,outl9es ( a ,philosophy ( ,religion bas$ on ,psy*ology & ,hi/ory ,by ,augu/e ,sabati] ,au?or ( ! ,apo/le ,paul etc4 ,,new ,,york ,,james ,,pott ,,company #aai-aba ,,we/ #bc;,d ,,/reet4 #aiaj ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,book ,i4--,,religion ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,psy*ological ,,orig9 ,,& ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,religion #a4 ,fir/ ,critical ,reflections #b4 ,initial ,contradiction ( ! ,psy*ological ,consci\sness #c4 ,religion ! ,pray] ( ! ,he>t ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,religion ,,& ,,revelation #a4 ,! ,my/]y ( ! ,religi\s ,life #b4 ,my?ological ,notion ( ,revelation #c4 ,dogmatic ,notion #d4 ,psy*ological ,notion #e4 ,conclusion ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,miracle ,,& ,,inspiration #a4 ,! ,notion ( ,miracle 9 ,antiquity #b4 ,miracle & ,sci5ce3 ,miracle & ,piety #c4 ,religi\s ,inspiration ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,religi\s ,,developm5t ,,( ,,humanity #a4 ,! ,social ,elem5t 9 ,religion #b4 ,progress 9 ! ,outw>d ,=ms ( ,religion #c4 ,progress 9 ! ,repres5tation ( ! ,div9e #d4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,pray] #e4 ,conclusion ,,book ,,ii4--,,*ri/ianity ,,*apt] ,i ,,hebraism1 ,,or ,,! ,,orig9s ,,( ,,! ,,gospel #a4 ,prophetism #b4 ,! ,dawn ( ! ,gospel ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,*ri/ianity #a4 ,! ,problem #b4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple #c4 ,! ,gospel ( ,jesus #d4 ,a ,necess>y ,di/9ction #e4 ,! ,corruptions ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,great ,,hi/orical ,,=ms ,,( ,,*ri/ianity #a4 ,! ,evolution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple #b4 ,jewi% or ,messianic ,*ri/ianity #c4 ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity #d4 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity #e4 ,conclusion ,,book ,,iii4--,,dogma ,,*apt] ,i ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,dogma8 #a4 ,def9ition #b4 ,g5esis ( ,dogma #c4 ,! ,role & ! ,religi\s ,value ( ,dogma ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,dogmas ,,& ,,_! ,,hi/orical ,,evolution #a4 ,?ree ,prejudices #b4 ,! ,two ,elem5ts 9 ,dogma #c4 ,! ,crisis ( ,dogma ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,dogmas #a4 ,mix$ ,"* ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas #b4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas & ! ,*ur* #c4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas & ,philosophy ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,critical ,,!ory ,,( ,,religi\s ,,k #a4 ,antiquat$ ,!ories #b4 ,! ,kantian ,!ory ( ,k #c4 ,! ,two ,ord]s ( ,k #d4 ,subjectivity ( ,religi\s ,k #e4 ,teleology #f4 ,symbolism #g4 ,conclusion ,,app5dix ,reply to ,criticisms ,,preface ,?is volume conta9s ?ree p>ts :i* are relat$ to ea* o!r z ! ?ree /ories ( "o & ! same edifice4 ,! fir/ treats ( religion & its orig92 ! second ( ,*ri/ianity & its ess5ce2 ! ?ird ( ,dogma & its nature4 ,proce$+ ?us f ! g5]al to ! p>ticul>1 f ! elem5t>y =ms ( religion to its highe/ =m1 pass+ aft]w>ds f religi\s ph5om5a to religi\s doctr9es1 ,i h endeav\r$ to develop a s]ies ( connect$ & progressive views :i* ,i d n wi% to be reg>d$ z a sy/em1 b z ! rigid application & ! fir/ results ( ! me?od ( /rictly psy*ological & hi/orical obs]vation t = ye>s ,i h appli$ to ?is species ( /udies4 ,9 no doma9 is !re a great] incoh]5ce ( ideas1 a %>p] conflict ( feel+1 or data m contradictory or1 at all ev5ts1 m difficult to reconcile4 ,9 no o!r is x m urg5t to introduce a little sequ5ce1 cle>ness1 h>mony4 ,our c5tury1 f ! beg9n+1 has _h two great passions :i* /ill inflame & agitate its clos+ ye>s4 ,x has driv5 abrea/ ! tw(old wor%ip ( ! sci5tific me?od & ( ! moral ideal2 b1 s f> f be+ able to unite !m1 x has pu%$ !m to a po9t :]e !y seem to contradict & exclude ea* o!r4 ,e s]i\s s\l feels itself to be inw>dly divid$2 x w\ld fa9 conciliate its mo/ g5]\s aspirations1 ! two la/ motives = liv+ & act+ t /ill rema9 to x4 ,:]e b 9 a r5ovat$ conception ( religion w ?is ne$$ reconciliation be f\nd8 ,no "o n[adays und]e/imates ! social importance ( ! religi\s "q4 ,philosoph]s1 morali/s1 politicians1 %[ !mselves to be alive to x2 !y see x dom9at+ all o!rs1 ^: solution1 9 ! end1 x may prev5t or decide4 ,b1 s+ul> contradiction6 ! m zeal & ! m decision ^! m5 manife/ 9 h&l+ ! religi\s "q 9 ! social ord]1 ! m indiff]5ce or impot5ce !y %[ 9 solv+ x = !mselves bo? 9 _! inn] & _! family life444 ,no "o has ! "r to impose a doctr9e or ! presumption1 surely1 to dictate to o!rs h[ !y mu/ direct _! ?\ght2 b a s9c]e & p]suad$ m9d may tell h[ x has direct$ its own1 & may set =? z an exp]i5ce & a docum5t ! views at :i* x has arriv$4444 ,! solid>ity ( m9ds has n[ become s great1 ! curr5ts ( ideas1 l ! curr5ts 9 ! atmosph]e1 move s quickly & create1 9 circum/ances s diff]5t & s f> ap>t1 /ates ( s\l s simil> t _m :o read ^! /udies1 & :o are /ruggl+ ) ! same difficulties z ^? :i* h s long engag$ ! au?or's ?\ghts1 may f9d bo? int]e/ & pr(it 9 see+ h[ he has succe$$ 9 satisfy+ himself4 ,^? ev5 :o h nev] reflect$ on ^! que/ions1 or h lightly turn$ f !m because !y deem$ !m insoluble1 w n p]haps object to be direct$ to !m by "o :o wi%es1 n to *eck _! fre$om ( ?\ght1 b to /imulate !m to ex]cise x4 ,:o1 at ! close ( 8 secret m$itations1 on ! conf9es ( 8 k1 at ! end ( 8 affections1 ( ! joys he has ta/$1 ( ! trials he has endur$1 has n se5 ris+ be=e him ! religi\s "q--,i mean ! my/]i\s problem ( 8 de/9y8 ,( all que/ions x is ! mo/ vital4 ,m5 may be turn$ f x = a "t by manifold di/ractions & by a s5se ( p[]lessness to solve ! "q1 b x is impossible t !y %\ld n return to x4 ,has life a mean+8 ,is x wor? liv+8 ,our ef=ts1 h !y an end8 ,our works & our ?\ghts1 h !y any p]man5t value to ! univ]se8 ,?is problem1 :i* "o g5]ation may evade1 returns ) ! next4 ,ea* new recruit to ! human race br+s ! problem along ) him1 because he wi%es to live1 & to live is to act1 & all action requires a fai?4 ,x is ( ! "y t ,i h ?\ght :ile prep>+ ^! pages1 & x is to !m t ,i d$icate !m4 ,to a g5]ation t believ$ x c\ld repose 9 ,positivism 9 philosophy1 utilit>ianism 9 morals1 & naturalism 9 art & poetry1 has succe$$ a g5]ation t torm5ts itself m ?an ev] ) ! my/]y ( ?+s1 t is attract$ by ! ideal1 t dreams ( social frat]nity1 ( self-r5unciation1 ( devotion to ! little1 to ! mis]able1 to ! oppress$--devotion l ! h]oism ( ,*ri/ian love4 ,h5ce :at has be5 call$ ! r5aissance ( ,idealism1 ! return1 i4e41 to g5]al ideas1 to fai? 9 ! invisible1 to ! ta/e = symbols1 & to ^? long+s1 z confus$ z !y are ard5t1 to discov] a religion or to return to ! religion _! fa!rs h disda9$4 ,our "y p1 x seems to me1 are pu%+ bravely =w>d1 m>*+ betwe5 two high walls3 on ! "o side mod]n sci5ce ) its rigor\s me?ods :i* x is no long] possible to ignore or to avoid2 on ! o!r1 ! dogmas & ! cu/oms ( ! religi\s in/itutions 9 :i* !y 7 re>$1 & to :i* !y w\ld1 b _c1 s9c]ely return4 ,! sages :o h l$ !m hi!rto po9t to ! impasse !y h rea*$1 & bid !m take a "p1--ei!r = sci5ce aga9/ religion1 or = religion aga9/ sci5ce4 ,!y hesitate1 ) reason1 9 face ( ?is al>m+ alt]native4 ,mu/ we !n *oose betwe5 pi\s ignorance & b>e k8 ,mu/ we ei!r cont9ue to live a moral life beli$ by sci5ce1 or set up a !ory ( ?+s :i* our consci5ces condemn8 ,is !re no issue to ! d>k & n>r[ valley :i* our anxi\s y\? trav]se8 ,i ?9k !re is4 ,i ?9k ,i h caught glimpses ( a /eep & n>r[ pa? t leads to wide & %9+ table-l&s above4 ,inde$ ,i h asc5d$ 9 ! foot/eps ( "s o!rs1 & ,i signal 9 my turn to y\ng]1 brav] pione]s :o1 9 c\rse ( "t1 w make a broad]1 saf] road1 along :i* all ! c>avan may pass4 ,,book ,,fir/ ,,religion ,,*apt] ,i ,,on ,,! ,,psy*ological ,,orig91 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,religion #a4 ,fir/ ,critical ,reflections ,:y am ,i religi\s8 ,because ,i _c help x3 x is a moral necessity ( my be+4 ,!y tell me x is a matt] ( h]$ity1 ( education1 ( temp]am5t4 ,i h (t5 said s to myself4 ,b t explanation simply puts ! problem fur!r back2 x does n solve x ,! necessity :i* ,i exp]i5ce 9 my individual life ,i f9d to be /ill m inv9cible 9 ! collective life ( humanity4 ,humanity is n less incurably religi\s ?an ,i am4 ,! cults x has esp\s$ & ab&on$ h deceiv$ x 9 va92 9 va9 has ! criticism ( savants & philosoph]s %att]$ its dogmas & my?ologies2 9 va9 has religion left su* tracks ( blood & fire ?r\gh\t ! annals ( humanity2 x has surviv$ all *ange1 all revolution1 all /ages ( culture & progress4 ,cut d[n a ?\s& times1 ! anci5t /em has always s5t new bran*es =?4 ,:5ce comes ?is inde/ructible vitality8 ,:at is ! cause ( ! univ]sality & p]petuity ( religion8 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ?is "q x w be necess>y to remove a fruitful cause ( error ) respect to ! ess5ce & orig9 ( ! religi\s s5se1 especially among ! peoples ( ,lat9 extraction4 ,?is cause lies 9 ! v ^w religion4 ,x v badly designates ! psy*ological ph5om5on to be /udi$2 x envelops x 9 accessory & ev5 9 ali5 ideas1 :i* bl9d & mislead half-educat$ m54 ,! ^w comes to u f ! lea/ religi\s ( ! peoples ( ! _w4 ,x has no synonym or equival5t 9 ! language ( ! anci5t ,hebrews1 or 9 t ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,g]mans1 ! ,celts1 or ! ,h9dus1 ! human families :i*1 9 ! religi\s ord]1 h be5 ! mo/ orig9al & ! mo/ creative4 ,x 0 ,rome t impos$ ! ^w ^u u along ) h] language1 h] g5ius1 & h] in/itutions4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,x is abs5t f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,:51 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 x ent]s into ,*ri/ian spee*1 x no d\bt und]goes a sort ( baptism1 & seems to cov] a mean+ m 9 con=mity ) ! _s ( ! ,gospel4 ,lactantius def9es religion z ! l9k :i* unites man to ,god4 ,b 9 ! anci5t ,roman writ]s ! ^w nev] _h ?is pr(\nd & my/ical mean+4 ,in/ead ( m>k+ ! inw>d & subjective side ( religion1 & signalis+ x z a ph5om5on ( ! life ( ! s\l1 x def9$ religion by ! outside1 z a tradition ( rites1 & z a social in/itution bequea!d by ance/ors4 ,! ,*ri/ian baptism ?r\gh :i* ! ^w pass$ did n efface ?is anci5t ,roman /amp4 ,to ! majority1 ev5 n[1 religion is h>dly any?+ m ?an a s]ies ( traditional rites1 sup]natural beliefs1 political in/itutions2 x is a ,*ur* 9 possession ( div9e sacram5ts1 con/itut$ by a sac]dotal hi]>*y1 = ! discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( s\ls4 ,su* is ! =m "u :i* ! g5ius ( ,rome conceiv$ & realis$ ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,we/]n _w2 & ! fasc9ation t ?is political & social conception ( religion /ill ex]cises is s great t m9ds ! mo/ enlight5$ "k no bett] ?an to agree ) ,m4 ,bruneti]e1 :o1 :5 wi%+ to set =? ! sup]iority ( ,ca?olicism to ,prote/antism1 conf9es himself1 l ,bossuet1 to prais+ x z a p]fect model ( gov]nm5t4 ,by a sort ( logical necessity1 :5ev] & :]ev] ?is political conception ( religion has pr$om9at$1 an analog\s explanation ( its orig9 has always aris54 ,x is natural t m5 %\ld h appli$ to x ! anci5t juridical adage3 is fecit cui prode/4 ,religion admirably s]ves to gov]n ! peoples2 !re=e x 0 orig9ally inv5t$ = t purpose4 ,x 0 ! "w ( prie/s & *iefs :o wi%$ by means ( x to /r5g!n & to ratify _! au?ority4 ,s reason ! ,romans 9 ! days ( ,cic]o & ! philosoph]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,& !re is "s f\ndation = _! argum5ts4 ,religion has (t5 be5 utilis$ by politics3 pi\s frauds are to be f\nd 9 all ! cults4 ,b :at !n8 ,:at d ! facts prove8 ,x is n ! pi\s fraud t produces ! religion2 x is ! religion t gives occasion & opportunity to pi\s frauds4 ,)\t religion !re w\ld h be5 no pi\s frauds4 ,:5 ,i he> x said1 ,prie/s made religion1 ,i simply ask1 ,& :o1 pray1 made ! prie/s8 ,9 ord] to create a prie/hood1 & 9 ord] t t inv5tion %\ld f9d g5]al acceptance ) ! p t 7 to be subject to x1 mu/ !re n h be5 already 9 ! he>ts ( m5 a religi\s s5tim5t t w\ld clo! ! in/itution ) a sacr$ "*8 ,! t]ms mu/ be rev]s$3 x is n prie/hood t expla9s religion1 b religion t expla9s prie/hood4 ,! !ory prop\nd$ by ,positivism is pr(\nd] & m s]i\s4 ,religion1 :i* dates f ! e>lie/ ages1 c only h be5 a fir/ attempt at an explanation ( ! extraord9>y ph5om5a by :i* man 9 8 ignorance 0 a/oni%$ & fright5$4 ,x is ! beg9n+ ( ! *ildi% =m ( sci5ce1 :i*1 9 c\rse ( "t1 w\ld naturally give place to high] & m rigor\s =ms4 ,*ildr5 & savages animate all ?+s r\nd ab\t !m ) a psy*ical life2 !y see p>ticul> wills beh9d e ph5om5on t excites _! hope or fe>4 ,?us ! imag9ation ( primitive man peopl$ ! univ]se ) an inf9ite numb] ( spirits1 good & evil1 ^: my/]i\s action made itself felt at e mom5t ( _! de/9y4 ,a :ile ago we _h ! explanation ( religion by prie/hood2 n[ we h ! explanation by my?ology4 ,b x is ! same vici\s circle3 x is an insuffici5t psy*ology once m mi/ak+ ! effect = ! cause4 ,to conceive ( religion z a species ( k is an error n less grave ?an to repres5t x z a sort ( political in/itution4 ,no d\bt religi\s fai? is always accompani$ by k1 b ?is intellectual elem5t1 h[ev] indisp5sable1 s f> f be+ ! basis & ! sub/ance ( religion1 v>ies cont9ually at all ! epo*s ( religi\s evolution4 ,doctr9al =mulas & liturgies are means ( expression & ( education1 ( :i* religion avails itself1 b :i* x c ex*ange = o!rs aft] ea* philosophical crisis4 ,rites & beliefs become oblit]at$ or die out2 religion possesses a p[] ( p]petual resurrection1 ^: pr9ciple _c be exhau/$ 9 any ext]nal =m or 9 any dogmatic idea4 ,comte's !ory ( ! ?ree /ages ?r\gh :i* human ?\ght has pass$ is well kn[n3 ! !ological /age ( primitive times1 ! metaphysical /age 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ! positive or sci5tific /age ( mod]n times4 ,if k 7 ! ess5ce ( religion1 "o c\ld easily und]/& ! logical c\rse ( ?is evolution1 an inf]ior =m ( k be+ condemn$ to disappe> be=e a sup]ior =m4 ,! pro( t x is no?+ ( ! k9d is ! fact t religion does n cease to reappe> at all epo*s & 9 ! mo/ widely diff]5t conditions ( culture4 ,! ?ree /ages are n successive b simultane\s2 !y d n correspond to ?ree p]iods ( hi/ory1 b to ?ree p]man5t ne$s ( ! human s\l4 ,y f9d !m comb9$ 9 v>i\s degrees 9 antiquity1 9 ,socrates1 ,plato1 & ,ari/otle2 9 mod]n times1 9 ,desc>tes1 ,pascal1 ,leibniz1 ,kant1 ,claude ,b]n>d1 & ,pa/eur4 ,! m sci5ce progresses & becomes consci\s ( its true me?od & ( its limits1 ! m does x become di/+ui%$ f philosophy & religion4 ,sci5tific rese>*1 exclusively devot$ to ! det]m9ation ( ph5om5a & ( _! conditions 9 "t & space1 is "o ?+2 ! philosophic ne$ ( compreh5d+ ! univ]se z an intelligible :ole1 & ( expla9+ all t exi/s by a pr9ciple ( suffici5t reason1 is ano!r & a diff]5t ?+2 &1 la/ly1 diff]+ f bo?1 is ! religi\s ne$ :i*1 rightly und]/ood1 is b a manife/ation1 9 ! moral ord]1 ( ! in/9ct ( e be+ to p]sev]e 9 be+4 ,:y may n ^! div]s t5d5cies ( s\l1 coexi/+ always & ev]y:]e1 manife/ !mselves simultane\sly & on p>allel l9es8 ,we ne$ n g beyond ! ,positivi/s !mselves = examples & pro(s ( ?is p]si/5ce ( ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,comte1 ,sp5c]1 & ,littre may be call$ z witnesses4 ,! f\nd] ( ,positivism1 :o _h pr$ict$ ! fatal ext9ction ( ! disposition to religion 9 ! human s\l1 cr[n$ 8 sy/em & end$ 8 c>e] by f\nd+ a new religion1 clumsily copi$ f ! sac]dotal organisation & ! ritual practices ( ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,!re actually exi/s a ,positivi/ ,*ur*1 ) a cal5d> ( sa9ts1 ) relics & anniv]s>ies1 ) a cate*ism1 & ) a high prie/ n less infallible ?an ! "o at ,rome4 ,a few disciples1 sc&alis$ by ?is supreme temptation ( ! ma/]1 desir$ to excuse him by decl>+ t he _h gone mad4 ,x 0 a mi/ake4 ,! fact is t1 arriv+ at ! con/ruction ( a ,positive ,sociology1 ,comte compreh5d$ ! role ( ! religi\s in/9ct & ( religi\s feel+ 9 ! life ( peoples1 & he believ$ t he w\ld only be able to cem5t ! edifice ( society 9 ! future by religion4 ,x is said t ^? :o h be5 amputat$ sometimes feel %>p twit*es 9 ! limbs !y h lo/4 ,comte & 8 disciples h exp]i5c$ some?+ simil>4 ,nature1 ) h] usual irony1 has av5g$ h]self on !m = ! viol5ce !y h done to h]4 ,( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] n mu* ne$ be said2 ev]ybody kn[s t ! ,unkn[able 9 8 sy/em has become a sort ( undet]m9$ & unconsci\s =ce1 elud+ e ef=t ( ! m9d to grasp x1 b rema9+1 none ! less1 ! cause expla9+ evolution1 & ! s\rce pr(\nd :5ce all ?+s fl[4 ,"u diff]5t names1 d we n recognise ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! philosoph]s1 & ! image1 half-effac$1 ( ! ,god ( believ]s8 ,ne$ we be surpris$ t ! ,engli% ?9k] pron\nces religion to be et]nal8 t he f9ally r$uces ! m5tal life ( man to ^! two ess5tial & primordial activities--! sci5tific activity :i* pursues ! k ( ph5om5a & _! trans=mation1 & religi\s activity deliv]+ itself up to my/ical contemplation & to sil5t adoration ( univ]sal be+8 ,! example ( ,littre is m t\*+ /ill4 ,i rememb] read+ a sublime page 9 "o ( 8 works1 9 :i* ! savant1 aft] runn+ ?r\gh ! t]ra firma ( positive k1 rea*es its utmo/ limit1 &1 seat+ himself on ! extreme/ promontory1 sees himself surr\nd$ by ! my/]y ( ! unkn[able1 z by an inf9ite ocean4 ,he has nei!r b>que1 nor sails1 nor compass :]e) to explore ?is b\ndless sea2 nev]!less1 he /&s !re gaz+ into x2 he contemplates x2 he m$itates 9 pres5ce ( ?is va/ unkn[n1 & f9ally ab&ons himself to a movem5t ( adoration & ( confid5ce :i* r5ews 8 m5tal vig\r & :i* fills 8 he>t ) peace4 ,:at is ?is1 ,i ask1 b a sudd5 outbur/ ( religi\s feel+ :i* positive sci5ce1 s f> f ext+ui%+1 has only s]v$ to deep5 & acc5tuate8 ,& s9ce we h "h ! religion ( ! unkn[able1 is x n evid5t t religion is n necess>ily k8 ,i n[ come to a ?ird explanation :i*1 old] ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs1 w br+ u ne>] to ! end at :i* we aim4 ,x is fe>1 says a ,lat9 poet1 t eng5d]s ! gods4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* ?is is true4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t religion 0 at fir/ awak5$ 9 ! he>t ( man "u ! impress ( ! t]ror caus$ by ! disord]$ & de/ructive =ces ( primitive ,nature4 ,?r[n nak$ & dis>m$ on ! b>ely-cool$ planet1 walk+ trembl+ly ^u a soil t quak$ b5ea? 8 tread1 8 w\ld be a /ate ( mis]y & di/ress :i* fill$ 8 he>t ) an inf9ite t]ror4 ,b ! explanation ne$s complet+4 ,9 itself & ( itself1 fe> is n religi\s2 x p>alyses1 cru%es1 /uns4 ,9 ord] t x may become religi\sly fruitful1 x is necess>y t1 f ! outset1 x %\ld be mix$ ) an opposite s5tim5t1 an impulse ( hope2 x is necess>y t man1 ! prey ( fe>1 %\ld conceive1 9 "s way or o!r1 ! possibility ( surm\nt+ x--t is to say t he %\ld f9d above him "s help1 "s succ\r1 by :i* to confront ! dang]s :i* ?reat5 him4 ,fe> only gives bir? to religion 9 man because x awak5s hope & calls =? pray]--pray] t op5s an issue to human di/ress4 ,!re is t am\nt ( tru? 9 ! anci5t hypo!sis4 ,x br+s u ne> ! s\rce we are seek+1 = x places u on ! practical ar5a ( life1 & n 9 ! !oretical region ( sci5ce4 ,! "q man puts to himself 9 religion is always a "q ( salvation1 & if he seems sometimes to be pursu+ 9 x ! enigma ( ! univ]se1 x is only t he may solve ! enigma ( 8 life4 ,& n[ we mu/ press ne>] to ! problem4 ,we mu/ asc]ta9 out ( :at fundam5tal contradiction ! religi\s feel+ arises4 ,we may rea* x by a m5tal analysis t e "o c foll[1 & v]ify ! m easily inasmu* z x is always 9 c\rse ( recon/ruction1 by not+ our own exp]i5ces4 #b4 ,initial ,contradiction ( ! ,psy*ological ,consci\sness ,:at is man8 ,ext]nally he does n diff] mu* f ! high] animals1 ! s]ies ( :i* seems to h be5 clos$ by 8 appe>ance on our planet4 ,8 physical organism is compos$ ( ! same elem5ts1 act+ accord+ to ! same laws2 & ( ! same organs1 p]=m+ analog\s functions4 ,x is by ! incomp>able developm5t ( 8 m5tal life t man is di/+ui%$1 & little by little dis5gages himself f animality4 ,ph5om5a & laws ( a new k9d n[ make _! appe>ance4 ,! my/]i\s life ( ! _s1 em]g+ f ! physical life1 unfolds itself gradually l a div9e fl[]1 & gives ! _w1 = u1 its mean+ & its lovel9ess4 ,! region ( ! true1 ! beautiful1 ! good1 is op5$ up to consci\sness2 ! moral _w is con/itut$ z a high] ord] to :i* man belongs4 ,x is ^! moral laws1 capable ( dom9at+ physical laws & b5d+ !m to high] ends t1 9 ! human animal1 realise & con/itute humanity4 ,man is only man 9 s f> z he obeys !m1 & su* is ! po9t ( transition t he occupies betwe5 two worlds1 su* ! necessity ( ! crisis by :i* he mu/ dis5gage himself f mat]ial animality1 t1 if he does n rise above ! brute1 he necess>ily1 by ! v p]v]sion ( 8 high] life1 falls b5ea? him4 ,f ! beg9n+1 physical life implies a d\ble movem5t3 a movem5t inw>d f ! outside to ! c5tre ( ! ego1 & a movem5t outw>d f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce4 ,! fir/ repres5ts ! action ( ext]nal ?+s ^u ! ego by s5sation 7passivity72 ! second1 ! reaction ( ! ego ^u ?+s by ! w 7activity74 ,?is int]nal flux & reflux is ! :ole m5tal life4 ,f ?is po9t we %all soon p]ceive ! initial contradiction 9 :i* ?is life is =m$1 & 9 :i* x goes on develop+ itself cont9ually4 ,! passive side & ! active side ( ! life ( ! m9d are n h>moni\s4 ,s5sation cru%es ! w4 ,! activity1 ! free expansion ( ! ego1 its desires to ext5d & aggr&ise itself are *eck$ & cru%$ by ! weight ( ! _w1 :i* on e side is press+ 9 ^u x4 ,spr++ up f ! c5tre1 ! wave ( life breaks itself inevitably on ! rocks ( outw>d ?+s4 ,?is p]petual collision1 ?is conflict ( ! ego & ! univ]se1--?is is ! prim>y cause & orig9 ( all pa94 ,?us ?r[n back ^u itself1 ! activity ( ! ego returns ^u ! c5tre & heats x l ! axle ( a :eel 9 motion4 ,sp>ks soon fly1 & ! inn] life ( ! ego is lit up4 ,?is is consci\sness4 ,br\ght back by pa9ful s5sations & by repeat$ failure ( its ef=ts f ! outside1 ! ego beg9s to reflect ^u itself2 x d\bles itself & kn[s itself2 soon x judges itself2 x sep>ates itself f ! organism ) :i* at fir/ x conf\nd$ itself2 x opposes itself to itself1 z if !re 7 really 9 itself two be+s1 an ideal ego & an empirical ego4 ,h5ce comes its torm5t1 its /ruggles1 its remorse1 b also ! impulse ev] r5ew$1 ! indef9ite progress ( its spiritual life1 ( :i* ea* mom5t seems to be b a degree f :i* x ought to rise to a /age /ill high]4 ,may we n "h =esee ! div9e purpose ( pa98 ,)\t x1 x w\ld seem z if ! life ( ! _s c\ld n h aris5 out ( physical life4 ,all bir?s are pa9ful4 ,consci\sness1 l e o!r *ild1 0 born 9 te>s4 ,! *ild ( pa91 x c only be develop$ by pa94 ,:]e d y f9d intellig5ce ! mo/ ref9$1 consci\sness ! ke5e/1 inn] life ! mo/ int5se1 if n among/ ! human be+s ^: ext]nal activities h be5 repress$ by sickness or by "s limitation 9 _! social position8 ,h[ else w y expla9 ! ,p5sees ( ,pascal or ( ,ma9e de ,biran1 or ! ,j\rnal ( ,amiel8 ,:5ce comes t extraord9>y developm5t ( consci\sness ( :i* we are all aw>e 9 m5 l ^!1 unless x be t !y feel m pr(\ndly ?an o!rs t radical contradiction :i* con/itutes at once ! mis]y & ! gr&eur ( human de/9y8 ,cont9ue ?is obs]vation2 foll[ ea* ( our faculties 9 its progressive expansion4 ,/>t+ f a contradiction )\t :i* !y w\ld n exi/1 y see !m all end 9 a contradiction 9 :i* !y seem to p]i%1 s t t :i* has eng5d]$ consci\sness seems z if x mu/ de/roy x4 ,ev]y:]e ! same disc\rag+ ant9omy4 ,man _c "k himself )\t kn[+ himself to be limit$4 ,b he _c feel ^! fatal limitations )\t go+ beyond !m 9 ?\ght & by desire1 s t he is nev] satisfi$ ) :at he possesses1 & _c be happy except ) t :i* he _c atta94 ,i desire to "k2 my lab\r+ intellect is a?ir/ to compreh5d & und]/&1 & its fir/ discov]ies en*ant x4 ,b1 alas1 my head soon runs itself aga9/ ! wall ( my/]y4 ,n only are !re ?+s x does n "k1 b !re are ?+s :i* x kn[s = a c]ta9ty t x w nev] be able to "k4 ,h[ c a man jump (f 8 own %ad[1 or /& on 8 own %\ld]s1 to look ov] ! impassable wall8 ,t all :i* is intelligible to u is real1 ,i grant2 b is all t is real intelligible to u8 ,& !n :at becomes my k save a melan*oly feel+ ( ignorance t kn[s itself to be su*8 ,! same contradiction 9 my faculty = enjoym5t4 ,z my seem+ k *ang$ into its opposite1 s n[ ,i see pleasure & happ9ess *ang+ into pa9 & sorr[4 ,let ! sup]ficial & ! vulg> lay on fate or ?+s ! blame ( _! deceptions & ( _! inability to be happy2 z = me1 ,i c only blame ! inn] con/itution ( my be+4 ,x is z ! result ( t v con/itution t enjoym5t be>s )9 itself ! cause ( its own exhau/ion1 t pleasure is *ang$ into disgu/1 & t pa9 is born ( all voluptu\sness4 ,pessimism is 9 ! "r2 = x is prov$ by an exp]i5ce only too long-liv$ t ! only result ( happ9ess exclusively pursu$ is an increase ( ! capacity = suff]+4 ,ne$ ,i speak ( moral activity8 ,i desire to d good1 b evil is pres5t ) me4 ,i d n d t :i* ,i approve1 & ,i d n approve t :i* ,i d3 ,i feel myself free 9 my w1 & ,i am enslav$ 9 action4 ,! m ef=t ,i make t[>ds an ideal righte\sness1 ! m t ideal1 :i* ,i nev] rea*1 con/itutes me a s9n] & /r5g!ns 9 me ! consci\sness ( s92 s t "h aga91 & "h especially1 ! f9al result ( my se>* is ! opposite ( t :i* ,i set out to seek4 ,:5ce %all deliv]ance come8 ,h[ %all ,i solve ?is contradiction ( my be+ :i* makes me at ! same "t live & die8 ,to free man f ! mis]ies & limitations ( 8 nature m5 c\nt ^u ! progress ( sci5ce & ! amelioration ( ! conditions ( 8 life4 ,b :o does n see t "h is a new s\rce ( despair8 ,h[ c we =get t1 s f> f att5uat+ x1 sci5ce 9 its progress aggravates & r5d]s mortal ! orig9al condition ( life8 ,to make a discov]y1 to expla9 a new ph5om5on1 :at is ?is b to add ano!r l9k to ! causal & necess>y network :i* sci5ce weaves & spreads ov] ?+s8 ,to put sequ5ce1 ord]1 & /ability into ! _w1 is n ?is1 = sci5ce1 to put necessity into x1 & to make necessity ! sov]eign rul] ( ! _w8 ,sci5ce1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 is det]m9i/4 ,b !n1 prolong ?is progress ( sci5ce indef9itely2 multiply x by t51 by a hundr$1 a ?\s&2 :at d y d b multiply proportionately ! weight ( univ]sal det]m9ism b5ea? :i* our s\l groans & ceases to /rive8 ,we %\ld !n end 9 ! /ill m tragic contradiction--betwe5 sci5ce & consci5ce1 physical laws & moral laws1 action & reflection4 ,! m ! "o enl>ges & triumphs ! va9] seems ! o!r4 ,h5ce t philosophical dualism 9 :i* mod]n ?\ght ends--a sci5ce :i* _c eng5d] an ackn[l$g$ morality1 & a morality :i* _c be ! object ( positive sci5ce4 ,we t\* ! cause ( t /range malady le mal du siecle1 a sort ( int]nal consumption by :i* all cultivat$ m9ds are m or less affect$4 ,x is an inte/9e w> :i* arms ! human ego aga9/ itself & dries up all ! spr+s ( life4 ,! m "o reflects on ! reasons t may be urg$ 9 fav\r ( liv+ & act+1 ! less capable "o is ( ef=t & ( action4 ,cle>ness ( ?\ght is 9 inv]se proportion to ! en]gy ( ! w4 ,! ,pessimi/s tell u t if we 7 fully & p]fectly consci\s we %\ld lose ! w to act1 & ev5 ! desire to be4 ,& :i* ( u is n m or less ( a ,pessimi/ n[adays8 ,:o does n compla9 ( ! we>y weight ( all ?is un9telligible _w8 ,:o does n feel 8 weakness & ! pressure ( ext]nal ?+s8 ,:o has n m>k$ t union n[ become almo/ habitual ( frivolity ( "* & intellectual culture ! mo/ p]fect & ref9$8 ,t sad monotone :i* comes to u on e w9d1 f ! late/ volume ( philosophy1 f ! mo/ popul> novel1 f ! mo/ successful play1--:at is x b ! melan*oly sigh ( a life t seems to be ready to expire1 ( a _w t seems ab\t to disappe>4 ,mu/ "o give up ?9k+ !n if he w\ld reta9 ! c\rage to live1 & resign himself to dea? 9 ord] to pres]ve ! "r to ?9k8 ,f ?is feel+ ( di/ress1 f ?is initial contradiction ( ! inn] life ( man1 religion spr+s4 ,x is ! r5t 9 ! rock ?r\gh :i* ! liv+ & life-giv+ wat]s fl[4 ,n t religion br+s a !oretical solution to ! problem4 ,! issue x op5s & proposes to u is pre-em95tly practical4 ,x does n save u by add+ to our k1 b by a return to ! v pr9ciple on :i* our be+ dep5ds1 & by a moral act ( confid5ce 9 ! orig9 & aim ( life4 ,at ! same "t ?is sav+ act is n an arbitr>y "o2 x spr+s f a necessity4 ,fai? 9 life bo? is & acts l ! in/9ct ( cons]vation 9 ! physical _w4 ,x is a high] =m ( t in/9ct ,bl9d & fatal 9 organisms1 9 ! moral life x is accompani$ by consci\sness & by reflective w1 &1 ?us trans=m$1 x appe>s "u ! guise ( religion4 ,nor is ?is life-impulse 7elan de la vie7 produc$ 9 ! void1 or objectless4 ,x re/s ^u a feel+ inh]5t 9 e consci\s individual1 ! feel+ ( dep5d5ce :i* e man exp]i5ces ) respect to univ]sal be+4 ,:i* ( u c escape ?is feel+ ( absolute dep5d5ce8 ,n only is our de/9y1 9 pr9ciple1 decid$ outside ourselves & ap>t f ourselves accord+ to ! g5]al laws ( cosmical evolution1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* we appe> at a giv5 "t & place ) a h]itage ( =ces :i* we h n *os5 or produc$1 b1 n be+ able to discov] 9 ourselves or 9 any s]ies ( individuals ! suffici5t reason ( our exi/5ce1 we are oblig$ to seek outside ourselves1 9 univ]sal be+1 ! fir/ cause & ultimate aim ( our exi/5ce & our life4 ,to be religi\s is1 at fir/1 to recognise1 to accept ) confid5ce1 ) simplicity & humility1 ?is subjection ( our individual consci\sness2 x is to br+ ?is back & b9d x to its et]nal pr9ciple2 x is to w to be 9 ! ord] & ! h>mony ( life4 ,?is feel+ ( our subord9ation ?us furni%es ! exp]im5tal & inde/ructible basis ( ! idea ( ,god4 ,?is idea may possibly rema9 m or less indet]m9$1 & may inde$ nev] be p]fect$ 9 our m9d2 b its object does n on t acc\nt elude our consci\sness4 ,be=e all reflection1 & be=e all rational det]m9ation1 x is giv5 to u &1 z x 71 impos$ on u 9 ! v fact ( our absolute dep5d5ce2 )\t fe> we may e/abli% ?is equation3 ! feel+ ( our dep5d5ce is t ( ! my/]i\s pres5ce ( ,god 9 u4 ,su* is ! deep s\rce f :i* ! idea ( ! div9e spr+s up )9 u irresi/ibly4 ,b x spr+s at once z religion & z an effect ( religion4 ,at ! same "t1 x is well to note at :at a co/ ! m9d ( man accepts ?is subord9ation 9 relation to ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal life4 ,we h se5 ?is m9d 9 conflict ) ext]nal ?+s4 ,! m9d revolts aga9/ !m because !y are ( a diff]5t nature to itself1 & because x is ! pr\d pr]ogative ( m9d to compreh5d1 to dom9ate1 to rule ?+s & n to be subord9ate to !m4 ,pascal's phrase is to ! po9t3 ,man is b a re$1 ! feeble/ ?+ 9 nature2 b he is a ?9k+ re$4 ,7 ! univ]se to cru% him1 man w\ld /ill be nobl] ?an ! univ]se t kill$ him1 = he w\ld be consci\s ( ! calamity1 & ! univ]se w\ld "k no?+ ( ! advantage x possess$4 ,t is :y ! mat]ial univ]se is n ! pr9ciple ( sov]eignty to :i* x is possible = man to submit4 ,! sup]ior dignity ( _s to ! totality ( ?+s c only be pres]v$ 9 our prec>i\s individuality by an act ( confid5ce & communion ) ! univ]sal ,_s4 ,x is only on a spiritual p[] t my consci\sness does actually make bo? me & ! univ]se to dep5d1 & 9 mak+ u bo? to dep5d on ! same spiritual p[]1 x reconciles u to ea* o!r1 because1 9 t univ]sal be+ conceiv$ z _s1 bo? ,i & ! univ]se h a common pr9ciple & a common aim4 ,desc>tes 0 "r3 ! fir/ /ep ( ! human m9d desir\s ( confirm+ to itself ! s5se ( its own wor? & dignity is an ess5tially religi\s act4 ,! circle ( my m5tal life1 :i* op5s ) ! conflict ( ^! two t]ms--consci\sness ( ! ego1 exp]i5ce ( ! _w--is complet$ by a ?ird 9 :i* ! o!r t]ms are h>monis$3 ! s5se ( _! common dep5d5ce ^u ,god4 ,b is n ?is acc\nt ( ! g5esis ( religion too philosophic & too ab/ract to be capable ( univ]sal application8 ,if x expla9s ! p]si/5ce ( ! religi\s s5tim5t 9 epo*s ( high culture1 c x also expla9 its appe>ance 9 ! pre-hi/oric ages ( humanity8 ,^? :o raise ?is objection h n suffici5tly m>k$ ! p]man5t nature ( ! initial contradiction :i* con/itutes1 at ! beg9n+ z at ! end1 ! empirical life ( man1 & :i* r5d]s x 9 all degrees s prec>i\s & s mis]able4 ,x is n a contradiction creat$ by logic4 ,to exp]i5ce x & to suff] f x man did n ne$ to wait until he became a philosoph]4 ,x manife/$ itself 9 ! t]rors ( ! savage 9 pres5ce ( ! cataclysms ( nature1 9 ! mid/ ( ! p]ils ( ! primeval =e/ n less ?an 9 our tr\bl$ ?\ght 9 pres5ce ( ! enigma ( ! univ]se & ! my/]y ( dea?4 ,! expression ( human mis]y & ! consci\sness !re( are diff]5t ?+s2 ! religi\s ?rill :i* br+s relief1 at bottom is ! same4 ,pascal1 ) all 8 k1 did n exp]i5ce less di/ress ?an primitive man1 :5 he exclaim$3 ,! et]nal sil5ce ( ! inf9ite spaces t]rifies me4 ,! disciple ( ,kant1 %utt+ himself up 9 despair )9 ! impassable limits ( ph5om5al k1 or ! disciple ( ,s*op5hau] end+ 9 ! int]nec9e conflict betwe5 intellect & w1 are !y n smitt5 ) a feel+ ( impot5ce /ill m pa9ful1 &1 :5 !y cease to reason 9 ord] to decide to live1 d !y n feel =m+ )9 !mselves1 & 9 spite ( !mselves1 a sigh :i* is ! beg9n+ ( a pray]8 ,religion1 !re=e1 is immortal4 ,f> f dry+ up ) "t1 ! spr+ f :5ce x fl[s 9 ! human s\l enl>ges1 deep5s1 & becomes m ri* "u ! tw(old action ( philosophic reflection & ( ! pa9ful exp]i5ces ( life4 ,^? :o pr$ict its approa*+ end mi/ake = religion t :i* is only its outw>d & fleet+ expression4 ,! p]iodical crises 9 :i* x seems z if x mu/ p]i%1 r5ew its traditions & its =ms1 &1 s f> f prov+ its weakness1 demon/rate its fecundity & its faculty ( rejuv5esc5ce4 ,nev]1 9 all hi/ory1 has ! human s\l be5 se5 entirely nak$4 ,on ?is tree1 9 :i* ! sap div9e m\nts ev]1 ! leaves ( "o season only fall1 h[ev] dry !y may be1 "u ! pressure ( new leaves4 ,religi\s beliefs d n die2 !y are simply trans=m$4 ,let ! fri5ds ( religion !n cease to be al>m$ & its enemies to rejoice4 ,! hopes ( ! "o & ! fe>s ( ! o!r %[ an equal misconception ( t :i* is its ess5ce & its pr9ciple4 ,if !y seek x 9 !mselves1 !y w f9d x all ! m liv+ 9 _! inn] life1 ! m its traditional =ms outside !mselves seem m5ac$4 ,! sigh1 ! impulse1 or ! melan*oly ( ! s\l 9 di/ress are m religi\s ?an an int]e/$ or me*anical devotion4 ,!re are h\rs :5 ! h]esy :i* suff]s1 & :i* seeks & prays1 is mu* ne>] ! s\rce ( life ?an ! intellectual ob/9acy ( an or?odoxy incapable1 z x w\ld seem1 ( compreh5d+ ! dogmas t x keeps embalm$4 ,let ! m5 :o despise religion le>n fir/ to "k x2 let !m see x z x is--! inw>d happy crisis by :i* human life is trans=m$ & an issue op5$ up to x t[>ds ! ideal life4 ,all human developm5t spr+s f x & ends 9 x4 ,art1 morals1 sci5ce itself fade & wa/e away if ?is supreme inspiration be want+ to !m2 ! irreligi\s s\l expires z if f lack ( brea?4 ,man is n2 he has to make himself2 & 9 ord] to ?is he mu/ m\nt f ! d>kness & bondage ( e>? to light & lib]ty4 ,x is by religion t humanity beg9s 9 him1 & x is by religion t x is e/abli%$ & complet$4 #c4 ,religion is ! ,pray] ( ! ,he>t ,we %all n[ be able to def9e ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,x is a comm]ce1 a consci\s & will$ relation into :i* ! s\l 9 di/ress ent]s ) ! my/]i\s p[] on :i* x feels t x & its de/9y dep5d4 ,?is comm]ce ) ,god is realis$ by pray]4 ,pray] is religion 9 act--t is to say1 real religion4 ,x is pray] :i* di/+ui%es religi\s ph5om5a f all ^? :i* resemble !m or lie ne> to !m1 f ! moral s5se1 = in/ance1 or ae/hetic feel+4 ,if religion is a practical ne$1 ! response to x c only be a practical action4 ,no !ory w\ld suffice4 ,religion is no?+ if x is n ! vital act by :i* ! :ole _s seeks to save itself by atta*+ itself to its pr9ciple4 ,?is act is pray]1 by :i* ,i mean1 n an empty utt]ance ( words1 n ! repetition ( c]ta9 sacr$ =mulas1 b ! movem5t ( ! s\l putt+ itself into p]sonal relation & contact ) ! my/]i\s p[] ^: pres5ce x feels ev5 be=e x is able to give x a "n4 ,:]e ?is inw>d pray] is want+ !re is no religion2 on ! o!r h&1 :]ev] ?is pray] spr+s up 9 ! s\l & moves x1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( all =m & doctr9e cle>ly def9$1 !re is true religion1 liv+ piety4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 p]haps a hi/ory ( pray] w\ld be ! be/ hi/ory ( ! religi\s developm5t ( mank9d4 ,t hi/ory w\ld be se5 to comm5ce 9 ! crude/ cry = help & to complete itself 9 p]fect pray] :i*1 on ! lips ( ,*ri/1 is simply submission to & confid5ce 9 ! ,fa!r's w4 ,?is concrete def9ition ( religion has ! advantage ( correct+ by complet+ t ( ,s*lei]ma*]4 ,x reconciles ! two anti!tic elem5ts :i* con/itute ! religi\s s5tim5t3 ! passive & ! active elem5ts1 ! feel+ ( dep5d5ce & ! movem5t ( lib]ty4 ,pray]1 spr++ up out ( our /ate ( mis]y & oppression1 deliv]s u f x4 ,!re is 9 x bo? submission & fai?4 ,submission makes u recognise & accept our dep5d5ce1 fai? trans=ms t dep5d5ce into lib]ty4 ,^! two elem5ts correspond to ! two poles ( ! religi\s life2 = 9 all true piety man pro/rates himself be=e ! omnipot5ce t encompasses him1 & he rises ) a feel+ ( deliv]ance & ( concord ) 8 ,god4 ,s*lei]ma*] err$ 9 insi/+ only ^u resignation4 ,!nce=? he c\ld nei!r escape ,pan!ism 9 ord] to arrive at lib]ty1 nor f9d any l9k betwe5 ! religi\s & ! moral life4 ,religion1 !n1 is a free act z well z a feel+ ( dep5d5ce4 ,& su* is ! "* & ! virtue ( ! act ( pray] t ev]y?+ is trans=m$ by x4 ,! cru%+ feel+ ( my defeat becomes ! joyful & triumphant feel+ ( my victory4 ,ea* ( ^! /ates is *ang$ into its opposite1 s t ! truly religi\s man lives at once 9 a free ob$i5ce & 9 an ob$i5t lib]ty4 ,if religion has (t5 be5 an oppressive p[] & an in/rum5t ( s]vitude1 x has be5 at lea/ z (t5 ! "m ( all ! lib]ties4 ,! =ce :i* b[s me d[n is t :i* also lifts me up1 = x passes into my s\l4 ,! ,god t ,i adore comes 9 ! end to be an inw>d ,god ^: pres5ce drives away all fe> & places me beyond ! rea* ( all ! m5aces ( ?+s4 ,! consci\s realisation ( ?is pres5ce ( ,god1--t is ! true salvation ( my be+ & my life4 ,i n[ und]/& :y natural religion is n a religion4 ,x deprives man ( pray]2 x leaves ,god & man at a di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,no intimate comm]ce1 no int]ior dialogue1 no ex*ange betwe5 !m1 no action ( ,god 9 man1 no return ( man to ,god4 ,at bottom1 ?is pret5d$ religion is no?+ b philosophy4 ,x arises 9 p]iods ( rationalism1 ( criticism1 ( imp]sonal reason1 & has nev] be5 any?+ b an ab/raction4 ,! ?ree dogmas 9 :i* x is summ$ up--! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ! obligation ( duty--are b ! inorganic residue1 ! caput mortuum1 f\nd at ! bottom ( ! crucible 9 :i* all positive religions are dissolv$4 ,?is natural religion1 s call$1 is n f\nd 9 ,nature2 x is no m natural ?an x is religi\s4 ,a lifeless1 artificial creation1 x %[s h>dly any ( ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( a religion4 ,= ! mom5t1 x may seem to h ! advantage ( escap+ ! attacks ( sci5tific criticism4 ,on trial1 x is f\nd to be less resi/ant ?an any o!r4 ,! self-same reason t con/ruct$ x de/roys x1 & its dogmas are p]haps m compromis$ to-day 9 face ( mod]n ?\ght ?an ^? x pr(esses to replace4 ,religion !n is inw>d pray] & deliv]ance4 ,x is inh]5t 9 man & c\ld only be torn f 8 he>t by sep>at+ man f himself1 if ,i may s say1 & de/roy+ t :i* con/itutes humanity 9 him4 ,i am religi\s1 ,i repeat1 because ,i am a man1 & nei!r h ! wi% nor ! p[] to sep>ate myself f my k9d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,religion ,,& ,,revelation #a4 ,! ,my/]y ( ! ,religi\s ,life ,?\ w\ld/ n seek me had/ ?\ n already f\nd me4 ,9 ?is ^w t ,pascal he>d amid 8 re/less se>*1 ! :ole my/]y ( piety is disclos$4 ,if religion is ! pray] ( man1 x may be said t revelation is ! response ( ,god1 b only on condition t we add t ?is response is always1 9 g]m at lea/1 9 ! pray] itself4 ,?is ?\ght /ruck me l a fla% ( light4 ,x 0 ! solution ( a problem t _h long appe>$ to me to be insoluble4 ,i _h nev] read )\t a c]ta9 am\nt ( d\bt1 & z an oratorical exagg]ation1 t promise made by ,jesus to ,8 disciples ) s /range an assurance3 ,ask1 & x %all be giv5 y3 seek1 & ye %all f9d3 knock1 & x %all be op5$ unto y4 ,= e "o t aske?1 receive?3 & he t seeke? f9de?2 & to him t knocke? x %all be op5$ 7,matt vii4 #g1 #h74 ,jesus _h exp]i5c$ a tru? ( :i* ,i am only beg9n+ to cat* sight3 no pray] rema9s unansw]$1 because ,god to :om x is address$ is ! ,"o :o has already inspir$ x4 ,! se>* = ,god _c be fruitless3 =1 ! mom5t ,i set out to seek ,him1 ,he f9ds me & lays hold ( me4 ,all[ me to reflect a little long] on ?is my/]y4 ,i seem z if ,i 7 li/5+ to ^! gospel words & promises = ! fir/ "t4 ,!y s\nd 9 my e>s l deep & solemn music :i*1 be>+ to me ! e*o ( ! religi\sly active s\l ( ,jesus1 br+s succ\r to my own4 ,! religi\s life1 !n1 is n a fix$ /ate2 x is a movem5t ( ! s\l1 x is a desire1 a ne$4 ,! love ( tru?1 is x n ! pr9ciple ( sci5ce8 ,to love tru? above all ?+s1 is n t 9 "s way to be already 9 ! tru?8 ,! po9t ( dep>ture1 ! inw>d beg9n+ ( a real righte\sness1 is n ?is rep5tance1 t is to say ! pa9 ( n be+ righte\s8 ,i und]/& n[ :y ! ,*ri/ has made humility & confid5ce ! sole conditions ( entrance to ,8 k+dom1 :y ,8 ,^w has made ri*es spr+ f pov]ty1 heal? f sickness1 & satisfaction f ! v int5sity ( ne$4 ,secret ( ! gospel1 my/]i\s laws ( _s1 pure moral ess5ce ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 p>adoxes :i* disconc]t ! man imm]s$ 9 ! ideas ( ! life ( s5se & self1 b :i* conta9 ! highe/ realities ( moral life1 reveal y\rselves ) ev]-gr[+ cle>ness to my consci\sness1 s9ce1 = me1 on ?is fir/ revelation all ! re/ dep5d6 ,i turn to ano!r ?\ght ( ,pascal4 ,piety1 he says1 is ,god s5sible to ! he>t4 ,if s1 x is evid5t t 9 all piety !re is "s positive manife/ation ( ,god4 ,! ideas ( religion & revelation are !re=e correlative & religi\sly insep>able4 ,religion is simply ! subjective revelation ( ,god 9 man1 & revelation is religion objective 9 ,god4 ,x is ! relation ( subject & object1 ( effect & cause1 organically unit$2 x is "o & ! same psy*ological ph5om5on1 :i* c nei!r subsi/ nor be produc$ save by _! conjunction4 ,x is z impossible to isolate z x is to conf\nd !m4 ,i conceive !re=e t revelation is z univ]sal z religion itself1 t x desc5ds z l[1 goes z f>1 asc5ds z high1 & accompanies x always4 ,no =m ( piety is empty2 no religion is absolutely false2 no pray] is va94 ,once m1 revelation is 9 pray] & progresses ) pray]4 ,f a revelation obta9$ 9 a fir/ pray] is born a pur] pray]1 & f ?is a high] revelation4 ,?us light gr[s ) life1 tru? ) piety4 ,?is makes x possible = me to ent] into communion & sympa?y ) all s9c]ely religi\s s\ls1 h[ev] simple & h[ev] crude or gross _! wor%ip & _! fai?2 b if ,i c compreh5d !m1 ,i _c always speak _! language or %>e _! ideas4 ,all religions are n equally good1 nor are all pray]s acceptable to my consci\sness4 ,to return to explod$ sup]/itions or to beliefs n[ recognis$ to be illusory is z mu* a moral impossibility z x w\ld be = a full-gr[n man to return to ! pu]ilities ( 8 *ildhood4 ,revelation !re=e is n a communication once = all ( immutable doctr9es :i* only ne$ to be held fa/4 ,! object ( ! revelation ( ,god c only be ,god ,himself1 & if a def9ition mu/ be giv5 ( x1 x may be said to consi/ ( ! creation1 ! purification1 & ! progressive cle>ness ( ! consci\sness ( ,god 9 man1--9 ! individual & 9 ! race4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ,i see v cle>ly t ! revelation ( ,god nev] ne$s to be prov$ to any "o4 ,! attempt w\ld be z contradictory z x is sup]flu\s4 ,two ?+s are equally impossible3 = an irreligi\s man to discov] a div9e revelation 9 a fai? he does n %>e1 or = a truly pi\s man n to f9d "o 9 ! religion he has esp\s$ & :i* lives 9 8 he>t4 ,) :at1 moreov]1 & h[ c\ld x be prov$ t light %9es except by =c+ ^? :o are asleep to awake & op5 _! eyes8 ,all s]i\s ,apologetics mu/ insi/ z a necess>y />t+-po9t on ! awak5+ & conv]sion ( ! s\l4 ,hav+ always be5 religi\s1 mank9d has nev] be5 de/itute ( revelation1 t is to say ( witness m or less obscure1 m or less correctly int]pret$1 ( ! pres5ce 9 x & ! action ( ,god4 ,b if m5 h always ma9ta9$ "s relation & "s comm]ce ) ! deity1 !y h n always repres5t$ 9 ! same mann] ! mode 9 :i* communications h be5 receiv$ f ,him4 ,! notion ( revelation has progress$ ) ! gr[? ( m5tal enlight5m5t & ) ! nature ( ! piety4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to criticise t notion & to see :at x has n[ become = u4 ,x is to ?is exam9ation t ,i %all devote ?is second m$itation4 ,! idea ( revelation has pass$ ?r\gh ?ree phases 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory3 ! my?ological1 ! dogmatic1 & ! critical4 #b4 ,! ,my?ological ,notion ( ,revelation ,among ! faculties ( man1 ! fir/ to awak5 9 ! m5tal life ( ! *ild & ( ! savage is ! imag9ation4 ,all lit]atures beg9 ) *ants1 all hi/ories ) leg5ds1 & all religions ) my?s or symbols4 ,poetry always makes its appe>ance be=e prose4 ,"o c only see ! effect ( an invet]ate rationalism 9 ! promptitude ) :i* m5 are sc&alis$ at any attempt to po9t out 9 ! ,bible or ar\nd ! cradle ( ,*ri/ianity leg5ds & my?s s]v+ z sacr$ vehicles = ! pure/ & sublime/ religi\s revelations1 z if ! div9e ,_s1 9 ord] to be intelligible to ! simple & ! ignorant1 c\ld n z well avail ,himself ( ! fictions ( poetry z ( logical reason+s1 ( ! *ants ( ! angels at ,be?lehem z ( ! rabb9ical exegesis & argum5tations ( ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,a my? is false 9 appe>ance only4 ,:5 ! he>t 0 pure & s9c]e ! veils ( fable always all[$ ! face ( tru? to %9e ?r\gh4 ,& :y s mu* disda98 ,does n *ildhood run on into maturity & old age8 ,:at are our mo/ ab/ract ideas b primitive metaphors :i* h be5 worn & ?9n$ by usage & reflection8 ,x is none ! less true1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 t 9 advanc+ 9 age we h left beh9d ! spee* & ?\ght ( infancy4 ,! fir/ m5 did n "k h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! sub/ance & ! =m ( _! beliefs4 ,?is di/9ction has become easy to u4 ,! mo/ cons]vative m9ds c no long] read ! /ories or ! monum5ts ( ! anci5t religions )\t criticis+ & translat+ !m4 ,! m5 ( o!r times1 timid & +5u\s z *ildr51 saw ev]y:]e mat]ial signs by :i* !y believ$ ! w ( ! gods 0 manife/$4 ,!y e>ly =m$ ! art ( div9ation--an ess5tially religi\s art4 ,x is f\nd among all peoples1 ! anci5t ,hebrews n except$4 ,! ?und] 0 to !m ! voice ( ,god4 ,!y consult$ ,him by ! ,urim & ,?ummim1 & by ! sacr$ ephod4 ,!y did n d\bt1 any m ?an ! ,greeks1 ei!r ! div9e orig9 or ! prophetic s5se ( dreams4 ,else:]e !y evok$ ! dead1 !y int]rogat$ ! flight ( birds1 !y li/5$ to ! s\nd ( ! w9d 9 ! foliage ( ! oaks1 or to ! noise ( wat]s 9 sonor\s cav]ns4 ,t 0 an ext]nal &1 9 "s sort1 physical conception ( revelation1 f :i* mod]n peoples h escap$1 b ) :i* all set out4 ,9 ! olde/ traditions ( ,hebraism1 ,god speaks to ,adam1 to ,noah1 to ,abraham1 to ,moses1 z "o man speaks to ano!r1 by articulate s\nds p]ceiv$ by ! e>4 ,! sacr$ =mula1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 s]ves z ! uni=m introduction to civil1 political1 & ritual1 z well z to moral & religi\s1 laws4 ,religion !n embrac$ & regulat$ all ! life4 ,! great empires ( antiquity all claim a div9e orig94 ,z to anci5t legislations1 !re is n "o t is n said to h come f heav54 ,! ,egyptians ref] !irs to ! god ,?o? or ,h]mes2 ,m9os1 9 ,crete1 is said to h receiv$ 8 laws f ,jupit]2 ,lycurgus1 9 ,sp>ta1 f ,apollo2 ,zoroa/]1 9 ,p]sia1 f ,ahura ,mazda2 ,numa ,pompilius1 at ,rome1 f ! nymph ,eg]ia4 ,moses does n /& alone4 ,i am n "h comp>+ ! value ( ! ?