,,! ,,augu/an ,,repr9t ,,society ,,?omas ,,%]idan ,a ,,disc\rse ,,be+ ,,introductory ,,to ,,8 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,lectures ,,on ,,elocution ,,& ,,! ,,engli% ,,language 7#agei7 ,introduction by ,g4 ,p4 ,,mohrmann ,,publication ,,numb] #acf ,,william ,,&rews ,,cl>k ,,memorial ,,libr>y ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia1 ,,los ,,angeles #aifi ,,g5]al ,,editors ,william ,e4 ,conway1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,george ,rob]t ,guffey1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,maximillian ,e4 ,novak1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,,associate ,,editor ,david ,s4 ,rodes1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,,advisory ,,editors ,ri*>d ,c4 ,boys1 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,james ,l4 ,clif=d1 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,ralph ,coh51 ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia ,v9ton ,a4 ,de>+1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,ar?ur ,fri$man1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,l\is ,a4 ,l&a1 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,e>l ,m9]1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,samuel ,h4 ,monk1 ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota ,ev]ett ,t4 ,moore1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,lawr5ce ,cl>k ,p[ell1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,james ,su!rl&1 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london ,h4 ,t4 ,sw$5b]g1 ,jr41 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,rob]t ,vosp]1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,,correspond+ ,,secret>y ,edna ,c4 ,davis1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,,editorial ,,assi/ant ,m>y ,k]bret1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,,introduction ,?omas ,%]idan 7#agah-aghh7 devot$ 8 life to ent]prises )9 ! sph]e ( spok5 ,engli%1 & al?\gh he a*iev$ m ?an common success 9 all 8 und]tak+s1 x 0 8 fate to h 8 reputation eclips$ by m fam\s contempor>ies & erod$ by ! passage ( "t4 ,on ! /age1 he 0 comp>$ favorably ) ,g>rick1 b 8 "n lives 9 ! !atre only ?r\gh 8 son ,ri*>d ,br9sley4 ,a lead+ !ori/ ( ! elocution>y movem5t1 8 pron\nc+ diction>y ranks aft] ! works ( ,dr4 ,johnson & ,john ,walk]1 & 8 entire contribution dimm$ :5 ! movem5t fell into disrepute4#a ,%]idan atta9$ 8 greate/ r5[n ?r\gh 8 writ+ & lectur+ on elocution1 & ! f]vor ) :i* he pursu$ ! /udy ( tones1 looks1 & ge/ures 9 speak+ animates ,a ,disc\rse ,deliv]$ 9 ! ,!atre at ,ox=d1 9 ! ,s5ate-,h\se at ,cambridge1 & at ,spr+-,g>d5 9 ,london4 ,?is lecture1 ,be+ ,introductory to ,8 ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ,elocution & ! ,engli% ,language1 displays bo? ! man & ! elocution>y movem5t4 ,?r\gh\t ! "w1 ,%]idan exhibits 8 mission>y zeal1 8 d$ication to a vision>y hypo!sis t dazzl$ 8 m9d4#b ,at ! same "t1 he pres5ts ! basic pr9ciples ( elocution>y !ory & reveals ! =ces t made ! movem5t a dom9ant patt]n 9 ,engli% rhetoric4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ,%]idan's mill5nial approa* to elocution1 b 8 absorption 9 language /udy is mo/ und]/&able4 ,8 fa!r1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,%]idan1 0 a m9i/] & tea*]1 judg$ to be a good classical s*ol>1 & an excell5t s*oolma/]4#c ,he sup]vis$ 8 son's e>ly education1 & ,%]idan 0 be+ po9t$ t[>d a c>e] z s*ool ma/]4 ,8 exposure to1 & int]e/ 91 ,engli% 7 re9=c$ by 8 godfa!r1 ,dean ,swift1 :o 0 long an intimate ( ! eld] ,%]idan4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 ,%]idan 0 eag] to ackn[l$ge t 8 attitudes _h be5 pr(\ndly influ5c$ by ^? ( ,swift4 ,to "s degree ,%]idan's d$ication to language /udy is evid5c$ 9 8 !atrical activities4 ,z an und]graduate1 he wrote a play t 0 lat] publi%$2 & almo/ imm$iately aft] tak+ 8 ,m4,a4 at ,tr9ity ,college1 he made 8 pr(essional act+ debut 9 ,dubl94 ,?is 0 #agdc1 & =ty ye>s lat] he 0 tak+ "p 9 ,attic ,ent]ta9m5ts1 p]=mances consi/+ ( recitation1 s++1 & music4#d ,a selective *ronology sugge/s 8 involvem5t ) ! /age3 #agdd1 act+ 9 ,london ) ,g>rick2 #agej1 act+ & manag+ 9 ,dubl92 #agfj1 act+ 9 ,london2 #aghj1 act+ manag] = 8 son at ,drury ,lane4 ,successful z an actor1 ,%]idan appe>s to h miss$ greatness because he c\ld n ov]come an inflexibility & ob/9acy 9 p]sonality2 & ! same *>act]i/ics help$ to precipitate a numb] ( squabbles & riots t m>r$ 8 manag]ial ef=ts4 ,h[ev]1 mu* ( 8 fru/ration 9 ! !atre mu/ be attribut$ to ! m compell+ attraction to ! !ory ( deliv]y 9 speak+4 ,! /age provid$ a practical outlet1 b ,%]idan's fasc9ation ) elocution>y !ory dom9at$ & deflect$ ! int]e/ 9 !atre4 ,t elocution 0 8 prim>y conc]n is demon/rat$ 9 8 major publications3 ,briti% ,education1 #agef2 ,lectures on ,elocution1 #agfb2 ,a ,plan ( ,education1 #agfi2 ,lectures on ! ,art ( ,read+1 #agge2 & ,a ,g5]al ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language1 #aghj4 ,9 all ( ^! works ! c5tral argum5t rema9$ un*ang$ aft] its initial /atem5t 9 ! complete title ( ,briti% ,education4#e ,!re1 ,%]idan sugge/$ t a revival ( ! art ( speak+ w\ld improve religion1 morality1 & con/itutional gov]nm5t2 w\ld und]gird a ref9+ ( ! language2 & w\ld pave ! way = ultimate p]fection 9 all ! arts4 ,hav+ posit$ ?is !sis 9 #agef1 ,%]idan 0 reit]at+ x /ill 9 ! mat]ial prefatory to 8 pron\nc+ diction>y 9 #aghj1 & he nev] re/$ ) publication alone4 ,z e>ly z #ageg he lectur$ on ! pr9ciples ( education1 & he fir/ pres5t$ 8 c\rse ( lectures on elocution 9 #ageh-ei at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,ov] ! ye>s ! c\rse prov$ to be bo? popul> & f9ancially rew>d+1 & ,%]idan sometimes pres5t$ ! lectures 9 ord] to relieve f9ancial emb>assm5t4 ,nev]!less1 8 devotion to ! cause 0 ! crucial factor4 ,8 int]e/ 9 language someh[ became an almo/ bl9d devotion to spok5 ,engli%1 & ?r\gh 8 c\rse he c\ld c>ry 8 message to influ5tial audi5ces 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&2 ! ,ed9burgh ,select ,society sponsor$ two s]ies 9 #agfa1 & ,%]idan 0 lectur+ on elocution z late z #aghe4 ,! ,disc\rse typifies ,%]idan's simpli/ic int]pretation & ! evangeli/ic ardor ) :i* he address$ 8 audi5ces4 ,he 0 n cont5t to fault an ov]emphasis 9 ! /udy ( ,lat91 nor 0 he satisfi$ to argue t ! support ( our e/abli%m5ts1 bo? ecclesia/ical & civil re/s ^u public discussion4 ,_m 9 8 audi5ces w\ld h agre$1 & few w\ld h tak5 issue ) ! cont5tion t ! art ( elocution ne$$ fur!r cultivation4 ,b ,%]idan press$ on to insi/ t ! writt5 language1 be+ an inv5tion ( man1 c h no natural p[]1 & he argu$ t ! highe/ delights ( ae/hetic pleasures mu/ wait ^u ! p]fection ( spok5 ,engli%4 ,he ev5 w5t s f> z to sugge/ t ! /udy ( gramm>1 rhetorick1 & oratory expla9$ ! out/&+ arti/ic a*ievem5ts ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,moreov]1 o!r b5efits to society w\ld add to ! glory ( ! nation & to ! ornam5t ( individuals1 & ( ! /ate 9 g5]al ?r\gh a loos+ ( sil5t tongues4 ,%]idan dream$ t ! /udy ( elocution1 ) a voice f> sweet] ?an ! syr5's song1 w\ld s entrance "y /ud5ts t !y w\ld l+] long 9 native academic groves1 avoid+ ! baneful influ5ce ( travel abroad at ! mo/ unfit & dang]\s season ( life4 ,?us1 individual & social p]fection _h to be pr$icat$ ^u ! /udy ( spok5 ,engli%1 & ,%]idan impli$ t to slight ?is /udy 0 to (f] an affront to ! div9e plan = e>?ly progress4 ,?is panacean outlook prompt$ ,hume to rem>k t ,mr4 ,%]idan's ,lectures are va/ly too en?usia/ic4 ,he is to d e ?+ by ,oratory4#f ,& x is n surpris+ t ! critical1 ! ,johnsons & ,humes1 %\ld h be5 di/ress$ by ,%]idan's en?usiasm1 an en?usiasm t p]mitt$ him to posit su* unlikely goals & to see himself z ! sole au?ority on elocution4 ,yet1 = e negative reaction1 ! elocutioni/s enli/$ c\ntless believ]s4 ,%]idan & o!r !ori/s capitaliz$ ^u a numb] ( intellectual curr5ts & social pressures ( ! era t c5t]$ att5tion ^u deliv]y 9 speak+ & t help$ aggr&ize ?is facet ( rhetorical tra9+4 ,a numb] ( =ces c be isolat$1 b mo/ relate to ! classical inh]itance1 to ! belief t tones1 looks1 & ge/ures con/itute a natural language ( ! passions1 & to ! me?odology ( sci5ce4#g ,! classical inh]itance 0 important to ! elocutioni/s because ( ! impetus giv5 to all language /udy4 ,%]idan did no m ?an e*o a common compla9t :5 he worri$ ov] ! _m bad consequ5ces att5d+ a neglect ( ! ,engli% language2 c\ntless writ]s address$ !mselves to a det]m9ation ( phonology & pronunciation 9 ! attempt to me?odize ! language4 ,fur!rmore1 ! example ( anci5t oratory spoke l\dly to a p /riv+ to p]fect bo? ! individual & social in/itutions4 ,any educat$ man 0 expect$ to be able to express himself well 9 public1 p>ticul>ly if 8 vocation f\nd him 9 ! pulpit1 ! s5ate-h\se1 or at ! b>4 ,! pulpit 0 a favorite t>get1 & critics regul>ly lam5t$ ! atroci\s /ate ( speak+ 9 ! v s]vice ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! elocutioni/s & o!rs appe> to h be5 conv9c$ t ! d\bt & scepticism ( ! age w\ld be mu* reliev$ if only ! prea*]s w\ld le>n to speak prop]ly4 ,!irs seem$ ! be/ ( all possible religions1 & x ne$$ b a vitalization ?r\gh adequate pulpit oratory to transc5d any?+ accompli%$ by ! ,popi% devotees on ! ,cont95t4 ,c]ta9ly ,%]idan's ref]5ces to ! ,cont95t also reflect a /rong ov]lay ( nationalism1 & ! same _s creeps into 8 wor%ip ( ,greece & ,rome2 b he & ! o!r elocutioni/s knew t !y ow$ a pr(\nd debt to classical rhetorical !ory4 ,beyond support+ language /udy g5]ally & beyond enc\rag+ an int]e/ 9 public speak+1 anci5t rhetoric ju/ifi$ a conc5tration on deliv]y4 ,aft] c5turies ( a *ameleon-l exi/5ce1 ! complete ,cic]onian rhetoric em]g$ 9 ,engl& j 9 "t to meet a savage onslaught f ! me?ods ( sci5ce & ! new epi/emology4#h ,ev5tually1 rhetoricians su* z ,campbell & ,blair 7 to successfully bl5d ! old & ! new1 b ! elocutioni/s f\nd f]tile gr\nd 9 deliv]y alone4 ,!y began1 z ,%]idan did1 ) ! te/imony ( ,cic]o & ,qu9tilian because actio1 or pronuntiatio1 0 "o ( ! five e/abli%$ canons ( classical rhetoric4 ,a favorite citation1 ?\gh ,%]idan did n use x1 0 ,demo/h5es' reput$ response :5 ask$ to "n ! ?ree mo/ important p>ts ( rhetoric3 ,actio1 actio1 actio4 ,! endorsem5t ( antiquity l5t p[]ful support to ! /udy ( deliv]y1 & ?is 0 ! "o canon t _h n be5 subject$ to regul> exhau/ive analyses ?r\gh\t ! rhetorical tradition4 ,"h 0 a topic ripe = fur!r inve/igation1 & by ,%]idan's day1 ! tones1 looks1 & ge/ures ( deliv]y _h a*iev$ commonplace /atus 9 discussions ( man's emotions4 ,%]idan spoke z if ?is natural language ( ! passions 7 h>dly ev] ?