,transcriber's notes ,page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces1 e4g4 #ii4 ,they have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book4 ,obvious spelling errors have been corrected but inventive and inconsistent spelling is left unchanged4 ,material suitable for searching has been converted to text4 ,complex tables that would not provide useful search targets and would be prone to transcription errors have been left as images4 ,end ,transcriber's notes #b ,illustration ,,plant ,,of ,,howard ,,bullough ,,american ,,machine ,,company ,,ltd4 ,,pawtucket1 ,r4 ,i4 #c ,,illustrated ,,catalogue of ,,cotton ,,machinery ,built by ,,howard ,,bullough ,,american ,,machine ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,pawtucket1 ,r4 ,i41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,opening1 ,,picking1 ,,carding1 ,,drawing1 ,,roving1 ,,spinning1 ,,twisting ,,and ,,winding ,,machinery ,,warpers ,,and ,,slashers ,containing ,also ,floor ,spaces1 ,speeds1 ,productions1 ,gearing ,diagrams1 ,useful ,tables and ,other ,information #aiji ,,boston ,,office1 #fe ,,franklin ,,street ,c4 ,e4 ,,riley1 ,,treasurer ,,southern ,,office1 ,,empire ,,building1 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4 #d ,,introduction4 ,we take pleasure in presenting this book1 trusting that the information it contains will be of interest and service4 ,in compiling this catalogue we have included such descriptive matter as will set forth the main features and advantages of our machinery1 also outline drawings1 gearing diagrams1 floor spaces1 speeds1 production and other tables1 and information of use to all those interested in ,cotton ,mills4 ,some of the information contained in this book has hitherto been presented in circular and book form1 but at the request of numerous friends and users of our machinery we now issue this complete catalogue which contains considerable additional information1 besides which it is in a compact and convenient form4 ,our machinery is extensively used1 and is well and favorably known4 ,it will be our endeavor in the future to continue to make improvements and maintain the high standard which has characterized our machinery in the past4 #e ,,index4 ,,opening ,,and ,,picking ,,machinery ,,page ,hopper ,bale ,opener #h ,general ,description #i ,floor ,plans and ,elevations #ab ,automatic ,hopper ,feeder #ad ,self-feeding ,opener #af ,trunking #bj ,breaker ,lappers #bd ,combination ,machines #cj ,intermediate and ,finisher ,lappers #cb ,production ,tables #cf ,gearing ,diagrams #ch ,calculations #dc ,floor ,plans and ,elevations #eb ,,revolving ,,flat ,,cards ,general ,description #fa ,patent ,setting ,arrangement for ,flats #fg ,williams' ,patent ,stripping ,motion #fh ,floor ,plan #gb ,gearing ,diagram #gb ,calculations #ge ,production ,tables #ge ,gearing ,tables #gg ,clothing #hj ,,drawing ,,frames ,general ,description #hb ,floor ,plans #hh ,table of ,lengths #ij ,production ,tables #ia ,gearing ,diagram #ib ,calculations #id ,gearing and ,general ,tables #if ,electric ,stop ,motions #ih ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames ,general ,description #ajc ,improved ,differential ,motion #ajg ,improved ,lay ,gearing #aji ,speed ,tables #aaa ,floor ,plans #aah ,tables of ,lengths #aai ,production ,tables #aac ,gearing ,diagrams #abc #f ,calculations #abg ,gearing ,tables #acj ,roving ,tables #acf ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frames ,general ,description #ada ,improved ,builder #aea ,h4 ,b4 ,separator #aeb ,floor ,plan #aed ,table of ,lengths #aee ,production ,tables #aef ,gearing ,diagrams #afj ,calculations #afd ,gearing ,tables #aff ,yarn ,twist ,tables #agf ,table for ,numbering ,cotton ,yarn #agi ,breaking ,weights of ,american ,yarns #ahd ,,spoolers ,table of ,lengths and ,productions #ahf ,,reels #ahg ,,twisters ,general ,description #ahh ,floor ,plan #aic ,table of ,lengths #aie ,production ,tables #aih ,gearing ,diagrams #bjc ,calculations #bjf ,gearing ,tables #bjh ,twist ,tables #baj ,,cone ,,and ,,tube ,,winders ,general ,description #bbb ,floor ,plan #bbe ,,warpers #bbf ,,slashers #bbg ,,miscellaneous ,shipping ,weights #bcb ,table of ,english ,weights and ,measures #bcc ,classification of ,cotton #bcg ,general ,rules with ,examples #bcd ,power ,required by ,cotton ,machinery #bch ,belting ,required for ,various ,machines #bdj ,horse-power ,tables of ,shafting #bdb ,horse-power ,tables of ,belting #bdf ,data on ,manila ,transmission ,rope #bej ,spindles in ,u4 ,s4 #beb ,world's ,cotton ,spindles #bec #g ,,opening ,,and ,,picking ,,machinery4 ,the ,opening and ,picking of cotton should have the same careful attention as the ,carding and ,spinning1 although the latter processes may seem to some to be more important4 ,much more attention is being given to this ,department everywhere to-day than formerly1 and better equipments of machinery are being used4 ,the same equipment is not equally good for all classes of work1 as the machinery must be designed and adjusted for the particular kind of stock to be used4 ,unless the cotton is well opened and cleaned1 and good even laps are made1 the ,carding will suffer1 and the ,card ,clothing will soon be damaged1 which means poor and costly work4 ,we invite with every confidence all possible investigation into the construction and improved design of our ,opening and ,picking machinery1 and the work it is doing in the mills4 ,this entire line of machinery is substantially built1 very simple1 and contains many valuable improvements4 #h ,illustration ,,patent ,,hopper ,,bale ,,opener #i ,,hopper ,,bale ,,opener4 ,an investigation of the present methods of handling cotton before it reaches the ,pickers shows that in a large percentage of mills there are opportunities for greatly reducing the labor cost and at the same time improving in a marked degree the quality of opening and mixing4 ,the saving which can be effected in labor1 and the better results obtained by a more thorough opening of the cotton and a more even mixing1 can hardly be appreciated except by those who have seen it demonstrated by the use of our ,hopper ,bale ,opener4 ,this machine is extensively used in ,england and on the ,continent1 where it is giving most satisfactory results4 ,it is filling a need which has long existed4 ,,labor ,,saving--,a bale of cotton can be thoroughly opened without damage to the staple in six to ten minutes1 which means that one hand can open upwards of #aej1jjj to #bjj1jjj lbs4 per week and still have time for taking care of bagging1 ties1 etc4 ,even when the weekly consumption of cotton is very much less than this there is a saving in labor1 as the quick completion of the work means that the attendant can give his attention to something else4 ,,quality ,,of ,,work--,the fluffy condition of the cotton as it is delivered from the ,hopper ,bale ,opener shows the very thorough manner in which it is opened4 ,although the cotton is fed to the machine in large matted sections taken directly from the bales as they lie around the horizontal feeding apron1 no bunches come through4 ,when cotton is opened and mixed by hand the result is not what is generally supposed4 ,the stock is still in large bunches and matted to such an extent that when fed into the ,hoppers of ordinary ,openers it is impossible to obtain an even or thorough mixing4 #aj ,,the ,,feeding ,,apron of the ,hopper ,bale ,opener usually extends four feet back of the ,hopper which enables the operator to group a number of bales around the machine so as to take cotton first from one and then from another4 ,this gives an even mixing of the stock from the various bales4 ,if it is desired this idea can be carried still further by making the ,feeding ,apron longer1 so as to allow of taking cotton from a greater number of bales4 ,,method ,,of ,,working--,the matted sections taken direct from the bale and placed on the slowly driven ,horizontal ,feeding ,apron move forward into the ,hopper and are taken by the more rapidly moving ,spiked ,elevating ,apron1 which subjects the cotton to a sort of combing action4 ,at the top of this ,apron there is a spiked ,cylinder which further combs the cotton and throws back into the ,hopper any unopened pieces4 ,a ,stripping ,beater with stiff leather blades strips the stock from the ,spiked ,apron and delivers it onto the short delivery ,apron at the front of the machine4 ,,delivery ,,arrangements--,the ordinary or standard delivery arrangement is shown in the cut1 page #h1 and in the outline drawing1 page #ab4 ,we have recently designed a double apron delivery for use with ,condenser and ,blower systems1 where the cotton has to be carried quite a distance4 ,this arrangement does away with the necessity of passing the stock through a fan and is approved by the ,insurance ,companies4 ,the cotton being delivered into the conveying pipe ahead of the ,blower ,fan1 there is no fire risk due to hard substances passing through or stock getting caught in the fan4 ,we have designed many special delivery arrangements to meet the various conditions which present themselves1 including a suitable delivery for use with either lattice distributing systems or blowing systems4 #aa ,,distributing ,,systems--,the installation of this ,hopper ,bale ,opener makes a distributing system more advantageous and satisfactory4 ,we have equipped many ,opening ,rooms with ,distributing ,lattices which deliver the cotton directly into the ,hoppers of the ,self-feeding ,openers1 thus saving another handling4 ,when the ,hopper ,bale ,opener is located some distance from the distributing lattice1 the latter may be fed by a blower and condenser system1 and when the distance is very short an elevating lattice is used1 dropping the cotton directly on the distributing lattice4 ,we are always glad to take up special cases and make recommendations in connection with the conveying and distribution of cotton either for short or long distances4 ,an advantage which is not usually thought of or appreciated is the more even ,breaker laps obtained where a ,hopper ,bale ,opener and distributing system are used4 ,the ,hoppers of the ,feeders are more evenly fed and the stock is in a much better condition than when mixed and fed by hand4 ,,construction--,the machine is very strongly built throughout4 ,an extra large ,hopper is an advantage possessed by this ,opener4 ,the ,spiked ,elevating ,lattice is made on a new patented system and the slats on same are of heavy selected stock4 ,,driving ,,pulleys ,,and ,,speeds--,the ,driving ,pulleys are on the right hand side when facing the ,hopper or ,feed and are #aa in4 dia41 #c in4 face1 tight and loose1 and should be driven at about #ehb revs4 per minute4 ,,production--#aej1jjj to #bjj1jjj lbs4 per week of #fj hours4 ,,floor ,,space--,the machine with short ,feeding ,lattice1 as shown on the illustration1 page #h1 is #ac ft4 #a-a_/d in4 x #f ft4 #aj in4 #ab ,illustration ,,hopper ,,bale ,,opener ,,with ,,standard ,,short ,,apron ,,delivery #ac ,illustration ,,hopper ,,bale ,,opener ,,with ,,double ,,apron ,,delivery #ad ,illustration ,,automatic ,,hopper ,,feeder #ae ,,automatic ,,hopper ,,feeder4 ,,hopper--,this is extra large and capable of holding #djj to #dej pounds of cotton4 ,,spiked ,,elevating ,,apron runs over large flanged blocks and is extra strong4 ,,stripping ,,comb ,,or ,,roller--,this works in conjunction with the ,spiked ,apron1 and is very simple and durable4 ,it is self-cleaning and is easily adjusted by means of a handle on one side of the machine4 ,this handle can be locked in position after an adjustment is made1 and the arrangement1 although operated from one side of the ,feeder1 gives a positive parallel motion1 and consequently a true setting of the ,stripping ,comb4 ,,pin ,,beater takes the cotton from the ,spiked ,apron4 ,the stock1 after passing over the cleaning grids1 drops on the ,delivery ,apron4 ,,knock-,,off ,,arrangement--,this is simple and durable1 and is so designed as to be easily connected to the knock-off on the ,breaker ,lapper or other machine which follows4 ,,aprons all have strong and easily adjusted tightening devices4 ,,simplicity--,our ,feeder is reduced to the simplest design possible consistent with even and good work1 and has no troublesome cone drums4 ,,combinations of this ,feeder with the various ,opening and ,picking ,machines are made to suit any special requirements of the mill4 ,the ,feeder when combined with an ,opener is driven from a pulley on the ,cylinder or ,beater shaft1 and when feeding on to the ,apron of a ,lapper is driven from the ,lapper ,countershaft4 ,,driving ,,pulley ,,and ,,speed--,the ,driving ,pulley is #aj in4 dia41 #b-a_/d-;in4 face1 and should be driven at about #eej revs4 per minute4 ,,floor ,,space--,length1 #aj ft4 #e in42 width1 #e ft4 #f in4 ,,floor ,,plan ,,and ,,elevation--,see page #eb4 #af ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener ,,with #cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder #ag ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener4 ,this is a combination of the ,automatic ,hopper ,feeder with an ,opener ,section built as one machine4 ,the ,beater in the ,opener ,section may be a two-blade rigid ,beater1 #ah in4 dia41 or a #cj-;in4 dia4 ,special ,cylinder1 which is shown and described on page #ah4 ,this machine may be arranged for trunking connections1 as shown in the cut on the opposite page1 or it may be attached directly to a ,breaker ,lapper1 forming a ,combined ,self-feeding ,opener and ,breaker ,lapper 7see page #cj for cut of this machine74 ,,driving ,,pulley--,self-feeding ,opener with #ah in4 ,beater1 #i in4 dia41 #d-a_/d in4 face2 with #cj-;in4 ,cylinder1 #af in4 dia41 #d-a_/d in4 face4 ,other sizes can be furnished4 ,,speeds--#a1dej revs4 per minute for #ah-;in4 ,beater and #eej revs4 per minute for #cj-;in4 ,cylinder when running with ordinary cotton4 ,for long staple cottons the ,beater speed is reduced to #hjj to #a1jej revs4 per minute and the ,cylinder speed to #cjj to #dej revs4 per minute4 ,,production--,see ,breaker ,lappers4 ,,floor ,,plans ,,and ,,elevations--,see pages #ef and #eg4 #ah ,illustration #cj-;,,in4 ,,special ,,cylinder #ai #cj-;,,inch ,,special ,,cylinder4 ,this #cj-;inch ,cylinder is specially designed for use in ,self-,feeding ,openers where these machines are arranged for trunk connection or combined with ,breaker ,lappers4 ,the large diameter makes it possible to use more grid bars than with the blade beaters4 ,the main points considered in the design of this #cj-;inch cylinder were1 more thorough opening of the cotton1 greater production without injury to the staple1 and better cleaning4 ,these ,cylinders are made from steel boiler plates1 and the steel fingers are fastened on by rivets4 ,these fingers are so arranged that in one revolution they strike all points along the entire width of the feed rolls4 ,in case of accident to fingers1 caused by some hard substance getting into the machine1 the damaged fingers can be easily replaced4 ,we have adopted the #cj-;inch ,special ,cylinder1 believing it to be preferable to those of larger diameter4 #bj ,illustration ,,automatic ,,cleaning ,,trunk 7#aj-;,,ft4 ,,section7 #ba ,,cleaning ,,trunk4 ,on the opposite page is shown a #aj-;ft4 section of ,automatic ,cleaning ,trunk4 ,it is usual to install two of these sections1 making #bj ft41 and to suspend same from the ceiling4 ,the cotton passes over ,transverse ,grids ,a and the leaf and dirt drop between the ,grids into a series of compartments ,b1 which are automatically cleaned out by air draft from a ,fan4 ,each compartment has a hinged door or bottom ,c1 which when dropped leaves an opening into the exhaust air pipe ,d4 ,the hinged doors are dropped one at a time1 and the openings are shown at ,g4 ,the ,fan is connected to the exhaust air pipe ,d1 and is only running while the ,trunk is being cleaned4 ,the removable doors ,e give access to the top of the ,trunk1 and the brackets ,f are for the supporting rods4 ,one of the advantages of this ,trunk is that it can be hung from the ceiling out of the way and not occupy valuable floor space4 ,it is carefully built and the joints of the doors are covered with leather to prevent leaks4 ,page #ei shows a system where #bj ft4 of ,automatic ,cleaning ,trunk is used together with the necessary ,conducting ,trunk2 the ,opener being on the first floor and the ,breaker ,lapper with ,gauge ,box and ,condenser on the second4 #bb ,illustration ,,english ,,pattern ,,cleaning ,,trunk 7,,two #d-;,,ft4 ,,sections7 #bc ,cleaning ,trunk is of special advantage to mills using low grade stock4 ,all cotton contains more or less light dirt and leaf1 which it is difficult to entirely remove in the ,lappers1 on account of the fan draft essential to the formation of a good sheet on the screens carrying some of the lighter impurities along with the cotton4 ,the passing of the stock over the transverse ,grids in the ,cleaning ,trunk at a low velocity provides an efficient means for removing this dirt and leaf4 ,we also build an ,english pattern ,trunk1 which is shown in the illustration on page #bb4 ,this ,trunk is supported by stands which rest on the floor1 and is built in #d-;ft4 sections1 several of these being coupled together4 ,although not automatic1 it is easily cleaned by dropping the doors which cover the entire bottom of the ,trunk and carry the ,grids4 ,in the illustration one of these doors is shown down1 and the sheet iron ,grids are plainly visible4 #bd ,illustration ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser #be ,,breaker ,,lappers4 ,on page #bd is shown our ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper with ,gauge ,box and ,condenser1 and on page #bh the same machine with a ,cage ,section4 ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser--,we strongly recommend the use of ,gauge ,boxes and ,condensers when the ,breaker ,lappers and ,openers are on different floors1 or the stock has to be carried any distance4 ,under these conditions there is a considerable quantity of cotton passing between the ,opener and ,lapper1 which on account of the stopping and starting of the latter is liable to make thick and thin places in the lap4 ,the use of the ,condenser and ,gauge ,box overcomes this difficulty as the cotton is received under these varying conditions and the ,gauge ,box acts as an ,evener and delivers a uniform supply to the ,feed ,rolls behind the ,beater4 ,when the connection between the ,opener and ,breaker ,lapper is short the ,cage ,section can be used without difficulty4 ,the ,condenser ,fan1 which is of extra large size1 is conveniently placed under the ,gauge ,box and ,condenser ,section4 ,the ,gauge ,box has glass panels on the two sides and front1 so that the cotton can be seen and the feed regulated4 ,,beaters--,although the cuts show ,single ,beater machines1 we build them with two ,beaters if required or with one ,cylinder and one ,beater4 ,,improved ,,calender ,,head--,our ,lappers have many valuable special features1 including our improved ,calender ,head1 which allows the machine to be stopped by the ,drop ,handle without breaking the lap4 ,when the lap is of the required length and the machine knocks off1 the large ,lap ,rolls as well as the ,calender ,rolls1 ,feed ,apron and ,cages stop1 and the lap is not broken4 ,if the lap continues to revolve after the machine has knocked off1 it becomes sticky and there is likely to be trouble from split laps back of the ,cards4 ,our arrangement prevents this and also enables the machine to be stopped at any time during the formation of a lap without breaking the lap4 #bf ,illustration ,,feed ,,rolls1 ,,top ,,cage ,,and ,,cover ,showing ,bushed ,bearings and ,easy ,method of ,removing the ,top ,cage #bg ,,gears ,,easily ,,removed--,all the large gears are fastened by an improved method4 ,instead of driving them onto keys1 which makes their removal difficult1 we use with each large gear a square key let into the shaft1 and two set screws4 ,the gears fit the keys1 but not tightly enough to prevent their easy removal after loosening the set screws4 ,illustration ,,clutch ,,gears--,the ,calender ,rolls are stopped and started by large ,clutch ,gears which are a great improvement over the common ,drop ,shaft and ,gear4 ,with this method the starting strain is distributed over all the teeth in the ,clutch ,gears1 entirely doing away with the frequent breakages under the old system4 ,,bearings--,where it is possible the bearings are made in bush form1 as shown in cut page #bf1 thus reducing to a minimum the time taken to make replacements and the cost of same4 ,our bearings are very easy to adjust1 and their special form prevents oil from getting to the inside of the machine4 ,all high speed ,shafts1 viz41 ,fan1 ,side and ,beater ,shafts1 have ring oiling bearings4 #bh ,illustration #bi ,,top ,,cages ,,and ,,covers--,the ,top ,cages of our ,lappers are easily removed1 as will be seen by referring to the cut1 page #bf4 ,the sides of the cage cover or bonnet fit snugly over the bushed bearings4 ,to remove the cage or bushings1 it is only necessary to turn back the cover4 ,these covers are all made with oil holes directly over the bearing1 so it is not necessary to raise the cover for the purpose of oiling4 ,,no ,,tilting ,,of ,,lap ,,racks--,the ,lap ,racks slide up and down on steel shafts1 which entirely prevent the tilting of the ,racks and consequent breakages4 ,,shafts--,our ,beater and ,fan shafts are made from a very hard iron specially mixed to give long life to these high speed shafts4 ,a countershaft complete with pulleys is attached to each ,lapper4 ,,driving ,,pulleys--,one-beater ,breaker ,lappers #af in4 dia41 #d-a_/d in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,two-beater ,breaker ,lappers or ,one-beater ,breaker ,lappers with extra ,cage ,section or ,condenser and ,gauge ,box ,section #af in4 dia41 #e-a_/d in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,in combinations which have #c beaters to be driven from one countershaft of machine1 #af in4 dia41 #f-a_/d in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,other sizes can be furnished4 ,,speeds--,the usual speed of all lapper countershafts is #dce revs4 per minute1 which gives #a1dej revs4 per minute of the ,beaters1 and #eej revs4 per minute of ,cylinders1 for ordinary cotton4 ,for long staple cottons the beater speed is reduced to #hjj to #a1jej revs4 per minute and the ,cylinder speed to #cjj to #dej revs4 per minute4 ,,production--,on ordinary cotton #ae1jjj to #bj1jjj lbs4 per week of #fj hours4 ,in some cases the production is far in excess of these figures4 ,for long staple cottons1 #aj1jjj to #ae1jjj lbs4 ,see production table1 page #cf4 ,,floor ,,plans ,,and ,,elevations-,see pages #ed to #eg4 ,these plans are for #dj-;in4 or #da-;in4 machines1 and #de-;in4 machines are #d in4 wider4 #cj ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,and ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper #ca ,,combination ,,machines4 ,on the opposite page is shown a ,self-feeding ,opener with #cj-;in4 ,cylinder combined with a ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper4 ,this is a very popular combination and1 it will be noted1 is built as one straight machine4 ,a floor plan and elevation are shown on page #ed4 ,this same combination with an #ah-;in4 ,beater instead of the #cj-;in4 ,cylinder in the ,opener ,section is shown in plan and elevation on page #ee4 ,we also build a ,self-feeding ,opener with ,cage ,section and ,calender ,head1 which is well adapted to work ,egyptian and ,sea ,island cottons4 7,see page #ec for plan and elevation47 ,self-feeding ,openers when built as separate machines can be placed on any floor above or below the ,breaker ,lappers1 or on the same floor1 the connections being made by ,automatic ,cleaning ,trunks1 ,conducting ,trunks1 and galvanized iron pipe1 as the conditions may require4 ,on pages #ef and #eg we show ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lappers with ,gauge ,boxes and ,condensers connected to ,self-feeding ,openers by short sections of ,conducting ,trunk4 ,the ,breakers are on the floor above the ,openers4 ,one drawing shows the ,self-feeding ,opener with #ah-;in4 ,beater1 and the other with #cj-;in4 ,cylinder4 #cb ,illustration ,,single ,,beater ,,finisher ,,lapper #cc ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lappers4 ,these machines have our improved ,calender ,head1 which has already been described in connection with ,breaker ,lappers4 ,each machine has a countershaft and pulleys complete with stands as shown4 ,,beater ,,boxes--,all our beater boxes are fixed and our feed rolls adjustable1 which we consider superior to having the beaters adjustable4 ,after thorough investigation and long practice we have found that adjustable beaters are liable to get out of line1 causing them to heat and wear quickly4 ,,draft ,,regulation--,the air chamber from fan to cage section on each side of the machine is supplied with a damper1 operated from the outside of the machine4 ,with this arrangement the air can be drawn through the top and bottom cages in any desired proportion1 and the operator can regulate the drafts to give the best results4 ,,beaters--,two-blade 7#ah in4 dia47 beaters are mostly used1 but we furnish the ,houghton patent beater with corrugated teeth1 or carding beaters1 when specified4 ,,outside ,,handles ,,for ,,dust ,,doors--,we have recently added handles on the outside of the machine for dropping the cut-off board under the grids4 ,the dirt and leaf which collect on this board are liable to fill up the grids if not regularly removed4 ,the outside handles make the dropping of the cut-off boards very convenient and much reduce the liability of neglect on the part of the attendant4 ,,driving ,,pulleys ,one-beater machines1 #af in4 dia41 #d-a_/d in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,two-beater machines1 #af in4 dia41 #e-a_/d in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,other sizes can be furnished4 ,,speeds--,the usual speed of countershafts is #dce revs4 per minute1 which gives #a1dej revs4 of the two-blade beaters and #a1jfc revs4 of carding beaters4 ,for long staple cottons the beater speed is reduced to #hjj to #a1jej revs4 per minute4 ,,production--,on ordinary cotton #ab1jjj to #ae1jjj pounds per week of sixty hours4 ,these productions are often exceeded4 ,for long staple cottons1 #h1jjj to #aj1jjj pounds4 ,for production table1 see page #cg4 ,,floor ,,plans ,,and ,,elevations--,see page #eh for floor plan of #dj-;inch one-beater ,intermediate or ,finisher ,lapper4 #de-;inch machines are #d inches wider4 #cd ,illustration ,,improved ,,evener ,,for ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lappers #ce ,,improved ,,evener4 ,the obtaining of even laps is a matter of prime importance4 ,the demand for more perfect work has emphasized the need for better picking1 and for laps which are even not only in total weight1 but throughout4 ,our improved design fills the following essential qualifications of a good ,evener4 #ast--,sensitiveness and prompt action1 so that any variation in the weight passing under the ,evener ,plates will be taken care of immediately4 #b;d--,steadiness of running and action1 so that there is no tendency to hunt1 i4 e41 the cone belt will at once take its new position without traveling up and down4 #c;d--,simplicity and few moving parts4 #dth--,small amount of attention required4 ,the direct method of communicating any movement of the ,evener ,plates to the cone belt1 the multiplication of this movement and the short cones are features which help to secure sensitiveness and prompt action4 ,the small amount of lost motion between the ,evener ,plates and the cone belt1 and the free movement of the belt shipper rod1 which runs on rollers1 make the action positive and steady4 ,the cut on page #cd shows our ,evener and indicates the simplicity of same4 ,the number of moving parts has been reduced to a minimum4 ,the ,evener ,plates and feed roll give great cleaning capacity on account of the bite of the ,plates being close to the ,beater4 ,the ,evener ,plates are on top of a #c-;in4 dia4 steel feed roll1 which gives a very rigid support and ensures all the variation in the thickness of the cotton under the plates being communicated to the ,evener belt4 ,the cones are conveniently placed under the feeding apron1 and the lower cone runs in an adjustable cradle which allows the belt to be made endless and keeps it at an even tension at all times4 #cf ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,,production ,,in ,,pounds ,,per ,,ten ,,hours ,illustration ,,note--,ten per cent4 has been deducted in the above table for stops1 etc4 #a1dej revolutions per minute of beater4 #cg ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lapper4 ,,production ,,in ,,pounds ,,per ,,ten ,,hours ,illustration ,,note--,ten per cent4 has been deducted in the above table for stops1 etc4 #a1dej revolutions per minute of beater4 #ch ,illustration ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,cage ,,section4 ,,side ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #a #ci ,illustration ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,cage ,,section1 ,,side ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #dj ,illustration ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,cage ,,section ,,plan ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #da ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings4 ,a ,main ,driving ,pulley1 #af in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face2 #e-a_/d in4 face for ,two-beater ,machine4 ,a#a ,beater ,driving ,pulley1 #cj in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face4 ,b ,beater ,pulley1 #i in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d face 7occasionally #aj in4 dia47 ,b#a ,feed ,pulley1 #c in4 to #ac in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face2 advancing by #a_/b in4 increments4 ,b#b ,calender ,section ,fan ,driving ,pulley1 #f in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,b#c ,calender ,fan ,pulley1 #h in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,b#d ,cage ,section ,fan ,driving ,pulley1 #f in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d face for ,straight ,machine or direct connected ,opener and ,breaker ,lapper4 ,if with ,trunking ,connection1 ,b#d is #h in4 dia4 and ,b#e is #f in4 dia41 to give higher speed of ,fan4 ,b#e ,cage ,fan ,pulley1 #h in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face for ,straight ,machine or direct connected ,opener and ,breaker ,lapper4 ,if with ,trunking ,connection1 ,b#d is #h in4 dia4 and ,b#e is #f in4 dia41 to give higher speed of ,fan4 ,c ,driving ,pulley for ,bottom ,cross ,shaft1 etc41 #ah in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,c#a ,clutch ,driving ,gear1 #ae ,t4 ,d ,large ,clutch ,gear1 #ce ,t4 ,d#a ,small ,clutch ,gear1 or ,bottom ,shaft ,driving ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,e ,bottom ,cross ,shaft ,driven ,gear1 #if ,t4 ,e#a ,front ,lap ,calender ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #ab ,t4 ,e#b ,bottom ,cross ,shaft ,gear1 driving ,calender ,rolls and ,top ,cross ,shaft1 #ad ,t4 ,f ,large ,double ,intermediate1 driving ,top ,cross ,shaft1 #ej ,t4 ,f#a ,small ,double ,intermediate1 driving ,bottom ,calender ,roll1 #bg ,t4 ,f#b ,bottom ,calender ,roll1 #g in4 dia4 ,g ,top ,cross ,shaft ,gear1 #cj ,t4 ,g#a ,side ,shaft ,driving ,bevel ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,h ,side ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 ,calender ,end1 #bd ,t4 ,h#a ,side ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 ,feed ,end1 #bh ,t4 ,i ,compound ,intermediate ,bevel ,gear1 #bh ,t4 ,i#a ,compound ,intermediate ,gear1 driving ,bottom ,feed ,roll1 #cg ,t4 ,j ,bottom ,feed ,roll1 #b in4 dia4 #db ,j#a ,bottom ,feed ,roll ,gear1 #cc ,t4 ,j#b ,cage ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #i ,t42 #h ,t4 ,gear may be used to vary speed4 ,k ,cage ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #eb ,t4 ,l ,cage ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 ,m ,cage ,section ,bottom ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 ,m#a ,cage ,section ,bottom ,cage ,driving ,gear1 #bc ,t4 ,n ,cage ,section ,bottom ,cage ,intermediate ,gear1 #bj ,t4 ,o ,cage ,section ,bottom ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 ,o#a ,cage ,section ,top ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 ,p ,front ,lap ,calender ,roll1 #i in4 dia4 ,p#a ,front ,lap ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #ec ,t4 ,p#b ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,q ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #bb ,t4 ,r ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,r#a ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll1 #i in4 dia4 ,s #c;d ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #ba ,t4 ,s#a #c;d ,calender ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,t #b;d ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bb ,t4 ,t#a #b;d ,calender ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,u ,top ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bc ,t4 ,u#a ,top ,calender ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,v ,calender ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,v#a ,calender ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,w ,calender ,section ,top ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 ,x ,calender ,section ,bottom ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 ,x#a ,calender ,section ,bottom ,cage ,driving ,gear1 #bc ,t4 ,y ,calender ,section ,bottom ,cage ,intermediate ,gear1 #bj ,t4 ,z ,calender ,section ,bottom ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 ,z#a ,calender ,section ,top ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 #dc ,,breaker ,,lappers4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,illustration #dd ,illustration ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper4 ,,side ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #de ,illustration ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper4 ,,side ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #df ,illustration ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper ,,plan ,,view ,,of ,,gearing #dg ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lappers4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings4 ,a ,main ,driving ,pulley1 #af in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face2 #e-a_/d in4 face for ,two-beater ,machine4 ,a#a ,beater ,driving ,pulley1 #cj in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face1 for #ah-;in4 ,rigid ,beater2 #bb in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face for ,carding ,beater4 ,b ,beater ,pulley1 #i in4 dia4 x #d-a_/d in4 face 7occasionally #aj in4 dia47 ,b#a ,feed ,pulley1 #c in4 to #ac in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face2 advancing by #a_/b in4 increments4 ,b#b ,calender ,section ,fan ,driving ,pulley1 #f in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face for #ah-;in4 ,rigid ,beater1 and #h in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face for ,carding ,beater4 ,b#c ,calender ,fan ,pulley4 #h in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,c ,driving ,pulley for ,side ,shaft1 etc41 #ab in4 dia4 x #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,c#a ,evener ,cross ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 #bg ,t4 ,c#b ,evener ,cross ,shaft ,change ,gear1 #ee-ce ,t2 diminishing by one tooth4 ,d ,side ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 ,feed ,end1 #bg ,t4 ,d#a ,side ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 ,calender ,end1 #ah ,t4 ,e ,large ,clutch ,bevel ,gear1 #fj ,t4 ,e#a ,small ,clutch ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,f ,calender ,cross ,shaft ,driven ,gear1 #if ,t4 ,f#a ,front ,lap ,calender ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #ab ,t4 ,f#b ,calender ,cross ,shaft ,gear1 driving ,calender ,rolls1 #ad ,t4 ,g ,large ,double ,intermediate1 driving ,bottom ,calender ,roll1 #ej ,t4 ,g#a ,small ,double ,intermediate1 driving ,third ,calender ,roll #bg ,t4 ,g#b ,bottom ,calender ,roll1 #g in4 dia4 ,h #c;d ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #ba ,t4 ,h#a #c;d ,calendar ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,i #b;d ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bb ,t4 ,i#a #b;d ,calender ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,j ,top ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bc ,t4 ,j#a ,top ,calender ,roll1 #e-a_/b in4 dia4 ,k ,top ,stripping ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,k#a ,top ,stripping ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #ag ,t4 ,l ,top ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 #dh ,m ,bottom ,stripping ,roll ,gear1 #ad ,t4 ,m#a ,bottom ,cage ,driving ,gear1 #bc ,t4 ,n ,bottom ,cage ,intermediate ,gear1 #bj ,t4 ,o ,bottom ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 ,o#a ,top ,cage ,gear1 #aha ,t4 ,p ,bottom ,cone ,change ,gear1 #ce-ee ,t2 advancing by one tooth4 ,p#a ,bottom ,cone1 driving ,top ,cone4 ,letters also represent diameters near the middle of ,cones4 ,q ,top ,cone4 ,q#a ,worm ,shaft ,driving ,spiral ,gear1 #i ,t4 ,r ,worm ,shaft ,spiral ,gear1 #i ,t4 ,r#a ,worm ,shaft ,worm1 double threaded1 right hand2 equivalent to ,gear having two teeth4 ,s ,worm ,gear1 #gh ,t4 ,s#a ,feed ,roll and ,apron ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #ab ,t4 ,t ,feed ,roll1 #c in4 dia4 ,t#a ,feed ,roll ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,u ,apron ,roll ,gear1 #bi ,t4 ,v ,front ,lap ,calender ,roll1 #i in4 dia4 ,v#a ,front ,lap ,calendar ,roll ,gear1 #ec ,t4 ,v#b ,back ,lap ,calendar ,roll ,driving ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,w ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #bb ,t4 ,x ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #bd ,t4 ,x#a ,back ,lap ,calender ,roll1 #i in4 dia4 #di ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lappers4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,illustration #ej ,,production ,,calculations4 ,illustration ,,note--,with our latest gearing arrangement1 the number of teeth in ,knock-off ,worm ,gear corresponds to the number of yards in the lap4 #ea ,,intermediate ,,and ,,finisher ,,lappers4 ,,draft ,,table4 ,illustration #eb ,illustration ,,automatic ,,hopper ,,feeder #ec ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,with ,,cage ,,section ,,and ,,calender ,,head #ed ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,and ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper #ee ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#ah-;,,in4 ,,beater7 ,,and ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper #ef ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#ah-;,,in4 ,,beater7 ,,connected ,,by ,,trunking ,,to ,a ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser #eg ,illustration ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,connected ,,by ,,trunking ,,to ,a ,,single ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser #eh ,illustration ,,single ,,beater ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper #ei ,illustration ,,three-,,process ,,system ,,of ,,picking ,,with #bj ,,ft4 ,,of ,,automatic ,,cleaning ,,truck ,,also ,,conducting ,,trunk ,,between ,,opener ,,and ,,breaker #fj ,illustration #fa ,,revolving ,,flat ,,cards4 ,our ,cards are extensively used1 and have won for themselves a high reputation for the quality and quantity of work they will do1 the small percentage of waste made1 and their durability and simplicity4 ,,characteristics4 #a--,rigid ,bend1 mathematically correct at all stages of wear of the wire4 #b--,perfect concentricity of ,flats to ,cylinder4 ,cylinder ,pedestals are adjustable4 #c--;,arrangements for adjusting ,flats whereby accuracy to the thousandth part of an inch is obtained4 #d--;,better quality of yarn made from the same cotton1 or equally good yarn made from cheaper cotton4 #e--;,card ,clothing throughout is of best ,hardened and ,tempered ,steel ,wire1 ,plough ,ground or ,needle ,pointed4 #f--,patent ,doffer ,slow ,motion1 to facilitate piecing up of broken sliver4 #g--,patent method of securing ,clothing to the ,flats2 neatest1 cleanest and most effective4 #h--,patent ,top ,flat ,grinding ,arrangement for grinding from the working seating of the ,flats4 #i--,patent ,flat ,stripping ,motion1 which insures perfect stripping without damage to the ,clothing on the ,flats4 #aj--;,back ,bends or ,circles for supporting ,flats and preventing sagging and stretching of chains4 #fb ,illustration ,,flat ,,grinding ,,motion #fc ,the following paragraphs briefly describe some of the points of advantage in the design and construction of our machines3 ,,cylinders ,,and ,,doffers are carefully balanced at a high speed and are ground after being turned1 making a perfectly true surface for the ,card ,clothing4 ,,good ,,selvages--,both ,cylinders and ,doffers are clothed to the extreme edges1 which prevents ragged selvages4 ,,protection ,,of ,,clothing--,the ,doffers are provided with flanges to protect the ,clothing1 keep the edges firm and prevent the wire from being knocked down4 ,turned iron flanges on the ,bends1 and ,segment ,rings fixed to the inside of the lower part of the framing protect the edges of the ,cylinders all the way round4 ,the ,doffers are made #a_/h in4 wider than the ,cylinders in order to keep the edges of the latter clean4 ,,prevention ,,of ,,accumulation ,,of ,,fly--,the ,segment ,rings which are fitted close to the edges of the ,cylinder project in such a way as to form a circle two inches larger than the diameter of the ,cylinder4 ,the ,underscreens are attached to these ,segment ,rings1 and this arrangement makes it impossible for fly to collect inside the ,screens or about the edges of the ,cylinders and ,doffers4 ,,electrical ,,tests--,all ,bends and ,flats are tested at our works by special electrical apparatus1 and this method of testing gives greater accuracy than can be obtained in any other way4 ,more accurate ,bends and ,flats make closer settings possible4 ,,percentage ,,and ,,all ,,casing-,,off ,,plates are made of steel1 polished inside and out1 and bent to conform to the surface of the cylinder4 ,each plate is set by gauge to the ,cylinder1 and the closing up of all air spaces makes the accumulation of fly and cloudy carding impossible4 ,,adjustments--,convenient adjusting arrangements with setting screws and lock nuts are provided for the ,knife ,plates1 ,doffers and ,licker-ins4 ,these are all on the outside of the machine and are accessible and easily adjusted4 #fd ,illustration #fe ,,licker-,,in ,,shields--,to prevent the accumulation of fly around the bearings and pedestals and the climbing of oil over the ends of the ,licker-in onto the clothing1 we supply stationary shields at each end4 ,,underscreens ,,and ,,feed ,,plates--,our ,underscreens are specially heavy and well constructed1 and our ,feed ,plates are very carefully finished and fitted4 ,we supply special ,underscreens and ,feed ,plates for long staple cotton4 ,illustration ,,adjustable ,,cylinder ,,pedestals--,the bearings for the ,cylinders are made of phosphor bronze and the pedestals are adjustable either vertically or horizontally4 ,this is a very important point1 because the concentricity of the ,cylinder with the ,bends can be maintained as the bearings wear4 ,the construction of our ,card side is such that a very rigid support is given to the pedestals4 ,,flat ,,release--,this is a very simple and convenient attachment to the ,flat ,driving ,arrangement1 which makes one of the worm gears loose on its shaft and enables the ,flats to be easily turned by hand with a suitable wrench4 ,,conical ,,bushings--,the ,cylinders are fastened onto the shafts by means of split conical bushings which are forced into place and prevent any possibility of the ,cylinders working loose4 #ff ,illustration ,,sectional ,,view ,,plan ,,view ,,patent ,,setting ,,arrangement ,,for ,,flats #fg ,,patent ,,setting ,,arrangement ,,for ,,flats4 ,the cuts on page #ff are sectional and plan views of this arrangement4 ,a--,index ,nut which bears against outside of ,rigid ,bend ,d4 ,b--,setting ,key with fluted teeth1 which gear into the teeth on ,nut ,c4 ,c--,toothed ,steel ,nut which bears against the inside of ,rigid ,bend ,d4 ,d--,rigid ,conical ,bend which is moved in or out4 ,e--,flexible ,conical ,bend which rests on ,d and carries the ,flats4 ,as the ,index ,nuts ,a and the ,toothed ,nuts ,c are turned one way or the other1 they move the ,rigid ,bend ,d in or out1 and thus raise or lower the ,flexible ,bend ,e4 ,the ,flats rest on the ,flexible ,bend ,e and are raised or lowered with it4 ,each division on the ,index ,nuts ,a represents #a_/ajjj part of an inch1 and by turning these ,nuts one division1 the ,flats are raised or lowered to this extent4 ,our ,patent ,conical ,concentric ,bends have five setting points on each side of the machine4 ,the ,bends and ,flats can be kept perfectly concentric with the ,cylinder at every point until the ,clothing is worn out4 ,no other arrangement has secured such accuracy nor has any adjustment yet been invented which approaches this one for reliability and simplicity4 ,when the ,flats are once set they remain set1 and cannot be tampered with4 ,special wrenches are required for turning the ,index ,nuts ,a and ,lock ,nuts ,c1 and if these wrenches are kept by the one who has charge of the settings1 no unauthorized person can change same4 ,close accurate settings enable our ,card to do the finest quality of work and at the same time give the maximum production4 #fh ,,williams ,,patent ,,stripping ,,motion4 ,illustration ,this ,motion enables the ,card to do better work and increases the life of the ,flat clothing4 ,perfect ,flat ,stripping can only be obtained with a ,motion which keeps the ,comb at an even and fixed distance from the wire clothing at all points over the entire width of the ,flat4 ,the ,williams ,patent ,stripping ,motion1 for which we hold sole rights for ,america1 meets this essential requirement and therefore does what no other ,motion has succeeded in doing4 ,in the old system1 the ,comb is kept at a fixed distance from the framing of the machine1 which is correct as long as there is no variation in the position of the ,flats as they pass under the ,comb4 ,in practice1 it is impossible to #fi prevent a certain amount of tilting or raising of the ,flats1 due to the wearing of the chains and sprockets and also to dirt getting under the ,flats4 ,with the ,williams system the stripping is perfectly done no matter what the tilting may be1 and even if the ,flats are forced away from their true position through any cause1 the ,comb follows the ,flat and maintains its distance4 ,there is no comb which will not catch and damage the wire if the setting becomes too close on account of the clearance not being kept uniform4 ,in the ,williams ,stripping ,motion the ,comb stock is mounted at each end in bearings which slide in guides away from or toward the ,flats4 ,the accurate setting of the ,comb is maintained by means of shoes which press against the working seatings of the ,flats and govern the position of the sliding ,comb stock bearings4 ,the shoes have adjusting screws to regulate the setting of the ,comb1 and the shape of the shoes is such as to allow for the heel of the flat4 ,the sliding bearings of the ,comb stock are pressed inward by springs which keep the shoes against the working seatings of the ,flat4 ,the ,comb blade is given a receding motion which effectually strips all impurities from the wire4 ,this action1 together with the fact that it is impossible for the wire on the ,flats to be forced into the ,comb through the accumulation of dirt or fly on the blocks or ,flat seatings1 makes this ,stripping ,motion the most perfect on the market4 #gj ,illustration ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card #ga ,,standard ,,dimensions4 ,cylinder1 #ej in4 dia4 on iron4 ,doffer1 #bf in4 dia4 on iron4 ,licker-in1 #i in4 dia41 clothed with inserted metallic ,saw ,teeth4 #aaj ,flats1 #dc of which are working on the ,cylinder at the same time4 ,,hand ,,of ,,machine--,cards are usually built ,right ,hand1 i4 e41 with driving pulleys on right hand side when facing feed or lap4 ,left hand machines are built when specified4 ,,driving ,,pulleys--#bj in4 dia41 #c-a_/h in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,,speed--,cylinder1 #afj to #agj r4 p4 m41 usually #afe r4 p4 m4 ,,production--,this is determined by the quality of carding required and the kind and grade of cotton used1 and varies largely4 ,american #fjj to #a1bjj lbs4 in #fj hours4 ,egyptian #djj to #fej lbs4 in #fj hours4 ,sea ,island #bjj to #djj lbs4 in #fj hours4 ,peeler #cjj to #fjj lbs4 in #fj hours4 ,,floor ,,space4 ,length of ,card over all 7#aj-;in4 coiler7 #aj ft4 #d in4 ,length of ,card over all 7#ab-;in4 coiler7 #aj ft4 #e in4 ,width of ,card1 #dj in4 wide on wire 7#dj in4 to #da in4 lap7 #e ft4 #f in4 ,width of ,card1 #de in4 wide on wire 7#de in4 to #df in4 lap7 #e ft4 #aa in4 ,see page #gb for floor plan4 #gb ,illustration ,,plan ,,of ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card #gc ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawing4 ,a ,feed ,roll1 #b-a_/d in4 dia4 ,a#a ,feed ,roll ,spur ,gear1 #ag ,teeth4 ,a#b ,large ,plate ,bevel ,gear1 usually #abj ,teeth4 ,b ,draft ,change ,gear1 #aj to #cj ,teeth ,b#a ,side ,shaft ,bevel ,gear1 #bb ,teeth 7or #cd74 ,c ,doffer ,bevel ,gear #bb ,teeth 7or #bd74 ,c#a ,grinding ,pulley1 #aa in4 dia41 #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,c#b ,doffer ,gear1 #ahj ,teeth4 ,d ,disengaging ,intermediate ,gear1 #ea ,teeth4 ,e ,calender ,intermediate ,gear1 #ea ,teeth4 ,f ,calender ,change ,gear1 #ah or #ai ,teeth4 ,f#a ,bottom ,calender1 #b-g_/h in4 dia4 ,f#b ,coiler ,driving ,gear1 #bd or #be ,teeth4 ,g ,coiler ,change ,gear1 #af ,teeth4 ,g#a ,coiler ,driving ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,h#a ,coiler ,top ,upright ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,i ,coiler ,calender ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,i#a #ast ,coiler ,calender ,spur ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,i#b #ast ,coiler ,calender1 #b in4 dia4 ,j #bnd ,coiler ,calender1 #b in4 dia4 ,j#a #bnd ,coiler ,calender ,spur ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,n ,driving ,pulley1 #bj in4 dia41 #c-a_/h in4 face2 ,band ,pulley1 #ba-c_/d in4 dia4 ,n#a ,licker-in ,driving ,pulley1 #ai in4 dia41 #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,n#b ,flat ,driving ,pulley1 #f-a_/b in4 dia41 #c-a_/d in4 face4 ,n#c ,comb ,driving ,band ,pulley1 #bb in4 dia4 for #e_/af in4 dia4 band4 ,o ,licker-in ,driven ,pulley1 #g in4 dia41 #b-a_/d in4 face4 ,o#a ,barrow ,gear ,driving ,pulley1 #f in4 dia41 #b-a_/h in4 face4 ,p ,barrow ,gear ,driven ,pulley1 #i in4 dia41 #a-a_/b in4 face4 ,p#a ,barrow ,spur ,gear1 usually #bf ,teeth1 also #bd and #bh ,teeth4 ,q ,doffer ,lever ,intermediate ,gear1 #ajd ,teeth4 ,q#a ,doffer ,change ,gear1 #ag to #dj ,teeth4 ,r #ast ,lap ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #dj ,teeth4 ,s #bnd ,lap ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #dj ,teeth4 ,t ,lap ,roll ,gear1 #dh ,teeth4 ,t#a ,lap ,roll1 #f in4 dia4 ,u ,double ,band ,intermediate ,pulley for ,comb #i-c_/h in4 dia4 ,u#a ,double ,band ,intermediate ,pulley for ,comb #f in4 dia4 ,v ,comb ,box ,pulley #c-c_/h in4 dia4 ,v#a ,comb ,box ,pulley #d-a_/h in4 dia4 ,w ,doffer ,comb4 #gd ,illustration ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,,diagram ,,of ,,card ,,coiler ,,gearing ,f#b ,coil ,driving ,gear2 #bd ,teeth for #aj-;in4 ,coiler1 #be ,teeth for #ab-;in4 ,coiler4 ,f#c ,top ,calender ,driving ,gear1 #bc ,teeth4 ,g ,coiler ,change ,gear1 #af ,teeth4 ,g#a ,coiler ,driving ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,h ,coiler ,middle ,upright ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,h#a ,coiler ,top ,upright ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,h#b ,tube ,gear ,driving ,gear1 #be ,teeth4 ,h#c ,upright ,shaft ,can ,bottom ,driving ,gear4 #ae ,teeth4 ,h#d ,coiler ,double ,intermediate ,gears1 #dd ,teeth4 ,h#e ,coiler ,double ,intermediate ,gears1 #ae ,teeth4 ,i ,coiler ,calender ,bevel ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,i#a #ast ,coiler ,calender ,spur ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,i#b #ast ,coiler ,calender1 #b in4 dia4 ,k ,coiler ,double ,intermediate ,gears1 #dd ,teeth4 ,k#a ,coiler ,double ,intermediate ,gears1 #ae ,teeth4 ,l ,tube ,gear1 #ge ,teeth for #aj-;in4 ,coiler1 #ih ,teeth for #ab-;in4 ,coiler4 ,l#a ,can ,bottom ,intermediate ,gear2 #ag ,teeth for #aj-;in4 ,coiler2 #bb ,teeth for #ab-;in4 ,coiler4 ,l#b ,can ,bottom ,gear1 #hd ,teeth4 ,m ,top ,calender ,gear1 #cd ,teeth4 ,m#a ,top ,calender1 #d-a_/d in4 dia4 #ge ,,revolving ,,flat ,,cards4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,illustration #gf ,illustration #gg ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,,doffer ,,change ,,gear ,,table4 ,illustration ,,note ,licker-in ,driving ,pulley1 #ai in4 dia4 ,licker-in ,driven ,pulley1 #g in4 dia4 ,barrow ,gear ,driving ,pulley4 #f in4 dia4 ,barrow ,gear ,driven ,pulley1 #i in4 dia4 ,doffer ,lever ,intermediate ,gear1 #ajd ,teeth4 ,doffer ,gear1 #ahj ,teeth4 #gh ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--#e per cent4 has been deducted in the above table for cleaning1 stripping4 etc4 #gi ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,,draft ,,table4 ,illustration ,,note--,the draft is figured between the #f in4 dia4 ,lap ,roll and #b in4 dia4 ,coiler ,calender ,rolls4 ,,decimal ,,equivalents4 ,illustration #hj ,,card ,,clothing4 ,the ,english system of numbering ,card ,clothing is now generally used by ,cotton ,mills4 ,we give below the numbers and points per square foot3 ,numbers ,pts4 per ,square ,foot #hjs #eg1fjj #ijs #fd1hjj #ajjs #gb1jjj #aajs #gi1bjj #abjs #hf1djj #acjs #ic1fjj ,the following numbers are generally used for ,cylinders3 ,coarse1 heavy work1 #hjs and #ijs2 medium to fine work1 #ajjs and #aajs2 fine work1 #abjs and #acjs4 ,doffers are usually #aj numbers higher or finer than ,cylinders4 ,there is considerable variation in the ,clothing used for ,tops4 ,some prefer thinner set than the ,cylinders1 others about the same as the ,cylinders1 and a few the same numbers as the ,doffers4 #ha #hb ,illustration #hc ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,the ,howard ,bullough ,patent ,electric ,stop ,motion ,drawing ,frame has proved one of the most successful machines ever invented1 and there are large numbers of deliveries at work in every ,cotton ,spinning country4 ,we build both ,electric and ,mechanical ,stop ,motion ,frames1 but the great majority of our orders are for machines with ,electric ,stop ,motions4 ,the quality of sliver produced by these machines cannot be surpassed2 a great saving in waste single and roller laps is effected1 and production is increased4 ,machines stop3 #ast--,when sliver breaks at back or a can runs out4 #b;d--,when top or bottom front roll laps up4 #c;d--,when sliver breaks in front4 #dth--,when cans are full4 #eth--,when back electric roll or clearer laps up4 ,on account of the positive and quick action of the ,electric ,stop ,motions1 machines can be run at a much higher speed1 in case of necessity1 than ,mechanical ,stop ,motion ,frames4 ,the tops of ,electric ,stop ,motion ,frames1 being free from the many small parts and projections which are a necessity on ,mechanical ,stop ,motion ,frames1 are much more easily kept clean1 and fly is not carried into the sliver1 besides which a great many delicate and troublesome ,mechanical ,stop ,motion parts are done away with4 #hd ,illustration #he ,,framing ,,and ,,construction--,the machines are built with low1 rigid framing4 ,can tables set into or on top of the floor4 ,,bottom ,,fluted ,,rolls are made in one length and are irregularly fluted so as to prevent cutting of top rolls4 ,the usual diameters are #a-c_/h in4 front1 #a-a_/h in4 second1 third and fourth lines4 ,,top ,,rolls are usually #a in4 dia4 on iron4 ,the front line can have ,loose ,boss or ,loose ,ends2 the latter are now in extensive use and are generally preferred4 ,,roller ,,stands are made with separate adjustable slides or bearings1 so arranged that the top and bottom rolls move together when setting for different lengths of staple4 ,the ,roller ,stands and ,slides have brasses cast in them for roller bearings4 ,,calender ,,rolls are made of steel1 turned1 ground and polished4 ,,draft ,,gearing--,all ,draft and ,roller ,gears are cut4 ,changes of ,draft are very easily made1 and the gearing is well protected with polished covers4 ,,coilers are made for cans #cf ins4 long1 #i1 #aj1 #aa or #ab ins4 dia4 as required4 ,,tension--,our fine pitch gearing for the take-up of the sliver between the fluted rolls and the ,calender rolls enables a nice adjustment to be made for either ordinary or metallic rolls1 and reduces the stretching1 sagging and breakage of the sliver1 preventing stoppage and waste4 ,,trumpets--,these are made separate from the calender plates and can easily be taken out4 ,this method is an advantage over the old style1 as trumpets wear in time and when worn do not sufficiently condense the sliver4 ,with this system they can easily be replaced4 ,,back ,,guides for both ,electric and ,mechanical ,stop ,motion ,frames are designed so as to separate the slivers and keep kinks from going into the rolls1 thus preventing lumpy and uneven work4 #hf ,illustration ,,front ,,view ,,of ,,drawing ,,frame ,,with ,,cans ,,removed #hg ,,clearers--,both top and bottom rolls have ,clearers4 ,we apply a patented and very successful ,clearer to the ,calender rolls which prevents fly from sticking to them and being carried in to the sliver4 ,,weight ,,relieving ,,motion--,this is applied to all frames for taking the pressure off the rolls when the frames are stopped4 ,all rolls are weighted separately4 ,usual weights are #bj lbs4 front line2 #ah lbs4 second line2 #af lbs4 third line2 #ad lbs4 fourth line4 ,,traverse ,,motion is applied to all frames with leather covered top rolls4 ,,metallic ,,top ,,and ,,bottom ,,rolls--,the front bottom roll is usually #a-c_/h in4 dia41 and the other three lines of bottom rolls as well as the top rolls1 all #a-a_/h in4 dia4 ,front and second lines are usually #cb pitch2 third line #bd pitch and back line #af pitch4 ,the top rolls have ,loose ,ends4 ,weights usually #ad lbs4 on all lines4 ,,ermen ,,top ,,clearers--,the cloth of these ,clearers revolves over #b rolls 7one of which is positively driven7 and comes in contact with all the top rolls4 ,this revolving clearer is placed inside of our top clearer cover1 and is stripped by a ,comb through an opening in the top of the cover4 ,this clearer meets with great favor in fine mills1 where combed long staple cotton is worked4 ,,driving ,,pulley ,,and ,,speed--,the ,driving ,pulley on the ,bottom ,shaft is usually #af in4 dia41 #c in4 or #d in4 face and can be placed at either end of the frame4 ,the usual speed of this shaft is #bej r4 p4 m41 which gives a calculated speed of #cfc r4 p4 m4 of ,front ,roll4 ,one rev4 of shaft equals #a-e_/aa of ,front ,roll4 #hh ,,floor ,,plans ,,of ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,illustration #hi ,illustration #ij ,,lengths ,,of ,,drawing ,,frames1 #af-;,,in4 ,,gauge4 ,illustration ,above lengths are over all1 including ,driving ,pulley4 ,for widths1 see ,floor ,plans1 pages #hh and #hi ,drawing ,frames are usually made with #d1 #e or #f deliveries per head or table1 and #b1 #c or #d heads per frame1 but can be made with more or less deliveries per head1 and more or less heads per frame4 #ia ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--,in the above table #bj per cent4 has been deducted for stops1 cleaning1 etc4 #ib ,illustration ,,draft ,,gearing ,,for ,,drawing ,,frames #ic ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,diagram4 ,a ,electric ,roll ,gear1 #bd ,teeth for ,common ,rolls1 #bj ,teeth for ,metallic ,rolls4 ,b ,off ,end ,back ,roll ,gear4 #bd ,teeth for ,common ,rolls1 #bi ,teeth for ,metallic ,rolls4 99,c ,small ,double ,intermediate1 driving #c;d ,roll4 ,d ,large ,double ,intermediate1 driving #c;d ,roll1 #dj ,teeth for ,common ,rolls1 #cf ,teeth for ,metallic ,rolls4 ,e ,off ,end #c;d ,roll ,gear1 #bd ,teeth4 99,f ,off ,end #b;d ,roll ,gear4 99,g ,small ,double ,intermediate1 driving #b;d ,roll4 99,h ,large ,double ,intermediate1 driving #b;d ,roll4 ,i ,off ,end ,front ,roll ,gear1 #bj ,teeth4 ,j ,back ,roll ,gear1 #de to #hj ,teeth4 ,k ,draft ,change ,gear1 #de to #gj ,teeth4 99,l ,crown ,gear4 99,m ,front ,roll ,gear4 ,n ,front ,roll ,calender ,driving ,gear1 #af ,teeth for ,common ,rolls1 #ai ,teeth for ,metallic ,rolls4 ,o and ,p ,double ,intermediate ,gear1 #eb and #ia ,teeth for #aj-;in4 ,coiler1 #fb and #ajh ,teeth for #ab-;in4 ,coiler4 ,q ,calender ,roll ,gear1 #eh1 #ei1 #fj ,teeth for ,common ,rolls1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed ,teeth for ,metallic ,rolls4 ,r ,coiler ,horizontal ,shaft ,gear1 #ba to #bf ,teeth 7driven by ,o through ,carrier ,gear74 ,s ,tube ,wheel1 #ge ,teeth for #aj-;in4 ,coiler1 #ih ,teeth for #abb in4 ,coiler4 ,t ,coiler ,vertical ,shaft1 ,top ,bevel ,gear1 #cb ,teeth for #aj in4 ,coiler1 #cg ,teeth for #ab-;in4 ,coiler4 ,,note--,for teeth on gears marked 99 refer to table on page #if4 #id ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,illustration ,the above figures are for ,total ,draft up to and including the #c-;in4 dia4 ,calender ,rolls4 ,when ,graduated ,pitch ,metallic ,rolls are used1 and it is desired to figure drafts between them1 the following equivalents are approximately correct3 #a-c_/h-;in4 dia4 ,roll1 #cb pitch1 taken as #aa_/f-;in4 or #a4hc-;in4 dia4 #a-a_/d-;in4 dia4 ,roll1 #cb pitch1 taken as #aj_/f-;in4 or #a4fg-;in4 dia4 #a-a_/h-;in4 dia4 ,roll1 #cb pitch1 taken as #i_/f-;in4 or #a4ej-;in4 dia4 #a-;in4 dia4 ,roll1 #cb pitch1 taken as #h_/f-;in4 or #a4cc-;in4 dia4 #a-a_/h-;in4 dia4 ,roll1 #af pitch1 taken as #aj_/f-;in4 or #a4 #fg-;in4 dia4 #a-;in dia4 ,roll1 #af pitch1 taken as #i_/f-;in4 or #a4ej-;in4 dia4 #ie ,,production ,,calculations ,illustration ,the greater production with ,metallic ,rolls over ,common ,rolls for a given number of revs4 is due to the meshing of the flutes1 which increases the effective circum4 of the rolls about #cc per cent4 ,this accounts for the difference in the gears driving the ,calender ,rolls4 ,short rules for production in #aj hours based on #bj per cent4 allowance for stops1 etc41 and #a-c_/h in4 dia4 front bottom roll4 ,common ,rolls--4#heb x ,r4 ,p4 ,m4 of ,front ,roll x ,wt4 of ,sliver in grains ,lbs4 in #aj hours4 ,metallic ,rolls--#a4abf x ,r4 ,p4 ,m4 of ,front ,roll x ,wt4 of ,sliver in grains ,lbs4 in #aj hours4 #if ,,drawing ,,frames4 ,,gearing ,,combinations1 ,,draft ,,constants ,,and ,,drafts ,,for ,,machines ,,with #a-c_/h-;,,in4 ,,front ,,roll4 ,illustration ,the above constant and drafts are figured up to and including the #c-;in4 ,calender ,rolls4 ,draft ,gear ,k is the usual change gear4 ,when making extreme draft changes the best results will be obtained by following the above arrangements of gearing4 #ig ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,card ,,or ,,drawing ,,slivers4 ,illustration #h4ccc_/,wt4 in grains of #a yd4 of ,sliver ,hank4 #h4ccc_/;,hank ,wt4 in grains of #a yd4 of ,sliver4 #ajj_/,wt4 in grains of #ab yds4 of ,sliver ,hank4 ,refer to ,table of ,dividends1 page #bcc4 #ih ,illustration ,,section ,,of ,,drawing ,,frame ,,showing ,,electric ,,stop ,,motions #ii ,,explanation ,,of ,,electric ,,stop ,,motions4 ,our improved ,magneto or ,dynamo for producing current to operate the ,stop ,motions is designed on the ,induction principle1 so that the current is generated in the stationary winding1 and no brushes or collectors are needed4 ,this type of machine is very simple1 requires little attention1 and gives a steady current1 no matter how much dirt1 lint or oil collects on same4 ,the ,drawing ,frame is divided into two parts by means of insulations 7indicated by the solid black portions of cut on opposite page74 ,one part1 shown with double cross lines1 is connected to the ,magneto through the down-rod ,a1 and the other part through the down-rod ,b4 ,it will be seen that in the case of each ,stop ,motion the parts are kept from touching each other by cotton passing between them 7cotton being a non-conductor of electricity7 or are brought into contact with each other by rollers lapping up or by the pressure of the cotton in the full cans4 ,the machine stops when the electric circuit is completed1 allowing the current to flow through ,magnet ,t1 which attracts finger ,u into engagement with ,revolving ,clutch ,v1 and by a mechanical arrangement shifts the belt on to the loose pulley4 ,as the frame stops1 the part ,x forces the finger ,u away from the ,clutch1 and the current is broken by the piece ,y which moves out of contact with the spring ,z4 ,when the frame is running1 ,y is in contact with both the springs ,z and ,j4 ,as the machine stops1 the movement of ,y takes it out of contact with ,z1 but ,j should always press against ,y4 #ajj ,,stop ,,motion ,no4 #a--;,c is the top electric roll which rests in ,cap ,bar ,d1 and ,e is the bottom electric roll4 ,as long as the sliver remains between the rolls they are kept apart and there is no circuit4 ,when the sliver breaks or a can runs out the rolls come together and the frame knocks off4 ,,stop ,,motion ,no4#b--,the ,top ,clearer ,cover ,h has a screw ,k on the under side4 ,if the cotton laps around the top or bottom front roll1 the top roll is lifted and comes in contact with screw ,k1 which completes the circuit and the machine stops4 ,,stop ,,motion ,no4 #c--,the cotton sliver prevents the calender rolls ,l and ,m from touching each other4 ,if the sliver breaks1 the rolls touch and the machine stops instantly4 ,,stop ,,motion ,no4 #d--,when the cans at the front are full and cotton presses against the coiler top ,n1 it is lifted into contact with the spring ,o1 and the circuit is completed1 stopping the machine4 ,,stop ,,motion ,no4#e--,the ,underclearer ,p presses against the bottom electric roll ,e4 ,in case the cotton laps around ,e or ,p1 the screw ,q is lifted and touches the ,back ,plate ,g1 completes the circuit and the frame knocks off4 #aja #ajb ,illustration ,,slubbing ,,frame 7,,right ,,hand7 #ajc ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,these frames are so well known to the users of ,cotton ,machinery that no general description is necessary4 ,they have extra heavy framing1 are made entirely by special tools1 and all parts are exact duplicates4 ,they are of superior construction and finish1 and will stand the highest speeds without vibration or breakage4 ,they contain many valuable patented improvements1 some of which are described below4 ,,patent ,,swing--,well supported and with one 7large7 ,carrier ,gear only4 ,,improved ,,differential ,,motion--,this motion effects a great saving in power1 wear and tear1 and gives more accurate winding and consequently evener and better work4 ,see page #ajf4 ,,improved ,,lay ,,gearing dispenses with all bevel change gears1 gives two change places instead of one1 is simple and convenient1 and allows free access to the main gearing4 ,see page #aji4 ,,improved ,,method ,,of ,,lifting ,,and ,,lowering ,,bottom ,,cone ,,drum--,both ends of the cone are raised or lowered together from the front of the machine4 ,the belt is kept at a uniform tension from one end of the cone to the other4 ,a patent locking device secures the cone in its proper working position1 after doffing1 preventing all movement or vibration4 ,,improved ,,method ,,of ,,tightening ,,the ,,cone ,,belt does away with frequent taking-up4 ,when slack1 the belt may be tightened in a few moments by means of a ,quadrant ,bracket4 ,over #e in4 of stretch can be taken care of without re-piecing4 ,a great saving is effected in labor1 stoppages and cone belts4 ,,winding ,,back ,,the ,,rack ,,and ,,cone ,,belt is done from the front of the machine4 ,,improved ,,system ,,of ,,balancing ,,the ,,top ,,or ,,bobbin ,,rail--,this rail1 with its gearing1 collars1 bobbins1 etc41 is now supported under its center of gravity by a set of levers1 thus relieving the slides and racks of this weight4 ,this system prevents friction and wear of slides1 also the tendency to dwell at the changes of the traverse both top and bottom4 #ajd ,illustration ,,roving ,,frame 7,,right ,,hand7 #aje ,if slides wear1 the ,long ,collars tilt forward1 the top rail1 spindles1 bobbins and flyers vibrate1 causing bad work and loss of production4 ,this is prevented by our improved system4 ,,patent ,,reversing ,,and ,,let-,,off ,,motion entirely prevents the roving running over the ends on the changes4 ,the speed of the bobbin changes simultaneously with the reversal of the lifting rail and thus overcomes the liability of stretching the roving4 ,,full ,,bobbin ,,stop ,,motion is very effective in its action and prevents overfilling the bobbins4 ,the frame cannot be started after the completion of a set until doffed and the rack has been wound back4 ,,improved ,,top ,,clearers--,these are made of polished steel1 very light and easy to clean4 ,the hinging is so arranged that any clearer can be easily removed4 ,,long ,,collars ,,or ,,bolsters are fastened in a vertical position by an improved method which prevents their working loose4 ,they are bored throughout their entire length1 thus reducing the liability of dirt accumulating inside and causing the spindles to bind4 ,,patent ,,recessed ,,self-,,lubricating ,,spindle ,,foot--,this has proved one of the most successful inventions1 and is in extensive use4 ,it ensures constant lubrication1 prevents wear1 and is easily kept clean4 ,,bearings ,,inlaid ,,with ,,brass--,all ,bobbin and ,spindle ,shaft ,bearings1 ,roller ,stands and ,slides are inlaid with brass4 ,illustration ,,driving ,,ends ,,of ,,bobbin ,,and ,,spindle ,,shafts are case hardened and are in short lengths1 so that they can be easily taken out even when frames are placed end to end with narrow passages between them4 ,this is a great convenience1 as it avoids the necessity of having to remove a great many shaft gears4 ,the shafts can be lifted out with the gears on them4 ,,automatic ,,panel ,,locking ,,arrangement prevents the frame from being started if any of the gearing end panels are not in place4 #ajf ,illustration ,,differential ,,motion #ajg ,,improved ,,differential ,,motion4 ,all the gears on the ,jack ,shaft revolve in the same direction as the shaft itself4 ,this reduces considerably the work the cone belt has to do1 saves power1 and gives more accurate winding and evener and better work4 ,a#a 7#dj teeth7 drives the ,spindle ,shafts and ,s#a 7#ej teeth7 drives the ,bobbin ,shafts4 ,the gears on the ,spindle and ,bobbin ,shafts are alike1 i4 e41 they have the same number of teeth4 ,as the cut shows the number of teeth in all the gears of the ,differential1 it will readily be seen that if ,q and ,q#a are held stationary1 the speed of ,s#a will be retarded #a rev4 for every #e revs4 the ,jack ,shaft makes1 and the spindles and bobbins will be running at the same speed1 no winding taking place4 ,winding is produced by the bobbins running faster than the spindles1 therefore ,q1 which is driven from the bottom cone through carrier gears1 must revolve4 ,its speed changes as the bobbins increase in diameter1 being governed by the position of the cone belt1 which is shifted slightly as each layer is put on the bobbins4 #ajh ,,casing-,,off ,,plates--,the ,front ,casing-off ,plates for ,bobbin and ,spindle ,shafts are made of polished steel and are circular in shape4 ,they are light1 strong1 cannot be broken1 and are easily kept clean4 ,,improved ,,cap ,,bars--,cast-iron ,cap ,bars give trouble on account of the fingers being twisted1 and frequent breakages4 ,the illustrations show the construction of our improved ,cap ,bar1 which entirely obviates these difficulties4 ,figure #a is a back view of our ,cap ,bar applied to a machine with four spindles in a box1 and ,figure #b an end view of same4 ,figures #c1 #d and #e show enlarged details4 ,illustration ,,improved ,,cap ,,bars ,the ,cap ,bars are fastened to the ,roller ,stands by brackets which are independent of the slides1 and consequently the rolls can be set without moving the ,cap ,bars4 ,when resetting the rolls it is only necessary to adjust the nebs for the middle and back lines1 as the front nebs do not have to be disturbed4 #aji ,,improved ,,lay ,,gearing4 ,illustration ,to facilitate making changes in the ,lay ,gears1 we have provided two change places instead of one4 ,formerly it was the practice to change the gear on the end of the ,reversing ,shaft or the one between the ,reversing ,bevels4 ,in order to bring the change gears into a more convenient position and at the same time increase the range1 we have introduced two additional spur gears4 ,one of these is now the regular change gear1 and is on a stud carried by an adjustable ,quadrant ,bracket4 ,the short shaft carrying the bevel gears is now in a horizontal position instead of vertical4 #aaj ,besides providing for two change places1 this improvement dispenses with the ,back ,cross ,rail and allows free access to the main gearing4 ,any part of the gearing can be taken out and replaced with ease4 ,there is no longer any necessity of changing any bevel gears4 ,there are two spur gear changes1 either of which may be used and which give a very wide range4 ,the entire arrangement is very simple and convenient4 ,illustration ,other sizes of ,spindles1 ,long ,collars1 ,bobbin ,gear ,tops and ,rolls will be supplied when necessary4 ,,driving ,,pulleys are usually #af in4 dia41 #c in4 face4 ,,speeds--,see pages #aaa and #aab4 ,,production--,see pages #aac to #aag4 #aaa ,,speed ,,table4 ,,slubbing ,,and ,,intermediate ,,frames ,illustration #aab ,,speed ,,table4 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,illustration #aac ,,slubbing ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on ordinary twist1 #a4bj x square root of hank1 with an allowance of #ae minutes per set for doffing and stops4 #aad ,,intermediate ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on ordinary twist1 #a4bj x square root of hank1 with an allowance of #ae minutes per set for doffing and stops4 #aae ,,roving ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on ordinary twist1 #a4bj x square root of hank1 with an allowance of #ae minutes per set for doffing and stops4 #aaf ,,roving ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on ordinary twist1 #a4bj x square root of hank1 with an allowance of #ae minutes per set for doffing and stops4 #aag ,,jack ,,frames4 ,,production ,,per ,,day ,,of ,,ten ,,hours4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on ordinary twist1 #a4bj x square root of hank1 with an allowance of #ae minutes per set for doffing and stops4 #aah ,,floor ,,plans ,,of ,,speeders4 ,,slubbing ,,frame ,r4,h4 ,,inter1 ,,frame ,r4,h4 ,,roving ,,frame ,r4,h4 ,illustration ,,note--,the ,,hand of a speeder is determined by the end on which the driving pulley is located when facing the spindles4 #aai ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,slubbing ,,frames4 ,illustration ,,note--,if the projection of fender bracket be taken into account1 add #b inches to the above lengths4 #abj ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,intermediate ,,frames4 ,illustration ,,note--,if the projection of fender bracket be taken into account add #b inches to the above lengths4 #aba ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,roving ,,frames4 ,illustration ,,note--,if the projection of fender bracket be taken into account1 add #b inches to the above lengths4 ,if double boss rolls1 the number of spindles must divide by four4 #abb ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,jack ,,frames4 ,illustration ,,note--,if the projection of fender bracket be taken into account1 add #b inches to the above lengths4 ,if double boss rolls1 the number of spindles must divide by four4 #abc ,illustration ,,front ,,elevation ,,of ,,head ,,end ,,gearing--,,roving ,,frame #abd ,illustration ,,elevation ,,and ,,section ,,of ,,head ,,end ,,gearing--,,roving ,,frame #abe ,,roving ,,frames4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings ,illustration #abf ,,roving ,,frames-,,continued4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings4 ,illustration #abg ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,illustration #abh ,illustration ,the following table may be used in calculating the required ,laps per ,inch on ,bobbin for any given hank roving3 #abi #a hank or below1 #g4e x square root of hank ,laps per ,inch #a hank to #b hanks1 #h4e x square root of hank ,laps per ,inch #b hanks to #c hanks1 #i4e x square root of hank ,laps per ,inch #c hanks to #d hanks1 #aj4j x square root of hank ,laps per ,inch #d hanks and above1 #aj4e x square root of hank ,laps per ,inch ,good results are obtained by using #i4c x square root of hank4 ,,taper ,,and ,,tension ,,calculations4 ,it is difficult to give hard and fast rules for figuring the ,taper and ,tension ,gears1 as the required number of teeth on these gears is affected by the kind of stock1 length of staple1 amount of twist1 temperature and humidity4 ,,production ,,calculations4 ,illustration #acj ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,,draft ,,tables4 ,illustration ,,note-,the above is for front and back rolls the same dia4 #aca ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,,key ,,to ,,twist ,,tables4 7,see pages #acb and #acc for complete ,twist ,tables47 ,illustration ,combinations ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c and #d are for ,slubbing and ,intermediate ,frames with #a-a_/d-;inch dia4 ,front ,roll4 ,combinations ,nos4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h and #i are for ,roving and ,jack ,frames with #a-a_/d-;inch dia4 ,front ,roll4 ,combinations ,nos4 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac and #ad are for ,roving and ,jack ,frames with #a-a_/h-;inch dia4 ,front ,roll4 #acb ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames--,,twist ,,tables4 7,see page #aca for key to these tables47 ,illustration #acc ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames-,,twist ,,tables4 7,see page #aca for key to these tables47 ,illustration #acd ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate1 ,,roving ,,and ,,jack ,,frames4 ,,lay ,,gearing ,,and ,,constants4 ,illustration ,there are two change gears in the lay combination1 the ,reversing ,shaft ,change ,gear ,z#b and the ,lay ,change ,gear ,w#a4 ,although we have given the full list of ,lay ,gearing in the above table1 only the gears marked 99 are variable1 the others being the same for all frames4 ,the regular change gear is ,w#a and the table on the next page gives lay constants for a range of ,reversing ,shaft ,change ,gears ,z#b from #ad to #bb inclusive4 ,to find the correct lay constant select the proper #ace ,lay ,gearing ,combination from the nine given above1 note the number of teeth on the ,reversing ,shaft ,change ,gear ,z#b and take the constant which corresponds in the table below4 ,for example1 the lay constant for a frame with gearing like ,no4#d combination and a #af ,t4 ,reversing ,shaft ,change ,gear is #dcg4i4 ,this divided by the number of teeth on the ,lay ,change ,gear ,w#a will give the laps per inch on the bobbin4 ,,table ,,of ,,lay ,,constants ,,for ,,gearing ,,combinations ,no4#a1 ,no4#i ,,and ,,reversing ,,shaft ,,change ,,gears #ad ,,to #bb ,t4 ,illustration #acf ,,roving ,,table4 ,,for ,,numbering ,,by ,,the ,,weight1 ,,in ,,grains1 ,,of #ab ,,yards2 ,,and ,,showing ,,twist ,,per ,,inch4 7,square ,root ,x #a4 #bj7 ,illustration #acg ,,roving ,,table--,,continued4 ,,for ,,numbering ,,by ,,the ,,weight1 ,,in ,,grains1 ,,of #ab ,,yards2 ,,and ,,showing ,,twist ,,per ,,inch 7,square ,root ,x #a4bj7 ,illustration #ach ,illustration #aci #adj ,illustration ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame--,,head ,,end #ada ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frames4 ,the introduction of these machines was preceded by a careful study of what had already been done in ,spinning ,frame design4 ,our ,improved ,ring ,spinning ,frames are made from entirely new patterns1 and not only combine the best features previously brought out in such machines1 but also many new ideas and improvements which have proved of great benefit to both manufacturers and spinners4 ,although these frames were only introduced a few years ago1 they are very extensively used1 and the demand is steadily increasing4 ,all parts are machined and most of them are made by specially designed tools4 ,we give below a description of the construction and chief points of advantage of these machines4 ,,low ,,framing ,,and ,,construction--,the ,frames are built very low1 are extra heavy in all their principal parts1 and are designed and constructed so as to stand high speeds without vibration1 thus preserving the spindles1 ensuring light running and reducing the cost of repairs4 ,,spindle ,,rails--,these are of the box pattern1 specially heavy1 and designed to prevent springing1 twisting and vibration4 ,,lifting ,,rods--,the ,lifting ,rods1 as will be seen in the several illustrations1 do not have any foot castings attached to them4 ,they can therefore be easily taken out1 cleaned and put back without the necessity of readjustment4 ,these rods are accurately turned and finished by a special process to prevent sticking4 ,the ,wave ,shaft ,arms are designed so that the ,ring ,rails can be easily leveled by means of adjusting screws4 ,,creels--,the ,creels are constructed with large diameter supporting rods so as to ensure rigidity1 reduce vibration and prevent stretching the roving4 #adb ,illustration ,,double ,,adjustable ,,ring ,,in ,,plate ,,holder ,,double ,,ring ,,in ,,cast-,,iron ,,holder1 ,,with ,,patent ,,concealed ,,traveler ,,clearer ,,solid ,,single ,,flange ,,rings #adc ,,fluted ,,rolls--,these steel rolls are carefully and accurately made from superior stock by special machinery4 ,they have large ,necks and ,squares and are irregularly fluted so as not to cut the ,top ,rolls4 ,,top ,,rolls--,these have taper ends or pivots1 and the ,cap ,bar ,nebs are milled to correspond1 thus making it easy to pick the ends and keep them clean4 ,,cap ,,bars--,these are made with steel fingers which do not break4 ,the upper surface of each finger is flat4 ,the ,cap ,bar ,nebs1 which slide on the fingers1 are milled and are fastened in position by cap or frog screws so that they cannot twist or get out of place4 ,this arrangement enables the ,top ,rolls to be accurately set1 and makes it much more easy to see the necks of the ,bottom ,rolls and keep them properly lubricated without removing the ,top ,rolls or ,cap ,bars4 ,,re-,,levelling--,this is now an easy matter and quickly done4 ,packing up the feet is no longer necessary4 ,the foot of each ,spring ,piece is provided with a shoe and jack screw1 by which it can be raised or lowered to meet any unevenness in the floor4 ,,traverse ,,rods ,,and ,,guides--,iron ,traverse ,rods are applied1 to which are attached adjustable ,brass ,trumpet ,guides4 ,,adjustable ,,thread ,,boards--,our ,thread ,boards are adjustable4 ,they can be raised or lowered so as to give1 within reasonable limits1 any required distance between the ,spindle points and ,thread ,guides4 #add ,illustration ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame-,,foot ,,end #ade ,,rings--,we furnish ,single ,flange ,rings1 ,double ,rings in cast iron ,holders1 with or without ,patent ,wire ,traveler ,clearers1 or ,double ,adjustable ,rings in ,plate ,holders with ,traveler ,clearers4 ,all ,rings are made and finished in the most accurate manner1 from a special grade of steel and hardened by improved methods4 ,,spindles--,we supply any of the latest improved types of ,spindles4 ,,separators--,we supply the ,rhodes-,chandler1 ,sharples1 ,doyle or ,h4 ,b4 7our own74 ,see description1 page #aec4 ,,saddles--,the ,dixon ordinary1 ,dixon adjustable or common ,saddles are applied as required4 ,,lever ,,screws--,the ,speakman or ,common are furnished as specified4 #adf ,,driving ,,pulleys are of our own improved design4 ,the ,loose ,pulley runs on a cast iron sleeve1 which is a part of the ring oiling box4 ,oil passes through holes in the bottom of this sleeve and lubricates the ,loose ,pulley4 ,our method of supporting the shaft and ,loose ,pulley together with the perfect lubrication of both prevents the wearing of the shaft1 sleeve or ,loose ,pulley4 ,illustration ,,ring ,,oiling ,,outrigger ,,bearing ,,and ,,self ,,lubricating ,,loose ,,pulley ,the ,fast ,pulley is usually made slightly larger in diameter than the ,loose ,pulley and is secured to the shaft by a ,woodruff key and set screws4 ,,the ,,outrigger for supporting the ,driving ,pulleys can be applied at either the head or foot end1 as specified4 #adg ,our improved ,cylinder ,head is made with a wide surface for the tin and has a long hub split at the end for several inches4 ,the split portion of the hub is made to grip the shaft by means of a heavy clamp ring and set screw4 ,the shaft cannot be cut by this set screw as it bears on the split hub4 ,illustration ,,cylinder ,,head ,,bearing ,,and ,,cap ,the shafts are steel1 fitted with ,woodruff ,keys and ,phosphor ,bronze ,bushes with ,collars1 which make the bearings self-oiling and practically free from wear4 ,heavy tin is used in the construction of the ,cylinders which are carefully balanced and thoroughly tested4 #adh ,illustration ,,twist ,,gearing ,simplicity and convenience characterize our ,ring ,spinning ,frame gearing4 ,all gears are cut4 ,they are of ample width1 run quietly and are well boxed to prevent accidents4 #adi ,illustration ,,draft ,,gearing ,the change gears are very conveniently located and a wide range of draft and twist can easily be obtained4 #aej ,illustration ,,builder ,,for ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame #aea ,,improved ,,builder4 ,when designing our improved ,spinning ,frame ,builder1 special attention was given to obtaining a wide range in form and build of bobbin combined with simplicity and durability4 ,the changes necessary when altering the wind1 pick or traverse have been reduced to a minimum4 ,the ,builder is a combination type1 and the change from warp to filling1 or vice versa1 can be easily and quickly made4 ,the illustration shows a filling cam only on the cam shaft1 but when warp and filling wind are wanted1 two cams are placed on this shaft4 ,the length of the traverse is determined by the adjustable ,wave ,shaft ,stud1 which can be easily and quickly raised or lowered1 and the ,ring ,rail can be placed at the correct starting point by means of a thumb nut4 ,the ,pick or ,take-up ,motion is very simple4 ,the pawl is on a plate which has a gear at the back4 ,this gear is driven by a ,quadrant which is connected to the top of the ,builder4 ,the pawl shield is set so that any required number of teeth can be taken up and no change gears are used4 ,in the ,builder ,arm is an adjusting screw1 which is used with warp wind to regulate the taper on the bobbin4 ,the taper can be decreased at the bottom and increased at the top by turning in this screw4 ,when the foot lever is pressed1 it throws the ,worm out of gear and allows the rail to be dropped4 ,after winding back the ,pick ,motion1 the ,frame is ready for doffing and starting a new set4 ,an eccentric device is applied to enable the ,socket ,doff to be used when desired4 ,the ,worm ,gear ,shaft is driven by a sprocket chain in the bead end4 ,the speed of this shaft and consequently the speed of the traverse is increased or decreased by changing the ,sprocket ,gear4 ,the bevel gears are well protected from dust and fly by a cover1 and the ,builder screw itself is provided with a cleaner which prevents the collection of dirt in the threads4 #aeb ,illustration ,,howard ,,bullough ,,patent ,,automatic ,,separator #aec ,,howard ,,bullough ,,patent ,,automatic ,,separator ,it has been our aim to combine in this new ,separator simplicity and lightness with effectiveness and rigidity4 ,all ,separators collect lint1 but the ,howard ,bullough has so few parts and is so easily cleaned that this disadvantage is reduced to a minimum4 ,the ,separator rod holders1 which allow the blades to be thrown back out of position for doffing1 are neat and strong4 ,vibration in a ,separator means bad work1 and we have given special attention to this point1 as evidenced by the double bearings for the lifting rods1 the stiffness of the ,separator rod carrying the blades1 and the general design4 ,in case the operator neglects to return the blades to their working position after doffing1 this is taken care of by a curved stop or bracket attached to the roller beam4 ,easy adjustment for both long and short traverse is a good feature of this ,separator4 #aed ,,floor ,,space ,,of ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frames4 ,illustration ,we make #cf-;in4 or #ci-;in4 framing as required4 ,when extra large diameter roving bobbins are used and the creels are required to take double roving1 the #ci-;in4 framing is needed to obtain enough space in the creels4 ,to ascertain the length of ,spinning ,frames with any number of spindles3 ,multiply one-half the number of spindles by the gauge and add #b ft4 #a in4 for head and off ends4 ,although it is advantageous when possible to keep to the number of spindles given in the table on the opposite page1 other lengths can be built1 but even boxes are preferable4 ,,driving ,,pulleys are #h in4 to #ah in4 dia41 #c-a_/d in4 face4 #aee ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frames4 ,illustration #aef ,,production ,,table ,,of ,,ring ,,warp ,,yarn4 ,,front ,,roll1 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 etc4 ,standard ,warp ,twist used1 #d4ge x square root of number of yarn4 #aeg ,,production ,,table ,,of ,,ring ,,warp ,,yarn4 ,,front ,,roll1 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 etc4 ,twist per inch1 #d4ge x square root of number up to #djs4 ,for #djs and finer the twist per inch is graduated from #d4fj to #d4jj x square root of number4 #aeh ,,production ,,table ,,of ,,ring ,,filling ,,yarn4 ,,front ,,roll1 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 etc4 ,filling ,twist used1 #c4be x square root of number of yarn4 #aei ,,production ,,table ,,of ,,ring ,,filling ,,yarn4 ,,front ,,roll1 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 etc4 ,filling ,twist used1 #c4be x square root of number of yarn4 #afj ,illustration ,,head ,,end ,,gearing ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame #afa ,illustration ,,sectional ,,view ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame #afb ,illustration ,,side ,,view ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame #afc ,,spinning ,,frame4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings4 ,a ,driving ,pulley1 #h in4 to #ah in4 dia41 advancing by #a_/b in4 increments2 #c-a_/d in4 face4 ,a#a ,cylinder ,gear1 #ag1 #ba1 #bi and #ci ,t4 ,a#b ,cylinder1 #g in4 dia4 ,b ,jack ,gear1 #gb1 #gf1 #hf1 #if and #ajf ,t4 ,b#a ,twist ,change ,gear1 #be-fg ,t41 advancing by one tooth4 ,c ,intermediate ,gear1 #aef ,t4 for #cf-;in4 frame2 #aga ,t4 for #ci in4 frame4 ,c#a ,builder ,motion ,driving ,sprocket ,gear1 #h ,t4 ,d ,front ,roll ,twist ,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,d#a ,front ,roll ,draft ,gear1 #ba and #bg ,t4 ,d#b ,front ,roll1 usually #a in4 dia42 sometimes #a-a_/af in4 dia4 and #a-g_/h in4 dia4 ,e ,crown ,gear1 #gb1 #ij and #ajh ,t4 ,e#a ,draft ,change ,gear1 #cb-ei ,t41 advancing by one tooth4 ,f ,large ,back ,roll ,gear1 #gi and #hi ,t4 ,f#a ,small ,back ,roll ,gear1 #bh ,t4 for #g_/h in4 dia4 ,middle and ,back ,rolls1 #bi ,t4 for #ae_/af in4 dia4 ,middle ,roll1 #a-a_/af in4 dia4 ,back ,rolls4 ,f#b ,back ,roll1 usually #g_/h in4 dia41 sometimes #aa_/af in4 dia4 and #a-a_/h in4 dia4 ,g ,broad ,middle ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #dh ,t4 ,h ,middle ,roll ,gear1 #bf ,t4 for #g_/h in4 dia4 ,middle and ,back ,rolls1 #bd ,t4 for #ae_/af in4 dia4 ,middle and #a-a_/af in4 dia4 ,back ,rolls4 ,i ,whorl1 #c_/d in41 #ac_/af in4 and #g_/h in4 dia4 ,j ,carrier ,sprocket ,gear1 #aj ,t4 ,k ,builder ,motion ,worm ,shaft ,sprocket ,gear1 #ab1 #ad1 #af1 #ah1 #bj1 #bb and #bd ,t41 dependent upon the ,number of ,yarn4 ,l ,carrier ,sprocket ,gear1 #g ,t4 #afd ,,spinning ,,frames4 ,,draft ,,calculations4 ,,twist ,,calculations4 ,illustration ,when figuring the ,ratio of ,whirl ,speed to ,cylinder ,speed we add #a_/c inch to the diameters to allow for the band4 #afe ,illustration ,in our production tables on pages #aef to #aei1 the allowance for doffing1 waste1 etc41 varies with the numbers of yarn1 the percentage loss being greater for coarse than fine work4 #aff ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame1 ,,draft ,,table4 ,,front ,,roll #a ,,in4 ,,diam4 ,,back ,,roll #g_/h ,,in4 ,,diam4 ,illustration #afg ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame1 ,,draft ,,table4 ,,front ,,and ,,back ,,rolls ,,same ,,diameter4 ,illustration #afh ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame1 ,,twist ,,constants4 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #afi ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame1 ,,twist ,,constants4 #a-a_/af ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #agj ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame1 ,,twist ,,constants4 #a-a_/h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #aga ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,twist ,,table4 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #agb ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,twist ,,table4 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #agc ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,twist ,,table4 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #agd ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,twist ,,table4 #a ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #age ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,twist ,,table4 #a-a_/af ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,front ,,roll4 #g ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #hd ,t4 ,illustration #agf ,,yarn ,,twist ,,tables4 ,illustration #agg ,,yarn ,,twist ,,tables4 ,illustration #agh ,,yarn ,,twist ,,tables4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above tables are extended in some cases much beyond the actual requirements as indicated by their headings1 but will prove useful for other yarns4 #agi ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,cotton ,,yarn ,,by ,,the ,,weight ,,in ,,grains ,,of #abj ,,yards ,,or #a ,,skein ,illustration #ahj ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,cotton ,,yarn-,cont'd4 ,illustration #aha ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,cotton ,,yarn-,cont'd4 ,illustration #ahb ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,cotton ,,yarn-,cont'd4 ,illustration #ahc ,,table ,,for ,,numbering ,,cotton ,,yarn-,cont'd4 ,illustration #ahd ,,draper ,,tables ,,of ,,breaking ,,weights ,,of ,,american ,,yarns ,,spun ,,from ,,american ,,cotton4 ,,averaged ,,from ,,sample ,,skein ,,tests ,,from ,,several ,,hundred ,,american ,,mills4 ,illustration #ahe ,,traveller ,,table ,,for ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame4 ,illustration ,the speed1 kind of cotton1 etc41 affect the weight of traveller1 and consequently it is impossible to make up a table to cover all conditions1 but the sizes given above will serve as a basis to select from4 ,lighter travellers should be used for higher speeds and vice versa4 ,each #a1jjj revolutions of spindle makes a difference of one or two numbers in travellers4 #ahf ,,spoolers4 ,the following tables of dimensions and productions are given as information3 ,illustration #ahg ,,reels4 ,reels are usually made with #ej or #fj spindles each1 but can be made either longer or shorter4 ,the common gauge is #c-a_/b in41 the length of which with #ej spindles is #af ft4 #h-a_/b in4 and width #c ft4 #i in4 ,machines are made for #ed-;in41 #fj-;in41 #gb-;in4 and #ij-;in4 skeins1 usually #ed in4 ,driving pulleys are #ab in4 x #b in4 ,the usual speed with #ed-;in4 swifts is #acj revs4 ,we give below production table for #ed-;in4 skeins4 ,illustration #ej per cent4 allowance has been made in above table for doffing1 etc4 #ahh ,illustration ,,dry ,,twister ,,single ,,line ,,top ,,and ,,bottom ,,rolls--,,narrow ,,gauge #ahi ,,ring ,,twisters4 ,,for ,,dry ,,or ,,wet ,,twisting4 ,our ,ring ,twister resembles our ,spinning ,frame1 both in construction and design1 and the descriptive matter on pages #adj and #aea apply to this machine4 ,the marked success of our ,spinning ,frame led us to build a ,twister embodying the same improvements and special features which have been so much appreciated4 ,all parts are machined1 and are interchangeable4 ,,low ,,framing ,,and ,,heavy ,,rigid ,,construction--,the frames are built very low1 are extra heavy in all their principal parts and are designed and constructed so as to stand high speeds without vibration1 thus preserving the spindles1 insuring light running and reducing the cost of repairs4 ,,dry ,,and ,,wet ,,twisting--,we build machines for either ,dry or ,wet ,twisting4 ,when for wet work the bottom and top rolls are covered with brass1 and brass troughs are provided for the water4 ,the yarn is submerged by means of glass rods which are easily raised or lowered4 ,,arrangement ,,of ,,rolls--,machines are built with any of the following arrangements of ,rolls3 ,single ,line ,bottom ,rolls1 and ,single ,line ,top ,rolls4 ,double ,line ,bottom ,rolls1 and ,single ,line ,top ,rolls4 ,double ,line ,bottom ,rolls1 and ,double ,line ,top ,rolls4 ,,spindles--,any of the improved modern high-speed spindles are supplied as required4 ,we do not make any ,twisters with common or old style ,two ,rail spindles4 ,,knee ,,brakes are furnished when required4 ,,gauges ,,and ,,rings--,we build machines from #b-a_/b-;in4 gauge with #a-a_/b-;in4 rings up to #e-a_/b-;in4 gauge with #d-a_/b-;in4 rings4 ,any desired form or style of ring will be furnished4 ,all of these rings are made from high-grade steel of special