,,?r\gh ,a ,,microscope    ,,some?+ ,,( 
,,! ,,sci5ce   ,,toge!r ,,) ,,_m        
,,curi\s ,,obs]vations   ,,indoor ,,&   
,,out   ,,& ,,directions ,,= ,a         
,,home-,,made ,,microscope     ,,by     
,,samuel ,,wells1 ,,m>y ,,treat ,,&     
,,fr$]ick ,,l]oy ,,s>g5t      ,,*icago  
,,! ,,int]/ate ,,publi%+ ,,company      
,,bo/on3 #cj ,,frankl9 ,,/reet          
,,copyright1 #ahhf1   ,,by   ,,int]/ate 
,,publi%+ ,,company4     ,,cont5ts4     
,,*apt]4                        ,,page4 
,i4 ,?r\gh a ,microscope             #g 
,,ii4 ,! ,outfit                     #ad
  ,,iii4 ,! ,objects                    
#bj  ,,iv4 ,home ,exp]im5ts             
#bf  ,v4 ,co*ituate ,wat]               
#cc  ,,vi4 ,int]e/+ objects             
#ci  ,,vii4 ,! ,brickmak]               
#df  ,,viii4 ,! ,vorticellas            
#ed  ,,ix4 ,! ,utricul>ia               
#fa  ,x4 ,free ,swimm+ ,animalcules     
#gj  ,,xi4 ,on ! ,bea*                  
#gh  ,,xii4 ,rizopods                   
#hf  ,,xiii4 ,h[ to ,see a ,d&elion     

#ig  ,,xiv4 ,h[ to ,see a ,bumble ,bee  
#ajg  ,,xv4 ,"s ,little ,?+s to ,see    
#aad     ,,"p ,i  ,,?r\gh ,a            
,,microscope  ,,by ,,samuel ,,wells     
,,?r\gh ,a ,,microscope   ,i  ,an object
 "o hundr$? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 or ( :i*
 x w\ld take "o hundr$ plac$ side by    
side to make an in*1 is ab\t ! smalle/  
?+ t c be easily se5 by ! unassi/$ eye4 
,take a piece ( c>d & pun* a little hole
 ?r\gh x ) ! po9t ( a small ne$le1 hold 
x t[>ds a lamp or a w9d[1 & y w see !   
light ?r\gh x4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#a4  ,?is hole w be ab\t ! size j       
m5tion$1 & y w f9d t y c see x be/ & mo/
 di/9ctly :5 y hold x at a c]ta9 di/ance
 f y\r eye2 & ?is di/ance w n be f> f t5
 in*es1 unless y are ne>-sight$4 ,n[ br+
 x t[>ds y\r eye & y w f9d x becomes    
blurr$ & indi/9ct4 ,y w see by ?is      
exp]im5t t y _c see ?+s di/9ctly :5 held
 too close to y\r eye1 or 9 o!r words1 t
 y _c br+ y\r eye ne>] to an object ?an 
eight or t5 in*es & see x well at ! same
 "t4  ,y c\ld see ?+s mu* small] ?an "o 

hundr$? ( an in* if y c\ld get y\r eye  
close en\gh to !m4 ,h[ c t be done8 ,by 
a microscope8 yes1 b :at is t8 ,?is "n  
comes f two ,greek words t mean to see  
small ?+s2 & a microscope is an in/rum5t
 by :i* y\r eye c get v close to :at y  
want to see4  ,to und]/& ?is1 take out  
"o ( y\r eyes & look at x ) ! o!r "o4 ,y
 see t x is a little r\nd cam]a2 mo/    
boys h se5 a cam]a & "s boys c make "o4 
,! simple/ way to d t is to take a box1 
say a cig> box 7empty1 ( c\rse72 pull (f
 ! cov] & fa/5 9 ! place ( x a piece (  
gr\nd glass if y h "o3 if n a piece (   
:ite lett] pap]1 oil$1 w d2 bore a hole 
9 ! middle ( ! bottom ) a small gimlet &
 y\r cam]a is done4 ,po9t ! bottom ) !  
hole 9 x out ( ! w9d[1 & ?r[ a piece (  
clo? ov] y\r head & ov] ! box1 z !      
photograph]s d1 to %ut out ! side light1
 b m9d & n cov] up ! hole2 look at !    
gr\nd glass 7or oil$ pap]7 & y w see ?+s
 upside d[n4 7,fig4 #a47 ,b :at has x to
 d ) my eye8 y say4 ,:y1 y\r eye is j l 
x1 only r\nd1 z 9 fig4 #b4 ,& if y hold 

a doll or any?+ else ab\t t5 in*es 9    
front ( ! eye y h tak5 out & look at !  
inside ( x 7! eye1 n ! doll7 j z y look 
at ! gr\nd glass ( y\r box cam]a1 y w   
see ! doll upside d[n on ! back ( ! eye4
  ,b h[1 d y say1 c ,i see ?+s "r side  
up :5 !y are upside d[n 9 my eye8 ,?is  
is a v good conundrum & x w keep a long 
"t1 till y are ab\t sev5ty ye>s old & h 
sp>e "t to sit d[n & ?9k ab\t x4  ,n[ y 
see h[ y\r eye is a cam]a2 ! pupil is ! 
hole & ! back ( ! eye1 call$ ! ret9a1 is
 ! gr\nd glass4  ,b y w f9d t ! cam]a y 
h j made does n %[ ?+s di/9ctly &       
beautifully z ! photograph]'s cam]a     
does2 h[ c !y be di/9ct 9 ! eye !n8     
,because 9 ! photograph]'s cam]a1 9 !   
hole is a l5s1 :i* is a piece ( glass1  
%ap$ l a sun glass2 & s 9 y\r eye j     
beh9d ! pupil is a l5s1 n made ( glass1 
b /ill almo/ z transp>5t z if x 74 ,9   
ord] to see :at effect ?is l5s has1 take
 y\r box cam]a1 make ! hole l>g] & put a
 l5s 9 x2 "o ( y\r magic lant]n l5ses w 
d2 & if ! l5s has ! "r focus y w see !  

images %>p & di/9ct on y\r gr\nd glass4 
,! focus probably w n be j "r1 s make a 
pap] tube1 into :i* fa/5 y\r l5s & slide
 ! tube 9 & out ( ! hole until y f9d !  
"r focus4  ,:5 y h got t "r s t y see a 
boy on ! sidewalk upside d[n & see 8    
tee? :5 he laughs1 put "s small object1 
! little doll w d1 ab\t ?ree feet 9     
front ( y\r l5s1 & y w f9d ! image ( x  
is blurr$ & indi/9ct1 & t y mu/ pull y\r
 tube out to get ! focus on ! doll2 or  
if y _h ano!r l5s ( j ! "r %ape to hold 
9 front ( y\r cam]a1 y w\ld ) t get !   
focus on ! doll4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #b4  ,?us y c see h[ x is ) y\r eye1 & 
:y y _c see ?+s di/9ctly held close to  
x4 ,! l5s 9 ! eye c *ange its %ape a    
little1 s t x w focus objects a mile (f1
 or t5 in*es (f1 b x _c be pu%$ 9 & out 
l ! tube 9 y\r cam]a4 ,y c d ?is1 h[ev]1
 if y take ano!r l5s & hold x outside   
y\r eye & let ! light g ?r\gh t fir/    
be=e x comes to ! l5s 9 y\r eye1 & 9 ?is
 way y c get a focus 9 y\r ret9a1 & !   
outside l5s ?us =ms a "p ( t optical    

in/rum5t call$ y\r eye4 ,does y\r gr&ma 
"k t h] spectacles are a "p ( ! cam]as t
 %e calls h] eyes8  ,h[ is x t a l5s    
b5ds 7refracts is ! big ^w = x7 ! rays (
 light8 ,y w le>n by & by4 ,y c see t x 
does s by a few exp]im5ts ) y\r sun     
glass or any su* l5s4 ,hold x betwe5 !  
sun & a piece ( :ite pap] until ! :ite  
spot 9 ! c5tre is z small z y c make x4 
,y w see t ! re/ ( ! l5s ca/s a %ad[    
al?\gh x is all glass2 ?is is because ! 
rays ( sunlight t fall on ! l5s are all 
b5t t[>ds ! c5tre1 & s y h a small :ite 
spot on :i* is conc5trat$ ! light & !   
heat1 & be=e y h f\nd out h[ x is all   
done1 y\r pap] takes fire & ! exp]im5t  
ends 9 smoke4  ,take ano!r piece ( pap]1
 & :5 ! :ite spot is at its smalle/1    
measure ! di/ance betwe5 ! l5s & ! pap]1
 & y w h ! focal di/ance ( ! l5s4  ,y h 
n[ f\nd out h[ to get y\r eye close to  
an object & see some?+ t is v small2 ?is
 is usually call$ magnify+ x1 because x 
seems to make x look l>ge4 ,suppose y h 
a l5s t w let y see a flea ?r\gh x held 

j "o in* f x1 ?is l5s is n[ an addition 
to y\r eye1 z we measure f ! l5s4 ,if y 
_h ano!r flea held t5 in*es (f1 s big t 
x w\ld j be hidd5 by ! little flea1 ! "o
 f>!/ (f w\ld be t5 times z l>ge z ! ne>
 "o4 7,fig4 #c47 ,9 ?is case x is said t
 ! l5s hav+ a focal l5g? ( "o in*       
magnifies t5 times1 or has a p[] ( t54  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4  ,! %orte/     
usual di/ance ( objects se5 di/9ctly be+
 tak5 z t5 in*es1 microscopi/s h agre$  
to consid] t z ! /&>d ( measurem5t1 &   
objects se5 ?r\gh a l5s are consid]$    
magnifi$ to ! size !y w\ld h if project$
 t5 in*es (f1 l our little flea4        
,,ii4--,,! ,,outfit4  ,n[ t we h got    
hold ( ! idea t ! eye is an optical     
in/rum5t1 & t to increase its capacity =
 see+ small ?+s we add to x o!r optical 
contrivances1 mak+ ) x "o in/rum5t      
compos$ ( sev]al p>ts1 let u look at su*
 additions m p>ticul>ly4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,op5 ,,&     

,,clos$4  ,"o pleasant ,septemb]        
aft]noon1 ?ree g5tlem5 7 /roll+ along ! 
banks ( ! ,wissahickon1 9               
,philadelphia's beautiful p>k1 & /opp+  
n[ & !n to exam9e "s little fl[] or     
insect ) pocket l5ses1 :5 !y discov]$ t 
"s little boys out = a holiday 7 wat*+  
_! proce$+s ) a curi\s & my/ifi$ int]e/4
 ,"o ( ! g5tlem5 _h a pocket microscope 
) ?ree l5ses ( diff]5t sizes1 z 9 ,fig4 
#a4 ,call+ ! boys up to him he %[$ !m a 
little fl[] magnifi$4 ,!y _h nev] dream$
 ( su* a sight1 & _! wond] & amazem5t 7 
z great z if !y sudd5ly beheld a new _w4
 ,y w be z surpris$ z !y 7 :5 y take y\r
 fir/ peep1 b y mu/ le>n to see su* ?+s 
by y\rselves4 ,! fir/ ?+ y ne$ is a     
simple microscope1 t is1 "o ) a s+le    
l5s1 small en\gh to be c>ri$ 9 ! pocket4
 ,!re are diff]5t =ms & sizes ( su*     
microscopes1 v>y+ 9 quality & price4 ,^?
 l ! "o j m5tion$ are made ) f "o to f\r
 l5ses ea*1 & are p]haps ! mo/ g5]ally  
useful4 ,!n !re is ! ,codd+ton l5s      
7,fig4 #b7 :i* is /ill m compact2 & x is

 sometimes made 9 ! =m ( ,fig4 #c4 ,x   
has a v %ort focus1 & is n1 !re=e1 v    
easy to use4 ,a*romatic d\blets &       
triplets are made ( two or m l5ses      
cem5t$ toge!r & m\nt$ 9 ! same /yle z ! 
,codd+ton l5s2 !y are v mu* bett] ?an ! 
,codd+ton1 b are m exp5sive4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4  ,!re are      
sev]al devices = m\nt+ ^! simple        
microscopes on /&s s t !y c be kept     
/eady & ! objects to be exam9$ plac$    
beh9d !m4 ,"o ( ^! is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 
#d4 ,an +5i\s boy ) a block ( wood = a  
base1 "s /\t wire & corks1 c make "o    
almo/ z useful1 ?\gh n s h&some4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4  ,a m elaborate
 =m is %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,x has a glass   
/age to hold transp>5t objects1 & a     
brass "o = opaque objects1 & a mirror   
bel[ to reflect light up ?r\gh transp>5t
 objects4  ,x is mu* bett] to use a good
 simple microscope ?an a poor & *eap    
comp\nd "o2 be sure & rememb] ?is & n be
 entic$ to buy su* an "o by any         

repres5tations z to its great magnify+  
p[]4  ,a comp\nd microscope is "o ) a   
tube f f\r to t5 in*es long1 an         
arrangem5t = hold+ ! object to be look$ 
at1 & a mirror bel[ to reflect light ^u 
or ?r\gh x4 ,! l5ses at ! end next !    
object are small1 & are set 9 a small   
brass tube1 :i* is call$ an objective4  
,x screws into ! l>ge tube4 ,! l5ses at 
! end ( ! l>ge tube next ! eye are set 9
 a tube1 call$ ! eye-piece1 :i* slides 9
 & out ( ! l>ge tube4 ,diff]5t          
objectives conta9 l5ses ( diff]5t sizes 
accord+ to ! magnify+ p[] desir$1 & !y  
are nam$ two in*1 "o in*1 half in*1 & s 
on d[n to "o sev5ty-fif?4 ,eye-pieces   
are sometimes nam$ ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 b m      
prop]ly two in*1 & s on d[n to "o eigh?4
 ,!re is a v great v>iety 9 ! =ms (     
comp\nd microscopes1 f ! v simple up to 
! v elaborate1 & ! prices v>y accord+ly4
 ,a simple b useful =m is giv5 9 ,fig4  
#f4  ,a great deal ( money c be exp5d$  
on a microscope & ! v>i\s in/rum5ts made
 to use ) x & :i* are call$ accessory   

app>atus2 b x is be/ n to buy ^!        
in/rum5ts until y "k j :at y want1 & n  
to sp5d mu* money at fir/ except "u !   
advice ( a microscopi/4  ,"s simple ?+s1
 h[ev]1 y w ne$ at once1 su* z a few    
slips ( glass ?ree in*es long & "o in*  
wide1 call$ glass slides1 "s pieces ( v 
?9 glass1 call$ cov] glass1 a pair (    
tweez]s1 "s ne$les fa/5$ into p5-hold]s 
= h&les1 & a few glass tubes commonly   
call$ pipettes1 or dipp+ tubes4 ,^! c be
 readily b\ght1 & "s ( !m easily made4  
,illu/ration3 ,,cat*+ ,,animalcula ,,)  
,a ,,pipette4   ,,iii4--,,objects4  ,z  
soon z y h a microscope y w beg9 to look
 at ev]y?+ & any?+3 du/1 crumbs ( bread1
 fl\r1 />*1 mosquitoes1 flies1 & mo?    
mill]s 9 _! season2 fl[]s & leaves1     
cotton1 wool1 & silk4 ,b ?is scatt]+ k9d
 ( obs]vation w soon we>y y4 ,9 ord] to 
get ! greate/ pleasure & be/ results f  
y\r "w1 y mu/ proce$ ) "s sy/em4        
,illu/ration3 ,,bull',s ,,eye ,,l5s4    
,!re are s _m objects visible only ?r\gh
 ! microscope t life is n long en\gh = y

 to see !m all1 mu* less to /udy !m4 ,"s
 microscopi/s devote ! "t !y h = su*    
/udies to ! obs]vation ( s+le classes ( 
objects2 ! physician obs]ves ! v>i\s    
p>ts ( ! animal /ructure1 & calls 8 "w  
hi/ology2 ! botani/ exam9es ! vegetable 
k+dom2 ! entomologi/1 insects2 b 9 all  
^! dep>tm5ts !re are num]\s             
subdivisions4 ,z a guide to y\r "w1 y w 
f9d "s book on ! microscope v useful2 ! 
be/ "o is ,! ,microscope & its          
,revelations1 by ,dr4 ,william ,b4      
,c>p5t]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,magnifi$ #ej
 ,,diamet]s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fly',s  
,,eye--#e ,,diamet]s4  ,objects ?r\gh   
:i* y c see light are call$ transp>5t1 &
 are ! easie/ to look at ) ! microscope1
 because y c lay !m on a glass slide &  
?r[ light up ?r\gh !m ) y\r mirror4     
,?ick objects ?r\gh :i* light _c pass   
are call$ opaque1 & are m difficult to  
exam9e1 & c only be se5 ) l[ p[]s & a   
bright light4  ,9 ord] to see su*       
objects 9 ! ev5+1 y w ne$ a bull's eye  
l5s m\nt$ on a /&1 :i* y c place beside 

