,,guatemala  ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,( ,,!       
,,future   ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( 
,,8 ,,excell5cy ,,presid5t ,,don        
,,manuel ,,e/rada ,,cabr]a4             
,,guatemala  ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,( ,,!       
,,future   ,a ,,monograph   ,,by ,,*>les
 ,m4 ,,pepp]   ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #aijf 
,,cont5ts4   ,,*apt]4                   
,,page4   ,i4 ,a ,brief ,description    
#i   ,,ii4 ,a ,progressive ,presid5t & 8
 ,policies      #bj  ,,iii4 ,! ,soil &  
its ,ri*es                       #cj    
,,iv4 ,trade & ,m>kets                  
#de    ,v4 ,climate & ,immigration      
#ef   ,,vi4 ,int]national ,relations    
#fd  ,,vii4 ,! ,l& ( ,travel & ,hi/ory  
#gj          99       99       99       
99       99   ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 
,portrait ( ,8 ,excell5cy ,presid5t ,don
 ,manuel ,e/rada ,cabr]a                
,frontispiece  ,monum5t to ,columbus    
opposite #af  ,presid5t & ,memb]s (     
,cab9et                  #bd  ,vi/a (   
,aguna ,plantation                      
#cb  ,bridge ov] ,motagua ,riv]         

#dj  ,/reet 9 ,escu9tla                 
#fj  ,plaza ( ,jocot5ango1 ,guatemala   
,city              #fh  ,l&scape (      
,gua/otoya ,riv]                     #gb
     ,,public ,,(ficials4   ,presid5t & 
,cab9et4  ,s5or ,,don ,,manuel ,,e/rada 
,,cabr]a1 ,presid5t ( ! ,republic4      
,s5or ,,don ,,juan ,,b>rios1 ,m4 ,m9i/] 
( ,=eign ,relations4  ,s5or ,,don ,,juan
 ,j4 ,,argueta1 ,m9i/] ( ,gov]nm5t &    
,ju/ice4  ,s5or ,,don ,,jose ,,flam5co1 
,m9i/] ( ,public ,improvem5t 7,fom5to74 
,s5or ,,g5]al ,,don ,,luis ,,mol9a1     
,m9i/] ( ,w>4  ,s5or ,,don ,,guill]mo   
,,aguirre1 ,m9i/] ( ! ,treasury4  ,s5or 
,,don ,j4 ,,antonio ,,m&ujano1 ,m9i/] ( 
,public ,in/ruction4     ,,m9i/] ,,&    
,,consuls ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4      
,s5or ,,don ,,jorge ,,munoz1 ,envoy     
,extraord9>y & ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y1    
,highl&s1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4  ,,joaqu9   
,,yela1 ,consul ,g5]al1 #b ,/one ,/41   
,new ,york ,city4  ,d4 ,,k+sl&1 ,consul 
,g5]al1 #aeba ,n4 #aa? ,/41 ,/4 ,l\is1  
,mo4  ,,felipe ,,galicia ,v41 ,consul   

,g5]al1 #dba ,m>ket ,/41 ,san           
,francisco1 ,cal4  ,c4 ,,morton ,,/ew>t1
 ,jr41 ,consul ,g5]al1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 
,,julio ,,novella1 ,consul ,g5]al1 ,p4  
,o4 ,box #acgd1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4     
,,%irley ,,craw=d1 ,consul1 ,l\isville1 
,ky4  ,,gu/avo ,,ni$]le91 ,consul1      
,philadelphia1 ,pa4  ,,edw9 ,r4 ,,hea?1 
,consul1 #bah ,rialto ,bldg41 ,kansas   
,city1 ,kans4  ,,b5jam9 ,,pre/on ,,cl>k1
 ,consul1 #ib ,wat] ,/41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 
,,vic5te ,j4 ,,vidal1 ,vice-,consul1    
,p5sacola1 ,fla4  ,,manuel ,,m>ia       
,,sama1 ,consul1 ,mayaguez1 ,p4 ,r4  ,m4
 ,,m]r[1 ,consul1 ,galve/on1 ,texas4    
,,&res ,j4 ,,balliet1 ,consul1 ,seattle1
 ,wa%4  ,,ormond ,w4 ,,foll91 ,consul1  
,san ,diego1 ,cal4     ,,unit$ ,,/ates  
,,m9i/] ,,& ,,consuls ,,9 ,,guatemala4  
,,leslie ,,combs1 ,envoy ,extraord9>y & 
,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y1 ,guatemala ,city4 
,,alfr$ ,a4 ,,w9sl[1 ,consul ,g5]al1    
,guatemala ,city4  ,,william ,,ow51 ,v4 
,d4 ,consul ,g5]al1 ,guatemala ,city4   
,,c>l ,g4 ,,heitman1 ,consul> ,ag5t1    

,*amp]ico4  ,,edw>d ,,re$1 ,consul>     
,ag5t1 ,liv+/on4  ,,samuel ,,wol=d1     
,consul> ,ag5t1 ,ocos4  ,,frank ,,sims  
,,swan1 ,consul> ,ag5t1 ,san ,jose de   
,guatemala4     ,,*apt] ,i4  ,a ,,brief 
,,description4   ,! ,republic (         
,guatemala1 :i* "n is d]iv$ f ! ,indian 
^w ,quanhitemallan1 signify+ l& cov]$ ) 
trees1 has be5 describ$ z ! privileg$   
zone ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,?is is because 
( its res\rces1 its climate1 & its      
accessibility4  ,! c\ntry is easily     
rea*$ f all directions ?r\gh its        
seaports on bo? ! ,pacific & ,atlantic  
,oceans & ?r\gh its rapidly gr[+ sy/em (
 railways4 ,f ,cali=nia1 f ! neighbor+  
ports ( o!r ,c5tral ,am]ican c\ntries & 
f ,panama !re is regul> & reliable      
/eam%ip s]vice on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,on !
 ,atlantic or ,gulf side f ,new ,york1  
,new ,orleans1 ,galve/on & ,mobile !re  
is frequ5t /eam%ip s]vice1 :ile !re is  
also connection at ,colon ) ,engli% &   
,g]man l9es4 ,! /eam]s on ! ,pacific    
coa/ connect at ,san ,jose ) !          

,guatemala ,c5tral ,railway1 :i* af=ds  
easy means ( arriv+ at ! capital city & 
! great c(fee-rais+ di/ricts4 ,^! are   
rea*$ by ! bran* to ,mazat5ango1 :i* =ms
 a junction ) ! ,occid5tal ,railway     
betwe5 ,*amp]ico & ,san ,felipe4 ,on !  
,atlantic side is ,pu]to ,b>rios1 :i* w 
d]ive additional importance f ! e>ly    
completion ( ! ,nor!rn ,railway & :i* w 
place ,new ,orleans )9 five days or less
 ( ,guatemala ,city1 ,*icago six days1 &
 ,new ,york sev5 days4 ,besides ! means 
( communication af=d$ jo9tly by !       
/eam%ip l9es & ! railroads at an e>ly   
date !re w be complete & un9t]rupt$     
railway communication ) ,/4 ,l\is & o!r 
po9ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley ?r\gh    
,mexico4 ,! means ( communication &     
transportation are giv5 m fully lat] on4
  ,geographically ! ,republic (         
,guatemala is ! he>t ( int]tropical     
,am]ica4 ,x is ! mo/ nor!rn "p ( ,c5tral
 ,am]ica1 9 %ape l a polygon1 ) ! s\!rn 
side ! longe/4 ,x lies approximately    
betwe5 nor? latitude #ac deg4 & #db' &  

#ag deg4 & #di'1 & betwe5 #hh deg4 &    
#aj' & #ib deg4 & #cj' longitude we/ (  
,gre5wi*4 ,its area is #ej1fjj squ>e    
miles--! greate/ l5g? f nor? to s\? be+ 
#cfj & f ea/ to we/ #cij miles4 ,!      
,pacific coa/ l9e ) ind5tations is ne>ly
 #djj miles & ! ,atlantic l9e ab\t #aej 
miles 9 l5g?4   ,,/rik+ ,,physical      
,,aspects4  ,9 its physical aspects     
,guatemala is a c\ntry ( m\nta9s1       
tropical =e/s1 lakes & riv]s & coa/     
pla9s4 ,x 0 describ$ by ,humboldt m ?an 
"o hundr$ ye>s ago z extremely f]tile & 
well cultivat$1 & ?is description holds 
good to-day1 ?\gh !re are va/ areas (   
ri* agricultural l& yet op5 to pr(itable
 cultivation & only await+ immigration  
to develop _! ri*ness4  ,! ,guatemalan  
,&es consi/ ( ?ree m9or m\nta9 sy/ems4  
,^! are ! nor!rn zone1 *iefly ( d5ud$   
cones1 #a1ejj to #b1jjj feet 9 height1 )
 pla9s ly+ betwe5 !m2 ! c5tral zone     
consi/+ ( ranges & *a9s runn+ ea/ & we/ 
) _m m>k$ elevations ris+ f #g1jjj to   
#ad1jjj feet2 & ! s\!rn zone consi/+ (  

eruptive *a9s :i* culm9ate 9 _m notable 
volcanic peaks1 "s ( :i* are m ?an      
#ad1jjj feet 9 height4 ,^! are kn[n z ! 
,cordill]as & !y p>allel ! ,pacific     
,ocean4  ,!re are ?ree riv] sy/ems      
empty+ respectively into ! ,gulf (      
,mexico1 ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific4 ,"s (
 ! /reams fl[+ into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico   
are navigable by /eamboats ( light      
draught4  ,( ! ,atlantic tribut>ies !   
pr9cipal riv]s are ! ,s>/oon1 ! ,motagua
 & ! ,dulce2 ! latt] empties into !     
,gulf ( ,honduras4 ,navigation is       
possible on ! ,motagua = ab\t #ge miles 
f ! m\?4 ,! riv]s fl[+ into ! ,pacific  
include ! ,paz1 ! ,su*iate1 & !         
,patulul4 ,^! h _! s\rces 9 ! ,&ean     
,cordill]as or ! neighbor+ highl&s4 ,!re
 is also ! ,mi*atoya :i* is navigable = 
small boats to its conflu5ce ) ! ,m>ia  
,l9da4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a few ( ! riv]s 
on ! s\!rn coa/ might be made navigable 
= %ort di/ances ) boats ( v light       
draught4  ,guatemala has a s]ies ( inl& 
lakes :i* include ,izabal1 ,atitlan1    

,amatitlan1 :i* are capable ( /eam      
navigation2 ,pet51 ,ay>za & ,guija4 ,!  
l>ge/ ( ^! is ,lake ,izabal1 :i* is #eh 
miles long by #ab miles 9 wid? & :i* has
 its outlet ?r\gh ! ,dulce ,riv] into ! 
,gulf ( ,honduras4  ,! cities &         
municipal di/ricts hav+ a population (  
#aj1jjj & upw>ds are z foll[s3          
,,"n4              ,,population4        
,guatemala ,city         #ajj1jjj       
,antigua                 #aj1jjj        
,quezalt5ango           #be1jjj         
,totonicapan             #cc1jjj        
,coban                   #bc1jjj        
,*iquimula              #ac1jjj         
,jalapa                  #ac1jjj        
,escu9tla               #ac1jjj         
,salama                  #ac1jjj        
,amatitlan               #aj1jjj        
,zacapa                  #ab1jjj        
,flores                  #ac1jjj        
,jutiapa                 #ad1jjj        
,huehuet5ango           #aj1jjj         
,retalhuleu              #aj1jjj        
,solola                  #ae1jjj        

,mazat5ango             #aj1jjj         
,san ,m>cos              #aj1jjj        
,atitlan                 #aj1jjj   ,,!  
,,h&some ,,capital ,,city4  ,guatemala1 
! capital1 is ! l>ge/ city 9 ,c5tral    
,am]ica4 ,! location is unusually       
heal?y1 be+ #e1jjj feet above sea level4
 ,! city is laid out on a spl5did scale 
) _m f9e av5ues & p>ks4 ,x is improv+   
its sy/em ( tramways by *ang+ to        
electricity z ! motor p[]4 ,! public    
build+s are especially notable4 ,among !
 pr9cipal ones are ! ,palaces ( !       
,gov]nm5t1 ! ,presid5cy1 ! ,legislative 
,p[]1 ! ,judicial ,p[]1 ! ,municipality1
 & ! ,ar*bi%opric2 ! ,ca!dral & o!r     
magnific5t *ur*es2 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public  
,improvem5t 7,fom5to71 ! ,m9t1 !        
,cons]vatory ( ,music1 ! g5]al (fices ( 
acc\nts1 ( police1 & ( liquors & int]nal
 rev5ue2 ! cu/om-h\se1 ! national       
in/itutes ( "y m51 ( "y ladies & ( !    
native race1 ! fir/ ( :i* is provid$ ) a
 meteorological obs]vatory2 ! s*ools (  
law1 m$ic9e1 eng9e]+1 polyte*ny1 & arts2

 ! *ildr5's college & a l>ge numb] (    
public s*ools2 ! ,colon !atre2 ! regi/ry
 ( real e/ate1 ! national pr9t+-(fice1 !
 po/-(fice1 ! ,national ,museum2 !      
milit>y hospital1 & ! g5]al hospitals1 !
 asylums = ! insane & = convalesc5ts &  
invalids2 ! c5tral & ! ,calv>y m>kets2 !
 p5it5ti>y & ! artill]y1 cavalry1 &     
,gu>d ( ,honor & ,san ,francisco        
b>racks2 ,san ,jose & ,matamoros =ts1 & 
a v l>ge numb] ( o!r impos+ edifices4 ,!
 ,am]ican ,club1 :i* has sev]al hundr$  
memb]s1 mo/ly citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 occupies f9e qu>t]s4  ,"s ( ! p>ks1    
plazas1 & public drives are adorn$ ) v  
beautiful m>ble or bronze /atues4 ,among
 ! pr9cipal ones are ! bronze monum5t ( 
,*ri/oph] ,columbus 9 ! c5tral p>k & !  
m>ble "o ( ! same hi/oric p]sonage 9 !  
g>d5 ( ! ,colon ,!atre2 t ( ,g5]al ,j4  
,ruf9o ,b>rios & t ( ,don ,miguel ,g>cia
 ,granados 9 ! b\lev>d ( ! ,re=ma2 & t (
 ,fri> ,b>tolomew de ,las ,casas 9 !    
campus ( ! ,in/itute ( ! ,indian race4  
,! la/ ?ree /atues are ( bronze4  ,!    

seaports ( ,guatemala are ( a v>i$ "*4  
,_! value gr[s e day because ( !        
increas$ comm]ce t is result+ f !       
developm5t ( ! c\ntry "u ! indu/rial    
policies ( ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a4   
,on ! ,atlantic ! lead+ ports are       
,liv+/on1 ,izabal1 ,santo ,tomas1 &     
,pu]to ,b>rios4 ,( ^! ,pu]to ,b>rios is 
easily fir/4 ,x lies at ! extremity ( ! 
,gulf ( ,amatique1 is spaci\s & is well 
protect$ aga9/ w9ds4 ,z ! t]m9us ( !    
,guatemalan ,nor!rn ,railway x is assur$
 ( a v ext5sive trade bo? 9 exports & 9 
imports4 ,pu]to ,b>rios is n only a     
receiv+ & di/ribut+ c5t] = ,guatemala1 b
 also = a consid]able portion ( !       
neighbor+ ,republic ( ,salvador1 :i* has
 no port on ! ,atlantic4  ,! *ief ports 
on ! ,pacific side are ,san ,jose1      
,*amp]ico1 & ,ocos4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ am\nt
 ( bus9ess is done ?r\gh ! port ( ,san  
,jose1 :i* is ! t]m9us ( ! ,guatemalan  
,c5tral ,railroad4 ,x has ext5sive quays
 & o!r facilities = navigation4         
,,ocean ,,transportation ,,facilities4  

,guatemala is well suppli$ ) ocean      
transportation facilities1 sev]al ( !   
/eam%ip companies receiv+ aid f !       
gov]nm5t4 ,on ! ,pacific coa/ !re is !  
,pacific ,mail :i* ma9ta9s a regul>     
=tnightly s]vice ) extra vessels dur+ ! 
c(fee season & :i* t\*es at ! ports     
betwe5 ,san ,francisco & ,panama4 ,!    
,g]man l9e kn[n z ! ,kosmos puts !      
,guatemalan ports 9 communication ) !   
,we/ ,coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica z well z ) !  
ports ( ,cali=nia & ,mexico4 ,x c>ries  
bo? pass5g]s & freight4 ,!re are also   
num]\s small coa/+ vessels4 ,x is       
probable t s]vice w be resum$ by ! v>i\s
 ,*ilean l9es :i* =m]ly proce$$ to ,san 
,francisco1 t\*+ at ,guatemalan & o!r   
ports1 b :i* ( rec5t ye>s h n gone nor? 
( ,panama4 ,all ! vessels h excell5t    
pass5g] accommodations4  ,f ! ,atlantic 
ports !re are %ips engag$ 9 ! fruit     
trade ) ,new ,york & ,bo/on1 "s ( :i*   
c>ry pass5g]s4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 pass5g]s
 pref] to travel by way ( ,new ,orleans 
or ,mobile1 f ei!r ( :i* cities e       

,?ursday !re is a vessel ply+ directly  
to ,pu]to ,b>rios4 ,! mo/ complete      
s]vice is t ma9ta9$ by ! ,unit$ ,fruit  
,company4  ,9 view ( ! gr[+ developm5t  
on ! ,atlantic slope & ( ! comm]ce :i*  
is c]ta9 to result !re is an excell5t   
opportunity = an increas$ /eam%ip s]vice
 ) ! ports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! "t c\ld
 be greatly less5$ ) advantages bo? 9 ! 
transportation ( freight & 9 ! b5efit to
 pass5g]s4 ,! policy ( ! gov]nm5t t[>ds 
/eam%ip l9es bo? z relates to port *>ges
 & to o!r measures is a mo/ lib]al "o & 
e inducem5t is (f]$ to engage 9 furni%+ 
additional facilities1 :i* w %ort5 ! "t 
betwe5 ! diff]5t po9ts & increase !     
frequ5cy ( communication4   ,,gr[? ,,(  
,,railroad ,,sy/em4  ,! railway sy/em ( 
,guatemala "u ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t
 ,e/rada ,cabr]a is c]ta9 to be ! mo/   
useful means ( develop+ ! c\ntry4 ,e    
enc\ragem5t is giv5 to capital to engage
 9 railroad ent]prises4 ,! g5]al plan   
includes bo? an int]oceanic railroad &  
l9ks 9 ! int]cont95tal or nor? & s\?    

l9es4 ,no measure ( ,presid5t ,e/rada   
,cabr]a's adm9i/ration has be5 ( great] 
importance ?an 8 action 9 secur+ !      
completion ( ! ,nor!rn ,railway1 :i* w  
be op5 = traffic ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?
 by ! end ( #aijf4 ,?is places ! capital
 & ! :ole int]ior ( ! c\ntry 9 direct   
communication ) ,pu]to ,b>rios & insures
 a v heavy decrease 9 ! co/ ( freight   
bo? = ! agricultural exports & = !      
m]*&ise & o!r imports4 ,! l9e runs f    
,guatemala ,city to ,el ,ran*o & !nce to
 ,pu]to ,b>rios4 ,at v>i\s times        
concessions 7 giv5 = build+ ! diff]5t   
sections1 b circum/ances caus$ _m ( !m  
to be almo/ ab&on$4  ,9 ! face ( repeat$
 disc\ragem5ts ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a
 took up ! subject ) resolute _s & ) !  
sanction ( ! ,national ,assembly made a 
contract ) a syndicate ( :i* ! pr9cipals
 7 ,sir ,william ,c4 ,van ,horne1 !     
celebrat$ railroad man1 :o complet$ !   
,canadian ,pacific ,railway 9 ! face (  
monum5tal difficulties & :o subsequ5tly 
built ! ,cuba ,c5tral ,railway2 & ,m9or 

,c4 ,kei?1 ( ! ,unit$ ,fruit ,company1  
:o = a ?ird ( a c5tury _h be5 id5tifi$ )
 v>i\s successful ent]prises 9 ,c5tral  
,am]ica4 ,subsequ5tly ! ,guatemala      
,c5tral ,railway took a %>e 9 !         
ent]prise & also ,g]man bank+ & c(fee   
int]e/s4 ,"u ! contract no export duty  
is to be laid on agricultural exports   
transport$ ov] ! railroad except c(fee &
 ! ,company is giv5 ! "r to fix its     
pass5g] & freight *>ges on a gold basis4
 ,!re 7 _m eng9e]+ difficulties to be   
ov]come1 ! *iefe/ ( :i* 0 ! bridg+ ( !  
,motagua ,riv]4 ,! mat]ial = ?is railway
 con/ruction 0 import$ pr9cipally f !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! rails f ,m>yl& & !     
bridgework across ! ,motagua & o!r riv]s
 f ,pittsburg4  ,! importance ( ?is     
,nor!rn ,railway to ! developm5t (      
,guatemala is incalculable4 ,x insures !
 op5+ up ( a v ri* c\ntry :i* means a   
great addition to ! exports ( ,guatemala
 & x also %\ld br+ a l>ge immigration   
because ( ! facilities = easy           
communication & access to ! m>kets ( !  

