,,transcrib] ,,notes3      ,words 9 bold
 9 ! orig9al are bracket$ 9 equal signs 
774      ,words 9 italics 9 ! orig9al   
are bracket$ by und]scores     774      
,! tables h be5 modifi$ to fit by creat+
 a key =     ! fir/ column4 ,! key      
prec$es ! tables4      ,footnotes h be5 
mov$ clos] to ! ref]5ce4                
,additional notes c be f\nd at ! end ( !
 text4       ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois  
,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation         
,,bullet9 ,,no4 #adc     ,,economy ,,(  
,,! ,,r\nd   ,,dairy ,,b>n     ,,by     
,,wilb] ,j4 ,,fras]     ,illu/ration    
,,urbana1 ,,ill9ois1 ,,febru>y1 #aiaj   
,,summ>y ,,( ,,bullet9 ,,no4 #adc       
#a4 ,r\nd b>ns w\ld be m g5]ally built  
if _!        advantages 7 kn[n & if !   
few :i* h be5        erect$ _h be5      
rightly con/ruct$4                      
,page  #a4      #b4 ,! r\nd dairy b>n   
(f]s great] conv5i5ce 9        /or+1    
h&l+ & di/ribut+ ! fe$4                 
,page  #e4      #c4 ,9 ! circul>        
con/ruction1 mu* great] /r5g? is        

secur$ ) less lumb]4                    
,page  #f4      #d4 ,! mat]ial =        
rectangul> b>ns co/s f #cd to #eh       
p]c5t m ?an = r\nd b>ns ( ! same area & 
capacity4                               
,page  #g4      #e4 ,r\nd & rectangul>  
b>ns comp>$4                    ,page   
#aa4      #f4 ,r\nd & rectangul> b>ns1  
includ+ silos1 comp>$4  ,page #ac4      
#g4 ,detail$ acc\nt1 ) illu/rations %[+ 
h[ !        r\nd b>n at ! ,univ]sity 0  
built4                  ,page #ag4      
#h4 ,itemiz$ /atem5t ( co/ ( a #fj-;foot
 r\nd b>n4      ,page #bi4      #i4     
,brief descriptions ) illu/rations &    
plans (        sev]al r\nd dairy b>ns 9 
actual use4                 ,page #ca4  
#aj4 ,conclusions4 ,! advantages ( !    
r\nd dairy b>n        are conv5i5ce1    
/r5g? & *eapness4                 ,page 
#dd4     ,,economy ,,( ,,! ,,r\nd       
,,dairy ,,b>n  ,,full ,,specifications  
,,& ,,detail$ ,,co/ ,,& ,,con/ruction   
,,( ,,! ,,new ,,sixty-,,foot ,,circul>  
,,dairy ,,b>n ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity4     

,,sav+ ,,( ,,r\nd ,,ov] ,,rectangul>    
,,b>ns4 ,,notes ,,on ,,sev]al ,,r\nd    
,,b>ns ,,on ,,dairy ,,f>ms4,a      ,a   
,special ackn[l$gm5t is made to ,mr4 ,h4
 ,e4 ,cr\* &     ,mr4 ,r4 ,e4 ,br& = _! 
assi/ance 9 work+ out !     detail$ data
 :i* are ! bases = ! economic           
comp>isons ( ! r\nd & rectangul> b>ns   
made 9 ?is     bullet94  ,,by ,w4 ,j4   
,,fras]1 ,,*ief ,,9 ,,dairy ,,husb&ry   
,! plann+1 con/ruction1 & arrangem5t (  
f>m build+s     d n usually receive !   
?\ght & /udy ^! subjects     w>rant4 ,h[
 _m dairym5 h comp>$ a circul>1 #dj-;c[ 
b>n ) ! common rectangul> build+ conta9+
 ! same     area8 ,h[ _m und]/& t !     
circul> /ructure is mu*     ! /rong]2 t 
! rectangul> =m requires #bb p]c5t     m
 wall & f\ndation to enclose ! same     
space2 & t     ! co/ ( mat]ial is f #cd 
to #eh p]c5t m = !     rectangul>       
build+8   ,9 a community 9 :i* ev]yone  
is engag$ 9 ! same occupation1 "o p]son 
is likely to copy f 8 neighbor )\t      
app>5tly giv+ a ?\ght z to :e!r or n !re

 is a bett] way4  ,9 a di/rict ( ,kane  
c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 a c]ta9 type ( dairy   
b>n is us$ by ne>ly ev]yone1 :ile 9 !   
next c\nty a di/9ctly diff]5t type      
prevails1 & ! dairy b>ns ( ano!r adjac5t
 c\nty diff] f ^? ( ei!r ( ! =m]1 simply
 because ! e>ly settl]s ( ?is p>ticul>  
locality came f an ea/]n /ate & />t$    
build+ ! /yle ( b>n !n common 9         
,p5nsylvania4  ,9 a c]ta9 community 9   
,ohio :]e a milk cond5s+ factory is     
locat$1 a l>ge numb] ( f>m]s h b>ns #cf 
x #fj feet1 ) an ,l ! same size4 ,! l(t 
( ! ,l is us$ = ! /orage ( /raw1 & ! c[s
 run loose 9 ! l[] portion4 ,^! b>ns are
 all built on practically ! same plan & 
are usually ( ! same size1 & ?is is !   
only community kn[n to ! writ] :]e ?is  
=m ( b>n is us$ 9 ?is mann]4  ,?is      
t5d5cy to imitate emphasizes ! fact t m5
 d n ex]cise suffici5t orig9ality4      
,because mo/ b>ns are rectangul> is no  
reason t ?is is ! be/ & mo/ economical  
=m4     ,,:y ,,m ,,r\nd ,,b>ns ,,are ,,n
 ,,built   ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4     

,,b>n ,,no4 #e4 #ajj ,,feet ,,9         
,,diamet]1 ,,scale #bj ,,feet ,,to ,,"o 
,,in*2 ,,%[+ ,,increas$ ,,m[ ,,capacity 
,,giv5 ,,by ,,self-,,support+ ,,ro(4  ,9
 an e>ly day :5 lumb] 0 *eap1 build+s 7 
built ( logs1 or at lea/ _h heavy       
frames4 ,"u ^! conditions1 ! rectangul> 
b>n 0 ! "o naturally us$1 & p h foll[$ 9
 ! foot/eps ( _! =efa!rs 9 cont9u+ ?is  
=m ( b>n4 ,! result is t ! economy &    
advantages ( ! r\nd b>n h app>5tly nev] 
be5 consid]$4 ,?is is because !y are n  
obvi\s at fir/ sight1 & become fully    
app>5t only aft] a detail$ /udy ( !     
con/ruction4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! rectangul>
 =m /ill cont9ues to be built1 al?o x   
requires mu* m lumb]4 ,z ! price ( lumb]
 has advanc$ s mat]ially 9 rec5t ye>s1 !
 possible sav+ 9 ?is mat]ial is a l>ge  
item1 & well wor? inve/igat+4  ,!       
objections to r\nd b>ns h usually be5   
made by ^? :o h only a sup]ficial k ( ! 
subject1 & d n really und]/& ! relative 
m]its ( ! two =ms4 ,to ! writ]'s k1 !re 
has nev] be5 publi%$ a c>efully figur$  

out1 detail$ comp>ison ( a prop]ly      
con/ruct$ circul> b>n ) ! rectangul>    
b>n4  ,! difficulty ) mo/ r\nd b>ns t h 
be5 built1 ?us f>1 is t !y d n h a      
self-support+ ro(1 & consequ5tly lose _m
 ( ! advantages ( a prop]ly con/ruct$   
r\nd b>n4 ,?is is ! pr9cipal reason :y  
r\nd b>ns h n become m popul>4 ,a       
/raight ro( necess>ily requires _m      
supports 9 ! b>n bel[4 ,^! are bo? co/ly
 & inconv5i5t1 & make ! ro( no /rong]   
?an a dome-%ap$1 self-support+ ro( :i*  
ne>ly d\bles ! capacity ( ! m[4 ,see    
,fig4 7#a74  ,_m :o h ?us disreg>d$     
capacity h also wa/$ lumb] & made a     
ne$less am\nt ( "w by *opp+ or hew+ out 
! sill & plate1 ?us requir+ m labor &   
lumb]1 besides sacrific+ ! great] /r5g? 
( a built-up sill4 ,rightly con/ruct$   
r\nd b>ns are1 h[ev]1 be+ built to a    
limit$ ext5t4 ,"o contractor has erect$ 
tw5ty-f\r r\nd b>ns1 ) self-support+    
ro(s1 9 ! la/ n9e ye>s4 ,^! b>ns v>y 9  
size f #dj feet 9 diamet] ) #ah-;foot   
po/s to #ajb feet 9 diamet] ) #cj-;foot 