y\r microscope & betwe5 ! lamp & ! /age1
 cond5s+ ! light ( ! lamp on ! object4  
7,fig4 #a47 ,!re are o!r me?ods (       
illum9at+ opaque objects1 b !y are      
exp5sive & difficult to manage1 yet by &
 by if y p]sev]e 9 ?is delightful       
occupation y w le>n :at !y are4         
,illu/ration3 ,scale ( ,butt]fly        
,,magnifi$ #bjj ,,diamet]s4             
,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,mosquito4    
,,magnifi$ #ae ,,diamet]s4  ,"s p]sons w
 expect y to %[ !m a fly z big z a      
horse2 b y w soon be able to prove to !m
 t y "k m ab\t ! matt] ?an !y d4 ,) a   
l>ge h&-l5s1 y c see a :ole fly at once 
& magnify x two or ?ree times2 b :5 y   
put x on ! /age ( y\r comp\nd microscope
 & try to magnify x /ill m1 y w f9d t y 
c only see a "p ( x at a "t1 & ! high] !
 p[] y use1 ! less c y see2 9 o!r words1
 ! m y magnify an object1 ! small] is ! 
field ( view4  ,an in*-objective w %[ ! 
head ( an h\sefly1 :i* 9 a bright light 
is a v beautiful object4 ,no picture c  
equal ! delicacy ( ! color ( ! eyes ( a 

live fly4    ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,(
 ,,wood4   ,,magnifi$ #ej ,,diamet]s4   
,aft] a little practise y w be able to  
sep>ate ! diff]5t p>ts ( insects & look 
at !m ) high] p[]s4 ,! mo? fly w soon be
 on ! w+1 & y\r aunt w n call y cruel if
 y kill & cut up l>ge numb]s ( !m4 ,put 
a little ( ! du/ t comes (f f ! w+ ( a  
mo? on a glass slide1 look at x ) a high
 p[]1 & y w f9d t ea* p>ticle ( du/ is a
 pretty leaf-l scale4 ,y h se5 9 summ] !
 du/ on ! w+s ( butt]flies2 rememb] ?is1
 & look at ?is butt]fly du/ ) y\r       
microscope4  ,fl[]s & leaves y c always 
easily obta92 b 9 look+ at !m y mu/     
rememb] :at has already be5 said ab\t   
transp>5t & opaque objects4  ,?9 slices 
or sections ( /ems1 leaves1 & portions (
 fl[]s1 c be made ) a %>p knife1 &      
exam9$ z transp>5t objects1 s t ?us y c 
obs]ve ! int]nal or cellul> /ructure ( !
 vegetable k+dom4   ,,iv4--,,home       
,,exp]im5ts4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4
  ,dur+ ! cold wea!r x is n pleasant to 
make excursions into ! c\ntry & se>* =  

objects = ! microscope2 s y w look ab\t 
& see :at y c f9d at home2 & if y live 9
 ,bo/on1 ,co*ituate wat] w invite y\r   
inspection4 ,! be/ way to get at ! m9ute
 objects 9 ?is or any wat] t is suppli$ 
?r\gh pipes1 is to make a bag ( cotton  
clo?1 n too f9e1 well wa%$ 9 wat] )\t   
soap1 ab\t a foot long1 l>ge en\gh at ! 
top to slip ov] a faucet t has a screw  
on x 7l ! common kit*5 faucet adapt$ = a
 filt]71 s t x c be ti$ ) a /r+1 & small
 en\gh at ! bottom to be ti$ on to !    
neck ( a small bottle su* z is us$ =    
homoeopa?ic pills4 ,?is bag %\ld tap]   
gradually 9 size f ! top to ! bottom4   
7,fig4 #a47    ,illu/ration3 ,! ,wat]   
,flea   ,,fig4 #b4 ,,cyclops            
,,quadricornis4 ,,magnifi$ #bj          
,,diamet]s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 
,,can?ocamptus ,,m9utus4 #dj ,,diamet]s4
  ,if !re is a /rong head ( wat] :]e y\r
 faucet is1 y mu/ r$uce ! pressure by   
op5+ o!r faucets on ! same floor1 su* z 
^? 9 ! laundry1 o!rwise _m ( ! small    
creatures w be cru%$ 9 ! int]/ices ( !  

bag4 ,n[ let ! wat] run4 ,! bag w swell 
out & ! wat] ooze ?r\gh its sides1 & all
 objects too small to pass ?r\gh x w    
fall d[n & settle 9 ! little bottle at !
 bottom4 ,:5 y see t !re is a           
consid]able am\nt ( s$im5t 9 ! bottle1  
%ut (f ! wat] & g5tly squeeze ! bag     
betwe5 y\r ?umb & =ef+]1 beg9n+ at ! top
 & mov+ y\r h& d[n t[>ds ! bottle4 ,?is 
movem5t w cause mu* ( ! s$im5t t has    
adh]$ to ! sides ( ! bag to fall d[n4   
,n[ untie y\r bottle & set x aside & let
 ! wat] run ?r\gh ! bag to clean x4 ,if 
y h a filt] atta*$ to y\r kit*5 faucet y
 c get a v good idea ( ! solid cont5ts (
 ! wat] by unscrew+ x1 or turn+ x ov] if
 x is made s z to rev]se1 & lett+ !     
s$im5t t has collect$ on x drip into a  
tumbl]1 b ! bag gives mu* bett] results1
 z _m ( ! delicate =ms t live 9 ! wat]  
are cru%$ to dea? on ! filt]4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,*ydorus      
,,spho]icus4 #ej ,,diamet]s4  ,hav+ got 
! s$im5t 9 ei!r a tumbl] or a bottle1 y 
mu/ make y\r fir/ obs]vation on x ) !   

nak$ eye by hold+ x up to ! light &     
look+ ?r\gh x4 ,y w f9d x ( a br[n      
color1 because a l>ge "p ( x consi/s (  
p>ticles ( e>? & decay$ vegetable matt]1
 b y w pres5tly see _m little :ite      
specks mov+ ab\t ) a jump+ or hopp+     
movem5t4 ,^! are commonly call$         
wat]-fleas1 on acc\nt ( _! peculi>      
movem5ts1 b ! "n is mislead+1 z !y      
belong to ! cru/acea 7animals hav+ a    
%ell or cru/ l ! lob/]71 & n to !       
insects4  ,!y are f\nd abundantly 9     
ponds & dit*es1 & 9 salt wat]4          
,sometimes !y are s abundant 9 dr9k+    
wat] t has n be5 filt]$1 z to al>m a    
timid p]son1 b y w f9d !m j z good to   
eat raw z !y are cook$4 ,! mo/ common ( 
^! little creatures is ! ,cyclops       
,quadricornis1 s call$ because he has "o
 eye & f\r horns4 7,fig4 #b47  ,?is     
picture repres5ts a female1 & %e c>ries 
h] eggs 9 ! two little black bags t y   
see fa/5$ on ea* side ( ! abdom54 ,y w  
f9d x v int]e/+ by & by to wat* ! eggs  
hat* & see ! little cyclops hop away4   

,:5 "y !y d n look mu* l _! p>5ts2 !y   
are r\nd] & _! legs are m prom95t4 ,!   
female cyclops 7! male is comp>atively  
r>e7 is ! mo/ common creature 9         
,co*ituate wat]1 & z x is con/antly     
eat+1 x helps to purify ! wat]1 &1 9 its
 turn1 is eat5 by ! fi%es4  ,9 swimm+ x 
contracts its f\r horns & its fr+$ feet 
) a quick movem5t t ?r[s x =w>d ?r\gh ! 
wat] ) a leap4  ,its "o eye is ( a      
brilliant r$1 & is a beautiful object "u
 ! microscope4 ,! %ell also is sometimes
 beautifully color$1 & is (t5 transp>5t1
 s t ! int]nal organs are pla9ly visible
 ?r\gh x4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4   
,ano!r ( ! family ( ,cyclopidae is !    
,can?ocamptus m9utus 7fig4 #c71 :i* y   
see is long] & m tap]+ 9 its =m ?an !   
,cyclops ,quadricornis4 ,x is also v    
common & v active4  ,*ydorus ,spho]icus 
7fig4 #d7 is a v pretty r\nd =m int]e/+ 
to /udy :5 transp>5t4  ,all ^! & "s o!rs
 ) r h>d names are 9 t division ( !     
,cru/acea call$ ,entomo/raca1 mean+     
%ell$ creatures ^: %ells are cut & d n  

cov] !m all r\nd4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 an  
oy/] on ! half-%ell might be call$ an   
,entomo/racan4  ,n[ to cat* ^! lively   
fell[s1 y mu/ take a dipp+ tube & be    
pati5t1 & :5 y h got "o 9 ! tube1       
c>efully drop x on ! bottom ( ! live-box
 7fig4 #e71 & put on ! cov]4 ,exam9e x  
fir/ ) ! l[e/ p[] y h4 ,by c>eful       
managem5t ( ! cov] y c cat* x betwe5 !  
top & bottom )\t break+ ! %ell1 & 9 ?is 
prison y c /udy x at leisure4           
,v4--,,co*ituate ,,wat]4  ,y h read or  
be5 told t if y look at a drop ( wat]   
?r\gh a microscope y w f9d x full (     
animalculae1 & %[m5 w sometimes exhibit 
wat] conta9+ entomo/raca hopp+ ab\t1 & w
 try to p]suade y t all wat] looks 9 !  
same way4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rotif]     
,,vulg>is4  ,b ?is is a common mi/ake1 z
 y w soon f9d out = y\rselves4 ,wat] su*
 z is commonly us$ = dr9k+ purposes1    
:e!r x comes f a well1 spr+1 riv]1 or   
pond1 conta9s b little animal or        
vegetable life 9 proportion to its      
quantity2 y may place drop aft] drop "u 

! microscope )\t f9d+ any?+ visible1 & y
 c only tell :at is 9 x by filt]+ a     
great deal ( x4 ,wat] /&+ 9 dit*es or   
pools = a long "t1 becomes full ( gr[? (
 v>i\s k9ds1 & is !n s discolor$ & slimy
 t no "o w\ld ?9k ( dr9k+ x4            
,illu/ration3 ,,c>apace ,,( ,,anurae    
,,/ipitata4  ,let u return to ! little  
bottle :i* y fill$ ) ,co*ituate filt]+s 
la/ mon?4 ,take a little f ! bottom )   
y\r dipp+-tube2 put x 9 ! live box &    
exam9e x ) a half-in* objective4 ,y w   
see _m =ms t are /range to y1 & we w    
suppose t ! fir/ is t ( "o ( ! rotif]s4 
,^! little creatures are call$ by ?is "n
 because ( two ,lat9 words mean+        
:eel-c>ri]s1 = on _! heads !y h an      
arrangem5t :i* looks l a :eel1 sometimes
 9 rapid motion4    ,illu/ration3       
,,floscul>ia ,,ornata4  ,! mo/ common   
k9d is call$ ,rotif] vulg>is 7fig4 #a71 
& is a v int]e/+ & ela/ic be+4          
,sometimes he is gloomy & draws himself 
9 s t he looks l a ball2 !n he w /ret*  
out full l5g?1 & op5+ 8 :eel1 %oot ?r\gh

 ! wat] ) great spe$4 ,aga9 he w atta* 8
 tail to "s fix$ object1 & by ! aid ( 8 
:eel draw a rapid curr5t ( wat] ?r\gh 8 
m\?2 x is ?us t y c be/ obs]ve him1 & by
 & by y w discov] t ! app>5t :eel is    
only a result ( ! rapid sweep+ movem5t (
 ! long hairs or cilia :i* fr+e ! op5+ 9
 ! top ( ! head4 ,?r\gh ?is op5+ ! wat] 
passes1 ! rotif] ga!rs 8 food f !       
curr5t1 & ! food passes into ! ma/ax1   
:]e x is gr\nd by ! ma/icat+ app>atus1  
:i* is easily se5 9 motion4             
,illu/ration3 ,,d9obryon ,,tortul>ia4   
,!re are sev]al diff]5t rotif]s f\nd 9  
,co*ituate wat]2 among !m ! mo/ common  
is ! ,anurae ,/ipitata4 7,fig4 #b47 ,x  
is l a turtle1 ) a %ell1 or c>apace1    
beautifully ornam5t$4 ,y w see pl5ty (  
^! empty %ells1 & sometimes y w f9d "o  
inhabit$1 :5 y w see t ! creature has a 
bright r$ eye1 & sev]al bundles ( cilia1
 9 front ( ! project+ spires4  ,"o ( !  
families ( ! rotif]s is call$           
,floscul>ia1 because x resembles a fl[]2
 x is atta*$ at ! base to small plants1 

or algae1 & occupies a %ea? s transp>5t 
t x is h>dly visible4 ,"o species is    
occasionally f\nd 9 ! ,co*ituate1 !     
,floscul>ia ornata4 7,fig4 #c47 ,x is a 
beautiful object1 ) its elongat$ radiat+
 cilia1 :i* rema9 quiet1 & d n vibrate4 
,! specim5 figur$ has ?ree eggs atta*$  
to its /em4  ,y w f9d o!r rotif]s 9 !   
,co*ituate1 "s =m$ l vases1 o!rs ) long 
spires1 b all graceful & beautiful4 ,!  
,d9obryon ,tortul>ia is sometimes v     
common 9 ?is wat]4  ,9 ,octob]1 #ahha1  
:5 ! ta/e ( ! wat] 0 v bad1 ! ,d9obryon 
0 v abundant1 ?\gh we d n "k t x _h     
any?+ to d ) ! bad ta/e4 ,y w see by !  
figure1 t x is l a tree1 ) an individual
 ( ! family at ! end ( e bran*4 ,ea* "o 
has its own organs ( exi/5ce1 al?\gh    
atta*$ to its bro!rs by its /em4 ,ea*   
has a bright r$ eye1 & a long sl5d] :ip1
 call$ a flagellum1 ) :i* x la%es !     
wat]1 & :5 all ! flagellae are 9 motion1
 ! :ole tree swims ab\t4 ,! individuals 
are v small inde$1 & x w take y\r be/   
objective to %[ ! flagellum4            

