,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,sabba?  ,,is ,,x ,,(    
,,div9e ,,orig98  ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,remsburg 
,is ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba? ( div9e orig98 ,i
 propose to %[ t x is n--t !re is no m  
div9ity atta*$ to ,sunday ?an to any o!r
 day4 ,i propose to %[ t ! (t-repeat$   
claim t x sup]s$$ ! ,jewi% ,sabba? by   
div9e au?ority is false2 ,i propose to  
%[ t x 0 orig9ally a hea!n holiday1     
borr[$ f ! pagan _w--! v5]abile die     
solis a day once consecrat$ to ! orb (  
light1 b :i* has be5 obscur$ by ! ?ick  
cl\ds ( !ological gloom1 t 9 ! d>kness  
,sup]/ition's bats & owls may ! m easily
 secure _! prey2 ,i propose to %[ t ?is 
,puritanical in/itution1 ^: decrepit =m1
 support$ by ! crut*es ( /ate laws1 /ill
 l+]s 9 our mid/1 is "o ( ! mo/         
despicable frauds t a tyrannical        
prie/hood ev] impos$ ^u cr$ul\s         
humanity4 ,i propose to %[ t he :o deals
 9 pi\s cant ab\t ,sabba? desecration is
 a knave1 or else       ,mo/ ignorant ( 
:at he's mo/ assur$4  ,! te/imony t ,i  
br+ is n ! te/imony ( ! enemies (       

,*ri/ianity1 b ( its fri5ds--( its mo/  
le>n$1 mo/ loyal1 & mo/ honorable       
def5d]s4 ,my witnesses include ! great  
apo/le1 ,paul2 ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,*ri/ian 
fa!rs2 ! ,prote/ant re=m]s2 & _m m ( !  
*ur*'s greate/ s*ol>s & div9es4  ,,/4   
,,paul4  ,"o man e/eeme? "o day above   
ano!r3 ano!r e/eeme? e day alike4 ,let e
 man be fully p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d 7,rom4
 xiv1 #e74  ,let no man !re=e judge y 9 
meat1 or 9 dr9k1 or 9 respect ( a holy  
day1 or ( ! new moon1 or ( ! ,sabba?    
days 7,colossians ii4 #af74  ,,ju/9     
,,m>tyr4  ,y1 because y are idle = "o   
day1 suppose y are pi\s4444 ,our ,god is
 n pleas$ ) su* obs]vances 7,dialogues1 
*ap4 xii74  ,y see t ! heav5s are n     
idle1 nor d !y obs]ve ! ,sabba? 7,ibid1 
*ap1 xxiii74  ,,ir5,,u4  ,^! ?+s        
circumcision & ,sabba? obs]vance1 !re=e1
 :i* 7 giv5 = bondage1 & = a sign to !m1
 he ,*ri/ cancel$ by ! new cov5ant (    
lib]ty 7,aga9/ ,h]esies74  ,,t]tullian4 
,! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? is demon/rat$  
to h be5 tempor>y 7,answ] to ,jews74    

,by u ,*ri/ians1 to :om ,sabba?s are    
/range 7,on ,idolatry74  ,,eusebius4    
,!y ! patri>*s did n !re=e reg>d        
circumcision nor obs]ve ! ,sabba?1 nei!r
 d we 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,book    
,i41 *ap4 iv74  ,,/4 ,,cyril4  ,jesus   
,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ !e4 ,h5ce=? reject all 
obs]vance ( ,sabba?s 7,savage's ,sunday 
,obs]vance74  ,,/4 ,,epiphanius4  ,god  
reg>de? n outw>d cessation f works m ^u 
"o day ?an ano!r 7,taylor's ,works1     
,vol4 ,,xii74  ,,/4 ,,j]ome4  ,consid]$ 
9 a purely ,*ri/ian po9t ( view all days
 are alike 7,ne&]'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,vol4
 ,,iii474  ,z soon z !y c]ta9 dev\t     
,*ri/ian wom5 return$ home on ! ,"l's   
day1 !y sat d[n sev]ally to _! "w1 &    
made clo!s = !mselves & o!rs 7,heylyn's 
,hi/ory ( ! ,sabba?1 ,"p ,,ii41 *ap4    
iii74  ,,lu!r4  ,z reg>ds ! ,sabba?1 or 
,sunday1 !re is no necessity = keep+ x  
7,mi*elet's ,life ( ,lu!r1 ,book ,,iv41 
*ap4 ii74  ,paul & ! apo/les1 aft] !    
gospel began to be prea*$ & spread ov] !
 _w1 cle>ly releas$ ! p f ! obs]vance ( 