,unit$ ,/ates :i* x w af=d4 ,) !        
op]ation ( ! ,nor!rn ,railway 9         
connection ) ! ,guatemala ,c5tral1 !    
c\ntry w h a ?r\gh railway l9e f !      
,atlantic to ! ,pacific ocean1 #bgj     
miles 9 l5g?4 ,:ile ! int]ior developm5t
 is ! *ief b5efit ( ?is ?r\gh railway   
sy/em1 x is n unlikely t dur+ ! ye>s t  
mu/ pass until ! ,panama ,canal is      
complet$ "s ( ! int]national traffic :i*
 _c be accommodat$ on ! railway l9e     
across ! ,i/hmus w f9d a *eap &         
exp$iti\s passage across ,guatemala4    
,on ! ,pacific slope ! lead+ railway    
sy/em is ! ,guatemala ,c5tral4 ,x 0     
built by ,c4 ,p4 ,hunt+ton & is "o ( !  
be/ railroads any:]e s\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e4
 ,?\gh ( n>r[ gauge ! roadb$ 0 laid =   
/&>d gauge1 & ?is *ange c be made at any
 "t4 ,unlike mo/ =eign railways !       
,guatemala ,c5tral ma9ta9s ! ,am]ican   
sy/em ( *eck+ baggage4 ,its ma9 l9e &   
bran*es cov] ! c(fee-rais+ di/ricts ( ! 
,pacific coa/ section ( ,guatemala4 ,!  
,occid5tal ,railroad has ab\t #ej miles 

( track & ! ,ocos l9e #bj miles4 ,bo? ( 
^! are on ! ,pacific slope4             
,,compreh5sive ,,railway ,,policy4  ,x  
is wor? kn[+ t :ile ! int]oceanic l9e   
approa*es completion ,guatemala is mak+ 
decid$ progress 9 ! l9ks ( !            
,pan-,am]ican or int]cont95tal nor? &   
s\? trunk l9e4 ,f a junction ) ! ,nor!rn
 a bran* w run s\? to ,zacapa &         
ultimately w be ext5d$ into ,salvador4  
,t[>ds ! nor? !re is only a section (   
#cj miles to be complet$ 9 ord] to      
prolong ! ,guatemalan sy/em to ,ayutla  
on ! bord] ( ,mexico & ?is w be done z  
soon z ! ext5sion ( ! ,mexican l9es to !
 b\nd>y are complet$4 ,^! ext5sions are 
to be f9i%$ )9 two ye>s1 s x may        
reasonably be said t by ! end ( #aijg1  
if n soon]1 a ?r\gh railway j\rney w be 
possible f ,san ,francisco1 ,*icago1 or 
,new ,york to ! capital ( ,guatemala4 ,!
 importance ( ?is railway build+ 0 %[n  
by ,s5ator ,/eph5 ,b4 ,elk9s1 ! *airman 
( ! ,s5ate ,committee on ,int]/ate      
,comm]ce1 9 a spee* made at ! d9n] giv5 

! ,pan-,am]ican ,railway ,committee by !
 ,hon4 ,h4 ,g4 ,davis4 ,9 8 spee*       
,s5ator ,elk9s said t ! freight on      
c(fee1 :i* n[ approximates #bj p] ton or
 #a1jjj on a c>load ( #ej tons1 w\ld be 
*eap5$ till x came d[n to #bej p]       
c>load1 or #e p] ton4  ,illu/ration3    
,,monum5t ,,to ,,columbus4  ,! railroad 
laws ( ,guatemala are ?us expla9$ 9 my  
(ficial report z ,commission] ( !       
,pan-,am]ican ,railway3  ,! railways (  
,guatemala are regulat$ by ! provisions 
( ! ,comm]cial ,code & by ! g5]al       
railway law kn[n z ,decree ,no4 #eff1   
dat$ ,febru>y #a1 #ahih4 ,by ! t]ms (   
?is decree p]sons or companies seek+    
fran*ises are requir$ to submit ! plans 
to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,fom5to2 :5 indors$ by 
t ,dep>tm5t ! sanction ( ! ,c\ncil (    
,/ate is s\ght1 & f9ally ! approval ( ! 
,national ,legislature4 ,all contracts  
celebrat$ by ! executive p[] h to be    
approv$ by ! ,national ,legislature4 ,! 
contracts may be ) designat$            
individuals1 ) p]sons act+ = o!rs1 or = 

companies t are to be =m$4  ,concessions
 c be grant$ ) subsidy or )\t x1        
gu>antee+ or n ! capital :i* may be     
inve/$1 ) an int]e/ proportionate to !  
product4 ,! ,gov]nm5t %all include 9 !  
e/imates ! %>e ( pecuni>y               
responsibilities requir$ = fulfill+ !   
obligation contract$4  ,! ,/ate may     
exempt ! ent]prise f ! paym5t ( e class 
( contributions1 f ! use ( /amp$ pap] & 
fiscal dues1 = ! "t :i* x may consid] j 
or opportune1 b 9 e in/ance ! exemptions
 %all be specifi$ 9 ! contract4  ,! "r (
 em95t doma9 or expropriation = ! b5efit
 ( grantees hold+ fran*ises is en=c$4 ,!
 ,gov]nm5t also und]takes to procure    
uni=mity 9 ! gauge & ! rails4  ,!       
,gov]nm5t (f]s e inducem5t to promote ! 
ext5sion & developm5t ( railroads 9 !   
c\ntry4 ,! be/ evid5ce ( its policy t[>d
 legitimate & g5u9e capital is %[n 9 !  
t]ms ( ! contract = ! completion ( !    
,nor!rn ,railroad4  ,! eng9e]+          
difficulties ( railroad con/ruction 9   
,guatemala are n grave1 z ! l9es skirt !

 foo?ills ( ! great agricultural        
regions4 ,! imm5se natural res\rces1    
consi/+ ( ! products bo? ( ! tropical & 
! temp]ate climates1 su* z c(fee1 sug>1 
tobacco1 ! c]eals2 ! va/ pa/urage = live
 /ock2 ! undevelop$ timb] indu/ries1 & !
 unexploit$ m9es1 all op5 up prospects =
 pr(itable traffic4  ,9 addition to its 
railways ,guatemala seeks to ma9ta9 a   
complete sy/em ( highways or c>t roads4 
,among ! mo/ important c>t roads :i* h  
rec5tly be5 built or are n[ "u          
con/ruction1 are ^? f ! capital to ,san 
,juan ,sacatepequez1 ,san ,p$ro & ,san  
,raymundo4 ,!re is also a c>t road      
betwe5 ,huehuet5ango & ,quezalt5ango2 "o
 f ,coban to ,qui*e :i* w jo9 !         
dep>tm5ts ( ! nor? ) ! ri* we/]n section
 ( ! ,republic2 f ,totonicapan to       
,qui*e2 t betwe5 ,ovej]o & ,trujillo1   
:i* w place 9 communication ! dep>tm5ts 
( ,jutiapa & ,jalapa2 t f ,tumbador to  
,san ,m>cos2 t f ,solola to ,panaja*el2 
t f ,*icacao to ,nahualate2 & f9ally !  
highway f ,san ,j]onimo & ,ran*o ,san   

,augu/91 :i* w jo9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,baja   
,v]apaz ) ,zacapa4 ,all ^! roads s]ve z 
new art]ies = ! developm5t & ! enl>gem5t
 ( comm]ce & agriculture & ?is has be5 !
 special c>e ( ,presid5t ,e/rada        
,cabr]a1 :o has provid$ ! means = op5+1 
:]ev] possible1 ! necess>y ways (       
communication4  ,di/ances betwe5 !      
capital city & ! pr9cipal po9ts ( !     
c\ntry are z foll[s3        ,,guatemala 
,,to               ,,miles4             
,antigua                        #bg     
,*imalt5ango                  #cf       
,amatitlan                      #ah     
,escu9tla                      #dca_/b  
,cuaj9iquilapa                 #db      
,solola                         #ij     
,totonicapan                   #aaa     
,quezalt5ango                 #abj      
,mazat5ango                   #ach      
,retalhuleu                    #aec     
,san ,m>cos                    #afe     
,huehuet5ango                 #aie      
,santa ,cruz de ,qui*e           #if    
,salama                         #fi     

,coban                         #abf     
,flores                        #cba     
,izabal                        #baf     
,zacapa                        #abf     
,*iquimula                    #ace      
,jalapa                         #ge     
,jutiapa                        #hg     
,,po/al ,,& ,,cable ,,s]vice4  ,! means 
( facilitat+ int]c\rse bo? among its own
 p & ) ! outside _w has always be5      
enc\rag$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,guatemala4  ,!
 ,republic is a memb] ( ! ,int]national 
,po/al ,union4 ,x has an excell5t       
po/-(fice s]vice1 bo? =eign & dome/ic4  
,complete in=mation is giv5 9 ! ,po/al  
,code ( ! ,republic4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye> !  
numb] ( pieces ( mail receiv$ 9 all !   
(fices ( ! ,republic 0 ne>ly #e1jjj1jjj1
 :ile ! mail matt] transmitt$ am\nt$ to 
#c1fec1jjj sep>ate pieces4 ,! telegraph 
& telephone are nationaliz$ & are       
controll$ & op]at$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 ?\gh 
!re are also "s private telephone l9es 9
 ! capital4 ,! national telegraph l9es h
 a total l5g? ( ab\t #e1cjj kilomet]s1  

#c1bij miles1 & ! telephone l9es ( #ejj 
kilomet]s1 #caj miles4 ,! numb] (       
telegrams transmitt$ 9 a giv5 ye> 0     
#a1ajf1hcb4 ,! ,gov]nm5t is con/antly   
con/ruct+ new l9es bo? = telegraph &    
telephone s]vice4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re   
are ne>ly #bjj telegraph (fices & ab\t  
#ajj telephone (fices4 ,! rates bo? =   
telegraph & telephone messages1 :i* are 
payable 9 ,guatemalan curr5cy1 are q    
mod]ate4 ,a telegram ( #aj words to any 
"p ( ! ,republic co/s ab\t #e c5ts 9    
gold4 ,! long di/ance telephone s]vice  
is at ! rate ( ab\t #ae c5ts = a five   
m9utes' conv]sation4  ,! cable s]vice is
 ma9ta9$ by ! ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ican   
,telegraph ,company1 ^: ma9 (fice is at 
,san ,jose4 ,! foll[+ are ! *>ges p] ^w 
9 gold3        ,guatemala to po9ts 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates     #ee cts4              
,great ,brita9     #hj cts4             
,france            #hj cts4             
,g]many           #hj cts4              
,canada            #eh cts4             
,c5tral ,am]ica   #bi to #cb cts4       

,havana1 ,cuba                    #ff   
cts4                  po9ts 9 ,mexico   
#ca to #dd cts4                  ,city (
 ,panama                  #cg cts4      
,city ( ,colon                   #dg    
cts4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,a ,,progressive
 ,,presid5t ,,& ,,8 ,,policies4         
,guatemala 9 ord] to fulfil its de/9y z 
! c\ntry ( ! future mu/ be assur$ (     
/able & progressive gov]nm5t hospitable 
to =eign capital4 ,to insure ^! ?+s x is
 necess>y to h ! "r man at ! head (     
affairs4 ,no "o n[ que/ions t ,guatemala
 possesses ?is advantage 9 ! p]son (    
,manuel ,e/rada ,cabr]a1 ^: t]m z       
,presid5t w n expire till #aiaa4  ,! be/
 te/ ( any public man entru/$ ) !       
responsibility ( gov]nm5t is ! op9ion ( 
dis9t]e/$ =eign obs]v]s ^: position     
gives !m ! opportunity to judge4 ,?is   
op9ion 0 voic$ by ,mr4 ,leslie ,combs1 !
 ,am]ican ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y to       
,guatemala1 on ! occasion ( a ,new      
,ye>'s reception by ,presid5t ,e/rada   
,cabr]a 7#aije71 :5 ! diplomatic corps  

call$ on ! ,presid5t 9 a body4 ,speak+ =
 himself & = 8 colleagues ( !           
,diplomatic ,corps ,m9i/] ,combs on t   
occasion said3        ,^u su* an        
occasion z ?is criticism or complim5t   
w\ld alike      be out ( place1 b x may 
be p]mitt$ to m5tion ! wond]ful         
developm5t 9 ,mexico 9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 ! 
great "w n[ 9      h& to ! s\? & to     
pr$ict t ,guatemala 9 mat]ial weal?     
& well-be+ has a great future be=e h]4  
,we hope ?is w be      realiz$ 9 y\r    
next adm9i/ration & t ?is ye> w         
di/9ctly m>k its adv5t4       ,! wise   
base _! hopes ( ! future ^u _! exp]i5ces
 (      ! pa/ & we look to ! peace &    
ord] ma9ta9$ by y\r      adm9i/ration 9 
! pa/ sev5 ye>s z a gu>antee t y\r      
p may expect z mu* 9 ^? t are to foll[4 
,we rememb] t call$ to y\r position (   
responsibility by a      trag$y y h     
firmly held ! au?ority ) :i* y h be5    
entru/$4 ,we rememb] t by ! diplomatic  
settlem5t ( #aijb1      by arbitration &
 negotiation1 y h settl$ all ! =eign    

claims ( importance aga9/ y\r gov]nm5t &
 h giv5 rise to      n "o y\rself4 ,we  
rememb] t h>dly _h ! a%es cool$         
aft] ! t]rible disa/] ( ,santa ,m>ia :5 
railway spikes 7      be+ driv5 to its  
base & ! ,mazat5ango ,railway op5$1 t   
! ,nor!rn ,railway contract seems to    
gu>antee ! completion (      t highway  
to ! ,atlantic at an e>ly date4         
,^! a*ievem5ts 9 a p]iod ( depression1 9
 ! face (      natural ph5om5a ( almo/  
unp>allel$ de/ructiv5ess1 w>rant      ! 
hope t conditions may enable y to direct
 ! de/9y (      ,guatemala /ill fur!r   
along on ! highway to t position all    
hope %e may "o day occupy4 ,a noble     
field lies be=e y4 ,t      y may be able
 to occupy x to ! greate/ advantage (   
y\r      c\ntry is our e>ne/ wi%4   ,!  
tribute f ,m9i/] ,combs1 z w be notic$1 
especially emphasizes ,presid5t ,e/rada 
,cabr]a's qualities z a man ( a*ievem5t4
 ,t is ! keynote ( 8 "*1 to d some?+ = 8
 c\ntry4  ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a is a
 civilian executive4 ,8 public life has 

be5 t ( a lawy] em95t 9 8 pr(ession4    
,,support ,,( ,,lib]al ,,pr9ciples4  ,9 
8 p>ticipation 9 public affairs         
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a always has    
support$ lib]al pr9ciples4 ,x 0 !re=e   
natural t he %\ld be prom95t 9 ! c\ncils
 ( ! ,lib]al p>ty & %\ld become ! lead] 
( t organization4 ,8 c>e] has be5 "o to 
famili>ize him ) all ! dep>tm5ts ( !    
gov]nm5t4 ,he s]v$ z ,secret>y (        
,gov]nm5t & ,ju/ice1 & x 0 :ile1 hold+  
?is position t 9 ord] to inve/igate a l&
 controv]sy he w5t out into ! wild]ness 
himself & sp5t sev]al weeks go+ ov] !   
sections conc]n+ :i* he desir$ to be    
fully in=m$4 ,! result 0 t ?is          
controv]sy :i* _h be5 9 dispute = a long
 t]m ( ye>s 0 f9ally settl$ 9 ! mann]   
mo/ equitable & j = ! p>ties int]e/$4   
,?is is ! way ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a 
works :5 ! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate are        
involv$4  ,9 #ahih :5 ,presid5t-,g5]al  
,jose ,m>ia ,reyna ,b>rios 0 kill$1 ,mr4
 ,e/rada ,cabr]a 0 ,prim] ,designado1 ! 
position :i* corresponds to             

vice-presid5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & "u :i*
 he became act+ ,presid5t until an      
election c\ld be held4 ,at t election he
 0 *os5 ,presid5t by a sub/antially     
unanim\s vote4 ,an indication ( 8 public
 policies 0 giv5 by him :5 he outl9$ 8  
programme on com+ into ! responsibility 
= ! gov]nm5t ( ,guatemala dur+ ! int]im 
:i* he s]v$ 9 ! "* ( ,prim] ,designado4 
,on t occasion he said3        ,my      
adm9i/ration w be brief & ( a tempor>y  
"*1 b      n = t reason %all x be left =
 ,hi/ory to dem& ( me a      /rict      
acc\nt ( my acts dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,i     
decl>e 9 ! mo/      solemn mann] be=e my
 fell[ citiz5s t ,i wi% to h& back      
! beautiful /&>d ( my c\ntry )\t /a94 ,i
 desire t      ! ,con/itution1 ! sacr$  
repository ( our lib]ties1 be n         
soil$ 9 my h&s4 ,my hope is t all ( my  
compatriots may enjoy      ! life &     
public lib]ties t are rightfully !irs4  
,i wi%      t all ! gu>anties may       
protect !m 9 ! mom5t :5 !y      approa* 
! ballot boxes to ca/ _! vote = ! p]son 

to :om      x w be giv5 to direct !     
de/9ies ( our common c\ntry4   ,x 0 aft]
 ?is decl>ation & aft] sev]al mon?s'    
exp]i5ce "u ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a's 
adm9i/ration t 9 ,septemb]1 #ahih1 ! p  
*ose him to fill out ! full presid5tial 
t]m & !n 9 #aijd re-elect$ him = ! t]m  
:i* w expire 9 #aiaa4  ,:5 ,presid5t    
,e/rada ,cabr]a became *>g$ ) ! full    
responsibility ( p[] 9 #ahih1 ,guatemala
 0 9 ! mid/ ( political complications & 
( a v sev]e indu/rial crisis4 ,8 fir/   
labor 0 to insure political             
tranquillity4 ,:5 ?is 0 accompli%$ he   
gave all 8 en]gies & 8 tal5ts to        
develop+ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry & to !   
improvem5t ( public adm9i/ration4 ,f ?is
 po9t a rec5t writ]1 confirm+ ! eulogy (
 ,m9i/] ,combs1 said3        ,guatemala 
n[ enjoys unalt]able peace4 ,h] progress
 is mo/      notable & in/ead ( inve/+ !
 public funds exclusively 9      swords 
& cannons !re h be5 in/itut$ ! annual   
fe/ival      ( ,m9]va1 ! mo/ spl5did "w 
( ,e/rada ,cabr]a z rul] &      z       

patriot1 ar\s+ 9 ?is mann] 9 ! p !      
desire =      in/ruction & fo/]+ by all 
possible means ! mat]ial      progress (
 ! c\ntry2 giv+ facilities & op5+ new   
ways to      traffic & comm]ce2 n\ri%+  
indu/ries1 sci5ce & ! arts2             
beautify+ ! cities & villages2 af=d+ to 
all !      advantages ( mod]n           
improvem5ts & spread+ ! k (      hygi5e 
among ! masses4   ,a ,,record ,,(       
,,a*ievem5t4  ,9 a g5]al way !          
adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a
 has be5 describ$ z ! political         
emancipation & ! adm9i/rative           
emancipation4 ,! =m] topic w be consid]$
 9 ! explanation ( ,guatemala's         
int]national relations4 ,! adm9i/rative 
re=ms :i* ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a has 
introduc$ are num]\s4 ,he has r$uc$ 9 a 
l>ge measure ! public debt & has paid   
almo/ entirely ! recogniz$ =eign claims 
incurr$ by previ\s adm9i/rations1 has   
giv5 m>k$ impulse to ! con/ruction (    
highways1 bridges1 & o!r public works2  
has sy/ematically fo/]$ agriculture2 has

 re=m$ & lib]aliz$ ! ,civil ,codes &    
,proce$+s2 has ext5d$ ! sy/em ( po/s1   
telegraphs1 & telephones2 has e/abli%$  
patriotic celebrations ( an indu/rial1  
agricultural1 lit]>y & sci5tific "*2 has
 reorganiz$ ! army & ! bran* ( milit>y  
hygi5e1 has enact$ rigor\s measures (   
qu>ant9e aga9/ yell[ fev]1 smallpox1 & !
 bubonic pe/s2 has enl>g$ consid]ably ! 
public s*ools & ! *>itable in/itutions  
by con/ruct+ ! f9e ,asylum = ,invalids &
 ,convalesc5ts :i* be>s 8 "n3 has       
improv$ ! fiscal sy/ems ( !             
municipalities by br++ !m to a mod]n    
basis1 & has secur$ special advantages 9
 supply+ !m ) light1 wat]1 & o!r        
municipal necessities4  ,g5]ally x fur!r
 may be said t ,guatemala owes to       
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a3  ,!          
rehabilitation ( h] railway sy/em4  ,!  
/ability ( ! legal regim54  ,important  
re=ms 9 l& hold+s 9 ! int]e/ ( ! small  
l& own]s4  ,! in/itution ( clos]        
relations ) all ! nations ( ! _w &      
especially ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,!       

re/oration ( public cr$it4  ,a          
satisfactory immigration policy4  ,!    
re-e/abli%m5t & reorganization ( !      
public s*ool sy/em1 & a great v>iety (  
o!r measures :i* =m a solid f\ndation = 
! cont9u$ developm5t ( ! c\ntry4        
,,popul> ,,education ,,promot$4  ,p 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates :o believe 9 ! ,little ,r$
 ,s*ool ,h\se z ! basis ( good citiz5%ip
 _c fail to appreciate h[ ?or\ghly      
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a has made      
prim>y education a "p ( 8 policy4 ,9 !  
mid/ ( 8 _m measures = ! mat]ial        
developm5t ( ! c\ntry he nev] has lo/   
sight ( ! moral advancem5t :i* comes f !
 s*ool4 ,he believes 9 education also z 
! v be/ means ( creat+ & fo/]+ !        
national patriotic _s4 ,dur+ 8 fir/ t]m 
he publi%$ a decree relat+ especially to
 ! education ( ! y\? ( ! c\ntry4 ,he    
fix$ ! la/ ,sunday ( ,octob] ( ea* ye> =
 ! celebration ( a popul> fe/ival       
?r\gh\t ! ,republic consecrat$          
exclusively to commemorate ! education (
 ! y\? ( ! c\ntry & requir+ t all !     