,illu/ration3 ,,vorticella ,,nebulif]a4 
,ano!r tree-l gr\p is t ( ! ,vorticella1
 ( :i* y w sometimes f9d 9 ! ,co*ituate1
 ! species ,vorticella nebulif]a4 ,ea*  
animal is at ! top ( a /em1 & ?is /em   
has ! peculi> prop]ty ( be+ able to coil
 up & draw its head d[n close to !      
bottom4 ,?is appe>s to be a def5sive    
movem5t1 = :5ev] a big ugly creature    
comes by1 d[n g ! :ole family s quickly 
t y\r eye _c foll[ ! movem5t4 ,sometimes
 !y w all bob d[n :5 y tap ! /age ( !   
microscope s z to j> !m4 ,at a c]ta9    
p]iod ( its life ! animal sudd5ly leaves
 its /em1 & goes swimm+ ab\t ) great    
spe$4   ,,vi4--,,int]e/+ ,,objects4     
,illu/ration3 ,,/ephanodiscus ,,niag>ae4
  ,! mo/ beautiful ( ! small algae or   
wat] plants are ! ,diatomaceae & !      
,desmidiaceae1 sometimes call$ = brevity
 diatoms & desmids4 ,!y are rem>kable = 
! geometrical "* ( _! =ms1 consi/+ (    
circles1 triangles & polygons ( inf9ite 
v>iety4 ,!y are v small1 & _c be        
satisfactorily se5 ) an objective ( less

 p[] ?an a f\r t5?s4 ,! diatoms are f\nd
 ev]y:]e 9 bo? fre% & salt wat]1 b !    
desmids live only 9 fre% wat]4 ,"o ( !  
mo/ common diatoms 9 ,co*ituate wat] is 
! ,/ephanodiscus ,niag>ae4 7,fig4 #a47  
,x is 9 %ape l a pill box1 & its sides1 
:i* w\ld be call$ its top & bottom if x 
7 a pill box1 are beautifully ornam5t$ )
 dots 9 radiat+ l9es ) a r+ ( sp9es ne> 
! edge4 ,?is circle ( sp9es or ?orns    
expla9s its "n1 ,/ephanodiscus1 f !     
proto-m>tyr1 ,sa9t ,/eph54 ,! "n        
,niag>ae is f ,niag>a ,riv]1 :]e x 0    
f\nd4 ,l all diatoms1 x conta9s :5 alive
 a yell[i% br[n matt] ) small globules (
 oil1 :i* is call$ endo*rome4 ,! box or 
%ell1 call$ pu/ule1 is ( silex or qu>tz1
 & is !re=e almo/ inde/ructible2 & :5 ! 
diatom dies1 s9ks to ! bottom ( ! wat]4 
,9 ?is way b$s ( %ells ( diatoms are    
sometimes =m$ ( consid]able ?ickness4   
,illu/ration3 ,,a/]ionella ,,bleakleyii4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,tabell>ia           
,,f5e/rata4  ,"u ! city ( ,ri*mond1     
,va41 !re is su* a deposit1 v>y+ f t5 to

 tw5ty feet 9 dep?1 & ext5d+ = _m miles4
 ,"s ( ! diatoms1 especially ^? %ap$ l a
 boat1 call$ ,navicula1 h a peculi>     
motion :i* at "o "t l$ obs]v]s to ?9k !m
 animals4 ,no "o kn[s h[ ?is motion is  
produc$1 & if y c f9d ?is out1 y w make 
a v important discov]y4 ,! mo/ common   
diatom 9 ,co*ituate wat] is ,a/]ionella 
,bleakleyii4 ,x resembles a /> ) rays1  
or ! hub & spokes ( a :eel4 7,fig4 #b47 
,?is diatom is (t5 f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! 
wat] supplies ( cities4 ,x nev] =ms a   
complete circle1 b gr[s into spirals or 
:orls :i* easily break up4              
,illu/ration3 ,,spongilla ,,fluviatilis4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,desmidium ,,sw>tzii4
 ,,front ,,& ,,side ,,view4  ,ano!r     
diatom common 9 ,co*ituate is ,tabell>ia
 ,f5e/rata1 :i* gr[s 9 ribbon-l =ms4    
7,fig4 #c47 ,! desmids resemble !       
diatoms 9 ! geometrical "* ( _! =ms1 b  
!y h no %ell ( silex1 & are !re=e easily
 de/roy$4 ,!y are readily di/+ui%$ at   
sight by ! beautiful gre5 color ( !     
conta9$ matt]4 ,9 _m ( !m !re is a      

curi\s circulation ( small p>ticles1    
especially 9 ! ends ( ^? ( a cresc5t or 
new-moon %ape4 ,?is circulation c only  
be se5 ) a high p[]4 ,desmids are easily
 f\nd 9 ponds & dit*es2 & !re are sev]al
 species 9 ,co*ituate4 ,among !m is     
,desmidium ,sw>tzii 7fig4 #d71 &        
,clo/]ium monilif]um4 7,fig4 #e47 ,_!   
beauty dep5ds s mu* on color t !y d n   
appe> to advantage 9 ! figures4 ,y w f9d
 9 exam9+ ! filt]+s ( ,co*ituate wat]1  
_m objects :i* h n be5 describ$ 9 ^!    
pap]s1 & among !m _m fragm5ts ( gre5    
filam5ts ( ! small plants belong+ to !  
conf]vae & ! oscillatoriae2 sometimes y 
w f9d small r\nd opaque =ms ( br[n or   
gre5 color1 :i* are probably spores (   
plants ( a l>g] gr[?2 sometimes y w see 
! poll5 ( p9e-trees :i* has fall5 into !
 wat] & looks l ?ree small balls fa/5$  
toge!r2 sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 y may f9d
 "o ( ^? curi\s little creatures call$  
wat] be>s1 or t>digrada2 & y may be     
=tunate en\gh to cat* a wat] spid]4     
,illu/ration3 ,,clo/]ium ,,monilif]um4  

,b y w (t5 see ! spiculae ( ! sponge1   
call$ ,spongilla fluviatilis4 ,!y look l
 p9s ( glass1 blunt at "o end & po9t$ at
 ! o!r1 & are sometimes v abundant4 ,y  
may h he>d t ?is sponge has be5 consid]$
 ! s\rce ( ! occasionally bad ta/e &    
smell ( ,co*ituate wat]4 ,:5 x is alive1
 x is n disagreeable1 b :5 x decays x   
imp>ts to ! wat] a v unpleasant ta/e &  
odor4 ,x c]ta9ly is "o cause ( ! bad    
quality ( ! wat]1 b :e!r x is entitl$ to
 ! sole cr$it is /ill op5 to "q4  ,y c  
see :at x looks l 9 fig4 #f4 ,:5 alive1 
x is ( a light-gre5 color1 b :5 decay$ x
 becomes br[n4 ,x is full ( ! spiculae  
above describ$1 :i* s]ve to /iff5 x1 b x
 easily crumbles & scatt]s !m ?r\gh !   
wat]4  ,?\gh ! microscope %[s u _m      
beautiful & int]e/+ objects1 yet 9 !    
pres5t /ate ( our k we _c asc]ta9 by its
 use :e!r ! wat] we exam9e is h>mless or
 injuri\s4   ,,vii4--,,! ,,brickmak]4   
,! microscope reveals s _m /range       
odd-look+ wat] creatures & plants t we c
 easily imag9e ourselves transport$ to  

"s new _w4 ,look at ?is field ( view z  
se5 ?r\gh ! microscope4 ,9 ! c5tre /&s a
 brickmak]4 ,he is a que] little animal1
 & s small t he looks l a m]e speck to !
 nak$ eye1 b ?r\gh ! microscope we see  
h[ wond]fully curi\s & /range a creature
 he is4 ,he is no idle1 lazy fell[4 ,he 
is in/ead a mo/ busy me*anic4  ,j n[ he 
is build+ a h\se out ( t9y bricks1 & he 
manufactures ! bricks himself1 mak+ !m  
"o at a "t1 & :5 "o is f9i%$ he lays x  
d[n c>efully by ! side ( ! la/1 & fa/5s 
x firmly 9 its place ) a k9d ( cem5t4 ,!
 bricks are laid 9 regul> ti]s "o above 
! o!r4  ,we f9d ^! brickmak]s 9 /ill    
wat] :]e v>i\s wat]-plants gr[1         
especially ! wat]-milfoil & bladd]wort4 
,!y seem to be social be+s4 ,!y live 9  
l>ge communities1 atta*+ _! h\ses to !  
/ems & leaves ( ! plants s ?ickly       
sometimes t !y almo/ t\* "o ano!r4 ,!y  
look1 to ! nak$ eye1 l l9es ab\t "o     
eigh? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,sometimes !y are
 v ?ick on ! plants 9 ,new ,j]sey ponds4
  ,if y take "s ( ! plants & wat]1 & put

 !m 9 a bottle1 y c c>ry a l>ge numb] ( 
! brickmak]s home1 :]e y c wat* !m at   
y\r leisure4 ,take a glass slide :i* has
 a little cup-%ap$ holl[ to hold a few  
drops ( wat]1 & put a t9y piece ( !     
plant ) ! h\se atta*$ into ?is holl[ &  
fill x ) "s ( ! wat] f ! bottle4 ,n[    
cov] x ) a v ?9 piece ( glass & lay x   
ov] ! /age ( ! microscope1 & x is ready 
to be look$ at & /udi$4 ,y w look ) bo? 
eyes1 = y\r microscope is a b9ocul>--"o 
t has two tubes to look ?r\gh4 ,! size (
 ! objects w dep5d ^u ! magnify+ p[] y h
 *os54  ,! fir/ ?+ y see is a d>k1      
brick-color$1 cyl9d]-%ap$ h\se :i* looks
 to be ab\t ! size ( a cig>4 ,! little  
build] :o lives 9 ?is h\se has be5      
di/urb$ by ! means we h tak5 to make 8  
acqua9tance2 he has /opp$ "w & gone )94 
,b he is s indu/ri\s a fell[ t he w n   
rema9 )9 v long4 ,z soon z x is q /ill  
he w probably come to ! door ( 8 h\se1 &
 y w see him ?ru/ out two horns4 ,he w  
move ^! horns to ! "r & left1 cauti\sly 
feel+ all ar\nd him4 ,he seems v cauti\s

 inde$4 ,b at la/ he is satisfi$ t no   
enemy is ne>4 ,n[ he v5tures out4 ,he   
unfolds 8 :eels4  ,^! :eels are surr\nd$
 ) a b& ( cilia1 or flexible hairs1 :i* 
he c put 9 rapid motion1 mak+ ! :eels h 
! appe>ance ( revolv+ v fa/4 ,?is rapid 
motion ( ! cilia =ms a swift curr5t 9 ! 
wat]2 & ?is curr5t br+s t9y p>ticles (  
v>i\s ?+s to ! little me*anic4 ,"s ( ^! 
p>ticles he uses = food2 ( o!rs1 he     
makes brick4 ,!y are c>ri$ into an op5+ 
betwe5 ! :eels :]e y c see !m revolv+ v 
fa/ until !y are ga!r$ into a little    
r\nd1 d>k-color$ pellet4 ,! p>ticles are
 probably held toge!r by a /icky        
secretion made by ! build]4  ,x takes   
him ab\t ?ree m9utes to make a brick4 ,z
 soon z x is f9i%$1 he b5ds 8 head ov]1 
takes x f its m\ld betwe5 ! :eels1 &    
lays x d[n c>efully by ! side ( ! la/4  
,!n he raises 8 head & beg9s to make    
ano!r4 ,! tube ?us con/ruct$ is q firm &
 /rong4 ,sometimes :5 ,i h f\nd a long  
tube1 ,i h cut (f a portion f ! top4    
,?is c be done1 ) c>e1 = ! brickmak]    

drops to ! bottom :5 di/urb$4 ,x is v   
amus+ to wat* him repair damages &      
rebuild4 ,sometimes ,i h =c$ "o out ( 8 
tube1 b x always soon di$4 ,b ?\gh      
indu/ri\s1 he is s cauti\s1 or timid1 t 
he is easily fright5$1 & !re=e he is (t5
 int]rupt$ 9 8 "w4 ,= in/ance1 l "s p t 
we "k1 he is v afraid ( snakes4 ,if a   
h>mless little t9y snake comes wriggl+  
along ?r\gh ! wat] any:]e ne> him1 he   
folds 8 :eels & drops d[n into 8 h\se z 
quick z a fla%4 ,"o day a little boy 0  
delight$ ) ! fa/-revolv+ :eels4         
,sudd5ly1 by & by1 he turn$ t[>d me )   
great disgu/ pla9ly %[+ 9 8 face3 ,he's 
gone 91 'fraid ( a little snake6 he     
exclaim$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a1 
,,brickmak]2 #b1 ,,curr5t ,,9 ,,wat]2   
#c1 #d1 #e1 #f1   ,,diatoms2 #g1 #h1    
,,desmids2 #i1 ,,algae2 #aj1 #aa1       
,,tri*oda ,,lynceus2 #ab1   ,,snake-,,l 
,,l>va2 #ac1 ,,"p ,,( ,,plant ,,to ,,:i*
 ,,brickmak] ,,is ,,atta*$2   #ad1      
,,batra*osp]mum ,,monili=m4  ,he is     
always a great favorite ) ^? :o h wat*$ 

him ?r\gh ! microscope4 ,i d n "k h[    
long !y live1 b ,i h kept ! same        
individuals ?ree mon?s or m4 ,i ?9k no  
"o kn[s ! entire life-hi/ory ( any ( ^! 
little creatures1 s "h is a gr& *ance = 
any "y microscopi/ to inve/igate &      
become fam\s4  ,on ! left ( ! brickmak] 
9 our field ( view is a delicate1       
beautiful plant4 ,only a small "p ( x is
 se5 9 ! engrav+4 ,x has a long1 float+ 
/em1 ?ickly set ) rosettes ( a pe>ly    
gre5 color4 ,to ! nak$ eye x looks l    
gre5 slime1 & is call$ frog's spawn2 b !
 microscope %[s u t x is a lovely plant1
 & "s wise man has giv5 u a long f9e "n 
to call x by if we *oose--,batra*osp]mum
 monili=m4 ,let u see if ?is long "n has
 any mean+3 ,batra*ia1 a frog1 sp]mum1  
spawn2 ah1 aft] all1 only ano!r "n =    
frog spawn6 ,! o!r "n1 monili=m1 means a
 bead-l necklace2 & ?is 0 giv5 x because
 ! ?reads t make ! rosettes look l /r+s 
( small pe>ly-gre5 beads4  ,all ( !     
/range-look+ plants & animals t we see 9
 ! microscope are kn[n z well by sight &

 by "n by ^? :o make !m a /udy1 z are ! 
l>g] animals & plants t we see ar\nd u e
 day4  ,a bright little girl once ask$  
me :y su* long h>d names are giv5 to    
ev]y?+ 9 nature4 ,we told h] if !re 0 b 
"o language spok5 9 ! _w !re w\ld be no 
ne$ ( us+ ,lat9 names4 ,b z !re are _m  
languages1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to agree ^u
 "s sy/em1 s t all peoples ( diff]5t    
nations might h ! same "n = an animal or
 plant1 & a long "t ago all ! civiliz$  
_w agre$ to use ,lat9 names4 ,?us our   
little brickmak] is kn[n all ov] ! _w z 
,melic]ta r+5s4  ,a field ( view dep5ds 
= its int]e/ & v>iety ^u :at k9d ( wat] 
we put "u ! microscope4 ,9 ! "o "h      
repres5t$1 ,i fir/ took a t9y spray (   
plant ) a brickmak]'s h\se atta*$1 &    
laid x on ! holl[ glass slide & !n us$ !
 dipp+-tube & br\ght up "s ( ! s$im5t f 
! bottom ( ! bottle2 ?is prov$ to conta9
 sev]al s+ul>-look+ plants & animals %[n
 "h4  ,figures #c1 #d1 #e & #f1 are     
diatoms1 & figures #g & #h are desmids4 
,naturali/s =m]ly plac$ bo? diatoms &   

desmids 9 ! animal k+dom1 b n[ all agree
 t ! desmids are plants1 :ile "s few    
/ill ma9ta9 t ! diatoms are animals4 ,b 
! weight ( evid5ce is on ! plant side ( 
! "q4  ,! desmids are wond]fully        
beautiful plants2 ! m>k+s & colors are  
exquisite4 ,a numb] ( species are f\nd 9
 ! s$im5t ( e swamp & pond4  ,! diatoms 
(t5 gr[ 9 long ribbon-l masses 7fig4    
#c71 & !n p>tially sep>ate1 rema9+ jo9$ 
toge!r at ! angles s z to =m a zigzag   
*a9 z se5 at figure #d4 ,!y h ! p[] (   
mov+ ?r\gh ! wat]1 *ang+ _! places l    
animals4  ,a great v>iety ( =ms are     
f\nd1 bo? diatoms & desmids1 _m /ill    
undescrib$1 invit+ ! "y microscopi/ to  
/udy & "n !m4  ,figures #aj & #aa are   
diff]5t =ms ( a little animal1 ,tri*oda 
lynceus4 ,x und]goes a great _m *anges4 
,9 "s ( its /ages1 x looks s diff]5t f !
 figures "h repres5t$ t y w\ld nev]     
dream ( its be+ ! same creature4        
,,viii4--,,! ,,vorticellas4             
,illu/ration3 ,,c>*esium ,,polyp9um4  ,!
 tree-vorticellas mu/ ev] /& fir/ among 

all ! v>i$ & beautiful objects :i* !    
microscope reveals4 ,a species common 9 
,new ,engl& & ! ,middle ,/ates is kn[n  
sci5tifically by ! "n ( ,c>*esium       
,polyp9um4 ,x is impossible to convey a 
true idea ( its beauty f a dead black & 
:ite draw+4 ,to be appreciat$ x mu/ be  
se5 9 all its liv+ glory--*>m+ little   
animals resembl+ bell-%ap$ lilies on !  
ends ( lovely transp>5t /ems4  ,h[      
curi\s nature is 9 ! microscopic _w6    
,only ?9k ( a tree ( liv+ animals6 ,!   
/ems ( ! tree are jo9t$1 & ! little     
creatures c sway ! bran*es ab\t & ev5   
?r[ !m into a spiral coil s z to br+    
!mselves ne> ! ma9 /em4 ,?is gives !m ! 
appe>ance ( be+ v polite t[>d ea* o!r2  
!y b[ & c\rtesy z if prep>+ = a gr&     
quadrille1 & !y are deck$ out 9 gay     
colors1 r$1 gre51 & yell[4 ,! m>g9s ( ! 
little cups are fr+$ ) hairs1 or cilia1 
:i* !y c put 9 su* rapid motion t x     
makes a curr5t 9 ! wat] & br+s little   
p>ticles to _! m\?s :i* !y consume z    
food4 ,!y d n accept ev]y?+ t comes 9 ! 