analysis1 hardened by improved methods and accurately finished4 #aij ,illustration ,,vertical ,,twister ,,rings ,,narrow ,,or ,,wide ,,band ,,rings ,,with ,,brass ,,or ,,steel ,,plate ,,holders ,,solid ,,single ,,flange ,,rings #aia ,,the ,,following ,,headings ,,are ,,taken ,,up ,,in ,,detail ,,under ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frames3 ,,spindle ,,rails of box pattern to prevent springing or twisting4 ,,lifting ,,rods specially finished to avoid sticking1 and easily removed and cleaned without necessity of readjustment4 ,,re-,,levelling easily taken care of by means of adjustable foot casting and jack screw on each ,spring ,piece4 ,,adjustable ,,thread ,,board ,,lifters4 ,,ring ,,oiling ,,bearing ,,on ,,outrigger4 ,,self-,,lubricating ,,loose ,,pulley ,,on ,,sleeve4 ,,improved ,,form ,,of ,,cylinder ,,head4 ,,phosphor ,,bronze ,,cylinder ,,bearings of self-oiling type4 ,,gearing1 simple and enclosed in boxed end to prevent accident4 ,all cut gears4 ,,builder of simple and effective design adjustable for ,filling1 ,warp1 ,conant1 ,reverse ,conant1 or ,straight ,wind4 ,,creels with rigid end and center supports1 free from vibration4 ,illustration ,,out ,,bearing ,,box 7,,cut ,,open7 ,,showing ,,ring ,,oiler ,,and ,,sleeve ,,for ,,loose ,,pulley #aib ,illustration ,,wet ,,twister1 ,,with ,,driving ,,pulleys ,,at ,,foot ,,end #aic ,,floor ,,space ,,of ,,twisters4 ,illustration ,,widths ,,of ,,machines4 #b-a_/b-;in4 and #b-c_/d-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #a-a_/h in4 over all #c-;in4 and #c-a_/d-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #a-e_/h in4 over all #c-a_/b-;in4 and #d-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #b-e_/h in4 over all #d-a_/b-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #c-c_/d in4 over all #e-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #d-a_/d in4 over all #e-;in4 ,gauge #c ft4 #e in4 over all ,to ascertain the length of ,twisters with any number of spindles3 ,multiply one-half the number of spindles by the gauge and add #b ft4 #a in4 for head and off ends4 ,although it is advantageous when possible to keep to the numbers of spindles given in the table on page #aie1 other lengths can be built if necessary4 ,even rolls and boxes are preferable4 ,,driving ,,pulleys are #h in4 to #ah in4 dia41 #c-a_/d-;in4 face4 #aid ,illustration ,,wide ,,gauge ,,twister ,,with ,,double ,,line ,,bottom ,,and ,,single ,,line ,,top ,,rolls #aie ,,lengths ,,over ,,all ,,of ,,twisters4 ,illustration #aif ,,table ,,showing ,,gauges1 ,,rings ,,and ,,spindle ,,speeds ,,for ,,various ,,numbers ,,and ,,plys4 ,,this ,,table ,,forms ,a ,,key ,,to ,,the ,,production ,,tables ,,which ,,follow ,illustration #aig ,,table ,,showing ,,gauges1 ,,rings ,,and ,,spindle ,,speeds--,,cont',d4 ,illustration #aih ,,table ,,showing ,,number ,,of ,,pounds ,,twisted ,,yarn ,,produced ,,in #aj ,,hours-#b ,,ply ,illustration #aii ,,table ,,showing ,,number ,,of ,,pounds ,,twisted ,,yarn ,,produced ,,in #aj ,,hours-#c ,,ply4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 waste1 cleaning1 etc4 #bjj ,,table ,,showing ,,number ,,of ,,pounds ,,twisted ,,yarn ,,produced ,,in #aj ,,hours-#d ,,ply4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 waste1 cleaning1 etc4 #bja ,,table ,,showing ,,number ,,of ,,pounds ,,twisted ,,yarn ,,produced ,,in #aj ,,hours-#e ,,ply4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 waste1 cleaning1 etc4 #bjb ,,table ,,showing ,,number ,,of ,,pounds ,,twisted ,,yarn ,,produced ,,in #aj ,,hours--#f ,,ply4 ,illustration ,allowance has been made for doffing1 waste1 cleaning1 etc4 #bjc ,illustration ,,head ,,end ,,gearing ,,twister #bjd ,illustration ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,roll ,,double ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls ,,arrangements ,,of ,,rolls ,,twister #bje ,,twisters4 ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawings4 ,a ,driving ,pulley1 #h in4 to #ah in4 dia41 advancing by #a_/b in4 increments1 #c-a_/d in4 face4 ,a#a ,cylinder ,gear1 #ba1 #be1 #bi1 #cj1 #ci and #di ,t4 ,a#b ,cylinder1 #g in4 and #h in4 dia4 ,b ,jack ,gear1 #gb1 #gf1 #hj1 #hd1 #hf1 #if and #ajf ,t4 ,b#a ,twist ,change ,gear1 #be to #fg ,t41 advancing by one tooth4 ,c ,intermediate ,gear1 #aga ,t4 ,c#a ,builder ,motion ,driving ,sprocket ,gear1 #h ,t4 ,d ,front ,roll ,twist ,gear1 #ajh and #ib ,t41 ,single ,line ,bottom ,roll4 ,head ,end ,stud ,gear1 #ajh ,t41 ,double ,line l ,bottom ,rolls4 ,d#a ,head ,end ,stud ,change ,gear1 #bc1 #bg1 #cb and #cf ,t4 ,e ,front ,roll ,change ,gear1 #cf1 #cb1 #bg and #bc ,t4 ,e#a ,front ,roll ,gear1 #ci ,t4 ,e#b ,front ,roll1 #a-a_/b in4 dia4 ,f ,back ,roll ,intermediate ,gear1 #dh ,t4 ,g ,back ,roll ,gear1 #dj ,t4 ,g#a ,back ,roll1 #a-a_/b in4 dia4 ,h ,top ,roll1 #b-a_/b in4 dia4 ,i ,whorl1 #g_/h in41 #a-a_/h in41 #a-c_/h in41 #a-e_/h in4 and #b-a_/b in4 dia4 ,j ,carrier ,sprocket ,gear1 #aj ,t4 ,k ,builder ,motion ,worm ,shaft ,sprocket ,gear1 #ab1 #ad1 #af1 #ah1 #bj1 #bb and #bd ,t41 dependent upon the ,number of ,yarn4 ,l ,carrier ,sprocket ,gear1 #g ,t4 ,,note--,for ,letters ,a and ,i refer to ,spinning ,frame cut on page #afa4 #bjf ,,twisters4 ,,twist ,,calculations4 ,illustration #bjg ,illustration ,in our production tables on pages #aih to #bjb the allowance for doffing1 waste1 etc41 varies with the numbers of twisted yarn1 the percentage loss being greater for coarse than fine work4 ,see pages #aif and #aig for percentage deducted4 #bjh ,,twist ,,gearing ,,constants ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b-;,,in4 ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 #g-;,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,illustration ,rule to find change gear3 ,divide ,constant by ,twist per inch required4 #bji ,,twist ,,gearing ,,constants ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b-;,,in4 ,,double ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 #h-;,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 ,illustration ,rule to find change gear3 ,divide ,constant by ,twist per inch required4 #baj ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #ajh4 #a-a_/h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,illustration #baa ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #ajh4 #a-c_/h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,illustration #bab ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 ,,front ,,roll ,,gear1 #ajh4 #a-e_/h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,illustration #bac ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,single ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 #h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 #b-a_/b ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,illustration #bad ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,double ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 #h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 #a-e_/h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,,head ,,end ,,stud ,,gear1 #ajh ,t4 ,illustration ,,note--,d#a ,head ,end ,stud ,change ,gear4 ,e ,front ,roll ,change ,gear4 ,ratio ,whirl to ,cylinder ,speed1 #d4fdc4 #bae ,,twist ,,table ,,for ,,twisters4 #a-a_/b ,,in4 ,,double ,,line ,,bottom ,,rolls4 #h ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,cylinder4 #b-a_/b ,,in4 ,,dia4 ,,whirl ,,on ,,spindle4 ,,head ,,end ,,stud ,,gear1 #ajh4 ,illustration ,,note-,d#a ,head ,end ,stud ,change ,gear4 ,e ,front ,roll ,change ,gear4 ,ratio ,whirl to ,cylinder ,speed1 #c4jie4 #baf ,,twist ,,tables ,,for #b ,,ply4 ,illustration #bag ,,twist ,,tables ,,for #c ,,ply4 ,illustration #bah ,,twist ,,tables ,,for #d ,,ply4 ,illustration #bai ,,twist ,,tables ,,for #e ,,ply4 ,illustration #bbj ,,twist ,,tables ,,for #f ,,ply4 ,illustration #bba #bbb ,illustration ,,cone ,,winder #bbc ,,cone ,,and ,,tube ,,winders4 ,although these machines are adapted to the winding of all kinds of yarns1 they are especially good for soft hosiery and underwear yarns which should be handled so as to retain their full strength and elasticity4 ,,open ,,wind--,this feature of our machine1 together with its general improved construction1 enables it to wind the most delicate yarns4 ,the open wind with its irregular coils is of great advantage1 as stretching of the yarn is avoided and it unwinds freely in the knitting process4 ,,cone ,,and ,,parallel ,,wind--,these machines are built for winding either cones or parallel tubes1 from cops1 bobbins1 spools or skeins4 ,,stop ,,motions--,these are applied to all machines4 ,the ,detector ,holders and ,drop ,wires are supplied for one or more ply1 as required4 ,when a thread breaks1 the individual drum stops1 thus preventing waste or single4 ,the ,stop ,motions are quick and positive1 and the piecing up is very easily done4 ,,framing ,,and ,,construction--,the ,winders are strong and durable4 ,no wood is used in their construction1 except for the top shelves and ,friction ,boards4 ,all gearing is cut4 ,the ,casing-off ,plates on each side are hinged1 which facilitates cleaning4 ,,uniform ,,tension--,the conical and parallel ,mandrels are driven by friction from the drums1 and consequently the increase in diameter of the cones or tubes does not alter the tension on the yarn4 ,,improved ,,mandrels--,these fit firmly in the paper cones at both ends4 ,the cones are very easily removed1 and although they may vary in size or shape1 any irregularities are taken care of by the ,mandrels4 ,,improved ,,reversing ,,motion--,the durability of ,winders and the uniformity of the winding depends #bbd to a great extent on the accuracy and wearing qualities of the ,reversing ,motion4 ,the cam and bowl in this motion are of hardened steel1 and the cam runs in oil4 ,our ,motion gives an instantaneous reversal1 and prevents the throwing over of the yarn at the ends1 ensuring a perfectly shaped cone or parallel ,tube4 ,,adjustable ,,traverse--,the length of the traverse can be adjusted from #d in4 to #f in4 by a very simple method4 ,,available ,,speed ,,traverse--,by means of a change gear on the ,main ,driving ,shaft1 the ratio of the speed of the traverse to the speed of the drum can be altered4 ,a ratio which is best suited to coarse yarn is not the best for fine yarn4 ,the work which these machines are called upon to do may vary from winding very coarse ply yarns to fine single yarns1 and a variable speed traverse is of advantage4 ,,driving ,,pulleys--,these are #ah in4 dia41 #b-a_/b in4 face1 ,tight and ,loose1 and usually make #ajj to #abe revs41 according to the class of work4 ,,production--,based on #abe revs4 of ,driving ,pulleys1 with #bj per cent allowance for stops1 the production per drum per week of #fj hours figures #ejj hanks 7hanks_/number of yarn lbs47 ,,floor ,,plan ,,of ,,cone ,,winder ,illustration ,machines are #db in4 wide and are usually built with #ajj drums1 #cf ft4 #h-a_/b in4 over all 7including driving pulleys7 but other lengths can be made4 ,deduct #h-a_/d in4 for each two drums less than #ajj4 #bbe ,illustration ,,cone ,,winder ,,alphabetical ,,references ,,to ,,drawing ,a ,driving ,pulley1 #ah in4 dia4 x #b-a_/b in4 face4 ,usual speed1 #ajj to #abe r4 p4 m4 ,a#a ,cone ,driving ,double ,band ,pulley4 ,b ,cone4 ,,note--,one rev4 of ,driving ,shaft equals #b4gf revs4 of ,cone4 #bbf ,,warpers4 ,one #ed-;in4 ,cylinder ,warper 7with large dia4 ,cylinder7 occupies a space of #g ft4 x #c ft4 #f in4 with #bd-;in4 beam head4 ,the floor space of creels varies considerably4 ,an ordinary ,warper with creel requires a space of about #h ft4 x #ac to #ad ft4 ,driving ,pulleys #aj in4 x #b in4 ,cylinders of ,warpers are run from #cj to #dj revs4 per minute1 depending on the class of work4 ,we give below production table based on #cf revs4 of ,cylinder 7,pulleys #aif revs47 per minute4 ,in this table #cc per cent4 has been deducted for stoppages4 ,illustration #bbg #bbh ,illustration ,,cylinder ,,sizing ,,machine ,,or ,,slasher #bbi ,,slashers4 ,the ,slasher ,system of ,sizing was invented by ,mr4 ,james ,bullough1 and ,slashers were first made and put on the market by ,howard ,bullough1 ,ltd4 ,the advent of the ,slasher1 dispensing as it did with the old systems of ,sizing1 is recognized as one of the greatest inventions of the age4 ,probably no other invention was ever taken up and supplanted other systems with such rapidity as that of the ,slasher1 in every cotton manufacturing country4 ,although ,slashers are now made by others1 the ,howard ,bullough machine still keeps the lead1 and improvements are being continually added4 ,,new ,,patterns--,the machines are now made from new patterns with extra heavy framing1 with broad flanges1 planed edges1 and milled doubled-flanged joints1 giving great strength and solidity4 ,all seatings1 cross-rails1 principal brackets and fixings are planed or milled4 ,,headstocks--,these are made in three lengths1 ,short 7#h ft4 #f in471 ,medium 7#aj ft4 #d in47 and ,long 7#ab ft4 #b in471 and are complete with ,fan1 ,conducting ,rollers1 ,polished ,dividing ,rods1 quick and accurate ,yarn ,marker1 ,expanding and ,contracting ,comb1 ,spring ,bearings for preventing the breaking of yarn when starting the machine1 ,triple ,speed ,change ,gears1 ,slow ,motion arrangement1 ,side ,shaft1 and ,gearing to ,copper ,size ,rollers1 ,patent ,yarn ,beam ,friction and ,patent ,revolving ,yarn ,beam ,presser4 ,,patent ,,yarn ,,beam ,,friction--,with four frictional surfaces4 ,these ,frictions have more than double the friction surface of the older styles1 and give considerably more power and are proving the most efficient ,frictions ever invented4 ,,slow ,,motion ,,driving--,this enables the ,slasher to be run at a very slow speed1 instead of being entirely stopped whilst doffing1 etc41 thus preventing the burning or spoiling of yarn whilst under the squeezing rollers in the size box4 #bcj ,,copper ,,cylinders--,made from best ,copper ,sheets well and evenly rolled by machinery1 so as to give a perfectly smooth drying surface1 with ,ends or ,heads made of ,steel plates4 ,cylinder ,shafts run on ,anti-,friction ,bowls1 and are provided with ,pressure ,gauge1 ,safety and ,reducing ,valves1 and ,steam ,traps4 ,,size ,,box--,with two ,heavy ,seamless ,copper ,rollers1 with ,brass ,glands and ,brass ,bushes4 ,the ,ends of these ,rollers run in ,brass ,steps in ,pedestals supported by ,tables which are cast to the outside of the ,size ,box4 ,size ,box also contains perforated ,copper ,boiling ,pipe1 ,seamless ,copper ,immersion ,roller1 with adjustable ,racks and ,motion1 ,brass and ,tin ,conducting ,rollers1 and ,brass ,taps4 ,,creels--,these are usually made for #f ,beams1 but are made for more if required1 and have ,adjustable ,bearings4 ,three sizes are made1 #bb-c_/h in41 #be-a_/b in4 and #bg in4 between centers4 ,the latter for ,beam ,heads up to #bf in4 dia4 ,we also apply1 when ordered1 any of the following3 ,patent ,traversing ,yarn ,beam ,presser4 ,patent ,expanding ,double ,yarn ,beam ,presser4 ,patent ,yarn ,tension ,arrangement to ,size ,box for enabling the size to better penetrate the ,yarns4 ,positive ,driving ,arrangement to ,cylinders for ,fine ,yarns or small number of ends4 ,extra ,carrying ,rolls and ,stands4 ,,production--,one ,slasher will supply from #aej to #fjj ,looms1 according to the class of work2 about #cjj is the average4 ,,driving ,,pulleys--,are on ,right ,hand side of ,head-stock 7when facing same71 #ac in4 dia41 #c in4 face1 ,t4 ,l4 ,slow ,motion ,pulley is #a in4 face1 making #g in4 in width for the three ,pulleys4 ,,speeds--#agj to #baj ,r4 ,p4 ,m4 #bca ,,floor ,,space--,dimensions of ,standard machines with ,short ,headstock 7#h ft4 #f in47 and #f-;,beam ,creel1 #bc-a_/b in4 or #bg in4 centers1 the latter for ,beam ,heads up to #bf in4 dia4 2 #i_/h wide1 for ,warper ,beams #ed in4 wide between ,heads1 ,drying ,surface of ,cylinders1 #ef-a_/b in4 #f ft4 dia4 ,cylinder #ca ft4 #j in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 7,width is #h ft4 #aa in4 over extreme projections in ,headstock when ,cannon ,shaft is extended47 #g ft4 dia4 ,cylinder #cc ft4 #d in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 #ff in4 and #dj in4 dia4 ,cylinders #cc ft4 #d in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 #f ft4 and #d ft4 dia4 ,cylinders #cc ft4 #aj in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 #g ft4 and #d ft4 dia4 ,cylinders #cd ft4 #aj in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 #g ft4 and #e ft4 dia4 ,cylinders #cg