\ght (1 b ! belief t tones1 looks1 & ge/ures 7 ext]nal signs ( int]nal emotions 0 firmly e/abli%$ by ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! notion has receiv$ "s att5tion ?r\gh\t we/]n ?\ght1 b mo/ speculation appe>s to date f ,desc>tes' ,les ,passions de l'ame 9 #afej4 ,! increas+ conc]n ) m9d-body problems enc\rag$ inquiries into ! nature & function ( ! natural language 9 all areas relat+ directly to man's emotion & its expression4 ,! topics 7 z v>i\s z religion & physiognomy1 b discussions ( ! natural language con/ruct c5t]$ ^u human communication1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! arts4 ,! con/ruct became especially significant 9 analyses ( pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,examples ( its impress c be se5 9 ,le ,brun's sket*es ( ! passions1#i 9 ,hog>?'s hav+ embrac$ ! commonly receiv$ op9ion1 t ! face is ! index ( ! m9d1#aj & 9 ,dryd5's cont5tion t to express ! passions :i* are seat$ 9 ! he>t1 by outw>d signs1 is "o great precept ( ! pa9t]s4 ,dryd5 add$ t 9 poetry1 ! same passions & motions ( ! m9d are to be express$1#aa & ! natural language f\nd its way into mo/ discussions ( trag$y & ! epic4 ,o!r examples ( lit]>y analysis 9 :i* ! con/ruct op]at$ include ,/eele's ,prosodia ,rationalis1 ,say's ,an ,essay on ,h>mony1 ,v>iety1 & ,p[] ( ,numb]s1 & ,kames' ,elem5ts ( ,criticism4 ,9 sum1 x 0 almo/ univ]sally accept$ t ! creative arti/ 0 to obs]ve & record ! natural language ( ! passions4 ,9 ,%]idan's words1 he 0 to p]ceive & del9eate ! op]ations1 affections1 & en]gies1 ( ! m9d itself 444 manife/$ & communicat$ 9 spee*4 ,! me?odology ( sci5ce 0 indirectly responsible = giv+ add$ support to ?is facet ( elocution>y rationale4 ,:5 ,briti% empiricism 0 press$ to ! limit1 consid]able d\bt & scepticism result$2 & ! ,scotti% common s5se philosophy 01 9 l>ge "p1 a c\nt] response4 ,! op]ation ( ! natural language became "o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( common s5se2 & 9 _! discussions ( philosophy1 ae/hetics1 & rhetoric1 ! ,scots argu$ = ! /udy ( elocution4#ab ,sci5ce contribut$ directly to ! movem5t by provid+ ! framework = analysis4 ,)\t ! empirical approa* & ! confid5ce 9 sci5tific me?odology1 !ori/s simply w\ld n h attempt$ to isolate & describe ! elem5ts 9 ! ext]nal signs ( ! emotions4 ,sci5ce =c$ ,%]idan to ?9k 9 t]ms ( empirical obs]vation & categorization1 & sci5ce p]mitt$ him to call = sure & suffici5t rules 9 ord] t ! art ( speak+ l t ( writ+ 444 be r$uc$ to a sy/em4 ,x is ev5 symptomatic t he %\ld h ref]r$ to ! design ( ! ,great ,me*ani/4 ,almo/ z en?usia/ic z ,%]idan1 a numb] ( o!r elocutioni/s express$ simil> views & f\nd _! !ories invigorat$ by ! same =ces4 ,james ,burgh 9 ! ,art ( ,speak+ 7#agfa71 ,john ,walk] 9 ,elem5ts ( ,elocution 7#agha7 & a numb] ( o!r works1 & ,gilb]t ,au/9 9 ,*ironomia 7#ahjf7 7 among ! m influ5tial elocution>y !ori/s4 ,num]\s o!r writ]s 9 bo? ,engl& & ,am]ica p>ticipat$ 9 mak+ ! /udy ( elocution an e/abli%$ "p ( ! ,engli% rhetorical tradition4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! /udy ga9$ acceptance at all levels ( education1 & ! class 9 elocution became a /&>d c\rse 9 colleges & univ]sities4 ,elocution c5t]$ ^u oral read+ & public speak+1 & writt5 composition came to be ! exclusive prov9ce ( ! rhetoric class4 ,! resultant di/9ctions betwe5 oral & writt5 disc\rse play$ a significant role 9 ! ev5tual developm5t ( sep>ate dep>tm5ts ( spee* & ,engli% 9 ,am]ican colleges & univ]sities4#ac ,al?\gh spee* dep>tm5ts grew out ( elocution>y /udies1 elocution disappe>$ f ! curriculum because ( an association ) an excessive emphasis ^u p]=mance z p]=mance4 ,reaction 0 comp\nd$ by a sophi/ication 9 psy*ology t made e>ly !ory seem naive1 b nei!r lat] excesses nor seem+ naivety %\ld be p]mitt$ to di/ort ! ma9 ?ru/ ( ! elocution>y movem5t4 ,conc5trat+ ^u language 9 use1 ! elocutioni/s enc\rag$ & anticipat$ analyses n[ be+ vigor\sly pursu$ 9 a range ext5d+ f l+ui/ics to nonv]bal communication4 ,_! contribution has = too long be5 ignor$1 & x is happily =e%ad[$ 9 ,?omas ,%]idan's en?usia/ic ,disc\rse4 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,davis ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,introduction ,footnote #a3 ,see ,wallace ,a4 ,bacon1 ,! ,elocution>y ,c>e] ( ,?omas ,%]idan 7#agah-aghh71 ,spee* ,monographs1 ,,xxxi 7#aifd71 #a-ec4 ,footnote #b3 ,john ,watk9s1 ,memoirs ( ! ,"r ,honorable ,r4 ,b4 ,%]idan1 7,london1 #ahag71 ,i1 #dc4 ,footnote #c3 ,ibid41 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #d3 ,ibid41 pp4 #ade-adf4 ,footnote #e3 ,briti% ,education3 ,or1 ,! ,s\rce ( ! ,disord]s ( ,great ,brita94 ,be+ ,an ,essay t[>ds prov+1 t ! ,immorality1 ,ignorance1 & false ,ta/e1 :i* s g5]ally prevail1 are ! natural & necess>y ,consequ5ces ( ! pres5t defective ,sy/em ( ,education4 ,) ,an ,attempt to %ew1 t a ,revival ( ! ,art ( ,speak+1 & ! ,/udy ( ,our ,own ,language1 might contribute1 9 a great measure1 to ! ,cure ( ^? ,evils4 ,9 ,?ree ,p>ts4 ,i4 ,( ! ,use ( ^! ,/udies to ,religion1 & ,morality2 z also1 to ! ,support ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution4 ,,ii4 ,_! absolute ,necessity 9 ord] to ref9e1 asc]ta91 & fix ! ,engli% ,language4 ,,iii4 ,_! ,use 9 ! ,cultivation ( ! ,imitative ,arts3 %ew+1 t 7 ! ,/udy ( ,oratory made a necess>y ,bran* ( ! ,education ( ,y\?2 ,poetry1 ,musick1 ,pa9t+1 & ,sculpture1 might arrive at z high a ,pit* ( ,p]fection 9 ,engl&1 z ev] !y did 9 ,a!ns or ,rome4 ,footnote #f3 ,james ,boswell1 ,private ,pap]s ( ,james ,boswell 7,mt4 ,v]non1 ,new ,york1 #aibh-cd71 ,i1 #abi4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,hab]man1 ,engli% ,s\rces ( ,am]ican ,elocution1 ,hi/ory ( ,spee* ,education 9 ,am]ica1 ed4 ,k>l ,wallace 7,new ,york1 #aied71 pp4 #aje-abf4 ,footnote #h3 ,see ,wilbur ,samuel ,h[ell1 ,logic & ,rhetoric 9 ,engl&1 #aejj-agjj 7,pr9ceton1 #aief74 ,footnote #i3 ,*>les ,le ,brun1 ,conf]5ce de ,monsieur ,le ,brun sur l'expression g5]ale p>ticuli]e 7,am/]dam1 #afih74 ,footnote #aj3 ,william ,hog>?1 ,analysis ( ,beauty1 ed4 ,joseph ,burke 7,ox=d1 #aiee71 p4 #acf4 ,footnote #aa3 ,john ,dryd51 ,a ,p>allel ( ,poetry & ,pa9t+1 9 ,essays1 ed4 ,w4 ,p4 ,k] 7,ox=d1 #aijj71 ,,ii1 #ade4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,g4 ,p4 ,mohrmann1 ,! ,language ( ,nature & ,elocution>y ,!ory1 ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ,spee*1 ,,lii 7#aiff71 #aaf-abd4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see /udies report$ 9 ,hi/ory ( ,spee* ,education 9 ,am]ica4 ,,bibliographical ,,note ,! text ( ?is repr9t ( ,%]idan's ,disc\rse is reproduc$ f a copy 9 ! ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,! ,,!atre at ,,ox=d1 ,,9 ,! ,,s5ate-,,h\se at ,,cambridge1 ,,& ,at ,,spr+-,,g>d5 9 ,,london4 ,by ,,?omas ,,%]idan1 ,m4 ,a4 ,be+ ,introductory to ,8 ,,c\rse ( ,,lectures ,,on ,,elocution & ! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,ut enim hom9is decus +5ium1 fic +5ii ipsius lum5 e/ eloqu5tia4 ,cic4 de ,orat4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ,a4 ,,mill>1 9 ,! ,/r&2 ,j4 ,,riv+ton & ,j4 ,,flet*]1 9 ,pat]-no/]-,r[2 ,j4 ,,dodsley1 9 ,pall-,mall2 & sold by ,j4 ,,wilkie1 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* y>d4 ,m4,,dcc4,,lix4 ,,to ,,! ,,two ,,le>n$ ,,univ]sities ,,( ,ox=d ,,& ,,cambridge1 ,! foll[+ ,disc\rse 7,z a small tok5 ( gratitude ,= ! c&\r ) :i* !y receiv$1 ,& ! g5]osity ) :i* !y enc\rag$1 ,8 attempt ,t[>ds improv+ ,elocution1 ,& promot+ ! /udy ( ! ,,engli% ,language7 ,is1 ,) all humility1 ,& ! mo/ pr(\nd respect1 ,inscrib$1 ,by _! v fai?ful & devot$ s]vant1 ,,?omas ,,%]idan4 ,a ,,disc\rse ,,deliv]$ ,,9 ,! ,,!atre at ,,ox=d1 ,,9 ,! ,s5ate-,h\se at ,,cambridge1 ,,& ,at ,,spr+-,,g>d5 9 ,,london4 ,x has be5 a long "t s9ce all m51 :o h turn$ _! ?\ghts to ! subject1 h be5 conv9c$1 t ! neglect ( /udy+ our own language1 & ! art ( speak+ x 9 public1 has be5 att5d$ ) _m bad consequ5ces2 & "s ( our mo/ em95t writ]s h freely deliv]$ _! ?\ghts ^u ?is head to ! _w4 ,among/ ! =emo/ ( ?is numb] are ,milton1 ,dryd51 ,cl>5don1 ,locke1 ,addison1 ,b]kley1 & ,swift2 besides multitudes ( less note4 ,b z !y h only po9t$ out ! evil1 )\t exam9+ into its s\rce1 or propos+ an adequate rem$y2 z !y h %ewn ! good consequ5ces :i* w\ld foll[ f ! introduction ( ^? /udies1 only 9 !ory1 )\t lay+ d[n any probable me?od1 by :i* _! speculations might be r$uc$ to practice1 _! endeav\rs 9 ?is way1 h[ev] laudable1 h hi!rto prov$ b ( little b5efit to mank9d4 ,any attempt1 !re=e1 t[>ds a practicable plan1 :]eby su* /udies may be introduc$1 w well des]ve ! att5tion ( ! be/ & wise/ m52 &1 if x %\ld meet ) _! approbation1 w necess>ily also obta9 _! enc\ragem5t & assi/ance4 ,?is consid]ation x 01 :i* embold5$ me to appe> be=e ?is le>n$ assembly2 & ?\gh1 :5 ,i reflect on ! kn[lege1 wisdom1 & nice disc]nm5t1 ( my he>]s1 ,i am fill$ ) t awe & rev]5ce :i* are due to s respectable a body1 yet1 z c&\r & humanity are ! insep>able att5dants on wisdom & kn[lege 7= z ! brave are ev] ! mo/ m]ciful1 s are ! wise ! mo/ indulg5t71 ,i c h no cause to fe> ! submitt+ my op9ions to ! decision ( su* judges z are "h assembl$4 ,:atev] %all appe> to be f\nd$ 9 reason & tru? _c fail ( produc+ its due effect 9 ?is region ( true philosophy3 & :atev] errors or faults may be committ$1 z !y _c escape ! p5etration1 s w !y be correct$ & am5d$ by ! skill & b5evol5ce ( su* he>]s4 ,a po9t to be wi%$1 n dread$2 z to an inquir] aft] tru?1 next to ! be+ "r1 ! ?