curr5t4 ,!y seem to "k :at !y l z well z
 ! high] animals1 & act z if !y 7 vex$ )
 "s ( ! p>ticles1 reject+ & s5d+ !m (f )
 a rapid :irl+ motion4  ,! l>ge/ ( ^!   
fairy-l trees are visible to ! nak$ eye1
 b x w be necess>y = a novice 9 su*     
matt]s to use a good /rong l5s to be    
able to f9d !m readily4 ,!y are atta*$  
to plants gr[+ 9 wat]4 ,i h always be5  
mo/ successful 9 f9d+ !m among !        
wat]-milfoil 7,myriophillum7 sev]al     
species ( :i* gr[ 9 ,new ,engl& & !     
,middle ,/ates4 ,"s ( ! species are f\nd
 9 deep wat]1 o!rs 9 %all[ ponds4  ,!   
,bladd]worts 7,utricul>ia7 are also good
 plants to se>* among4 ,!y gr[ 9 simil> 
places4 ,on ei!r ( ^! plants we %all be 
sure to f9d a good _m int]e/+ creatures4
 ,if we fail to f9d ! tree1 we may      
secure o!r species ( vorticella1 all (  
:i* are v beautiful4  ,d y "k !         
,utricul>ia8 ,i w devote ! next *apt] to
 ^! curi\s plants1 & to ! microscopic   
animals :i* !y capture4  ,x w take a    
little practice to le>n :]e & h[ to     

collect mat]ial = ! microscope4 ,we %\ld
 n dep5d too mu* ^u books 9 any bran* ( 
natural hi/ory4 ,to be successful1 y mu/
 obs]ve = y\rselves1 exp]im5t & exam9e  
indep5d5tly1 consult+ books t y may "n &
 classify1 t y may recognize & "n :at y 
f9d4 ,if y fail to f9d specim5s 9 "o    
spot1 try ano!r4  ,y %\ld n fill y\r    
collect+ bottles m ?an two ?irds full ( 
wat]1 nor cr[d too _m plants 9 !m4 ,^!  
little creatures mu/ h air 9 ord] to    
live1 z well z ! high] animals4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4  ,! f9e/       
tree-vorticellas ,i ev] f\nd 7 9        
,florida1 9 ! ,/4 ,john's ,riv]4 ,^!    
trees 7 atta*$ to long1 float+ /ems (   
,myriophillum v]ticillatum1 & 7 unlike  
any species t ,i ev] f\nd at ! ,nor?4   
,!y 7 v l>ge--9 a microscopic           
s5se--pla9ly visible to ! nak$ eye1 & x 
took only a mod]ate p[] to br+ out _!   
beauty4  ,vorticella nebulif]a is q     
common 9 swamps & ponds4 ,we f9d x      
atta*$ to a great numb] ( wat] plants4  
,?is species is n built up 9 ! =m ( a   

tree1 b x is nev]!less beautiful &      
graceful4 ,! delicate1 sl5d] /ems />t f 
a node1 or r\nd$ mass1 sometimes fifty  
or m ( ^! fairy l creatures 9 "o colony1
 all atta*$ to a common c5tre1 sway+    
ab\t1 coil+ _! delicate transp>5t /ems1 
& aga9 uncoil+ quick z a fla%1 app>5tly 
dally+ & play+1 b nev] int]f]+ nor      
becom+ entangl$ "o ) ano!r4  ,! ,/5tor  
is ano!r memb] ( ! ,vorticell9ae family4
 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! infusoria1      
pla9ly visible to ! nak$ eye1 & "o ( !  
mo/ int]e/+ & curi\s ( all ! /range     
animals 9 ! microscopic _w4 ,x assumes  
v>i\s =ms4 ,:5 swimm+1 x looks r\nd &   
plump 7,fig4 #b71 & ru%es ?r\gh ! wat]  
pell-mell1 knock+ ! small] animals "r & 
left1 always seem+ to be 9 a great      
hurry1 unless two fri5dly ones happ5 to 
meet1 :5 !y frequ5tly /op & put _! heads
 toge!r a mom5t z if ex*ang+ greet+s1 !n
 away !y sail aga91 da%+ ?r\gh ! wat]1  
captur+ & dev\r+ ! small] creatures z !y
 g4 ,& n[ a c\ple meet t are v          
communicative--two gossips1 no d\bt6 ,at

 all ev5ts1 !y put _! heads toge!r &    
conclude to h a good sociable "t4  ,& !y
 are s5sible en\gh to "k t !y _c /&     
ar\nd loose 9 ! wat] or public highway4 
,s !y select a cosey spot & fa/5 _! feet
 to a plant or "s firm object1 & /ret*  
out _! foot/alks sometimes to a great   
l5g?1 mak+ v]itable trumpets ( !mselves4
 7,fig4 #c47  ,& :o kn[s :at grave      
matt]s may be settl$ dur+ ^! conclaves8 
or p]haps !y are only rehe>s+ gossip1 z 
!y h _h e possible *ance to see :at 0   
go+ on among _! neighbors4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/5tors4--,,v]itable 
,,trumpets4  ,sometimes "o settles d[n  
alone ne> a gr\p ( o!rs1 & seems to     
proclaim 9 /5torian voice t x is        
reception day & he is ready to receive4 
,or p]haps he is simply a h]ald z 8 "n  
indicates1 ^: bus9ess x is to conduct   
c]emonies & regulate affairs6 ,at any   
rate1 ?\gh our e>s are too dull to cat* 
! voices ( ^! curi\s be+s ( a l[] _w--s 
ne>1 & yet 9 ano!r s5se1 s f> away1 x   
w\ld be difficult to believe t ^!       

animat$ creatures h no means (          
communication & no?+ to communicate4    
,,"p ,,ii  ,,?r\gh ,a ,,microscope  ,,by
 ,,m>y ,,treat   ,,ix4--,,!             
,,utricul>ia4  ,x seems /range t        
innoc5t-look+ plants %\ld capture & kill
 animals2 b ?is is really :at !         
,bladd]worts 7,utricul>ia7 are all ! "t 
do+4 ,!y gr[ 9 ponds & swamps1 "s       
species 9 deep1 /ill wat]1 o!rs 9 %all[ 
ponds4  ,fig4 #a %[s a portion ( ! /em (
 ,utricul>ia cl&e/9a1 natural size4 ,!  
little bladd]s are s ne>ly transp>5t1 t 
on br++ !m "u ! microscope1 or ev5 "u a 
good l5s1 y c see ! num]\s creatures t  
!y h captur$1 "s p>tly consum$1 o!rs    
/ill alive4  ,! bladd]s on ^! curi\s    
plants rem9d "o ( "s ( ! ,entomo/racans 
:i* ,mr4 ,wells describ$ 9 8 f\r? pap]4 
,look at ,*ydorus sph]icus = in/ance1 & 
!n at ! magnifi$ bladd] 7,fig4 #b7 9 ?is
 article4 ,! bran*$ horns at ! m\? or   
entrance h v mu* ! appe>ance ( ! ant5nae
 ( "s ( ! m9ute animals1 & ! /em :5 x is
 atta*$ to ! ma9 bran* may be lik5$ to a

 tail4 ,b ! way 9 :i* !y capture & dev\r
 ! pretty little creatures t come )9 _! 
grasp makes !m appe>1 ev5 m ?an !y look1
 l wick$ animals4    ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #a4 ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,/em ,,(   
,,utricul>ia ,,cl&e/9a2   ,,natural     
,,size4  ,i h f\nd almo/ e swimm+       
animalculae ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 caught
 9 ^! vegetable traps2 & :5 caught !y   
nev] escape4 ,_! entrance is easy en\gh2
 !re is a s5sitive valve at ! m\? ( !   
bladd]1 :i*1 if !y t\* x1 flies op5 &   
draws !m 9 z quick z a fla%4 ,^!        
d[nw>d-op5+ bladd]s n only entrap       
animalculae1 b1 m wond]ful /ill1 ! /rong
 l>vae ( insects4 ,! l>vae mo/ frequ5tly
 caught are ^? ( ! mosquito & *ironomus4
 ,(t5 ! mosquito is caught tail fir/--! 
entire body inclos$ & ! head left /ick+ 
out4 ,x always looks z if ! victim might
 walk or wriggle out1 b x nev] does2 & y
 may be sure t x nev] back$ 9 !re ( its 
own accord4  ,y all "k h[ ! mosquito    
l>va wriggles 9 ! wat]1 & is kn[n by !  
common "n ( wriggl]1 or sometimes       

inaccurately1 wiggl]4 ,n[ j z sure z !  
tail ( ?is wriggl] /rikes ! m\? ( !     
bladd]1 j s sure is he caught--drawn 9  
by "s unkn[n p[] quick] ?an y c speak4  
,!re is yet mu* to le>n ab\t ^! curi\s  
plants4 ,h[ x is t ! valve or trap c s  
firmly hold ^! /rong l>vae is /ill a    
my/]y4 ,i h se5 a mosquito l>va caught  
by ! head :5 ! fir/ jo9t ( ! body 0 too 
l>ge to be admitt$ ?r\gh ! entrance ( ! 
bladd]1 & h pati5tly wat*$ its frantic  
ef=ts to escape1 b x 0 nev] releas$4 ,! 
m x ?ra%$ ab\t1 ! tight] grew ! fatal   
trap until dea? put an end to its       
/ruggles4  ,! *ironomus l>va is q unlike
 t ( ! mosquito4 ,! *ironomus has bru%-l
 feet :i* x c )draw f sight--a sort (   
telescopic arrangem5t--or ext5d :5 x    
wi%es to crawl along ! plants1 :ile !   
mosquito wriggles & swims4  ,! *ironomus
 is caught m (t5 ev5 ?an ! mosquito     
l>va4 ,at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> x is    
almo/ impossible to f9d a bladd] )\t "o 
or m ( ^! victims entrapp$4  ,!y fe$ on 
! wat] plants1 & seem to h a special    

lik+ = ! long-bran*$ ant5nae :i* gr[ at 
! m\? ( ! bladd]s1 &1 all unconsci\s ( !
 trap1 on1 on !y g1 _! sickle-%ap$ jaws 
cutt+ ! ant5nae :i* !y eat z !y advance1
 until _! heads rea* ! m\? ( ! bladd]1  
:5 !y he$lessly t\* ! valve & ! trap is 
sprung & !y are drawn )91 nev] m to     
escape1 b to be sl[ly dev\r$4  ,!re is  
ano!r int]e/+ species ( ,utricul>ia1 !  
,purfurea1 q diff]5t 9 _m p>ticul>s f ! 
fir/4 ,x gr[s 9 deep1 /ill wat]4 ,! /ems
 are long1 sometimes two feet or m 9    
l5g?1 & ! bran*es radiate 9 e direction1
 s t "o plant (t5 cov]s q a l>ge surface
 ( wat]4 ,! fl[]+ /ems /& above ! wat]1 
& ea* /em be>s ?ree or f\r v pretty     
violet purple fl[]s1 & x blossoms ne>ly 
all summ]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4  
,,bladd] ,,( ,u4 ,,cl&e/9a ,,magnifi$   
,,tw5ty   ,,diamet]s4  ,! fl[]s are ab\t
 half an in* broad & q conspicu\s4 ,mo/ 
( ! o!r species h yell[ fl[]s4  ,!re are
 no little ?read-l leaves on ?is        
species1 & ! bladd]s are on ! ends ( !  
little bran*lets1 & !y h no %>p-po9t$   

ant5nae z 9 ! o!r species2 b 9 _! place 
is an elegant clu/] ( transp>5t glassy-l
 ornam5tal app5dages4 ,! ornam5ts are j 
above ! entrance1 & :o kn[s b ?is is a  
contrivance set !re to lure unw>y       
creatures into ! trap4  ,"o ( ! mo/     
common little creatures t 0 caught 9 ?is
 trap1 0 ! ,t>digrada1 or wat] be>4 ,he 
looks l a t9y cub1 b unlike 8 great     
namesake1 he has eight legs1 & he       
frequ5tly slips out ( 8 old sk9 & comes 
out 9 a new suit4  ,i (t5 f9d !m crawl+ 
9 a =e/ ( ^! plants1 pe]+ out ( a ?ick  
jungle--n[ asc5d+ a bran* & out on a    
limb1 hold+ fa/ ) _! long claws1 &      
app>5tly look+ ar\nd to see :at !y c    
f9d4  ,n[ "o seems to be attract$ to ?is
 elegant glassy clu/] ( ,utricul>ia4 ,at
 all ev5ts he is soon pu%+ 8 head among 
! delicate /ems1 !n /ops a mom5t1 /&+   
p]fectly /ill z if li/5+4 ,p]haps he    
he>s ! groans ( 8 dy+ comrades1 b all   
unhe$+ ! w>n+1 he /eps =w>d1 t\*es !    
fatal spr+1 :5 9 he goes to p]i% ) 8    
comrades4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4   

,,*ironomus ,,l>va3 ,,back ,,view ,,)   
,,feet ,,drawn ,,9   ,,& ,,jaws ,,clos$2
 ,,side ,,view ,,) ,,feet ,,ext5d$ ,,&  
,,jaws ,,clos$4  ,"y microscopi/s may l 
to "k t ! ,utricul>ia c be pres]v$ 9 !  
h\se a long "t by putt+ ! /ems or sprays
 9 an op51 %all[ di% ( wat] :]e !y w gr[
 readily4 ,i h kept ! plants mon?s      
toge!r 9 a l>ge glass di% :]e !y look$  
*>m+ly beautiful & 7 ! admiration ( all 
:o saw !m4 ,x is v int]e/+ to wat* _!   
gr[?4 ,! ends ( ! gr[+ sprays unroll l  
f]ns1 & ) a magnify+ glass y c see !    
developm5t ( ! little bladd]s1 & y may  
make discov]ies--:o kn[s8 ,i "k t = a   
long "t x 0 a my/]y to me h[ ! bladd]s  
captur$ & imprison$ ! little animals4 ,e
 day ,i saw !y 7 entrapp$ & nev] escap$1
 & ,i /udi$ & pond]$ ov] ! matt] a long 
"t1 & 0 s int]e/$ & det]m9$ to le>n !   
secret t ,i sp5t night aft] night look+ 
?r\gh ! microscope1 wat*+ ! /range1     
unw>y creatures fall into ! trap4  ,at  
la/ ,i conclud$ to adopt ! foll[+ plan3 
,i took sprays ( ! plants t ,i _h gr[n 9

 cle> wat] t conta9$ no animalcules1 s t
 all ! bladd]s 7 empty & q transp>5t4 ,9
 ano!r di% ,i _h put a great _m masses (
 mosquito eggs4 ,mosquito eggs are f\nd 
float+ on almo/ any /&+ wat]1 9 d>k1    
compact masses4 ,9 w>m wea!r !y hat* 9 a
 few h\rs4 ,s y c und]/& h[ quickly ,i  
c\ld sw>m a small vessel ( wat] ) !     
mosquito l>vae by introduc+ ! eggs :]e  
,i wi%$ !m to hat*4 ,:5 !y 7 hat*$ ,i   
put "s ( ! wat] 9 :i* 0 a l>ge numb] ( !
 t9y creatures into ! live box ) a spray
 ( ! plant conta9+ empty bladd]s4 ,i    
plac$ ! box "u ! microscope & closely   
wat*$ ! mann] ( capture4 ,i became c]ta9
 t 9 almo/ e in/ance ! l>vae 7 caught   
tail fir/4 ,! tail is bru%-l1 & :5 x    
swept ov] ! door or valve t leads into !
 bladd]1 ,i saw t ! door w\ld imm$iately
 fly op5 & always draw ! l>va 94 ,i soon
 became satisfi$ t ! valve 0 v s5sitive 
:5 t\*$ at ! "r po9t1 b to ?is day ,i _c
 tell :at ! p[] is t s quickly draws !  
creatures )94 ,i e>ne/ly hope t "s "y   
microscopi/s w yet be able to f]ret out 