directors1 pr(essors1 tea*]s1 & s*ol>s (
 all ! s*ools take "p 9 x4 ,?is 0 kn[n z
 ! ,fe/ival ( ,m9]va4 ,x is a s5tim5tal 
recognition ( ! value ( education1 & is 
! complem5t ( ! practical /eps :i* h be5
 tak54 ,"o ( 8 fir/ measures on com+    
into ! presid5cy 9 #ahih 0 to decree !  
reop5+ ( ! public s*ools4 ,f t "t he    
ex]t$ himself con/antly to elevate _!   
/&+ by provid+ !m ) ! be/ facilities1 by
 reorganiz+ !m 9 con=mity ) ! mo/ mod]n 
plans1 & 9 a ^w by enc\rag+ _! ext5sion 
& _! progress 9 e s5se4  ,illu/ration3  
,,presid5t ,,& ,,memb]s ,,( ,,cab9et4   
,besides ! prim>y s*ools a sy/em ( high]
 education is support$1 & !re are normal
 s*ools & v>i\s faculties su* z ^? (    
law1 m$ic9e1 eng9e]+1 etc4 ,especial    
att5tion1 h[ev]1 has be5 giv5 to        
practical education1 t is1 ! fitt+ ( !  
common p = _! occupations4 ,!re are     
s*ools ( comm]ce1 ( manual tra9+1 & (   
agriculture1 z well z an ,in/itute      
especially = ! native ,indians4 ,on ?is 
subject ( te*nical education ,consul    

,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,w9sl[ 9 a     
special report said3        ,!re are few
 villages 9 ! c\ntry :]e !re are no     
s*ools4      ,9 ! city ( ,guatemala (   
late mu* att5tion has be5 giv5 to       
education1 "u ! direction ( ,presid5t   
,manuel ,e/rada ,cabr]a1      :o has    
done m along ?is l9e ?an any ( 8        
pr$ecessors4      ,!re are 9 ! city (   
,guatemala #be public s*ools1 #h        
in/itutes1      & #c colleges4          
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a has giv5 mu*  
att5tion to 8 pet      s*eme ( e/abli%+ 
an indu/rial s*ool = boys & girls at    
8 own p]sonal exp5se1 aid$ by sev]al ( !
 m progressive      citiz5s ( ,guatemala
 city1 :]e ! mo/ improv$ me?ods (       
in/ruction are to be employ$4 ,!        
,presid5t has engag$ two able           
educators f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & proposes 
ev]y?+ %all be      up-to-date4       ,!
 ,boys' ,indu/rial ,college is 9 *>ge ( 
,pr(4 ,y4 ,c4 ,pilgrim1      a well-kn[n
 educator ( ,new ,j]sey1 assi/$ by      
,pr(essor      ,bell+ham & wife1 :o h   

*>ge ( ! languages1 &      ,pr(essor    
,lor5zo de ,clairmont1 :o in/ructs 9    
gymna/ics &      milit>y tactics4 ,^!   
are assi/$ by sev]al native tea*]s4     
,! boys are select$ f ! be/ families 9 !
 ,republic &      are limit$ to #ej1 &  
are all requir$ to live 9 ! dormitory4  
,! college build+s are situat$ 9 a tract
 ( l& ( ab\t #fj      acres1 conv5i5t to
 ! city1 ) a campus :]e ! boys are to   
be in/ruct$ 9 ! mod]n sports & milit>y  
tactics z taught      at ,we/ ,po9t1 &  
all ord]s are to be giv5 9 ! ,engli%    
language4       ,! ,girls' ,indu/rial   
,s*ool is 9 *>ge ( ,miss ,alice ,duf\r1 
a      prom95t educator ( ,new ,york    
,city1 assi/$ by sev]al native          
in/ructors4 ,?is in/itution is locat$ 9 
! city & is to be      conduct$ on !    
same high plan z ! boys' college4 ,!    
idea is      to tea* ! pr9ciples on :i* 
! ,am]ican home is f\nd$4               
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a means ^!      
in/itutions %all be !      nucleus ar\nd
 :i* a solid & up-to-date sy/em (       

education      %all be built = ?is      
,republic4 ,x is 8 ambition to firmly   
e/abli% an educational sy/em model$ aft]
 t 9 use 9 !      ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e !  
wat*word %all be indu/ry1 promptness1   
& hone/y4   ,! ,new ,york ,tribune 9 a  
,wa%+ton dispat* _h ?is to say on ! same
 subject3        ,am]ican tea*]s :o w5t 
to ,guatemala "s "t ago at !      reque/
 ( ! gov]nm5t are s5d+ back int]e/+     
acc\nts (      ! progress :i* t c\ntry  
is mak+ 9 adopt+ !      educational     
me?ods t obta9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!    
newspap]s also h a good deal to say on !
 subject4 ,presid5t      ,e/rada        
,cabr]a1 :o is a progressive man1 =     
sev]al ye>s has      _h ! ambition to   
give a new turn to public in/ruction1 & 
to      make x practical aft] ! sy/em ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 idea      is t ! y\?
 ( ! ,lat9-,am]ican c\ntries are        
especially 9      ne$ ( new] me?ods1 & (
 gett+ away f ! metaphysical      sy/ems
 :i* creat$ a l>ge class ( pr(essional  
m51 = :om      !re 0 no room & :o 7 a   

drawback to mat]ial progress4       ,"s 
"t ago ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a        
e/abli%$ :at 0      call$ ! practical   
s*ool1 :i* comb9$ te*nical in/ruction   
& manual tra9+4 ,a few weeks ago        
ex]cises 7 held at !      ,escuela      
,practica1 or te*nical s*ool1 & x is    
conc]n+ ?is      t ! ,new ,york tea*]s h
 writt5 s enc\rag+ly4 ,!      ,presid5t 
deliv]$ an address on ! value ( "w & (  
develop+ ?r\gh ! s*ools an aptitude =   
ev]yday life4      ,h]et(ore he said !re
 _h be5 too mu* !ory & too mu* t      0 
purely pr(essional 9 ! sy/em foll[$4 ,n[
 t !      aspiration ( _m ye>s _h be5   
realiz$ he 0 hopeful t !      exp]im5t  
w\ld be b5eficial 9 giv+ a new direction
 to !      national _s1 & w\ld result 9 
! k9d ( bus9ess tra9+      t w\ld fit ! 
,guatemalan y\? = ! activities (        
practical      life r ?an incl9e !m to !
 traditions ( ! pa/4 ,"u      !         
direction ( ! ,presid5t fields = f>m    
exp]im5ts h      be5 e/abli%$1 & ! y\?  
are taught ! c>e ( horses &      o!r f>m

 "w1 z well z ! manual trades4 ,!re is  
special      provision made = a?letic   
sports4   ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gov]nm5t        
,,expla9$4  ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,guatemala is
 republican--democratic &               
repres5tative--& ! supreme p[] is       
ex]cis$ by ?ree gov]nm5tal bran*es1 ea* 
indep5d5t ( ! o!rs1 call$ ! legislative 
p[]1 ! executive p[]1 & ! judicial p[]4 
,! legislative p[] is ve/$ 9 a ,national
 ,assembly :i* consi/s ( a s+le h\se    
compos$ ( "o deputy = ea* #bj1jjj       
inhabitants or fraction ( t numb] exce$+
 #aj1jjj4 ,! deputies are elect$ by     
popul> vote = f\r ye>s1 b "o-half ( !   
,assembly is r5ew$ ea* two ye>s s t ea* 
"t t x meets x conta9s an adequate numb]
 ( exp]i5c$ memb]s4 ,annual sessions are
 held la/+ two mon?s1 beg9n+ ,m>* #a1 b 
!y c be ext5d$ "o mon? long] 9 case (   
necessity4 ,= ! transaction ( bus9ess   
dur+ its recesses ! ,assembly appo9ts   
sev5 ( its memb]s :o =m a body call$ !  
,p]man5t ,commission4 ,?is commission1 z
 well z ! executive1 c call ! ,assembly 

to meet 9 extraord9>y sessions4  ,!     
executive p[] is ex]cis$ by ! ,presid5t 
( ! ,republic1 :o1 = ! transaction (    
public bus9ess1 appo9ts six ,m9i/]s or  
,secret>ies ( ,/ate1 :o h *>ge ( !      
portfolios ( ,=eign ,relations1         
,gov]nm5t & ,ju/ice1 ! ,treasury &      
,public ,cr$it1 ,w>1 ,public ,works1 &  
,public ,in/ruction4  ,!re is also a    
,c\ncil ( ,/ate1 a purely advisory body1
 :i* is compos$ ( ! ,cab9et ,m9i/]s &   
n9e o!r memb]s1 ( :om five are appo9t$  
by ! ,assembly & f\r by ! ,presid5t4 ,^!
 appo9tm5ts are = two ye>s4  ,! judicial
 p[] is ex]cis$ by ! c\rts & judges ( ! 
,republic1 organiz$ z foll[s3  ,!       
,supreme ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice1 :i* sits at ! 
capital ( ,guatemala & is compos$ ( !   
,presid5t ( ! ,judicial ,p[]1 f\r       
,magi/rates1 & an ,attorney 7,fiscal74  
,six ,c\rts or ,tribunals ( ,appeals1   
compos$ ( ?ree ,magi/rates1 ( :om "o    
presides1 & an ,attorney 7,fiscal74     
,?ree ( ^! ,c\rts sit at ! ,capital & "o
 9 ea* ( ! capitals ( ! ,dep>tm5ts (    

,quezalt5ango1 ,alta ,v]apaz1 & ,jalapa4
 ,! ,magi/rates & ,attorneys are elect$1
 by popul> vote4  ,! ,judges ( ! ,c\rts 
( ,fir/ ,in/ance1 ( :om !re are six 9 ! 
,capital1 ?ree 9 ,quezalt5ango1 two 9   
,san ,m>cos1 & "o 9 ea* ( ! rema9+      
,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,republic4 ,^! ,judges   
are appo9t$ by ! ,executive f ?ree names
 propos$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice4 
,f9ally1 ! ,ju/ices ( ! ,peace :o       
pron\nce oral judgm5ts & are elect$ by !
 p ( ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y ex]cise _!     
functions4  ,= ! ex]cise ( ! political1 
civil1 & milit>y adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry
 x is divid$ into tw5ty-two ,dep>tm5ts1 
ea* ( :i* has a ,gov]nor 7,jefe         
,politico7 inve/$ ) ! executive         
functions4 ,= ! adm9i/ration ( ! local  
affairs ( ea* di/rict !re are popul>ly  
elect$ ,municipal ,c\ncils4 ,! s]vice ( 
! memb]s ( ! ,c\ncils is = "o ye>1 is   
obligatory = ! citiz5s ( ! respective   
di/ricts1 & is n remun]at$4  ,!         
,con/itution ( ! ,republic gives to all 
^? :o live 9 ! c\ntry ! mo/ ample       

gu>anties ( lib]ty1 equality1 & security
 ( _! p]sons1 _! honor1 & _! prop]ty2 ( 
fre$om ( movem5t & ( assembly1 (        
pr(essions1 ( indu/ries1 & ( comm]ce2 ( 
! "r to dispose ( _! prop]ty1 to address
 petitions to ! au?orities & to def5d _!
 int]e/s be=e !m2 ( lib]ty ( consci5ce1 
inasmu* z !re is no (ficial religion2 ( 
! "r to freely express _! op9ions1 :e!r 
by spee*1 or by writ+1 or by means ( !  
press1 )\t be+ subject to c5sure2 (     
lib]ty to give or receive in/ruction1 if
 !y %\ld s pref]1 9 private educational 
e/abli%m5ts2 ( ! "r to h _! resid5ces1  
_! prop]ty1 _! correspond5ce1 & o!r     
pap]s respect$ z inviolable2 ( ! "r (   
habeas corpus2 ( lib]ty ( def5ce 9      
judicial proce$+s1 etc4  ,prim>y        
in/ruction is obligatory1 & t :i* is    
su/a9$ by ! nation is secul> & free4    
,!re is no imprisonm5t = debt4 ,m>riage 
is consid]$ a simple civil contract2 b  
^? :o desire c h x solemniz$ 9 a        
religi\s =m4 ,absolute divorce c be     
obta9$ 9 cases def9$ by ! law4          

,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,! ,,soil ,,& ,,its    
,,ri*es4   ,! soil ( ,guatemala is      
rem>kable 9 ! va/ ext5t & great v>iety (
 two classes ( products :i* are unusual 
)9 ! same degrees ( latitude1 t is1 x   
produces bo? tropical & temp]ate /aples 
( agriculture 9 great pr(usion4 ,! soil 
gr[s c(fee1 sug>-cane1 cacao1 bananas1  
tobacco1 cotton1 india rubb]1 vanilla1  
s>sap>illa1 & a long li/ ( m$ic9al      
plants1 :ile x likewise produces !      
c]eals1 :eat & ,indian corn1 :i* are    
only f\nd 9 temp]ate regions1 giv+ two &
 9 "s places ?ree crops ( ^! annually4  
,!re are also endless k9ds ( valuable   
h>dwood1 mahogany1 rosewood1 ebony1 c$> 
& ! l1 :i* are especially tropical      
timb]1 & at ! same "t p9e & oak exi/ 9 !
 m\nta9 regions ( ! int]ior4 ,besides   
all ?is ! grasses gr[n are especially   
adapt$ to live /ock1 & cattle rais+ &   
dairy+ are v pr(itable indu/ries4  ,!   
,briti% ,consul ,g5]al 9 an (ficial     
report to ! ,=eign ,(fice 9 ,london _h  
?is to say ab\t ! capabilities ( ! soil3

        ,! tropical situation ( !       
c\ntry1 ! proximity ( e      portion to 
! sea on bo? coa/s1 ! div]sity (        
altitude &      consequ5tly (           
temp]ature1 comb9e to make !            
agricultural      capabilities (        
,guatemala equal to any 9 ! _w4 ,e k9d (
      crop1 f ^? ( ! tropical coa/      
regions to ^? ( ! cold      highl&s 7!  
latt] hav+ a climate correspond+ ) t (  
nor!rn ,europe 9 summ]7 may be rais$4   
,!re are di/ricts :]e      ev5 f\r crops
 ( maize 7,indian corn7 are obta9$ 9 "o 
ye>4 ,x      is a common !ory t !       
manures are unnecess>y1 z ! heavy       
ra9s wa% d[n ! ri* soils f ! sides ( !  
m\nta9s &      f]tilize ! pla9s4 ,!     
great secret is !re=e = !               
agriculturi/ to adapt 8 cultivation to !
 nature ( ! soil      & climate & 8     
int]e/ w\ld be advanc$ by a judici\s    
rotation ( crops4   ,a breezy           
description1 ?\gh an accurate "o1 0 giv5
 ( ! soil ( ,guatemala by a correspond5t
 ( ! ,wa%+ton ,/>4 ,wrote ?is           

correspond5t3        ,in/ead ( my own   
impressions ( ! c\ntry ,i w\ld r give   
^? ( a ,nor? ,c>ol9a bus9ess man4 ,he 0 
tak+ ! re/ cure      by means ( a sea   
voyage to ,san ,francisco & deflect$ 8  
it9]>y = a week's l& j\rney4 ,we travel$
 toge!r to !      capital & also made a 
trip to ! port ( ,*amp]ico ov] !        
railroad ext5sion :i* has op5$ up new & 
unt\*$ t]ritory4      ,x 0 8 fir/ view (
 tropical l&s except f ! %ip's          
deck4       ,on l&+ at ,san ,jose !     
,nor? ,c>ol9a man look$ ) awe &         
admiration z e t\ri/ is b\nd to d on !  
dom9at+      volcano peaks ,fuego &     
,agua1 ,fire & ,wat]4 ,b :ile he nev]   
ceas$ to wond] at ! ri*ness ( ! sc5]y 8 
practical      in/9cts ass]t$ !mselves &
 he punctuat$ ! in=mation      giv5 him 
ab\t climate1 soil & products ) ke5     
obs]vations4      ,he confess$ t on !   
vessel he ?\ght !y 7 '/r++'      him :5 
!y told him t ! po/s = ! b>b$ wire f5ces
      j grew1 b :5 he saw c\ntless miles
 ( trees 9 /raight      r[s ) ! wire    

/ret*$ along ! trunks he paid 8 tribute 
also to climate & soil4 ,he knew t      
naturally trees don't gr[      9 /raight
 r[s & he f\nd ! explanation4 ,! po/s   
are poles      cut f ! trees' bran*es & 
:5 /uck 9 ! gr\nd !y      %oot up s     
rapidly t !y soon are trees4       ,!   
,nor? ,c>ol9a obs]v] nev] got ov] 8     
wond] at ! soil4      ,! railroad cuts  
gave him a *ance to see t x 0 n surface 
ri*ness & he easily grasp$ !            
explanation4 ,! vegetation      gr[s to 
a c]ta9 height1 !n dies away1 rots & =ms
 fre%      lay]s ( ri*ness4 ,?is process
 go+ on = c5turies has made      !      
f]tility ( ! l& inexhau/ible4       ,!  
utility ( volcanic eruptions 0 new to   
him & 0 expla9$      on ! trip to       
,*amp]ico4 ,?is is ! great c(fee region4
 ,x      comes )9 ! sph]e ( influ5ce ( !
 volcano ,santa ,m>ia4      ,:5 ,santa  
,m>ia 0 spr9kl+ bo? ! sea & l& ) pumice 
/one & a%es1 on _m ( ! f9cas            
7plantations7 !re 0 j      en\gh ( ?is  
lava soil aft] ! ra9s _h come & wa%$    

away      ! surface ( ! deposit to r5ew 
! productiv5ess4   ,9 ano!r way an idea 
( ! v>i$ products ( agricultural indu/ry
 c be _h f an acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,briti%   
,consul> reports ( a model plantation4  
,?is plantation consi/$ ( #c1jjj acres4 
,9 a giv5 ye> x produc$ #a1bjj1jjj p\nds
 ( c(fee1 #cjj1jjj p\nds ( sug>1        
#cjj1jjj bottles ( ! by-product ( sug>  
kn[n z agu>di5te or cane rum1 #bb1jjj   
gallons ( milk4 ,two ?\s& head ( cattle 
7 rais$4 ,on ?is plantation f #ijj to   
#a1cjj labor]s 7 employ$4   ,,c(fee ,,( 
,,_w-,,wide ,,fame4  ,z is well kn[n1   
,guatemala's mo/ valuable agricultural  
product is c(fee4 ,! fame ( ,guatemala  
c(fee is worldwide & x comm&s ! highe/  
prices4 ,! production 9 av]age ye>s is  
ab\t #gj1ejj1jjj p\nds1 ?\gh 9 a rec5t  
ye> x exce$$ #hj1jjj1jjj p\nds4 ,! mo/  
productive regions are 9 ! dep>tm5ts (  
,guatemala1 ,amatitlan1 ,sacatepequez1  
,solola1 ,retalhuleu1 ,quezalt5ango1    
,san ,m>cos1 ,alta ,v]apaz1 ,baja       
,v]apaz1 ,*imalt5ango1 ,santa ,rosa &   

,escu9tla4  ,illu/ration3 ,,vi/a ,,(    
,,aguna ,,plantation4  ,! altitudes at  
:i* ! c(fee plant is mo/ successfully   
cultivat$ are betwe5 #a1ejj feet &      
#e1jjj feet above sea level1 accord+ to 
! locality & quality ( ! soil4 ,!       
temp]ature at :i* ! greate/             
productiv5ess is obta9$ v>ies f a m9imum
 ( #fj deg4 ,fahr5heit to a maximum (   
#ij deg4 ,9 ! l[l&s ! trees h to be %ad$
 9 ord] to prev5t ! leaves f be+ scor*$ 
by ! heat4 ,!re is an abundance ( native
 trees :i* answ]s ?is purpose4          
,occasionally1 too1 bananas are rais$ 9 
conjunction ) c(fee s9ce _! broad leaves
 furni% an excell5t protection4  ,9     
di/ricts :]e ! mean altitude is #d1ejj  
feet a diff]5t sort ( protection is     
necess>y 9 ord] to %elt] ! c(fee leaves 
f ! nor!rn w9ds :i* bl[ dur+ ! mon?s (  
,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 & ,febru>y4 ,9 ^!    
high altitudes ! ranges ( hills =m ! be/
 natural protection4 ,to br+ ! c(fee    
plant to full production f five to sev5 
ye>s are requir$1 ?\gh aft] two ye>s !  

bu% w produce ab\t two p\nds ( ! b]ry   
annually4 ,! c(fee plants are rais$ 9   
nurs]ies & aft]w>ds transplant$ to !    
cafetales or c(fee plantations4 ,!      
critical season = ! crop is ! bloom+    
p]iod4 ,a heavy ra9fall :ile ! trees are
 9 fl[] w s]i\sly damage ! plants by    
wa%+ away ! poll5 & ?us prev5t+         
fructification4 ,?is p]iod la/s ?ree or 
f\r days :5 ! blossoms fall & ! *]ry or 
b]ry beg9s to appe>4 ,! *]ry rea*es     
maturity 9 ,octob] & is ready = ga!r+ & 
pulp+1 t is1 = ! removal ( ! out] %ell &
 pulp4 ,aft] ?is process x is wa%$ &    
c>ri$ to dry1 spread out 9 brick pav$   
y>ds expos$ to ! sun4 ,! gra9 is kn[n z 
p]gam9o1 or %ell c(fee1 aft] ! removal (
 ! r$ pulp1 :ile x reta9s ! inn] :ite or
 yell[ p>*m5t cov]+4 ,aft] ?is p>*m5t is
 remov$ x is kn[n z oro1 clean c(fee1 & 
?is is ! common comm]cial t]m4  ,s _m   
elem5ts ent] into ! co/ ( plant+ & br++ 
to maturity a c(fee plantation t x is   
difficult to e/imate ! exp5diture       
necess>y to ensure a giv5 pr(it4        

