,transcrib$ f ! #ahhi ,macmillan & ,co4 edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,,! ,,roman ,,& ,,! ,,teuton ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,lectures ,,deliv]$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cambridge ,,by ,,*>les ,,k+sley1 ,m4,a4 ,,new ,,edition1 ,,) ,,preface1 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,f4 ,,max ,,mull] ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 #ahhi ,all rights res]v$ ,,ox=d3 ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,! ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,univ]sity ,,:o ,,did ,,me ,,! ,,hon\r ,,to ,,att5d ,,^! ,,lectures4 ,cont5ts ,preface by ,pr(essor ,f4 ,max ,mull] ,! ,=e/ ,*ildr5 ,! ,dy+ ,empire ,preface to ,lecture ,,iii ,! ,human ,deluge ,! ,go?ic ,civiliz] ,dietri*'s ,end ,! ,nemesis ( ! ,go?s ,paulus ,diaconus ,! ,cl]gy & ! ,hea!n ,! ,monk a ,civiliz] ,! ,lomb>d ,laws ,! ,popes & ! ,lomb>ds ,! ,/rategy ( ,privid5ce ,app5dix--,inaugural ,lecture3 ,! ,limits ( ,exact ,sci5ce z ,appli$ to ,hi/ory ,,preface ,nev] %all ,i =get ! mom5t :5 = ! la/ "t ,i gaz$ ^u ! manly features ( ,*>les ,k+sley1 features :i* ,dea? _h r5d]$ calm1 gr&1 sublime4 ,! con/ant /ruggle t 9 life seem$ to all[ no re/ to 8 expression1 ! _s1 l a cag$ lion1 %ak+ ! b>s ( 8 prison1 ! m9d /riv+ = utt]ance1 ! s\l we>y+ = lov+ response1--all t 0 ov]4 ,!re rema9$ only ! satisfi$ expression ( triumph & peace1 z ( a soldi] :o _h f\ght a good fight1 & :o1 :ile s9k+ into ! /illness ( ! slumb] ( dea?1 li/5s to ! di/ant s\nds ( music & to ! %\ts ( victory4 ,"o saw ! ideal man1 z ,nature _h meant him to be1 & "o felt t !re is no great] sculptor ?an ,dea?4 ,z "o look$ on t m>ble /atue :i* only "s weeks ago _h s w>mly press$ "o's h&1 8 :ole life fla%$ ?r\gh "o's ?\ghts4 ,"o rememb]$ ! "y curate & ! ,sa9t's ,trag$y2 ! *>ti/ p>son & ,alton ,locke2 ! happy poet & ! ,s&s ( ,dee2 ! brilliant novel-writ] & ,hypatia & ,we/w>d-,ho2 ! ,rector ( ,ev]sley & 8 ,village ,s]mons2 ! belov$ pr(essor at ,cambridge1 ! busy canon at ,*e/]1 ! p[]ful prea*] 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,"o ?\ght ( him by ! ,b]k%ire *alk-/reams & on ! ,devon%ire coa/1 wat*+ ! beauty & wisdom ( ,nature1 read+ h] solemn lessons1 *uckl+ too ov] h] inimitable fun4 ,"o saw him 9 t[n-alleys1 prea*+ ! ,gospel ( godl9ess & cleanl9ess1 :ile smok+ 8 pipe ) soldi]s & navvies4 ,"o he>d him 9 draw+- rooms1 li/5$ to ) pati5t sil5ce1 till "o ( 8 vigor\s or qua9t spee*es b\nd$ =?1 nev] to be =gott54 ,h[ *ildr5 delight$ 9 him6 ,h[ "y1 wild m5 believ$ 9 him1 & obey$ him too6 ,h[ wom5 7 captivat$ by 8 *ivalry1 old] m5 by 8 g5u9e humility & sympa?y6 ,all t 0 n[ pass+ away--0 gone4 ,b z "o look$ on him = ! la/ "t on e>?1 "o felt t great] ?an ! curate1 ! poet1 ! pr(essor1 ! canon1 _h be5 ! man himself1 ) 8 w>m he>t1 8 hone/ purposes1 8 tru/ 9 8 fri5ds1 8 read9ess to sp5d himself1 8 *ivalry & humility1 wor?y ( a bett] age4 ,( all ?is ! _w knew little2--yet few m5 excit$ wid] & /rong] sympa?ies4 ,:o c =get t fun]al on ! #bh? ,jan41 #ahge1 & ! l>ge sad ?rong t ga!r$ r\nd 8 grave8 ,!re 0 ! repres5tative ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & close by ! gipsies ( ! ,ev]sley common1 :o us$ to call him _! ,patrico-rai1 _! ,prie/-,k+4 ,!re 0 ! old ,squire ( 8 village1 & ! lab\r]s1 "y & old1 to :om he _h be5 a fri5d & a fa!r4 ,!re 7 ,gov]nors ( di/ant ,colonies1 (fic]s1 & sailors1 ! ,bi%op ( 8 diocese1 & ! ,dean ( 8 abbey2 !re 7 ! lead+ ,noncon=mi/s ( ! neighb\rhood1 & 8 own devot$ curates1 ,pe]s & ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 au?ors & publi%]s2 & outside ! *ur*-y>d1 ! horses & ! h\nds & ! huntsman 9 p9k1 = ?\gh z good a cl]gyman z any1 ,*>les ,k+sley _h be5 a good sportsman too1 & _h tak5 9 8 life _m a f5ce z bravely z he took ! la/ f5ce ( all1 )\t fe> or trembl+4 ,all t he _h lov$1 & all t _h lov$ him 0 !re1 & few eyes 7 dry :5 he 0 laid 9 8 own yell[ gravel b$1 ! old trees :i* he _h plant$ & c>$ = wav+ _! bran*es to him = ! la/ "t1 & ! grey sunny sky look+ d[n ) calm pity on ! des]t$ rectory1 & on ! %ort joys & ! %ort] suff]+s ( mortal m54 ,all w5t home feel+ t life 0 poor]1 & e "o knew t he _h lo/ a fri5d :o _h be51 9 "s peculi> s5se1 8 own4 ,*>les ,k+sley w be miss$ 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ,engli% colonies1 9 ,am]ica1 :]e he sp5t 8 la/ happy ye>2 aye1 :]ev] ,saxon spee* & ,saxon ?\ght is und]/ood4 ,he w be m\rn$ =1 ye>n$ =1 9 e place 9 :i* he pass$ "s days ( 8 busy life4 ,z to myself1 ,i feel z if ano!r cable _h snapp$ t ti$ me to ?is hospitable %ore4 ,:5 an au?or or a poet dies1 ! bett] "p ( him1 x is (t5 said1 is left 9 8 works4 ,s x is 9 _m cases4 ,b ) ,k+sley 8 life & 8 works 7 "o4 ,all he wrote 0 meant = ! day :5 he wrote x4 ,t 0 en\gh = him4 ,he h>dly gave himself "t to ?9k ( fame & ! future4 ,comp>$ ) a good "w done1 ) a good ^w spok51 ) a sil5t grasp ( ! h& f a "y man he _h sav$ f mis*ief1 or ) a ',?ank y1 ,sir1' f a poor woman to :om he _h be5 a com=t1 he w\ld h despis$ :at p call glory1 l inc5se curl+ away 9 smoke4 ,he 01 9 "o s5se ( ! ^w1 a c>eless writ]4 ,he did 8 be/ at ! "t & = ! "t4 ,he did x ) a conc5trat$ en]gy ( w :i* broke ?r\gh all difficulties4 ,9 8 flights ( imag9ation1 9 ! light & fire ( 8 language he _h few equals1 if any2 b ! p]fection & classical f9i% :i* c be obta9$ by a su/a9$ ef=t only1 & by a pati5ce :i* %r9ks f no drudg]y1 ^! are want+ 9 mo/ ( 8 works4 ,h[ev]1 fame1 = :i* he c>$ s little1 has come to him4 ,8 bu/ w /& 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 9 ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 by ! side ( 8 fri5d1 ,fr$]ick ,maurice2 & 9 ! ,temple ( ,fame :i* w be consecrat$ to ! p]iod ( ,victoria & ,alb]t1 !re w be a ni*e = ,*>les ,k+sley1 ! au?or ( ,alton ,locke & ,hypatia4 ,soon] or lat] a complete edition ( 8 works w be want$1 ?\gh we may d\bt :e!r he himself w\ld h wi%$ all 8 lit]>y works to be pres]v$4 ,f :at ,i knew ( him & 8 m>vell\s mode/y1 ,i %\ld say decid$ly n4 ,i d\bt m especially1 :e!r he w\ld h wi%$ ! pres5t book1 ,! ,roman & ! ,teuton1 to be h&$ d[n to po/]ity4 ,none ( 8 books 0 s sev]ely criticis$ z ?is volume ( ,lectures1 deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 & publi%$ 9 #ahfd4 ,he himself did n republi% x1 & x seems impossible to speak 9 m depreciatory t]ms ( 8 own hi/orical /udies ?an he does himself aga9 & aga9 9 ! c\rse ( 8 lectures4 ,yet ^! lectures1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 7 m l>gely att5d$ ?an almo/ any o!r lectures at ,cambridge4 ,!y produc$ a p]man5t impression on _m a "y m9d4 ,!y are ask$ = aga9 & aga91 & :5 ! publi%]s wi%$ = my advice z to ! exp$i5cy ( br++ out a new & *eap] edition1 ,i c\ld n hesitate z to :at answ] to give4 ,i am n s bl9d$ by my fri5d%ip = ,k+sley z to say t ^! lectures are ?r\gh\t :at academical lectures ought to be4 ,i only wi% "s "o w\ld tell me :at academical lectures at ,ox=d & ,cambridge c be1 z long z ! pres5t sy/em ( tea*+ & exam9+ is ma9ta9$4 ,x is easy to say :at ^! lectures are n4 ,!y d n pr(ess to conta9 ! results ( long cont9u$ orig9al rese>*4 ,!y are n bas$ on a critical appreciation ( ! au?orities :i* _h to be consult$4 ,!y are n well arrang$1 sy/ematic or complete4 ,all ?is ! sudd5ly elect$ pr(essor ( hi/ory at ,cambridge w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to grant4 ',i am n "h1' he says1 'to tea* y hi/ory4 ,i am "h to tea* y h[ to tea* y\rselves hi/ory4' ,i mu/ say ev5 m4 ,x seems to me t ^! lectures 7 n always writt5 9 a p]fectly imp>tial & judicial _s1 & t occasionally !y are unju/ to ! hi/orians :o1 f no o!r motive b a s9c]e reg>d = tru?1 ?\ght x _! duty to )hold _! ass5t f _m ( ! commonly receiv$ /atem5ts ( m$iaeval *ronicl]s4 ,b = all t1 let u see :at ^! ,lectures are1 & :e!r !re is n room = !m by ! side ( o!r works4 ,fir/ ( all1 accord+ to ! unanim\s te/imony ( ^? :o he>d !m deliv]$ at ,cambridge1 !y /irr$ up ! int]e/ ( "y m51 & made !m ask = books :i* ,und]graduates _h nev] ask$ = be=e at ! ,univ]sity libr>ies4 ,!y made _m p :o read !m aft]w>ds1 take a new int]e/ 9 old & half-=gott5 k+s & battles1 & !y extort$ ev5 f unfri5dly critics ! admission t c]ta9 *apt]s1 su* z1 = in/ance1 ',! ,monk z a ,civilis]1' display$ 9 an unexpect$ way 8 p[] ( appreciat+ ! good po9ts 9 *>act]s1 o!rwise mo/ antipa?ic to ! apo/le ( ,manly ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y conta91 9 fact1 ! ?\ghts ( a poet1 a morali/1 a politician1 a !ologian1 &1 be=e all1 ( a fri5d & c\nsellor ( "y m51 :ile read+ = !m & ) !m "o ( ! mo/ awful p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 ! agonies ( a dy+ ,empire & ! bir? ( new nationalities4 ,hi/ory 0 b 8 text1 8 *ief aim 0 t ( ! tea*] & prea*]1 & z an eloqu5t int]pret] ( ! purposes ( hi/ory be=e an audi5ce ( "y m5 to :om hi/ory is b too (t5 a m]e succession ( ev5ts to be le>nt by he>t1 & to be ready aga9/ p]iodical exam9ations1 he a*iev$ :at he wi%$ to a*ieve4 ,hi/orians by pr(ession w\ld naturally be inc5s$ at "s portions ( ?is book1 b ev5 !y w\ld probably admit by ?is "t1 t !re are 9 x :ole *apt]s full ( excell5ce1 tell+ passages1 happy del9eations1 %rewd rem>ks1 p[]ful outbreaks ( real eloqu5ce1 :i* c\ld n possibly be consign$ to oblivion4 ,nor w\ld x h be5 possible to attempt to introduce any alt]ations1 or to correct :at may seem to be mi/akes4 ,! book is n meant z a text-book or z an au?ority1 any m ?an ,s*ill]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>2 x %\ld be read 9 future1 z :at x 0 meant to be f ! fir/1 ,k+sley's ?\ghts on "s ( ! moral problems pres5t$ by ! conflict betwe5 ! ,roman & ! ,teuton4 ,"o _c help wi%+ t1 in/ead ( lectures1 ,k+sley _h giv5 u ano!r novel1 l ,hypatia1 or a real hi/orical trag$y1 a ,dietri* von ,b]n1 embody+ 9 liv+ *>act]s "o ( ! fi]ce/ /ruggles ( humanity1 ! dea? ( ! ,roman1 ! bir? ( ! ,g]man _w4 ,let me quote "h :at ,buns5 said ( ,k+sley's dramatic p[] _m ye>s ago3 ',i d n hesitate 7he writes7 to call ^! two works1 ! ,sa9t's ,trag$y & ,hypatia1 by f> ! mo/ important & p]fect ( ?is g5ial writ]4 ,9 ^! m p>ticul>ly ,i f9d ! ju/ification ( a hope :i* ,i beg to be all[$ to express--t ,k+sley might cont9ue ,%akspe>e's hi/orical plays4 ,i h = sev]al ye>s made no secret ( x1 t ,k+sley seems to me ! g5ius ( our c5tury1 call$ to place by ! side ( t sublime dramatic s]ies f ,k+ ,john to ,h5ry ,,viii1 ano!r s]ies ( equal rank1 f ,edw>d ,,vi to ! ,l&+ ( ,william ( ,orange4 ,?is is ! only hi/orical developm5t ( ,europe :i* unites 9 itself all vital elem5ts1 & :i* we might look ^u )\t ov]p[]+ pa94 ,! trag$y ( ,/4 ,elizabe? %[s t ,k+sley c grapple1 n only ) ! novel1 b ) ! m sev]e rules ( dramatic art4 ,& ,hypatia proves1 on ! l>ge/ scale1 t he c discov] 9 ! picture ( ! hi/orical pa/1 ! truly human1 ! deep1 ! p]man5t1 & t he kn[s h[ to repres5t x4 ,h[1 ) all ?is1 he c hit ! fre% tone ( popul> life1 & draw hum\r\s *>act]s & complications ) ,%akspe>ian en]gy1 is prov$ by all 8 works4 ,& :y %\ld he n und]take ?is great task8 ,!re is a "t :5 ! true poet1 ! prophet ( ! pres5t1 mu/ bid f>ewell to ! que/ions ( ! day1 :i* seem s great because !y are s ne>1 b are1 9 tru?1 b small & unpoetical4 ,he mu/ say to himself1 ,let ! dead bury _! dead--& ! "t has come t ,k+sley %\ld d s4' ,a great deal has be5 writt5 on mi/akes :i* ,k+sley 0 suppos$ to h made 9 ^! ,lectures1 b ,i d\bt :e!r ^! criticisms 7 always p]fectly judicial & fair4 ,= in/ance1 ,k+sley's us+ ! "n ( ,dietri*1 in/ead ( ,!odoric1 0 repres5t$ z ! v gem ( a blund]1 & "s critics w5t s f> z to h9t t he _h tak5 ,!odoric = a ,greek ^w1 z an adjective ( ,!odorus4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 only meant z a joke1 = on page #abj ,k+sley _h said1 9 a note1 t ! "n ( ,!odoric1 ,!ud]ic1 ,dietri*1 signifies 'k+ ( nations4' ,he !re=e knew p]fectly well t ,!odoric 0 simply a ,greek adaptation ( ! ,go?ic "n ,!ode-reiks1 !od mean+ p1 reiks1 accord+ to ,grimm1 pr9ceps #a4 ,b ev5 if he _h call$ ! k+ ,!odorus1 ! mi/ake w\ld n h be5 unp>donable1 = he might h appeal$ to ! au?ority ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 :o uses n only ,!odoricus1 b also ,!odorus1 z ! same "n4 ,a m s]i\s *>ge1 h[ev]1 0 br\ght aga9/ him = hav+ us$ ! ,high-,g]man =m ,dietri*1 in/ead ( ! orig9al =m ,!od]eiks or ,!od]ic1 or ev5 ,!odoric4 ,%\ld ,i h alt]$ ?is8 ,i believe n2 = x is cle> to me t ,k+sley _h 8 good reasons = pref]r+ ,dietri* to ,!odoric4 ,he introduces him fir/ to 8 he>]s z ',!odoric1 kn[n 9 ,g]man song z ,dietri* ( ,b]n4' ,he _h spok5 be=e ( ! ,visi-,go?ic ,!odoric1 & ( him he nev] speaks z ,dietri*4 ,!n1 :y %\ld he h adopt$ ?is ,high-,g]man "n = ! great ,!odoric1 & :y %\ld he speak ( ,attila too z ,etzel8 ,"o ( ! greate/ ( ,g]man hi/orians1 ,johannes von ,mull]1 does ! same4 ,he always calls ,!odoric1 ,dietri* ( ,b]n2 & ?\gh he gives no reasons = x1 8 reasons c easily be guess$4 ,soon aft] ,!odoric's dea?1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,g]man leg5ds on hi/ory1 & ( hi/ory on ! ,g]man leg5ds1 became s great t x 0 impossible = a "t to dis5tangle two *>act]s1 orig9ally totally di/9ct1 viz4 ,?jodrekr ( ! ,edda1 ! ,dietri* ( ! ,g]man poetry on "o side1 & ! ,k+ ( ! ,go?s1 ,!odoric1 on ! o!r4 ,:at _h long be5 said & sung ab\t ,?jodrekr & ,dietri* 0 believ$ to h happ5$ to ,k+ ,!odoric1 :ile at ! same "t hi/orical & local elem5ts 9 ! life ( ,!odoric1 resid+ at ,v]ona1 7 absorb$ by ! leg5ds ( ,?jodrekr & ,dietri*4 ,! names ( ! leg5d>y h]o & ! hi/orical k+ 7 probably id5tical1 ?\gh ev5 t is n q c]ta9 #b2 b at all ev5ts1 aft] ,!odoric's dea?1 all ! num]\s dialectic v>ieties ( ! "n1 :e!r 9 ,high or 9 ,l[-,g]man1 7 und]/ood by ! p at l>ge1 bo? ( ! h]o & ( ! k+4 ,few names h _h a l>g] numb] ( alias'4 ,!y h be5 c>efully collect$ by ,graff1 ,grimm1 ,=/emann1 ,pott1 & o!rs4 ,i "h give ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( ?is "n1 z actually occurr+ 9 ,,mss41 & arrang$ accord+ to ! *anges ( ! pr9cipal consonants3-- 7#a7 ,) ,?-d3 ,!udoricus1 ,!ud]icus1 ,greek text1 ,?iodiricus1 ,?iod]icus1 ,?iodric1 ,?iodricus1 ,?iodrih1 ,!odoricus1 ,!od]icus1 ,!od]ic1 ,!odri*1 ,?iadric1 ,?iadri*1 ,?i$orik1 ,?i$]ic1 ,?i$]ik1 ,?i$]i*1 ,?i$ori*1 ,?i$ric1 ,?i$ri*1 ,?id]ic1 ,?i$]i*1 ,?idri*1 ,?od]icus1 ,?ia$ric1 ,?ieod]i*1 ,!d]i*1 ,!dric4 7#b7 ,) ,t-d3 ,teud]icus1 ,teudricus1 ,tiod]icus1 ,teodoricus1 ,teod]icus1 ,teodric1 ,teodri*1 ,tiadric1 ,ti$rik1 ,ti$ri*1 ,ti$ric1 ,tid]icus1 ,tid]i*1 ,t$]i*4 7#c7 ,) ,d-d3 ,greek text1 ,diod]icus1 ,deod]i*1 ,deodri*1 ,di$]i*1 ,did]i*4 7#d7 ,) ,?-t3 ,?iotiricus1 ,?iotirih1 ,?iotiricus1 ,?iotrih1 ,!otoricus1 ,!ot]icus1 ,!ot]ih1 ,!otrih1 ,!otri*1 ,?iatric1 ,?iet]i*1 ,?ietrih1 ,?ietri*1 ,!atrih4 7#e7 ,) ,t-t3 ,teutri*1 ,teot]ih1 ,teotri*1 ,teotrih1 ,tiet]i*1 ,teatrih1 ,tiheit]i*4 7#f7 ,) ,d-t3 ,diot]ih1 ,diot]icus1 ,diotricus1 ,deotri*1 ,deotrih1 ,diet]ih1 ,diet]i*1 ,dietri*1 ,dit]ih1 ,ditricus4 7#g7 ,) ,?-?3 ,!o!ri*1 ,!o?iri*4 7#h7 ,) ,t-?3 dee/4 7#i7 ,) ,d-?3 ,die!ri*4 ,x is q true t1 /rictly speak+1 ! =ms ) ,?-d1 are ,l[- ,g]man1 & ^? ) ,d-t1 ,high-,g]man1 b be=e we tru/ ourselves to ?is division = hi/orical purposes1 we mu/ rememb] ?ree facts3 7#a7 t ,prop] ,names frequ5tly defy ,grimm's ,law2 7#b7 t 9 ,high-,g]man ,,mss4 mu* dep5ds on ! locality 9 :i* !y are writt52 7#c7 t ,high-,g]man is n 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w a corruption ( ,l[- ,g]man1 &1 at all ev5ts1 n1 z ,grimm suppos$1 *ronologically po/]ior to ,l[-,g]man1 b t ! two are p>allel dialects1 l ,doric & ,aeolic1 ! ,l[-,g]man be+ repres5t$ by ! e>lie/ lit]>y docum5ts1 ,go?ic & ,saxon1 ! ,high-,g]man ass]t+ its lit]>y pres5ce lat]1 n mu* be=e ! eigh? c5tury1 b aft]w>ds ma9ta9+ its lit]>y & political supremacy f ! "t ( ,*>lemagne to ! pres5t day4 ,:5 ,!odoric m>ri$ ,odefl$e1 ! daught] ( ,*ildeb]t1 & a si/] ( ,*lodwig1 ,i h little d\bt t1 at ! c\rt ( ,*lodwig or ,clovis1 8 royal bro!r-9-law 0 spok5 ( 9 conv]sation z ,diot]ih1 al?\gh 9 (ficial docum5ts1 & 9 ! hi/ory ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 he appe>s "u 8 classical "n ( ,!odoricus1 9 ,jorn&es ,!od]icus4 ,^? :o1 ) ,grimm #c1 admit a transition ( ,l[ into ,high-,g]man1 & d5y t ! *ange ( ,go?ic ,? into ,high- ,g]man ,d took place be=e ! six? or sev5? c5tury1 w f9d x difficult to acc\nt1 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 = ! "n ( ,deudorix1 a ,g]man captive1 ! nephew ( ,melo ! ,sigambrian1 m5tion$ by ,/rabo #d4 ,9 ! olde/ ,g]man poem 9 :i* ! "n ( ,dietri* occurs1 ! song ( ,hildebr& & ,hadebr&1 writt5 d[n 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury #e1 we f9d bo? =ms1 ! ,l[-,g]man ,!otrih1 & ! ,high-,g]man ,deotrih1 us$ side by side4 ,v soon1 h[ev]1 :5 ,high-,g]man became ! m preval5t language 9 ,g]many1 ,g]man hi/orians knew bo? ( ! old leg5d>y h]o & ( ! ,o/-go?ic k+1 by "o & ! same "n1 ! ,high-,g]man ,dietri*4 ,if !re=e ,johannes von ,mull] spoke ( ,!odoric ( ,v]ona z ,dietri* von ,b]n1 he simply int5d$ to c>ry on ! hi/orical tradition4 ,he meant to rem9d 8 read]s ( ! popul> "n :i* !y all knew1 & to tell !m1--,?is ,dietri* ) :om y are all acqua9t$ f y\r *ildhood1 ?is ,dietri* ( :om s mu* is said & sung 9 y\r leg5d>y /ories & poems1 ! fam\s ,dietri* ( ,b]n1 ?is is really ! ,!od]ic1 ! fir/ ,g]man :o rul$ ,italy = ?irty-?ree ye>s1 m glori\sly ?an any ,roman ,emp]or be=e or aft]4 ,i see no h>m 9 ?is1 z long z x is done on purpose1 & z long z ! purpose :i* ,johannes von ,mull] _h 9 8 m9d1 0 atta9$4 ,no d\bt ! be/ plan = an hi/orian to foll[ is to call e man by ! "n by :i* he call$ himself4 ,!odoric1 we "k1 c\ld n write1 b he _h a gold plate #f made 9 :i* ! fir/ f\r lett]s ( 8 "n 7 incis$1 & :5 x 0 fix$ on ! pap]1 ! ,k+ drew 8 p5 ?r\gh ! int]vals4 ,^? f\r lett]s 7 ,greek text1 & ?\gh we %\ld expect t1 z a ,go?1 he w\ld h spelt 8 "n ,?iud]eik1 yet we h no "r to d\bt1 t ! v[els 7 eo1 & n iu4 ,b aga9 & aga9 hi/orians spell prop] names1 n z !y 7 writt5 by ! p !mselves1 b z !y appe> 9 ! hi/orical docum5ts ?r\gh :i* !y became *iefly kn[n4 ,we speak ( ,plato1 because we h ,roman lit]ature betwe5 u & ,greece4 ,am]ican names are accept$ 9 hi/ory ?r\gh a ,spani%1 ,indian names ?r\gh an ,engli% m$ium4 ,! /rictly ,old ,high-,g]man =m ( ,c>olus ,magnus w\ld be ,*>al1 ,a4 ,s4 ,c>l2 yet ev5 9 ! ,oa?s ( ,/rassburg 7#hdb7 ! "n appe>s z ,k>lus & z ,k>l1 & has rema9$ s ev] s9ce #g4 ,9 ! same docum5t we f9d ,ludh] = ,lo?>1 ,ludhuwig & ,lodhuvig = ,ludovicus1 ! olde/ =m be+ ,*lod[i*3 & :o w\ld lay d[n ! law1 :i* ( ^! =ms %all be us$ = hi/orical purposes8 ,i h little d\bt t ,k+sley's object 9 reta9+ ! "n ,dietri* = ! ,o/-go?ic k+ 0 mu* ! same z ,johannes von ,mull]'s4 ,y "k1 he meant to say1 ( ,dietri* ( ,b]n1 ( all ! wond]ful ?+s told ( him 9 ! ,nibelunge & o!r ,g]man poems4 ,well1 t is ! ,dietri* ( ! ,g]man p1 t is :at ! ,g]mans !mselves h made ( him1 by transf]r+ to _! great ,go?ic k+ "s ( ! mo/ incr$ible a*ievem5ts ( "o ( _! olde/ leg5d>y h]oes4 ,!y h *ang$ ev5 8 "n1 & z ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools ( ,g]many #h /ill speak ( him z _! ,dietri* von ,b]n1 let him be to u too ,dietri*1 n simply ! ,o/-go?ic ,!od]ic1 b ! ,g]man ,dietri*4 ,i confess ,i see no h>m 9 t1 ?\gh a few words on ! /range mixture ( leg5d & hi/ory might h be5 useful1 because ! case ( ,!odoric is "o ( ! mo/ lucul5t te/imonies = t bl5d+ ( fact & fancy 9 /rictly hi/orical times :i* p f9d x s difficult to believe1 b :i* (f]s ! key1 & ! only true key1 = _m ( ! mo/ p]plex+ problems1 bo? ( hi/ory & ( my?ology4 ,orig9ally no?+ c\ld be m diff]5t ?an ! ,dietri* ( ! old leg5d & ! ,dietri* ( hi/ory4 ,! =m] is foll[$ by mis=tune ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 life4 ,he is oppress$ 9 8 y\? by 8 uncle1 ! fam\s ,ermanri* #i2 he has to sp5d ! great] "p ( 8 life 7?irty ye>s7 9 exile1 & only returns to 8 k+dom aft] ! dea? ( 8 enemy4 ,yet :5ev] he is call$ ,dietri* ( ,b]n1 x is because ! real ,!odoric1 ! mo/ successful ( ,go?ic conqu]ors1 rul$ at ,v]ona4 ,:5 8 enemy 0 call$ ,ota*]1 in/ead ( ,sibi*1 x is because ! real ,!odoric conqu]$ ! real ,odoac]4 ,:5 ! k+1 at ^: c\rt he passes 8 ye>s ( exile1 is call$ ,etzel1 x is because _m ,g]man h]oes _h really tak5 refuge 9 ! camp ( ,attila4 ,t ,attila di$ two ye>s be=e ,!odoric ( ,v]ona 0 born1 is no difficulty to a popul> poet1 nor ev5 ! /ill m gl>+ contradiction betwe5 ! d>+ & f]oci\s "* ( ! real ,attila & ! c[>dice ( 8 namesake ,etzel1 z repres5t$ 9 ! poem ( ! ,nibelunge4 ,?us 0 leg5d quick5$ by hi/ory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if hi/orians1 su* z ,gregory ,i 7,dial4 iv4 #cf7 #aj1 tell u t an ,italian h]mit _h be5 witness 9 a vision to ! damnation ( ,!odoric1 ^: s\l 0 plung$1 by ! m9i/]s ( div9e v5geance1 into ! volcano ( ,lip>i1 "o ( ! flam+ m\?s ( ! inf]nal _w1 we may recognise 9 ! heat$ imag9ation ( ! or?odox monk "s recollection ( ! my/]i\s end ( ! leg5d>y ,dietri* #aa4 ,lat] on1 ! leg5d>y & ! real h]o 7 s firmly weld$ toge!r t1 z e>ly z ! twelf? c5tury1 *ronicl]s are at _! wits' end h[ to reconcile facts & dates4 ,ekkeh>d1 9 8 ,*ronicon ,univ]sale #ab1 :i* ends #aabf ,a4,d41 po9ts out ! *ronological contradiction betwe5 ,jorn&es1 :o places ! dea? ( ,ermanri* long be=e ,attila1 & ! popul> /ory :i* makes him & ,dietri*1 ! son ( ,dietm>1 8 contempor>ies4 ,otto von ,freis+ #ac1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury1 expresses ! same p]plexity :5 he f9ds t ,!odoric is made a contempor>y ( ,h]manricus & ,attila1 ?\gh x is c]ta9 t ,attila rul$ long aft] ,h]manric1 & t1 aft] ! dea? ( ,attila1 ,!odoric1 :5 eight ye>s old1 0 giv5 by 8 fa!r z a ho/age to ! emp]or ,leo4 ,gottfri$ von ,vit]bo #ad1 9 ! second half ( ! twelf? c5tury1 expresses 8 difficulties 9 simil> words4 ,all ^! *ronicl]s :o h&$ d[n ! hi/orical traditions ( ,g]many 7 ,high-,g]mans1 & ?us x has happ5$ t 9 ,g]many ,!odoric ! ,great became ,dietri*1 z ,/rataburgum became ,/rassburg1 or ,turicum1 ,zuri*4 ,:e!r because ,engli% belongs to ! ,l[ ,g]man bran*1 x is less p]missible to an ,engli% hi/orian ?an to a ,g]man to adopt ^! ,high-,g]man names1 ,i _c say3 all ,i wi%$ to po9t out 0 t !re 0 a v intelligible reason :y ,k+sley %\ld h pref]r$ ! popul> & poetical "n ( ,dietri*1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 ,high-,g]man1 ei!r to 8 real ,go?ic "n1 ,!od]eik1 or to its classical metamorphosis1 ,!odoricus or ,!odorus4 ,"s o!r mi/akes1 too1 :i* h be5 po9t$ out1 did n seem to me s s]i\s z to ju/ify _! correction 9 a po/hum\s edition4 ,x 0 said1 = in/ance1 t ,k+sley ought n to h call$ ,odoac] & ,!odoric1 ,k+s ( ,italy1 z !y 7 only lieut5ants ( ! ,ea/]n ,caes>4 ,cassiodorus1 h[ev]1 tells u t ,odoac] assum$ ! "n ( k+ 7nom5 regis ,odoac] assumpsit71 & ?\gh ,gibbon po9ts out t ?is may only mean t he assum$ ! ab/ract title ( a k+1 )\t apply+ x to any p>ticul> nation or c\ntry1 yet t great hi/orian himself calls ,odoac]1 ,k+ ( ,italy1 & %[s h[ he 0 det]m9$ to aboli% ! useless & exp5sive (fice ( viceg]5t ( ! emp]or4 ,k+sley guesses v +5i\sly1 t ,odoac]'s assum$ title1 ,k+ ( nations1 may h be5 ! ,go?ic ,!ode-reiks1 ! v "n ( ,!odoric4 ,z to ,!odoric himself1 ,k+sley surely knew 8 real /atus1 = he says3 ',:y did he n set himself up z ,caes> ( ,rome8 ,:y did he always consid] himself z son-9-arms1 & quasi-vassal ( ! ,caes> ( ,con/ant9ople8' ,la/ly1 9 speak+ ( ! ext9ction ( ! ,we/]n ,empire ) ,romulus ,augu/ulus1 ,k+sley aga9 simply foll[$ ! lead ( ,gibbon & o!r hi/orians2 nor c x be said t ! expression is n p]fectly legitimate1 h[ev] cle>ly mod]n rese>* may h %[n t ! ,roman ,empire1 ?\gh dead1 liv$4 ,s mu* 9 def5ce1 or at all ev5ts1 9 explanation1 ( expressions & /atem5ts :i* h be5 po9t$ out z mo/ gl>+ mi/akes 9 ,k+sley's lectures4 ,i ?9k x mu/ be cle> t 9 all ^! cases alt]ations w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,!re 7 o!r passages1 :]e ,i %\ld gladly h alt]$ or /ruck out :ole l9es1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! e?nological passages1 & 9 ! attempt$ etymologies ( ,g]man prop] names4 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 ,i believe1 are ,k+sley's own1 ?\gh ,i h tri$ 9 va9 to f9d out :5ce he c\ld possibly h tak5 !m4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are m9or matt]s :i* are m5tion$ *iefly 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ ! impression t1 because ,i left !m un*ang$1 ,i approv$ ( !m4 ,! p]man5t int]e/ atta*+ to ^! lectures does n spr+ f ! facts :i* !y give4 ,= ^!1 /ud5ts w ref] to ,gibbon4 ,!y w be valu$ *iefly = ! ?\ghts :i* !y conta91 = ! imag9ation & eloqu5ce :i* !y display1 & la/1 n lea/1 = ! sake ( ! man1 a man1 x is true1 ( a w>m he>t r ?an ( a cold judgm5t1 b a man :om1 = t v reason1 _m admir$1 _m lov$1 & _m w miss1 almo/ e day ( _! life4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,lecture ,i--,,! ,,=e/ ,,*ildr54 ,i wi% 9 ?is fir/ lecture to give y "s g5]al conception ( ! causes :i* urg$ our ,teutonic race to attack & de/roy ,rome4 ,i %all take = ?is "o lecture no special text-book3 b suppose y all to be acqua9t$ ) ! ,g]mania ( ,tacitus1 & ) ! #i? ,*apt] ( ,gibbon4 ,& ,i %all beg91 if y w all[ me1 by a p>able1 a my?1 a saga1 su* z ! m5 ( :om ,i am go+ to tell y lov$2 & if x seem to any ( y *ildi%1 be> 9 m9d t :at is *ildi% ne$ n !re=e be %all[4 ,i "k t x is n hi/ory4 ,^! lectures w n be1 9 ! popul> s5se1 hi/ory at all4 ,b ,i beg y to be> 9 m9d t ,i am n "h to tea* y hi/ory4 ,no man c d t4 ,i am "h to tea* y h[ to tea* y\rselves hi/ory4 ,i w give y ! scaffold+ z well z ,i c2 y mu/ build ! h\se4 ,fancy to y\rself a great ,troll-g>d51 su* z our =efa!rs dream$ ( (t5 fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago2--a fairy palace1 ) a fairy g>d52 & all ar\nd ! primaeval wood4 ,inside ! ,trolls dwell1 cunn+ & wick$1 wat*+ _! fairy treasures1 work+ at _! magic =ges1 mak+ & mak+ always ?