+ mo/ to be desir$ is ! be+ set "r4 ,9 ei!r way1 a p]son engag$ 9 a new und]tak+ is sure to be a ga9]1 :]e hon\r1 & c]ta9ty ( success1 w foll[ judici\s approbation2 :]e b5efit1 & ! means ( succe$+1 w att5d j c5sure4 ,enc\rag$ by ^! reflections1 ,i %all !re=e1 )\t f>!r preface1 ent] ^u my subject4 ,t ! ,engli% are ! only civiliz$ p1 ei!r ( anci5t or mod]n times1 :o neglect$ to cultivate _! language1 or to me?odize x 9 su* a way1 z t ! kn[lege ( x might be regul>ly acquir$1 is a proposition no less /range ?an true4 ,t ! ,engli% are ! only free nation record$ 9 hi/ory1 possess$ ( all ! advantages ( lit]ature1 :o nev] /udi$ ! art ( elocution1 or f\nd$ any in/itutions1 :]eby1 !y :o 7 mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! cultivation ( t art2 !y ^: pr(essions necess>ily call$ ^u !m to speak 9 public1 might be in/ruct$ to acquit !mselves prop]ly on su* occasions1 & be enabl$ to deliv] _! s5tim5ts ) propriety & grace1 is also a po9t z true z x is /range4 ,^! neglects are ! m a/oni%+1 because1 ^u exam9ation1 x w appe>1 t !re nei!r is1 nor ev] 0 a nation ^u e>?1 to ! fl\ri%+ /ate ( ^: con/itution & gov]nm5t1 su* /udies 7 s absolutely necess>y4 ,s9ce x mu/ be obvi\s to ! slighte/ enquir]1 t ! support ( our e/abli%m5ts1 bo? ecclesia/ical & civil1 9 _! due vig\r1 mu/ 9 a great measure dep5d ^u ! p[]s ( elocution 9 public debates1 or o!r oratorial p]=mances1 display$ 9 ! pulpit1 ! s5ate-h\se1 or at ! b>4 ,b to leave ! public int]e/s out ( ! "q2 is x n amaz+ t ^! /udies h nev] be5 e/abli%$ "h1 ev5 ^u selfi% pr9ciples1 :i*1 9 all o!r cases seldom fail ( hav+ _! due =ce8 s9ce x c be %ewn1 t !re nev] 0 a /ate :]e9 s _m individuals 7 s necess>ily & deeply conc]n$ 9 ! prosecution ( ^? /udies2 or :]e x 0 ! int]e/1 z well z duty1 ( su* numb]s1 to display ! p[]s ( oratory 9 _! native language4 ,!re is n a s+le po9t1 9 :i* ! /udy ( oratory 0 necess>y to ! anci5ts1 :]e9 x is n equally s to u2 nor 0 !re any incitem5t to ! kn[lege & practice ( t art1 :e!r ( pleasure1 pr(it1 or hon\r1 :i* ) u is n ( equal /r5g?4 ,we1 z well z ! anci5ts1 h c\ncils1 s5ates1 & assemblies ( ! p 7by _! repres5tatives7 ^: delib]ations & debates turn ^u matt]s ( z mu* mom5t1 :]e oratory has fields z ample1 9 :i* x may ex]t all its v>i\s p[]s1 & :]e ! rew>ds & hon\rs1 att5dant on eloqu5ce are equal4 ,if we look into ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 = m ?an a c5tury pa/1 we %all f9d1 t mo/ p]sons h made _! way to ! head ( affairs1 & got into ! highe/ employm5ts1 n on acc\nt ( bir? or =tune1 b by be+1 :at is commonly call$1 good speak]s4 ,nor is oratory less necess>y to u at ! b>1 ?an x 0 to ! anci5ts2 nor are ! rew>ds ( pr(it1 fame1 & pref]m5t1 less att5dant on x !re2 z has be5 exp]i5c$ by all 9 t pr(ession1 :o took pa9s to improve _! tal5ts 9 t way4 ,b !re is "o po9t1 a mo/ mom5t\s "o1 9 :i* oratory is ess5tially necess>y to u1 b 0 n 9 ! lea/ s to ! anci5ts4 ,! article ,i mean1 is ( ! utmo/ importance to u2 x is ! basis ( our gov]nm5t1 & pill> ( our /ate4 ,x is ! vivify+ pr9ciple1 ! s\l ( our con/itution1 )\t :i*1 x _c subsi/2 ,i mean religion4 ,z ! religion ( ! anci5ts consi/$ *iefly ( rites & c]emonies1 x c\ld d]ive no assi/ance f oratory2 b !re is n ! smalle/ bran* ( ours :i* c be well execut$1 )\t skill 9 speak+2 & ! m important p>ts1 calculat$ to answ] ! great ends1 evid5tly require ! :ole oratorial p[]s4 ,let x be obs]v$1 t 9 ?is pr(ession alone1 !re are m p]sons employ$ ?r\gh\t ^! realms1 ?an !re 7 citiz5s ( ,a!ns1 at any giv5 p]iod4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 we h s mu* /rong] motives to ! cultivation ( ?is art1 :at c be ! reason t ev5 an attempt t[>ds x has nev] hi!rto be5 made8 ,"o w\ld imag9e1 t 9 a c\ntry :]e ! anci5ts are admir$1 rev]$1 nay1 almo/ ador$1 t we %\ld c]ta9ly foll[ _! example1 & adopt all _! wise in/itutions1 s f> at lea/ z !y co9cid$ ) ! _s ( our gov]nm5t1 & 7 ( equal necessity to ! well be+ ( ! /ate4 ,b on ! contr>y1 we seem to h made x a law1 t we %\ld sit d[n cont5t$ ) see+ & admir+ _! excell5ce1 b t we %\ld nev] attempt to use ! means1 by :i* alone we might be enabl$ to rival !m4 ,if x 7 difficult to come at ! kn[lege ( ^? means2 if ! me?od tak5 by ! anci5ts1 9 educat+ _! y\? to qualify !m = su* great p]=mances1 _h n be5 h&$ d[n to u2 or if !re 7 any ?+ 9 ! me?od itself1 :i* w\ld be f\nd impracticable 9 ^! times1 !re might be "s excuse = n tak+ ! same c\rse4 ,b on ! contr>y1 :5 _m ( _! mo/ em95t writ]s h m9utely describ$ to u ! precise c\rse ( education1 pass$ ?r\gh by all :o 7 lib]ally tra9$2 :5 !y tell u1 t bo? at ,a!ns & ,rome1 "o ( ! *ief /udies 0 t ( _! native language 9 ea* c\ntry2 & t ! art mo/ assidu\sly s\ght aft]1 & practis$ 9 bo?1 0 t ( oratory3 %all we be surpris$ t _! languages 7 m poli%$ & beautiful1 & consequ5tly t all works :i* dep5d$ ^u ! elegance & *>ms ( language1 %\ld be m f9i%$ ?an ^? ( a p1 :o nev] took any pa9s 9 t way8 or t oratory1 & all ! arts dep5dant on x1 or connect$ ) x1 toge!r ) all ! b5efits & advantages result+ f x1 %\ld appe> 9 a m conspicu\s light1 9 regions1 :]e t art 0 cultivat$ ) ! utmo/ pa9s & lab\r1 ?an 9 a c\ntry :]e x has be5 utt]ly neglect$4 ,is !re any natural imp$im5t 9 our way1 is !re any inv9cible ob/acle to ! pursuit ( ^! /udies1 & to ! atta9m5t ( ^! arts8 ,h we n a language to /udy z well z !y8 & d we n1 on _m acc\nts1 /& 9 m ne$ ( /udy+ t language8 ,h we n ! same organs ( spee*1 ! same features1 ! same limbs1 muscles1 & n]ves1 t ! anci5ts _h8 ,:at want we !n1 b to apply ourselves to ! regulation ( ^!1 & to /udy _! true use 9 en=c+ & adorn+ our s5tim5ts1 :5 deliv]$ by spee*1 to rival or ev5 excel !m 9 _! fav\rite art8 ,h[ did ! anci5ts atta9 ?is art8 ,by /udy1 & practice4 ,w\ld n ! same means br+ u to ! same end8 ,& h we n ! advantage ( all _! lights to guide u 9 our enquiries8 ,h we n ! f\ndation ( _! exp]i5ce to build ^u1 ready to our h&s1 :5ev] we are wise en\gh to set ab\t rais+ ! noble edifice8 ,did ! anci5ts possess any advantages ov] u f nature1 ei!r 9 po9t ( intellectual faculties1 or ! animal oeconomy8 ,) respect to ! m5tal p[]s1 x is und\bt$ly cle>1 t we h c>ri$ our discov]ies mu* f>!r ?an !y did1 bo? 9 ! physical & moral _w4 ,& ) respect to ! bodily organs1 true philosophy mu/ d]ide any attempts1 to %ew t we are n fram$ exactly 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 all ! sci5ces1 to :i* we h appli$1 we h f> outdone !m2 & if !y /ill excel u 9 _m ( ! arts1 x is ei!r because we h :olly neglect$ _! cultivation1 or :]e we h made ! attempt1 we h tak5 a wrong c\rse2 & unwisely des]t$ ! me?od po9t$ out by ! anci5ts t[>ds _! atta9m5t1 & :i*1 ) !m1 _h be5 always cr[n$ ) success4 ,9 %ort1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5ts & u1 arises f "o obvi\s cause4 ,9 ! c\rse ( education1 we h pursu$ mo/ ( ! /udies1 :i* !y did2 b "s we h :olly omitt$4 ,9 all /udies1 :i* we foll[$ 9 common ) !m1 we h f> excell$ !m3 t !y h excell$ u 9 ^? :i* 7 peculi> to !mselves1 _c be a matt] ( wond]4 ,! *ief po9ts 9 :i* !y diff]$ f u1 7 ! /udy ( _! native language1 & oratory4 ,& x c be indisputably %ewn1 t !y possess$ no advantage ov] u1 b :at arose1 ei!r imm$iately1 or consequ5tially f _! kn[lege1 skill1 & practice2 9 gramm>1 rhetorick1 & oratory4 ,n[1 z we h excell$ !m f>1 9 all ! /udies to :i* we h appli$1 !re c be no good reason assign$1 t ) a due degree ( att5tion & pa9s1 we might n surpass !m 9 ^! also8 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i hope1 on ano!r occasion1 to be able to prove1 t f c]ta9 lights furni%$ by "t1 f peculi> advantages aris+ f our pure & holy religion1 & f ! nature ( our admirable con/itution1 we might1 ) mod]ate pa9s1 & 9 no long space ( "t1 z f> surpass !m 9 ^? arts1 & all t dep5d ^u !m1 or h a connection ) !m1 z we h already done 9 ! sci5ces4 ,b ?\gh1 ^u trial1 we %\ld n f9d ourselves able to surpass ! anci5ts1 let u n %amefully suff] ourselves to be outdone 9 ^? arts by ! mod]ns4 ,if ! ,briton %\ld own himself unequal to ! conte/ ) ,greeks & ,romans1 let him n yield ! palm to ,fr5*m5 also4 ,if1 9 despair ( victory1 he %\ld say l ,mne/heus 9 ,virgil1 ,non jam prima peto1 let him add to 8 c\ntrym51 extremos pudeat r$iisse6 ,believe me1 !re is no "t to be lo/4 ,! ,italians1 ! ,fr5*1 & ! ,spani>ds1 are f> be=e y4 ,_! languages & au?ors are well kn[n ?r\gh ,europe1 :il/ y\rs h got admission only into ! closets ( a few4 ,y h b to r\ze y\rselves f y\r le?>gy1 & to ex]t y\r native vig\r1 soon to out/rip !m all4 ,%\ld y set ab\t ref9+ & asc]ta9+ y\r language1 ) ! same _s ( indu/ry1 :i* y h (t5 ex]t$ on less important occasions1 ! "w w n be long accompli%+2 & y w n only imm$iately raise y\r cr$it 9 ! eyes ( ,europe1 b h& d[n to y\r po/]ity1 "o ( ! noble/ legacies :i* x is 9 y\r p[] to bequea?4 ,if ! task %\ld be accompli%$1 h[ w t po/]ity wond]1 t _! ance/ors %\ld h be5 = m ?an two c5turies 9 possession ( s ri* a jewel1 )\t once exam9+ its value2 & t1 m]ely ?r\gh a neglect ( poli%+1 !y %\ld h suff]$ a diamond ( ! fir/ wat] & magnitude1 to be out%one by ! cut glass1 or pebbles1 ( _! poor]1 b m indu/ri\s neighb\rs4 ,! true s\rce ( ! neglect ( ^! /udies1 w1 ^u exam9ation1 be f\nd to be ?is2 t f ! fir/ introduction ( lett]s into ?is k+dom1 ! m9ds ( all tra9$ 9 ! kn[lege ( !m1 h to ?is h\r1 f e>ly in/itution1 got a wrong biass ) respect to language3 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! univ]sal att5tion ( ! natives ( ?is c\ntry1 has be5 turn$ f ! natural1 ! m =cible1 & m pleas+ k9d1 to t :i* is artificial1 weak]1 & accompani$ ) no natural delight4 ,i d n d\bt1 b t ?is proposition w excite no small surprise 9 my he>]s2 nor d ,i suppose1 !y w easily compreh5d my mean+1 till !y recollect a di/9ction1 :i* is h>dly ev] ?\ght (1 & yet1 :i* ought (t5 to be _h 9 remembrance1 t we h two k9ds ( language2 "o :i* is spok51 ano!r :i* is writt54 ,or t !re are two diff]5t me?ods us$ ( communicat+ our ideas1 "o ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! e>1 ! o!r ?r\gh t ( ! eye4 ,x is true1 t z articulate s\nds are by compact symbols ( our ideas1 & z writt5 *>act]s are by compact symbols ( ^? articulate s\nds1 !y may1 at fir/ view1 seem calculat$ to accompli% "o & ! same end2 & f habit1 an op9ion may be =m$1 t x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :i* way ! communication is made1 z ! end w be equally well answ]$ by ei!r4 ,b1 ^u a ne>] exam9ation1 x w appe> t ?is op9ion is ill f\nd$1 & t1 9 :atev] c\ntry x prevails1 s f> z to affect ! practice ( ! p1 x mu/ be att5d$ ) proportional bad consequ5ces1 bo? to individuals1 & to society 9 g5]al4 ,9 ord] to prove ?is1 x w be necess>y to %ew1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two k9ds ( language is n m 9 =m1 ?an 9 sub/ance2 9 ! means ( _! communication1 ?an 9 _! end3 t !y widely diff] f ea* o!r1 9 ! nature1 degree1 & ext5t ( _! p[]2 t !y h ea* _! sev]al (fices & limits belong+ to !m1 :i* !y ought nev] to exce$2 & t1 :]e "o encroa*es on ! prov9ce ( ! o!r1 x c nev] equally well dis*>ge its (fice4 ,all ^! po9ts w be made suffici5tly cle>1 only by exam9+ ! nature & con/itution1 ( ^! two k9ds ( language4 ,fir/1 z to t :i* is spok54 ,spee* is ! univ]sal gift ( ,god to all mank9d4 ,b z 9 8 wise disp5sations1 9 ord] to excite indu/ry1 & make rew>d ! att5dant on s]vice1 9 ! mo/ excell5t ?