,exp]i5c$ c(fee gr[]s are guid$ l>gely  
by _! k ( ! local conditions &          
requirem5ts4 ,h[ev]1 a reasonable am\nt 
( capital 9 ! beg9n+ is necess>y & _m   
inve/ors possess+ ! capital pref] to buy
 f9cas or plantations t are already     
produc+4  ,! gov]nm5t ( ,guatemala lays 
an export tax ( "o doll> 9 gold4 ,g]many
 takes ! bulk ( ! ,guatemala product1   
?\gh ,great ,brita9 is a l>ge buy] & !  
,unit$ ,/ates is receiv+ l>g] quantities
 f ye> to ye>4 ,) ! increas$ facilities 
= transportation !re w\ld appe> to be an
 excell5t opportunity = deal]s to make a
 specialty ( ,guatemala c(fee 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 = ! article once introduc$ w\ld
 be sure to h an increas$ consumption4  
,,sug> ,,& ,,o!r ,,pr(itable ,,products4
  ,9 #ahij ,guatemala 0 produc+ b>ely   
en\gh sug> = its own consumption4 ,9    
#aijd x export$ #f1jjj1jjj p\nds to !   
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,new ,orleans is ! ne>e/ 
m>ket1 ?\gh %ipm5ts also may be made to 
,brooklyn4 ,! product consi/s ( :ite    
loaf sug>1 panela or co>se br[n cakes1 f

 :i* ! cane rum is made1 miel or        
molasses1 & mascabado1 or inf]ior       
grades4 ,! sug> cane is ( excell5t      
quality & ! production is abundant1     
especially along ! hot coa/ di/ricts4 ,!
 dep>tm5ts ( ,escu9tla1 ,amatitlan1 &   
,baja ,v]apaz are ! di/ricts 9 :i* !    
l>ge/ areas are "u cultivation4 ,z a    
rule ! small sug> mills are crude &     
mod]n ma*9]y has n be5 introduc$ to a   
great ext5t1 al?\gh ! l>ge/ plantations 
are already suppli$ ) ! late/           
improvem5ts4 ,) ! introduction on a l>g]
 scale ( mod]n ma*9]y & ! late/         
processes ! sug> indu/ry w\ld be c]ta9  
to af=d satisfactory pr(its4  ,cacao ( a
 v high quality is produc$ 9 ,guatemala 
& ! native article comm&s mu* high]     
prices ?an t produc$ 9 o!r c\ntries &   
br\ght to ,guatemala = sale4 ,!         
productive regions are ! ti]ras cali5tes
 or hot coa/ l&s4 ,! pr9cipal cacao     
produc+ di/ricts are ,escu9tla1         
,su*itepequez1 ,solola1 & ,retalhuleu4  
,! bean is mo/ productive at an altitude

 ( #hjj to #b1jjj feet4 ,9 "s cases !   
%rub produces a p\nd ( beans e f\r mon?s
 & aft] rea*+ maturity x is said to     
produce )\t int]ruption = "o hundr$     
ye>s4  ,not)/&+ ! sup]ior quality ( !   
,guatemala cacao ! indu/ry has n be5    
c>ri$ on sy/ematically1 possibly because
 five or six ye>s are requir$ to secure 
! fir/ crop4 ,9 ! la/ ye> ! total output
 0 only #cd1jjj p\nds1 b ! /eady dem& = 
cacao & ! c]ta9ty ( good prices ju/ifies
 ! inve/m5t ( capital :i* c await five  
or six ye>s = ! fir/ returns4 ,! ga!r+ (
 ! cacao beans requires v little ma*9]y 
& few labor]s4 ,*iefly c>e mu/ be tak5 n
 to hurt ! bean or almond :5 break+ !   
fruit :]e9 !y are conta9$4 ,"o day (    
f]m5tation mu/ !n be giv5 to !m1 aft]   
:i* !y rema9 expos$ to ! sun = six or   
eight days1 :5 !y are ready to be s5t to
 ! m>ket4  ,"o ( ! mo/ pr(itable (      
future indu/ries 9 ,guatemala und\bt$ly 
is t ( banana culture4 ,!re are va/     
productive regions on ! ,atlantic slope 
& ^! are c]ta9 to be cultivat$ s9ce !   

build+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,railway insures op5+
 up ! l&s by giv+ access to ! ,new      
,orleans m>ket )9 ! "t t is necess>y =  
ga!r+ & %ipp+ ! fruit4 ,! annual        
production is n[ ab\t #hjj1jjj bun*es1 (
 :i* "o-half are consum$ at home & !    
balance %ipp$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is 
e/imat$ t )9 a ye> aft] ! ,nor!rn       
,railway is complet$ ! %ipm5ts to !     
,unit$ ,/ates w exce$ #gej1jjj bun*es p]
 annum & w soon am\nt to #a1jjj1jjj     
bun*es4  ,tobacco is produc$ 9 a numb] (
 di/ricts & !re is mu* suitable soil =  
x1 b up to ?is "t x has be5 rais$ only =
 local consumption4 ,rice is also       
produc$ 9 ! hot coa/ l&s4 ,cotton is    
gr[n & exp]im5ts h %[n t ! ,sea ,isl&   
cotton ?rives 9 ,guatemala4   ,,rubb]   
,,cultivation ,,an ,,invit+ ,,field4  ,=
 inve/m5ts ( capital t is will+ to wait 
returns !re is no m invit+ field ?an !  
cultivation ( india rubb]1 :i* gr[s wild
 9 ,guatemala4 ,ea* ye> ! dem& = rubb]  
increases & ! price rises4 ,! coa/      
regions :]e ! wild tree fl\ri%es are    

especially adapt$ to ! cultivation ( !  
product4 ,! subject has be5 giv5 v      
c>eful att5tion by ! ,guatemalan        
gov]nm5t1 :i* caus$ inve/igation to be  
made by sci5ti/s :o 7 famili> ) ! native
 agriculture4 ,! result ( ^!            
inve/igations has be5 publi%$ f "t to   
"t4  ,! wild gum tree is tall ) smoo?   
gre5i% :ite b>k4 ,! milk :i* is !       
m]cantile product is conta9$ pr9cipally 
9 ! fibres :i* are atta*$ to ! woody    
portion ( ! tree betwe5 x & ! b>k4 ,!   
milk conta9s ab\t #fj ( wat] & o!r      
sub/ances1 :ile ! rema9+ #dj repres5ts !
 salable product4 ,! climate mo/        
appropriate = ! gr[? ( ! rubb] tree is t
 ( ! hot coa/ l&s at an altitude n      
exce$+ #a1ejj feet4 ,! yield ( !        
cultivat$ rubb] trees has be5 e/imat$ z 
high z ?ree p\nds ye>ly f ! six? ye>1 b 
! be/ au?orities d n ?9k t ! trees %\ld 
be tapp$ be=e ! n9? ye> & !n ! gr[] %\ld
 be satisfi$ ) an annual yield ( two & a
 half to ?ree p\nds ( milk1 :i* w insure
 "o p\nd ( rubb]4  ,an e/imate ( ! co/ &

 probable yield ( a rubb] plantation z  
made by ,s5or ,horta1 a lead+ au?ority1 
0 t a plantation ( #ajj1jjj trees w\ld  
require t5 caball]ias 7ab\t #a1ajj to   
#a1bjj acres71 & w\ld h co/ aft] t5 ye>s
 ab\t "o doll> p] tree4 ,?is exp5se c\ld
 9 "p be met by second>y cultivation4   
,accord+ to ! calculations "o crop aft] 
t5 ye>s %\ld produce d\ble ! am\nt      
exp5d$ 9 t "t4  ,! gov]nm5t enc\rages ! 
cultivation ( rubb]1 a decree hav+ be5  
issu$ 9 #ahii :i* provid$ t = e #bj1jjj 
rubb] plants ( f\r ye>s ( age & plant$  
aft] ! date ( ! decree ! own] %\ld      
receive "o caball]ia 7#aab acres7 (     
uncultivat$ national l&4 ,! gov]nm5t1   
h[ev]1 does n endorse nor recomm5d !    
promotion ( rubb] plantations by /ock   
companies :i* seek *iefly to sell ! /ock
 among small inve/ors 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
 ,all su* s*emes %\ld be c>efully       
inve/igat$ be=e ! %>es are b\ght & !    
lead+ facts 9 reg>d to rubb] production1
 includ+ ! necessity ( a p]iod ( at lea/
 t5 ye>s = ! successful developm5t ( a  

plantation1 %\ld be kept 9 m9d4         
,,b\nty ,,= ,,h5nequ54  ,! soil (       
,guatemala 9 ! op9ion ( exp]ts is       
especially adapt$ to ! cultivation (    
fibre plants ( :i* ! mo/ valuable is    
h5nequ5 or hemp4 ,maguey or wild h5nequ5
 gr[s 9 v>i\s localities1 p>ticul>ly 9 !
 ea/]n di/ricts1 :]e !re is a l>ge area 
:i* x is believ$ c be br\ght "u         
pr(itable cultivation = comm]cial       
purposes4 ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a1 9  
ord] to enc\rage ! cultivation (        
h5nequ51 has provid$ t a b\nty %all be  
paid to ! cultivators ( ! plant1 ! scale
 ( paym5t be+ graduat$ accord+ to ! size
 ( ! plantation4 ,s9ce x takes f f\r to 
five ye>s = ! plant to mature !         
cultivators are all[$ to receive "o-half
 ! b\nty two ye>s aft] ! h5nequ5 is     
plant$ & ! balance at ! end ( ! f\r     
ye>s4 ,a b\nty is also to be paid = !   
exportation ( ea* #ajj p\nds ( h5nequ5 &
 ! ma*9]y necess>y on ! plantation is to
 be import$ free ( duty4 ,z a fur!r     
inducem5t to engage 9 ! cultivation ( ! 

fibre ! natives :o produce h5nequ5 are  
to be exempt$ f milit>y s]vice 9 a      
proportion fix$ relatively to ! numb] ( 
acres "u cultivation4 ,?is exp]im5t )   
h5nequ5 is especially important 9 view (
 ! fact t soil :i* is n suitable =      
c(fee1 sug> cane or cacao is ?\ght to be
 especially well adapt$ to ?is plant4   
,! numb] ( m$ic9al plants produc$ 9     
,guatemala is inf9ite4 ,"o sci5ti/ gives
 a li/ ( #cci1 :i* includes _m balsams &
 ! aromatic plants1 su* z s>sap>illa &  
vanilla4 ,! conditions ( vanilla        
cultivation are simil> to ^? 9 ,mexico4 
,! v9e aft] five ye>s is 9 full be>+ & w
 produce f #ae to #dj beans4 ,x is      
e/imat$ t a five-acre vanilla plantation
 w yield suffici5t income to r5d] its   
own] indep5d5t1 b ?is is only by ! mo/  
c>eful att5tion 9 cultivation4   ,,_m   
,,v>ieties ,,( ,,valuable ,,wood4  ,!re 
are said to be #aej k9ds ( ,guatemala   
wood :i* are comm]cially valuable1 & !  
numb] ( species exce$s #djj4 ,! timb]   
area includes ! littoral =e/s 9 a n>r[  

belt along ! ,pacific & ,atlantic coa/s2
 ! humid =e/s mix$ ) ! prairie fields   
:i* cov] ! pla9s f ! foot ( ! ,&ean     
,cordill]as to ! ,pacific2 ! moi/ =e/s (
 ! hot zone & ! temp]ate zone f\nd along
 ! foo?ills ( ! volcanic *a9 & 9 !      
nor!rn & ea/]n p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 ! humid 
=e/s ( ! cold zone2 ! p9e & oak =e/s 9 !
 upl& pla9s2 ! savannas & *ap>ral       
consi/+ ( small trees & bu%es2 !        
savannas ) p9es along ! ,atlantic coa/ &
 ! savannas ( ! cold zone on ! highe/   
tablel&s ( ! m\nta94  ,9 ! report ( !   
,int]cont95tal ,railway ,survey         
,lieut5ant ,hill gives a li/ ( trees    
f\nd 9 s\!a/]n ,guatemala :i* is ano!r  
illu/ration ( ! v>i$ timb] res\rces ( ! 
c\ntry4 ,! li/ is z foll[s3  ,aconaca/e1
 conaca/e1 guanaca/e--a light br[n wood 
r s(t & resembl+ inf]ior walnut4        
,am>illo--yell[i%1 h>d1 pl5tiful1 /rong2
 la/s well 9 wat] or gr\nd2 us$ = pill>s
 & gird]s 9 native h\ses4  ,c$ro--r$di%1
 easily work$2 us$ mu* = bo>ds1 n v     
/rong1 w>ps easily4  ,caoba--mahogany4  

,*i*ipate--h>d1 f9e-gra9$2 us$ 9        
wagon-mak+4  ,*i*e--/raight gra9$2 la/s 
well above gr\nd4  ,*ico--/raight gra9$2
 takes high poli%4  ,granadillo--d>k    
br[n1 /rong1 pl5tiful2 good =           
con/ruction4  ,gua*ipil9--good =        
con/ruction4  ,guap9ol--h>d1 resembles  
oak 9 texture4  ,jic>o--be>s g\rdlike   
fruit2 pl5tiful on llanos1 us$ 9 mak+   
saddle-trees4  ,laurel--resembles       
*e/nut2 us$ = furniture4  ,madre        
cacao--h>d1 takes f9e poli%2 good =     
po/s4  ,m>io or ,palo ,colorado--a f9e  
wood some:at l mahogany4                
,matili%uate--gr[s l>ge & /raight2 us$ =
 wagon boxes4  ,mora--dyewood4  ,jocote 
de ,fraile--h&some wood1 takes high     
poli%4  ,ronron--f9e1 h>dwood1 takes    
high poli%4  ,tempisque--r$di%1         
resembles mahogany 9 weight & texture4  
,volador--f9e tree1 tall1 /raight trunk2
 good = bridges & ro(s4  ,) su* a va/   
weal? ( timb] ! importance ( ! railway  
projects :i* op5 up ! =e/ regions & make
 ! m>kets ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe   

accessible w be appreciat$4             
,,enc\ragem5t ,,to ,,live/ock           
,,indu/ries4  ,cattle rais+ & dairy f>m+
 are among ! mo/ pr(itable agricultural 
indu/ries ( ,guatemala1 :ile horse-bre$+
 also c be made to pay unusually well4  
,! native horse is small b v /rong & is 
tireless4 ,! race horses & o!rs obta9$  
?r\gh ! cross+ ) =eign bre$s import$ f !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & f ,spa91 ,engl& & ,s\? 
,am]ica h giv5 mo/ satisfactory results4
  ,dairy f>m+ especially 9 ! vic9ity ( !
 cities yields l>ge divid5ds4 ,! cattle 
are l>gely ?ree-qu>t]s or half-br$      
natives & ,hol/e9s & ,durhams4 ,! pure  
native c[s give mu* ri*] milk ?an !     
import$ /ock1 b !y yield a v small      
quantity4 ,! milk ( ! ?or\ghbr$ import$ 
c[s is ?91 ow+ probably to ! unsuitable 
nature ( ! fodd]1 & ?us ! half-br$ c[s  
are ! mo/ pr(itable4  ,! highl&s ( !    
int]ior af=d v fair graz+ = cattle      
?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! climate is mild &     
equable & ! /ock c rema9 9 ! pa/ures f  
,janu>y till ,decemb]1 :ile no losses   

are suff]$ f sev]e wea!r 9 w9t]4 ,mo/ ( 
! c\ntry is well wat]$4 ,! native mules 
are sup]ior to ! horses = long j\rneys  
or heavy loads & z a rule !y comm& high]
 prices4 ,pigs are rais$ ) little       
difficulty & fet* a high price1 s9ce    
pork is "o ( ! favorite foods on _m ( ! 
plantations & 9 ! villages inhabit$ by  
,indians4 ,! hogs are all[$ to run loose
 & fe$ on n\ri%+ roots1 acorns & maize4 
,! %eep indu/ry is capable ( developm5t 
at ! h&s ( exp]i5c$ %eep-rais]s4 ,!re   
are _m flocks & ! quality ( bo? ! mutton
 & ! wool is capable ( improvem5t4      
,,m9es ,,& ,,m9+4  ,! m9]al ri*es (     
,guatemala1 :ile n unkn[n1 may be said  
to be unexploit$4 ,ow+ to ! v>i$        
geological =mations ! belief bo? (      
geologi/s & ( practical m9]s is t !y (f]
 a promis+ field = developm5t4 ,! m9]als
 include qu>tz & gold1 silv] & gal5as1  
copp]1 coal & lignite1 manganese1       
asbe/os1 graphite1 kaol91 opals1 slate1 
alum1 m>ble1 silv]1 mica1 iron1 sulphur1
 lead4  ,! m9+ ar*ives ( colonial days  

%[ t betwe5 ! ye>s #afbg & #ahbj m ?an  
#a1cjj m9es ( gold1 silv]1 lead1 copp]1 
t91 iron1 & "o ( quicksilv]1 7 discov]$ 
& work$1 & 7 a s\rce ( great rev5ue bo? 
to ! ,*ur* & ! ,/ate4 ,hi/ory records t 
dur+ ! e>lie/ ,spani% occupancy ( t     
c\ntry enorm\s quantities ( gold & silv]
 7 tak5 f ^? m9es4 ,at "o "t m ?an "o   
hundr$ & fifty v ri* m9es 7 work$ !re4  
,f "o gr\p ! m9t ( ,guatemala co9$ silv]
 to ! am\nt ( #dc1jjj1jjj1 besides :at 0
 %ipp$ directly to ,europe4             
,illu/ration3 ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,motagua  
,,riv]4  ,9 an (ficial report made by ! 
,director ( ! *emical laboratory to !   
,m9i/] ( ,f9ance ^! /atem5ts are made1  
bas$ on samples t _h be5 submitt$ =     
analysis & :i* 7 obta9$ = ! mo/ "p 9 !  
ea/]n region ( ! c\ntry4        ,z9c1   
copp]1 lead1 & silv] pr$om9ate 9 ^!     
regions1      be+ g5]ally f\nd 9        
arg5tif]\s bl5ds & gal5as1 &            
sometimes bo? metals 9 conjunction )    
c>bonates ( copp]4 ,!      proportion ( 
! lead v>ies f #bj to #be 9 ! gal5as & !

      bl5ds conta9 f #ae to #dj ( z9c4  
,! proportion ( silv] v>ies f #bjj      
grammes to #g kilos 7#ag      p\nds71   
all[+ "o to calculate on an av]age ( f  
#b to #c      kilos4 ,! b$s ext5d to !  
tablel&s on :i* ! capital is            
situat$1 /ret*+ z f> z ! ,dep>tm5t (    
,jalapa1 :]e !      lead disappe>s      
sometimes completely1 ! silv] be+ f\nd  
alone4      ,! ve9s /ret* to ! valley ( 
! ,motagua1 disappe>+ =      "s "t on ! 
left bank ( t riv] & reappe>+ aga9 to   
! nor? ( ,solama1 foll[+ a /raight l9e  
to ,huehuet5ango1      al?\gh ! quantity
 ( silv] 9 ?is region is less ?an 9 !   
b$s 9 ! s\!a/ ( ! ,republic4            
,copp]1 "o ( ! metals :i* is mo/        
abundant 9 ! c\ntry1      is g5]ally    
f\nd 9 oxic>bonate 9 b$s ( s$im5t4 ,x   
appe>s      9 ! neighborhood ( ! capital
 & v>i\s o!r po9ts4 ,^!      b$s cont9ue
 up to ! ,mexican fronti] along ! banks 
( !      riv] ,salega & r\nd ! t[n (    
,cuilco1 b ! nature ( !      metal      
*anges little by little1 pass+ f !      