! cause ( ?is s+ul> p[]4  ,^? :o h read 
,mr4 ,d>w9's v int]e/+ book on          
,insectivor\s ,plants1 w h notic$ t he  
says ! valve ( ,utricul>ia is n 9 ! lea/
 s5sitive1 & t ! little creatures =ce _!
 way into ! bladd]s--_! heads act+ l a  
w$ge4 ,b ?is is n ! case1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9  
himself 0 conv9c$ "s ye>s be=e 8 dea?4  
,9 8 usual k9d1 graci\s mann] he admitt$
 t he 0 wrong1 & gracefully says ! valve
 mu/ be s5sitive1 al?\gh he c\ld nev]   
excite any movem5t4 ,9 a lett] to me    
be>+ date ,june #a/1 #ahge1 he says3  ,i
 h read y\r article 79 ,h>p]s ,magaz9e7 
) ! greate/ int]e/4 ,x c]ta9ly appe>s f 
y\r excell5t obs]vations t ! valve is   
s5sitive4444 ,i _c und]/& :y ,i c\ld    
nev] ) all my pa9s excite any movem5t4  
,x is pretty cle> ,i am q wrong ab\t !  
head act+ l a w$ge4 ,! indraught ( !    
liv+ l>va is a/oni%+4   ,x4--,,free     
,,swimm+ ,,animalcules4  ,! ,brickmak]1 
,floscules1 & ,vorticellas are quiet    
peaceable citiz5s ( ! microscopic _w1 & 
seem to be impress$ ) ! grav] duties (  

life2 !y set up h\sekeep+ & settle d[n =
 life moor$ to "o spot4 ,b !re are _m   
o!rs t live a free-&-easy sort ( life--a
 w&]+ gypsy k9d ( an exi/5ce1 always on 
! move2 & !re is n mu* satisfaction 9   
try+ to foll[ ^! rov]s if we wi% to make
 a c>eful /udy ( _! /ructure4           
,illu/ration3 ,,skeleton ,,wat] ,,:eel4 
,s to be enabl$ to exam9e !m y w be     
compell$ to imprison !m 9 ! live-box &  
br+ j z mu* pressure to be> ^u !m z !y w
 /& )\t cru%+1 :i* ) c>eful practice y  
may soon le>n to d4 ,b if y are simply  
mak+ ! acqua9tance ( ^! little creatures
 = amusem5t1 x is m int]e/+ &           
satisfactory to wat* !m :ile !y are     
unre/ra9$1 & see ! curi\s feats !y p]=m4
  ,"o ( ! mo/ amus+ ( ^! little animals 
is ! ,skeleton ,:eel-be>] 7,d9o*>is     
pocillum74 ,8 portrait is se5 at ,figure
 #a4 ,he has a long foot consi/+ ( ?ree 
jo9ts1 & ^! jo9ts are z p]fect z ^? (   
our own knees & elb[s1 & c be mov$ z    
easily =w>d & sideways1 b n backw>d4 ,! 
jo9ts & foot are n cov]$ ) any fle%y    

sub/ance1 f :i* fact--! jo9ts be+ s     
conspicu\s--x probably receiv$ ! "n     
,skeleton4 ,two long sl5d] toes ext5d f 
! la/ jo9t1 & f ! tips ( ^! ! ,skeleton 
c %[ u m wond]ful feats ?an any circus  
p]=m]4  ,! toes c be widely sep>at$1 or 
br\ght close toge!r1 l a pair ( tongs4  
,sometimes he /&s on ! tip ( "o toe &   
?r[s 8 body =w>d1 or f side to side ) a 
rapid motion2 !n /raight5+ himself up1  
he /&s on ! tips ( bo? toes z if pos+1  
rema9+ p]fectly /ill = a few mom5ts &   
giv+ u an opportunity to take a good    
look at 8 curi\s body :i* is encas$ 9 a 
pretty vase-%ap$1 ?ree-sid$ transp>5t   
%ell4 ,! head ext5ds f ! top ( ! vase1 &
 is surm\nt$ ) ! usual cilia1 or :eel1  
:i* we see among all ! rotif]a4 ,:5 he  
is tir$ ( pos+1 away he swims 9 a       
graceful1 easy mann]1 ) 8 long foot     
/raight5$ out & ! toes br\ght close     
toge!r4  ,y sometimes w f9d ^! pretty   
creatures1 especially 9 summ]-"t1 v     
num]\s 9 ! s$im5t at ! bottom ( y\r     
collect+ bottles4 ,(t5 ,i h f\nd dead   

specim5s1 & v beautiful objects !y      
sometimes are4 ,great numb]s ( t9y      
scav5g]s h completely clean$ out all ( !
 s(t p>ts ( ! body 9 a mo/ neat & p]fect
 mann]1 leav+ ! beautiful %ell & v]tical
 column1 t runs ?r\gh x1 & ! foot &     
toes1 entire & p]fect 9 all ( _! p>ts4  
,?9k ( ! m9ut5ess ( ^! scav5g]s--untold 
numb]s ( !m prey+ ^u ! body ( an object 
invisible to ! nak$ eye2 & yet ?is body 
is a mammo? by ! side ( "o ( ! scav5g]s6
 ,! m9d c sc>cely grasp ! m9ut5ess ( ^! 
t9y creatures--creatures t seem to enjoy
 exi/5ce1 eat+1 & app>5tly play+ &      
ent]ta9+ ea* o!r l ! high] animals4     
,illu/ration3 ,,:iptail4  ,! :iptail    
7,ma/igoc]ca c>9ata7 7,fig4 #b7 is ano!r
 delicate pretty little creature1 &1 l !
 skeleton1 is encas$ 9 a glassy %ell4 ,x
 has a long1 tap]+1 sp9e-l foot1 or1 m  
prop]ly speak+1 a toe :i* is atta*$ to a
 v %ort foot by means ( a flexible jo9t 
:i* all[s free motion4 ,y (t5 w f9d him 
9 company ) ! ,skeleton1 & !y seem to   
vie ) ea* o!r 9 p]=m+ /range feats4 ,!  

,:iptail1 if possible1 looks ev5 m      
comical ?an ! ,skeleton :5 x /&s on !   
tip ( its long toe1 a toe :i* is long]  
?an ! entire l5g? ( ! body1 n[ b5d+ ov] 
& nibbl+ at ! plants1 n[ :isk+ ar\nd z  
if look+ & inquir+ into "s pass+ object1
 !n sail+ ?r\gh ! wat] ) a graceful1    
easy motion beyond sight4  ,bra*ionus   
pala is also a lovely creature encas$ 9 
a delicate transp>5t %ell4 ,x is        
consid]ably l>g] ?an ! ,skeleton or     
,:iptail1 & is j visible to ! unassi/$  
eye4 ,if y drop x 9 a phial ( cle> wat] 
& hold x up to ! light1 y c di/9ctly see
 x glid+ ?r\gh ! wat] l a revolv+ :ite  
speck4 ,a mod]ate p[] ( ! microscope    
reveals its beauty4 ,! %ell is swell$ at
 ! sides1 & n>r[ at ! m\?1 & r\nd ov] ! 
back1 :ile ! "u side is flat4           
,illu/ration3 ,,l>ge ,,rotif]4  ,l !    
,skeleton & ,:iptail1 ! head ( ! little 
,bra*ion is se5 protrud+ f ! upp] "p ( !
 %ell2 b in/ead ( "o :eel ?is *>m+      
little creature has two1 & no?+ c be m  
lovely ?an a sight ( ^! fa/ revolv+     

:eels1 l two beautiful cr[ns4  ,! reason
 ! :eel looks s /rik+ly beautiful 9     
,bra*ionus is ow+ to ! long cilia :i* is
 long] 9 ?is g5us ?an 9 o!r g5]a ( ?is  
great family4  ,! foot ( ,bra*ionus is m
 curi\s ?an t ( ! ,skeleton4 ,x is      
telescopic1 & ! little animal has ! mo/ 
p]fect control ov] x4 ,he c draw x )9 ! 
body s t x looks l a ball1 & aga9       
quickly ?ru/ x out & :isk x ar\nd 9 all 
directions l a tail4 ,x has two %ort    
toes at ! end :i* c be sep>at$ or br\ght
 toge!r at pleasure4 ,& he c firmly     
an*or himself by ! toes & /ret* =w>d1   
%[+ y ! great l5g? ( ! foot4 ,n[ he     
rolls f side to side )\t lett+ g 8 hold 
& p]=ms o!r /range feats1 & all ! :ile !
 :eels are rapidly revolv+1 he has /opp$
 8 headlong c>e] ?r\gh ! wat] & has     
settl$ d[n to get 8 supp]4  ,fig4 #c    
repres5ts "o ( ! l>ge/ rotif]s ) :i* ,i 
am acqua9t$4 ,i h nev] be5 able to f9d a
 description or engrav+ ( x 9 any "w on 
microscopy4 ,b x is probably well kn[n  
to microscopi/s1 = x has a wide range4  

,i h f\nd x 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,new      
,j]sey & ,florida4  ,y _c get a true    
idea ( its graceful beauty f ! draw+1 z 
x is repres5t$ z x 0 se5 9 ! live box ) 
suffici5t pressure ^u x to keep x f     
mov+1 :ile s]v+ z a model4 ,& no        
engrav+1 h[ev] p]fect1 c give y any idea
 ( its brilliant transp>5cy & delicate  
color+4  ,! play ( ! muscles & int]nal  
organs are pla9ly visible1 & y c always 
tell :at he has *os5 = d9n]4 ,diatoms & 
desmids =m a portion ( 8 diet4 ,8 m\? is
 bel[ ! :eel4 ,:5 he is hungry he an*ors
 himself by 8 =k$ tail & sets 8 :eel 9  
rapid motion1 :i* makes a p[]ful curr5t 
suffici5t to br+ q l>ge objects to 8    
head1 frequ5tly too l>ge to admit into !
 m\?4 ,he w (t5 repeat$ly try to take a 
desmid entirely too l>ge = 8 m\?1 & 8   
manoeuvres are q comical z he :irls x   
r\nd & r\nd1 nipp+ x on all sides4 ,y w 
see by look+ at ! figure t ev]y?+ has to
 be swall[$ or tak5 )9 ! body be=e x    
rea*es ! m\?4 ,:ile ! desmid is )9 !    
body ! rotif] has control ov] x         

suffici5t to take x into ! m\? if x is (
 ! "r size1 b if x is too l>ge he soon  
becomes disgu/$ & ejects x ) a sudd5    
movem5t :i* s5ds x :irl+ rapidly away4  
,& n[ he takes a small] "o & 8 jaws "w  
vigor\sly a mom5t or two1 :5 he swall[s 
x almo/ entire1 & we c pla9ly see !     
pretty m>k+s & brilliant gre5 color aft]
 x has pass$ into ! /oma*4  ,?is l>ge   
rotif] is pla9ly visible to ! nak$ eye1 
& y w f9d x 9 bo? %all[ & deep ponds1   
:]ev] wat] plants gr[1 dur+ ! mon?s (   
,july & ,augu/4   ,,xi4--,,on ,,!       
,,bea*4  ,_m ( our "y p sp5d ! mon? (   
,augu/ at ! seaside1 & if ^? :o wi% to  
le>n some?+ ( ! curi\s microscopic      
animals w /roll along ! bea* :5 ! tide  
has rec$$1 until !y come to rocky places
 & little pools fill$ ) salt wat] &     
v>i\s m>9e plants1 !y w f9d a =m (      
animal life q diff]5t f t 9 fre% wat]   
ponds4 ,^! little pools along ! rocky   
coa/ are ! homes ( c\ntless numb]s (    
zoophytes--animals :i* h a /rong]       
resemblance to plants & fl[]s ?an any we

 h f\nd 9 fre% wat]4  ,look = specim5s =
 microscopic "w on ! surface ( ! rocks1 
on dead sea %ells1 & on ! sea-we$s4 ,on 
! sea-we$s y w (t5 f9d a :ite filmy     
network :i* to ! unassi/$ eye looks l   
simple :ite ?reads runn+ & spread+ 9 e  
direction1 & at e angle ( ! network a   
t9y /em %oots up1 bran*+ out l a tree & 
mak+ a m9iature =e/4  ,n[ if y apply a  
l[ p[] ( ! microscope1 y w f9d ! little 
=e/ is made up ( a /range animal call$  
,laom$a g5iculata4 7,fig4 #a47 ,ea*     
bran* ( ?is comp\nd animal t]m9ates &   
exp&s into a lovely vase & is ! home ( a
 polype4 ,! polype is n a sep>ate       
individual any m ?an ! end ( a gr[+     
bran* is sep>ate f ! tree on :i* x gr[s4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,laom$a4  ,:5 !      
creature is hungry he s5ds out f ! m>g9 
( ! vase f fifte5 to tw5ty t5tacles1    
rang$ ar\nd ! rim l ! petals ( a fl[]4  
,figure #a %[s "o ( ^! exp&$ polypes z  
se5 ?r\gh ! microscope4  ,! t5tacles or 
feel]s are fi%+ rods to br+ game to !   
fle%y m\? :i* is protrud$ f ! c5tre ( ! 

vase4 ,a great _m su* m\?s surr\nd$ ) _!
 t5tacles are necess>y to fe$ ?is s+ul> 
comp\nd creature4  ,all t ,i c tell y ( 
^! microscopic animals w be no?+ comp>$ 
to a /udy ( !m ) y\r own eyes1 s ,i w   
only give y h9ts ( :at y may expect1    
!reby hop+ to create suffici5t int]e/ to
 induce y to /roll to out-(-!-way       
places1 :]e y may f9d _m ( ,nature's    
m>vell\s works4 ,we want m field work]s 
9 e dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 &      
especially 9 microscopy :]e unexplor$   
fields are await+ y4  ,:5 ! tide has    
rec$$1 v>i\s objects ( int]e/ w meet y\r
 eye at e /ep4 ,look at t old dead sea  
%ell cov]$ ) a r\gh1 %aggy nap4 ,ah1 z  
we approa*1 ! %ell is mov+ (f6 ,:at c x 
mean8 ,:y1 x means t a h]mit crab has   
set up h\sekeep+ 9 ! old %ell1 & he1 no 
d\bt1 ?9ks u suspici\s *>act]s & wants  
none ( our company4 ,b we are aft]      
microscopic objects n[1 & ?is h]mit1    
int]e/+ z he is1 is n to claim our      
att5tion to-day4 ,! r\gh coat on !      
outside ( ! %ell is ( m int]e/4  ,) !   

aid ( a pocket l5s y w f9d x ano!r      
zoophyte4 ,y c see ! polypes1 z ?ick z  
!y c well /&1 ris+ erect & /raight f !  
%aggy coat l a m9iature field ( :eat4 ,)
 a high] p[] y w see t ea* m\? is       
surr\nd$ ) t5tacles l ^? ( ,laom$a1 b   
yet x is q a diff]5t look+ creature4 ,if
 we t\* "o ( ^! polypes ev] s lightly1 !
 great army imm$iately close _!         
t5tacles1 = ! same life p]vades ! entire
 colony1 & ^? on ! extreme out] edge    
feel ! contact z quickly z ! "o we t\*$4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,l>es4  ,"o ( ! mo/  
comical & amus+ creatures ( all !       
zoophyte tribe1 is figur$ & describ$ by 
,mr4 ,gosse "u ! "n ( ,l> ,sabell>um4   
,he 0 ! fir/ obs]v] ( ?is curi\s        
creature2 he f\nd x inhabit+ ! out] edge
 ( ! tube ( a worm--! ,sabella4 ,s :5 y 
are look+ = microscopic objects d n     
ov]look any tube t y may see /&+ above !
 surface ( s& & mud1 z x may be surr\nd$
 by ?is s+ul> zoophyte4 ,! tubes usually
 ext5d an in* or two above ! surface1 & 
ab\t z f> bel[4 ,i h f\nd ! tubes       

surr\nd$ ) ! creatures1 b n 9 z good    
condition = inve/igation z ^? ,mr4      
,gosse m5tions4 ,m9e 7 too ?ick & cr[d$ 
to di/+ui% cle>ly4 ,b z ,mr4 ,gosse     
describes !m1 !y h a mo/ close          
resemblance to ! human figure z !y /&   
erect ar\nd ! m\? ( ! tube ( ,sabella4  
,a loose network surr\nds ! top ( ! tube
 & ! /range =ms spr+ f ! angles ( !     
me%es4 ,! creatures are furni%$ ) heads1
 & imm$iately bel[ ! head are two arms4 
7,fig4 #b47 ,! head moves to & fro on ! 
neck1 :ile ! arms are toss$ wildly ab\t 
z if ge/iculat+ 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ mann]4    
,or1 z 9 ! wild & disord]ly dances (    
savages ! body sways back & =? :ile !   
arms are ?r[n upw>d & d[nw>d 9 a frantic
 way4  ,"o summ] ,i f\nd a colony /&+ s 
?ickly toge!r t !y did n %[ (f to v good
 advantage4 ,app>5tly !y 7 l a pack$    
army ( ,liliputians1 /rik+ out ) _! arms
 & /ruggl+ ) "o ano!r4 ,b :5 ,i came to 
obs]ve !m m c>efully1 ,i f\nd !y 7 n    
int]f]+ ) "o ano!r at all1 b ea* 0 int5t
 on 8 own bus9ess ( obta9+ a livelihood4