+s ( ?is life1 he has only furni%$ ! mat]ials1 & left x to man to f9d out1 & make a "r use ( !m2 s has he laid d[n ?is j law1 9 reg>d to ! great article ( spee*2 :i* 9 all nations mu/ prove ei!r b>b>\s1 discordant1 & defective2 or poli%$1 h>moni\s1 & copi\s1 accord+ to ! culture or neglect ( x4 ,z ! *ief delight & improvem5t ( a social1 rational be+1 mu/ arise f a communication ( s5tim5ts & affections1 & all t passes 9 ! m9d ( man2 ! p[]s ( op5+ su* a communication are furni%$ 9 a suitable degree1 & ) a lib]al h&4 ,9 proportion to _! acquisition ( ideas1 m5 w f9d no want ( articulate s\nds to be _! symbols4 ,9 proportion to _! progress 9 kn[lege1 !y w f9d adequate p[]s 9 ! organs ( spee*1 to communicate t kn[lege4 ,9 proportion to ! ex]tion ( ! p[]s ( ! intellect1 or ! imag9ation1 ! v>i\s emotions ( ! m9d1 ! diff]5t degrees ( s5sibility1 & all ! feel+s ( ! he>t2 !y w f9d1 ^u se>*+ = !m1 t 9 ! human frame !re are tones1 looks1 & ge/ures ( su* efficacy1 z n only to make all ^! obvi\s1 b to transfuse all ^? op]ations1 en]gies1 & emotions into o!rs3 )\t :i*1 inde$1 ! m]e communication ( ideas w\ld be att5d$ ) b little delight4 ,a wise nation w !re=e1 above all ?+s1 apply !mselves to advance ! p[]s ( elocution1 to z high a degree z possible2 & !y w f9d _! lab\rs well rew>d$1 n only by op5+ a s\rce ( "o ( ! highe/ delights1 :i* ! nature ( man is capable ( feel+ 9 ?is life1 b also by ! extraord9>y b5efits & advantages !nce result+ to society1 :i* _c possibly be procur$ 9 any o!r way4 ,x has pleas$ ! ,all-wise ,creator to annex to elocution1 :5 9 its p]fect /ate1 p[]s almo/ miracul\s6 & an en]gy ne>ly div9e6 ,he has giv5 to x tones to *>m ! e>1 & p5etrate ! he>t3 he has jo9$ to x actions1 & looks1 to move ! inmo/ s\l4 ,by t1 att5tion is kept up )\t pa91 & conviction c>ri$ to ! m9d ) delight4 ,p]suasion is ev] its att5dant1 & ! passions own x = a ma/]4 ,great z is ! =ce ( its p[]s1 s unb\nd$ is _! ext5t4 ,all mank9d are capable ( its impressions1 ! ignorant z well z ! wise1 ! illit]ate z well z ! le>n$4 ,su* is ! nature1 su* ! con/itution1 su* ! effects1 ( cultivat$ spee*4 ,let u n[ exam9e ! prop]ties ( writt5 language4 ,t is :olly ! inv5tion ( man1 a m]e "w ( art1 & !re=e c conta9 no natural p[]4 ,its use is to give /ability to s\nd1 & p]man5ce to ?\ght2 to pres]ve words t o!rwise might p]i% z !y are spoke1 & to arre/ ideas t might vani% z !y rise 9 ! m9d2 to assi/ ! memory 9 treasur+ ^! up1 & to convey kn[lege at di/ance ?r\gh ! eye1 :]e x c\ld f9d no entrance by ! e>4 ,9 %ort1 x may be consid]$ z a gr& repository ( ! wisdom ( ages1 f :i* ! greate/ pl5ty ( mat]ials may be furni%$1 = ! use ( spee*1 & ! be/ supplies giv5 to ! p[]s ( elocution4 ,"h we may see1 t ^! two k9ds ( language ess5tially diff] f ea* o!r 9 _! nature & use3 &1 f ?is view1 we may pla9ly p]ceive ! va/ sup]iority :i* ! =m] mu/ h ov] ! latt]1 9 ! ma9 end aim$ at by bo?1 t ( communicat+ all t passes 9 ! m9d ( man2 inasmu* z ! =m] works by ! :ole =ce ( natural1 z well z artificial means2 ! latt]1 by artificial means only4 ,9 ! "o case1 _m hundr$s may be made p>tak]s at "o & ! same "t1 ( in/ruction & delight2 9 ! o!r1 kn[lege mu/ be p>cel$ out only to individuals4 ,9 ! "o1 n only ! s5se ( he>+ may receive ! highe/ gratification1 f s\nds ! mo/ pleas+1 & cong5ial to ! organs ( man2 b ! sight also may be delight$ ) view+ ! noble/ "w ( ! ,great ,me*ani/ put 9 motion1 to answ] ! noble/ ends3 &1 :il/ ! *>m$ e> easily admits ! words ( tru?1 ! fai?ful eye1 ev5 ( ! illit]ate1 c read _! cr$5tials1 9 ! legible h& ( ,nature1 visibly *>act]iz$ 9 ! c\nt5ance & ge/ure ( ! speak]4 ,9 ! o!r1 none ( ! s5ses are 9 ! lea/ gratifi$4 ,! eye c h no pleasure 9 view+ a succession ( crook$ *>act]s1 h[ev] accurately =m$2 & ! e> _c be mu* conc]n$ 9 sil5t read+4 ,if any d\bt rema9s ab\t pre-em95ce ) reg>d to ^! two1 ! dispute may1 at once1 be settl$ 9 ! same way t ,cic]o det]m9$ ! controv]sy betwe5 oratory & philosophy2 ,s9 qua]imus quid unum excellat ex omnibus1 docto oratori palma d&a e/3 quem si patiuntur eundem esse philosophum1 sublata controv]sia e/4 ,s9 eos disjung5t1 hoc erunt inf]iores1 quod 9 oratore p]fecto1 ine/ omnis illorum sci5tia1 9 philosophorum autem cognitione1 non cont9uo e/ eloqu5tia4 ,9 l mann] x may be said1 9 ?is case1 t he :o is ma/] ( speak+ _c1 on t acc\nt1 be ret>d$1 ?\gh he may be mu* advanc$ !reby 9 kn[lege ( writt5 language2 :]eas he :o is ma/] ( ! writt5 language only1 is by no means advanc$ !reby 9 ! art ( speak+4 ,inde$1 ! "o %\ld be consid]$ only z an h&maid to ! o!r1 & employ$ *iefly 9 su* (fices z %e _c d 9 h] own p]son4 ,b %\ld any nation be s un=tunately circum/anc$1 z f habit1 or in/itution1 to be/[ all _! lab\r & pa9s ^u cultivat+ ! artificial language1 ! inv5tion ( man1 to ! utt] neglect ( t :i* is natural1 & ! gift ( ,god1 x mu/ be all[$1 t !y are 9 a wrong c\rse2 & t !y mu/ necess>ily lose "s ( ! greate/ bless+s t c be enjoy$ by rational1 social be+s1 & :i* c fl[ f no o!r s\rce b t ( cultivat$ spee*4 ,:e!r ?is be n our case1 is well wor? consid]+2 & ! po9t may be settl$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( a few facts4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 let u take a view ( ! p]fections1 & imp]fections1 ( ea* k9d ( language2 see 9 :i* ( !m we take mo/ pa9s to atta9 ! "o1 & avoid ! o!r2 &1 9 consequ5ce ( su* pa9s1 :i* ( !m is at ?is day 9 ! be/ /ate among/ u4 ,! *ief object ( bo?1 is ! communication ( ideas & emotions f m9d to m9d1 b !y use diff]5t m$iums = ?is purpose4 ,spee* makes use ( s\nd1 & rea*es ! m9d ?r\gh ! e>3 writ+ makes use ( *>act]s1 & conveys kn[lege ?r\gh ! eye4 ,! ideas t rise 9 ! m9d ( ! speak]1 toge!r ) ! op]ations1 affections1 & en]gies1 ( ! m9d itself1 are manife/$ & communicat$ 9 spee*1 by articulate s\nds1 comb9$1 or sep>at$ 9 v>i\s proportions2 by re/s ( ! voice 9 c]ta9 places2 by acc5ts1 emphases1 & tones4 ,! same is attempt$ 9 writ+1 by diff]5t comb9ations ( lett]s1 accord+ to /at$ rules1 & by c]ta9 po9ts1 /ops1 & l9es4 ,b t x _c be done ) equal success 9 ! latt] case1 is cle> f ?is1 t s\nd conta9s 9 itself a natural p[] ov] ! human frame1 9 r\s+ ! faculties ( man1 & excit+ ! affections1 z is cle>ly prov$ by ! =ce ( music4 ,by ! l\d trumpet1 :i* our c\rage aids1 ,we le>n t s\nd1 z well z s5se1 p]suades4 ,b writt5 *>act]s h1 9 !mselves1 no sort ( virtue1 nor ! lea/ influ5ce on ! m9d ( man3 & ! utmo/ ext5t ( _! artificial p[] c rea* no f>!r1 ?an t ( excit+ ideas ( s\nds1 :i* belong to spok5 words1 = :i* ^? comb9ations ( lett]s /&1 & consequ5tly _c produce equal effects ) ! s\nds !mselves4 ,to in/ruct our y\? 9 ! arts ( read+ & writ+1 !re are _m sem9>ies e/abli%$ e-:]e ?r\gh\t ?is realm2 &1 accord+ly1 all ( a lib]al education are well v]s$ 9 !m4 ,b :o 9 ^! c\ntries ev] he>d ( a ma/] = ! improvem5t ( articulation1 = tea*+ ! due proportion ( s\nd & quantity ( syllables 9 ,engli%1 & = po9t+ out to 8 pupils1 by precept & example1 ! "r use ( acc5ts1 emphases1 & tones1 :5 !y read al\d1 or speak 9 public8 ,if ?is has nev] yet be5 done1 surely x is a great omission1 :5 we reflect ( h[ mu* m importance ! "o art is ?an ! o!r2 h[ mu* m nice & subtle 9 its nature1 :i* r5d]s x m difficult to be acquir$1 & consequ5tly dem&s m ! b5efit ( in/ruction4 ,accord+ly1 ! bad fruits ( ?is neglect are e day p]ceiv$4 ,ea* man's exp]i5ce w tell him1 h[ few public read]s1 or speak]s1 he has he>d acquit !mselves well2 & ev5 ( ^? few1 ^? v few1 :o h acquir$ any "n 9 t way1 x w\ld be f\nd1 ^u a critical inquiry1 t !y h1 = ! mo/ "p1 b a comp>ative excell5ce2 & t _! sup]iority ov] o!rs arises f pre-em95ce 9 ! natural faculties ( spee*1 & an happi] con/ruction ( ! organs1 r ?an any skill1 or ma/]y1 9 ! art ( elocution4 ,x is ?us t1 9 c\ntries :]e music is le>n$ by ! e> only1 !y :o h ! nice/ e>1 & mo/ tuneable voices1 w pass = ! be/ s+]s1 &1 ( c\rse1 be acc\nt$ excell5t4 ,b1 :5 !y come to be comp>$ ) ^? ( ano!r c\ntry1 regul>ly tra9$ 9 ! art ( music1 x w soon be p]ceiv$1 :at amaz+ advantages su* culture has giv5 to ! latt] s+]s ov] ! =m]2 n only 9 po9t ( musical skill1 & v>iety ( tones1 b also 9 ! va/ improvem5t made 9 ! s++ in/rum5t itself1 ) respect to all its p[]s ( sweetness1 /r5g?1 volubility1 or expression1 :i* h be5 gradually br\ght =w>d to _! utmo/ p]fection4 ,c\ld "s ( ! orators ( old arise f ! dead1 & be confront$ ) ! be/ ( ^! times1 p]haps ! diff]5ce w\ld be /ill m /rik+4 ,!re _c be a m flagrant pro( ( ! pref]5ce giv5 to ! inf]ior species ( language1 ov] t ( ! nobl] k9d2 nor1 at ! same "t1 "o :i* w af=d a m gl>+ in/ance ( ! uncontrolable p[] ( fa%ion1 h[ev] absurdly f\nd$1 ?an :5 we reflect1 t x is reckon$ a great disgrace = a g5tleman to spell ill1 ?\gh n to speak or read ill3 & yet1 if we 7 to weigh ^! defects 9 ! true balance1 & consid] !m only ) respect to ! bad consequ5ces :i* foll[ f ea*1 ! =m] w appe> to be sc>ce an object wor?y ( our att5tion1 & ! latt] ought to excite univ]sal indignation4 ,a g5tleman writes a lett] to 8 fri5d1 or ^u bus9ess 7! *ief use :i* g5tlem5 9 g5]al make ( writ+72 !re are _m words 9 x mis-spelt2 ?is is a great sc&al1 & less5s him 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o read x3 & yet1 :]e is ! mighty matt] 9 ?is6 ,! unusual mann] ( plac+ lett]s 9 words1 gives no pa9 to ! organs ( sight2 ! read] c soon correct any error2 or1 if he %\ld be puzzl$1 he c take "t to exam9e & make out ! s5se by ! context2 & !n ! end ( ! lett] is answ]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a man %all rise up 9 a public assembly1 &1 )\t ! lea/ m>k ( %ame1 deliv] a disc\rse to _m hundr$ auditors1 9 su* disagreeable tones1 & unh>moni\s cad5ces1 z to disgu/ e e>2 & ) su* improp] & false use ( emphasis1 z to conceal or p]v]t ! s5se & all ?is )\t fe> ( any consequ5tial disgrace1 quia def5dit num]us4 ,:5 we consid] t ?is is (t5 done on ! mo/ aweful occasions1 9 ! v s]vice ( ! ,mo/ ,high6 at times :5 words1 deliv]$ ) due =ce & en]gy1 might be productive ( ! noble/ consequ5ces to society1 af=d ! highe/ delight to ! auditory1 & give hon\r & dignity to ! p]son ( ! speak]1 may we n ju/ly cry out1 ,o cu/om6 ?\ art prop]ly call$ second nature1 ) respect to ! imm5sity ( ?y p[]2 b ?\ usurpe/ h] place1 ?\ art h] tyrant1 ?\ trample/ h] "u foot1 & ) ?y scept] ( iron1 ?\ swaye/ ! p[]s ( reason & tru? at ?y w6 ,inde$1 no?