c>bonates to      oxisulphates mix$ )   
iron & soon ! copp] disappe>s           
altoge!r4 ,9 ! ea/]n region abundant    
deposits ( c>bonates      ( copp] are   
f\nd pr9cipally 9 ! ,dep>tm5t (         
,*iquimula1      mix$ 9 _m cases ) o!r  
metals su* z z9c1 lead1 &      silv]4   
,lignite ( excell5t quality is f\nd 9   
b$s ne> ! ,atlantic      coa/1 a v great
 consid]ation 9 ! developm5t ( m9]al    
indu/ries4   ,capta9 ,rae ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 :o sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ,guatemala
 & :o wrote au?oritatively conc]n+ !    
m9]al res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 said t he _h 
f\nd ne> ! nor?we/]n fronti] l>ge       
quantities ( l[ grade gold sulphuret    
ores & also ri* lead ores c>ry+ a small 
p]c5tage ( silv] z well z "s good copp] 
c>bonates4 ,he said t ! lead ores 7 ( ! 
be/ clean c>bonates1 easily smelt$ by   
fuel alone1 & _h be5 rudely exploit$    
pr9cipally = ! lead !y conta9$4 ,^!     
silv] lead m9es ( l[ grades ( silv] 7 9 
! vic9ity ( ,*iantla1 & ! belt ext5d$1  
he said1 nor?we/1 break+ out aga9 9     

heavy deposits be>+ silv] f #ab to #dj a
 ton & lead #hj4  ,capta9 ,rae gave !   
foll[+ fur!r details3        ,/ill fur!r
 ea/ 9 ! ,lacodor c\ntry are f\nd imm5se
      deposits ( ! same "* ( ore1 :i*   
seem$ to lie z if      ?r[n up 9        
volcanic upheavals4 ,9 "s places ! lead 
is f\nd      9 small nuggets entirely   
pure4 ,l>ge deposits ( black lead or    
plumbago exi/ bo? nor? & s\? (          
,huehuet5ango ( a good      class &     
ready = comm]ce4       ,aurif]\s gravel 
b$s are f\nd at diff]5t po9ts on ! ,rio 
,gr&e 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,baja ,v]apaz :i* 
prospect well =      heavy c\rse gold4  
,! work+ ( ^! b$s is conf9$ to !        
imm$iate riv] banks1 done by ! natives 9
 a v rude mann]1      m]ely scoop+ out !
 *oice/ /reaks ( goldbe>+ gravel &      
wa%+ x 9 wood5 b[ls4 ,^! b$s seem to be 
well def9$ &      ext5d back ?r\gh !    
flats to ! hills4       ,also "s gold   
=mation is f\nd along ! ,rio ,platanos &
 ,vacas      two afflu5ts ( ! ,rio ,gr&e
 t fl[ into x f ! s\?      side & ne>ly 

opposite to "o ( ^! goldbe>+ gravel b$s4
      ,fur!r d[n ! riv] on ! nor? m\nta9
 range !re exi/s      asbe/os 9 sev]al  
places & f a surface prospect ! texture 
is ( a good v>iety & free f all =eign   
sub/ances v>y+      9 color f deep gray 
to sn[y :ite1 ! fibres measur+ z        
mu* z #f in*es 9 l5g?4       ,9 !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,izabal ly+ on ! ,atlantic  
or gulf coa/1      on ! l[] wat]s ( !   
,motagua & ,poli*is riv]s1 !re          
exi/s ri* & ext5sive b$s ( gold plac]s  
:i* h be5      work$ = sev]al ye>s 9 a  
primitive way & h yield$ a      l>ge    
am\nt ( gold du/4       ,9 ! foo?ills ( 
,liv+/on /one coal has be5 f\nd ( !     
lignite v>iety & said to make good      
combu/ible4 ,on ! opposite      side ( !
 ,gulf ( ,dulce f ! coal deposits are   
l>ge deposits      ( magnetic iron ores1
 rang+ f #fj to #gj p] c5t4 ( iron4     
,^! deposits lie only a few leagues f   
wat] communication on      ! ,gulf &    
also close to ! ,nor!rn ,railway4   ,!  
foll[+ description ( ! v>i\s m9]al      

di/ricts is f ,! ,bri/ol ,bo>d ( ,trade 
j\rnal3        ,! pr9cipal kn[n m9+     
di/ricts ( ,guatemala are situat$ on    
! ea/]n b\nd>y1 bo? to ! nor? & also !  
s\?1 9 !      ,dep>tm5ts ( ,*iquimula & 
,izabal1 adjo9+ ! ,republic (           
,honduras & t ( ,salvador4 ,^! di/ricts 
are m\nta9\s1      &1 ow+ to _! complete
 isolation & lack ( communication      )
 ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,republic & ! difficulty
 (      procur+ supplies1 !re be+ at !  
mom5t v few roads1 ?is      "p is n     
g5]ally kn[n to ! out] _w4       ,on !  
we/]n b\nd>y1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t (           
,huehuet5ango &      ne> to ,*iantla1   
!re are said to be v ri* copp] m9es1    
simil> to ^? ( ,*iapas1 9 ,mexico4 ,^!  
are n[ be+      explor$1 b s f> no copp]
 has be5 f\nd1 ?\gh ! di/rict      is   
ri* 9 lead & a small p]c5tage ( silv]4  
,! assays t      h come to h& %[ #ef p] 
c5t4 ( lead & #dj ounces p] ton      (  
silv]4 ,9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! ,republic m9es
 h be5      discov]$ & m9+ rights       
secur$1 su* z at ,san ,cri/obal &       

,aguil1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,alta ,v]apaz2  
ne> ,rab9al & ,pi*ec1      9 ,baja      
,v]apaz2 at ,san ,p$ro1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,guatemala2 also      at                
,mataquescu9tla1 9 ! m9es ( ,alg]ia &   
,ros>io1 9 !      ,dep>tm5t ( ,santa    
,rosa2 at ,zalcuapa & ,joyabaj1 on !    
,rio      ,gr&e1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,el    
,qui*e2 b ! only m9es t      h rec5tly  
be5 work$1 & :i* h giv5 & are giv+ fair 
results1 are ^? ( ,quebradas de ,oro1 on
 ! ,riv] ,bobos1 9 !      ,dep>tm5t (   
,izabal1 :]e gold has be5 wa%$ 9 pay+   
quantities4       ,! di/rict :]e m9es h 
be5 d5\nc$ 7pre-empt$7 & 9      "s      
in/ances work$1 lies betwe5 ! ,rio de   
,concepcion to !      nor? & ! ,rio de  
las ,m9as to ! s\?2 ! m9+ di/rict       
allud$ to is ne>ly due ea/ ( ,los       
,sillones1 on ! f9ca ( ,san      ,jose4 
,?is e/ate is 9 ! ,dep>tm5t (           
,*iquimula1 & a society      0 =m$ "u ! 
"n ( ,societe ,horta y ,cia41 :i* obta9$
      m9+ rights f ! ,gov]nm5t = a t]m (
 fifte5 ye>s )      ! "r to import free 

( duty all mat]ial1 ma*9]y1 &           
necess>y appliances4 ,b until ! pres5t  
"t v little has      be5 done1 ow+ to ! 
isolat$ position ( ^! m9es & !          
difficulty ( e/abli%+ communication1    
?\gh ! con/ruction      ( a small l9e1  
:i* might connect ) ! ,guatemala or     
,nor!rn      ,railway at ,*iquimula1 has
 be5 "u consid]ation1 b ! funds      = !
 c>ry+ out ( ?is project h1 x is        
und]/ood1 be5      lack+4 ,?is1 if      
built1 w\ld d away ) ! transportation   
difficulty4   ,!re is no difficulty 9 ! 
"w ( m9+ 9 ,guatemala s9ce ! climate 9 !
 m9+ regions is temp]ate & heal?ful4    
,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,trade ,,& ,,m>kets4    
,guatemala1 because ( its ne>ness1 is an
 unusually good m>ket = ! products ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,) ! increase 9 !        
transportation facilities :i* w result f
 railway build+ & o!r transportation    
ent]prises t w add to ! ocean %ipp+     
facilities ! bus9ess %\ld increase      
greatly if m]*ants & manufactur]s 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates *oose to take advantage ( 

x4  ,(ficial support is giv5 ?is view by
 ! reports ( ! ,am]ican ,consuls 9      
,guatemala4 ,consul ,g5]al ,w9sl[ has   
frequ5tly call$ att5tion to ! advantages
 :i* may be obta9$4 ,9 "o report he /at$
 t l>ge quantities ( groc]ies1 fl\r1    
potatoes1 %oes1 drygoods1 & clo?+ come f
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ,g]many & ,engl&    
seem to h ! lead 9 ma*9]y & h>dw>e4 ,!re
 is surely a f9e op5+ 9 ^! latt] l9es = 
export]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b !y mu/ be 
9 position to pu% _! goods p]sonally1 to
 give long] cr$its1 & to take m pa9s )  
pack+4 ,9 all1 x is safe to say1 !re are
 #h1jjj1jjj ( ,am]ican capital inve/$ 9 
,guatemala & !re is an op5+ = mu* m1 if 
x is back$ by ! "r k9d ( managem5t4  ,9 
a report1 to ! ,briti% ,=eign ,(fice 9  
#aije ,mr4 ,h]vey1 ! ,engli% ,consul1   
/at$ t z f> z actual volume ( bus9ess 0 
conc]n$1 z %[n 9 ! imports & exports1   
!re appe>$ to h be5 a di/9ct improvem5t 
9 ! g5]al trade ( ! c\ntry comp>$ )     
imm$iately prec$+ ye>s4 ,! imports 7 !  
l>ge/ = ! pa/ sev5 ye>s4 ,! rev5ue ( !  

c\ntry %[$ a great improvem5t all ar\nd1
 be+1 9 fact1 ne>ly d\ble t ( #aijc1 !  
mo/ important increases be+ %[n 9 import
 & export duties1 ! =m] b5efit+ by ! #ej
 p] c5t4 ( _! total payable 9 gold1 & ! 
latt] by ! tax ( #a gold p] qu9tal :i*  
has be5 collect$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>4  ,!     
outlook = ! future 01 ! report said1 m  
favorable ?an x _h be5 = _m ye>s4 ,!    
completion ( ! ,guatemala ,nor!rn       
,railway w\ld %ort5 ! di/ance f ,europe 
& ! ,unit$ ,/ates & promote trade4      
,already ,g]man & ,briti% /eam]s 7 call+
 at ,pu]to ,b>rios 9 addition to ^? ( ! 
,unit$ ,fruit ,company4 ,! great]       
/ead9ess ( ex*ange & ! fall 9 ! gold    
premium 7 fur!r factors ( importance 9  
re/or+ confid5ce4 ,) cont9u$ peace1 & ) 
x ! prospect ( increas$ labor           
facilities1 s t ! agricultural & m9]al  
weal? to be won f ! soil may atta9 to   
its fulle/ developm5t1 bright] days 7   
dawn+ = ,guatemala4   ,,articles        
,,br\ght ,,f ,,o!r ,,c\ntries4  ,a g5]al
 /atem5t reg>d+ ! articles :i*          

,guatemala buys abroad & :i* !re=e are (
 int]e/ to export]s is z foll[s3  ,!    
pr9cipal imports consi/ ( drygoods1     
almo/ exclusively cotton manufactures1  
br\ght f ,great ,brita91 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 & ,g]many4 ,9 ?is bran* ,briti% 
manufacture comm&s ! m>ket1 ! imports f 
! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,g]many be+ relatively
 small4 ,! m important articles are gray
 clo?s2 blea*$ %irt+s1 #g-h & #i-h      
pr9ts2 fancy clo?s2 gray1 :ite1 & blue  
drills2 color$ drills2 h&k]*iefs2 gray &
 dy$ y>ns2 ,turkey r$ y>ns2 sew+        
cottons2 trimm+s2 cotton blankets1 etc4 
,( ^! goods ab\t #ge p] c5t4 are (      
,briti% orig91 #ae p] c5t4 ,am]ican1 &  
#aj p] c5t4 ,g]man4 ,am]ican            
manufactur]s compete *iefly 9 drills1   
d5ims1 blankets1 pr9ts1 gray clo?s1 &   
blea*$ %irt+s1 :ile ,g]man goods import$
 consi/ *iefly ( drills1 pr9ts1 ,turkey 
r$ y>ns1 blankets1 & trimm+s4  ,wool5   
goods are n 9 v great dem&2 ! pr9cipal  
l9es are blankets1 %awls1 braids1 hats1 
,b]l9 wool1 & b few piece goods4  ,hats 

are import$ mo/ly f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1    
,g]many1 & only a few f ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2
 %awls f ,g]many1 pr9cipally2 piece     
goods f ,g]many1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$    
,k+dom4  ,silks are n 9 dem&1 except+   
floss silks import$ f ,*9a1 ribbons f   
,switz]l&1 ,france1 & ,g]many4 ,reg>d+  
h>dw>e g5]ally1 approximately #ej p]    
c5t4 is import$ f ,g]many1 #cj p] c5t4 f
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & #bj p] c5t4 f !     
,unit$ ,k+dom4  ,! pr9cipal imports f ! 
,unit$ ,/ates consi/ ( ma*etes1 axes1 & 
hoes1 besides tools g5]ally ( ! bett]   
classes1 corn mills1 pl[s1 sew+ ma*9]y1 
outfits = build+ purposes1 saws1 b>b$   
wire1 files1 screws1 cutl]y1 ropes1     
bru%es1 enamel$ goods1 pa9ts1 & v>ni%es 
& bread/uffs4  ,! imports f ! ,unit$    
,k+dom are *iefly compos$ (             
galvaniz$-iron %eets1 galvaniz$-iron    
goods1 c(fee ma*9]y1 copp] %eets1 t9    
goods1 ma*etes1 hoes1 sickles1 picks1   
pickaxes1 saltpet]1 pans 7us$ on sug>   
plantations71 iron %eets1 saws1         
padlocks1 cutl]y1 saddl]y1 bits1 spurs1 

brass valves & cocks1 pott]y1 c>tridges1
 also pres]ves & biscuits4  ,f ,g]many  
are br\ght all k9ds ( *eap tools1       
ma*9]y1 sew+ ma*9es1 cutl]y1 ma*etes1 b>
 iron1 enamel$ goods1 pott]y1 locks1    
screws1 nails1 w9d[ glass1 bru%es1 pap]1
 mat*es1 /e>9 & c]es91 "p ( ^! goods be+
 also br\ght f ,belgium & ! ,ne!rl&s1   
:ile ,france %ips tools = %oemak]s' &   
saddl]s' use4  ,! articles :i*          
,guatemala buys 9 ex*ange = h] c(fee1   
sug>1 fruits1 woods & o!r products 9 !  
cu/oms classification are divid$ into   
?ree gr\ps2 t is1 articles ( prime      
necessity1 articles ( luxury or         
conv5i5ce1 & articles = ! indu/ries4  ,!
 fir/ & mo/ important gr\p includes     
cotton & wool5 goods1 :eat fl\r1 rice1  
corn1 potatoes1 salt1 wax & /e>9e c&les1
 mat*es1 soap1 petroleum1 glass &       
e>!nw>e1 & kit*5 h>dw>e4  ,! second gr\p
 cov]s ! f9] grade ( wool5s1 silks1     
m9]al wat]s1 liquors1 pres]ves 9 cans1  
manufactur$ tobacco1 glassw>e1 porcela91
 toys1 musical in/rum5ts1 p]fum]y1 etc4 

,! ?ird gr\p consi/s ( coal1 woodwork+  
ma*9]y1 cur$ hides1 raw cotton1 sacks1  
lubricat+ oils1 f>m implem5ts & a v>iety
 ( ma*9]y4   ,,class ,,( ,,imports ,,f  
,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4  ,! %ipm5ts ) :i*  
up to ?is "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 mo/
 successful 9 furni%+ ,guatemala c be   
und]/ood f a summ>y ( ! articles s5t out
 "u a consul> invoice f v>i\s ports4 ,! 
exportations f ! port ( ,new ,orleans   
dur+ a rec5t ye> 7 z foll[s3            
,,"n ,,( ,,articles4                    
,,value4      ,l9se$ oil                
#afh      ,petroleum1 etc4              
#b1ecd      ,t>                         
#bee      ,live animals                 
#e1ddg      ,rice                       
#igd      ,empty b>rels                 
#aaf      ,coal                         
#ahe      ,cem5t                        
#dbb      ,ci/]n mat]ials               
#fdh      ,dynamite                     
#bdi      ,drugs                        
#a1igb      ,h>dw>e                     
#ai1dfh      ,cotton goods              

#de1gcc      ,iron b>s                  
#cch      ,:eat fl\r                    
#ae1hag      ,surgical in/rum5ts        
#bha      ,locomotives                  
#g1dfe      ,e>!nw>e                    
#a1abb      ,manufactur$ woods1 railroad
 ties1 etc4        #ee1ggb      ,indian 
corn                                    
#af1cce      ,malt                      
#dgd      ,cable rope                   
#a1hgd      ,g5tlem5's furni%+s         
#b1gbd      ,gasol5e motors             
#bhe      ,furniture                    
#feg      ,umbrellas                    
#ddd      ,provisions                   
#bc1abg      ,bridge mat]ial            
#ah1gid      ,salt                      
#b1acf      ,hats                       
#deb      ,:iskey                       
#igh      ,%oes                         
#a1eca   ,f ! port ( ,mobile %ipm5ts 7 z
 foll[s3        ,:eat fl\r              
#aj1aif      ,cotton goods              
#i1iaf      ,cann$ meats                
#b1ajh      ,cornmeal                   

#a1caf      ,h>dw>e                     
#hjd      ,alim5t>y cons]ves            
#ggg      ,butt]                        
#fgf      ,be] 9 bottles                
#egb      ,petroleum                    
#ebc      ,vegetables                   
#ejg      ,coal                         
#dbj      ,hay                          
#dje      ,dri$ fi%                     
#cgf      ,footwe>                      
#cfb      ,/e>9e c&les                  
#cag      ,mat*es                       
#cjj      ,cond5s$ milk                 
#bch      ,soap                         
#bbh      ,l>d                          
#bjf      ,fruit pres]ves               
#bjd      ,*eese                        
#agc      ,rice                         
#afh      ,miscellane\s food products   
#a1gjj   ,! exports f ,new ,york1 :i*   
av]age ab\t #ge1jjj p] mon?1 are compos$
 *iefly ( ! foll[+ articles3            
,galvaniz$ wire          ,lubricat+ oil 
,alim5t>y articles      ,electrical     
equipm5ts      ,betum                   

,iron pipes      ,glassw>e              
,cur$ hides      ,be]                   
,drugs      ,photographic mat]ial       
,h>dw>e      ,cotton goods              
,agricultural implem5ts      ,soap      
,jewelry      ,e>!nw>e                  
,sew+ ma*9es      ,railway mat]ial      
,m$ic9es      ,typewrit]s               
,miscellane\s ma*9]y      ,plat$ goods  
,p]fum]y      ,pap]                     
,petroleum      ,wat*es                 
,weigh+ scales      ,hats               
,:iskey      ,*9tz                      
,lea!r w>e   ,f ! port ( ,san ,francisco
 ! annual %ipm5ts am\nt to approximately
 #a1jjj1jjj4 ,! pr9cipal articles are   
fl\r1 :eat1 hops1 corn1 b>ley1 oats1    
cotton1 furniture1 ma*9]y1 be]s1 w9es1 &
 :iskies4 ,! articles import$ at ,san   
,francisco are *iefly c(fee1 sug>1      
cacao1 rubb]1 hides & lumb]4   ,,h[ ,,! 
,,comm]ce ,,is ,,divid$4  ,:ile ! ,unit$
 ,/ates has a fair %>e ( ! trade !      
proportion is n z l>ge z x might be if  
sy/ematic ef=ts 7 made4 ,9 ! la/ ye> =  

:i* /ati/ics are available ! =eign      
comm]ce ( ,guatemala am\nt$ to          
#ab1eic1jjj1 ( :i* #e1jda1jjj 0 imports 
& #g1eeb1jjj exports4 ,g]many1 :i* takes
 ! bulk ( ! c(fee crop1 is ! l>ge/      
consum]4 ,9 ! ye> quot$ x took #ec4gi ( 
! total exportations f ,guatemala ,nor? 
,am]ica 7*iefly ,unit$ ,/ates7 #be4hf4  
,engl&1 #ae4cg1 & ,france #b4d4  ,!     
exportation ( ! v>i\s c\ntries to       
,guatemala 9 p]c5tage t]ms 0 z foll[s3  
,unit$ ,/ates #cf4ei2 ,engl&1 #bb4fb2   
,g]many1 #ai4ig2 ,france1 #i4ba2 ,s\?   
,am]ica1 #b4hb2 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 #a4hc2 
,mexico1 #a4fi2 ,spa91 #a4ed2 ,italy1   
#a4cb2 ,belgium & ,holl&1 #a4bg2 o!r    
c\ntries1 #a4ad4  ,9 detail ! value ( ! 
goods import$ by ,guatemala 9 ! giv5 ye>
 03 f ,g]many1 #a1jai1jjj2 ,unit$       
,/ates1 #a1ddb1jjj2 ,engl&1 #a1jch1jjj2 
,france1 #age1jjj2 ,belgium1 #aad1jjj4  
,no o!r c\ntry except ! above export$ to
 ,guatemala goods exce$+ #ajj1jjj 9     
value4 ,( ! exports f ,guatemala1 *iefly
 c(fee1 z previ\sly /at$1 ,g]many took  

#c1ejh1jjj2 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #b1bib1jjj2 
,engl&1 #a1bhb1jjj4  ,presid5t ,e/rada  
,cabr]a 9 8 annual message comm5t$ on ! 
balance ( trade 9 favor ( ,guatemala &  
express$ himself v hopefully conc]n+ !  
measures ( int]nal developm5t :i* c\ld  
be c>ri$ on :ile ! conditions ( =eign   
comm]ce 7 s satisfactory4  ,s9ce a      
portion ( ! rev5ue ( ,guatemala is rais$
 f ! export tax on c(fee x is possible  
to ma9ta9 a v mod]ate s*$ule ( import   
duties & ?is is done4 ,! av]age duty on 
! gr\p ( articles describ$ "u ! head+ ( 
prime necessity is #bc4fg ad valorem4   
,on ! second gr\p #cj4hd & on ! ?ird    
gr\p #g4fj4 ,! duties are equitably     
di/ribut$ s z to be> lightly on ev]y?+ t
 ent]s into ! indu/rial upbuild+ ( !    
c\ntry4 ,moreov]1 special concessions   
are sometimes made on mat]ial = railway 
& o!r ent]prises :i* ent] into !        
national developm5t4  ,! g5]al rules    
reg>d+ ! application ( ! t>iff are v    
cle>4 ,!y are =mulat$ ) a view to sav+  
annoyance to %ipp]s & are specific en\gh

 to avoid unc]ta9ty4 ,import duties are 
n high4 ,! li/ ( articles :i* x is      
prohibit$ to import is a %ort "o4  ,!   
*>ges = invoices on %ipm5ts to          
,guatemala are z foll[s3        ,%ip's  
manife/                                 
#aj4jj4      ,validat+ invoices ( f  #a 
to #ajj        #g4jj4                   
#ajj    #ejj       #aj4jj4              
#eja   #ajjj       #ad4jj4              
#ajja   #cjjj       #af4jj4             
#cjja   #fjjj       #bj4jj4   ,= ea*    
additional #ajjj ! ,consuls w collect   
#b4  ,! gov]nm5t (ficials ( ,guatemala &
 ! m]*ants gave he>ty support to !      
project ( an exposition %ip or float+   
exposition :i* 0 und]tak5 on ! ,pacific 
coa/ 9 ord] to display ,am]ican products
 & manufactures & at ! same "t          
famili>ize ,am]ican firms ) ! products (
 o!r c\ntries4   ,,ex*ange ,,& ,,banks4 
,9 ! conduct ( its =eign comm]ce        
reasonably long cr$its are requir$ by ! 
m]*ants ( ,guatemala1 b always "u fix$  
conditions4 ,:5 ! c(fee crop is %ipp$   

bills on ,europe & on ,new ,york c      
always be procur$ at reasonable ex*ange 
& ! obligations be met 9 ?is mann]4     
,s9ce ! balance ( trade is 9 favor (    
,guatemala !re is always ! c]ta9ty (    
funds = ex*ange4  ,"u ,presid5t ,e/rada 
,cabr]a's adm9i/ration ! banks ( !      
c\ntry are subject to a regulation      
some:at simil> to ! national banks ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,v>i\s decrees h be5     
issu$ gov]n+ ! emission ( banknotes4 ,! 
late/ decree in/itutes a special bank   
exam9ation project & requires all !     
f9ancial in/itutions to give an acc\nt (
 _! condition & op]ations to ?is        
,dep>tm5t4  ,! foll[+ /ati/ics z to !   
lead+ banks ( ,guatemala h be5 compil$ f
 rec5t reports3   ,,guatemalan ,,bank   
7,,banco ,,de ,,guatemala74             
,capital subscrib$ & totally paid       
#b1ejj1jjj #jj      ,res]ve fund        
#fee1jjj #jj      ,cont+5t fund         
#bib1bjh #fg      ,fund available =     
divid5ds              #bjj1jjj #jj      
,manag]3 ,c>los ,galluss]4   ,,occid5tal