    ,illu/ration3 ,,h& ,,( ,,b>nacle4   
,! ,sabella :i* inhabits ! tube1 is (   
itself a mo/ attractive object4 ,mo/    
elegant fr+$ filam5ts proce$ f ! head1 &
 wave back & =? l a fan1 & ne> ! ends ( 
^! delicate sl5d] filam5ts are little   
black balls1 suppos$ to be eyes4 ,if !y 
are eyes1 ! ,sabella has no lack (      
vision1 & ?is may acc\nt = 8 seem+      
wat*fulness4 ,he is always on ! al]t &  
drops d[n into 8 h\se at any approa*4   
,only ) ! utmo/ caution w y h an        
opportunity to leisurely look at 8 r>e  
beauty4  ,:5 = ! fir/ "t ,i saw ?is     
elegant1 beautiful creature ris+ out ( !
 tube1 & wav+ its fr+$ fan-l filam5ts1  
,i did n wond] at ,mr4 ,gosse's         
en?usiasm4 ,nei!r 0 ,i surpris$ t he    
%\ld be rem9d$ ( ! old ,roman my?ology &
 call ! zoophytes :i* surr\nd ! tube1   
,l>es1 = ! r>e beauty ( ,sabella w\ld   
sugge/ ! protection ( gu>dian spirits4  
,he says3  ,^! curi\s creatures h af=d$ 
mu* ent]ta9m5t1 n only to myself1 b to  
^? sci5tific fri5ds to :om ,i h _h      

opportunities ( exhibit+ !m4 ,:5 ,i see 
!m surr\nd+ ! mansion ( ! ,sabella1     
gaz+1 z x 71 aft] him z he retreats into
 8 ca/le1 fl++ _! wild arms ov] its     
entrance1 & keep+ wat* ) untir+         
vigilance until he reappe>s1 x seems to 
require no v vivid fancy to imag9e !m s 
_m gu>dian demons2 & ! ,l>es ( ! old    
,roman my?ology occurr+ to memory1 ,i   
describ$ ! =m "u ! sci5tific appellation
 ( ,l> ,sabell>um4 ,y may1 h[ev]1 if x  
pleases y bett]1 call !m 'wit*es danc+  
r\nd ! *>m$ pot4'  ,:5 ! tide is out y w
 frequ5tly notice b>nacles adh]+ to !   
rocks1 or to ! timb]s us$ 9 !           
con/ruction ( :>ves4 ,pray /op & exam9e 
!m critically & see :at admirable fi%]s 
!y are4 ,_! fi%+-nets are compos$ (     
sev]al long1 flexible1 jo9t$ f+]s1      
?ickly beset ) s5sitive hairs4 ,:5 !    
fi%] wants a meal he ?ru/s 8 long h&    
7,fig4 #c7 out ! door ( 8 /one h\se2 !  
s5sitive f+]s quickly tell :5 !y come 9 
contact ) any?+ good to eat1 & !y curl  
ov] & grasp x & convey x to ! m\?4  ,^! 

b>nacles are wond]ful creatures & well  
wor?y y\r cont9u\s /udy4 ,!y pass ?r\gh 
sev]al /ages4 ,:5 "y !y are a gay       
rolick+ set1 swimm+ freely 9 ! wat]2 b z
 maturity approa*es !y settle d[n 9 /one
 h\ses1 nev] m to rove ab\t1 & set up   
fi%+ = a liv+4   ,,xii4--,,rhizopods4   
,rhizopods are ! l[e/ creatures 9 !     
animal k+dom4 ,"s ( !m are app>5tly no?+
 m ?an animat$ protoplasm4 ,protoplasm  
p]ta9s to ! fir/ =mation ( liv+ bodies1 
:e!r vegetable or animal1 & x appe>s to 
be only a viscid1 glut9\s1 un=m$ mass ( 
jelly-l sub/ance1 yet ^! rhizopods seem 
end[$ ) some?+ m ?an simple life4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,amoeba       
,,pr9ceps1 ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,=ms4  ,let u 
take ! l[e/ ( ^! l[ly creatures1 !      
amoeba1 or proteus1 :i* we may f9d dur+ 
! summ] 9 almo/ e fre% wat] pond4 ,i _c 
describe x1 =1 l its namesake1 x is     
con/antly *ang+ its =m1 slipp+ away f u1
 z x 71 "r be=e our eyes1 & assum+ a new
 %ape4 ,z ,proteus ( old c\ld assume any
 =m1 ei!r plant or animal z he pleas$1 s

 our amoeba c assume v>i\s =ms at       
pleasure4  ,y w rememb] t ,hom]         
introduces ,proteus 9 ! f\r? book ( !   
,odyssey4 ,he makes him ! s]vant (      
,neptune1 & says 8 (fice 0 to take c>e (
 ! seals or sea-calves4 ,& :o kn[s b 8  
namesake may h "s su* (fice among !     
curi\s be+s ( ! microscopic _w :i* is   
peopl$ ) z _m /range creatures z ^? we  
read ( 9 anci5t my?ology8  ,we frequ5tly
 see our proteus adh]+ to a leaf ( "s   
wat] plant :5 x looks l a little ball ( 
jelly2 & :ile we are look+ at x1 x pu%es
 out an arm "h1 & n[ ano!r !re1 & /ill  
ano!r1 z if feel+ = some?+4 7,fig4 #a1  
,amoeba pr9ceps47 ,n f9d+ any?+ to its  
ta/e1 x moves or crawls along ) its     
tempor>y arms ext5d$--all ! :ile *ang+  
!m1 ?r[+ "o out on ?is side1 !n on t1 !n
 contract+ & pu%+ out 9 ano!r place4 ,x 
seems to be actively 9 se>* ( some?+4   
,at la/ x has rea*$ a mov+ diatom ) "o (
 its long arms1 :i* x imm$iately wraps  
ar\nd x1 & n[ ! o!r arms are contract$ &
 ! creature actually folds itself ar\nd 

its d9n]6 ,he turns himself outside 91 &
 makes a tempor>y /oma*1 & proce$s to   
dige/ ! s(t p>ts ( ! diatom4 ,aft] he   
has extract$ all ! n\ri%+ "p1 he        
squeezes or pu%es out ! cle>1 transp>5t 
%ell1 & />ts 9 se>* = some?+ m4  ,x is n
 kn[n to a c]ta9ty h[ ! amoebae are     
produc$1 b ?is mu* is kn[n3 ,if a       
portion ( ! body is deta*$ f ! re/1 x   
does n die1 b becomes an indep5d5t      
amoeba4 ,if a portion ( "o ( ! arms     
becomes sep>at$ f ! ma9 body1 x does n  
seem to incommode ! creature 9 ! lea/1 &
 ! small "p soon beg9s to ext5d t9y arms
 & behave 9 e way l its p>5t4 ,& ?is may
 be ! only way 9 :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,proteus
 are made--v]itable *ildr5 ( 8 own fle%4
  ,h[ /range x seems t a jelly-l mass ( 
sub/ance )\t =m or organization %\ld be 
end[$ ) life & suffici5t s5se to g 9    
se>* ( food & h ! p[] ( selection4      
,life manife/$ 9 ! l[e/ animal or plant 
is j z wond]ful & h>d to und]/& z t :i* 
p]vades ! high] animals4  ,"s ( !       
species ( ! fre% wat] amoeba live 9     

%ells ( v>i\s =ms & patt]ns4 ,"o :i* we 
(t5 see has a little h\se made ( t9y    
p>ticles ( s& & m9ute bits ( %ell sold]$
 toge!r ) a k9d ( cem5t :i* h>d5s 9     
wat]2 ^! are vase or pit*]-%ap$ & always
 look r\gh on ! outside4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,te/ace\s     
,,=ms ,,( ,,amoeban ,,rhizopods4  ,we   
may always "k ! diff]5t species by ! =ms
 & patt]ns ( ! %ells 9 :i* !y live4 ,"s 
h v regul> %ells & prettily m>k$4 ,^!   
are usually r\nd$ or ar*$ on "o side &  
flat on ! o!r4  ,:5 y are look+ = v>i\s 
microscopic objects 9 pond wat] y w (t5 
see ^! t9y %ells among ! s$im5t on y\r  
slides1 & if y w pati5tly wait a few    
mom5ts y w soon see delicate1 transp>5t 
arms sl[ly pu%+ out on e side l cauti\s 
feel]s4 7,figure #b1 ,amoeba 9          
,%ell4--,c>p5t]1 p4 #dde47  ,b ! mo/    
beautiful =ms1 & by f> ! greate/ v>iety 
( ^! microscopic %ells are f\nd 9 !     
ocean & 9 m>9e deposits4 ,if we look at 
! seawe$s :i* gr[ on ! rocks we may see 
_m :ite specks adh]+ to e "p ( ! plants4

 ,) a l5s we f9d ! m9ute specks are     
spiral %ells ( _m species belong+ to !  
class ,=am9if]a1 & v closely alli$ to ! 
amoeba4 ,! %ells are ( mo/ elegant =m & 
patt]n4 ,! l>ge sea-%ells :i* we s mu*  
admire are n half s lovely 9 =m or color
 z ^! se5 ?r\gh a microscope4 ,"s ( !   
liv+ animals & ! ca/les 9 :i* !y dwell  
are crimson 9 color1 o!rs a delicate    
p9k4  ,let u take "o ( ^! liv+ %ells    
:ile x cl+s to ! sea-we$ & c>efully cut 
(f ! smalle/ portion ( ! plant to :i* x 
adh]es1 s z to di/urb ! occupant z      
little z possible2 & n[ place x 9 ! live
 box ) "s ( ! salt wat] & we %all soon h
 a mo/ beautiful sight4  ,see1 !        
creature is ?r[+ out delicate1 transp>5t
 ?reads or filam5ts 9 e direction1 l    
f9e-spun glass4 ,h[ *>m+ x looks ) !    
beautiful %ell 9 ! c5tre1 surr\nd$ by   
?is mov+1 filmy halo1 & h[ sl[ly &      
cauti\sly ! filam5ts are ext5d$6 ,he is 
n a he$less1 reckless creature1 ru%+    
into ne$less dang]1 b a quiet1 timid    
citiz54 ,al?\gh he 0 su* a long "t ?r[+ 

out 8 mi/y arms1 :5 he sc5ts dang] he   
)draws !m z quick z a fla%4 ,! lea/ j> (
 ! live-box1 or a little wriggl+        
l>va--mu* too l>ge = him to manage1     
h[ev]--are suffici5t to make him take 9 
all ( 8 l9es2 b :5 quiet is re/or$1 !y  
are aga9 /ret*$ out4 ,& = :at purpose   
are ^! sl5d] filam5ts ext5d$8 ,ah1 an   
innoc5t animalcule has become entangl$  
among ! %imm]+1 filmy ?reads1 & n[ !    
?reads coalesce1 run toge!r l ! arms (  
amoeba1 & disappe>1 & ! animalcule is   
drawn )9 ! walls ( ! beautiful ca/le1 & 
we are left to conjecture ! fate ( !    
little victim4 ,figure #c1 ,rotalia     
,ornata--:i* %[s its delicate filam5ts  
ext5d$4  ,^! t9y creatures h be5 s      
num]\s way back 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 t 
entire /rata ( rocks1 sev]al feet 9     
?ickness1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 are made 
up ( _! skeletons4 ,! city ( ,ri*mond1  
,virg9ia1 is built ov] rocks1 compos$   
l>gely ( ! m9ute fossils ( ,diatomaceae 
int]m+l$ ) ! ,=am9if]a & o!rs4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,rotalia      

,,ornata4  ,a s+le prep>$ slide ( ^!    
fossils w af=d ent]ta9m5t = an entire   
ev5+1 s great is ! div]sity ( =m & s _m 
hundr$s on "o slide4 ,! ,bahama ,isl&s  
furni% ! f9e/ specim5s ( ^! fossils4 ,! 
slides c be procur$ ( any l>ge deal] 9  
optical in/rum5ts1 or1 :at is /ill      
bett]1 ! "y microscopi/ c soon le>n to  
prep>e !m = himself1 z ample directions 
are giv5 9 ! books on ! microscope4  ,9 
bidd+ my "y read]s adieu ,i %all n lose 
entire ?\ght ( !m1 b (t5 :5 ,i am engag$
 9 look+ ?r\gh ! microscope1 ,i %all ?9k
 & ask myself1 ,are !y1 too1 absorb$ 9  
?is pleasant "w1 & h[ _m w become true  
work]s & orig9al inve/igators 9 ?is     
great field8 ,we %all all "k 9 due "t1 =
 no e>ne/ work] 9 any bran* ( sci5ce c  
long rema9 unkn[n4 ,he w be f\nd out    
soon] or lat]4 ,a devot$ /ud5t 9        
microscopy w become s happy ov] !       
m>vell\s creatures & _! curi\s ways t he
 _c keep 8 pleasure to himself4     ,,"p
 ,,iii  ,a ,,home-,,made ,,microscope1  
,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x  ,,by ,,fr$]ick 

,,l]oy ,,s>g5t   ,,xiii4--,,h[ ,,to     
,,see ,a ,,d&elion4  ,a simple          
microscope1 "s m\nt$ ne$les1 a %>p knife
 & a pair ( small =ceps1 are ! only ?+s 
ne$$ to beg9 )4  ,!re are _m k9ds (     
simple microscopes sold1 "s ( :i* are ( 
mod]ate price & answ] e purpose2 b if "o
 has a little me*anical skill ! *eape/  
way is to buy a magnifi] & make ! re/ ( 
! microscope "o's self4 ,:at is kn[n z !
 bell[s patt]n1 ) ?ree l5ses1 is "o ( ! 
be/ ( ! *eap] =ms ( magnifi]s1 & is an  
admirable little in/rum5t4  ,fig4 #a %[s
 a home-made microscope ready = use4 ,x 
w be se5 t ! ma9 "p consi/s ( a wood5   
box hav+ a hole 9 ! top & op5 9 front4  
,to ! back is atta*$ a cork by means ( a
 piece ( ?9 metal z %[n 9 fig4 #b4      
,?r\gh ?is cord slides a rod on :i*     
slides ano!r cork4 ,a piece ( brass wire
 has "o end w\nd r\nd ! upp] cork :ile !
 o!r end projects z an arm at "r angles 
to ! rod1 & ?is project+ end %>p5$ &    
upturn$1 passes ?r\gh holes drill$ 9 !  
h&le ( ! magnifi]1 & ?us supports x4 ,! 

l5ses are focus$1 i4 e4 br\ght to ! "r  
di/ance f ! object view$1 by slid+ !    
cork up & d[n on ! rod4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #a4  ,! object re/s on a piece (
 glass laid ov] ! hole 9 ! top ( ! box4 
,a piece ( wood cov]$ ) :ite pap] &     
plac$ bel[ ! object at an angle ( ab\t  
=ty-five degrees answ]s = a reflector to
 illum9ate ^? objects ?r\gh :i* ! light 
c pass4 ,! pure :ite surface is bett] = 
! purpose ?an a mirror4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #b4  ,! mo/ delicate "p ( !     
con/ruction is mak+ ! holes 9 ! corks = 
! rod to slide ?r\gh4 ,?is may be done  
p]fectly1 h[ev]1 by mak+ ! holes ) a    
rat-tail file1 try+ ! rod n[ & !n until 
x moves j "r4 ,! be/ ?+ = ! rod is a    
piece ( brass wire "o qu>t] ( an in*    
?ick2 a lead p5cil h[ev] is a good      
sub/itute4 ,be=e b5d+ ! end ( ! brass   
wire arm x is well to heat x r$-hot at !
 po9t ( b5d+1 to take out ! temp]3 z    
o!rwise x may break4 ,! holes 9 ! h&le (
 ! magnifi] %\ld be drill$ z ne> ! front
 z possible & s arrang$ t :5 ! magnifi] 

is 9 position ! smalle/ l5s w be ne> !  
object4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4  ,! 
m\nt$ ne$les are %[n 9 fig4 #c4 ,"o pair
 ( ea* k9d w be en\gh to />t )4 ,to make
 "o1 take a f9e ne$le1 break (f ab\t a  
?ird1 s x w n be too long & spr+y2 !n ) 
a pair ( p9c]s =ce x into ! h&le po9t   
fir/1 )draw x & f9ally =ce x 9 aga9 ) ! 
po9t out4 ,x may be easily b5t ) ! p9c]s
 by fir/ heat+ x to r$ness 9 a flame4   
,:5 b5t1 heat x r$ once m & plunge      
quickly into wat] to re-temp] x4 ,rubb+ 
on an oil /one may be necess>y to remove
 r\ghness4 ,%\ld ! h&les %[ any t5d5cy  
to split1 x w\ld be well to wrap ! end  
tightly ) wax$ ?read4  ,! =ceps 7fig4   
#d7 may be pur*as$ ei!r ( brass or /eel 
at no great exp5se4 ,al?\gh n necess>y x
 is m conv5i5t to h !m curv$ ?an        
/raight4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4    
,if ! read] w c>efully foll[ !          
directions giv5 bel[ & endeavor to see =
 himself all ! p>ts spok5 (1 he w       
probably h v little difficulty aft]w>d 9
 ! use ( ! in/rum5ts j describ$2 & !    