+s r>e & /range2 & outside1 ! =e/ is full ( *ildr52 su* *ildr5 z ! _w _h nev] se5 be=e1 b *ildr5 /ill3 *ildr5 9 frankness1 & purity1 & affectionat5ess1 & t5d]ness ( consci5ce1 & dev\t awe ( ! unse52 & *ildr5 too 9 fancy1 & sill9ess1 & ignorance1 & caprice1 & jeal\sy1 & qu>relsom5ess1 & love ( excitem5t & adv5ture1 & ! m]e sport ( ov]fl[+ animal heal?4 ,!y play unh>m$ among ! =e/ bea/s1 & conqu] !m 9 _! play2 b ! =e/ is too dull & too poor = !m2 & !y w&] to ! walls ( ! ,troll-g>d51 & wond] :at is inside4 ,"o c conceive easily = oneself :at f t mom5t w\ld beg9 to happ54 ,"s ( ! m adv5tur\s clamb] 94 ,"s1 too1 ! ,trolls /eal & c>ry (f into _! palace4 ,mo/ nev] return3 b "h & !re "o escapes out aga91 & tells h[ ! ,trolls kill$ all 8 comrades3 b tells too1 ( ! wond]s he has se5 inside1 ( %oes ( swiftness1 & swords ( %>pness1 & caps ( d>kness2 ( *>m$ h>ps1 *>m$ jewels1 & above all ( ! *>m$ w9e3 & aft] all1 ! ,trolls 7 v k9d to him--see :at f9e clo!s !y h giv5 him--& he /ruts ab\t a:ile among 8 companions2 & !n returns1 & n alone4 ,! ,trolls h bewit*$ him1 z !y w bewit* m4 ,s ! fame ( ! ,troll- g>d5 spreads2 & m & m /eal 91 boys & maid5s1 & tempt _! comrades ov] ! wall1 & tell ( ! jewels1 & ! dresses1 & ! w9e1 ! joy\s madd5+ w9e1 :i* equals m5 ) gods2 & =get to tell h[ ! ,trolls h b\ght !m1 s\l z well z body1 & taught !m to be va91 & lu/ful1 & slavi%2 & tempt$ !m1 too (t51 to s9s :i* h no "n4 ,b _! bett] nature fla%es out at times4 ,!y w n be ! slaves & brutes 9 human =m1 :i* ! evil ,trolls w\ld h !m2 & !y rebel1 & escape1 & tell ( ! horrors ( t fair f\l place4 ,& !n arises a noble indignation1 & w> betwe5 ! ,trolls & ! =e/-*ildr54 ,b /ill ! ,trolls c tempt & bribe ! gre$i] or ! m va92 & /ill ! wond]s inside haunt _! m9ds2 till x becomes a fix$ idea among !m all1 to conqu] ! g>d5 = !mselves & b$iz5 !mselves 9 ! f9e clo!s1 & dr9k _! fill ( ! w9e4 ,aga9 & aga9 !y break 93 b ! ,trolls drive !m out1 rebuild _! walls1 keep (f ^? outside by ^? :om !y hold enslav$ )92 till ! boys gr[ to be y\?s1 & ! y\?s m53 & /ill ! ,troll-g>d5 is n conqu]$1 & /ill x %all be4 ,& ! ,trolls h gr[n old & weak1 & _! walls are crumbl+ away4 ,p]haps !y may succe$ ?is "t--p]haps next4 ,& at la/ !y d succe$--! fairy walls are brea*$1 ! fairy palace /orm$--& ! ,trolls are cr\*+ at _! feet1 & n[ all w be !irs1 gold1 jewels1 dresses1 arms1 all t ! ,troll possesses--except 8 cunn+4 ,= z ea* /ruggles into ! *>m$ gr\nd1 ! spell ( ! place falls on him4 ,he dr9ks ! w9e1 & x madd5s him4 ,he fills 8 arms ) preci\s trump]y1 & ano!r snat*es x f 8 grasp4 ,ea* envies ! y\? be=e him1 ea* cries--,:y _h ,i n ! luck to ent] fir/8 ,& ! ,trolls set !m aga9/ ea* o!r1 & split !m into p>ties1 ea* mad ) excitem5t1 & jeal\sy1 & w9e1 till1 !y sc>ce "k h[1 ea* falls ^u 8 fell[1 & all ^u ^? :o are cr[d+ 9 f ! =e/1 & !y fight & fight1 up & d[n ! palace halls1 till _! triumph has become a v fea/ ( ! ,lapi?ae1 & ! ,trolls look on1 & laugh a wick$ laugh1 z !y t> !m on to ! unnatural fight1 till ! g>d5s are all trampl$1 ! f9]y torn1 ! halls dismantl$1 & ea* pavem5t slipp]y ) bro!rs' blood4 ,& !n1 :5 ! w9e is gone out ( !m1 ! survivors come to _! s5ses1 & />e %amefully & sadly r\nd4 ,:at an ugly1 desolate1 tott]+ ru9 ! fairy palace has become6 ,h !y spoilt x !mselves8 or h ! ,trolls bewit*$ x8 ,& all ! fairy treasure--:at has become ( x8 no man kn[s4 ,h !y ?r[n x away 9 _! qu>rel8 h ! cunn+e/ hidd5 x8 h ! ,trolls fl[n away ) x1 to ! fairy l& beyond ! ,ea/]n m\nta9s8 :o c tell8 ,no?+ is left b recrim9ation & remorse4 ,& !y w&] back aga9 into ! =e/1 away f ! doleful ru91 c>rion-/rewn1 to sulk ea* ap>t ov] "s petty spoil :i* he has sav$ f ! g5]al wreck1 hat+ & dread+ ea* ! s\nd ( 8 neighb\r's foot/ep4 ,:at w become ( ! =e/ *ildr51 unless "s k9d sa9t or h]mit comes among !m1 to b9d !m 9 ! holy bonds ( bro!rhood & law8 ,?is is my saga1 g5tlem52 & x is a true "o )al4 ,= x is nei!r m nor less ?an ! /ory ( ! ,teutonic tribes1 & h[ !y ov]?rew ! ,empire ( ,rome4 ,m5zel1 :o ?\gh he may n rank v high z a hi/orian1 has at lea/ a true ,g]man he>t1 op5s 8 hi/ory ) a /rik+ passage4 ',! sages ( ! ,ea/ 7 tea*+ wisdom b5ea? ! palms2 ! m]*ants ( ,tyre & ,c>?age 7 weigh+ _! heavy an*ors1 & spread+ _! purple sails = f> seas2 ! ,greek 0 mak+ ! e>? fair by 8 art1 & ! ,roman f\nd+ 8 colossal empire ( =ce1 :ile ! ,teuton sat1 yet a *ild1 unkn[n & nak$ among ! =e/ bea/s3 & yet unh>m$ & 9 8 sport he lord$ x ov] !m2 = ! *ild 0 ( a royal race1 & de/9$ to w9 glory = all "t to come4' ,to ! /range & complicat$ education :i* ,god appo9t$ = ?is race2 & by :i* he has fitt$ x to become1 at lea/ = _m c5turies h5ce=?1 ! rul+ race ( ! _w1 ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion 9 my future lectures4 ,to-day1 ,i wi% to impress /rongly on y\r m9ds ?is *ildi%ness ( our =efa!rs4 ,= good or = evil !y 7 great boys2 v noble boys2 v (t5 v naughty boys--z boys ) ! /r5g? ( m5 might well be4 ,try to conceive su* to y\rselves1 & y h ! old ,m>kman1 ,allman1 ,go?1 ,lomb>d1 ,saxon1 ,frank4 ,& ! notion may be m ?an a m]e metaphor4 ,races1 l individuals1 x has be5 (t5 said1 may h _! *ildhood1 _! y\?1 _! manhood1 _! old age1 & natural dea?4 ,x is b a !ory--p]haps no?+ m4 ,b at lea/1 our race _h its *ildhood4 ,_! virtues1 & _! sad fail+s1 & failures1 ,i c und]/& on no o!r !ory4 ,! ne>e/ type :i* we c see n[ is ,i fancy1 ! ,engli% sailor1 or ! ,engli% navvy4 ,a great1 simple1 hone/1 baby--full ( p[] & fun1 v co>se & pla9 spok5 at times3 b if treat$ l a human be+1 mo/ affectionate1 susceptible1 ev5 s5tim5tal & sup]/iti\s2 fond ( gambl+1 brute excitem5t1 *ildi% amusem5ts 9 ! int]vals ( enorm\s ex]tion2 qu>relsome among !mselves1 z boys are1 & ) a _s ( wild indep5d5ce :i* seems to be /r5g?2 b :i*1 till x be discipl9$ into loyal ob$i5ce & self-sacrifice1 is m]e weakness2 & b5ea? all a deep practical %rewdness1 an indomitable p]sev]ance1 :5 once r\s$ by ne$4 ,su* a _s z we see to ?is day 9 ! ,engli% sailor--t is ! ne>e/ analogue ,i c f9d n[4 ,"o gets h9ts "h & !re ( :at mann] ( m5 !y 71 f ! evil day1 :51 "o hundr$ & two ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ! ,kemp]s & ,teutons1 rang+ ov] ! ,alps t[>d ,italy1 #cjj1jjj arm$ m5 & #ae1jjj mail$ knights ) broad sword & lances1 & 9 _! helmets ! same bulls'-horns1 w+s1 & fea!rs1 :i* "o sees n[ 9 ! cre/s ( ,g]man pr9ces1 /umbl$ ^u ,m>ius & 8 ,romans1 & 7 de/roy$ utt]ly1 fir/ ! m51 !n ! wom51 :o l true wom5 z !y 71 r ?an give up _! hon\r to ! ,romans1 hung !mselves on ! horns ( ! waggon-ox51 & 7 trampl$ to dea? b5ea? _! feet2 & !n ! v dogs1 :o f\ght on :5 m5 & wom5 7 all sla9--f t fatal day1 d[n to ! glori\s "o1 :51 five hundr$ ye>s aft]1 ,al>ic /ood b5ea? ! walls ( ,rome1 & to _! despair+ boa/ ( ! ,roman numb]s1 answ]$1 ',come out to u !n1 ! ?ick] ! hay1 ! easi] m[$1'--= five hundr$ ye>s1 ,i say1 ! h9ts ( _! "* are all ^? ( a boy-nature4 ,!y 7 cruel at times3 b s are boys--mu* m cruel ?an gr[n m51 ,i h>dly "k :y--p]haps because !y h n felt suff]+ s mu* !mselves1 & "k n h[ h>d x is to be>4 ,!re 7 v>ieties ( "* among !m4 ,! ,franks 7 always false1 va91 caprici\s1 selfi%1 tak+ "p ) ! ,romans :5ev] _! int]e/ or vanity 0 at /ake--! wor/ ( all ,teutons1 ?\gh by no means ! weake/--& a mis]able bus9ess !y made ( x 9 ,france1 = "s five hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ,go?s1 ,salvian says1 7 ! mo/ ignavi ( all ( !m2 great lazy l\rdans2 apt to be cruel1 too1 ! ,visigo?s at lea/1 z _! ,spani% desc5dants prov$ to ! horror ( ! _w3 b m5 ( hon\r )al1 z ^? old ,spani>ds 74 ,! ,saxons 7 fam$ = cruelty--,i "k n :y1 = our bran* ( ! ,saxons has be51 f ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory1 ! lea/ cruel p 9 ,europe2 b !y _h ! reputation--z ! ,v&als _h also--( be+ ! mo/ pure2 ,ca/itate v5]&i4 ,& among ! unciviliz$ p coldness & cruelty g (t5 toge!r4 ,! less passionate & s5sitive ! nature1 ! less op5 to pity4 ,! ,c>ibs ( ! ,we/ ,indies 7 fam$ = bo?1 9 contra/ to ! pr(ligate & g5tle inhabitants ( ,cuba & ,hispaniola2 & 9 d\ble contra/ to ! ,r$ ,indian tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 :o comb9$1 f our fir/ acqua9tance ) !m1 ! two vices ( cruelty & pr(ligacy1 to an ext5t :i* has done m to extirpate !m ?an all ! fire-wat] ( ! :ite man4 ,b we mu/ be c>eful h[ we comp>e our =efa!rs ) ^!1 or any o!r savages4 ,^? :o1 l ,gibbon1 h tri$ to draw a p>allel betwe5 ! ,r$ ,indian & ! ,primaeval ,teuton1 h done s at ! exp5se ( facts4 ,fir/1 !y h ov]look$ ! broad fact1 t :ile ! ,r$ ,indians h be51 ev] s9ce we h kn[n !m1 a decreas+ race1 ! ,teutons h be5 a rapidly increas+ "o2 9 spite ( w>1 & fam9e1 & all ! ills ( a prec>i\s =e/ life1 prov+ _! y\?ful /r5g? & vitality by a reproduction unp>allel$1 z f> z ,i "k1 9 hi/ory1 save p]haps by t noble & "y race1 ! ,russian4 ,^! writ]s h n kn[n t ! ,teuton _h 8 def9ite laws1 m simple1 d\btless1 9 ! "t ( ,tacitus ?an 9 t ( ,ju/9ian1 b /ill f\nd$ on ab/ract pr9ciples s deep & broad t !y =m ! gr\ndwork ( our ,engli% laws & con/itution2 t ! ,teuton cre$ conc]n+ ! unse5 _w1 & div9e be+s1 0 ( a l(t9ess & purity z f> above ! silly leg5ds ( ,hiawa?a z ! ,teuton morals 7 above ^? ( a ,si\x or a ,coman*e4 ,let any "o read hone/ acc\nts ( ! ,r$ ,indians2 let him read ,catl91 ,james1 ,lewis & ,cl>ke1 ,%oolbr$2 & fir/ & be/ ( all1 ! old ',travaile 9 ,virg9ia1' publi%$ by ! ,hakluyt ,society3 & !n let him read ! ,g]mania ( ,tacitus1 & judge = himself4 ,= my "p1 ,i believe t if ,gibbon 0 "r1 & if our =efa!rs 9 ! ,g]man =e/s _h be5 l ,p[hattan's p z we f\nd !m 9 ! ,virg9ian =e/s1 ! ,romans w\ld n h be5 long 9 civiliz+ u (f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,no4 ,all ! notes :i* ,tacitus gives u are notes ( a "y & /rong race2 unconsci\s ( its own capabilities1 b possess+ su* capabilities t ! obs]vant ,romans saw at once ) dread & awe t !y 7 face to face ) su* a p z !y _h nev] met be=e2 t 9 _! h&s1 soon] or lat]1 might be ! fate ( ,rome4 ,mad ,c>acalla1 ap+ ! ,teuton dress & hair1 li/5+ 9 dread to ! songs ( ! ,allman ,alrunas1 tell+ ! ,teutons t !y ought to come ov] ! ,rh9e & de/roy ! empire1 & !n1 murd]+ ! int]pret]s1 le/ !y %\ld repeat 8 words1 0 b babbl+ out 9 an insane %ape ! ?\ght :i* 0 brood+ 9 ! mo/ f>-see+ ,roman m9ds4 ,he felt t !y c\ld h done ! de$2 & he felt rightly1 madman z he 04 ,!y c\ld h done x !n1 if physical p[] & c\rage 7 all t 0 ne$$1 9 ! days ( ! ,allman w>4 ,!y c\ld h done x a few ye>s be=e1 :5 ! ,m>km5 f\ght ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us2 on ! day :5 ! ,caes>1 at ! advice ( 8 augurs1 s5t two lions to swim across ! ,danube z a te/ ( victory2 & ! simple ,m>km5 took !m = big dogs1 & kill$ !m ) _! clubs4 ,f t day1 inde$1 ! ,teutons began to conqu] sl[ly1 b surely4 ,?\gh ,anton9us beat ! ,m>km5 on ! ,danube1 & recov]$ #ajj1jjj ,roman prison]s1 yet x 0 only by ! help ( ! ,v&als2 f t day ! empire 0 doom$1 & ! ,teutons only kept at bay by brib+ "o tribe to fight ano!r1 or by enli/+ _! m adv5tur\s spirits into ! ,roman legions1 to fight aga9/ m5 ( _! own blood2--a %ort-sight$ & suicidal policy2 = by t v me?od !y 7 tea*+ ! ,teuton all he ne$$1 ! discipl9e & ! milit>y sci5ce ( ! ,roman4 ,b ! ,teutons might h done x a hundr$ ye>s be=e t1 :5 ,rome 0 9 a dea? agony1 & ,vitellius & ,vespasian 7 /ruggl+ = ! purple1 & ,civilis & ! fair ,vell$a1 l ,b>ak & ,deborah ( old1 rais$ ! ,teuton tribes4 ,!y might h done x be=e t aga91 :5 ,h]mann slew ,v>us & 8 legions 9 ! ,teutoburg] ,wald2 or be=e t aga91 :5 ! ,kemp]s & ,teutons bur/ ov] ! ,alps1 to madd5 !mselves ) ! fatal w9es ( ! ri* s\?4 ,& :y did ! ,teutons n d x8 ,because !y 7 boys fight+ aga9/ cunn+ m54 ,boiori*1 ! "y ,kemp]1 rid+ d[n to ,m>ius' camp1 to bid him fix ! place & "t ( battle--= ! ,teuton ?\ght x mean to use surprises & /ratagems1 or to conqu] save 9 fair & op5 fight--is ! type ( ! ,teuton h]o2 & "o :i* _h no *ance 9 a /ruggle ) ! cool1 false1 politic ,roman1 gr[n grey 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! =um & ( ! camp1 & /ill z physically brave z 8 "y enemy4 ,because1 too1 !re 0 no unity among !m2 no feel+ t !y 7 bre?r5 ( "o blood4 ,_h ! ,teuton tribes1 at any "o ( ! great crises ,i h m5tion$1 & at _m a crisis aft]w>ds1 unit$ = b ?ree ye>s1 "u ! feel+ ( a common blood1 language1 int]e/1 de/9y1 ,rome w\ld h p]i%$4 ,b !y c\ld n le>n t lesson4 ,!y c\ld n put aside _! boyi% qu>rels4 ,!y nev] le>nt ! lesson till aft] _! f9al victory1 :5 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/--( a ,be+ to :om !y all ow$ equal allegiance1 9 ^: sight !y 7 all morally equal--came to unite !m into a ,*ri/5dom4 ,& x 0 well t !y did n le>n x soon]4 ,well = !m & = ! _w1 t !y did n unite on any false gr\nd ( int]e/ or ambition1 b _h to wait = ! true gr\nd ( unity1 ! k ( ! ,god-man1 ,k+ ( all nations ^u e>?4 ,_h !y de/roy$ ,rome soon]1 :at w\ld n !y h lo/8 ,:at w\ld n ! _w h lo/8 ,*ri/ianity w\ld h be5 /ifl$ 9 its v cradle2 & ) ,*ri/ianity all *ance--be sure ( x--( _! own progress4 ,roman law1 ord]1 & discipl9e1 ! v ?+s :i* !y ne$$ to acquire by a contact ( five hundr$ ye>s1 w\ld h be5 swept away4 ,all classic lit]ature & classic art1 :i* !y le>nt to admire ) an almo/ sup]/iti\s awe1 w\ld h p]i%$ likewise4 ,greek philosophy1 ! g]ms ( physical sci5ce1 & all t we owe to ! anci5ts1 w\ld h p]i%$2 & we %\ld h truly _h an invasion ( ! b>b>ians1 foll[$ by truly d>k ages1 9 :i* ,europe w\ld h _h to beg9 all anew1 )\t ! help ( ! g5]ations :i* _h gone be=e4 ,!re=e x 0 well z x 01 & ,god 0 j & m]ciful to !m & to ! human race4 ,!y _h a glori\s de/9y1 & glori\s p[]s :]e) to fulfil x3 b !y _h1 z e man & p has1 be=e :om !re is a noble future1 to be educat$ by suff]+4 ,!re 0 be=e !m a t]rible exp]i5ce ( sorr[ & disappo9tm5t1 s9 & blood1 by :i* !y ga9$ ! fir/ consci\sness ( :at !y c\ld d & :at !y c\ld n4 ,l ,adam ( old1 l e man unto ?is day1 !y ate ( ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil1 & 7 driv5 out ( ! p>adise ( unconsci\sness2 _h to beg9 aga9 sadd] & wis] m51 & eat _! bread 9 ! sweat ( _! br[2 & s to rise1 aft] _! fall1 into a nobl]1 wis]1 m artificial1 & !re=e m truly human & div9e life1 ?an t f :i* !y _h at fir/ fall51 :5 !y left _! ,g]man wilds4 ,"o does n1 ( c\rse1 mean ! p>allel to fit 9 all details4 ,! fall ( ! ,teuton f ! noble simplicity 9 :i* ,tacitus beheld & hon\r$ him1 0 a "w ( f\r c5turies2 p]haps x 0 go+ on 9 ,tacitus' own "t4 ,b ! culm9at+ po9t 0 ! c5tury :i* saw ,italy conqu]$1 & ,rome sack$1 by ,visigo?1 by ,o/rogo?1 by ,v&al1 till no?+ 0 left save fev]-haunt$ ru9s4 ,!n ! ignorant & gre$y *ild1 :o _h be5 grasp+ s long aft] ! fair apples ( ,sodom1 clut*$ !m once & = all1 & f\nd !m turn to a%es 9 8 h&s4 ,yes--x is ?us t ,i wi% y to look at ! ,invasion ( ! ,b>b>ians1 ,immigration ( ! ,teutons1 or :atsoev] "n y may call x4 ,be=e look+ at que/ions ( migration1 ( e?nology1 ( laws1 & ( classes1 look fir/ at ! ?+ itself2 & see ) sacr$ pity--& awe1 "o ( ! sadde/ & gr&e/ trag$ies ev] p]=m$ on e>?4 ,poor s\ls6 ,& !y 7 s simple )al4 ,"o pities !m1 z "o pities a *ild :o /eals apples1 & makes himself sick ) !m aft] all4 ,x is n ! enorm\s loss ( life :i* is to me ! mo/ tragic "p ( ! /ory2 x is t v simplicity ( ! ,teutons4 ,blood%$ is a bad ?+1 c]ta9ly2 b aft] all nature is prodigal ( human life--kill+ h] tw5ty ?\s& & h] fifty ?\s& by a s+le e>?quake2 & z = dea? 9 battle--,i sometimes am tempt$ to ?9k1 hav+ sat by _m dea? b$s1 t our old =efa!rs may h be5 "r1 & t dea? 9 battle may be a n un5viable me?od ( pass+ out ( ?is tr\blesome _w4 ,besides1 we h no "r to blame ^? old ,teutons1 :ile we are kill+ e ye> m ( h] ,maje/y's subjects by prev5tible disease1 ?an ev] !y kill$ 9 _! bloodie/ battle4 ,let u ?9k ( t1 & m5d t1 ere we blame ! old ,g]man h]oes4 ,no1 !re are m pitiful trag$ies ?an any battlefield c %ew2 & fir/ among !m1 surely1 is ! disappo9tm5t ( "y hopes1 ! degradation ( "y s\ls4 ,"o pities !m1 ,i say4 ,& !y piti$ !mselves4 ,remorse1 %ame1 sadness1 m>k ! few leg5ds & songs ( ! days :i* foll[$ ! fall ( ,rome4 ,!y _h done a great "w4 ,!y _h de/roy$ a mighty tyranny2 !y _h p>t$ betwe5 !m ! spoils wrung f all ! nations2 !y _h rid ! e>? ( a mighty man-dev\r+ ogre1 ^: h&s _h be5 /ret*$ out = c5turies ov] all ! e>?1 dragg+ all virg9s to 8 d51 but*]+ & tortur+ ?\s&s = 8 sport2 f\l1 too1 ) crimes = :i* _! language1 l our own 7?ank ,god7 has sc>cely f\nd a "n4 ,babylon ! ,great1 drunk5 ) ! blood ( ! sa9ts1 _h fall5 at la/ be=e ! simple =e/]s ( ! nor?3 b if x looks a triumph to u1 x look$ n su* to !m4 ,!y c\ld only ?9k h[ !y _h /a9$ _! h&s 9 _! bro!rs' blood4 ,!y _h got ! fatal ,nibelung5 ho>d3 b x _h vani%$ betwe5 _! h&s1 & left !m to kill ea* o!r1 till none 0 left4 ,y "k ! ,nibelung5 ,li$8 ,t expresses1 ,i believe1 ! key-note ( ! old ,teuton's he>t1 aft] 8 "w 0 done4 ,siegfri$ murd]$ by 8 bro!r-9-law2 fair ,*riemhild turn$ into an av5g+ fury2 ! h]oes hew+ ea* o!r d[n1 !y sc>ce "k :y1 9 ,hunni% ,etzel's hall1 till ,hag5 & ,gun!r /& alone2 ,dietri* ( ,b]n go+ 91 to b9d ! la/ surviv+ h]oes2 ,*riemhild %ak+ ,hag5's gory head 9 ,gun!r's face1 himself hew$ d[n by ! old ,hildebr&1 till no?+ is left b />k corpses & va9 te>s3--:ile all ! :ile ! ,nibelung5 ho>d1 ! cause ( all ! woe1 lies dr[n$ 9 ! deep ,rh9e until ! judgm5t day4--,:at is all ?is1 b ! true tale ( ! fall ( ,rome1 ( ! mad qu>rels ( ! conqu]+ ,teutons8 ,! names are confus$1 my?ic2 ! dates & places all awry3 b ! tale is true--too true4 ,mutato nom9e fabula n>ratur4 ,ev5 s !y w5t on1 kill+1 till none 7 left4 ,de$s z /range1 horrible1 fratricidal1 7 done1 aga9 & aga91 n only betwe5 ,frank & ,go?1 ,lomb>d & ,gepid1 b betwe5 ,lomb>d & ,lomb>d1 ,frank & ,frank4 ,yes1 !y 7 drunk ) ea* o!r's blood1 ^? eld] bre?r5 ( ours4 ,let u ?ank ,god t we did n %>e _! booty1 & p]i%1 l !m1 f ! t\* ( ! fatal ,nibelung5 ho>d4 ,happy = u ,engli%m51 t we 7 =c$ to seek our adv5tures "h1 9 ?is lonely isle2 to turn aside f ! great /ream ( ,teutonic immigration2 & settle "h1 ea* man on 8 =e/-cle>+1 to till ! gr\nd 9 comp>ative peace1 keep+ unbrok5 ! old ,teutonic laws1 un/a9$ ! old ,teutonic fai? & virtue1 curs$ nei!r ) pov]ty nor ri*es1 b f$ ) food suffici5t = u4 ,to u1 inde$1 aft] long c5turies1 peace br\ght slo?1 & slo? =eign invad]s & bitt] woes3 b bett] s1 ?an t we %\ld h ca/ away alike our virtue & our lives1 9 t mad qu>rel ov] ! fairy gold ( ,rome4 ,,lecture ,,ii--,,! ,,dy+ ,,empire4 ,x is n = me to trace ! rise1 or ev5 ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,t w\ld be ! duty r ( a pr(essor ( anci5t hi/ory1 ?an ( mod]n4 ,all ,i ne$ d is to sket*1 z %ortly z ,i c1 ! /ate 9 :i* ! "y _w f\nd ! old1 :5 x came 9 contact ) x4 ,! ,roman ,empire1 t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 0 9 mu* ! same condition z ! ,*9ese or ! ,turki% ,empire 9 our own days4 ,private morality 7z ,juv5al & ,p]sius w tell y71 _h vani%$ long be=e4 ,public morality _h1 ( c\rse1 vani%$ likewise4 ,! only p[]s really recognis$ 7 =ce & cunn+4 ,! only aim 0 p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,! only ,god 0 ! ,divus ,caes>1 ! imp]ial demigod1 ^: illimitable brute =ce gave him illimitable p[]s ( self-enjoym5t1 & made him ?us ! p>agon & ideal ( humanity1 :om all envi$1 flatt]$1 hat$1 & obey$4 ,! palace 0 a s9k ( corruption1 :]e eunu*s1 concub9es1 spies1 in=m]s1 fre$m51 adv5tur]s1 /ruggl$ 9 ! base/ plots1 ea* = 8 %>e ( ! public plund]4 ,! s5ate only exi/$ to regi/] ! edicts ( _! tyrant1 & if ne$ be1 de/roy ea* o!r1 or any "o else1 by judicial murd]s1 ! will+ tools ( imp]ial cruelty4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 adm9i/]$ 7at lea/ s9ce ! "t ( ,diocletian7 by an (ficial bureaucracy1 ( :i* ,pr(essor ,goldw9 ,smi? well says1 '! e>? sw>m$ ) ! consum+ hi]>*y ( extortion1 s t x 0 said t !y :o receiv$ taxes 7 m ?an ^? :o paid !m4' ,! free middle class _h disappe>$1 or l+]$ 9 ! cities1 too pr\d to lab\r1 f$ on gov]nm5t b\nty1 & amus$ by gov]nm5t spectacles4 ,) !m1 arts & sci5ce _h di$ likewise4 ,su* ?+s 7 left to slaves1 & became !re=e1 lit]ally1 s]vile imitations ( ! pa/4 ,:at1 inde$1 0 n left to slaves8 ,drawn )\t respect ( rank1 z well z ( sex & age1 f e nation "u heav5 by an organiz$ slave-trade1 to :i* our late ,african "o 0 b a t9y /reamlet comp>$ ) a mighty riv]2 a slave-trade :i* once b\ght #aj1jjj human be+s 9 ,delos 9 a s+le day2 ! 's]vorum nationes' 7 ! only till]s ( ! soil1 ( ^? 'latifundia' or great e/ates1 'quae p]did]e ,romam4' ,d5i$ ! rights ( m>riage1 ! v "n ( humanity2 protect$ by no law1 save ! int]e/ or caprice ( _! ma/]s2 subject$1 = slight (f5ces1 to cruel torm5ts1 !y 7 but*]$ by ?\s&s 9 ! amphi!atres to make a ,roman holiday1 or wore out _! lives 9 'erga/ula' or b>racks1 :i* 7 d5s ( d>kness & horror4 ,_! own]s1 z 's5atores1' 'cl>issimi1' or at lea/ 'curiales1' sp5t _! lives 9 ! cities1 luxuri\s & effem9ate1 & left _! slaves to ! t5d] m]cy ( 'villici1' /ew>ds & gang-driv]s1 :o 7 !mselves slaves likewise4 ,m pamp]$1 yet m degrad$1 7 ! cr[ds ( wret*$ be+s1 cut (f f all ! hopes ( humanity1 :o m9i/]$ to ! wick$ pleasures ( _! ma/]s1 ev5 9 ! palaces ( nom9ally ,*ri/ian emp]ors--b ov] t side ( ,roman slav]y ,i mu/ draw a veil1 only say+1 t ! atrocities ( ! ,romans t[>d _! slaves--especially ( ?is la/ & d>ke/ k9d--notably drew d[n on !m ! j wra? & rev5ge ( ^? ,teutonic nations1 f :i* s _m ( _! slaves 7 tak54 #ai ,& yet !y call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians--to :om x _h be5 said1 ',be n deceiv$1 ,god is n mock$4 ,= ^! ?+s come? ! wra? ( ,god on ! *ildr5 ( disob$i5ce4' ,& ! wra? did come4 ,if su* 7 ! morals ( ! ,empire1 :at 0 its political /ate8 ,"o ( complete disorganization4 ,! only unit+ bond left seems to h be5 t ( ! bureaucracy1 ! community ( tax-ga!r]s1 :o f\nd x on ! :ole saf] & m pr(itable to pay into ! imp]ial treasury a portion ( _! plund]1 ?an to keep x all !mselves4 ,x /ood by m]e vi in]tiae1 j because x happ5$ to be !re1 & !re 0 no?+ else to put 9 its place4 ,l an old tree ^: e root is decay$1 x did n fall1 simply because ! /orm _h n yet come4 ,/orms1 inde$1 _h come2 b !y _h be5 p>tial & local4 ,"o _c look into ! pages ( ,gibbon1 )\t see+ t ! normal condition ( ! empire 0 "o ( revolt1 civil w>1 invasion--,pret5d]s1 l ,c>ausius & ,allectus 9 ,brita91 sett+ !mselves up z emp]ors = a:ile--,b&s ( brig&s1 l ! ,bagaudae ( ,gaul1 & ! ,circumcelliones ( ,africa1 w&]+ ab\t1 desp]ate ) hung] & rev5ge1 to slay & pillage--,teutonic tribes mak+ =ays on ! fronti]1 enli/$ into ! ,roman armies1 & b\ght (f1 or hir$ to keep back ! tribes beh9d !m1 & p]i% by _! bre?r5's swords4 ,:at kept ! empire /&+1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 0 its own innate weakness4 ,f )91 at lea/1 x c\ld n be ov]?r[n4 ,! masses 7 too cru%$ to rise4 ,)\t unity1 purpose1 c\rage1 !y submitt$ to inevitable mis]y z to ra9 & ?und]4 ,at mo/ !y de/roy$ _! own *ildr5 f pov]ty1 or1 z 9 ,egypt1 fl$ by ?\s&s into ! caves & qu>ries1 & turn$ monks & h]mits2 :ile ! upp] classes1 equally )\t unity or purpose1 said ea* to himself1 ',let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die4' ,! /ate ( ?+s at ,rome1 & aft] ! rise ( ,byzantium "u ,con/ant9e at ,byzantium likewise1 0 "o altoge!r fanta/ic1 abnormal1 utt]ly unlike any?+ t we h se51 or c imag9e to ourselves )\t great ef=t4 ,i "k no bett] me?od ( illu/rat+ x1 ?an quot+1 f ,mr4 ,%epp>d's excell5t book1 ,! ,fall ( ,rome & ! ,rise ( ,new ,nationalities1 a passage 9 :i* he transf]s ! :ole comi-trag$y f ,italy ( old to ,engl& 9 #ahfa4 ',i h n ?\ght x necess>y to give a sep>ate & di/9ct reply to ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,congreve1 t ,roman ,imp]ialism 0 ! type ( all good gov]nm5t1 & a desirable prec$5t = ourselves4 ,^? :o feel any p5*ant = ! notion1 ,i %\ld /rongly recomm5d to read ! answ] ( ,pr(essor ,g4 ,smi?1 9 ! ,ox=d ,essays = #ahef1 :i* is z complete & cru%+ z t g5tleman's p]=mances usually are4 ,b 9 ord] to convey to ! un9itiat$ "s idea ( ! /ate ( society "u ,caes>ian rule1 & :i* a ,caes>ian rule1 s f> z m]e gov]nm5t is conc]n$1 if x does n produce1 has nev] %ewn any t5d5cy to prev5t1 let u give re9s to imag9ation = a mom5t1 & picture to ourselves a few social & political analogies 9 our own ,engl& ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ',an entire revolution has tak5 place 9 our pr9ciples1 mann]s1 & =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,p>liam5ts1 meet+s1 & all ! ord9>y expressions ( ! national w1 are no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,a free press has %>$ _! fate4 ,!re is no accr$it$ organ ( public op9ion2 inde$ !re is no public op9ion to record4 ,lords & ,commons h be5 swept away1 ?\gh a numb] ( ! ri*e/ old g5tlem5 9 ,london meet daily at ,we/m9/] to receive ord]s f ,buck+ham ,palace4 ,b at ! palace itself has brok5 out "o ( ^? sangu9>y conspiracies :i* h ( late become unceas+4 ,! la/ heir ( ! h\se ( ,brunswick is ly+ dead ) a dagg] 9 8 he>t1 & ev]y?