+ b su* an uncontrolable p[]1 c\ld possibly h made a civiliz$ & enlight5$ p cont9ue1 = su* a l5g? ( "t1 9 a c\rse s opposite to all ! rules ( common s5se4 ,= ^u f>!r exam9ation x w appe>1 t ev5 ! writt5 language1 to :i* !y solely apply1 c nev] rea* ! p]fection :]e( x is capable1 nor answ] its noble/ purposes1 )\t ! previ\s cultivation ( t :i* is spok54 ,:5 x is consid]$ t articulate s\nds or words are ! types ( ideas1 & t writt5 *>act]s are ! types ( articulate s\nds or words1 x is evid5t t all ! qualities ( ! latt] mu/ be circumscrib$ by ! =m]1 z ! type _c exce$ its ar*etype4 ,accord+ly we f9d1 t ! *>ms ( /yle1 9 ! writ]s ( all ages & c\ntries1 h aris5 f ! beauty ( ! language spok5 9 ^? c\ntries2 & ! beauty ( language arose n f *ance1 b culture2 = x is n "t1 b c>e1 t w br+ a language to p]fection4 ,if "t alone w\ld d1 ^? ( ! mo/ b>b>\s nations 9 ! _w1 ought to be sup]ior to ^? ( ! mo/ civiliz$1 z !y are inf9itely m anci5t4 ,x 0 to ! con/ant pa9s & lab\r1 ! /udy & application successively giv5 by ! *oice/ wits1 & m5 ( brighte/ p>ts 9 ea* age1 to ! improvem5t & e/abli%m5t ( _! native tongues1 t we owe ^? two glori\s languages ( ,greece & ,rome1 :i* h ju/ly be5 ! wond] ( ! _w1 & :i* w la/ to ! end ( "t4 ,& is x n ow+ to ! excell5ce ( _! languages1 t ! noble works ( _! writ]s h be5 pres]v$8 ,_h ,demo/h5es writt5 8 orations 9 su* a language z ,high ,dut*1 or ,virgil 8 poems 9 su* a "o z ,iri% or ,wel%1 _! names w\ld n long h outliv$ !mselves4 ,t ! /ate ( all ! m elegant & beautiful compositions1 & ! effects :i* !y are capable ( produc+1 mu/ *iefly dep5d ^u ! art ( speak+1 may be cle>ly d$uc$ f consid]+ ! nature & ends ( su* writ+s4 ,by ! art ( writ+1 s5tim5ts c be communicat$1 ei!r ?r\gh ! eye only1 or ?r\gh ! eye & e> toge!r1 to individuals2 or ?r\gh ! e> only to numb]s2 ! fir/ ( ^!1 by sil5t read+1 ! o!r two1 by read+ al\d4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ideas ( ?+s are excit$ by writt5 words1 z ! symbols ( words spok52 & by association1 ! idea ( ! s\nds also :i* accompany ^? words4 ,n[ at ! be/1 suppos+ ! ideas ( ! prop]e/ s\nds1 7 always to be associat$ by ! sil5t read]1 ! effect ( any composition mu/ be mu* weak] ?an if x 7 spok51 z f> z ideas fall %ort ( realities4 ,b if1 ?r\gh ignorance 9 ! art ( speak+1 or ?r\gh vici\s habits1 he annexes ! ideas ( wrong s\nds & tones to ! words1 x is impossible he c p]ceive ! true =ce & beauty ( ! composition1 s f> at lea/ z !y dep5d ^u s\nd & tone4 ,to trace ?is cu/om1 !re=e1 to its orig9al1 may n only be a matt] ( curiosity1 b1 by %ew+ ! weakness ( its f\ndation1 tempt u to aboli% x1 & sub/itute a nobl] "o 9 its room4 ,:5 our sy/em ( education 0 fir/ e/abli%$ on ! revival ( lit]ature1 by means ( ! introduction ( ! languages ( ,greece & ,rome1 m5's ?\ghts 7 :olly turn$ to books1 & consequ5tly to writt5 language4 ,! ,engli%1 !n poor & b>b>\s1 0 soon supplant$ by ! ri*]1 & m poli%$ ,lat94 ,! s]vice ( ! *ur* 0 9 ,lat91 ! laws 9 ,lat94 ,! religi\s controv]sies :i* embroil$ all ,europe1 aft] ! writ+s ( ,lu!r & ,calv9 _h appe>$1 7 all c>ri$ on 9 ,lat94 ,m5 ( ! brighte/ p>ts ?r\gh\t ,europe1 7 necess>ily engag$ 9 ! close/ application to t language1 :i* became ! univ]sal vehicle ( kn[lege1 9 all works ( g5ius & le>n+4 ,no 0 its use conf9$ to writ+ only1 b x 0 also adopt$ into spee* among/ ! polite2 x reviv$1 9 a mann]1 f its tomb1 & once m became a liv+ tongue4 ,n1 inde$1 9 its orig9al beauty & /r5g?2 x might r be consid]$ z ! gho/ ( ! old ,roman1 haunt+ diff]5t c\ntries 9 diff]5t %apes4 ,= z ! true pronunciation ( a dead language c\ld n be kn[n1 ea* nation gave to x ! s\nds :i* belong$ to _! own2 & consequ5tly x diff]$ z mu* 9 po9t ( s\nd 9 ! sev]al c\ntries :]e x 0 spok51 z ! native tongues diff]$ f ea* o!r 9 t respect4 ,b z !y all agre$ 9 "o uni=m mann] ( writ+ x1 = :i* !y _h models be=e !m1 9 ! works ( ! anci5ts1 we ne$ n wond] t ! *ief att5tion 0 giv5 to ! writt5 language1 9 pref]5ce to t :i* 0 spok51 z !y _h sure rules to guide !m 9 ! "o1 & none at all 9 ! o!r4 ,lat9 words1 ^u pap]1 7 univ]sally intelligible to all nations1 z !y all agre$ 9 ! or?ography1 or true mann] ( writ+ !m1 ?\gh !y 7 f> f agree+ ) respect to ! or?oepy1 or true mann] ( pron\nc+ !m2 9 :i* ! diff]5ce 0 s great1 t ! p ( "o c\ntry c\ld sc>ce und]/& ,lat91 or "k x to be ! same language1 :5 pron\nc$ by ^? ( ano!r4 ,?is w suffici5tly acc\nt = ! fa%ion :i* prevail$ 9 ^? days univ]sally1 ( apply+ _! "t *iefly to ! acquisition ( skill 9 lett]s1 n s\nds2 9 writ+1 n speak+2 9 words pres5t$ to ! eye by ! sure p51 n 9 ^? (f]$ to ! e> by ! unc]ta9 or errone\s tongue4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 "s ( ! nations ( ,europe wisely set ab\t ! cultivation ( _! native tongues1 9 proportion z !y grew m p]fect1 ! ,lat9 fell into disuse2 till at la/ x 0 r$uc$ to its =m] /ate ( a dead language1 & conf9$ *iefly to books4 ,b :il/ ! ,italians1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani>ds 7 vy+ ) ea* o!r1 9 ! improvem5ts ( _! sev]al tongues1 by giv+ all mann] ( enc\ragem5t to s useful a "w1 by e/abli%+ sev]al societies & academies = ! purpose1 f ^: jo9t lab\rs excell5t gramm>s & diction>ies 7 produc$2 by ! assi/ance ( :i*1 & ! in/ruction ( ma/]s1 n only natives1 b =eign]s might acquire ! mo/ accurate kn[lege ( ^? tongues ) ease2 ! ,engli% alone rema9$ 9 ! old track1 & nev] to ?is h\r1 ei!r by public or private enc\ragem5t1 h tak5 "o /ep t[>ds regulat+ or asc]ta9+ !irs4 ,& yet ?is seems to h be5 a po9t ( mu* m mom5t to !m1 & to :i* !y 7 9 a m peculi> mann]1 & mu* e>li] call$ ^u to give _! att5tion1 z ! *ur* s]vice1 ^u ! re=mation1 0 p]=m$ 9 _! own tongue1 :i* is n ! case to ?is day 9 ^? c\ntries1 :]e ,lat9 /ill ma9ta9s t po/4 ,! ref9]s ( ^? liv+ languages ju/ly gave great att5tion to s\nd & pronunciation1 9 ! regulations :i* !y e/abli%$2 ! ,engli%1 :o f ! nature ( _! con/itution & public wor%ip1 _h inf9itely m occasion = ! ref9em5t & regulation ( _! tongue 9 t respect1 left !irs :olly to *ance4 ,nor are we to wond] at ?is1 :5 we consid] t we h made no alt]ation 9 our in/itutions1 ) ! alt]ation ( times & circum/ances4 ,our e/abli%m5ts = tra9+ y\?1 pursue inv>iably ! same plan1 & inculcate only ! same /udies1 :i* !y did be=e ! re=mation1 :5 ,lat9 0 ! univ]sal language2 nor has any *ange be5 made s9ce ! ,engli% came into g5]al use4 ,at t "t !re 0 no necessity to apply to ! /udy ( x2 & ! b>b>\s /ructure ( its words c\ld af=d no inducem5t to try :at might be done 9 x1 by ! p[] ( s\nds4 ,accord+ly ^? :o taught ,engli%1 7 among/ ! mo/ ignorant ( mank9d4 ,_! :ole bus9ess 0 only to tea* pupils ! lett]s1 to spell1 & read words1 no matt] ) :at k9d ( tones1 s z !y 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! *>act]s1 9 ord] to fit !m = ! ,lat9 s*ool2 :]e ! le>n$ languages only be+ ! object ( att5tion1 _! f>!r progress 9 ,engli% 0 neglect$4 ,is n ?is ! case at ?is day8 ,are n ! rudim5ts ( ,engli% n[ taught by l[ & ignorant ma/]s1 = wret*$ /ip5ds1 & = ! same ends8 ,is x aft]w>ds any-:]e regul>ly taught8 ,does n ,lat9 /ill cont9ue to be ! *ief language taught 9 s*ools1 9 ! same mann] z :5 x 0 ! *ief language us$ on all ! important occasions ( life8 ,only ) ?is diff]5ce1 t :il/ x 0 9 a mann] a liv+ tongue1 by be+ us$ 9 conv]sation1 m c>e 0 probably tak5 ) reg>d to pronunciation1 :i* at pres5t is *iefly transf]r$ to und]/&+ & writ+ x correctly2 & :oev] has a m9d to make himself ma/] ( ^? po9ts1 may h all ! guidance ( rules1 & aid ( preceptors3 b ) reg>d to ! ,engli%1 he is left to make 8 own way1 z well z he c4 ,?is w s]ve z an explanation ( _m extraord9>y pha5om5a 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,su* z1 t !re are numb]s :o und]/& ,lat9 well1 :o d n und]/& _! native tongue4 ,t !re are _m :o c write ,lat9 elegantly1 :o are rem>kably incorrect 9 _! ,engli% /yle4 ,& t !re are _m :o c produce excell5t compositions bo? 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%1 :o c nei!r read al\d1 or repeat ^? v compositions ) tol]able propriety1 mu* less ) grace4 ,( ^! facts1 ,i d>e v5ture to say1 !re is n "o ( my he>]s :o _c imm$iately sugge/ to himself suffici5t in/ances4 ,! natural consequ5ce1 inde$1 ( neglect+ ! art ( elocution1 is t ( r$uc+ a liv+ language at be/ to ! /ate ( a dead "o4 ,= 9 j & true elocution alone1 consi/s ! life ( language2 t :i* is false or disagreeable1 places x bel[ its dead writt5 /ate1 by ! uneas9ess & disgu/ :i* x occasions4 ,if language1 :5 spok51 gives no pleasure1 if x excites no emotions1 x is 9 t case1 = ! m]e purpose ( in=mation1 f> bel[ t :i* is writt52 inasmu* z ! read] ( words c take 8 own "t to make himself ma/] ( _! mean+1 & consid] _! =ce4 ,b if public speak+ 9 any c\ntry %\ld 9 g5]al r give pa9 ?an pleasure1 occasion satiety1 in/ead ( r\z+ att5tion1 & f> f illu/rat+1 %\ld r5d] ! s5tim5ts obscure1 ! p ( t c\ntry w be necessitat$ to give _! att5tion to writt5 language2 !y mu/ pref] ! inv5tion ( man1 to ! gift ( ,god2 & ! noble/ ends1 & highe/ delights :i* language c answ] or af=d1 w be fru/rat$ & lo/4 ,:e!r we are 9 t condition or n1 let our army ( writ]s1 & sc>city ( speak]s decl>e4 ,!y :o h se5 9 ! cle>e/ light ! fatal consequ5ces ( ?is c\rse1 did n1 at ! same "t1 see ! only me?od by :i* x might be *ang$4 ,!y did n "k h[ impregnable are ! bulw>ks :i* surr\nd ! =tress ( cu/om to all attacks by /orm1 ?\gh !y may easily be r$uc$ by sapp+ ! f\ndations4 ,& ?\gh ! tyrant may be de?ron$ by reason2 yet _c reason supply 8 place4 ,8 scept] c be wield$ only by "o ( 8 own race1 & cu/om alone c succe$ to cu/om4 ,all t reason c d1 is to preside at ! election1 & endeav\r to fix ! *oice on ! mo/ wor?y4 ,till a new cu/om1 !re=e1 %all h op5$ ! way to skill 9 ! art ( speak+1 s t x may be z easily & c]ta9ly atta9able1 by pursu+ t road1 z skill 9 ! art ( writ+ n[ is1 by pursu+ ! o!rs1 ! latt] pa? mu/ cont9ue to be mo/ frequ5t$4 ,& no?+ c assi/ ! new cu/om 9 its progress1 b ! same means t br\ght =w>d ! old4 ,! art ( speak+1 l t ( writ+1 mu/ be r$uc$ to a sy/em2 x mu/ h sure & suffici5t rules to guide su* z apply to ! /udy ( x2 x mu/ h ma/]s to tea* x1 & to en=ce ! rules by examples4 ,?is alone c ensure success to ! /udi\s 9 t way2 & till t be done1 x _c be expect$ t _m w employ _! "t 9 labori\s rese>*es into an intricate1 difficult1 & obscure subject1 )\t ! lea/ moral c]ta9ty ( atta9+ _! po9t1 :5 a cle>1 obvi\s1 & c]ta9 me?od lies op5 to !m1 ( arriv+ at1 :at !y imag9e to be1 ! same end4 ,b _h !y a l c]ta9ty ( success 9 ! "o way1 z 9 ! o!r1 !re _c be any d\bt to :i* ! pref]5ce w\ld be giv51 n only on acc\nt ( ! sup]ior advantages result+ f x1 b also ! sup]ior pleasure :i* w\ld att5d _! progress1 & ! delight :i* w\ld cr[n ! atta9m5t ( t art4 ,h[ exquisite t mu/ h be5 :5 eloqu5ce 0 at its height1 may be ga!r$ f ! te/imony ( ,cic]o1 :o1 9 8 ,brutus1 does n scruple to affirm1 ,t nei!r ! fruits nor glory :i* he d]iv$ f eloqu5ce1 gave him s mu* delight z ! /udy & practice ( ! art itself4 ,8 words are1 ,dic5di autem me non tam fructus gloria1 quam /udium ipsum ex]citatioque delectat4 ,! neglect1 !re=e1 to ?is h\r1 ( s useful1 s necess>y1 s delightful an art1 may well excite wond] & amazem5t4 ,&1 inde$1 x is h>dly possible1 b t x %\ld long ere ?is h got "s foot+ among/ u1 _h n all1 :o h po9t$ out ! defect1 & propos$ me?ods ( supply+ x1 agre$ 9 lay+ ! blame at ! wrong door1 & consequ5tly po9t+ to a wrong qu>t] = r$ress4 ,?us ! nation 9 g5]al1 influ5c$ by _! s5tim5ts1 has1 f ye> to ye>1 wait$ l ! c\ntryman1 ---- dum defluat amnis3 ,at ille ,labitur1 labetur 9 omne volubilis aevum4 ,all writ]s on ?is subject h agre$ 9 lay+ ! fault on ! s*ools & univ]sities1 & t ! r$ress c only come f !m4 ,?an :i* !re _c be any ?