enjoym5t he w h :5 he has le>n$ h[ to   
exam9e little ?+s1 w amply repay =      
c>eful & p]si/5t ef=ts at ! />t4 ,get a 
,d&elion 9 full bloom & also "o t has   
gone to se$4  ,h ! microscope & ! o!r   
in/rum5ts ready = use4 ,! be/ place to  
"w is on a table 9 front ( a w9d[ :]e   
!re is pl5ty ( light1 b n ! direct rays 
( ! sun4  ,n[ cut ! blossom 9 halves f !
 /em up4 ,x w be se5 t ! /em is holl[ & 
ends above 9 a cu%ion-l expansion4 ,f ! 
upp] surface ( ?is gr[ a numb] ( little 
fl[]s1 :ile f ! sides !re sprang two r[s
 ( little gre5 organs t enclose ! fl[]  
clu/] l a cup4 ,remove "o ( ! fl[]s ) ! 
=ceps & place x 9 a drop ( wat] on !    
glass /age ( ! microscope4 ,exam9e ) "o 
& "o half in* p[]4,a  ,be c>eful to get 
j ! focus4 ,y are n[ ready to see !     
g5]al =m ( ! fl[]4 ,at ! base is a      
little body ) r\gh5$ sides & slightly   
n>r[$ above 7! ov>y74 ,spr++ f ! top ( !
 ov>y are a numb] ( f9e bri/les 7!      
pappus74 ,inside ! bri/les is a yell[   
portion1 tubul> bel[ & flat above 7!    

corolla74 ,project+ f ! tube ( ! corolla
 is a little yell[ rod 7! top ( ! /am5s 
jo9$ toge!r72 & com+ f among ! /am5s are
 two sl5d] recurv$ organs 7! /igmas74   
,n[ take a m\nt$ ne$le 9 ea* h& & hold+ 
"o ne$le on ! flat "p ( ! corolla split 
op5 ! tubul> "p ) ! o!r4 ,by keep+ ! l[]
 "p spread op5 ) ! ne$les1 y w see t a  
numb] ( delicate yell[ ?reads gr[ f !   
sides ( ! corolla & are connect$ ) !    
yell[ /am5 rod4 ,^! ?reads are ano!r "p 
( ! /am5s4 ,9 ! middle ( ! fl[] is a    
s+le ?read-l organ 7! /yle7 :i* comes f 
! top ( ! ov>y & pass+ ?r\gh ! /am5s    
projects beyond !m1 divid$ into two     
/igmas4  ,mo/ ( my read]s h probably    
/udi$ en\gh botany to "k ! names ( !    
diff]5t p>ts ( a fl[]1 b v likely _m (  
!m d n recognize ! p>ts ( ! ,d&elion    
fl[] z look+ any?+ l ! p>ts ( ! fl[] )  
:i* !y are famili>4  ,be=e proce$+      
fur!r1 !re=e let u take a ,morn+-,glory 
fl[]--:i* y all "k & c easily obta91 or 
at lea/ "s fl[] l x--& let u see t !    
p>ts ( ! two correspond4  ,comm5c+ 9 !  

c5tre we f9d 9 bo? a pi/il1 consi/+ ( an
 ov>y at ! base & a /igma at ! top & a  
/yle betwe54 ,9 ! ,d&elion ! /igma is   
split 9 halves1 :ile 9 ! morn+-glory x  
is n split b has ?ree little knobs4     
,ar\nd ! pi/il come ! /am5s 9 ea* case4 
,ea* /am5 is compos$ ( two p>ts3 a sl5d]
 /em 7! filam5t7 & a little sac at ! end
 7! an!r7 :i* is fill$ ) poll5 du/4 ,9  
bo? cases ! filam5ts gr[ out ( ! sides (
 ! corolla4 ,b :ile 9 ! ,morn+-,glory ! 
an!rs are entirely free f "o ano!r1 9 ! 
,d&elion !y are jo9$ toge!r by _! sides 
& =m a tube ar\nd ! /yle4 ,! corolla 9  
bo? cases is all ( "o piece1 b 9 !      
,d&elion x is z if ! upp] "p ( ! corolla
 7 split op5 "o side & !n made flat4    
,in/ead ( a gre5 calyx z 9 !            
,morn+-,glory1 ! ,d&elion has a numb] ( 
delicate :ite bri/les4 ,&1 f9ally1 9 !  
,morn+-,glory bo? ! calyx & corolla gr[ 
out f bel[ ! ov>y1 :ile 9 ! ,d&elion its
 calyx ( bri/les & its corolla issue f  
above ! ov>y4 ,s aft] all1 y w see t    
correspond+ organs are 9 bo?1 & !       

diff]5ce betwe5 ! two fl[]s is n s great
 z "o might ?9k at fir/4  ,let ! diff]5t
 p>ts ( ! ,d&elion be exam9$ n[ m       
m9utely4 ,fir/ take "s ( ! bri/les &    
exam9e !m ) "o qu>t] in* p[]4 ,!y are n 
p]fectly smoo?1 b are m or less saw-l on
 ! edge4 ,) ! same p[] look at o!r p>ts 
( ! fl[]2 notice ! hair9ess ( ! /igmas1 
! poll5 gra9s com+ out ( ! an!rs 7"s    
gra9s may be f\nd on ! /igmas7 also !   
r\ghness ( ! ov>y & ! delicate ribs or  
ve9s 9 ! corolla4 ,exam9e "o ( ! se$-l  
fruits ) "o & "o half in* p[]4 ,x is a  
rip5$ ov>y4 ,comp>e ! fruit ) ! ov>y ( a
 fl[]4 ,! nutlet has become h>d1 r\gh] &
 m /rongly ribb$4 ,! n>r[$ upp] "p ( !  
ov>y has become mu* elongat$ & ! pappus 
is spread out l an inv]t$ umbrella4     
,exam9e "s bri/les ) "o qu>t] in* p[]4  
,!y %[ ! saw-l edges mu* m develop$ ?an 
9 ! y\ng] bri/les ( ! fl[]4 ,we see     
?r\gh\t a beautiful adaptation ( e "p = 
fitt+ ! little p>a*ute to be c>ri$ long 
di/ances by ! w9d & f9ally to cat* on "s
 suitable place 9 :i* to spr\t4         

,,xiv4--,,h[ ,,to ,,see ,a ,,bumble     
,,bee4  ,y w fir/ ne$ to cat* y\r       
,bumble ,bee4 ,a little *lor(orm p\r$ on
 "o w kill x in/antly4 ,make a g5]al    
exam9ation at ! outset ( ! insect4 ,!   
outside ( ! body is horny & cov]$ ?ickly
 ) hairs4 ,on ! upp] side ! hairs are   
mu* m num]\s ?an on ! "u side4 ,! :ole  
body is divid$ into ?ree regions3 !     
head1 be>+ ! feel]s & m\?-p>ts2 a middle
 "p 7?orax7 be>+ ! f\r w+s & six legs2 &
 a h9d "p 7abdom57 arm$ ) ! /+4  ,remove
 ! head & exam9e ) "o & "o half in* p[]4
 ,at ! sides are two prom95t oval bodies
 7comp\nd eyes7 :i* seem to be cross$ by
 five l9es2 ne> ! top ( ! head1 betwe5 !
 comp\nd eyes1 are ?ree little %9y      
bead-l organs 7simple eyes72 />t+ f ab\t
 ! middle ( ! face are ! two feel]s     
7ant5nae7 & at ! l[] "p ( ! head are !  
m\?-p>ts4 ,! sides1 top & front ( ! head
 are all cov]$ ) hair4  ,exam9e "o ( !  
comp\nd eyes ) "o f\r? in* p[]4 ,!      
surface is made up ( innum]able little  
facets1 some?+ l a cut diamond4  ,cut (f

 a piece ( "o ( ! comp\nd eyes1 remove  
"s ( ! black pigm5t on ! back & exam9e !
 piece 9 a drop ( wat]4 ,ea* facet is a 
t9y hexagon4 ,"s c>e is necess>y to see 
!m well4  ,remove an ant5na & exam9e x )
 ?ree f\r?s in* p[]4 ,x is ?ickly cov]$ 
) m9ute hairs :i* give x a velvety      
appe>ance4 ,c\nt ! jo9ts4 ,at ! base is 
! longe/ jo9t2 at ! l[] end ( :i* is a  
little knob t fits into a socket 9 !    
head4 ,! next jo9t is q small :ile ^?   
beyond are mu* alike4  ,scrape ! hairs f
 ! face & exam9e ! horny %ell ) ?ree    
f\r?s in* p[]4 ,! surface is full (     
little pits4 ,9 ! upp] "p ( ! face !re  
is a groove1 9 ! middle ( :i* is "o ( ! 
simple eyes4 ,j bel[ ! ant5nae sockets  
is a groove :i* ext5ds crosswise a %ort 
di/ance on ei!r side & !n b5ds d[nw>ds  
to ! m\?4 ,! portion ( ! face b\nd$ by  
?is groove is call$ ! clypeus4 ,at its  
l[] "p is h+$ a little oblong piece     
7labium7 :i* may be mov$ up & d[n ) a   
ne$le4  ,melt a piece ( seal+ wax on !  
c5tre ( a slip ( glass 7tak+ c>e n to   

break ! glass by too sudd5 heat+7 & be=e
 ! wax h>d5s press ! head into x face   
d[nw>ds4  ,exam9e ) "o in* p[]4 ,! hole 
ne> ! top ( ! head %[s ! position ( !   
neck4 ,! portion ( ! head ar\nd ?is hole
 is de/itute ( hairs & is holl[$ 91 to  
make room = ! r\nd$ front "p ( ! ?orax4 
,bel[ ?is "o !re is ano!r cavity :i*    
conta9s a portion ( ! m\? p>ts :5 !y are
 retract$4 ,at ea* side ( ! m\? 9 front 
( ! base ( ! suck+ organs1 are ! two    
jaws 7m&ibles7 ea* ) a little tuft (    
hair on ! out] side4 ,! jaws move freely
 to & f ea* o!r1 sideways in/ead ( up & 
d[n z d ! jaws ( ! high] animals4 ,!    
suck+ app>atus consi/s ( five pieces    
viz3 two out]mo/ pieces ea* tap]+ to a  
f9e po9t1 two1 ea* ( :i* ends 9 ?ree    
little jo9ts & "o 9 ! c5tre :i* projects
 beyond ! o!rs4 ,x may be necess>y to   
spread ^! out ) ! ne$le1 to see !m well4
  ,sep>ate ! ?orax f ! re/ ( ! body4    
,scrape (f ! hairs on ! back4 ,two      
pr9cipal grooves ext5d across ! back1 "o
 ne> ! front & "o ne> ! h9d m>g94 ,!    

?orax is compos$ ( ?ree divisions & ^!  
grooves %[ :]e !y are jo9$ toge!r4 ,!   
h9d division be>s ! h9d w+s & ! h9d pair
 ( legs2 ! middle division1 mu* ! l>ge/ 
division ( ! ?ree1 be>s ! =e w+s & !    
middle pair ( legs2 & ! =emo/ division  
is q small & be>s only ! front pair (   
legs4  ,remove ! w+s ( "o side & exam9e 
9 a drop ( wat] ) "o & "o half in* p[]4 
,! w+s consi/ ( a %9+ transp>5t membrane
 /r5g!n$ by num]\s horny ve9s runn+     
?r\gh x4 ,exam9e ) "o half in* p[]4 ,!  
membrane is se5 to be cov]$ ) m9ute     
hairs & little dots4 ,on ! front edge ( 
! h9d w+ a %ort di/ance f ! out] end is 
a r[ ( hooks4 ,at a correspond+ place on
 ! h9d edge ( ! =e w+ !re is a ?ick5+ or
 ridge4 ,:5 fly+1 ! hooks cat* onto !   
ridge & ?us ! w+s are held toge!r & act 
z "o l>ge w+4  ,exam9e ?is grappl+      
app>atus ) "o f\r? in* p[] & ) ! ne$les 
hook ! w+s toge!r & pull !m ap>t4 ,if y 
look ?r\gh ! magnifi] :ile y d ?is y w  
get a good idea ( ! =m ( ! ridge & ( h[ 
! hooks cat* onto x4 ,remove "o ( !     

=elegs1 be+ sure t none rema9s atta*$ to
 ! body4 ,exam9e ) "o & "o half in* p[]4
 ,! extremity is arm$ ) two claws2 !n   
come f\r %ort jo9ts foll[$ by "o ab\t z 
long z ! o!rs toge!r4 ,all ^! make up ! 
foot4 ,! next jo9t above is ! %ank1 !n  
comes ! ?igh & !n q a small jo9t1 ! l[] 
hip1 & la/ly atta*$ to ! body is ! upp] 
hip4  ,remove ! la/ five jo9ts ( ! foot 
7! claw "p1 & ! o!r f\r jo9ts7 exam9e ) 
"o ?ird in* p[]4 ,! claws h ea* a bran* 
project+ f ! inn] edge4 ,betwe5 ! claws 
is a little velvety pad4 ,ea* ( ! small 
jo9ts is cov]$ ) %ort closely appress$  
hairs & f ! l[] end ( ea* jo9t project  
sev]al sp9es4 ,n[ exam9e ! rema9+ long  
jo9t ( ! foot atta*$ to ! %ank4 ,at !   
upp] end ( ! inn] side is a deep        
semicircul> not*1 ! upp] portion ( :i*  
is light color$4 ,beside ! not* is a    
peculi>ly %ap$ movable sp9e :i* projects
 f ! l[] end ( ! %ank4 ,?is que]        
arrangem5t is :at ! bee uses to clean 8 
feel]s4 ,! read] has probably se5 !     
op]ation p]=m$ by a bee or a wasp4 ,!   

leg is ?r[n ov] ! feel]1 ! latt] is     
grasp$ at t p>ticul> b5d ( ! leg :]e !  
cleans+ app>atus is situat$ & !n drawn  
?r\gh f base to tip2 & ?is is repeat$   
sev]al times ) ea* feel]4  ,exam9e ) "o 
& "o half in* p[] a leg f ea* ( ! o!r   
pairs & comp>e ! correspond+ p>ts4 ,!y  
diff] *iefly 9 size & 9 ! abs5ce ( !    
cleans+ app>atus4 ,y _c fail to admire !
 _m beautiful =ms ( ! diff]5t portions4 
,on ! out] side ( ! h9d %ank is a smoo? 
flatti% surface de/itute ( hairs1       
except+ a fr+e ( long ones at ! m>g94   
,at ?is place may sometimes be f\nd a   
/icky mass ( poll5 int5d$ = bee-bread4  
,exam9e ! abdom5 ) "o & "o half in* p[]4
 ,x is compos$ ( sev]al w+s4 ,if "s ( ! 
hairs are scrap$ (f ?is w be %[n m      
cle>ly4 ,f ! h9d extremity projects !   
/+4  ,we h f> f exhau/$ all ! beautiful 
& int]e/+ po9ts 9 ! make-up ( a ,bumble 
,bee1 n ev5 ^? t may be se5 ) ! limit$  
p[]s ( a simple microscope2 b probably  
en\gh has be5 said to %[ ! read] t su*  
?+s are well wor?y ( /udy & x is hop$ t 

en\gh directions h be5 giv5 to r5d]     
future use ( ! in/rum5ts comp>atively   
free f difficulty4   ,,xv4--,,"s        
,,little ,,?+s ,,to ,,see4  ,!re is no  
end to ! beautiful & wond]ful ?+s "o c  
see ) ! simple microscope4 ,only a few (
 ! m attractive & easily obta9$ ( ^! are
 n[ to be m5tion$4  ,to beg9 )1 !re are 
ev] s _m pretty fl[]s to look at4 ,!    
a/]worts1 t is1 su* fl[]s z ! daisy1    
a/]1 gold5 rod1 d&elion & ?i/le1 are    
p>ticul>ly full ( beauty4 ,! blossoms   
are all made up ( a numb] ( little fl[]s
 z 9 ! d&elion2 b ! %apes & colors & s  
=?1 ( ! diff]5t k9ds are exce$+ly v>i\s4
 ,"s1 su* z ! a/]s & daisies1 h two k9ds
 ( fl[]s 9 ! same blossom--fl[]s )      
/rap-%ap$ corollas 7l ! d&elion's7 are  
arrang$ along ! m>g9 ( ! blossom1 :ile 9
 ! c5tre are little fl[]s ) />-%ap$     
corollas pres5t+ a mu* diff]5t          
appe>ance4 ,fl[]s ( _m ( ! ,p>sley      
,family1 = example wild c>rot1 wild     
p>snip & c>away1 are q odd4 ,v pretty   
fl[]s are f\nd among ! grasses1 s$ges & 

common we$s4 ,! diff]5t trees z !y bloom
 9 spr+--! maples1 elms1 will[s1 popl>s1
 sassafras & ho/s ( o!rs--all h fl[]s t 
are p]fectly lovely4 ,mo/ ( ^! fl[]s ne$
 to be pick$ to pieces "u ! magnifi] to 
%[ up _! full beauty4 ,! p>ts ( fl[]s1  
bo? small & l>ge ones1 des]ve att5tion4 
,frequ5tly "o meets ) rem>kable =ms4    
,se$s are highly int]e/+4 ,!y are (t5   
h&somely m>k$ ) s]ies ( pits or         
projections1 grooves or ridges4 ,"o     
meets ) _m curi\s app5dages by means (  
:i* ! se$s are c>ri$ (f & s[n at a      
di/ance f ! plant4 ,"s1 l ! d&elion1 h a
 p>a*ute atta*m5t2 o!rs h w+s to cat* ! 
w9d1 & o!rs /ill are cov]$ ) hook$ sp9es
 :]eby !y become atta*$ to ! fur (      
animals1 !re to rema9 until bru%$ (f    
onto ! gr\nd4  ,leaves & /ems sometimes 
h on !m beautiful hairs & oil-gl&s4 ,!  
wooly cov]+ ( common mulle91 = example1 
is made up ( innum]able sl5d]-bran*$    
hairs4 ,^! %[ be/ :5 a piece ( ! leaf   
brok5 (f is look$ at edgewise4  ,if y   
exam9e ! fruit-dots on ! backs ( !      