+s2 ,i am simply po9t+ out ! id5tity ( ! repres5tations4 ,nor 0 x only religi\s & political in/itutions t !y ref]r$ to ! w ( ! gods2 !y ref]r$ to x all k9ds ( decisions & ent]prises2 decl>ations ( w>1 raids to make1 ! ord] ( battle1 ! ext]m9ation ( ! vanqui%$1 ! %>+ ( ! spoils1 conditions ( peace1 expiations to be made2 ev]y?+ 0 done 9 ob$i5ce to sup]natural ord]s ! au!nticity ( :i* no "o ?\ght ( discuss+4 ,9 ! same way1 a div9e inspiration expla9$ ! gift ( pr$ict+ ! future1 ! eloqu5ce ( orators1 ! sagacity ( /atesm51 ! g5ius ( great soldi]s1 ! v]ve ( poets1 & ev5 ! skill ( ! m fam\s artisans4 ,leg5ds6 x is said4 ,no d\bt4 ,b ^! leg5ds are univ]sal4 ,m5 speak ev]y:]e ! same language1 because ev]y:]e !y ?9k 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,a great progress1 h[ev]1 is accompli%$ 9 ,israel4 ,! notion ( revelation gradually becomes int]ior & moral4 ,among ! prophets1 revelation is conceiv$ ( z ! action ( ! ,_s ( ,jehovah ent]+ & act+ 9 ! _s ( man4 ,x is true t ! my?ical conception /ill p]si/s & betrays itself 9 ?is3 div9e inspiration is repres5t$ z ! invasion ( a human be+ by ano!r be+ ali5 to him1--z a sort ( m5tal ali5ation or possession4 ,! div9e ,_s is repres5t$ z a =ce :i* comes f )\t1 a w9d f above :i* no "o c resi/1 ( :i* ! elect are z mu* ! victims z ! organs4 ,its action is measur$ by ! agitation & commotion ( ! inspir$1 by ! disord] ( _! faculties1 by ! incoh]5ce ( _! ge/ures & _! spee*4 ,! delirium ( man becomes ! sign ( ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,madm51 valetud9>ians1 epileptics1 are reg>d$ almo/ ev]y:]e z ! fav\rites ( ,heav54 ,_! /range words or acts m5 believe to be div9e oracles deliv]$ unconsci\sly & aga9/ ! w4 ,?is viol5t opposition betwe5 ! sup]natural action ( ! div9e ,_s & ! normal ex]cise ( rational faculties is gradually att5uat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ages4 ,x is easy to see t 9 ! great prophets ( ,israel ! =mula ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 :ile /ill frequ5t & /ill express+ ! same subjective c]titude ( inspiration1 has become a simple rhetorical =m4 ,god speaks h5ce=? to ,8 p by _! eloqu5ce1 by _! fai?1 by _! g5ius4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l ,god is ^u me1 cries ! second ,isaiah2 because ! ,"l ha? ano9t$ me to prea* good tid+s to ! meek1 etc4 7,is4 lxi4 #a-c74 ,?is evolution appe>s to h be5 complet$ 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/4 ,"h inspiration ceases to be miracul\s )\t ceas+ to be sup]natural4 ,x is no long] produc$ by fits & />ts or int]mitt5tly4 ,an anci5t gospel 7,! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews7 admirably m>ks ?is *ange4 ,at ! mom5t ( ,8 baptism ! ,holy ,_s says to ,jesus3 ,mi fili1 te exspectabam 9 omnibus prophetis1 ut v5ires et requiesc]em 9 te4 ,tu enim es requies mea4 7,my ,son1 9 all ! prophets ,i await$ ,?y com+ 9 ord] t ,i might repose 9 ,!e4 ,?\ art inde$ my re/47 ,be+ cont9u\s1 ! inspiration becomes normal4 ,! anci5t conflict betwe5 ! div9e ,_s & ! human vani%es4 ,! imman5t & con/ant action ( ! "o manife/s itself 9 ! regul> & fruitful action ( ! o!r4 ,god lives & works 9 man1 man lives & works 9 ,god4 ,religion & ,nature1 ! voice div9e & ! voice ( consci5ce1 ! subject & ! object ( revelation1 p5etrate ea* o!r & become "o4 ,! supreme revelation ( ,god %9es =? 9 ! highe/ ( all consci\snesses & ! lovelie/ ( human lives4 ,?is progress1 is x n admirable8 ,%\ld x n /rike ! att5tion all ! m inasmu* z1 in/ead ( be+ ! effect ( rational criticism1 x is1 9 ,*ri/ianity1 exclusively ! "w ( piety8 ,?is1 become m pr(\nd1 has conqu]$ ! anci5t anti!sis creat$ by ! ignorance ( e>ly times4 ,dive/+ itself m & m ( =eign & inf]ior elem5ts1 ! idea ( revelation has be5 f\nd to be m human z x has become m inw>d1 m con/ant1 m /rictly moral & religi\s4 ,*ri/ has n giv5 u a critical !ory ( revelation2 ,he has done :at is bett]2 ,he has giv5 u revelation itself--a p]fect & p]man5t revelation2 ,he pres5ts ,god & man to u s intimately unit$ 9 all ! acts & mom5ts ( ,8 inn] life1 t !y become insep>able4 ,! ,fa!r acts 9 ,8 ,son1 & ! ,son reveals ! ,fa!r to all :o wi% to "k ,him4 ,?\gh he /ill reta9$ _m remnants ( ! anci5t my?ological notion 7visions1 dreams1 ec/asies1 delirium ( tongues71 ! ,apo/le ,paul seiz$ ) en]gy ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 & prop\nd$ ! !ory ( x ) a sacr$ boldness4 ,t !ory consi/s 9 ! effusion & habitation ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! s\ls ( ,*ri/ians :o1 9 _! turn1 become *ildr5 ( ,god1 & enjoy1 by ?is ,_s1 ! same direct & p]man5t communion ) ! ,fa!r4 ,?is ,_s is no long] an ali5 gue/ or a p]turb+ =ce2 ,he becomes 9 u a second nature4 ,t is :y ! ,*ri/ian is set free f all ! old tutelages2 he judges ev]y?+ & is judg$ by no?+2 he has 8 law )9 himself1 s t f ?is inspiration spr+s 8 autonomy & 8 lib]ty4 ,b nei!r ?is spiritual piety nor ! l(ty conception :i* fl[s f x c\ld long be su/a9$4 ,preoccupi$ 9 f\nd+ its au?ority1 & only be+ able to succe$ 9 x by return+ to ! idea ( an ext]nal revelation1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* made x to consi/ *iefly 9 rules & dogmas1 &1 by ?is *ange1 x naturally trans=m$ ! my?ological notion ( revelation into a dogmatic notion n ess5tially diff]5t4 #c4 ,dogmatic ,notion ,! ,greeks1 said ,paul1 seek philosophy2 ! ,jews dem& miracles4 ,f ^! two t5d5cies comb9$1 f ,greek rationalism & ,hebrew sup]naturalism1 sprang ! new notion t may be summ$ up & def9$ ?us3 a div9e doctr9e legitimat$ by div9e signs or miracles4 ,^! two elem5ts ( ! !ory are mutually dep5d5t1 & =m an indivisible :ole4 ,giv5 to man 9 a sup]natural way1 ! doctr9e surpasses ! rea* ( ! human und]/&+2 h5ce x mu/ n be impos$ ^u ! m9d by its own evid5ce or exam9$ by natural reason4 ,! sup]natural doctr9e dem&s sup]natural pro(4 ,?is pro( c only be f\nd 9 ! miracles :i* h accompani$ ! doctr9e f its bir?4 ,?us my/]ies1 incompreh5sible 9 ! ord] ( reason1 w necess>ily be e/abli%$ by inexplicable ev5ts 9 ! ord] ( ,nature4 ,! !ory1 9 ?is way1 becomes coh]5t1 b x is n complete4 ,a ?ird t]m mu/ be add$4 ,! div9e doctr9e mu/ be embodi$ 9 a =m :i* di/+ui%es x f all o!rs1 & plac$ "u an au?ority t gu>antees x4 ,= ,prote/antism1 ! =m & ! au?ority ( revelation is--! ,bible2 = ,ca?olicism1 x is ! ,bible sov]eignly int]pret$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,! s*ola/ic notion ( revelation is n[ complete4 ,! doctors tea* u to di/+ui% ?ree ?+s 9 x3 ! object1 :i* is dogma2 ! =m1 :i* is ,scripture2 & ! pro( or crit]ion1 :i* is miracle4 ,?is con/ruction appe>s to be compact 9 all its p>ts2 9 reality x is s fragile & s artificial t x crumbles at a t\*4 ,to make ( dogma1 t is to say ( an intellectual datum1 ! object ( revelation is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to elim9ate f x its religi\s "* by sep>at+ x f piety1 & 9 ! next place x is to place x 9 p]man5t & irreconcilable conflict ) ! reason1 :i* is always progress+4 ,9 va9 d !y appe> to d$uce ?is s*ola/ic !ory f ! ,bible2 x is simply an unfai?ful translation ( ! ,biblical notion4 ,!y te> up f ! soil ( ! religi\s life ! revelation ( ,god 9 ord] to con/itute x into a body ( sup]natural v]ities1 subsi/+ by itself1 to :i* !y make x an obligation & a m]it to adh]e1 sil5c+1 if ne$s be1 bo? ! judgm5t & ! consci5ce4 ,fai?1 :i*1 9 ! ,bible1 0 an act ( confid5ce & consecration to ,god1 becomes an intellectual adh]5ce to an hi/orical te/imony or to a doctr9al =mula4 ,a mortal dualism />ts up 9 religion4 ,x is admitt$ t or?odoxy may exi/ ap>t f piety1 t a man may obta9 & possess ! object ( fai? ap>t f ! conditions t fai? presupposes1 &1 at a pu%1 s]ve div9e tru? :ile inw>dly an unbeliev] & a reprobate4 ,get rid ( ?is illusion1 frivol\s & irreligi\s man6 ,:atev] y\r au?orities 9 e>? or heav51 y are n 9 ! tru?1 because y are n 9 piety4 ,god has n spok5 any?+ to y4 ,to ! prophets ,he has spok51 d\btless1 & to ,*ri/ & ! apo/les & ! sa9ts2 to y ,he /ill rema9s a /rang] & unkn[n4 ,8 revelation has n be5 to y a light1 = y are walk+ 9 d>kness4 ,y are l ! ,jews :o built ! tombs ( ! prophets & cr[n$ _! memory ) empty hon\rs4 ,_h y be5 liv+ 9 ! "t ( ! m5 ( ,god1 y w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to /one !m4 ,?is idea ( revelation is at bottom entirely pagan4 ,9 ! region ( au!ntic ,*ri/ianity y _c sep>ate ! reveal+ act ( ,god f ,8 r$eem+ & sanctify+ action4 ,god does n enlight51 on ! contr>y ,he bl9ds ^? :om ,he does n save or sanctify4 ,let u boldly conclude1 !re=e1 aga9/ all traditional or?odoxies1 t ! object ( ! revelation ( ,god c\ld only be ,god ,himself1 t is to say ! s5se ( ,8 pres5ce 9 u1 awak5+ our s\l to ! life ( righte\sness & love4 ,:5 ! ^w ( ,god does n give u life1 x gives u no?+4 ,x is true t t pres5ce & t action ( ! div9e ,_s 9 our he>ts become 9 !m a light ^: rays illum9e all ! faculties ( ! s\l4 ,b d n hope to enjoy t light ap>t f ! c5tral sun f :i* x fl[s4 ,! s*ola/ic notion is n only irreligi\s2 x is anti-psy*ological4 ,9 ent]+ ! human und]/&+ ?is sup]natural k introduces into x a hopeless dualism4 ,! sacr$ sci5ces are set up alongside ! pr(ane sci5ces )\t its be+ possible to organise !m toge!r into a coh]5t & h>moni\s body1 = !y are n ( ! same nature1 !y d n proce$ f ! same me?od1 !y d n accept ! same control4 ,y h ?us a sacr$ cosmogony & a pr(ane cosmogony1 a sacr$ hi/ory ( ! orig9s ( man & a purely human hi/ory ( 8 beg9n+s1 & ( 8 fir/ adv5tures1 a div9e metaphysic & ano!r purely rational4 ,h[ to make !m live toge!r & unite !m8 ,if1 by a subtle !ology1 y succe$ 9 rationalis+ dogma1 d y n see t y de/roy x 9 its v ess5ce8 ,if y demon/rate t x is ess5tially irrational1 d y n feel t y are in/itut+ an endless w>f>e betwe5 ! au?ority ( dogma & ! au?ority ( reason8 ,"o rememb]s ! g5]\s attempt ( m$iaeval s*ola/icism1 tak5 up aga9 by ! ,prote/ant !ologians ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & "o has n =gott5 its twice fatal issue4 ,"o w\ld ne$ to h no notion ( ! laws ( human ?\ght to be a/oni%$ at x4 ,nom9alism 9 ! fifte5? c5tury & rationalism 9 ! eighte5? 7 ! two natural heirs ( or?odoxy4 ,! int]v5tion ( miracle z a crit]ion or pro( ( doctr9e does n remove ! difficulties ( ! !ory2 x multiplies & aggravates !m4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! lapse ( "t1 ! inc]titude ( ! docum5ts1 & ! dem&s ( mod]n ?\ght1 miracle1 :i* =m]ly e/abli%$ ! tru? ( religion1 has become mu* m difficult to demon/rate ?an religion itself4 ,! relation betwe5 ! two has be5 rev]s$4 ,! f\ndation ( ! edifice has become m ru9\s ?an ! build+4 ,examples8 ,consid]1 !n1 on ! "o h&1 ! ,decalogue1 & on ! o!r ! ?und]s & lightn+s ( ,s9ai4 ,peals ( ?und] may h s]v$ to conv9ce ! ,hebrews t ! law ( ,moses came f ! ,et]nal2 = !y look$ ^u ?und] z reveal+ ! pres5ce1 9 "s sort mat]ial & local1 ( _! ,god4 ,b :o does n see t x is mu* easi] to-day to prove ! excell5ce & ! tru? ( ! ,t5 ,words ( ! ,law ?an ! div9e "* ( ! mo/ t]rible ( tempe/s8 ,make ! opposite exp]im5t3 y are famili> ) ! ,books ( ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,k+s4 ,y h read 9 !m ^? ord]s issu$ by ,jehovah = ! total ext]m9ation ( peoples ^: crime 0 ! def5ce ( _! c\ntry aga9/ ! invad]s4 ,prodigies ab\nd 9 !m3 ! walls ( ,j]i*o fall d[n at ! s\nd ( trumpets1 etc41 etc4 ,are ^! ev5ts suffici5t to w>rant u 9 admitt+ ! affirmation ( ! ,hebrew hi/orian t ^! t]rible reprisals1 ^! crimes & viol5ces1 :i* 7 !n common 9 all ! ,semitic tribes1 7 comm&$ ei!r by ! heav5ly ,fa!r ( ,jesus ,*ri/ or by ! imp>tial ,god ( ! univ]se8 ,our consci5ce resi/s & prote/s4 ,prodigies ! mo/ brilliant _c make x d viol5ce to itself or b5d ! law ( righte\sness & love b5ea? any manife/ation1 h[ev] /rik+1 ( brute =ce4 ,let u g fur!r2 let u come to ! miracles ( ,*ri/4 ,let u int]rogate ! be/ ,*ri/ians ( our "t3 let u ask ourselves1 ,is x ! cures t ,jesus wr\ght :i* make u believe to-day 9 ! div9e tru? ( ,8 ^w or :i* give au?ority to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 ,is x n r ! ,gospel t helps u to believe 9 ! miracles by p]suad+ u t a man :o spake l ?is man mu/ h be5 able to d ?+s & "w works z beautiful & z wond]ful z ! words :i* ,he spoke8 ,! mo/ cons]vative ,apologi/s ( ! traditional s*ool confess to-day t miracle has lo/ its evid5tial =ce2 x might move ^? :o witness$ x1 b its action & its pre/ige h necess>ily be5 dim9i%+ day by day = ! g5]ations :i* h foll[$ !m4 ,:at if we 7 to press ! idea ( miracle itself :i* is 9 process ( vani%+ 9 proportion z ! idea ( ,nature is trans=m$8 ,:at is ,nature8 ,:o kn[s its secrets & its limits8 ,! !ory ( ! evolution ( ?+s & be+s1 does x n %[ ,nature to u z 9 travail1 & z if p]petually giv+ bir? to m>vels8 ,& if ?is creative en]gy :i* is 9 x c only religi\sly be ref]r$ to ! con/ant activity ( ,god 9 ! univ]se & 9 hi/ory1 h[ c we /ill oppose ! laws ( ,nature to ! w ( ,god8 ,moreov]1 no?+ is to-day m indet]m9ate1 m impossible to def9e ?an ! notion ( miracle2 x floats )\t ev] be+ able to fix itself1 betwe5 ! idea ( an absolute violation ( ! laws ( ,nature n[ no long] witness$ any:]e1 to t entirely relative "o ( an extraord9>y ev5t1 :i*1 see+ t x may be enc\nt]$ ev]y:]e1 no long] proves any?+4 ,la/ly1 if f ! object & ! crit]ion ( revelation1 we pass to ! =m :i* cons]ves & w>rants x1 i4e4 to ! ,bible1 que/ions become /ill m num]\s & insoluble4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! notion ( ! ,bible & t ( revelation 7 co9cid5t & comm5surate4 ,b ?is id5tity dep5d$ ^u two dogmas mu* impair$ to-day4 ,! "o 0 ! div9e orig9 ( ! two ,biblical ,canons1 i4e4 ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts3 ! o!r1 ! v]bal inspiration ( all holy ,scripture1 consid]$ z div9ely dictat$4 ,hi/ory & exegesis h dissipat$ ! illusions & ! ignorance on :i* ^! two /range affirmations re/$4 ,! ,bible appe>s to u z ! "w1 sl[ly & labori\sly con/ruct$1 ( ! anci5t ,jewi% ,synagogue1 & ( ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x ne$$ m ?an f\r c5turies to e/abli% & to delimitate ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! books :i* compose x 7 /ill 9 ! "t ( ,eusebius divid$ into two classes3 books admitt$ ev]y:]e & books conte/$4 ,:y !n %\ld we n h ! same lib]ty z ,orig5 ( d\bt+ ! au!nticity ( #b ,pet]1 e4g41 or z ,d5is ( ,alex&ria 9 discuss+ ! apo/olic orig9 ( ! ,apocalypse8 ,z to ! !ory ( v]bal inspiration1 :i* makes ! sacr$ writ]s ,god's p5m5 m]ely1 no savant n[adays c def5d x1 s ?or\ghly h biblical /udies set =? ! p]sonal orig9ality ( ea* ( !m1 & ! m]its or ! imp]fections ( _! works4 ,moreov]1 ! di/9ction cle>ly made 9 all ! s*ools betwe5 ! sacr$ writ+s & revelation mu/ be consid]$ z an inali5able conque/ ( mod]n !ology4 ,!re is no "o n[ :o does n admit ?is tru?1 :i* w\ld h seem$ intol]able to our fa!rs1 namely1 t ! ^w ( ,god is 9 ! ,bible1 b t all ! ,bible is n ! ^w ( ,god4 ,if ?is be s "o sees new que/ions surg+ up & await+ solution4 ,:at is ! relation ( ! ^w ( ,god to ! ,bible8 ,by :at sign may we recognise ! fir/ & di/+ui% ! second8 ,fur!r1 if !re be any ^w ( ,god outside ! ,bible1 if !re has be5 any revelation ( ,god beyond ! limits ( ! ,hebrew p & primitive ,*ri/ianity--& h[ c we d5y ?is )\t d5y+ ! wor? ( religion8--:at relation is !re to e/abli%1 & :at syn!sis to make1 betwe5 ! biblical revelation & ! o!r revelations suit$ to ! v>i\s human families8 ,la/ly1 :at place does ! religion ( ,jesus occupy 9 ! religi\s evolution ( humanity8 ,mod]n !ology seems deaf to ^! que/ions4 ,despair+ ( a solution1 x hesitates to approa* !m4 ,b !y mu/ be answ]$4 ,contempor>y philosophy presses !m ^u ! consci5ce ( ,*ri/ians4 ,! s*ola/ic !ory1 x is cle>1 _c br+ any solution to ^! new problems4 ,z soon z ! di/9ction is made 9 our consci\sness betwe5 ! ^w ( ,god & ! lett] ( holy ,scripture1 ! fir/ becomes indep5d5t ( all human =m & ( all ext]nal gu>antee4 ,x is ) x z ) ! light ( ! sun4 ,x is only recognis$ by ! brightness ) :i* x floods u4 ,b take c>e to introduce ?is crit]ion ( religi\s & moral evid5ce into ! s*ola/ic !ory is to deposit an explosive 9 ! he>t ( x :i* %att]s x to atoms4444 ,i leave to o!rs ! task ( mask+ or repair+ ! ru9s4 ,a task m urg5t & m fruitful awaits u4 ,we mu/ build up1 on a new pr9ciple1 a new !ory ( revelation1 a !ory t w at once be> ! te/ ( criticism & give satisfaction to piety4 #d4 ,psy*ological ,notion ,to return to psy*ology4 ,9 all piety !re is "s positive manife/ation ( ,god4 ,o!rwise1 "o might "q ! value ( religi\s ph5om5a4 ,?ree consequ5ces foll[3 ! revelation ( ,god w be evid5t1 int]ior1 progressive4 ,x w be int]ior1 because ,god1 n hav+ ph5om5al exi/5ce1 c only reveal ,himself to _s1 & 9 ! piety t ,he ,himself inspires4 ,if reveal]s & prophets believ$ !y he>d ! voice ( ,god outside !mselves !y 7 ! victims ( a psy*ological illusion t analysis disc]ns & dissipates4 ,! old !ologian 0 "r :o said3 ,nulla fides si non primum ,deus ipse loquitur2 ,nulla que v]ba ,dei nisi quae 9 p5etralibus audit ,ipsa fides4#a ,?is int]ior revelation is only made1 x is true1 9 connection ) "s ext]nal ev5t ( ,nature or ( ,hi/ory4 ,if wond] is ! beg9n+ ( philosophy x is also ! comm5cem5t ( piety4 ,religi\s emotion does n spr+ up by *ance & unconditionally4 ,b ext]nal signs are only reveal]s = ^? :o "k h[ to compreh5d !m1 & :o are able to int]pret !m 9 a religi\s s5se4 ,t is :y ! di/9ction sometimes made betwe5 ! manife/ation ( ,god 9 ?+s & div9e inspiration 9 consci\sness1 betwe5 ! sign or ext]nal miracle & ! inw>d ^w1 is ( little wor? except = p$agogic purposes4 ,! manife/ation ( ,god 9 ,nature or 9 ,hi/ory is always a matt] ( fai?4 ,x w\ld only appe> to be su* 9 ! light on ! he>? ( consci\sness4 ,put out t inn] light & ev]y?+ spe$ily becomes obscure3 ,if ! light t is 9 !e be d>kness1 !re w be d>kness r\nd ab\t !e1 says ,jesus4 ,to ! deaf man ! univ]se is mute4 ,! />ry heav5s :i* b5t ! p5sive br[s ( ,newton & ( ,kant be=e ! maje/y ( ,god1 said no?+ to ,laplace4 ,lit up )91 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ saw ev]y:]e ! signs ( ,god4 ,caiaphas saw none4 ,9 ! cross ( ,jesus1 :]e ,/4 ,paul disc]n$ ! manife/ation ( ! wisdom & ! p[] ( ,god1 ! ,ph>isees _h only se5 ! cru%+ pro( t ?is ,messiah 0 a m]e impo/or4 #a ,!re is no fai? save 9 ! he>t :]e ,god has fir/ made ,himself he>d1 & !re are no div9e words except ^? :i* fai? he>s 9 ! inmo/ sanctu>y ( ! s\l4 ,?is inw>d revelation w be also evid5t4 ,! contr>y w\ld imply a contradiction4 ,he :o says revelation says ! veil )drawn1 ! light come4 ,true1 ! ^w my/]y is (t5 on ! lips ( ,jesus1 & 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 b1 :5 appli$ to ! ess5ce ( ! ,gospel x nev] has ! mean+ :i* is giv5 to x lat] 9 ! language ( !ology4 ,! my/]y ( :i* ,jesus1 ,paul1 & ! ,apo/les speak is a reveal$ my/]y1 i4e4 a my/]y :i* has become evid5t to pure he>ts & pi\s s\ls ?r\gh ! public prea*+ ( x4 ,! ,gospel is n obscurity2 x is daylight1 & x is nons5se to dem& a crit]ion ( evangelical revelation o!r ?an itself1 any o!r evid5ce1 i4e41 ?an its own tru?1 beauty1 & effici5cy4 ,la/ly1 ?is revelation w be progressive4 ,x w be develop$ ) ! progress ( ! moral & religi\s life :i* ,god begets & n\ri%es 9 ! bosom ( humanity4 ,! ^w ( ,god is n t ( a poor human f\nd] :o =mulates 9 ab/ract t]ms ideas :i* are b ! pale %ad[s ( ?+s4 ,x is ess5tially creative4 ,x c>ries ) x all ! sub/ance ( be+ & all ! pot5cy ( life4 ,x realises t :i* x proclaims1 & nev] manife/s itself except by its works4 ,:5 ,god wi%$ to give ! ,decalogue to ,israel1 ,he did n write ) ,8 f+] on tables ( /one2 ,he rais$ up ,moses1 & f ! consci\sness ( ,moses ! ,decalogue sprang4 ,9 ord] t we might h ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 !re 0 no ne$ to dictate x to ! ,apo/le2 ,god _h only to create ! p[]ful individuality ( ,saul ( ,t>sus1 well kn[+ t :5 once ! tree 0 made ! fruit w\ld foll[ 9 due c\rse4 ,! same ) ! ,gospel2 ,he did n drop x f ! sky2 ,he did n s5d x by an angel2 ,he caus$ ,jesus to be born f ! v bosom ( ! human race1 & ,jesus gave u ! ,gospel t _h blossom$ 9 ,8 inmo/ he>t4 ,?us ,god reveals ,himself 9 ! great consci\snesses t ,8 ,_s raises1 fills1 illum9es "o by "o2 !y =m a sacr$ !ory ?r\gh ! ages & leave on hi/ory a track ( light :i* bright5s1 broad5s to ! p]fect day4 ,a new & grav] problem "h arises4 ,?is revelation1 made 9 ! dep?s ( ! human s\l1 rema9s individual & subjective4 ,h[ w x become objective & concrete8 ,h[ w x be made an educat+1 sav+ p[]8 ,?is problem w\ld be insoluble if ,leibniz 0 "r1 if human s\ls 7 indep5d5t monads1 clos$ aga9/ & imp5etrable to "o ano!r1 if x _h be5 necess>y1 9 a ^w1 to reg>d !m z absolute entities1 posit$ f ! beg9n+ by ! ,creator4 ,b !y are no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,social philosophy has suffici5tly demon/rat$ t no individual exi/s ei!r by himself or = himself alone4 ,9 ea* man x is humanity t is realis$--t is to say1 a moral life common to all4 ,moral goods are 9 ess5ce univ]sal4 ,!y d n exi/1 d\btless1 ap>t f ! consci\sness ( ! individual2 b no consci\sness acquires !m )\t acquir+ !m1 9 pr9ciple at lea/1 = all o!rs4 ,:5ce comes t religi\s k9%ip ( s\ls1 t facility ( communion betwe5 !m1 & t inf9ite ext5sion & prolongation ( "o & ! same inspiration1 if n f ! pres5ce 9 ea* ( ! same indwell+ ,god8 ,m5 are only divid$ by _! ext]nal idols4 ,9 proportion z !y plumb _! be+ & desc5d into ! dep?s ( _! spiritual nature1 !y discov] ! same alt>1 recite ! same pray]1 aspire to ! same end4 ,x is = ?is pr(\nd reason t individual revelations become univ]sal4 ,!re are only prophets *os5 ( ,god because !re is a g5]al vocation & election ( all m54 ,if humanity 7 n pot5tially & 9 "s degree an ,immanuel 7,god ) u71 !re w\ld nev] h issu$ f its bosom ,him :o bore & reveal$ ?is bless$ "n4 ,! religi\s exp]i5ce ,he pass$ ?r\gh1 ,he pass$ ?r\gh = u2 ! victory ,he won 0 = our advantage & is repeat$ indef9itely 9 e s9c]e s\l t jo9s itself to ,him to live ,8 life4 ,?us ! revelation ( ,god giv5 at "o po9t & 9 "o consci\sness infallibly %9es =?1 p]petuates & multiplies itself4 ,a vibration set up 9 a s\l res\nds 9 k9dr$ s\ls4 ,an illum9$ consci\sness illum9ates 9 turn4 ,!re are religi\s filiations1 j z !re are hi/orical g5ealogies4 ,?us ! inn] revelation becomes consi/5t & objective 9 hi/ory2 x =ms a *a91 a cont9u\s tradition1 & becom+ inc>nate 9 ea* human g5]ation1 rema9s n only ! ri*e/ ( h]itages1 b ! mo/ fecund ( hi/orical p[]s4 ,"o /ep m4 ,let u foll[ ?is hi/orical inc>nation ( religi\s tradition into its mo/ mat]ial =m4 ,! inn] exp]i5ces ( m5 ( ,god & ! witness ( !m t !y give to ! _w1 express !mselves naturally 9 spee*1 & ?is 9 its turn is trans=m$ into ,scripture4 ,x is 9 ?is way t 9 all civilis$ religions div9e revelation is pres5t$ to man 9 ! =m ( a sacr$ writ+2 ev]y:]e x is ga!r$ into collections ( sacr$ books :i* h be5 call$ ! bibles ( humanity4 ,:ile all ^! h be5 born accord+ to ! same psy*ological & hi/orical laws1 x does n foll[ t !y h all ! same value1 or t an un9tellig5t syncretism has ! "r to mix toge!r ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 !m to make ( !m "o common & *>act]less ,bible4 ,no2 ea* ( !m naturally belongs to a p>ticul> /age 9 ! ladd] ( div9e revelations1 & !re we mu/ leave !m4 ,! highe/ w always be t :i* conta9s ! deepe/ & pure/ expression ( inw>d religion1 & consequ5tly (f]s to man ! mo/ preci\s treasure4 ,! rank ( ! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian ,bible is ?us f\nd to be logically det]m9$ by ! moral wor? ( ! ,hebrew & ! ,*ri/ian religions4 ,b 9 leav+ hi/orical criticism & religi\s exp]i5ce to make "h ! necess>y demon/ration & r5d] x daily m evid5t1 we mu/ once m call to m9d ! always human conditions ( ^! writt5 collections1 ( ^? at ! top z well z ^? at ! bottom ( ! ladd]1 conditions :i* =bid u ev] to id5tify ! lett] & ! _s1 ! div9e inspiration & ! p>ticul> =m 9 :i* x has be5 clo!d4 ,god1 wi%+ to speak to u1 has nev] *os5 any b human organs4 ,) :atev] inspiration ,he has end[$ !m1 t inspiration has always !re=e pass$ ?r\gh human subjectivity2 x has only be5 able ei!r to express or to translate itself 9 ! language & ! turn ( m9d ( a p>ticul> individual & ( a p>ticul> "t4 ,n[1 no individual & hi/orical =m c be absolute4 ,if ! cont5ts are div9e1 ! vessel is always e>!n4 ,! organ ( ! revelation ( ,god necess>ily limits x4 ,x mu/ ( necessity accommodate itself to ! limits ( human receptivity4 ,h[ c\ld x possibly ent] & m+le ) ! *ang+ waves ( ! intellectual & moral life ( humanity unless x fl[$ 9 ! b$ ( ! riv] & betwe5 its banks8 ,h[ev] inconte/able ?is hi/orical complexity ( ! div9e & human elem5ts 9 religion1 mo/ m5 seem incapable ( compreh5d+ x1 & ( frankly accept+ x4 ,m5 ( little fai?1 we feel ourselves lo/ ! mom5t m5 take f u ! illusion t we ev] h be=e u & outside ( u ! div9e revelation 9 an objective & unadult]at$ =m1 :5 alongside au?ority & tradition !y make a place = ! fre$om & ! int]pretation ( consci\sness4 ,is !re !n "s *emi/ry by :i* we c sep>ate t :i* ,god has jo9$ s indissolubly8 ,has life ev] be5 se5 ap>t f liv+ be+s or light ap>t f lum9\s vibrations8 ,:y n make an ef=t to see t ! wisdom ( ,god is inf9itely great] ?an our own1 & t :at ,he has giv5 u is bett] ?an t ( :i* we dream$4 ,life & light1 ev5 if !y are n absolute1 propagate !mselves ) none ! less =ce4 ,la/ly1 :at is ! crit]ion by :i* y may recognise an au!ntic revelation ( ,god 9 ! books y read1 9 ! ?+s y are taught8 ,li/53 only "o crit]ion is suffici5t & infallible3 e div9e revelation1 e religi\s exp]i5ce fit to n\ri% & su/a9 y\r s\l1 mu/ be able to repeat & cont9ue itself z an actual revelation & an individual exp]i5ce 9 y\r own consci\sness4 ,:at _c ent] ?us z a p]man5t & con/itu5t elem5t into ! wo( ( y\r inn] life1 to enri*1 enfran*ise1 & trans=m x into a high] life1 _c be = y a light1 or1 consequ5tly1 a div9e revelation4 ,! _s ( life is n !re4 ,d n believe t ! prophets & f\nd]s h transmitt$ to y _! exp]i5ce 9 ord] to make y\rs ne$less1 or t _! revelation has be5 br\ght to y 9 a book = y to receive passively & z if x 7 an ali5 ?+4 ,religi\s tru? _c be borr[$ l money1 or1 r1 if y d s borr[ x y are none ! ri*]4 ,rememb] :at ! ,sam>itans said to ! woman3 ,n[ we believe1 n because ( ?y say+3 = we h he>d ,him ourselves1 & "k t ?is is inde$ ! ,*ri/1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w 7,john iv4 #db74 ,?us ! div9e revelation :i* is n realis$ 9 u1 & does n become imm$iate1 does n exi/ = u4 ,& ,i admire ! c\nsel ( ,god1 ,:o1 wi%+ to raise man into lib]ty1 did n give to him an objective revelation :i* w\ld h become to him a yoke ( bondage4 ,! aim ( tradition is lib]ty1 & lib]ty returns lov+ly to tradition :51 in/ead ( f9d+ x a yoke1 x sees 9 x only a help1 an alim5t1 a guide4 #e4 ,conclusion ,su*1 9 its pr9ciple1 & ) all its consequ5ces1 is ! new idea ( revelation giv5 to u by psy*ology & hi/ory4 ,be=e x vani% ! insoluble anti!ses & conflicts rais$ by s*ola/icism betwe5 sup]natural & natural revelation1 betwe5 :at ! !ologians call imm$iate & m$iate1 betwe5 a univ]sal & a special revelation4 ,syn!sis is made1 & peace is re-e/abli%$4 ,!re is n & c\ld nev] h be5 two revelations diff]5t 9 nature & oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,revelation is "o1 9 diff]5t =ms & v>i\s degrees4 ,x is at once sup]natural & natural3 sup]natural by ! cause :i* eng5d]s x 9 s\ls1 & :i*1 always rema9+ invisible & transc5d5t1 nev] exhau/s or imprisons itself 9 ! ph5om5a x produces2 natural1 by its effects1 because1 realis+ itself 9 hi/ory1 x always appe>s !re9 condition$ by ! hi/orical environm5t & by ! common laws :i* regulate ! human m9d4 ,?is revelation also is imm$iate = all1 = ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav51 z = ! greate/ ( ! prophets2 = ,god desires to admit !m all into direct & p]sonal communion ) ,himself2 & x is equally m$iate = all2 = x comes to none1 :e!r prophets or _! disciples1 unconditionally1 & )\t previ\s prep>ation4 ,la/ly1 x is n less false & futile to oppose univ]sal revelation to p>ticul> revelations z two exclusive quantities4 ,p>ticul> revelations ent] into g5]al revelation z v>ieties into species4 ,e special revelation1 if x be really f ,god1 is human1 & t5ds to become univ]sal2 e g5]al revelation 0 once individual1 = x c\ld only h be5 made 9 an individuality4 ,among ! m5 & peoples *os5 by ,god z organs !re is inequality 9 gifts b solid>ity 9 ! common "w4 ,we mu/ n mi/ake ! "o or ! o!r4 ,! religi\s vocation ( humanity does n exclude--x prep>es & supports--! p>ticul> vocation ( ,israel4 ,9 ?is national vocation !re is a place = t ( ! prophets1 &1 among ! prophets1 = ! vocation ( ,him :o 0 _! heir1 & 9 ,:om ! revelation ( ,god 0 complet$1 because 9 ,8 consci\sness 0 realis$ p]fectly ! v idea ( piety4 ,is ev]y?+ expla9$ 9 religion1 !n1 & no?+ left obscure8 ,f> f t6 ,!re rema9s ! gr\nd f :i* em]ges ! consci\s & moral life ( ! s\l2 !re rema9s t initial my/]y1 ! relation 9 our consci\sness betwe5 ! individual & ! univ]sal elem5t1 betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 betwe5 ,god & man4 ,h[ c we compreh5d _! co-exi/5ce & _! union1 & yet h[ c we d\bt x8 ,:]e is ! ?\ghtful man to-day :o has n brok5 ! ?9 cru/ ( 8 daily life1 & caught a glimpse ( ^? pr(\nd & obscure wat]s on :i* floats our consci\sness8 ,:o has n felt )9 himself a veil$ pres5ce & a =ce mu* great] ?an 8 own8 ,:at work] 9 a l(ty cause has n p]ceiv$ )9 8 own p]sonal activity1 & salut$ ) a feel+ ( v5]ation1 ! my/]i\s activity ( a univ]sal & et]nal p[]8 ,9 ,deo vivimus1 movemur et sumus4 ,!re is p]haps no o!r my/]y 9 religion2 at all ev5ts all o!rs are b p>ticul> =ms ( ?is4 ,b ?is my/]y _c be dissipat$1 =1 )\t x1 religion itself w\ld no long] exi/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,miracle ,,& ,,inspiration ,9 speak+ ( revelation we h already t\*$ on ! doctr9es ( inspiration & ( miracle1 :i* are dep5d5cies ( x1 &1 z x 71 con/itu5t p>ts4 ,b ^! two notions are /ill s obscure 9 ! public m9d1 & give rise to s _m & su* lively controv]sies1 t x may be well to return to !m & /udy !m by !mselves & 9 "s detail4 ,9 ?is matt] !re are two causes ( dispute & misund]/&+4 ,! fir/ is t ev]ybody believes he ought to beg9 by giv+ 8 own p]sonal & arbitr>y def9ition ( miracle1 & aft]w>ds expla9 by way ( d$uction :y he believes or does n believe 9 x4 ,! debate ?us turns on a "q ( t]m9ology--t is to say1 on a va9 & b>r5 logoma*y4 ,! second cause is t ! def5d]s ( miracle always keep to ab/ractions1 in/ead ( foll[+ _! contradictors on to ! gr\nd ( criticism ( miracul\s /ories & plac+ !mselves 9 pres5ce ( ! facts :i* alone make up ! matt] ( ! discussion4 ,!y believe !y h ga9$ ev]y?+ :5 !y h prov$ t ,god1 accord+ to ! v def9ition ( ! idea t we h ( ,him1 c d ev]y?+--:i* no "o d5ies--:ile ! problem consi/s n 9 kn[+ :at ,god c d 9 ab/racto1 b :at ,he has done 9 concreto1 9 ,nature & 9 ,hi/ory4 ,n[1 9 ord] to "k :at is really done1 & :e!r !re are or ev] h be5 produc$ ph5om5a :i* mu/ be ref]r$ to ! imm$iate int]v5tion1 & to a p>ticul> volition ( ,god1 indep5d5tly ( ! concurr5ce ( second causes1 ?is is evid5tly some?+ t only ! critical obs]vation ( facts1 pa/ or pres5t1 c tea* u4 ,e o!r me?od ( rese>* & discussion is illusory4 ,fai?ful to our own1 we "h place ourselves at ! hi/orical po9t ( view4 ,conv9c$ t ideas h a hi/ory1 & are mo/ cle>ly & surely def9$ by _! v evolution1 we %all conf9e ourselves to foll[+ & describ+ t evolution4 ,we %all seek 9 ! fir/ place to asc]ta9 ! notion ( miracle t 0 curr5t 9 antiquity2 aft] t we %all see :at became ( x 9 m$iaeval !ology2 & la/ly we %all see into :at elem5ts x has resolv$ itself 9 mod]n times1 z mu* at ! po9t ( view ( sci5ce z ( piety4 ,z religi\s inspiration1 prop]ly speak+1 is b a p>ticul> miracle1 a miracle ( ! psy*ological ord]1 ! solution available = ! "o w apply to ! o!r4 #a4 ,! ,notion ( ,miracle 9 ,antiquity ,! primitive conception ( ,nature 0 animi/ic4 ,9 ev]y?+ a/oni%+1 extraord9>y1 m5 us$ to see ! action ( spirits l !mselves1 ) :om _! religi\s imag9ation peopl$ ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 ! seas4 ,!y liv$ 9 miracle4 ,x w\ld be easi] to enum]ate ! ?+s t 7 n ?an ! ?+s t 7 to !m miracul\s4 ,! ^w ,nature1 :i* has become s famili> & s indisp5sable to designate ! regul> c\rse ( ?+s1 does n exi/ 9 primitive languages4 ,"o does n meet ) x ev5 9 ! language ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,?is is because ! conception x repres5ts only came into exi/5ce lat]1 & by a sl[ & labori\s process1 9 ! philosophy ( ! ,greeks4 ,! cosmos1 ord]$ & h>moni\s & fix$1 is ! sublime creation ( ,hell5ic reason4 ,else:]e1 no d\bt1 ) exp]i5ce ( life & ! daily return ( ph5om5a1 a c]ta9 ord]1 ! effect ( cu/om1 w\ld exi/ ar\nd man & be e/abli%$ 9 8 m9d4 ,he le>n$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! habitual c\rse ( ?+s & ! prodigies :i* caus$ him wond]1 fe>1 or hope1 & 9 :i* he always saw ! effect ei!r ( ! fav\r or ! ang] ( a demon or a god4 ,8 imag9ation1 to :i* 8 ignorance gave free play1 & 8 cr$ulity1 :i* religi\s t]ror held op5 to all impressions1 /ories1 leg5ds1 wrapp$ 8 life 9 an atmosph]e ( m>vel1 g5tle or t]rible1 b incessant4 ,eclipses1 e>?quakes1 ?und]1 lightn+1 ra9b[s1 deluges1 accid5ts1 maladies1 etc4--^! 7 ! "w ( p>ticul> actors1 p]sonal1 impassion$ l man1 hidd5 beh9d ! sc5es4 ,add to ?is ! inv5tions ( sorc]]s & prie/s2 444 transport y\rself into ?is fir/ eff]vesc5ce ( ! human faculties1 into ?is luxuriant vegetation ( poetical creation 9 ! e>ly human m9d1 & y w h "s idea ( :at1 = c5turies on c5turies1 mu/ h be5 ! m5tal /ate ( primitive hi/oric humanity4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! comp>ative pov]ty ( human conceptions1 t1 :5 y come to catalogue ^! m>vels1 y see !m r$uc$ to a small numb] ( miracles :i* turn up ev]y:]e & aga9 & aga9 among all peoples4 ,_! simil>ity approa*es to monotony4444 ,! "q = ! mom5t is n :e!r ^! miracul\s facts are real or n1 b h[ ! m5 :o h transmitt$ !m to u repres5t$ !m4 ,!re is no d\bt on ?is po9t4 ,to !m !y 7 n simply a/oni%+ facts t admitt$ ( a natural explanation4 ,mod]n !ologians & savants :o seek & f9d = !m explanations ( ?is k9d d n p]ceive t !y contradict !mselves1 & t to expla9 miracle 9 ?is way is to de/roy x4 ,no2 t :i* is miracul\s 9 ^! ev5ts--to ! contempor>ies ( ,t>qu9 9 ,rome1 ( ,jo%ua 9 ,pale/9e1 to ! p 9 our own day--is ?is1 t !y are produc$1 contr>y to ! natural c\rse ( ?+s1 solely by a special int]v5tion ( ! div9e w4 ,t is ! m>k & *>act]i/ic ( anci5t miracle4 ,efface x1 = any reason :atev]1 & miracle disappe>s4 ,t :i* makes x possible is ignorance ( ,nature & its laws3 t :i* supports x is ! religi\s belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ^! sup]natural wills & 9 _! unexpect$ invasion ( ! succession ( accu/om$ ?+s4 ,)\t ?is belief1 z ,m4 ,m5egoz rem>ks1#a ! bir? ( a my? or ( a leg5d c\ld n be expla9$4 ,/4 ,d5is1 decapitat$1 w\ld n h be5 able to c>ry 8 head4 ,9 fact1 ! miracles y f9d 9 ! apocryphal leg5ds are exactly ( ! same nature z ^? :i* are met ) 9 n>ratives held to be m hi/orical4 #a ,la notion biblique du miracle 7,lecon d'ouv]ture71 #ahid4 ,i mu/ add t ?is notion ( miracle is absolutely ! same 9 ,biblical z 9 pr(ane lit]ature4 ,9 a g5]al way1 no d\bt1 ! sup]natural 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel & 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity is ( a m sob]1 m pr(\ndly moral & religi\s "* ?an x is ev]y:]e else4 ,b ! sacr$ writ]s d n repres5t miracles diff]5tly4 ,)\t exception1 !y also conceive ( !m z a violation1 by a p>ticul> volition ( ,god1 ( ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s4444 ,/ill1 s f> f be+ m /rik+ or m num]\s1 miracles & prodigies 9 ! ,bible are r>] ?an else:]e1 cle>]1 less fanta/ic1 m "u law to consci5ce & to common s5se4 ,! wor%ip ( "o ,god1 invisible1 spiritual1 9 :om c5tres ! ideal ( wisdom1 reason1 righte\sness1 conceiv$ by ! prophets1 jo9$ to ! lack ( imag9ation 9 ! ,hebrew race1 has fre$ ! ,bible f ! luxuriant gr[?s ( ori5tal my?ologies & !ogonies1 z ( ! m>vell\s 9 ! poesy ( ,greece4 ,no?+ purifies ! m9d l a great moral idea ar\nd :i* all ! re/ organises itself4 ,x is v rem>kable t ! great prophets1 ,isaiah1 ,amos1 ,micah1 ,j]emiah1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 "w h>dly any miracles4 ,if prodigy has p5etrat$ into ! life ( ,jesus at two or ?ree po9ts1 ! explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! mi/akes or ! leg5d>y corruptions = :i* ,8 biograph]s are alone responsible1 & :i* criticism may elim9ate )\t viol5ce4 ,prodigy1 prop]ly s call$1 is q =eign to ! :olly moral conduct ( ,8 life1 & to ! /rictly religi\s conception ( ,8 "w4 ,he did n f\nd ,8 religion on miracle1 b on ! light1 ! consolation1 ! p>don & ! joy :i* ,8 gospel1 issu+ f ,8 holy1 lov+ he>t1 br\ght to brok5 & rep5tant s\ls4 ,8 works proce$$ only f ,8 *>ity4 ,f> f wi%+ to impose belief 9 ,8 miracles1 ,he (t5 =bids m5 to divulge !m4 ,x is to ! fai? ( ! afflict$ t ,he ref]s _! cure4 ,he turns away f ! s$uctive invitations ( miracul\s ,messianism z f ! di/ru/ or ! curiosity ( an incr$ul\s wisdom4 ,to ^? :o dem&$ ( ,him an indubitable prodigy come f heav51 ,he answ]s t no sign %all be giv5 !m save ! prea*+ ( rep5tance by ! prophet ,jonah4 ,! :ole temptation 9 ! wild]ness is simply a victory ( ! moral consci\sness ov] ! religion ( physical prodigy4 ,8 filial piety to ! ,fa!r rais$ ,him above miracle itself & above ! dualism t miracle supposes 9 ,nature & 9 ! div9e action4 ,he discov]s 9 ev]y?+ ! signs ( ! pres5ce1 ! w1 ! affection1 ( ,8 ,fa!r4 ,he accepts !m1 submits to !m1 celebrates !m1 )\t preoccupy+ ,himself ) ! ord9>y or ! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i* !y may be manife/$4 ,?is absolute piety1 absolutely pure & confid5t1 succe$s 9 realis+ ! unity ( ! _w & ! univ]sal & cont9u\s action ( ,god1 q z well z ! dialectic ( a ,scotus ,erig9us or a ,sp9oza or a ,hegel2 = x suppresses /ill m radically ! old & mortal anti!sis ( ! natural & ! sup]natural4 ,nature 9 its expansion & its evolution--:at is x b ! v expression ( ! ,w ( ! ,fa!r8 ,h[ c y imag9e !n t !re c\ld ev] be conflict 9 x betwe5 ! ord] :i* reigns 9 x & ! action ( ,him by :om t ord] is ma9ta9$ day by day & mom5t by mom5t8 ,if ! ?\ght ( ,jesus 0 b\nd$ by ! anci5t notion ( miracle1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ,8 piety 0 n imprison$ 9 x1 b w5t beyond x4 ,n hav+ come into ! _w to tea* sci5ce1 ,he cont5t$ ,himself ) ! op9ions ,he _h inh]it$ ) ! re/ ( ,8 p1 & :i* con/itut$ ! sci5ce ( ,nature ( ,8 little popul> environm5t1 )\t conc]n+ ,himself z to :e!r ^! op9ions 7 errone\s or correct4 ,miracle 0 n !n some?+ ess5tially religi\s z x is to-day4 ,belief 9 miracles 0 n a sign ( piety4 ,ev]ybody %>$ 9 x1 m5 ( ! _w z well z m5 ( ,god4 ,h]od believ$ 9 !m n less ?an ! apo/les4 ,! ,ph>isees did n d\bt !m2 !y only d5i$ ! miracles ( ,jesus2 !y attribut$ !m to ,beelzebub4 ,*ri/ did n d\bt any m ?an !y did t ,satan & ! demons wr\ght z _m & p]haps m miracles ?an ! mess5g]s ( ,god4 ,he did n wi% !m to believe ! doctr9e because ( ! prodigy1 b 9 ! prodigy because ( ! doctr9e4 ,x w be se5 h[ f> !y 7 at t "t f ! dualism ( our day1 & f ! conflict creat$ by s*ola/icism betwe5 sci5ce & piety4 ,:5 we exam9e ?is anci5t notion ( miracle1 especially 9 ! sup]ior expression x receives 9 ! ,bible1 we discov] 9 x two ?+s3 x is made up ( two judgm5ts ( a v diff]5t ord]3 ( an intellectual & sci5tific ord]1 disclos+ t :i* !n exi/$ 9 po9t ( fact1 a naif & p]fect ignorance ( ! nature & ! laws ( ?+s2 & ( a judgm5t ( a religi\s ord]1 imply+ an absolute confid5ce 9 an all-good ,god :o is almighty to respond to ! cry ( ,8 *ildr5 & to deliv] !m4 ,^! two judgm5ts are s ?or\ghly bl5d$ 9 ! biblical notion ( miracle t or?odox !ologians & irreligi\s philosoph]s agree 9 decl>+ !m to be insep>able1 & !y w\ld compel u to *oose betwe5 a piety ho/ile to ! elem5t>y results ( sci5ce1 & a sci5ce radically ho/ile to piety4 ,! dilemma is speci\s b false4 ,to see x vani% x is only necess>y to p]ceive t ^! two judgm5ts1 n be+ ( ! same nature1 _c be et]nally solidaire4 ,! settlem5t ( ! controv]sy 9 :i* ,*ri/ian ?\ght has be5 engag$ = ! la/ ?ree c5turies w consi/ 9 sep>at+ !m4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,! ,notion ( ,miracle 9 ! ,face ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce & ( ,piety ,mod]n sci5ce nei!r affirms nor d5ies miracle2 x ignores x1 necess>ily4 ,x is1 = x1 z if x did n exi/4 ,religi\s p]sons1 :o (t5 look t[>ds sci5ce to asc]ta9 :at _! fai? may hope or fe> f x1 only consid] its results1 & z ^! are nev] def9itive1 b always v>iable1 always be+ revis$1 enl>g$1 enri*$1 !y secretly indulge ! hope t a mom5t may come :5 sci5ce1 :i* has n yet welcom$ miracle1 w welcome x2 t su* a fact1 support$ by su* & su* te/imony1 w 9 ! end conqu] its resi/ances & obta9 a place 9 ! category or ! catalogue ( sci5tific facts4 ,!y w\ld quickly lose ?is illusion1 if1 turn+ away f ! net results ( sci5ce1 !y w\ld fix _! att5tion on its processes & me?ods ( inve/igation4 ,:at is x1 accord+ to sci5ce1 to "k a ph5om5on8 ,x is to place x 9 a necess>y l9k ( succession1 concomitance1 & causality ) o!r ph5om5a :i* expla9 x by analogy4 ,suppose a my/]i\s ph5om5on )\t analogy & connection ) any o!r2 savants br\ght into its pres5ce w decl>e !mselves simply 9 a /ate ( ignorance ) respect to x4 ,!y w say !y h n discov]$ ! cause ( x1 t !y _c expla9 x2 !y w /udy x on e side a ?\s& times if necess>y until !y h torn out ! he>t ( ! my/]y4 ,ei!r !y w succe$1 or on ?is po9t !re w nev] be sci5ce made or explanation e/abli%$4 ,savants1 x is true1 are ! fir/ to recognise & to proclaim1 9 all doma9s1 ! limitations ( _! k4 ,! mo/ advanc$ are ! mo/ mode/4 ,!y all h ! feel+ t _! discov]ies are b a beg9n+1 & t ! "p ( ,nature !y h explor$ is z no?+ to t ( :i* !y are ignorant4 ,!y hold !mselves 9 read9ess to modify ! laws !y h e/abli%$1 to enl>ge _! hypo!ses1 to make new ones1 to record all facts :i* obs]vation may supply4 ,t _m facts a/oni% !m & disconc]t !m1 we see e day4 ,b m>k ! attitude ( ! true savant 9 face ( ^! new ph5om5a4 ,does he d\bt a s+le mom5t t !y obey laws1 unkn[n p]haps1 b c]ta98 444 ,!re c only be sci5ce ( t :i* is g5]al & con/ant4 ,x is !re=e absolutely *im]ical to expect ( sci5ce ! e/abli%m5t ( any miracle :atev]4444 ,miracle1 accord+ to ! only t5able def9ition1 & ?is is ! anci5t & traditional "o1 is a positive int]v5tion ( ,god 9 ! ph5om5al ord] & at a p>ticul> po9t4 ,n[ sci5ce kn[s only second causes4 ,h[ c\ld x ev] seize 9 ! c\rse ( ^! causes ! imm$iate action ( ! ,fir/ ,cause8 ,is ,god a ph5om5on t ! eye ( man c ev] p]ceive 9 any ph5om5al s]ies8 ,& is n ?is ! reason :y sci5ce despairs ( ev] prov+ sci5tifically ! exi/5ce ( ,god8 ,x recognises itself to be impot5t to /ep out ( ! relative1 to resolve any?+ outside space & "t1 & x has remov$ f its doma9 all que/ions z to orig9 & aim1 because x has no means ( rea*+ !m4 ,to p]ceive ,god & ! action ( ,god 9 ! human s\l & 9 ! c\rse ( ?+s is ! bus9ess ( ! pi\s he>t 7,matt4 v4 #h74 ,! affirmation ( piety is ess5tially diff]5t f sci5tific explanation4 ,x places u 9 ! subjective & moral ord] ( life1 :i* no m dep5ds on ! ord] ( sci5ce ?an ! sci5tific ord] dep5ds on piety4 ,!re _c be conflict betwe5 ^! two ord]s1 because !y move on diff]5t planes & nev] meet4 ,sci5ce1 :i* kn[s its limits1 _c =bid ! act ( confid5ce & adoration ( piety4 ,piety1 9 its turn1 consci\s ( its prop] nature1 w n encroa* on sci5ce2 its affirmations c nei!r enri*1 impov]i%1 nor emb>rass sci5ce1 = !y be> on diff]5t po9ts & answ] diff]5t ends4 ,my *ild is ill2 ,i procure = x ! be/ advice & ! be/ rem$ies2 b confid+ 9 ,god's m]cy1 ,i beg ( ,him to sp>e me my *ild1 or1 9 any case1 to help me to accept ,8 w4 ,! *ild recov]s4 ,:at savant w =bid me to ?ank my heav5ly ,fa!r8 ,w ?is be because my ?anksgiv+ w be a d5ial ( ! sci5ce ( ! physician8 ,c]ta9ly n1 = my gratitude w include ! fact ( ! doctor1 ! m$ic9e1 ! c>e be/[$1 ! :ole s]ies ( second causes t h contribut$ to ! recov]y ( my *ild4 ,0 n ?is ! piety ( ,jesus :5 ,he taught u to pray3 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 ,heav53 ,?y w be done3 ,give u our daily bread8 ,0 ,he ignorant ( ! fact t 9 ord] to h bread we mu/ s[ :eat8 ,no2 b none ! less ,he ask$ ,8 food f ,god1 because ,he knew also t1 9 ! la/ resort1 x is ! w ( ,god t makes ! sub/ance & ! ord] ( ?+s1 t x is ,he :o clo!s ! lilies ( ! field1 fe$s ! f[ls ( ! air1 makes ,8 sun to %9e ^u ! evil & ! good1 & s5ds ^u ! lab\r]'s soil ! e>ly & ! latt] ra94 ,r$uc$ to its religi\s & moral significance1 miracle1 = ,jesus1 0 ! answ] to pray]1 z ,m4 ,m5egoz 7pp4 cit4 pp4 #ai-bi7 has cle>ly %[n1 & ?is altoge!r ap>t f ! ph5om5al mode 9 :i* ! answ] 0 produc$4 ,god only manife/s ,himself 9 extraord9>y ev5ts 9 ord] t we may le>n to recognise ,him 9 ord9>y ones4 ,! *ild asks1 ! fa!r grants2 b ! *ild does n tr\ble himself ab\t ! means by :i* 8 wi%es are gratifi$4 ,! pi\s man adores ! ways he _c compreh5d4 ,?is confid5ce 9 ! love & ju/ice ( ,god may be accompani$ 9 ! m9d ( ! apo/les & ( ,jesus ,himself by imp]fect or errone\s sci5tific ideas z to ! mode ( div9e action 9 ,nature4 ,b x is n solidaire1 ) !m1 & may easily be deta*$ 9 ord] to br+ x into h>mony ) ! views ( our pres5t sci5ce1 z 9 ! m9d ( ,jesus & ! apo/les x 0 9 h>mony ) ! sci5ce ( _! "t4 ,= piety1 ! laws ( ,nature :i* h s9ce !n be5 reveal$ to u 9 _! sov]eign con/ancy1 become ! imm$iate expression ( ! w ( ,god4 ,! ,*ri/ian submits to !m in/9ctively1 say+3 ,?y w be done4 ,:i* is only say+ t ^! laws1 :i* are sometimes spok5 ( ) a sort ( horror1 z ( a bl9d & brutal fate1 become religi\s & are consecrat$ 9 ! eyes ( piety by a div9e au?ority4 ,:y !n %\ld n piety (f] to sci5ce & its revelations ( ,nature ! same frank & joy\s welcome z t accord$ to !m by sci5ti/s !mselves8 ,! opposition e/abli%$ by s*ola/icism betwe5 fai? & sci5ce1 is x n z irreligi\s z x is irrational1 & has x n be5 "o ( ! *ief causes ( ! dea? ( !ology 9 ! ,*ur* & ( ! triumph ( incr$ulity 9 ! pres5t age8 ,:ile develop+ !mselves on p>allel l9es1 c sci5ce & fai? rema9 isolat$8 ,man is "o1 & 8 sci5tific activity1 l 8 religi\s activity1 t5ds to a syn!sis4 ,! syn!sis w be f\nd 9 a teleological consid]ation ( ! univ]se4 ,?is univ]sal teleology1 fai? pr$icts x1 sci5ce lab\rs to realise x4 ,x c only be e/abli%$ by ?is tw(old concurr5ce4 ,)\t fai?1 k ( ! univ]se is impossible2 )\t ph5om5al sci5ce all int]pretation ( ! univ]se becomes illusory4 ,fai?1 !re=e1 mu/ become m & m an act ( confid5ce 9 ,god1 & ! sci5tific /udy ( ph5om5a ev] m pr(\nd & rigor\s4 ,( c\rse ! teleological syn!sis w nev] be complet$ "h bel[1 b x w always f9d a provisional & satisfy+ conclusion 9 ! act ( confid5ce & adoration t[>ds ,god4 ,sci5ce is p]petually becom+4 ,if at times x closes to piety de> & famili> prospects1 x necess>ily & con/antly op5s new ones4 ,if x takes away its crut*es1 x gives x w+s4 ,! contemplation ( ! h>mony ( ! worlds :i* moves u religi\sly is1 x seems to me1 wor? m to mod]n ?