 ,,bank 7,,banco ,,de ,,occid5te74      
,capital au?oriz$          #b1jjj1jjj   
#jj      ,capital paid                  
#a1fej1jjj #jj      ,res]ve fund        
#a1bjj1jjj #jj      ,cont+5t fund       
#a1bjj1jjj #jj       ,manag]3 ,ruf9o    
,ib>gu54   ,,int]national ,,bank        
7,,banco ,,int]nacional74       ,capital
 subscrib$ & totally paid    #b1jjj1jjj 
#jj      ,res]ve fund                   
#a1ejg1jjj #jj      ,cont+5t fund       
#bha1iah #gf       ,manag]3 ,c>los ,b4  
,pull94   ,,columbian ,,bank 7,,banco   
,,colombiano74       ,capital paid      
#a1ggf1jjj #jj      ,res]ve fund        
#gig1gdg #id      ,s9k+ fund            
#ded1ahi #hd      ,fund available =     
divid5ds          #fi1bbg #gd           
,director3 ,f4 ,l4 de ,villa4           
,,am]ican ,,bank 7,,banco ,,am]icano74  
,capital au?oriz$                       
#a1bjj1jjj #jj       ,manag]3 ,a4       
,beck=d4   ,,agricultural ,,mortgage    
,,bank 7,,banco                         
,,agricola-,,hipotec>io74       ,capital

 au?oriz$              #ab1jjj1jjj #jj  
,manag]3 ,a4 ,pr5tice4   ,all ^! are    
banks ( emission & disc\nt ) headqu>t]s 
9 ,guatemala ,city & ) bran*es 9 ! o!r  
pr9cipal cities ( ! dep>tm5ts4 ,!y also 
to "s degree supply ! place ( m]cantile 
ag5cies & report f9ancial /&+ (         
individuals1 firms & companies ^u       
solicitation4  ,x is kn[n to be ! great 
ambition ( ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a to 
place ! f9ances ( ,guatemala on a solid 
basis dur+ 8 pres5t t]m4 ,! rate (      
ex*ange "u ! /ability n[ af=d$ & !      
improv$ indu/rial & comm]cial conditions
 has be5 /eadily fall+4  ,a f9al ^w     
conc]n+ ! opportunities = ,am]ican      
ent]prise is conv9c+ :5 x comes f       
(ficial s\rces4 ,9 "o ( 8 reports       
,consul ,g5]al ,w9sl[ said3        ,dur+
 ! pa/ few mon?s ! export]s ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates h      be5 do+ "s effective "w 9 
?is ,republic4 ,!re h be5      sev]al   
comm]cial travel]s "h /udy+ ! conditions
 &      tak+ sample ord]s4 ,_m o!rs h   
be5 ask+ = in=mation      f ?is         

,consulate-,g5]al1 :i* has be5 able to  
give valuable      in=mation4 ,if ?is   
field is prop]ly work$ & suffici5tly    
long      cr$it is giv51 practically    
no?+ b ,am]ican goods ne$ be      f\nd 9
 ! m>kets ( ,guatemala1 = !y are g5]ally
 conc$$      to be ! be/4 ,?is m>ket is 
wor? cultivat+1 = ! next few      ye>s w
 see great developm5t "h4 ,ev]y?+ po9ts 
t way1      & ! natural res\rces are    
great4 ,! op5+ up ( ! new      railroad 
to ! ,atlantic coa/ at ,pu]to ,b>rios w 
d wond]s      = ! c\ntry4 ,m att5tion is
 be+ paid to ! pack+ (      goods %ipp$ 
to ?is c\ntry4 ,x is an important matt] 
& _c      h too mu* att5tion on ! "p (  
export]s4 ,packages %\ld      be v      
firmly nail$ & b\nd by b& iron1 s !y    
w\ld be      difficult to op51 z !re is 
mu* compla9t ab\t goods be+      /ol5 f 
boxes 9 transit4 ,i h _h sev]al         
complim5ts (      late f ! cu/om (fic]s 
= ! way %ipm5ts ( ,am]ican      goods h 
come pack$4 ,x w pay export]s to pack   
well      ev]y?+ !y %ip4 ,doll>s sp5t 9 

?is l9e w br+      hundr$s 9 pr(its4    
,?is is especially true = ,c5tral       
,am]ican      ports4   ,supplem5t>y to !
 above 0 a report f ,vice-,consul ,g5]al
 ,ow5 9 :i* ^! obs]vations 7 made3      
,! foll[+ drygoods ( ,am]ican           
manufacture are becom+ q      popul> "h3
 ,br[n cotton1 all grades2 cotton duck1 
,l9dale1 up to      #f ounces2 light    
dome/ics2 long clo?2 g+ham2 cotton      
drill1      *ecks & /ripes 7*eviot72    
blue & br[n cotton drill2 fancy         
calicoes & lawns2 cotton w>e1 all       
colors4 ,! piece ( #bd y>ds      is !   
mo/ popul>1 al?\gh cotton *eviots1      
g+ham1 etc41 come      put up 9 l>g]    
pieces4 ,dress patt]ns 9 lawn & calico  
are      frequ5tly import$4       ,x mu/
 be borne 9 m9d t ! import]s ( ?is      
,republic are      = ! great] "p        
,g]mans1 & _! int]e/ & incl9ation       
lead !m to trade ) ! fa!rl&4 ,engl& also
 is pref]r$      ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
possibly because ,guatemala m]*ants c   
m easily id5tify !mselves 9 ,engl& & get

 bett] cr$its4      ,am]ican goods !re=e
 are import$ only :5 _! quality         
places !m s f> ahead ( ! ,european      
article t ! m]*ant      is almo/        
compell$ to h !m 9 /ock4 ,! ,am]ican    
manufactur]s %\ld become bett] acqua9t$ 
) ?is trade1      asc]ta9 :o are wor?y (
 cr$it1 & ext5d x4 ,! long voyage      &
 delay en r\te compel ! import] to ask  
long cr$its4 ,x is      sometimes two or
 ?ree mon?s aft] %ipm5ts de/9$ = ?is    
city leave ! manufactur] be=e !y c be   
display$ 9 !      /ore ( ! import]4 ,!  
cu/om duty on ab\t all cotton goods is  
collect$ on gross weight ( ! package4   
,great c>e %\ld be      tak5 ) invoices 
= cu/om-h\se purposes2 ! goods mu/ be   
describ$ 9 exact phraseology (          
,guatemala cu/om t>iff4     ,,*apt] ,v4 
,,climate ,,& ,,immigration4   ,!       
population ( ,guatemala accord+ to !    
g5]al c5sus ( ! ,republic tak5 at !     
beg9n+ ( #aijd 0 #a1hdb1jjj4 ,?is 0 !   
actual enum]ation1 b z !re 7 _m cases 9 
:i* a complete acc\nt 0 n possible !    

inhabitants probably numb] #b1jjj1jjj4  
,( ^? enum]at$ by races #gej1fae 7      
,lad9os1 & #a1jia1eai 7 ( ! aborig9al   
race4 ,! ,lad9os are ! desc5dants ( !   
:ite race & ( a mixture ( ,european &   
,indian4 ,! ,indian population is       
pr9cipally engag$ 9 f>m+ & 9 small      
comm]cial ent]prises 9 ! int]ior4 ,!    
,lad9os are mu* m en]getic4 ,! natives (
 ! high & cold regions are ! mo/        
vigor\s4  ,= _m ye>s x has be5 ! aim ( !
 ,guatemalan gov]nm5t to attract =eign  
immigration4 ,"u ,presid5t ,e/rada      
,cabr]a's adm9i/ration sy/ematic        
measures = ?is purpose h be5 tak5 & !   
policy ( enc\rag+ immigrants & coloni/s1
 especially f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has      
become a settl$ "o4 ,practically "o-half
 ! f]tile t]ritory is yet uncultivat$ = 
want ( t5ants & !re are _m agricultural 
indu/ries :i* require a v small am\nt ( 
capital :ile !y assure indep5d5ce to ^? 
:o foll[ !m4  ,! fir/ "q ask$ is :e!r ! 
natives ( ! temp]ate regions1 ,europeans
 & ,nor? ,am]icans1 c live & "w 9 !     

climate4 ,! answ] is t !re are l>ge     
areas suitable = !m :]e !y may engage 9 
c(fee-gr[+1 dairy+1 /ock-rais+ & simil> 
occupations4  ,! di/ricts kn[n z !      
,highl&s or ,los ,altos are at an av]age
 elevation ( #e1jjj feet & comprise "s (
 ! mo/ invit+ sections ( ,guatemala4 ,! 
upl&s include ,quezalt5ango1 ,solola1   
,qui*e1 ,huehuet5ango1 ,totonicapam1 &  
,san ,m>cos4   ,,! ,,?ree ,,zones4      
,usually 9 describ+ ! c\ntry x is divid$
 into ?ree zones4 ,! ti]ra cali5te1 or  
hot l&s1 comprise ! coa/ ( ! ,atlantic &
 ! ,pacific ocean4  ,! ti]ra templada1  
or temp]ate zone1 cov]s ! c5tral pla9s  
:i* range f #b1jjj to #e1jjj feet above 
! sea level4  ,! ti]ra fria1 or cold    
zone1 comprises ! highl&s z not$ above4 
,! ye> is divid$ into two seasons1 !    
w9t] or ra9y season la/+ f ,may till    
,octob]1 & ! dry season4 ,! hotte/ mon?s
 are ,m>* & ,april & ! colde/ ones      
,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,except along ! coa/
 ! av]age temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! ye> is   
ab\t #gb deg4 ,fahr5heit4 ,! climate on 

! coa/ is r5d]$ endurable by ! refre%+  
sea breezes :i* bl[ = sev]al h\rs e day4
 ,_m p :o live 9 ! upl&s 9 ! r>efi$     
atmosph]e f9d x agreeable & b5eficial to
 _! heal? to sp5d a few weeks e season  
on ! coa/ l&s4 ,! climate w\ld be hot & 
moi/ except = ! v>iations caus$ by !    
m\nta9s :i* oppose !mselves n only to ! 
prevail+ w9ds b also 9 ra9falls to !    
humidity ( ! air4 ,! w9ds are f ! ea/ & 
nor?1 al?\gh along ! ,pacific coa/ !re  
are s\!rn & s\?we/]n w9ds at c]ta9 times
 9 ! ye>4 ,9 reg>d to ra9fall ! g5]al   
rule is t ! regions confront+ ! moi/    
w9ds f ! ocean h abundant precipitation 
:ile ^? def5d$ by m\nta9 ranges f ! sea 
w9ds are dry4  ,! climate tak+ ! c\ntry 
z a :ole is an unusually heal?y "o4     
,fev]s are n common & :5 !y exi/ are    
conf9$ to ! w>m & humid coa/ regions4   
,no peculi> climatic disease exi/s 9    
,guatemala & ! c\ntry r>ely suff]s f    
epidemics4 ,?is is l>gely due to ! /rict
 sanit>y measures :i* are en=c$ by !    
gov]nm5t4   ,a ,,poetical ,,&           

,,practical ,,description4  ,! foll[+   
acc\nt ( ! climate 9 popul> language is 
giv5 by a well-kn[n au?ority3        ,! 
t]ritory ( ! ,republic belongs to !     
torrid zone compris$      among !       
int]tropical c\ntries :i* are exempt f !
      rigor\s w9t]s ( ! c\ntries (      
,europe1 ,nor? & ,s\?      ,am]ica1 & ! 
,f> ,ea/4 ,! vegetation :i* droops 9 !  
dry      season recov]s a m>vel\s       
exub]ance 9 ! season ( ! ra9s4      ,9 e
 "p x is enc\nt]$ !n rehabit$ 9 ! mo/   
spl5did      g>b ( nature4 ,! tropical  
c\ntries at ?is p]iod c]ta9ly are      !
 mo!rl& ( all ! plants :i* are cultivat$
 ?r\gh\t      ! _w :5 z 9 ! case ( our  
,republic !re are hot1      temp]ate &  
cold zones 9 :i* ! vegetation is        
p]petual &      fl\ri%es 9 ! regions :i*
 possess p]5nial spr+s (      fl[+ wat] 
to moi/5 ! cultivat$ l&s 9 ! season ( ! 
dr\?s4       ,! k ( ! climates is ( !   
highe/ importance = !      agriculturi/4
 ,x is 8 guide 9 ! exp]im5ts =          
acclimatiz+      exotic plants :i* he   

seeks to introduce into 8 prop]ties4    
,! climate ( a locality v>ies ?r\gh !   
backgr\nd ( !      m\nta9s1 ?r\gh its   
slop+ direction1 its ne>ness to ! sea1  
to ! lakes1 & to ! selvas2 ?r\gh !      
direction & !      =ces ( ! p]iodical   
w9ds4       ,sett+ out f ! l[ coa/l&s & 
asc5d+ to ! regions      ( ! ,altos or  
highl&s1 ! naturali/ admires            
successively !      exub]ant vegetation 
( ! tropics & t ( ! cold c\ntries4      
,on acc\nt ( ! topography ( ! t]ritory  
we h 9 !      diff]5t zones ( !         
,republic diff]5t climates *>act]iz$ by 
our two seasons--t ( ! ra9s1 our w9t]1 &
 t ( !      dryness1 our summ]2         
*>act]iz$ too by ! int5sity ( ! heat    
9 ! l[ zones ( ! coa/s & by ! crisp cold
 9 ! high      plateaus ( our m\nta9s2  
by ! =ce & duration ( !      p]iodic    
w9ds ( ! ,nor?we/ :i* 9 c]ta9 regions ( 
!      ,republic bl[ ) a viol5ce h>mful 
to agriculture4       ,! temp]ature 9 ! 
l[ zones fluctuates betwe5 #bf deg4 &   
#ce deg4      c5tigrade1 av]ag+ #bh deg4

 ,9 ! zones rang+ f #c1jjj to #e1jjj    
feet above sea level ! temp]ature       
fluctuates betwe5 #af deg4 &      #bd   
deg41 ! av]age be+ #bj deg4 to #bb deg4 
c5tigrade4 ,9 ! high zones or      cold 
l&s ! temp]ature v>ies f #h deg4 to #ae 
deg41 ! m$ium be+      #ab deg4 or #ac  
deg4 ,9 ^! zones f ,decemb] to ! end (  
,m>* !      temp]ature drops dur+ !     
night to #a deg4 c5tigrade & o!r times  
to #c deg4 or #d deg4       ,! ra9s     
comm5ce 9 ,may or ,june & cont9ue until 
! middle (      ,novemb]4 ,!y are mo/   
viol5t f ,july to ,octob]4 ,9 ! mon?s   
( ,septemb] & ,octob] !re are sometimes 
/orms & copi\s      ra9s :i* la/ almo/  
cont9u\sly f "o to two weeks4           
,heavy dews are num]\s & at times v     
copi\s 9 ! summ] 9      ! l[ zones close
 to ! sea1 ! lakes & ! big m>%es &      
also 9 ! high] zones ?r\gh ! cond5sation
 ( ! vapors      :i* absorb ! sun's rays
 & become m cond5s$ on rea*+      !     
cold] regions ( ! atmosph]e4       ,!   
nor!a/ w9ds are p]iodical & bl[ almo/   

)\t      int]ruption ?r\gh\t ! summ] & )
 great viol5ce on !      coa/s ( ! nor? 
& 9 ! ea/]n sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,!     
w9ds on ! s\? coa/ are mu* mild] & ^? 9 
! we/]n      sections are insignificant4
       ,"u ?is dr\?like action !        
vegetation )]s 9 ! hot &      dry zones4
 ,x fl\ri%es mo/ 9 ! di/ricts :i*       
possess      p]5nial spr+s ( runn+ wat] 
= f]tiliz+4       ,9 ! season ( ! ra9s  
!re are /rong hurricanes ( s\!rn        
w9ds :i* cause damage to agriculture1 b 
happily !y are n      frequ5t4       ,f 
! description ( ! v>i$ climates ( !     
,republic x      w be se5 t !y are      
adapt$ to ! cultivation ( !      ri*e/  
tropical plants & = all ! agricultural &
 indu/rial      produce :i* is cultivat$
 9 ! cold & temp]ate zones ( !          
entire _w4       ,besides1 its          
vegetative season is "o ( p]petual      
cultivation1      & 9 ! plantations :i* 
possess wat] = irrigat+ !      cultivat$
 l&s ?ree crops a ye> c be rais$ 9 ! hot
 zones      z well z ! temp]ate regions1

 & two crops ( ! c]eals1      :eat &    
,indian corn1 9 ! cold regions2 t is to 
say1 !      fe$+ ( #cj1jjj1jjj          
inhabitants is possible besides fruits =
 a      v ext5sive exportation4   ,,aids
 ,,to ,,agriculture4  ,9 a c\ntry s     
l>gely agricultural z ,guatemala is !   
measures = ! enc\ragem5t ( f>m+ may be  
tak5 z a means ( judg+ ! int]e/ %[n by !
 gov]nm5t4 ,on ?is po9t ,presid5t       
,e/rada ,cabr]a 9 a rec5t message said3 
,agriculture z ! prime factor ( our     
ri*ness has be5 !      object ( special 
att5tion dur+ ! la/ sev5 ye>s ( my      
adm9i/ration4 ,9 ord] to broad5 &       
improve x !re has be5      e/abli%$ 9 ! 
capital ! ,g5]al ,dep>tm5t (            
,agriculture      & 9 ! di/ricts &      
municipalities ,bo>ds = ! same          
purpose4 ,?is ,dep>tm5t has be5 au?oriz$
 to publi% a      p]iodical ,! ,bullet9 
( ,agriculture :i* is giv5 ov]          
exclusively to important f>m+ /udies4   
,se$s & plants h      be5 br\ght f o!r  
c\ntries & di/ribut$ among our f>m]s    

9 ord] to e/abli% new s\rces (          
production4 ,/rict ord]s h      be5     
issu$ to secure ! cultivation ( ! l>ge/ 
areas possible      & also = e/abli%+   
common se$ gr\nds4 ,regulations h       
be5 made = ! exploitation ( rubb]4 ,9 e 
possible mann]      ! importation ( f>m 
tools & agricultural ma*9]y has be5     
facilitat$4 ,contracts h be5 made = !   
exploitation ( !      woods 9 ! =e/s ( !
 nor?4 ,s*ools ( agriculture h be5      
creat$ 9 ord] to fur!r ! /udy ( ^!      
subjects by !      issue ( special      
bullet9s "u ! direction ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,agriculture4   ,illu/ration3 ,,/reet   
,,9 ,,escu9tla4   ,,lead+ ,,po9ts ,,(   
,,immigration ,,law4  ,a g5]al          
immigration law 0 pass$ sev]al ye>s ago 
:i* has be5 supplem5t$ by o!r laws s9ce 
t "t4 ,at ! outset immigration contracts
 ) ! ,*9ese are prohibit$ & ! latt] are 
n to be accept$ z immigrants4 ,! purpose
 ( ?is is to insure :ite immigration &  
to prev5t *eap coolie labor ( a tempor>y
 "* int]f]+ ) settl]s :o wi% to e/abli% 