+ m unju/ z to ! *>ge1 nor m ill-f\nd$ ?an ! conclusion4 ,?us ! au?or ( ! ,spectator says----,we mu/ be> ) ?is false mode/y 9 our "y nobility & g5try1 till !y cease at ,ox=d & ,cambridge to gr[ dumb 9 ! /udy ( eloqu5ce4 ,& "o ( ! bi%op ( ,cloyne's qu]ies is1 ,:e!r half ! le>n+ & /udy ( ^! k+doms is n useless1 = want ( a prop] deliv]y & pronunciation be+ taught 9 our s*ools & colleges8 ,mr4 ,locke be>s h>d ^u ! ma/]s1 = n in/ruct+ _! pupils 9 ,engli%1 z well z ,lat9 & ,greek1 9 ! foll[+ passage4 ,to write & speak correctly1 gives a grace1 & ga9s a fav\rable att5tion to :at "o has to say3 & s9ce x is ,engli% t an ,engli% g5tleman w h con/ant use (1 t is ! language he %\ld *iefly cultivate1 & :]e9 mo/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to poli% & p]fect 8 /yle4 ,?is ,i f9d univ]sally neglect$1 nor no c>e tak5 any-:]e to improve "y m5 9 _! own language1 t !y may ?or\ghly und]/& & be ma/]s ( x4 ,if any "o among u h a facility or purity m ?an ord9>y 9 8 "m tongue1 x is ow+ to *ance1 or 8 g5ius1 or any ?+1 r ?an to 8 education1 or any c>e ( 8 tea*]4 ,to m9d :at ,engli% 8 pupil speaks or writes1 is bel[ ! dignity ( "o br$ up among/ ,greek & ,lat91 ?\gh he h b little ( !m himself4 ,^! are ! le>n$ languages1 fit only = le>n$ m5 to m$dle )1 & tea*2 ,engli% is ! language ( ! illit]ate vulg>3 ?\gh yet we see ! polity ( "s ( our neighb\rs ha? n ?\ght x b5ea? ! public c>e to promote & rew>d ! improvem5t ( _! own language4 ,poli%+ & enri*+ _! tongue1 is no small bus9ess among/ !m2 x ha? colleges & /ip5ds appo9t$ x2 & !re is rais$ among/ !m a great ambition & emulation ( writ+ correctly3 & we see :at !y are come to by x1 & h[ f> !y h spread "o ( ! wor/ languages possibly 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 if we look ^u x z x 0 9 "s few reigns backw>ds1 :atev] x be n[4 ,! great m5 among ! ,romans 7 daily ex]cis+ !mselves 9 _! own tongue2 & we f9d yet ^u record ! names ( orators1 :o taught "s ( _! emp]ors ,lat91 ?\gh x 7 _! "m tongue4 ',tis pla9 ! ,greeks 7 yet m nice 9 !irs3 all o!r spee* 0 b>b>\s to !m b _! own2 & no =eign language appe>s to h be5 /udi$ or valu$ among/ t le>n$ & acute p2 ?\gh x be pa/ d\bt t !y borr[$ _! le>n+ & philosophy f abroad4 ,to ?is ,mr4 ,locke adds1 ,i am n "h speak+ aga9/ ,greek & ,lat92 ,i ?9k !y ought to be /udi$1 & ! ,lat9 at lea/ und]/ood well by e g5tleman4 ,b :atev] =eign languages a "y man m$dles )1 7& ! m he kn[s1 ! bett]7 t :i* he %\ld critically /udy1 & lab\r to get a facility1 cle>ness1 & elegancy to express himself 91 %\ld be 8 own2 & to ?is purpose he %\ld daily be ex]cis$ 9 x4 ,to ! same effect1 h _m o!r em95t au?ors writt5 on ?is subject2 b surely !y mu/ h be5 "u ! influ5ce ( /rong prejudice1 to *>ge m5 ) neglect ( po9ts1 :i* d n at all belong to _! (fice2 & ) ! omission ( /udies & arts1 :i* !y nev] pr(ess to tea*4 ,a ma/] ( a gramm>-s*ool is to tea* gramm>1 n oratory2 he is to tea* ,lat91 & ,greek1 n ,engli%4 ,& ?is is :at all ma/]s ( end[$ s*ools are b\nd to d2 & x is ^u ^! t]ms1 t all o!rs receive _! pay4 ,b x may be said1 t ^! /udies might be add$ to ! o!rs1 & taught at ! same "t4 ,surely1 !y :o say s1 h n giv5 !mselves "t to reflect on ! nature ( ^! /udies1 or ! /ate ( our e/abli%$ mode ( education2 else !y w\ld see t :at !y expect is an absolute impossibility4 ,c any man communicate m kn[lege ?an he is himself possess$ (8 ,c any man tea* an art :i* he nev] le>n$8 ,c any man in/ruct o!rs 9 a language1 9 :i* he nev] 0 in/ruct$8 ,c ei!r any art or language be regul>ly taught )\t a well dige/$ sy/em ( rules8 ,& if no su* sy/em has hi!rto be5 =m$1 ei!r ) respect to ! ,engli% language1 or ! art ( speak+ x1 h[ %all any man set ab\t tea*+ !m8 ,x w be said1 t x is a %ame = a ma/] to be ignorant ( ^!4 ,b :y m a %ame = him1 ?an any o!r g5tleman :o has be5 tra9$ exactly 9 ! same way8 or :y is m expect$ f him8 ,because x w\ld be ( great b5efit to 8 pupils4 ,s x might1 b if 9 8 c\rse ( education1 previ\s to 8 ent]+ ^u t employm5t1 he has _h no lights giv5 him z to ^? po9ts1 is he likely to f9d mu* leisure 9 s labori\s an (fice1 to inve/igate ! pr9ciples ( an unpractis$ art1 or ! rules ( an un/udi$ language8 ,x is probable t he w\ld make a great] progress 9 t way1 ?an o!rs ( equal abilities1 & equal advantages ( education1 :o h d$icat$ :ole lives ( leisure to ^? /udies1 )\t ev] arriv+ at ! end propos$8 ,b suppose he c\ld tea* !m1 h[ c\ld he f9d "t to d x8 ,! l[ /ip5d :i* cu/om has e/abli%$1 z ! pay to ma/]s ( gramm>-s*ools1 obliges mo/ ( !m to take su* numb]s ( s*ol>s "u _! c>e1 ev5 to get a tol]able subsi/5ce1 t x is ) ! utmo/ difficulty !y are at pres5t able to prep>e !m = ! univ]sity1 9 ! usual "t allott$ = t purpose1 by tea*+ only ,greek & ,lat92 h[ is x !n possible = !m to ?9k ( introduc+ ! /udy ( new ?+s1 :i* w\ld require ne>ly z mu* "t & pa9s1 z ^? :i* !y are b\nd to tea*1 & :i* !y _c accompli%1 )\t ! utmo/ /ret* ( application8 ,?\gh1 inde$1 consid]+ ! sal>ies paid by p>5ts to ma/]s ( gramm>-s*ools1 t !y are ne> half ( :at !y pay _! grooms1 & t !y are at lea/ a full f\r?1 if n a ?ird1 ( :at !y pay to ! danc+ ma/] or f5c+ ma/]1 ! music or rid+ ma/]1 ! tea*] ( ,fr5* or ,italian1 x mu/ be all[$ t !y h a j "r to expect t ^? two sup]num]>y /udies %\ld be ?r[n into ! b>ga94 ,nor w\ld x be at all surpris+1 if "s p>5ts %\ld also expect ( ! ma/] ( a gramm>-s*ool1 t he %\ld tea* _! sons to dance1 because he has legs1 & c walk2 z well z t he %\ld tea* !m ! art ( speak+1 because he has a tongue1 & c talk4 ,if no att5tion has be5 giv5 to ^! po9ts 9 ! previ\s "p ( education1 :at reason h we to suppose t ! evil c be rem$i$ at ! univ]sities8 ,! bus9ess ( tutors & pr(essors !re1 is to f9i% "y g5tlem5 9 su* /udies z !y _h begun at s*ool1 or to in/ruct !m 9 su* new arts & sci5ces1 z !y are oblig$ by _! sev]al e/abli%m5ts to tea*4 ,if ! ,engli% language1 & ! art ( speak+1 be n 9 ! numb] ( ^?1 :at reason h we to expect t !y %\ld be taught8 ,:oev] dis*>ges 8 duty1 9 :at he pr(esses to tea*1 w f9d b little leisure to att5d to any ?+ else2 or if a few %\ld attempt x1 !y w\ld ^u trial f9d1 t !y c\ld make s little progress 9 in/ruct+ o!rs )\t ! help ( rules or pr9ciples1 & !y w\ld meet su* ob/acles 9 _! way1 on acc\nt ( invet]ate bad habits contract$ ?r\gh e>ly neglect1 z w\ld soon make !m give up ! volunt>y & fruitless lab\r4 ,! reason1 !re=e1 t ! belles lettres1 & philosophy 9 all its bran*es1 are ! only ?+s n[ taught 9 a c\rse ( lib]al education1 is obvi\s en\gh2 because x is = ^? only t in/itutions & end[m5ts h be5 made2 by :i* means !y h be5 r$uc$ to sy/ems1 & are regul>ly taught2 !y :o h be5 regul>ly in/ruct$ !mselves1 c tea* o!rs by ! same rules2 & !y are induc$ to take ^u !m ! (fice ( in/ruct+ o!rs1 f ! rew>ds & emolum5ts :i* att5d x4 ,f an opposite cause x is1 t ! ,engli% language & ! art ( speak+ are n taught2 because !re are no in/itutions or e/abli%m5ts = ! purpose2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !y h n be5 r$uc$ to sy/ems1 or taught by rule2 & no "o c regul>ly in/ruct ano!r 9 :at he has n regul>ly acquir$ himself2 nor are !re hi!rto any rew>ds or emolum5ts annex$ to su* an (fice4 ,t !re has be5 no enc\ragem5t giv51 to ?is day1 = ! e/abli%m5t & cultivation ( two su* important articles to all ,briti% subjects1 c be acc\nt$ = on no o!r pr9ciple1 b t ( cu/om1 f\nd$ ^u ! /ronge/ prejudice4 ,f ! fir/ "t t a ,lat9 gramm> is put into our h&s1 we are taught to believe1 t a complete kn[lege ( ,lat9 & ,greek w ( c\rse give a complete kn[lege ( ,engli%2 t read+ ! anci5t writ]s ^u oratory w furni% u ) all ! p[]s ( elocution2 t ! same ma/] :o in/ructs pupils 9 ! "o1 c also tea* ! o!r2 & t1 !re=e1 any p>ticul> e/abli%m5ts = ^? purposes w\ld be unnecess>y3 & ?is prepossession has be5 s e>ly 9 life1 & ) su* =ce /amp$ ^u u1 t nei!r ! exp]i5ce ( m ?an two c5turies1 nor daily demon/ration to ! contr>y1 are able to erase x4 ,nor ne$ we wond]1 t ! prejudice has be5 s univ]sal1 :5 we reflect t "s ( ! mo/ em95t m5 t ^! c\ntries h produc$ 7 /rongly t9ctur$ ) x3 nay1 :5 we f9d1 9 ! passage be=e quot$1 t ! cle>-sight$ & c&id ,mr4 ,locke 0 s bl9d$ by x1 z n to see t1 9 ! v in/ance m5tion$ by him1 ) reg>d to ! ,fr5*1 he _h attribut$ our defici5cy to a wrong cause4 ,= ?\gh he has laid ! :ole blame ( ! want ( culture & improvem5t 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 on ! ma/]s ( gramm>-s*ools1 yet he %ews cle>ly1 t ! culture & improvem5t ( ! ,fr5* took _! rise f ano!r s\rce2 :]e he says1 ',we see ! polity ( "s ( our neighb\rs ha? n ?\ght x b5ea? ! public c>e to promote & rew>d ! improvem5t ( _! own language4 ,poli%+ & enri*+ _! tongue is no small bus9ess among/ !m2 x ha? colleges & /ip5ds appo9t$ x2 & !re is rais$ among/ !m a great ambition & emulation ( writ+ correctly4' ,0 x n1 !re=e1 m natural to impute ! l[ /ate ( ,engli% among/ u to ! want ( su* in/itutions & enc\ragem5t1 ?an to ! neglect ( ma/]s :o d n pr(ess to tea* x8 ,& 0 x n m rational to expect ! improvem5t ( our tongue f ! same me?ods :i* br\ght =w>d ! ,fr5*2 f public enc\ragem5t1 f colleges & /ip5ds appo9t$ x1 ?an f "o :i* nev] 0 f\nd to answ]1 nay1 :i*1 9 its own nature1 nev] c answ] ! end8 ,9 l mann]1 9 speak+ ( elocution1 he has imput$ our g5]al defici5cy 9 t po9t also1 to ! neglect ( ! ma/]s ( gramm>-s*ools2 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 he cle>ly po9ts out ! only means by :i* kn[lege 9 t art c be acquir$1 9 ^!-words3 ',?is 7speak+ ( elocution71 z all o!r ?+s ( practice1 is to be le>n$ n by a few1 or a great _m rules giv51 b by ex]cise & application1 accord+ to good rules1 or r patt]ns1 till habits are got1 & a facility ( do+ x well4' ,n[1 if !re be no su* sy/em ( rules 9 be+1 ) reg>d to ,engli% elocution1 h[ c a ma/] give 8 pupils practice accord+ to good rules8 ,or :at patt]n c he af=d !m1 b 9 himself8 ,& is su* a model likely to be a p]fect "o8 ,is x n probable1 t ma/]s ( gramm>-s*ools may h contract$ bad habits 9 t respect1 z well z any o!rs tra9$ 9 ! same way8 ,w ! pr(ession itself inspire !m ) propriety ( pronunciation1 prop] managem5t ( ! voice1 & graceful ge/ure & deportm5t8 ,x is "t to put an end to su* gross prejudice4 ,aft] wait+ = m ?an two c5turies1 to no purpose1 9 hopes t ?