\ght ?an ! fatidical oracle1 or ! cry ( ! cr[ t fright5$ ! good old woman ( ,rome4 ,! m sci5ce progresses ! m x puts into ?+s ! ord] & h>mony ( ?\ght4 ,x c only create a ,cosmos m & m intelligible &1 consequ5tly1 susceptible ( an increas+ly religi\s int]pretation4 ,at ! same "t z sci5ce in/itut$ its sev]e/ me?ods1 x radically trans=m$ its prim>y notion ( ,nature4 ,?is 0 conceiv$ by ! ,c>tesian ,rationalism z a f9i%$ & coh]5t :ole1 a sy/em ( id5tical movem5ts & ph5om5a :i* 7 produc$ by virtue ( ! same spr+s act+ 9 ! same circle 7! vortices ( ,desc>tes74 ,! famili> image "u :i* !y lov$ to repres5t x 0 t ( a wat*1 con/ruct$ & w\nd up by ! div9e artific] once = all4 ,n[1 we see ?is dogma ( ! immutability ( ,nature go+ to jo9 ! o!r dogmas ( ! pa/4 ,! !ory ( ! asc5sional evolution ( be+s1 :i* r5d]s miracle useless1 %[s ,nature to u 9 ! c\rse ( con/ant trans=mation & p]petual travail4 ,no?+ 9 x is /able or f9al4 ,ev]y?+ is prep>atory to some?+ else2 ea* =m ( life is ! preface to a high] =m4 ,:at !n is ! hidd5 my/]y :i* f]m5ts 9 ! bosom ( ?is pa9ful nature & endeav\rs to exp&8 ,! m _c issue f ! less1 said ! s*oolm51 & no d\bt 9 ab/ract logic !y 7 "r4 ,b reality smiles at logic4 ,x %[s u ev]y:]e ! triumph ( ! opposite maxim4 ,p]fection is at ! beg9n+ ( no?+4 ,cosmic evolution proce$s always f t :i* is poor] to t :i* is ri*]1 f ! simple to ! complex1 f ! homog5e\s to ! het]og5e\s1 f dead matt] to liv+ matt]1 f physical to m5tal life4 ,at ea* /age ,nature surpasses itself by a my/]i\s creation t resembles a true miracle 9 relation to an inf]ior /age4 ,:at !n %all we conclude f ^! obs]vations except t 9 ,nature !re is a hidd5 =ce1 an incomm5surable pot5tial en]gy1 an ev] op51 nev] exhau/$ f\nt ( app>itions at once magnific5t & unexpect$8 ,h[ c su* a univ]se escape ! teleological int]pretation ( religi\s fai?8 ,= ! mom5t1 sci5ce may accord no?+ m to piety2 b piety has no ne$ to ask m f x2 = x has already 9 ?is way f\nd safegu>d$ ! ?ree ?+s :i* ! old notion ( miracle gu>ante$ to x3 ! real & active pres5ce ( ,god1 ! answ] to pray]1 & lib]ty to hope4 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,religi\s ,inspiration ,pass+ by ! subject ( prophecy1 :i* is a species ( miracle1 & admits ( ! same k9d ( explanation1 x may be well to t\* ^u ! subject ( prophetic inspiration4 ,! anci5ts repres5t x z a v]itable /ate ( possession4 ,! _s ( ! god or demon viol5tly ent]$ into ! body ( a man or woman1 sometimes ( an animal1 & made ( x an organ ! m fai?ful 9 proportion z x 0 unconsci\s4 ,ev]ybody kn[s ! description giv5 by ,virgil ( ! ,cumaean sybil at ! mom5t ( vatic9ation3 ,! god1 ! god1 %e cri$1 etc4 7,a5eid ,,vi4 v4 #de et #gg47b ,x 0 a sort ( fr5zy or sacr$ delirium 9 :i* div9e words involunt>ily & sometimes unconsci\sly proce$$ f ! m\? ( ! possess$4 ,madm51 epileptics1 idiots1 hy/]ical p]sons1 7 reg>d$ almo/ ev]y:]e z sacr$ be+s1 fri5ds & confidants ( sup]ior spirits4 ,_! /range malady only seems explicable by ! pres5ce 9 !m ( "o ( ^! spirits4 #b ,cf4 ,plato1 ,m5o4 ,timaeus1 #de4--;,cic]o1 ,de ,div9 #a4 #b4 #ah4 #ca4 ,ari/otle1 ,problem1 xxx4 p4 #dgd4 ,! same ideas 7 curr5t among ! ,hebrews1 & are to be f\nd bo? 9 ! ,old & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! prophets ( ,ramah1 disciples ( ,samuel1 & ,saul himself1 putt+ !mselves by contagion into a /ate ( delirium & prophecy1 are 9 a physical & m5tal /ate id5tical ) t ( ! sybil ( ,cumae4 ,! demons 9 possession ( ! man :o 0 heal$ by ,jesus 7 ! fir/ to div9e & to salute ,8 messianic dignity4 ,! poor woman :om ,paul heal$ at ,philippi 0 haunt$ by a _s1 a ,py?on4 ,! speak]s ) tongues at ,cor9? 7 ?\ght by ^? pres5t to be mad1 & ^? at ,j]usalem on ! day ( ,p5teco/ look$ l drunk5 m5 7#a ,sam4 x4 #e-g3 ,m>k i4 #bd3 ,acts xvi4 #af-bj3 #a ,cor4 xiv3 ,acts ii4 #ac74 ,all ^! manife/ations1 =m]ly held to be sup]natural1 are n[ recognis$ z morbid ph5om5a1 ( :i* m5tal pa?ology describes ! physiological causes1 ! natural c\rse1 ! fatal issue4 ,ev5 9 frightful disord]s ord] has be5 discov]$2 laws & rem$ies h be5 f\nd = _m ( ^! sad afflictions4 ,=m]ly !y deifi$ ^! dem5t$ & torm5t$ s\ls2 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & up to ! eighte5? c5tury1 !y burn$ !m2 we pity !m & c>e = !m4 ,?is is mu* ! be/ = all conc]n$4 ,preoccupi$ ) gu>antee+ ! infallibility ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 ! !ology ( ! ,fa!rs1 ( ! s*ola/ic doctors1 & ( ! ,prote/ant doctors ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 drew f ?is anci5t notion ( religi\s inspiration a dogmatic !ory applicable to ! div9e oracles conta9$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,x seem$ to !m t ! m passive ! p]sonal _s ( ! writ]s 01 ! pur] w\ld be ! ^w ( ,god t !y 7 *>g$ to deliv] :5 x rea*$ u4 ,at ?is po9t ( view1 ! mo/ fai?ful organ ( ,god1 ! "o t ought to inspire u ) ! greate/ confid5ce1 w\ld be ,balaam's ass4 ,! writ] might be /upid1 exclaims ,gauss51 b t :i* came f 8 h&s w\ld always be ! ,bible4 ,"s h gone fur!r by way ( inv5t+ images borr[$ f ! mat]ial ord]1 su* z1 ! /r+s ( a lyre1 s\nd+ b5ea? ! div9e b[1 ! quills or p5s ( ! ,holy ,_s1 etc41 etc4 ,! !ory is famili>4 ,x 0 develop$ ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages until !y came to say t ,god 0 ! au?or & is alone responsible = ! ,bible1 & = ev]y?+ t is f\nd 9 x2 n only = ! ?+s & ?\ghts1 b also = ! words & /yle2 n only = ea* ^w1 b also = ! v[els & ! consonants4 ,x only rema9$ t !y %\ld h add$ ! punctuation1 n ! lea/ important matt] 9 a connect$ disc\rse4 ,unhappily1 ! punctuation is abs5t f ! olde/ manuscripts4 ,let u rem9d ourselves1 h[ev]1 t ,/4 ,paul1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ be=e him1 _h deposit$ ! g]m ( a conception ( religi\s inspiration m human1 m psy*ological1 &1 at ! same "t1 m real4 ,paul1 :o _h ec/asies1 visions1 tongues1 always spoke ( ^! d\btful privileges ) a c]ta9 mode/y1 & t only :5 he 0 con/ra9$ to x1 z if he _h ! feel+ t !re 0 some?+ abnormal & morbid 9 ^! ph5om5a4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he opposes to !m a !ory ( true ,*ri/ian prophecy conceiv$ z a =cible1 eloqu5t1 irresi/ible proclamation ( ! m]cy & ju/ice ( ,god2 prophecy on ! lips ( ! apo/le1 ! poet1 or ! orator1 spr++ f ! assurance giv5 him by ! inw>d witness ( ! ,holy ,_s t he is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! div9e ?\ght4 ,! =ce ( ?is inspir$ prophecy comes f ! lum9\s evid5ce :i* spr+s up )91 :i* w>ms & k9dles up ! _s l an inw>d fire4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is illum9ation ! apo/le feels 8 /r5g? increase t5fold2 he rises at a mighty b\nd above himself4 ,8 faculties are c>ri$ to _! maximum ( en]gy & p[]4 ,s f> f be+ an in]t1 passive in/rum5t1 8 intellect has nev] be5 int5s]1 ri*]2 8 ?\ghts m cle> & m coh]5t2 8 words m flu5t1 m abundant1 m pictorial & expressive2 8 voice m firm & resonant2 8 ge/ures m imp]i\s4 ,x is ! h\r :5 he is mo/ himself1 :5 8 p>ticul> g5ius has free/ play1 :5 8 moral orig9ality is greate/1 :5 he is mo/ c]ta9ly ! organ ( et]nal tru?4 ,?us und]/ood1 religi\s inspiration does n diff] psy*ologically f poetic inspiration4 ,x pres5ts ! same my/]y1 b x is n m miracul\s4 ,x is n produc$ l a tr\ble viol5tly introduc$ into ! psy*ical life f )\t1 b z a really fruitful =ce1 act+ f )91 9 h>mony ) all ! laws & =ces ( ! m9d4 ,does n exp]i5ce e/abli% & piety confirm ?is8 ,:5 does an ,amos1 an ,isaiah1 a ,j]emiah1 a ,/4 ,paul1 or a ,/4 ,john1 appe> to u z ! mo/ au!ntic be>] ( ! ^w ( tru? & life1 b 9 _! mo/ eloqu5t pages1 :]e _! p]sonal g5ius1 _! fai?1 _! ?\ght1 %9e =? mo/ freely8 ,religi\s inspiration is simply ! organic p5etration ( man by ,god2 b1 ,i repeat1 by an int]ior & indwell+ ,god1 & 9 su* wise t :5 t p5etration is complete1 ! man f9ds himself to be m really & fully himself ?an ev]4 ,x is ) ?is my/]i\s action ( ! ,_s 9 ! bosom ( humanity z x is ) ! sol> heat ^u ! plants t spr+ up f ! soil4 ,9 regions :]e ! heat is greate/ & ! o!r conditions fav\rable1 plants :i* else:]e are /unt$ atta9 _! ri*e/ developm5t & _! greate/ fecundity4 ,! inn] root ( ?is inspiration is only f\nd 9 ! piety common to religi\s m54 ,x diff]s f x n 9 nature1 b simply 9 int5sity & en]gy4 ,prophetic inspiration is piety rais$ to ! second p[]4 ,!re is no o!r my/]y 9 x ?an ! religi\s my/]y p> excell5ce4 ,t is :y ?is inspiration is ess5tial to & promotes effectually ! progress ( ! moral & religi\s life4 ,!y advance toge!r ?r\gh ! ages z we n[ %all see4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,religi\s ,,developm5t ,,( ,,humanity #a4 ,! ,social ,elem5t 9 ,religion ,religion is n m]ely a ph5om5on ( ! individual & inn] life3 x is also a social & hi/orical ph5om5on4 ,psy*ology lays b>e its root1 b hi/ory alone reveals its p[] & range4 ,?is social action ( religion spr+s f its v ess5ce4 ,! phrase communion ( s\ls is ( religi\s orig9 & hue4 ,! ?+ express$ by x--"o ( ! mo/ wond]ful ph5om5a ( collective moral life--is nev] p]fectly realis$ save 9 religion & by religion4 ,an id5tic fai?1 a common act ( adoration1 n m]ely br+s s\ls toge!r3 x makes !m live 9 ea* o!r1 bl5ds !m into "o s\l 9 :i* ea* ( !m f9ds itself1 multipli$1 z x 71 by all ! re/4 ,t is :at is prop]ly call$ edification1 by :i* ,i mean t feel+ ( joy1 ( =ce1 ( fulness ( life1 produc$ by ! common act ( wor%ip 9 ^? :o s9c]ely take "p 9 x4 ,t is ! reason :y m5 ( ! same religion h no m imp]i\s ne$ ?an t ( pray+ & wor%ipp+ toge!r4 ,/ate police h always fail$ to conf9e gr[+ religi\s sects )9 ! sanctu>y or ! home4 ,_! memb]s h nev] be5 resign$ to ?is comp>atively solit>y life2 !y h brav$ all int]dicts & p]secutions 9 ord] to turn x into social life & frat]nal communion4 ,god1 x is said1 is ! place :]e spirits bl5d4 ,9 ris+ t[>ds ,him man ( necessity passes beyond ! limits ( 8 own individuality4 ,he feels in/9ctively t ! pr9ciple ( 8 be+ is also ! pr9ciple ( ! life ( 8 bre?r52 t t :i* gives him safety mu/ give x to all4 ,9 ! same ,religion1 s\ls ! mo/ div]se1 be+ affect$ 9 ! same mann]1 become relat$ to ea* o!r1 & =m a real family1 unit$ by clos]1 /rong] bonds ?an ^? ( blood4 ,! religi\s life is a high] region4 ,^? :o rise into x feel ! b>ri]s fall :i* hemm$ 9 _! exi/5ce4 ,!y become free2 !y p5etrate ! s\ls ( _! neighb\rs & feel !mselves to be p5etrat$ by !m2 & all live "o life1 :i*1 al?\gh x be l>g] & almo/ univ]sal1 is none ! less v p]sonal & v int5se4 ,h y ev] be5 pres5t 9 a cr[d excit$ & exalt$ by religi\s en?usiasm8 ,h y felt ! contagion8 ,!n y c nev] =get x4 ,x is said ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 ( "o he>t & "o s\l4 ,_! community ( fai?1 ( hope1 ( love1 w5t s f> z to make !m =get ! idea ( prop]ty & put _! goods 9 common4 ,9 h[ _m mona/ic ord]s or my/ic sects has n ?is same ne$ ( equality & unity gone to ! po9t ( id5tity 9 co/ume & deportm5t1 & ev5 ( ! loss ( "n & p]sonal individuality8 ,x is n surpris+ !re=e t religion1 capable ( creat+ 9 mod]n times ^? moral societies call$ ,*ur*es1 %\ld1 9 all ages1 h be5 ! /ronge/ bond ( natural societies1 primitive families1 savage tribes1 great empires1 civilis$ peoples4 ,! fir/ /one ( e he>? 0 a sacr$ /one4 ,! fir/ tomb/one 0 a monum5t ( piety1 & burial is an ess5tially religi\s c]emony4 ,be=e !y 7 reg>d$ z protectors )\t1 tribal gods 7 ! int]nal bonds ( ! tribe itself4 ,all ! individuals ( ! tribe saw 9 ! god a fa!r & an ev] pres5t head1 s t religion came to d\ble by ?is moral k9%ip _! blood relation%ip4 ,9 ?is matt] ! great civilisations d n diff] f ! re/4 ,all h a religi\s s\l t diff]5tiates & expla9s !m4 ,x is n m]ely morals & philosophy t are affect$ by religion1 b lit]ature1 art1 politics1 social economy1 & 9 a g5]al way ! :ole de/9y ( m54 ,! secret ( a race is hidd5 9 its religion4 ,x is !re t ! =ces ( life & resi/ance to ! causes ( dissolution are conc5trat$4444 ,let u ent] ) deep piety !re=e on ! hi/ory ( religion on ! e>?4444 ,t hi/ory is /ill 9 embryo4 ,! comp>ative /udy ( religions has aris5 )9 our "t2 x is /ill at its beg9n+s4444 ,! idea ( religi\s progress is a great & lum9\s idea1 b x is n possible to apply x to all ! details ( hi/ory4 ,progress has n tak5 place along a s+le or cont9u\s l9e4444 ,on f\r or five po9ts ! progress is und5iable2 x mu/ suffice to po9t !m out & m>k _! direction 9 ord] t we may =esee ! supreme end to :i* ?is falt]+ & labori\s m>* is t5d+4 ,9 religions !re are diff]5ces ( degree & diff]5ces ( k9d3 ! "o m>k 9 ! scale ( evolution ! successive movem5ts ( ! religi\s consci\sness 9 "t2 ! o!rs express ! div]sity & simultaneity ( religions 9 space4 ,! fir/ are expla9$ by inequalities ( moral developm5t2 ! second by v>iety ( races1 climates1 civilisations4 ,take1 = example1 ! ,hebrew tradition2 foll[ x 9 broad outl9e1 & y w note religi\s =ms :i* give bir? "o to ano!r & con/itute an hi/orical developm5t--! religion ( ! anci5t ,b5i-,israel1 prophetism1 rabb9ical ph>isaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 ,mohamm$anism3 !re1 9 a cont9u\s evolution1 y h :at may be call$ diff]5ces ( degree4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 consid] ! ,mongolian or ,*9ese religions1 ^? ( anci5t ,mexico1 ( ,india1 ,egypt1 or ,greece3 y h diff]5ces ( k9d :i* y _c classify 9 a s+le scale4 ,&1 z "s ( ^! peoples h disappe>$1 & o!rs be5 arre/$ 9 _! gr[?1 & z !y h nev] m>*$ abrea/1 x is impossible to comp>e !m or to put into "o category ! religi\s =ms :i* _! hi/ory pres5ts4 ,b "s attempt mu/ be made to trace !m out4 #b4 ,progress 9 ! ,outw>d ,=ms ( ,religion ,9 ?is univ]sal religi\s evolution ! progress t is mo/ app>5t because mo/ outw>d is ! enl>gem5t ( ! =m ( religion itself1 ! movem5t1 (t5 int]rupt$ b nev] /opp$1 f ! n>r[e/ p>ticul>ism to ! mo/ human univ]salism4444 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( all religion to propagate itself3 t is ! implicit affirmation t x is made = all m54 ,ev5 :5 x is abas$ to ! level ( a recipe & ( a magical secret t is hidd5 ) a jeal\s selfi%ness1 or ev5 f a f]oci\s patriotism1 !re is ! av[al t x might be s]viceable to o!rs4444 ,b we mu/ see h[ ?is passage f ! p>ticul> to ! univ]sal is effect$4 ,! beg9n+s ( religion are ev]y:]e ! same4 ,! numb] ( cults at fir/ is almo/ endless1 b !y v>y v little f ea* o!r4 ,x is impossible to write ! hi/ory ( b>b>\s religions1 & x is useless to enum]ate !m4 ,no?+ is m monoton\s ?an ! descriptions t h be5 attempt$ ( !m4 ,_! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature is1 t at fir/ !y are conf9$ to ! family4 ,religion at ?is /age is a matt] ( in/9ct1 & in/9ctive matt]s are always uni=m4 ,9 m5tal life1 div]sity only appe>s ) reflection & consci\sness4 ,to ! dome/ic & tribal succe$s ! national /age ( religion4 ,political f$]ations are =m$1 & ! religi\s z well z ! social consci\sness ( ! p is enl>g$4 ,?is ph5om5on is se5 9 ,greece 9 its mo/ int]e/+ =m4 ,! religion ( ,greece1 z witness ! ,hom]ic poems1 0 a conf$]ation ( local cults & deities1 j z ,hellas 0 a f$]ation ( previ\sly unconnect$ tribes4 ,! conque/s ( ,alex&] & ! ext5sion ( ! ,roman ,empire greatly enl>g$ ! horizon ( anci5t ?\ght4 ,! philosoph]s 9 ! "t ( ,cic]o & ,s5eca _h already ris5 f ! national idea to t ( ! human race4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 h[ev]1 t ! univ]sal religion sprang f ! philosophic or religi\s syncretism ( ! lat] ages ( ,graeco-,roman civilisation4 ,! dissolution ( ! national religions _h prec$$ t ( political nationalities1 &1 s f> f creat+ any?+ univ]sal1 ! morbid curiosity ( m9ds d5ud$ ( all national tradition ab&on$ itself to individual sup]/itions ! mo/ exotic & mon/r\s4 ,*ri/ianity 0 born1 n 9 ,greece1 9 ! s*ools1 nor 9 ,rome1 at ! foot ( ! ?rone ( ! ,caes>s1 b 9 a race ! n>r[e/1 ! mo/ fanatical & intol]ant t ev] exi/$1 & 9 ! he>t ( a ,son ( ,israel :om no extra-,pale/9ian influ5ce seems ev] to h rea*$4 ,n[h]e is a univ]sal religion ! fruit ( an unconsci\s evolution1 produc$ by ! action ( fatal & ext]nal laws4 ,x pres5ts itself ev]y:]e z an individual creation1 z ! free & moral "w ( a few elect s\ls1 9 :om tradition by a pr(\nd crisis is purifi$ & enl>g$4 ,?is 0 ! role ( ,confucius1 ( ,buddha1 ( ,socrates1 ( ! prophets ( ,israel1 ( ,mohamm$ 9 ,arabia4 ,all ( !m 7 re=m]s ( ! religion ( _! ance/ors4444 ,!y did n discov] ! univ]sal religion outside !mselves1 b 9 _! consci\sness & p]sonal piety4 ,pass+ ?r\gh _! s\ls z ?r\gh a filt]1 ! traditional religion ( _! race 0 gradually cl>ifi$ & fre$ f =eign or mat]ial elem5ts1 & x 0 f\nd t1 9 ! end1 ! new fai? appe>$ ! m human & univ]sal z x _h become m /rictly religi\s1 m inw>d1 & m pure4444 ,n t all ! anci5t cults 7 capable ( trans=mation or all ! prophets equally inspir$4 ,(t5 ! revelation w\ld appe> unc]ta9 or incomplete4 ,on only "o po9t & 9 only "o consci\sness w\ld x be se5 to end 9 a cle> & def9itive conclusion4 ,progress implies selection4 ,z we rise f "o /age to ano!r 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s evolution we see ! ranks enlight5$ & ! numb] dim9i%$ ( concurr5t religions4 ,at ! l[e/ /age1 ! savage cults are almo/ innum]able4 ,! great national or e?nic religions 7 mu* few]4 ,only ?ree are frankly univ]sali/3 ,buddhism1 ,mohamm$anism1 & ,*ri/ianity4 ,& ^! ?ree are univ]sali/1 if ,i may s say1 9 a v unequal degree4 ,mohamm$anism 0 f> f be+ an orig9al religion4 ,! elem5t :i* gives to x a high] moral & religi\s value came to x f ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,its mono!ism1 its horror ( idolatry1 ! comp>ative purity ( its e?ics1 h no o!r s\rce1 &1 )\t p>adox1 x has be5 possible to repres5t x z an inf]ior =m ( ,*ri/ianity accommodat$ to ! ne$s & to ! /ature ( semi-civilis$ ,semitic peoples4 ,b1 alongside ?is ,*ri/ian spiritualism x has cons]v$ naturali/ic elem5ts1 gross remnants ( old ,arab cults :i*1 hav+ made its =tune1 p]haps1 9 its e>ly days1 n[ emb>rass x & p>alyse x4 ,moreov]1 9 spite ( its conque/s1 x has always rema9$ an ,ori5tal religion ) ,mecca z its c5tre & its head4 ,if x w\ld survive1 x mu/ re=m itself2 x mu/ ent] into ! pa? ( moral & intellectual progress1 free itself f local sup]/itions1 f its gross hopes1 its hatr$ ( ! infidel1 its doctr9e ( good works2 9 o!r words1 x w h to ca/ (f its old nature1 & receive a new effusion ( ! ,*ri/ian _s4 ,x c only become univ]sal 9 s f> z x approa*es ! moral pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 ord]1 9 ! end1 to become "o ) x4 ,buddhism has a m pr(\nd orig9ality1 b x also is afflict$ ) an inw>d dualism :i* w ru9 x4 ,f ! beg9n+ !re h be5 two ,buddhisms3 ! "o an esot]ic philosophy = ! use ( sages conv9c$ by exp]i5ce ( ! vanity ( all ?+s1 suff]+ f ! ess5tial evil ( exi/5ce & aspir+ to ,nirvana4 ,x is an unfruitful my/icism because x is ,a!i/ic4 ,! o!r is popul> ,buddhism1 :i* s9ks & dies into pu]ile sup]/itions & into ! grosse/ poly!ism4 ,f :i* we may conclude t ,buddhism only becomes univ]sali/ :5 x ceases to be a positive religion1 & t :]e x /ill rema9s a religion x is any?+ b univ]sali/4 ,) ,*ri/ianity x is altoge!r diff]5t4 ,! t]ms univ]sal religion & ,*ri/ian religion co9cide s exactly t if a =m ( ,*ri/ianity is n univ]sali/ on any side1 on t p>ticul> side x ceases to be ,*ri/ian4 ,9 fact !re _c "h be ei!r division or esot]ism1 nor consequ5tly limitation or n>r[ness4 ,we are "h 9 ! absolute fre$om ( _s4 ,*ri/ did n prop\nd ! !ory ( ! unity ( ! human race2 b ,he did some?+ q diff]5t & mu* bett]3 ,he gave u ! gospel4 ,betwe5 ,8 gospel & ! humanit>ian philosophy !re is all ! diff]5ce t !re is betwe5 ab/raction & life1 betwe5 idea & love4 ,all m5 ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god by ! same door1 & t door _c be %ut by any "o2 = x is ! door ( humility1 ( confid5ce1 ( self-r5unciation1 ( ! high] righte\sness fulfill+ itself by frat]nal *>ity4 ,rank 9 t k+dom is det]m9$ by ! measure ( devot$ness4 ,! greate/ is ! "o t humbles himself ! mo/1 & ! only way ( be+ ma/] is to s]ve4 ,9 ! religion ( ,jesus !re is no?+ religi\s b t :i* is au!ntically moral1 & no?+ moral 9 human life t is n truly religi\s4 ,! p]fect religion co9cides ) ! absolute morality1 & ?is naturally ext5ds to & is obligatory on all mank9d4 ,jesus n only proclaim$ ! only ,god1 or ev5 ! ,god :o is _s1 ^: wor%ip c\ld n !nce=? be conf9$ to any?+ mat]ial or p>ticul> 9 "t & space3 ,he %[$ u ! ,fa!r :o loves all ,8 *ildr5 ) an equal affection1 & desires to dwell 9 ! humble/ z well z 9 ! highe/ consci\sness4 ,?is div9e ,fa!rhood1 9 proportion z x is realis$ 9 our he>ts1 produces 9 !m human bro!rhood4 ,! religi\s & ! human ideals "h jo91 no m to be sep>at$4 ,hav+ begun 9 ! animal man1 ) ! grosse/ =m ( religion1 humanity f9ds itself complet$ 9 ! p]fect religion4 #c4 ,progress 9 ,repres5tations ( ! ,div9e ,to repres5t ! div9e1 man has nev] _h any b ! res\rces :i* are 9 himself4 ,^! repres5tations h v>i$ !re=e ) ! g5]al progress ( exp]i5ce & ( ?\ght4444 ,f beg9n+ to end ! evolution ( religi\s images & notions is bas$ on ! idea ( _s4 ,x is 9 ?is idea t ! resemblance & ! k9%ip ( man to 8 ,god is bas$2 only by ?is c !re be und]/&+1 conv]se1 h>mony betwe5 !m4 ,primitive religions1 d\btless1 are nei!r spirituali/ nor mat]iali/2 !y are animi/ic4 ,a simple animism gives to m5 _! fir/ conceptions4 ,! *ild projects ! life :i* animates him2 he end[s ! ?+s ar\nd him ) a p]sonality simil> to 8 own4 ,= him !re is no?+ dead or in]t2 ! _w is peopl$ ) liv+ be+s ) :i* he cont5ds1 & talks1 & is angry1 to :i* he gives 8 love & 8 c>esses4 ,d n let u smile too mu* at ?is simplicity4 ,! late/ /eps ( philosophy are rejo9+ our e>lie/ ?\ghts4 ,we are com+ to see t 9 sum we "k no?+ b ourselves1 t our sci5ce is b ! projection ( our consci\sness )\t1 & t x is solely on ?is condition t ! _w becomes intelligible to u4 ,man nev] wor%ips any?+ purely mat]ial1 any?+ t _c he> & answ] him4 ,:5 he p]ceives t ! object ( 8 wor%ip is inanimate1 he ?9ks 8 god has des]t$ him1 & he sets himself to pursue him4 ,he usually f9ds him & reta9s him "u o!r names & =ms4 ,by fai? 9 gho/s1 & by ! memory ( 8 dreams1 he has le>nt to d\ble himself1 & to oppose 8 w to 8 ?\ght1 8 int]ior ego to 8 body1 :i* he calls 8 h\se4 ,he may easily quit ?is = ano!r4 ,no?+ is m anci5t ?an ! idea ( ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,b at ! same "t he d\bles ! be+ ( 8 gods2 he di/+ui%es betwe5 ! god & ! object 9 :i* he habitually resides4 ,?is is ! p]iod at :i* idolatry beg9s4 ,x w only be complet$ :5 ! _s-god has brok5 ! bonds :i* b9d him to its visible prison & its mat]ial image2 :5 ,he %all speak :o says t ,god is a ,_s1 & !y t wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,f t mom5t1 my?ology trans=ms itself into !ology1 & ext]nal rites into inw>d piety4 ,necess>ily poly!i/ic 9 its orig9s1 religion t5d$ nev]!less t[>ds mono!ism4 ,! subord9ation :i* discipl9$ ! heads ( ! tribes on e>? also rang$ ! div9ities "u ! au?ority ( a supreme head4 ,=ce at fir/ gave ?is supremacy4 ,zeus 0 ! k+ ( gods & m5 because he 0 /rong] ?an all ( !m put toge!r4 ,?is is ! natural ord] ( ideas4 ,=ce fir/ impos$ itself on weakness2 !n intellig5ce conqu]$ =ce2 la/ly1 ju/ice & love1 :i* is ! supreme =m & fl[] ( righte\sness1 obta9 supremacy ov] intellig5ce itself4 ,! highe/ & ! *iefe/ is no long] ! /ronge/1 or ! wise/1 b ! be/4 ,9 becom+ moral1 man has moralis$ 8 gods1 :o1 9 _! turn1 becom+ models & au?orities1 h greatly help$ to moralise ! race4 ,x is v surpris+ t ?is evolution 9 ! direction ( moral mono!ism did n complete itself 9 ! ,indo-,european family4 ,b ! fact is t t family enc\nt]$ an inv9cible b>ri] 9 ! v nature ( its primitive my?ology4 ,! ,greek & ,h9du philosoph]s1 no d\bt1 pu%$ ! notion ( ,god to t ( ,8 spirituality & unity1 b !y did n succe$ 9 trans=m+ ! religion ( _! race4 ,_! rational criticism _h p[] to dissolve1 b n to *ange4 ,_! mono!ism rema9$ always an object ( speculation m or less esot]ic4 ,:51 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies ( our era1 9 competition ) ,*ri/ianity1 ,graeco-,roman poly!ism endeav\r$ to rea* a sort ( mono!ism1 x c\ld only return to ! mo/ glori\s my?us ( its infancy1 to ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun1 & raise x to supremacy among ! symbols ( _! fai?4 ,! transition f poly!ism to mono!ism 0 only made 9 ,pale/9e & 9 ! tradition ( ! ,hebrews4 ,!re 7 two reasons = ?is1 bo? ( :i* be> witness to ! div9e vocation ( t p3 its religi\s pr$ispositions & ! p[]ful action ( its prophets1 ( ^? m5 ( ,god rais$ up 9 x f ,moses to ,*ri/4 ,! des]t is n mono!i/ic1 z ,m4 ,r5an 0 pleas$ at fir/ to say1 nor are nomads1 %eph]ds1 or freeboot]s ne>] to ! only ,god ?an s$5t>y & agricultural peoples4 ,b1 ow+ to ! special turn ( m9d ( ! ,hebrew family1 its primitive poly!ism1 ( :i* ! plural1 elohim1 /ill rem9ds u1 _h an ab/ract "*1 & 0 r$uc$ to a sort ( anonym\s plurality f :i* no div9e g5ealogy c\ld spr+4 ,all ^! elem5t>y spirits1 ^! elohim ( ! air1 ! e>?1 ! wat]s1 7 s simil> to ea* o!r t ! ?\ght ( ! ,semite nev] succe$$ 9 disc]n+ & discrim9at+ !m4 ,!y ent]$ into "o ano!r1 & end$ by =m+ a sort ( collective & ab/ract p[]1 analag\s to t :i* is repres5t$ 9 our language by ! ^w div9ity4 ,add to ?is t1 by ! idea ( hol9ess1 ,jehovah1 ! national elohim1 0 equally sep>at$ f ,nature1 & t1 gradually dive/$ ( all corporeal =m1 ,he 0 pr$e/9$ to become ! ,god ( consci5ce1 ! invisible ,creator ( all ?+s1 ! ,judge & ! rew>d] ( all human actions4 ,nei!r ^! orig9al pr$ispositions1 h[ev]1 nor ^! g5]al causes1 acc\nt = ! m>vell\s progress ( ! religion ( ,israel4 ,! fai? ( ! prophets is a creation ( ! moral ord]2 x is ! "w ( individual consci\snesses1 ( ! religi\s h]oes :om ! div9e ,_s rais$ up 9 succession = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,we %all expla9 else:]e ?is h]oic & age-long /ruggle ( ! prophets ( ,jehovah aga9/ ! cu/oms1 ! t5d5cies1 & ev5 ! temp]am5t ( _! p4 ,suffice x "h to indicate ! con/ant direction ( _! ef=ts1 ! precision & ! fix$ness ( _! ideal1 ! p[] ( ! common inspiration t animat$ !m1 ! vigor\s & vivaci\s feel+ 9 ea* "o ( !m t makes _! "w div9e & c>ries !m beyond _! individual ?\ghts & hopes4 ,l u !y lab\r$ on an inf9itely va/] plane ?an !y conceiv$4 ,b _! conception ( a div9e ideal ( righte\sness /ill left ,god outside ! consci\sness4 ,! image ( ,8 sanctity awak5$ 9 _! s\ls ! s5se ( s9 & rais$ a tragic conflict betwe5 ! human w enslav$ by evil & ! ess5tially inflexible law ( ,god4 ,god & man 7 f\nd to be m pr(\ndly sep>at$ by ?is moral anti!sis ( righte\sness & s9 ?an !y _h be=e be5 by ! anti!sis ( /r5g? & feebl5ess4 ,h[ 0 ?is ho/ility to cease8 ,a supreme revelation is ab\t to respond to ?is cry ( di/ress4 ,god w become int]nal to ! consci\sness2 ,he w manife/ ,himself1 9 man himself1 z ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification & salvation4 ,he :o 0 call$ ,el1 ,allah1 ! ,mighty ,god1 9 patri>*al days1--,he :o f ! times ( ,moses _h be5 nam$ ,jehovah1 ! liv+ ,god1 ! vigilant gu>dian ( ! ,cov5ant1--w reveal ,himself z ! ,fa!r 9 ! filial consci\sness ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! revelation ( love comes to cr[n ! revelation ( =ce & righte\sness4 ,god desires to dwell 9 human s\ls4 ,! ,heav5ly ,fa!r lives )9 ! ,son ( ,man1 & ! dogma ( ! ,god-,man1 int]pret$ by ! piety ( ea* ,*ri/ian1 n by ! subtle metaphysics ( ! doctors & ! s*ools1 becomes ! c5tral & di/+ui%+ dogma ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,d n spoil its religi\s mean+1 leave ! my/]y intact1 see :at is wrapp$ up 9 x3 ! s9 ( man effac$1 ! anci5t conflicts end$1 h>mony re/or$1 ! :ole moral & spiritual life enroot$ 9 ! et]nal life ( ,god1 ! ,div9e ,life %$ abroad 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,try to compreh5d ?is consummation ( ! religi\s unity ( ! ,div9e & ! human s\ght =1 cri$ =1 9 ! dim desire ( consci\sness1 & y w also compreh5d t1 at ?is po9t ( view1 z at all ! o!rs1 ! prec$5t religi\s evolution f\nd its raison d'etre & its f9al aim 9 ! s\l & 9 ! "w ( ,*ri/4 ,! orphan$ human s\l & ! di/ant unkn[n ,god are re-unit$ & embrac$ 9 filial love1 to be no m divid$ or e/rang$4 #d4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,pray] ,! liv+ expression ( ! relations ( man to 8 ,god1 pray] is ! v s\l ( religion4 ,x br+s to ,god ! mis]ies ( man1 & br+s back to man ! communion & ! help ( ,god4 ,no?+ bett] reveals ! wor? & moral dignity ( a religion ?an ! k9d ( pray] x puts into ! lips ( its adh]5ts4 ,n[1 progress is m app>5t "h ?an any:]e else4 ,! savage beats 8 feti% :5 x is n complac5t en\gh4 ,! ,*ri/ian 9 8 greate/ di/resses repeats ! pray] ( ,jesus 9 ! ,g>d53 ,fa!r1 n my w1 b ,?9e be done6 ,:at a long road man has travell$ betwe5 ^! two extreme po9ts ( religion6 ,at ! outset1 pray] w\ld seem to h _h no?+ religi\s 9 x except ! vague tru/ :i* m5 plac$ 9 its effici5cy4 ,x 0 almo/ ev]y:]e conceiv$ & practis$ z a sort ( con/ra9t put by ! wor%ipp] on ! w t he wi%$ to ma/]4 ,!re 7 my/]i\s syllables1 :i*1 pron\nc$ correctly1 w\ld produce an irresi/ible effect4 ,to ! voice 7 add$ rites & c]emonies1 i4e4 ge/ures m5ac+ or :e$l+1 ^: object 0 to move ! god & b9d 8 w to t ( man4 ,primitive /ories & leg5ds are full ( ?is idea4 ,out ( x sprang magic1 sorc]y1 necromancy4 ,) ! sup]natural be+s ar\nd him man does z ) o!r neighb\rs4 ,he seeks to induce !m to help him1 & t by ! self-same means4 ,!re is v little respect 9 ^! prim>y relations4 ,ruse1 viol5ce1 s$uction by bribes or ?reats1--^! are ! =ms ( t /range supplication4 ,x is human selfi%ness address+ itself naively to ! selfi%ness ( ! gods4 ,regul> contracts are made betwe5 ^! two egoisms1 ea* ( :i* arms itself aga9/ ! o!r ) ! ,d ut des4 ,! god :o fails 9 8 promise des]ves to be *a/is$1 & privations1 & ev5 bl[s1 d n fail to foll[ & puni% 8 felony4 ,sacrifice at fir/ 0 m]ely a =m ( pray]4 ,man nev] approa*es 8 sup]ior or 8 ma/] ) empty h&s4 ,to secure 8 fav\r or appease 8 wra? he br+s ! (f]+s he believes to be ! mo/ agreeable4 ,! gods1 l mortals1 e4g41 h ne$ ( n\ri%m5t4 ,= !m1 !re=e1 are res]v$ ! fir/-fruits ( ! human repa/2 libations1 pres5ts ( honey & f9e fl\r1 ! mo/ lusci\s fruits1 ! mo/ delici\s vi&s4 ,:at difficulty man has _h 9 believ+ 9 ! goodness ( 8 gods6 ,he saw ! effects ( _! ang] 9 ! evils :i* befell him1 & if good =tune came to him he felt oblig$ to (f] a sacrifice to turn aside ! jeal\sy ( high] p[]s4 ,0 a god suppos$ to h be5 (f5d$8 ,!y trembl$ = ye>s b5ea? ! /rokes ( 8 wra?2 !y (f]$ 9 expiatory sacrifices all possible equival5ts2 !y inv5t$ p5ances1 humiliations1 tortures1 )\t be+ sure t ! div9e v5geance ev] 0 appeas$4 ,^! are univ]sal religi\s ph5om5a4 ,! religi\s is s diff]5t f ! moral s5se t1 at ! outset1 x exi/s by itself1 & expresses itself 9 ! mo/ selfi% & f]oci\s mann]4 ,h[ _m crimes h be5 committ$ 9 ! "n ( religion6 ) :at bas5ess & sordidness has x n be5 s9c]ely connect$6 ,b "h also we mu/ note ! new revelation made 9 ! s\ls ( prophets & ( sages 9 ord] to raise ! religion ( naturalism to morality4 ,confucius1 ,buddha1 ! prophets ( ,israel1 ! philosoph]s ( ,greece1 came simultane\sly to feel t ! true relation ( man to ,god mu/ be a moral relation1 t righte\sness is ! only l9k :i* b9ds e>? to heav51 t sacr$ words1 rites1 int]e/$ (f]+s1 outw>d comp5sations1 c d no?+1 & mean no?+1 ! mom5t ! religi\s man rises above ! law ( ,nature & ent]s ^u ! high] life ( ! _s4 ,if ,god be righte\s1 !re is only "o means h5ce=? ( putt+ "o's self into h>mony & peace ) ,him--to become l ,him4 ,?us religion & morality 7 de/9$ to approa* ea* o!r & to p5etrate ea* o!r m & m1 until ! p]fect religion %\ld be recognis$ by ?is sign3 ! highe/ piety "u ! =m ( ! ideal morality4 ,at bottom1 ,*ri/ianity has no o!r pr9ciple1 & x is = ?is reason m ?an = any o!r t x is n only ! highe/ =m ( religion1 b ! univ]sal & f9al religion4 ,! absolute religion & ! absolute moral life are id5tical t]ms4 ,! anci5t dualism is surm\nt$ 9 ! unity ( ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t pray] %\ld1 9 its turn1 be trans=m$1 & t1 hav+ at fir/ be5 ! mo/ viol5tly int]e/$ act ( life1 x %\ld come 9 ! end to be a pure act ( tru/ & self-ab&onm5t1 ( dis9t]e/$ness ! mo/ religi\s & complete4 ,is !re ne$ ( _m words = a *ild to make its fa!r und]/&8 ,x is ! hea!n1 says ,jesus1 :o make _m pray]s4 ,! ,fa!r kn[s y\r ne$s be=e y ask ,him4 ,x is a m>k ( unbelief to be anxi\s ab\t food & raim5t & ! future4 ,! ess5tial ?+ is n to multiply petitions1 b to live ne> ,him & feel ,him ev] ne>4 ,is ,he n ,almighty & all-good8 ,does ,he n love y bett] ?an y love y\rselves8 ,does ,he n make all ?+s "w toge!r = ! good ( ,8 *ildr58 ,if trials come1 or dang]s ?reat51 :at ought we to d8 ,submit to ,god1 z ,jesus did4 ,:at is su* pray] z ,8 b ! defeat ( egoism & ! p]fect lib]ation ( ! individual _s 9 ! feel+ ( its pl5>y union ) ,god8 ,su* 0 ! pray] ( ,jesus4 ,x did n consi/ 9 an outw>d fl[ ( words1 b 9 a con/ant1 sil5t /ate ( s\l :i* made ,him say 9 turn+ t[>ds ,8 ,fa!r3 ,i "k t ,?\ he>e/ me always4 ,confid5ce increases ) r5unciation4 ,admirable progress ( religion6 ,sublime rev]sal ( roles6 ,at ! beg9n+ ! ambition ( ! pi\s man 0 to b5d ! ,div9e w to 8 own2 at ! end 8 peace1 8 happ9ess1 is to subord9ate 8 wi%es & desires to ! w ( a ,fa!r :o kn[s h[ to be graci\s1 righte\s1 p]fect6 ,!re is ano!r aspect ( ?is progress4 ,9 all religions !re is a d\ble gamut ( feel+3 ! "o1 :i* rules 9 primitive religions1 & ^: dom9ant note is fe> & sadness2 ! o!r1 :i* prevails 9 ! end1 9 :i* ! dom9ant note is confid5ce & joy4 ,x is a natural effect ( ! progressive victory ( ! religi\s consci\sness gradually surm\nt+ ! contradictions 9 ! mid/ ( :i* x is born & develop$4 ,at ! outset1 man1 alone & def5celess1 f9ds no few] enemies 9 heav5 ?an on e>?4 ,he feels z if surr\nd$ by ho/ile & my/]i\s p[]s be=e :i* he cr+es 9 fe>1 await+ _! decisions ) respect to him4 ,b ev]y?+ *anges :5 !re rises )9 8 s\l ! lum9\s dawn ( ! moral revelation ( ,god4 ,) ! d>kness1 vani% all ! frightful phantoms ( ! night4 ,9 ! ,god :om he adores he sees 8 own int]ior law glorifi$ & become h5ce=? ! supreme law ( ?+s4 ,t law ( righte\sness is1 at bottom1 a law ( love4 ,no?+ c tr\ble me any m except ! s5se ( my own failure--t is1 ( my own s91 :i* alone c sep>ate me f ! v pr9ciple ( righte\sness & life4 ,b1 see1 ju/ice manife/s itself z ju/ify+ grace6 ,god gives x z ,he gives life to ^? :o ?ir/ = x4 ,reconciliation is complete4 ,! orphan has f\nd 8 ,fa!r2 ! ,fa!r1 ,8 *ild4 ,! s9n]1 trembl+1 beg9s 8 pray]1 pro/rat$2 he ends x upright1 ) ! confid5ce & fre$om ( a *ild t feels itself at home )9 ! ,fa!r's h\se4 ,! ,gospel bids u to rejoice2 x makes ( joy an obligation1 :ile di/ru/ & sadness are ! m>ks ( selfi%ness & unbelief4 #e4 ,conclusion ,su* has be5 ! c\rse ( religion ?r\gh ! c5turies ( human hi/ory1 & amid ! complex & confus$ developm5t ( p>ticul> fai?s4 ,! progress has n be5 on a /raight l9e & by successive additions1 z 9 ! sci5tific sph]e4 ,religi\s evolution is m l ! evolution ( art1 9 :i* ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ is only fruitful :5 translat$ by a high] inspiration & a mighti] creative =ce4 ,!re are p]iods ( recrudesc5ce ( ! religi\s s5tim5t 9 :i* ! passions ( a pa/ t seem$ to h be5 aboli%$ are reviv$4 ,^! are ! times ( sup]/ition4 ,!re are also p]iods ( religi\s in]tia1 :5 ! s\l seems to empty itself ( its et]nal cont5t1 & div]t itself into a frivol\s activity & a sup]ficial wisdom4 ,^! are ! ages ( incr$ulity4 ,la/ly1 !re are epo*s ( crisis & confusion1 9 :i* m+le religi\s traditions ! mo/ div]se1 & curr5ts ( ?\ght ! mo/ contr>y4 ,we mu/ pass ov] all ^! accid5ts & vicissitudes4 ,9 ! religi\s evolution ( humanity !re is a sequ5ce1 an ord]1 a progress :i*1 9 spite ( all int]ruptions & reactions1 manife/ !mselves z soon z we rise high en\gh to embrace x 9 its va/ entirety4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a few ye>s ago !re assembl$ 9 ,*icago :at ! ,am]icans call$ ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions4 ,! (ficial repres5tatives ( all ! pr9cipal religions ( ! new _w & ! old met toge!r "u a common feel+ ( religi\s bro!rhood4 ,!y did n discuss ! value ( _! rites or dogmas2 _! object 0 to approa* ea* o!r1 to edify ea* o!r1 &1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 to pres5t ! spectacle ( a univ]sal religi\s communion4 ,:5 x came to ! po9t1 ?ree ?+s became cle>3 fir/1 ! common "n "u :i* !y 7 able to call ^u ,god--! ,fa!r2 secondly1 ! ,"l's ,pray] 0 adopt$ & recit$ by all2 ?irdly1 ,*ri/ ,himself1 ap>t f all !ological def9ition1 0 unanim\sly recognis$ & v5]at$ z ! ,ma/] & ,initiator ( ! high] religi\s life4 ,9 my own consci\sness1 ?is practical demon/ration is complet$4 ,i c h>dly help be+ religi\s2 b if ,i am s]i\sly to be religi\s ,i c only be s "u ! ,*ri/ian =m4 ,i c h>dly help pray+2 b if ,i desire to pray1 if moral angui% or intellectual d\bt con/ra9 me to seek "s =m ( pray] t ,i c use 9 all s9c]ity1 ,i nev] f9d b ^! words3 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav54 ,la/ly1 ,i may disda9 ! inn] life ( ! s\l1 & div]t myself f x by ! di/ractions ( sci5ce1 art1 & social life2 b if1 we>i$ by ! _w ( pleasure or ( toil1 ,i wi% to f9d my s\l aga9 & live a deep] life1 ,i c accept no o!r guide & ma/] ?an ,jesus ,*ri/1 because1 9 ,him alone1 optimism is )\t frivolity1 & s]i\sness )\t despair4 ,,book ,,second ,,*ri/ianity ,,*apt] ,i ,,hebraism1 ,,or ,,! ,,orig9s ,,( ,,! ,,gospel ,to und]/& ,*ri/ianity we %\ld ne$ to see cle>ly & 9 "o view ! l9k :i* connects x ) ! religi\s evolution ( mank9d1 ! liv+ orig9ality by :i* x is di/+ui%$1 ! succession & ! "* ( ! =ms x has assum$4 ,su* are ! ?ree po9ts :i* we %all take up 9 turn4 ,we mu/ beg9 ) its orig9s4 ,!re is nev] a complete break 9 ! *a9 ( hi/ory4 ,e ph5om5on arises 9 its place & at its "t4 ,x has its antec$5ts1 :i* prep>e x & condition x4 ,h[ev] new ,*ri/ianity may h be51 x is no exception to ! rule4 ,x spr+s f ! tradition ( ,israel by an evid5t affiliation4 ,! old !ology did n dissimulate ?is k9%ip ( orig92 x r exagg]at$ x4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* made ! ,bible ( ! ,jews ! fir/ "p ( its own4 ,! writ+s ( ! prophets 7 plac$ 9 ! sacr$ volume be=e ^? ( ! apo/les1 z if to intimate t ! "o c\ld n be und]/ood )\t ! o!r4 ,novum ,te/am5tum 9 ,vet]e latet2 ,vetus 9 ,novo patet4 ,at bottom1 ?is old adage ( ! s*oolm5 is true4 ,x is an excell5t rule ( biblical exegesis to trace ! prim>y ,*ri/ian ideas to _! ,hebraic root1 & to reg>d z =eign & adv5titi\s ^? :i* are n atta*$ to x4 ,if !re is no?+ ess5tial 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! g]m ( :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! ,old1 !re is no?+ truly fruitful 9 ! ,old :i* has n pass$ into ! ,new4 ,su* is ! hi/orical sequ5ce & connection t we mu/ respect & foll[4 ,! /udy ( ! religion ( ,israel is ! natural introduction to ! /udy ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! only po9t to be consid]$ "h is h[ ! "o 0 prep>atory to ! o!r4#a #a ,two non-ess5tial sections h "h be5 omitt$1 "o on ,! ,sacr$ ,hi/ory1 ! o!r on ,! ,nation4--,trans4 #a4 ,prophetism ,! miracle ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel is ,prophetism4 ,9 ?is is to be f\nd ! incomp>able =ce by :i* ! religi\s evolution we may trace 9 its annals 0 effect$4 ,b fir/ let me expla9 :at ,i und]/& by ?is ^w evolution1 & let me elim9ate f x ! fatali/ic s5se too (t5 giv5 to x4 ,if by evolution y mean a necess>y & unconsci\s process1 a me*anical & cont9u\s movem5t1 :i*1 )\t ei!r ef=t or dang]1 causes light to spr+ out ( d>kness1 good f evil1 & raises a p or a race f a l[] to a high] =m ( life1 y incur ! reproa* ( conf\nd+ ! laws ( ! moral _w ) ^? ( ! physical ord]2 y w be condemn$ to falsify hi/ory 9 g5]al & to und]/& no?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel 9 p>ticul>4 ,9 ! moral & religi\s progress :i* con/itutes ! s+ul> orig9ality ( t hi/ory1 !re is no?+ facile1 no?+ t c be logically d$uc$ f ! natural pr$ispositions ( ! nation4 ,no d\bt ! prophets 7 ! *ildr5 ( ! nation & intimately connect$ ) x2 b ! inspiration :i* brea!s 9 !m1 raises !m & animates !m1 is some?+ entirely diff]5t f ! e?nic g5ius ( _! race4 ,! contra/ is s great t x am\nts to contradiction4 ,! race1 9 ,israel1 z 9 ,moab1 or among ! ,edomites or ,phili/9es1 _h its int]pret]s & prophets4 ,b ^! 7 n ! prophets ( consci5ce4 ,!y flatt] ! p2 !y d n elevate !m4 ,!y are f\nd to be false prophets4 ,! o!rs1 ! witnesses = ! righte\s1 holy ,god1 only br\ght ,hebraism to ! consci\sness ( its religi\s vocation by a saecul> & pa9ful /ruggle aga9/ h]$it>y idolatry & immorality4 ,?is 0 n a collective evolution1 b an ess5tially individuali/ re=m2 x 0 a moral creation cont9ually int]rupt$ & compromis$2 x 0 a "w ( fai? & w4 ,ea* prophet ent]s into ! conflict & utt]s 8 cry ( battle & re=m z if he 7 alone1 responsible only to ! ,god :o has s5t him1 & yet all ( !m succe$ ea* o!r & pursue ! same design1 because !y are all ob$i5t to ! same id5tic inspiration4 ,!y fight aga9/ all2 aga9/ ! multitude t _c break away f cu/om & f prejudice2 aga9/ ! prie/s :o h always f ! beg9n+ made ( ! prie/hood a meti] & ( oracles a m]*&ise2 aga9/ k+s ^: vanity1 ^: crimes1 & ^: exactions !y d5\nce2 aga9/ ! great & ri* oppressors ( ! weak & poor4 ,!y speak 9 ! "n ( ,jehovah1 because ,jehovah speaks 9 _! consci\sness4 ,t is ! orig9 ( ! prophetic _s4 ,x is a div9e f]m5t :i*1 p]petuat+ itself1 becom+ cle>]1 /rong]1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 gradually raises & transmutes ! heavy mass ( primitive ,semitism4 ,no1 ?is is n ! "w ( "t & ,nature1 unless y see ,god at "w 9 "t1 &1 b5ea? ?is ^w ,nature1 by ! side ( realis$ & manife/$ =ces y p]ceive ! hidd5 & immeasurable virtualities :i* f]m5t 9 x & c>ry x beyond itself into ! high] life ( lib]ty & love4 ,9 ! app>ition ( ^! prophets1 9 ! en]gy ( _! fai?1 9 ! boldness ( _! words1 !re is a positive revelation ( a new _w1 ! revelation ( a religi\s ideal :i*1 aft] dive/+ itself1 9 ! gospel ( ,*ri/1 ( e national elem5t1 w naturally become ! fai? & consolation ( humanity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! education ( ! p ( ,god _h be5 a long & labori\s "w2 besides ! prea*+ ( ! prophets1 x _h ne$$ repeat$ cata/rophes 9 :i* ! nationality ( ,israel _h p]i%$1 z if ! _s c\ld n free itself save by ! annihilation ( ! matt] t _h f ! outset grossly clos$ x 94 ,:5 9 ! age ( ,cyrus we see ! poor remnants ( ,b5jam9 & ,judah return f ,babylon1 !y are no long] a p2 !y are already almo/ a ,*ur*4 ,! religi\s ,law is n[ fix$4 ,x en%r9es ! life1 ! ideas1 ! e?ics & ! ritual1 ! m9ute practices & precautions1 :i* w = ev] sep>ate ! ,jew f all ! o!r nations1 & ma9ta9 him 9 a /ate ( legal purity & high morality 9 ! mid/ ( univ]sal corruption4 ,x is ! beg9n+ ( ,ph>isaism4 ,9 x ! _s ( prophetic piety det]iorates1 h>d5s1 freezes4 ,nev]!less1 :5 we ?9k ( ! progress t _h be5 accompli%$1 :5 we ?9k ( ! di/ance t sep>ates ?is rigid mono!ism & ?is rigor\s law f ! old h>d1 cruel1 sometimes impure ,semitic cults1 ! prophets' "w 9 ,israel w appe> to u 9 its imm5se proportions & immortal wor?4 #b4 ,! ,dawn ( ! ,gospel ,b ,prophetism 0 n to end 9 ! ,talmud4 ,! ,isaiahs & ,j]emiahs 7 to h o!r heirs & successors ?an ! ,ph>isees & ! sons ( ! ,synagogue4 ,prophetism _h 9 x ! promise & ! g]m ( a high] & m human religion4 ,! prophets _h acc5ts :i* _! imm$iate successors 9 hi/ory seem nev] to h he>d4 ,!y attack$ no?+ ) m vehem5ce ?an =mali/ic piety or practical religion divorc$ f righte\sness4 ,li/5 to ,amos1 z he makes ,jehovah utt] words l ^!3 ,i hate1 ,i despise y\r fea/ days1 etc4 7,amos v4 #ba et seq472 or to ,isaiah on ! same !me 9 8 fir/ *apt]4 ,hosea decl>es t he>t-piety & m]cy are bett] ?an sacrifices4 ,j]emiah pr$icts ! "t :5 ,god w make a new ,cov5ant ) ,8 p1 & write ,8 laws 9 _! he>ts1 in/ead ( on tables ( /one4 ,or ?9k ( ,elijah 9 ! cave ( ,horeb4 ,fatigu$ ) fight+1 almo/ 9 despair1 ! t]rible adv]s>y ( ,baal1 :o _h j _h #dej ( ! prie/s ( ,baal put to dea?1 has retir$ to ! m\nta9s & is asleep 9 a cave4 ,y "k ! n>rative 7#a ,k+s xix4 #i-ac74 ,! /ill small voice6 ,is !re 9 all ! ,bible a f9] image conta9+ a pr(\nd] ?\ght8 ,:at is ?is supreme revelation ( ! ,god ( ,israel b an app>ition by anticipation ( ! ,god ( ! ,gospel8 ,& ! /ill1 small voice1 ! s\nd ( g5tle /illness1 :at is x b ! fir/ fa9t acc5ts ( ! graci\s1 t5d] words3 ,come unto ,me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 ,take ,my yoke ^u y1 & le>n ( ,me2 = ,i am meek & l[ly 9 he>t3 & ye %all f9d re/ unto y\r s\ls4 ,= ,my yoke is easy1 & ,my burd5 is light 7,matt4 xi4 #bh-cj74 ,b5ea? ! brea?+s ( ?is creative inspiration ! religion ( legal righte\sness & rigor\s retributions is s(t5$ into ! religion ( love4 ,! ,god :o puni%es becomes ! ,god :o p>dons & re/ores4 ,b5ea? ! te>s ( ! poor1 ! vanqui%$1 ! afflict$ 9 ,israel ! gospel ( div9e compassion g]m9at$ & sprang up4 ,:at tones ( t5d]ness are he>d 9 ! lat] prophets1 ! prophets ( consolation1 prop]ly s call$4 ,com=t ye1 com=t ye ,my p4 ,speak ye com=tably to ,j]usalem4 ,say unto h] t h] w>f>e is accompli%$1 t h] iniquity is p>don$4 ,read ! *apt] ?r\gh 7,is4 xl471 & ! =ty-second & ! sixty-six?1 & ,psalms xxiii4 & ciii4 ,su* words z ^! ann\nce & prep>e ! way = ! great religi\s revolution call$ by ,jesus ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,! relations betwe5 ,god & ! human s\l are 9 c\rse ( be+ *ang$4 ,f ! beg9n+1 a pact exi/$ betwe5 ,jehovah & ,8 p2 a compact express$ & gu>ante$ 9 a ,law on :i* dep5d$ ! de/9y ( ! nation & ( ! individual4 ,! ,cov5ant has become m inw>d & pr(\nd4 ,to ! law ( /rict remun]ations is n[ jo9$ a bond ( love4 ,betwe5 ,god & ,8 p ! relations are ^? ( ,husb& & wife4 ,! wife has prov$ unfai?ful to ,him :o _h lov$ h]1 :o _h f\nd h] poor & nak$ 9 ! des]t1 & _h be5 desir\s to enri* h]4 ,%e has foll[$ o!r gods4 ,jehovah1 by ! m\? ( ,8 mess5g]s1 cov]s h] ) reproa*es1 9 ord] to excite h] to rep5tance2 b ,he has le>nt to pity1 &1 9 ! end1 ,he p>dons4 ,! m ! nation's mis]ies are multipli$1 ! m its te>s fl[ on ! soil ( ali5 l&s1 ! m ,8 he>t is melt$ 9 ,him & ! t5d]] become ,8 words4 ,c a woman =get h] suck+ *ild1 t %e %\ld n h compassion on ! son ( h] womb8 yea1 %e may =get1 yet w n ,i =get !e 7,is4 xlix4 #ae74 ,! idea b5ea? ^! words is ! ,*ri/ian idea4 ,god loves ,8 p ) a b\ndless love4 ,8 m]cy ext5ds inf9itely beyond ! s9s ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,9 ! consci\sness ( ! great unkn[n prophet :om we call ! second ,isaiah1 we see sket*$1 five c5turies be=eh&1 ! drama ( rep5tance & =giv5ess1 :i* ,jesus1 9 pr(\nd] & yet simpl] words1 sums up = all mank9d 9 ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son4 ,! long p]iod ( affliction & ( mis]y betwe5 ! ,captivity & ! ,adv5t ( ! ,*ri/ is l a "t ( pa9ful ge/ation1 dur+ :i*1 9 ! bosom ( ! ,hebraic tradition1 fecundat$ by ! _s ( ! prophets1 0 prep>$ 9 obscurity ! gospel ( ! ,beatitudes & ( ! ,p>ables4 ,:at a revolution6 ,! anci5t !ocratic law promis$ to ! righte\s l5g? ( days & great abundance ( mat]ial goods4 ,! fri5ds ( ,job reg>d$ him z crim9al because !y saw him 9 adv]sity4 ,! problem ( human de/9y appe>$ to ! lat] prophets z less simple & m tragic4 ,:y d ! wick$ prosp]8 is ! "q ev] on _! lips4 ,:y d ! righte\s suff]8 ,?is spectacle has become s con/ant t ! correlation ( ! words has be5 rev]s$4 ,ri* & wick$ 9 ! ,psalmi/s1 & 9 ! second ,isaiah1 are equival5t t]ms4 ,poor & afflict$ are synonym\s ) ! righte\s & ! fri5ds ( ,god4 ,ri*es & high looks are ! signs ( mal$iction2 humility1 pov]ty1 p]secution1 te>s1 are ! m>ks ( piety & ! pl$ges ( div9e affection4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ! words 7 born t edifi$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians3 ,god resi/e? ! pr\d1 b give? grace to ! humble4 ,ga!r toge!r 9 a common hope ?is family ( little ones1 ( ! defeat$ & unhappy ones ^: he>ts 7 cru%$ & ^: eyes 7 fill$ ) te>s1 & y h ! true p ( ,god1 ! heirs ( all ! promises1 ! little flock to :om x is ! ,fa!r's pleasure to give ! k+dom4 ,x 0 f _! ranks t 0 to come ! ,man ( ,sorr[s1 :o %\ld be sc\rg$ & put to dea? = ! s9s ( ,8 p4 ,! religion ( suff]+ is born4 ,= ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,jehovah1 9 :om is no iniquity1 _c be ! *a/isem5t ( ,8 own crimes2 x w h5ce=? be accept$ z ! necess>y "p t frat]nal solid>ity imposes on ! be/ = ! r$emption ( ! re/4 ,a t5d]1 fragile fl[]1 a bud z yet sc>ce op5$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! prophets1 ?is ?