+ is 9 frightful confusion4 ,! arm$ =ce ( ! capital are ( c\rse ma/]s ( ! situation1 & ! ,gu>ds1 aft] a tumultu\s meet+ at ,w9dsor or ,knightsbridge1 h sold ! ?rone to ,b>on ,ro?s*ild1 = a h&some donation ( #be p\nds a-piece4 ,"l ,clyde1 h[ev]1 we may be sure1 is n likely to /& ?is1 & 9 a few mon?s w be m>*+ ^u ,london at ! head ( ! ,indian ,army4 ,9 ! mean "t ! ,*annel ,fleet has decl>$ = its own comm&]1 has seiz$ ^u ,plym\? & ,portsm\?1 & int5ds to />ve ! metropolis by /opp+ ! imports ( bread-/uffs at ! m\? ( ! ,?ames4 ,& ?is has become q possible2 = half ! population ( ,london1 "u ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 subsi/ ^u free di/ributions ( corn disp5s$ by ! occupant ( ! ?rone = ! "t be+4 ,b a m fatal *ange ?an ev5 ?is has come ov] ! population ( ! capital & ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! free citiz5s & 'pr5tices ( ,london2 ! /urdy lab\r]s ( ,dorset%ire & ! ea/]n c\nties2 & ! skilful artizans ( ,man*e/]1 ,%effield & ,birm+ham2 ! m>9]s & %ipwrights ( ,liv]pool1 h be5 long ago draft$ into m>*+ regim5ts1 & h left _! bones to blea* b5ea? ,indian suns & ,pol> sn[s4 ,_! place has be5 suppli$ by c\ntless h]ds ( negro slaves1 :o till ! fields & cr[d ! work%ops ( our t[ns1 to ! entire exclusion ( free lab\r2 = ! free population1 or r ! mis]able relics ( !m1 disda9 all manual employm5t3 !y divide _! "t betwe5 />vation & a degrad+ debau*]y1 ! means = :i* are s$ul\sly provid$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,! "t-hon\r$ in/itutions ( ! bull-bait1 ! cockpit1 & ! r+1 are 9 daily op]ation1 "u ! mo/ di/+ui%$ patronage4 ,hyde ,p>k has be5 conv]t$ into a gigantic ar5a1 :]e crim9als f ,newgate set-to ) ! animals f ! ,zoological ,g>d5s4 ,e =tnight !re is a ,d]by ,day1 & ! :ole population p\r into ! ,d[ns ) frantic excitem5t1 leav+ ! city to ! slaves4 ,& !n ! moral condition ( ?is imm5se mass6 ,( ! do+s ab\t ! palace we %\ld be sorry to speak4 ,b ! lady patronesses ( ,almack's /ill m assidu\sly patronize ! prize-fights1 & "o ( !m has be5 se5 )9 ! ropes1 9 battle array1 by ! side ( ,say]s himself4 ,no tongue may tell ! orgies enact$1 ) ! aid ( ,fr5* cooks1 ,italian s+]s1 & =eign arti/s ( all sorts1 9 ! gild$ saloons ( ,p>k ,lane & ,mayfair4 ,suffice to say1 t 9 !m ! wor/ passions ( human nature h full sw+1 unmodifi$ by any ?\ght ( human or div9e re/ra9ts1 & only da%$ a little n[ & !n by ! appreh5sion t ! slaves may rise1 & make a clean sweep ( ! metropolis ) fire & /eel4 ,b n'importe--,vive la bagatelle6 ,m>io has j be5 appo9t$ prime m9i/]1 & has made a *orus s+] f ! ,op]a ,duke ( ,middlesex & ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,india4 ,all wise m5 & all good m5 despair ( ! /ate1 b !y are n p]mitt$ to say any?+1 mu* less to act4 ,mr4 ,disraeli lo/ 8 head a few days ago2 ,lords ,palm]/on & ,d]by lie 9 ! ,t[] "u s5t5ce ( dea?2 ,"l ,br\gham1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 & ,mr4 ,glad/one1 op5$ _! ve9s & di$ 9 a w>m ba? la/ week4 ,=eign relations w make a /ill great] dem& on ! read]'s imag9ation4 ,we mu/ conceive ( ,engl& no long] z ,a preci\s /one set 9 ! silv] sea1 ,:i* s]ves x 9 ! (fice ( a wall1 ,or z a moat def5sive ( a h\se4 b r z op5 to ! inroad ( e foe :om h] aggressive & coloniz+ g5ius has provok$4 ,! r$ man ( ! ,we/1 ! ,caffre1 ! ,sikh1 & ! ,sepoy1 ,*9ese braves1 & fi]ce ori5tals ( all sorts1 are hov]+ on h] fronti]s 9 numb]s numb]less1 z ! flakes ( sn[ 9 ! nor!rn w9t]4 ,!y are n ! impot5t enemy :i* we "k1 b vigor\s races1 suppli$ f inexhau/ible f\nts ( population1 & animat$ by an insatiate appetite = ! gold & silv]1 purple & f9e l951 ri* meats & intoxicat+ dr9ks ( our effete civilization4 ,& we c no long] oppose !m ) ^? victori\s legions :i* h f\ght & conqu]$ 9 all regions ( ! _w4 ,! m5 ( ,wat]loo & ,ink]mann are no m4 ,we are compell$ to recruit our armies f ^? v tribes be=e ^: swords we are rec$+6 ',d\btless ! ord9>y read] w believe ?is picture to be ov]*>g$1 drawn ) manife/ exagg]ation1 & some:at que/ionable ta/e4 ,e s+le /atem5t :i* x conta9s may be p>allel$ by ! circum/ances & ev5ts ( ! decad5ce ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,! analog\s situation 0 ) ! subjects ( ?is type ( all good gov]nm5t1 always a possible1 (t5 an actual1 /ate ( ?+s4 ,we ?9k ?is disposes ( ! !ory ( ,mr4 ,congreve4 ,) x may advantage\sly be contra/$ ! op9ion ( a man ( m /atesman-l m9d4 ,! b5efits ( despotism are %ort-liv$2 x poisons ! v spr+s :i* x lays op52 if x display a m]it1 x is an exceptional "o2 if a virtue1 x is creat$ ( circum/ances2 & :5 once ?is bett] h\r has pass$ away1 all ! vices ( its nature break =? ) r$\bl$ viol5ce1 & weigh d[n society 9 e direction4 ,s writes ,m4 ,guizot4 ,is x ! language ( prophecy z well z ( p]sonal exp]i5ce8' ,mr4 ,%epp>d %\ld h add$1 to make ! picture complete1 t ! ,iri% h j e/abli%$ pop]y across ,/4 ,george's ,*annel1 by ! aid ( re-immigrants f ,am]ica2 t ,free ,kirk & ,national ,kirk are c>ry+ on a sangu9>y civil w> 9 ,scotl&2 t ! ,devon%ire ,wesleyans h j sack$ ,exet] ca!dral1 & murd]$ ! ,bi%op at ! alt>1 :ile ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 support$ by ! ,jews & ! ri* *ur*m5 7:o are all mix$ up 9 f9ancial op]ations ) ,b>on ,ro?s*ild7 has j comm&$ all ,diss5t]s to leave ! metropolis )9 ?ree days1 "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,i mu/ add yet "o m feature to ?is fe>ful1 b accurate picture1 & say h[1 a few g5]ations =w>d1 an ev5 ugli] ?+ w\ld be se54 ,! ,engli% ari/ocracy w\ld h be5 absorb$ by =eign adv5tur]s4 ,! gr&*ildr5 ( ^! slaves & m]c5>ies w\ld be hold+ ! highe/ (fices 9 ! /ate & ! army1 nam+ !mselves aft] ! ma/]s :o _h fre$ !m1 or disguis+ _! b>b>ian names by ,engli% end+s4 ,! ,de ,fung-,*[villes w\ld be ,dukes1 ! ,little- grizzly-be>-,joe-,smi?s ,e>ls1 & ! ,fitz-,/anleysons1 desc5d$ f a k+ ( ! gipsies :o enli/$ to avoid transportation1 & 9 due "t became ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 w\ld rule at ,kn[sley 9 place ( ! ,e>l ( ,d]by1 hav+ inh]it$ ! same by ! summ>y process ( assass9ation4 ,begg>s on horseback1 only too lit]ally2 m>ri$1 mo/ ( !m1 to ,engli%wom5 ( ! highe/ rank2 b look+ on ,engl& m]ely z a prey2 )\t patriotism1 )\t pr9ciple2 !y w\ld de/roy ! old ari/ocracy by legal murd]s1 gr9d ! p1 fight aga9/ _! yet b>b>ian c\s9s outside1 z long z !y 7 9 luck3 b ! mom5t ! luck turn$ aga9/ !m1 w\ld call 9 ^? b>b>ian c\s9s to help !m1 & invade ,engl& e t5 ye>s ) hea!n hordes1 arm$ no m ) tulw> & mat*lock1 b ) ,enfield rifle & ,:itwor? cannon4 ,& t1 x mu/ be agre$1 w\ld be ab\t ! la/ phase ( ! ,briti% empire4 ,if y w look ?r\gh ! names :i* figure 9 ! high places ( ! ,roman empire1 dur+ ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 y w see h[ few ( !m are really ,roman4 ,if y w try to inve/igate1 n _! g5ealogies--= !y h none--n a gr&fa!r among !m--b ! few facts ( _! lives :i* h come d[n to u2 y w see h[ t ,nemesis _h fall5 on h] :i* mu/ at la/ fall on e nation :i* attempts to e/abli% itself on slav]y z a legal basis4 ,rome _h become ! slave ( h] own slaves4 ,x is at ?is la/ p]iod1 ! po9t :5 ,rome has become ! slave ( h] own slaves1 t ,i take up ! /ory ( our ,teutonic race4 ,i d n ?9k t anyone w call ei!r ,mr4 ,%epp>d's /atem5ts1 or m9e1 exagg]at$1 :o kn[s ! bitt] compla9ts ( ! wick$ness & folly ( ! "t1 :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,emp]or ,julian4 ,p$ant & apo/ate z he 01 he devot$ 8 %ort life to "o great idea1 ! re/oration ( ! ,roman ,empire to :at x _h be5 7z he fanci$7 9 ! days ( ! virtu\s /oic ,emp]ors ( ! second c5tury4 ,he f\nd 8 dream a dream1 ow+ to ! dead heap ( frivolity1 s5suality1 brutality1 utt] unbelief1 n m]ely 9 ! dead ,pagan gods :om he va9ly tri$ to re/ore1 b 9 any god at all1 z a liv+1 rul+1 judg+1 rew>d+1 puni%+ p[]4 ,no "o1 aga91 w call ^! /atem5ts exagg]at$ :o kn[s ! ,roman hi/ory ( 8 fai?ful s]vant & soldi]1 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 & especially ! lat] books ( x1 9 :i* he sets =? ! /ate ( ! ,empire aft] ,julian's dea?1 "u ,jovian1 ,procopius1 ,val5t9ian1 7:o kept close to 8 b$-*amb] two %e-be>s :o us$ to eat m51 "o call$ ,gold5 ,camel1 & ! o!r ,innoc5ce--:i* latt]1 :5 %e _h dev\r$ a suffici5cy ( 8 liv+ victims1 he set free 9 ! =e/s z a rew>d = h] s]vices--a brutal tyrant1 ^: only virtue seems to h be5 8 *a/ity72 & ,val5s1 ! %ameless extortion] :o p]i%$ 9 t great battle ( ,adrianople1 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 ,! la/ five rema9+ books ( ! hone/ soldi]'s /ory are a tissue ( horrors1 f read+ :i* "o turns away z f a slaught]-h\se or a wit*es' sabba?4 ,no "o1 aga91 w ?9k ^! /atem5ts exagg]at$ :o kn[s ,salvian's ,de ,gub]natione ,dei4 ,x has be5 always & mo/ ju/ly held 9 high e/eem1 z "o great au?ority ( ! /ate ( ,gaul :5 conqu]$ by ! ,franks & ,go?s & ,v&als4 ,salvian 0 a ,*ri/ian g5tleman1 born some:]e ne> ,treves4 ,he m>ri$ a ,pagan lady ( ,cologne1 conv]t$ h]1 _h by h] a daught]1 & !n p]suad$ h] to devote h]self to celibacy1 :ile he did ! l4 ,8 fa!r-9-law1 ,hypatius1 qu>rell$ ) him on ?is acc\nt2 & ! lett] 9 :i* he tries to soo! ! old man is /ill extant1 a curi\s specim5 ( ! /yle ( cultivat$ m5 9 t day4 ,salvian !n w5t d[n to ! s\? ( ,france & became a prie/ at ,m>seilles1 & tutor to ! sons ( ,eu*]ius1 ! ,bi%op ( ,lyons4 ,eu*]ius1 himself a good man1 speaks 9 t]ms ( passionate admiration ( ,salvian1 8 goodness1 sanctity1 le>n+1 tal5ts4 ,g5nadius 7:o describes him z /ill liv+ :5 he wrote1 ab\t #dij7 calls him among o!r encomiums1 ! ,ma/] ( ,bi%ops2 & bo? m5tion famili>ly ?is v "w1 by :i* he became notori\s 9 8 own day1 & :i* he wrote ab\t #dej or #dee1 dur+ ! invasion ( ! ,britons4 ,s t we may tru/ fully t we h hold ( an au!ntic contemporane\s "w1 writt5 by a good man & true4 ,let me fir/ say a few words on ! fact ( 8 hav+--z _m good m5 did !n--sep>at$ f 8 wife 9 ord] to lead :at 0 call$ a religi\s life4 ,x has a direct be>+ on ! ,hi/ory ( ^? days4 ,"o mu/ n praise him because he 79 common ) all ,*ri/ians ( 8 day7 held1 no d\bt1 ! belief t m>riage 0 a degradation 9 itself2 t ?\gh ! ,*ur* might m5d x some:at by exalt+ x into a sacram5t1 /ill1 ! less ( a bad ?+ ! bett]3--a doctr9e aga9/ :i* "o ne$ n use 7?ank ,god7 9 ,engl&1 ! same language :i* ,mi*elet has mo/ ju/ly us$ 9 ,france4 ,we1 be+ safe f ! poison1 c af=d to talk ( x calmly4 ,b ,i boldly ass]t1 t few m practically immoral doctr9es ?an t ( ! dignity ( celibacy & ! defilem5t ( m>riage 7:i* 0 ! doctr9e ( all ,*ri/ian devotees = #ajjj ye>s7 h1 z f> z ,i "k1 ev] be5 prea*$ to man4 ,t is a /rong /atem5t4 ,x w be answ]$ p]haps1 by ! pat5t fact1 t dur+ ^? v #ajjj ye>s ! morality ( ,europe improv$ m1 & m rapidly1 ?an x _h ev] done be=e4 ,i "k x2 & ,i ?ank ,god = x4 ,b ,i adh]e to my /atem5t1 & rejo9--,& h[ mu* m rapidly h ! morals ( ,europe improv$1 s9ce t doctr9e has be5 swept away2 & woman1 & ! love ( woman1 h be5 re/or$ to _! rightful place 9 ! education ( man8 ,b if we d n praise ,salvian1 we mu/ n blame him1 or any "o else :o meant to be an hone/ & good man4 ,su* did n see to :at _! celibate notions w\ld lead4 ,if !y _h1 we mu/ believe t !y w\ld h act$ diff]5tly4 ,& :at is m1 _! pref]5ce = celibacy 0 n fancy1 b common s5se ( a v l(ty k9d4 ,be sure t :5 two middle-ag$ ,*ri/ian p consid] x be/ to "p1 !y h v good reasons = su* a solemn /ep1 at :i* only boys or cynics w laugh4 ,& ! reasons1 9 ,salvian's case1 & _m m 9 8 day1 are pat5t to common human und]/&+4 ,d n fancy t he _h any private reason1 su* z we %\ld v fairly assign n[3 public reasons1 & ^?1 su* z ,god grant no liv+ man may see1 caus$ wise m5 to ?ank ,god t !y 7 n burd5$ ) wife & *ild4 ,rememb] ! ye>s 9 :i* ,salvian liv$--f #daf p]haps to #dij4 ,x 0 a day ( ! ,"l su* z ,joel saw2 'a day ( cl\ds & ( ?ick d>kness1 z ! morn+ spread ^u ! m\nta9s2 a great p & /rong2 !re _h n be5 ev] ! l1 nei!r %\ld be any m aft] x3 ! l& 0 a g>d5 ( ,ed5 be=e !m1 & beh9d !m a desolate wild]ness3 ,yea1 & no?+ %\ld escape !m4' ,all ?+s 7 go+ to wrack2 ! c\ntry 0 ov]run by =eign invad]s2 bankruptcy1 deva/ation1 massacre1 & captivity 7 = p]haps #ajj ye>s ! normal /ate ( ,gaul1 & ( mo/ o!r c\ntries besides4 ,i h little d\bt t ,salvian 0 a prud5t man1 :5 he ?\ght fit to br+ no m human be+s into ! _w4 ,t is an ugly ?\ght--,i tru/ t y feel h[ ugly1 unnatural1 desp]ate a ?\ght x is4 ,if y d n1 ?9k ov] x till y d1 till x fright5s y4 ,y w ga9 a great /ep !reby 9 human sympa?y1 & !re=e 9 ! und]/&+ ( hi/ory4 ,= _m times1 & 9 _m places1 m5 h said1 rightly or wrongly1 ',x is bett] to leave none beh9d me l myself4 ,! mis]ies ( life 7& ( :at comes aft] ?is life7 are great] ?an its joys4 ,i commit an act ( cruelty by br++ a fre% human be+ into ! _w4' ,i wi% y to look at t ?\ght /eadily1 & apply x = y\rselves4 ,x has _m applications3 & has !re=e be5 a v common "o4 ,b put to y\rselves--x is too pa9ful = me to put to y--! case ( a m>ri$ g5tleman :o sees 8 c\ntry gradually deva/at$ & br\ght to utt] ru9 by =eign invad]s2 & :o feels--z poor ,salvian felt1 t !re is no hope or escape2 t ! mis]y is m]it$1 des]v$1 fairly e>n$ 7= t is ! true mean+ ( ^? words71 & !re=e mu/ come4 ,conceive him see+ ar\nd him e/ates de/roy$1 f>ms burnt1 ladies & g5tlem51 8 own fri5ds & relations1 r$uc$ 9 an h\r to begg>y1 plund]$1 /ript1 driv5 (f 9 gangs--,i d n *oose to f9i% ! picture3 b ask y\rselves1 w\ld an hon\rable man wi% to br+ sons--mu* m daught]s--into ! _w to endure t8 ,put y\rselves 9 ,salvian's place4 ,=get = a few m9utes t y are ,engli%m51 ! free/ & brave/ nation ^u e>?1 /rong 9 all t gives real /r5g?1 & ) a volunte] army :i* is n[ =midable by numb]s & c\rage--:i*1 did ! t]rible call come1 might be increas$ t5 times 9 z _m mon?s4 ,=get all t a:ile2 & put y\rselves 9 ,salvian's place1 ! g5tleman ( ,gaul1 :ile ,franks & ,go?s1 ,burgunds & ,v&als 7 sweep+1 wave aft] wave1 ov] t lovely l&2 & judge him rationally1 & talk z little z possible ( 8 sup]/ition1 & z mu* z possible ( 8 human feel+1 prud5ce1 self-control1 & common s5se4 ,believe me1 nei!r celibacy1 nor any o!r seem+ly unnatural sup]/ition w\ld h held its gr\nd = a g5]ation if !re _h n be5 "s practical consid]ations ( common s5se to back !m4 ,we wond] :y m5 9 old times w5t into mona/]ies4 ,! simple/ answ] is1 common s5se s5t !m ?i!r4 ,!y 7 tir$ ( be+ ! slaves ( _! own passions2 !y 7 tir$ ( kill+1 & ( runn+ ! *ance ( be+ kill$4 ,!y saw society1 ! :ole _w1 go+ to wrack1 z !y ?\ght1 ar\nd !m3 :at c\ld !y d bett]1 ?an see t _! own *>act]s1 morals1 immortal s\ls did n g to wrack ) ! re/4 ,we wond] :y wom51 especially wom5 ( rank1 w5t into conv5ts2 :y1 z soon z a community ( monks 0 f\nd$1 a community ( nuns sprung up ne> !m4 ,! simple/ answ] is1 common s5se s5t !m ?i!r4 ,! m51 especially ( ! upp] fight+ classes1 7 kill$ (f rapidly2 ! wom5 7 n kill$ (f1 & a l>ge numb] always rema9$1 :o1 if !y _h wi%$ to m>ry1 c\ld n4 ,:at bett] = !m ?an to seek 9 conv5ts t peace :i* ?is _w c\ld n give8 ,!y may h mix$ up ) t simple wi% = peace ! notion ( be+ h&maids ( ,god1 brides ( ,*ri/1 & s =?4 ,be x s4 ,let u in/ead ( compla9+1 ?ank heav5 t !re 0 "s motive1 :e!r q "r or n1 to keep alive 9 !m self-respect1 & ! feel+ t !y 7 n altoge!r useless & aimless on e>?4 ,look at ! "q 9 ?is light1 & y w und]/& two ?+s2 fir/1 h[ horrible ! times 71 & secondly1 :y !re grew up 9 ! e>ly middle age a passion = celibacy4 ,salvian1 9 a ^w1 _h already gr[n up to manhood & reason1 :5 he saw a "t come to 8 native c\ntry1 9 :i* 7 fulfill$1 ) fe>ful exactness1 ! words ( ! prophet ,isaiah3-- ',behold1 ! ,"l make? ! l& empty1 & make? x wa/e1 & turne? x upside d[n1 & scatt]e? abroad ! inhabitants !re(4 ,& x %all be1 z ) ! p1 s ) ! prie/2 z ) ! slave1 s ) 8 ma/]2 z ) ! maid1 s ) h] mi/ress2 z ) ! sell]1 s ) ! buy]2 z ) ! l5d]1 s ) ! borr[]2 z ) ! tak] ( usury1 s ) ! giv] ( usury to him4 ,! l& %all be utt]ly empti$1 & utt]ly spoil$2 = ! ,"l ha? spok5 ?is ^w4' ,& ,salvian desir$ to "k ! reason :y ! ,"l _h spok5 t ^w1 & read 8 ,bible till he f\nd out1 & wrote !reon 8 book ,de ,gub]natione ,dei1 ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,god2 & a v noble book x is4 ,he takes 8 /& on ! gr\nd ( ,scripture1 ) :i* he %ews an admirable acqua9tance4 ,! few good 7 expect+ ! end ( ! _w4 ,*ri/ 0 com+ to put an end to all ^! horrors3 b :y did he delay 8 com+8 ,! _m weak 7 cry+ t ,god _h giv5 up ! _w2 t ,*ri/ _h des]t$ 8 ,*ur*1 & deliv]$ ov] ,*ri/ians to ! cruelties ( hea!n & ,arian b>b>ians4 ,! _m bad 7 op5ly blasphem+1 ?r[+ (f 9 despair all fai?1 all bonds ( religion1 all common dec5cy1 & cry+1 ,let u eat & dr9k1 = to- morr[ we die4 ,salvian answ]s !m l an old ,hebrew prophet3 ',! ,"l's arm is n %ort5$4 ,! ,"l's eyes are n clos$4 ,! ,"l is /ill z ne> z ev]4 ,he is gov]n+ ! _w z ,he has always gov]n$ x3 by ! ev]la/+ moral laws1 by :i* ! wages ( s9 are dea?4 ,y\r iniquities h )held good ?+s f y4 ,y h e>n$ exactly :at ,god has paid y4 ,y\rselves are y\r own puni%m5t4 ,y h be5 wick$ m51 & !re=e weak m52 y\r own vices1 & n ! ,go?s1 h be5 y\r true conqu]ors4' ,z ,i said 9 my inaugural lecture--t is aft] all ! true !ory ( hi/ory4 ,m5 may =get x 9 pip+ times ( peace4 ,god grant t 9 ! d>k h\r ( adv]sity1 ,god may always raise up to !m a prophet1 l good old ,salvian1 to prea* to !m once aga9 ! ev]la/+ judgm5ts ( ,god2 & tea* !m t n faulty con/itutions1 faulty laws1 faulty circum/ances ( any k9d1 b ! faults ( _! own he>ts & lives1 are ! causes ( _! mis]y4 ,m4 ,guizot1 9 8 elaborate "w on ! ,hi/ory ( ,civilization 9 ,france1 has a few curi\s pages1 on ! causes ( ! decl9e ( civil society 9 ,roman ,gaul1 & its consequ5t weakness & ru94 ,he tells y h[ ! ,s5ators or ,cl>issimi did n con/itute a true ari/ocracy1 able to lead & protect ! p1 be+ at ! m]cy ( ! ,emp]or1 & nom9at$ & remov$ at 8 pleasure4 ,h[ ! ,curiales1 or weal?y middle class1 :o 7 b\nd by law to fulfil all ! municipal (fices1 & 7 responsible = ! collection ( ! rev5ue1 f\nd _! responsibilities s great1 t !y by e trick 9 _! p[]1 avoid$ (fice4 ,h[1 z ,m4 ,guizot well puts x1 ! c5tral despotism ( ,rome /ript ! ,curiales ( all !y e>n$1 to pay its own function>ies & soldi]s2 & gave !m ! p[] ( appo9t+ magi/rates1 :o 7 only aft] all ! imp]ial ag5ts ( t despotism1 = ^: sake !y robb$ _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,h[ ! plebs1 compris+ ! small tradesm5 & free artizans1 7 utt]ly unable to ass]t _! own op9ions or rights4 ,h[ ! slave population1 ?\gh _! condition 0 mu* improv$1 con/itut$ a m]e dead weight ( helpless brutality4 ,& !n he says1 t ! ,roman ,empire 0 dy+4 ,v true3 b (t5 z he quotes ,salvian1 he omits always to tell u :at ,roman society 0 dy+ (4 ,salvian says1 t x 0 dy+ ( vice4 ,n ( bad laws & class arrangem5ts1 b ( bad m54 ,m4 ,guizot belongs to a s*ool :i* is apt to impute human happ9ess & prosp]ity too exclusively to ! political con/itution "u :i* !y may happ5 to live1 irrespectively ( ! morality ( ! p !mselves4 ,f t1 ! con/itutionali/ s*ool1 !re has be5 ( late a /rong reaction1 ! highe/ expon5t1 nay ! v coryphaeus ( :i* is ,mr4 ,c>lyle4 ,he und]values1 ev5 despises1 ! influ5ce ( laws & con/itutions3 ) him private virtue1 f :i* spr+s public virtue1 is ! fir/ & sole cause ( national prosp]ity4 ,my inaugural lecture has told y h[ deeply ,i sympa?ize ) 8 view--tak+ my /&1 z ,mr4 ,c>lyle does1 on ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,!re is1 nev]!less1 a side ( tru? 9 ! con/itutionali/ view1 :i* ,mr4 ,c>lyle1 ,i ?9k1 ov]looks4 ,a bad political con/itution does produce pov]ty & weakness3 b only 9 z f> z x t5ds to produce moral evil2 to make m5 bad4 ,t x c help to d4 ,x c put a premium on vice1 on falsehood1 on peculation1 on laz9ess1 on ignorance2 & ?us tempt ! mass to moral degradation1 f ! premi] to ! slave4 ,russia has be51 = two c5turies n[ b too pat5t a pro( ( ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,b ev5 9 ?is case1 ! moral elem5t is ! mo/ important1 & j ! "o :i* is ov]look$4 ,to h good laws1 ,m4 ,guizot is apt to =get1 y mu/ fir/ h good m5 to make !m2 & second1 y mu/ h good m5 to c>ry !m out1 aft] !y are made4 ,bad m5 c abuse ! be/ ( laws1 ! be/ ( con/itutions4 ,look at ! work+ ( our p>liam5ts dur+ ! reigns ( ,william ,,iii & ,anne1 & see h[ p[]less good con/itutions are1 :5 ! m5 :o "w !m are false & v5al4 ,look1 on ! o!r h&1 at ! ,roman ,empire f ! "t ( ,vespasian to t ( ! ,anton9es1 & see h[ well ev5 a bad con/itution w succe$1 :5 good m5 are work+ x4 ,bad laws1 ,i say1 w "w tol]ably "u good m51 if fitt$ to ! exi/+ circum/ances by m5 ( ! _w1 z all ,roman laws 74 ,if !y _h n be5 su*1 h[ 0 ! ,roman ,empire1 at lea/ 9 its fir/ ye>s1 a bless+ to ! safety1 prosp]ity1 & weal? ( e c\ntry x enslav$8 ,b :5 defective ,roman laws began to be work$ by bad m51 & t = #bjj ye>s1 !n inde$ came times ( evil4 ,let u take1 !n1 ,salvian's own acc\nt ( ! cause ( ,roman decay4 ,he1 an eye-witness1 imputes x all to ! morals ( ,roman citiz5s4 ,!y 71 accord+ to him1 ( ! v wor/4 ,to ! g5]al dissolut5ess he attributes1 9 pla9 words1 ! success ( ! ,frank & ,go?ic invad]s4 ,& ! facts :i* he gives1 & :i* !re is no reason to d\bt1 are q en\gh to prove him 9 ! "r4 ,e great man's h\se1 he says1 0 a s9k ( pr(ligacy4 ,! wom5 slaves 7 at ! m]cy ( _! ma/]2 & ! slaves copi$ 8 morals among !mselves4 ,x is an ugly picture3 b common s5se w tell u1 if we b ?9k a little1 t su* w1 & mu/1 be ! case 9 slave-hold+ c\ntries1 :]ev] ,*ri/ianity is n pres5t 9 its pure/ & /ronge/ =m1 to control ! passions ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,b !re 0 n m]ely pr(ligacy among ^! ,gauls4 ,t alone w\ld n h wr\ght _! imm$iate ru94 ,morals 7 bad en\gh 9 old ,greece & ,rome2 z !y 7 aft]w>ds among ! ,turks3 nev]!less z long z a race is /rong2 z long z !re is prud5ce1 en]gy1 deep national feel+1 outrag$ virtue does n av5ge itself at once by g5]al ru94 ,b x av5ges itself at la/1 z ,salvian %ews--z all exp]i5ce %ews4 ,z 9 individuals s 9 nations1 unbridl$ indulg5ce ( ! passions mu/ produce1 & does produce1 frivolity1 effem9acy1 slav]y to ! appetite ( ! mom5t1 a brutaliz$ & reckless temp]1 be=e :i*1 prud5ce1 en]gy1 national feel+1 any & e feel+ :i* is n c5t]$ 9 self1 p]i%es utt]ly4 ,! old ,fr5* noblesse gave a pro( ( ?is law1 :i* w la/ z a w>n+ beacon to ! end ( "t4 ,! ,spani% population ( ,am]ica1 ,i am told1 gives n[ a fe>ful pro( ( ?is same t]rible p5alty4 ,has n ,italy prov$ x likewise1 = c5turies pa/8 ,x mu/ be s1 g5tlem54 ,= national life is gr\nd$ on1 is ! developm5t (1 ! life ( ! family4 ,& :]e ! root is corrupt1 ! tree mu/ be corrupt likewise4 ,x mu/ be s4 ,= ,asmodeus does n walk alone4 ,9 8 tra9 foll[ impati5ce & disappo9tm5t1 suspicion & jeal\sy1 rage & cruelty1 & all ! passions :i* set man's h& aga9/ 8 fell[-man4 ,x mu/ be s4 ,= pr(ligacy is selfi%ness2 & ! family1 & ! society1 ! nation1 exi/s only by ca/+ away selfi%ness & by obey+ law3--n only ! outw>d law1 :i* says 9 ! "n ( ,god1 ',?\ %alt n1' b ! inw>d law1 ! ,law ( ,*ri/1 :i* says1 ',?\ mu/2' ! law ( self- sacrifice1 :i* selfi% lu/ tramples "u foot1 till !re is no m cohesion left betwe5 man & man1 no m tru/1 no m fell[-help1 ?an betwe5 ! /ags :o fight = ! h9ds2 & ,god help ! nation :i* has br\ght itself to t6 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 if ,salvian's acc\nts ( ,gauli% pr(ligacy be true1 t ,gauli% recklessness rea*$ at la/ a pit* all b incr$ible4 ,x is cr$ible1 h[ev] %ock+1 t z he says1 he himself saw1 bo? at ,treves1 & ano!r great city 7probably ,cologne1 ,colonia ,agripp9a1 or ',! ,colony' p> excell5ce7 :ile ! de/ruction ( ! /ate 0 imm95t1 'old m5 ( rank1 decrepit ,*ri/ians1 slaves to gluttony & lu/1 rabid ) clam\r1 furi\s ) bac*analian orgies4' ,x is cr$ible1 h[ev] %ock+1 t all ?r\gh ,gaul ! captivity 0 '=ese51 yet nev] dread$4' ,& 's :5 ! b>b>ians _h encamp$ almo/ 9 sight1 !re 0 no t]ror among ! p1 no c>e ( ! cities4 ,all 0 posse/ by c>elessness & slo?1 gluttony1 drunk5ness1 sleep1 accord+ to t :i* ! prophet sai?3 ,a sleep f ! ,"l _h come ov] !m4' ,x is cr$ible1 h[ev] %ock+1 t ?\gh ,treves 0 f\r times tak5 by ! b>b>ians1 x rema9$ j z reckless z ev]2 & t--,i quote ,salvian /ill--:5 ! population 0 half de/roy$ by fire & sword1 ! poor dy+ ( fam9e1 corpses ( m5 & wom5 ly+ ab\t ! /reets bre$+ pe/il5ce1 :ile ! dogs dev\r$ !m1 ! few nobles :o 7 left com=t$ !mselves by s5d+ to ! ,emp]or to beg = ,circ5sian games4 ,^? ,circ5sian games1 & inde$ all ! public spectacles1 are fre% pro(s ( :at ,i said j n[2 t if a bad p e>n bad gov]nm5t1 /ill a bad gov]nm5t makes a bad p4 ,!y 7 ! mo/ extraord9>y in/ance :i* ! _w ev] saw1 ( a gov]nm5t sett+ to "w at a va/ exp5se to debau* its subjects4 ,:e!r ! ,roman rul]s set t purpose consci\sly be=e !m1 "o d>e n affirm4 ,_! notion probably 0 7= !y 7 z worldly wise z !y 7 unpr9cipl$7 t ! m frivol\s & s5sual ! p 71 ! m quietly !y w\ld submit to slav]y2 & ! be/ way to keep !m frivol\s & s5sual1 ! ,romans knew full well2 s well1 t aft] ! ,empire became ,*ri/ian1 & _m hea!n matt]s 7 done away )1 !y did n f9d x safe to d away ) ! public spectacles4 ,! temples ( ! ,gods might g3 b n ! pantomimes4 ,9 "o respect1 inde$1 ^! gov]nm5t spectacles became worse1 n bett]1 "u ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 less cruel1 no d\bt3 b also !y 7 less beautiful4 ,! old cu/om ( exhibit+ repres5tations ( ! old ,greek my?s1 :i* _h some?+ ( grace & poetry ab\t !m1 & w\ld c>ry back ! spectators' ?\ghts to ! nobl] & pur] h]oic ages1 disappe>$ be=e ,*ri/ianity2 b ! old vice did n4 ,t 0 left2 & no long] ennobl$ by ! old h]oic my?s r\nd :i* x _h clu/]$ itself1 0 simply ( ! sillie/ & mo/ vulg> k9d4 ,we "k 9 detail ! abom9ations1 z %ameless & ridicul\s1 :i* w5t on a c5tury aft] ,salvian1 9 ! !atres ( ,con/ant9ople1 "u ! eyes ( ! mo/ ,*ri/ian ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 & :i* won = t mo/ infam\s woman1 ,!odora1 a %>e 9 8 imp]ial cr[n1 & ! "r to dictate doctr9e to ! ,*ri/ian ,bi%ops ( ! ,ea/1 & to condemn ! s\l ( ,orig5 to ev]la/+ damnation1 = hav+ expre/ hopes ( ! f9al p>don ( s9n]s4 ,we c well believe1 !re=e1 ,salvian's compla9ts ( ! wick$ness ( ^? pantomimes ( :i* he says1 t 'hone/e non possunt vel accus>i2' he _c ev5 accuse !m )\t say+ :at he is a%am$ to say2 ,i believe also 8 ass]tion1 t !y w\ld n let p be mode/1 ev5 if !y wi%$2 t !y inflam$ ! passions1 & debau*$ ! imag9ations ( "y & old1 man & woman1 &--b ,i am n "h to argue t s9 is s91 or t ! population ( ,london w\ld be ! worse if ! mo/ %ameless p]sons among !m 7 put by ! ,gov]nm5t 9 possession ( ,drury ,lane & ,cov5t ,g>d52 & t1 & no?