! ,sabba? 7,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 ,,iii41
 p4 #gc74  ,if any:]e ! day is made holy
 = ! m]e day's sake--if any:]e any "o   
sets up its obs]vance ^u a ,jewi%       
f\ndation--!n ,i ord] y to "w on x1 to  
dance on x1 to ride on x1 to fea/ on    
x--to d any?+ t %all reprove ?is        
encroa*m5t on ! ,*ri/ian _s ( lib]ty    
7,table ,talk74  ,,melanc?on4  ,!       
scripture all[s t ! obs]vance ( !       
,sabba? has n[ become void1 = x tea*es t
 ! ,mosaic c]emonies are n ne$ful aft] !
 revelation ( ! gospel 7,augsburg       
,confession74  ,! obs]vance nei!r ( !   
,sabba? nor ( any o!r day is necess>y   
7,ibid74  ,,buc]4  ,x is n only a       
sup]/ition1 b an apo/asy f ,*ri/1 to ?9k
 t work+ on ! ,"l's day1 9 itself       
consid]$1 is a s9ful ?+ 7,cox's ,sabba? 
,laws1 p4 #bhi74  ,,zw+le4  ,x is lawful
 on ! ,"l's day1 aft] div9e s]vice1 =   
any man to pursue 8 labors 7,ibid1 p4   
#bhg74  ,,beza4  ,no cessation ( "w on !
 ,"l's day is requir$ ( ,*ri/ians       
7,ibid1 p4 #bhf74  ,,erasmus4  ,x is    

meet1 !re=e1 t ! keep+ ( ! ,sabba? day  
give place to ! commodity & pr(it ( man 
7,p>aphrase on ,m>k74  ,,calv94  ,!     
,fa!rs frequ5tly call ! comm& = !       
,sabba? a %ad[y comm&m5t1 because x     
conta9s ! ext]nal obs]vance ( ! day1 :i*
 0 aboli%$ ) ! re/ ( ! figures at !     
adv5t ( ,*ri/4444 ,! same day :i* put an
 end to ! %ad[s admoni%es ,*ri/ians n to
 adh]e to a %ad[y c]emony 7,in/itutes1  
,book ,,ii41 *ap4 viii74 ,*ri/ians1     
!re=e1 %\ld h no?+ to d ) a sup]/iti\s  
obs]vance ( days 7,ibid74  ,,ar*bi%op   
,,cranm]4  ,! ,jews 7 comm&$ to keep !  
,sabba? day1 b we ,*ri/ians are n b\nd  
to su* comm&m5ts ( ,moses's law         
7,cranm]'s ,cate*ism74  ,,william       
,,tyndale4  ,we be lords ov] ! ,sabba?1 
& may yet *ange x into ,monday1 or into 
any o!r day z we see ne$1 or may make e 
t5? day holy 7,answ] to ,m1 ,book ,i41  
*ap4 xxv74  ,,john ,,fri?4  ,we are 9   
mann] z sup]/iti\s 9 ! ,sunday z !y !   
,jews are 9 ! ,saturday2 yea1 are we mu*
 madd]2 = ! ,jews h ! ^w = _! ,saturday1

 s9ce x is ! sev5? day1 & !y are comm&$ 
to keep ! sev5? day solemn2 & we h n !  
^w ( ,god = u1 b r aga9/ u1 = we keep n 
! sev5? day z ! ,jews d1 b ! fir/1 :i*  
is n comm&$ by ,god's law 7,decl>ation (
 ,baptism74  ,,col]idge4  ,! ,engli%    
,re=m]s took ! same view ( ! day z ,lu!r
 & ! e>ly *ur* 7,comm5ts on ,lu!r's     
,table ,talk74  ,,dr4 ,,hessey4  ,!     
,re=m]s 7 ne>ly unanim\s on ?is po9t4   
,sabbat>ianism ( e phase 0 expressly    
repudiat$ by ! *ief re=m]s 9 almo/ e    
c\ntry 7,bampton ,lectures74  ,,john    
,,milton4  ,! law ( ! ,sabba? be+ ?us   
repeal$1 t no p>ticul> day ( wor%ip has 
be5 appo9t$ 9 its place by div9e        
au?ority is evid5t 7,*ri/ian ,doctr9es1 
,book ,,ii41 *ap4 vii74  ,,grotius4  ,^!
 ?+s refute ^? :o suppose t ! fir/ day (
 ! week 0 sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! ,sabba?1
 = no m5tion is ev] made ( su* a ?+ by  
,*ri/ or 8 apo/les 7,annotations on     
,exodus74  ,,ar*bi%op ,,paley4  ,!      
obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? 0 n "o ( !        
articles enjo9$ by ! apo/les 7,moral    