\ght w exp& into ! ,gospel & become ! religion ( mank9d4 ,pity jo9$ to a sev]e ideal ( righte\sness 9 ! notion ( ,god2 morality introduc$ into religion by ! subord9ation ( rites to rectitude ( he>t & w2 hope ( a future ( peace & happ9ess by ! realisation ( righte\sness3 ^! are ! ?ree great ideas bequea!d by ,prophetism to ! ,gospel4 ,?is h]itage is a ri* & lovely "o1 b x mu/ n be ov]-e/imat$ or misund]/ood4 ,we are /ill a long way (f ! ,gospel4 ,! ?\ght ( ! prophets did n g beyond ! n>r[ limits ( a national ,messianism2 x rema9$ ,jewi%1 n only by its =ms & symbols1 b also by ! religi\s privilege :i* is to gu>d ! p ( ,israel 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/4 ,! de/9y ( humanity is /ill b\nd up ) ! de/9y ( ,j]usalem1 & ! triumph ( ! ,jews implies ! p>tial or total defeat & subjection ( ! ,g5tiles 9 ! days ( ! ,messiah & aft] !y are admitt$ into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! sa9ts ( ,israel are ! *ildr5 ( ! h\sehold2 ! hea!n may ent]1 & ev5 %>e 9 ! felicity :i* fills !m1 b only z s]vants & tribut>ies4 ,x %\ld also be not$ t1 9 ! !ology ( ! prophets1 ! object ( ,jehovah's love is n ! individual z a moral be+1 b ! *os5 p4 ,only ! nation c\nts 9 ! eyes ( ! ,et]nal4 ,9 its deliv]ance & triumph ! citiz5s f9d salvation4444 ,!re is some?+ great & ?rill+ 9 ?is ,messianic doctr9e4 ,x elevat$ ! s\l ( a p & ( a religion to ! po9t ( ! sublime4 ,x is some?+ to h giv5 hope to a defeat$ p & a dy+ _w4 ,9 ?is doctr9e also we may note ?is admirable trait3 ?is national triumph is id5tifi$ ) ! adv5t ( righte\sness to all ! e>?4 ,nor h ! hopes ( ,israel be5 beli$4 ,! dream ( ! prophets 0 realis$ 9 ways ( :i* !y did n ?9k1 b 9 a mann] n less m>vell\s4 ,! desc5dants ( ,japhet lodge to-day b5ea? ! t5ts ( ! *ildr5 ( ,%em1 & our eyes may see ! day approa*+ :5 ! anci5t promise made to ,abraham & 8 se$ %all be fulfill$1 & all ! families ( ! e>? be bless$ 9 ,him4 ,betwe5 ! religion ( ! prophets & ! religion ( ,jesus1 h[ev]1 !re is "o m b>ri] to be brok5 d[n4 ,9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! idea ( ! nation mu/ give place to ! idea ( humanity4 ,! univ]sal ,god mu/ be repres5t$ z ! imman5t ,god1 z pres5t 9 e human s\l4 ,8 seat & temple c\ld n be 9 ,j]usalem or 9 ,pale/9e2 x c\ld only be 9 pure & humble he>ts4 ,a supreme crisis 0 necess>y4 ,! ,hebrew nation mu/ p]i% 9 ord] to free ! human consci5ce f its ,jewi% yoke4 ,a div9e fl[] _h be5 =m$ 9 ! he>t ( ,prophetism2 b x w\ld h be5 a b>r5 ornam5t1 _h !re n be5 deposit$ 9 its calix a liv+ & a fruitful g]m4 ,! trans=mation ( ! piety ( ! prophets into a purely moral creation & a ,cov5ant really new ) ,god1 ?is 0 ! "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,t is :y ,jesus is ,he t %\ld come1 ,he :om ! prophets half unconsci\sly desir$1 ,he 9 :om1 to ! pr(it ( all mank9d1 0 complet$ ! religi\s developm5t ( ,israel4 ,its :ole hi/ory ends 9 ,jesus4 ,ap>t f ,him ! inspiration ( ! prophets dies into rabb9ical ,talmudism or w&]s into ! vag>ies & delirium ( ! apocalypses4 ,aft] giv+ bir? to ! ,gospel1 ,judaism dries up & )]s l a tree t has borne its fruit & ^: season is pa/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,*ri/ianity #a4 ,! ,problem ,we come at la/ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,:at is its pr9ciple or ess5ce8 ,?is "q mu/ be answ]$ or we _c judge ( x aright4 ,n[1 dur+ ! eighte5 c5turies ( its hi/ory1 ,*ri/ianity has tak5 s _m & su* v>i\s =ms1 x has receiv$ s _m developm5ts 9 e s5se1 x has become a ?+ s ri* & luxuriant1 t x is f> f easy to discov] b5ea? ?is ?ick gr[? ( in/itutions1 dogmas1 c]emonies1 & devotions ! tap-root ( ! tree f :i* x all has sprung1 & f :i* x /ill d]ives its nutrim5t4 ,x w\ld be next to useless to int]rogate ! ,*ur*es4 ,!y w\ld ea* answ] accord+ to _! (ficial !ologies & ,confessions ( ,fai?4 ,?is1 !y w\ld say1 is ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,ca?olics w\ld say x is ! in/itution & infallible au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 because ev]y?+ re/s on ?is fir/ f\ndation1 & because no "o c be 9 ,*ri/ian tru? :o is outside ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,prote/ants w\ld n be agre$3 "o w\ld propose ! dogma ( ,ju/ification by ,fai?2 ano!r ! au?ority ( ,scripture2 a ?ird ! metaphysical div9ity & ! et]nal pre-exi/5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 "u ! pretext t !y c\ld n conceive ! possibility ( ! subsi/5ce ( ,*ri/ianity )\t ^! dogmas4 ,9 ent]+ on ?is exam9ation we ent] on an int]m9able dispute4 ,! problem1 happily1 is simplifi$ = ! hi/orian & ! psy*ologi/4 ,9 ask+ :at is ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity1 :at d we wi% to "k8 ,simply :at x is t makes a ,*ri/ian a ,*ri/ian4 ,we desire to asc]ta9 :at is ! inw>d elem5t1 pres5t 9 ! s\l1 :i* comp5sates1 at ne$1 = ! abs5ce or defect ( all ! re/1 & :i*1 be+ want+1 _c be suppli$ or comp5sat$ = by any?+ else4 ,9 %ort1 we want to get at ! religi\s exp]i5ce :i* det]m9es & m>ks out ! consci\sness ( all ,*ri/ians1 :i* makes !m memb]s ( "o moral family1 & :i* makes !m to be recognis$ z su* 9 spite ( diff]5ces ( times & place1 ( language & ( culture1 ( rites & ev5 ( beliefs4 ,to seize ?is common feature !re is no ne$ ( polemics2 all we ne$ is a little hi/ory & psy*ology4 ,9 hi/ory1 ,*ri/ianity (f]s itself to u z ! t]m & cr[n ( ! religi\s evolution ( humanity4 ,9 ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ri/ian x is some?+ m2 x !re reveals itself z ! p]fect religion4 ,h[ mu/ we und]/& ?is p]fection8 ,is x ! p]fection ( a complete sy/em ( sup]natural k1 ( a religi\s sci5ce :i* w\ld h be5 /range to =m] g5]ations1 & :i* 0 %>$ by ,*ri/ians alone8 ,9 no wise4 ,if !re are enlight5$ ,*ri/ians1 !re are _m :o are v ignorant4 ,& yet !y are all ,*ri/ians by "o & ! same pr9ciple1 :i* is entirely indep5d5t ( degrees ( culture4 ,no ,*ri/ian w ma9ta9 t 8 k is p]fect4 ,!y all agree ) ,/4 ,paul t at pres5t x is v imp]fect4 ,we see div9e ?+s dimly4 ,:at1 !n1 d !y affirm :o say ) s mu* assurance t ,*ri/ianity is ! p]fect religion8 ,!y affirm t1 religion n be+ an idea b a relation to ,god1 ! p]fect religion is ! p]fect realisation ( _! relation to ,god & ( ,god's relation to !m4 ,& ?is is n1 on _! "p1 a !oretical speculation2 x is ! imm$iate & practical result ( _! inw>d exp]i5ce4 ,!y feel t _! religi\s ne$ is entirely satisfi$1 t ,god has ent]$ ) !m1 & !y ) ,him1 into a relation s intimate & s happy t1 9 ! matt] ( practical religion1 n only c !y imag9e no?+1 b t !y c desire no?+ above x or beyond4 ,!y simply set !mselves to realise m fully & m effectually 9 !mselves ?is supreme relation1 ?is piety ^: pr9ciple is imman5t to !mselves2 !y "k t 9 x !y h ! g]m ( p]fect spiritual developm5t & et]nal life4 ,?is is :y !y affirm )\t ! slighte/ d\bt t ,*ri/ianity is ! ideal & p]fect religion1 ! def9itive religion ( humanity4 ,su* is ! fir/ affirmation ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,"h is ! second4 ,?is p]fect relation betwe5 ,god & my s\l1 ?is supreme religi\s good1 ?is k9d ( piety :i* con/itutes my joy & /r5g?1 :i* enlight5s1 r5ovates1 su/a9s my :ole inn] life1 does n date f myself1 & ,i well "k t x is n my own virtue t has creat$ x4 ,nor c ,i ref] ! orig9 ( x to my p>5ts1 al?\gh ,i may p]haps h receiv$ x ?r\gh !m or ?r\gh my tea*]s2 nor to my ,*ur*1 al?\gh ,i /ill rema9 its cate*um52 = p>5ts1 tea*]s1 *ur*es1 w ackn[l$ge1 ) myself1 t !y h only transmitt$ t :i* !y !mselves receiv$4 ,rem\nt+ ?us ! liv+ *a9 ( ,*ri/ian exp]i5ces1 ,i rea* a fir/ exp]i5ce1 a creative & inaugural exp]i5ce1 :i* has made possible & eng5d]$ all ! re/4 ,t exp]i5ce 0 realis$ 9 ! consci\sness ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i affirm1 !n1 n only t ,*ri/ 0 ! au?or ( ,*ri/ianity1 b t ! fir/ g]m ( x 0 =m$ 9 ,8 inn] life1 & t 9 t life1 fir/ ( all1 t div9e revelation 0 made :i*1 repeat+ & multiply+ itself1 has enlight5$ & quick5$ all mank9d4 ,*ri/ianity is !re=e n only ! ideal1 b an hi/orical religion1 insep>ably connect$ n only ) ! maxims ( morality & ) ! doctr9es ( ,jesus1 b ) ,8 p]son itself1 & ) ! p]man5t action ( ! new _s :i* animat$ ,him1 & :i* lives f g5]ation to g5]ation 9 ,8 disciples4 ,^! are ! two affirmations1 equally imm$iate & equally ess5tial1 ( e ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,n[1 ! :ole !ological problem is h[ to reconcile ! two4 ,h[ c t :i* is ideal & p]fect be realis$ 9 hi/ory8 ,h[ c t :i* is hi/orical be held to be ideal & et]nal8 ,does x n seem z if ^! attributes 7 contradictory & exclusive ( ea* o!r1 & t ,*ri/ianity c\ld n become an ideal religion )\t sev]+ all its l9ks ) a p>ticul> hi/ory1 or t if x w\ld rema9 an hi/orical religion x mu/ r5\nce all pret5sions to absolute p]fection8 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^! two attributes1 are !y n equally necess>y to x8 ,h[ c x subsi/ if x obeys ! =mal & summ>y logic :i* summons u to *oose betwe5 !m8 ,w x be any?+ m ?an a speculative philosophy if cut (f f its hi/oric tradition8 ,w x cont9ue to inspire me ) confid5ce1 w x place me 9 security1 if x ceases to appe> to me to be ! p]fect & def9itive religion8 ,!ology1 f ! beg9n+1 has _h no o!r task2 at all ev5ts1 x has _h no task m ardu\s or press+ ?an t ( reconcil+ ^! two data4 ,!re h always be5 two t5d5cies among/ !ologians correspond+ to two families ( m9ds3 ! ,ideali/ t5d5cy--t ( ,orig5 & 8 emulators1 :i* puts ! emphasis en ideas & con/ructs a religi\s metaphysic or gnosis1 :i* ( necessity rationalises dogma1 & = :i* hi/ory is b a tempor>y envelope1 a sort ( ext]nal & s5sible illu/ration2 & ! ,reali/ t5d5cy1 repres5t$ by ! g5ius ( ,t]tullian1 :i*1 obey+ an opposite in/9ct1 mat]ialises ideas1 gives an an?ropomorphic body to ev]y?+1 ev5 to ,god1 deifies ph5om5a1 & *anges cont+5t hi/ory into an et]nal metaphysic4 ,f ^! two t5d5cies1 p]petual & p>allel1 h issu$ ! two solutions giv5 by ,rationalism & by ,or?odoxy to ! problem z to ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! fir/ f9ds t ess5ce 9 a few simple tru?s ( reason or ( consci\sness1 :i* are ( all "t & all l&s1 & :i* impose !mselves on e man by _! own natural evid5ce4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! prea*] & ! m>tyr ( ^! tru?s2 b x is cle> t ,8 p]sonality is no m ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity ?an t ( ,plato is to 8 philosophy4 ,only1 m9d1 9 ?us sev]+ itself f ,*ri/ ! ,*ri/ian ,religion ceases to be positive & becomes an ab/ract & dead doctr9e2 x loses its religi\s pi? & p[]4 ,or?odoxy1 :e!r ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant1 avoids ?is reef b /rikes ^u ano!r4 ,9 mak+ ( ,*ri/ ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,et]nal ,tr9ity1 ! ,son ( ! ,fa!r1 consub/antial & equal1 x removes ,him f hi/ory & transports ,him into metaphysics4 ,b ?us to deify hi/ory is also 9 a fa%ion to de/roy x4 ,! dogma annuls ! limit$1 cont+5t1 & human "* ( ! appe>ance ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,8 life loses all reality4 ,we h no long] a man be=e our eyes1 al?\gh ! ,*ur*1 !oretically1 ma9ta9s ! humanity ( ,*ri/ alongside ,8 div9ity4 ,?is fatally absorbs ev]y?+4 ,we h only a deity walk+ 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 contempor>ies1 hidd5 b5ea? a human figure4 ,! traditional ,*ri/ology has be5 s incurably ,docetic t x has be5 practically impossible1 f ?is po9t ( view1 to write a s]i\s ,life ( ,jesus )\t fall+ into ! h]esy at once mod]n & semi-pagan ( ,k5osis1 ! !ory accord+ to :i* ! pre-exi/5t & et]nal deity commits suicide by inc>nat+ ,himself 9 ord] gradually to be re-born & f9d ,himself ,god aga9 at ! end ( ,8 human life4 ,c ?is /rait be cross$8 ,is !re a passage betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis8 ,n s long z y cl+ to ! intellectuali/ conception :i* =ms ! error common to bo? ,rationalism & ,or?odoxy1 & ensures _! f9al failure4 ,if ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity lies 9 ! revelation ( natural tru?s or sup]natural dogmas1 ! problem is insoluble4 ,all ,apologetics w inevitably da% !mselves to pieces aga9/ ! insurm\ntable contradiction t !y w soon enc\nt]4 ,/rauss's argum5tation1 :i* ! philosoph]s d n cease to repeat1 & :i* ! !ologians pret5d n to he>1 spr+s into "o's m9d4 ,s f> f weak5+ x1 ! hi/orical /udies ( ! pa/ half c5tury h only add$ %>pness to its edge4 ,! idea does n p\r all its ri*es into a s+le individual4 ,! ,absolute does n desc5d into hi/ory4 ,x is aga9/ all analogy t ! fulness ( p]fection %\ld be met ) at ! outset ( any evolution :atsoev]2 ^? :o place x at ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity are victims ( ! same illusion z ! anci5ts1 :o plac$ ! ,gold5 ,age at ! beg9n+ ( human hi/ory4 ,be=e go+ fur!r x may be conv5i5t to e/imate ! /r5g? & weakness ( ?is fam\s dilemma1 & to inquire h[ we may escape f x4 ,! traditional !ology succumbs to x4 ,b ?is only proves t t !ology ne$s re=m+4 ,let u place ourselves at a diff]5t po9t ( view1 & exam9e = a mom5t ! idea ( p]fection :i* s]ves z ! premise to ,/rauss's reason+4 ,:5 he speaks ( ! total or pl5>y p]fection :i* _c be f\nd 9 ! fir/ l9k ( an hi/orical *a91 he d\btless means a quantitative p]fection--t is to say1 a complete collection ( virtues1 m]its1 & faculties ! num]ical addition ( :i* makes ! notion entire4 ,n[1 f ?is po9t ( view1 ,/rauss's obs]vation is inconte/able4 ,nei!r ! p]fection ( sci5ce compris+ all sci5tific discov]ies1 nor ! p]fection ( civilisation embrac+ all ! progress & all ! =ms ( human life1 are ev] f\nd or c\ld be f\nd at ! beg9n+ or at any giv5 mom5t 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,"o individual1 h[ev] great1 c\ld n exhau/ ! life or lab\r ( ! species s z to r5d] evolution useless4 ,b h y notic$ t ?is idea ( p]fection is contradictory1 & !re=e *im]ical8 ,"u ! category ( quantity or ( ext5sion !re c\ld be no real p]fection ei!r = ! individual or = ! species4 ,no soon] is any?+ t c be c\nt$ or measur$ conceiv$ ?an ! m9d in/antly conceives some?+ great]4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z p]fect numb]4 ,"h !re=e x is ne$ful to make an ess5tial di/9ction4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! quantity & ! quality1 or r1 ! int5sity1 ( be+4 ,n[1 betwe5 ! degrees ( bo? ^! ?+s !re is n ! slighte/ relation1 nor consequ5tly any common measure4 ,& t :i* is true 9 ! "o becomes false 9 ! o!r4 ,take a cubic metre ( /one1 multiply x by a ?\s& or a million1 y w /ill h ! same /one--t is to say1 !re is n m true reality 9 a million cubic metres ( /one ?an !re is 9 "o4 ,b let a bit ( moss spr+ up 9 a fissure 9 t /one2 9 t bit ( liv+ moss !re is m be+1 or1 if y w1 be+ ( a high] quality ?an t ( a :ole mass ( rocks4 ,/ill1 d n =get t x ne$$ a g]m to produce x1 & t ?is g]m 0 a sort ( positive p]fection 9 relation to all inorganic matt]1 ^: la/ end is life4 ,?is is :y we may boldly say t evolution is n ! cause ( any?+2 t no developm5t ev] gives m ?an :at is hidd5 9 ! new g]m :i* eng5d]s x2 t a hundr$ ?\s& imbeciles d n make a man ( g5ius1 & t if man desc5d$ f a monkey all ! monkeys 9 creation put toge!r d n make up "o human consci\sness4 ,f ?is syn!tic po9t ( view1 x w no long] seem contradictory1 b natural1 & 9 full accordance ) ! analogies ( hi/ory1 t we %\ld meet 9 ! p]son ( ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity t p]fect relation to ,god1 t p]fection ( piety :i* e ,*ri/ian /ill exp]i5ces )9 himself1 & :i* he decl>es he has drawn f communion ) ,him4 ,la/ly1 let u =tify ourselves1 & f9i% ?is brief /atem5t ( ?is some:at novel view ) ,pascal's pregnant words4 ,!re are1 he says1 ?ree ord]s ( greatness4 ,f all bodies put toge!r y c\ld n extract "o ?\ght1 if !re 7 n fir/ a m9d to conceive x4 ,f all ?\ghts y c\ld n draw a s+le movem5t ( *>ity1 if !re 7 n !re a he>t to produce & feel x ,s f> f ne$+ to manife/ !mselves by ! same attributes1 ^! v>i\s k9ds ( greatness are absolutely indep5d5t ( ea* o!r & ev5 incomm5surable4 ,t :i* makes "o %9e =? w\ld dim9i% or obscure ! o!rs4 ,alex&] came ) a pomp :i* dazzl$ ! eyes & a/oni%$ ! imag9ations ( m]e c>nal m54 ,ar*im$es _h no ne$ ( ! pomp ( ,alex&] 9 ord] to impress ! m9ds ( m52 8 greatness1 purely intellectual1 0 ( an altoge!r diff]5t ord]4 ,&1 s1 ! ,*ri/ did n come ) ! eclat ( ,alex&] or ,ar*im$es4 ,8 greatness is ( ano!r ord] /ill4 ,x is 9 fact s diff]5t t nei!r ! glory ( ! conqu]or nor ! pot5cy ( g5ius w\ld add any?+ to x1 & t x _h ne$1 ! bett] to %9e =? to all1 to appe> 9 l[l9ess & humiliation4 ,!re=e ,he 0 humble1 pati5t1 g5tle1 holy t[>ds ,god1 m]ciful t[>ds man1 t]rible to all ! ho/s ( d>kness4 ,)\t s91 )\t ext]nal goods1 )\t ! productions ( sci5ce1 ,he 0 9 ,8 own ord]4 ,oh1 ) :at pomp1 ) :at transc5d5t magnific5ce1 did ,he appe> to ! eyes ( ! he>t t disc]ns true wisdom6 #b4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple ,we mu/ !re=e come to ! religi\s consci\sness ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z to ! f\nta9head f :i* ! ,*ri/ian /ream has fl[$4 ,x is c]ta9 t we %all f9d 9 x ! pr9ciple & ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 = x w\ld be too p>adoxical to ma9ta9 t ! ,ma/] alone 0 exclud$ f ! b5efit ( ! religion t ,he has bequea!d to all ,8 disciples4 ,no2 we may affirm 9 all security t ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity 0 at fir/ ! v pr9ciple ( ! consci\sness ( ,*ri/4 ,to det]m9e ! "o w be to def9e ! o!r4 ,:at we call ! religi\s consci\sness ( a man is ! feel+ ( ! relation 9 :i* he /&s1 & wills to /&1 to ! univ]sal pr9ciple on :i* he kn[s himself to dep5d1 & ) ! univ]se 9 :i* he sees himself to be a "p ( "o great :ole4 ,if !n we w\ld "k exactly :at 0 ! ess5tial elem5t 9 ! consci\sness ( ,jesus1 :at 0 ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( ,8 piety1 we mu/ ask 9 :at relation did ,he feel ,himself to /& t[>ds ,god & t[>ds ! univ]se4 ,! answ] w be nei!r difficult nor unc]ta94 ,if !re are matt]s on :i* ! true ?\ght ( ! ,ma/] rema9s obscure1 no?+ %9es out ) m evid5ce & cont9uity ?r\gh all ,8 tea*+ & ,8 life ?an ! religi\s attitude ( ,8 s\l t[>ds ,god & man4 ,he felt ,himself to be 9 a filial relation t[>ds ,god1 & ,he felt t ,god 0 9 a pat]nal relation t[>ds ,him4 ,! "n ( ,fa!r t ,he gives to ,god cont9ually1 exclusively1 uniquely2 ! "n ( ,son t ,he takes to ,himself2 ! nature ( ,8 adoration2 ! =m ( ,8 pray]2 ! motive ( ,8 devot$ ob$i5ce ev5 unto dea?2 ! way 9 :i* ,he works ,8 cures1 hails ,8 fir/ successes1 accepts ! app>5t failure ( ,8 "w1 & expla9s ! incr$ulity ( ,8 p1--all ann\nce1 manife/1 & confirm t intimate relation1 t communion & union ( _s1 by :i* a fa!r prolongs 8 life 9 ! life ( 8 *ild1 & ! *ild feels himself to live by ! life ( 8 fa!r4 ,?is 0 cle>ly ! ess5tial elem5t 9 ,8 consci\sness1 ! di/9ctive & orig9al feature ( ,8 piety2 x is also ! pr9ciple & ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,t :i* we obs]ve 9 ! consci\sness ( ,jesus we f9d 9 ! exp]i5ce ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,!y are ,*ri/ians exactly 9 proportion z ! filial piety ( ,jesus is reproduc$ 9 !m4 ,!y are recognis$ by ?is unique b suffici5t sign1 by ! confid5ce ) :i* !y call ,god _! ,fa!r1 ab&on+ !mselves to ,8 love = all t reg>ds _! pres5t or future de/9y1 & liv+ a life ( self-r5unciation & ( devotion to ! good ( o!rs4 ,all ^: inn] life has be5 rais$ f ! region ( selfi%ness & pride to ! high] realm ( love & life 9 ,god1--:o h f\nd 9 t pr(\nd conv]sion1 toge!r ) ! p>don & oblivion ( _! pa/1 ! g]m ( a high] life1--( ! p]fect1 &1 by consequ5ce1 et]nal life1 are ! true religi\s po/]ity ( ,*ri/2 !y reproduce ,8 _s1 cont9ue ,8 "w1 & are z dep5d5t ^u ,him & z l ,him religi\sly z are ! desc5dants ( an ance/or ^: blood & ^: life h n ceas$ = an in/ant to fl[ 9 _! ve9s4 ,?is feel+1 filial 9 reg>d to ,god1 frat]nal 9 reg>d to man1 is t :i* makes a ,*ri/ian1 & consequ5tly x is ! common trait ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,x %\ld be add$ t ?is pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity admirably corresponds to ! two fundam5tal affirmations ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness already e/abli%$4 ,! contradiction t appe>$ to u s m5ac+ is ?us resolv$ & reconcil$4 ,on ! "o h&1 ,*ri/ianity1 by ?is filial union ) ,god1 is se5 to be ! ideal & p]fect religion2 on ! o!r1 x appe>s z a real fact 9 ! consci\sness ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 s t ?is religi\s reality comes to u ) ! imp]ative "* ( ! ideal4 ,?r\gh prejudice m5 may neglect religion1 b if !y desire to h "o !y c nei!r desire nor imag9e a relation at once clos] & m moral1 m sacr$ & m joy\s1 fre] & m tru/ful1 ?an t :i* 0 inaugurat$ 9 ! filial consci\sness ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at c !y h 9 ! %ape ( life sup]ior to ! life ( p]fect & reciprocal affection1--,god giv+ ,himself to man & realis+ 9 him ,8 pat]nity1 man giv+ himself to ,god )\t fe>1 & realis+ 9 ,him 8 humanity8 ,is n religi\s evolution accompli%$ :5 ^! two t]ms1 ,god & man1 oppos$ to ea* o!r at ! orig9 ( consci\s life on e>?1 int]p5etrate ea* o!r till !y rea* ! moral unity ( love1 9 :i* ,god becomes int]ior to man & lives 9 him1 9 :i* man becomes int]ior to ,god & f9ds 9 ,god ! full expansion ( 8 be+8 ,*ri/ianity is !re=e ! absolute & f9al religion ( mank9d4 ,at ! same "t1 ?is filial piety 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus & ,8 foll[]s is an obs]vable ph5om5on2 s t ! ideally p]fect religion has manife/$ itself f ! beg9n+ z an hi/orical & positive religion4 ,x is n an ab/ract ideal1 a !oretical doctr9e1 float+ above humanity1 b a pr9ciple & a tradition ( new life1 an inexhau/ibly fruitful g]m ins]t$ 9 human life to raise x1 n 9 idea b 9 fact1 to a high] =m4 ,t :i* ! fir/ human consci\sness 0 on e>?1 sep>at+ itself f its mat]nal animality1 & br++ ) x ! k+dom ( man1 ! initiative consci\sness ( ,*ri/1 issu+ f ! bosom ( antique humanity1 has be51 & x has f\nd$ on our humble planet ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! k+dom1 i4e41 ( free1 pure _s1 ( righte\sness & love4 ,we are no long] !re=e 9 face ( a rational doctr9e or a speculative view1 b ( a positive =ce1 ( a p[] ( life ) :i* no "o c break 7,i d n say 9 =m & f )\t1 b 9 fact & 9 ! inn] man7 )\t at ! same "t break+ ) ! high] life ( _s z well z ) all hope & joy1 & heal? ( s\l4 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple appe>s 9 its simple & nak$ =m1 9 ! =m ( feel+ & ( inspiration1 9 ! s\l ( ,jesus4 ,x is describ$1 expla9$1 exp&$1 9 ,8 ,gospel4 ,! ,gospel 9 fact is m]ely ! popul> translation & ! imm$iate application ( ! pr9ciple ( ! piety ( ,jesus 9 ! social milieu 9 :i* ,he liv$4 ,ev]y?+ spr+s f ,8 filial consci\sness z a natural & wond]ful effloresc5ce3 ,8 messianic vocation1 ,8 tw(old m9i/ry ( prea*+ & heal+1 ,8 de$s & ,8 disc\rses1 ,8 e?ics & ,8 doctr9e1 ! absolute gift ( ,himself 9 life & dea?4 ,we mu/ place ourselves at ?is lum9\s c5tre if we w\ld see ! re/ d>t =? l rays4 ,9 x is f\nd ! inn]1 liv+ unity ( ,8 tea*+ & ,8 de/9ation4 ,he promulgates no law or dogma2 ,he f\nds no (ficial in/itution4 ,8 int5tion is q diff]5t3 ,he wi%es1 be=e ev]y?+ else1 to awak5 ! moral life1 to r\se ! s\l f its in]tia1 to break its *a9s1 to light5 its burd51 to make x active1 free1 & fruitful4 ,he reg>ds ,8 "w z f9i%$ :5 ,he has communicat$ ,8 life1 ,8 piety1 to a few poor consci\snesses t ,he f\nd asleep & dead4 ,nev] man spake l ?is man1 because nev] _h man less conc]n ab\t :at we call or?odoxy--t is1 ab\t ab/ract & accurate =mulas4 ,he pref]s ! language ( ! p to ! language ( ! s*ools2 ,he makes use ( images1 p>ables1 p>adoxes1 ( curr5t & traditional ideas1 ( e =m ( expression :i*1 tak5 lit]ally1 is ! mo/ inadequate 9 ! _w1 b :i*1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! mo/ liv+ & /imulat+4 ,ea* ( ,8 s5t5ces or p>ables is enclos$ 9 a h>d %ell t has to be brok5 be=e y c get at ! k]nel4 ,jesus wi%$ to =ce ,8 he>]s to int]pret ,8 words1 because ,he call$ !m to an inw>d1 p]sonal1 autonom\s activity1 because ,he wi%$ to put an end to ! religion ( ! lett] & ( rites1 & to f\nd ! religion ( ! _s4 ,ev5 n[1 he t does n give himself to ?is lab\r ( int]pretation & assimilation 9 read+ ! ,gospel1--he :o does n p5etrate ?r\gh ! lett] & ! =m to ! inspiration & ! inmo/ consci\sness ( ! ,ma/]1--_c und]/& or pr(it by ,8 tea*+4 ,he :o does n collaborate ) ,him :ile li/5+ to ,him1 :o does n pi]ce ?r\gh ,8 words to ,8 s\l1 w come away empty4 ,he only gives to ^? :o h1 or at lea/ desire to h4 ,he only leads ! seek] to ! tru?4 ,he only p>dons ^? :o rep5t1 or com=ts ^? :o m\rn1 or fills ! hung]]s & ! ?ir/]s aft] righte\sness4 ,su* is ! "* ( ,8 ,gospel4 ,we _c "h set =? its cont5ts2 we c only note ! religi\s attitude ( ,jesus ) reg>d to ?+s & m51 to ,nature & ,society4 ,at peace ) ,god1 ,jesus f\nd ,himself at peace ) ! univ]se4 ,! idea ( ,nature1 t =midable scre5 erect$ betwe5 ourselves & ,god1 de/roy+ hope & qu5*+ pray]1 did n exi/ = ,him4 ,nature--t 0 ! ,w ( ,8 ,fa!r4 ,he submitt$ to x ) confid5ce & joy1 :]eas we submit to x ) desp]ate resignation4 ,he did n feel ,himself to be an orphan or an exile 9 ! _w2 ,he conduct$ ,himself 9 x ) ease & 9 security1 n z a slave1 b z a son 9 ! h\se :i* ! ,fa!r fill$ ) ,8 pres5ce4 ,x is ! ,fa!r t directs all ?+s2 ,he makes ,8 sun to %9e ^u ! evil & ! good2 ,he wat*es ov] ! sp>r[s2 ,he clo!s ! lilies ( ! field2 ,he gives life & food1 ! body & raim5t2 ,he notices ! "w we h to d1 ! trials we mu/ be>4 ,he nev] leaves u to ourselves4 ,8 _s vivifies & =tifies our own4 ,he is at ! orig9 ( our life & at ! end4 ,we are ev] 9 ! ,fa!r's h&s4 ,! outlook ( ,jesus1 x is true1 is n our own4 ,he %>$ ! outlook ( ,8 race & "t4444 ,b ,8 filial piety did n dep5d ^u ,8 k ( ! univ]se4 ,! am\nt ( culture does n c\nt 9 ?is ord] ( feel+s4 ,irreligion 0 n less easy or less frequ5t !n ?an n[1 & if ,8 outlook on ! univ]se 0 n>r[]1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t x 0 less full ( sc&al\s fatalities1 ( moral difficulties1 ( rude %ocks to piety & fai?4 ,! _w ( ! apocalypses1 :i* 0 ! _w 9 :i* ,jesus _h to live & act1 0 n less full ( my/]ies & t]rors ?an our own4 ,8 filial piety alone gave ,him ! means & /r5g? by :i* to ov]come !m4 ,! duty ( man1 ,he consid]$1 0 to *ange 8 he>t r ?an to *ange ! ord] ( ?+s1 i4e4 ! w ( ,god4 ,!re is no trace ( sorc]y or magic or ! appetite = miracles 9 ! pray] ,he taught to ,8 disciples4 ,at bottom x am\nts to ?is3 ,our ,fa!r1 let ,?y w be done6 ,8 he>t-ob$i5ce 0 compos$ half ( *ildlike confid5ce1 half ( h]oic r5unciation4 ,9 face ( ,8 trials ,he submitt$ )\t weakness & )\t compla9t1 & 9 face ( dea? ,he brea!d ! pray] ( fai?1 ! only "o t /ill rema9s to u3 ,fa!r1 into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4 ,9 face ( ! univ]se & its laws ! individual ego is necess>ily call$ on to submit & to r5\nce itself4 ,! only matt] ( importance is to "k ^u :at alt> we %all make ?is sacrifice4 ,^? :o (f] x on ! alt> ( t bl9d div9ity1 ! nature ( ?+s1 rema9 /ill unconsol$4 ,^? :o1 ) ,jesus1 make x 9 ! arms ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 accompli% x ) /r5g? & joy4 ,f ! awak5+ ( consci\sness to its highe/ po9t ( developm5t1 man c>ries )9 him ?is radical contradiction3 he feels t !re is a mortal conflict betwe5 ! idea t he gradually =ms ( ! _w & ! idea he =ms ( himself4 ,! ego wi%es to conqu] & does actually conqu] ! _w2 x ev5 goes beyond x by ?\ght2 b ! _w has its rev5ge2 x dom9ates ! ego1 x cru%es x b5ea? ! weight ( its inv9cible laws1 & x swall[s x up1--itself1 its ef=ts1 its works1 its ?\ght1--l an ephem]al non5tity4 ,jesus felt ?is opposition2 ,he suff]$ f ?is conflict4 ,he resolv$ ! anti!sis by a ?ird t]m1 9 :i* 0 realis$ ! o!r two3 ! notion ( ! ,fa!r1 ^: b5efic5t w is equally sov]eign 9 man & 9 ! univ]se4 ,& x is ?is happy solution ( ! enigma ( life t /ill r5d]s ! religion ( ,jesus ! religion ( hope4 ,among/ m51 9 ! mid/ ( society1 ,jesus felt o!r relations & new obligations =m$ 9 ,8 he>t4 ,8 filial piety became a frat]nal piety4 ,! fir/ comm&m5t1 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?9e he>t1 necess>ily gave bir? to ! second3 ,& ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,! ,fa!r :o lives 9 me lives equally 9 my neighb\r2 ,he loves him z mu* z ,he loves me4 ,i ought !re=e to love ,him 9 my neighb\r z well z 9 myself4 ,?is pat]nal pres5ce ( ,god 9 all human s\ls creates 9 !m n only a l9k b a sub/antial & moral unity :i* makes !m memb]s ( "o body1 :atev] may be ! ext]nal & cont+5t diff]5ces :i* sep>ate !m4 ,f ! ,fa!rhood 9 heav5 fl[s ! bro!rhood on e>?4 ,f a relation ( righte\sness & love t[>ds ,god spr+s a simil> relation betwe5 m54 ,9 ?us def9+ ! religi\s connection ( ,jesus ) ,8 bre?r5 ,i am afraid ( weak5+ x4 ,= ,him x 0 n a matt] ( !ory2 = ,he nev] con/ruct$ any !ory or =mulat$ any doctr9e ( human frat]nity2 x 0 ) ,him a passionate s5tim5t1 a deep-felt solid>ity & k9%ip1 a true family life1 9 :i* ?is ,eld] ,bro!r's he>t rev]b]at$ on ! "o h& ) ! love & pity ( ! ,fa!r1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) ! mis]ies & di/resses ( ,8 bre?r54 ,9 ,8 p>ables ,jesus does n say ,! ,fa!r simply2 ,he habitually says ! fa!r ( ! family1 ! head ( ! h\se4 ,x is because ! fa!r does n exi/ )\t 8 *ildr51 & because humanity1 on e>? at lea/1 is ! family1 by means ( :i* ! pat]nity ( ,god is realis$4 ,b 9 ! society ( m5 ,jesus enc\nt]$ s9 ) all its effects 9 ! %ape ( moral de=mity & physical suff]+4 ,f ! contact ( ,8 filial piety ) ?is enorm\s human mis]y sprang a tw(old appeal3 ! voice ( ,8 ,fa!r 9 ,8 s\l1 ! pla9t ( ,8 bre?r5 all ar\nd2 & to ?is d\ble cry ! answ] 0--,8 m9i/ry ( relief1 ( consolation1 & salvation3 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l is ^u ,me1 because ,he ha? ano9t$ ,me to prea* good tid+s to ! poor2 ,he ha? s5t ,me to proclaim release to ! captives1 & recov]+ ( sight to ! bl9d1 to set at lib]ty !m t are bruis$1 to proclaim ! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l 7,luke iv4 #ah1 #ai1 ,r4,v474 ,x all fl[s f ! same s\rce4 ,x 0 n only individuals :o ne$$ to be heal$ & sav$4 ,! family ( ,god 0 n less brok5 d[n1 oppress$1 disorganis$1 by all ! p[]s ( evil1 a prey to hatr$1 selfi% ambition1 inte/9e w>s4 ,w\ld x n be necess>y "h also to effect a "w ( re/oration1 to recon/ruct ?is family s highly-fav\r$ ( ! ,fa!r = ! salvation ( ! _w1 to inaugurate ! k+dom ( ,god ann\nc$ by s _m ( ! prophets1 & expect$ s impati5tly by all pi\s s\ls & all ! victims ( unrighte\sness8 ,?is 0 ,8 messianic vocation4 ,b h[ w\ld ?is victory ( ! ,messiah be realis$8 ,w\ld x be ! "w ( ,div9e p[]1 fla%+ =? & execut+ its pitiless reprisals8 ,s9ce ! pat]nal he>t ( ,god _h be5 op5$ & p\r$ into ,8 own1 ,jesus _h p]ceiv$ ano!r law & ano!r =ce1 ! law & =ce ( love1 :i* triumphs by self-sacrifice4 ,soon !re arose 9 ,8 consci\sness a new image ( ! ,messiah1 t ( ! ,s]vant ( ,jehovah1 be>+ ! s9s & mis]ies ( ,8 p1 bruis$1 humiliat$1 dy+ to procure !m life & heal+4 ,x 0 ! gospel ( ! ,cross4 ,! fur!r ,he advanc$ 9 ?is empty+ ( self1 & 9 ?is "w ( love & pa91 ! l>g] & m lum9\s became ! revelation ( ! ,fa!r 9 ,8 s\l4 ,:5 at la/ ,he _h ! cle> & p]fect consci\sness t ,he _h no long] any w to d b ! w ( ,god1 no o!r plan to foll[ ?an ,8 my/]i\s designs1 no o!r cause to s]ve & to def5d b ,81 ,he did n d\bt ! f9al victory2 ,8 fai? %one =? triumphantly1 appropriat+ to itself1 to express itself 9 p]fect fre$om1 ! bolde/ promises ( ! ,anci5t ,te/am5t & ( ! contempor>y apocalyptic se]s4 ,by ,8 union ) ! ,fa!r1 ! heir ( ! pa/ felt ,himself ma/] ( ! future4 ,on ! ?rone ( immolat$ love ,he has f\nd$ a k+dom t w nev] end4 ,su* is ! inn] secret ( ,8 hope1 su* ! moral & religi\s mean+ ( ,8 prophecies ( spe$y victory1 & ( ,8 return ^u ! cl\ds ( heav54 ,jesus 0 fond ( say+ t a wise man knew h[ to br+ =? f ! treasury ( 8 he>t ?+s new & old4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t ,he accompli%$ ! mo/ radical ( religi\s revolutions :ile seem+ only to fulfil ! law & ! prophets4 ,:at 0 !re !n t 0 s new & pot5t 9 ! lea/ ( ,8 disc\rses8 ,! treasure ( ,8 filial consci\sness4 ,! inn] inspiration spr++ up 9 !m incessantly gives to e detail ( ,8 tea*+1 ! olde/ words1 ! mo/ famili> metaphors1 a mean+ altoge!r new1 a rea* & be>+ inf9ite4 ,8 spee* conf9es itself to ! anti!sis t _h become traditional ) all ! prophets1 ( man's weakness & ,god's /r5g?1 ( s9 & p>don1 ( rep5tance & confid5ce1 ( sickness & heal+1 ( humility & exaltation4 ,b ,he _h a way ( look+ at !m1 & ev5 ( mak+ !m spr+ out ( ea* o!r1 t entirely r5ovat$ !m4 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s1 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav56 ,bless$ are !y t m\rn1 = !y %all be com=t$6 ,bless$ are !y t hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness1 = !y %all be fill$6 ,to press ?us & to /imulate ! s5se ( ne$1 ( mis]y & s91 s f> t x *anges into its opposite2 to draw ri*es out ( pov]ty1 com=t out ( sorr[1 victori\s /r5g? f weakness2 to f9d 9 sorr[ = s9 ! g]m ( sa9tly life & 9 hung] & ?ir/ ! v s\rce ( satisfaction2 to make e human s\l ?us pass ?r\gh ?is inw>d drama ( rep5tance & conv]sion 9 :i* x is reg5]at$ & r5ew$1--su* is ! unique b admirable & all pot5t my/]y ( ! ,gospel4 ,*ri/ did n con/ruct a !ory ( man1 ( 8 moral life1 any m ?an ,he con/ruct$ a !ory ) respect to ,god & ! univ]se4 ,he 0 cont5t to place ,himself at ! c5tre ( ! human consci\sness1 & to dig d[n to ! s\rce ( life4 ,he takes man z he is 9 all climates & 9 all conditions4 ,he does n decl>e him to be radically impot5t = good1 b nei!r does ,he flatt] him by veil+ 8 natural mis]y4 ,he kn[s him to be ard5t & feeble1 full ( ne$s & ( illusions1 capable ( conv]sion1 subject to all passions1 ! victim ( all slav]ies4 ,he treats him z diseas$1 :i* is ! tru?1 & ,he does n ?9k ,he c make him f9d ! pr9ciple ( a s]i\s cure1 save 9 ! v s5se ( 8 malady4 ,s f> f blunt+ ! edge ( ! moral law1 ,he %>p5s x z "o %>p5s a dissect+ knife 9 ord] ! bett] to pi]ce ! liv+ fle% & p5etrate to ! v jo9ts & m>r[2 ,he inf9itely enhances ! dem&s ( ! traditional ideal2 f ! outw>d act ,he desc5ds to ! inw>d feel+2 ,he makes lu/ equal to adult]y1 & ang] or hatr$ to murd] itself4 ,he tells ,8 disciples to love _! enemies1 to pray = ^? :o p]secute !m1 to answ] viol5ce by g5tl5ess1 & injuries by love4 ,he speaks ?us n to weak5 ! vig\r ( righte\sness1 b because ,he sees 9 love & g5tl5ess a high] righte\sness & ! sole means ( secur+ ! f9al triumph ( good ov] evil4 ,t is :y ! righte\sness ( ,8 fri5ds exce$s ! righte\sness ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,x is no long] dictat$ by an outw>d lett]1 b x has1 = s\l1 ! v _s ( ! ,fa!r1 &1 = inw>d rule1 ! ideal ! ,ma/] has lit up 9 ! consci5ce3 ,be ye p]fect1 ev5 z y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect4 ,?is morality w\ld easily become ascetic & appe> impossible if x 7 n bl5d$ ) an opposite elem5t :i* r5d]s x human & fruitful )\t ei!r l[]+ or de/roy+ x4 ,t elem5t is m]cy & =giv5ess2 x is pure1 unconditional grace :i* 9 mis]y makes room = hope1 & 9 rep5tance op5s ! door to fai? & to ! "w ( fai?4 ,^! two elem5ts1 inexorable law & unconditional grace1 are s intimately bl5d$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ t ! ,gospel only subsi/s 9 its orig9ality & ) its p[] by _! p]fect fusion & reciprocal & con/ant action4 ,)\t ! inflexible rig\rs ( ! moral ideal1 rep5tance w\ld n be possible--at lea/ x w\ld nev] be pr(\nd en\gh to produce ! r5ovation ( ! he>t2 b1 )\t fai? 9 ! div9e m]cy1 rep5tance itself1 *ang+ into despair1 w\ld be b>r5 & ineffectual4 ,^! two elem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian life are z fruitful by _! union z !y are impot5t & liable to deg5]ation :5 isolat$ or oppos$4 ,:at does ,*ri/ian law become )\t ! s5tim5t ( love1 )\t ! impulse ( m]cy1 b a sort ( moral ,/oicism1 rigid & sev]e8 ,& :at w\ld be ! doctr9e ( grace ap>t f ! sacr$ obligation ( ! law b ! !ory ( a mis*iev\s indulg5ce or a ,pagan my/icism8 ,to decompose ! ,gospel salt is to de/roy its sav\r4 99 99 99 99 99 #d4 ,a ,necess>y ,di/9ction ,at ! close ( ?is long m$itation1 "o ?+ seems to me v cle>1 ! necessity1 or r ! obligation "u :i* ,i /& h5ce=? ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! purely moral ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity & all its hi/orical expressions or realisations1 ev5 ! highe/ & mo/ fai?ful ( !m4 ,if religion is an inw>d life1 a real & felt relation betwe5 ,god & man1 & if ,*ri/ianity is t life c>ri$ to a high] degree1 x is c]ta9 t religion 9 g5]al1 & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul>1 mu/ h ! two *>act]i/ics ( all liv+ ?+s4 ,life is a =ce1 ideal 9 its ess5ce1 real 9 its manife/ations4 ,x c only manife/ itself 9 ! organisms t x creates & animates4 ,b1 :ile inc>nat+ itself 9 its works1 x does n exhau/ itself or rema9 imprison$ 9 any ( !m4 ,jesus 0 well aw>e ( ?is :5 ,he comp>$ ,8 gospel to ! leav5 :i* raises ! d\gh & to ! se$ :i* g]m9ates 9 ! soil into :i* x falls4 ,?is necess>y di/9ction w nei!r be made nor admitt$ by ev]ybody4 ,_m :o conc$e x 9 !ory d5y x 9 practice4 ,prote/ants smile at ! ,ca?olics1 :o id5tify ,*ri/ianity ) ! ,*ur*4 ,b :ile admitt+ & mak+ ! di/9ction1 :5 x comes to p>ticul> *ur*es & p>ticul> sy/ems ( dogmas1 !y resi/ & prote/ 9 _! turn1 if x becomes necess>y to apply x to ! ,bible1 & to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,^w & its human & hi/orical expression4 ,%\ld we g fur!r /ill8 ,may we1 ought we 9 all fidelity to apply ! di/9ction to ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ itself & to ! primitive =m 9 :i* x has come d[n to u8 ,mo/ ( ^? :o h accompani$ u ?us f> w n[ recoil & leave u4 ,!y w employ aga9/ u ! v same argum5ts :i* appe> to !m s pitiful :5 us$ ) respect to ! ,*ur* & to ! ,bible4 ,= my "p1 ,i _c compreh5d ?is fe> ( ! fre$om left to criticism4 ,x seems to me impossible to d5y t 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus !re are p>ts :i* are unc]ta91 ?+s :i* h be5 ei!r badly und]/ood or badly report$1 an ori5tal & cont+5t =m :i* ne$s to be translat$ into our mod]n languages4 ,:o does n see t nei!r 9 ,8 language nor 9 ,8 ?\ght is !re any?+ absolute8 ,bo? ( !m are con/antly det]m9$ by ! g5]ally receiv$ ideas ( ,8 "t1 ! /ate ( m9d ( ,8 int]locutors2 & unless y desire to d5y t ,jesus 0 a man ( ,8 age & ( ,8 race1 h[ c y ab/ract ,him f ,8 environm5t & attribute to ,him ideas :i* h nei!r date nor place8 ,i h already comp>$ ,*ri/ianity to an oak :i* has liv$ & gr[n = eighte5 c5turies1 & ! ,gospel to ! acorn f :i* x sprang4 ,b 9 t acorn itself1 z 9 ! tree1 x is manife/ t !re are two ?+s3 a pr9ciple ( life1 & "s matt] borr[$ f ! ,hebraic soil1 ) :i* ! creat+ pr9ciple 0 oblig$ to amalgamate itself 9 ord] to ent] into hi/ory & to become fruitful4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( life is to r5d] possible & to in/itute ! con/ant ex*ange ( ! mat]ials ) :i* x builds up its works4 ,:5 ?is ex*ange has ceas$1 life has disappe>$4 ,if ! ,gospel ( ,jesus 7 some?+ fix$ & f9i%$ l a code ( laws or a collection ( =mulas1 x w\ld no long] be a p[] ( life4 ,8 words defy ! c5turies & nev] )]2 !y are truly et]nal1 because !y leave free & d n imprison 9 a rigid & immutable lett] ! _s ( life :i* animates !m4 ,arriv$ at ?is po9t ( view1 ,i see ! relations betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & hi/orical criticism *ange completely1 & f9d myself once m 9 ! greate/ religi\s security4 ,criticism w always be a j cause ( al>m to ^? :o elevate any hi/orical & cont+5t =m :atev] into ! absolute1 = ! excell5t reason t an hi/orical ph5om5on1 be+ always condition$1 c nev] h ! *>act]i/ics ( ! absolute4 ,b criticism c d no?+ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 :i*1 br\ght back to ! consci\sness1 always dis5gages itself f ! relative & fleet+ expressions 9 :i* x has clo!d itself by ! way4 ,criticism makes x to appe> aga9 9 its ideal purity & et]nal wor?4 ,f> f be+ injuri\s1 x becomes necess>y to x4 ,x is n d\btful t ! tea*+ & ! "w ( ,*ri/1 hav+ be5 pres]v$ 9 ! simple oral tradition = half a c5tury1 h n be5 transmitt$ to u )\t "s corruptions & "s leg5d>y elem5ts4 ,:at !n does hi/orical criticism1 ) all its rig\r1 d8 ,no?+ b purify ?is unc]ta9 tradition1 remove ! veils1 set =? m c]ta9ly ! au!ntic s\l ( ,*ri/1 &1 consequ5tly1 place ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 its sure/1 cle>e/ light4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! ,ma/]'s tea*+ is /ill m true ( t ( ,8 disciples4 ,! ,*ri/ian plants h all sprung f ! same se$2 b !y v>y accord+ to ! soil 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,!y are all ( ! same species1 b 9 t species !re are innum]able v>ieties4 ,h[ c\ld ! ext]nal result possibly h be5 ! same :e!r ! div9e se$ fell into ! he>t ( a simple fi%]man ( ,galilee1 or a rabbi ( g5ius1 or a ?9k] br\ght up 9 ! s*ool ( ,alex&ria8 ,c\ld y possibly h ! same ,*ur*1 ! same !ology1 ! same ritual 9 ,arabia & 9 ,greece1 among a savage race & 9 ! univ]sity circles ( ,g]many1 at ,rome or 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ,middle ,ages 9 a feudal society1 & 9 our democracies 9 a "t ( emancipat$ reason & free gov]nm5t8 ,& "h x w be conv5i5t to pause & reflect a mom5t on t wond]ful v>iety 9 ! hi/orical =ms ( ,*ri/ianity1 none ( :i* are p]fect & none contemptible4 ,a sup]ficial exam9ation may draw f ?is spectacle a lesson ( indiff]5ce2 a m consci5ti\s & att5tive /udy f9ds 9 x an opposite lesson1 ! lesson ( an ev]-press+ obligation on bo? individuals & *ur*es nev] to repose 9 a deceitful satisfaction1 b to progress unceas+ly2 = ,*ri/ianity is no?+ if x is n 9 u at once an ideal :i* is nev] rea*$ & an inn] =ce :i* ev] urges u beyond ourselves4 #e4 ,! ,corruptions ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple ,! diff]5ces :i* sep>ate ! hi/orical =ms ( ,*ri/ianity are1 l ^? ( religion 9 g5]al1 ( two k9ds3 !re are diff]5ces ( k9d & diff]5ces ( degree4 ,! diff]5ces ( k9d are ^? :i* arise f div]sity ( races1 languages1 civilisations1 temp]am5ts1 g5ius4 ,! diff]5ces ( degree are ^? connect$ ) ! v int5sity & purity ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? & life4 ,*ur*es & peoples are div]sifi$ at once by _! con/itution & by _! degree ( culture & ( moral life4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ^! two classes ( diff]5ces are n juxtapos$2 !y are mix$ incessantly & complicat$ endlessly4 ,x rema9s none ! less true t !y provoke & legitimate two sorts ( judgm5t4 ,! fir/ are accept$ ) tol]ance & sympa?y1 s9ce x w\ld n be reasonable to blame a man = ! col\r ( 8 sk94 ,b ! second may & %\ld be discuss$ & analys$1 = !y imply intellectual errors or moral defects1 ! corruption or ! weakness ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & !y c only be correct$ & rem$i$ by discussion & criticism4 ,! ,*ri/ian se$ is nev] s[n 9 a neutral & empty soil4 ,no s\l1 no social /ate1 is a tabula rasa4 ,! place is always occupi$ by ant]ior traditions ( ideas1 rites1 or cu/oms1 by in/itutions 9 possession4 ,*ri/ianity _c !re=e root itself any:]e )\t ent]+ into conflict ) ! regnant p[]s1 )\t giv+ battle to prejudices1 mann]s1 & sup]/itions :i* naturally resi/1 & :i*1 :5 conqu]$1 spr+ up aga9 9 o!r =ms 9 ! victori\s religion4 ,take ! ,ebionite ,*ri/ianity ( ! fir/ c5turies3 :at is x b a mixture1 a compromise betwe5 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian elem5ts8 ,:at %all we say ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* aft] ,con/ant9e8 ,is x n true t1 9 ! religi\s trans=mation at t "t effect$1 !re 0 a d\ble & mutual conv]sion1 & t x is h>d to say :e!r ! pagan _w 0 m modifi$ by ,*ri/ianity or ,*ri/ianity m deeply p5etrat$ & invad$ by ! mann]s & ! religion t x 0 suppos$ to replace8 ,9 ?is ord] ! mo/ /rik+ victories are nev] complete4 ,ev5 aft] ! mo/ radical conv]sion1 ! old man survives1 at lea/ by its roots1 9 ! new man4 ,! ,ph>isee long surviv$ 9 ,/4 ,paul aft] he became an ,apo/le ( ,*ri/4 ,! same 9 human societies3 political or moral revolutions nev] aboli% ! pa/4 ,aft] ^? great battles 9 :i* passions & int]e/s h (t5 z mu* weight z noble ideas & g5]\s s5tim5ts1 !re is always e/abli%$ a sort ( equilibrium by mutual concessions & spontane\s alliances betwe5 ! vanqui%$ & ! victori\s t5d5cies4 ,h5ce come :at we h nam$ ! corruptions ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 ! c\rse ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 = :i* alone %\ld be res]v$ ! "n ( h]esies4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$1 h[ev]1 t ^! corruptions or h]esies1 aga9/ :i* x is ! duty ( ,*ri/ian criticism ceaselessly to prote/1 are arbitr>y ?+s1 or t _! numb] is unlimit$4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y fall1 & mu/ necess>ily fall1 into two categories4 ,! cause ( ! corruptions ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 social life c only be f\nd 9 ! previ\s tradition1 9 "o ( ! moral & religi\s t5d5cies t ,*ri/ianity aspires to conqu] & replace4 ,n[1 ^! t5d5cies may be r$uc$ to two3 ! t5d5cies ( ! religions ( ,nature1 or ,pagan2 & ! t5d5cy ( ! legal1 or ,jewi%1 religion4 ,closely exam9e all t has disfigur$ or t /ill disfigures hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 & y w see t ea* ( ^! corruptions is connect$1 by its "*1 ) a ,jewi% or a ,pagan root4 ,! ,gospel z ! religion ( free _s & pure morality has nev] _h1 & c\ld nev] h _h1 any o!r enemies ?an ,judaism or ,paganism1 ev] ready to spr+ up 9 its bosom & trans=m x ei!r into ! religion ( ,nature or into ! religion ( ! ,law4 ,*ri/ianity1 = example1 9 its pure ess5ce1 implies ! absolut5ess ( ,god--t is to say1 ,8 p]fect spirituality & ,8 p]fect indep5d5ce4 ,h5ce1 wor%ip 9 _s & 9 tru?1 ! only wor%ip t c be univ]sal1 ! only "o t corresponds to ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god4 ,!re=e e t5d5cy1 ev5 9 ,*ri/ianity itself1 to %ut up ,god 9 a ph5om5al =m1 to b9d ,him to some?