+ less ?an t1 did ! ,roman pantomimes mean1 f ! days ( ,juv5al till ^? ( ! mo/ holy & or?odox ,empress ,!odora4 ',:o1 kn[+ ! judgm5t ( ,god1 t !y :o d su* ?+s are wor?y ( dea?1 n only d ! same1 b h pleasure 9 !m t d !m4' ,n[ 9 contra/ to all ^! abom9ations1 old ,salvian sets1 boldly & hone/ly1 ! sup]ior morality ( ! b>b>ians4 ,t1 he says1 is ! cause ( _! /r5g? & our weakness4 ,we1 pr(ess+ or?odoxy1 are pr(ligate hypocrites4 ,!y1 half hea!ns1 half ,arians1 are hone/] m51 pur] m5 ?an we4 ,!re is no use1 he says1 9 despis+ ! ,go?s z h]etics1 :ile !y are bett] m5 ?an we4 ,!y are bett] ,*ri/ians ?an ! ,romans1 because !y are bett] m54 ,!y pray to ,god = success1 & tru/ 9 him1 & we presumptu\sly tru/ 9 ourselves4 ,we swe> by ,*ri/3 b :at d we d b blaspheme him1 :5 we swe> ',p] ,*ri/um tollo eum1' ',i w make away ) him1' ',p] ,*ri/um hunc jugulo1' ',i w cut 8 ?roat1' & !n believe ourselves b\nd to commit ! murd] :i* we h v[$8 4 4 4 ',! ,saxons1' he says1 'are fi]ce1 ! ,franks fai?less1 ! ,gepidae inhuman1 ! ,huns %ameless4 ,b is ! ,frank's p]fidy z blameable z ours8 ,is ! ,alman's drunk5ness1 or ! ,alan's rapacity1 z damnable z a ,*ri/ian's8 ,if a ,hun or a ,gepid deceives y1 :at wond]8 ,he is utt]ly ignorant t !re is any s9 9 falsehood4 ,b :at ( ! ,*ri/ian :o does ! same8 ,! ,b>b>ians1' he says1 'are bett] m5 ?an ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,go?s1' he says1 'are p]fidi\s1 b *a/e4 ,! ,alans un*a/e1 b less p]fidi\s4 ,! ,franks are li>s1 b hospitable2 ! ,saxons f]oci\sly cruel1 b v5]able = _! *a/ity4 ,! ,visigo?s :o conqu]$ ,spa91' he says1 '7 ! mo/ ignavi 7heavy1 ,i presume he means1 & l\ti%7 ( all ! b>b>ians3 b !y 7 *a/e1 & !re=e !y conqu]$4' ,9 ,africa1 if we are to believe ,salvian1 ?+s /ood ev5 worse1 at ! "t ( ! invasion ( ! ,v&als4 ,9 8 viol5t invectives aga9/ ! ,africans1 h[ev]1 all[ance mu/ be made4 ,salvian 0 a great lov] ( monks2 & ! ,africans us$1 he says1 to dete/ !m1 & mob !m :]ev] !y appe>$2 = :i* (f5ce1 ( c\rse1 he c f9d no words too /rong4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 himself a c\ntryman ( !irs1 :o di$1 happily1 j be=e ! /orm bur/ on t hapless l&1 speaks bitt]ly ( _! exce$+ pr(ligacy--( :i* he himself 9 8 wild y\?1 _h _h b too sad exp]i5ce4 ,salvian's ass]tion is1 t ! ,africans 7 ! mo/ pr(ligate ( all ! ,romans2 & t :ile ea* b>b>ian tribe _h 7z we h j se57 "s good 9 !m1 ! ,africans _h none4 ,b !re 7 noble s\ls left among !m1 lights :i* %one all ! m brightly 9 ! surr\nd+ d>kness4 ,9 ! pages ( ,victor ,vit5sis1 :i* tell ! sad /ory ( ! p]secution ( ! ,african ,ca?olics by ! ,arian ,v&als1 y w f9d _m a mov+ tale :i* %ews t ,god _h 8 own1 ev5 among ^? degrad$ ,c>?ag9ians4 ,! causes ( ! ,arian hatr$ to ! ,ca?olics is v obscure4 ,y w f9d all t is kn[n 9 ,dean ,milman's ,hi/ory ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,a simple explanation may be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! ,ca?olics consid]$ ! ,arians1 & did n conceal _! op9ion1 z all lit]ally & actually doom$ to ! torm5ts ( ev]la/+ fire2 & t1 z ,gibbon puts x1 ',! h]oes ( ! nor?1 :o _h submitt$ ) "s reluctance1 to believe t all _! ance/ors 7 9 hell1 7 a/oni%$ & exasp]at$ to le>n1 t !y !mselves _h only *ang$ ! mode ( _! et]nal condemnation4' ,! ,teutons 7 7,salvian himself confesses x7 try+ to s]ve ,god dev\tly1 9 *a/ity1 sobriety1 & hone/y1 accord+ to _! light4 ,& !y 7 told by ! pr(ligates ( ,africa1 t ?is & no less1 0 _! doom4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 aga91 if !y mi/ook ! ,ca?olic cre$ = ! cause ( ,ca?olic immorality4 ,t may acc\nt = ! ,v&al cu/om ( re-baptiz+ ! ,ca?olics4 ,x c]ta9ly acc\nts = ! fact 7if aft] all x be a fact7 :i* ,victor /ates1 t !y tortur$ ! nuns to extort f !m %ameful confessions aga9/ ! prie/s4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ! ,african p]secution is ! hi/ory ( all p]secutions1 z confe/ aga9 & aga9 by ! old fa!rs1 z prov$ by ! analogies ( lat] times4 ,! s9s ( ! ,*ur* draw d[n puni%m5t1 by mak+ h] enemies conf\nd h] doctr9e & h] practice4 ,b 9 return1 ! puni%m5t ( ! ,*ur* purifies h]1 & br+s out h] nobl5ess afre%1 z ! snake ca/s 8 sk9 9 pa91 & comes out "y & fair once m2 & 9 e d>k h\r ( ! ,*ur*1 !re fla%es out "s bright =m ( human h]oism1 to be a beacon & a com=t to all future "t4 ,victor1 = in/ance1 tells ! /ory ( ,dionysia1 ! beautiful wid[ :om ! ,v&als tri$ to torture into d5y+ ! ,div9ity ( our ,"l4--,h[ :5 !y saw t %e 0 bold] & fair] ?an all ! o!r matrons1 !y seiz$ h]1 & w5t to /rip h]3 & %e cri$ to !m1 ',qualit] libet occidite3 v]ecunda tam5 membra nolite nud>e1' b 9 va94 ,!y hung h] up by ! h&s1 & sc\rg$ h] till /reams ( blood ran d[n e limb4 ,h] only son1 a delicate boy1 /ood by trembl+1 kn[+ t 8 turn w\ld come next2 & %e saw x1 & call$ to him 9 ! mid/ ( h] %ame & agony4 ',he _h be5 baptiz$ into ! "n ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity2 let him die 9 t "n1 & n lose ! w$d+-g>m5t4 ,let him fe> ! pa9 t nev] ends1 & cl+ to ! life t endures = ev]4' ,! boy took he>t1 & :5 8 turn came1 di$ "u ! torture2 & ,dionysia took up ! little corpse1 & buri$ x 9 h] own h\se2 & wor%ipp$ ^u h] boy's grave to h] dy+ day4 ,yes4 ,god _h 8 own left1 ev5 among ^? fall5 ,africans ( ,c>?age4 ,b nei!r !re1 nor 9 ,spa91 c\ld ! ,v&als cure ! evil4 ',n[-a- days1' says ,salvian1 '!re are no pr(ligates among ! ,go?s1 save ,romans2 none among ! ,v&als1 save ,romans4 ,blu%1 ,roman p1 ev]y:]e1 blu% = y\r morals4 ,!re is h>dly a city free f d5s ( s91 & none at all f impurity1 save ^? :i* ! b>b>ians h begun to occupy4 ,& d we wond] if we are surpass$ 9 p[]1 by an enemy :o surpasses u 9 dec5cy8 ,x is n ! natural /r5g? ( _! bodies :i* makes !m conqu] u4 ,we h be5 conqu]$ only by ! vices ( our own morals4' ,yes4 ,salvian 0 "r4 ,^? la/ words 7 no m]e outbur/ ( national vanity1 cont5t to confess e s91 save t ( be+ c[>ds4 ,he 0 "r4 ,x 0 n ! m]e muscle ( ! ,teuton :i* enabl$ him to cru% ! decrepit & debau*$ slave-nations1 ,gaul & ,briton1 ,ib]ian & ,african1 z ! ox cru%es ! frogs ( ! m>%4 ,! 's]a juv5um ,v5us1 ideoque inexhau/a pub]tas1' _h giv5 him m ?an 8 l(ty /ature1 & 8 mighty limbs4 ,_h he _h n\ght b !m1 he might h rema9$ to ! end a bl9d ,samson1 gr9d+ among ! slaves 9 ,caes>'s mill1 but*]$ to make a ,roman holiday4 ,b x _h giv5 him m1 t purity ( 82 x _h giv5 him1 z x may give y1 g5tlem51 a calm & /eady bra91 & a free & loyal he>t2 ! en]gy :i* spr+s f heal?2 ! self-respect :i* comes f self- re/ra9t2 & ! _s :i* %r9ks f nei!r ,god nor man1 & feels x light to die = wife & *ild1 = p1 & = ,que54 ,,preface ,,to ,,lecture ,,iii4--,,on ,,dr4 ,,la?am',s ',,g]mania4' ,if ,i h foll[$ 9 ^! lectures ! bett] kn[n & m widely receiv$ etymology ( ! "n ,go?1 ,i h done s out ( no disrespect to ,dr4 ,la?am2 b simply because 8 !ory seems to me adhuc sub judice4 ,x is ?is1 z f> z ,i und]/& x4 ,t ',go?' 0 n ! aborig9al "n ( ! race4 ,t !y 7 probably n s call$ till !y came into ! l& ( ! ,getae1 ab\t ! m\?s ( ! ,danube4 ,t ! ,teutonic "n = ! ,o/rogo?s 0 ,grutungs1 & t ( ! ,visigo?s 7:i* he does n consid] to mean ,we/-,go?s7 ,!rv+s1 ,?ur+]4 ,t on rea*+ ! l& ( ! ,getae !y took _! "n2 'j z ! ,k5t+s ( ,anglo-,saxon ,engl& took "n f ! ,keltic c\ntry ( ,k5t2' & t ! names ,go?1 ,go?ones1 ,go?9i 7 orig9ally giv5 to ,li?uanians by _! ,sclavonic neighb\rs4 ,i m]ely /ate ! !ory1 & leave x = ! judgm5t ( o!rs4 ,! pr9cipal po9ts :i* ,dr4 ,la?am consid]s himself to h e/abli%$1 are-- ,t ! area & population ( ! ,teutonic tribes h be51 on ! au?ority ( ,tacitus1 mu* ov]rat$2 _m tribes hi!rto suppos$ to be ,teutonic be+ really ,sclavonic1 c4 ,?is ne$ n %ock our pride1 if prov$--z x seems to me to be4 ,! nations :o h influ5c$ ! _w's de/9y h n be5 great1 9 ! mod]n ,am]ican s5se ( 'big2' b great 9 he>t1 z our =efa!rs 74 ,! ,greeks 7 b a h&ful at ,salamis2 s 7 ! ,romans ( ! ,republic2 s 7 ! ,spani>ds ( ,am]ica2 s1 probably1 7 ! ,aztecs & ,incas :om !y ov]?rew2 & surely our own conqu]ors & re-conqu]]s ( ,h9do/an h %ewn en\gh t x is n numb]s1 b s\l1 :i* gives a race ! p[] to rule4 ,nei!r ne$ we object to ,dr4 ,la?am's op9ion1 t m ?an "o ( ! tribes :i* took "p 9 ! de/ruction ( ! ,empire 7 n aborig9al ,g]mans1 b ,sclavonians ,g]maniz$1 & "u ,g]man lead]s4 ,x may be s4 ,! cu/om ( enslav+ captives w\ld r5d] pure ,teutonic blood among ! l[] classes ( a tribe ! exception & n ! rule2 :ile ! cu/om ( *iefs *oos+ ! '!gns1' 'gesi?a1' or 'comites1' :o liv$ & di$ z _! companions-9-arms1 f among ! mo/ valiant ( ! unfree1 w\ld t5d to produce a mix$ blood 9 ! upp] classes also1 & gradually assimilate ! :ole mass to ! mann]s & laws ( _! ,teutonic lords4 ,only by "s su* actual sup]iority ( ! upp] classes to ! l[] c ,i expla9 ! deep respect = rank & blood1 :i* di/+ui%es1 & w p]haps always di/+ui%1 ! ,teutonic peoples4 ,_h !re ev5 be5 any?+ l a primaeval equality among our race1 a h]$it>y ari/ocracy c\ld nev] h aris51 or if aris+ = a :ile1 nev] c\ld h rema9$ z a fact :i* all believ$ 91 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 ,j1 or unju/1 ! in/itution repres5t$1 ,i v]ily believe1 an e?nological fact4 ,! gold5-hair$ h]o said to 8 br[n-hair$ bondsman1 ',i am a g5tleman1 :o h a g5s1 a /amm1 a p$igree1 & "k f :om ,i am sprung4 ,i am a ,g>d+1 an ,amalung1 a ,scyld+1 an ,os+1 or :at n4 ,i am a son ( ! gods4 ,! blood ( ! ,asas is 9 my ve9s4 ,d y n see x8 ,am ,i n wis]1 /rong]1 m virtu\s1 m beautiful ?an y8 ,y mu/ obey me1 & be my man1 & foll[ me to ! dea?4 ,!n1 if y prove a wor?y ?ane1 ,i w give y horse1 weapons1 bracelets1 l&s2 & m>ry y1 x may be1 to my daught] or my niece4 ,& if n1 y mu/ rema9 a son ( ! e>?1 grubb+ 9 ! du/ ( :i* y 7 made4' ,& ! bondsman believ$ him2 & became 8 "l's man1 & foll[$ him to ! dea?2 & 0 !reby n degrad$1 b rais$ out ( selfi% savag]y & brute indep5d5ce into loyalty1 usefulness1 & self-respect4 ,z a fact1 t is ! me?od by :i* ! ?+ 0 done3 done2--v ill inde$1 z mo/ human ?+s are done2 b a me?od inevitable--& possibly "r2 till 7z 9 ,engl& n[7 ! l[] classes became e?nologically id5tical ) ! upp]1 & equality became possible 9 law1 simply because x exi/$ 9 fact4 ,b ! "p ( ,dr4 ,la?am's ',g]mania' to :i* ,i am b\nd to call mo/ att5tion1 because ,i h n foll[$ x1 is t int]e/+ "p ( ! ,prolegom5a1 9 :i* he combats ! g5]ally receiv$ !ory1 t1 betwe5 ! "t ( ,tacitus & t ( ,*>lemagne1 va/ masses ( ,g]mans _h migrat$ s\?w>d f betwe5 ! ,elbe & ! ,vi/ula2 & t !y _h be5 replac$ by ! ,sclavonians :o c]ta9ly 7 !re 9 ,*>lemagne's days4 ,dr4 ,la?am argues aga9/ ?is !ory ) a great v>iety ( facts & reasons4 ,b has he n ov]/at$ 8 case on "s po9ts8 ,ne$ ! migrations necess>y = ?is !ory h be5 ( 'unp>allel$ magnitude & rapidity'8 ,z = ! 'unp>allel$ complet5ess' on :i* he lays mu* /ress1 f ! fact t no remnants ( ,teutonic population are f\nd 9 ! c\ntries evacuat$3 ,is x ! fact t 'hi/ory only tells u ( ,g]man armies hav+ advanc$ s\?'8 ,d we n f9d f\r fam\s cases--! irruption ( ! ,cimbri & ,teutons into ,italy2 ! passage ( ! ,danube by ! ,visigo?s2 & ! invasions ( ,italy fir/ by ! ,o/rogo?s1 !n by ! ,lomb>ds--9 :i* ! nations came ) m51 wom51 & *ildr51 horses1 cattle1 & dogs1 bag & baggage8 ,may n ?is h be5 ! cu/om ( ! race1 ) its /rong feel+ = ! family tie2 & may n ?is acc\nt = no traces ( !m be+ left beh9d8 ,does n ,dr4 ,la?am's !ory proce$ too mu* on an assumption t ! ,sclavonians disposse/ ! ,teutons by =ce8 ,& is n ?is assumption 8 gr\nd = object+ t ! movem5t 0 effect$ improbably 'by t division ( ! ,european population 7! ,sclavonic & ,li?uanian7 :i* has1 )9 ! hi/oric p]iod1 rec$$ be=e ! ,g]manic'8 ,are ^! migrations1 ?\gh 'unrepres5t$ 9 any hi/ory' 7i4e4 contemporane\s71 really 'unrepres5t$ 9 any tradition'8 ,d n ! traditions ( ,jorn&es & ,paulus ,diaconus1 t ! ,go?s & ! ,lomb>ds came f ,sc&9avia1 repres5t ?is v fact8--& are !y to be set aside z naught8 ,surely n4 ,my?s ( ?is k9d g5]ally embody a nucleus ( tru?1 & mu/ be reg>d$ ) respect2 = !y (t51 aft] all argum5ts ab\t !m are sp5t1 are f\nd to conta9 ! v pi? ( ! matt]4 ,are ! 'ph5om5a ( replacem5t & sub/itution' s v /range--,i w n say ^u ! popul> !ory1 b at lea/ on "o half-way betwe5 x & ,dr4 ,la?am's8 ,namely-- ,t ! ,teutonic races came orig9ally1 z "s ( !m say !y did1 f ,sc&9avia1 ,d5m>k1 ! ,s\? ,baltic1 c4 ,t !y =c$ _! way d[n1 wave aft] wave1 on :at w\ld h be5 ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance--! ,m>*es betwe5 ! ,gauls1 ,romaniz$ or o!rwise1 & ! ,sclavonians4 ,& t ! ,alps & ! solid front ( ! ,roman ,empire turn$ !m to ! ,ea/1 till _! vangu>d f\nd itself on ! ,danube4 ,?is w\ld agree ) ,dr4 ,la?am's mo/ valuable h9t1 t ,m>km51 ',m5 ( ! ,m>*es1' 0 p]haps ! "n ( _m ,g]man tribes successively4 ,t !y f\ght1 z !y w5t1 ) ! ,sclavonian & o!r tribes 7z _! traditions seem to report71 & roll$ !m back to ! ea/w>d2 & t z ea* ,teutonic tribe pa/ d[n ! l9e1 ! ,sclavonians roll$ back aga91 till ! la/ column 0 pa/4 ,t ! ,teutons also c>ri$ d[n ) !m1 z slaves or allies1 a portion ( ?is old ,sclavonic population 7to :i* ,dr4 ,la?am w p]haps agree72 & t ?is fact caus$ a hiatus1 :i* 0 gradually fill$ by tribes :o aft] all 7 little bett] ?an nomad hunt]s1 & w\ld occupy 7q nom9ally7 a v l>ge tract ) a small population4 ,w\ld n ?is !ory agree at once tol]ably ) ! old traditions & ) ,dr4 ,la?am's new facts8 ,! "q /ill rema9s--:i* is ! "q ( all4 ,:at put ^! ,g]manic peoples on go+ ,s\?8 ,7 !re no causes suffici5t to excite s desp]ate a resolve8 7#a7 ,did !y all g8 ,is n ,paulus ,diaconus' /ory t "o-?ird ( ! ,lomb>ds 0 to emigrate by lot1 & two-?irds rema9 at home1 a r\gh type ( :at g5]ally happ5$--:at happ5s n[ 9 our mod]n emigrations8 ,0 n ! surplus population driv5 (f by fam9e t[>d w>m] & m hopeful climes8 7#b7 ,are n ! ,teutonic populations ( ,engl&1 ,nor? ,g]many1 & ! ,baltic1 ! desc5dants1 mu* int]mix$1 & ) dialects mu* *ang$1 ( ! portions :i* 7 left beh9d8 ,?is is ! op9ion1 ,i believe1 ( sev]al great e?nologi/s4 ,is x n true8 ,if philological objections are rais$ to ?is1 ,i ask 7b 9 all humility71 ,did n ^! s\?w>d migrations comm5ce long be=e ! "t ( ,tacitus8 ,if s1 may !y n h comm5c$ be=e ! diff]5t ,teutonic dialects 7 z di/9ct z !y 7 9 ! hi/oric p]iod8 ,& are we to suppose t ! dialects did n alt] dur+ ! long j\rney+s ?r\gh _m nations8 ,is x possible t ! ,!rv+s & ,grutungs c\ld h reta9$ ! same tongue on ! ,danube1 z _! =efa!rs spoke 9 _! native l&8 ,w\ld n ! ,moeso-,go?ic ( ,ulfilas h be5 all b un9telligible to ! ,go? :o1 ^u ! old !ory1 rema9$ 9 ,go?l& ( ,sw$58 7#c7 ,b 7 !re n m causes ?an m]e want1 :i* s5t !m s\?8 ,_h ! peculi> re/lessness ( ! race no?+ to d ) x8 ,a re/lessness n nomadic1 b migratory3 aris+ n f c>elessness ( l& & home1 b f ! long+ to f\nd a home 9 a new l&1 l ! re/lessness ( u1 _! *ildr58 ,z soon z we meet !m 9 hi/oric times1 !y are always mov+1 migrat+1 invad+4 ,7 !y n do+ ! same 9 pre-hi/oric times1 by fits & />ts1 no d\bt ) p]iods ( excitem5t1 p]iods ( collapse & re/8 ,:5 we recollect ! invasion ( ! ,normans2 ! :olesale ea/w>d migration ( ! ,crusad]s1 m51 wom51 & *ildr52 & ! lat] colonization by ,teutonic peoples1 ( e qu>t] ( ! globe1 is !re any?+ wond]ful 9 ! belief t simil> migratory manias may h seiz$ ! old tribes2 t ! _s ( ,wod51 '! mov]1' may h mov$ !m1 & =c$ !m to g ahead1 z n[8 ,d\btless ! !ory is /range4 ,b ! ,teutons 7 & are a /range p2 s /range1 t !y h conqu]$--"o may almo/ say t !y are--all nations :i* are alive ^u ! globe2 & we may !re=e expect !m to h done /range ?+s ev5 9 _! infancy4 ,! ,romans saw !m conqu] ! empire2 & said1 ! good m5 among !m1 t x 0 on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior virtue4 ,b beside ! virtue :i* made !m succe$1 !re mu/ h be5 ! adv5tur\sness :i* made !m attempt4 ,!y 7 a p fond ( 'avantur51' l _! desc5dants2 & !y w5t out to seek !m2 & f\nd en\gh & to sp>e4 7#d7 ,b m1 _h !y nev] he>d ( ,rome8 ,surely !y _h1 & at a v e>ly p]iod ( ! empire4 ,we are apt to =get1 t = e discov]y ( ! ,g]mans by ! ,romans1 !re 0 a simil> discov]y ( ! ,romans by ! ,g]mans1 & "o :i* w\ld tell p[]fully on _! *ildi% imag9ation4 ,did n "o s+le ,kemp] or ,teuton return f ,m>ius' slaught]1 to spread among ! tribes 7nidd]+ ?\gh he may h be5 call$ = com+ back alive7 ! fair l& :i* !y _h f\nd1 fit = ! gods ( ,valhalla2 ! l& ( sun%9e1 fruits & w9e1 :]e9 8 bro!rs' & si/]s' bones 7 blea*+ unav5g$8 ,did no gay ,gaul ( ! ,legion ( ! ,l>k1 boa/ 9 a fronti] w9e-h\se to a ,g]man trapp]1 :o came 9 to sell 8 peltry1 h[ he himself 0 a g5tleman n[1 & a civiliz$ man1 & a ,roman2 & h[ he _h foll[$ ,julius ,caes>1 ! k+ ( m51 ov] ! ,rubicon1 & on to a city ( ! l ( :i* man nev] dream$1 :]e9 0 room = all ! gods ( heav58 ,did no captive tribune ( ,v>us' legions1 l$ ) horrid %\ts r\nd ,?or's alt> 9 ! ,teutoburg] ,wald1 ere 8 corpse 0 hung among ! horses & goats on ! primaeval oaks1 turn to bay l a ,roman1 & tell 8 wild captors ( ! ,et]nal ,city1 & ( ! might ( t ,caes> :o w\ld av5ge e hair ^u 8 head ) a ,g]man life2 & receive = answ] a %\t ( laught]1 & ! cry--',y h come to u3 & "s day we w g to y8' ,did no commiss>y1 b>ga9+ ) a ,g]man = cattle to be s5t ov] ! fronti] by su* a day ( ! week1 & tea*+ him to mi/ranslate into ^? names ( ,?or1 ,wod51 ,freya1 & s =?1 :i* !y n[ c>ry1 ! ,jewi%-,assyrian-,roman days ( ! se'nnight1 amuse ! simple =e/] by tell+ him h[ ! /reets ( ,rome 7 pav$ ) gold1 & no "o _h any?+ to d !re b to eat & ba! at ! public exp5se1 & to g to ! !atre1 & see #bj1jjj gladiators fight at once8 ,did no ,g]man ',regulus1' ald]man1 or k+1 ent] ,rome on an embassy1 & come back ) uplift$ eyes & h&s1 decl>+ t he _h se5 ?+s unspeakable--a 'v f9e plund]1' z ,blu*] said ( ,london2 & t if x 7 n = ! walls1 !y might get x all2 = n only ! ladies1 b ! noblem51 w5t ab\t 9 litt]s ( silv] & gold1 & wore gauze dresses1 ! %ameless wret*es1 ?r\gh :i* y might see e limb1 s t z = kill+ !m1 !re 0 no m fe> ( !m ?an ( a flock ( %eep3 b t he did n see z well z he c\ld h wi%$ h[ to ent] ! great city1 = he 0 m or less ! worse = liquor ! :ole "t1 ) wondr\s /uff :i* !y call$ w9e8 ,or did no captive1 escap$ by miracle f ! but*]ies ( ! amphi!atre1 return to tell 8 c\ntrym5 h[ all ! re/ _h di$ l ,g]man m52 & call on !m to rise & av5ge _! bro!rs' blood8 ,yes1 surely ! ,teutons knew well1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ,tacitus1 ( ! 'mickleg>d1' ! great city & all its glory4 ,e fre% tribe :o pass$ along ! fronti] ( ,gaul or ( ,noricum w\ld he> m & m ( x1 see m & m m5 :o _h actually be5 !re4 ,if ! glory ( ! city ex]cis$ on its own inhabitants an intoxicat+ influ5ce1 z ( a place omnipot5t1 sup]human1 div9e--x w\ld ex]cise 7exagg]at$ z x w\ld be7 a /ill /rong] influ5ce on ! b>b>ians outside3 & :at wond] if !y press$ s\?w>ds at fir/ 9 ! hope ( tak+ ! mighty city2 & aft]w>ds1 z h] real /r5g? became m kn[n1 ( at lea/ seiz+ "s ( ^? colonial cities1 :i* 7 z sup]human 9 _! eyes z ,rome itself w\ld h be58 ,9 ! crusades1 ! *ildr51 :5ev] !y came to a great t[n1 ask$ _! p>5ts if t 0 n ,j]usalem4 ,& s1 x may be1 _m a gallant "y ,teuton1 on ent]+ = ! fir/ "t su* a city z ,cologne1 ,lyons1 or ,vi5na1 :isp]$ half trembl+ to 8 "l--',surely ?is mu/ be ,rome4' ,"s su* argum5ts z ^! might surely be br\ght 9 fav\r ( a great] migration ?an ,dr4 ,la?am is incl9$ to all[3 b ,i mu/ leave ! "q = m5 ( deep] rese>* & wid] le>n+1 ?an ,i possess4 ,,lecture ,,iii4--,,! ,,human ,,deluge ',i h tak5 9 h&1' said ,sir ,francis ,drake once to ! crew ( ! immortal ,pelican1 't :i* ,i "k n h[ to accompli%4 ,yea1 x ha? ev5 b]eav$ me ( my wits to ?9k ( x4' ,& s ,i mu/ say on ! subject ( ?is lecture4 ,i wi% to give y "s notion ( ! hi/ory ( ,italy = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s2 say f #djj to #ejj4 ,b x is v difficult4 ,h[ c a man draw a picture ( t :i* has no %ape2 or tell ! ord] ( absolute disord]8 ,x is all a horrible 'f\rmillem5t des nations1' l ! work+ ( an ant- heap2 l ! insects dev\r+ ea* o!r 9 a drop ( wat]4 ,teuton tribes1 ,sclavonic tribes1 ,t>t> tribes1 ,roman g5]als1 empresses1 bi%ops1 c\rti]s1 adv5tur]s1 appe> = a mom5t out ( ! cr[d1 dim phantoms--no?+ m1 mo/ ( !m--) a "n app5d$1 & !n vani%1 prov+ _! humanity only by leav+ beh9d !m "o m /a9 ( blood4 ,& :at became ( ! masses all ! :ile8 ( ! m51 slaves ! great] "p ( !m1 if n all1 :o till$ ! soil1 & gr\nd ! corn--= man mu/ h eat51 !n z n[8 ,we h no h9t4 ,"o tru/s t ,god _h m]cy on !m1 if n 9 ?is _w1 /ill 9 ! _w to come4 ,man1 at lea/1 _h none4 ,tak+ "o's /& at ,rome1 & look+ t[>d ! nor?1 :at does "o see = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s8 ,wave aft] wave ris+ out ( ! nor?1 ! l& ( night1 & wond]1 & ! t]rible unkn[n2 visible only z ! light ( ,roman civilization /rikes _! cre/s1 & !y da% aga9/ ! ,alps1 & roll ov] ?r\gh ! m\nta9 passes1 into ! f]tile pla9s bel[4 ,!n at la/ !y are se5 b too well2 & y discov] t ! waves are liv+ m51 wom51 & *ildr51 horses1 dogs1 & cattle1 all ru%+ headlong into t great :irlpool ( ,italy3 & yet ! gulf is nev] full4 ,! e>? dr9ks up ! blood2 ! bones decay into ! fruitful soil2 ! v names & memories ( :ole tribes are wa%$ away4 ,& ! result ( an immigration :i* may be c\nt$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s is ?is--t all ! l& is wa/e4 ,! be/ au?orities :i* ,i c give y 7?\gh y w f9d _m m 9 ,gibbon7 are--= ! ma9 /ory1 ,jorn&es1 ,de ,rebus ,geticis4 ,himself a ,go?1 he wrote ! hi/ory ( 8 race1 & t ( ,attila & 8 ,huns1 9 good rugg$ ,lat91 n )\t =ce & s5se4 ,!n ,claudian1 ! poet1 a bomba/ic panegyri/ ( contempor>y ,roman sc\ndrels2 b full ( curi\s facts1 if "o c\ld only dep5d on !m4 ,!n ! e>li] books ( ,procopius ,de ,bello ,go?ico1 & ! ,*ronicle ( ,zosimus4 ,salvian1 ,ennodius & ,sidonius ,apoll9>is1 z ,*ri/ians1 w give y curi\s details1 especially z to ,s\? ,france & ,nor? ,italy2 :ile _m p>ticul>s ( ! fir/ sack ( ,rome1 ) comm5ts !reon :i* express ! highe/ intellects ( t day1 y w f9d 9 ,/4 ,j]ome's ,lett]s1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god4 ,b if y want ^! dreadful times expla9$ to y1 ,i d n ?9k y c d bett] ?an to take y\r ,bibles1 & to read ! ,revelations ( ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/le4 ,i %all quote !m1 m ?an once1 9 ?is lecture4 ,i _c help quot+ !m4 ,! words come naturally to my lips1 z fitt] to ! facts ?an any words ( my own4 ,i d n come "h to int]pret ! ,book ( ,revelations4 ,i d n und]/& t book4 ,b ,i d say pla9ly1 ?\gh ,i _c int]pret ! book1 t ! book has int]pret$ ^? times to me4 ,its awful metaphors give me m liv+ & accurate pictures ( :at w5t on ?an any t ,gibbon's fai?ful details c give4 ,y may see1 if y h spiritual eyes :]e) to see1 ! ,dragon1 ! s]p5t1 symbol ( political craft & ! devili% wisdom ( ! ,roman1 giv+ au?ority to ! ,bea/1 ! symbol ( brute p[]2 to mongrel ,a,etiuses & ,bonifaces1 b>b>ian ,/ili*os1 ,ricim]s & ,asp>s1 & a ho/ ( simil> adv5tur]s1 ^: only /r5g? 0 =ce4 ,y may see ! _w wond]+ aft] ! bea/1 & wor%ipp+ brute =ce1 z ! only ?+ left to believe 94 ,y may see ! nations ( ! _w gnaw+ _! tongues = pa91 & blasphem+ ,god1 b n rep5t+ ( _! de$s4 ,y may see ! fai? & pati5ce ( ! sa9ts--m5 l ,augu/9e1 ,salvian1 ,epiphanius1 ,sev]9us1 ,deogratias ( ,c>?age1 & a ho/ m1 no d\bt1 ^: names ! _w w nev] he>--! salt ( ! e>?1 :i* kept x all f rott+4 ,y may see ,babylon ! great fall51 & all ! k+s & m]*ants ( ! e>? bewail+ h] af> (f1 & wat*+ ! smoke ( h] torm5t4 ,y may see1 z ,/4 ,john w>ns y1 t--aft] h] fall1 m9d--if m5 w\ld g on wor%ipp+ ! bea/1 & mu* m 8 image--! phantom & %ad[ ( brute =ce1 aft] ! reality _h pass$ away--!y %\ld dr9k ( ! w9e ( ! wra? ( ,god1 & be torm5t$ = ev]4 ,= y may see h[ ^? deg5]ate ,romans did g on wor%ipp+ ! %ad[ ( brute =ce1 & h[ !y 7 torm5t$ = ev]2 & _h no re/ day or night1 because !y wor%ipp$ ! ,bea/ & 8 image4 ,y may see all ! f[l ( ! heav5s flock+ toge!r to ! fea/ ( ! great ,god1 to eat ! fle% ( k+s & capta9s1 horse & rid]1 bond & free4--,all c>rion-birds1 human z well z brute--,all gre$y villa9s & adv5tur]s1 ! sc\ndreldom ( ! :ole _w1 flock+ 9 to get _! %>e ( ! c>cass ( ! dy+ empire2 z ! vulture & ! rav5 flock 9 to ! c>rion :5 ! royal eagles h gorg$ _! fill4 ,& la/ly1 y may see1 if ,god give y grace1 ,"o :o is fai?ful & true1 ) a "n :i* no man knew1 save ,himself1 mak+ w> 9 righte\sness aga9/ all evil2 br++ ord] out ( disord]1 hope out ( despair1 fre% heal? & life out ( old disease & dea?2 execut+ j judgm5t among all ! nations ( ! e>?2 & s5d+ d[n f heav5 ! city ( ,god1 9 ! light ( :i* ! nations ( ^? :o are sav$ %\ld walk1 & ! k+s ( ! e>? %\ld br+ _! p[] & _! glory into x2 ) ! tree ( life 9 ! mid/ ( x1 ^: leaves %\ld be = ! heal+ ( ! nations4 ,aga91 ,i say1 ,i am n "h to int]pret ! ,book ( ,revelations2 b ?is ,i say1 t t book int]prets ^? times to me4 ,leav+1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 to bett] hi/orians ?an myself ! g5]al subject ( ! ,teutonic immigrations2 ! conque/ ( ,nor? ,gaul by ! ,franks1 ( ,brita9 by ! ,saxons & ,angles1 ( ,burgundy by ! ,burgundians1 ( ,africa by ! ,v&als1 ,i %all speak r ( ^? ,teutonic tribes :i* actually ent]$ & conqu]$ ,italy2 & fir/1 ( c\rse1 ( ! ,go?s4 ,especially int]e/+ to u ,engli% %\ld _! =tunes be1 = !y are said to be v ne> ( k9 to u2 at lea/ to ^? ,jutes :o conqu]$ ,k5t4 ,z ,go?s1 ,geats1 ,getae1 ,juts1 antiqu>ians f9d !m 9 e>ly & altoge!r my?ic times1 9 ! ,sc&9avian p59sula1 & ! isles & ma9l& ( ,d5m>k4 ,_! "n1 x is said1 is ! same z "o "n = ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,go?1 ,gu?1 ,yu?1 signifies w>4 ',god' is ! highe/ w>rior1 ! ,"l ( ho/s1 & ! prog5itor ( ! race1 :e!r z an ',eponym h]o' or z ! supreme ,deity4 ,physical =ce 0 _! rude notion ( ,div9e p[]1 & ,tiu1 ,tiv1 or ,tyr1 9 l mann]1 :o 0 orig9ally ! god ( ! cle> sky1 ! ,zeus or ,jove ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 became by virtue ( 8 w>like "*1 id5tical ) ! ,roman ,m>s1 till ! dies ,m>tis ( ! ,roman week became ! ,g]man ,tuesday4 ,work+ _! way d[n f ,go?l& & ,jutl&1 we "k n :y nor :51 ?ru/+ aside ! cognate ,burgunds1 & ! ,sclavonic tribes :om !y met on ! road1 !y _h spread !mselves1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ov] ! :ole ,s\? ( ,russia1 & we/w>d ov] ! ,danubian ,prov9ces1 & ,hung>y4 ,! ,o/rogo?s 7,ea/-go?s7 lay f ! ,volga to ! ,bory/h5es1 ! ,visigo?s 7,we/-go?s87 f ! ,bory/h5es to ! ,!iss4 ,beh9d !m lay ! ,gepidae1 a ,g]man tribe1 :o _h come s\?