po/s4  ,ano!r reason = ! sc>city ( r\nd 
b>ns is ! difficulty 9 gett+ !m built4  
,mo/ c>p5t]s hesitate to und]take ! "w  
because 9 ! erection ( a r\nd b>n !     
con/ruction %\ld be entirely diff]5t f t
 ( ! rectangul> =m4 ,_m new problems    
pres5t !mselves1 b :5 ^! are once       
und]/ood1 ! r\nd b>n (f]s no m          
difficulties 9 con/ruction ?an !        
rectangul> =m4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 important  
to h a head c>p5t] :o is accu/om$ to    
putt+ up r\nd b>ns1 z a man ) +5uity &  
exp]i5ce c take advantage ( _m          
opportunities to save labor & mat]ial4  
,,k9d ,,( ,,b>n ,,ne$$  ,! fir/ ?+ to   
consid] 9 ! erection ( a b>n is a       
conv5i5t arrangem5t = ! purpose = :i* x 
is to be us$4 ,at ! ,univ]sity (        
,ill9ois1 two ye>s ago1 a tw5ty-acre    
demon/ration dairy f>m 0 />t$1 ! sole   
object be+ to produce ! l>ge/ am\nt (   
milk p] acre at ! lea/ possible co/4 ,to
 meet ! requirem5ts ( a b>n = ?is       
purpose1 x became imp]ative to build "o 
t 0 conv5i5t = fe$+ & c>+ = ! c[s1      

economical ( con/ruction1 & conta9+ a   
l>ge /orage capacity 9 bo? silo & m[4   
,^! are ! requirem5ts ( a b>n = e       
practical dairyman4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #b4 ,,fill+ ,,! ,,silo4  ,a silo 
0 ne$$ t c\ld be f$ f ! ye> r\nd4 ,) !  
small numb] ( c[s kept1 a deep en\gh    
lay] ( silage c\ld n be f$ (f ea* day to
 keep x good ?ru ! summ]1 if ! silo 0 m 
?an #ab feet 9 diamet]4 ,z ?is small    
diamet] 0 a necessity1 x w\ld require   
two silos #cc feet deep to supply en\gh 
silage4 ,two silos ( su* small diamet]  
w\ld n only be co/ly1 b difficult to    
make /&1 unless built ( concrete4 ,?is  
difficulty 0 ov]come by us+ ! circul>   
b>n & plac+ 9 ! c5t] a silo :i* is #ab  
feet 9 diamet] & #ed feet deep1 ?us mak+
 ! "o silo1 ) z mu* capacity z ! two    
be=e m5tion$1 answ] e purpose4 ,?is deep
 silo is an important "p ( ! r\nd b>n1 z
 x n only =ms a support = ! ro(1 b is   
protect$ by ! b>n1 ?us sav+ ! co/ (     
sid+4 ,!n1 too1 besides occupy+ ! space 
lea/ valuable = o!r purposes1 x be+     

c5trally locat$1 is 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t    
place = fe$+4 ,! silage *ute be+ op5 at 
! top =ms a suction ( air1 :i* keeps !  
silage odor f ! b>n at milk+ "t1 & also 
assi/s 9 v5tilation :5 ! door to ! *ute 
is op54     ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,r\nd 
,,b>n      ,! po9ts ( sup]iority t !    
r\nd dairy b>n %[s     ov] ! rectangul> 
=m are conv5i5ce1 /r5g?1 &     *eapness4
   ,,r\nd ,,b>n ,,mo/ ,,conv5i5t        
,consid]+ t ! b>n on a dairy f>m is us$ 
twice e day 9 ! ye>1 & t = six mon?s ea*
 ye> ! c[s occupy x almo/ cont9u\sly1 & 
t dur+ ?is "t a l>ge am\nt ( ! labor ( !
 f>m is done inside ! b>n1 x is evid5t t
 ! "q ( its conv5i5ce is a vital "o4 ,! 
am\nt ( "t & /r5g? wa/$ 9 useless labor 
9 poorly arrang$ build+s is appall+4 ,p 
d n /op to consid] ! sav+ 9 a ye> or a  
lifetime by hav+ ! b>n s conv5i5tly     
arrang$ t !re is a sav+ ( only a few    
seconds on ea* task t has to be done two
 or ?ree times e day4  ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #c4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,b>n1 ,,second 
,,floor1 ,,%[+ ,,silo ,,& ,,location ,,(

 ,,ensilage ,,cutt]4 7,,team ,,unhit*$  
,,to ,,%[ ,,cutt]47  ,! r\nd b>n has a  
special advantage 9 ! "w ( di/ribut+    
silage to ! c[s4 ,! fe$+ comm5ces at !  
*ute :]e x is ?r[n d[n1 & is cont9u$    
ar\nd ! circle1 end+ ) ! silage c>t at !
 *ute aga91 ready = ! next fe$+4 ,! same
 ?+ is true 9 fe$+ hay & gra94  ,/ill   
ano!r great advantage is ! l>ge         
unob/ruct$ hay m[4 ,) ! self-support+   
ro(1 !re are no timb]s :atev] ob/ruct+ !
 m[1 :i* means no dragg+ ( hay ar\nd    
po/s or ov] gird]s4 ,! hay c>ri] runs on
 a circul> track ar\nd ! m[1 midway     
betwe5 ! silo & ! outside wall1 & drops 
! hay at any desir$ po9t1 ?us 9 no case 
does ! hay h to be mov$ b a few feet1   
:i* means a sav+ ( mu* labor 9 ! m[+4   
,to successfully embody all ( ! above   
discuss$ advantages 9 a dairy b>n is "o 
( ! l>ge problems 9 milk production4 ,9 
a c>eful /udy ( ! b>n "q x soon became  
app>5t t x 0 impossible to embody all ( 
! requirem5ts advantage\sly 9 any?+ b a 
circul> =m ( build+1 & ! #fj-;foot r\nd 

b>n1 :i* is "h describ$1 0 built4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,s\? ,,view1  
,,%[+ ,,well ,,light$ ,,/able4          
,,circul> ,,con/ruction ,,! ,,/ronge/   
,! circul> con/ruction is ! /ronge/1    
because x takes advantage ( ! l9eal1    
in/ead ( ! break+ /r5g? ( ! lumb]4 ,ea* 
r[ ( bo>ds runn+ ar\nd ! b>n =ms a hoop 
t holds ! b>n toge!r4 ,a b>rel1 prop]ly 
hoop$ & head$1 is almo/ inde/ructible1 &
 mu* /rong] ?an a box1 al?o ! hoops are 
small4 ,?is /r5g? is because ! /ress    
comes on ! hoops 9 a l9eal direction4   
,any piece ( timb] is _m times /rong] on
 a l9eal pull ?an on a break+ /ress4    
,take = example a ,no4 #a yell[ p9e #b x
 #f1 #af feet long1 ) an actual cross   
section ( #a-e_/h x #e-e_/h in*es4 ,if  
plac$ on edge & support$ at ! ends1 z a 
joi/1 ! limit ( safety = a load ev5ly   
di/ribut$ is #fdb p\nds1 :ile ! limit ( 
safety = a load 9 ! l9eal direction ( ! 
same piece ( timb] is #ab1hjj p\nds1 or 
tw5ty times z great4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #e4 ,,9 ,,c[ ,,/able1 ,,%[+      

,,silo ,,& ,,fe$ ,,alley ,,9 ,,c5t] ,,( 
,,b>n2 ,,/an*ions ,,on ,,"r1 ,,milk     
,,scales ,,& ,,record ,,%eet ,,on       
,,left4  ,all expos$ surfaces ( a r\nd  
b>n are circul>1 z bo? ! sides & ro( are
 ar*$1 :i* is ! /ronge/ =m ( con/ruction
 to resi/ w9d pressure2 besides1 ! w9d1 
9 /rik+ x1 glances (f & c get no direct 
hold on ! walls or ro(1 z x c on ! flat 
sides or gable ends ( a rectangul>      
/ructure4 ,if ! lumb] is prop]ly plac$ 9
 a r\nd b>n1 mu* ( x w p]=m two or m    
functions4 ,e r[ ( sid+ bo>ds runn+     
ar\nd ! build+ s]ves also z a brace1 & !
 same is true ( ! ro( bo>ds & ! ar*$    
raft]s4 ,if ! sid+ is put on v]tically &
 ! ro( built dome-%ap$1 no scaffold+ is 
requir$ inside or out4 ,^! are po9ts (  
economy 9 ! r\nd con/ruction4           
,,rectangul> ,,b>ns ,,require #cd ,,to  
#eh ,,p]c5t ,,m ,,mat]ial  ,9 ord] to   
comp>e ! am\nt & co/ ( mat]ial 9 r\nd & 
rectangul> b>ns1 ! foll[+ figures h be5 
c>efully work$ out by an exp]t b>n      
build]4 ,two comp>isons1 bas$ on wood   

con/ruction ?ru\t1 are made1 9 :i* r\nd 
b>ns #fj feet & #ij feet 9 diamet] are  
comp>$ ) bo? plank & mortise frame      
rectangul> b>ns conta9+ ! same numb] (  
squ>e feet ( floor space1 respectively4 
,s9ce ! mo/ practical wid? ( a          
rectangul> dairy b>n is #cf feet1 its   
l5g? w dep5d ^u ! numb] ( squ>e feet    
requir$ 9 ! b>n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#f4 ,,%[+ ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,mortise   
,,frame ,,b>n1 ,,end ,,view4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,%[+          
,,con/ruction ,,( ,,plank ,,frame ,,b>n1
 ,,side ,,view4  ,figures #f to #i are  
side & end views1 %[+ ! detail          
con/ruction & size ( ! timb]s ( ! plank 
frame & mortise frame b>ns "h figur$4 ,!
 detail$ figures ( ! lumb] bills = ea* (
 ^! b>ns 7 c>efully work$ out1 b are too
 volum9\s = publication "h4 ,! total    
numb] ( feet ( ea* k9d ( lumb] requir$  
is giv5 9 ,tables #a;,a & #a;,b4 ,s9ce !
 proportion ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( lumb] &  
%+les v>i$ = ! diff]5t b>ns1 to draw an 
exact comp>ison x 0 necess>y to base x  