+s w\ld m5d 9 "o way1 x is m ?an "t t ano!r c\rse %\ld be tri$4 ,! only me?od :i* c be foll[$ ) success1 is obvi\s en\gh4 ,:5 ,cic]o gave a def9ition ( elocution1 he1 at ! same "t1 po9t$ out ! means by :i* x is to be acquir$4 ,8 words are ^!3 ,pronunciatio e/ vocis1 et vultus1 et ge/us mod]atio1 cum v5u/ate4 ,haec omnia tribus modis assequi pot]imus1 arte1 imitatione1 ex]citatione#ad4 ,"h we see t art is plac$ fir/2 &1 inde$1 )\t t guide our lab\r w\ld be ei!r fruitless1 or productive ( error4 ,imitation alone c g no f>!r ?an to give u ! mann] ( ^? :om we imitate2 if t be bad1 ! imitation ( x mu/ be s too2 b if x %\ld be good ^u ! :ole1 & faulty only 9 "p1 x do? n foll[ t we %all acquire bo? 9 ! same degree2 on ! contr>y1 x is g5]ally ! case1 t ! faulty "p only1 z be+ ! mo/ easily caught1 is ! consequ5ce ( imitation )\t art3 & practice gr\nd$ ^u su* imitation1 c only s]ve to confirm & rivet u 9 error4 ,footnote #ad3 ,elocution is ! prop] & graceful managem5t ( ! voice1 ! c\nt5ance & ge/ure 9 speak+4 ,^! we %all be able to acquire by ?ree ways1 art1 imitation1 practice4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 no?+ c be done )\t art1 & all art is f\nd$ ^u pr9ciples1 & %\ld be taught by rules1 ! fir/ necess>y /ep is1 to trace ! pr9ciples ( elocution4 ,^? once discov]$1 to e/abli% ^u !m a sy/em ( rules1 peculi>ly adapt$ to ! g5ius ( ! ,engli% tongue1 :]eby ! art ( elocution may be z regul>ly acquir$ z any o!r art n[ is1 & a kn[lege ( ,engli%1 s f> z reg>ds elocution1 me?odically obta9$4 ,to %ew t ?is is f> f be+ impracticable1 is "o ( ! *ief objects ( ! fir/ c\rse ( lectures :i* ,i propose to give ^u ^! subjects4 ,9 ?is c\rse ,i %all endeav\r to lay op5 ! pr9ciples ( elocution1 & ! peculi> con/itution ( ! ,engli% language1 ) reg>d to ! p[]s ( s\nd & numb]s1 9 a me?od1 :i* %\ld x prove to be z rational z x is new1 w1 ,i hope1 give ! au?or ( ^! lectures no cause to rep5t ( ! "t & pa9s :i* 8 rese>*es into ^! ab/ruse subjects h co/ him4 ,he hopes also to see "s good fruits imm$iately produc$ f ?is fir/ c\rse2 & t n only ! "y1 b ! adult1 :o %\ld n ?9k ^! po9ts bel[ _! att5tion1 may1 f ! kn[lege ( ^? pr9ciples1 & "s g5]al rules d$uc$ f !m1 h sure lights to guide !m 9 _! future enquiries into ^? subjects1 hi!rto involv$ 9 ! %ades ( d>kness2 or obscurely & falsely view$ ?r\gh ! mi/s ( error4 ,%\ld 8 pr9ciples be all[$ to be j1 & 8 sy/em s f> meet ) ! sanction ( m5 ( le>n+ & disc]nm5t1 he w be enc\rag$ to proce$ f a g5]al1 to a m p>ticul> c\rse2 9 :i* he hopes to give all necess>y lights to assi/1 n only speculation1 b practice2 & by go+ up to ! v fir/ elem5ts1 po9t out a regul> way by :i* *ildr5 may be rightly tra9$ 9 ! art ( speak+1 & kn[lege ( _! "m tongue1 f ! e>lie/ rudim5ts2 in/ead ( be+ necess>ily corrupt$ & l$ a/ray1 by ! false pr9ciples & rules :i* at pres5t are laid d[n to !m1 f ! mom5t ! prim] is put into _! h&s1 & ( ! bad effects ( :i*1 few ev] get ! bett] dur+ ! rema9d] ( _! lives4 ,%\ld x be kn[n 9 ! _w1 t a design 0 set on foot at ! univ]sities1 ( introduc+ ! /udy ( ! ,engli% language1 & ! art ( speak+1 ^u a practicable plan1 & 9 a sy/ematic way1 !re w\ld n be want+ all due enc\ragem5t to su* an und]tak+ f _m ( _! grateful (fspr+4 ,:at numb]s ( _! illu/ri\s sons1 :5 !y h ent]$ into life1 h _h occasion to lam5t1 t ?r\gh ! neglect ( ^! necess>y bran*es1 ! *ief advantages ( _! education h be5 conceal$ f ! _w2 & all _! funds ( kn[lege1 l ! ho>ds ( mis]s1 %ut up 9 _! own brea/s4 ,h[ _m well in/ruct$ m9ds1 & hone/ he>ts1 furni%$ ) ! means1 & mo/ ard5t incl9ation to s]ve _! c\ntry1 h sat /ill 9 sil5t indignation1 :]e h] int]e/s 7 ne>ly conc]n$1 = want ( a practis$ tongue to disclose :at pass$ 9 _! m9ds8 ,h[ _m ( our wise/ memb]s1 9 ! great national c\ncil1 has %ame on t score1 kept sil5t l ,mr4 ,addison8 ,& h[ _m o!rs1 aft] a few attempts1 h clos$ _! lips = ev]1 f self-disappo9tm5t1 9 n f9d+ _! utt]ance correspond to _! conceptions8 ,! exp]i5ce ( :at !y h suff]$ on su* occasions1 w tea* !m to feel1 & z f> z 9 !m lies1 to prev5t ! suff]+s ( o!rs 9 l circum/ances4 ,%\ld1 !re=e1 ^u a c&id exam9ation1 ! propos$ plan be judg$ practicable1 !re _c be any d\bt b t !re w\ld be _m f\nd suffici5tly jeal\s ( ! hon\r ( _! c\ntry1 to contribute to ! support ( su* an e/abli%m5t1 z might wipe away t /a9 ( b>b>ism :i* /ill re/s ^u ?is nation1 ( hav+ left _! language hi!rto to ! guidance ( *ance3 & :5 x is consid]$1 t no c\ntry ev] produc$ s _m in/ances ( private b5efactions = public s]vice1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! sem9>ies ( le>n+1 x is to be suppos$1 t1 9 case ( future end[m5ts1 a due att5tion w be paid to t language :i* is n[ solely us$ on all public occasions ?r\gh\t ^! realms1 & ^: improv$ /ate mu/ add to ! glory ( ! nation1 z well z to t art1 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 is mo/ likely to contribute to ! b5efit & ornam5t ( individuals1 & ( ! /ate 9 g5]al4 ,"h ,i _c help obs]v+1 h[ necess>y ! introduction ( ^! /udies w be to ! promot+1 & r5d]+ m effectual1 ! new in/itutions1 :i* h be5 lately adopt$ by ! wisdom ( ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,& fir/1 z to ! ,v9]ean end[m5t = ! /udy ( ! law4 ,x has be5 lately prov$1 by ! /ronge/ & cle>e/ argum5ts1 t n only !y :o int5d to make t _! pr(ession1 b t all g5tlem5 9 g5]al %\ld acquire a compet5t kn[lege 9 t bran*2 b m especially su* z h reason to expect t !y %all become memb]s ( ! legislative body4 ,w\ld x n be a /rong inducem5t to su* noblem5 or g5tlem5 to apply m closely to su* a /udy1 if1 at ! same "t1 !y 7 practis$ & p]fect$ 9 an art1 :i* alone c\ld enable !m to display to advantage _! sup]ior kn[lege 9 ! con/itution & laws ( _! c\ntry1 to _! own hon\r & cr$it1 & support ( t con/itution1 & ^? laws8 ,&1 ) respect to ,"l ,cl>5don's b5efaction = ! introduction ( ! bodily ex]cises1 t in/itution may n ( itself be f\nd a suffici5t inducem5t to prolong ! /ay ( "y g5tlem5 at ! univ]sity beyond ! usual "t1 or put an end to ! cu/om ( go+ ^u _! travels at ! mo/ unfit & dang]\s season ( life 7:i* has prov$ ! *ief bane ( our ,briti% y\?71 inasmu* z ^? ex]cises c also be acquir$ abroad2 &1 f caprice or fa%ion1 p]haps1 x w be ?\ght too 9 a m p]fect way4 ,b %\ld a critical inquiry into ! g5ius & p[]s ( _! own tongue succe$ to _! kn[lege ( ,lat9 & ,greek2 %\ld !y be regul>ly in/ruct$ & practis$ 9 ! art ( elocution1 9 all its v>i\s bran*es2 9 t case1 ! mo/ necess>y & ornam5tal ( all accompli%m5ts to ,briti% subjects c\ld be _h only 9 ?is c\ntry1 & w\ld ( c\rse deta9 !m f all =eign academies or ma/]s4 ,! v delight :i* w\ld accompany bo? ! speculative & practical "p ( ^? /udies1 w\ld hold !m by ! sure/ tie1 t ( incl9ation4 ,%\ld eloqu5ce1 t reg9a r]um1 e/abli% h] ?rone "h1 !y w\ld ) pleasure pay h] homage2 !y w\ld li/5 to ! voice ( ! *>m]1 f> sweet] ?an ! syr5's song2 nor w\ld !y quit ! academic grove1 till !y 7 ma/]s ( ! h>mony :i* reign$ !re4 ,possess$ ( t1 h[ gre$ily w\ld !y ho>d up kn[lege ( all k9ds1 :i* !y might !n be enabl$ to draw =? at w1 & display to ! utmo/ advantage6 ,!y w\ld n1 9 t case1 ?9k ( go+ into life1 till !y 7 well qualifi$ to dis*>ge :atev] (fice !y %\ld ent] ^u4 ,or su* z *ose to travel1 might !n d x ) great b5efit to !mselves1 & to _! c\ntry4 ,we %\ld n !n ne$ 7to make use ( a passage 9 ,milton7 ! ,monsieurs ( ,p>is to take our hopeful y\? into _! slight & prodigal cu/odies1 & s5d !m ov] back aga9 trans=m$ into mimics1 apes1 & kick%aws4 ,b if !y desire to see o!r c\ntries at two or ?ree-&-tw5ty ye>s ( age1 n to le>n pr9ciples1 b to enl>ge exp]i5ce1 & make wise obs]vation1 !y w1 by t "t1 be su* z %all des]ve ! reg>d & hon\r ( all m5 :]e !y pass1 & ! society & fri5d%ip ( ^? 9 all places1 :o are be/1 & mo/ em95t4 ,&1 p]haps1 !n o!r nations w be glad to visit u = _! bre$+1 or else to imitate u 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,or :e!r !y be to speak 9 p>liam5t or c\ncil1 hon\r & att5tion w\ld be wait+ on _! lips4 ,!re w\ld !n also appe> 9 pulpits o!r visages1 o!r ge/ures1 & /uff o!rwise wr\ght1 ?an :at we n[ sit "u1 (t-times to z great trial ( our pati5ce1 z any o!r t !y prea* to u4 ,z ! motives to ! /udy ( elocution w1 probably1 be all[$ to be suffici5tly /rong1 x w\ld be no small inducem5t to set ab\t ! "w ) vig\r1 if !re 7 reason to believe1 t ! spe$y accompli%m5t ( ! po9t w\ld foll[ ! attempt2 & t we h j gr\nds = su* an op9ion1 we may easily see1 by consid]+ ! /ate ( t art 9 ! only c\ntry :]e we c exactly trace its rise & progress4 ,we "k t 9 ,rome1 f ! "t t oratory 0 fir/ regul>ly taught !re z an art1 x arriv$ to its maturity 9 a v %ort space2 & if x c be %ewn1 t we enjoy great advantages ov] ! ,romans 9 all ! mat]ial po9ts necess>y to ! p]fection ( t art1 x is b reasonable to conclude1 t its progress "h might be /ill m rapid4 ,z ?is matt] has already be5 discuss$ 9 an essay1 call$1#ae ,briti% ,education1 & z ,i %all h suffici5t opportunities1 9 my c\rse ( lectures1 to prove all t has be5 !re advanc$1 x w\ld be unnecess>y1 9 ?is place1 to expatiate ^u ?is head4 ,& z ,i fe> t ,i h already exhau/$ y\r pati5ce1 ,i %all ha/5 to close1 ) ! same exhortation to ! revival ( ! art ( elocution1 :i* ,qu9tilian us$ to ! ,romans1 to engage !m 9 ! support ( x1 :5 9 its decl9+ /ate4 ,aft] hav+ invalidat$ sev]al objections to ! /udy ( t art1 he concludes ?us3 ,ante omnia sufficit ad exhortationem /udiorum1 non cad]e 9 r]um naturam1 ut quicquid non e/ factum1 ne fi]i quidem possit3 cum omnia quae magna sunt atque admirabilia1 tempus aliquod quo primum effic]5tur1 habu]9t4 ,v]um etiam si quis summa desp]et 7quod cur faciat1 cui +5ium1 valetudo1 facultas1 praeceptor1 non de]unt87 tam5 e/ 7ut ,cic]o ait7 pul*rum 9 secundis t]tiisque consi/]e4 ,adde quod magnos modica quoque eloqu5tia p>it fructus3 ac si quis haec /udia utilitate sola metiatur1 p5e illi p]fectae p> e/4 ,neque erat difficile1 vel vet]ibus1 vel novis exemplis palam fac]e2 non aliunde majores honores1 opes1 amicitias1 laudem praes5tem1 futuram1 hom9ibus contigisse1 si tam5 dignum lit]is esset1 ab op]e pul*]rimo1 7cujus tractatus1 atque ipsa possessio1 pl5issimam /udiis gratiam ref]t7 hanc m9orem exig]e m]c$em1 m eorum qui a se non virtutes1 s$ voluptatem quae fit ex virtutibus1 peti dicunt4 ,ipsam igitur or&i maje/atem1 qua nihil ,dii mortales melius hom9i d$]unt1 et qua remota muta sunt omnia1 et luce praes5ti et memoria po/]itatis c>5t1 toto animo petamus1 nitamurque semp] ad optima3 quod faci5tes1 aut evademus 9 summum1 aut c]te multos infra nos videbimus4 ,footnote #ae3 ,vide ,b4 ,i4 ,*4 xv4 ,b4 ,,ii4 ,*4 ix4 ,,f9is4 ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,text ,9 ! foll[+ notes1 numb]s ref] to pages & l9es 9 ! pres5t text4 ,all translations f ! ,lat9 are f ,loeb ,classical ,libr>y editions4 #f3a-h4 ,?omas ,%]idan1 ,briti% ,education 7,london1 #agef71 p4 #eb4 #f3bd-g3g4 ,ibid41 p4 #ec4 #ab3d-f4 ,a5eid1 ,v1 #aid4 ,trans4 ,h4 ,ru/on ,faircl\gh4 ,no m d ,i seek ! fir/ place 444 x 7 a %ame to return la/4 #ag3g-bb4 ,briti% ,education1 p4 #he4 #ag3bf-ah3ae4 ,ibid41 pp4 #he-hf4 #ai3bd-bj3e4 ,de ,oratore1 ,,iii4xxxv4#adc4 ,trans4 ,h4 ,rackham4 ,b if on ! contr>y we are try+ to f9d ! "o ?