- ea/w>d ) !m1 & ^: "n is said to signify ! m5 :o _h 'bid$' 7rema9$7 beh9d ! re/4 ,:at mann] ( m5 !y 7 x is h>d to say1 s few details are left to u4 ,b we may conceive !m z a tall1 fair-hair$ p1 clo!d 9 %irts & smocks ( embroid]$ l951 & gait]s cross-/rapp$ ) hide2 _! arms & necks encircl$ ) gold & silv] r+s2 ! w>riors1 at lea/ ( ! upp] class1 well hors$1 & arm$ ) lance & heavy sword1 ) *a9-mail1 & helmets surm\nt$ ) plumes1 horns1 t[]s1 dragons1 bo>s1 & ! o!r /range devices :i* are /ill se5 on ! cre/s ( ,g]man nobles4 ,?is mu* we c guess2 = 9 ?is way _! ance/ors1 or at lea/ relations1 ! ,w>-,geats1 appe> clo!d 9 ! gr& old song ( ,be[ulf4 ,_! l& mu/ h be5 till$ pr9cipally by slaves1 usually captives tak5 9 w>3 b ! noble my/]y ( ! =ge1 :]e arms & ornam5ts 7 made1 0 an hon\rable craft = m5 ( rank2 & _! ladies1 z 9 ! middle age1 prid$ !mselves on _! skill ) ! ne$le & ! loom4 ,_! language has be5 happily pres]v$ to u 9 ,ulfilas' ,translation ( ! ,scriptures4 ,= ^! ,go?s1 ! great] numb] ( !m at lea/1 7 by ?is "t ,*ri/ians1 or v ne>ly su*4 ,good ,bi%op ,ulfilas1 br\ght up a ,*ri/ian & consecrat$ by ord] ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 _h be5 lab\r+ = ye>s to conv]t 8 adopt$ c\ntrym5 f ! wor%ip ( ,?or & ,wod54 ,he _h translat$ ! ,bible = !m1 & _h con/ruct$ a ,go?ic alphabet = t purpose4 ,he _h omitt$1 h[ev] 7prud5tly z he consid]$7 ! books ( ,k+s1 ) _! hi/ories ( ! ,jewi% w>s4 ,! ,go?s1 he held1 7 only too fond ( fight+ already1 & 'ne$$ 9 t matt] ! bit1 r ?an ! spur4' ,he _h n[ a l>ge numb] ( conv]ts1 "s ( :om _h ev5 endur$ p]secution f _! hea!n bre?r54 ,a?an>ic1 'judge1' or ald]man ( ! ,!rv+s1 _h s5t ?r\gh ! camp--s runs ! /ory--! waggon :i* bore ! idol ( ,wod51 & _h burnt1 ) _! t5ts & _! families1 ^? :o refus$ to wor%ip4 ,!y1 l all o!r ,g]man tribes1 7 rul$ ov] by two royal races1 sons ( ,wod5 & ! ,asas4 ,! ,o/rogo? race 0 ! ,amalungs--! 'heav5ly1' or 'spotless' race2 ! ,visigo? race 0 ! ,bal?ungs--! 'bold' or 'valiant' race2 & f ^! two families1 & f a few o!rs1 b all believ$ to be l9eally desc5d$ f ,wod51 & n[ mu* int]mix$1 are d]iv$ all ! old royal families ( ,europe1 t ( ! ,h\se ( ,brunswick among ! re/4 ,t !y 7 no savages1 is %ewn suffici5tly by _! names1 at lea/ ^? ( _! *iefs4 ,su* names z ,al>ic1 'all ri*' or 'all p[]ful1' ,ataulf1 '! help+ fa!r1' ,fridig]n1 '! will+ peace- mak]1' & s =?--all ! names 9 fact1 :i* c be put back into _! native =m out ( _! ,romaniz$ di/ortions1 are tok5s ( a p f> remov$ f t b>b>\s /ate 9 :i* m5 are nam$ aft] p]sonal peculi>ities1 natural objects1 or ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,on ?is subject y may consult1 z full ( int]e/ & in/ruction1 ! li/ ( ,teutonic names giv5 9 ,muratori4 ,!y _h brok5 ov] ! ,roman fronti] m ?an once1 & tak5 cities4 ,!y _h compell$ ! ,emp]or ,gratian to buy !m (f4 ,!y _h built !mselves flat-bottom$ boats )\t iron 9 !m & sail$ f ! ,crimea r\nd ! %ores ( ! ,black ,sea1 once & aga91 plund]+ ,trebizond1 & at la/ ! temple itself ( ,diana at ,ephesus4 ,!y _h ev5 p5etrat$ into ,greece & ,a!ns1 plund]$ ! ,p>!non1 & ?reat5$ ! capitol4 ,!y _h f\ght ! ,emp]or ,decius1 till he1 & _m ( 8 legion>ies1 7 dr[n$ 9 a bog 9 ! mom5t ( victory4 ,!y _h be5 driv5 ) difficulty back across ! ,danube by ,aurelian1 & wall$ out ( ! ,empire ) ! ,allemanni by ,probus's ',teufels-,mau]1' /ret*+ f ! ,danube to ! ,rh9e4 ,_! "t 0 n yet come by a hundr$ ye>s4 ,b !y _h se5 & ta/$ ! f9e ?+s ( ! sunny s\?1 & did n =get !m amid ! /eppes & sn[s4 ,at la/ a sore ne$ came ^u !m4 ,ab\t #cej !re 0 a great k+ among !m1 ,erman>ic1 '! p[]ful w>rior1' comp>able1 says ,jorn&es1 to ,alex&] himself1 :o _h conqu]$ all ! conqu]$ tribes ar\nd4 ,:5 he 0 pa/ #ajj ye>s old1 a *ief ( ! ,roxolani 7,ugrians1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,la?am2 m5 ( ,ros1 or ,russia71 "o ( ^! tribes1 plott$ aga9/ him1 & s5t = help to ! new p1 ! ,huns1 :o _h j appe>$ on ! conf9es ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,old ,erman>ic tore ! traitor's wife to pieces ) wild horses3 b ! ,huns came nev]!less4 ,a magic h9d1 ! ,go?s said1 guid$ ! new p ov] ! /eppes to ! l& ( ! ,go?s1 & !n vani%$4 ,!y f\ght ) ! ,go?s1 & defeat$ !m4 ,old ,erman>ic /abb$ himself = %ame1 & ! he>ts ( ! ,go?s became z wat] be=e ! tempe/ ( nations4 ,!y 7 sup]natural creatures1 ! ,go?s believ$1 eng5d]$ ( wit*es & demons on ! /eppes2 pig-ey$ hide\s be+s1 ) cakes in/ead ( faces1 '(fam magis quam faciem1' "u ratsk9 caps1 arm$ ) arr[s tipp$ ) bone1 & lassos ( cord1 eat+1 m>ket+1 sleep+ on horseback1 s gr[n into ! saddle t !y c\ld h>dly walk 9 _! huge boots4 ,) !m 7 ,acatzirs1 pa9t$ blue1 hair z well z sk92 ,alans1 w&]+ ) _! waggons l ! ,huns1 arm$ ) heavy cuirasses ( plait$ horn1 _! horses deck$ ) human scalps2 ,geloni arm$ ) a scy!1 wrapt 9 a cloak ( human sk92 ,bulg>s :o impal$ _! prison]s--savages innum]able z ! locu/ sw>ms4 ,:o c\ld /& aga9/ !m8 ,9 ! ye> #cge1 ! ,we/ ,go?s came d[n to ! ,danube-bank & entreat$ ! ,romans to let !m cross4 ,!re 0 a ,*ri/ian p>ty among !m1 p]secut$ by ! hea!ns1 & hop+ = protection f ,rome4 ,a?an>ic _h v[$ nev] to set foot on ,roman soil1 & aft] def5d+ himself aga9/ ! ,huns1 retir$ into ! =e/s ( ',caucal&4' ,good ,bi%op ,ulfilas & 8 conv]ts look$ long+ly t[>d ! ,*ri/ian ,empire4 ,surely ! ,*ri/ians w\ld receive !m z bro!rs1 welcome !m1 help !m4 ,! simple ,g]man fanci$ a ,roman ev5 su* a "o z !mselves4 ,ulfilas w5t on embassy to ,antio*1 to ,val5s ! ,emp]or4 ,val5s1 l[- born1 cruel1 & covet\s1 0 an ,arian1 & c\ld n lose ! opportunity ( mak+ conv]ts4 ,he s5t !ologians to meet ,ulfilas1 & torm5t him into ,arianism4 ,:5 he arriv$1 ,val5s torm5t$ him himself4 ,:ile ! ,go?s />v$ he argu$1 apo/asy 0 ! absolute condition ( 8 help1 till ,ulfilas1 9 a weak mom5t1 gave 8 ^w t ! ,go?s %\ld become ,arians1 if ,val5s w\ld give !m l&s on ! ,s\? bank ( ! ,danube4 ,!n !y w\ld be ! ,emp]or's m51 & gu>d ! m>*es aga9/ all foes4 ,f t "t ,arianism became ! cre$1 n only ( ! ,go?s1 b ( ! ,v&als1 ! ,sueves1 & almo/ all ! ,teutonic tribes4 ,x 0 7if ! /ory be true7 a s9ful & fooli% compact1 =c$ f a good man by ! sight ( 8 c\ntrym5's extreme dang] & mis]y4 ,x av5g$ itself1 soon en\gh1 ^u bo? ,go?s & ,romans4 ,to ! ,go?s !mselves ! *ange mu/ h seem$ n only unimportant1 b imp]ceptible4 ,unaccu/om$ to t accuracy ( ?\ght1 :i* is too (t5 sne]$ at by ,gibbon z 'metaphysical subtlety1' all ( :i* !y w\ld h be5 aw>e 0 ! *ange ( a few lett]s 9 a cre$ writt5 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,!y c\ld n "k1 7,ulfilas himself c\ld n h kn[n1 only two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,a?anasius at ,alex&ria2 :ile ! ,nicaean ,cre$ 0 z yet receiv$ by only half ( ! ,empire2 & :ile he mean:ile _h be5 toil+ = ye>s 9 ! ,danubian wilds1 ignorant p]haps ( ! controv]sy :i* _h mean:ile convuls$ ! ,*ur*7--nei!r ! ,go?s nor he1 ,i say1 c\ld h kn[n t ! ,arianism1 :i* !y embrac$1 0 really ! la/1 & z x 7 apologetic1 refuge ( dy+ ,poly!ism2 t x1 & n ! ,ca?olic ,fai?1 d5i$ ! abysmal unity ( ! ,godhead2 t by mak+ ! ,son inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 z t\*+ 8 ,godhead1 x inv5t$ two ,gods1 a great] & a less]1 ?us d5y+ ! absolut5ess1 ! inf9ity1 ! illimitability1 by any category ( quantity1 ( t ,"o ,et]nal1 ( :om x is writt51 t ,god is a ,_s4 ,/ill less c\ld !y h guess$ t :5 ,arius1 ! h&some popul> prea*] 7^: v "n1 p]haps1 ,ulfilas nev] he>d7 ask$ ! f9e ladies ( ,alex&ria--',_h y a son be=e t son 0 born8'--',no4' ',!n ,god c\ld h no son be=e t son 0 begott51 c4'--t he 0 m+l+ up ! idea ( ,"t ) ! idea ( t ,et]nal ,god :o creat$ ,"t1 & debas+ to ! accid5ts ( be=e & aft] t ,timeless & ,et]nal ,g5]ation1 ( :i* x is writt51 ',?\ art my ,son1 ?is day h ,i begott5 !e4' ,/ill less c\ld ,ulfilas1 or 8 ,go?s1 h kn[n1 t ! natural human t5d5cy to condition ,god by ,"t1 w\ld be1 9 lat] ages1 ev5 long aft] ,arianism 0 cru%$ utt]ly1 ! p>5t ( _m a cruel1 gross1 & /upid sup]/ition4 ,to !m x w\ld h be5 a m]e "q :e!r ,wod51 ! ,all-fa!r1 0 sup]ior to "o ( 8 sons1 ! ,asas3 & ! ,ca?olic fai? probably seem$ to !m an impi\s assumption ( equality1 on ! "p ( "o ( ^? ,asas1 ) ,wod5 himself4 ,( ! battle betwe5 ,arianism & ,or?odoxy ,i h said en\gh to %ew y t ,i ?9k x an int]nec9e battle betwe5 tru? & falsehood4 ,b x has be5 long ago judg$ by wag] ( battle3 by ! success ( t duel ( "t1 ( :i* we mu/ believe 7z our =efa!rs believ$ ( all fair duels7 t ,god def5ds ! "r4 ,s ! ,go?s 7 to come ov] ! ,danube /ream3 b !y mu/ give up _! arms1 & deliv] _! *ildr5 7^? ( rank1 "o supposes71 z ho/ages1 to be educat$ by ! ,romans1 z ,romans4 ,!y cross$ ! fatal riv]2 !y 7 :ole days 9 cross+2 ^? set to c\nt !m gave x up 9 despair2 ,ammianus says3 ',he :o wi%es to "k _! numb]1' ',libyci velit aequoris idem ,disc]e quam multae ,zephyro volvuntur ar5ae4' ,& :5 !y 7 across1 !y gave up ! *ildr54 ,!y _h n ! he>t to give up ! belov$ weapons4 ,! ,roman commission]s let !m keep ! arms1 at ! price ( _m a ,go?ic woman's hon\r4 ,ugly & f\l ?+s happ5$1 ( :i* we h only h9ts4 ,!n !y _h to be f$ = ! "t be+1 till !y c\ld cultivate _! l&4 ,lupic9us & ,maximus1 ! two gov]nors ( ,?race pocket$ ! funds :i* ,val5s s5t1 & />v$ ! ,go?s4 ,! m>kets 7 full ( c>rion & dogs' fle%4 ,any?+ 0 good en\gh = a b>b>ian4 ,_! fr+$ c>pets1 _! beautiful l95s1 all w5t4 ,a little :olesome meat co/ #aj p\nds ( silv]4 ,:5 all 0 gone1 !y _h to sell _! *ildr54 ,to e/abli% a slave-trade 9 ! beautiful boys & girls 0 j :at ! wick$ ,romans want$4 ,at la/ ! end came4 ,!y began to rise4 ,fridig]n1 _! k+1 kept !m quiet till ! "t 0 ripe = rev5ge4 ,! ,romans1 try+ to keep ! ,we/ ,go?s d[n1 got s confus$1 x seems1 t !y let ! :ole nation ( ! ,ea/ ,go?s 7( :om we %all he> m h]eaft]7 da% across ! ,danube1 & e/abli% !mselves 9 ! nor? ( ! pres5t ,turkey1 to ! ea/ ( ! ,we/ ,go?s4 ,!n at ,m>cianopolis1 ! capital ( ,l[] ,moesia1 ,lupic9us ask$ ,fridig]n & 8 *iefs to a fea/4 ,! />v+ ,go?s outside 7 refus$ supplies f ! m>ket1 & came to bl[s ) ! gu>ds4 ,lupic9us1 half drunk1 he>d ( x1 & gave ord]s = a massacre4 ,fridig]n escap$ f ! palace1 sword 9 h&4 ,! sm\ld]+ emb]s bur/ into flame1 ! w>-cry 0 rais$1 & ! villa9 ,lupic9us fl$ = 8 life4 ,!n began w> s\? ( ! ,danube4 ,! ,roman legions 7 defeat$ by ! ,go?s1 :o arm$ !mselves ) ! weapons ( ! dead4 ,moesia 0 ov]run ) fire & sword4 ,adrianople 0 attack$1 b 9 va94 ,! slaves 9 ! gold m9es 7 fre$ f _! mis]y1 & %ew$ ! ,go?s ! m\nta9-passes & ! /ores ( gra94 ,z !y w5t on1 ! ,go?s recov]$ _! *ildr54 ,! poor ?+s told horrid tales2 & ! ,go?s1 madd5$1 av5g$ !mselves on ! ,romans ( e age & sex4 ',!y left1' says ,/4 ,j]ome1 'no?+ alive--n ev5 ! bea/s ( ! field2 till no?+ 0 left b gr[+ brambles & ?ick =e/s4' ,val5s1 ! ,emp]or1 0 at ,antio*4 ,n[ he hurri$ to ,con/ant9ople1 b too late4 ,! ,ea/ ,go?s _h jo9$ ! ,we/ ,go?s2 & hordes ( ,huns1 ,alans1 & ,taifalae 7dete/able savages1 ( :om we "k no?+ b evil7 _h jo9$ ,fridig]n's conf$]acy4 ,gratian1 ,val5s' colleague & nephew1 son ( ,val5t9ian ! be>-w>d1 _h j won a great victory ov] ! ,allemanni at ,colm> 9 ,alsace2 & ,val5s 0 jeal\s ( 8 glory4 ,he is said to h be5 a virtu\s y\?1 ^: monomania 0 %oot+4 ,he fell 9 love ) ! wild ,alans1 9 spite ( _! horse-trapp+s ( scalps1 simply because ( _! skill 9 ar*]y2 =m$ a body-gu>d ( !m1 & pass$ 8 "t hunt+ ) !m r\nd ,p>is4 ,nev]!less1 he won ?is great victory by ! help1 x seems1 ( "o ,c\nt ,ricim] 7'ev]-p[]ful'71 ,c\nt ( ! ,dome/ics1 ^: "n proclaims him a ,g]man4 ,val5s 0 jeal\s ( ,gratian's fame2 he 0 /ung by ! reproa*es ( ! mob ( ,con/ant9ople2 & he und]valu$ ! ,go?s1 on acc\nt ( "s successes ( 8 lieut5ants1 :o _h recov]$ mu* ( ! plund] tak5 by !m1 & _h utt]ly ov]p[]$ ! f\l ,taifalae1 transport+ !m to l&s ab\t ,mod5a & ,p>ma 9 ,italy4 ,he reject$ ,c\nt ,ricim]'s advice to wait till ,gratian re9=c$ him ) ! victori\s we/]n legions1 & det]m9$ to give battle a few miles f ,adrianople4 ,_h he wait$ = ,gratian1 ! hi/ory ( ! :ole _w might h be5 diff]5t4 ,= on ! n9? ( ,augu/1 ,a4,d4 #cgh1 ! fatal day1 ! second ,cannae1 f :i* ,rome nev] recov]$ z f t fir/1 ! "y _w & ! old _w met1 & f\ght x out2 & ! "y _w won4 ,! light ,roman cavalry fl$ be=e ! long lances & heavy swords ( ! ,g]man knights4 ,! knights turn$ on ! infantry1 broke !m1 hunt$ !m d[n by *>ge aft] *>ge1 & left ! footm5 to f9i% ! "w4 ,two-?irds ( ! ,roman army 7 de/roy$2 f\r ,c\nts ( ! ,empire2 g5]als & (fic]s )\t numb]4 ,val5s fl$ w\nd$ to a cottage4 ,! ,go?s set x on fire1 & burn$ him & 8 /aff !re91 ignorant t !y _h 9 _! h&s ! ,emp]or ( ,rome4 ,v]ily !re is a ,god :o judge? ! e>?4 ,s ?\ght ! ,ca?olics ( t day1 :o saw 9 ! fe>ful dea? ( ,val5s a puni%m5t = 8 hav+ =c$ ! ,go?s to become ,arians4 ',x 0 j1' says "o1 't he %\ld burn on e>?1 by ^: c\nsels s _m b>b>ians w burn 9 hell = ev]4' ,!re are 7z ,i h %ewn7 /ill d>k] c\nts 9 ! conduct ( ! ,romans t[>d ! ,go?s2 en\gh 7if we believe our ,bibles7 to draw d[n on ! guilty ! swift & t]rible judgm5ts ( ,god4 ,at lea/1 ?is 0 ! second ,cannae1 ! dea?-w\nd ( ,rome4 ,f t day ! end 0 c]ta91 h[ev] sl[4 ,! ,teuton _h at la/ tri$ 8 /r5g? aga9/ ! ,roman4 ,! wild =e/-*ild _h f\nd himself sudd5ly at dea?-grips ) ! ,en*ant] :om he _h fe>$1 & almo/ wor%ipp$1 = s long2 & behold1 to 8 own wond]1 he 0 no m a *ild1 b gr[n into a man1 & ! /rong]1 if n ! cunn+] ( ! two4 ,!re _h be5 a spell ^u him2 ! ',romani nom9is umbra4' ,b f t day ! spell 0 brok54 ,he _h fac$ a ,roman ,emp]or1 a ,divus ,caes>1 ! man-god by ^: head all nations swore1 ri* ) ! magic weal?1 wise ) ! magic cunn+1 ( c5turies ( sup]human glory2 & he _h kill$ him1 & behold he di$1 l o!r m54 ,t he _h done4 ,:at 0 !re left = him n[ t he c\ld n d8 ,! /rong] he 01 b n yet ! cunn+] ( ! two4 ,! ,go?s c\ld d no m4 ,!y _h to leave ,adrianople beh9d !m1 ) ! ,emp]or's treasures safe )9 its walls2 to gaze ) *ildi% wond] at ! ,bosphorus & its palaces2 to recoil 9 awe f ! 'long walls' ( ,con/ant9ople1 & ! great /ones :i* ! eng9es !reon hurl$ at !m by 'arsmetricke & nigromancy1' z _! desc5dants believ$ ( ! ,roman me*anicians1 ev5 five hundr$ ye>s aft]2 to he> 7)\t be+ able to av5ge7 ! horrible news1 t ! ,go?ic lads di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ,asia1 to be educat$ z ,romans1 _h be5 decoy$ into ! cities by promises ( l&s & hon\rs1 & !n massacr$ 9 cold blood2 & !n to settle d[n1 leav+ _! *ildr5 unav5g$1 = tw5ty ye>s on ! ri* l& :i* we n[ call ,turkey 9 ,europe1 wait+ till ! "t 0 come4 ,wait+1 ,i say1 till ! "t 0 come4 ,! fix$ idea t ,rome1 if n ,con/ant9ople1 c\ld be tak5 at la/1 probably nev] left ! m9ds ( ! lead+ ,go?s aft] ! battle ( ,adrianople4 ,! alt]$ policy ( ! ,caes>s 0 en\gh ( itself to keep t idea alive4 ,s f> f expell+ !m f ! c\ntry :i* !y _h seiz$1 ! new ,emp]or began to flatt] & to hon\r !m4 ,!y _h be5 h]et(ore reg>d$ z savages1 ei!r to be driv5 back by ma9 =ce1 or tempt$ to enli/ 9 ! ,roman ranks4 ,!odosius reg>d$ !m z a nation1 & "o :i* x 0 8 int]e/ to hire1 to tru/1 to indulge at ! exp5se ( 8 ,roman subjects4 ,!odosius has receiv$ ! surname ( ,great--seem+ly by comp>ison2 ',int] caecos luscus rex2' & x 0 highly cr$itable to a ,roman ,emp]or 9 ^? days to be nei!r ruffian nor villa91 b a h&some1 highbr$1 c\rte\s g5tleman1 pure 9 8 dome/ic life1 an or?odox ,*ri/ian1 & suffici5tly ob$i5t to ! ,*ur* to =give ! monks :o _h burnt a ,jewi% synagogue1 & to d p5ance 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,milan = ! massacre ( ,!ssalonica4 ,t ! morals ( ! ,empire 7if ,zosimus is to be at all believ$7 grew m & m effem9ate1 corrupt1 reckless2 t ! soldi]s 7if ,vegetius is to be believ$7 actually laid aside1 by royal p]mission1 _! helmets & cuirasses1 z too heavy = _! deg5]ate bodies2 t ! ,roman heavy infantry1 :i* _h conqu]$ ! _w1 ceas$ to exi/1 :ile its place 0 tak5 by t ,teutonic heavy cavalry1 :i* decid$ e battle 9 ,europe till ! ,engli% yeoman1 at ,crecy & ,poicti]s1 turn$ aga9 ! balance ( arms 9 fav\r ( ! m5 :o f\ght on foot2 t ! ,go?s became ! 'fo$]ati' or allies ( ! ,empire1 paid to fight its battles aga9/ ,maximus ! ,spani>d1 & ,arboga/ ! ,frank1 ! rebels :o1 aft] ! murd] ( "y ,gratian1 attempt$ to set up a sep>ate empire 9 ! we/2 t ,/ili*o ! ,v&al 0 ! ,emp]or's tru/$ fri5d1 & ma/] ( ! horse2 t ,al>ic ! ,bal?1 & o!r noble ,go?s1 7 le>n+ to comb9e ) _! native c\rage ^? ,roman tactics :i* !y only ne$$ to become ma/]s ( ! _w2 t 9 all cities1 ev5 9 ! ,royal ,palace1 ! huge ,go? swagg]$ 9 ,roman co/ume1 8 neck & arms heavy ) gold5 torcs & bracelets2 or ev5 7z 9 ! case ( ,fravitta & ,priulf7 /abb$ 8 enemy ) impunity at ! imp]ial table2 t ,greek text1 to di/urb ! ,go?s1 0 a deadly (f5ce ?r\gh\t ! ,empire3 all ^! ?+s did n prev5t a ?\s& new /atues f ris+ 9 hon\r ( ! great ,caes>1 & excit$ no?+ m ?an grumbl+s ( impot5t jeal\sy f a p ^: maxim _h become1 ',let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die4' ,?ree anecdotes w illu/rate suffici5tly ! policy ( ,!odosius t[>d 8 inconv5i5t gue/s4 ,t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign1 :5 ! ,go?s1 aft] ! dea? ( ! great ,fridig]n1 7 brok5 up1 & qu>rel+ among !mselves1 he tempt$ a royal ,amal1 ,mod> by "n1 by ! title ( ,ma/]-,g5]al1 to attack & slaught] 9 _! sleep a rival tribe ( ,go?s1 & c>ry (f an imm5se spoil to ! imp]ial camp4 ,to de/roy ! ,g]man by ! ,g]man 0 s old a me?od ( ! ,roman policy1 t x 0 n consid]$ d]ogatory to ! 'greatness' ( ,!odosius4 ,! old ,a?an>ic1 ! ,!rv+--he :o _h sworn nev] to set foot on ,roman soil1 & _h burnt !m :o w\ld n fall d[n & wor%ip be=e ,wod5's waggon1 came ov] ! ,danube1 out ( ! =e/s ( ',caucal&1' & put himself at ! head ( ! ,go?s4 ,! great ,caes> trembl$ be=e ! hea!n h]o2 & !y made peace toge!r2 & old ,a?an>ic w5t to him at ,con/ant9ople1 & !y became z fri5ds4 ,& ! ,romani nom9is umbra1 ! glam\r ( ! ,roman "n1 fell on ! old man1 too feeble n[ to fight2 & z he look$1 says ,jorn&es1 on ! site ( ! city1 & on ! fleets ( %ips1 & ! _w-fam\s walls1 & ! p f all ! nations ^u e>?1 he said1 ',n[ ,i behold :at ,i h (t5 he>d tell1 & nev] believ$4 ,! ,kais] is a ,god on e>?1 & he :o %all lift 8 h& aga9/ him1 is guilty ( 8 own blood4' ,! old h]o di$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & ! really good-natur$ ,emp]or gave him a gr& fun]al1 & a /atue1 & s delight$ ! simple ,go?s1 t ! :ole nation ent]$ 8 s]vice bodily1 & became ! ,emp]or's m54 ,! fam\s massacre ( ,!ssalonica1 & ! p5ance ( ,!odosius1 immortaliz$ by ! p5cil ( ,v&yke1 is ano!r significant example ( ! relation betwe5 ,go? & ,roman4 ,"o ,bo!ric 7a ,v&al or o!r ,teuton by 8 "n7 0 milit>y comm&ant ( t important po/4 ,he put 9 prison a popul> *>iote] ( ! circus1 = a crime = :i* ! ,teutonic language _h to borr[ a =eign "n1 & :i* ! ,teutons1 l ourselves1 puni%$ ) dea?1 ?\gh x 0 committ$ ) impunity 9 any ,roman city4 ,at ! public games1 ! base mob clam\r$1 b 9 va91 = ! release ( _! fav\rite2 & n gett+ him1 rose on ,bo!ric1 murd]$ him & 8 (fic]s1 & dragg$ _! corpses ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,?is 0 inde$ ,greek text2 & ,!odosius1 p>tly 9 hone/ indignation1 p>tly p]haps 9 fe> ( ! consequ5ces1 issu$ ord]s f ,milan :i* seem to h am\nt$ to a p]mission to ! ,go?s to av5ge !mselves4 ,! populace 7 invit$ z usual to ! games ( ! circus1 & cr[d$ 91 =getful ( _! crime1 he$less ( dang]1 absorb$ 9 ! "o gre$ ( frivol\s1 if n s9ful pleasure4 ,! ,go?ic troops conceal$ ar\nd ent]$1 & !n began a 'murd] grim & great4' ,= ?ree h\rs x la/$4 ,e age & sex1 innoc5t or guilty1 native or =eign]1 to ! numb] ( at lea/ #g1jjj1 p]i%$1 or are said to h p]i%$2 & ! s\l ( ,bo!ric _h 'good company on its way to ,valhalla4' ,! ,go?s1 d\btless1 consid]$ t !y 7 p]=m+ an act ( public ju/ice ^u villa9s3 b ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,*ur* look$ at ! matt] 9 ano!r light4 ,! circum/ances ( trea*]y1 ! confusion ( ! innoc5t ) ! guilty1 ! want ( any judicial exam9ation & s5t5ce1 ar\s$ _! s5se ( humanity & ju/ice4 ,! (f5ce 0 aggravat$ by ! ?\ght t ! victims 7 ,roman & or?odox1 ! murd]]s b>b>ians & ,arians2 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ) a noble c\rage1 /opp$ ! ,emp]or at ! door ( ! ,basilica ( ,milan1 & =bad him to ent]1 till he _h aton$ = ! fatal ord] by public p5ance4 ,! ,caes> submitt$ nobly to ! noble dem&2 & ! rep5tance ( ,!odosius is ! la/ sc5e 9 ! d[nw>d c>e] ( ! ,caes>s1 :i* c call =? a feel+ ( admiration & respect4 ,9 ,janu>y #cie ,!odosius di$2 & aft] him came ! deluge4 ,! ,empire 0 p>t$ betwe5 8 two wor?less sons4 ,honorius _h ! we/1 ,arcadius ! ea/2 :ile ! real ma/] ( ! ,empire 0 ,/ili*o ! ,v&al1 ^: virtues & val\r & mighty /ature are sung 7& n undes]v$ly7 9 ! pomp\s v]ses ( ,claudian4 ,( ! confusion :i* ensu$2 ( ! murd] 7well-des]v$7 ( ,ruf9us1 ! infam\s m9i/] ^: dev\t hypocrisy _h s long cajol$ ,!odosius2 ( ! revolt & atrocities ( ,gildo 9 ,africa1 y mu/ read 9 ! pages ( ,gibbon4 ,^! lectures conf9e !mselves1 at pres5t1 to ! hi/ory ( ! ,go?s4 ,9 ,janu>y #cie1 ,i said1 ,!odosius di$4 ,be=e ! end ( ! w9t] ! ,go?s 7 9 arms1 ) ,al>ic ! ,bal? at _! head4 ,!y _h be5 refus$1 at lea/ = ! "t1 ! paym5t ( _! usual subsidy4 ,he _h be5 refus$ ! comm& ( ! ,roman armies4 ,any excuse 0 suffici5t4 ,! fruit 0 ripe = pluck+4 ,! wrongs ( c5turies 7 to be av5g$4 ,o!r tribes cro/ ! ,danube on ! ice1 & jo9$ ! ,go?s2 & ! mighty ho/ swept d[n ?r\gh ,greece1 pass+ ,!rmopylae unoppos$1 ransom+ ,a!ns 7:]e ,al>ic enjoy$ a ,greek ba? & a public banquet1 & tri$ to behave = a day l a ,roman g5tleman72 sack+ ,cor9?1 ,argos1 ,sp>ta1 & all ! cities & villages f> & wide1 & c>ry+ (f plund] ine/imable1 & troops ( captive wom54 ,/ili*o ?rew himself into ! ,peloponnese at ,cor9? to cut (f ! ,go?s1 & aft] heavy fight+1 ,al>ic1 :o seems to h be5 a really great g5]al1 out-manoeuvr$ him1 cro/ ! ,gulf ( ,cor9? at ,rhium1 ) all 8 plund] & captives1 & got safe away into nor!rn ,greece4 ,!re ,arcadius1 ! t]rifi$ ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/1 puni%$ him = hav+ deva/at$ ,greece1 by appo9t+ him ,ma/]-,g5]al ( ! v c\ntry :i* he _h ravag$4 ,! end 0 com+ v ne>4 ,! ,go?s lift$ him on ! %ield1 & proclaim$ him ,k+ ( ! ,we/ ,go?s2 & !re he /aid1 some:]e ab\t ! head ( ! ,adriatic1 pois$ l an eagle 9 mid-air1 wat*+ ,rome on "o side1 & ,byzant on ! o!r1 unc]ta9 on :i* qu>ry he %\ld swoop4 ,he made up 8 m9d = ,rome4 ,he w\ld be ! man to d ! de$ at la/4 ,!re 0 a saga 9 :i* he tru/$4 ,claudian gives x 9 an hexamet]1 ',alpibus ,italiae ruptis p5etrabis ad urbem4' ,yes1 he w\ld take ,! ,city1 & av5ge ! trea*]y ( ,val5s1 & all ! wrongs :i* ,teutons _h endur$ f ! ,romans = n[ f\r c5turies4 ,& he did x4 ,b n ! fir/ "t4 ,he swept ov] ! ,alps4 ,honorius fl$ to ,a/a1 & ,al>ic besieg$ him !re4 ,! fai?ful ,/ili*o came to ! rescue2 & ,al>ic 0 driv5 to extremities4 ,8 w>riors c\nsell$ him to retreat4 ,no1 he w\ld take ,rome1 or die4 ,b at ,poll5tia1 ,/ili*o surpris$ him1 :ile he & 8 ,go?s 7 celebrat+ ,ea/] ,sunday1 & a fe>ful battle foll[$4 ,! ,romans /orm$ 8 camp1 recov]$ ! spoils ( ,greece1 & took 8 wife1 deck$ 9 ! jewels 9 :i* %e meant to ent] ,rome4 ,"o longs to "k :at became ( h]4 ,at lea/1 s say ! ,romans3 ! ,go?s tell a v diff]5t /ory2 & "o suspects t ,poll5tia may be "o m ( ^? spl5did pap] victories1 9 :i* ! ,teutons 7 utt]ly ext]m9at$1 only to rise out ( ! gr\nd1 seem+ly /rong] & m num]\s ?an ev]4 ,at lea/1 in/ead ( turn+ 8 head to ! ,alps1 he w5t on t[>d ,rome4 ,/ili*o d>$ n fight him aga91 & b\ght him (f4 ,he turn$ nor?w>d t[>d ,gaul1 & at ,v]ona ,/ili*o got him at an advantage1 & f\ght him once m1 & if we are to believe ,ros9o & ,claudian1 beat him aga94 ',taceo de ,al>ico1 saepe victo1 saepe concluso1 semp]que dimisso4' ',x is ill "w trapp+ an eagle1' says "s "o4 ,:5 y h caught him1 ! safe/ ?+ v (t5 is to let him g aga94 ,mean:ile p\r$ d[n into ,italy1 z f> z ,flor5ce 7a m]ely unimportant episode 9 ^? fe>ful days71 ano!r wave ( ,g]man invad]s "u "o ,radoga/1 #bjj1jjj /rong4 ,"u ! walls ( ,flor5ce !y sat d[n1 & p]i%$ ( w9e1 & heat1 & dys5t]y4 ,l wat] !y fl[$ 91 & l wat] !y sank into ! soil3 & e "o ( !m a human s\l4 ,/ili*o & ,honorius w5t to ,rome1 & celebrat$ _! triumph ov] ! ,go?s1 ) 7= ! la/ "t 9 hi/ory7 gladiatorial sports4 ,?ree ye>s pa/1 & !n ,/ili*o 0 duly rew>d$ = hav+ sav$ ,rome1 9 ! approv$ me?od = e great b>b>ian :o 0 fool en\gh to help ! trea*]\s ,roman2 namely1 by be+ murd]$4 ,al>ic rose in/antly1 & ) him all ! ,go?ic tribes4 ,d[n ?r\gh ,italy he pa/1 almo/ )\t /rik+ a bl[4 ,rav5na1 infam\s1 accord+ to ,sidonius1 = its pr(ligacy1 :]e ! ,emp]or's c\rt 01 he pa/ disda9fully1 & sat d[n be=e ! walls ( ,rome4 ,he did n try to /orm x4 ,probably he c\ld n4 ,he _h no su* ma*9es1 z ^? ) :i* ! ,romans batt]$ walls4 ,quietly he sat1 he & 8 ,go?s1 'z wolves wait r\nd ! dy+ buffalo2' wait+ = ! ,romans )9 to />ve & die4 ,!y did />ve & die2 m5 murd]$ ea* o!r = food2 mo!rs ate _! own babes2 b !y s5t out embassies1 boa/+ ( _! /r5g? & numb]s4 ,al>ic laugh$1--',! ?ick] ! hay1 ! easi] x is m[$4' ,:at t]ms w\ld he take8 ',all y\r gold1 all y\r silv]1 ! be/ ( y\r preci\s ?