^u ! money value1 & = ?is purpose !     
total co/ ( lumb] has be5 figur$ 9 ea*  
case4 ,! lumb] values us$ ?ru\t are !   
be/ av]age prices t c\ld be obta9$4 ,z !
 same prices are us$ = ! mat]ial ( all !
 b>ns1 ! comp>isons ( co/ are correct1  
al?o ^! exact prices w n hold = all     
localities & all times4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #h4 ,,%[+ ,,con/ruction ,,(      
,,plank ,,frame ,,b>n1 ,,end ,,view4    
,s9ce a silo _c be economically built   
inside ( a rectangul> b>n1 ! fir/       
comp>ison is made ) ! b>ns simply       
enclos$1 al?o "o ( ! *ief advantages ( a
 r\nd b>n is ! deep silo :i* x is       
possible to build s economically 9 !    
c5t]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,%[+   
,,con/ruction ,,( ,,mortise ,,frame     
,,b>n1 ,,side ,,view4  ,ano!r item (    
economy 9 ! circul> b>n is less fram+   
lumb]4 ,?is =m has ! /ronge/ possible   
con/ruction ) ! lea/ lumb] 9 ! frame1 & 
! lea/ brac+1 n a s+le timb] l>g] ?an a 
#b x #f be+ requir$ above ! sill4 ,!    
ar*$ circul> ro( requires no supports1 &

 no scaffold+ is ne$$ inside dur+ its   
con/ruction4  ,! accompany+ tables %[ ! 
comp>ative am\nt & value ( lumb] &      
cubical cont5t 9 r\nd b>ns #fj & #ij    
feet 9 diamet]1 & rectangul> b>ns (     
equal area & height ( po/s4  ,,table    
#a;,a4--,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,co/ ,,(
 ,,mat]ial ,,9 ,,r\nd ,,& ,,rectangul>  
,,b>ns ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,area1 ,n        
,includ+ ,f\ndation ,& ,silos4    ,a3   
,fram+ lumb]1   ,b3 ,%ea?+1 sid+1 &     
floor+1   ,c3 ,%+les1   ,d3 ,bolts1     
,e3 ,total co/ ( lumb]1   ,f3 ,cont5t1  
cubic feet1                             
,rectangul> b>n1 #cf x #gh-a_/b ft4     
,r\nd b>n1                              
----------------------------------------
--      #fj feet 9 diamet]     ,plank   
frame         ,mortise frame            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,a  #ac1igf 
ft4  #be     #ai1hcc ft4  #be           
#bi1jgd ft4  #be                 #cdi4dj
             #die4hc             #gbf4he
   ,b  #ab1iga ft4  #bb     #ae1cee ft4 

#bb     #ae1cee ft4  #bb                
#bhe4cf              #ccg4ha            
#ccg4ha   ,c  #dd1jjj  #c4ge            
#de1jjj  #c4ge       #de1jjj  #c4ge     
#afe4jj              #afh4ge            
#afh4ge   ,d                            
#bj4hh                                  
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,e          
#gii4gf           #ajbc4bg              
#abcc4da      ,f  #aag1ffi              
#aag1ach            #aag1ach            
,,table #a;,b4    ,a3 ,fram+ lumb]1     
,b3 ,%ea?+1 sid+1 & floor+1   ,c3       
,%+les1   ,d3 ,bolts1   ,e3 ,total co/ (
 lumb]1   ,f3 ,cont5t1 cubic feet1      
,rectangul> b>n1 #cf x #agf-c_/d ft4    
,r\nd b>n1                              
----------------------------------------
--      #ij feet 9 diamet]     ,plank   
frame         ,mortise frame            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,a  #cj1hii 
ft4  #be     #ch1hae ft4  #be           
#ei1dha ft4 #be                 #ggb4dh 

#igj4ch             #adhg4jc   ,b       
#bb1cge ft4  #bb     #bh1edg ft4  #bb   
#bh1edg ft4  #bb                        
#dib4be              #fbh4jc            
#fbh4jc   ,c  #ig1jjj    #c4ge          
#ajb1jjj   #c4ge     #ajb1jjj   #c4ge   
#cfc4ge              #chb4ej            
#chb4ej   ,d                            
#bf4gf                                  
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,e          
#afbh4dh           #bjjg4fg             
#bdig4ef      ,f  #cbb1ieb              
#bgj1egj            #bgj1egj      ,,r\nd
 ,,& ,,rectangul> ,,b>ns ,,comp>$  ,9   
comp>+ ! #fj-;foot r\nd b>n ) a         
rectangul> b>n ( ! same area1 ! two b>ns
 %\ld af=d ! c[s ! same am\nt ( space on
 ! plat=m4 ,all[+ ea* c[ 9 ! #fj-;foot  
r\nd b>n #c feet #f in*es 9 wid? at !   
re> ( ! plat=m1 x w accommodate #dj c[s 
& leave space = two passage ways4 ,b 9 a
 rectangul> b>n1 only #c feet #d in*es (
 plat=m space ne$ be all[$ = ea* c[1 & !
 #gh-a_/b foot b>n1 ) two #c-;foot      

passage ways across x = conv5i5ce 9     
fe$+1 w accommodate #db c[s4 ,:ile !    
rectangul> b>n has /all room = two m    
c[s1 ! r\nd b>n conta9s space 9 ! c5t] =
 a silo #ah feet 9 diamet]4  ,! floor   
space & cubical cont5t ( ! r\nd b>n #fj 
feet 9 diamet]1 & ! rectangul> b>n      
comp>$ ) x 9 ^! tables1 are practically 
! same1 & ! b>ns are !re=e directly     
comp>able4 ,?is be+ true1 ! p]c5tages   
:i* 7 figur$ f ! complete bills (       
mat]ial = ^! b>ns %[ ! exact sav+ 9     
lumb] on ! #fj-;foot r\nd b>n ov] !     
plank & mortise frame rectangul> b>ns   
#cf x #gh-a_/b feet4 ,! lumb] bills ( ! 
rectangul> b>ns %[ an increase 9 co/ (  
#bh p]c5t = ! plank frame & #ed p]c5t = 
! mortise frame4 ,! r\nd b>n1 #fj feet 9
 diamet]1 conta9s #ahh-a_/b1 & !        
rectangul> b>n #bbe l9eal feet ( wall4  
,! rectangul> b>n has1 !re=e1 #bb p]c5t 
m l9eal feet ( outside b>n wall1 requir+
 a proportional increase 9 bo? pa9t &   
f\ndation4  ,! #agf-c_/d-;foot          
rectangul> b>n w\ld hold #ajj c[s1 all[+

 ea* c[ #c feet #d in*es 9 wid? &       
provid+ = #c passage ways ( #c feet ea* 
across ! b>n4  ,! #ij-;foot r\nd b>n    
w\ld hold #ajj c[s 9 two r[s head$      
toge!r1 #fe ( :i* w\ld be 9 ! out]      
circle1 & h #c feet #f in*es ea* 9 wid? 
at ! gutt]4 ,?is leaves suffici5t room =
 fe$ alleys & walks1 & two passage ways1
 "o ?ree feet & ! o!r sev5 feet wide = !
 manure & fe$ c>ri]s4 ,all ( ?is is     
outside ( a c5tral space = a silo #bj   
feet 9 diamet] & #ga feet high1 ) a     
capacity = #fbj tons ( silage1 & 9 ! m[ 
!re w\ld /ill be an excess1 above !     
capacity ( ! rectangul> b>n1 ( #cc1jjj  
cubic feet1 :i* w\ld hold #ff tons (    
hay1 or z mu* z ! entire m[ ( a b>n #cb 
x #cf feet ) #bj-;foot po/s4  ,,table   
#b;,a4--,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,co/ ,,(
 ,,mat]ial ,,9 ,,r\nd ,,& ,,rectangul>  
,,b>ns1 ,includ+ ,,f\ndation ,,&        
,,silos4                                
,r\nd b>n1  ,rectangul> b>n1            
#fj feet 9            #cf x #gh-a_/b ft4
                             diamet]    