,philosophy1 ,book ,v41 *ap4 vii74  ,!  
op9ion t ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les meant to     
reta9 ! duties ( ! ,jewi% ,sabba?1 %ift+
 only ! day f ! sev5? to ! fir/1 seems  
to prevail )\t suffici5t reasons        
7,ibid74 ,! re/+ on t day f our         
employm5ts1 long] ?an we are deta9$ f !m
 by att5dance ^u ^! assemblies1 is1 to  
,*ri/ians1 an ord9ance ( human          
in/itution 7,ibid74  ,,ar*bi%op         
,,:ately4  ,x is n m]ely t ! apo/les    
left u no comm& p]petuat+ ! obs]vance ( 
! ,sabba?1 & transf]r+ ! day f ! sev5?  
to ! fir/4444 ,!re is n ev5 any         
tradition ( _! hav+ made su* a *ange2   
nay1 m1 x is ev5 abundantly pla9 t !y   
made no su* *ange 7,notes on ,paul74    
,,j]emy ,,taylor4  ,! ,"l's day did n   
succe$ 9 ! place ( ! ,sabba?1 b !       
,sabba? 0 :olly abrogat$ 7,taylor's     
,works1 ,vol4 ,,xii74 ,! primitive      
,*ri/ians did all mann] ( works ^u !    
,"l's day1 ev5 9 times ( p]secution1 :5 
!y 7 ! /ricte/ obs]v]s ( all ! div9e    
comm&m5ts 7,ductor ,dubitantium1 ,book  

,,ii41 *ap4 ii74  ,,bi%op ,,:ite4  ,9   
,/4 ,j]ome's days1 & 9 ! v place :]e he 
0 resid+1 ! dev\te/ ,*ri/ians did       
ord9>ily "w ^u ! ,"l's day1 :5 ! s]vice 
( ! *ur* 0 end$ 7,dialogues on ! ,"l's  
,day1 p4 #bcf74  ,,bi%op ,,w>burton4  ,!
 obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? is no m a natural
 duty ?an circumcision 7,div9e          
,legation1 ,book ,,iv41 sec4 #f74       
,,william ,,p5n4  ,to call any day ( !  
week a ,*ri/ian ,sabba? is n ,*ri/ian1 b
 ,jewi% 7,p5n's ,works74  ,,canon       
,,b>ry4  ,! notion ( a =mal sub/itution1
 by apo/olic au?ority1 ( ! ,"l's day = !
 ,jewi% ,sabba?444 has no basis :atev] 9
 holy scripture or 9 ,*ri/ian antiquity 
7,lecture on ,sabba?74  ,,rev4 ,,james  
,,freeman ,,cl>ke4  ,s*ol>s are n[      
g5]ally agre$ t ! ,sabba? obligation 0 n
 transf]r$ by ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les to !   
fir/ day2 t !re is n 9 ! ,*ri/ian       
scriptures ,new ,te/am5t a s+le comm& to
 keep ! ,sabba? 9 any =m or on any day  
7,nor? ,am]ican ,review74  ,,&rews4  ,! 
fe/ival ( ,sunday is m anci5t ?an !     