+s4 ,all y\r b>b>ian slaves4' ,t la/ is significant4 ,he w\ld deliv] 8 own fle% & blood4 ,! ,teuton man %\ld be free4 ,! trolls %\ld drag no m ( ! =e/ *ildr5 into _! accurs$ d54 ',:at !n w y leave u8' ',y\r lives4' ,!y b\ght him (f ) a qua9t ransom3 #ejjj p\nds weight ( gold1 #cj1jjj ( silv]1 #djjj robes ( silk1 #cjjj pieces ( sc>let clo?1 & #cjjj lbs4 ( pepp]1 possibly spices ( all k9ds4 ,gold1 & f9]y1 & spices--gifts fit = *ildr51 su* z ^? ,go?s 74 ,b he got1 too1 #dj1jjj ,teuton slaves safe out ( ! evil place1 & embodi$ !m into 8 army4 ,he _h n[ #ajj1jjj fight+ m54 ,:y did he n set up z k+ ( ,italy8 ,0 x t ! awe ( ! place1 ! pre/ige ( ! ,roman "n1 c[$ him8 ,x c[$ ea* ( ! ,teutonic invad]s successively4 ,to make !mselves emp]ors ( ,rome 0 a ?+ ( :i* !y d>$ n dream4 ,be t z x may1 all he ask$ 01 to be receiv$ z "s sort ( vassal ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! ,ma/]-,g5]al%ip ( ,italy1 subsidies = 8 army1 an indep5d5t comm& 9 ! ,tyrolese c\ntry1 :5ce he _h come1 7 8 dem&4 ,ov]bl[n ) self-conceit1 ! ,romans refus$ him4 ,!y w\ld li/5 to no conditions4 ,!y 7 9 a ?or\ghly ,*9ese temp]4 ,y w f9d ! ,byzant9e empire 9 ! same temp] c5turies aft]2 bl9d$ to pres5t weakness by ! traditions ( _! =efa!rs' /r5g?4 ,!y _h wor%ipp$ ! bea/4 ,n[ t only 8 image 0 left1 !y wor%ipp$ t4 ,al>ic seiz$ ,o/ia1 & cut (f _! supplies4 ,!y tri$ to appease him by de?ron+ ,honorius1 & sett+ up "s puppet ,attalus4 ,al>ic f\nd him plott+2 or said t he _h done s2 & degrad$ him publicly at ,rim9i be=e 8 :ole army4 ,aga9 he (f]$ peace4 ,! insane ,romans proclaim$ t 8 guilt preclud$ him = ev] f ! clem5cy ( ! ,empire4 ,!n came ! end4 ,he m>*$ on ,rome4 ,! ,sal>ian gate 0 ?r[n op5 at midnight1 probably by ,g]man slaves )92 & !n1 = five dreadful days & nights1 ! wick$ city expiat$ 9 agony ! s9s ( c5turies4 ,& s at la/ ! ,nibelung5 ho>d 0 won4 ',& ! k+s ( ! e>? :o _h liv$ delicately ) h]1 & ! m]*ants ( ! e>? :o 7 made ri* by h]1 bewail$ h]1 /&+ af> (f = ! fe> ( h] torm5t1 & cry+1 ,alas6 alas1 t great ,babylon6 = 9 "o h\r is ?y judgm5t come4' ,/4 ,john passes 9 ^? words f ! region ( symbol to t ( lit]al description4 ,a great horror fell ^u all nations1 :5 ! news came4 ,rome tak58 ,surely ! end ( all ?+s 0 at h&4 ,! wret*$ fugitives p\r$ into ,egypt & ,syria--especially to ,j]usalem2 p]haps ) "s sup]/iti\s hope t ,*ri/'s tomb1 or ev5 ,*ri/ himself1 might save !m4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 z he saw day by day patrician m5 & wom5 :o _h pass$ _! lives 9 luxury1 begg+ _! bread ar\nd 8 h]mitage at ,be?lehem1 wrote ( ! fall ( ,rome z a man a/oni$4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 at ,hippo1 c\ld only look on x z ! end ( all human p[] & glory1 p]haps ( ! e>? itself4 ,babylon ! great _h fall51 & n[ ,*ri/ 0 com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 to set up ! city ( ,god = ev]4 ,9 t ?\ght he wrote 8 ,de ,civitate ,dei4 ,read x1 g5tlem5--especially y :o are to be prie/s--n m]ely = its details ( ! fall ( ,rome1 b z ! noble/ !odicy :i* has yet proce$$ f a human p54 ,foll[$ by long tra9s ( captives1 long tra9s ( waggons be>+ ! spoils ( all ! _w1 ,al>ic w5t on ,s\?1 ') ! native in/9ct ( ! b>b>ian1' z ,dr4 ,%epp>d well says4 ,always t[>d ! sun4 ,away f ,muspelheim & ! d>k cold nor?1 t[>d ! sun1 & ,valhalla1 :]e ,od9 & ! ,asas dwell 9 ev]la/+ light4 ,he tri$ to cross into ,sicily3 b a /orm wreck$ 8 boats1 & ! ,go?s 7 afraid ( ! sea4 ,& aft] a :ile he di$4 ,& ! wild m5 made a great m\rn+ ov] him4 ,!y _h n[ no plan left2 no he>t to g s\?1 & look = ,od9 ov] ! sea4 ,b ( "o ?+ !y 7 resolv$1 t ! base ,romans %\ld n dig up ,al>ic out ( 8 b>r[ & scatt] 8 bones to ! w9ds4 ,s !y put no b>r[ ov] ! great k+2 b "u ! walls ( ,cos5za !y turn$ ! riv]-b$1 & 9 t riv]-b$ !y set ,al>ic1 arm$ & mail$1 upright ^u 8 horse1 ) gold1 & jewels1 & arms1 & x may be captive y\?s & maids1 t he might ent] into ,valhalla 9 royal pomp1 & make a wor?y %[ among ! h]oes 9 ,od9's hall4 ,& !n !y turn$ back ! riv] into its b$1 & slew ! slaves :o _h done ! "w1 t no man might "k :]e ,al>ic lies3 & no man does "k till ?is day4 ,z ,i said1 !y _h no plan left n[4 ,two ye>s !y /ay$ 9 ,campania1 bask+ 9 ! villas & g>d5s1 dr9k+ _! fill ( ! w9e2 & !n fl[$ away nor?w>d aga91 no "o kn[s :y4 ,!y _h no wi% to settle1 z !y might h done4 ,!y foll[$ "s ,god-giv5 in/9ct1 undiscov]able n[ by u4 ,ataulf1 ,al>ic's k9sman1 m>ri$ ,placidia1 ! ,emp]or's beautiful "y si/]1 & accept$ f him "s sort ( commission to fight aga9/ 8 enemies 9 ,gaul4 ,s to ! s\? ( ,gaul !y w5t1 & !n into ,spa91 cru%+ be=e !m ,alans1 ,sueves1 & ,v&als1 & qu>rell+ among !mselves4 ,ataulf 0 murd]$1 & all 8 *ildr52 ,placidia put to %ame4 ,!n %e _h h] rev5ge4 ,to me x is n s mu* horrible z pitiful4 ,!y _h got ! ,nibelung5 ho>d2 & ) x ! ,nibelung5 curse4 ,a hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ! ,franks pillag$ ! ,go?ic palace ( ,n>bonne1 !y f\nd ! remnants ( x4 ,?+s ine/imable1 indescribable2 tables ( solid em]ald2 ! ,missorium1 a di% #bejj lbs4 weight1 cov]$ ) all ! gems ( ,india4 ,!y _h be5 9 ,solomon's ,temple1 fanci$ ! simple ,franks--z inde$ "s ( !m may well h be54 ,! ,arabs got ! great em]ald table at la/1 ) its ?ree r[s ( great pe>ls4 ,:]e are !y all n[8 ,:at is become1 g5tlem51 ( ! treasures ( ,rome8 ,jewels1 recollect1 are all b inde/ructible2 recollect1 too1 t va/ quantities 7 buri$ f "t to "t1 & _! places =gott54 ,p]haps future g5]ations w discov] _m su* ho>ds4 ,mean:ile1 _m ( ^? same jewels mu/ be 9 actual use ev5 n[4 ,_m a gem :i* hangs n[ on an ,engli% lady's wri/ saw ,al>ic sack ,rome--& saw be=e & s9ce--,:at n8 ,! palaces ( ! ,ph>aohs1 or ( ,d>ius2 !n ! pomp ( ! ,ptolemies1 or ( ! ,seleucids--came into ,europe on ! neck ( "s vulg> drunk5 wife ( a ,roman proconsul1 to glitt] = a few c5turies at e gladiator's but*]y 9 ! amphi!atre2 !n w5t away ) ,placidia on a ,go?ic ox- waggon1 to pass into an ,arab s]aglio at ,seville2 & !n1 p]haps1 back f ,sultan to ,sultan aga9 to its native ,india1 to figure 9 ! peacock- ?rone ( ! ,great ,mogul1 & be b\ght at la/ by "s ,arm5ian = a few rupees f an ,engli% soldi]1 & come hi!r--& :i!r next8 ,:5 ,engl& %all be :at ,alex&ria & ,rome are n[1 t little /one w be z bright z ev]4--,an awful symbol1 if y w take x s1 ( ! p]man5ce ( ,god's works & ,god's laws1 amid ! wild *ance & *ange ( s9ful man4 ,!n foll[$ = ,rome ye>s ( peace1--su* peace z ! wick$ make = !mselves--,a tr\bl$ sea1 ca/+ up mire & dirt4 ,wick$ wom51 wick$ c\nts 7mayors ( ! palace1 "o may call !m7 l ,aetius & ,boniface1 ! real rul]s ( a nom9al ,empire4 ,puppet ,val5t9ian succe$$ 8 fa!r1 puppet ,honorius4 ,9 8 days appe>$ ano!r great port5t--ano!r comet1 sweep+ d[n out ( inf9ite space1 & back into inf9ite space aga94--,attila & 8 ,huns4 ,!y lay 9 innum]able hordes ^u ! ,danube1 until ,honoria1 ,val5t9ian's si/]1 conf9$ 9 a conv5t at ,con/ant9ople = "s pr(ligacy1 s5t h] r+ to ,attila4 ,he mu/ be h] *ampion1 & deliv] h]4 ,he paus$ a :ile1 l ,al>ic be=e him1 d\bt+ :e!r to da% on ,con/ant9ople or ,rome1 & at la/ decid$ = ,rome4 ,b he w\ld try ,gaul fir/2 & into ,gaul he p\r$1 ) all 8 ,t>t> hordes1 & ) !m all ! ,teuton tribes1 :o _h ga!r$ 9 8 progress1 z an avalan*e ga!rs ! sn[ 9 its c\rse4 ,at ! great battle ( ,*alons1 9 ! ye> #dea1 he f\ght x out3 ,hun1 ,sclav1 ,t>t>1 & ,f9n1 back$ by ,teutonic ,gepid & ,h]ule1 ,turkl+1 ,ea/ ,go? & ,lomb>d1 aga9/ ,roman & ,we/ ,go?1 ,frank & ,burgund1 & ! ,bretons ( ,armorica4 ,wick$ ,aetius %ew$ himself t day1 z always1 a g5]al & a h]o--! ,m>lbor\gh ( 8 "t--& conqu]$4 ,attila & 8 hordes roll$ away ea/w>d1 & into ,italy = ,rome4 ,t is ! ,hunn5s*la*t2 'a battle1' z ,jorn&es calls x1 'atrox1 multiplex1 immane1 p]t9ax4' ,antiquity1 he says1 tells ( no?+ l x4 ,no man :o _h lo/ t sight c\ld say t he _h se5 aught wor? see+4--,a fight gigantic1 sup]natural 9 va/ness & horror1 & ! leg5ds :i* /ill hang ab\t ! place4 ,y may see "o ( !m 9 ,von ,kaulba*'s immortal design--! gho/s ( ! ,huns & ! gho/s ( ! ,g]mans ris+ f _! graves on ! battle-night 9 e ye>1 to fight x ov] aga9 9 ! cl\ds1 :ile ! c\ntry f> & wide trembles at _! gho/ly hurrah4 ,no wond] m5 rememb] t ,hunn5s*la*t4 ,_m consid] t x sav$ ,europe2 t x 0 "o ( ! decisive battles ( ! _w4 ,n t ,attila 0 ru9$4 ,)9 ! ye> he _h swept ?r\gh ,g]many1 cross$ ! ,alps1 & deva/at$ ,italy almo/ to ! walls ( ,rome4 ,& !re ! great ,pope ,leo1 '! ,cic]o ( prea*+1 ! ,hom] ( !ology1 ! ,ari/otle ( true philosophy1' met ! wild hea!n3 & a sacr$ horror fell ^u ,attila1 & he turn$1 & w5t 8 way1 to die a ye> or two aft] no man kn[s h[4 ,ov] & above 8 innum]able wives1 he took a beautiful ,g]man girl4 ,:5 8 p came 9 ! morn+1 ! girl sat weep+1 or seem+ to weep2 b ,etzel1 ! sc\rge ( ,god1 lay dead 9 a pool ( gore4 ,%e said t he _h bur/ a blood- vessel4 ,! ,teutons :isp]$ among !mselves1 t l a free-born ,teuton1 %e _h sla9 h] tyrant4 ,"o longs to "k :at became ( h]4 ,& !n ! hordes broke up4 ,ard>i* rais$ ! ,teuton ,gepids & ,o/rogo?s4 ,! ,teutons :o _h obey$ ,attila1 turn$ on _! ,t>t> conqu]ors1 ! only p :o _h ev] subdu$ ,g]man m51 & !n only by brute =ce ( ov]p[]+ numb]s4 ,at ,netad1 ^u ! great pla9 betwe5 ! ,drave & ! ,danube1 !y f\ght ! second ,hunn5s*la*t1 & ! ,g]mans conqu]$4 ,?irty ?\s& ,huns fell on t dreadful day1 & ! re/ /ream$ away into ! he>t ( ,asia1 into ! inf9ite unkn[n des]ts f :5ce ! f\l miscreants _h /ream$ =?1 & left ! ,teutons ma/]s ( ! _w4 ,! battle ( ,netad2 t1 & n ,*alons1 to my m9d1 0 ! sav+ battle ( ,europe4 ,s ,rome 0 sav$2 b only = a few ye>s4 ,puppet ,val5t9ian rew>d$ ,aetius = sav+ ,rome1 by /abb+ ) 8 own h& 9 8 own palace1 ! h]o ( ,*alons2 & !n w5t on to fill up ! cup ( 8 iniquity4 ,x is all m l "s horrible romance ?an sob] hi/ory4 ,neglect+ 8 own wife ,eudoxia1 he took x into 8 wick$ head to ravi% h] intimate fri5d1 ! wife ( a s5ator4 ,maximus /abb$ him1 retaliat$ on ! beautiful empress1 & made himself ,emp]or4 ,%e s5t across ! seas to ,africa1 to ,g5s]ic ! ,v&al1 ! cruel tyrant & p]secutor4 ,he mu/ come & be h] *ampion1 z ,attila _h be5 ,honoria's4 ,& he came1 ) ,v&als1 ,moors1 nak$ ,ausurians f ! ,atlas4 ,! wret*$ ,romans1 9 _! t]ror1 tore ,maximus 9 pieces2 b x 0 too late4 ,eudoxia met ,g5s]ic at ! gates 9 royal robes & jewels4 ,he /ript h] ( h] jewels on ! spot1 & sack$ ,rome2 & t 0 h] rew>d4 ,?is is ! second sack4 ,m dreadful f> ?an ! fir/--#dee is its date4 ,!n x 0 t ! /atues1 ^: fragm5ts are /ill f\nd1 7 hurl$ 9 va9 on ! b>b>ian assailants4 ,n m]ely gold & jewels1 b ! art-treasures ( ,rome 7 c>ri$ (f to ! ,v&al fleet1 & ) !m ! gold5 table & ! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick :i* ,titus took f ! ,temple ( ,j]usalem4 ,h[ _h ^! ?+s escap$ ! ,go?s =ty ye>s be=e8 ,we _c tell4 ,p]haps ! ,go?ic sack1 :i* only la/$ five days1 0 less complete ?an ?is "o1 :i* w5t on = f\rte5 days ( unutt]able horrors4 ,! plund]]s 7 n ?is "t /urdy hone/ ,go?s2 n ev5 ,g]man slaves1 mad to rev5ge !mselves on _! ma/]s3 !y 7 ,moors1 ,ausurian black savages1 & all ! pirates & cut-?roats ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,sixty ?\s& prison]s 7 c>ri$ (f to ,c>?age4 ,all ! /atues 7 wreck$ on ! voyage to ,africa1 & lo/ = ev]4 ,& yet ,rome did n die4 ,%e l+]$ on2 h] ,emp]or /ill call+ himself an ,emp]or1 h] s5ate a s5ate2 fe$+ h] lazy plebs1 z be/ %e c\ld1 ) ! remnant ( ^? rev5ues :i* =m] ,emp]ors _h set aside = _! support--_! public bread1 public pork1 public oil1 public w9e1 public ba?s1--& leav+ !m to gamble & qu>rel1 & li/5 to ! lawy]s 9 rags & rascality1 & to rise & murd] rul] aft] rul]1 b5efactor aft] b5efactor1 out ( base jeal\sy & fe> ( any "o less base ?an !mselves4 ,& s '! smoke ( h] torm5t w5t up cont9ually4' ,b if ,rome w\ld n die1 /ill less w\ld %e rep5t2 z x is writt5--',! remnant ( ! p rep5t$ n ( _! de$s1 b gnaw$ _! tongues = pa91 & blasphem$ ! ,god ( heav54' ,z ! c5tury runs on1 ! confusion becomes m & m dreadful4 ,an!mius1 ,olybrius1 ,ore/es1 & ! o!r half-ca/e ,romans ) ,greek names :o become quasi-emp]ors & get murd]$2 ,ricim] ! ,sueve1 ! k+-mak] & k+-murd]]2 ev5 good ,majorian1 :o z puppet ,emp]or set up by ,ricim]1 tries to pass a few respectable laws1 & is only murd]$ all ! soon]4 ,none ( ^! ne$ deta9 u4 ,!y mean no?+1 !y repres5t no idea1 !y are simply kites & cr[s qu>rell+ ov] ! c>case1 & _c possibly tea* u any?+1 b ! t]rible lesson1 t 9 all revolutions ! wor/ m5 are c]ta9 to rise to ! top4 ,b only = a :ile1 g5tlem51 only = a :ile4 ,villany is by its v ess5ce self-de/ructive1 & if rogues h _! day1 ! "t comes :5 rogues fall out1 & hone/ m5 come by _! own4 ,t day1 h[ev]1 0 n come = wret*$ ,rome4 ,a ?ird "t %e 0 sack$ by ,ricim] h] own g5]al2 & !n m villa9s rul$ h]2 & m kites & cr[s plund]$ h]4 ,! la/ ( !m only ne$ keep u a :ile4 ,he is ,odoac]1 ! giant ,h]ule1 ,h\d-y-wack]1 z "s say 8 "n really is1 a s\briquet p]haps f 8 w>-cry1 ',hold ye /\tly1' ',/& y /eady4' ,8 fa!r 0 ,a,edecon1 ,attila's secret>y1 *ief ( ! little ,turkl+ tribe1 :o1 ?\gh ,teutonic1 _h clung fai?fully to ,attila's sons1 & aft] ! battle ( ,netad1 came to ru94 ,!re are /range /ories ( ,odoac]4 ,"o f ! ,lives ( ,/4 ,sev]9us1 h[ ,odoac] & 8 bro!rs />t$ ov] ! ,alps1 knapsacks at back1 to seek _! =tunes 9 ,italy1 & take s]vice ) ! ,romans2 & h[ !y came to ,/4 ,sev]9us' cell ne> ,vi5na1 & w5t 91 hea!ns z !y probably 71 to get a bless+ f ! holy h]mit2 & h[ ,odoac] _h to /oop1 & /& /oop+1 s huge he 04 ,& h[ ! sa9t saw t he 0 no common lad1 & said1 ',g into ,italy1 clo!d 9 ?y ragg$ %eep-sk9s3 ?\ %alt soon give great] gifts to ?y fri5ds4' ,s he w5t1 & 8 bro!r ) him4 ,"o ( !m at lea/ ought to int]e/ u4 ,he 0 ,onulf1 ,hunwulf1 ,wulf1 ,guelph1 ! ,wolf-cub1 :o w5t away to ,con/ant9ople1 & saw /range ?+s1 & did /range ?+s likewise1 & at la/ got back to ,g]many1 & settl$ 9 ,bav>ia1 & became ! ance/or ( all ! ,guelphs1 & ( ,victoria1 que5 ( ,engl&4 ,8 son1 ,wulfgang1 f\ght "u ,belis>ius aga9/ ! ,go?s2 8 son aga91 ,ulgang1 "u ,belis>ius aga9/ ,p]sian & ,lomb>d2 8 son or gr&son 0 ,que5 ,brunhilda's confidant 9 ,france1 & became ,duke ( ,burgundy2 & aft] t ! =tunes ( 8 family 7 mix$ up ) ! ,m]ov+ian k+s ( ,france1 & !n aga9 ) ! ,lomb>ds 9 ,italy1 till "o ( !m em]ges z ,guelf1 c\nt ( ,altorf1 ! ance/or ( our ,guelphic l9e4 ,b to return to ,odoac]4 ,he came to ,rome1 seek+ 8 =tune4 ,!re he f\nd 9 p[] ,ore/es1 8 fa!r's old colleague at ,attila's c\rt1 ! mo/ unpr9cipl$ turn-coat ( 8 day2 :o _h be5 ! ,emp]or's man1 !n ,attila's man1 & w\ld be anybody's man if ne$$3 b :o 0 n[ 8 own man1 be+ k+-mak] = ! "t be+1 & fa!r ( ! puppet ,emp]or1 ,romulus ,augu/ulus1 a pretty little lad1 ) an om9\s "n4 ,odoac] took s]vice "u ,ore/es 9 ! bodygu>ds1 became a great w>rior & popul>2 wat*$ 8 "t2 & :5 ,ore/es refus$ ! m]c5>ies1 ,h]ules1 ,rugians1 ,scyr+s1 ,turkl+s & ,alans--all ! weak or half-ca/e fronti] tribes :o _h z yet little or no %>e 9 ! spoils ( ,italy--_! dem& ( ! ?ird ( ! l&s ( ,italy1 he betray$ 8 b5efactor2 promis$ ! m]c5>ies to d = !m :at ,ore/es w\ld n1 & raises 8 fam\s b& ( conf$]ates4 ,at la/ he call$ himself ,k+ ( ,nations1 burnt ,pavia1 & murd]$ ,ore/es1 z a due rew>d = 8 b5efits4 ,/ript ( 8 purple1 ! la/ ,emp]or ( ,rome knelt cry+ at ! feet ( ! ,g]man giant1 & begg$ n to be murd]$ l 8 fa!r4 ,& ! great wild bea/'s h>d he>t smote him1 & he s5t ! poor little lad away1 to live 9 weal? & peace 9 ,lucullus' villa at ,mis5um1 ) pl5ty ( money1 & wom51 & gewgaws1 to dream away 8 fooli% life look+ out ov] ! fair bay ( ,naples--! la/ ,emp]or ( ,rome4 ,!n ,odoac] set to "w1 & n altoge!r ill4 ,he gave 8 conf$]ates ! ?ird ( ,italy1 9 fief "u himself z k+1 & = f\rte5 ye>s 7n )\t ! help ( a few m murd]s7 he kept "s sort ( rude ord] & ju/ice 9 ! wret*$ l&4 ,rememb] him1 =1 bad man z he is1 he does repres5t a pr9ciple4 ,he initiat$1 by t gift ( ! l&s to 8 soldi]s1 ! feudal sy/em 9 ,italy4 ,i d n mean t he inv5t$ x4 ,x seems r to be a primaeval ,g]man =m1 z old z ! days ( ,tacitus1 :o describes1 if y w recollect1 ! ,g]man w>-k+s z p>t+ ! conqu]$ l&s among _! 'comites1' ?anes1 or companions 9 arms4 ,s we leave ,odoac] k+ ( ,italy1 = f\rte5 ye>s1 little dream+1 p]haps1 ( ! day :5 z he _h done unto o!rs s %\ld x be done to him4 ,b = t tale ( j & t]rible retribution y mu/ wait till ! next lecture4 ,& n[1 to refre% u ) a gleam ( :olesome humanity aft] all ^! horrors1 let u turn to our wor?y ,we/ ,go? c\s9s = a :ile4 ,!y h /opt cutt+ ea* o!r's ?roats1 settl$ !mselves 9 ,nor? ,spa9 & ,s\? ,france1 & good bi%op ,sidonius gets to l !m4 ,!y are j & hone/ m5 on ! :ole1 k9dly1 & respectable 9 morals1 liv+ accord+ to _! /range old ,go?ic ,law4 ,b above all ,sidonius likes _! k+--,!odoric is 8 "n4 ,a man ( blood he has be5 9 8 y\?3 b he has settl$ d[n1 l 8 p2 & "h is a picture ( him4 ,a real photograph ( a live old ,go?1 ne>ly #adjj ye>s ago4 ,gibbon gives a good translation ( x4 ,i w give y "o1 b ,sidonius is prolix & florid1 & ,i h _h to cond5se4 ,a middle-siz$1 /\t man1 ( great bread? ( *e/1 & ?ickness ( limb1 a l>ge h&1 & a small foot1 curly hair$1 bu%y eye-br[$1 ) rem>kably l>ge eyes & eyelids1 hook-nos$1 ?9-lipp$2 brilliant1 *e]ful1 impassion$1 full ( heal? & /r5g? 9 m9d & body4 ,he goes to *apel be=e day-light1 sits till eight do+ ju/ice1 :ile ! cr[d1 let into a lattic$ enclosure1 is admitt$ "o by "o beh9d a curta9 into ! pres5ce4 ,at eight he leaves ! ?rone1 & goes ei!r to c\nt 8 money1 or look at 8 horses4 ,if he hunts1 he ?9ks x undignifi$ to c>ry 8 b[1 & womani% to keep x /rung1 a boy c>ries x beh9d him2 & :5 game gets up1 he asks y 7or ! ,bi%op1 :o seems to h gone hunt+ ) him7 :at y w\ld wi% him to aim at2 /r+s 8 b[1 & !n 7says ,sidonius7 nev] misses 8 %ot4 ,he d9es at noon1 quietly 9 g5]al1 magnific5tly on ,saturdays2 dr9ks v little1 & in/ead ( sleep+ aft] d9n]1 plays at tables & dice4 ,he is passionately fond ( 8 game1 b nev] loses 8 temp]1 jok+ & talk+ to ! dice1 & to e "o r\nd him1 ?r[+ aside royal sev]ity1 & bidd+ all be m]ry 7says ! bi%op72 =1 to speak my m9d1 :at he is afraid ( is1 t p %\ld be afraid ( him4 ,if he w9s he is 9 imm5se good hum\r2 !n is ! "t to ask fav\rs ( him2 &1 says ! crafty bi%op1 _m a "t h ,i lo/ ! game1 & won my cause !reby4 ,at ?ree beg9s aga9 ! toil ( /ate4 ,! knock]s return1 & ^? :o %ove !m away return too2 ev]y:]e ! litigi\s cr[d murmurs r\nd2 & foll[s him at ev5+1 :5 he goes to supp]1 or gets its matt]s settl$ by ! (fic]s ( ! c\rt1 :o h to /ay !re till b$- "t4 ,at supp]1 ?\gh !re are b r>ely 'mimici sales1' :i* ,i _c translate--"s sort ( je/+3 b bit+ & cruel insults 7common at ! fea/s ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors7 are nev] all[$4 ,8 ta/e 9 music is sev]e4 ,no wat]-organs1 flute-play]1 lyri/1 cymbal or h>p-play+ woman is all[$4 ,all he delights 9 is ! old ,teutonic music1 ^: virtue 7says ! bi%op7 soo!s ! s\l no less ?an does its s\nd ! e>4 ,:5 he rises f table ! gu>ds = ! night are set1 & arm$ m5 /& at all ! doors1 to wat* him ?r\gh ! fir/ h\rs ( sleep4 ,,lecture ,,iv4--,,! ,,go?ic ,,civiliz] ,let u foll[ ! =tunes ( ,italy & ( ,rome4 ,!y are n only a type ( ! =tunes ( ! :ole we/]n _w1 b ! =tunes ( t _w1 z y w see1 dep5d on ,rome4 ,y mu/ recollect1 mean:ile1 t by ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury1 ! ,we/]n ,empire _h ceas$ to exi/4 ,! ,angles & ,saxons 7 fight+ _! way into ,brita94 ,! ,franks 7 settl$ 9 nor? ,france & ! l[] ,rh9el&4 ,s\? ( !m1 ! c5tre ( ,gaul /ill rema9$ ,roman1 gov]n$ by ,c\nts ( cities1 :o 7 all b indep5d5t sov]eigns1 :ile !y confess$ a nom9al allegiance to ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,_! p[] 0 de/9$ soon to be annihilat$ by ! conque/s ( ,clovis & 8 ,franks--z false & cruel ruffians z _! sa9t$ k+1 ! fir/-born son ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! hi/ory ( ,gaul = "s c5turies becomes h5ce=? a tissue ( int]nec9e horrors1 :i* y mu/ read = y\rselves 9 ! pages ( ,m4 ,sismondi1 or ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs4 ,! ,allemanni 7^: "n has become among ! ,franks ! g5]al "n = ,g]mans7 held ! l&s f ! ,ma9e to ! ,rhaetian ,alps4 ,! ,burgunds1 ! l&s to ! s\?- we/ ( !m1 compris+ ! great] "p ( s\?-ea/ ,gaul4 ,! ,we/ ,go?s held ! s\?-we/ ( ,gaul1 & ! great] "p ( ,spa91 hav+ ?ru/ ! ,sueves1 & ) !m "s ,alans1 into ,gallicia1 ,a/urias1 & ,portugal2 & ?ru/1 also1 ! ,v&als across ! /raits ( ,gibralt>1 to f\nd a prosp]\s k+dom along ! nor!rn %ore ( ,africa4 ,! ,ea/ ,go?s1 mean:ile1 aft] v>i\s w&]+s to ! nor? ( ! ,alps1 lay 9 ! pres5t ,au/ria & 9 ! ,danube l&s1 re/+ aft] _! great /ruggle ) ! ,huns1 & _! cr[n+ victory ( ,netad4 ,to foll[ ! =tunes ( ,italy1 we mu/ foll[ ^? ( ^! ,ea/ ,go?s1 & especially ( "o man among !m1 ,!odoric1 kn[n 9 ,g]man song z ,dietri* ( ,b]n or ,v]ona4 ,int]e/+ exce$+ly to u %\ld ?is great h]o be4 ,no man's hi/ory bett] %[s ! /range relations betwe5 ! ,teutons & ! dy+ ,empire3 b m2 8 life is ! fir/ in/ance ( a ,teuton attempt+ to f\nd a civiliz$ & ord]$ /ate1 ^u exp]i5ce drawn f ,roman s\rces2 ( ! "y _w try+ to build itself up "s sort ( dwell+ out ( ! ru9s ( ! old4 ,dietri* fail$1 x is true4 ,b if ! ?+ _h be5 !n possible1 he seems to h be5 ! man to h done x4 ,he liv$ & lab\r$ l :at he 0--a royal ,amal1 a true son ( ,wod54 ,unable to write1 he f\nd$ a great k+dom by native virtue & common s5se4 ,call$ a b>b>ian1 he re/or$ prosp]ity to ru9$ ,italy1 & gave to x 7& ) x to ! great] "p ( ! we/]n _w71 peace = ?ree & ?irty ye>s4 ,br\ght up among ho/ile sects1 he laid d[n t gold5 law ( religi\s lib]ty :i* ! n9ete5? c5tury has n yet c\rage & humanity en\gh to accept4 ,b if 8 life 0 h]oic1 8 dea? 0 tragic4 ,he fail$ aft] all 9 8 va/ endeav\rs1 f causes hidd5 f him1 b visible1 & mo/ in/ructive1 to u2 & aft] hav+ toil$ imp>tially = ! good ( conqu]ors & ( conqu]$ alike1 he di$ sadly1 leav+ beh9d him a p :o1 mo/ ( !m1 believ$ gladly ! news t a holy h]mit _h se5 8 s\l hurl$ d[n ! crat] ( ,/romboli1 z a j puni%m5t = ! inexpiable crime ( be+ wis] ?an 8 g5]ation4 ,"s h compla9$ ( ,gibbon's 'h]o-wor%ip' ( ,dietri*--,i d n4 ,! hone/ & accurate cynic s v seldom wor%ipp$ a h]o1 or believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( any1 t we may take 8 good op9ion z almo/ f9al & )\t appeal4 ,"o au?or1 = ^: op9ion ,i h already expre/ a v high respect1 says t he 0 b a wild man ( ! woods to ! la/2 poli%$ ov] sk9-deep ) ,roman civilization2 ',scrat* him1 & y f\nd ! b>b>ian und]nea? #aja4' ,x may be true4 ,if x be true1 x is a v high complim5t4 ,x 0 n f 8 ,roman civilization1 b f 8 'b>b>ian' "m & fa!r1 t he drew ! 'vive intellig5ce des *oses morales1 et ces inspirations elevees et h]oiques1' :i* ,m4 ,?i]ry truly attributes to him4 ,if !re 01 z ,m4 ,?i]ry truly says1 ano!r nature /ruggl+ )9 him--is !re n su* 9 e man8 ,& are n ! /ruggles ! m pa9ful1 ! temptations m dang]\s1 ! inconsi/5cies too (t5 ! m %ameful1 ! capacities = evil z well z = good1 m huge1 j 9 proportion to ! native =ce & massiv5ess ( ! s\l8 ,! doctr9e may seem dang]\s4 ,x is dang]\s1 l _m tru?s2 & woe to ^? :o1 be+ unle>n$ & un/able1 wre/ x to _! own de/ruction2 & presume ^u x to indulge _! own passions "u ,byronic excuses ( 'g5ius1' or 'muscul> ,*ri/ianity4' ,b x is true nev]!less3 s at lea/ ! ,bible tells u1 9 its wond]ful del9eations ( ,david1 '! man aft] ,god's own he>t1' & ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ! *ief ( ! apo/les4 ,& !re are po9ts ( lik5ess betwe5 ! "* ( ,dietri*1 & t ( ,david1 :i* w surely sugge/ !mselves to any acute /ud5t ( human nature4 ,m4 ,?i]ry attributes to him1 z 8 worse self1 'les in/9cts les plus viol5ts2 la cruaute1 l'a/uce1 l'egoisme impitoyable4' ,! two fir/ c\nts are und5iable--at lea/ dur+ 8 y\?3 !y 7 ! common vices ( ! age4 ,! two latt] ,i mu/ hold z n prov5 by facts3 b 7 !y prov51 !y w\ld /ill be excusable1 on ! simple gr\nd ( 8 ,greek education4 ',cunn+ & pitiless egotism' 7 ! only moral qualities :i* ,dietri* is likely to h se5 ex]cis$ at ! c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople3 & :at wond]1 if he 0 some:at demoraliz$ by ! abom9able atmosph]e :i* he brea!d f *ildhood8 ,dietri* is an illu/ration ( ! saga ) :i* ^! lectures began4 ,he is ! v type ( ! =e/ *ild1 bewit*$ by ! f9e ?+s ( ! wick$ ,troll g>d54 ,! key to ! man's "*1 inde$ ! v glory ( x1 is ! long /ruggle )9 him1 betwe5 ! ,teutonic & ! ,greek elem5ts4 ,dazzl$ & debau*$1 at times1 by ! s9ful glories ( ! ,bosphorus1 its palaces1 its gold1 & its wom51 he w break ! spell desp]ately4 ,he w become a wild ,go? & an hone/ man once m2 he w rev5ge 8 own degradation on t c\rt & empire :i* he kn[s well en\gh to despise1 di/ru/ & hate4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! spell comes ov] him4 ,8 vanity & 8 passions make him once m a c\rti] among ! ,greeks2 b ! blood ( ,od9 is /rong )9 him /ill2 aga9 & aga9 he rises1 ) a noble %ame1 to virtue & patriotism1 trampl+ "u foot selfi% luxury & glory1 till ! victory is complete2 & he turns away 9 ! v mom5t ( ! greate/ temptation1 f ! bewit*+ city1 to w&]1 fight1 />ve1 & at la/ conqu] a new l& = himself & = 8 nation2 & %ew1 by ?irty ye>s ( ju/ice & wisdom1 :at t true ,dietri* 01 :i* _h be5 s long ov]laid by ! false ,dietri* ( 8 s9ful y\?4 ,look at ! facts ( 8 hi/ory1 z !y /&1 & see :e!r !y d n be> out ?is1 & no o!r1 !ory ( 8 "*4 ,! ye> 0 #dee1 two ye>s aft] ,attila's dea?4 ,ne> ,vi5na a boy 0 born1 ( ,!odemir "o ( ! ,go?ic k+s & 8 fav\rite ,erleva4 ,he 0 s5t :5 eight ye>s old to ,con/ant9ople z a ho/age4 ,! ,emp]or ,leo _h agre$ to pay ! ,go?s #cjj p\nds ( gold e ye>1 if !y w\ld b leave him 9 peace2 & "y ,dietri* 0 ! pl$ge ( ! compact4 ,!re he grew up amid all ! wisdom ( ! ,romans1 wat*+ x all1 & yet nev] ev5 le>n+ to write4 ,x seems to "s t ! ,g]man did n c>e to le>n2 x seems to me r t !y did n c>e to tea*4 ,he came back to 8 p at eighte51 delight$ !m by 8 /r5g? & /ature1 & became1 to all appe>ance1 a ,go? ( ! ,go?s2 go+ adv5tures ) six ?