+ mat]ial1 local1 or tempor>y1 to bl5d ! ,creator ) ! creature1 or to fill up ! gap betwe5 !m by a hi]>*y ( div9e be+s :i*1 "u pretext ( s]v+ u z int]m$i>ies1 int]rupt our free & imm$iate communion ) ! ,fa!r1 is1 prop]ly speak+1 a resurrection ( ,paganism1 & a return to idolatry4 ,paganism & idolatry1 ( :i* we pret5d to h s mu* horror1 are simply ! localisation & mat]ialisation1 m or less consci\s1 ( ! div9e _s & ( div9e grace1 :atev] may be ! visible organ to :i* y b9d !m1 or on :i* y make _! action to dep5d1--,pope ( ,rome or ,py?oness ( ,delphi1 images ( gods or images ( virg9 & ( sa9ts1 sacram5tal liturgies1 ! deification ( a *ur*1 a prie/hood1 or a book4 ,take ano!r example3 ,*ri/ianity is n only ! lib]ty ( ,god2 x is also ,8 hol9ess2 x is pure morality plac$ above all ! in/9cts ( nature2 x is1 f9ally1 ! unity ( morality & religion4 ,h5ce1 all t t5ds to break ?is unity1 e bl[ at ! div9e law1 e attempt to cultivate religi\s emotion ap>t f consci5ce1 all magic & my/agogy1 ae/hetic piety1 religi\s romanticism1 ,*ri/ianity a la ,*ateaubri&1 s5su\s my/icism1--^! essays1 s num]\s 9 our day1 at philosophic or at lit]>y gnosis1 ^! new religions )\t rep5tance or conv]sion1 all ^! cults )\t any elem5t ( moral sanctification--^! are s _m corruptions ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & consequ5ces m or less imm$iate ( ! ,paganism always lat5t 9 ! human he>t4 ,by ! side ( ?is ,pagan is ! ,judais+ h]esy4 ,*ri/ianity is n only moral law & intransigeant hol9ess2 x is also unconditional love1 grace1 m]cy1 ! inw>d action ( ! ,_s ( ,god 9 ! _s ( man 9 ord] to produce 9 x t :i* ,he desires to f9d1 & to realise t :i* ,8 law comm&s2 x is ev]y?+ t sc&alis$ ,ph>isaism 9 ! tea*+ & conduct ( ,jesus 9 reg>d to ! s9ful & ! lo/3 p>don )\t reproa*1 rehabilitation & salvation ?r\gh rep5tance & affection1 ! s9c]e impulse ( ! he>t t has be5 rais$ above ext]nal works2 ! v opposite ( legal compacts1 m]itori\s & aton+ virtue1 =mali/ religion & ritual piety4 ,all t t5ds to sep>ate ! ,fa!r f ! *ild2 t places ! lib]ty & virtue ( man outside & ap>t f ,god z hav+ "s m]it 9 ,8 sight2 all ,pelagianism1 e !ory ( salvation by works1 e condition laid d[n to div9e grace except fai? to receive x3 adhesion to a doctr9al =mula1 sacram5tal usages1 prie/ly absolution1 outw>d mortification1 asceticism :e!r monki% or puritanical1 :i* divides morality &1 9 ! "n ( a fanta/ic sanctity1 introduces dualism into ! "w ( ,god1--all ?is %\ld be call$ by its "r "n2 x %\ld be tak5 = :at x really is--a relapse into ! legal & =mali/ _s ( ,jewi% ,ph>isaism4 ,f9ally1 ,i see on :at condition ,*ri/ianity may rema9 fai?ful to itself :ile realis+ itself 9 hi/ory4 ,x is only by an incessant /ruggle ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple aga9/ all ! elem5ts ( ! pa/ :i* f9d1 alas1 9 human prop5sities1 & 9 ! in]tia ( ! multitude1 a complicity s con/ant & effectual4 ,s f> f religi\s indiff]5ce be+ p]missible1 critical action & ,*ri/ian pray] become1 9 e *ur* & e life1 p]man5t duties4 ,i n[ und]/& ! p>adox ( ,*ri/3 ,i am n come to s5d peace on ! e>?1 b a sword4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 9 fact1 w> is life4 ,to cease to fight is to succumb2 x is to all[ y\rself to be subm]g$ by ! ris+ tide ( human sup]/itions2 x is to die4 ,:o does n see ! dang] ( all[+ ,*ri/ianity to become absorb$ 9 "o *ur* =m1 ,*ri/ian tru? 9 "o =mula1 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 "o ( its p>ticul> realisations8 ,all ^! cont+5t expressions1 be+ imp]fect1 mu/ be re=m$ soon] or lat]4 ,h[ c !y be unless ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity dis5gages itself )\t ceas+ & floats above !m z an ideal8 ,= eighte5 c5turies a riv] ( life has fl[$ ?r\gh human hi/ory4 ,break d[n ! b>ri]s :i* fanaticism & sup]/ition are always sett+ up a?w>t its c\rse4 ,if ! wat]s cease to fl[ !y /agnate1 & corrupt & poison ! v l& x 0 _! mission to f]tilise4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,great ,,hi/orical ,,=ms ,,( ,,*ri/ianity #a4 ,! ,evolution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciple ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & its successive realisations r5d]s x easy to resolve ! "q1 =m]ly s mu* debat$1 z to ! p]fectibility ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is p]fect piety1 pl5>y union ) ,god1 consequ5tly ! absolute & def9itive ,religion4 ,b1 reg>d$ 9 its hi/orical evolution1 n only is x p]fectible1 b x mu/ ceaselessly progress1 s9ce1 = x1 to progress is to realise itself4 ,! g]m c\ld n be p]fect$ 9 its ess5ce1 z g]m & ideal type ( ! tree t x pot5tially conta9s4 ,b ! tree itself only comes into exi/5ce by ! developm5t ( ! g]m4 ,no re=m1 no progress1 no p]fect+1 c\ld raise ,*ri/ianity above itself--t is to say1 above its pr9ciple2 = ^! re=ms & ?is progress only br+ x into clos] con=mity ) t pr9ciple--t is1 make x m ,*ri/ian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pr9ciple itself mu/ ent] into evolution 9 hi/ory 9 ord] to manife/ its orig9ality & its =ce1 to realise 9 individual & social life1 9 ! realm ( ?\ght & 9 ! realm ( action1 9 a ^w 9 ! :ole ( civilisation1 all its virtualities & all its consequ5ces4 ,jesus saw ?is :5 ,he spoke ! ,p>able ( ! ,mu/>d ,se$ 7,matt4 xiii4 #ca-cb74 ,?is di/9ction has ano!r advantage4 ,x alone p]mits ! ,*ri/ian ?9k] to be equitable 9 8 judgm5ts 9 reg>d to all religi\s =ms1 to place himself at a truly hi/orical po9t ( view1 & to reconcile1 )\t weakness & )\t viol5ce1 :at is due to tru? & :at to *>ity4 ,e s9c]e endeav\r to express or to realise ,*ri/ianity 9 a sy/em or 9 a *ur* becomes respectable s soon z y "k h[ to discov] 9 x1 "u =mulas h[ev] /range & practices h[ev] gross1 "s effects ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple or "s signs ( its pres5ce4 ,if disda9 & contempt are n p]missible ) reg>d to any type ( ,*ri/ianity h[ev] diff]5t f our own1 nei!r is illusion to be tol]at$ ) reg>d to our own *ur* or to our p]sonal piety4 ,p]fection is n[h]e to be f\nd4 ,ea* community may repeat1 & ! l>g]1 old]1 & m num]\s x becomes ! m w x ne$ to repeat1 ! words ( ! ,apo/le ,paul3 ,bre?r51 ,i c\nt n myself to h appreh5d$1 etc4 7,phil4 iii4 #ac1 #ad74 ,! habit we h got into ( putt+ all ! tru? on our side & all error on ! side ( o!rs1 ( ?us oppos+ light & d>kness1 n only falsifies ! judgm5t2 x s\rs ! he>t & poisons piety1 x dries up ! feel+ ( frat]nity1 & is ! p]petual sign ( individual or collective vanity4 ,let ea* exam9e himself1 let him judge 8 *ur* )\t complac5ce 9 ! light & _s ( ,*ri/2 he w soon atta9 to m humility & tru?4 ,he w nev] id5tify any p>ticul> *ur* or its dogma ) ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,h[ev] pure its tea*+1 h[ev] g5]\s its de$s1 he w reckon t ?is is1 aft] all1 b a comm5cem5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 a m]e no?+ comp>$ ) :at ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple %\ld h accompli%$ 9 ! _w 9 eighte5 c5turies4 ,su* is ! feel+ ) :i* we %\ld approa* ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! field is va/2 ! vegetation 9 x is inf9ite2 we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) incomplet5ess4 ,be+ nei!r able nor desir\s to say ev]y?+1 ,i h be5 oblig$ to seek a comm&+ po9t ( view f :i* x w\ld be possible to take 9 t hi/ory 9 its entirety1 & to take a bird's-eye view ( ! c\rse x has foll[$4 ,fai?ful to ?is idea1 namely1 t ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple is l leav5 or a se$ ?r[n into a gross1 heavy mass ( ant]ior traditions :i* x 0 meant gradually to raise & to trans=m1 x is ?is /ruggle & ?is progress t ,i desire especially to describe4 ,i %all endeav\r to %[ h[ ,*ri/ianity1 always borr[+ its =ms f ! environm5t 9 :i* x realises itself1 aft] endur+ !m = a "t1 subsequ5tly frees itself f & triumphs ov] ! inf]ior & tempor>y elem5ts :i* fett] x1 & manife/s f age to age a great] indep5d5ce & a pur] & high] spirituality4 ,?is progress is sl[1 obscure1 (t int]rupt$1 h9d]$ by reactions or by mom5ts ( arre/2 none ! less /rik+1 h[ev]1 does x appe> :51 ris+ above ^! second>y complications1 "o measures ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9ts ( dep>ture & arrival4 ,n only has ,*ri/ianity nev] be5 bett] und]/ood ?an 9 our own day1 b nev] 7 civilisation or ! s\l ( humanity tak5 9 _! entirety m fundam5tally ,*ri/ian4 ,:5 "o foll[s ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity f ?is high] po9t ( view1 "o sees t x has pass$ ?r\gh ?ree v di/9ct phases & assum$ ?ree ess5tially diff]5t =ms3 ! ,jewi% or ,messianic1 ! ,graeco-,roman or ,ca?olic1 ! ,prote/ant or mod]n1 =m4 ,let u see h[ x has pass$ f ! "o to ! o!r4 #b4 ,jewi%1 or ,messianic ,*ri/ianity ,! fir/ ( ^! p]iods is usually omitt$ or suppress$4 ,be+ unable to admit t ,ca?olicism is n ! "w ( ,*ri/ & ! apo/les1 or t ! ,*ur* has v>i$ its dogma or its in/itutions1 ,ca?olic !ologians naively imag9e t ! fir/ ,*ri/ian communities ( ,j]usalem & ,antio* resembl$ ^? ( ,rome1 ,milan1 & ,lyons 9 ! f\r? c5tury2 t ,pet] 0 ! fir/ ( ! popes & ex]cis$ = five-&-tw5ty ye>s ! supreme pontificate2 t ! apo/les appo9t$ bi%ops ev]y:]e z _! successors & ! heirs ( _! p[]4 ,9 ?is way ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity became1 9 ! ,ca?olic tradition1 a tissue ( leg5ds4 ,! !ologians ( ,prote/antism arriv$ by ano!r road at an analag\s conclusion4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! dogma ( ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y 7 l$ to make ( apo/olic ,*ri/ianity an ideal & ab/ract type :i* all ! ages ought to =ce !mselves to imitate & reproduce4 ,&1 z !y pr(ess to h return$ to ?is type bo? 9 reg>d to ideas & to in/itutions & morals1 !y h made ( ?is apo/olic p]iod ! fir/ *apt] ( ! hi/ory ( ,prote/antism1 j z ! ,ca?olics h made ( x ! fir/ *apt] ( ! hi/ory ( ,ca?olicism4 ,9 bo? cases1 x loses all di/9ct physiognomy & all reality4 ,by dissipat+ ^! prejudices1 hi/orical criticism has completely resuscitat$ t fir/ =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is no long] possible to conf\nd x ) any o!r4 ,x _h its contra/s1 its passions1 its /orms4 ,nei!r ,jesus nor ! apo/les liv$ 9 ! ideal or 9 p>adisiacal peace4 ,!y qu>rell$ & 7 divid$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem z 9 our own4 ,! subjects ( ! qu>rels 7 diff]5t1 b !y did n consid] !m less grave ?an ^? :i* vex & tr\ble u4 ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,paul 7 n less divid$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ov] ! "q ( circumcision & ( ! relations betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 ?an 7 ,lu!r1 ,zw+le1 & ,calv9 9 ! sixte5? ov] ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,f bo? camps1 !n z n[1 !y s5t =? pamphlets & ana!mas4 ,!re 7 two opposite p>ties4 ,!re 7 ! /ubborn hold]s ( tradition & its au?ority1 & !re 7 ! innovators1 or ! p>tisans1 sometimes z ra% z !y1 ( lib]ty ( fai? & individual inspiration2 & betwe5 ! two !re 7 ! m5 ( conciliation & ! gold5 mean :o 7 preoccupi$ especially 9 prev5t+ s*isms & arrang+ truces & treaties ( peace1 to be foll[$ 9 _! turn by new crises & fre% /orms4 ,9 ?is fir/ =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 z 9 all t h foll[$ x1 !re 0 a c]ta9 dualism1 a mixture ( het]og5e\s & soon ho/ile elem5ts4 ,! /ruggle 0 b\nd to arise betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & ,jewi% tradition4 ,! new se$ s[n 9 t anci5t soil c\ld n g]m9ate )\t ris+ 9 x & 9 places break+ up ! ?ick h>d cru/4 ,9 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t t h pres]v$ to u ! picture ( t fir/ & p[]ful g]m9ation1 side by side ) ! pr9ciple to :i* belongs ! future we necess>ily f9d old ?+s :i* are on ! way to dea?4 ,x w be se5 :at an error !y commit & :at a wrong !y d !mselves :o1 misconceiv+ ?is hi/orical complexity1 sanctify & deify bo? ^! opposite elem5ts1 & place on ! same level ! et]nally fruitful gra91 & ! *aff to-day dri$ up & utt]ly in]t1 a m]e remnant ( ! ,jewi% /alk t bore x4 ,conceiv$ 9 ?is religi\s matrix ( ,judaism1 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 if ,i may s speak1 c\ld only take 9 x a body ess5tially ,jewi% 9 /ructure1 sub/ance1 col\r4 ,i only speak1 ( c\rse1 ( ! body ( ?is primitive ,*ri/ianity1 n ( its s\l1 :i*1 z ,i h %[n1 0 altoge!r new4 ,n[1 its body 0 ,jewi% on two sides & 9 two aspects3 by ! p]si/5ce ( ! au?ority ( ! ,law ( ,moses1 & ! practical obs]vance ( its precepts1 f :i* ! disciples ( ,jesus did n dream ( deta*+ !mselves2 &1 secondly1 by ! apocalyptic ,messianism :i* dom9at$ ,jewi% ?\ght f ! "t ( ! ,maccabees1 & ) :i* ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 p]haps m imbu$ & m possess$ ?an all ! re/ ( _! p4 ,fai? 9 ! evangel ( ,jesus1 full & joyful communion ) ! ,fa!r1 habits ( ,jewi% devotion1 ,messianic hopes1--all ?is =m$1 9 ! consci\sness ( ! fir/ disciples1 a mixture ( v>i\s elem5ts & ( ?+s ( v unequal value4 ,^! elem5ts1 9 gradually reveal+ _! disp>ate nature1 c\ld n fail to ent] into contradiction & to eng5d] conflicts 9 ! v he>t ( apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 ^! contradictions & conflicts :i* set ,*ri/ian ?\ght 9 movem5t1 & produc$ ! life & progress ( t e>ly age1 s t "o may always rightly consid] x z a creative & classic epo*1 & hold x up z a normal example to ! *ur*es ( all "t2 on condition1 h[ev]1 t x be n consid]$ z an immutable mass ( et]nal v]ities1 b tak5 9 its natural movem5t1 9 its con/ant ef=t ( progressive enfran*isem5t ) reg>d to ! pa/1 9 its h]oic asc5t t[>ds religi\s =ms & ideas1 fre]1 m human1 m con=m$ to ! univ]sal "*1 to ! spirituality1 & to ! pure morality ( ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,:at1 !n1 x w be said1 did n ! ,*ri/ set ,8 disciples free at ! outset f all ! errors & sup]/itions ( ! pa/8 ,did ,he n at once give !m p]fect dogmas1 a complet$ =m ( wor%ip1 an immutable & complet$ sy/em ( e?ics8 ,no2 ,jesus did no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,s f> f =mally & sy/ematically criticis+ ! traditional religion ( ,8 p1 s f> f mak+ ex ca!dra t selection :i* ! vulg> look$ =1 ,jesus expressly refus$ x1 z a me?od ess5tially false & irreligi\s4 ,he did n wi% to aboli% any?+ by m]e au?ority2 ,he pref]r$ r to confirm ! tradition 9 its totality1 ( :i* ,he 0 ! heir & n ! execution]4 ,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! ,law or ! ,prophets3 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil 7,matt4 v4 #ag74 ,8 me?od 0 q diff]5t4 ,x 0 ! me?od ( ! s[] to :om ,he lov$ to comp>e ,himself4 ,9 ! furr[ made by ,8 ^w 9 ! anci5t soil ( ,judaism1 ,he quietly & g5tly deposit$ new g]ms4 ,9 ! traditional & !ocratic notions ( ,8 race ,he plac$ cont5ts altoge!r diff]5t drawn f ,8 own religi\s exp]i5ce1 & f ! s5se ( ,8 filial relation to ! ,fa!r4 ,he !n left "t to d its "w1 to develop "o aft] ano!r ! consequ5ces ( ! pr9ciples ,he _h plant$ 9 human s\ls4 ,he s[$1 & ,he & o!rs reap f age to age ! h>ve/ ,he has s[n4 ,consid] ,8 attitude t[>ds ! ,law ( ,moses4 ,n a jot or tittle ( x is to fail or be neglect$4 ,he /r5g!ns x r ?an relaxes its claims2 ,he deep5s x1 c>ries x inw>d1 makes x inf9itely m spiritual & se>*+4 ,he ga!rs x up into two great comm&m5ts1 & con/ra9s ! ,law itself1 if ,i may s speak1 to surpass itself & trans=m itself into pure evangelical morality4 ,t is :at ,he meant by decl>+ t ,8 "w w\ld be ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law4 ,no?+ 0 less viol5t2 b no?+1 at bottom1 0 m revolution>y4444 ,x is easy n[ to see ! consequ5ces ( ?is me?od2 hi/ory has reveal$ !m4 ,b ^? :o he>d ! words ( ,jesus c\ld n p]ceive ^! consequ5ces4 ,!y _h no idea probably t ! day w\ld come :5 to be fai?ful to ! ,ma/] !y w\ld be oblig$ to break ) ,moses4 ,!y did n sudd5ly break ) ,judaism4 ,inde$1 !y _h f\nd 9 _! new fai? new motives = f]v\r & exactitude 9 _! ,mosaic piety4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians 9 ,j]usalem 7 hon\r$ ( all ! p because ( _! assiduity 9 ! ,temple wor%ip & = _! exempl>y devotion4 ,!y are !re=e n enfran*is$ yet2 !y w h to free !mselves f ,judaism 9 ! s*ool ( ev5ts into :i* !y w be l$ by ! ,_s ( ,jesus t is ) !m & dwells 9 !m4 ,! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple w h to reconqu] its indep5d5ce ( ! ,judaism :i* dom9ates & hems !m 9 on e side4 ,?is w be ! "w ( m ?an a c5tury ( conflict & controv]sy4 ,all ,*ri/ians w n ent] into ! movem5t ) ! same decision2 !y w n m>* abrea/ on ! pa? ( lib]ty4 ,_m w be /upid & turn back4 ,progress w\ld n h be5 made if ! ,div9e ,_s t _h rais$ up ,jesus _h n rais$ up valiant m5 l ,/eph51 ,saul ( ,t>sus1 ,b>nabas1 ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 & t ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 to c>ry on ! /ruggle aga9/ ! bondage ( ,judaism & c>ry x to complete victory4 ,:5 y pass f ! "o to ! o!r1 f ! disc\rse ( ,/eph5 to ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 f ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans to ! ,johannean !ology1 y cle>ly see ! m>* ( progress4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury ,*ri/ianity is s indep5d5t ( national & traditional ,judaism t ! "o treats ! o!r1 )\t any fur!r scruple1 z an ali5 & ho/ile religion4 ,m adhesive /ill to ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 less easy to /rip (f1 0 ! second ,jewi% wrappage1 apocalyptic ,messianism4 ,jesus _h s ?or\ghly consecrat$ x by call+ ,himself ! ,messiah & by inaugurat+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 t ,8 ,gospel might be nam$ a ,*ri/ian ,messianism4 ,9 ,8 disc\rses ,he seems to h confirm$ x /ill m expressly ?an ! ,law ( ,moses4 ,no d\bt ,he proce$$ 9 bo? cases alike4 ,9 all ! !ocratic notions :i* con/itut$ ?is popul> ,messianism1 ,he lodg$ a new cont5t1 a religi\s & moral elem5t :i* mu/1 9 ! long run1 make !m bur/ _! trammels & elevate ,messianism above itself4 ,b ,he did n br+ to x any negative & ab/ract criticism1 any m ?an ,he did to ! div]s p>ts ( ! ,mosaic tradition2 ,he nev] said ei!r t x mu/ be ab&on$ or t x mu/ be reta9$2 ,he deposit$ 9 x ! new pr9ciple2 b ,he left 9 x _m obscurities1 ab&on+ to "t & to ! =ce ( ?+s ! c>e ( draw+ =? ! consequ5ces & cle>+ up confusions4 ,= ,8 own "p ,he wi%$ simply to ma9ta9 intact b5ea? ^! apocalyptic =ms ! pr9ciple & ! inspiration ( ,8 inw>d piety4 ,x 0 9 accordance ) ^! t ,he int]pret$ ! popul> beliefs1 adapt+ !m ) a p]fect sov]eignty to ! moral aim & nature ( ,8 "w4 ,z ) ! ,mosaic ,law1 s ) ,messianism2 ,he is its ,ma/]1 n its slave4 ,he uses x1 b does n ab&on ,himself to x4 ,^! hopes nev] tr\ble ! cle>ness ( ,8 religi\s vision2 !y d n take away ,8 self-possession1 or alt] ! direction1 always exclusively moral1 ( ,8 acts4 ,he accepts ! title ( ,messiah1 b only aft] sub/itut+ ! idea ( ! suff]+ & humiliat$ = ! national & triumphant ,messiah4 ,if ,he prea*es ! k+dom ( ,god1 ,he takes c>e to expla9 ! conditions & ! true goods ( ! k+dom--humility1 rep5tance1 *ildlike confid5ce1 righte\sness1 dis9t]e/$ love1 ! joy ( s]v+ ,god & man4 ,he leaves to m5 ( ! fle% ! pomp & spl5d\r :i* dazzle ! eyes ( ! fle%4 ,he admires ! gr&eur ( ,john ! ,bapti/ m ?an t ( ,h]od4 ,! k+dom ( ,god w n come ) o/5tation4 ,x w beg9 l an unse5 se$ t a man puts into ! gr\nd4 ,at ! outset ( ,8 "w ,jesus enc\nt]$ a my/]i\s temptation4 ,?is 0 ! conflict ( ,8 consci\sness ) ! s$uctions ( ! popul> ,messianism4 ,he triumph$ ov] x ) difficulty2 b !nce=? ,he 0 always on ,8 gu>d 9 t direction4 ,is x n rem>kable t ?is v temptation return$ to ,him ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,pet]8 ,jesus treats z ,satan ! fir/ ( ,8 apo/les1 & ref]s to ! devil 9 p]son & ! pr9ce ( d>kness sugge/ions ( ?is nature :i* t5d to make ,him deviate f ! road m>k$ out by ! inspiration ( ,8 he>t4 ,he avoids ! title ,messiah until ! day :5 ,he is able to jo9 ) x ! image ( ! ,cross4 ,he disda9s ! title1 ,son ( ,david1 pref]r+ to all o!rs t ( ,son ( ,man1 a title t 0 n op5 to ! same mi/akes4 ,on ?is road ( r5unciation ,he mu/ sacrifice n only ,8 ease1 ,8 joys1 & ,8 repose1 b also1 at ea* /ep1 "s ( ! beliefs ( ,israel1 & "s ( ! glories ( ! ,messiah4 ,he nev] hesitates4 ,8 p reject ,him1 & ,he turns to ,8 ,fa!r & says to ,him3 ,ev5 s1 ,fa!r1 = s x seem$ good 9 ,?y sight4 ,he agonises 9 ,ge?semane1 ! ,messiah agonises 9 ,him1 & ,he prays ?us3 ,fa!r1 n ,my w1 b ,?9e be done4 ,h5ce comes ,8 fre$om ( _s1 ! elevation ( ,8 view 9 ! int]pretation ( ev5ts1 z also ,8 pi\s & tru/ful res]ve 9 face ( ! enigmas & obscurities t ,8 glance _c p5etrate4 ,john ! ,bapti/ is behead$ 9 prison3 s+ul> de/9y = t =midable ,elijah :o 0 to inaugurate by ?und] & lightn+ ! ,messianic era1 ! dream ( all patriots6 ,is ,jesus (f5d$ by x8 ,does ,he hesitate to decl>e t ,john at t v mom5t is ! ,elias :i* 0 = to come8 ,:at a defiance to ! oracles ( ! popul> ,messianism6 ,:5 ! sons ( ,zeb$ee desire ,him to res]ve = !m ! =emo/ places 9 ,8 future k+dom1 ,he m]ely speaks to !m ( ! baptism ( m>tyrdom1 & tea*es !m t !y mu/ leave su* ?+s at ! disposal ( ! ,fa!r4 ,no d\bt1 ,he nev] contradicts apocalyptic pr$ictions2 on ! contr>y ,he applies to ,himself all ! promises ( glory & ( triumph2 b always 9 subjection to ! ,fa!r's w4 ,ask$ z to ! date ( ! ,messiah's adv5t1 ,he answ]s t ,he does n "k1 t !y mu/ obs]ve ! blossoms on ! fig-tree & ! signs ( ! times ar\nd ,himself2 t !y mu/ wat* & pray1 possess _! s\ls 9 pati5ce1 & ab&on to ! ,fa!r ! decisions ( :i* ,he keeps ! imp5etrable secret4 ,i speak ( fre$om ( int]pretation & ( pi\s res]ve1 n ( hypocritical & sceptical accommodation4 ,we _c d\bt t ,jesus accept$ at ! outset1 & %>$1 at bottom1 ! ,messianic beliefs 9 :i* ,he _h be5 tra9$ l all ! *ildr5 ( ,8 race4 ,t ,8 disciples1 9 report+ ,8 disc\rses on ?is po9t1 exagg]at$ & mat]ialis$ !m1 ne$ n be d5i$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h& y c h>dly expla9 ! unanimity ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian tradition 9 expect+ ,8 return ^u ! cl\ds if ,jesus _h pr(ess$ entirely opposite ideas4 ,aft] all1 is !re any?+ m a/oni%+ 9 ,8 %>+ on ?is matt] ! hopes ( ,8 "t ?an 9 ! fact ( ,8 hav+ expla9$ c]ta9 my/]i\s maladies z ,8 contempor>ies did by demoniacal possession1 or ( ,8 attribut+ ,psalm cx41 z did c]ta9 ( ! rabbis1 to ,k+ ,david2 to ! fir/ ,isaiah ! "w ( ! second1 & to ,moses ! r$action ( ! ,p5tateu*8 ,^! curr5t & traditional ideas1 h[ev]1 :i* came to ,him1 n f heav51 b f ,8 race & ,8 environm5t1 nev] succe$$ 9 corrupt+ ! immutable purity ( ,8 inn] piety or 9 falsify+ ! div9e inspirations ( ,8 he>t4 ,:5ev] !re 0 contradiction betwe5 ! ,messianic beliefs or ! ,law ( ,moses1 on ! "o h&1 & ! consci\sness ( ,jesus1 on ! o!r1 x 0 n ! latt] b ! =m] t gave way & 7 trans=m$4 ,! disciples 7 n s free z ! ,ma/]4 ,_! fai? rema9$ a long "t b\nd to ^! hopes ( ! future4 ,:y _h !y left all & foll[$ ,him b because ,he _h appe>$ to !m to be ! be>] & ! depository ( ! div9e promises8 ,8 dea?1 :i* seem$ to belie _! beliefs1 only s]v$ to give !m ano!r turn4 ,!y correct$ prophecy4 ,in/ead ( "o ,adv5t ( ! ,messiah !y imag9$ two1 ! fir/ 9 humiliation1 ! second 9 glory4 ,! "o hav+ be5 realis$1 !y expect$ ! o!r ) a m ard5t confid5ce4 ,no "o d\bt$ x 0 ne>4 ,! apo/le ,paul liv$ 9 ?is hope z well z ! au?or ( ! ,apocalypse1 ! compil]s ( ! synoptic gospels1 & ! editors ( ,! ,tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! "t is %ort3 ! ,ma/] comes3 ,m>ana?a4 ,?is 0 ! wat*word ( all ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,?is fai? 9 ! imm95t return ( ,*ri/ & ( ! end ( ! _w dom9ates all ! ?\ghts z well z ! feel+s ( ! apo/les3 x det]m9es & col\rs _! ,*ri/ology1 _! !ory ( ,r$emption1 _! e?ics1 _! idea ( salvation1 s t to exp\nd _! writ+s & e/imate ! wor? ( _! reason+s1 ! hi/orian mu/ always read !m & expla9 !m 9 ?is light4 ,x is = ?is reason t _! ,*ri/ianity m]its ! "n ( ,messianic1 & c\ld n be1 9 ?is ,jewi% =m1 an absolute norm = all ! ages4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus1 h[ev]1 f\nd !mselves 9 a s*ool 9 :i* !y c\ld n p]petually mi/ake ! lessons4 ,! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple _h appe>$ to be at "o ) ,messianism2 x 0 some?+ altoge!r diff]5t & c\ld n cont9ue = ev] to be mix$ up ) x4 ,"u ! contradiction ( ev5ts & ! action ( ! _s ( ,jesus1 !y soon began to see ! dawn ( a process ( spiritualisation 9 _! apocalyptic beliefs4 ,?is progress is manife/ 9 ! lett]s ( ,/4 ,paul :5 read 9 _! ord] & ) att5tion4 ,9 ! fir/1 he hopes be=e he dies to witness ! adv5t ( ! ,"l4 ,b1 f ! ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ! image ( dea? & m>tyrdom beg9s to int]pose itself betwe5 8 fai? & t glori\s ideal1 :i* ev]more seems to rec$e into ! future4 ,x nev] entirely disappe>s1 b ?is preoccupation ) ! return ( ,jesus dim9i%es & occupies a small] space 9 8 lat] epi/les4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! "w ( ,jesus1 consid]$ 9 ! pa/ & 9 its r$emptive efficacy1 ! ,*ri/ian life conceiv$ z a life ( fai? & love1 z an imitation ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & an inh]it+ ( ,8 ,_s1 receive ev]-increas+ developm5ts4 ,ins5sibly1 ! c5tre ( gravity ( apo/olic ,*ri/ianity *anges2 f ! hypnotis+ contemplation ( ! ,messianic future1 x passes to ! sanctify+ m$itation on ! passion ( ,*ri/1 on ,8 tea*+1 & r$eem+ "w4 ,?is is be/ se5 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 & 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 9 :i* ! ,jewi% ,messiah is trans=m$ into ! et]nal ,logos1 ! light ( all m5 "h bel[1 & ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]sal religion4 ,! "w ( emancipation t m5 alone c\ld n accompli%1 ,god ,himself a*iev$4 ,! conque/s ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,empire1 & especially ! d\ble & irrep>able ru9 ( ,j]usalem & ! ,jewi% nation "u ,titus & "u ,hadrian1 op5$ on ! future o!r prospects4 ,! _w cont9u$4 ,x 0 necess>y to settle d[n & live 9 x4 ,montanism 0 m]ely a la/ outbur/ ( fev]4 ,by ! end ( ! second c5tury1 ,jewi% ,messianism 0 s ne>ly dead t its ob/9ate adh]5ts 7 reg>d$ z h]etics by ! ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,organis$ into a hi]>*y1 ! ,*ur* sub/itut$ itself resolutely = ! anci5t p ( ,israel1 & repres5t$ itself z heir to ! anci5t promises4 ,! adv5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god becomes ! adv5t & ! victory ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ov] all ! o!r p[]s ( e>?4 ,! ,messianic ,!ocracy is trans=m$ into a ,*ur* ,!ocracy4 ,messianism gives place to ,ca?olicism4 #c4 ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity ,transplant$ f ! poor & arid soil ( ,hebraism into ! ri* & fruitful loam ( ,graeco-,roman civilisation1 ! ,*ri/ian plant 0 sure to gr[ apace & be trans=m$4 ,ca?olicism is z mu* ,pagan z ,apo/olic ,messianism 0 ,jewi%--f ! same causes1 & accord+ to ! same law4 ,m ,greek 9 ! ,ea/1 m ,roman 9 ! ,we/1 x be>s always & ev]y:]e ! traces ( its orig94 ,/udy successively all ! features ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & y w f9d on ea* ( !m ?is indelible m>k4 ,! dogmas ( ! ,c\ncils & ! !ology ( ! ,fa!rs1 :o does n see at ! fir/ glance _! true "*8 ,:o does n see t ! mat]ial is ,greek 9 =m1 9 col\r1 9 e fibre ( its tissue8 ,:5ce came ^? t]ms & notions1 ( :i* ,hebraism knew no?+1 b :i* ! !ologians ( all ! s*ools w h5ce=? b&y to & fro--^? ab/ract concepts1 sub/ance & hypo/asis1 nature & p]son1 ess5ce & accid5t1 matt] & =m8 ,:5ce came ! sci5ce ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 _! exegesis1 _! hi/ory1 _! logic1 _! psy*ology1 & t l(ty metaphysic :i* has s completely trans=m$ ! ,prophetic into a ,platonic firmam5t8 ,all ?is came f ,a!ns1 ,ephesus1 ,samos1 & ,miletus1 via ,alex&ria & ,rome4 ,! ,ju/9s1 ! ,a!nagorases1 ! ,clem5ts & ! ,basils1 ,a?anasius ev5 m ?an ,arius1 ,j]ome z well z ,augu/9e1 _h be5 n\ri%$ f _! *ildhood on ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,!y _h read ,plato1 ,h]aclitus1 ,z5o1 ,philo1 ,cic]o1 ,posidonius1 & ,s5eca z mu* & m p]haps ?an ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:at is !re a/oni%+ 9 ! fact t _! !ology %\ld h foll[$ /ep by /ep ! !ology ( neo-,platonism until ?is latt]1 = ,augu/9e1 %\ld h become ! true introduction to ! ,gospel1 & t 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! names ( ,plato & ,ari/otle %\ld h be5 inve/$ ) an au?ority n less ?an ^? ( ,isaiah1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,john8 ,or %all we pass to ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur*8 ,:at is t b ! exact c\nt]p>t ( ! con/itution ( ! ,roman ,empire3 ! p>i% modell+ itself on ! municipality1 ! diocese on ! prov9ce1 ! metropolitan regions on ! great prefectures1 &1 at ! top ( ! pyramid1 ! bi%op ( ,rome & ! papacy1 ^: ideal dream is simply1 9 ! religi\s ord]1 ! univ]sal & absolute mon>*y ( :i* ! ,caes>s _h fir/ set ! patt]n8 ,or w\ld y consid] ! moral life & ! type ( piety8 ,x is true t at ! outset1 & s long z ! p]secutions cont9u$1 !re is a great contra/ betwe5 ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian morals & mann]s & ^? ( ,roman or ,greek society4 ,b1 ) "t1 ! contra/ is s+ul>ly att5uat$4 ,if ! ,*ur* conqu]$ ! _w1 ! _w _h its rev5ge )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,:at is t monki% asceticism impos+ celibacy on ! cl]gy1 exalt+ virg9ity1 multiply+ pi\s works ( m]it1 & replac+1 by factiti\s & /]ile duties1 ! duties dictat$ by nature & ess5tial to society1--:at are all ^! b survivals ( a dualism & ! imitation ( an ideal :i*1 come f ! ,ea/1 s$uc$ ! fev]i% imag9ation ( an expir+ _w8 ,! monks1 ! an*orites & _! !ology ( impot5t celibates1 did !y save ,egypt1 ,syria1 & ,byzantium8 ,dur+ ?is "t1 :at did wor%ip1 adoration1 religion1 prop]ly speak+1 become8 ,betwe5 e>? & heav5 !re reappe>$ ! :ole anci5t hi]>*y ( gods & demi-gods1 ( h]oes1 nymphs1 & goddesses1 replac$ by ! ,virg9 ,"m1 angels1 demons1 sa9ts4 ,ea* t[n1 ea* p>i%1 e f\nta91 _h its patron or its patroness1 its tutel>y gu>dian1 to :om !y address$ !mselves m famili>ly ?an to ,god 9 ord] to obta9 temporal bless+s & ! grace = e day4 ,! sa9ts h _! specialities l ! m9or deities ( =m] times4 ,"s cur$ fev]s1 "s diseases ( ! sk94 ,?is "o _h *>ge ( travell]s1 t ( h>ve/s1 a ?ird ( articles t _h be5 lo/1 a f\r? ( ne$$ heirs 9 families 9 dang] ( decay4 ,) ?is my?ology1 all ! sup]/itions 7 reviv$1 d[n to ! grosse/ feti*ism3 pilgrimages1 *aplets1 litanies1 ! v5]ation ( images1 signs ( ! cross1 rites & sacram5ts conceiv$ aft] ! mann] ( ! anci5t my/]ies4 ,& all ?is is done ) a sort ( unconsci\sness1 v gradually1 & z ! effect ( a zeal t 0 suppos$ to be ,*ri/ian4 ,! heads ( ! ,*ur* recomm5d mission>ies n to de/roy ! temples ( ! false gods1 b to consecrate !m to ! true "o1 & to replace _! images by images ( ! sa9ts1 & ! rites ( ! old cults by simil> c]emonies4 ,names & etiquettes 7 ?us *ang$1 b n ! ?+s !mselves4 ,at ,rome1 b5ea? ! basilica ( ,/4 ,pet]1 a sup]b /atue 0 erect$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les4 ,?is 0 =m]ly a /atue ( ,jupit]4 ,its great toe has be5 worn d[n by ! kisses ( ! fai?ful4 ,be=e ,*ri/ianity1 !y kiss$ ! foot ( ! ma/] ( ! gods2 n[ !y kiss ! foot ( ,pet]4 ,is ! cult ( a diff]5t ord] & ! devotion ( a high] quality8 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are b ! =ms ( ,ca?olicism2 let u g deep] & try to rea* its g5]at+ pr9ciple4 ,?is pr9ciple %\ld be f\nd 9 ! c5tral dogma ( ! ,ca?olic sy/em1 t 9 x :i* comm&s & regulates all ! p>ts1 :i* con/itutes its unity & /r5g?4 ,to designate ?is c5tral dogma is n difficult4 ,! cate*ism tea*es u t x is ! dogma ( ! ,*ur*1 ( its infallibility & traditional cont9uity1 ( its div9e orig9 & sup]natural p[]s4 ,prote/ants affirm t !y belong to ! ,*ur* because !y belong to ,*ri/4 ,ca?olics rev]se ! t]ms3 no "o is 9 communion ) ,*ri/1 no "o really belongs to ,him1 unless he belongs to ! ,*ur*4 ,?us fai? 9 ! ,*ur* & submission to ! ,*ur* are put into ! =efront & rema9 ! "o ?+ ne$ful & ess5tial4 ,"o is a ,ca?olic by ! fact ( 8 implicit acceptance ( ! sov]eign au?ority ( ! ,*ur*2 "o ceases to be a ,ca?olic :5 t submission ceases4 ,f :i* x is easy to conclude t ! pr9ciple ( ,ca?olicism is ! realisation ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple--t is to say1 ( ! reign ( ,god & ( ,*ri/1 9 ! =m ( a visible in/itution1 an organis$ social body1 an ext]nal p[]1 ex]cis+ itself by means ( t :i* is ! v s\l ( ! in/itution--a prie/hood end[$ ) sup]natural functions & attributes4 ,! imm$iate consequ5ce ( ?is fir/ pr9ciple 0 ! rupture ( ! organic union realis$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ betwe5 ! religi\s elem5t & ! moral elem5t4 ,no?+ is m /rik+ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & 9 all ! ,p>ables ( ,jesus1 no?+ bett] atte/s ! sup]iority ( ,*ri/ianity to ant]ior cults1 no?+ proves ) great] =ce & cle>ness t x is ! p]fect & def9itive ,religion1 ?an t mutual p5etration1 t fusion1 t id5tification1 9 a ^w1 ( religion & morality1 till !n sep>ate & (t5 oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,! ,*ri/ did n desire 9 religion any?+ t 0 n 9 morality1 or 9 morality any?+ t 0 n religi\s4 ,?us did ,he br+ back piety f )\t1 & made ( x ! inn] inspiration :i* p5etrates & trans=ms ! :ole life1 a hidd5 flame1 a f]m5t act+ f ! c5tre to ! surface1 ! s\l 9 ! body1 ev] invisible & ev]y:]e pres5t4 ,he ?us f\nd$ ! absolute autonomy ( ! religi\s & ( ! moral life :i* no long] are divid$1 b appe> simply z ! two sides ( consci\sness2 ! "o int]ior & turn$ t[>ds ,god1 ! o!r ext]ior & turn$ t[>ds ! _w4 ,9 creat+ 9 u ! s5se ( our son%ip to ,god1 ,jesus did n admit ! int]v5tion ( any ext]nal au?ority betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! *ild4 ,! univ]sal prie/hood1 ) :i*1 by ,8 _s1 ,he inve/s ! lea/ ( ,8 disciples1 excludes 9 pr9ciple all sup]natural prie/hood4 ,call no man ma/] on e>?1 = "o is y\r ,ma/] 9 heav52 & all ye are bre?r54 ,! *ildr5 mu/ h free access to ! ,fa!r4 ,b1 f ! mom5t ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 in/ead ( ent]+ z div9e inspiration into ! consci\sness1 sets itself up z a visible in/itution 9 society1 x is evid5t t ?is organic union is brok51 & ! autonomy ( ! individual consci\sness compromis$4 ,! religi\s elem5t affirms itself on its own acc\nt1 & imposes itself f )\t on ! m9d ( ! fai?ful z a div9e au?ority4 ,! anci5t dualism1 :i* ! ,gospel surm\nt$1 reappe>s 9 a pr(\nd] =m2 x br+s 9 its tra9 a univ]sal sup]naturalism--t is to say1 a me*anical conception ( ! relations betwe5 ,god & ! _w4 ,in/ead ( a p5etration we h a sup]position ( two elem5ts4 ,! cl]gy sep>ates itself f ! laity & sup]poses itself ^u x z ! necess>y int]m$i>y betwe5 e>? & heav54 ,religi\s society1 con/itut$ "u ! =m ( a gov]nm5t1 sup]poses itself ^u ! civil society t x desires to rule2 grace sup]poses itself ^u nature1 act+ on x f above 9 ! sacram5ts2 ! morality ( ! ,*ur*1 9 s f> z x is a sup]natural morality1 sup]poses itself ^u ! natural morality ( consci5ce2 revelation ^u reason2 div9e dogmas ^u human sci5ce2 ! spiritual p[] ( ! prie/ ^u ! temporal p[] ( ! family & ( ! ,/ate4 ,ev]y:]e1 )9 & )\t1 ! division breaks out1 & y see arise 9 man & 9 society an inte/9e /ruggle :i* w nev] end2 = ^! two orig9al =ces t x br+s into conflict1 religion & nature1 are equally p[]ful & et]nal4 ,ca?olicism began1 !n1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! second c5tury :51 "u ! unconsci\s action ( tradition & ( pagan habits1 ! ne$ 0 felt ( objectivis+ & mat]ialis+ ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 an ext]nal fact1 ( imprison+ ! k+dom ( ,god 9 a visible in/itution1 ! imman5t revelation ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! decisions & acts ( a prie/hood4 ,?is t5d5cy1 once born1 w\ld be irresi/ible4 ,ideal & transc5d5t z x 0 at fir/1 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple w\ld become ev] m ext]nal & political4 ,absorb+ all ,*ri/ianity1 & hold+ 9 its h&s all ! graces ( ,god1 ! ,*ur* w\ld naturally pres5t itself to ! _w z ! p]man5t m$iator & ! gr& magician4 ,x 0 its "p to effect ! salvation ( s9n]s1 &1 = ?is1 x w\ld ne$1 l ! anci5t prie/s1 to (f] daily to ,god an agreeable oblation1 an expiatory sacrifice ( inf9ite value to atone = ! inf9ite s9s ( ! _w4 ,?us ! ,*ur* trans=m$ ! commemoration ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/ into a real r5ewal ( ! sacrifice on ,calv>y2 ! ,holy ,supp] became ! mass2 ! frat]nal table 0 turn$ into an alt>2 ! eld] or presbyt] 0 *ang$ into a prie/ & pontiff1 & ! bread ( ! communion into a div9e victim4 ,! dogma ( transub/antiation 0 b\nd to foll[2 to ! mat]ialisation ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,*ur* corresponds ! mat]ialisation ( ,god 9 ! ho/4 ,by virtue ( ! same pr9ciple1 ,*ri/ian piety becomes devotion1 i4e4 a ritual & m]itori\s practice1 z 9 ! anci5t cults4 ,b we mu/ n be unju/ & attribute some?+ to ,ca?olicism t x condemns4 ,x does n say t ext]nal practice is suffici5t2 ! ,*ur* e/eems x va9 & ev5 culpable unless accompani$ by ! affections & ! w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ & pr9cipal act ( piety is submission to ! ,*ur*4 ,its dogmas may be irrational1 contradictory2 its comm&m5ts may seem arbitr>y1 =eign to ! natural consci5ce1 sometimes 9 contradiction ) x2 no matt]4 ,reason1 consci5ce1 all mu/ abdicate1 & all submit4444 ,9 ! ,*ur*1 ! ,*ri/ian /ate mu/ always be a /ate ( m9ority1 = ! tutelage t x accepts w nev] cease4 ,& ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 be+ on ?is po9t sov]eign & indefectible1 c\ld n rema9 invisible & indet]m9ate4 ,an imp]i\s logic pu%$ x f ! fir/ to inc>nate itself 9 its organs1 m & m app>5t & simplifi$4 ,fir/ x 0 lodg$ 9 individual bi%ops1 !n 9 c\ncils1 until ! ,pope :5 speak+ ex ca!dra became ! sole au?ority4 ,9 #ahgj ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican1 by promulgat+ ! dogma ( ,papal infallibility1 drew ! irresi/ible conclusion f ! premises laid d[n 9 previ\s c5turies4 ,! evolution ( ,ca?olicism 0 complet$4 ,! trans=mation ( ,*ri/ianity into a sac]dotal !ocracy 0 a*iev$4 ,! fir/ is realis$ & exhau/$ 9 ! second1 & ! di/9ction we e/abli%$1 :5 speak+ ( ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & its hi/orical realisations1 is n m]ely effac$2 x no long] has any mean+4 ,f :i* foll[ two consequ5ces :i* e day become m cle> & pat5t4 ,! fir/ is t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 not)/&+ ! desires ( ,leo ,,xiii41 is fatally condemn$ to be intol]ant & intransigeant t[>ds all o!rs4 ,! second is t x is contradictory to expect any re=m 9 t ,*ur*1 or ev5 to speak ( x2 = ! ,*ur* c\ld n admit ! necessity ( re=m )\t r5\nc+ all its pret5tions4 ,a riv] nev] turns back to its s\rce4 ,ca?olicism c only exi/ by /ruggl+ = supremacy4 ,x mu/ be all or no?+4 ,at ! same "t1 ?+s are n s simple z our sy/ems4 ,! logic ( ideas does n exhau/ ! reality ( life4 ,beh9d ab/ract pr9ciples !re are pi\s s\ls4444 ,9 ,ca?olicism !re has always be5 a lat5t ,prote/antism1 by :i* ,i mean a prote/1 mute or spok51 direct or indirect1 ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple aga9/ ! oppressions ( ext]nal & tyrannical au?ority4444 ,)\t ! cont9u\s pres5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian _s 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! ,re=mation w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,)\t ! triumph ( ! sac]dotal _s x w\ld h be5 unnecess>y4 ,prote/antism sprang out ( ,ca?olicism because x 0 virtually conta9$ 9 x4 #d4 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity ,x is /rangely to mi/ake ! nature ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation ( ! sixte5? c5tury to see 9 x a sort ( semi-rationalism1 ! inconsi/5t ex]cise ( free exam9ation1 or ! revolution>y introduction ( a =eign philosophical pr9ciple into ! w>p & wo( ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,y h only to read ! biography ( ! ,re=m]s & to make a slight analysis ( _! s\l to =m an entirely diff]5t idea ( _! "w4 ,! fir/ & almo/ ! only "q :i* preoccupies & tr\bles !m is an exclusively religi\s & practical "q3 ,:at mu/ we d 9 ord] to be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god8 ,h[ may we atta9 to peace ( s\l & to ! assurance ( p>don & ( life et]nal8 ,to f9d ?is peace1 ?is p>don & salvation1 :i* ! ,*ur* c\ld n procure = !m1 !y det]m9$ to turn back & qu5* _! ?ir/ at ! primitive s\rces ( ! ,gospel4 ,!y w5t back to ! orig9al docum5ts because !y 7 p]suad$ t ,*ri/ianity _h be5 corrupt$ 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies2 !y wi%$ to h x 9 its purity4 ,_! :ole re=mation 0 to consi/ 9 ?is re/oration ( primitive tru?4 ,b hi/ory nev] recomm5ces4 ,?is return to ! pa/ & ?is re-read+ ( ! ,bible 7 accompani$ by a religi\s exp]i5ce & an act ( consci\sness :i* made ( _! ent]prise some?+ ess5tially new & orig9al1 & :i* r5d]$ x immeasurably fruitful4 ,x is unnecess>y to seek else:]e ?an 9 psy*ological exp]i5ce ! g]m ( ,prote/antism4 ,x 0 9 ! humble cell ( a conv5t at ,erfurt & 9 ! s\l ( a poor monk t ! drama 0 fir/ enact$ f :i* sprang ! revolution t has *ang$ ! face ( ! _w4 ,lu!r ent]$ ! conv5t ) a fai? 9 ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* & 9 ! efficacy ( its rites z s]i\s & entire z t ( any monk4 ,if x 0 possible1 he said aft]w>ds1 to rea* ,heav5 by monk]y1 ,i 0 resolv$ to rea* x by t road4 ,= ye>s he %rank f no?+ t might r5d] ,god propiti\s2 he multipli$ 8 acts ( devotion & 8 works ( p5ance4 ,!re is a /rik+ analogy betwe5 ! exp]i5ces ( ,lu!r "u ! mona*al regime & ^? ( ,saul ( ,t>sus "u ! discipl9e ( ! ,ph>isaic ,law4 ,! d5\m5t 0 ! same4 ,= ! second "t1 ! sy/em ( pi\s works 0 f\nd p[]less to appease a consci5ce :i* r\s$ aga9/ itself ! rig\r ( its own ideal4 ,?is /ruggle aga9/ an ext]nal law c\ld only exasp]ate ! s5se ( s9 to ! po9t ( despair4 ,paul & ,lu!r1 9 precisely ! same mann]1 exp]i5c$ ! inw>d empt9ess & radical wor?lessness ( ! religi\s sy/em 9 :i* !y _h be5 tra9$4 ,! m !y _h tri$ to realise x 9 its p]fection1 ! m _h !y f\nd x want+4 ,ca?olicism1 consid]$ z a means ( salvation1 0 reject$ by ! religi\s & moral consci\sness ( ,lu!r1 be=e x 0 condemn$ by exegesis & by reason+4 ,to rea* ?is s5t5ce )\t appeal ! ,saxon monk _h b to ma9ta9 inflexible ! dem&s ( ! div9e law & to measure1 )\t illusion1 ! abyss t sep>at$ him f ,god1 & t no human works c\ld fill4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t he f\nd himself %ut up to ! ess5ce ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 he f\nd ! peace t fl$ f him 9 ! pure & simple acceptance ( ! glad tid+s ( ! pat]nal love ( ,god1 9 ! confid5ce t ,he gives gratuit\sly t :i* man c nev] conqu] = himself1 namely1 ! remission ( s9s & ! c]titude ( et]nal life4 ,:at !n is fai?8 ,is x /ill intellectual adhesion to dogmas or submission to an ext]nal au?ority8 ,no4 ,x is an act ( confid5ce1 ! act ( a *ildlike he>t1 :i* f9ds ) joy ! ,fa!r :om x knew n1 & ,:om1 )\t presumption1 x is happy h5ce=? to hold ) bo? its h&s4 ,t is :at ,lu!r f\nd 9 ,paul's great words3 ,! j %all live by fai?4 ,9 ?is radical trans=mation ( ! notion ( fai? re/or$ to its evangelical mean+ is to be f\nd ! pr9ciple ( ! greate/ religi\s revolution effect$ 9 ! _w s9ce ! prea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,let u !re=e "h set =? ! radical opposition betwe5 ! ,ca?olic pr9ciple & ! ,prote/ant pr9ciple 9 ord] t we may ?or\ghly und]/& ! int]nec9e w> t 0 h5ce=? to be wag$ betwe5 !m4 ,9 va9 w em95t m5 9 bo? camps1 ) ! mo/ g5]\s & conciliatory int5tions1 arise & endeav\r to f9d "s middle gr\nd1 & effect a pacific reunion ( ! two halves ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,all compromises1 all diplomatic negotiations1 w fail1 because ea* ( ! two pr9ciples c only subsi/ by ! negation ( ! o!r4 ,hav+ atta9$ to salvation1 to full communion ) ,god1 indep5d5tly ( & 9 collision ) ! au?ority & ! discipl9e ( ! sac]dotal ,*ur*1 h[ c\ld ,lu!r recognise !m any long] z div9e & submit to !m ) s9c]ity & confid5ce8 ,! anci5t edifice _h be5 ! m ?or\ghly ru9$1 inasmu* z x _h become useless & _h be5 replac$4 ,! orig9ality ( ,lu!r consi/$ 9 ?is3 8 religi\s enfran*isem5t sprang f 8 own piety1 & he f\nd$ 8 fre$om on 8 s5se ( son%ip1 on ! s5se he _h ( 8 quality & titles z a *ild & heir ( ,god4 ,h[ c\ld su* a consci\sness submit itself to ! yoke aga9 )\t d5y+ itself8 ,ca?olicism1 on ! o!r h&1 _c be less intransigeant4 ,to recognise 9 any degree :atev] t x is possible to a ,*ri/ian to enjoy p>don & ! s5se ( ! div9e fa!rhood ap>t f its dogmas & its prie/hood1 w\ld n ?is be to abdicate all its pret5sions1 & to trans=m itself to ! po9t ( de/ruction8 ,no d\bt1 9 actual life1 ?is opposition is att5uat$ by ! fact t 9 all ,ca?olicism !re is a lat5t ,prote/antism1 & 9 all ,prote/antism a lat5t ,ca?olicism4 ,betwe5 ,port-,royal & ,g5eva1 betwe5 ,bossuet & ,leibniz1 betwe5 ,leo ,,xiii4 & ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 ! di/ance seems b little4 ,x is an illusion4 ,l two electricities ( ! same "n1 no soon] d !y come into contact ?an !y repel ea* o!r & sep>ate m widely ?an be=e4 ,9 ,ca?olicism ,*ri/ianity t5ds to realise itself z a !ocratic in/itution2 x becomes an ext]nal law1 a sup]natural p[]1 :i*1 f )\t1 imposes itself on individuals & on peoples4 ,9 ,prote/antism1 on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ianity is br\ght back f ! ext]ior to ! int]ior2 x plants itself 9 ! s\l z a pr9ciple ( subjective inspiration :i*1 act+ organically on individual & social life1 trans=ms x & elevates x progressively )\t d5aturalis+ & do+ viol5ce to x4 ,prote/ant subjectivity becomes spontaneity & lib]ty1 j z necess>ily z ,ca?olic objectivity becomes sup]naturalism & cl]ical tyranny4 ,! religi\s elem5t is no long] sep>at$ f ! moral elem5t2 x no long] ass]ts itself z a tru? or a morality sup]ior to human tru? & human morality4 ,! int5sity ( ! religi\s life is no long] measur$ by ! numb] or ! f]v\r ( pi\s works or ritual practices1 b by ! s9c]ity & elevation ( ! life ( ! _s4 ,all asceticism is radically suppress$4 ,sci5ce is set free along ) consci5ce2 ! political life ( ! peoples1 z well z ! inn] life ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,man escapes f tutelage1 & 9 all dep>tm5ts comes into possession ( himself1 into ! full & free developm5t ( 8 be+1 into 8 majority4 ,?is subjective "* ( a religion /rictly moral /amps itself ) en]gy on all ! specific doctr9es ( ,prote/antism4 ,x w\ld be sup]flu\s to dwell ^u ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?2 its subjective "* is evid5t4 ,no d\bt ! t]m ju/ification has a legal col\r & awak5s ! idea ( a tribunal4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?is tribunal is no?