ft4 #aj in4 x #h ft4 #f in4 ,add for each additional two ,beams in ,creel1 #c ft4 #d-a_/b in4 ,add for ,medium ,headstock #a ft4 #aj in4 ,add for ,long ,headstock #c ft4 #h in4 ,,loom ,,beams--,slashers #i_/h wide1 as described above1 will take ,loom ,beams up to #fd in4 long over all1 or up to #gj in4 by using ,cranked ,cannon ,shaft ,brackets4 ,,wider ,,slashers--,these are made up to #ab_/d wide1 for widths of yarn as follows3 #i_/h #f_/d #g_/d #h_/d #i_/d #aj_/d #aa_/d #ab_/d #ed in4 #fj in4 #ff in4 #gb in4 #gh in4 #hd in4 #ij in4 #if in4 ,add to the width of machines1 as given above1 #f in4 for each extra width over #i_/h4 ,,special ,,machines--,are made with ,extra ,wide or ,extra ,long ,heads and many other attachments for ,special ,work1 also with ,,air ,,drying instead of ,cylinders4 #bcb ,,approximate ,,shipping ,,weights ,,of ,,machines ,pounds ,hopper ,bale ,opener #e1jjj ,self-feeding ,opener #f1jjj to #f1ejj ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper #h1ejj to #i1ejj ,self-feeding ,opener and ,single ,beater ,breaker #ae1jjj to #af1jjj ,single ,beater ,intermediate or ,finisher #h1ejj ,double ,beater ,intermediate or ,finisher #ac1jjj ,revolving ,flat ,card #g1jjj ,drawing ,frame1 per delivery #gjj ,slubbing ,frame1 #fj spdls41 #ab in4 x #f in4 #i1bej ,intermediate ,frame1 #if spdls41 #aj in4 x #e in4 #aj1jjj ,roving ,frame1 #add spdls41 #h in4 x #d in4 #aa1ejj ,roving ,frame1 #afj spdls41 #g in4 x #c-a_/b in4 #aa1bej ,jack ,frame1 #ahd spdls41 #f in4 x #c in4 #aa1bej ,spinning ,frame1 #bbd spdls41 #b-c_/d in4 ,ga4 #f1bej ,spinning ,frame1 #bjd spdls41 #c in4 ,ga4 #f1bej ,spinning ,frame1 #aib spdls41 #c-a_/d in4 ,ga4 #f1bej ,twister1 #bbj spdls41 #c in4 ,ga4 #g1jjj ,twister1 #aib spdls41 #c-a_/d in4 ,ga4 #g1cjj ,twister1 #afj spdls41 #d in4 ,ga4 #f1hjj ,twister1 #acb spdls41 #e in4 ,ga4 #f1gjj ,cone ,winder1 #ajj ,drums #g1ejj #bcc ,,english ,,weights ,,and ,,measures ,,of ,,cotton ,,yarn4 #bd ,grains l ,pennyweight 7,dwt4 ,troy74 #dcg4e ,grains #a ,ounce 7,avoirdupois74 #af oz4 #g1jjj ,grains l ,pound 7,avoirdupois74 #a-a_/b ,yards #ed in4 #a thread or circumference of ,cotton ,reel4 #abj ,yards #hj threads l ,skein4 #hdj ,yards #efj threads #g skeins #a ,hank4 ,the number of ,hanks in #a lb4 is the number of the yarn4 #g1jjj grains 7#a lb47 divided by the weight in grains of #a ,hank 7#hdj ,yards7 the number of yarn4 ,it is unnecessary and inconvenient to measure and weigh a full hank1 and a lesser number of yards are usually taken4 #abj yards for yarn1 and #ab yards for ,roving are common1 and the ,dividends for these are given in the following table4 ,,dividend ,,table ,yards ,dividends #a #h4cc #b #af4ff #c #be4jj #d #cc4cc #e #da4ff #f #ej4jj #g #eh4cc #h #ff4ff #i #ge4jj #aj #hc4cc #ab #ajj4jj #cj #bej4jj #fj #ejj4jj #abj #ajjj4jj #hdj #gfjj4jj ,,rules ,divide #g1jjj 7,grains in #a lb47 by #hdj 7yards in #a ,hank7 dividend for #a yd41 #h4cc4 ,dividend_/by weight in grains ,hank4 ,dividend_/by ,hank ,weight in ,grains4 ,,examples--,if #a yard of ,card ,sliver weighs #ee ,grains1 what ,hank is it8 ,divide the dividend for #a yard 7#h4cc7 by #ee 4#aea ,hank4 ,what should #abj yds4 of ,no4 #bes yarn weigh8 ,divide the dividend for #abj yards 7#a1jjj7 by #be #dj grains4 #bcd ,,general ,,rules ,,with ,,examples4 ,,to ,,find ,,the ,,draft ,,between ,,two ,,rolls4 ,illustration #bce ,illustration #bcf ,illustration #bcg ,,classification ,,of ,,cotton ,,adopted ,,by ,,the ,,new ,,york ,,cotton ,,exchange4 ,,quarter ,,grades ,,in ,,use ,,after ,,march #aj1 #aiaj4 ,grades ,quarter ,grades ,fair4 ,strict ,middling ,fair4 ,middling ,fair4 ,barely ,middling ,fair4 ,strict ,good ,middling4 ,fully ,good ,middling4 ,good ,middling4 ,barely ,good ,middling4 ,strict ,middling4 ,barely ,middling4 ,middling 7,basis74 ,strict ,low ,middling4 ,fully ,low ,middling4 ,low ,middling4 ,strict ,good ,ordinary4 ,good ,ordinary4 ,strict ,good ,middling ,tinged4 ,good ,middling ,tinged4 ,strict ,middling ,tinged4 ,middling ,tinged4 ,strict ,low ,middling ,tinged4 ,low ,middling ,tinged4 ,middling ,stained4 #bch ,,approximate ,,power ,,required ,,by ,,cotton ,,machinery4 ,horse-power ,hopper ,bale ,opener #c ,hopper ,feeder #a-a_/b ,self-feeding ,opener #c ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper1 with ,cage ,section #f ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper1 with ,gauge ,box and ,condenser #g-a_/b ,combined ,self-feeding ,opener and ,single ,beater ,breaker ,lapper #i ,single ,beater ,intermediate or ,finisher ,lapper #d ,two ,beater ,intermediate or ,finisher ,lapper #g-a_/b ,thread ,extractor with ,condenser #a-a_/b ,no4 #f ,fan #e ,revolving ,flat ,card-,production1 #dej lbs4 per week #c_/d ,revolving ,flat ,card-,production1 #gjj lbs4 per week #a ,revolving ,flat ,card-,production1 #a1jjj lbs4 per week #a-a_/d ,sliver ,lap ,machine #a_/b ,ribbon ,lap ,machine #a ,comber--#f-;,head #a_/b ,comber--#h-;,head #b_/c ,drawing ,frames1 ,ordinary ,rolls1 #f delvs4 per #a ,drawing ,frames1 ,metallic ,rolls1 #e delvs4 per #a ,slubbing ,frame1 #de spdls4 per #a ,intermediate ,frame1 #ee spdls4 per #a ,roving ,frame1 #he spdls4 per #a ,jack or ,fine ,roving ,frame1 #ajj spdls4 per #a ,spinning ,frame1 ,warp yarns #afs and coarser1 #gj spdls4 per #a #bbs1 #ge spdls4 per #a #djs1 #hj spdls4 per #a #bci #fjs1 #ij spdls4 per #a #hjs1 #ajj spdls4 per #a ,spinning ,frame1 ,filling ,yarns4 #afs and coarser1 #aaj spdls4 per #a #bbs1 #ij spdls4 per #a #bhs1 #he spdls4 per #a #djs1 #ij spdls4 per #a #gjs1 #ajj spdls4 per #a #ijs1 #aaj spdls4 per #a ,twister1 #dj to #ajj spdls4 per #a ,cone ,winder1 #fe ,drums per #a ,mule ,spinning1 #ij to #abe spdls4 per #a ,spoolers1 #aej to #bej spdls4 per #a ,warper #a_/d ,ball ,warper #a_/b ,slasher #a-a_/b ,plain ,loom1 #dj in4 #a_/d ,wide ,loom1 #ib in4 #a ,reel1 #ej spdls4 #e ,brusher and ,shearer #c ,cloth ,folder #a_/c ,,note--,the above figures are only approximate1 and give a fair average of the power taken to drive the various machines4 ,the speed1 production and many other conditions affect the power consumed4 #bdj ,,belting ,,required ,,for ,,various ,,machines ,for convenience in calculating the quantity of belting required when equipping a mill or ordering supplies1 the following lists have been prepared4 ,actual lengths are stated1 no allowance being made for lap of belts or for splicing bands4 ,all widths shown are for single belts4 ,,hopper ,,bale ,,opener4 ,main ,belt1 #c in4--#h ft4 #f in4 of #b in4 7for #a ,belt74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener ,,with #ah-;,,in4 ,,rigid ,,beater ,,for ,,trunking ,,connection4 ,main ,belt1 #c-a_/b in4--#bi ft4 #d in4 of #b in4 7for #c ,belts74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener ,,with #cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder ,,arranged ,,for ,,trunking ,,connection4 ,main ,belt1 #c-a_/b in4--#cj ft4 #e in4 of #b in4 7for #c ,belts74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#ah-;,,in4 ,,rigid ,,beater7 ,,with ,,one ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #e in4 #cc ft4 #e in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #ei ft4 #e in4 of #b in4 7for #f ,belts74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,with ,,one ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #e in4 #cc ft4 #aj in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #fj ft4 #f in4 of #b in4 7for #f ,belts74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#ah-;,,in4 ,,rigid ,,beater7 ,,with ,,two ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #f in4 #ef ft4 #aa in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #c ,belts74 #ga ft4 #j in4 of #b in4 7for #g ,belts74 ,,self-,,feeding ,,opener 7#cj-;,,in4 ,,cylinder7 ,,with ,,two ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #f in4 #eh ft4 #c in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #c ,belts74 #gb ft4 #a in4 of #b in4 7for #g ,belts74 ,,one ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser4 ,main ,belt1 #e in4 #ae ft4 #c in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #a ,belt74 #cb ft4 #a in4 of #b in4 7for #c ,belts74 #ab ft4 #h in4 of #a-a_/b in4 7for #a ,belt74 ,,two ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,gauge ,,box ,,and ,,condenser4 ,main ,belt1 #f in4 #cc ft4 #e in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #dj ft4 #g in4 of #b in4 7for #d ,belts74 #ab ft4 #h in4 of #a-a_/b in4 7for #a ,belt74 #bda ,,one ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,cage ,,section4 ,main ,belt1 #e in4 #ae ft4 #c in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #a ,belt74 #cc ft4 #b in4 of #b in4 7for #c ,belts74 ,,two ,,beater ,,breaker ,,lapper ,,with ,,cage ,,section4 ,main ,belt1 #f in4 #cc ft4 #e in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #da ft4 #h in4 of #b in4 7for #d ,belts74 ,,one ,,beater ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #d in4 #ae ft4 #c in4 of #c-a_/b4 in4 7for #a ,belt74 #ag ft4 #aj in4 of #b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #d ft4 #f in4 of #a in4 7for #a ,belt74 ,,two ,,beater ,,intermediate ,,or ,,finisher ,,lapper4 ,main ,belt1 #e in4 #cc ft4 #e in4 of #c-a_/b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #bi ft4 #e in4 of #b in4 7for #c ,belts74 #d ft4 #f in4 of #a in4 7for #a ,belt74 ,,revolving ,,flat ,,card4 ,main ,belt1 #c in4 ,without ,slow ,motion4 #ad ft4 #g in4 of #b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #ac ft4 #b in4 of l-#a_/b in4 7for #a ,belt74 #bb ft4 #i in4 of #e_/af in4 dia4 cotton ,banding 7for #c ,bands74 ,with ,slow ,motion4 #ad ft4 #g in4 of #b in4 7for #b ,belts74 #bc ft4 #d in4 of #a in4 7for #b ,belts74 #bb ft4 #i in4 of #e_/af in4 dia4 cotton ,banding 7for #c ,bands74 ,,drawing ,,frame4 ,main ,belt1 #c in4 to #d in4--#i ft4 #i in4 of #a-a_/b-;in4 belt required for each ,head4 ,,slubbing1 ,,intermediate ,,and ,,roving ,,frames4 ,main ,belt1 #c in4 #aa-;in4 or #ab-;in4 lift3 #g ft4 #c in4 of #b-;in4 belt 7for ,cone ,drums74 #i-;in4 or la-in4 lift3 #f ft4 #h in4 of #b-;in4 belt 7for ,cone ,drums74 #h-;in4 lift3 #e ft4 #aa in4 of #b-;in4 belt 7for ,cone ,drums74 #f-;in4 or #g-;in4 lift3 #e ft4 #h in4 of #b-;in4 belt 7for ,cone ,drums74 ,,ring ,,spinning ,,frame ,,and ,,twister4 ,main ,bell1 #c in4 ,,cone ,,winder4 ,main ,belt1 #b-a_/b in4 #bdb ,,shafting4 ,,horse-,,power ,,transmitted ,,by ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,,first ,,movers ,,or ,,head ,,shafts ,,well ,,supported ,,by ,,bearings4 ,illustration ,the above table is figured by the following rule3 ,multiply the cube of the diameter of the shaft by the revolutions per minute and divide by #ajj4 #bdc ,the table on the opposite page applies to head shafts supported by bearings close to each side of the main pulley so as to wholly guard against the transverse strain4 ,to find the diameter of shaft necessary to carry safely the main pulley at the center of a bay1 use the table given below in connection with the one on the opposite page4 ,illustration #bdd ,,shafting4 ,,horse-,,power ,,transmitted ,,by ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,,second ,,movers ,,or ,,line ,,shafts ,,with ,,bearings #h ,,feet ,,apart4 ,illustration ,the above table is figured by the following rule3 ,multiply the cube of the diameter of the shaft by the revolutions per minute and divide by #ej4 #bde ,the table on the opposite page applies to ,line ,shafts with bearings #h feet apart4 ,to find the proper diameter for ,line ,shafts with bearings any other distance apart1 multiply the diameter given in the table on the opposite page by the ,constant ,number corresponding to the distance between bearings in the table below4 ,illustration #bdf ,,horse-,,power ,,of ,,single ,,belts4 ,,pulleys--#ajj ,r4 ,p4 ,m4--,,belt ,,contact #a_/b ,,circum4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on one ,horse-power per inch of width for each #hjj feet per minute belt speed4 ,the horse-power for other pulley speeds in proportion4 #bdg ,,horse-,,power ,,of ,,double ,,belts4 ,,pulleys--#ajj ,r4 ,p4 ,m4--,,belt ,,contact #a_/b ,,circum4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on one ,horse-power per inch of width for each #ejj feet per minute belt speed4 ,the horse-power for other pulley speeds in proportion4 #bdh ,,horse-,,power ,,of ,,double ,,belts4 ,,pulleys--#ajj ,r4 ,p4 ,m4--,,belt ,,contact #a_/b ,,circum4 ,illustration ,,note--,the above table is based on one ,horse-power per inch of width for each #ejj feet per minute belt speed4 ,the horse-power for other pulley speeds in proportion4 #bdi ,,useful ,,constants1 ,,etc4 #a pint of water weighs a pound and a quarter4 #a gal4 of water 4#afje cu4 ft4 #aj lb4 of water at #fb degrees ,f4 #a knot #fjhj ft4 #a4ae statute miles4 #a lb4 7avoirdupois7 #g1jjj grains #dec4f grammes4 #a lb4 7,troy7 #e1gfj grains4 #a ,english h4 p4 #cc1jjj ft4 lbs4 of work done per min4 #gdf watts4 #a ,french h4 p4 or force de cheval #d1ejj kilogram metres per min4 4#ihfc ,english h4 p4 #a ,english h4 p4 #a4jache ,french force de cheval4 #a board of trade electrical unit #a1jjj watts per hour4 ,volts ,x amperes watts4 ,the pressure of one atmosphere #ad4g lbs4 per sq4 in4 #b1aaf lbs4 per sq4 ft4 a column of mercury #gfj m_/m high4 ,a column of water #b4c ft4 high corresponds to a pressure of #a lb4 per sq4 in4 ,cubic inches of cast iron ,x #j4bf lbs4 avoirdupois4 ,cubic inches of wrought iron ,x #j4bh lbs4 avoirdupois4 ,thickness of wrought iron plate in inches ,x #dj lbs4 per sq4 ft4 ,sectional area of wrought iron in inches ,x #c4cd lbs4 per lineal ft4 ,dia4 of wrought iron in inches squared ,x #b4fd lbs4 per lineal ft4 ,,circumferences ,,of ,,circles1 ,,advancing ,,by #h,,ths4 ,illustration ,circum4 of a circle dia4 ,x #c4adaf ,,mensuration ,,of ,,surfaces1 ,,solids1 ,,etc4 ,area of triangle base ,x half the perpendicular height4 ,area of circle dia4squared ,x #j4ghed4 ,circum4 of circle dia4 ,x #c4adaei4 ,circum4 of circle ,x 4#cahca the dia4 ,dia4 of circle ,x 4#hhfb the side of an equal square4 ,side of a square ,x #a4abhcg the dia4 of equal circle4 ,square root of an area ,x #a4abhcg the dia4 of equal circle4 ,surface of cylinder area of both ends length ,x circum4 ,surface of cone area of base #a_/b 7slant height ,x circum4 of base74 ,surface of sphere dia4 squared ,x #c4adaei4 ,solidity of sphere dia4 cubed ,x 4#ebcf4 ,solidity of cylinder area of one end ,x length4 #bej ,,data ,,on ,,manila ,,transmission ,,rope4 7,,american ,,mfg4 ,,co47 ,illustration ,weight of transmission rope 4#cd ,x dia4#b ,breaking strength #g1jjj ,x dia4#b ,maximum allowable tension #bjj ,x dia4#b ,dia4 smallest practicable sheave4 #cf ,x dia4 ,velocity of rope 7assumed7 #e1djj ft4 per minute4 #bea ,,horse-,,power ,,transmitted ,,by ,,manila ,,rope4 ,illustration ,,sag ,,of ,,manila ,,rope ,,on ,,driving ,,and ,,slack ,,sides4 ,illustration #beb ,,number ,,of ,,ring ,,and ,,mule ,,spindles ,,in ,,united ,,states4 7,,depart4 ,,of ,,commerce ,,and ,,labor ,,report1 #aijh47 ,ring ,mule ,total ,maine #gfd1jfd #bad1abd #igh1ahh ,new ,hampshire #a1jde1bhc #bge1bbj #a1cbj1ejc ,vermont #hj1fhh #bf1fcf #ajg1cbd ,massachusetts #g1jfj1igg #b1che1djc #i1ddf1chj ,rhode ,island #a1def1dga #ica1fbf #b1chh1aje ,connecticut #ghi1hfj #dej1dcf #a1bdj1bif ,new ,york #dgd1aed #ded1afb #ibh1caf ,pennsylvania #acd1bfh #acd1jdb #bfh1caj ,new ,jersey #ajh1fij #cch1cci #ddg1jbi ,maryland #aea1jjj #aea1jjj ,virginia #bhi1fci #e1idj #bie1egi ,north ,carolina #b1heb1edj #ia1hfd #b1idd1djd ,south ,carolina #c1gjj1igd #ab1jcb #c1gac1jjf ,alabama #ica1jcj #h1iab #ici1idb ,georgia #a1fid1gfh #ih1jbb #a1gib1gij ,louisiana #hb1beb #g1cjj #hi1eeb ,mississippi #agc1aaa #aje #agc1baf ,kentucky #eh1ehj #bg1abj #he1gjj ,tennessee #bec1ddh #aa1gej #bfe1aih ,texas #ajc1gjh #c1baf #ajf1ibd ,indiana #aba1jdg #af1bcj #acg1bgg ,all other ,states #abh1ggb #af1egf #ade1cdh ,total #bb1dee1ccb #e1eji1jee #bg1ifd1chg #bec ,,world',s ,,cotton ,,spindles4 7,,depart4 ,,of ,,commerce ,,and ,,labor ,,report1 #aijh47 ,united ,states #bg1ifd1chg ,europe3 ,united ,kingdom #eb1hag1ehb ,germany #i1hhb1eje ,russia #g1hee1baj ,france #f1gca1caf ,italy #d1aha1jjj ,austria-,hungary #d1jbf1dfj ,spain #a1hej1jjj ,switzerland #a1dic1jab ,belgium #a1afb1jda ,portugal #dej1jjj ,netherlands #cif1afj ,sweden #cij1jjj ,denmark #gg1fdd ,norway #gd1icf ,all other ,europe #ahe1jjj ,british ,india #e1fii1hih ,japan #a1eej1ibi ,china #gej1jjj ,brazil #a1cjj1jjj ,mexico #gcj1jjj ,canada #gie1bic ,other countries #aej1jjj ,total #acj1eac1cgc