diff]5t k9ds ( f]ns y w be surpris$ to  
f9d h[ pretty !y are & ( h[ _m diff]5t  
%apes4 ,sometimes ! fruit is n borne on 
! back ( ! leaf b =ms little clu/]s by  
!mselves1 :i* are sometimes at ! end ( !
 f]n1 sometimes 9 ! middle1 sometimes on
 a sep>ate /alk4  ,mosses1 li*5s &      
sea-we$s are well wor? look+ at4  ,e>ly 
9 ! summ] an exquisite little fungus    
call$ ,clu/] cups may be f\nd on !      
und]side ( b>b]ry leaves4 ,haw?orn & o!r
 plants h h&some fungi on !m lat] 9 !   
season4  ,by obs]v+ closely :ile out 9 !
 fields or woods1 "o sees hov]+ ab\t 9  
sw>ms1 myriads ( t9y insects4 ,"u ! l5s 
"s ( !m are v odd1 o!rs v beautiful4 ,! 
easie/ way to cat* ^! little midgets1 is
 to wet ! palm ( ! h& & !n sweep x among
 !m1 or 9 ! same way use a piece ( /icky
 pap]4  ,! /udy ( ! diff]5t p>ts (      
insects is "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ ( ! _m   
uses ( ! ,simple microscope4 ,al?\gh all
 insects are made up on ! same g5]al    
plan & correspond+ organs occur 9 mo/ ( 
!m1 !re is an endless v>iety 9 ! =ms "u 

:i* we see ! diff]5t organs & ! uses to 
:i* !y are put4  ,take = example !      
ant5nae4 ,9 ! gras%opp] x is long &     
?readlike2 9 ! butt]flies always end+ 9 
a knob2 9 mo?s always tap]+ to a po9t1  
al?\gh sometimes ?readlike & sometimes  
mu* bran*$1 =m+ a beautiful plume2 9 !  
beetles1 sometimes fan-l1 sometimes l a 
comb2 & 9 o!r insects assum+ /ill o!r   
=ms4 ,insects' eyes are (t5 color$      
beautifully4 ,a horse-fly's eyes are    
/rip$4 ,butt]flies' eyes h usually a s(t
 liquid color+1 & mo?s' eyes 9 ! d>k %9e
 l little fi]y beads4  ,! m\?s (        
insects1 su* z beetles1 gras%opp]s &    
dragon flies1 h /rong jaws = bit+2      
flies1 bugs1 mo?s & butt]flies1 h !     
m\?-p>ts trans=m$ into suck+ organs1    
:ile bees1 wasps & ! l h bo? suck+      
organs = honey1 & bit+ organs =         
leaf-cutt+1 wood-te>+ etc4 z we saw 0 ! 
case 9 ! ,bumble ,bee4  ,butt]flies' w+s
 & mo?s' w+s are cov]$ ) little scales (
 a v>iety ( %apes4 ,^! %\ld be exam9$   
atta*$ to ! w+ to %[ _! arrangem5t :i*  

is l t ( %+les on a ro(2 b to %[ _! =m  
!y %\ld be look$ at :5 bru%$ f ! w+ onto
 a piece ( glass4 ,_m o!r peculi>ities  
may be notic$ 9 ! w+s ( o!r k9ds (      
insects4  ,legs1 ! same z ! o!r organs1 
h v>i\s =ms1 m>k+s & app5dages1 & s x is
 ) ! abdom5 & its /+s or its egg-lay+   
app>atus4  ,! hairs ( ,wooly ,be>s &    
cat]pill>s ( t k9d are peculi>ly bran*$4
  ,! f\r h9d pairs ( feet 9 cat]pill>s  
are arm$ ea* ) a r[ ( little hooks :i*  
are us$ 9 walk+ to get a firm hold4 ,!  
l>g] cat]pill>s %[ ! hooks be/4         
,sometimes y w f9d pretty insect eggs on
 ! und]side ( leaves or on /ems1 & also 
little silk5 cocoons 9 simil> places4   
,if y are ne> a pond-hole1 or an old    
hog%ead t collects ra9 wat]1 y c f9d a  
good _m little animals1 "s ( !m v       
frisky--"y mosquitoes or polywogs1      
wat]-fleas1 cyclops1 little worms1 "y   
dragon-flies & lots ( o!rs4 ,:5 y g to  
collect !m take a small wide-m\? bottle 
&1 hav+ f\nd a place :]e !re is :at y   
want1 l[] y\r bottle1 m\? d[n1 9 ! mid/ 

( !m & :5 x is well "u wat] turn ! m\?  
upw>ds4 ,a good _m ( ! animals w run 9 )
 ! wat]4 ,if ! fir/ "t y d n get :at y  
want1 ! second "t y may4 ,:5 y want to  
exam9e !m at home y c fi% !m out ) a    
glass tube & put !m 9 a wat* cry/al or  
on ! glass /age ( ! microscope4 ,9 us+ !
 tube take x betwe5 ! ?umb & middle &   
?ird f+]s1 & close ! top ) y\r fir/ f+]2
 !n put ! l[] end ( ! tube 9 ! wat]     
close to ! ?+ y want to cat*2 n[ lift   
y\r fir/ f+] quickly & ! wat] w run 9 ! 
l[] end ( ! tube c>ry+ ) x y\r little   
squirm]1 unless he has be5 too quick =  
y4 ,close ! top ( y\r tube aga9 & ! wat]
 w n run out :5 y remove ! tube1 until y
 lift y\r f+]4 ,sometimes x takes a good
 deal ( pati5ce & skill to cat* ! m     
agile ( ! little wat] animals4 ,glass   
tubes are sold 9 drug /ores = five or t5
 c5ts4  ,if y beg9 by exam9+ ! objects  
already spok5 (1 y w :ile look+ = ^! be 
cont9ually discov]+ = y\rselves new     
objects possess+ new beauties & w soon  
see t n half ! int]e/+ ?+s y c f9d h be5

 ev] h9t$ at4  ,! way to f9d out ab\t   
all ^! ?+s is to g out into ! fields &  
woods1 & =m ! habit ( obs]v+ closely :at
 is ar\nd y4 ,c>ry y\r magnifi] along & 
look at ?is fl[]1 t f]n1 ?is insect1 t  
moss1 ) diff]5t p[]s ( ! magnifi]2 & :5 
y come across any objects wor?y ( a m   
c>eful exam9ation c>ry !m home & exam9e 
!m sy/ematically ) ,simple microscope1  
ne$les1 knife1 & s =?4 ,insects may be  
kept well 9 alcohol until w9t]1 & !n    
c>eful /udies may be made ( !m4  ,:5 us+
 ! magnifi] 9 ! field1 hold x 9 su* a   
way t ! smalle/ l5s w be ne>e/ ! object 
:5 ! l5ses are comb9$ & be c>eful n to  
%ade ! object ) ! h& or ! hat brim4 ,j  
en\gh light %\ld fall on ! object to    
make its exam9ation com=table = ! eyes4 
,if y re/ ! h& hold+ ! magnifi] on ! h& 
t holds ! object1 bo? l5s & object c be 
held mu* /eadi]4 ,:5 comm5c+ to exam9e  
an object x is be/ to h ! ?ree l5ses    
spread ap>t1 = 9 ?is way y c use fir/ ! 
l[e/ p[] !n ^? high] & f9ally1 if y wi% 
to1 ! ?ree l5ses comb9$4 ,! dissect+    

=ceps are v h&y to h 9 ! field1 bo? =   
pick+ up any?+ too small = ! f+]s & =   
hold+ an object to be exam9$4  ,a       
collection ( "s ( ^! little ?+s pres]v$ 
& ready = exam9ation adds greatly to !  
pleasures ( /udy+ !m4 ,( c\rse all !    
diff]5t k9ds ( objects _c be pres]v$ s z
 to %[ _! full beauty1 b _m c be & !    
foll[+ directions w tell h[ to make a v 
good collection3  ,se$s1 f]n-fruit1     
insects & o!r opaque objects l ^! may be
 m\nt$ on pa/ebo>d slides4 ,"o ( ^!     
slides consi/s simply ( a /\t piece (   
pa/ebo>d1 hav+ a hole cut 9 ! c5tre & a 
piece ( ?ick pap] or c>dbo>d glu$ on !  
"u side4 ,! object is atta*$ to !       
c>dbo>d at ! bottom ( ! hole4  ,x is be/
 to make a numb] ( ^! slides at a "t4   
,hav+ procur$ "s q ?ick pa/ebo>d1 f old 
pap] boxes1 rule l9es on ! surface      
divid+ x up into spaces ?ree in*es long 
by "o in* wide4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* space  
cut out a hole ab\t half an in* 9       
diamet]4 ,a %>p knife w make a neat     
squ>e hole or a good r\nd "o may be made

 ) a gun-wad pun*4 ,?is done1 ! spaces  
may be cut ap>t ) a %>p knife & rul]1   
along ! l9es already drawn4 ,pieces (   
c>dbo>d = ! backs %\ld be cut a trifle  
l>g] ?an ! pa/ebo>d portion ( ! slide2  
aft] !y are glu$ onto ! latt] !y may be 
trimm$ d[n neatly ) a pair ( scissors4  
,glue or mucilage conta9+ glyc]9e 79 !  
proportion ( "o or two teaspoonfuls to  
an ord9>y bottle ( mucilage7 is ! be/ ?+
 to use = /ick+ on ! backs4 ,:ile !     
slides are dry+ !y %\ld be ei!r "u a    
weight or 9 a clamp screw$ up tightly1 s
 z to prev5t _! twi/+ out ( %ape4 ,!    
mucilage may be prev5t$ f be+ squeez$ 9 
r\nd ! edges ( ! hole1 by tak+ c>e :5   
putt+ x on n to h x come too ne> ! hole4
 ,"o or two coats ( ,india ,ink may be  
pa9t$ on ! middle ( "s ( ! pieces (     
c>dbo>d1 ei!r be=e or aft] !y are put   
onto ! slides2 & ?us a black backgr\nd  
may be obta9$ = ! light]-color$ opaque  
objects4 ,_m ( ! objects w h[ev] %[ be/ 
on a :ite backgr\nd4  ,:5 y h ! slides  
all made1 no?+ m is ne$$ to m\nt an     

object1 ?an simply to atta* x to !      
bottom ( ! hole ) a little mucilage &   
glyc]9e1 or some?+ ( t sort1 & f9ally to
 write ! "n ( ! object on ! front "p ( !
 slide1 & on ! back any desirable notes4
 ,a good way to m\nt su* objects z f9e  
se$s is to put !m 9 ! hole loosely & !n 
cov] !m ) a piece ( mica su* z w be     
spok5 ( pres5tly4  ,objects :i* are to  
be exam9$ by ! light %9+ ?r\gh !m1 =    
example a bee's w+ or a butt]fly's      
scales1 mu/ be m\nt$ on glass slides4   
,a glass slide ?ree in*es by "o is tak51
 on ! c5tre is plac$ ! object2 ov] ?is  
is laid a ?9 piece ( cle> mica ?ree     
f\r?s ( an in* squ>e1 & ?is is atta*$ to
 ! glass by pa/+ n>r[ /rips ( tissue    
pap] ar\nd ! edges ( ! cov]1 p>tly on ! 
cov] & p>tly on ! slide4 ,f9ally ! slide
 is cov]$ ) "s pretty color$ pap] &     
label$4  ,two pieces ( pap] are ne$$ to 
cov] ea* slide4 ,"o = ! "u "p is cut    
ab\t "o & "o half by ?ree & "o half     
in*es1 ) a hole 9 ! c5tre 7r\nd or      
squ>e74 ,?is piece is fir/ pa/$ on1 !   

corn]s be+ cut & ! edges br\ght ov] onto
 ! front4 ,! upp] piece1 :i* has a hole 
9 ! c5tre simil> to t 9 ! l[] piece1 &  
is cut a trifle l>g] ?an ! ?ree by "o   
in* slide1 is next pa/$ on s t ! hole w 
correspond ) ! "o bel[4 ,! upp] piece ( 
pap] is n[ trimm$ d[n to ! slide & !    
label atta*$4 ,w9d[ glass w answ] = !   
slides & y c get any glazi] to cut up a 
piece = y into ! "r-siz$ slips4 ,mica c 
be b\ght at a /ove /ore1 9 %eets :i* may
 be cut up into ?ree f\r?s ( an in*     
squ>es ) a pair ( scissors4 ,! mica %\ld
 be z cle> z y c get x4 ,y w f9d x h&y  
to h "s tissue pap] all mucilag$ l      
po/age /amps & cut up 9 /rips ! "r size 
ready to use4 ,! same may be said ( !   
color$ pap] cov]s & ! labels4  ,! du/   
may be exclud$ f ! uncov]$ opaque       
objects by keep+ ! m\nt$ slides 9 small 
gr\ps1 held toge!r by ela/ic b&s4 ,?is w
 also s]ve to classify !m s t all !     
insects w be toge!r1 all ! se$s1 & s on2
 & ! transp>5t slides may also be treat$
 9 ! same way4 ,:5 an ela/ic b& we>s    

out1 x is no great tr\ble to replace x4 
,9 work+ ) ! ,simple microscope !re is a
 f9e *ance to display +5uity1 n only 9  
mak+ ! in/rum5ts & m\nt+ ! objects b 9  
discov]+ new ?+s to look at & 9 see+ h[ 
mu* c be f\nd out ab\t ^? ?+s :i* are ! 
mo/ common4     ,,footnotes3  ,a ,9 ^!  
directions #a-a_/b 94 p[] means a l5s   
hav+   a focus ( #a-a_/b in*es2 #a_/b 94
 p[] means a l5s or comb9ation   ( l5ses
 hav+ a focus ( #a_/b in*2 & s on4 ,all 
! diff]5t   p[]s m5tion$ 9 ! directions 
may be obta9$ 9 ! small-siz$   #c-l5s1  
bell[s =m magnifi]1 ei!r by us+ ! l5ses 
s+ly or   comb9$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,!     
magnify+ p[] ( any s+le l5s or   simple 
comb9ation is easily f\nd by divid+ #aj1
 by ! focus 9   in*es4 ,?us ! magnify+  
p[] ( a #a_/b 94 l5s is f\nd 9 ?is      
way3 #aj_/a_/b  #ajx#b_/a #bj4 ,! l5s   
magnifies !re=e #bj diamet]s   i4 e4    
makes an object appe> tw5ty times z long
 & tw5ty times z   broad z x is4        
,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3   ,text 9      
italics is surr\nd$ ) und]scores3       

italics4  ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation h 
be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4  ,obvi\s        
typographical errors h be5 correct$ z   
foll[s3    ,page #h3 hundre? *ang$ to   
hundr$?   ,page #aa3 iu/rum5t *ang$ to  
in/rum5t   ,page #ae3 dif]5t *ang$ to   
diff]5t   ,page #ag3 he *ang$ to !      
,page #bj3 wil *ang$ to w   ,page #dd3  
or *ang$ to (   ,page #gb3 /aight5$     
*ang$ to /raight5$   ,page #hf3         
,,diffr5t *ang$ to ,,diff]5t   ,page    
#abe3 f\?s *ang$ to f\r?s