,*ri/ian religion1 its orig9 be+ lo/ 9  
remote antiquity4 ,x did n orig9ate1    
h[ev]1 f any div9e comm& nor f piety    
t[>d ,god2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 set ap>t z 
a sacr$ day by ! hea!n _w 9 honor ( _!  
*ief god1 ! sun 7,hi/ory ( ! ,sabba?1 p4
 #beh74  ,,v]/egan4  ,unto ! day d$icat$
 unto ! especial adoration ( ! idol ( ! 
sun1 !y ! pagans gave ! "n ( ,sunday1 z 
mu* z to say ! sun's day or ! day ( !   
sun4 ,?is idol 0 plac$ 9 a temple1 & !re
 ador$ & sacrific$ unto 7,antiquities1  
p4 #fh74  ,,mor]4  ,sunday be+ ! day on 
:i* ! g5tiles solemnly ador$ t planet1 &
 call$ x ,sunday1444 ! ,*ri/ians ?\ght  
fit to keep ! same day & ! same "n ( x1 
t !y might n appe> causelessly peevi%1 &
 by t means h9d] ! conv]sion ( ! g5tiles
 7,dialogues on ! ,"l's ,day1 p4 #bb74  
,,dean ,,milman4  ,! day ( ! sun w\ld be
 will+ly hall[$ by almo/ all ( ! pagan  
_w 7,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,book ,,iii41
 *ap4 iv74  ,,domville4  ,c5turies ( !  
,*ri/ian era pass$ away be=e ! ,sunday 0
 obs]v$ by ! ,*ri/ian *ur* z a ,sabba?4 

,hi/ory does n furni% u ) a s+le pro( or
 indication t x 0 at any "t s obs]v$    
previ\s to ! ,sabbatical edict (        
,con/ant9e 9 a4d4 #cba 7,six ,texts1 p4 
#bda74  ,n any ecclesia/ical writ] ( !  
fir/ ?ree c5turies attribut$ ! orig9 (  
,sunday obs]vance ei!r to ,*ri/ or to 8 
apo/les 7,six ,texts1 supplem5t74       
,,kitto4  ,?\gh 9 lat] times we f9d     
consid]able ref]5ce to a sort (         
consecration ( ! day ,sunday1 x does n  
seem at any p]iod ( ! anci5t *ur* to h  
assum$ ! =m ( su* an obs]vance z "s     
mod]n religi\s communities h cont5d$ =4 
,nor d ^! writ]s 9 any in/ance pret5d to
 allege any div9e comm&1 or ev5 apo/olic
 practice1 9 support ( x 7,cyclop$ia (  
,biblical ,lit]ature1 ,art4 ,"l's ,day74
  ,,cox4  ,!re is no evid5ce1 h[ev]1 t  
ei!r at ?is1 or at a p]iod mu* lat]1 !  
obs]vance 0 view$ z d]iv+ any obligation
 f ! ,f\r? ,comm&m5t2 x seems to h be5  
reg>d$ z an in/itution correspond+ 9    
nature ) ,*ri/mas1 ,good ,friday1 & o!r 
fe/ivals ( ! *ur* 7,sabba? ,laws1 p4    

#bha74  ,,ne&]4  ,! fe/ival ( ,sunday1 l
 all o!r fe/ivals1 0 always only a human
 ord9ance 7,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,rose's       
translation1 p4 #ahf74  ,,dr4           
,,h5g/5b]g4  ,! op9ion t ! ,sabba? 0    
transf]r$ to ,sunday 0 fir/ broa*$ 9 its
 p]fect =m1 & ) all its consequ5ces1 9 !
 controv]sy :i* 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,engl&     
betwe5 ! ,episcopalians & ,presbyt]ians 
ab\t ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!     
,presbyt]ians 7 n[ 9 a position :i*     
compell$ !m ei!r to give up ! obs]vance 
( ! ,sunday1 or to ma9ta9 t a div9e     
appo9tm5t f ,god sep>at$ x f ! o!r      
fe/ivals4 ,! fir/ !y c\ld n d4444 ,!y   
!re=e decid$ ^u ! latt] 7,"l's ,day1 p4 
#ff74  ,,dr4 ,,heylyn4  ,! bre?r5 _h    
tri$ _m ways to suppress !m *ur*        
fe/ivals =m]ly1 z hav+ too mu* 9 !m ( ! 
sup]/itions ( ! *ur* ( ,rome1 b !y _h   
f\nd no way successful till !y fell on  
?is1 :i* 0 to set on foot "s new ,sabba?
 doctr9e1 &1 by advanc+ ! au?ority ( !  
,"l's-day ,sabba?1 to cry d[n ! re/     
7,hi/ory ( ! ,sabba?74 ,?\gh ,jewi% &   