!mselves p]man5tly4 ,immigrants are     
describ$ z ^? =eign]s hav+ a pr(ession1 
occupation or trade1 :e!r day labor]s1  
artisans1 work+m5 9 factories1 f>m]s or 
pr(essors1 :o give up _! own homes to   
come & settle 9 ,guatemala & accept _!  
transportation to be paid ei!r by !     
,guatemalan gov]nm5t or by an           
immigration company4 ,immigrants also   
include ! =eign]s ^: transportation is n
 paid by ! gov]nm5t or by private       
companies4 ,! we>+ app>el & h\sehold    
furniture1 tools1 dome/ic animals & o!r 
possessions ( immigrants are ent]$ at ! 
cu/om-h\se free ( duty4  ,an important  
provision au?orizes ! gov]nm5t to grant 
gratuit\sly to immigrants lots ( public 
l&s 9 c]ta9 di/ricts provid$ t !        
immigrants b9d !mselves to cultivate )9 
two ye>s ! ?ird "p ( ! l& grant$4 ,= ?is
 purpose zones ( tillable l& are set    
ap>t 9 ! di/ricts nam$4  ,immigrants are
 exempt$ = a p]iod ( f\r ye>s aft] _!   
arrival f s]vice 9 ! con/ruction or     
repair ( ! public roads & f ! paym5t (  

municipal taxes4 ,!y are also exempt$ f 
milit>y s]vice except 9 ! case ( =eign  
w>4 ,!y enjoy all ! rights & privileges 
grant$ by law to ,guatemalan citiz5s4   
,,public ,,l&s ,,= ,,settl]s4  ,"u a    
g5]al law a body ( (ficial eng9e]s 0    
creat$ = survey+ & di/ribut+ !          
uncultivat$ public l&s & fix+ ! prices  
!re=4 ,! price v>ies accord+ to ! nature
 ( ! l&1 :e!r x is = graz+1 rais+       
c]eals2 :e!r capable ( rais+ sug>1      
banana1 etc42 :e!r adapt$ to c(fee &    
cotton1 or :e!r x conta9s =e/s4 ,public 
l&s may also be grant$ to immigrants    
gratuit\sly4 ,in=mation on ^! po9ts c be
 _h ?r\gh correspond5ce ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,agriculture call$ ,direccion ,g5]al de 
,agricultura1 9 ,guatemala ,city4       
,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a's l& policy   
has be5 direct$ especially to prev5t    
great areas f be+ kept out (            
cultivation4 ,he has dictat$ _m measures
 ) ! purpose ( break+ up ! huge e/ates t
 (t5 are uncultivat$ = want ( capital & 
mak+ !m productive ?r\gh ! enc\ragem5t (

 small capitali/s or f>m]s4  ,! g5]al   
sy/em ( highways & c>t roads z well z ( 
! railroads has be5 devis$ = ?is        
purpose4  ,) reg>d to colonization &    
immigration ! policy ( secur+ ! b5efit (
 ! favor$ soil to settl]s has be5       
indicat$ 9 ! correspond5ce ) v>i\s      
companies & individuals4 ,9 a report by 
! ,director ( ,agriculture he decl>$ t  
immigration f ,nor? ,am]ica w\ld be v   
pleas+ to ,guatemala & w\ld /r5g!n !    
cordial relations exi/+ betwe5 ! two    
c\ntries4 ,t ! immigrants w be well     
receiv$ he 0 assur$4 ,_! practical "*   
w\ld be especially valuable 9 develop+ !
 res\rces ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,director1     
h[ev]1 call$ att5tion to ! fact t 9 _m  
places ( ! c\ntry ! geological          
conditions 7 n simil> to ! prairies ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates :]e 9 ! beg9n+ v mu* c\ld 
be accompli%$ on a l>ge scale by ma*9]y4
 ,9 _m ( ! di/ricts op5 to settlem5t 9  
,guatemala mu* ( ! "w ( cle>+ w\ld h to 
be done by h&4 ,t is "o reason :y       
enc\ragem5t is giv5 to ! individual     

settl]s in/ead ( to companies4  ,to     
broad5 & /r5g!n ! pres5t immigration law
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has         
recomm5d$ t c]ta9 l&s be ?r[n op5 to    
settlem5t on ! foll[+ conditions3  #a4  
,! gov]nm5t %all make ! plan = ! colony 
divid+ ! l&s into lots ( "o caball]ia   
7#aab acres74  #b4 ,! settl] %all take  
imm$iate possession ( ! lot :i* is      
grant$ him4  #c4 ,! gov]nm5t %all aid ! 
removal ( ! coloni/s f _! pres5t place (
 resid5ce to ! po9t :]e !y int5d to     
settle4 ,?is aid to be ext5d$ "u        
conditions :i* w insure its repaym5t4   
#d4 ,! coloni/s on tak+ possession ( _! 
l& %all obligate !mselves to beg9       
cultivat+ "s ( ! foll[+ articles3 rice1 
corn1 beans1 c(fee1 cacao1 vanilla1     
rubb]1 cotton1 hemp1 etc4  #e4 ,!       
gov]nm5t %all designate f among !       
coloni/s "s "o :o %all give g5]al       
in/ruction ) reg>d to ! f>m+4           
,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,int]national           
,,relations4   ,fri5dly relations ) all 
c\ntries1 bo? neighbor+ & di/ant1 is a  

lead+ po9t 9 ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a's
 programme4 ,! relations ( ,guatemala ) 
! ,unit$ ,/ates are p>ticul>ly close &  
cordial4  ,9 8 annual message ,presid5t 
,e/rada ,cabr]a said3        ,x is well 
kn[n t ! gr& ,republic ( ,nor? ,am]ica  
always      has %[n ! mo/ sympa!tic     
reg>d = our c\ntry & !      e>ne/ ef=t (
 my gov]nm5t has be5 to /r5g!n ! ties ( 
fri5d%ip :i* unite ! two nations4 ,) ?is
 feel+ exi/+      !re has be5 a*iev$    
dur+ ! p]iod s9ce #ahih ! mo/           
flatt]+ results1 s t x c be confid5tly  
/at$ t nev]      be=e h ! relations     
betwe5 ,guatemala & ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
rea*$ s great a degree ( cordiality z   
to-day1 & x may be      said t nev] has 
any cause ( discord betwe5 ! two        
gov]nm5ts be5 s remote z n[4 ,! dea? ( !
 illu/ri\s      ,presid5t ,mc,kinley1   
:i* 0 felt s deeply 9 ,guatemala1 & !   
adv5t into ! ,presid5cy ( ,mr4          
,roosevelt 9 no way int]rupt$      !    
progress ( affairs ) our ,republic & ^? 
:i* 7      p5d+ foll[$ _! tranquil c\rse

 t[>ds a satisfactory      arrangem5t4  
,! ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,relations 9 8    
annual report said3        ,motives     
analog\s to ^? :i* 9 =eign gov]nm5ts h  
caus$ congratulation ov] ! re-election (
 ,s5or ,e/rada ,cabr]a      z ,presid5t 
( ,guatemala h made x pleas+ t !        
gov]nm5t      ( ?is ,republic on its "p 
c\ld ext5d its congratulations ov]      
! re-election 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &       
,mexico respectively (      ,messrs4    
,roosevelt & ,diaz1 two em95t /atesm5 ^:
      conciliatory policies are well    
kn[n1 z likewise _! sympa!tic      reg>d
 = ,guatemala4 ,! cont9uation ( ^!      
illu/ri\s      p]sonages 9 p[] is       
consid]$ by ?is gov]nm5t z a gu>anty    
( ! increas+ cordiality ( ! relations ( 
,guatemala )      !m & x has also enabl$
 at ! same "t to be plac$ 9      evid5ce
 ) all s9c]ity ! satisfaction :i* has   
be5      produc$ by _! re-election 9 _! 
respective c\ntries4   ,^! are correct  
/atem5ts1 = ! s5tim5t ( pr(\nd sympa?y &
 admiration :i* ,presid5t ,e/rada       

,cabr]a & ! :ole p ( ,guatemala ent]ta9 
= ,presid5t ,roosevelt & = ! ,am]ican p 
are v m>k$4 ,= ,presid5t ,roosevelt on  
acc\nt ( 8 gr& traits ( "*1 ( m5tality &
 ( he>t & ! _s ( humanity1 ju/ice &     
rectitude :i* make ( him ! *ief         
magi/rate mo/ conspicu\s1 mo/ respect$1 
mo/ popul> & mo/ *]i%$ ( ! pres5t day2 &
 = ! ,am]ican p on acc\nt ( _!          
intellig5ce1 _! ent]pris+ disposition & 
_! unceas+ labors = progress1 :i* h ga9$
 = !m s pre-em95t a place among all !   
nations ( ! e>? z "o ( ! gr&e/1 mo/     
n\ri%+ & mo/ p[]ful4   ,,adh]5ce ,,to   
,,! ,,hague ,,peace ,,pr9ciples4  ,^!   
quotations indicate ! s5tim5t (         
,guatemala t[>ds ! two c\ntries ) :i*   
geographically & o!rwise x is mo/       
closely alli$4 ,fur!r evid5ce ( !       
fri5d%ip = ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! desire 
to su/a9 its policies ( int]national    
peace 7 af=d$ 9 ! promptness ) :i*      
,presid5t ,roosevelt's sugge/ion ( a    
second ,peace ,conf]5ce 9 ,! ,hague 0   
accept$4 ,) reg>d to ! ,unit$ ,/ates !  

,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs /at$3       
,kn[+ ! importance ( our relations ) !  
great ,am]ican      nation x 0 a        
grateful duty to s5d a special mission  
to      ,wa%+ton ) ! sole object (      
congratulat+ ,presid5t      ,roosevelt4 
,= ! dis*>ge ( ?is function ,s5or ,jorge
 ,munoz 0      select$ & he dis*>g$ x ) 
entire satisfaction to !      gov]nm5t4 
,?is mission hav+ be5 dispos$ ( he 0    
accr$it$      p]man5tly z ,envoy        
,extraord9>y & ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y4    
,inasmu* z x 0 n "o ( ! anci5t nations (
 ,europe1 b a      "y & virile          
,republic1 ! /ronge/ 9 ,am]ica1 :i*     
laun*$      ! project ?r\gh its di/+ui%$
 ,presid5t ( a second ,hague            
,conf]5ce to p]fect & complete ! works (
 ! fir/ "o 9      favor ( univ]sal      
peace1 x is to be hop$ t ?is ef=t w     
be second$ by all ! c\ntries ( !        
civiliz$ _w & t at      no di/ant "t :5 
exp]i5ce %all h %[n ! defici5cies      9
 ! conclusions adopt$ by previ\s        
,congresses ^? :i* may      be adopt$ 9 

! com+ ,peace ,conf]5ce w be m          
efficaci\s      = ! success ( !         
humanit>ian & praisewor?y end :i* !     
,unit$ ,/ates proposes4   ,guatemala    
previ\sly _h giv5 its adhesion to !     
pr9ciples ( arbitration promulgat$ "u ,!
 ,hague ,conv5tion4 ,x 0 repres5t$ 9 !  
,second ,int]national ,am]ican ,conf]5ce
 held 9 ,mexico #aija-aijb1 & ! v>i\s   
treaties & recomm5dations made by t     
,conf]5ce 7 ratifi$ or endors$ z 9 !    
case ( ! o!r signatory gov]nm5ts4 ,!    
action tak5 by ! gov]nm5t ( ,guatemala  
on ! respective conv5tions &            
recomm5dations 0 (ficially transmitt$ to
 ,s5or ,m>iscal1 ,secret>y ( ,=eign     
,relations ( ,mexico1 9 accordance ) !  
resolution ( ! ,conf]5ce4   ,,pecuni>y  
,,claims ,,arbitration4  ,among !       
treaties promulgat$ by ! ,pan-,am]ican  
,conf]5ce 9 ,mexico 0 "o relat+ to      
pecuni>y claims4 ,?is requir$ !         
ratification ( five gov]nm5ts 9 ord] to 
make x effective4 ,guatemala 0 "o ( !   
fir/ to give its =mal adhesion to ?is   

conv5tion4 ,?is treaty 0 ratifi$ by !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate & promulgat$ by !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate f ,wa%+ton 9 ! spr+ ( 
#aije1 s t ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s c n[   
claim its b5efits4 ,! treaty consi/s (  
five articles4 ,"u its t]ms ! high      
contract+ p>ties agree to submit to     
arbitration1 ?r\gh ! ,hague ,c\rt1 all  
claims = pecuni>y loss or damage :i* may
 be pres5t$ by _! respective citiz5s &  
:i* _c be amicably adju/$ ?r\gh         
diplomatic *annels & :5 su* claims are (
 suffici5t importance to w>rant !       
exp5ses ( arbitration4  ,by virtue (    
,article #bf ( ! conv5tion ( ,! ,hague !
 high contract+ p>ties agree to submit  
to ! decision ( ! ,p]man5t ,c\rt (      
,arbitration e/abli%$ by t conv5tion all
 controv]sies :i* are ! subject-matt] ( 
! ,treaty unless bo? p>ties %\ld pref] t
 especial jurisdiction be organiz$      
accord+ to ,article #ba4  ,if = any     
cause ! ,p]man5t ,c\rt ( ,! ,hague %\ld 
n be op5$ to "o or m ( ! high contract+ 
p>ties !y obligate !mselves to /ipulate 

9 a special treaty ! rules "u :i* !     
tribunal %all be e/abli%$ z well z its  
=ms ( proc$ure4  ,9 #aijb ! adm9i/ration
 ( ,presid5t ,e/rada ,cabr]a negotiat$ &
 ! ,national ,assembly ratifi$ an       
agreem5t ) ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,france1  
,engl&1 & ,italy1 :i* dispos$ ( _m      
subjects t _h be5 9 controv]sy4  ,spa91 
! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,mexico did n ent]    
into ! agreem5t because ^? gov]nm5ts    
pref]r$ to po/pone ! claims ( _! citiz5s
 until ! indu/rial crisis 0 ov] & !     
f9ancial conditions 7 improv$4 ,s9ce t  
"t a numb] ( claims h be5 adju/$        
satisfactorily4 ,presid5t ,e/rada       
,cabr]a /at$ 9 a rec5t message t !re 7  
no claims at ! pres5t "t :i* 7 weigh+ ^u
 ! national treasury4 ,^! matt]s hav+   
be5 arrang$ satisfactorily he said t no 
subject _h aris5 :i* c\ld alt] ! fri5dly
 relations ) ! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,?is 
fri5d%ip 0 %[n 9 ! tribute paid by !    
,diplomatic ,corps on ,new ,ye>'s day4  
,subsequ5tly ! gov]nm5ts ( ,g]many &    
,france _h %[n especial consid]ation by 

conf]r+ on ! ,presid5t ! ,ord] ( ! ,r$  
,eagle & ( ! ,legion ( ,honor           
respectively4  ,) ,mexico ! relations ( 
,guatemala h be5 cordial s9ce ! b\nd>y  
dispute 0 settl$ 9 #ahie4 ,rec5tly !    
comm]cial relations1 on acc\nt ( !      
con/ruction ( ! ,pan-,am]ican ,railway  
?r\gh ,mexican t]ritory to ! ,guatemalan
 bord] h requir$ ! e/abli%m5t ( v>i\s   
consulates 9 important places 9 ,mexico1
 & ! exequaturs h be5 grant$ by !       
,mexican gov]nm5t4  ,illu/ration3       
,,plaza ,,( ,,jocot5ango1 ,,guatemala   
,,city4   ,,concord ,,9 ,,c5tral        
,,am]ica4  ,) respect to ! neighbor+    
republics ( ,c5tral ,am]ica ! attitude (
 ,guatemala has be5 op5 & pron\nc$4 ,x  
desires to de/roy e cause ( discord     
among ! ,republics & to ma9ta9 a p]fect 
equilibrium4 ,guatemala took "p 9 !     
conf]5ce :i* 0 held at ,cor9to1         
,nic>agua1 9 ,augu/1 #aijd1 & at :i*    
,salvador1 ,honduras & ,nic>agua also 7 
repres5t$4 ,?r\gh its delegate ,presid5t
 ,e/rada ,cabr]a's gov]nm5t subscrib$ to

 ! foll[+ decl>ations3        #a4 ,to   
ma9ta9 peace is ! pr9cipal objective (  
our gov]nm5t1      n only because x is a
 necessity = ! v>i\s peoples1 b         
also because x imposes itself z a duty  
:i* all ,spani% ,am]ican                
nationalities %\ld fulfil4 ,= ?is reason
 we firmly believe 9      ! proposition 
to ov]come 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica e ob/acle t
      may /& 9 ! way ( peace & we w put 
=? our /ronge/      ef=ts to fru/rate ! 
s*emes ( ^? :o seek to s[ di/ru/      & 
jeal\sy among u impell$ z !y are by ! _s
 (      ambition or disord]4       #b4  
,! /rict compliance ) ! int]national    
compacts :i* b9d      u %all be ! te/ to
 :i* we submit our acts s t e      ef=t 
to ! contr>y w be va9 & b>r5 s9ce x is  
necess>y to recognize t ! g5]ality ( !  
labors ( !      enemies ( ea*           
adm9i/ration t5d to no laudable ends b r
      are ! "w ( selfi% egoti/s1 (      
p]sonal enmities or !      ab]ration (  
unbalanc$ judgm5t4       #c4 ,we d n    
hesitate !n 9 decl>+ t :atev] s*eme (   

discord1 subv]sive attempt1 or sugge/ion
 :i* proposes to break      our loyal   
fri5d%ip %all receive no support among u
 because !      s9c]ity & firmness ( our
 relations z repres5tatives ( !         
peoples :om we s]ve are & always w be   
affirm$ 9 ?is      solemn agreem5t1 :i* 
we make at ! in/ance ( ,c5tral ,am]ica2 
an agreem5t :i* is ! fruit ( ! ef=ts we 
h made z      public m5 on diff]5t      
occasions4       #d4 ,we expect t all   
good citiz5s w give u 9 ! s5se          
indicat$ _! patriotic co-op]ation       
inspir$ 9 ideals ( peace      &         
frat]nity & contribut+ by support+ u 9  
?is accord to      place an end to !    
discord :i* ! enemies ( ! public        
tranquillity cause4 ,& also uphold+ !   
lib]al & progressive      policy :i*    
gov]ns our acts4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,,!
 ,,l& ,,( ,,travel ,,& ,,hi/ory4        
,guatemala is a fasc9at+ c\ntry = !     
travel] & visitor4 ,antiqu>ians1 deep   
delv]s 9 ! maje/ic monum5ts ( ! long    
=gott5 pa/1 seek 9 ! my?s1 ! traditions1

 ! temples & ! ru9s ! riddles (         
prehi/oric civilization4 ,mod]n t\ri/s  
travel+ z !y w be able to d )9 a %ort "t
 by railway f ,new ,york or ,san        
,francisco to ! v he>t ( ,guatemala may 
lose !mselves 9 admiration ( ! sublime  
sc5]y1 ! lovely l&scapes ( valley &     
m\nta9 lake & =e/ 7! ,indian "n =       
,guatemala means ab\nd+ 9 trees71       
volcanic caps1 giant outl9es1 &         
cl\d-clad crat]s4 ,ev]y:]e !y w enc\nt] 
t div]sity :i* is ! *ief attraction (   
natural sc5]y4 ,!y w f9d also sup]impos$
 on ! prehi/oric ,indian civilization ! 
*>m ( ,spani% ar*itecture1 cu/oms1 "* & 
in/itutions4  ,m5 ( ! /amp ( ,presid5t  
,e/rada ,cabr]a :o are engag$ 9 !       
mat]ial upbuild+ & ! political progress 
( ! c\ntry may pref] to talk ( its      
agriculture & comm]ce1 its opportunities
 = ! en]getic & res\rceful p ( ! nor!rn 
regions r ?an to discuss its picturesque
 ru9s audits fasc9at+ hi/ory4 ,yet !y   
w\ld n h ^! subjects neglect$4 ,h5ce !  
travel] & ! t\ri/ always are welcome1 & 

:e!r !y be deeply le>n$ sci5tific       
inve/igators or m]e birds ( passage     
seek+ novelty e provision is made to aid
 !m 9 _! travels4   ,,nature',s ,,bold  
,,h&4  ,9 ! v accurate & complete       
physiographic description ( ,guatemala  
conta9$ 9 ! report ( ! ,int]cont95tal   
,railway ,survey ! foll[+ description is
 giv5 ( ! great *a9 ( volcanic cones &  
peaks :i* add s greatly to ! bold       
picturesqu5ess ( ! c\ntry4        ,!    
,pacific coa/ ext5ds g5]ally f ! nor?we/
 to !      s\!a/4 ,f ! sea ! gr\nd rises
 ) a v g5tle slope      inl& = almo/ #be
 or #cj miles :5 ! c\ntry becomes brok5 
by      ! lava foo?ills ( ! volcanoes   
:i* ext5d f "o end (      ! c\ntry to ! 
o!r & :i* /& l a giant wall betwe5      
! coa/ & ! int]ior4 ,beg9n+ at !        
,mexican b\nd>y !      l9e ( volcanoes  
ext5ds ne>ly p>allel to ! coa/4 ,back ( 
?is is a plateau limit$ on ! o!r side by
 ! ,cont95tal      ,divide & mu* brok5  
by spurs :i* unite ! volcanoes ) !      
,divide & ! deep valleys betwe5 ! spurs4

 ,! plateau is      dra9$ by riv]s :i*  
run to ! sea ?r\gh ! deep canyons       
betwe5 ! volcanoes4 ,! ,cont95tal       
,divide beg9s ) !      volcano ,tacana &
 mak+ a semicircul> b5d to ! nor? & ea/ 
rises aga9 9 ! volcano ,tajumulco4 ,f   
?is po9t its g5]al      direction is    
ea/]ly z f> z ! ,c]ro ,tecpam4 ,tacana &
      ,tajumulco are ! highe/ po9ts on  
?is are be+ respectively      #ac1ccd & 
#ac1had feet above sea level4 ,f        
,tajumulco to ne>      ,totonicapam !   
g5]al altitude ( ! ,divide is ab\t      
#i1jjj feet1      ! mo/ prom95t peaks   
be+ ! ,c]ro ,c]*il #aa1hcj feet1 &      
! ,c]ro ,calel #aj1hac feet4 ,f         
,totonicapam to ,c]ro ,tecpam !         
g5]al elevation ( ! ,divide is ab\t     
#aj1ejj feet ) "o peak1      ! ,c]ro    
,qui*e ( #aa1afj feet4 ,f ,c]ro ,tecpam 
#aj1jej feet1 !      ,divide turns to ! 
s\!a/ & drops to a g5]al elevation (    
ab\t #g1jjj feet1 cross+ ! plateau &    
ris+ aga9 9 !      ,c]ro ,santa ,m>ia   
,cauque4 ,foll[+ ! hills ( ,mexico1 x   

crosses      ! pla9 ne> ,guatemala      
,city1 ! suburb ( ,gu>da ,viejo1 #e1jfj 
feet1 be+ on ! ,divide4   ,! heights (  
o!r pr9cipal volcanoes are giv5         
opposite3        ,acat5ango             
#ac1jab      ,fuego                     
#ab1hba      ,agua                      
#ab1cjj      ,atitlan                   
#aa1hdi      ,santa ,m>ia               
#aj1ece      ,quezalt5ango              
#i1ceh      ,pacaya                     
#g1fge      ,ipala                      
#f1hja      ,*+o                 #f1jai 
,,v>iety ,,9 ,,geological ,,/ructure4   
,9 ! geological /ructure ( ! c\ntry     
unusual v>iety ( "* is %[n4 ,! qu>t]n>y 
=mation1 aluvium & diluvium1 cov]s !    
great] portion ( ! ,pacific coa/ f !    
foot ( ! m\nta9s to ! sea4 ,! same      
=mation is also obs]v$ 9 ! neighborhood 
( ,guatemala ,city1 ! valley ( !        
,passion ,riv]1 ,pu]to ,b>rios & v>i\s  
o!r localities on ! ,atlantic ,slope4   
,! t]ti>y =mation & p>ticul>ly lime/one 
cov]s ! entire ,dep>tm5t ( ,pet54       