----------------------------            
,plank frame  ,mortise frame            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,lumb] 9    
b>n1            #gii4gf     #ajbc4bg    
#abcc4da   ,mat]ial 9 f\ndation1        
#hf4hi       #aje4ij       #aje4ij      
,mat]ial 9 silo1           #aei4ja      
#bie4bf       #bie4bf                   
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,total co/ (
 mat]ial                                
9 b>n1               #ajde4ff   #adbd4dc
   #afcd4eg      ,actual money sav$1    
#cgh4gg    #ehh4ia                      
----------------------------------------
-------------------------               
,proportional co/1          #ajj        
#acf       #aef      ,,table #b;,b4     
,r\nd b>n1  ,rectangul> b>n1            
#ij feet 9            #cf x #agf-c_/d   
ft4                             diamet] 
----------------------------            
,plank frame  ,mortise frame            
----------------------------------------

-------------------------   ,lumb] 9    
b>n1           #afbh4dh     #bjjg4fg    
#bdig4ef   ,mat]ial 9 f\ndation1        
#acj4ce       #aif4hj       #aif4hj     
,mat]ial 9 silo1           #bfe4jj      
#eac4eb       #eac4eb                   
----------------------------------------
-------------------------   ,total co/ (
 mat]ial                                
9 b>n1               #bjbc4hc   #bgag4ii
   #cbjg4hh      ,actual money sav$1    
#fid4af   #aahd4je                      
----------------------------------------
-------------------------               
,proportional co/1          #ajj        
#acd       #aeh      ,! squ>e feet (    
floor space 9 ! r\nd b>n #ij feet 9     
diamet] & rectangul> b>n #cf x #agf-c_/d
 feet are ! same1 b ! cubical cont5t ( !
 =m] is m ?an t ( ! latt]4 ,! increase 9
 ! lumb] bill is #bc p]c5t 9 ! plank    
frame & #ec p]c5t 9 ! mortise frame b>n4
 ,! r\nd b>n #ij feet 9 diamet] conta9s 
#bhc & ! rectangul> b>n #dbf l9eal feet 
( wall4 ,! rectangul> b>n has1 !re=e1   

#ej p]c5t m l9eal feet ( outside b>n    
wall1 requir+ a proportional increase 9 
bo? pa9t & f\ndation4  ,! small] surface
 on ! outside wall ( ! r\nd b>n requires
 less pa9t & makes a proportional sav+ 9
 keep+ ! r\nd b>n pa9t$ 9 aft] ye>s4    
,,r\nd ,,& ,,rectangul> ,,b>ns1 ,includ+
 ,silos1 ,,comp>$  ,ow+ to ! fact t a   
silo is a necessity = ! mo/ economical  
production ( milk1 a b>n is n complete =
 a dairyman's purpose unless x includes 
a silo ) capacity to /ore suffici5t     
silage = ! h]d4 ,9 ! case ( ! r\nd b>n1 
! silo is mo/ economically built inside1
 b 9 ! rectangul> =m w\ld cause a wa/e (
 space1 & = t reason is be/ erect$      
outside4 ,!re=e1 9 comp>+ a r\nd dairy  
b>n ) a rectangul> dairy b>n1 silos %\ld
 be includ$4  ,9 figur+ ! co/ ( mat]ials
 9 ! silos = ! r\nd & rectangul> b>ns1 !
 capacity ne$$ 9 ea* case 0 det]m9$ 9 ! 
foll[+ mann]3 ,all[+ #dj p\nds ( silage 
p] c[ p] day = #g w9t] mon?s & #be p\nds
 p] c[ p] day = #c mon?s dur+ ! summ]1  
w\ld require = #dj c[s #bbj tons2 !n    

all[+ "o-eigh? = wa/e w\ld make ! silage
 requirem5t #bdh tons4 ,z ! silo 9 !    
r\nd b>n #fj feet 9 diamet] is #ec feet 
deep1 x w\ld ne$ to be only #af feet 9  
diamet] to hold #bej tons4 ,?is diamet] 
is suffici5tly small to all[ summ] fe$+ 
)\t wa/e4 ,to erect a silo outside ( a  
b>n1 ) suffici5t /ability to /& well1 ! 
height above gr\nd %\ld n be mu* m ?an  
twice ! diamet]1 & 9 ord] to avoid wa/e 
= summ] fe$+1 ! diamet] %\ld n be great]
 ?an #af feet = a h]d ( #dj c[s4 ,9 ord]
 t a deep en\gh lay] ( silage c be f$ (f
 ea* day dur+ ! summ] to avoid wa/e1 x  
is evid5t t to /ore #bej tons ( silage  
outside ! b>n1 two silos w\ld be        
requir$4 ,"o ( ^! %\ld be #af feet 9    
diamet] & #cf feet deep1 hold+ #aed     
tons1 & ! o!r #ac feet 9 diamet] & #cf  
feet deep1 hold+ #ajb tons1 mak+ a total
 silo capacity ( #bef tons4  ,z ! l>ge  
b>ns hold #ajj c[s1 ! same all[ance (   
silage p] c[ = ! season w\ld require    
silo capacity = #fbj tons4 ,z ! silo 9 !
 r\nd b>n #ij feet 9 diamet] w\ld be #ga

 feet deep1 x w\ld ne$ to be only #bj   
feet 9 diamet] to hold #fbj tons4 ,to   
/ore #fbj tons ( silage 9 silos built   
outside ! rectangul> b>n w\ld require   
two silos1 ea* #bj feet 9 diamet] & #dd 
feet deep4,b ,^! are ! sizes on :i* !   
figures = co/ ( silos ( ! ,gurl] type1  
giv5 9 ,tables #b;,a & #b;,b1 7 us$4    
,b ,s9ce ! deep] ! silo ! m firmly !    
silage     packs1 "o silo #ga feet deep 
w hold z mu* z two silos     ( ! same   
diamet] & #dd feet deep4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #aj4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,c[ ,,/able1 
,,%[+ ,,wat] ,,tr\gh ,,) ,,float        
,,valve1 ,,salt ,,box1 ,,& ,,door ,,into
 ,,dairy4  ,! table 7page #ab7 is ! f9al
 summ+ up ( ! co/ ( all ! mat]ial = !   
complet$ dairy b>ns1 ) silos1 & %[s a   
sav+ ( f #cd to #eh p]c5t 9 favor ( !   
r\nd b>n & silo1 or an actual money sav+
 9 ?is case ( f #cgi to #aahd1 dep5d+ ^u
 ! size & con/ruction ( ! b>ns4         
,?\ghtlessly1 m5 g on build+ rectangul> 
b>ns1 b :at w\ld ?is reckless disreg>d (
 a possible sav+ ( #cd to #eh p]c5t mean

 9 a ye>'s bus9ess on ! f>m8 ,"s        
illu/rations may help u to und]/& :at   
?is money sav$ 9 build+ a r\nd b>n      
really am\nts to1 & its conv5i5ce is    
also a great sav+4 ,if ! dairyman       
disc>d$ ! idea ( a rectangul> b>n &     
built a r\nd b>n in/ead1 he c\ld take ! 
money ?us sav$ & buy "o ( ! be/ pure-br$
 sires = 8 h]d1 & also ?ree to t5       
pure-br$ heif]s or f9e grade c[s4 ,ei!r 
( ^! pur*ases might d\ble ! pr(it ( !   
h]d4 ,or1 ?is sav+1 prop]ly appli$1 w\ld
 pur*ase _m labor-sav+ devices :i* w\ld 
make life less ( a drudg]y on _m dairy  
f>ms4 ,is n su* a sav+ wor? :ile8       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,c[ ,,com=t  
,,9 ,a ,,r\nd ,,b>n4  ,:5 ! comp>ative  
co/ & m]it ( two con/ructions are kn[n1 
x is a poor f9anci] :o w pay extra = !  
"o :i* is inf]ior4 ,if a man receiv$    
bids f contractors = a build+1 he w\ld  
be a fooli% man :o w\ld accept "o :i* is
 f #cd to #eh p]c5t high] ?an ! l[e/    
bidd]1 especially :5 he knew ! l[e/     
bidd] w\ld put up ! mo/ conv5i5t &      

sub/antial build+4     ,,disadvantages  
,,( ,,! ,,r\nd ,,dairy ,,b>n   ,!       
disadvantages ( ! r\nd dairy b>n are1 t 
x _c be enl>g$ by build+ on z readily z 
c ! rectangul> =m1 b z ! r\nd b>n may be
 built high] to ! eaves ?an a rectangul>
 b>n #cf feet wide1 provision c be made 
= ! gr[? ( ! h]d by build+ s z to put   
c[s 9 ! second /ory & /ill leave        
suffici5t m[ room = hay4  ,! objection  
is frequ5tly rais$ t a r\nd b>n is      
difficult to light4 ,?is difficulty is  
entirely ov]come 9 a b>n #ij feet or    
less 9 diamet]1 if a suffici5t numb] (  
prop]ly spac$ w9d[s are us$4 ,see ,figs4
 #d & #cj4 ,) ! same numb] ( w9d[s1 !   
light is m ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 a r\nd b>n 
& ! sun c %9e directly into "s portion  
at all h\rs ( ! day dur+ ! w9t]4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fir/ ,,/ory 
,,wall1 ,,& ,,f\ndation ,,= ,,silo1     
,,fe$ ,,alley1 ,,& ,,mang]2 ,,sill ,,9  
,,place1 ,,ready ,,= ,,joi/s ,,& ,,/uds4
  ,! objection has be5 rais$ t          
rectangul> objects _c be plac$ 9 a      