+ t /&s top ( ! :ole li/1 ! prize mu/ g to ! orator :o possesses ! le>n+4 ,& if !y all[ him also to be a philosoph]1 t is ! end ( ! dispute2 b if !y keep ! two sep>ate1 !y w come (f second be/ 9 ?is1 t ! consummate orator possesses all ! k ( ! philosoph]s1 b ! range ( philosoph]s does n necess>ily include eloqu5ce4 #cg3bb-bd4 ,brutus1 vi4 #bc4 #ch3aa-ab4 ,horace1 ,epi/les1 ,i4ii4#dc4 ,trans4 ,h4 ,ru/on ,faircl\gh4 444 wait+ = ! riv] to run out3 yet on x glides1 & on x w glide1 roll+ its flood =ev]4 #ch3bj-bc4 ,ri*>d ,/eele1 ,spectator1 #dhd1 #ae ,septemb] #agab4 #ch3be-ci3c4 ,george ,b]keley1 ,! ,qu]i/1 9 ,works1 ed4 ,a4 ,a4 ,luce & ,t4 ,e4 ,jessop 7,london1 #aidh71 ,,iv1 ,qu]y #bjc4 #ci3g-da3aa4 ,john ,locke1 ,"s ,?\ghts ,conc]n+ ,education1 9 ,works 7,london1 #ahbc71 ,,ix1 #aha-ahb4 #dg3aj-ai4 ,ibid41 p4 #ahb4 #dh3i-ae4 ,ibid41 p4 #agi4 ,%]idan indicates t ,locke is discuss+ elocution1 b 8 topic is writ+ & speak+4 #di3i-ac4 ,rhetorica ad ,h]5nium1 ,i4ii4#c4 #ef3ad-eg3c4 ,john ,milton1 ,( ,education1 ,works 7,new ,york1 #aica71 ,,iv1 #bij-bia4 #eg3c-aj4 ,ibid41 pp4 #bhf-bhg4 #eh3ag-ei3bc4 ,in/itutio ,oratoria1 ,,xii4xi4 #be-bf1 #bi-cj4 ,trans4 ,h4 ,e4 ,butl]4 ,to :i* ,i reply t suffici5t enc\ragem5t = /udy may be f\nd 9 ! fact1 fir/ly1 t nature does n =bid su* a*ievem5t & x does n foll[ t1 because a ?+ nev] has be5 done1 x !re=e nev] c be done1 & secondly1 t all great a*ievem5ts h requir$ "t = _! fir/ accompli%m5t4444 ,f9ally1 :atev] is be/ 9 its own sph]e mu/ at "s previ\s "t h be5 nonexi/5t4 ,b ev5 if a man despair ( rea*+ supreme excell5ce 7& :y %\ld he despair1 if he h tal5ts1 heal?1 capacity & tea*]s to aid him871 x is none ! less a f9e a*ievem5t1 z ,cic]o says1 to w9 ! rank ( second or ev5 ?ird4444 ,add to ?is ! fur!r consid]ation t ev5 mod]ate eloqu5ce is (t5 productive ( great results &1 if su* /udies are to be measur$ solely by _! utility1 is almo/ equal to ! p]fect eloqu5ce = :i* we seek4 ,nor w\ld x be difficult to produce ei!r anci5t or rec5t examples to %[ t !re is no o!r s\rce f :i* m5 h reap$ su* a h>ve/ ( weal?1 hon\r1 fri5d%ip & glory1 bo? pres5t & to come4 ,b x w\ld be a disgrace to le>n+ to foll[ ! fa%ion ( ^? :o say t !y pursue n virtue1 b only ! pleasure d]iv$ f virtue1 & to dem& ?is mean] recomp5se f ! noble/ ( all arts1 ^: practice & ev5 ^: possession is ample rew>d = all our lab\rs4 ,:]e=e let u seek ) all our he>ts t true maje/y ( oratory1 ! faire/ gift ( god to man1 )\t :i* all ?+s are /rick5 dumb & robb$ alike ( pres5t glory & ! immortal record ( po/]ity2 & let u press =w>d to :atsoev] is be/1 s9ce1 if we d ?is1 we %all ei!r rea* ! summit or at lea/ see _m o!rs f> b5ea? u4 ,,! ,,augu/an ,,repr9t ,,society ,,william ,,&rews ,,cl>k ,,memorial ,,libr>y ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia1 ,,los ,,angeles ,,publications ,,9 ,,pr9t ,illu/ration #aidh-aidi #af4 ,h5ry ,nevil ,payne1 ,! ,fatal ,jeal\sie 7#afgc74 #ah4 ,anonym\s1 ,( ,g5ius1 9 ,! ,occasional ,pap]1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #aj 7#agai71 & ,a>on ,hill1 ,preface to ,! ,creation 7#agbj74 #aidi-aiej #ai4 ,susanna ,c5tlivre1 ,! ,busie ,body 7#agji74 #bj4 ,lewis ,!obald1 ,preface to ! ,works ( ,%akespe>e 7#agcd74 #bb4 ,samuel ,johnson1 ,! ,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es 7#agdi71 & two ,rambl] pap]s 7#agej74 #bc4 ,john ,dryd51 ,8 ,maje/ies ,decl>ation ,def5d$ 7#afha74 #aiea-aieb #ca4 ,?omas ,gray1 ,an ,elegy ,wrote 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d 7#agea71 & ,! ,eton ,college ,manuscript4 #aieb-aiec #da4 ,b]n>d ,m&eville1 ,a ,lett] to ,dion 7#agcb74 #aifc-aifd #ajd4 ,?omas ,d',urfey1 ,wond]s 9 ! ,sun2 or1 ,! ,k+dom ( ! ,birds 7#agjf74 #aifd-aife #aaj4 ,john ,tut*91 ,select$ ,poems 7#afhe-agjj74 #aaa4 ,anonym\s1 ,political ,ju/ice 7#agcf74 #aab4 ,rob]t ,dodsley1 ,an ,essay on ,fable 7#agfd74 #aac4 ,t4 ,r41 ,an ,essay ,conc]n+ ,critical & ,curi\s ,le>n+ 7#afih74 #aad4 ,two ,poems ,aga9/ ,pope3 ,leon>d ,wel/$1 ,"o ,epi/le to ,mr4 ,a4 ,pope 7#agcj71 & ,anonym\s1 ,! ,blatant ,bea/ 7#agdb74 #aife-aiff #aae4 ,daniel ,defoe & o!rs1 ,acc\nts ( ! ,app>ition ( ,mrs4 ,veal4 #aaf4 ,*>les ,mackl91 ,! ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre 7#ageb74 #aag4 ,sir ,george ,l',e/range1 ,citt & ,bumpk9 7#afhj74 #aah4 ,h5ry ,m1 ,en?usiasmus ,triumphatus 7#affb74 #aai4 ,?omas ,trah]ne1 ,m$itations on ! ,six ,days ( ! ,creation 7#agag74 #abj4 ,b]n>d ,m&eville1 ,aesop ,dress'd or a ,collection ( ,fables 7#agjd74 #aiff-aifg #abc4 ,edmond ,malone1 ,cursory ,obs]vations on ! ,poems ,attribut$ to ,mr4 ,?omas ,r[ley 7#aghb74 #abd4 ,anonym\s1 ,! ,female ,wits 7#agjd74 #abe4 ,anonym\s1 ,! ,scribl]iad 7#agdb74 ,"l ,h]vey1 ,! ,diff]5ce ,betwe5 ,v]bal & ,practical ,virtue 7#agdb74 #abf4 ,le ,lutr93 an ,h]oick ,poem1 ,writt5 ,orig9ally 9 ,fr5* by ,monsieur ,boileau3 ,made ,engli% by ,n4 ,o4 7#afhb74 #aifg-aifh #abg-abh4 ,*>les ,mackl91 ,a ,w & ,no ,w1 or a ,bone = ! ,lawy]s 7#agdf74 ,! ,new ,play ,criticiz'd1 or ,! ,plague ( ,envy 7#agdg74 #abi4 ,lawr5ce ,e*>d1 ,prefaces to ,t]5ce's ,com$ies 7#afid7 & ,plautus's ,com$ies 7#afid74 #acj4 ,h5ry ,m1 ,democritus ,platonissans 7#afdf74 #aca4 ,john ,evelyn1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,sabatai ,sevi1 ,! ,suppos'd ,messiah ( ! ,jews 7#affi74 #acb4 ,walt] ,h>te1 ,an ,essay on ,satire1 ,p>ticul>ly on ! ,dunciad 7#agcj74 ,publications ( ! fir/ fifte5 ye>s ( ! ,society 7numb]s #a-ij7 are available 9 pap]b\nd units ( six issues at #af4jj p] unit1 f ! ,kraus ,repr9t ,company1 #af ,ea/ #df? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajjag4 ,publications 9 pr9t are available at ! regul> memb]%ip rate ( #e4jj ye>ly4 ,prices ( s+le issues may be obta9$ ^u reque/4 ,subsequ5t publications may be *eck$ 9 ! annual prospectus4 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y3 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,,! ,,augu/an ,,repr9t ,,society #bebj ,,cim>ron ,,/reet1 ,,los ,,angeles1 ,,cali=nia #ijjah ,g5]al ,editors3 ,william ,e4 ,conway1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y2 ,george ,rob]t ,guffey1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles2 ,maximillian ,e4 ,novak1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles ,correspond+ ,secret>y3 ,mrs4 ,edna ,c4 ,davis1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y ,! ,society's purpose is to publi% r>e ,re/oration & eighte5?-c5tury works 7usually z facsimile reproductions74 ,all income ( ! ,society is devot$ to defray+ co/s ( publication & mail+4 ,correspond5ce conc]n+ memb]%ips 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada %\ld be address$ to ! ,correspond+ ,secret>y at ! ,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y1 #bebj ,cim>ron ,/reet1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia4 ,correspond5ce conc]n+ editorial matt]s may be address$ to ! ,g5]al ,editors at ! same address4 ,manuscripts ( introductions %\ld con=m to ! recomm5dations ( ! ,,mla ,/yle ,%eet4 ,! memb]%ip fee is #e4jj a ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada & ,l#a4af4f 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,europe4 ,briti% & ,european prospective memb]s %\ld address ,b4 ,h4 ,blackwell1 ,broad ,/reet1 ,ox=d1 ,engl&4 ,copies ( back issues 9 pr9t may be obta9$ f ! ,correspond+ ,secret>y4 ,publications ( ! fir/ fifte5 ye>s ( ! ,society 7numb]s #a-ij7 are available 9 pap]b\nd units ( six issues at #af4jj p] unit1 f ! ,kraus ,repr9t ,company1 #af ,ea/ #df? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajjag4 ,make *eck or money ord] payable to ,,! ,,reg5ts ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,regul> ,,publications ,,= #aifh-aifi #acc4 ,john ,c\rt5ay1 ,a ,poetical ,review ( ! ,lit]>y & ,moral ,"* ( ! ,late ,samuel ,johnson 7#aghf74 ,introduction by ,rob]t ,e4 ,kelley4 #acd4 ,john ,d[nes1 ,roscius ,anglicanus 7#agjh74 ,introduction by ,john ,l(tis4 #ace4 ,sir ,john ,hill1 ,hypo*ondriasis1 a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,nature & ,cure ( t ,disord] ,call'd ! ,hyp or ,hypo 7#agff74 ,introduction by ,g4 ,s4 ,r\sseau4 #acf4 ,?omas ,%]idan1 ,disc\rse 444 ,be+ ,introductory to ,8 ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ,elocution & ! ,engli% ,language 7#agei74 ,introduction by ,g4 ,p4 ,mohrman4 #acg4 ,ar?ur ,murphy1 ,! ,engli%man ,f ,p>is 7#agef74 ,introduction by ,simon ,trefman4 ,previ\sly unpubli%$ manuscript4 #ach4 ,ca!r9e ,trott]1 ,ol9da's ,adv5tures 7#agah74 ,introduction by ,rob]t ,adams ,day4 ,,special ,,publication ,,= #aifh-aifi ,aft] ,,! ,,tempe/4 ,introduction by ,george ,rob]t ,guffey4 ,next 9 ! cont9u+ s]ies ( special publications by ! ,society w be ,aft] ,,! ,,tempe/1 a volume includ+ ! ,dryd5-,dav5ant v]sion ( ,! ,tempe/ 7#afgj72 ! op]atic ,tempe/ 7#afgd72 ,?omas ,duffet's ,mock-,tempe/ 7#afge72 & ! ,g>rick ,tempe/ 7#agef71 ) an ,introduction by ,george ,rob]t ,guffey4 ,already publi%$ 9 ?is s]ies are3 #a4 ,john ,ogilby1 ,! ,fables ( ,aesop ,p>aphras'd 9 ,v]se 7#affh71 ) an ,introduction by ,e>l ,m9]4 #b4 ,john ,gay1 ,fables 7#agbg1 #agch71 ) an ,introduction by ,v9ton ,a4 ,de>+4 #c4 ,elkanah ,settle1 ,! ,empress ( ,morocco 7#afgc7 ) five plates2 ,notes & ,obs]vations on ! ,empress ( ,morocco 7#afgd7 by ,john ,dryd51 ,john ,cr[ne & ,?omas ,%adwell2 ,notes & ,obs]vations on ! ,empress ( ,morocco ,revis$ 7#afgd7 by ,elkanah ,settle2 & ,! ,empress ( ,morocco4 ,a ,f>ce 7#afgd7 by ,?omas ,duffet2 ) an ,introduction by ,maximillian ,e4 ,novak4 ,price to memb]s ( ! ,society1 #b4ej = ! fir/ copy ( ea* title1 & #c4be = additional copies4 ,price to non-memb]s1 #d4jj4 ,/&+ ord]s = ?is cont9u+ s]ies ( ,special ,publications w be accept$4 ,briti% & ,european ord]s %\ld be address$ to ,b4 ,h4 ,blackwell1 ,broad ,/reet1 ,ox=d1 ,engl&4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! oe ligature has be5 exp&$4 ,punctuation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,spell+ & gramm> h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al publication4