+ b ! inn] c\rt :]e man & ,god meet ea* o!r face to face1 :]e man is accus$ by 8 own consci5ce1 & :]e ! s5t5ce :i* absolves him is ! inw>d witness ( ! ,holy ,_s1 he>d by him alone4 ,! doctr9e ( ! sov]eign au?ority ( ,scripture 9 matt]s ( fai? might seem at fir/ sight to set up an ext]nal au?ority4 ,& x is v true t c]ta9 ,prote/ants h (t5 und]/ood x 9 ! ,ca?olic s5se1 & h employ$ x to ex]cise "s viol5ce on _! own consci5ce or on ! consci5ce ( _! bre?r54 ,b !y nev] succe$ = long2 !y soon fall into a too flagrant contradiction4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,bible is nev] sep>at$ 9 ,prote/antism f ! "r ( ! individual to int]pret x freely1 & f ! p]sonal duty ( assimilat+ ! tru?s he discov]s 9 x4 ,:at !re=e are ^? ,prote/ants do+ :o attempt to set up a confession ( fai? z absolute & obligatory tru? b impos+ on _! bre?r5 _! own subjective int]pretation1 &1 consequ5tly1 d5y+ to o!rs ! "r :i* !y ex]cise !mselves8 ,nor let x be =gott51 on ! o!r h&1 t ! obligation laid on ea* ,*ri/ian to read ! ,bible & draw f x 8 fai? is a p]petual & fruitful appeal to ! en]gy ( ?\ght & to ! autonomy ( ! inn] life4 ,! au?ority ( ,scripture1 s f> f be+ a m5ace to ,*ri/ian lib]ty1 is its inv9cible ramp>t4 ,n only has ! ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian 9 ! "n ( ! ,bible triumph$ ov] eighte5 c5turies ( tradition1 b x is ! ,bible1 an appeal to ! ,bible ev] bett] und]/ood1 :i* has sav$ ,prote/ant !ology f s*ola/icism1 :i* has prev5t$ x f congeal+ 9 a confession ( fai?1 & :i*1 leav+ ! pr9ciple ( ! ,gospel 9 an ideal transc5d5ce 9 relation to all its hi/orical expressions or realisations1 has ma9ta9$1 & /ill ma9ta9s1 ! _s ( re=m 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! doctr9es ( grace & ( pr$e/9ation1 :i* are at ! c5tre ( ,calv9ism1 h no o!r mean+4 ,s\ls religi\sly in]t see 9 ^! doctr9es no?+ b an abuse ( bl9d p[]1 a sort ( div9e fatum1 break+ e spr+ 9 ! human s\l4 ,no?+ appe>s to be m oppressive or m immoral4 ,b ?is is only an appe>ance4 ,!re is really no pr$e/9ation = irreligi\s s\ls4 ,?is doctr9e is b ! expression ( ! inn] basis ( all true piety1 :i* is no?+ if x is n ! s5se1 ! feel+1 ( ! pres5ce & ! sov]eign & cont9u\s action ( ,god 9 ea* s\l & 9 all ! univ]se4 ,no o!r s5tim5t gives s mu* spr+ & vig\r to ! human w1 no?+ raises x to su* a height or makes x s inv9cible to all assaults f )9 & )\t4 ,if ,god be = u1 :o c be aga9/ u8 etc4 7,rom4 viii4 #ca-ci74 ,h[ is x t ! ,calv9i/ic ,puritans ( ,new ,engl& 7 ! f\nd]s ( mod]n lib]ty1 & ! ,jesuits1 ^? admirable !oris]s on freewill1 ! precursors ( all ! s]vitudes8 ,x is ) pr$e/9ation z x is ) religion itself4 ,conceiv$ z ext]ior to ! life ( ! s\l1 x gives bir?1 no d\bt1 to a cru%+ despotism2 conceiv$ z an inw>d inspiration1 su/a9+ ! initiative & ev5 ! lib]ty ( ! individual1 x becomes1 9 ! ,*ri/ian s\l1 ! s\rce ( a =ce :i* no?+ c break or subdue4 ,b ! po9t at :i* ! anti!sis betwe5 ,prote/antism & ,ca?olicism becomes mo/ pat5t is ! doctr9e ( ! natural prie/hood ( all ,*ri/ians z oppos$ to t ( ! sup]natural prie/hood ( a privileg$ cl]gy4 ,! free & p]petual communion ( believ+ s\ls ) ! ,fa!r is ! f\ndation ( ! indep5d5ce ( ea* & ( ! frat]nal equality ( all4 ,! tap-root ( cl]icalism is cut4 ,! individual is a prie/ be=e ! int]ior alt> ( 8 consci5ce2 ! fa!r is a prie/ 9 8 h\sehold2 ! citiz51 if s he wills1 9 ! city4 ,! ,ca?olic notion ( dogma vani%es ) all ! re/4 ,to speak ( an immutable & infallible dogma1 9 ,prote/antism1 is nons5se2 t is to say1 if we accept ! diction>y def9ition ( dogma--! promulgation by ! ,*ur* ( an absolute =mula4 ,! decision ( a ,*ur* _c h m au?ority ?an t ,*ur* itself4 ,n[1 no ,prote/ant ,*ur* holds itself1 or c hold itself )\t d5y+ itself1 to be infallible4 ,h[ !n c\ld x communicate to its def9itions an infallibility t x did n itself possess8 ,prote/ant confessions ( fai? are always condition$ 9 "t1 & c nev] be def9itive2 !y are always revisable1 consequ5tly !y are always liable to criticism & to re=m4 ,?us ceases ! solidification ( traditional dogma4 ,! old ice melts b5ea? ! brea? ( k & ( piety4 ,! riv] takes aga9 its natural c\rse1 & evolution1 "u ! control ( a p]petual criticism1 becomes ! law ( religi\s ?\ght1 z ( all o!r human activities4 ,f ^! obs]vations & analyses 7necess>ily abridg$7 ! true nature ( ,prote/antism w h become suffici5tly cle>4 ,x is n a dogma set up 9 ! face ( ano!r dogma1 a ,*ur* 9 competition ) a rival ,*ur*1 a purifi$ ,ca?olicism oppos$ to a traditional ,ca?olicism4 ,x is m & bett] ?an a doctr9e1 x is a me?od2 m & bett] ?an a bett] ,*ur*1 x is a new =m ( piety2 x is a diff]5t _s1 creat+ a new _w & inaugurat+ = religi\s s\ls a new regime4 ,x is equally evid5t t ,prote/antism _c be imprison$ 9 any def9itive =m4 ,x leads to v>iety ( =mulas1 rites1 & associations z necess>ily z ! ,ca?olic pr9ciple leads to unity4 ,no limit c be set to its developm5t4 ,always int]ior1 invisible1 ideal1 ! religi\s pr9ciple t x repres5ts accompanies ! life & activity ( ! _s into all ! pa?s t man may pursue & 9 all ! progress he may make4 ,no?+ human is ali5 to x2 nor is x ali5 to any?+ t is human4 ,x solves ! problem ( lib]ty & au?ority z x is solv$ by free & ord]$ gov]nm5ts2 x does n suppress ei!r ( ! t]ms1 b conciliates !m by r$uc+ au?ority to its p$agogic role1 & by mak+ ! ,*ri/ian _s ! s\l & inn] rule ( lib]ty4 ,by v reason ( its sup]iority1 & ( ! conditions ( g5]al culture t x presupposes1 ?is =m ( ,*ri/ianity c\ld only appe> aft] all ! o!rs4 ,! _s c only become self-consci\s by di/+ui%+ itself f ! body 9 :i* at fir/ x seems z if diffus$1 & by oppos+ to x an en]getic moral prote/4 ,t is n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural2 & aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #df4 ,cf4 ,gal4 iv4 #a-e74 ,?is div9e plan1 :i* ! apo/le discov]$ 9 ! anci5t hi/ory ( humanity1 is repeat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,messianic =m corresponds to infancy1 to t brief1 happy age 9 :i* ! impati5t imag9ation n\ri%es itself on dreams & illusions :i* ! exp]i5ce ( life soon dissipates )\t kill+ or ev5 enfeebl+ ! immortal hope at ! he>t ( x4 ,! ,ca?olic =m1 :i* succe$s x1 endures long] & corresponds to ! age ( adolesc5ce1 9 :i* education is pa9fully prosecut$1 & x dem&s a /rict ext]nal discipl9e & ma/]s ^: au?ority mu/ n be que/ion$ or discuss$4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t ,ca?olic discipl9e & au?ority conduct$ ! sl[1 labori\s education ( ! pagan & b>b>ian _w up to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,b a mom5t mu/ arrive :5 ! "w ( education _h succe$$1 :5 ! lead+ /r+s ess5tial to *ildhood began to be a bondage & a h9drance4 ,! p$agogic mission ( ! ,*ur*1 l t ( ! family itself1 _h its limit & its t]m 9 ! v function x fulfill$4 ,t function 0 to make adult ,*ri/ians & free m51 n m5 )\t rule1 b ,*ri/ians hav+ 9 !mselves1 9 _! consci5ce & _! inn] life1 ! supreme rule ( _! ?\ght & conduct4 ,?is new age ( autonomy1 ( firm possession ( self1 & ( int]nal self-gov]nm5t1 is t :i* ,prote/antism repres5ts1 & x c\ld only comm5ce 9 mod]n times--t is to say1 ) t g5]al movem5t :i*1 s9ce ! end ( ! ,middle ,ages1 is lead+ humanity to an ev] complet] enfran*isem5t1 & r5d]+ x m univ]sally & m individually responsible = its de/9ies4 ,x may be rem>k$ t by ?is evolution1 & "u its ,prote/ant =m1 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple 0 only return+ to its pure ess5ce & its primitive expression4 ,x c\ld only recognise itself1 take cognisance ( its true nature1 sep>ate itself f t :i* 0 n itself2 x c\ld only dis5cumb] itself ( e mat]ial1 tempor>y1 or local elem5t1 ( all by :i* x _h become sur*>g$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 & :i* 0 nei!r religi\s nor moral1 by rem\nt+ to its s\rce1 & by r5ew+ its /r5g?1 ?r\gh reflection & criticism1 at its orig9al spr+s4 ,t is :y ,prote/antism has tak5 ! =m ( ?is return to ! pa/1 = 9 x ,*ri/ianity does n surpass itself2 x simply tries to "k itself bett] & to become m fai?ful to its pr9ciple4 ,9 ! consci\sness ( ,*ri/1 :at did we f9d 0 ! ess5ce ( ! p]fect & et]nal piety8 ,no?+ m ?an moral rep5tance1 confid5ce 9 ! love ( ! ,fa!r & ! filial s5se ( ,8 imm$iate1 active pres5ce 9 ! he>t3 ! inde/ructible f\ndation ( our lib]ty1 ( our moral dignity1 ( our security1 9 face ( ! enigmas ( ! univ]se & ! my/]ies ( dea?4 ,is x n to ?is et]nal gospel t we mu/ always return8 ,to f9i% its c\rse & complete its "w1 w humanity ev] discov] ano!r viaticum t w bett] r5ew its c\rage & its hope8 #e4 ,conclusion ,"h ,i mu/ /op4 ,at ! outset ,i spoke ( a p]sonal confession1 & x seems to me z if x 7 ne>ly complete4 ,9 sket*+ ! broad outl9es ( ! religi\s hi/ory ( humanity1 ,i h _h b "o object2 ,i h wi%$ to %[ ! m5 ( my g5]ation :y ,i rema9 religi\s1 ,*ri/ian1 & ,prote/ant4 ,i am religi\s because ,i am a man & d n desire to be less ?an human1 & because humanity1 9 me & 9 my race1 comm5ces & completes itself 9 religion & by religion4 ,i am ,*ri/ian because ,i _c be religi\s 9 any o!r way1 & because ,*ri/ianity is ! p]fect & supreme =m ( religion 9 ?is _w4 ,la/ly1 ,i am ,prote/ant1 n f any confessional zeal1 nor f racial atta*m5t to ! family ( ,hugu5ots1 al?\gh ,i ?ank ,god daily t ,i 0 born 9 t family1 b because 9 ,prote/antism alone c ,i enjoy ! h]itage ( ,*ri/--t is to say1 because 9 x ,i c be a ,*ri/ian )\t plac+ my consci5ce "u any ext]nal yoke1 & because ,i c =tify myself 9 communion ) & 9 adoration ( an imman5t ,deity by consecrat+ to ,him ! activity ( my intellect1 ! natural affections ( my he>t1 & f9d 9 ?is moral consecration ! free expansion & developm5t ( my :ole be+4 ,"u ?is new =m1 dive/$ ( ! swaddl+-clo!s by :i* at fir/ x 0 b\nd1 ,*ri/ianity always seems to me to be be/ z x is1 a spiritual & et]nal pr9ciple1 :i* br+s peace to ! s\l1 & :i* alone c give h>mony & unity to ! _w4 ,no?+ c contradict x except evil & error2 ev]y?+ s]ves & /r5g!ns x4 ,x is ?is pr9ciple :i* to my eyes manife/s itself ) ev]-gr[+ cle>ness 9 t h]oic love ( ,sci5ce :i*1 9 our "t1 has creat$ s _m m>vels & made s _m m>tyrs2 ?is x is :i* reveals itself to me 9 ! works ( all ! great arti/s1 9 t ideal ( beauty :i* enraptures !m & br+s su* g5]\s te>s into our eyes2 x is ?is :i* ,i hon\r & bless 9 ! ef=ts ( m5 :o int]e/ !mselves 9 ! future ( humanity1 & :o 9 ! political direction ( _! c\ntry or 9 ! "w ( social education seek & f9d "s means ( rais+ & ameliorat+ ! condition ( ! p3 ,i salute x 9 ! illu/ri\s apo/les ( all great causes & 9 ! obscure work]s at all humble tasks1 f ! "m :o tea*es h] *ildr5 to jo9 _! h&s & b5d _! knees be=e ! ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 to ! prea*] & ! mission>y :o fai?fully di/ribute to ! hungry s\l ! bread ( ! ,gospel1 f ! si/] ( *>ity :o devotes h] life to ! solace ( ! sick & suff]+1 to ! ?9k] :o fa?oms ! my/]ies ( ! he>t & ( ! univ]se 9 ord] t he may %$ on ! pa?s ( err+ humanity "s rays ( light & joy4 ,amid ! twilight t envelopes u y pr$ict ! ?reat5+ night2 ,i see ! day t is ab\t to dawn ) a new c5tury4 ,:]e y see no?+ b discords1 conflicts1 & confusion1 ,i see a conc\rse ( =ces :i*1 com+ f all po9ts ( ! horizon1 are /ill ignorant ( ea* o!r1 &1 because ignorant1 conflict+1 b :i*1 by ^! v conflicts & collisions1 are lab\r+ toge!r 9 ! common "w ( elevation & salvation3 ! my/]i\s "w ^: nature ,*ri/ def9$ 9 ,8 ,gospel1 & ^: motive-p[] he creat$ by brea?+ into ! human he>t ,8 own frat]nal love4 ,s9ce !n !re has be5 a secret inquietude at ! he>t ( all egoisms1 a s5t5ce ( condemnation on ! br[ ( all abuses & all tyrannies4 ,! mod]n _w c nev] settle d[n aga9 into repose1 or fall asleep 9 evil & 9 slav]y2 x has _h a vision x _c =get2 x has be5 t\*$ ) a flame t _c be qu5*$4 ,_m :o are (t5 ! be/ collaborators 9 ?is "w ( r$emption "k n :5ce x comes & :i!r x t5ds2 !y ev5 blaspheme ! ,*ri/ :o inspires x & ! ,god :o ma9ta9s x4 ,!y "k n :at !y d1 nor :at !y say3 9 _! ignorance !y calumniate t :i* is be/ bo? 9 _! life & 9 !mselves4 ,,book ,,?ird ,,dogma ,,*apt] ,i ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,dogma8 #a4 ,def9ition ,dogma1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 is "o or m doctr9al propositions :i*1 9 a religi\s society1 & z ! result ( ! decisions ( ! compet5t au?ority1 h become ! object ( fai?1 & ! rule ( belief & practice4 ,x w\ld n be en\gh to say t a religi\s society has dogmas z a political society has laws4 ,= ! fir/1 x is a mu* great] necessity4 ,moral societies n only ne$ to be gov]n$2 !y ne$ to def9e !mselves & to expla9 _! raison d'etre4 ,n[1 !y c only d ?is 9 _! dogma4 ,dogma !re=e is a ph5om5on ( social life4 ,"o _c conceive ei!r dogma )\t a ,*ur*1 or a ,*ur* )\t dogma4 ,! two notions are correlative & insep>able4 ,!re are ?ree elem5ts 9 dogma3 a religi\s elem5t1 :i* spr+s f piety2 an intellectual or philosophic elem5t1 :i* supposes reflection & discussion2 & an elem5t ( au?ority1 :i* comes f ! ,*ur*4 ,dogma is a doctr9e ( :i* ! ,*ur* has made a law4 ,all ! peoples ( antiquity believ$ t _! legislation came f heav54 ,9 l mann] all ! ,*ur*es h believ$1 & _m ( !m /ill believe1 t _! dogmas1 9 _! (ficial =m1 h be5 directly giv5 to !m by ,god ,himself4 ,! hi/ory ( evolution1 political & religi\s1 has dissipat$ ^! illusions4 ,e law ( righte\sness & tru? %\ld1 d\btless1 be ref]r$ to ! my/]i\s action ( ! ,div9e ,_s :i* works incessantly 9 ! spirits ( m52 b1 9 its hi/orical =m1 x be>s1 nev]!less1 ! /amp ( ! cont+5t conditions 9 :i* x is born4 ,! g5ius ( a p is n[h]e m manife/ ?an 9 its con/itution & its laws1 nor ! s\l & ! orig9al inspiration ( a ,*ur* ?an 9 its dogmatic creations4 ,! "w always be>s ! moral impress ( ! workman4 ,x foll[s t a ,*ur* _c claim = its dogma m au?ority ?an x possesses itself4 ,only a ,*ur* :i* is infallible c issue immutable dogmas4 ,:5 ,prote/antism sets up su* a pret5sion1 x falls into a radical contradiction ) its own pr9ciple1 & t contradiction ru9s all attempts ( ?is k9d4 ,9 ,ca?olicism ! !ory ( ! immutability ( dogmas is oppos$ to hi/ory2 9 ,prote/antism x is oppos$ to logic4 ,9 bo? cases ! affirmation is %[n to be illusory4 ,x is ) dogmas1 s long z !y are alive1 z x is ) all liv+ ?+s2 !y are 9 a p]petual /ate ( trans=mation4 ,!y only become immutable :5 !y are dead1 & !y beg9 to die :5 !y cease to be /udi$ = _! own sakes--t is1 to be discuss$4 ,dogma1 !re=e1 :i* s]ves z a law & visible bond to ! ,*ur*1 is nei!r ! pr9ciple nor ! f\ndation ( religion4 ,x is n primitive2 x nev] appe>s until late 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s evolution4 ,!re 7 poets & orators1 says ,voltaire1 be=e !re 0 a gramm> & a rhetoric4 ,man *ant$ be=e he reason$4 ,ev]y:]e ! prophet prec$$ ! rabbi1 & religion !ology4 ,x may be said1 no d\bt1 t dogma is 9 religion1 s9ce x comes out ( x2 b x is 9 x z ! fruits ( ,autumn are 9 ! blossoms ( ,spr+4 ,dogmas & fruits1 9 ord] to =m & rip51 ne$ long summ]s & mu* sun%9e4 ,! be/ way to describe _! nature w be to trace _! g5esis4 #b4 ,! ,g5esis ( ,dogma ,dogma has its tap-root 9 religion4 ,9 e positive ,religion !re is an int]nal & an ext]nal elem5t1 a s\l & a body4 ,! s\l is inw>d piety1 ! movem5t ( adoration & ( pray]1 ! div9e s5sibility ( ! he>t2 ! body consi/s ( ext]nal =ms1 ( rites & dogmas1 in/itutions & codes4 ,life consi/s 9 ! organic union ( ^! two elem5ts4 ,)\t ! s\l1 religion is b an empty =m1 a m]e corpse4 ,)\t ! body1 :i* is ! expression & ! in/rum5t ( ! s\l1 religion is indisc]nible1 unconsci\s1 & unrealis$4 ,:i* ( ^! two elem5ts is primitive & g5]ative8 ,! answ] is n d\btful4 ,mod]n psy*ology has le>nt x 9 a mann] nev] to be =gott5 f ,s*lei]ma*]1 ,b5jam9 ,con/ant1 & ,alex&] ,v9et4 ,! pr9ciple ( all religion is 9 piety1 j z ! pr9ciple ( language is 9 ?\ght1 al?\gh x is n possible n[ to conceive ( !m z be+ sep>ate4 ,consid] a mom5t4 ,t religion :i* "t & cu/om h trans=m$1 p]haps1 into a me*anical r\nd ( c]emonies1 or into a sy/em ( ab/ractions & metaphysical !ories1 :at 0 x at fir/8 ,trace x to its s\rce1 & y w f9d t ^! cold blocks ( lava once came burn+ hot f an int]ior fire4 ,b ?is is ! p>t+ ( ! ways4 ,?is is ! po9t at :i* religi\s m9ds sep>ate into widely diff]5t gr\ps4 ,reg>d+ religion z a sav+ in/itution 9 ! =m ( a visible organis$ ,*ur* ma9ta9$ by ,god & provid$ ) all ! means ( grace1 ,ca?olicism 0 b\nd to end 9 a sort ( me*anical psy*ology1 & to expla9 ! s5tim5t ( piety z ! inw>d effect ( ! outw>d & sup]natural in/itution4 ,?is is done by ,bell>m9e & de ,bonald1 ! mo/ consi/5t ( ! ,ca?olic !ologians4 ,prote/antism1 on ! contr>y1 :i* makes ( ! fai? ( ! he>t1 ( ! imm$iate & p]sonal relation ( ! s\l to ,god1 ! v pr9ciple ( ju/ification1 & ( all religi\s life1 0 b\nd none ! less logically to end1 by analysis1 9 a m pr(\nd psy*ology1 & to ref] to an inw>d pr9ciple all ! =ms & manife/ations ( religion4 ,religi\s hi/ory ?us becomes homog5e\s1 & runs p>allel ) t ( all ! o!r activities ( ! human m9d4 ,none ! less1 ?is subjectivity ( ! religi\s pr9ciple fright5s _m good m54 ,p]sons devot$ to practice1 & unconsci\sly dom9at$ by ! habits & necessities ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t & religi\s tea*+1 hesitate to ent] ^u a road s naturally op5$4 ,z1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 religion has be5 taught & propagat$ ext]nally by ! ,*ur*1 ! family1 or special ag5ts1 x is impossible = !m to imag9e t x 0 n always s1 & n to trace back to ,god ,himself t *a9 or tradition ( ext]nal in/ruction4 ,9 :i* !y are c]ta9ly "r4 ,_! only error1 b x is a grave "o1 is to repres5t ,god z an ord9>y tea*]1 ! fir/ ( a s]ies1 :o once act$1 l ! re/ ( !m1 ^u ,8 pupils f )\t2 :]eas ,god works 9 all s\ls1 acts & tea*es )\t ceas+ ?r\gh all human ma/]s1 & is pres5t ?r\gh\t ! :ole religi\s education ( humanity4 ,:o does n see t to repres5t ?+s o!rwise is to rema9 9 ! crude/ & lea/ religi\s ( an?ropomorphisms8 ,at bottom1 ^! m5 are afraid ( los+ revelation1 :i* !y rightly judge to be insep>able f ! v idea ( religion4 ,!y object t piety & ! awak5+ ( ! religi\s s5tim5t mu/ h an objective cause1 & t t cause c only be a revelation ( ,god ,himself4 ,no?+ is m true2 b ?is revelation :i* is effect$ )\t1 9 ! ev5ts ( ,nature or ( ,hi/ory1 is only kn[n )91 9 & by ! human consci\sness4 ,?is inw>d inspiration alone enables religi\s m5 to int]pret ,nature & ,hi/ory religi\sly4 ,n[1 ?is int]pretation is made by _! intellect & accord+ to ! laws & conditions :i* regulate x4 ,! religi\s ph5om5on !re=e has n two mom5ts only1 ! objective revelation z a cause & ! subjective piety z an effect2 x has ?ree1 :i* always foll[ ea* o!r 9 ! same ord]3 ! inn] revelation ( ,god1 :i* produces ! subjective piety ( man1 :i*1 9 its turn1 eng5d]s ! hi/orical religi\s =ms1 rites1 =mul>ies ( fai?1 sacr$ books1 social creations1 :i* we c "k & describe z ext]nal facts4 ,x w be se5 :at an error !y commit1 :at a mi/ake !y make1 :o id5tify ! ?ird t]m ) ! fir/1 suppress+ ! second1 :i* is ! necess>y l9k & =ms ! transition betwe5 ! o!r two4 ,:oev] w fa?om ?is little problem 9 psy*ology1 & reflect ^u x ) a little att5tion1 w see t all religi\s revelation ( ,god mu/ necess>ily pass ?r\gh human subjectivity be=e arriv+ at hi/orical objectivity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pass+ n[ f ! intellectual int]pretation to ! intellectual expression ( religion1 & not+ ! successive /ages ?r\gh :i* x mu/ necess>ily advance t[>ds dogma1 ,i rem>k once m t man's fir/ language is t ( ! imag9ation4 ,! imag9ation ( ! *ild or ( ! savage animates1 dramatises1 & transfigures ev]y?+4 ,x spontane\sly eng5d]s vivid & poetic images4 ,at ! beg9n+1 religion1 consi/+ *iefly ( emotions1 pres5tim5ts1 movem5ts ( ! he>t1 clo!d itself 9 my?ologic =ms4444 ,b ! age ( individual reflection comes4 ,! image t5ds to *ange into ! idea4 ,m5 int]pret1 def9e1 translate x4 ,! religi\s my? is replac$ by ! religi\s doctr9e4 ,^! are at fir/ entirely p]sonal int]pretations4 ,nev]!less1 ^! op9ions desire to propagate !mselves1 to become g5]al1 &1 z !y are imp]fect & div]se1 !y eng5d] conflicts :i* ?reat5 to become s*isms4 ,my?s1 appeal+ to ! imag9ation m]ely1 & only pr(ess+ to translate ! common emotion1 draw s\ls toge!r & fuse !m into a real unity2 individual reason1 private exegesis1 inevitably sep>ates !m4 ,b ! consci\sness ( ! community1 ?us m5ac$1 naturally reacts by ! in/9cts ( cons]vation4 ,!re is !re=e a /ruggle betwe5 ! two1 & out ( ?is conflict dogma is born4 ,a new elem5t mu/ int]v5e4 ,!re mu/ be a ,*ur*4 ,n[1 all religions d n =m *ur*es4 ,! ph5om5on is only produc$ 9 ! univ]sali/ & moral religions4 ,/rictly speak+1 !re is no ,*ur* except 9 ,*ri/ianity2 & no dogmas save ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,9 anci5t societies1 :]e religion 0 conf\nd$ ei!r ) ! ,/ate1 or ) ! nationality1 ! religi\s unity 0 ma9ta9$ & gu>ante$ by ! same means z ! political unity4 ,!re 7 no dogmas1 because dogmas 7 ( no use4 ,z mu* may be said ( ,hebraism & ( ,islam3 9 !m !re 7 rites1 ext]nal signs & seals1 :i* suffic$ to weld & to ma9ta9 ! religi\s bond4 ,dogma only arises :5 ! religi\s society1 di/+ui%+ itself f ! civil1 becomes a moral society1 recruit+ itself by volunt>y adh]5ts4 ,?is society1 l e o!r1 gives to itself :at x ne$s 9 ord] to live1 to def5d itself1 & propagate itself4 ,doctr9e necess>ily becomes = x an ess5tial ?+2 = 9 its doctr9e x expresses its s\l1 its mission1 its fai?4 ,x is necess>y also t x %\ld c>ry its doctr9e to a degree at once ( g5]ality & precision high en\gh to embrace & to translate all ! mom5ts ( its religi\s exp]i5ce & to elim9ate all ali5 & ho/ile elem5ts4 ,controv]sy spr+s up & ?reat5s to r5d x4 ,! ,*ur* !n *ooses & =mulates a def9ition ( ! po9t conte/$3 x enacts x z ! adequate expression ( its fai?1 & sanctions x ) all its objective au?ority3 dogma is born4 ,f t mom5t also ! two correlative notions ( or?odoxy & h]esy are =m$4 ,or?odoxy is (ficial & collective doctr9e2 h]esy is individual doctr9e or int]pretation4444 ,by & by symbols or confessions ( fai? are =m$1 & ^! become ! /&>ds ( fai? & practice 9 ! v>i\s *ur*es t adopt !m4 ,?is long evolution is fully ju/ifi$ 9 ! eyes ( reason4 ,x is a movem5t ( ! m9d z legitimate z x is necess>y4 ,! g]m mu/ become a tree1 ! *ild gr[ to manhood1 ! image be trans=m$ into ! idea1 & poetry give place to prose4 ,x is possible to be mi/ak5 z to ! nature1 orig91 & value ( dogma1 b n z to its necessity4 ,! ,*ur* may make a diff]5t use ( x 9 ! future1 b x w n be able to disp5se ) x1 = ! doctr9al =m ( religion answ]s to an imp]ative ne$ ( ! epo* ( intellectual gr[? at :i* we h arriv$4 ,no "o c ei!r rev]se or arre/ its developm5t4444 ,! ^w dogma is ant]ior to ,ca?olicism4 ,x _h two s5ses 9 ,greek antiquity3 a political & au?orit>ian s5se1 designat+ ! decrees ( popul> assemblies & ( k+s2 ?is is ! mean+ :i* dom9ates & *>act]ises ! ,ca?olic notion ( dogma4 ,b ! ^w _h also 9 ! s*ools ( ,greece an ess5tially philosophical & doctr9al mean+2 x designat$ ! *>act]i/ic doctr9e ( ea* s*ool4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es h inh]it$ ?is latt] s5se ( ! ^w3 x is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! _s & ! pr9ciple ( ,prote/antism4 ,dogma1 9 ! ,prote/ant s5se1 means ! doctr9al type g5]ally receiv$ 9 a ,*ur*1 & publicly express$ 9 its liturgy1 its cate*isms1 its (ficial tea*+1 & especially 9 its ,confession ( ,fai?4#a #a ,orig9ally ! ^w dogma signifi$ a comm&1 a precept1 & n a tru? 7,luke ii4 #a1 & ! ,septuag9t ( ,dan4 ii4 #ac2 vi4 #h2 ,e/h] iii4 #i2 #b ,maccab4 x4 #h1 etc474 ,ignatius ( ,antio* /ill uses ! ^w 9 ?is s5se4 ,x is n until t[>ds ! "t ( ,a?anasius or ( ,augu/9e t x beg9s to be us$ ( ! doctr9al decisions ( ! ,fa!rs1 ! ,c\ncils1 & ! ,pope4 7,cf4 also ,acts xv4 #bh1 #bi4 ,?is is aft]w>ds call$ a dogma1 ! only "t x is us$ 9 ! ,n4,t4 ) ref]5ce to a decision ( ! ,*ur*47 #c4 ,! ,religi\s ,value ( ,dogma ,! intol]ance ( ,ca?olic dogmatism has _h consequ5ces s revolt+1 &1 9 ,prote/antism1 :]ev] ?is dogmatism has reviv$1 x has giv5 rise to conflicts s /]ile & s lam5table1 t c]ta9 m9ds h gone s f> z to d5y ! utility ( dogma 9 ! l>ge/ s5se ( ! ^w1 & h wi%$ to suppress all doctr9al def9ition ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,to call dogma ei!r div9e 9 itself or evil 9 itself is to g to an unw>rantable extreme4 ,9 religi\s developm5t1 :e!r individual or social1 x has an organic place t _c be tak5 away f x1 & a practical importance t _c be conte/$4 ,religi\s fai? is a ph5om5on ( consci\sness4 ,god ,himself is its au?or & its cause2 b x has = psy*ological factors all ! elem5ts ( consci\sness--feel+1 volition1 idea4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ^! v]bal di/9ctions are pure ab/ractions2 t ^! elem5ts co-exi/1 & are envelop$ & implicat$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! unity ( ! ego4 ,9 ! liv+ reality !re has nev] exi/$ feel+ :i* did n c>ry )9 x "s embryo ( an idea & translate itself into "s volunt>y movem5t4444 ,z x is impossible = ?\ght n to manife/ itself organically by ge/ure or language1 s x is impossible = religion n to express itself 9 rites & doctr9es4 ,no d\bt1 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( physical life1 s5sation dom9ates1 & at ! debut ( religi\s life1 feel+ & imag9ation4 ,b z sci5ce spr+s f s5sation1 s religi\s doctr9e spr+s f piety4 ,to say t ,*ri/ianity is a life1 !re=e x is n a doctr9e is to reason v badly4 ,we %\ld r say1 ,*ri/ianity is a life & !re=e x eng5d]s doctr9e2 = man _c live 8 life )\t ?9k+ x4 ,! two ?+s are n ho/ile2 !y g toge!r4 ,9 apo/olic times ! greate/ ( mission>ies 0 ! greate/ ( !ologians4 ,/4 ,augu/9e at ! end ( ! old _w1 ,calv91 ,lu!r1 ,zw+le1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! mod]n _w1 foll[$ ! example ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,:5 ! sap ( piety fails1 !ology )]s4 ,prote/ant s*ola/icism corresponds to a decl9e ( religi\s life4 ,sp5c]1 by re-op5+ ! spr+s ( piety1 r5ew$ ! /reams ( !ology4 ,)\t ,pietism ,g]many w\ld h _h no ,s*lei]ma*]2 )\t ! religi\s revival at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury we %\ld h _h nei!r ,samuel ,v9c5t nor ,alex&] ,v9et4 ,if ! life ( a ,*ur* be comp>$ to t ( a plant1 doctr9e holds 9 x ! place ( ! se$4 ,l ! se$1 doctr9e is ! la/ to be =m$2 x cr[ns & closes ! annual cycle ( vegetation2 b x is necess>y t x %\ld =m & rip52 = x c>ries )9 x ! p[] ( life & ! g]m ( a new developm5t4 ,a ,*ur* )\t dogmas w\ld be a /]ile plant4 ,b let n ! p>tisans ( dogmatic immutability triumph3 let !m pursue ! comp>ison to ! end3 ,except a gra9 ( :eat fall into ! gr\nd & die1 said ,jesus1 x be>s no fruit4 ,to be fruitful1 dogma mu/ be decompos$--t is to say1 x mu/ mix itself unceas+ly ) ! evolution ( human ?\ght & die 9 x2 x is ! condition ( p]petual resurrection4 ,)\t be+ ei!r absolute1 or p]fect 9 itself1 !n1 dogma is absolutely necess>y to ! propagation & edification ( ! religi\s life4 ,! ,*ur* has a p$agogic mission t c\ld n be fulfill$ )\t x4 ,x be>s s\ls1 n\ri%es !m & br+s !m up4 ,its role is t ( a "m4 ,9 t educative mission1 we may add1 ! "m f9ds ! pr9ciple & aim ( h] au?ority1 ! reason & ! limit ( h] tutelage4 ,9 ?is s5se1 dogma is nev] )\t au?ority4 ,b ?is same p$agogic au?ority is nei!r absolute nor et]nal2 x has a d\ble limit1 9 ! nature ( ! pupil's s\l1 :i* x ought to respect1 & 9 ! end x w\ld atta91 ! mak+ ( free m51 adult ,*ri/ians1 sons ( ,god 9 ! image ( ,*ri/ & 9 imm$iate relation%ip to ! ,fa!r4 ,if dogma is ! h]itage ( ! pa/ transmitt$ by ! ,*ur*1 x is ! *ildr5's duty fir/ to receive x1 & !n to add to its value by cont9ually re=m+ x1 s9ce t is ! only way to keep x alive & to r5d] x truly useful & fruitful 9 ! moral developm5t ( humanity4 ,x is !re=e to ?is idea ( necess>y dogma1 b ( dogma necess>ily hi/orical & *ang+1 t we mu/ h5ce=? accu/om ourselves2 & we %all mo/ easily habituate ourselves to x by trac+ its evolution 9 ! pa/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,dogmas ,,& ,,_! ,,hi/orical ,,evolution #a4 ,?ree ,prejudices ,i "h enc\nt] ?ree prejudices :i* are1 ,i ?9k1 ! mo/ invet]ate 9 ! _w4 ,! fir/ is t dogmas are immutable2 ! second1 t !y die fatally ! mom5t !y are t\*$ by criticism2 ! ?ird1 t !y =m ! ess5ce ( religion1 :i* rises or falls ) !m4 ,i wi% to %[ t dogmas h nei!r ?is pret5d$ immobility nor ?is delicate fragility2 t !y live by an inn] life extraord9>ily resi/ant & fecund1 & t ! criticism ( dogmas1 s f> f injur+ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 frees x f ! *a9s ( ! pa/ & p]mits x to manife/ its m>vell\s gift ( rejuv5esc5ce & adaptation to circum/ances4 ,! pro( t dogmas are n immutable lies 9 ! fact t !y h a hi/ory4 ,t hi/ory is z full ( conflicts1 controv]sies1 revolutions1 z ! hi/ory ( philosophy4444 ,"o ,*ur* has said ( its dogmas :at a ,jesuit ,g5]al said ( 8 ,ord]3 s9t ut sunt aut non s9t6 ,x is an illusion4 ,mom5t>ily arre/$ at "o po9t1 ! movem5t beg9s aga9 at ano!r4 ,9 "o half ( ,*ri/5dom1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ liv+ half1 criticism ( dogma has nev] ceas$ s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ev5 9 ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 its mo/ skilful advocates1 ! ,moehl]s & ! ,newmans1 unable to d5y t ,ca?olicism is n to-day :at x 0 9 ! fir/ c5turies1 h made ?is /range concession to hi/ory2 !y h appli$ to dogmas ! !ory ( developm5t4 ,at ,p>is 9 #afhb ! dogma ( ! infallibility ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome w\ld h be5 condemn$ z an error4 ,s9ce #ahgj ! or?odoxy ( #afhb has become ! grave/ ( h]esies4 ,!re is no fiction m evid5t ?an t ( ! immutability ( dogmas1 :e!r 9 ! ,ca?olic or 9 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es4 ,l all o!r manife/ations ( life1 !y h an evolution z natural z x is inevitable4 ,! pro( t dogmas are n religion1 & t criticism does n kill !m b trans=ms !m1 w appe> 9 :at ,i n[ proce$ to say4 #b4 ,! ,two ,elem5ts 9 ,dogma2 & its ,hi/orical ,evolution ,dogma is ! language spok5 by fai?4 ,9 x !re are two elem5ts3 a my/ical & practical elem5t1 ! prop]ly religi\s elem5t2 ?is is ! liv+ & fruitful pr9ciple ( dogma3 !n !re is an intellectual or !oretical elem5t1 a judgm5t ( m9d1 a philosophical proposition s]v+ at once z an envelope & z an expression ( religion4 ,n[1 x is n an arbitr>y relation :i* unites & amalgamates ^! two elem5ts 9 dogma2 x is an organic & necess>y relation4 ,g back = a mom5t to ! orig9 ( religi\s ph5om5a1 & to ! =mation ( ! fir/ & simple/ doctr9al =mulas4 ,9 pres5ce ( "o ( ! great spectacles ( ,nature1 man1 feel+ 8 weakness & dep5d5ce ) respect to ! my/]i\s p[] reveal$ 9 x1 trembl$ ) fe> & hope4 ,?is is primitive religi\s emotion4 ,b ?is emotion necess>ily implies1 = ?\ght1 a relation betwe5 ! subject :i* exp]i5ces x & ! object t has caus$ x4 ,n[1 ?\ght1 once awak5$1 w necess>ily translate ?is relation into an intellectual judgm5t4 ,?us1 wi%+ to express ?is relation1 ! believ] w exclaim1 e4g4 ,god is great6 m>k+ ! inf9ite disproportion betwe5 8 be+ & ! univ]sal be+ :i* made him tremble4#a ,he obeys ! same necessity :i* makes him ord9>ily express 8 ?\ght 9 language4 ,religi\s emotion !n is trans=m$ 9 ! m9d into ! notion ( a relation1 i4e4 into an intellectual notion :i* becomes ! expressive image or repres5tation ( ! emotion4 ,b ! notion & ! emotion are ess5tially diff]5t 9 nature4 ,9 express+ x1 & ?anks to ! imag9ation1 ! notion may r5ew or =tify ! emotion1 & dogma may awak5 piety2 b ! two mu/ n be conf\nd$4 ,! notion is l an algebraic expression :i* ideally repres5ts a giv5 quantity1 b x is n ! quantity itself4 ,?is mu/ be cle>ly kept 9 m9d if we are to avoid ! mo/ disa/r\s confusions4 ,9 religion & 9 dogma ! intellectual elem5t is simply ! expression or envelope ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce4444 #a ,x might be suppos$ t ,i make ( ?is elem5t>y exp]i5ce ! prim>y root :5ce all dogmas1 includ+ ! ,*ri/ian1 h sprung by a process ( evolution4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,?is is b a p>ticul> example4 ,! revelation ( ,nature is ! pr9ciple ( ! dogmas ( ! ,religions ( ,nature4 ,*ri/ianity has beh9d x ano!r revelation & o!r exp]i5ces3 ! revelation ( ,god & ( a high] life1 9 ! hi/orical appe>ance ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,let a man morally prep>$ to he> ! ,gospel beg9 to foll[ ,him1 li/5 to ,8 words1 p5etrate ,8 s\l1 compreh5d ,8 dea?1 & he w cry out3 ,god is ,love6 z ! spectator ( ,nature 0 suppos$ to exclaim3 ,god is great6 ,& ?is new proposition1 translat+ a new religi\s relation1 w1 9 its turn1 become ! pr9ciple ( all ,*ri/ian dogmas4 ,! intellectual w !re=e be ! v>iable elem5t 9 dogma4 ,x is ! matt] unit$ to ! g]m1 & x is ceaselessly trans=m$ by ! v effect ( ! movem5t ( life4 ,! reason ( ?is is simple4 ,we said j n[ t a religi\s emotion1 l e o!r1 translates itself into a notion :i* fixes ! relation ( ! subject to ! object1 impli$ 9 ! emotion itself4 ,b :at w ?is notion be8 ,) :at mat]ials1 ) :at concepts1 w ! religi\s man con/ruct x8 ,cle>ly ) ^? at 8 disposal4 ,8 religi\s =mula w dep5d on 8 /ate ( intellectual culture4 ,a *ild1 he w ?9k & speak religi\sly z a *ild4 ,religi\s reason & language h foll[$ ! same /eps z ! g5]al reason4444 ,i am well aw>e t _m ,*ri/ians imag9e t ,god has reveal$ to u dogmas 9 ! ,bible1 & t !y w accuse me ( d5y+ revelation4 ,god =bid6 ,we believe ) all our s\l 9 ,div9e ,revelation & 9 its p>ticul> action 9 ! s\ls ( prophets & apo/les1 & especially 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,only1 ! "q is :e!r ! revelation ( ,god has consi/$ ( doctr9es & dogmatic =mulas4 ,no4 ,god does no?+ ne$less1 & s9ce ^! doctr9es & =mulas c be & h be5 conceiv$ by human intellig5ce1 ,he has left to x ! c>e ( elaborat+ !m4 ,god1 ent]+ into comm]ce & contact ) a human s\l1 has produc$ 9 him a c]ta9 religi\s exp]i5ce :5ce1 aft]w>ds1 by reflection1 ! dogma has sprung4 ,t !re=e :i* con/itutes revelation1 t :i* ought to be ! norm ( our life1 is ! creative & fruitful religi\s exp]i5ce :i* fir/ arose 9 ! s\ls ( ! prophets1 ( ,*ri/1 & ( ,8 apo/les4 ,we may be tranquil4 ,s long z ?is exp]i5ce %all be r5ew$ 9 ,*ri/ian s\ls1 ,*ri/ian dogmas may be modifi$1 b !y w nev] die4 ,b :y %\ld we reta9 dogmas :i*1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 mu/ always be imp]fect8 ,:y n h religion pure & simple )\t dogmas8 ,:at w\ld happ5 if we li/5$ to ?is cry = pure unmix$ religion8 ,by suppress+ ,*ri/ian dogma y w\ld suppress ,*ri/ianity2 by disc>d+ all religi\s doctr9e y w\ld de/roy religion4 ,h[ _m great & et]nal ?+s !re are :i* nev] exi/1 = u1 9 a pure & isolat$ /ate6 ,all ! =ces ( ,nature are 9 ?is case4 ,?\ght1 9 ord] to exi/1 mu/ inc>nate itself 9 language4 ,words _c be id5tifi$ ) ?\ght1 b !y are necess>y to x4 ,! h]o 9 ! romance1 :o 0 said to be unable to ?9k )\t speak+ 0 n s ridicul\s z 0 once suppos$1 = t h]o is ev]ybody4 ,! s\l only reveals itself to u by ! body to :i* x is unit$4 ,:o has ev] se5 life ap>t f liv+ matt]8 ,x is ! same ) ! religi\s life & ! doctr9es & rites 9 :i* x manife/s itself4 ,a religi\s life :i* did n express itself w\ld nei!r "k itself nor communicate itself4 ,x is !re=e p]fectly irrational to talk ( a religion )\t dogma & )\t wor%ip4 ,or?odoxy is a ?\s& times "r z aga9/ rationalism or my/icism1 :5 x proclaims ! necessity = a ,*ur* ( =mulat+ its fai? into a doctr9e1 )\t :i* religi\s consci\snesses rema9 confus$ & undisc]nible4 ,! mi/ake t or?odoxy sometimes makes is 9 d5y+ or desir+ to arre/ ! con/ant metamorphosis to :i* dogma1 l all liv+ ?+s1 is subject4 ,s long z !y are alive1 dogmas h ! faculty ( *ang+ & evolv+4 ,h[ is _! evolution effect$8 ,! analogy betwe5 dogma & language w help u to ! answ]4 ,a language is modifi$ 9 ?ree ways3 7#a7 ,by disuse1 i4e4 by ! disappe>ance ( words ^: cont5ts h vani%$2 7#b7 by intussusception1 i4e4 by ! faculty :i* words h1 )\t *ang+ _! =m1 ( acquir+ new significations2 7#c7 by ! r5aissance ( old or ! creation ( new words1 i4e4 by neologisms4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to e/abli% ^! ?ree k9ds ( v>iations 9 ! hi/ory ( dogmas4 ,"s religi\s =mulas p]i% f disuse2 o!rs acquire a new cont5t2 :ile /ill o!rs are !mselves r5ew$4 ,_m doctr9es t 7 once alive & preval5t are seldom he>d ( n[2 !y gradually pass$ out ( use4 ,!re is h>dly a dogma dat+ f ! sev5te5? or ! sixte5? c5tury t has n[ ! same signification t x _h at ! beg9n+4 ,! new w9e t has be5 put into !m has modifi$ ! old sk9s4 ,!re are limits1 h[ev]1 to ! ela/icity ( words & =mulas4 ,!re comes a mom5t :5 ! new w9e bur/s ! old sk9s1 & :5 ! ,*ur* has to con/ruct o!r vessels to receive x4 ,9 ?is way neologisms spr+ up 9 languages1 & new dogmas 9 !ology4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! dogmas ( ,ju/ification by ,fai? & ( ! univ]sal prie/hood 7 resuscitat$ ) a new en]gy4 ,! v]ses ( ,horace1 on :i* ,i might appe> to h be5 comm5t+1 are et]nally true3 ,ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur 9 annos1 99 99 99 99 99 ,multa r5asc5tur quae jam cecid]e cad5tque ,quae nunc sunt 9 honore1 vocabula444 99 99 99 99 99 ,! evolution ( dogma is possible2 :y is x necess>y8 ,simply because ! mat]ial ( :i* x is compos$ is 9 a /ate ( con/ant flux & evolution4444 ,we d n mean to say t ev]y?+ 9 ! old =mulas %\ld be condemn$4 ,!re are to be f\nd 9 !m _m great & excell5t ideas :i* /ill reta9 _! tru? & p[]4 ,we simply say t !re is no?+ absolute 9 !m1 no?+ t may be impos$ by au?ority on ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,x is always ) notions borr[$ f curr5t sci5ce & philosophy t ! ,*ur* con/ructs h] dogmas4 ,b sci5ce & philosophy are cont9ually evolv+ & c>ry+ dogma 9 _! tra94 ,ev]y?+ *anges1 ev5 our mann] ( ?9k+4 ,:y d c]ta9 ?+s appe> absurd or grotesque 9 ! imag9ations ( ! pa/8 ,because we h lo/ ! faculty = compreh5d+ !m4 ,x is z impossible = u to ?9k 9 ,greek z to speak 9 ,greek4 ,s9ce ! end ( ! ,middle ,ages two or ?ree intellectual revolutions h occurr$ :i* h pr(\ndly sep>at$ u f antiquity & *ang$ ! inn] & ! out] _w 9 :i* we live4 ,x w suffice to recall !m 9 a few words 9 ord] to deep5 our s5se ( ! decad5ce ( ,graeco-,roman dogmatic ,*ri/ianity1 & ( ! necessity incumb5t ^u u to re=m & r5ovate x1 if only we are /rong en\gh to answ] to ! call ( ,god4 #c4 ,! ,crisis ( ,dogma ,! fir/ ( ^! revolutions 0 a religi\s "o4 ,our specific consci\sness z ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians dates f ! ,re=mation4 ,n[1 ! ,evangelical ,re=mation ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ! rupture ( ! tradition ( ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* ! ,dogmatics ( ! great ,c\ncils 0 ! framework & ! c5tre4 ,9 break+ ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,re=m]s broke up ! basis on :i* ^? anci5t dogmas _h be5 built4 ,9 appeal+ to ! ,^w ( ,god aga9/ traditional doctr9es1 !y at lea/ call$ 9 "q ! ,dogmatics ( ! ,c\ncils4 ,aft] prote/+ aga9/ all ! infiltrations ( pagan mann]s & sup]/itions into ! morals ( ! ,*ur*1 into its organisation & its hi]>*y into its wor%ip & its rites1 :y %\ld !y reg>d z sacrosanct ! anci5t philosophy :i* _h ent]$ into ! con/ruction ( its dogmas8 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,re=mation r5ew$ ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness by its fundam5tal doctr9e ( ,ju/ification by ,fai?4 ,until !n salvation _h come ?r\gh adhesion to ! ,symbols ( ! ,*ur* & ob$i5ce to its comm&s4 ,ju/ification by ,fai? 7& fai? "h means ! tru/ ( ! he>t7 fre$ ! ,*ri/ian f ! tutelage ( ! prie/hood & ! bondage ( ,symbols4 ,to ma9ta9 t y c only be sav$ by believ+ c]ta9 !ological doctr9es1 is ! same z to say t y c only be sav$ by do+ c]ta9 works2 x is to add to or to sub/itute = fai? "s o!r condition ( salvation4 ,! second pr9ciple ( ! ,re=mation !re=e also %ook ! anci5t edifice2 9 ,dogmatics x sub/itut$ ! int]nal pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce = ! ext]nal pr9ciple ( au?ority2 x made ( ,*ri/ianity a moral life & no long] a metaphysic4 ,is x n "r & necess>y to give ! new pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation a new !ological expression8 ,?is process has be5 go+ on ev] s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury & c nev] cease4 ,! ,re=mation displac$ ! c5tre ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,at ! same "t !re began a sci5tific revolution :i* displac$ ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,i speak ( t :i* is connect$ ) ! names ( ,cop]nicus & ,kepl]1 & :i* 0 cont9u$ by su* m5 z ,galileo1 ,newton1 & ,laplace4 ,mod]n a/ronomy1 geology1 biology1 etc41 h completely *ang$ ! outl9es & ! horizon ( our philosophy1 & r5d]$ = ev] impossible ! popul> cosmogonies :i*1 until !n1 _h reign$ supreme4 ,& :o does n see ! be>+ ( ?is revolution on our views ( ,scripture1 on its cosmography 9 p>ticul>1 & on _m ( its m9or tea*+s8 ,! traditional doctr9es ( creation h be5 greatly modifi$1 z also ! doctr9es z to ! orig9 ( evil1 suff]+1 & dea?4 ,^! discov]ies1 x is said1 h ru9$ religion1 & are de/roy+ ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,n s4 ,:at is be+ de/roy$ is ! debris ( an anci5t philosophy4 ,b !y d compel u1 absolutely1 if we w\ld rema9 9 t\* ) ! ?\ght ( our age1 to modify ! =mulas by :i* ! ,*ur* has hi!rto believ$ t %e might r5d] an acc\nt ( ! orig9 & evolution ( ! univ]se4 ,a ?ird intellectual evolution has be5 effect$ 9 our own "t by ! adv5t ( ! ,hi/orical ,me?od4 ,?is has completely upset ! traditional view ( ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,floods ( new light h be5 p\r$ ^u ! prehi/oric & hi/oric races ( man4 ,mod]n criticism & exegesis h giv5 u an entirely new view ( ! orig9 & cont5ts ( _m p>ts ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,9 e dep>tm5t ( k ! hi/oric me?od has made ! po9t ( view ( evolution possible & victori\s4 ,x is 9 va9 to oppose x1 = x is ! law ( life4 ,^? :o cl+ to ! doctr9e ( dogmatic immutability1 :e!r 9 ! ,ca?olic or ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 are exactly 9 ! position ( ! ,romi% c>d9als :o cov]$ ,galileo ) ana!mas & prote/$ en]getically aga9/ ! rotation ( ! e>?4 ,nei!r _! prote/s nor _! ana!mas prev5t$ ! e>? f turn+ r\nd1 & ! c>d9als along ) x4 ,9 ,prote/antism1 a resi/ance s bl9d w\ld be ! grosse/ ( inconsi/5cies4 ,dogmatic revision is always alive1 bo? 9 pr9ciple & 9 fact1 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,re=mation3 9 pr9ciple1 because all ,confessions ( ,fai? are relative1 & subord9ate to ! ,^w ( ,god2 9 fact1 because ! _s ( rese>*1 ( criticism1 & free discussion has nev] ceas$ to brea! 9 ,prote/ant ,!ology1 & brea!s to-day m ard5tly ?an ev]4 ,! "w w !re=e be complet$2 ,i am sure ( x4 ,we may lack ! fai? & c\rage to c>ry x on1 b1 fail+ u1 ,god w n fail to raise up o!r fell[-work]s ) ,himself 9 ?is great ent]prise4 ,*ri/ianity _c p]i%2 x has nev] fail$ to adapt itself to ! /ate ( m9d ( ages pa/2 9 ! future1 x w f9d & make new =ms 9 :i* to express & propagate itself1 =ms adapt$ to ! com+ times4444 ,"o day1 ! monk ,s>apion1 a man ( deep piety & ard5t zeal1 0 told by ! prie/ ,paphnutius & ! deacon ,phot9us t ,god1 9 ^: image man _h be5 creat$1 0 a purely spiritual be+1 )\t body1 )\t ext]nal figure1 )\t s5sible organs4 ,s]apion 0 conv9c$ by ! asc5dancy ( ,ca?olic tradition & by ! argum5ts t _h be5 employ$4 ,! assi/ants rose to r5d] ?anks to ,god = hav+ rescu$ s holy a man f ! wick$ h]esy ( ! an?ropomorphi/s4 ,b1 9 ! mid/ ( _! devotions1 ! unhappy old man1 feel+ ! image ( ! ,god to :om he _h be5 accu/om$ to pray vani%+ f 8 he>t1 0 deeply mov$1 & bur/+ into sobs & te>s1 he ?rew himself ^u ! gr\nd1 & cri$ out3 ',woe is me6 ,unhappy man6 ,!y h tak5 away my ,god4 ,i h no "o n[ to cl+ to & invoke4'#b #b ,j4 ,cassanius1 abb4 ,massil43 ,collatio1 ,x4 c4 ,,iii4 ,t\*+ image ( our own exp]i5ce & ( ! exp]i5ce ( humanity6 ,we are always mak+ to ourselves "s idol or o!r4 ,x is v difficult = u to realise t ,god is _s3 we atta* ourselves !re=e to "s feti% ( human fabrication4 ,& !n1 :5 sci5ce comes & takes x away f u1 we are tr\bl$ & p]plex$1 z if !y _h tak5 f u ,god ,himself4 ,! /udy ( dogmas & _! evolution1 7 x wid] spread1 w\ld relieve u ( our illusions & calm our inquietude4 ,x w\ld tea* u t our religi\s life dep5ds on our fai? alone1 & t ! ,god ,:o is its s\rce & end is indep5d5t ( all !ory or repres5tation1 because ,he is inf9itely above all human conceptions1 & because1 9 ord] nev] to be sep>at$ f ,him1 x suffices t we wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,dogmas #a4 ,! ,mix$ ,"* ( ,dogmatics ,we h %[n ! necessity ( a free criticism ( dogmas4 ,?is criticism1 if x is religi\s1 w at ! same "t be positive2 x w t5d n to de/roy1 b to di/+ui%1 9 ea* dogma1 t :i* is truly religi\s & p]man5t f t :i* is philosophical & fleet+4 ,su* is ! object ( ! discipl9e t1 9 ! s*ools1 is call$ ,dogmatics1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas4 ,x rema9s to def9e its task & to po9t out ! res\rces :i* x has at its disposal4 ,bo? po9ts are connect$ ) its relation to ! ,*ur* & to ,philosophy4 ,! sci5ce ( dogmas has always necess>ily foll[$ ! life ( ! "o & ! vicissitudes ( ! o!r4 ,9 ! religi\s exp]i5ces ( ! ,*ur* x f9ds ! mat]ial t x elaborates2 f philosophy x borr[s ! me?ods accord+ to :i* x treats ?is mat]ial & ! =m 9 :i* x organises x4 ,?is sci5ce is1 !re=e1 a mix$ sci5ce3 positive & practical 9 its object1 speculative & !oretical 9 its proc$ure1 x seeks to connect ! religi\s & moral exp]i5ce ) ! re/ ( ! exp]i5ce ( humanity1 & to effect ! syn!sis claim$1 9 ord] to _! full vig\r1 by ! sci5tific ord] ( ?