circle )\t a wa/e ( space1 b ?is does n 
apply to a dairy b>n1 z ! /orage ( hay &
 gra9 dep5ds ^u cubical cont5t1 alone1 &
 silos %\ld always be circul>1 no matt] 
:]e built4 ,c[s1 :5 ly+ d[n1 are        
decid$ly w$ge-%ap$1 requir+ mu* less    
space 9 front ?an beh9d4 ,! objection   
may be rais$1 ) r\nd b>ns l>ge en\gh =  
two r[s ( c[s1 t ! r[ head$ out does n  
use ! space z economically z 9 !        
rectangul> =m1 because a c[ ne$s m wid? 
at ! re> ( ! plat=m ?an at ! mang]4 ,:]e
 !re are two r[s ( c[s1 ! inn] r[ is    
usually head$ out1 & z only ab\t "o-?ird
 ( ! c[s are 9 ?is r[1 ?is loss ( space 
is c\nt]balanc$ by ! l>ge numb] ( c[s 9 
! out] circle us+ ! space m economically
 ?an !y d 9 ! rectangul> b>n4  ,box     
/alls _c be z conv5i5tly arrang$1 b 9 a 
"o-r[ b>n1 gates hung on ! outside &    
swung ar\nd to ! mang]1 =m /alls = c[s  
at fre%5+ "t1 & 9 a b>n ) two r[s1 box  
/alls c be arrang$ 9 ! inn] circle4     
,,h[ ,,! ,,r\nd ,,b>n ,,at ,,!          
,,univ]sity ,,0 ,,built   ,! b>n is     

locat$ on ! side ( a hill1 slop+ g5tly  
to ! s\? & ea/4 ,) ?is location1 x 0 an 
advantage to excavate #e feet deep on ! 
nor?we/ & run out to ! surface ( ! gr\nd
 on ! s\!a/4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 
,,%[+ ,,tempor>y ,,brac+ ,,to ,,hold    
,,/uds ,,9 ,,place ,,:ile ,,%ip ,,lap   
,,ceil+ ,,is ,,nail$ ,,on4  ,! foot+ = !
 f\ndation is #ah in*es wide4 ,a t5-in* 
brick wall 0 c>ri$ up n9e feet above !  
/able floor4 ,?is wall conta9s a #b-;in*
 air space to prev5t moi/ure f cond5s+  
on ! inn] wall & mak+ ! b>n damp4 ,?is  
is an important po9t1 z b>ns ) a solid  
/one or brick wall are v objectionable  
on acc\nt ( dampness4 ,x has be5 prov5  
by two ye>s' use t ?is difficulty is    
entirely obviat$ by ! air space 9 !     
wall4  ,! f\ndation = ! mang] & fe$     
alley is built up #b feet above ! /able 
floor4 ,! f\ndation = ! silo ext5ds #d  
feet bel[ ! /able floor & is cont9u$ #i 
in*es above ! floor 9 ! fe$ alley4 ,?is 
silo wall1 toge!r ) ! f\ndation "u !    
mang]1 =ms ! f\ndation = ! c5t] supports

 ( ! b>n4 ,fig4 #ab %[s ! f\ndation     
complet$4  ,! silo1 :i* is ! ,gurl]     
type1 0 !n />t$ & c>ri$ up ) ! b>n4 ,x 0
 built by plac+ #b x #d /uds ar\nd !    
circle1 "o foot on c5t]s1 & ceil+ inside
 ) #a_/b x #f-;in* lumb]4 ,?is          
#a_/b-;in* lumb] 0 obta9$ by re-saw+ #a 
x #f yell[ p9e f5c+4 ,common la? 7 !n   
put on horizontally 9 ! regul> way      
inside1 )\t furr+ out1 & pla/]$ ) ri*   
cem5t pla/]4  ,! sill ( ! b>n is #f x   
#f1 made up ( #a x #fs1 & built on top (
 ! wall4 ,build+ x up 9 ?is mann] makes 
a /rong] sill ?an c be obta9$ 9 any o!r 
way1 z x =ms a cont9u\s hoop ar\nd !    
b>n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,%[+   
,,height ,,& ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,silo1  
,,sid+ ,,complet$1 ,,& ,,f\r ,,ma9      
,,raft]s ,,9 ,,place4  ,! joi/s are #b x
 #abs not*$ #f in*es to fit ! sill1 s t 
! out] ends re/ on bo? ! sill & ! brick 
wall4 ,! out] span ( joi/s is #ad feet &
 ! inn] ends ( ^! joi/s re/ on a simil> 
sill built ( #a x #fs on top ( ! #d x #d
 supports at ! /an*ions4 ,! inn] span ( 

joi/s1 betwe5 ! /an*ions & ! silo1 is #h
 feet1 ! out] end re/+ on ! sill ov] !  
/an*ions1 & ! inn] end on a #a-a_/b x   
#f-;in* b&1 made up ( ?ree #a_/b x      
#f-;in* pieces1 runn+ ar\nd ! outside ( 
! silo4 ,^! joi/s are plac$ #b-a_/b feet
 ap>t at ! outside ( ! b>n1 & half z _m 
joi/s are us$ 9 ! inn] span1 mak+ !     
joi/s at ! silo "o foot ap>t4 ,! numb] (
 joi/s "u ! driveways are d\bl$1 be+    
only #a foot & #c in*es ap>t at !       
outside ( ! b>n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ae4 ,,%[+ ,,all ,,raft]s ,,9 ,,place   
,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,%ea?+ ,,ro(4  ,! /uds1
 :i* are #b x #fs1 #bj feet long1 7 !n  
plac$ on ! sill1 ab\t #b feet #f in*es  
ap>t1 be+ z ev5ly spac$ betwe5 ! w9d[s z
 possible1 & tempor>ily brac$1 z %[n 9  
,fig4 #ac1 until ! #h-;in* %ip lap ceil+
 c\ld be nail$ on ! outside4 ,?is 0     
c>ri$ up #e feet to ! second scaffold1 &
 !n cov]$ to ?is height ) %+les laid #e 
in*es to ! wea!r4 ,! scaffold+ 0 !n mov$
 up & ?is process repeat$ until ! sid+ 0
 complet$4 ,! plate1 made up ( five #a x

 #ds1 0 !n built 9 ! not* 9 ! top ( !   
/uds %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #af4 ,,%[+ ,,height ,,( ,,silo1  
,,capacity ,,( ,,b>n1 ,,& ,,con/ruction 
,,( ,,ro(4  ,! silo 0 complet$1 z be=e  
describ$4 ,! raft]s1 :i* 7 fram$ on !   
gr\nd1 7 !n erect$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 !
 fir/ eight go+ to ! c5t] ( ! ro(1 & !  
rema9+ ones 7 cut to re/ on ! plate ( ! 
silo4 ,!re are #fd fram$ raft]s1 & ^!   
are ! only ones 9 ! upp] section ( !    
ro(4 ,at ! break 9 ! ro(1 a head] is cut
 9 betwe5 ! fram$ raft]s1 & 9 ! l[]     
section a raft] is plac$ betwe5 ^!1 ?us 
mak+ twice z _m raft]s 9 ! l[] section (
 ! ro( z 9 ! upp] section4 ,aft] !      
raft]s 7 all 9 place & tempor>ily brac$1
 ! #a x #b-;in* %ea?+ 0 put on1 z %[n 9 
,fig4 #ae1 & ! %+les1 :i* 7 ! be/ #e_/b 
r$ c$>1 7 laid #e in*es to ! wea!r on ! 
l[] section ( ! ro(1 & #d in*es to !    
wea!r on ! upp] section1 z ?is _h less  
pit*4 ,no *alk l9e 0 necess>y1 z ! %+les
 7 laid by ! %ea?+4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #ag4 ,,%[+ ,,arrangem5t ,,(      

,,joi/s ,,& ,,h[ ,,! ,,floor ,,is       
,,laid4  ,! floor 0 made ( #a x #h %ip  
lap1 laid 9 f\r directions1 z %[n 9     
,fig4 #ag4 ,9 ! driveway an extra lay] (
 %ip lap 0 us$1 mak+ ?is portion ( !    
floor #b in*es ?ick4  ,! doorways 9 !   
second /ory are #ad feet wide1 & 9 ! l[]
 /ory #ab feet4 ,^! op5+s are clos$ by  
two slid+ doors1 ea* door be+ made ( two
 sections1 h+$ toge!r s z to foll[ !    
circul> wall ( ! b>n 9 op5+4  ,! c[     
/able is on ! gr\nd floor1 & well light$
 by #af w9d[s hav+ twelve #i x #ab      
lights ea*4 ,!re are also six w9d[s 9 ! 
doors4 ,! w9d[s are plac$ j bel[ ! ceil+
 & admit an abundance ( sun%9e at all   
times ( ! day1 :i* is "o ( ! ess5tials (
 a good dairy b>n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #ah4 ,,%[+ ,,pres5t ,,arrangem5t ,,(   
,,c[ ,,/able4 ,,!re ,,are ,,/an*ions ,,&
 ,,mang]s ,,= #bh ,,c[s1 ,,& #bbjj ,,sq4
 ,,ft4 ,,( ,,floor ,,space ,,9 ,,:i* ,,!
 ,,c[s ,,c ,,run ,,loose4 ,,! ,,gates   
,,are ,,swung ,,into ,,! ,,pres5t       
,,position ,,:5 ,,box ,,/alls ,,are     