\s& volunte]s aga9/ ! ,s>matae1 :o _h j defeat$ ! ,greeks1 & tak5 a city--:i* he retook1 b in/ead ( re/or+ x to ! ,emp]or1 kept himself4 ,food becom+ sc>ce 9 ,au/ria1 ! ,o/rogo?s mov$ "s into ,italy1 "s d[n on ,illyria & ,!ssaly2 & ! ,emp]or gracefully pres5t$ !m ) ! c\ntry ( :i* !y _h already tak5 possession4 ,9 e case1 y see1 ?is me?od w5t on4 ,! fail+ ,emp]ors b\ght (f ! ,teutons :]e !y c\ld2 submitt$ to !m :]e !y c\ld n2 & readily en\gh turn$ on !m :5 !y _h a *ance4 ,! relations betwe5 ! two p>ties c be h>dly bett] expla9$1 ?an by comp>+ !m to ^? betwe5 ! ,engli% adv5tur]s 9 ,h9do/an & ! fall+ ,rajahs & ,sultans ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,aft] a :ile ,!odoric1 or ,dietri*1 f\nd himself1 at 8 fa!r's dea?1 sole k+ ( ! ,o/rogo?s4 ,?is p]iod ( 8 life is v obscure3 b "o h9t at lea/ we h1 :i* may expla9 8 :ole future c>e]4 ,side by side ) him & ) 8 fa!r be=e him1 !re 0 ano!r ,dietri*--,dietri* ! ,"o-ey$1 son ( ,tri>1 a l[- born adv5tur]1 :o _h got toge!r ! remnants ( "s l[-ca/e tribes1 :o 7 call$ ! ,go?s ( ,?race1 & 0 swagg]+ ab\t ! c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople1 z1 :5 ! ,ea/ ,go?s fir/ met him1 :at we call ,w>d5 ( ! ,m>*es1 ) "s annual pay = 8 ,go?s4 ,he 0 insol5t to ,!odemir & 8 family1 & !y retaliat$ by bitt] hatr$4 ,x 0 intol]able = !m1 ,amals1 sons ( ,od91 to be insult$ by ?is up/>t4 ,s !y w5t on = ye>s1 till ! mis]able religi\s squabble fell out--y may read x 9 ,gibbon--:i* end$ 9 ! ,emp]or ,z5o1 a l[-born & cunn+ man1 suspect$ ( ! murd] ( 8 own son by ! pr9cess ,ariadne1 be+ driv5 out ( ,con/ant9ople by ,basiliscus4 ,we ne$ n ent] into su* matt]s1 except z f> z !y be> on ! hi/ory ( ,dietri* ! ,amal4 ,dietri* ! ,"o-ey$ help$ ,basiliscus--& !n ,z5o seems to h s5t = ,dietri* ! ,amal to help him4 ,he came1 b too late4 ,basiliscus' p>ty _h already brok5 up2 ,basiliscus & 8 family _h tak5 refuge 9 a *ur*1 f :5ce ,z5o entic$ him1 on ! promise ( %$d+ no blood1 :i* he did n3 b in/ead1 put him1 8 wife & *ildr51 9 a dry ci/]n1 wall$ x up & left !m4 ,dietri* ! ,amal rose into p[] & great glory1 & became 'son-9- arms' to ! ,emp]or4 ,b ! "y ,amal long$ = adv5tures4 ,he (f]$ to take 8 ,o/rogo?s into ,italy1 drive out ,odoac]1 & seat on ! ?rone ( ! ,we/1 ,nepos1 "o ( ! _m puppets :o _h be5 hurl$ (f x a few ye>s be=e4 ,z5o _h ne$ ( ! "y h]o ne>] home1 & p]suad$ him to /ay 9 ,con/ant9ople1 eat1 dr9k1 & be m]ry4 ,:]eon ,odoac] made ,romulus ,agu/ulus & ! ,roman ,s5ate write to ,z5o t !y want$ no ,emp]or save him at ,con/ant9ople2 t !y 7 v happy "u ! excell5t ,odoac]1 & t !y !re=e s5t to ,z5o1 z ! rightful own]1 all ! ,imp]ial insignia & ornam5ts2 ?+s :i* may h be5 worn1 "s ( !m1 by ,augu/us himself4 ,& s end$1 ev5 9 "n1 ! ,empire ( ,rome4 ,all :i* ! ,amal saw1 &1 z w appe>1 did n =get4 ,z5o gave ! ,amal all t ! ,"o-ey$ _h _h be=e him1 & paid ! ,o/rogo?s ye>ly z he _h paid ! ,"o-eye's m54 ,! ,"o-ey$ 0 bani%$ to 8 cantonm5ts1 & ( c\rse revolt$4 ,z5o want$ to buy him (f1 b ! ,amal w\ld n he> ( x2 he w\ld n help ! ,romans aga9/ 8 rival1 unless !y swore p]petual enmity aga9/ him4 ,!y did s1 & he m>*$ to ! assi/ance ( ! wret*$ ,empire4 ,he 0 to be met by ,roman re9=cem5ts at ! ,haemus4 ,!y nev] came2 & ! ,amal1 disgu/$ & di%e>t5$1 f\nd himself entangl$ 9 ! defiles ( ! ,haemus1 />v+ & worn out2 ) ! ,"o-ey$ entr5*$ on an inaccessible rock1 :]e he d>$ n attack him4 ,!n foll[$ an extraord9>y sc5e4 ,! ,"o-ey$ came d[n aga9 & aga9 f 8 rock1 & rode r\nd ! ,amal's camp1 %\t+ to him words s true1 t "o mu/ believe !m to h be5 really spok54 ',p]jur$ boy1 madman1 betray] ( y\r race--d y n see t ! ,roman plan is z always to de/roy ,go?s by ,go?s8 ,:i*ev] ( u falls1 !y1 n we1 w be ! /rong]4 ,!y nev] met y z !y promis$1 at ! cities1 nor "h4 ,!y h s5t y out "h to p]i% 9 ! des]t4' ,!n ! ,ea/ ,go?s rais$ a cry4 ',! ,"o-ey$ is "r4 ,! ,amal c>es n t ^! m5 are ,go?s l ourselves4' ,!n ! ,"o-ey$ appeals to ! ,go?s !mselves1 z he curses ! ,amal4 ',:y are y kill+ y\r k9sm58 ,:y h y made s _m wid[s8 ,:]e is all _! weal? gone1 !y :o set out to fight = y8 ,ea* ( !m _h two or ?ree horses3 b n[ !y are walk+ on foot beh9d y l slaves1--free-m5 z well-born z y\rself3--& y promis$ to measure !m out gold by ! bu%el4' ,0 x n true8 ,if "y ,dietri* _h 9 him 7& he %ew$ t he _h 9 aft] ye>s7 a ,teuton's he>t1 may n t /range int]view h op5$ 8 eyes to 8 own folly1 & taught him t ! ,teuton mu/ be 8 own ma/]1 & n ! m]c5>y ( ! ,romans8 ,! m5 cri$ out t x 0 true4 ,he mu/ make peace ) ! ,"o-ey$1 or !y w\ld d x !mselves2 & peace 0 made4 ,!y bo? s5t ambassadors to ,z5o2 ! ,amal compla9+ ( trea*]y2 ! ,"o-ey$ dem&+ indemnity = all 8 losses4 ,! ,emp]or 0 furi\s4 ,he tri$ to buy (f ! ,amal by m>ry+ him to a pr9cess ( ! blood royal1 & mak+ him a ,caes>4 ,dietri* w\ld n cons5t2 he felt t x 0 a sn>e4 ,z5o proclaim$ ! ,"o-ey$ an enemy to ! ,empire2 & end$ by re9/at+ him 9 8 old hon\rs1 & tak+ !m f ! ,amal4 ,! ,amal became furi\s1 burnt villages1 slaught]$ ! peasants1 ev5 7! ,greeks say7 cut (f ! h&s ( 8 captives4 ,he _h brok5 ) ! ,romans at la/4 ,! ,roman 0 a/ride ( him1 & ( all ,teutons1 l ,s9dbad's old man ( ! sea4 ,! only "q1 z ) ,s9dbad1 0 :e!r he %\ld get drunk1 & give !m a *ance ( ?r[+ ! p]fidi\s tyrant4 ,& n[ ! "t 0 come4 ,he 0 compell$ to ask himself1 n--:at %all ,i be 9 relation to myself3 b :at %all ,i be 9 relation to ! ,kais] ( ! ,romans--a m]c5>y1 a slave1 or a conqu]or--= "o ( ! ?ree ,i mu/ be8 ,s x w5t on1 ye> aft] ye>--sometimes ) t]rible rev]ses = ,dietri*1 till ! ye> #dhj4 ,!n ! old ,"o-ey$ di$1 9 a /range way4 ,m\nt+ a wild horse at ! t5t-door1 ! bea/ re>$ be=e he c\ld get 8 seat2 afraid ( pull+ x ov] by ! curb1 he let x g4 ,a lance1 9 ,go?ic fa%ion1 0 hang+ at ! t5t-door1 & ! horse plung$ ! ,"o-ey$ aga9/ x4 ,! po9t w5t deep into 8 side1 & ! old fight+ man 0 at re/ = ev]4 ,& !n came a /range p]ipeteia = ! ,amal4 ,z5o1 we "k n :y1 s5t in/antly = him4 ,he _h be5 ravag+1 pursu+1 defeat+ ,roman troops1 or be+ defeat$ by !m4 ,n[ he mu/ come to ,rome4 ,8 ,go?s %\ld h ! ,l[] ,danube4 ,he %\ld h glory & hon\r to sp>e4 ,he came4 ,8 ideal1 at ?is "t1 seems actually to h be5 to live l a ,roman citiz5 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & help to gov]n ! ,empire4 ,recollect1 he 0 /ill little m ?an five & tw5ty ye>s old4 ,s he w5t to ,con/ant9ople1 & ,i suppose ) him ! fai?ful "m1 & fai?ful si/]1 :o _h be5 ) him 9 all 8 w&]+s4 ,he _h a triumph decre$ him at ! ,emp]or's exp5se1 0 made ,consul ,ord9>ius 7':i*1' sai? ,jorn&es1 'is acc\nt$ ! highe/ good & *ief glory 9 ! _w'7 & ,ma/]-g5]al1 & lodg$ 9 ! palace4 ,:at did x all mean8 ,dietri* 0 dazzl$ by x1 at lea/ = a :ile4 ,:at x meant1 he f\nd out too soon4 ,he 0 to fight ! ,emp]or's battles aga9/ all rebels1 & he f\ght !m1 to return irritat$1 compla9+ 7ju/ly or unju/ly7 ( plots aga9/ 8 life2 to be pacifi$1 l a *ild1 ) ! hon\r ( an eque/rian /atue2 !n to s9k d[n into ,byzant9e luxury = sev5 +lori\s ye>s1 ) only "o fla%+ out ( ! anci5t _s1 :5 he dem&$ to g alone aga9/ ! ,bulg>s1 & kill$ _! k+ ) 8 own h&4 ,:at woke him f 8 dream8 ,! cry ( 8 />v+ p4 ,! ,go?s1 settl$ on ! l[] ,danube1 _h be5 liv+1 z wild m5 & m]c5>ies live1 recklessly f h& to m\?1 dr9k+ & gambl+ till _! families 7 9 want4 ,!y s5d to ! ,amal4 ',:ile ?\ art revell+ at ,roman banquets1 we are />v+--come back ere we are ru9$4' ,!y 7 jeal\s1 too1 ( ! success ( ,odoac] & 8 m]c5>ies4 ,he 0 gr[+ n[ to be a great p[]2 /yl+ himself ',k+ ( nations #aji1' giv+ away to ! ,visigo?s ! ,n>bonnaise1 ! la/ remnant ( ! ,we/]n ,empire2 collect+ r\nd him le>n$ ,romans l ,symma*us1 ,boe?ius1 & ,cassiodorus2 respect+ ! ,ca?olic cl]gy2 & seem+ly do+ 8 be/ to gov]n well4 ,8 m]c5>ies1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be gov]n$4 ,"u _! viol5ce & oppression agriculture & population 7 bo? fail+2 till ,pope ,gelasius speaks ( ',a,emilia1 ,tuscia1 cet]aeque prov9ciae 9 quibus nullus prope hom9um exi/it4' ,mean:ile !re seems to h be5 a deep hatr$ on ! "p ( ! ,go?s to ,odoac] & 8 m]c5>ies4 ,dr4 ,%epp>d ?9ks t !y despis$ him himself z a man ( l[ bir?4 ,b 8 fa!r ,a,edecon _h be5 *ief ( ! ,turkl+s1 & 0 mo/ probably ( royal blood4 ,x is v unlikely1 inde$1 t s l>ge a numb] ( ,teutons w\ld h foll[$ any man :o _h n ,od9's blood 9 8 ve9s4 ,0 !re a /a9 on ,odoac] f 8 e>ly connexion ) ,attila8 ,or 0 ! hatr$ aga9/ 8 m5 m ?an himself1 contempt especially ( ! l[-ca/e ,h]ules1--a "q ( race1 spr++ out ( ^? mis]able tribe-feuds1 :i* kept ! ,teutons always divid$ & weak8 ,be t z x may1 ,odoac] _h done a de$ :i* rais$ ?is hatr$ to op5 fury4 ,he _h gone ov] ! ,alps into ,rugil& 7!n ,noricum1 & ! neighb\rhood ( ,vi5na7 & utt]ly de/roy$ ^? ( ! ,rugi] :o _h n gone into ,italy "u 8 bann]4 ,!y _h plund]$1 x is said1 ! cell ( 8 old fri5d ,/4 ,sev]9us1 z soon z ! sa9t di$1 ( ! g>m5ts laid up = ! poor1 & a silv] cup1 & ! sacr$ vessels ( ! mass4 ,be t z x may1 ,odoac] utt]ly ext]m9at$ !m1 & c>ri$ _! k+ ,fele!us1 or ,fava1 back to ,italy1 ) ,gisa 8 'noxi\s wife2' & ) !m _m ,roman ,*ri/ians1 & 7seem+ly7 ! body ( ,/4 ,sev]9us himself4 ,b ?is _h be5 a small ?+1 if he _h n advis$ himself to h a regul> ,roman triumph1 ) ,fava1 ! captive k+1 walk+ beside 8 *>iot2 & aft]w>ds1 9 ! approv$ fa%ion ( ! anci5t ,romans on su* occasions1 to put ,fava to dea? 9 cold blood4 ,! records ( ?is feat are to be f\nd1 z f> z ,i "k !m1 9 "o %ort *apt] 7,i4 xix47 ( ,paulus ,diaconus1 & 9 ,muratori's notes !reto2 b h[ev] small ! records1 ! de$ decid$ ! fate ( ,italy4 ,fr$]ic1 son ( ,fava1 took refuge ) ! ,o/rogo?s1 & dem&$ rev5ge 9 ! "n ( 8 royal race2 & x is easy to conceive t ! sympa?ies ( ! ,go?s w\ld be ) him4 ,an attack 7seem+ly unprovok$7 on an anci5t ,teutonic nation by a m]e b& ( adv5tur]s 0--or c\ld easily be made--a griev\s wrong1 & cle> casus belli1 ov] & above ! innate ,teutonic lu/ = fight+ & adv5tures1 simply = ! sake ( '! sport4' ,dietri* w5t back1 & f t day1 ! dream ( ea/]n luxury 0 brok51 & "y ,dietri* 0 a ,go? aga91 = good & = evil4 ,he assembl$ ! ,go?s1 & m>*$ /raight on ,con/ant9ople1 burn+ & pillag+ z he w5t4 ,s say1 at lea/1 ! ,greek hi/orians1 ( :om1 all ?r\gh ?is /range /ory1 no "o ne$ believe m ?an he likes4 ,_h ! ,go?s _h ! writ+ ( ! life ( ,dietri*1 we %\ld h he>d ano!r tale4 ,z x is1 we h1 z x 71 a life ( ,"l ,clive compos$ by ! c\rt scribes ( ,delhi4 ,to no ,roman w\ld he tell :at 0 9 8 m9d4 ,five leagues f ,con/ant9ople he paus$4 ,"s say t he _h compassion on ! city :]e he _h be5 br\ght up4 ,:o c tell8 ,he dem&$ to speak to ,z5o alone1 & ! fa!r 9 arms & 8 wild son met once m4 ,!re 0 /ill /rong 9 him ! old ,teutonic feudal in/9ct4 ,he 0 ',z5o's man1' 9 spite ( all4 ,he ask$ 7says ,jorn&es7 ,z5o's leave to m>* aga9/ ,odoac]1 & conqu] ,italy4 ,procopius & ! ,valesian ,fragm5t say t ,z5o s5t him1 & t 9 case ( success1 he 0 to reign !re till ,z5o came4 ,z5o 01 no d\bt1 glad to get rid ( him at any price4 ,z ,ennodius well says1 ',ano!r's hon\r made him rememb] 8 own orig91 & fe> ! v legions :i* obey$ him--= t ob$i5ce is suspect$ :i* s]ves ! unwor?y4' ,rome 0 only nom9ally "u ,z5o's dom9ion2 & x matt]$ little to him :e!r ,h]ule or ,go?ic adv5tur] call$ himself 8 repres5tative4 ,!n 0 held a gr& function4 ,dietri*1 solemnly appo9t$ ',patrician1' _h ,italy c$$ to him by a ',pragmatic' sanction1 & ,z5o plac$ on 8 head ! sacrum velam51 a squ>e ( purple1 signify+ 9 ,con/ant9ople ?+s wond]ful1 augu/1 imp]ial--if !y c\ld only be made to come to pass4 ,& he made !m come to pass4 ,he ga!r$ all ,teutonic h]oes ( e tribe1 z well z 8 own2 & ?r\gh ,r\melia1 & ?r\gh ! ,alps1 a long & dang]\s j\rney1 w5t ,dietri* & 8 ,go?s1 ) _! wives & *ildr51 & all !y _h1 pack$ on waggons2 liv+ on _! flocks & h]ds1 gr9d+ _! corn 9 h&- mills1 & hunt+ z !y w5t1 = sev5 hundr$ miles ( m>*2 fight+ z !y w5t ) ,bulg>s & ,s>matians1 :o _h sw>m$ into ! wa/e m>*es ( ,hung>y & ,c>niola1 once popul\s1 cultivat$1 & full ( noble cities2 fight+ a desp]ate battle ) ! ,gepidae1 up to _! knees 9 a morass2 till ov] ! passes ( ! ,julian ,alps1 :]e icicles hung ^u _! be>ds1 & _! clo!s crack$ ) fro/1 !y p\r$ into ! ,v5etian pla9s4 ,x 0 a d>+ de$2 & ne$$ a _s l ,dietri*'s to c>ry x ?r\gh4 ,odoac] await$ him ne> ! ru9s ( ,aquileia4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! fight1 z he 0 arm+1 ,dietri* ask$ 8 noble "m to br+ him "s specially f9e mantle1 :i* %e _h embroid]$ = him1 & put x ov] 8 arm\r1 't all m5 may see h[ he goes gay] into ! fight ?an ev] he did into fea/4 ,= ?is day %e %all see :e!r %e h br\ght a man-*ild into ! _w1 or no4' ,& 9 front ( ,v]ona 7:]e ! pla9 0 long :ite ) human bones71 he beat ,odoac]1 & aft] a %ort & %>p campaign1 drove him to ,rav5na4 ,b !re1 ,roman =tifications1 & ,roman artill]y1 /opp$1 z usual1 ! ,go?2 & ,odoac] fulfill$ 8 "n s well1 & /ood s /\t1 t he c\ld only be r$uc$ by fam9e2 & at la/ surr5d]$ on t]ms1 difficult n[ to discov]4 ,gibbon says1 t !re 0 a regul> compact t !y %\ld enjoy equal au?ority1 & ref]s to ,procopius3 b ,procopius only says1 t !y %\ld live toge!r peaceably '9 t city4' ,be t z x may1 ,odoac] & 8 p>ty 7 detect$1 aft] a:ile1 conspir+ aga9/ ,dietri*1 & put to dea? 9 "s d>k fa%ion4 ,gibbon1 z advocatus diaboli1 ( c\rse gives ! d\bt aga9/ ,dietri*1 by 8 usual en?ymeme--,all m5 are likely to be rogues1 ergo1 ,dietri* 0 "o4 ,r h>d measure1 :5 "o rememb]s t ! v m5 :o tell ! /ory are ,dietri*'s own enemies4 ,by f> ! mo/ important ( !m1 ! au?or ( ! ,valesian ,fragm5t1 :o consid]s ,dietri* damn$ z an ,arian1 & ! murd]] ( ,boe?ius & ,symma*us1 says pla9ly t ,odoac] plott$ aga9/ 8 life4 ,b x 0 a d>k bus9ess at be/4 ,be t z x may1 ,dietri* ! ,amal f\nd himself 9 "o day k+ ( all ,italy1 )\t a pe]4 ,& n[ foll[$ a ?ree & ?irty ye>s' reign ( wisdom1 ju/ice1 & prosp]ity1 unexampl$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ^? c5turies4 ,betwe5 ! days ( ! ,anton9es & ^? ( ,*>lemagne1 ,i "k no su* bright spot 9 ! d>k hi/ory ( ,europe4 ,z = 8 transf]r+ ! ?ird ( ! l&s ( ,italy1 :i* _h be5 held by ,odoac]'s m51 to 8 own ,go?s1--t 0 j or unju/ 7ev5 putt+ out ( ! "q ! rights ( conque/71 accord+ to :at mann] ( m5 ,odoac]'s m]c5>ies 71 & :at "r !y _h to ! l&s4 ,at lea/ x 0 done s1 says ,cassiodorus1 t x notori\sly gave satisfaction to ! ,romans !mselves4 ,"o c well conceive x4 ,odoac]'s m5 _h be5 lawless adv5tur]s2 & n[ law 0 in/all$ z supreme4 ,dietri*1 9 8 long soj\rn at ! ,emp]or's c\rt1 _h discov]$ ! true secret ( ,roman p[]1 :i* made ! ,empire t]rible ev5 9 h] fall5 =tunes2 & t 0 ,law4 ,law1 :i* tells e man :at to expect1 & :at is expect$ ( him2 & s gives1 if n cont5t1 /ill confid5ce1 en]gy1 indu/ry4 ,! ,go?s 7 to live by ! ,go?ic law1 ! ,romans by ! ,roman4 ,to amalgamate ! two races w\ld h be5 z impossible z to amalgamate ,engli% & ,h9doos4 ,! p>allel is really tol]ably exact4 ,! ,go? 0 v ,engli%2 & ! ov]-civiliz$1 le>n$1 false1 pr(ligate ,roman 0 ! v c\nt]p>t ( ! mod]n ,brahm94 ,b !re 0 to be equal ju/ice betwe5 man & man4 ,if ! ,go?s 7 ! ma/]s ( mu* ( ! ,roman soil1 /ill spoliation & oppression 7 =bidd52 & ! rem>kable edict or code ( ,!odoric1 %ews h[ deeply into 8 great m9d _h sunk ! idea ( ! div95ess ( ,law4 ,x is %ort1 & ( ,draconic sev]ity1 especially aga9/ spoliation1 *eat+1 false in=m]s1 abuse by ! cl]gy ( ! rights ( sanctu>y1 & all (f5ces aga9/ ! hon\r ( wom54 ,i advise y all to /udy x1 z an example ( :at an e>ly ,teutonic k+ ?\ght m5 ought to d1 & c\ld be made to d4 ,! ,romans 7 left to _! luxury & laz9ess2 & _! c\ntry villas 7long des]t$7 7 fill$ aga9 by ! own]s4 ,! ,go?s 7 expect$ to p]=m milit>y s]vice1 & 7 drill$ f _! y\? 9 ^? milit>y evolutions :i* _h s (t5 giv5 ! discipl9$ ,roman ! victory ov] ! undiscipl9$ ,go?1 till e pomo]ium 7b\lev>d71 says ,ennodius1 might be se5 full ( boys & lads1 le>n+ to be soldi]s4 ,ev]y?+ mean:ile 0 done to soo! ! w\nd$ pride ( ! conqu]$4 ,! s5ate ( ,rome 0 /ill kept up 9 "n 7z by ,odoac]71 h] nobles flatt]$ by sonor\s titles1 & ! (fic]s ( ! k+dom & ! palace bore ! same names z !y w\ld h done "u ,roman emp]ors4 ,! :ole 0 an attempt to develop ,dietri*'s own ,go?s by ! only civilization :i* he knew1 t ( ,con/ant9ople3 b to engraft on x an ord]1 a ju/ice1 a fre$om1 a morality1 :i* 0 ! 'b>b>ian' elem5t4 ,! treasures ( ,roman art 7 plac$ "u ! c>e ( gov]nm5t (fic]s2 ba?s1 palaces1 *ur*es1 aqu$ucts1 7 repair$ or f\nd$2 to build seems to h be5 ,dietri*'s great delight2 & we h left u1 on a co91 "s image ( 8 own palace at ,v]ona1 a /range build+ ) domes & m9>ets1 some?+ l a ,turki% mosque2 /&+1 seem+ly1 on ! arcades ( "s old] ,roman build+4 ,dietri* ! ,go? may1 inde$1 be call$ ! f\nd] ( ',byzant9e' ar*itecture ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n _w4 ,mean:ile1 agriculture prosp]$ once m2 ! ,pont9e ,m>%es 7 dra9$2 ! imp]ial ports re/or$1 & new cities sprang up4 ',! new ones1' says ,ma*iavelli1 '7 ,v5ice1 ,si5a1 ,f]r>a1 ,aquileia2 & ^? :i* became ext5d$ 7 ,flor5ce1 ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 ,milan1 ,naples1 & ,bologna4' ,( ^! ! great sea-ports1 especially ,v5ice1 7 f\nd$ n by ,go?s1 b by ,roman & ,greek fugitives3 b x 0 ! security & lib]ality ( ,dietri*'s reign :i* made _! exi/5ce possible2 & ,v5ice really owes f> m to ! b>b>ian h]o1 ?an to ! fabl$ patronage ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ',f ?is deva/ation & new population1' cont9ues ,ma*iavelli1 'arose new languages1 :i*1 p>tak+ ( ! native idiom ( ! new p1 & ( ! old ,roman1 =m$ a new mann] ( disc\rse4 ,besides1 n only 7 ! names ( prov9ces *ang$1 b also ( lakes1 riv]s1 seas1 & m52 = ,france1 ,spa91 & ,italy are full ( fre% names1 :olly diff]5t f ! anci5t4' ,?is reign ( ,dietri* 01 9 fact1 ! bir?-h\r ( mod]n ,italy2 &1 z ,ma*iavelli says1 'br\ght ! c\ntry to su* a /ate ( greatness1 t h] previ\s suff]+s 7 unrecognizable4' ,we %all see h]eaft] h[ ! great ,go?'s "w 0 all undone2 & 7to _! ev]la/+ %ame7 by :om x 0 undone4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ records ( ! "t are1 )\t d\bt1 ! lett]s ( ,cassiodorus1 ! k+'s secret>y & *ancellor1 :i* h come d[n to u 9 great numb]s4 ,!re are lett]s among !m on all que/ions ( dome/ic & =eign policy3 to ! k+s ( ! ,v>ni1 k+s ( ! ,h]ules1 k+s ( ! ,?ur+] 7:o 7 /ill hea!ns beyond ! ,black =e/71 call+ on !m all to jo9 him & ! ,burgundians1 & def5d 8 son-9-law ,al>ic ,,ii41 k+ ( ! ,visigo?s1 aga9/ ,clovis & 8 ,franks4 ,!re are lett]s1 too1 be>+ on ! religi\s feuds ( ! ,roman population1 & on ! morals & social /ate ( ,rome itself1 ( :i* ,i %all say no?+ 9 ?is lecture1 hav+ cause to ref] to !m h]eaft]4 ,b if y wi% to "k ! times1 y mu/ read ,cassiodorus ?or\ghly4 ,9 8 lett]s y w rem>k h[ mo/ ( ! s-call$ ,roman names are ,greek4 ,y w rem>k1 too1 z a sign ( ! decad5ce ( ta/e & art1 t ?\gh full ( wisdom & practical morality1 ! lett]s are c\*$ 9 ! mo/ wond]ful bomba/ to be met )1 ev5 9 t age ( infimae ,lat9itatis4 ,"o c only expla9 _! /yle by suppos+ t ,k+ ,dietri*1 hav+ suppli$ ! s5se1 left x = ,cassiodorus to %ape x z he ?\ght be/2 & :5 ! lett] 0 read ov] to him1 took = grant$ 7be+ no s*ol>7 t t 0 ! way 9 :i* ,roman ,caes>s & o!r cultivat$ p]sonages ought to talk2 admir$ 8 secret>y's le>n+2 & probably laugh$ 9 8 sleeve at ! :ole ?+1 ?9k+ t t5 words ( hone/ ,g]man w\ld h said all t he meant4 ,z = und]/&+ ^! flights ( rhetoric1 x is impossible t ,dietri* c\ld h done s3 p]haps n ev5 ,cassiodorus himself4 ,take z "o example1 su* a lett] z ?is4--,aft] a l(ty moral maxim1 :i* ,i leave = y to con/rue--',9 p>tem pietatis recidit mitigata di/rictio2 et sub b5eficio prae/at1 qui po5am debitam mod]atione consid]ata palpav]it1'--,jov9us ! curial is in=m$1 aft] ! mo/ complex me?od1 t hav+ fir/ qu>rell$ ) a fell[-curial1 & !n proce$$ to kill him1 he is bani%$ = life to ! isle ( ,volcano1 among ! ,lip>is4 ,z a curial is a g5tleman & a gov]nm5t magi/rate1 ! puni%m5t is j en\gh2 b :y %\ld ,cassiodorus 7c]ta9ly n ,k+ ,dietri*7 f9i% a %ort lett] by a long diss]tation on volcanoes 9 g5]al1 & ,/romboli 9 p>ticul>1 insi/+ on ! wond] t ! rocks1 ?\gh cont9ually burnt1 are cont9ually r5ew$ by '! inextricable pot5cy ( nature2' & only return+ to ,jov9us to in=m him t he w h5ce=? foll[ ! example ( a salam&]1 :i* always lives 9 fire1 'be+ s contract$ by natural cold1 t x is temp]$ by burn+ flame4 ,x is a ?9 & small animal1 connect$ ) worms1 & clo!d ) a yell[ col\r2' 4 4 4 ,cassiodorus !n returns to ! ma9 subject ( volcanoes1 & ends ) a /ory ( ,/romboli hav+ brok5 out j z ,hannibal poison$ himself at ! c\rt ( ,prusias2--in=mation :i* may h be5 int]e/+1 ?\gh n consol+1 to poor ,jov9us1 9 ! prospect ( liv+ !re2 b ( :i* "o w\ld l to h _h k+ ,dietri*'s op9ion4 ,did he felicitate himself l a simple ,teuton1 on ! wond]ful le>n+ & eloqu5ce ( 8 ,greek-,roman secret>y8 ,or did he laugh a royal laugh at ! :ole lett]1 & crack a royal joke at ,cassiodorus & all quill-driv+ s*oolma/]s & lawy]s--! two classes ( m5 :om ! ,go?s hat$ especially1 & at ! end to :i* !y by _! p$antries _h br\ght imp]ial ,rome8 ,"o w\ld l to "k4 ,= n only 0 ,dietri* no s*ol> himself1 b he _h a contempt = ! v s*ol>%ip :i* he employ$1 & =bade ! ,go?s to le>n x--z ! ev5t prov$1 a fooli% & fatal prejudice4 ,b x 0 connect$ 9 8 m9d ) *ican]y1 effem9acy1 & ) ! cruel & degrad+ puni%m5ts ( *ildr54 ,p]haps ! f]ula _h be5 appli$ to him at ,con/ant9ople 9 old days4 ,if s1 no wond] t he nev] le>nt to write4 ',! boy :o trembles at a cane1' he us$ to say1 'w nev] face a lance4' ,8 "m wit1 mean:ile1 0 s %rewd t '_m ( 8 say+s 7says ! unkn[n au?or ( ! invaluable ,valesian ,fragm5t7 rema9 among u to ?is day4' ,two only1 z f> z ,i "k1 h be5 pres]v$1 qua9t en\gh3 ',he t ha? gold1 or a devil1 _c hide x4' ,& ',! ,roman1 :5 poor1 apes ! ,go?3 ! ,go?1 :5 ri*1 apes ! ,roman4' ,!re is a sort ( ,solomon's judgm5t1 too1 told ( him1 9 ! case ( a woman :o refus$ to ackn[l$ge h] own son1 :i* 0 effectual en\gh2 b some:at too homely to repeat4 ,z = 8 p]sonal appe>ance1 x 0 giv5 9 a saga2 b ,i h n consult$ x myself1 & am no judge ( its au!nticity4 ,! traditional description ( him is t ( a man almo/ be>dless--a r>e case among ! ,go?s--) masses ( gold5 r+lets1 & black eyebr[s ov] 'oculos caesios1' ! blue grey eyes common to s _m conqu]ors4 ,a complexion s peculi>1 t "o mu/ believe x to be truly report$4 ,8 tragic dea?1 & ! yet m tragic consequ5ces !re(1 w be detail$ 9 ! next lecture4 ,,lecture ,v--,,dietri*',s ,,end4 ,i h n[ to speak to y on ! latt] end ( ,dietri*'s reign--made s sadly fam\s by ! dea? ( ,boe?ius--! la/ ,roman philosoph]1 z he has be5 call$ = c5turies1 & n unju/ly4 ,8 ,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae is a book good = any man1 full ( :olesome & godly doctr9e4 ,= c5turies x rank$ z high z ! highe/ classics2 high] p]haps at times ?an any book save ! ,bible1 among n m]ely s*ol>s1 b /atesm54 ,x is ! la/ legacy ( ! dy+ old _w to ! "y _w :i* 0 trampl+ x out ( life2 & !re=e x is full ( sadness4 ,b b5ea? ! sadness !re is fai? & hope2 = ,god is j1 & virtue mu/ be triumphant & immortal1 & ! absolute & only good = man4 ,! :ole /ory is v sad4 ,dietri* 0 "o ( ^? great m51 :o l ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,elizabe?1 ,napoleon1 or ! late ,cz> ,ni*olas1 h liv$ too long = _! own hon\r4 ,! old hea!n w\ld h attribut$ 8 misadv5tures to a ,greek text1 an envy ( ! ,gods1 :o w n abide to see m5 z prosp]\s z !y !mselves are4 ,we may attribute x m simply & m pi\sly to ! we> & te> ( frail humanity4 ,= x may be t v few human s\ls c /& = _m ye>s ! /ra9 ( a great rule4 ,i d n mean t !y break d[n f ov]work1 b t !y are pull$ out ( %ape by x2 & t1 especially1 ! w becomes enorm\sly develop$ at ! exp5se ( ! o!r p[]s ( ! s\l1 till ! man becomes1 z he gr[s old]1 imp]i\s1 c>eless (1 or irritat$ by c\nsel1 det]m9$ to h 8 own way because x is 8 own way4 ,we see ! same t5d5cy 9 all accu/om$ = a long :ile to absolute rule1 ev5 9 petty matt]s2--9 ! old %ip's capta91 ! old head ( a factory1 ! old ma/] ( h\nds2 & we d n blame !m = x4 ,x is a disease incid5t to _! call+1 z p$antry is to t ( a s*ol>1 or a/ut5ess to t ( an attorney4 ,b x is mo/ dang]\s 9 ! greate/ m9ds1 & 9 ! highe/ places2 & only to be kept (f by !m1 z by u1 ea* 9 our place1 by hone/ self-exam9ation1 dilig5t pray]1 & ! grace ( ,god :i* comes !reby4 ,once or twice 9 ! _w's hi/ory a great rul]1 l ,*>les ! ,fif?1 cuts ! ,gordian knot1 & escapes into a conv5t3 b h[ few c or ought to d t8 ,!re are ^? :o mu/ g on rul+1 or see _! c\ntry ru9$2 = all dep5ds on !m4 ,s _h ,que5 ,elizabe? to d2 s _h ,dietri* ( ,b]n likewise4 ,aft] !m w\ld come ! deluge1 & did come2 & !y mu/ endure to ! la/1 :atev] x may co/ to _! own heal? ( "*1 or peace ( m9d4 ,b mo/ pa9ful1 & mo/ dang]\s to ! vet]an sov]eign1 is x to h le>nt to suspect1 p]haps to despise1 ^? :om he rules2 to h ?r[n away all 8 lab\r ^u knaves & fools2 to h ca/ 8 pe>ls be=e sw9e1 & f9d !m turn+ aga9 & r5d+ him4 ,t feel+1 =c$ f ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 h] old age1 t tragic cry1 ',i am a mis]able =lorn woman4 ,!re is none ab\t me :om ,i c tru/4' ,%e 0 a woman1 always long+ = "s "o to love2 & h] he>t broke "u x all4 ,b d y n see t :]e ! rul] is n an affectionate woman1 b a /rong pr\d man1 ! effect may be v diff]5t1 & v t]rible8--h[1 r\s$ to indignation1 scorn1 suspicion1 rage1 he may turn to bay aga9/ 8 own subjects1 ) ',sc\ndrels6 y h se5 ! fair side ( my "*1 & 9 va94 ,n[ y %all see ! f\l1 & bew>e = y\rselves4' ,ev5 s1 ,i fancy1 did old ,dietri* turn to bay1 & did de$s :i* h black5$ 8 "n = ev]4 ,heav5 =give him6 = surely he _h provocation en\gh & to sp>e4 ,i h told y ( ! simple1 half-sup]/iti\s respect :i* ! ,teuton _h = ! pre/ige ( ,rome4 ,dietri* seems to h p>tak5 ( x1 l ! re/4 ,else :y did he n set himself up z ,caes> ( ,rome8 ,:y did he always consid] himself z son-9-arms1 & quasi-vassal1 ( ! ,caes> ( ,con/ant9ople8 ,he _h be5 9 y\? ov]aw$ by ! cunn+ civilization :i* he _h se5 9 ! great city4 ,he felt1 ) a noble mode/y1 t he c\ld n emulate x4 ,he mu/ copy x af> (f4 ,he mu/ take to 8 c\nsels m5 l ,cassiodorus1 ,symma*us1 ,boe?ius1 born & br$ 9 x2 tra9$ f *ildhood 9 ! craft by :i*1 z a pat5t fact1 ! ,kais]s ( ,rome _h be5 = c5turies1 ev5 9 _! decay & degradation1 ! rul]s ( ! nations4 ,yet b5ea? t !re mu/ h be5 a p]petual "u-curr5t ( contempt = x & = ,rome--! 