,rabb9ical ?is doctr9e 01 x c>ri$ a fair
 %[ ( piety1 at ! lea/1 9 ! op9ion ( !  
common p1 & su* z did n /& to exam9e !  
true gr\nds !re(1 b took x ^u !         
appe>ance2 su* z did judge1 n by !      
workman%ip ( ! /uff1 b ! gloss & color1 
9 :i* x is n /range to see h[ sudd5ly m5
 7 induc$1 n only to give way unto x1 b 
)\t m ado to abet ! same1 till 9 ! end1 
& 9 v little "t1 x grew ! mo/ bewit*+   
error & mo/ popul> infatuation t ev] 0  
infus$ into ! p ( ,engl& 7,ibid74       
,,rev4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,waggon]4  ,read y\r    
,bible ?r\gh a hundr$ times ) ref]5ce to
 ?is subject1 & y w ea* "t become m & m 
conv9c$ ( ! tru?fulness ( ! foll[+      
notable facts3 #a4 ,!re is no div9e     
comm& = ,sunday obs]vance4 #b4 ,!re is n
 ! lea/ h9t ( a ,sunday in/itution4 #c4 
,*ri/ nev] *ang$ ,god's ,sabba? to      
,sunday4 #d4 ,he nev] obs]v$ ,sunday z !
 ,sabba?4 #e4 ,! apo/les nev] kept      
,sunday = ! ,sabba?4 #f4 ,!re is no     
prophecy t ,sunday w\ld ev] take ! place
 ( ! ,sabba?4 #g4 ,nei!r ,god1 ,*ri/1   

angels1 nor inspir$ m5 h ev] said "o ^w 
9 favor ( ,sunday z a holy day 7,! ,tru?
 ,f\nd74  ,,c>d9al ,,gibbons4  ,read !  
,bible f ,g5esis to ,revelation1 & y w n
 f9d a s+le l9e au?oriz+ !              
sanctification ( ,sunday z a ,sabba?    
7,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs74  ,,alex&]        
,,campbell4  ,!re is no precept or comm&
 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t to compel by civil   
law any man :o is n a ,*ri/ian to pay   
reg>d to ! ,"l's day4 ,x is )\t au?ority
 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,i write ?is f  
pr9ciple4 ,i h b "o object 9 view--!    
suppression ( an anti-rational1         
anti-con/itutional1 & anti-scriptural   
conf$]ation1 t ,i consci5ti\sly believe 
to be dang]\s to ! community1 & inimical
 to civil & religi\s lib]ty2 & :ile ,i  
am able to wield p51 ,i w oppose e su*  
encroa*m5t on human "r99 7,wa%+ton1     
,pa41 ,report]1 #ahba74       ,/4       
,patrlck's   ,ca!dral1   ,new   ,york4  
,valu$  at      #hjj1jjj4    ,n  ,tax$4 
,,presid5t ,,g>field  9 ,congress1 ,june
 #bb1 #ahgd1 said3 ,! divorce betwe5 !  

*ur* & ! /ate ought to be absolute4 ,x  
ought to be s absolute t no *ur*        
prop]ty1 any:]e 9 any /ate1 or 9 !      
nation1 %\ld be exempt$ f equal         
taxation2 = if y exempt ! prop]ty ( any 
*ur* organization1 to t ext5t y impose a
 *ur* tax ^u ! :ole community4  ,! c5sus
 ( #ahij gave ! ,unit$ ,/ates *ur*      
prop]ty wor? #fgi1dbf1dhi4 ,! #aijf     
c5sus %[$ #a1beg1ege1hfg4 ,! value _h   
ne>ly d\bl$ 9 #af ye>s4 ,al?\gh *ur*    
prop]ty d\bles 9 #af ye>s1 *ur* memb]%ip
 w\ld n d\ble 9' #gj ye>s1 = !          
#cf1jjj1jjj memb]s 9 #aiaa ga9$ b a half
 million 9 #aiab4 ,*ur* progress1 !n1 is
 n c\nt$ 9 conv]ts1 b 9 doll>s          
accumulat$ ?r\gh an exemption :i* 9 ,new
 ,york equals ! co/ ( c>+ = all ! city's
 poor4  ,,presid5t ,,grant  9 8 annual  
message ( #ahge said3 ,9 a gr[+ c\ntry1 
:]e real e/ate enhances s rapidly ) "t z
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re is sc>cely a    
limit to ! weal? t may be acquir$ by    
corporations1 religi\s or o!rwise1 if   
all[$ to reta9 real e/ate )\t taxation4 

,! contemplation ( s va/ a prop]ty z "h 
allud$ to1 )\t taxation1 may lead to    
seque/ration )\t con/itutional au?ority1
 & ?r\gh blood4 ,i w\ld sugge/ !        
taxation ( all prop]ty equally4