,,ne$$4  ,! floor1 back ( ! mang]1 is ( 
clay1 except at ! door1 :]e a small     
portion is cov]$ ) cem5t4 ,! c[s run    
loose except at fe$+ & milk+ "t1 :5 !y  
are plac$ 9 rigid /an*ions4 ,x mu/ be   
di/9ctly und]/ood t rigid /an*ions are  
/rongly condemn$ z a c[ tie1 :]e c[s are
 to rema9 9 !m all night1 b z !y are "h 
us$ m]ely to hold ! c[ dur+ milk+1 !y   
are bo? economical & conv5i5t4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,%[+ ,,cross 
,,section ,,( #fj-;,,foot ,,r\nd ,,b>n4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,clean+ ,,out
 ,,c[ ,,/able ,,) ,,?ree-,,horse        
,,manure ,,spread]4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #ba4 ,,c[s ,,9 ,,/an*ion ,,at    
,,milk+ ,,"t4  ,runn+ c[s loose 9 ?is   
mann] is an excell5t me?od1 :]e b$d+ is 
abundant & suffici5t space is available1
 z ! c[s are m com=table1 & all f]tility
 is sav$4 ,!re is no wa/e f lea*+1 z :5 
! manure lies expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,?is   
me?od saves ! labor ( clean+ ! /able1 z 
! manure is load$ into ! spread] & haul$
 directly ^u ! l& :5ev] conv5i5t1 & ! l&

 is 9 ! be/ condition to receive x4,c   
,c ,= a m detail$ discussion ( !        
advantages (     keep+ c[s 9 ?is mann]1 
see ,ill9ois ,agricultural     ,exp]im5t
 ,/ation ,circul> ,no4 #ic4  ,?ree gates
 are hung on po/s at ! outside wall1 &  
:5 box /alls are ne$$1 ^! are swung     
ar\nd to ! mang]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,! 
s\? door 9 ! c[ /able c be clos$ by     
slatt$ gates1 ?us af=d+ an abundance (  
fre% air & sun%9e on nice days1 )\t     
lett+ ! c[s out ( ! b>n4   ,,sy/em ,,(  
,,v5tilation  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 
,,cont9u$4  ,! sy/em ( v5tilation is !  
,k+4 ,to economize space & lumb]1 ! hay 
*ute is us$ = a v5tilator4 ,?is *ute1   
:i* ext5ds to ! cupola1 is #b-a_/d x    
#c-a_/b feet1 hav+ a cross section area 
( #h sq4 ft41 :i*1 ) a good draft1 is   
suffici5t = #dj c[s4 ,9 ord] t ?is      
comb9ation ( v5tilator & hay *ute prove 
practical1 doors ?ru :i* ! hay c\ld be  
?ru/ 7 plac$ at int]vals 9 ! side ( !   
*ute4 ,^! doors are h+$ at ! top1 op5+  
91 & close imm$iately aft] ! hay drops1 

?us ma9ta9+ a clos$ v5tilator *ute4 ,!  
air is drawn 9 at ! bottom1 ! am\nt be+ 
regulat$ by means ( a slid+ door 9 !    
side4 ,z ?is *ute is #ej feet high1 x   
creates a /rong suction4   ,,! ,,milk   
,,room  ,to economize space1 ! milk     
room1 #ab x #af feet1 is locat$ "u !    
nor? driveway4 ,! brick walls "u ! drive
 =m ! sides ( ?is room1 & ! floor ( !   
drive1 :i* is made ( #b x #fs groov$ on 
bo? edges1 =ms ! ro(4 ,! grooves 9 !    
floor+ 7 fill$ ) :ite lead1 & a wood5   
/rip1 fitt$ to fill ! grooves ( bo?     
planks1 0 driv5 91 =m+ a wat]-tight     
floor4 ,?is floor 0 cov]$ ) hot t> & s& 
#a_/b in* ?ick4 ,! milk room is pla/]$  
on ! inside1 ! pla/] be+ appli$ directly
 to ! brick walls1 except+ 9 ! case ( ! 
ceil+1 :i* is la!d4 ,! floor & cool+    
tank are ( cem5t4 ,! passage f ! b>n to 
! milk room is ?ru a small hallway1 :i* 
is op5 to ! outside1 ?us prev5t+ ! /able
 air gett+ into ! milk room4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,fe$ ,,alley1
 ,,%[+ ,,comb9$ ,,hay ,,*ute ,,&        

,,v5tilator4 ,a ,,door ,,on ,,! ,,side  
,,:i* ,,is ,,h+$ ,,at ,,! ,,bottom1 #c  
,,feet ,,f ,,! ,,floor1 ,,is ,,let ,,9  
,,t[>d ,,! ,,silo1 ,,slid+ ,,! ,,hay    
,,onto ,,! ,,floor4 ,,9 ,,hot ,,wea!r   
,,?is ,,op5+ ,,takes ,,! ,,heat ,,out   
,,( ,,! ,,b>n2 ,,dur+ ,,! ,,w9t] ,,?is  
,,door ,,is ,,kept ,,clos$ ,,& ,,!      
,,v5tilation ,,is ,,regulat$ ,,by       
,,rais+ ,,! ,,slide1 ,,z ,,%[n ,,9 ,,!  
,,cut4   ,,b>n ,,satisfactory  ,?is r\nd
 dairy b>n above describ$ has be5 9 use 
= ov] two ye>s at ! ,univ]sity (        
,ill9ois1 & has giv5 entire             
satisfaction4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4
 ,,nor!a/ ,,view1 ,,%[+ ,,dairy ,,"u    
,,driveway4 ,,! ,,b>n ,,is ,,on ,,!     
,,same ,,scale ,,z ,,! ,,draw+ ,,on     
,,page #bh4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4  
,,int]ior ,,( ,,dairy2 ,,cool+ ,,tank   
,,on ,,left4   ,,re-,,arrangem5t ,,(    
,,b>n ,,to ,,accommodate #dj ,,c[s  ,if 
x is desir$ to keep c[s 9 /alls 9 a r\nd
 b>n ( ?is size1 ! circul> mang] c be   
enl>g$ to #ch feet 9 diamet]1 :i* gives 

room = =ty c[s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be1 & !  
silo1 to hold suffici5t silage to fe$ ! 
ye> r\nd1 enl>g$ to #ah feet 9 diamet]4 
,! pres5t m[ room is suffici5t to /ore  
en\gh hay & b$d+ = ?is numb] ( c[s4  ,! 
b>n on ! ,tw5ty-acre ,demon/ration      
,dairy ,f>m 0 built ?is l>ge1 z x 0     
?\ght x might be desir$ at "s future "t 
to increase ! size ( ! f>m & h]d1 & !   
b>n c\ld easily be *ang$ to accommodate 
a l>g] h]d by simply enl>g+ ! silo1 )\t 
rebuild+ ! b>n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#be4 ,,%[+ ,,h[ ,,?is #fj-;,,foot ,,b>n 
,,may ,,be ,,arrang$ ,,to ,,accommodate 
#dj ,,c[s ,,9 ,,/alls4 ,,to ,,supply    
,,?is ,,siz$ ,,h]d ,,& ,,! ,,necess>y   
,,"y ,,/ock ,,) ,,silage ,,= ,,eight    
,,mon?s ,,w\ld ,,require ,a #cgj-,,ton  
,,silo1 ,,or ,,"o #ah ,,feet ,,9        
,,diamet] ,,& #ef ,,feet ,,deep2 ,,) ,a 
,,sev5-,,foot ,,fe$ ,,alley ,,& ,a      
#b-a_/b-;,,foot ,,mang]1 ,,! ,,circle   
,,at ,,! ,,/an*ions ,,w\ld ,,be #ch     
,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]1 ,,or #aai-a_/c    
,,feet ,,9 ,,circumf]5ce2 ,,all[+       

#d-a_/d ,,feet ,,= ,,two ,,passage      
,,ways1 ,,! ,,/alls ,,w\ld ,,be #b      
,,feet #aj-a_/b ,,in*es ,,wide ,,at ,,! 
,,/an*ion1 ,,& #c ,,feet #f ,,in*es ,,at
 ,,! ,,drop4   ,,itemiz$ ,,co/ ,,( ,,?is
 ,,r\nd ,,b>n    ,excavat+1 f\ndation1 &
 fir/ /ory brick wall        #ijd4jj    
,lumb]3      #adi pieces1 #a     x  #d  
x #af        ,y4 ,p4      #ca        #a 
x  #d     x #ad       ,cypress      #af 
#a     x  #d     x #ab                  
#afe        #a     x  #f     x #af      
,y4 ,p4      #ag        #a     x  #f    
x #ad               #bbf        #b     x
  #d     x #ab                #bj       
#b     x  #d     x #af                  
#f        #b     x  #d     x #ad        
#ae        #d     x  #d     x #ad       
#abj        #b     x #ab     x #af      
#bc        #b     x #ab     x #ad       
#ajj        #b     x  #f     x #bj      
#add        #b     x  #f     x #af      
#fg        #b     x  #f     x #ah       
#d        #b     x  #f     x #bf        
#fj        #b     x  #f     x #ab       