,fur!rmore1 lime/ones & dolomites ( !   
upp] cretace\s age are not$ f ,la       
,lib]tad t[>d ! ,usumac9ta ,riv] & t[>d 
,briti% ,honduras4 ,9 ! localities (    
,san ,luis & ,santa ,b>b>a !re are      
t]ti>y lime/ones & s&/ones ( ,eoc5e &   
mioc5e ages4  ,! lime/ones & dolomites (
 ! upp] cretace\s age are also f\nd 9   
v>i\s localities mix$ ) t]ti>y lime/one 
& s&/one z well z conglom]ates1         
dolomites1 & lime/ones ( ! l[] cretace\s
 age4 ,9 o!r sections !y are mix$ )     
lime/ones & dolomites ( ! upp]          
c>bonif]\s age m+l$ ) slate1 s&/one &   
pudd+ /one4 ,! latt] =mation is f\nd 9  
o!r sections ) prec>bonif]\s lime/one & 
also ) cry/all9e lime/one ( ! azoic age4
  ,! t]ti>y =mation is foll[$ by an     
azoic =mation ( gneiss1 mica slate1 &   
phylada ) l>ge intrusions ( granite4 ,a 
k9d ( horn-bl5d slate has be5 obs]v$ 9  
"s p>ts ( ,izabal4  ,illu/ration3       
,,l&scape ,,( ,,gua/otoya ,,riv]4  ,!   
eruptive =mations are compos$ ( porphyry
 9 ! nor? & nor?we/2 ( diorite1         

obsidian1 rhyolite1 & dacite & (        
tra*yte1 toge!r ) basalt1 rhyolite1     
obsidian & granite 9 o!r sections4 ,!   
eruptive =mations are fur!r compos$ (   
basalt 9 ,pacaya & sev]al o!r volcanoes2
 & mo/ly ( ambesite 9 ! re/ ( !         
,cordill]as & ! highl&s4  ,= !          
pres5t-day travel] :o is int]e/$ 9      
e>?quakes & _! effects & 9 ! ru9s (     
,spani% ar*itecture1 no?+ m ent]ta9+ c  
be f\nd ?an a visit to ,la ,antigua1 :i*
 c be rea*$ f ,guatemala ,city by a few 
h\rs' ride 9 c>riage or on horseback4   
,antigua /ret*es ?r\gh ! beautiful &    
f]tile valley :i* 9 ! ,indian language  
means dry lake because ! tradition exi/s
 t 9 prehi/oric times !re 0 a f9e %eet (
 wat] cov]+ ! l&4 ,! panorama :i*       
delights ! eye f any elevat$ po9t (     
,antigua is glori\s4 ,! ?ree volcanoes (
 ,acat5ango1 ,agua 7wat]7 & ,fuego      
7fire7 lose _! maje/ic combs 9 ! cl\ds4 
,9 e direction spread f]tile fields ) an
 inf9ite numb] ( c(fee & sug>           
plantations 9 e /ate ( production4 ,!   

bord]s ( ! city are ba!d by two *>m+    
riv]s1 ! ,p5sativo & ! ,portal4 ,9 !    
imm$iate neighborhood are hygi5ic ba?s (
 pure cry/all9e wat]4   ,,prehi/oric    
,,ru9s ,,& ,,fam$ ,,lake ,,atitlan4  ,_m
 volumes h be5 writt5 ab\t ! prehi/oric 
ru9s ( ,guatemala & especially ( ,copan4
 ,"o ( ! mo/ rec5t & mo/ sumptu\sly     
illu/rat$ is t by ,anne ,c>y ,maudslay &
 ,alfr$ ,p]cival ,maudslay entitl$ ,a   
,glimpse at ,guatemala4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9  
,london4 ,9 ?is book ,pr(essor ,maudslay
 gives ! foll[+ description ( a visit to
 ! ru9s at ,quirigua3        ,! ru9s1   
:i* are completely hidd5 9 a ?ick       
tropical =e/1      /& ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s (
 a mile f ! left bank ( !      riv]     
,motagua & ab\t five miles f ! mis]able 
little      village ( ,quirigua1 f :i*  
!y take _! "n4 ,!y consi/      ( num]\s 
squ>e or oblong m\nds & t]races v>y+ f  
six      to =ty feet 9 height1 "s /&+ by
 !mselves1 o!rs      clu/]$ 9 irregul>  
gr\ps4 ,mo/ ( ^! m\nds 7 fac$ )         
work$ /one & 7 asc5d$ by flights ( /one 

/eps4       ,! int]e/ c5t]s 9 ! ?irte5  
l>ge c>v$ monoli?s :i*      are arrang$ 
irregul>ly r\nd :at 7 probably ! mo/    
important plazas4 ,six ( ^! monum5ts are
 tall /ones measur+      ?ree to five   
feet squ>e & /&+ f\rte5 to tw5ty feet   
out      ( ! gr\nd4 ,! o!r five are     
oblong or r\nd$ blocks ( /one      %ap$ 
s z to repres5t huge turtles or         
armadilloes or "s su*      animals4 ,all
 ^! monum5ts are cov]$ ) elaborate c>v+4
      ,usually on bo? back & front ( !  
tall monoli?s !re is      c>v$ a huge   
human figure /&+ full face & 9 a /iff & 
conv5tional attitude4 ,! sides ( !      
monum5ts are cov]$ )      tables (      
hi]oglyphs1 mo/ ( !m 9 fairly good      
pres]vation4 ,9      addition to ^!     
tables ( hi]oglyphs !re are s]ies (     
squ>e      or c>t\*es ( :at appe>s to be
 actual picture writ+1 ea*      division
 measur+ ab\t eighte5 in*es squ>e &     
conta9+      usually two or ?ree        
grotesque figures ( m5 & animals4 ,!    
design ( ^! picture writ+s %[s          

consid]able v>iety &      fre$om (      
treatm5t z comp>$ ) t ( ! l>ge sizes    
human      figures 9 ! execution ( :i* !
 arti/ seems to h be5      b\nd by      
conv5tional rules4       ,! l>ge/ ( !   
/one animals is p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable (
      all ! monum5ts4 ,its measurem5t is
 r\ghly a cube ( eight feet1      x mu/ 
weigh ne>ly tw5ty tons & x re/s on ?ree 
l>ge slabs      ( /one4 ,x is %ap$ l a  
turtle & is cov]$ ) a mo/      elaborate
 & curi\s ornam5t & ) tables (          
hi]oglyphics &      c>t\*es ( picture   
writ+4 ,! great] "p ( ! ornam5t         
?r\gh\t ^! c>v+s is =m$ f ! grotesque   
repres5tations ( ! human face or ! faces
 ( animals1 !      features frequ5tly s 
greatly exagg]at$ t x is mo/            
difficult to recognize !m1 b a c>eful   
exam9ation enables "o      almo/        
inv>iably to trace back to ?is facial   
orig9 :at at      fir/ sight appe>s to  
be m]ely conv5tional scroll "w4 ,=ms    
d]iv$ f leaves or fl[]s are altoge!r    
abs5t2 occasional      use is made ( a  

plait$ ribbon & a v free use ( plumes ( 
fea!rs :i* are (t5mo/ gracefully arrang$
 & beautifully      c>v$4 ,! fifte5     
monum5ts are divid$ into two gr\ps2 9 "o
      ! figures are all ^? ( m51 9 ! o!r
 ( wom54   ,! same au?ors give ! foll[+ 
vivid description ( ! fam$ ,lake        
,atitlan3        ,our t5t 0 pit*$ s     
close to ! precipice t ev5 f my      b$ 
,i _h a gr& view into ! ,lake & c\ld    
wat* ! black      masses ( ! volcanoes  
loom+ cle>-cut & solemn 9 !             
moonlight or *ang+ f black to gray 9 !  
e>ly dawn2 !n a      rosy flu% w\ld t\* 
! peak ( ,atitlan & ! light creep d[n   
its side1 reveal+ = a brief half h\r e  
detail ( c9d]      ridge & *asm on its  
sc>r$ & w\nd$ slopes until ) a          
sudd5 bur/ ( glory ! sun rose above !   
ea/]n hills to      /rike ! mirror-l    
surface ( ! ,lake & flood ! _w )        
w>m? & dazzl+ light4 ,e peak & m\nta9   
ridge n[ /ood      out cle> & %>p aga9/ 
! morn+ sky1 & only 9 ! %ad[      ( !   
hills w\ld a fleecy mi/ hang ov] !      

surface ( ! lake      f> b5ea? u2 !n    
almo/ be=e ! sun _h p[] to dr9k up      
^! lees ( ! night f ! deep gap betwe5 ! 
hills to !      s\?1 a l+] ( :ite cl\d1 
borne up f ! seaw>d slope1      w\ld    
creep ar\nd ! peak ( ,atitlan only to be
 dissipat$ 9 !      cool] air2 b f+]    
foll[$ f+] & ! my/]i\s h&      nev] lo/ 
its grasp until ab\t noon great bill[y  
cl\ds roll$      up ?r\gh ! gap & !     
outpo/ 0 fairly captur$ al?\gh !        
crat] itself (t5 /ood out cle> above !  
cl\dy belt4 ,x 0      n1 h[ev]1 until ! 
sun began to lose its p[] t ! real      
attack comm5c$ & ! second column deploy$
 ?r\gh ! gap on      ! s\!rn flank (    
,san ,p$ro & !n f five o'clock until    
d>k !re foll[$ a sc5e :i* no p5 & no    
bru% c\ld      adequately portray4 ,!   
cl\ds seem$ to be bewit*$2 !y came      
d[n on u 9 alt]nate black & sunlit      
masses1 t]rible 9 _!      maje/y2 !n    
roll$ aside to %[ u all ! beauty ( a    
sunset      sky1 t9ts ( violet t %ad$   
into p9k1 & p9k t melt$      into !     

cle>e/ blue1 :il/ f> away beyond !      
m\nta9 seaw>d      roll$ va/ bill[y     
masses1 fir/ r$ & yell[ & !n p9k        
fad+ to ! s(te/ gre54 ,aga9 & aga9 w\ld 
! cl\ds roll      d[n ^u u1 ! mi/ at    
times s ?ick t we c\ld n see      beyond
 a hundr$ y>ds2 !n j z quickly x w\ld   
roll away &      reveal a completely new
 phase ( ?is ev] %ift+ sc5e (           
beauty4 ,z ! sun sank beh9d ,san ,p$ro  
all turn$ aga9 to d>k      & angry      
purple ) contra/s & reflections l ! %e5 
( a      %ot silk4 ,sl[ly ! mi/s melt$  
away ) ! fad+ daylight1      ,v5us hung 
= a :ile l a spl5did jewel 9 ! air & !  
m\nta9s turn$ aga9 to %ad[y masses      
outl9$ aga9/ a cry/al      sky4         
,,fasc9at+ ,,hi/ory ,,?r\gh ,,!         
,,c5turies4  ,hi/orically e p]iod (     
,guatemala is fasc9at+4 ,usually !      
hi/ory ( ! c\ntry is divid$ into ! epo*s
 ( ! aborig9es1 ! ,spani% ,conque/1     
,indep5d5ce1 & ! era ( lib]al gov]nm5ts4
  ,across ! c5turies ! pa? ( hi/ory c be
 trac$4 ,a book writt5 9 ! #af? c5tury  

by "o ( ! aborig9es ( ! "t ( ! ,conque/ 
& call$ ,popol-,vuh or ,book ( ! ,p1    
speaks ( ! ,qui*es1 vigor\s & h>dy      
natives ( ! soil1 =]unn]s ( !           
,guatemalan p z hav+ rea*$ at t "t a    
degree ( advance :i* s+l$ !m out f among
 ! o!r primitive inhabitants ( ,am]ica4 
,_! religi\s sy/em 0 9 ess5ce a k9d (   
animal wor%ip ^: gods 7 p]sonifi$ by !  
fox1 ! coyote1 & ! wild bo> to be soon  
reemploy$ ?r\gh natural evolution by !  
=ces ( nature su* z ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 & !
 sea4 ,!y left z evid5ces ( _! wor%ip ! 
multitude ( monum5ts ^: impos+ ru9s are 
pres]v$ today4 ,pyramids :i* seem to be>
 traces ( ,egypt & *>act]s indicative ( 
a remote ,asiatic orig92 temples1 su* z 
! ,temple ( ! ,sun1 ( gr& ar*itecture2 &
 ! ,palace1 dwell+ ( ! ,k+1 a holy be+ &
 ! ,supreme ,arbit]4 ,! latt] is among !
 mo/ notable ( ,am]ican antiquities & x 
causes admiration ?r\gh ! graduat$      
pyramid1 ! triangul> vault & ! ar* =m+  
an h>moni\s :ole4 ,! ,qui*e civilization
 0 an advanc$ "o & its gov]nm5t 0 a     

!ocracy 9 :i* ! ,high ,prie/ 0 bo? !    
,supreme ,gov]nor & inh]it$ ! "n ( !    
primitive god ,votan4 ,?is !ocracy 0    
drawn f among ! w>riors :ile ! p 9      
complete s]vitude till$ ! fields 9 ord] 
to su/a9 ! wor%ip & raise gr& monum5ts &
 built num]\s cities on ! bord]s ( !    
lakes & riv]s4  ,agriculture 0 well     
advanc$4 ,cacao 0 cultivat$ ) gr&       
c]emonies & maize or ,indian corn :i* 0 
gu>d$ ) pr(\nd v5]ation because accord+ 
to ! anci5t tradition man 0 =m$ f x4    
,cotton 0 also gr[n & brilliant g>m5ts  
wov5 f x :i* 7 dy$ ) co*9eal & pigm5ts  
=m$ f v>i\s plants4 ,tobacco 0 cultivat$
 & yucca1 beans1 potatoes1 etc4 ,v>i\s  
textiles 7 fabricat$ ( ! f9e/ quality & 
_m ( ! palaces & temples 7 hung ) ?is   
tape/ry4  ,c]amics & v>i\s k9ds ( pott]y
 7 manufactur$ bo? = use & = ornam5t4 ,!
 sci5ces & ! arts 7 develop$4 ,! fame ( 
! ,qui*e cal5d> exi/s today4 ,!         
aborig9es also und]/ood pa9t+1          
sculpture1 & music4 ,!y made plumes &   
cloaks f ! fea!rs ( ! birds & !y wrote  

^u a pap] prep>$ f ! ,amatl4 ,_!        
language 0 liquid & possess$ few        
inflections4 ,x 0 ! mo/ p]fect ( ! six  
hundr$ or m languages :i* ! ,spani>ds   
enc\nt]$ 9 ! ,i/hmus ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 
,!y _h a lit]ature ( _! own & f ?is     
fragm5ts h be5 pres]v$ notably ! drama  
,rab9al ,a*i4   ,,spani% ,,conque/ ,,&  
,,:at ,,came ,,aft]4  ,guatemala 0      
conqu]$ by ! ,lieut5ant ( ,cortez1 ,p$ro
 de ,alv>ado4 ,9 ,april1 #aebd1 he cr[n$
 8 s]ies ( victories ov] ! ,qui*es by   
r\t+ !m on ! pla9s ( ,urb9a1 captur+ &  
condemn+ to p]i% by hang+ ! two la/ ,k+s
 ( ! mo/ p[]ful mon>*y ( ,c5tral        
,am]ica2 ,oxib-,queh & ,beleheb-,tzy4 ,9
 ,july ( ! same ye> he f\nd$ ! city (   
,guatemala1 al?\gh ?is 0 n def9itely    
e/abli%$ until ,novemb]1 #aebg4  ,)9 a  
few ye>s all ! regions ( ,c5tral ,am]ica
 _h submitt$ to ! ,spani% ,cr[n & =m$ ! 
,k+dom ( ,guatemala1 to ! capital ( :i* 
0 transf]r$ 9 #aedi ! ,royal ,audi5cia  
or ,high ,c\rt4 ,guatemala 0 ! head (   
,spani% p[] 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica "u ! g5]al

 t]m ( ! ,spani% ,capta9 ,g5]alcy = two 
c5turies4  ,dur+ ! two hundr$ & fifty   
ye>s foll[+ ! ,conque/ ! c\ntry _h ?ree 
capitals 9 turn1 all nam$ ,guatemala    
,city4 ,! fir/1 f\nd$ by ,alv>ado1 0 on 
! v spot :]e he f\ght ! battle :i* made 
him conqu]or4 ,! ,indian k+s ( ! ,s\?   
hav+ he>d ( ! exploits ( ,cortez 9      
,mexico1 s5t an embassy to him :i* he   
receiv$ ) di/9ction4 ,he s5t 8 favorite 
,lieut5ant ,alv>ado back to take        
possession4 ,alv>ado & 8 ?ree hundr$    
,spani% soldi]s 7 ne>ly a ye> 9 mak+ !  
j\rney ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,:5 ! ,indians      
oppos$ him he gave cont9u\s battle &    
f9ally conqu]$4 ,he de/roy$ _! capital1 
raz$ ! temple ( _! idols to ! gr\nd1 &  
built on its site a *ur*4  ,= sev5te5   
ye>s ,alv>ado kept ! ,indians at "w     
build+ a new capital on ! site ( _! old 
"o4 ,!n came ! e>?quake :i* de/roy$ !   
place & buri$ n9e-t5?s ( ! inhabitants  
"u ! ru9s4 ,a new location 0 f\nd1 b    
aga91 9 #aggc1 by ! eruption ( ,santa   
,m>ia ! capital 0 de/roy$4 ,?is is !    

gr\p ( picturesque ru9s n[ kn[n z ,la   
,antigua4 ,) ! de/ruction ( ?is capital 
a ?ird & f9al movem5t to ! spl5did      
situation 9 ! ,h]mit ,valley 0 made & ! 
new capital :i* is ! ,guatemala ,city ( 
today 0 e/abli%$4  ,aft] ye>s ( /ruggle 
aga9/ ! ,spani% dom9ation1 beg9n+ 9     
#ahaa1 ,guatemala secur$ its indep5d5ce1
 :i* 0 proclaim$ ,septemb] #ae1 #ahba1  
:5 9 place ( ! ,k+dom ( ,guatemala !re 0
 e/abli%$ ,a nation free & indep5d5t ( e
 o!r nation4 ,! hi/ory ( subsequ5t ye>s 
is int]wov5 ) ! ev5ts ( o!r ,c5tral     
,am]ican c\ntries4 ,aft] _m evolutions &
 disord]s z well z revolution>y *anges (
 gov]nm5t1 ! era kn[n z ! p]iod ( re=m &
 ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! lib]ties ( ! c\ntry
 began 9 #ahga4   ,,*apt]s ,,( ,,rec5t  
,,hi/ory4  ,! ev5ts :i* l$ to ! adoption
 ( ! lib]al ,con/itution ( #ahgi1 :i* is
 today 9 =ce1 d n ne$ to be rec\nt$ "h4 
,g5]al ,ju/o ,ruf9o ,b>rios1 :o _h be5 !
 lead+ _s 9 ! ,lib]al revolution1 0 a   
pron\nc$ advocate ( ! union ( all !     
,c5tral ,am]ican ,/ates 9 a s+le f$]al  

republic4 ,he endeavor$ to accompli% ?is
 aga9/ ! opposition ( ,salvador & 0     
kill$ at ! battle ( ,*al*uapa 9 #ahhe4  
,he 0 succe$$ by ,g5]al ,manuel ,lis&ro 
,b>illas1 :o ex]cis$ ! gov]nm5t f #ahhg 
to #ahib4 ,aft] him came ,g5]al ,jose   
,m>ia ,reyna ,b>rios1 :o dur+ ! fir/ f\r
 ye>s ( 8 adm9i/ration gave a good      
gov]nm5t & work$ mu* = ! prosp]ity ( 8  
c\ntry4 ,9 ! la/ two ye>s1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh 
! bad c\nsels ( selfi% advis]s =eign to 
8 gov]nm5t he s\ght to ext5d ! t]m ( 8  
au?ority & 0 resi/$ by successive       
revolutions4 ,he 0 assass9at$ by a      
p]sonal enemy ( ,european nationality 9 
,febru>y1 #ahih1 & ,guatemala 0 !n left 
9 ! mid/ ( a mo/ disa/r\s condition1 bo?
 indu/rial & political4  ,x 0 at ?is    
p]iod t ,manuel ,e/rada ,cabr]a1 !      
lawy]1 came into p[] & began ! s]ies (  
adm9i/rative re=ms & measures = !       
mat]ial developm5t ( ! c\ntry :i* h s   
va/ly improv$ ! condition ( ! p1 h      
re-e/abli%$ cr$it & giv5 assurance (    
fur!r progress "u cont9u\s peace &      

tranquillity4 ,x is ^! b5eficial        
measures :i* h caus$ ,presid5t ,e/rada  
,cabr]a to be signaliz$ z ! *ief ( !    
mod]n emancipation ( ,guatemala 9 its   
policies1 9 its intellectual & moral    
advancem5t1 & z ! au?or ( its pres5t    
progress4 ,"u 8 gov]nm5t ord] 9         
adm9i/ration has be5 secur$1 respect = !
 rights ( all1 mat]ial developm5t 9     
c\ntless =ms1 ! g5]al improvem5t ( ! p &
 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony & equity 9         
int]national relations h be5 obta9$4 ,x 
is ! success ( ^! policies1 :i* is n[   
assur$1 t makes ,guatemala s cle>ly !   
c\ntry ( ! future & entitles ,e/rada    
,cabr]a to rank ) ! mo/ di/+ui%$ heads (
 ,/ate ( ! pres5t day4