\ght & by ! moral ord] ( practical life4 ,?is int]m$iate position ( our sci5ce1 betwe5 ! ,*ur* & philosophy1 con/itutes its indep5d5ce & its orig9ality4 ,if1 z 9 ,ca?olicism1 x 7 absolutely subject$ to ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 & 7 limit$ to receiv+1 )\t critical exam9ation1 its successive decisions & traditions1 x w\ld be conf\nd$ ) ! hi/ory ( dogmas1 & w\ld be m]ely a survival ( s*ola/icism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x did n />t f ! data furni%$ by hi/ory & by ! p]sonal & collective exp]i5ce ( piety1--if x did n /udy ! ,*ri/ian life 9 its objectivity & 9 its hi/oric cont9uity1 b ab&on$ itself to purely subjective & g5]al speculations--x w\ld be fatally conf\nd$ ) philosophy4 ,x escapes ?is d\ble p]il1 fir/1 by tak+ z its object ! /udy ( ! doctr9al tradition ( ! ,*ur*1 trac+ x back to its g5]ative pr9ciple1 foll[+ x 9 its successive =ms & necess>y evolution2 &1 secondly1 by freely apply+ to ?is objective mat]ial ! pr9ciples & rules ( a truly rational me?od1 a me?od t may be av[$ z su* by philosoph]s4 ,x ?us con/itutes ! philosophy ( religion 9 g5]al & ( ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul>1 sett+ itself to connect ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ur* ) ! g5]al consci\sness ( humanity1 & e/abli%+ or ma9ta9+ betwe5 !m communications equally pr(itable to bo?4 ,x foll[s t our discipl9e1 9 /udy+ ! tradition ( ! ,*ur*1 is indep5d5t ( philosophy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fact t x borr[s its me?ods & processes f philosophy1 r5d]s x indep5d5t ) reg>d to ! ,*ur*4 ,its fre$om spr+s f its tw(old subjection4 ,su* a little pr9cipality1 plac$ betwe5 two great rival ,p[]s )\t ^: help x c\ld n live1 ma9ta9s its indep5d5ce ( !m bo? by virtue ( _! v rivalry1 & may become an arbit]1 an elem5t ( pacification & good und]/&+1 betwe5 =ces :i* are only ho/ile because !y ei!r d n "k or d n und]/& ea* o!r4 ,?us ! sci5ce ( dogmas w be free1 pacific1 fruitful1 on condition t x does n break its connection on ei!r h&1 b rema9s 9 close communication ) ! two s\rces ( its life1 )\t :i* x w\ld be liable ei!r to die ( inanition = want ( food1 or ( impot5ce = lack ( lib]ty4 #b4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas & ! ,*ur* ,a religi\s society _c disp5se ei!r ) doctr9es or doctr9al tea*+4 ,! m moral x is 9 its "*1 ! m x ne$s a dogmatic symbol :i* def9es x & expla9s its raison d'etre4 ,x w h its tea*]s z well z its pa/ors & mission>ies4 ,! apo/le ,paul comp>es ! ,*ur* to an organism 9 :i* ea* memb] has its necess>y function1 accord+ to ! special gift x has receiv$4 ,god1 says he1 gave "s1 apo/les2 "s1 prophets2 "s1 tea*]s 7#a ,cor4 xii4 #bh2 ,rom4 xii4 #f-h4 ,tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 #ac & #ae74 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh diff]5t lips ! ,gospel takes diff]5t =ms4 ,x creates div]s types ( doctr9e1 div]s s*ools or p>ties 7#a ,cor4 i4 #aj-ad74 ,x is necess>y to in/ruct ! ignorant1 to refute h]etics1 to heal s*isms1 to adm9i/] repro(s1 to correct ! int]pretation ( texts4 ,?is c\ld only be done by means ( discussion1 reason+1 exegesis1 speculation4 ,x 0 n an ef=t ( pure sci5ce1 b ( practical sci5ce1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,*ur* itself1 ) a view to its inn] edification & to ! cont9u\s re=m ( its wor%ip & its fai?4 ,! lab\r ( dogmatics ?us sprang up spontane\sly 9 ! bosom ( ! ,*ur* itself1 & x has cont9u$ its "w1 n f )\t1 b f )91 ?r\gh an (fice :i* is an ess5tial m9i/ry1 an organ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x c\ld n be done well 9 any o!r way4444 ,a religi\s society1 by ! v fact t x endures1 creates a doctr9al tradition1 & ?is tradition soon assumes a div9e "* & t5ds to become an absolute au?ority4 ,?is is ! effect ( a psy*ological illusion *>act]i/ic ( ! religi\s consci\sness s long z reflection does n put x on its gu>d aga9/ itself4 ,! object ( our fai? be+ div9e1 we +5u\sly transport ?is quality into ! =mula by :i* x has be5 transmitt$ to u1 & we hold ?is =mula to be div9e be=e we h le>nt to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ess5ce ( fai? & its hi/orical manife/ations1 betwe5 ! religi\s sub/ance ( ! doctr9e & its traditional expression4 ,add to ! pre/ige ( ! pa/ ! necessity ( educat+ ! new g5]ations4 ,e ,*ri/ian beg9s z a cate*um51 &1 9 c]ta9 respects1 he is & ought to be a le>n] all 8 life1 = he _c fail to see t ! collective consci\sness is always ri*] & m /able ?an 8 own4 ,b1 if ! aim ( ,*ri/ian education is to produce adult ,*ri/ians--t is1 ,*ri/ians :o1 hav+ receiv$ ! ,holy ,_s1 h ent]$ into a direct & p]man5t relation to ! common ,fa!r1 & into p]sonal & liv+ piety1 !y possess an inw>d rule ( conduct1 & along ) ?is a pr9ciple ( free judgm5t4 ,z ,/4 ,paul says1 our tutelage ends :5 we h atta9$ to our majority4 ,! spiritual man judges all1 b is judg$ ( none4 ,he becomes indep5d5t ( ! au?ority "u :i* he has gr[n up1 z ! full-gr[n man becomes free f ! "m :o has borne & n\ri%$ him4 ,he w1 d\btless1 always gratefully welcome ! tradition ( ! pa/2 b he feels )9 himself a high] pr9ciple :i* gives him ! "r to am5d & ! p[] to increase1 9 "s degree1 ! inh]itance he has receiv$ f 8 fa!rs4 ,no "o is ei!r a man or a ,*ri/ian on any o!r condition4 ,! solution ( ! problem nam$ above is to be f\nd 9 ^! consid]ations4 ,a tradition :i* desires to be absolute1 :i* misund]/&s & /ifles individual inspiration1 is n only an usurp]--x also fails 9 its mission1 :i* is to make adult ,*ri/ians1 ,*ri/ians :o are inw>dly inspir$ & autonom\s4 ,x is l ^? tyrannical mo!rs :o1 if !y c\ld1 w\ld keep _! sons 9 a p]petual m9ority4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *ildr51 ev5 :5 !y h atta9$ _! majority1 %\ld n despise _! p>5ts & disda9 ! c\nsels ( exp]i5ce & ( age4 ,individual inspiration is apt to lead to self-suffici5cy & sect>ianism2 x loses sight ( ! l9k ( solid>ity :i* unites ! g5]ations1 & ! social cont9uity 9 :i* alone progress is made 9 ! religi\s life1 z 9 ! life ( civilisation4 ,! fir/ defect1 ! tyrannical usurpation ( tradition1 pr$om9ates 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ! opposite defect1 t ( ! intransigeance ( individual convictions & ( ,illum9ism1 is ! plague ( ,prote/ant communities4 ,! tru? w\ld be f\nd 9 a middle c\rse1 & 9 ! organisation ( a traditional ,*ur* /able en\gh to receive & keep ! h]itage ( ! pa/1 l>ge & flexible en\gh to p]mit 9 x ! legitimate expansion ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness & ! acquisition ( new treasure4 ,to ?is ideal1 ,ca?olicism _c resign itself )\t succumb+ to dea?4 ,prote/antism aspires to x )\t rea*+ x2 & yet no?+ is m really 9 ! logic ( its pr9ciple4 ,no ,prote/ant ,*ur* pr(esses to be infallible4 ,its mo/ solemn ,confessions ( ,fai? h only a provisional value4 ,! _s ( re=m brea!s 9 x )\t truce1 cont9ually4 ,! pr9cipal task ( ! community1 z ( ! individual1 is to am5d itself1 to advance 9 k & 9 virtue4 ,a ,*ur* :i* %\ld exclude ?is _s ( re=m w\ld cease to be a ,prote/ant ,*ur*4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ! duty ( re=m implies ! legitimacy ( criticism1 ( an appeal to ! ,gospel bett] und]/ood1 ( a con/ant ef=t to br+ ! real up to ! ideal4 ,! only matt] ( importance is to decide aright on ! pr9ciple or crit]ion accord+ to :i* ?is criticism %all be made4 ,%all x be ano!r dogma8 ,no2 n ev5 if x be call$ a fundam5tal "o su* z ! au?ority ( ,scripture4 ,= ?is v dogma1 =mulat$ by tradition1 is !re=e human & cont+5t1 & is op5 to criticism l all ! re/4 ,) :at !n1 or 9 ! "n ( :at1 %all dogma be criticis$8 ,%all we1 ) ,rationalism1 take a moral or philosophical axiom z ! crit]ion8 ,we %\ld !n violate ! autonomy ( ! religi\s consci\sness2 we %\ld d5aturalise religion itself1 by subject+ x to an ext]nal rule2 & ,dogmatics1 bas+ its fabric on an ali5 pr9ciple1 w\ld produce a hybrid /ructure t w\ld be reject$ by believ]s & philosoph]s ) equal disda94 ,! pr9ciple ( criticism ( ,*ri/ian dogmas c only be ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 :i* is ant]ior to all dogmas1 & :i* x is ! aim ( dogmas to manife/ & to apply4 ,n[ ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity is n a !oretical doctr9e3 x is a religi\s exp]i5ce--! exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ & ,8 disciples ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,x is ! ,gospel ( salvation by ! fai? ( ! he>t1 ! revelation ( a moral relation1 ( a new relation1 ( a filial relation1 creat$ & realis$ betwe5 ! man :o is s9ful & lo/1 & ! ,fa!r :o calls & p>dons him4 ,su* is ! initial g]m f :i* ! :ole ,*ri/ian developm5t has sprung1 & by :i* consequ5tly t developm5t %\ld & c be judg$4 ,?is g5]ative pr9ciple ( ! life & ( all ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur* be+ laid d[n1 & ! di/9ction e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ideal pr9ciple & its successive realisations1 all ( !m necess>ily incomplete1 ! criticism ( dogmas w be effect$ automatically1 )\t viol5ce1 & ) fruit4 ,x w be en\gh to tell ! /ory ( ! g5esis & evolution ( ea* ( !m4 ,x w !n be se5 :at cont+5t & p]i%+ elem5ts h ent]$ into x 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,*ri/ianity is an organism ^: s\l is immortal1 b ^: body is r5ew$ unceas+ly by ! fact t its mat]ials are 9 con/ant movem5t1 & t !y are ga!r$ f ! v>i\s environm5ts ?r\gh :i* x has to pass4 ,! philosophical notions :i* h s]v$ x z a tempor>y expression1 & :i* are d\bly dead to-day1 ei!r because civilisation has advanc$1 or because !y 7 )\t vital connection ) ! initial ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 fall f ! tree l )]$ leaves or lifeless bran*es4 ,z to ! o!rs1 9 :i* ! sap /ill rises f ! "m root1 !y w be se5 to be trans=m$1 to gr[ & fl[] f ye> to ye> "u ! same salubri\s brea? ( criticism4 ,our discipl9e1 religi\sly fai?ful to ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian piety1 may (t5 f9d itself 9 conflict ) ! adm9i/rative p[]s ( ! ,*ur*1 b nev] really ) ! ,*ur* itself4 #c4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,dogmas & ,philosophy ,if less burn+1 ! problem ( ! relations ( dogmatics to philosophy is p]haps m difficult to solve ?an ! problem j discuss$4 ,x has giv5 rise to q z _m controv]sies4 ,! dang] is tw(old4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re is ! pret5sion ( s*ola/icism1 ! attempt to absorb philosophy 9 !ology & make x subs]vi5t4 ,x is /ill ! pret5sion ( a c]ta9 simple ,prote/ant or?odoxy1 = :i* !re is no philosophy outside ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,at ! o!r extreme is ! attempt ( rationalism to include ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 g5]al e?ics & philosophy4 ,9 ! fir/ case x is dogmatics :i* absorbs philosophy2 9 ! second x is philosophy :i* absorbs dogmatics4 ,b1 9 bo? cases1 ! specifically religi\s ph5om5a are lo/ sight (1 ! orig9al "* ( ,*ri/ian piety is misconceiv$1 & !ology1 no long] hav+ any special doma91 succumbs & vani%es4 ,x is ! m]it ( ! ,re=mation ( ,lu!r1 9 ! sixte5?1 & ( ! ?\ght ( ,s*lei]ma*] & ,v9et 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 to h br\ght out & r5d]$ manife/1 among all o!r psy*ological ph5om5a1 ! "* sui g5]is ( ,*ri/ian fai? & life1 & ?us to h assign$ to !ology an object ( /udy1 em95t no d\bt1 b v special & v circumscrib$4 ,a task 0 ?us m>k$ out = !ology widely diff]5t f t ( philosophy--a task :i* consi/s1 n 9 expla9+ ev]y?+ 9 heav5 & e>?1 b1 m mode/ly & usefully1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,sav$ at once f s*ola/icism & rationalism1 dogmatic !ology may !re=e build itself up 9 its own doma9 by ! side ( ! o!r sci5ces )\t m5ac+ or fe>+ any ( !m4 ,its relations to philosophy w become cle> if we call to m9d a v simple di/9ction4 ,philosophy to-day comprises two p>ts v diff]5t 9 nature3 a /udy ( ! ?9k+ subject1 or1 z x is sometimes call$1 a critique ( reason1 or a !ory ( k2 9 ! second place1 a doctr9e on ! ess5ce & ! necess>y relations ( be+s1 a metaphysic1 or a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,x is easy to see t all ! positive sci5ces are diff]5tly relat$ to ^! two p>ts ( philosophy4 ,none ( !m1 = in/ance1 c disp5se ) ! fir/1 ) ! criticism ( our faculty ( kn[+ & ( our means ( reason+1 "u p5alty ( mi/ak+ ! wor? ( its own hypo!ses1 & ev5 ! regul>ity ( its processes4 ,x is cle> t a physici/ _c disp5se ) correct syllogisms or ) vigilance aga9/ illusions ( ! s5ses & o!r errors ( me?od4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 no savant w\ld accept ! yoke ( any metaphysic :atev] :i* %\ld come to him a priori to dictate to him its conclusions4 ,^u indications ( ?is nature he desires to =m hypo!ses & make new exp]im5ts2 b1 z a savant1 he w nev] pron\nce be=e t supreme & decisive consultation ( facts4 ,x is exactly ! same ) ! relations ( dogmatics to philosophy4 ,x w h rec\rse to x = all t reg>ds ! !ory ( k 9 g5]al & ! !ory ( religi\s k 9 p>ticul>4 ,l e o!r sci5ce x ne$s to asc]ta9 ! scope ( its in/rum5t 9 ord] t x may be "u no illusion z to ! wor? ( ! "w x accompli%es4 ,b also1 l e o!r sci5ce1 x has ! "r & ! duty to *all5ge & neglect all g5]al metaphysic :i*1 fl[+ f ano!r pr9ciple ?an t ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 w\ld dictate to x articles ( fai? or rules ( morality4 ,let x n be said t e !ory ( k soon begets a metaphysic 9 its own image4 ,we "k !ories :i* d5y ! v possibility ( metaphysics1 & x is a "q :e!r a truly ,*ri/ian dogmatic accommodates itself to x bett] ?an any o!r !ory4 ,x may be ma9ta9$ 9 fact t ! act ( fai? :i* is ! expression ( ! cons]vat+ en]gy ( ! ego & ! pr9ciple ( all religion is accompli%$ all ! m freely :5 !re is no k1 prop]ly speak+1 !re to h9d] x4 ,a common prejudice requires t we %\ld h metaphysics z a support to religion4 ,x is on religion1 on ! contr>y1 t metaphysics & e?ics re/4 ,man did n become religi\s :5 he he>d t !re 7 gods2 he only _h ! idea ( ,god & believ$ 9 ,him because he 0 religi\s4 ,my/]y 0 ! natural cradle ( piety4 ,fai? is mu* less an acquisition ( k ?an a means ( salvation & a s\rce ( /r5g? & life4 ,x is "o ?+ to speculate on ! univ]sal problem2 x is ano!r to place "o's self by ! he>t 9 a liv+ relation ( tru/1 ( fe>1 or ( love to ! my/]i\s ,be+ on :om all o!r be+s dep5d4 ,religion may possibly be "u ! necessity ( end+ 9 a metaphysic1 b a metaphysic does n necess>ily end 9 religion1 = !re are "s k9ds ( metaphysic :i* ei!r exclude religion or r5d] x impossible4 ,a !ory ( religion1 dogmatics c h no o!r />t+ po9t ?an religi\s ph5om5a !mselves4 ,f ?is concrete & exp]im5tal pr9ciple1 f ?is /ate ( s\l produc$ by ! imm$iate feel+ ( a necess>y relation to ,god1 ! entire sy/em %\ld spr+ & develop4 ,:at is n 9 religi\s exp]i5ce %\ld f9d no place 9 religi\s sci5ce1 & %\ld be bani%$ f x4 ,x w\ld only be to its detrim5t1 !n1 t ! sci5ce ( dogmas %\ld ?r[ away its lib]ty by esp\s+ be=eh& metaphysical !ses or ! f9al conclusions ( any philosophy :atsoev]4 ,^! !ses1 spr++ f ano!r s\rce ?an religion1 h no "r1 9 t religion1 to become articles ( fai?4 ,rational tru?s n born ( religi\s feel+ w\ld be 9 dogmatics s _m dead weights & het]og5e\s elem5ts1 :i* w\ld lead to ! greate/ incoh]5ce4 ,to build up a pr(ess$ly reveal$ !ology on a pr(ess$ly natural "o is to con/ruct a sy/em )\t ei!r unity or pr(\nd connection4 ,su* a dualism ( pr9ciples is z intol]able to sci5ce z to piety4 ,in/ead ( dogmatics subord9at+ itself to metaphysics1 metaphysics ought to include dogmatics z well z ! results ( all ! o!r sci5ces4 ,x is altoge!r diff]5t ) ! criticism ( our means ( kn[+4 ,9 e ord] ( sci5ce x is m]e levity ( m9d to comm5ce or to conclude rese>*es a little g5]al )\t hav+ fir/ det]m9$ ! precise conditions ( real k4 ,! abs5ce ( a philosophical critique ( ?is nature expla9s :y savants1 s rigor\s 9 _! special /udies1 %[ a philosophical naivety s great 9 ! conclusions t !y draw f !m1 & s readily cr[n _! discov]ies by a pseudo-metaphysic t !y impose ^u ! multitude ) all ! au?ority & pre/ige ( sci5ce4 ,m ?an any o!rs1 !ologians are guilty ( ?is abuse :5 !y wi% to make _! sci5ce ! sum ( univ]sal k4 ,!y w\ld be m s\ndly religi\s 7 !y m mode/ & m res]v$4 ,an excell5t means ( putt+ ourselves on our gu>d aga9/ ?is illusion & its deplorable consequ5ces w be to in/itute1 )\t fur!r delay1 a rigor\s criticism ( religi\s k4 ,?is task1 ,i believe1 has nev] be5 s]i\sly attempt$ 9 ,france4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 z indisp5sable to ! "r conduct ( ! m9d z x is fitt$ radically to cure u ( our dogmatic pride & to inspire u ) tol]ance & humility4 ,?is w be ! object ( ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,critical ,,!ory ,,( ,,religi\s ,,k ,he :o says consci\sness says sci5ce1 or at lea/1 ! beg9n+ ( sci5ce4 ,consci\sness implies a repres5tation4 ,9 o!r words1 no modification ( ! ego becomes consci\s except by awak5+ 9 ! m9d a repres5tative image ( ! object t has produc$ x & ( ! relation ( t object to ! ego4 ,all our s5sations & all our feel+s are accompani$ by images4 ,! religi\s s5tim5t does n atta9 to ! light ( consci\sness 9 any o!r way4 ,x is because x is a /ate or consci\s movem5t ( ! s\l t x becomes1 x also1 a pr9ciple ( k4 ,no k9d ( m5tal life beg9s ) cle> & ab/ract ideas4 ,an idea is d]iv$ f an image1 &1 9 ord] to produce ! image1 an ext]nal or an int]nal impression is necess>y4 ,x is true t ! idea or ! image has1 9 its turn1 ! my/]i\s p[] ( reproduc+ & r5ew+ ! s5sation or ! feel+ f :i* x sprang4 ,on ?is is bas$ ! art ( tea*+ & ! p[] ( tradition4 ,b ?is mu/ n be all[$ to produce 9 u ! illusion t orig9ally ! idea prec$$ ! s5sation4 ,! developm5t ( ! m5tal life ( *ildr5 is pro( ( ! contr>y4 ,we only "k t by :i* we or our k9d h be5 9 "s degree affect$4 ,our ideas are simply ! algebraic notation ( our impressions & movem5ts4 ,t :i* is outside our life is outside our view4 ,)\t ! ext]nal s5sations :i* repres5t ! action ( ! _w on ! ego1 we %\ld h no k ( ! _w4 ,)\t ! subjective reaction ( ! ego aga9/ t action ( ! _w1 a reaction :i* manife/s itself 9 ! moral1 ae/hetic1 & religi\s life ( ! s\l1 we %\ld h no moral or religi\s idea1 no notion ( ! good or ! beautiful4 ,all our metaphysical ideas come f t s\rce4 ,x rema9s1 ( c\rse1 to inquire :at is ! wor? ( ideas ( ?is ord]4 ,x is ! p>ticul>ly complex & delicate "q t we "h approa*4 ,!re is no s]i\s philosophy to-day t does n />t ) a !ory ( k4 ,religi\s k _c escape by any special privilege4 ,! criticism ( x is all ! m necess>y1 because illusion1 9 ?is matt]1 is s easy1 & because x clo!s itself 9 a sacr$ "*4 ,! !ologian :o und]takes ! sci5tific treatm5t ( dogmas )\t fir/ measur+ ! scope ( ! in/rum5t he employs1 & e/imat+ ! wor? ( ! mat]ials he uses1 kn[s n :at he is do+4 #a4 ,obsolete ,!ories ( ,k ,=m]ly ?ree explanations ( our k prevail$ 9 philosophy3 ! hypo!sis ( a primitive revelation2 ! ideali/ !ory2 & ! s5suali/ !ory4 ,! fir/ 0 reviv$ ?ree qu>t]s ( a c5tury ago by de ,bonald & ,joseph de ,mai/re4 ,x no long] ne$s to be refut$4 ,accord+ to ?is hypo!sis1 our ideas came to u1 n f )91 f ! naturally productive =ce ( ! m9d1 b f )\t1 by way ( sup]natural communication4 ,?is communication f ,god consi/$ at ! outset 9 ! gift to man ( a p]fect language4 ,! exact ^w br\ght ) x ! "r idea4 ,man1 said de ,bonald1 ?\ght 8 spee* be=e speak+ 8 ?\ght4 ,if errors h crept 9 & reign$ among m51 x is because !y 7 n able to pres]ve )\t corruption ! sacr$ deposit ( t primitive language & philosophy4 ,is x necess>y to %[ h[ ?or\ghly ?is !ory is contradict$ by psy*ology & hi/ory8 ,x is said t 9 c]ta9 c\ntries !re /ill exi/s a ,botany1 accord+ to :i* ! ,great ,_s1 hav+ creat$ ! trees ( ! =e/1 comes 9 ! night ea* ,spr+ to /ick ! leaves & blossoms on ! bran*es4 ,! imm$iate communication ( "r ideas & sup]natural virtues to man 9 8 infancy implies a contradiction2 x =ces u to imag9e 9 him ?\ghts prior to ! action ( 8 intellect & virtues previ\s to ! action ( 8 w4 ,la/ly1 x is to misconceive ! nature ( ! m9d to make ( x some?+ passive & in]t4 ,! m9d is ! ?9k+ & will+ =ce--t is to say1 a =ce productive ( ?\ghts & volitions4 ,if x is n ?is1 x is no?+4 ,we mu/ affirm1 no d\bt1 t ,god creates ?is =ce & directs its evolution1 b x is a contradiction to say at once t ,he creates x & t x is unproductive4 ,x _c exi/ )\t be+ productive4 ,x is ( its v ess5ce to produce4 ,m9d is only m9d 9 s f> z x is a =ce t produces ?\ght & volition4 ,! aim ( ?is hypo!sis1 moreov]1 0 to f\nd ! div9e au?ority ( an infallible tradition by mak+ x g back to ! e>lie/ times4 ,^! reveal$ ideas1 by ! v fact t !y are ! ideas ( ,god1 h an absolute & et]nal value4 ,man f9ds !m gu>ante$ 9 ! religi\s ca/e1 to :i* ! deposit has be5 confid$1 & :i* has pres]v$ !m intact4 ,?us arose ! idea ( an infallible au?ority4 ,s !y say4 ,b ! idea ( dogmatic au?ority nev] appe>s 9 e>ly times2 x is ( v late date2 x is elaborat$ v sl[ly1 accord+ to a psy*ological law t we h already discov]$4 ,ev]y:]e1 & 9 ! traditions ( all religions & ,*ur*es1 x appe>s aft] all o!r doctr9es z ! key/one :i* closes & b9ds toge!r ! ar*4 ,x is an ultimate dogma logically d]iv$ f o!r dogmas1 & aft]w>ds us$ z a w>rant = !m4 ,su* 0 ! dogma ( ,papal ,infallibility promulgat$ at ! ,vatican ,c\ncil ( #ahgj2 su*1 9 ,prote/antism1 0 ! dogma ( ,biblical infallibility1 complet$ by ! !ologians ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,to base ! value ( religi\s notions on a sup]natural au?ority1 ) a view to r5d]+ !m indisputable1 is a vici\s circle2 ! au?ority1 x is evid5t1 is ! product ( ^! notions !mselves4 ,all sy/ems ( au?ority end by %utt+ !mselves up 9 ?is circle & p]i%+ 9 x4 ,! ideali/ !ory ( ! orig9 ( ideas is b ! philosophical =m ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,x also is an endeav\r to trace back our g5]al ideas to ! div9e und]/&+ z _! prim>y s\rce4 ,pure ideas1 type-ideas1 accord+ to ,plato1 con/itute ! intelligible ,cosmos ( :i* mat]ial ph5om5a are b ! unreal & ephem]al %ad[s4 ,cle>ly to conceive ^! div9e ideas is to rea* ! transc5d5t reality ( ?+s--x is to possess true k4 ,f ,platonism to ! realism ( s*ola/icism1 f ?is to ! geometry ( ,sp9oza & ! dialectic ( ,hegel1 ! =m ( ! !ory has v>i$ con/antly2 ! sub/ance ( x has rema9$ ! same4 ,hegel always said3 ,! rational is ! real1 &1 = him1 z = ,plato1 absolute k resolv$ itself into p]fect logic4 ,psy*ology has long s9ce dispell$ ! sci5tific illusion ( idealism4 ,we d n wi% to recall ! pitiful failure ( all ! attempts =m]ly made1 & ev5 9 our own times1 to d$uce a priori ! laws ( ! physical _w4 ,ev]y:]e1 9 ?is doma91 ! me?od ( obs]vation has sup]s$$ ! d$uctive me?od4 ,! reason ( x is simple4 ,an idea1 h[ev] l(ty1 c only give out :at x conta9s1 i4e4 o!r ideas4 ,we "k v well t our ideas are 9 our m9d1 b !y are only 9 x 9 ! /ate ( ideas4 ,h[ d we "k t ! objects :i* !y repres5t exi/ outside ourselves8 ,only by logic c we pass f ! idea ( a ?+ to ! ext]nal reality ( t ?+4 ,exp]i5ce is necess>y4 ,)\t x our ideas are empty =ms4 ,"o may conjure ) !m = ev] )\t ev] rea*+ any?+ objective4 ,!y are %ells )\t k]nels4 ,pure idealism1 s f> f furni%+ a solid !ory ( k1 ends 9 scepticism1 i4e4 9 ! negation ( k4 ,! excesses & failures ( ideali/ !ories ( k h always giv5 rise 9 hi/ory to ! opposite !ory ( s5suali/ nom9alism1 accord+ to :i* our ideas are simply trans=m$ s5sations4 ,unhappily1 s5sualism1 9 lay+ d[n ?is axiom1 nev] expla9$ ! nature & /ill less ! cause ( t m>vell\s trans=mation4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! und]/&+1 said ,locke1 t 0 n previ\sly 9 ! s5ses4 ,to :i* ,leibniz rightly repli$3 ,except ! und]/&+ itself2 t is to say1 ! =ce :i* f s5sation draws k4 ,by suppress+ ?is ideal pr9ciple1 y remove f sci5ce all elem5t ( necessity--t is to say1 all g5]al wor?4 ,) ,hume1 ! s5suali/ !ory1 s f> f giv+ an acc\nt ( k1 end$ 9 pure ph5om5alism1 i4e4 once m1 9 scepticism4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ) isolat$ s5sation z ) pure idea2 y may press x z mu* z y w1 y w nev] get out ( x any?+ b :at x conta9s--t is to say1 cont+5cies )\t any connection betwe5 ea* o!r4 ,mat]ialism is /ill m emb>rass$ to furni% any !ory :atev] ( k1 = x does n ev5 succe$ 9 expla9+ s5sation4 ,betwe5 a me*anical movem5t & a ph5om5on ( consci\sness !re is an impassable abyss4 ,"o ( ! mo/ evid5t m>ks ( ! inf]iority ( ! philosophy ( ,fr5* positivism is t x has n ev5 approa*$ ?is problem ( k1 & t x has be5 able to con/itute itself )\t any o!r ?an ! popul> psy*ology4 #b4 ,! ,kantian ,!ory ( ,k ,?9k]s may to-day be divid$ into two classes3 ^? :o date f be=e ,kant1 & ^? :o h receiv$ ! initiation &1 s to speak1 ! philosophical baptism ( 8 critique4 ,^! two classes ( m9ds w always h mu* ado to und]/& ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ are dogmati/s or ,pyrrhoni/s4 ,! second no long] compreh5d ei!r dogmatism or ,pyrrhonism4 ,= !m1 ! po9t ( view has be5 displac$4 ,?anks to ,kant1 we judge bo? our k & our faculty ( kn[+2 we give an acc\nt to ourselves ( ! conditions 9 :i* x p]=ms its functions1 ( ! =ms :i* det]m9e x1 & ( ! limits t x _c pass4 ,kant comp>$1 )\t exagg]ation1 ! revolution :i* he effect$ 9 philosophy to t :i* ! discov]y ( ,cop]nicus effect$ 9 ! sy/em ( ! _w4 ,9 philosophy also ! sun has ceas$ to move r\nd ! e>?1 & ! anci5t illusion has be5 vanqui%$ & disp]s$4 ,! idea & ! reality no long] co9cide2 !y are disjo9$4 ,! intelligible no d\bt is real2 b x is n c]ta9 t all ! real is intelligible4 ,reality appe>s to u n[ z surpass+ n only our k1 b our means ( kn[+4 ,! religi\s notion ( my/]y has ent]$ into consci\sness4 ,man has atta9$ to intellectual humility4 ,l 8 body1 8 m9d is a mean betwe5 ! inf9itely great & ! inf9itely little1 betwe5 no?+ & ev]y?+4 ,! d$uctive philosophy ( ! unity & necess>y & cont9u\s unfold+ ( an et]nal sub/ance1 gives place to ! philosophy ( obs]vation1 :i* w be f\nd to be t ( ! ant9omies ^: p]man5t conflict produces ! asc5sional progress ( ! _w & ( life4 ,to make ,kantism end 9 scepticism %[s a lack ( intellig5ce4 ,8 sy/em enables u1 on ! contr>y1 to =m ! sci5tific !ory ( sci5ce4 ,! tru? is to be f\nd nei!r 9 dogmatism nor 9 ,pyrrhonism1 bo? ( :i* ,pascal combat$ ) equal vig\r4 ,9 mod]n sci5ce !re is a c]titude inv9cible to ! subtle/ ,pyrrhonism2 b !re is also 9 x a s5se ( ! limits ( our kn[+ faculty & ( ! relative "* ( our mo/ solid con/ructions :i* =bids man ev] to be puff$ up to ! po9t ( believ+ himself to be ,god4 ,to be 9 ?is mean is to be 9 ! tru?4 ,! same critique :i* e/abli%es ! validity ( human k lays d[n ! limits beyond :i* x _c g4 ,we h come to "k ourselves bett]1 & t is ! m>k ( all true progress 9 philosophy4 ,"k ?yself is always its fir/ rule & its f9al fruit4 ,! ,kantian !ory ( k1 :ile satisfy+ ! m9d1 at ! same "t sets =? ! ess5tial ant9omies ^: normal play con/itutes ! v life ( ! ego & expla9s its multiple manife/ations4 ,!re are two elem5ts 9 all k3 an a po/]iori elem5t :i* comes f exp]i5ce1 & an a priori elem5t :i* comes f ! ?9k+ subject4 ,! fir/ is ! matt] ( k2 ! second is ! =m4 ,sep>ate1 ^! two elem5ts are unproductive4 ,) ! fir/ alone we h b a reality n kn[n2 ) ! second alone we h b a kn[+ )\t reality4 ,_! union r5d]s !m mutually fruitful by organis+ ! data ( exp]i5ce into ! necess>y =ms ( ?\ght4 ,! pr9ciple ( causation1 e4g41 is n 9 ?+s2 x is 9 ! m9d1 & x is ! m9d :i* spontane\sly connects all ph5om5a4 ,sci5ce1 at bottom1 consi/s 9 no?+ b ! causal connection ( ?+s4 ,:]e ! *a9 breaks1 positive k ends4 ,?is cle> s5se ( ignorance on po9ts on :i* we really are ignorant is /ill a "p ( sci5ce & "o ( its pr9cipal =ces1 = x proves t x kn[s itself v well1 & also kn[s ! conditions ap>t f :i* x no long] exi/s4 ,b1 :e!r triumphant or held 9 *eck1 positive sci5ce c nei!r r5\nce its task & me?od nor modify _! nature4 ,x c only seek to complete1 or r to l5g!n1 ! *a9 ( ph5om5a4 ,! success ( ?is ev]-id5tical ef=t1 an ef=t always 9 ! same direction1 is :at is call$ its conque/s & its progress4 ,x foll[s t ! irresi/ible t5d5cy ( sci5ce w be to ext5d ov] ! :ole ( ! ph5om5a ! ev]-tight] network ( an inv9cible necessity4 ,det]m9ism is its la/ ^w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ego :i* kn[s is an act+ ego4 ,its ?\ght itself1 prop]ly speak+1 & ?is display ( sci5ce1 are only "o ( ! =ms ( its inn] activity4 ,x wills1 & x mu/ w4 ,if ! _w acts on x by s5sation1 x acts incessantly on ! _w by its volitions4 ,& let x n be said t ! w simply repres5ts a me*anical reaction ( ! ego1 exactly equival5t to ! action ( ! ext]nal _w ^u x1--t x is a simple trans=mation ( en]gy1--= ?is is n true4 ,)\t "h rais+ ! "q ( lib]ty1 x is c]ta9 t ,i d n give back 9 w simply :at ,i h receiv$ "u ! =m ( s5sation4 ,i delib]ate on ! motives :i* urge me to act2 ,i *oose betwe5 !m2 ,i feel myself "u obligation2 ,i feel t ,i %\ld w ! good4 ,x is impossible to conceive ( moral action )\t ! idea ( end4 ,i conceive x1 !re=e1 "u a diff]5t =m f t ( me*anical action4 ,responsibility & obligation are n less ! necess>y =ms ( w ?an logical necessity is ! necess>y =m ( ?\ght4 ,b soon !re arises 9 man ! mo/ tragical ( conflicts4 ,sci5tific det]m9ism r5d]s moral activity un9telligible1 & moral activity comes into collision ) ! det]m9ism ( sci5ce4 ,if me*anical det]m9ism be absolutely true1 my w is null2 ,i am simply an automaton4 ,if my responsibility is real1 if my p]sonal en]gy is n an illusion1 !re is 9 ! _w some?+ besides matt]1 &1 = man1 !re are o!r ?an me*anical laws4 ,?us divid$ 9 myself1 ,i ought n to practise :at ,i "k1 & ,i _c d :at ,i ought4 ,i rema9 float+ betwe5 a sci5ce :i* is n moral & a morality t ,i feel to be unsci5tific4 ,my intellect de/roys my w4 ,z ! "o develops ! o!r dies4 ,! bett] ,i "k ! laws ( ! _w ! less reason ,i h = liv+ & act+4 ,my morality1 at ea* act1 gives ! lie to my sci5ce1 & my sci5ce1 at ea* affirmation1 refutes my morality4 ,su* is ! deep malady1 ! spiritual mis]y1 ( ! be/ ( our contempor>ies4 ,!y feel t1 ) !m1 vital en]gy is 9 inv]se proportion to ! ext5t & p5etration ( ?\ght4 ,x is !n t !y decl>e t pessimism1 a radical pessimism1 is ! tru?2 t exi/5ce1 w1 desire1 are ! *ief evils1 & t ! supreme ef=t ( sci5ce %\ld be to cure u ( !m by deliv]+ u f all our illusions2 aft] :i*1 9 its turn1 x w be ext+ui%$ itself1 l a flame t has consum$ ! food on :i* x f$4 ,/ill1 ! consci\s subject is "o4 ,y _c proclaim x va9 )\t at ! same "t proclaim+ ! vanity ( its ideas z well z ( its ef=ts4 ,! ru9 ( morality draws aft] x ! ru9 ( sci5ce4 ,moreov]1 ! conflict ( :i* we speak is diff]5t f a !oretical contradiction ^: solution may be indef9itely po/pon$4 ,! conflict is practical2 x is ( ! vital n ( ! intellectual ord]4 ,x is an int]nal dissolution ( ! be+ itself1 a /ruggle betwe5 its elem5t>y faculties1 9 :i* ! m9d is weak5$1 droops1 & dies4 ,! solution1 !re=e1 if !re be "o1 c only be a practical "o1 a solution spr++ f ! w4 ,:at is ne$$ is to give ! m9d confid5ce 9 itself4 ,x is necess>y to increase ! en]gy ( its inn] life 9 ord] t x may f9d ! /r5g? to believe & to affirm 9 face ( ! univ]se ! sov]eignty ( _s4 ,?is is ! same z say+ t ! solution ( ! conflict is religion2 n an ext]nal religion1 d\btless1 9 ^: h&s ! ?\ght & w ( man %\ld abdicate--t w\ld 9 no wise re-e/abli% _! inn] & liv+ h>mony--b an inw>d religion1 an activity ( _s :i* grasps 9 itself ! supremacy ( ! univ]sal _s1 & by an act ( intimate confid5ce1 an in/9ctive impulse ( ! be+ ready to p]i%1 affirms to itself its own dignity1 & makes to spr+ up out ( its own sub/ance ! irresi/ible religion ( _s4 ,?us ! conflict ( ! !oretic reason & ! practical reason et]nally eng5d]s religion 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,let u %[ m cle>ly /ill ?is necess>y g5esis ( religion4 ,9 obs]v+1 9 reason+1 9 g5]alis+1 ,i arrive at a c]ta9 k ( t :i* surr\nds me2 ?is k ( ext]nal objects =ms )9 me ! cont5ts ( :at ,i call my k ( ! _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 act+1 9 liv+1 9 ex]cis+ my w1 is =m$ :at ,i call my k ( myself4 ,consci\sness ( self1 & consci\sness ( ! _w1 condition & det]m9e ea* o!r1 & _c exi/ )\t ea* o!r4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 !y ent] into mortal conflict4 ,! ego desires to ma/] ! _w1 & ! _w1 9 ! end1 dev\rs ! ego4 ,?\ght triumphs ov] ,nature & contemns x2 ,nature takes its rev5ge & swall[s up ?\ght 9 its abyss4 ,! consci\sness ( self wi%es to br+ ov] to itself ! k ( ! _w2 & ?is absorbs & dev\rs ! consci\sness ( self4 ,! syn!sis & reconciliation c only be f\nd 9 ! consci\sness ( some?+ sup]ior to self & ! _w on :i* bo? ( !m absolutely dep5d4 ,?is syn!tic & pacificatory consci\sness is ! consci\sness ( univ]sal & sov]eign ,be+2 x is ! s5se ( ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,to escape f 8 di/ress1 man has nev] _h any b ?is means ( salvation4 ,! savage has rec\rse to x1 accord+ to 8 degree ( intellectual life1 :51 "u t]ror ( ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 & ( ev]-?reat5+ dea?1 he calls to 8 aid ! obscure p[] ( 8 gods4 ,! philosoph]1 n\ri%$ on speculation1 & arriv$ at ! duali/ic & divid$ consci\sness ( ! disciples ( ,kant1 obeys ! same in/9ctive impulse & ! same vital necessity :5 he seeks 9 ! notion ( ,god ! conciliation ( ! conflict :i* he feels betwe5 ! ego & ! _w1 betwe5 pure reason & ! practical reason4 ,he ne$s a univ]sal ,be+ on :om he feels himself to dep5d1 & on :om he may equally make to dep5d ! :ole univ]se4 ,9 unit+ himself to ,him1 he affirms & confirms 8 own life2 he feels ,god to be active & pres5t1 9 8 ?\ght "u ! =m ( logical law1 9 8 w "u ! =m ( moral law4 ,he is sav$ by fai? 9 ! int]ior ,god1 9 :om is realis$ ! unity ( 8 be+4 ,x is !re=e true to say t ! human m9d _c believe 9 itself )\t believ+ 9 ,god1 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 x _c believe 9 ,god )\t f9d+ ,him )9 itself4 ,t is a salto mortale1 "s sup]ficial spirits w say1 a/oni%$ at an app>5t d$uction :i* ?us makes ! religi\s activity ( ! ego spr+ f ! dep?s ( its own di/ress & despair4 ,to :i* we respond3 x is1 on ! contr>y1 a salto vitale1 ! in/9ctive & at ! same "t reflective act :i* moves ! m9d to affirm to itself ! absolute value ( _s4 ,consid]$ at ?is fir/ psy*ological mom5t ( its bir?1 ! religi\s fai? ( _s 9 itself & 9 its sov]eignty is only ! high] =m1 &1 z x 71 ! prolongation ( ! in/9ct ( cons]vation :i* reigns 9 all ,nature4 ,! m9d1 cru%$ b5ea? ! weight ( ?+s1 /&s up & triumphs 9 ! feel+ ( ! et]nal dignity ( _s4 ,inw>d religion1 sacr$ in/9ct ( life1 div9e1 immortal =ce :i* necess>ily appe>s at ! fir/ movem5t ( _s1 h[ !y misund]/& !e :o only see 9 !e ! slav]y ( man6 ,on ! contr>y1 x is ?\ alone t breake/ all ! *a9s t ,nature b9ds on him1 t save/ him f dea? & f ext9ction1 & t op5e/ out to 8 b5efic5t activity an inf9ite c>e] by associat+ him ) ! "w ( ,god3 x is ?\ t r5d]e/ 8 spontaneity creative1 t r5ewe/ 8 =ces1 & t1 plung+ him into ! f\nta9 :5ce he issu$1 ma9ta9e/ 9 him an et]nal y\?6 ,?is issue to ! conflict ( our faculties is exclusively ( ! practical ord]2 x is an act ( tru/1 n a demon/ration2 an affirmation :i* presupposes1 n sci5tific pro(s1 b an act ( moral en]gy4 ,?is act mu/ be p]=m$1 or we mu/ die4 ,!re is no con/ra9t except ! desire to live1 b ?is is irresi/ible1 if n = ea* individual 9 p>ticul>1 at lea/ = mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,! individual may commit suicide2 humanity desires to live1 & its life is a p]petual act ( fai?4 ,nev]!less1 ?is practical solution implies ! possibility & ! hope ( a !oretical "o2 & ?is 9 two ways3 9 ! fir/ place1 psy*ologically1 because ! ego ( pure reason is also t ( ! practical reason & feels itself to be "o & ! same kn[+ & act+ subject2 !n1 speculatively1 because 9 believ+ 9 ! sov]eignty ( _s 9 ourselves & 9 ! _w we affirm t man & ! _w h 9 _s ! pr9ciple & ! aim ( _! be+4 ,9 ,god pres5t 9 u1 are reconcil$1 at lea/ 9 hope1 ! ego & ! _w4 ,?is religi\s fai? ( _s 9 itself p]mits u to anticipate ! future solution1 & to affirm t at ! summit ( _! complete developm5t1 & 9 _! entire p]fection1 sci5ce & ! moral life w rejo9 & p5etrate ea* o!r4 ,ma!maticians tell u t two p>allel l9es meet 9 inf9ity4 ,s 9 ,god are reconcil$ ! pure reason & ! practical reason1 :i* "h seem to u to develop !mselves on p>allel l9es )\t ev] be+ able to meet & to unite4 ,let u nev] =get t we spr+ out ( no?+ness1 or1 if y w1 out ( unconsci\sness1 & t we sl[ly em]ge into ! light ( consci\sness4 ,man is 9 c\rse ( be+ made _s4 ,if x be well consid]$1 x w be se5 t ?is irr$ucible anti!sis t fills u ) despair is ! v condition ( our spiritual developm5t4 ,! m9d only dis5gages itself f ! bonds ( its "m1 ,nature1 by an incessant /ruggle4 ,/ruggle means opposition & victory4 ,exp]i5ce demon/rates t no?+ spiritualises1 deep5s1 or purifies morality m ?an ! contradictions ( sci5ce2 & f9ally1 t no?+ helps sci5ce m ?an a high & dis9t]e/$ morality4 ,^! two si/]s1 enemies 9 appe>ance1 are tw9s1 & !y are se5 to gr[ & triumph toge!r by ! ex]cise !y give to ea* o!r ?r\gh _! con/ant contradictions4 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,! ,two ,ord]s ( ,k 444 ,! ego c only be consci\s ( itself & ( its modifications4 ,t :i* does n t\* x 9 any way rema9s unkn[n4 ,n[1 ! modifications ( ! ego may be r$uc$ to two gr\ps4 ,! "o comes to x f )\t1 repres5t+ ! action ( ?+s ^u x2 ^! are s5sations4 ,! o!r spr+s up )91 repres5t+ ! action ( ! ego on ?+s1 its spontane\s en]gy1 its volitions1 & its acts4 ,!nce come ! two con/itu5t elem5ts ( e consci\sness1 ! di/9ction betwe5 object & subject1 ! ego & ! non-ego1 ?\ght & ! object ( ?\ght4 ,we call objective e idea or quality t x is possible to ref] to ! object alone1 indep5d5tly ( ! action or disposition ( ! subject4 ,we call subjective all k imply+ id5tity ( subject & object1 all discipl9e be>+ on ! rules ( ! spontane\s activity ( ! ego1 s9ce )\t t activity ! rules :i* %\ld direct x w\ld n exi/4 ,9 ! fir/ case we are consci\s ( a di/9ction & ev5 ( a radical opposition betwe5 ! object & ! subject ( k2 9 ! second1 we are consci\s ( _! fundam5tal id5tity 9 ?is s5se1 t ! ?9k+ & will+ subject pres5ts itself to itself z an object ( ?\ght & /udy4 ,9 ord] t ! two ord]s ( k1 eng5d]$ by ?is duality ( orig91 may be br\ght into logical unity1 x is necess>y ei!r t ! subject %\ld ent] into ! object1 t ! ego %\ld be absorb$ by ! non-ego1 s t ! laws ( ! non-ego %\ld become ! laws ( ! ego--& t w\ld be mat]ialism2 or t ! object %\ld ent] into ! subject s t ! laws ( ! subject %\ld become ! law ( ?+s--& t w\ld be idealism4 ,outside ^! two sy/ems1 equally viol5t & absolute1 ! two ord]s ( k are irr$ucible1 because 9 u ! consci\sness ( ! ego & ! consci\sness ( ! _w are at pres5t 9 conflict4 ,morality is nei!r reconcil$ to sci5ce1 nor sci5ce to morality4 ,9 _! rappro*em5t1 progressive to inf9ity1 a hiatus always subsi/s4 ,"o w\ld be greatly deceiv$ if he r$uc$ ?is diff]5ce to ! ord9>y opposition betwe5 ! physical & ! spiritual1 betwe5 ext]nal & int]nal ph5om5a4 ,s5sation1 ! f\ndation & ! />t+ po9t ( ! objective ord] ( k1 is j z int]nal z volition4 ,on ! o!r h&1 man is a "p ( :at we call ,nature2 &1 z su*1 he is ! !atre ( a cr[d ( int]nal & ext]nal ph5om5a :i*1 s f> z t is possible1 %\ld be obs]v$1 describ$1 expla9$1 by ! pr9ciple ( causality1 l all ! o!r ph5om5a ( ! physical ord]4 ,= example1 ! me*anism ( memory & t ( logic1 ! correlation betwe5 m5tal activities & ! physiological modifications ( ! c]ebro-sp9al sy/em1 ! laws ( association ( ideas1 ! /able =ms ( ! human und]/&+1 all t psy*ology t is n[ call$ sci5tific psy*ology1 rightfully ent]s into ! doma9 ( ! sci5ces ( ,nature4 ,x is a prov9ce t may be explor$ l all ! o!rs4 ,! psy*ological obs]vations made 9 x are objective n less ?an ^? ( physiology1 = ! reason t ! ph5om5a t are obs]v$1 :ile occurr+ 9 ! ego1 are nev]!less produc$ 9 x )\t ! volunt>y int]v5tion ( ! ego1 & ev5 )\t its express cons5t4 ,moreov]1 !y d n imply or provoke on ! "p ( ! ego any moral judgm5t prop]ly s call$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 take ! sci5ces ( ,nature :i* deal ) ! objects mo/ widely remov$ f man1 ) a/ronomy or geology1 e4g42 no long] consid] ! b>e ext]nal results2 consid] r t spiritual =ce :i* we call ?\ght1 & :i* has ! virtue ( produc+ ^! sci5ces2 :at are !y b ! ext]nal revelation ( ! creative & organis+ en]gy ( ! ?9k+ subject1 ! revelation ( _s to _s8 ,! "w1 se5 f ?is subjective side1 s]ves simply to set =? ! wor? ( ! work]4 ,y speak !n ( ! ord9>y savant or ( ! intellectual g5ius1 ( ! good or bad sci5tific workman4 ,! philosophy ( sci5ce becomes a necess>ily subjective discipl9e4 ,sci5ce1 9 fact1 is simply an ab/raction4 ,9 ! reality !re are only m9ds m or less ignorant1 consci\s1 at ea* /ep1 ( _! /r5g? & ( _! impot5ce1 ( _! defeats & victories1--m9ds condemn$ to a p]petual ef=t to /ruggle out ( ! night f :i* !y sl[ly m\nt4 ,:5 y ?9k ( ?is mo/ dis9t]e/$ side ( ! sci5tific life y ask y\rself :at is ! basis1 9 ! la/ resort1 ( ?is confid5ce ( m9d 9 itself--! f\ndation ( all ! re/4 ,y see cle>ly t ?is activity ( pure intellect dem&s1 l all o!r human activity1 att5tion1 =getfulness ( self1 a h]oism1 9 %ort1 go+ to ! po9t ( contempt ( common enjoym5ts1 & ( ! sacrifice ( life itself4 ,y h !n left ! doma9 ( ! sci5ces ( ,nature & h ent]$ ! realms ( _s1 & !re rise ar\nd y ! problems :i* =m ! object ( ! moral discipl9es4 ,su* is ! intimate complexity ( ! two ord]s ( k t a p]sev]+ reflection discov]s !m to be ev]y:]e m+l$1 & x is ) difficulty t !y are dis5tangl$4 ,all k is an aggregate 7ensemble7 ( judgm5ts2 b ! judgm5ts :i* con/itute physical k & ^? t con/itute moral sci5ce are n ( ! same nature4 ,! fir/ are judgm5ts ( exi/5ce1 be>+ solely on ! causality1 ! succession1 ! di/ribution ( ph5om5a1 i4e4 on ! relations ( objects to ea* o!r1 ap>t f ! subject4 ,! basis on :i* !y re/ is s5sation1 &1 z s5sation has = necess>y =ms "t & space1 "t & space w also be ! =ms & limits ( ^! judgm5ts4 ,=m+ homog5e\s quantities1 "t & space give ! notion ( figure & ( numb]1 s t ma!matics is ! f\ndation & ! necess>y framework ( all ! physical sci5ces4 ,!y rise above ?is ab/ract sci5ce ( ! =ms ( s5sibility 9 ! ord] ( _! complexity1 & =m a hi]>*y f rational me*anics to sociology1 ( :i* ,comte & s _m o!rs va9ly endeav\r to make a simple social me*anics4 ,! de/9y ( ?is univ]sal objective sci5ce is to progress = ev] )\t ev] be+ complet$2 = x is ( ! same nature z numb]--t is to say1 ess5tially indef9ite & imp]fect4 ,x n only f9ds an inexhau/ible subject ( /udy 9 ! ext]nal _w2 x enc\nt]s a my/]y imp5etrable to its me?ods & analyses 9 ! v subject t creates x1 & :i*1 9 creat+ x1 rema9s outside ! me*anism x sets 9 motion4 ,9 fact1 :5 ! ?9k+ subject consid]s itself1 or consid]s ?+s 9 relation to itself1 x br+s to be> ^u itself & !m a second s]ies ( judgm5ts ( an altoge!r diff]5t "*4 ,x e/imates !m & x e/imates itself accord+ to a norm :i* is 9 itself4 ,x decl>es !m to be good or bad1 beautiful or ugly1 ri* or poor 9 life1 h>moni\s or discordant4 ,9 o!r words1 x is no long] ! idea ( numb]--x is ! category ( ! good :i* becomes ! necess>y =m ( ^! new judgm5ts1 :i*1 = ?is reason1 are call$ judgm5ts ( e/imation or ( dignity1 & x is cle> t betwe5 ^! two k9ds ( judgm5ts !re is no common measure4 ,!y c no m enc\nt] ea* o!r ?an two balls roll$ on diff]5t planes4 ,w x be said t ! judgm5ts f\nd$ on ! concept ( ! good are insignificant & wor?less because nei!r man nor ! good ( man c be ! measure ( ?+s8 ,if ?is rem>k is useful = abat+ human pride & prev5t+ *ildi% illusions1 x does n efface ! primordial di/9ction betwe5 good & evil inh]5t to ! human m9d1 nor w\ld "o wi% to d$uce f x ! vanity ( all morality1 & ! equal wor? ( all ! manife/ations ( life4 ,! pro(1 moreov]1 t ! rule ( ! good is above man is t x judges & condemns him pitilessly2 x is t consci\sness1 indep5d5tly ( ! pa9ful or agreeable s5sations t x receives f ?+s1 e/abli%es betwe5 !m a fitness 7conv5ance71 a hi]>*y1 & con/itutes ! h>moni\s unity ( ! univ]se itself 9 ! supreme idea ( ! sov]eign good4 ,if ! legitimacy ( ! confid5ce :i* ! consci5ce has 9 its rule is to be conte/$1 ,i d n see :y we %\ld n conte/ t ( ! confid5ce ( pure ?\ght 9 itself4 ,!n ev]y?+ crumbles to pieces1 bo? sci5ce & consci5ce1 9 ! same abyss4 ,9 reality1 ! good1 ! beautiful1 ! relations ( fitness & ( h>mony1 are s _m pr9ciples ( k1 :i* progress1 l physical k1 by ! culture ( ! m9d4 ,! =m ( ! moral judgm5ts is univ]sal1 & id5tical 9 e man2 x is ?is =m alone :i* con/itutes man z a moral be+2 b ! cont5ts ( ?is =m v>y unceas+ly 9 hi/ory1 accord+ to times & places4 ,ev]y:]e & always man has s\ght ! good1 b he has n always plac$ x 9 ! same ?+s2 he has =m$ diff]5t ideas ( x1 & ^! ideas h become m & m noble & pure 9 proportion z 8 life itself has be5 ennobl$ & purifi$4 ,t is :y !re is a hi/ory ( morality1 ( religion1 ( ae/hetics1 z !re is a hi/ory ( ! natural sci5ces1 al?\gh progress 9 ^! two classes has be5 ( an opposite nature & accompli%$ accord+ to diff]5t laws4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 we may conclude t if ma!matics1 by ! concept ( numb]1 ! ab/ract =m ( s5sation1 is ! m\ld & framework ( ! sci5ces ( ,nature1 e?ics1 by ! categorical imp]ative1 ! ab/ract =m ( ! activity ( _s1 is ! f\ndation ( ! moral sci5ces1 :i* are z div]se z ! v>i\s activities ( ! ego1 ea* hav+ special rules & crit]ia1 no d\bt1 b always fall+ "u ! common =m ( obligation4 ,di/9ct & (t5 9 conflict1 ^! two ord]s ( k are none ! less solidaire2 !y are always develop$ by _! action ! "o ^u ! o!r1 & t5d to a high] unity1 ! ne$ = :i* gives rise to attempts1 r5ew$ f age to age1 at a metaphysical syn!sis4 ,if y take ! discipl9es z taught 9 ! s*ools to-day1 y w f9d t !y are almo/ all mix$ sci5ces su* z hi/ory1 social economy1 politics1 philosophy1 etc4 ,s soon z ! savant rises above ! simple description ( ph5om5a1 & wi%es to organise 8 cosmos by =mulat+ ! unity & h>mony ( x1 he necess>ily borr[s ?is pr9ciple ( organisation & ( h>mony f ! exp]i5ce ( 8 subjective life4 ,on ! contr>y1 religion1 art1 morality1 c only be realis$ 9 ! conditions prescrib$ to !m by sci5ce prop]ly s call$1 & ! la/ problem always prop\nd$ to human ?\ght at ea* /age ( its developm5t is ! conciliation ( ! moral idea acquir$ by ! ex]cise ( ! w1 & ! sci5tific idea furni%$ by its exp]i5ce ( ! _w4 ,!re is no "q1 !n1 ( sep>at+ ! two ord]s ( k1 b ( ref]r+ ea* ( !m to its true s\rce1 & prev5t+ a confusion :i*1 mix+ ev]y?+ up1 r5d]s ev]y?+ unc]ta94 ,x is impossible 9 good psy*ology to trace to "o c5tre ! div]g5t manife/ations ( our spiritual life1 & to drive ! moral into ! physical or ! physical into ! moral4 ,our spiritual life is l an ellipse ) two c5tres ( light3 on ! "o side1 ! c5tre ( receptive life1 :]e all ! s5sations receiv$ are elaborat$ into ph5om5al k2 on ! o!r1 ! c5tre ( active life1 at :i* are conc5trat$ all ! revelations ( ! m9d's own inn] en]gy4 ,! l9e ( ! ellipse describ$ by ! relation & ! di/ance ( ^! two c5tres is ! approximate b nev] p]fect syn!sis ( ! two k9ds ( data :i* ?us arrive 9 consci\sness4 ,he :o does n di/+ui% ^! two c5tres1 & trans=ms ! ellipse into a circumf]5ce ) equal rays & an unique c5tre1 necess>ily rema9s 9 *aos & old night4 ,f ^! g5]al consid]ations is naturally d$uc$ ! specific "* ( religi\s k1 its inw>d nature & its range4 #d4 ,! ,subjectivity ( ,religi\s ,k ,! fir/ contra/ t we h se5 to arise betwe5 ! k ( ,nature & religi\s k is t ! fir/ is objective1 & t ! second c nev] pass out ( subjectivity4 ,?is does n mean t ! second is less c]ta91 b t x is ( ano!r ord]1 & is produc$ 9 ano!r way & ) o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,9 "o s5se1 ! k ( ,nature is subjective1 = x dep5ds on our m5tal con/itution1 & on ! laws ( our kn[+ faculty4 ,b religi\s & moral k is subjective 9 a diff]5t mann] & = a deep] reason4 ,! object ( sci5tific k is always outside ! ego1 & x is 9 kn[+ x z an object outside ! ego t ! objectivity ( t k consi/s4 ,b ! object ( religi\s or moral k--,god1 ! ,good1 ! ,beautiful--^! are n ph5om5a t may be grasp$ outside ! ego & indep5d5tly ( x4 ,god only reveals ,himself 9 & by piety2 ! ,good1 9 ! consci\sness ( ! good man2 ! ,beautiful1 9 ! creative activity ( ! arti/4 ,?is is only say+ t ! object ( ^! k9ds ( k is imman5t 9 ! subject himself1 & only reveals itself by ! p]sonal activity ( t subject4 ,absolutely elim9ate ! religi\s & moral subject1 or r take f him all p]sonal activity1 & y suppress1 = him1 ! object ( morality & religion4 ,let u take up aga9 t /rik+ anti!sis ( ! two ord]s ( k4 ,:at is at once ! basis & ! sign ( ! objectivity ( ! natural sci5ces8 ,"o may !oretically ask :e!r ! _w ( sci5ce1 ! _w t appe>s to u1 is exactly ! real _w1 exi/+ outside ( u4 ,x is ?us t 9 ! philosophy ( ,kant ! fam\s "q z to ! ?