#cj        #b     x  #f     x #bb       
#d        #b     x  #f     x #bd        
#f        #b     x  #h     x #aj        
#i        #b     x  #h     x #af        
#d        #b     x #aj     x #ad        
#aa        #b     x #aj     x #ab       
#a        #b     x #aj     x #bb        
#a        #a     x #aj     x #ab        
#a        #a     x #aj     x #ad        
,cypress       #b        #a     x #ab   
x #ad                #bb        #a-a_/h 
x  #h     x #aj       ,cyp4 ,s#b,s      
#b        #a     x  #a-a_/h x #ab x #ad 
#b        #a     x  #a-a_/h x #ab x #af 
#fjjj feet ( #h-;in* %ip lap     #caej  
feet ( #aj-;in* %ip lap       #ga ,m    
#e_/b r$ c$> %+les      #afe ,l9eal feet
 ( #b-;in* ,cr4 mold+      #bdj ,l9eal  
feet ( ,cr4 mold+      #bgj feet (      
#d-;in* ,y4 ,p4 ,s#a,s     #djjj feet ( 
#f-;in* r\gh p9e       #fb feet (       
#c_/h-;in* ,y4 ,p4 ,ceil+      #hej feet
 ( #f-;in* ,no4 #a floor+      #bcj feet
 ( #f-;in* f5ce floor+       #ef l9eal  
feet ( #a_/b x #c-;in* batt5+       #cb 

l9eal feet ( lattice      #ddd l9eal    
feet ( #d-;in* cypress        #c        
#aj-;foot c$> po/s             ,total   
co/ ( lumb]                             
#a1cac4fc          ,mill "w3     ,w9d[  
sa% & doors                             
#bgj4jj     ,w9d[ & door frames         
#ga4jj     ,saw+ lumb] = silo1 ro(1     
bridge & /an*ions       #bi4gh     ,co/ 
( h>dw>e                                
#if4eg          ,c>p5t] "w3     ,head   
c>p5t]                #eah hrs4  #dj;c  
#bjg4bj     ,c>p5t]s                    
#ajeg hrs4  #ce;c   #cfi4ie     ,common 
labor                  #dbi hrs4  #bj;c 
#he4hj                                  
-------             ,total co/ = c>p5t] 
"w                    #ffb4ie      ,til+
 ar\nd b>n & silo1 sew] f dairy room1   
reta9+ wall1 cem5t floor 9 alley1 dairy1
       doorway ( b>n1 & /eps & tanks    
#abh4ed     ,pla/]+ dairy room & inside 
( silo                 #ajd4fj          
,pa9t+                                  
#hi4ed                                  

--------             ,total co/ ( b>n   
#cfgj4fa   ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4    
,,b>n ,,no4 #b4 #hj ,,feet ,,9          
,,diamet]2 ,,eng9e ,,room ,,9 ,,=egr\nd4
  ,! co/ ( ?is b>n1 if built on ! ord9>y
 dairy f>m1 c\ld be mat]ially r$uc$ )\t 
%ort5+ ! life ( ! b>n4 ,ow+ to !        
conditions "u :i* ?is b>n 0 built1 x 0  
necess>y to pay = haul+ all mat]ial to !
 f>m1 two & "o-half miles f t[n4 ,all ( 
! labor _h to be hir$1 & z x 0 necess>y 
= ! m5 to bo>d !mselves ! wages paid 7  
proportionately high]4 ,! f>m] usually  
does ! excavat+ & hauls ! brick1 s&1 &  
lumb] ) 8 own teams1 t5ds ! mason1 &    
does q an am\nt ( ! r\gh "w ) 8 own     
help1 besides bo>d+ ! m51 all ( :i* w\ld
 greatly r$uce ! co/4 ,! con/ruction    
c\ld also be *eap5$ by us+ drop sid+ to 
cov] ! outside1 in/ead ( %+les1 :i* 9   
?is case 7 us$ ov] %ip lap on ! side    
walls to improve ! appe>ance4 ,?is b>n  
c\ld be /ill fur!r *eap5$ by putt+      
hoops1 five feet ap>t1 ar\nd ! /uds1 &  
cov]+ ) common #a x #ab bo>ds1 put on   

v]tically1 z is done 9 "s cases4 ,a sav+
 c\ld also be made on ! mill "w & l>ge  
doors by hav+ ! c>p5t]s make ^! pla9] & 
leave ! w9d[s out ( !m4  ,anyone wi%+ to
 build a r\nd b>n c get local bids on ! 
lumb] bill1 & det]m9e approximately !   
co/ 9 8 locality4 ,?is w v>y ) bo? !    
location & ! ye>4     ,,o!r ,,r\nd      
,,dairy ,,b>ns   ,,b>n ,,no4 #b  ,built 
#ahig4  ,diamet]1 #hj feet4  ,capacity1 
#ge c[s 9 #b r[s1 tails toge!r1 #ea head
 9 out] circle1 #bd head 9 inn] circle4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,int]ior ,,( 
,,b>n ,,no4 #b4 ,,%[+ ,,two ,,r[s ,,(   
,,/an*ions ,,& ,,drive ,,beh9d ,,c[s    
,,:i* ,,is ,,us$ ,,9 ,,clean+ ,,b>n2    
,,silo ,,on ,,"r4  ,co/1 #ahjj4  ,/uds1 
#b x #fs1 plac$ #b-a_/b feet on c5t]4   
,supports1 two #b x #fs 9 ea* /an*ion4  
,joi/s1 ma9 span #c x #abs1 #bj feet    
long1 plac$ #ad in*es on c5t]4 ,%ort    
spans ov] fe$ alleys1 #b x #ajs4        
,plate1 #a x #aj-;in* bo>ds sprung ar\nd
 ne> top ( /uds4  ,ro( supports1 #f x   
#fs plac$ #ab feet ap>t4 ,purl9e plate  

re/s on ^! po/s & consi/s ( #a x #hs    
sprung to ! circle4  ,sid+1 #h-;in*1 put
 on horizontally1 fir/ /ory ceil$       
inside4  ,to clean out1 a wagon is driv5
 ar\nd betwe5 ! two r[s ( c[s4  ,! *ief 
objection to ?is b>n is insuffici5t     
light 9 ! c[ /able4  ,?is b>n & ,no4 #c 
are approximately ! same 9 con/ruction1 
& are m sub/antially built ?an b>ns ,no4
 #d & #e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4    
,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,c[ ,,/able ,,9 ,,b>n 
,,no4 #b2 ,,two ,,r[s ,,( ,,c[s ,,tail$ 
,,toge!r4 ,,! ,,b>n ,,is ,,clean$ ,,by  
,,driv+ ,,ar\nd ,,beh9d ,,! ,,c[s4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,b>n ,,no4   
#c4 #hj ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]4   ,,b>n   
,,no4 #d  ,built 9 #aijj4  ,diamet]1 #ij
 feet4  ,capacity1 #aje c[s1 two r[s    
head+ toge!r4  ,co/1 #cjjj4  ,f\ndation1
 wid? at base & top1 #ah in*es2 dep? 9  
gr\nd1 #bj in*es1 7n suffici5t74        
,sills1 #b x #hs1 saw$ 9 %ort l5g?s1 &  
plac$ flatwise4  ,/udd+1 #bj-;foot #b x 
#hs1 plac$ #c feet on c5t] & to5ail$ to 
sill4  ,supports1 fir/ /ory #d x #ds    

plac$ betwe5 /an*ions 9 ea* r[1 mak+ two
 r[s ( supports betwe5 ! outside wall & 
! silo2 #d x #ds cut to a circle plac$  
on top ( ^! supports4 ,! outside span1  
ov] c[s1 is #ac feet #f in*es2 middle   
span1 ov] fe$ alley1 #f feet #h in*es1 &
 inside span1 ov] c[s1 #ac feet4        
,joi/s1 #b x #hs plac$ #c feet ap>t at  
/uds on outside wall4 ,!re are z _m     
joi/s 9 c5t] ( b>n z at ! outside4      
,supports1 second-/ory1 consi/ ( "o r[ (
 po/s runn+ ar\nd at a po9t imm$iately  
"u ! break 9 ! ro(4 ,^! are #af feet    
ap>t & are made ( ?ree #b x #hs kept #b 
in*es ap>t by horizontal braces :i* run 
f /udd+ ne> ! eave ?ru ^! po/s to /udd+ 
9 silo4 ,see ,fig4 #ca4  ,plate1 raft]  
is set on top ( ea* /ud1 & no plate is  
us$4  ,raft]s1 #b x #fs re/+ on /uds at 
outside & on circul> plate at break 9   
ro(4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,b>n   
,,no4 #d4 #ij ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]2 ,,"o
 ,,( ,,! ,,few ,,dairy ,,b>ns ,,)       
,,suffici5t ,,light2 ,,same ,,scale ,,z 
,,draw+ ,,on ,,page #cg4  ,illu/ration3 

,,fig4 #ca4 ,,silo ,,9 ,,c5t] ,,( ,,b>n 
,,no4 #d2 ,,upp] ,,portion ,,9 ,,hay    
,,l(t4 ,,l[] ,,portion ,,9 ,,c[ ,,/able4
  ,sid+1 #h-;in* drop sid+1 put on      
horizontally1 nail$ ) #aj;d nails4 ,ends
 hold+ well4  ,w9d[s1 #ab light1 #aj x  
#ab glass2 "o w9d[ e six feet4 ,?is     
gives an abundance ( light 9 ! c5t] ( ! 
b>n4  ,doors1 built on circle2 7n       
satisfactory74  ,silo1 r\nd2 diamet]1   
#bd feet ov] all2 height1 #ec feet1     
exclusive ( #ab-;foot space = wat] tank 
on top2 capacity1 #ejj tons4 ,/uds (    
silo1 #b x #ds plac$ #ab in*es on c5t]4 
,ceil$ inside ( /uds ) two ?icknesses ( 
half-in* lumb] ) pap] betwe54           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,int]ior ,,( 
,,b>n ,,no4 #d1 ,,%[+ ,,/alls ,,& ,,fe$ 
,,alley4  ,rem>ks3 ,consid]+ its size1 !
 con/ruction ( ?is b>n is app>5tly too  
light to be sub/antial1 z ! joi/s & /uds
 are too small & too f> ap>t1 yet x has 
/ood = n9e ye>s ) no m evid5ce ( we> ?an
 is common ) any b>n4  ,7 ! own] to     
build aga9 he w\ld place ! /uds only    

#b-a_/b feet ap>t & use #b x #ab joi/s1 
#b-a_/b feet ap>t at ! outside wall4 ,he
 w\ld also use cem5t pla/] on inside (  
silo4  ,! own] says x w\ld h co/ him z  
mu* to h built a rectangul> b>n )\t !   
#ejj-ton silo1 & conta9+ #acjj sq4 ft4  
less floor space4 ,9 o!r words1 he ga9$ 
a #ejj-ton silo & #acjj sq4 ft4 ( floor 
space1 besides an imm5se am\nt ( m[     
room1 by build+ a circul> b>n4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,arrangem5t  
,,( ,,c[ ,,/able ,,9 ,,b>n ,,no4 #d1 #ij
 ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]2 ,,two ,,r[s ,,(  
,,c[s ,,head$ ,,toge!r4   ,,b>n ,,no4 #e
  ,built 9 #aijf4  ,diamet]1 #ajj feet4 
,capacity1 #aae c[s4  ,co/1 #cdjj4      
,/udd+1 #af-;foot #b x #fs1 plac$ #c    
feet on c5t]s4  ,supports1 #c r[s #d x  
#ds4  ,joi/s1 #b x #ajs1 plac$ #c feet  
on c5t]s4 ,hemlock & yell[ p9e4  ,floor1
 laid 9 eight directions4  ,raft]s1 #b x
 #fs spik$ to /uds4 ,a b& ( two #a x #fs
 is plac$ ar\nd ! /uds j bel[ ! raft]s1 
& helps support ! raft]s4  ,supports =  
ro(4 ,!re are ?ree purl9e plates4 ,two (

 ^! are support$ by po/s1 ! o!r by      
braces runn+ out f ! silo4 ,! ro( is    
/raight f eaves to peak4 ,! brac+ is    
simil> to t ( b>n ,no4 #d4  ,silo1 #ah  
feet 9 diamet]1 #ef feet deep1 #b feet 9
 gr\nd4 ,capacity1 #cej tons4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,b>n #ib     
,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]2 ,,two ,,r[s ,,(   
,,c[s ,,head$ ,,toge!r2 ,,silo ,,9      
,,c5t]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4      
,,view ,,( #gj-;,,foot ,,self-,,support+
 ,,ro( ,,on ,,b>n ,,%[n ,,9 ,,fig4 #cf2 
,,note ,,hoops ,,on ,,/uds ,,9 ,,"r     
,,=egr\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4   
,,b>n #gj ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]2 ,,frame 
,,hoop$ ,,= ,,p]p5dicul> ,,sid+2 ,,l[]  
,,section ,,sid$4   ,,! ,,small         
,,dairyman',s ,,b>n  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #cg4 ,,b>n #dj ,,feet ,,9        
,,diamet]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4   
,,b>n #dh ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]1         
#af-;,,foot ,,po/s2 ,,note ,,me?od ,,(  
,,tak+ ,,hay ,,into ,,small ,,r\nd      
,,b>n4  ,! r\nd b>ns previ\sly describ$ 
d n meet ! ne$s ( ! man ) only a few    

c[s4 ,he usually wants a g5]al-purpose  
b>n4 ,! circul> =m c be made            
satisfactory = ?is purpose if prop]     
att5tion is giv5 to ! plan4 ,x is       
necess>y t ! c[ /able be di/9ctly       
sep>at$ f all o!r /ock by a tight wall4 
,r\nd b>ns ) ?is arrangem5t are giv+    
satisfaction 9 ,ill9ois at ! pres5t "t4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,%[+         
,,con/ruction ,,( ,,b>n ,,9 ,,fig4 #dj4 
,,hoops ,,9 ,,place ,,ready ,,=         
,,p]p5dicul> ,,sid+2 ,,ro( ,,%ea!d ,,=  
,,%+les4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4     
,,b>n #ajb ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet] ,,& #he 
,,feet ,,high4     ,,disadvantages ,,(  
,,! ,,polygonal ,,b>n4   ,a polygonal   
b>n has ! disadvantages ( bo? !         
rectangul> & ! r\nd b>n1 & is less /able
 ?an ei!r4 ,x mu/ necess>ily h a heavy  
frame1 :i* is exp5sive1 & z ! sid+ _c   
run ar\nd ! corn]s1 x is v difficult to 
tie ! diff]5t sides toge!r suffici5tly  
to prev5t ! b>n be+ rack$ by ! w9d4     
,,b>n ,,no4 #f  #af-sid$4  ,built1      
#ahhh4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,b>n 

,,no4 #f2 #he ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet]2     
,,same ,,scale ,,z ,,draw+ ,,on         
,,opposite ,,page4  ,diamet]1 #he feet4 
,height1 #bf-;foot po/s on #i-;foot     
wall4  ,capacity1 #hh c[s2 #cej tons (  
hay4  ,f\ndation & fir/ /ory1 cem5t wall
 #i feet above cem5t floor4  ,supports1 
#d x #hs1 plac$ j back ( /an*ions1 #c   
feet on c5t]4  ,/uds1 #b x #ajs1 #bf    
feet long1 plac$ #b-a_/b feet on c5t]4  
,joi/s #c x #abs1 #bj feet long1 #ad    
in*es on c5t] = ma9 span4  ,raft]s1     
self-support+4 ,%ea!d ) #a x #fs ) no   
space betwe54 ,?is ro( has a purl9e     
plate ?r[n 9 ! gambrel4 ,! plate is     
support$ only by ! braces :i* tie !     
jo9ts4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4       
,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,c[ ,,/able ,,9 ,,b>n 
,,no4 #f4  ,! b>n has be5 rack$ ?ree    
times by ! w9d1 replumb$ & heavy iron   
rods put 9 to brace x1 yet x is out (   
plumb at ! pres5t "t4     ,,conclusions 
,9 summ+ up ! data giv5 9 ?is bullet91 x
 is obvi\s t ! advantages ( ! r\nd b>n  
are conv5i5ce1 /r5g?1 & *eapness4  ,!   

r\nd b>n is ! m conv5i5t1 because ( !   
unob/ruct$ m[1 :i* r$uces ! labor       
requir$ 9 m[+ hay1 & because ( ! great] 
ease & few] /eps ) :i* ! fe$ c be gott5 
to ! c[s1 ow+ to ! c5tral location ( !  
supply4  ,! circul> con/ruction is !    
/ronge/ because advantage is tak5 ( !   
l9eal /r5g? ( ! lumb]4 ,all expos$      
surfaces are circul>1 & )/& great] w9d  
pressure1 z ! w9d c get no direct hold1 
z on ! sides or gable ends ( a          
rectangul> b>n4  ,9 r\nd numb]s1        
rectangul> b>ns require1 accord+ to _!  
con/ruction1 f #cd to #eh p]c5t m 9 co/ 
( mat]ial ?an r\nd b>ns ) ! same floor  
area & built ( ! same grade ( mat]ial4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,transcrib] ,,notes3      ,punctuation 
has be5 normaliz$ )\t note4             
,hyph5ation ( words has be5 *ang$ to be 
m consi/5t     ?r\gh\t ! text4          
,page #f3 betw5 *ang$ to betwe5 7midway 
betwe5 ! silo &     ! outside wall74