+ 9 itself is /at$4 ,b x is equally c]ta9 t 9 ! "n ( t philosophy ?is "q ought logically to be disc>d$4 ,"o is a/oni%$ t ! au?or ( ! ,critique ( ,pure ,reason did n imm$iately close t door op5$ to sci5tific scepticism4 ,aft] 8 critique1 9 fact1 x is evid5t t t sub/ratum :i* "s are =c$ to imag9e z a support to ph5om5a--t ! indet]m9ate & indet]m9able sub/ance t !y repres5t b5ea? ! =ms & qualities ( ?+s1--is bo? a non-be+ & nons5se4 ,das ,d+ an si* i/ e9 ,und+4 7,! ?+ 9 itself is an un?+47 ,x is a remnant ( anci5t metaphysics :i* ought to be elim9at$ f mod]n philosophy4 ,9 all[+ x to introduce itself into our !ory ( k1 x ov]turns x z w\ld a het]og5e\s elem5t4 ,he t p]si/s 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! ?+ 9 itself & ! ph5om5al ?+ w nev] be able to give an acc\nt ( ! objectivity ( ! sci5ces ( ,nature1 & ( ! k9d ( c]titude t belongs to !m4 ,t :i* appe>s to u f )\t is n d\btless all ! reality ( ! _w2 b x is a real _w4 ,by 8 calculations1 ,lev]ri] came fir/ to suspect ! exi/5ce ( a l>ge planet z yet unp]ceiv$2 !n he came to measure its volume1 to trace its orbit1 & f9ally to m>k its place at a giv5 "t4 ,he said to 8 bro!r a/ronom]s3 ,look !re6 & ! planet appe>$ at ! end ( _! telescopes4 ,h[ expla91 moreov]1 )\t ?is reality ( sci5ce1 ! p[] t sci5ce gives to man ov] ,nature8 ,8 p[]1 is x n always exactly 9 proportion to 8 k8 ,9 :at !n does ?is objectivity ( sci5ce consi/ if x is n f\nd$ on ! pret5d$ k ( ! ?+ 9 itself8 ,9 ! necess>y l9k t sci5tific ?\ght e/abli%es betwe5 ph5om5a4 ,?is necessity does n come f exp]i5ce1 = x is some?+ ideal1 :i* our m9d adds to all exp]i5ce4 ,b1 z we c only ?9k accord+ to ^! necess>y laws1 we necess>ily objectivise 9 all sci5tific /udy4 ,we ?us affirm1 ( necessity1 ! fundam5tal unity ( ! laws ( ?\ght & ! laws ( ph5om5a4 ,exp]i5ce always confirms ?is imm$iate affirmation4 ,n[ ?is necessity1 x is objectivity itself2 x is ! only n\m5on t we are au?oris$ to seek beh9d ph5om5a 9 ,nature1 & beh9d ! manife/ations ( pure reason 9 _s4 ,! fir/ effect ( ?is objective necessity is to elim9ate f ! "w ( sci5ce ! feel+s & ! subjective w ( ! ego4 ,a ?9k+ & act+ subject is no d\bt necess>y 9 mak+ sci5ce2 b ! *>act]i/ic ( sci5ce is to see :at x /udies ap>t f ! subject1 ap>t ev5 f ! psy*ical ph5om5a t x obs]ves 9 ! ego itself4 ,posit$ outside ! ego1 ! laws t x promulgates appe> to u !re=e indep5d5t ( x4 ,?is elim9ation ( ! subject f ! conclusions ( sci5ce ?us becomes ! sign & ! measure ( _! objectivity4 ,:]e ! elim9ation is complete1 z 9 a/ronomy & physics1 ! objectivity is entire4 ,on ! contr>y1 hi/ory1 e4g4 :]e ! elim9ation c nev] be absolute1 always t5ds t[>ds objectivity1 b nev] rea*es x4 ,x is altoge!r o!rwise ) religi\s k4 ,) x we ent] at once into ! subjective ord]--t is to say1 into an ord] ( psy*ological facts1 ( det]m9ations & int]nal dispositions ( ! subject itself1 ! succession ( :i* con/itutes 8 p]sonal life4 ,to elim9ate ! ego w\ld n "h be possible2 = ?is w\ld be bo? to elim9ate ! mat]ials & to dry up ! liv+ spr+ ( k4 ,an anci5t illusion pret5d$ t we "k ,god1 z we "k ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 & t ! religi\s life spr+s f t objective k z by a sort ( practical application4 ,! v opposite is true4 ,god is n a ph5om5on t we may obs]ve ap>t f ourselves1 or a tru? demon/rable by logical reason+4 ,he :o does n feel ,him inside 8 he>t w nev] f9d ,him outside4 ,! object ( religi\s k only reveals itself 9 ! subject1 by ! religi\s ph5om5a !mselves4 ,x is ) ! religi\s consci\sness z ) ! moral consci\sness4 ,9 ?is ! subject feels oblig$1 & ?is obligation itself con/itutes ! revelation ( ! moral object :i* obliges u4 ,!re is no good kn[n outside t4 ,! same 9 religion3 we nev] become consci\s ( our piety )\t--at ! same "t t we feel religi\sly mov$--p]ceiv+1 m or less obscurely1 9 t v emotion ! object & ! cause ( religion1 i4e4 ,god4 ,obs]ve ! natural & spontane\s movem5t ( piety3 a s\l feels itself to be tru/+1 t x is e/abli%$ 9 peace & light2 is x /rong1 humble1 resign$1 ob$i5t8 ,x imm$iately attributes its /r5g?1 its fai?1 its humility1 its ob$i5ce1 to ! action ( ! ,div9e ,_s )9 itself4 ,anne ,d\b\rg1 dy+ at ! /ake1 pray$ ?us3 ,o ,god1 ,d n ab&on me le/ ,i %\ld fall (f f ,!e4 ,! prophet ( ,israel said3 ,turn me1 ,o ,"l1 & ,i %all be turn$4 ,& ! fa!r 9 ! ,gospels cri$3 ,"l1 ,i believe2 help ,?\ m9e unbelief4 ,to feel ?us 9 our p]sonal & empirical activity ! action & ! pres5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,god )9 our own _s1 is ! my/]y1 b x is also ! s\rce1 ( religion4 ,x w be se5 h[ mu* religi\s k & ! sci5ce ( ,nature diff] by _! v orig94 ,! "o is ! !ory ( ! receptive & logical life ( ! ego2 ! o!r is ! !ory ( its active & spontane\s life4 ,z bo? ! receptive & ! active life are "o1 h[ev]1 ! two ord]s ( k are nei!r isolat$ nor indep5d5t4 ,b !y mu/ nev] be conf\nd$4 ,_! results w always rema9 het]og5e\s2 !y are n ( ! same ord]1 & _c supply ! place ( ea* o!r4 ,if y 7 to admit1 e4g41 t philosoph]s may succe$ 7z !y h (t5 be5 believ$ to d7 9 e/abli%+ a v]itable objective sci5ce ( ,god1 & if !y 7 ?us to "k ,god 9 ,himself & ap>t f ! religi\s ego1 t sci5tific k ( ,god1 ev5 if x 7 possible1 w\ld n be religi\s k2 = to "k ,god religi\sly is to "k ,him 9 ,8 relation to u--t is to say1 9 our consci\sness1 9 s f> z ,he is pres5t 9 x & det]m9es x t[>ds piety4 ,?is is ! s5se 9 :i* x is p]missible to ma9ta9 t religion is z indep5d5t ( metaphysics z x is ( cosmology4 ,x is ! same ) ! k ( ! _w4 ,to "k ! _w z an a/ronom] or a physici/ is n to "k x religi\sly4 ,to "k x religi\sly is1 :ile tak+ x z x is1 & 9 no wise contradict+ ! sci5tific laws accord+ to :i* x is gov]n$1 to det]m9e its value 9 relation to ! life ( _s2 x is to e/imate x accord+ z x is a means1 a h9drance1 or a m5ace1 to ! progress ( t life4 ,9 ! same way1 to "k ourselves religi\sly is n to con/ruct sci5tific psy*ology2 b t psy*ology be+ once con/ruct$1 & prop]ly con/ruct$1 x is to realise ourselves 9 our relation bo? to ,god & to ! _w1 =c+ ourselves to surm\nt ! contradictions f :i* we suff]1 9 ord] t we may atta9 to unity & peace ( m9d4 ,?us1 n only c religi\s k nev] ca/ (f its subjective "*2 x is 9 reality no?+ b t v subjectivity ( piety consid]$ 9 its action & 9 its legitimate developm5t4 ,! inn] nature ( ^! two ord]s ( k hav+ be5 def9$1 x becomes evid5t t ea* ( !m is valid 9 its own doma91 & t !y _c legitimately encroa* ^u ea* o!r4 ,to try to e/abli% by religi\s fai? ! reality ( any ph5om5on :atsoev]1 ( :i* exp]im5tal sci5ce or intellectual criticism are ! sole judges2 or to wi% to =mulate by means ( objective sci5ce a moral judgm5t :i* spr+s f ! subjective consci\sness--^! are two equival5t encroa*m5ts & abuses4 ,exp]im5tal sci5ce has ! "r to =bid ! religi\s consci\sness to d viol5ce to x2 b ! religi\s consci\sness has an equal "r to re/rict sci5ce to its true limits4 ,we mu/ prev5t confusion if we w\ld put an end to ! conflicts betwe5 !m4 ,to enclose ,god 9 any ph5om5al =m is1 prop]ly speak+1 sup]/ition or idolatry2 to conf9e or dissipate ! s\l 9 ext]nal ph5om5ism1 & to d5y ! s]i\sness & value ( its religi\s & moral activity1 is infidelity1 prop]ly s call$4 ,tru?s ( ! religi\s & moral ord] are kn[n by a subjective act ( :at ,pascal calls ! he>t4 ,sci5ce c "k no?+ ab\t !m1 = !y are n 9 its ord]4 ,9 ! same way ! ph5om5a ( ,nature are only kn[n & measur$ by obs]vation & calculation4 ,nei!r ! he>t nor religi\s fai? c decide ) respect to !m4 ,ea* ord] has its c]titude4 ,we mu/ n say t 9 ! "o ! c]titude is great] ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,sci5ce is n m sure ( its object ?an moral or religi\s fai? is ( its own2 b x is sure 9 a diff]5t way4 ,sci5tific c]titude has at its basis intellectual evid5ce4 ,religi\s c]titude has = its f\ndation ! feel+ ( subjective life1 or moral evid5ce4 ,! fir/ gives satisfaction to ! intellect2 ! second gives to ! :ole s\l ! s5se ( ord] re-e/abli%$1 ( heal? rega9$1 ( =ce & peace4 ,x is ! happy feel+ ( deliv]ance1 ! inw>d assurance ( salvation4 ,x is n surpris+1 la/ly1 t ^! two k9ds ( k or ( c]titude %\ld spr+ up & propagate !mselves by diff]5t means4 ,objective sci5ce transmits itself by objective demon/ration4 ,! subjective life ( ! savant has no?+ to d ) x4 ,to conv9ce u ( ! reality ( 8 discov]ies1 an a/ronom] does n ne$ to be a good man4 ,on ! contr>y1 a fundam5tally immoral man w always be a dete/able pr(essor ( e?ics4 ,religion is only propagat$ by religi\s m54 ,x may also be add$ t1 9 religi\s k1 ! intellectual demon/ration or ! idea has no value except 9 s f> z x s]ves z ! expression & ! vehicle ( ! p]sonal life ( ! subject4 ,?is is ! secret & ! my/]y ( eloqu5ce4 ,! si vis me fl]e1 dol5dum1 is true 9 all ! moral discipl9es1 z mu* & m ?an 9 ae/hetics4 ,"o ga9s no?+ by attempt+ to demon/rate objectively ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,t demon/ration is ineffective t[>ds ^? :o h no piety2 = ^? :o h1 x is sup]flu\s4 ,! true religi\s propag&a is effect$ by inw>d contagion4 ,ex vivo vivus nascitur4 ,accuracy 9 !ology is mu* less important 9 religion ?an w>m? ( piety4 ,pitiful argum5ts h 9 all ages be5 foll[$ by admirable conv]sions4 ,^? :o are sc&alis$ at ?is h n yet p5etrat$ into ! ess5ce ( religi\s fai?4 ,= want ( ?is cle> & frank sep>ation betwe5 our two ord]s ( k1 "o sees1 on ! "o h&1 philosoph]s pret5d+ to trans=m e?ics & philosophy into objective sci5ce1 &1 on ! o!r1 savants naively giv+ =? _! objective sci5ce z a metaphysic & z a solution ( ! enigma ( life4 ,two illusions1 9 ^: tra9 ev]y?+ is mix$ up & f\nd$4 ,objective e?ics are ev]y?+ y c\ld wi%--except e?ics4 ,y might z well speak ( a r\nd squ>e4 ,:5 an objective sci5ce trans=ms itself into metaphysics1 x ceases to be sci5ce & becomes subjective philosophy4 ,?is goes )\t say+4 ,& yet1 9 di/+ui%+ ! two ord]s we mu/ n isolate !m1 nor above all mu/ we lose sight ( _! solid>ity1 _! close connection1 & correspond5ce4 ,! subject is "o1 & has a cle> consci\sness ( 8 unity2 t is :y he always t5ds t[>ds a syn!sis4 ,ph5om5al sci5ce _c complete itself )\t borr[+ f ! subjective consci\sness ( ! ego ! ideas ( unity1 ( plan1 & ( h>mony4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! moral & religi\s consci\sness1 9 ord] to express itself1 ne$s to borr[ f ph5om5al sci5ce ! data :i* x uses1 &1 consequ5tly1 x %\ld always avoid contradict+ !m4 ,?us we t5d t[>ds ! syn!tic h>mony ( a cont9u\s ef=t & ( an indefectible fai?2 b we disc>d none ! less resolutely ! philosophy ( logical unity4 ,we ob/9ately refuse to admit t ! subjective ord] c ev] be d$uc$1 by way ( consequ5ce & application1 f ! objective ord] ( k3 t is ! error ( mat]iali/ic ,pan!ism2 &1 vice v]sa1 t ! objective ord] ( ph5om5al sci5ce c or ought to be d$uc$ f ! religi\s or moral ord]3 t is ! opposite error ( all ! dogmatisms4 ,! m5tal _c be simply r$uc$ to ! physical1 or ! physical entirely to ! m5tal4 ,we mu/ respect ! fruitful ant9omies ( life f :i* ! necess>y progress spr+s4 ,! t5d5cy t[>ds h>mony is !re1 n ! h>mony itself4 ,?is is ! rew>d promis$1 ! aim propos$1 to ef=t4 ,our philosophy ought to reg>d ! spiritual life 9 its becom+--t is to say1 9 its gr[? & 9 its conflicts1 )\t wi%+1 l all ideali/ & mat]iali/ speculations1 to make ( ! actual & transi5t mom5t ! et]nal metaphysical reality4 #e4 ,teleology ,subjective 9 ess5ce & orig91 religi\s k is teleological 9 its proc$ure1 & ?is second *>act]i/ic spr+s f ! fir/4 ,teleology is ! =m ( all organic life & ( all consci\s activity4 ,n[1 :at is moral k b ! !ory ( ! consci\s life ( _s8 ,)\t ! pr9ciple ( causation1 ph5om5a1 9 sci5ce1 w\ld n be connect$2 )\t ! idea ( end1 or pr9ciple ( direction1 biological & psy*ical facts c\ld n be organis$--t is to say1 hi]>*is$4 ,me*anism & teleology3 ^! !n are ! two new t]ms = ! anti!sis =m$ by ! k ( ,nature & religi\s k4 ,b x is a prejudice to believe t ! "o =m ( explanation excludes ! o!r or r5d]s x sup]flu\s4 ,we h examples to ! contr>y n only 9 ! ma*9es con/ruct$ by man1 b also 9 all liv+ organisms1 9 :i*1 accord+ to ,claude ,b]n>d1 ! directive idea ( life is realis$ 9 an absolute det]m9ism4 ,! me*anical explanation ( ph5om5a & ! det]m9ism ( sci5ce only become exclusive ( teleology :5 !y are trans=m$ into metaphysical mat]ialism--t is to say1 :5 x is affirm$1 a priori1 & by a subjective act1 t !re is no?+ 9 ! univ]se b matt] & ! movem5ts ( matt]4 ,b !n1 x is cle> t mat]ialism1 :i* believes itself to be sci5tific1 becomes a philosophy1 & l all o!r philosophies x falls "u ! jurisdiction n only ( ! objective sci5ce ( ! _w1 b ( ! consci\sness ( ! ego4 ,! ideas ( cause & end spr+ f "o & ! same s\rce4 ,! idea ( cause awak5s 9 u because ! ego1 z soon z x kn[s itself1 has ! cle> s5se ( be+ ! au?or ( its acts2 x has ?is s5se by t ( ! v ef=t t x has made4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 x kn[s t x made t ef=t ) a view to an end :i* attract$ x4 ,cause & end1 !re=e1 are ! two aspects ( ! same consci\s act4 ,! "o is ! backw>d glance ( ! consci\sness2 ! o!r is its =w>d look4 ,z we only "k ! _w by reflect+ x 9 ! mirror ( our consci\sness1 x foll[s t ! two categories ( cause & end impose !mselves on our und]/&+ ) an equal necessity4 ,!re is ano!r consequ5ce ( ?is psy*ological obs]vation4 ,! consci\sness ( ! ego is "o2 nei!r ! idea ( cause nor ! idea ( end1 by itself1 w\ld suffice to expla9 ! :ole univ]se to me4 ,x is easy to see at a glance t ! objective sci5ce ( ph5om5a is n & nev] c be complet$4 ,! *a9 into :i* x introduces ea* p>ticul> ph5om5on z a new l9k is indef9itely l5g!n$ by sci5tific progress1 9 "t & space1 b )\t ! p[] to hang on any:]e4 ,outside space & "t1 ! pr9ciple ( causation only eng5d]s insoluble ant9omies4 ,besides1 to expla9 "o ph5om5on by ano!r is to expla9 x by a cause :i* itself ne$s explanation4 ,! me*anical reason ( ?+s is !re=e nev] a suffici5t reason4 ,x is an indef9ite s]ies ( insuffici5t p>ticul> reasons4 ,! network ( sci5ce1 h[ev] f9e & firm x be1 does n cov]1 & _c cov] all reality4 ,! ,cosmos t sci5ce builds is l ! globe2 x floats 9 imm5sity4 ,:]e1 ,o ,"l1 goes ! e>? ?r\gh ! heav5s8 ,to ?is "q teleology alone responds4 ,b e teleological affirmation respect+ ! univ]se is a religi\s affirmation4 ,sci5ce1 /udy+ only accompli%$ facts1 nev] e/abli%es any?+ b ph5om5a & _! antec$5t or concomitant conditions4 ,once ! ph5om5on is integrat$ 9 ! causal s]ies1 ! task ( sci5ce is accompli%$4 ,to ask x to g fur!r is to ask x to g beyond its limits & to d5aturalise itself4 ,y c only put teleology into ! univ]se by affirm+ ! sov]eignty ( _s4 ,to say t !re is reason1 t !re is ?\ght1 9 ?+s--t !y move t[>ds an end or realise an ord]1 a h>mony1 a good3 ?is is to say t matt] is subord9ate to _s4 ,n[1 to affirm ?is sov]eignty ( _s is to commit t act ( initial religi\s fai? ( :i* ,i spoke at ! beg9n+2 x is to feel 9 "o's self & 9 ! _w some?+ besides matt]1 ! my/]i\s en]gy ( _s4 ,?is act ( fai?--legitimate because inevitable--belongs to ! subjective ord] ( religi\s life1 n to ! objective ord] ( sci5ce4 ,teleology & ! !ory ( f9al causes h be5 compromis$ because _! specific "* has be5 mi/ak52 !y h sometimes be5 assimilat$ to1 & sometimes sub/itut$ =1 me*anical causes 9 ! explanation ( ph5om5a4 ,= an unkn[n sci5tific explanation has be5 sub/itut$ an appeal to a sup]natural int5tion or volition ( ,god4 ,! savants rightly prote/$ aga9/ ?is4 ,god1 :o is ! f9al reason ( ev]y?+1 is ! sci5tific explanation ( no?+4 ,! object ( sci5ce is to se>* = second causes2 :]e ^! d n appe> !re is no sci5ce4 ,x is fai? :i* replaces x4 ,to say t ,god creat$ ! _w1 or t ! _w t5ds t[>d ! sov]eign good1 is n to advance positive sci5ce a s+le /ep4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ra91 or ?und]1 or ! fall ( bodies1 is to dissipate "s my?ological conceptions2 b x is n to suppress ! religi\s affirmation ( _s t ! me*anism ( ! univ]se has an end1 & t ! laws ( gravitation & ! mat]ial =ces s]ve "s purpose ( :i* !y are ignorant1 & :i* is ( m value ?an !mselves4 ,betwe5 ! discov]ies ( sci5ce & ! po/ulates ( ! religi\s & moral life !re is always necess>ily =m$ a syn!sis :i* is de/roy$ at ea* /ep1 b :i* rises aga9 high] & l>g] ?an be=e4 ,me*anism itself1 9 ord] to be intelligible1 calls = teleology4 ,! text ( ! mat]ial _w awaits ! int]pretation t _s gives ( x4 ,by its discov]ies positive sci5ce e/abli%es ! text4 ,)\t ?is rigor\s e/abli%m5t ( ! text1 ! exegesis ( consci\sness rema9s a phantasy4 ,b1 )\t t exegesis1 ! text itself signifies no?+2 x is almo/ z if x did n exi/4 ,!re is ano!r reason1 a practical reason1 :i* makes ( teleology ! v ess5ce ( ! religi\s consci\sness4 ,we mu/ nev] lose sight ( ! fact t :at we seek 9 & by religion is ! key to ! enigma ( life4 ,! enigma ( ! univ]se only torm5ts u1 at ! religi\s po9t ( view1 because we believe t 9 ?is is ! secret ( t4 ,we are emb>k$ 9 ! vessel1 & we see cle>ly en\gh t our de/9y dep5ds ^u its own4 ,t is :y religi\s fai?1 p]fectly indiff]5t to ! ar*itecture & to ! ways & means ( ! con/ruction ( ! vessel1 reg>ds above all ! direction 9 :i* ! sails are set1 & seeks to discov] ! r\te :i* is be+ foll[$4 ,has x a compass8 ,& is !re "s "o at ! helm8 ,9 o!r words1 ! religi\s in/9ct is ! press+ ne$ t _s has to gu>antee itself aga9/ ! p]petual m5aces ( ,nature4 ,fai? judges ev]y?+ f ! po9t ( view ( ! sov]eign good1 & ! sov]eign good1 = _s1 c only be ! f9al & complete expansion ( ! life ( ! _s4 ,!re=e1 9 e religi\s notion !re w nev]1 at bottom1 be any?+ b a teleological judgm5t4 ,x is n ! ess5ce ( ?+s--x is _! reciprocal value & _! hi]>*y :i* int]e/ religi\s fai?4 ,9 ! religi\s notion ( ,god x is n ! metaphysical nature--x is ! w ( ,god 9 reg>d to m5--:i* is ( mo/ conc]n2 & 9 ! religi\s notion ( ! _w x is n ! me*anical cause ( ph5om5a--x is to "k :i* way ! _w is go+1 & :e!r x has any o!r end to s]ve ?an z ! !atre & ! organ ( _s4 ,:at does fai? itself desire to say :5 x def9es ,god z ! ,et]nal & ,almighty ,_s1 except t man ne$s to affirm t 8 own individual _s does n dep5d on any b a spiritual p[] l himself8 ,x is true t to det]m9e ?is f9al cause ( ! _w is also to det]m9e its fir/ cause4 ,x is ! same ?+ 9 o!r t]ms2 & inde$ x is to make metaphysics 9 ! etymological s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! important po9t is to "k t ?is decisive /ep beyond ! *a9 ( visible ph5om5a1 :e!r x be tak5 by ! philosoph] or ! !ologian1 is always an act ( subjective life1 an affirmation ( _s1 an act ( fai?1 & n a demon/ration ( sci5ce4 #f4 ,symbolism ,?irdly1 & la/ly1 religi\s k is symbolical4 ,all ! notions x =ms & organises1 f ! fir/ metaphor creat$ by religi\s feel+ to ! mo/ ab/ract !ological speculation1 are necess>ily inadequate to _! object4 ,!y are nev] equival5t1 z 9 ! case ( ! exact sci5ces4 ,! reason is easy to discov]4 ,! object ( religion is transc5d5t2 x is n a ph5om5on4 ,n[1 9 ord] to express t object1 our imag9ation has no?+ at its disposal b ph5om5al images1 & our und]/&+1 logical categories1 :i* d n g beyond space & "t4 ,religi\s k is !re=e oblig$ to express ! invisible by ! visible1 ! et]nal by ! tempor>y1 spiritual realities by s5sible images4 ,x c only speak 9 p>ables4 ,! !ory ( religi\s k requires = its completion a !ory ( symbols & symbolism4 ,:at is a symbol8 ,to express ! invisible & spiritual by ! s5sible & mat]ial--su* is its pr9cipal *>act]i/ic & its ess5tial function4 ,x is a liv+ organism1 9 :i* we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 appe>ance & sub/ance4 ,x is a s\l 9 a body4 ,! body is ! manife/ation ( ! s\l1 al?\gh x is n l x2 x makes ! s\l active & pres5t4 ,! mo/ p]fect example ( symbolism1 9 ?is respect1 is f\nd 9 language & writ+--two inc>nations ( ?\ght4 ,nei!r ! *>act]s =m$ by my p51 nor ! s\nd made by ! air 9 my l>ynx1 h a positive resemblance to my ?\ght4 ,b ^! lett]s & s\nds become signs to ^? :o h ! key to !m4 ,!y express ! intangible ?\ght2 !y make x pres5t & liv+ 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o read or he>4 ,?is is /ill tru] ( ! creations ( art4 ,!y also are m]e symbols4 ,art might be def9$ z ! ef=t to en%r9e ! ideal 9 ! real1 & by a mat]ial =m to express ! inexpressible4 ,?is is cle>ly taught by ! ^w poesy1 :i* means creation4 ,! works ( great arti/s really live2 = !y h a s\l1 a ri* & int5se life1 :i* ! mat]ial =m at once conceals & reveals4 ,f ar*itecture to music !re is n an art t is n symbolical4 ,e?ics1 religion1 all ! discipl9es relat+ to ! subjective life ( _s1 h only ?is means ( expression4 ,x is _! peculi>ity to become ext]ior & objective1 & to dom9ate ! ext]nal ?+s t sci5ce /udies4 ,symbols1 mu* bett] ?an sci5ce1 atte/ ! victory & ! royalty ( _s4 ,if sci5ce reveals ,nature1 symbols make ( ,nature1 ( its trans=mations & its laws1 ! glorifi$ image ( ! inn] life ( _s4 ,born 9 ! arti/'s s\l1 ( ! subjective activity ( 8 ego1 ! symbol addresses itself mu* less to ! pure intellect ?an to ! inn] life & to ! emotions ( ^? :o contemplate x4 ,x awakes & sets 9 motion ! subjective activity ( ! ego2 x has produc$ its :ole effect :5 x has produc$ 9 u ! emotions1 ! transport1 ! en?usiasm1 ! fai?1 t ! poet himself exp]i5c$ 9 eng5d]+ x4 ,su* is ! s\rce & ! explanation ( ! magic ( art1 ( eloqu5ce1 ( religi\s inspiration4 ,all ! creators ( liv+ symbols p\r _! s\l into our s\l1 _! life into our life4 ,!y subjugate & ravi% u4 ,by symbols1 mu* bett] ?an by sci5tific notions1 ! community & frat]nity ( spirits is realis$1 & ! fusion ( s\ls into a collective consci\sness effect$2 a consci\sness :i* includes all individual m9ds & tunes !m into h>mony2 ! consci\sness ( a nation1 ( a *ur*1 ( humanity4 ,x is n sci5ce t rules ! _w--x is symbols4 ,inf]ior to ! exact ideas ( sci5ce 9 logical cle>ness1 symbolic =ms are sup]ior to !m 9 p[] & rea*4 ,sci5ce is =cibly arre/$ at ! surface ( ?+s1 at ! appe>ances cont9ually aris+ 9 ! univ]se4 ,9 x is f\nd nei!r ! pr9ciple ( en]gy1 nor1 consequ5tly1 ! secret ( life1 or ! key to our de/9y4 ,y seek ! mean+ & ! end ( y\r action2 y ask = "s suffici5t reason = liv+2 d y n feel t x is contradictory to address y\rself to ! sci5ce ( ph5om5a1 see+ t1 f ! /rictly sci5tific po9t ( view1 ph5om5a h n 9 !mselves _! own raison d'etre8 ,t :i* y seek is beyond ph5om5a1 & x is symbols alone t c1 n make y compreh5d x1 b reveal x to y4 ,s9ce ,nature may become & does become1 9 art & 9 religion1 ! con/ant symbol ( ! inn] life ( _s & ( its normal developm5t1--s9ce x is susceptible ( ?is p]petual & glori\s transfiguration by _s1--x is impossible n to admit ! inn] correspond5ce ( ! laws ( ,nature & ! laws ( consci\s life1 & to believe 9 _! deep unity4 ,x is1 9 fact1 secret & p[]ful analogies :i* rule & inspire symbolical creations4 ,art & religion are m ?an conv5tions2 !y are revelations ( t :i* is hidd5 at once 9 _s & 9 ,nature1 ( ! pr9ciple ( ,be+ itself1 ( ! absolute en]gy :i* is manife/$1 p>allelly1 9 ! unfold+ ( ! physical univ]se & ( ! moral univ]se4 ,all ?+s cov] "s my/]y2 ph5om5a are simply veils4 ,t is :y1 by _! v de/9ation1 !y become symbols4 ,! idea ( symbol & ! idea ( my/]y are correlative4 ,:o says symbol says at ! same "t occultation & revelation4 ,9 becom+ pres5t & ev5 s5sible1 ! liv+ v]ity /ill rema9s veil$4 ,! same image t reveals x to ! he>t rema9s = ! intellect an impassable b>ri]4 ,"o may say ( x :at ! poet says ( ! s5se ( ! inf9ite1 =1 at bottom1 x is ! same ?+4 ,we are re/less because we see x b c nev] compreh5d x4 ,?is inquietude is soo!d by a cle> k ( ! cause f :i* x spr+s4 ,symbols are ! only language suit$ to religion4 ,we ne$ to "k t :i* we adore2 = no "o adores t ( :i* he has no p]ception2 b x is n less necess>y t we %\ld n compreh5d x1 = "o does n adore t :i* he compreh5ds too cle>ly1 because to compreh5d is to dom9ate4 ,su* is ! tw(old & contradictory condition ( piety1 to :i* symbols seem to be made expressly 9 ord] to respond4 ,piety has nev] _h any o!r language4 ,9 consid]ations ( ?is k9d might be f\nd ! explanation ( ! bond :i* 9 ! beg9n+ unites religion & art4 ,b we mu/ conf9e ourselves to our special topic1 & proce$ to inquire :at x is t con/itutes ! life & p[] ( religi\s symbols4 ,x w\ld be an illusion to believe t a religi\s symbol repres5ts ,god 9 ,himself1 & t its value1 !re=e1 dep5ds on ! exactitude ) :i* x repres5ts ,him4 ,! true cont5t ( ! symbol is entirely subjective3 x is ! consci\s relation ( ! subject to ,god1 or r1 x is ! way he feels himself affect$ by ,god4 ,?us :5 ! ,psalmi/ exclaims3 ,! ,"l is my rock2 or ,god is a dev\r+ fire2 :5 ! ,*ri/ tea*es u to say1 ,our ,fa!r1--^! are n sci5tific1 & 9 ?is case metaphysical1 def9itions ( ,god4 ,:at ^! images simply translate is ! relation ( absolute confid5ce1 ( awe1 ( filial love1 :i*1 by ,8 my/]i\s action1 ! ,_s ( ,god creates 9 reveal+ ,himself 9 ! _s ( man4 ,f ^! div]s feel+s spr+ spontane\sly ! /rong & simple images :i* translate !m1 & :i*1 if ^! subjective exp]i5ces are elim9at$1 h no cont5t & no tru?4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we may see 9 :at religi\s inspiration psy*ologically consi/s4 ,nei!r its aim nor its effect is to communicate to m5 exact1 objective1 ready-made ideas on t :i* by its nature is unkn[able "u ! sci5tific mode2 b x consi/s 9 an enri*m5t & exaltation ( ! inn] life ( its subject2 x sets 9 motion 8 inw>d religi\s activity1 s9ce x is 9 t t ,god reveals ,himself2 x excites new feel+s1 con/itut+ new concrete relations ( ,god to man1 & by ! fact ( ?is creative activity x spontane\sly eng5d]s new images & new symbols1 ( :i* ! real cont5t is precisely ?is revelation ( ! ,god-_s 9 ! inn] life ( ! _s ( man4 ,! greate/ initiators 9 ! religi\s ord] h be5 ! greate/ creators ( symbols4 ,prophecy1 9 ! ,biblical s5se ( ! ^w1 has nev] giv5 div9e revelation except 9 ! =m ( images4 ,& :5ce spr+ ^! images b f ! exaltation ( ! religi\s life ( ! prophet :i* spontane\sly expresses itself )\t8 ,e o!r conception ( inspiration is anti-psy*ological4 ,to ! "q1 ,:5ce come ! life & p[] ( symbols8 we reply3 ,f ! primitive organic unity ( ! s5tim5t ( piety1 & ( ! image :i* translates x fir/ to consci\sness4 ,x is ! organic unity ( s\l & body4 ,! great] ! creative =ce t eng5d]s ! symbol1 ! /rong] is ?is unity4 ,x con/itutes its tru? because x con/itutes its life4 ,= a symbol1 to be liv+ x suffices t x %\ld be s9c]e1 t ! feel+ %\ld n be sep>ate f ! image1 nor ! image f ! feel+4 ,to ?is cry ( confid5ce 9 ,god1 ,! ,"l is my rock1 !re is no objection1 s long z ?is confid5ce is really felt1 al?\gh a rock is a v poor image ( ,god4 ,x foll[s t ! value ( a symbol mu/ n be measur$ by ! nature ( ! image employ$1 b by ! moral value1 9 ! scale ( feel+1 ( ! relation 9 :i* x places u to ,god4 ,x is ! moral value ( ?is relation :i* alone makes ! intr9sic value ( a religion1 & :i* p]mits u to assign to x its true place 9 ! developm5t ( humanity4 ,! "t comes1 h[ev]1 :5 ! image deta*es itself f ! feel+ t produc$ x1 & :5 x fixes itself z su* 9 ! memory4 ,9 consid]+ x 9 itself1 reflection trans=ms ! image into an idea m or less ab/ract1 & takes ?is idea = a repres5tation ( ! object ( religion4 ,b !n arises ! orig9al discrepancy t we not$ at ! outset betwe5 ! object ( religion1 :i* is transc5d5t1 & ! nature ( ! ph5om5al image by :i* we attempt to repres5t x4 ,h5ce !re is a lat5t contradiction 9 e symbolic idea4 ,to get rid ( ?is contradiction ! und]/&+ is oblig$ to elim9ate f ^! ideas ! s5sible elem5t :i* rema9s 9 !m & r5d]s !m inadequate to _! object4 ,by progressive g5]alisation & ab/raction1 reason+ att5uates ! primitive metaphor2 x we>s x d[n z on a gr9d/one4 ,b1 :5 ! metaphorical elem5t has disappe>$1 ! notion itself vani%es 9 s f> z x is a positive notion4 ,!re are my/]i\s lamps :i* only burn "u an alaba/] globe4 ,y may ?9 away ! solid envelope to make x m transp>5t4 ,b m9d y d n break x2 = ! flame inside w !n g out & leave y 9 ! d>k4 ,s ) all our g5]al ideas ( ! object ( religion4 ,:5 e metaphorical elem5t is elim9at$ f !m1 !y become simply negative1 contradictory1 & lose all real cont5t4 ,su* are our pure ideas ( ! inf9ite & ! absolute4 ,if y w\ld give !m a positive "*1 y mu/ put into !m "s elem5t ( positive exp]i5ce4 ,?is is :at is done :5 x is said t ,god is ! ultimate en]gy ( ?+s1 t ,he is ! creative cause ( ev]y?+1 t ,he is ,ju/ice1 t ,he is ,_s1 a ,judge1 a ,fa!r4 ,born ( ! primitive symbols ( religion1 all our religi\s ideas w !re=e necess>ily keep _! symbolical "* to ! end4 ,z is ! se$1 s is ! plant4 ,dogmatics itself w nev] be = ! religi\s s\l any?+ b a high] symbolism--t is to say1 a =m :i*1 )\t ! inw>d pres5ce ( active & liv+ fai?1 w\ld be wor?less4 ,if dogmas may su/a9 & produce fai?1 x is /ill m true t1 at ! outset1 x is fai? :i* produces dogmas & aft]w>ds revives !m4 ,_m good m5 )/& ^! conclusions f a rigor\s analysis ( religi\s k & ( its psy*ological g5esis4 ,suppos+ y are "r1 !y say1 & t ! m5tal con/itution ( our spiritual nature conf9es religi\s ?\ght to symbolic =ms1 _c a sup]natural revelation enable u to pass beyond ^! limits & br+ to u religi\s ideas adequate to _! object1 & consequ5tly ( a pure & absolute tru?8 ,?is seems to u a v /range desire--t a revelation ( ,god %\ld be effect$ ap>t f ! conditions ( k--t is to say1 ap>t f ! =ms "u :i* alone x c be accessible to u4 ,d !y n see t ! v idea ( revelation soon becomes contradictory8 ,if ,god wi%$ to make u a gift t we c\ld receive1 mu/ ,he n h suit$ ! =m ( x to t ( our m9d8 ,mu/ ,he n h avail$ ,himself ( our ideas & ( our language 9 ord] to expla9 to u ! nature ( ,8 b5efits8 ,n[1 x is c]ta9 t our ideas1 z soon z !y are transport$ outside space & "t1 contradict & de/roy !mselves1 & t we are r$uc$ to ! necessity ( conceiv+ & express+ ?+s invisible & et]nal by images actual & t]re/rial4 ,if ,god1 9 speak+ to u ( ,8 my/]ies1 us$ o!r ?an ^! human means1 we %\ld n und]/& ,him at all1 s t ! revelation w\ld no long] be a revelation4 ,& is x n = ?is reason t :5 ,god has desir$ to reveal ,himself to m5 ,he has nev] employ$ any b m5 z ,8 organs1 & t ,he :om we "n ,8 ,son nev] spoke except 9 images & p>ables ( ! ?+s ( ! k+dom ( ,god8 ,no "o 9 fact 0 fond] & m intellig5tly fond ( ?is symbolical =m ?an ! ,*ri/2 ,he nev] wi%$ to employ any o!r4 ,?is pref]5ce did n arise1 z is suppos$1 m]ely f ! fact t ,he f\nd x a happy means ( popul>ity to adapt ,himself to all m9ds4 ,he also knew t no language 0 m natural or m con=m$ to ! moral exig5cies ( piety4 ,he saw 9 x an in/itution orda9$ by ,god ,himself4 ,& x is ! tru?4 ,! ,p>able addresses itself1 n to ! pure und]/&+1 b to ! active faculty ( ! ego1 to ! he>t4 ,x appeals to our subjective life2 x awak5s ! religi\s ne$ be=e satisfy+ x4 ,! s\l :i* he>s x m$itates1 & exp]i5ces ! liv+ cont5t t x conta9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! s\l t is in]t & dead f9ds no?+ 9 ! symbol & receives no?+ f x ev5 !oretically1 s t x is lit]ally true t ! symbolic =m1 a %9+ revelation unto "s1 rema9s a dull & empty lett] = o!rs4 ,x is f ?is po9t ( view alone t x is possible to und]/& t o!r say+ ( ,jesus1 s p>adoxical to common s5se1 s ri* & j to ! eyes ( exp]i5ce & ( fai?3 ,to him t ha? %all be giv52 f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away t :i* he ha?4 ,! gift ( ,god comes only to ! felt ne$ & ! active desire ( man4 #g4 ,conclusion ,! conclusion f all t has n[ be5 said is t religi\s k is subject to ! law ( trans=mation :i* regulates all ! manife/ations ( human life & ?\ght4 ,z !re is disproportion & disp>ity betwe5 ! object ( religion & its means ( expression1 x w always be possible & necess>y to di/+ui%1 9 all its creations1 betwe5 ! =m & ! sub/ance1 ! body & ! s\l4 ,religi\s symbolism w !re=e always be v v>iable de facto1 b subject1 de jure1 to new int]pretations4 ,?is v>iability1 h[ev]1 is n unlimit$4 ,x is necess>ily conf9$ )9 limits :i*1 :ile n easy to def9e !oretically1 are none ! less precise & fix$2 = ! great religi\s creations are organisms1 & e organism c>ries 9 itself1 det]m9$ by its own nature1 ! exact capacity ( its metamorphoses4 ,9 e liv+ organism1 9 fact1 !re is a pr9ciple ( /ability & a pr9ciple ( movem5t4 ,! id5tity ( a human be+ p]si/s ?r\gh all ! modifications1 int]nal & ext]nal1 :i* he und]goes4 ,s ) ! language ( a p2 & s ) e hi/orical religion4 ,its fundam5tal & regulative pr9ciple is ! relation x e/abli%es betwe5 ! s\l & ,god4 ,! =m or ext]nal realisation ( ?is pr9ciple dep5ds1 no d\bt1 on ! race1 ! geographical environm5t1 ! hi/orical p]iod4 ,x w v>y !re=e ) ^! circum/ances4 ,b ! religi\s type or organic pr9ciple rema9+ ! same1 ?is religion w appe> ! same ?r\gh\t ! incessant movem5t ( its dogmas1 rites1 & symbols4 ,?is is ! v condition ( its life4 ,=ms :i* _c b5d1 symbols ^: fre% & liv+ int]pretation is exhau/$1 a rigid body t no long] assimilates or elim9ates any ext]nal elem5t1 repres5t a /ate ( /]ility & dea?1 to be foll[$ by a spe$y dissolution4 ,pi\s m5 are "r 9 cl++ ob/9ately to ! /ability ( _! pr9ciple ( piety1 b !y ought to cl+ z t5aci\sly to ! r5ewal ( =ms & ideas 9 _! religion2 = ?is is ! only pro( t _! treasure has kept its value1 & _! religi\s pr9ciple its organis+ virtue4 ,! life ( a religion is measur$ by ?is p[] ( adaptation & r5ovation4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is ! univ]sal & et]nal religion1 x is because its virtuality 9 ?is respect is inf9ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ,i close1 let me try to prev5t two misund]/&+s4 ,9 say+ t 9 dogmas we mu/ di/+ui% ! religi\s sub/ance & ! intellectual =m1 ,i d n mean t we ei!r c or ought to isolate !m f ea* o!r1 or t we c ev] hope to h !m sep>ately4 ,piety is only consci\s = u & disc]nible by o!rs :5 inc>nate 9 its expression or intellectual image4 ,a religion )\t doctr9e1 a piety )\t ?\ght1 a feel+ )\t expression1 ^! are ?+s ess5tially contradictory4 ,x is z va9 to wi% to seize pure piety1 z 9 philosophy x is to seek to def9e ! ?+ 9 itself4 ,:5 we speak ( ! inw>d religi\s fact1 !n1 ( pi\s exp]i5ce1 we d n speak ( a b>e exp]i5ce2 we speak ( a psy*ological ph5om5on1 ( a precise &1 consequ5tly1 =mulat$ exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! second place1 = religi\s sci5ce1 x is n a "q ( isolat$ exp]i5ce1 ( ! exp]i5ce ( a s+le individual4 ,! mat]ial w\ld be too prec>i\s1 & ! field ( obs]vation too limit$4 ,! "q ref]s to ! individual life 9 its cont9uity1 & to ! life ( ! religi\s society consid]$ 9 its hi/orical developm5t4 ,a social & univ]sal z mu* & ev5 m ?an x is an individual fact1 x is 9 ! social life ( ! species1 9 organis$ religi\s societies1 9 _! in/itutions1 _! common wor%ip1 _! liturgy1 _! rules ( fai? & discipl9e1 t religion objectively realises its fundam5tal pr9ciple1 manife/s its inn] s\l1 & develops all its p[]4 ,x is only z a social manife/ation t x c become an object ( sci5tific /udy1 & t x has ne$ ( explanation4 ,moreov]1 a religi\s life :i* rema9s hidd5 9 ! individual consci\sness1 :i* does n communicate itself1 :i* does n create any spiritual solid>ity1 any frat]nity ( s\l1 is z if x 7 n2 x is a m]e film ( feel+1 an ephem]al poetic fl[]1 :i* has no m effect on ! individual himself ?an x has on ! human race4 ,f ^! consid]ations spr+s a me?od4 ,! dogmatic treatm5t ( religi\s k w h = its subject ! tradition ( ! religi\s society z x is fix$1 cons]v$1 & develop$ 9 its hi/oric monum5ts4 ,x w consid] t tradition f ! symbolic po9t ( view1 z ! objective revelation ( ! inn] life ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( its piety4 ,! tradition w !n appe> n z some?+ dead & immutable1 b z a p[] cont9u+ 9 ourselves4 ,to grasp ?is s\l 9 its fruitful cont9uity & 9 ! p]petual r5ewal ( ! ext]nal organism2 to compreh5d !m 9 _! liv+ unity2 to tell ! /ory ( ! g5esis ( dogmas & _! endless metamorphoses z a con/ant & necess>y inc>nation ( ! pr9ciple t is manife/$ 9 !m2 to foll[ ?is un9t]rupt$ *a9 9 hi/ory1 & prolong x into our own life1--su* is ! me?od1 at once critical & positive1 cons]vative & progressive1 firm 9 piety & always def]5tial to sci5ce1 :i* critical symbolism enables u to apply to all religi\s creations4 ,! error ( t =m ( religi\s k call$ ,or?odoxy is t ( =gett+ ! hi/orically & psy*ologically condition$ "* ( all doctr9es1 & ( desir+ to raise into ! absolute t :i* is born 9 "t1 & :i* mu/ necess>ily modify itself 9 ord] to live 9 "t4 ,impot5t to arre/ ! curr5t ( ideas & ! movem5t ( m9ds1 x c only e/abli% its rule by political measures1 by regulations enact$ & appli$ l civil laws--decisions ( popes1 bi%ops1 or synods1 trials = h]esy1 dogmatic tribunals4 ,or?odoxy has lo/ ! s5se ( ! symbolical "* ( ,confessions ( ,fai?1 :i*1 h[ev]1 x /ill names symbols4 ,its mis=tune & its fail+ is to be anti-hi/orical4 ,! error ( ,rationalism1 at once ! bro!r & ! enemy ( or?odoxy1 is ( ! same nature1 b x is produc$ 9 an opposite s5se4 ,x does n lose sight ( ! imp]fect & prec>i\s "* ( traditional dogmas & symbols2 x exagg]ates x2 b x loses sight ( _! specifically religi\s cont5ts4 ,or?odoxy is mi/ak5 z to ! nature ( ! body ( religion2 rationalism z to ! nature ( its s\l4 ,b5ea? ! old traditional ideas x seeks = o!r ideas1 moral or rational ideas1 fre] f s5sible elem5ts1 & less contradictory1 :i* x mi/akes = ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,x replaces dogmas by o!r dogmas :i* x believes to be m simple1 & :i* x reg>ds z absolute tru?4 ,b 9 giv+ to religion a rational or doctr9al cont5t1 x empties x ( its real cont5t1 ( specific religi\s exp]i5ce2 x kills fai?1 :i* no long] hav+ an object ( its own1 no long] has a raison d'etre4 ,x has less lik+ ?an or?odoxy = symbolism & = religi\s creations2 x is radically impossible = x to compreh5d1 & consequ5tly to int]pret1 !m4 ,! *ief vice & ! mis=tune ( rationalism is to be anti-religi\s4 ,! !ory ( ,critical ,symbolism1 ^: broad outl9es we h trac$1 w br+ u out ( ?is old anti!sis4 ,x %[s to u ! k9d ( tru? & ! legitimacy possess$ by symbolical ideas1 )\t ignor+ ! psy*ological & hi/orical det]m9ism :i* rules _! =m & _! appe>ance4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t1 f ?is po9t ( view1 ev]y?+ becomes fluid & incon/ant 9 religion--t no?+ 9 x c be fix$ or p]man5t4 ,9 ! progress ( 8 life1 man is de/9$ to realise 8 spiritual nature1 to atta9 to :at ,/4 ,paul calls ! /ature ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* ! religi\s & moral ideal is realis$4 ,?is moral /ature is a reality1 ! highe/ ( all realities4 ,we t5d t[>ds x )\t ceas+1 & ! value ( ea* mom5t ( our inn] life is measur$ by ! progress t x m>ks t[>ds t supreme end4 ,= ?is inn] life !re is a norm :i* imposes itself on ! consci\sness ) an imp]ative necessity1 &1 consequ5tly1 !re may be religi\s symbols :i* are normal & normative 9 relation to o!rs4 ,^! are ! symbols :i* repres5t ) p]fect simplicity & fitness ei!r ?is ideal end ( ! ,*ri/ian life or "s ( ! necess>y mom5ts ?r\gh :i* ! s\l passes on ! way to x4 ,!re are symbols1 9 a ^w1 su* z t ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! ,new ,bir?1 ! ,effusion ( ! ,holy ,_s1 s intimately b\nd up ) our religi\s life1 ) its orig91 its progress1 or its end1 :i* "o _c conceive z disappe>+1 s long z ! spiritual life ( humanity exi/s4 ,all ! exclusively religi\s words ( ,*ri/ :i* be> directly on ! consci\sness are ( ?is numb]4 ,& x is ( !m t ,he 0 able to say )\t be+ contradict$ by ! ages3 ,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b ,my words %all n pass away4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is no less impossible to ignore ! di/9ction we h made 9 symbol betwe5 sub/ance & =m4 ,n[1 ?is di/9ction op5s ! door to criticism4 ,! mo/ cons]vative ( ,*ri/ians confess t m5 may adh]e to a doctr9e )\t hav+ appropriat$ its religi\s cont5t2 t !y may be or?odox )\t be+ pi\s4 ,!y !re=e make x ! duty ( e memb] ( ! ,*ur* to assimilate ! cont5ts ( ! symbol4 ,b h[ c ! duty ( p]sonal assimilation be impos$ )\t ! "r aris+ to critically int]pret ! transmitt$ =ms8 ,is x n a psy*ological necessity = ea* believ] to br+ 8 inn] religi\s consci\sness into h>mony ) 8 g5]al culture8 ,:at if ^! syn!ses & conciliations are necess>ily un/able & prec>i\s because ( ! con/ant developm5t ( life & k8 ,:5 a man is walk+ 8 equilibrium is de/roy$ & re-e/abli%$ at ea* /ep4 ,x is ! v condition ( walk+4 ,symbolism1 :i* ?us makes peace 9 ! individual1 may also effect x 9 religi\s societies4 ,9 ,ca?olicism ! unity ( ! ,*ur* is only ma9ta9$ by a c5tral infallible au?ority & by political means4 ,t au?ority creates peace by impos+ sil5ce4 ,dogmas only subsi/ because no "o conc]ns himself ) !m4 ,c ,prote/ant communities ma9ta9 _! unity by ! same me?od8 ,! ,ca?olic me?od ru9s ,prote/ant communities1 inevitably1 by caus+ s*isms frequ5t 9 proportion z _! life & ?\ght become int5se4 ,! !ory ( symbolism (f]s !m a m hon\rable issue4 ,x p]mits !m to comb9e v5]ation = traditional symbols ) p]fect indep5d5ce ( _s by leav+ to believ]s1 on _! own responsibility1 ! "r to assimilate !m & adapt !m to _! exp]i5ces4 ,!y w atta* !mselves to tradition ) all ! m s9c]ity & zeal z ea* "o is able to f9d 9 x t ( :i* 8 religi\s fai? has ne$4 ,x w be a help & n a yoke4 ,m5 w love x2 !y w def5d x z ! l9k betwe5 ! g5]ations1 z a family h]itage1 z ! place :]e s\ls ( e race & age1 & /age ( sci5tific culture1 meet & m+le & commune4 ,,app5dix ,,reply ,,to ,,criticisms ,be=e lay+ d[n ! p51 ,i ought p]haps to reply to "o or two objections4 ,! fir/ reproa* t has be5 address$ to me is conta9$ 9 ! words1 ,naturali/ic ,evolutionism4 ,a conception m or less mat]iali/ic ( ! univ]se is ?us attribut$ to me1 accord+ to :i*1 l ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,i %\ld expla9 all ?+s by ! s+le law ( evolution1 & end soon] or lat] by r$uc+ ! laws ( ! moral _w to ! laws ( ! physical _w1 s9ce ,i make ( ! fir/ a simple trans=mation ( ! second4 ,ne$ ,i say t ?is is ! v opposite ( my ?\ght8 ,x is true t ,i l to use ! ^w evolution1 & to consid] all ph5om5a 9 _! natural succession4 ,b ?is is n a metaphysical doctr9e2 x is a process ( /udy1 a me?od :i* consi/s 9 ^! two ess5tial rules3 to obs]ve ea* fact z x pres5ts itself2 & to obs]ve x 9 its ord]1 i4e4 9 ! conditions 9 :i* x pres5ts itself1 because a fact only possesses its tru? & value 9 t ord] & succession4 ,on our planet1 moral life em]ges sl[ly & pa9fully out ( organic life4 ,mu/ we !re=e conclude t !re is no m 9 ! "o ?an 9 ! o!r1 & t !y are ( equal value8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,bo? ^! s]ies ( ph5om5a mu/ be plac$ 9 _! relations & connections2 b ! me?od :i* makes !m kn[n to me gives me no m "r to conf\nd !m ?an to sep>ate !m1 to ignore _! diff]5ces ?an to =get _! analogies4 ,x %[s me1 on ! contr>y1 t !re is advance1 real progress f ! "o to ! o!r2 t ! fir/ 9 date has its end 9 ! second2 t !re is a sort ( liv+ & cont9u\s creation1 ea* /age & degree ( :i* reveals new ri*es & new glories4 ,?is is s ?or\ghly ! oasis ( my religi\s philosophy t !re w\ld be m gr\nd or1 at all ev5ts1 m excuse = accus+ me ( d5y+ ! reality ( ! _w ?an ! cont9u\s action ( ! ,div9e ,creator4 ,x is true t ! "o reproa* has n sav$ me f ! o!r4 ,bo? h be5 address$ to me by p]sons :o h n tak5 ! tr\ble to reconcile !m4 ,! accusation ( ,pan!ism1 contradictory z x may seem1 has be5 add$ to t ( ,naturali/ic ,evolutionism4 ,i h be5 made to appe> ! bl9d & docile disciple ( an idealism m or less ,hegelian1 :i* w\ld annihilate ! reality ( second causes 9 ord] to contemplate 9 ! univ]se ! flux & trans=mation ( a fir/ cause or sub/ance1 ( :i* "o might ei!r say t x is ev]y?+ or t x is no?+4 ,b "h1 aga91 !y lose sight ( ! "* ( ! me?od t ,i foll[4 ,x leads me to discov] 9 my consci\sness ! my/]i\s & real co-exi/5ce ( a p>ticul> cause1 :i* is myself1 & ( a univ]sal cause1 :i* is ,god4 ,t1 ,i repeat1 is a my/]y imp5etrable to analysis1 b und5iable by any man :o exam9es himself & ent]s into ! ultimate basis ( 8 life4 ,x is ! my/]y out ( :i* religion spr+s by an inv9cible necessity4 ,n[1 z ?is my/]y is posit$ by me at ! v outset ( my rese>*es1 & ma9ta9$ to ! end1 h[ c !y legitimately reproa* me ) sacrific+ ei!r ( ! two t]ms :i* con/itute x to ! o!r--! fir/ effect ( :i* w\ld be to dissipate & make impossible my !ory ( ! psy*ological orig9 ( religion8 ,9 me1 said ,*>les ,secretan1 lives "s "o great] ?an me--a my/]i\s gue/ ^: univ]sal & et]nal action ,i feel b5ea? ! v>iable ph5om5a ( my empirical activity1 to ,:om1 :5 ,i am good1 confid+1 humble1 brave1 ,i always attribute my goodness1 my fai?1 my c\rage1 my humility1 z to ,him ,i attribute my :ole life4 ,i _c compreh5d ! co-exi/5ce ( ! f9ite & ! inf9ite2 b ?is duality is ev]y:]e4 ,i obs]ve t 9 ! physical z 9 ! moral _w !re is1 9 ea* ph5om5on1 a lat5t =ce1 a sort ( pot5tial en]gy1 :i* raises x & urges x beyond itself4 ,nature is p]petually becom+1 t is to say1 9 p]petual travail4 ,x is n true t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun1 & t ! future mu/ simply repeat ! pa/4 ,creation is n yet complet$4 ,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 said ,jesus4 ,x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be4 ,b ! little t ,i p]ceive ( ! ,div9e "w demon/rates to me t x is progressive1 t x raises & enri*es life at e /ep1 & t ?is progress acc\nts exactly = ! ess5tial ant9omies amid :i* my reason loses itself & my he>t adores4 ,to wi% to r$uce ev]y?+ to unity is to turn ! k+dom ( life into ! doma9 ( dea?4 ,= my "p1 ,i h long s9ce r5\nc$ :at is ju/ly call$ ! philosophy ( id5tity1 t ab/ract dialectic :i*1 ?r[+ all ?+s back to _! po9t ( logical dep>ture1 r5d]s p]fectly incompreh5sible & sup]flu\s ! ephem]al developm5t :i* !y h 9 our consci\sness & 9 hi/ory4 ,! pa9ful contradictions obs]v$ by ,pascal 9 our moral life1 & ! insoluble ant9omies 9 our ?\ght unveil$ by ,kant1 always seem to me to g ne>] to ! bottom ( ?+s ?an ! ontological d$uctions ( ,plato1 ,sp9oza1 & ,hegel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is book ,i h h>dly not$ any b facts t h be5 v]ifi$ 9 myself & by myself4 ,x is true t ,i suppose t e reflective read] is capable ( f9d+ !m & trac+ !m out 9 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,^? :o are able & wi%ful to re-read my book 9 !mselves1 & ?us v]ify my analyses1 may p]haps draw "s pr(it f x4 ,^? :o read me o!rwise w n only lose _! "t & pa9s--!y w misund]/& at e /ep ! mean+ ( my phrases & ! direction ( my ideas4 ,b5ea? my reason+s or my images !y w put o!r ideas & o!r int5tions ?an m9e1 & !y may aft]w>ds1 ) an app>5t good consci5ce1 d$uce f !m ! mo/ t]rible consequ5ces4444 ,philosophical language l5ds itself to all & p]mits all2 & ! mis*ief ( x is t x w\ld be useless to desire to prev5t ^! qu>rels4 ,new explanations only give rise to new misund]/&+s1 & simply s]ve to p]petuate a dispute )\t int]e/ & )\t fruit4 ,we c only repeat ! say+ ( ! anci5t sages ( ,arabia3 ,magna e/ v]itas et praevalebit4 ,,! ,,end