'colluvies g5tium'--! s9k ( ! nations1 ) its conceit1 its pomposity1 its begg>y1 its pr(ligacy1 its sup]/ition1 its pret5ce ( pres]v+ ! ,roman law & rights1 :ile practically x c>$ = no law nor "r at all4 ,dietri* _h _h to write lett] ^u lett]1 to prev5t ! gre5 & blue factions cutt+ ea* o!r's ?roats at ! public spectacles2 lett]s to ! tribunus voluptatum1 :o _h to look aft] ! pantomimes & loose wom51 tell+ him to keep ! poor wret*es 9 "s dec5t ord]1 & to set !m & ! city an example ( a bett] life1 by be+ a *a/e & respectable man himself4 ,lett] ^u lett] ( ,cassiodorus'1 writt5 9 ,dietri*'s "n1 disclose a /ate ( ?+s 9 ,rome on :i* a ,go? c\ld look only ) disgu/ & contempt4 ,& :at if he discov]$ 7or ?\ght t he discov]$7 t ^! prat+ coxcombs--:o 7 actually liv+ on gov]nm5t b\nty1 & _h _! daily bread1 daily ba?1 daily oil1 daily pork1 daily w9e1 f\nd = !m at gov]nm5t exp5se1 :ile !y l\ng$ f ! !atre to ! *ur*1 & ! *ur* to ! !atre--7 plott+ ) ,ju/9 ! sc\ndrel & up/>t ,emp]or at ,con/ant9ople1 to re/ore =soo? ! lib]ties ( ,rome8 ,& t t 0 _! answ] to 8 ?ree & ?irty ye>s ( good gov]nm5t1 respect1 indulg5ce1 :i* _h rais$ !m up aga9 out ( all ! mis]ies ( dome/ic an>*y & =eign invasion8 ,& :at if he discov]$ 7or ?\ght t he discov]$7 t ! ,ca?olic ,cl]gy1 ) ,pope ,john at _! head1 7 9 ! v same plot = br++ 9 ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople1 on ! gr\nds ( religion2 because he 0 p]secut+ ! ,arian ,go?s at ,con/ant9ople1 & !re=e w\ld help !m to p]secute !m 9 ,italy8 ,& t t 0 _! answ] to 8 ?ree & ?irty ye>s ( unexampl$ religi\s lib]ty8 ,w\ld n ^? two facts 7ev5 ! belief t !y 7 facts7 h be5 en\gh to drive _m a wise man mad8 ,h[ f> !y 7 facts1 we nev] %all exactly "k4 ,almo/ all our in=mation comes f ,ca?olic hi/orians--& he w\ld be a ra% man :o w\ld p9 8 fai? on any /atem5t ( !irs conc]n+ ! actions ( a h]etic4 ,b ,i ?9k1 ev5 ) no o!r help ?an !irs1 we may see :y ,dietri* w\ld h look$ ) horror on any intimacy betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & ! ,c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,we mu/ rememb] fir/ :at ! ,greek ,empire 0 !n1 & :o 0 ! new ,emp]or4 ,ana/asius ! poor old ,emp]or1 dy+ at eighty ) 8 he>t brok5 by monks & prie/s1 _h an ugly dream2 & told x to ,amantius ! eunu* & "l *amb]la94 ,:]eon ,amantius said he _h _h a dream too2--h[ a great hog flew at him z he 0 9 wait+ 9 ! v pres5ce1 & ?rew him d[n & eat him fairly up4 ,:i* came true--?\gh n 9 ! way ,amantius expect$4 ,on ! dea? ( ,ana/asius he det]m9$ to set up z ,emp]or a creature ( 8 own4 ,= ?is purpose he mu/ buy ! gu>ds2 to :i* noble end he put a l>ge sum ( treasure into ! h&s ( ,ju/91 s5ator1 & comm&]-9-*ief ( ! said gu>ds1 :o takes ! money1 & sp5ds x on 8 own acc\nt2 s t ! mis]able eunu* f9ds1 n 8 man1 b ,ju/9 himself1 ,emp]or1 & 8 h>d-e>n$ money sp5t aga9/ him4 ,! m]e rise ( ?is unscrupul\s sw9dl] & 8 /ill m unscrupul\s nephew1 ,ju/9ian1 w\ld h be5 en\gh to r\se ,dietri*'s suspicion1 if n fe>4 ,deep & unspeakable mu/ h be5 ! royal ,amal's contempt = ! man4 ,= he mu/ h kn[n him well at ,con/ant9ople 9 8 y\?2 kn[n h[ he 0 a ,go? or o!r ,teuton aft] all1 ?\gh he 0 call$ a ,d>danian2 h[ 8 real "n 0 ,uprauda 7upright71 ! son ( ,/ock--:i* ,uprauda he _h lat9iz$ into ,ju/9us4 ,! ,amal knew well h[ he _h ent]$ ! ,emp]or's gu>d2 h[ he _h intrigu$ & f\ght 8 way up 7= ! man did n lack c\rage & conduct7 to 8 g5]al's commission2 & n[1 by a cr[n+ act ( rogu]y1 to ! ,empire4 ,he _h kn[n too1 mo/ probably1 ! man's vulg> peasant wife1 :o1 9 h] ef=ts to ape royalty1 0 mak+ h]self ! laugh+-/ock ( ! p1 & :o 0 urg+ on h] already will+ husb& to p]secute4 ,& ?is man he saw ready to convulse 8 own ,empire by beg9n+ a viol5t p]secution aga9/ ! ,arians4 ,he 0 dang]\s en\gh z a villa91 d\bly dang]\s z a bigot also4 ,we mu/ rememb] next :at ! ,greek ,*ur* 0 !n2 a *aos ( intrigue1 villa9y1 sl&]1 & wild fury1 te>+ to pieces itself & ! :ole ,empire by religi\s feuds1 9 :i* ! doctr9e 9 "q becomes invisible amid ! passions & crimes ( ! disputants1 :ile ! ,lords ( ! ,*ur* 7 hordes ( wild monks1 :o sw>m out ( _! d5s to head ! l[e/ mobs1 or fight pit*$ battles ) ea* o!r4 ,! ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( ! fif? c5tury 9 ! ,ea/]n ,empire is "o1 :i* n ev5 ! g5ius ( a ,gibbon or a ,milman c make int]e/+1 or ev5 intelligible4 ,recollect t ,dietri* _h se5 mu* ( ?is ) 8 own eyes2 _h se5 actually1 z ,i told y1 ! rebellion ( ,basiliscus & ! ,euty*ian ,bi%ops head$ by ! mad ,daniel ! ,/ylite aga9/ 8 fo/] fa!r ! ,emp]or ,z5o2 _h se5 t ,emp]or 7z ,dean ,milman =cibly puts x7 'fly+ be=e a nak$ h]mit1 :o _h lo/ ! use ( 8 legs by /&+ sixte5 ye>s ^u a column4' ,recollect t ,dietri* & 8 ,go?s _h help$ to re/ore t ,emp]or to 8 ?rone2 & !n und]/& 9 :at a s*ool he _h le>nt 8 great ideas ( religi\s tol]ation3 h[ deep mu/ h be5 ! det]m9ation to h no su* do+s 9 8 k+dom2 h[ deep1 too1 ! dread ( any simil> outbreak at ,rome4 ,recollect1 also1 t n[ 9 8 old age he _h j witness$ ! same iniquities aga9 r5d+ ! ,ea/]n ,empire2 ! old ,emp]or ,ana/asius hunt$ to dea? by armies ( mad monks ab\t ! ,monophysite ,h]esy2 ! cities1 ev5 ! holie/ places ( ! ,ea/1 /a9$ ) ,*ri/ian blood2 ev]y:]e mob-law1 murd]1 trea*]y1 assass9ation ev5 9 ! h\se ( ,god2 & n[ ! new ,emp]or ,ju/9 0 ?r[+ himself into ! p>ty ( ! ,or?odox ) all ! bl9d rage ( an ignorant peasant2 p]secut+1 expell+1 %utt+ up ! ,arian ,*ur*es ( ! ,go?s1 refus+ to he> ,dietri*'s noble appeals2 & evid5tly organiz+ a great movem5t aga9/ ^? peaceable ,arians1 aga9/ :om1 dur+ ! life-"t ( ,dietri*1 _! bitt]e/ enemies d n allege a s+le case ( p]secution4 ,rememb]1 too1 t ,dietri* _h _h exp]i5ce ( simil> outbreaks ( fanaticism at ,rome2 t ! ord9ation ( two rival ,popes _h once made ! /reets run ) blood2 t he _h se5 prie/s murd]$1 mona/]ies fir$1 nuns insult$1 & _h _h to int]f]e ) ! /rong arm ( ! law1 & himself decide 9 fav\r ( ! ,pope :o _h ! mo/ votes1 & 0 fir/ *os52 & t 9 ! qu>rels1 intrigues1 & sl&]s1 :i* foll[$ t election1 he _h _h too good pro( t ! ecclesia/ics & ! mob ( ,rome1 if he b let !m1 c\ld behave z ill z t ( ,con/ant9ople2 &1 moreov]1 t ?is new ,pope ,john1 :o seems to h be5 a hot-head$ fanatic1 _h begun 8 rule by :ipp+ & bani%+ ,mani*ees--by ^: p]mission1 does n appe>4 ,recollect too1 t = "s reason or o!r1 ,dietri*1 :5 he _h int]f]$ 9 ,ea/]n matt]s1 _h be5 always on ! side ( ! ,or?odox & ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,he _h f\ght = ! ,or?odox aga9/ ,basiliscus4 ,he _h back$ ! ,or?odox & ,vitalianus _! *ampion1 aga9/ ! late ,emp]or ,ana/asius2 & n[ z soon z ! ,or?odox got into p[] "u ,ju/91 ?is 0 ! rew>d ( 8 imp>tiality4 ,if he did n di/ru/ & despise ! ,*ur* & ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/1 he mu/ h be5 n a h]o1 b a sa9t4 ,recollect1 too1 t 9 ^? v days1 ,ca?olic bigotry _h brok5 out 9 a g5]al plund] ( ! ,jews4 ,at ,rome1 at ,milan1 & ,g5oa _! h\ses _h be5 sack$1 & _! synagogues burnt2 & ,dietri*1 hav+ compell$ ! ,ca?olics to rebuild !m at _! own exp5se1 _h e>n$ ! hatr$ ( a l>ge portion ( 8 subjects4 ,& n[ ,pope ,john 0 do+ all he c\ld to ?w>t him4 ,dietri* bade him g to ,con/ant9ople1 & plead ) ,ju/9 = ! p]secut$ ,arians4 ,he refus$4 ,dietri* %ipt him (f1 nol5tem vol5tem4 ,b :5 he got to ,con/ant9ople he ?rew 8 :ole weight into ! ,emp]or's scale4 ,he 0 receiv$ by ,ju/9 z if he 0 ,/4 ,pet] himself1 ! ,emp]or com+ out to meet him ) processions & wax-lights1 implor+ 8 bless+2 he did exactly ! opposite to :at ,dietri* bade him d2 & publi%$ on 8 return a furi\s epi/le to ! bi%ops ( ,italy1 call+ ^u !m to oppress & extirpate ! ,arian p]fidy1 s t no root ( x is left3 to consecrate ! ,arian *ur*es :]esoev] he f\nd !m1 plead+ ! advice ( ! mo/ pi\s & ,*ri/ian ,emp]or ,ju/91 talk+ ( ,dietri* z ta9t$ inw>dly & wrapt up outw>dly ) ! pe/ ( h]esy4 ,on :i* ,co*laeus 7:o religi\sly believes t ,dietri* 0 damn$ = 8 ,arianism1 & t all 8 virtues w5t = no?+ because he _h n *>ity1 :i* exi/s1 he says1 alone )9 ! pale ( ! ,*ur*71 _c help ! naive comm5t1 t if ! ,pontiff did really write t lett]1 he _c wond] at ,dietri*'s be+ a little angry4 ,k+s n[1 x is true1 c af=d to smile at su* outbur/s2 !y c\ld n af=d to d s 9 ,dietri*'s days4 ,su* words meant murd]1 pillage1 civil w>1 de?ronem5t1 g5]al an>*y2 & s ,dietri* ?rew ,pope ,john into prison4 ,he _h be5 9 bad heal? be=e he sail$ to ,con/ant9ople1 & 9 a few mon?s he di$1 & 0 wor%ipp$ z a sa9t4 ,z = ! political conspiracy1 we %all nev] "k ! tru? ( x4 ,! ',anonymus ,valesii1' mean:ile says1 t :5 ,cyprian accus$ ,alb9us1 ,boe?ius answ]$1 ',x is false3 b if ,alb9us has done x1 s h ,i1 & ! :ole s5ate1 ) "o cons5t4 ,x is false1 my ,"l ,k+6' ,:atev] su* words may prove1 !y prove at lea/ ?is1 t ,boe?ius1 z he says himself1 0 ! victim ( 8 own *ivalry4 ,to save ,alb9us1 & ! s5ate1 he ?ru/ himself into ! =e-front ( ! battle1 & fell at lea/ l a brave man4 ,:e!r ,alb9us1 ,boe?ius1 & ,symma*us did plot to br+ 9 ,ju/92 :e!r ! s5ate did s5d a lett] to him1 ,i _c tell4 ,boe?ius1 9 8 ,de ,consolatione1 d5ies x all2 & ,boe?ius 0 a good man4 ,he says t ! lett]s 9 :i* he hop$ = ! lib]ty ( ,rome 7 =g$2 h[ c\ld he hope = ! impossible8 b he adds1 'w\ld t any lib]ty c\ld h be5 hop$ =6 ,i w\ld h answ]$ ! k+ z ,cassius did1 :5 falsely accus$ ( conspir+ by ,caligula3 ,if ,i _h kn[n ( x1 y %\ld n4' ,"o kn[s n :e!r ,dietri* ev] saw ^? words3 b !y prove at lea/ t all 8 confid5ce1 ju/ice1 k9dness to ! patrician philosoph]1 _h n won him f ! p>donable conceit ab\t ! ,romani nom9is umbram4 ,boe?ius' /ory is mo/ probably true4 ,"o _c ?9k t t man w\ld die ) a lie 9 8 m\?4 ,"o _c pass by1 z ! utt]ances ( a delib]ate hypocrisy1 ^? t\*+ appeals to 8 guid+ mi/ress1 t heav5ly wisdom :o has l$ him s long ^u ! pa?s ( tru? & virtue1 & :o seems to him1 9 8 mis]able cell1 to h betray$ him 9 8 h\r ( ne$4 ,heav5 =bid4 ,bett] to believe t ,dietri* committ$ once 9 8 life1 a fe>ful crime1 ?an t good ,boe?ius' fam\s book is su* ano!r z ! ,eikon ,basilike4 ,boe?ius1 aga91 says t ! ,go?ic c\rti]s hat$ him1 & suborn$ br&$ sc\ndrels to swe> away 8 life & t ( ! s5ate1 because he _h oppos$ '! h\nds ( ! palace1' ,amiga/1 ,trigulla1 & o!r gre$y b>b>ians4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 a ,go?ic p>ty & a ,roman p>ty ab\t ! c\rt2 & ea* hat$ ! o!r bitt]ly4 ,dietri* _h fav\r$ ! ,romans4 ,b ! ,go?s c\ld n h se5 su* m5 z ,symma*us & ,boe?ius ! confidants & c\nsellors ( ! ,amal1 )\t long+ = _! d[nfall2 & if1 z ,boe?ius & ! ,ca?olic hi/orians say1 ! :ole trag$y arose out ( a ,go?ic plot to de/roy ! ,roman p>ty1 su* ?+s h happ5$ b too (t5 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,! only facts :i* make aga9/ ! /ory are1 t ,cyprianus ! accus] 0 a ,roman1 & t ,cassiodorus1 :o mu/ h belong$ to ! ,roman p>ty1 n only is nev] m5tion$ dur+ ! :ole trag$y1 b 0 high 9 p[] "u ,!odatus & ,a?al>ic aft]w>ds4 ,add to ?is1 t !re 7 vague b wide-spread reports t ! ,go?s 7 9 dang]2 t ,dietri* at lea/ c\ld n be ignorant ( ! ambition & ! tal5ts ( t t]rible ,ju/9ian1 ,ju/9's nephew1 :o 0 soon to alt]1 = a g5]ation1 ! =tunes ( ! :ole ,empire1 & to sweep ! ,go?s f ,italy2 t m5's m9ds mu/ h be5 p]plex$ ) fe> ( *ange1 :5 !y recollect$ t ,dietri* 0 sev5ty ye>s old1 )\t a son to succe$ him1 & t a woman & a *ild w\ld soon rule t great p 9 a crisis1 :i* !y c\ld n b =esee4 ,we "k t ! ru9 came2 is x unreasonable to suppose t ! ,go?s =esaw x1 & made a desp]ate1 x may be a trea*]\s1 ef=t to cru% once & = all1 ! pr\d & n less trea*]\s s5ators ( ,rome8 ,s1 madd5$ ) ! fanci$ discov]y t ! man :om he _h hon\r$1 tru/$1 lov$1 0 conspir+ aga9/ him1 ,dietri* s5t ,boe?ius to prison4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 n to h be5 eag] = 8 dea?2 = ,boe?ius rema9$ !re long en\gh to write 8 noble book4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r fre% pro(s ( 8 suppos$ guilt 7 discov]$ or n1 ! day came :5 he mu/ die4 ,a cord 0 twi/$ r\nd 8 head 7probably to extort confession71 till 8 eyes bur/ f _! sockets1 & !n he 0 put out ( 8 mis]y by a club2 & s end$ ! la/ ,roman philosoph]4 ,symma*us1 8 fa!r-9-law1 0 behead$2 & ,pope ,john1 z we h he>d1 0 ?r[n into prison on 8 return1 & di$ aft] a few mon?s4 ,^! are ! trag$ies :i* h /a9$ = ev] ! "n ( ',!odoric ! ,great4' ,pope ,john seems to h fairly e>n$ 8 imprisonm5t4 ,= ! two o!rs1 we c only1 ,i fe>1 jo9 9 ! sacr$ pity 9 :i* _! memories h be5 embalm$ to all succe$+ g5]ations4 ,b we mu/ recollect1 t aft] all1 we "k b "o side ( ! "q4 ,! ,romans c\ld write2 ! ,go?s c\ld n3 !y may h be5 able to make out a fair case = !mselves2 !y may h believ$ truly 9 ! guilt ( ,boe?ius2 & if !y did1 no?+ less c\ld h happ5$1 by su* rules ( public law & ju/ice z 7 !n 9 vogue1 ?an did happ54 ,be t z x may1 ! de$ 0 done2 & ! puni%m5t1 if des]v$1 came soon en\gh4 ,sitt+ at d9n] 7s ! /ory runs71 ! head ( a fi% took 9 ,dietri*'s fancy ! %ape ( ,symma*us' head1 ! upp] tee? bit+ ! lip1 ! great eyes />+ at him4 ,he sprang up 9 horror2 took to 8 b$2 & !re1 compla9+ ( a mortal *ill1 wrapp+ himself up 9 heaps ( blankets1 & bewail+ to 8 physician ! dea? ( 8 two victims1 he di$ sadly 9 a few days4 ,& a c]ta9 holy h]mit1 "n n giv51 nor date ( ! vision1 saw ! gho/s ( ,boe?ius & ,symma*us lead ! ,amal's s\l up ! cone ( ,/romboli1 & hurl him 91 z ! ,engli% sailors saw old ,boots1 ! ,wapp+ usur]1 hurl$ into ! same place1 = (f5ces f> m capable ( pro(4 ,s runs ! /ory ( ,dietri*'s dea?4 ,x is p]fectly natural1 & v likely true4 ,8 contempor>ies1 :o all believ$ x1 saw 9 x pro( ( 8 enorm\s guilt1 & ! manife/ judgm5t ( ,god4 ,we %all r see 9 x a pro( ( ! e>ne/1 *ild-l1 hone/ nature ( ! man1 />tl$ into b\ndless horror & self-abasem5t1 by ! sudd5 revelation ( 8 crime4 ,truly bad m5 die easi] dea?s ?an t2 & g d[n to ! grave1 = ! mo/ "p1 bl9d & self-cont5t$1 &1 z !y ?9k1 unpuni%$2 & p]haps =giv54 ,aft] ,dietri* came ! deluge4 ,! royal head 0 gone4 ,! royal he>t rema9$ 9 ,amalasu5?a '! heav5ly beauty1' a daught] wor?y ( h] fa!r4 ,"o ( h] fir/ acts 0 to re/ore to ! wid[s & *ildr5 ( ! two victims ! e/ates :i* ,dietri* _h confiscat$4 ,t may1 or may n1 prove t %e ?\ght ! m5 innoc5t4 ,%e may h only felt x royal n to visit ! s9s ( ! fa!rs on ! *ildr52 & ^? fa!rs1 too1 h] own fri5ds & preceptors4 ,beautiful1 le>n$1 & wise1 %e too 01 l h] fa!r1 be=e h] age4 ,%e1 ! pupil ( ,boe?ius1 w\ld ne$s br+ up h] son ,a?al>ic 9 ,roman le>n+1 & fav\r ! ,romans 9 all ways2 nev] putt+ to dea? or ev5 f9+ any ( !m1 & keep+ d[n ! r\gh ,go?s1 :o 7 ready en\gh1 n[ ,dietri*'s h& 0 (f !m1 to ill-use ! conqu]$ ,italians4 ,! ,go?s soon grew to dislike h]1 & h] ,roman t5d5cies1 h] ,roman education ( ! lad4 ,"o day %e box$ 8 e>s = "s fault4 ,he ran cry+ out into ! ,held5saal1 & compla9$ to ! h]oes4 ,!y s5t a deputation to ,amalasu5?a1 insol5t en\gh4 ',! boy %\ld n be made a s*ol> (4' ',%e meant to kill ! boy & m>ry aga94 ,_h n old ,dietri* =bidd5 free ,go?s to g to s*oolma/]s1 & said1 t ! boy :o 0 taught to tremble at a cane1 w\ld nev] face a lance8' ,s !y took ! lad away f ! wom51 & made a ruffian ( him4 ,:at ) dr9k1 wom51 idl5ess1 & ! company ( wild "y fell[s l himself1 he 0 e>ly ru9$1 body & s\l4 ,poor ,amalasu5?a1 n kn[+ :i!r to turn1 took ! desp]ate resolution ( (f]+ ,italy to ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian4 ,%e did n "k t h] c\s9 ,!odatus _h be5 be=eh& ) h]--a bad old man1 gre$y & unju/1 ^: rapacity %e _h _h to control aga9 & aga91 & :o hat$ h] 9 return4 ,bo? s5d messages to ,ju/9ian4 ,! wily ,emp]or gave no direct answ]3 b s5t 8 ambassador to wat* ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! "y pr9ce di$ ( debau*]y1 & ! ,go?s :isp]$ t 8 "m _h poison$ him4 ,mean:ile ,!odatus w5t on f bad to worse2 accusations fl[$ 9 to ,amalasu5?a ( 8 lawless rapacity3 b he 0 too /rong = h]2 & %e1 los+ h] head m & m1 made ! desp]ate resolve ( m>ry+ him1 z ! only way to keep him quiet4 ,he 0 ! la/ male heir ( ! royal ,amalungs4 ,! m>riage w\ld set him "r 9 ! eyes ( ! ,go?s1 :ile x w\ld free h] f ! suspicion ( hav+ murd]$ h] son1 9 ord] to reign alone4 ,!odatus mean:ile 0 to h ! "n ( royalty2 b %e 0 to keep ! p[] & ! money--a fooli%1 confus$ plan1 :i* c\ld h b "o end+4 ,!odatus m>ri$ h] ( c\rse1 & !n ca/ h] into prison1 seiz$ all h] treasures1 & ?rew himself into ! arms ( t p>ty among ! ,go?s1 :o hat$ ,amalasu5?a = hav+ puni%$ _! oppressions4 ,! end 0 swift & sad4 ,by ! "t t ,ju/9ian's ambassador l&$1 ,amalasu5?a 0 /rangl$ 9 h] ba?2 & all t ,pet] ! ambassador _h to d 01 to cat* at ! cause ( qu>rel1 & decl>e 'inexpiable w>' on ! "p ( ,ju/9ian1 z ! av5g] ( ! ,que54 ,& !n began t dreadful ,ea/ ,go? w>1 :i* y may read = y\rselves 9 ! pages ( an eye-witness1 ,procopius2--a w> :i* de/roy$ utt]ly ! civilization ( ,dietri*'s long & prosp]\s reign1 left ,italy a des]t1 & ext]m9at$ ! ,roman p4 ,t 0 ! la/ woe3 b ( x ,i mu/ tell y 9 my next ,lecture4 ,,lecture ,,vi--,,! ,,nemesis ,,( ,,! ,,go?s4 ,( ?is truly dreadful ,go?ic w> ,i c give y b a ha/y sket*2 ( "s ( ! mo/ important figures 9 x1 n ev5 a sket*4 ,i _c conceive to myself1 & !re=e _c draw = y1 ! fam\s ,belis>ius4 ,0 he really ! /range comp\nd ( /r5g? & weakness :i* ,procopius1 & aft] him ,gibbon1 repres5t him8--a c>icature1 = good & evil1 ( our own fam\s ,m>lbor\gh8 ,y mu/ read & judge = y\rselves4 ,i _c1 at lea/ z yet1 (f] y any solution ( ! enigma4 ,/ill less c ,i conceive to myself ,n>ses1 liv+ till 8 grey hairs 9 ! effem9ate intrigues ( ! h>em1 & !n spr++ =? a g5]al2 ! ,w>rior ,eunu*2 ! misan?rope av5g+ 8 great wrong ^u all mank9d 9 bloody battle-fields2 d>k ( c\nsel1 & t]rible ( execution2 him to :om 9 aft] ye>s ! ,empress ,sophia s5t ^w t he 0 m fit to sp9 among maids ?an to comm& armies1 & he answ]$1 t he w\ld sp9 h] su* a ?read z %e c\ld n unravel2 & kept 8 ^w 7z leg5ds say7 by invit+ ! ,lomb>ds into ,italy4 ,lea/ ( all c ,i sket* ,ju/9ian ! ,great1 ! half-,teuton peasant1 :om 8 uncle ,ju/9 s5t = out ( ! ,d>danian hills1 to make him a demigod ^u e>?4 ,m5 :isp]$ 9 aft] ye>s t he 0 born ( a demon1 a demon himself1 pass+ :ole days )\t food1 w&]+ up & d[n 8 palace corridors all night1 resolv+ d>k ?+s1 & lab\r+ all day ) ,h]culean =ce to c>ry !m out4 ,no wond] he 0 ?\ght to be a demon1 w$d$ to a demon-wife4 ,! man is unfa?omable1 inexplicable2--m>ry+ delib]ately ! wick$e/ ( all wom51 pla9ly n = m]e beauty's sake1 b possibly because he saw 9 h] a cong5ial intellect2--fai?ful & lov+ to h] & %e to him1 amid all ! crimes ( _! foll[+ ye>s2--pi\s ) exce$+ devotion & or?odoxy1 & yet ) a piety utt]ly divorc$ f1 unconsci\s (1 ! commone/ morality2--disc]n+ & us+ ! greate/ m51 ,belis>ius & ,n>ses = example1 & ?r[+ !m away aga91 surely n 9 weak caprice1 :5ev] !y s]v$ him too well2--conqu]+ ,p]sians1 ,v&als1 ,go?s2 all b re-conqu]+1 9 fact1 ! c>case ,roman ,empire2--& !n try+ 7) a deep disc]nm5t ( ! value ( ,roman law7 to put a galvanic life into ! c>case by codify+ t law4 ,9 :atev] "w ,i f9d ?is man1 dur+ 8 long life1 he is to me inexplicable4 ,l\is ,,xi ( ,france is ! man mo/ l ,ju/9ian :om ,i "k1 b he1 too1 is a man n to be fa?om$ by me4 ,all ! facts ab\t ,ju/9ian y w f9d 9 ,gibbon4 ,i h no !ory by :i* to arrange & expla9 !m1 & !re=e c tell y no m ?an ,gibbon does4 ,s to ?is ,go?ic w>2 :i*1 y mu/ rememb]1 became possible = ,ju/9ian by ,belis>ius' hav+ j de/roy$ ! ,v&als out ( ,africa4 ,x began by ,belis>ius invad+ ! s\? ( ,italy4 ,witigis 0 elect$ w>-k+ ( ! ,go?s1 '! man ( witty c\nsels1' :o did n fulfil 8 "n2 :ile ,!odatus 7,!od-aht 'e/eem$ by ! p' z 8 "n meant7 _h fall5 into utt] dise/eem1 aft] "s la/ villa9y ab\t money2 _h be5 /ruck d[n 9 ! road by ! man he _h injur$2 & !re _h 8 ?roat cut1 'resup9us in/> victimae jugulatus4' ,he _h consult$ a ,jew div9] j be=e1 :o _h giv5 him a w>n+4 ,?irty pigs1 signify+ ! unclean ,g5tiles1 ! ,jew %ut up 9 ?ree /ies2 nam+ t5 ,go?s1 t5 ,romans1 & t5 ,imp]iali/s ( ,belis>ius' army1 & left !m to />ve4 ,at ! end !y f\nd dead all ! ,go?s b two1 h>dly any ( ! ,imp]iali/s1 & half ! ,romans3 b ! five ,roman pigs :o 7 left _h lo/ _! bri/les--b>e to ! sk91 z ! ev5t prov$4 ,aft] t ,!odatus _h no he>t to fight1 & end$ 8 dog's life by a dog's dea?1 z we h se54 ,note also ?is1 t !re 0 a g5]al feel+ ( com+ ru92 t !re 7 qua9t signs & om5s4 ,we h he>d ( ! pigs :i* w>n$ ! ,go?s4 ,"h is ano!r4 ,!re 0 a ,mosaic picture ( ,!odoric at ,naples2 x _h be5 crumbl+ to pieces at int]vals1 & e fre% d[nfall _h m>k$ ! dea? ( an ,amal4 ,n[ ! la/ rema9s w5t d[n1 to ! v feet1 & ! ,romans believ$ t x =etold ! end ( ! ,amal dyna/y4 ,!re 0 a ,sibyll9e oracle too2 ',qu9tili m5se ,roma nihil ,geticum metuet4' ,"h1 too1 we f9d ! la/ trace ( hea!nism1 ( t political my?ology :i* _h s inextricably int]wov5 itself ) ! life & hi/ory ( ! city4 ,! %r9e ( ,janus 0 /ill /&+1 all ( bronze1 only j l>ge en\gh1 ,procopius says1 to conta9 ! bronze image ( ,janus ,bifrons4 ,! gates1 dur+ ,*ri/ian c5turies1 _h nev] be5 op5$1 ev5 9 w> "t4 ,n[ p w5t by night1 & tri$ to =ce !m op53 b h>dly succe$$4 ,belis>ius g>rison$ ,rome1 & ! ,go?s attack$ x1 b 9 va94 ,y mu/ read ! /ory ( t fam\s siege 9 ! really brilliant pages ( old ,procopius1 ! la/ good hi/orian ( ! old _w4 ,moreov]1 & ?is is mo/ important1 ,belis>ius rais$ ! native population aga9/ ! ,go?s4 ,z he _h done 9 ,africa1 :5 9 "o %ort campaign he utt]ly de/roy$ ! n[ effem9ate ari/ocracy ( ! ,v&als1 s he did 9 ,italy4 ,by real ju/ice & k9dness2 by proclaim+ himself ! deliv]] ( ! conqu]$ f ! yoke ( =eign tyrants1 he isolat$ ! slave-hold+ ari/ocracy ( ! ,go?s f ! mass ( ! inhabitants ( ,italy4 ,belis>ius & ! ,go?s met1 & ! ,go?s conqu]$4 ,b to take ,rome 0 beyond _! p[]2 & aft] t a long mis]able w> /ruggl$ & wrangl$ up & d[n ov] ! wret*$ l&2 city aft] city 0 tak5 & de/roy$1 n[ by ,roman1 n[ by ,go?4 ,! l&s lay wa/e1 ! p disappe>$ 9 t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,all great ,dietri*'s "w ( ?irty ye>s 0 trampl$ into mud4 ,!re 7 horrible sieges & de/ructions by bo? p>ties2--sack ( ,milan by ,go?s1 sack ( ,rim9i & ! c\ntry r\nd by ,romans2 horrors ( fam9e at ,auximum2 two wom5 :o kept an inn1 kill+ & eat+ sev5te5 m51 till ! eighte5? discov]$ ! trap & kill$ !m4 ,ev]y:]e1 z ,i say1 good ,dietri*'s "w ( ?irty ye>s trampl$ into gory mud4 ,!n ,!udeb]t & 8 false ,franks came d[n to see :at !y c\ld get2 all 7save a few knights r\nd ! k+7 on foot1 )\t b[ or lance2 b arm$ ) sword1 %ield1 & heavy %ort-h&l$ d\ble-edg$ francisc1 or battle-axe4 ,at ! bridge ov] ! ,tic9us !y 7nom9al ,ca?olics7 sacrific$ ,go?ic wom5 & *ildr5 ) horrid rites1 f\ght alike ,go?s & ,romans1 lo/ a ?ird ( _! army by dys5t]y1 & w5t home aga94 ,at la/1 aft] m horrors1 ,vitigis & 8 ,go?s 7 driv5 into ,rav5na4 ,ju/9ian treat$ = peace2 & !n foll[$ a /range p]ipeteia1 :i* we h1 happily1 f an eye-witness1 ,procopius himself4 ,! ,roman g5]als outside confess$ _! *ance ( success hopeless4 ,! ,go?s inside1 tir$ ( ! sl[ ,vitigis1 s5d out to ! great ,belis>ius1 ,w he be _! k+8 ,k+ ov] !m !re 9 ,italy8 ,he promis$1 mean+ to break 8 promise2 & to ! a/oni%m5t & delight ( ! ,romans1 ! simple & hone/ b>b>ians op5$ ! gates ( ,rav5na1 & let 9 him & 8 ,romans1 to f9d !mselves betray$ & enslav$4 ',:5 ,i saw our troops m>* 91' says ,procopius1 ',i felt x 0 ,god's do+1 s to turn _! m9ds4 ,! ,go?s1' he says1 '7 f> sup]ior 9 numb]s & 9 /r5g?2 & _! wom51 :o _h fanci$ ^! ,romans to be mighty m5 ( val\r1 spit 9 ! faces ( _! huge husb&s1 & po9t+ to ! little ,romans1 reproa*$ !m ) hav+ surr5d]$ to su* ?+s z t4' ,b ! folly 0 committ$4 ,belis>ius c>ri$ !m away captive to ,con/ant9ople1 & s end$ ! fir/ act ( ! ,go?ic w>4 ,9 ! mom5t ( victory ! envy ( ! ,byzant9e c\rt undid all t x _h done4 ,belis>ius return$ ) 8 captives to ,rome1 n = a triumph1 b = a disgrace2 & ,italy 0 left op5 to ! ,go?s1 if !y _h m5 & he>t to rise once m4 ,& !y did rise4 ,among ! remnant ( ! race 0 left a h]o1 ,totila by "n2--a ,teuton ( ! anci5t /amp4 ,totilas1 'free f dea?'--'! dea?less "o1' !y say 8 "n means4 ,"u him ! nation rose once m z out ( ! gr\nd4 ,a ,teuton ( ! anci5t /amp he 01 j & m]ciful exce$+ly4 ,take b two in/ances ( him1 & "k ! man by !m4 ,he retook ,naples4 ,! ,romans )9 7 />v+4 ,he f$ !m2 b le/ !y %\ld die ( ! sudd5 repletion1 he kept !m 9 by gu>ds at ea* gate1 & f$ !m up m & m ea* day1 till x 0 safe to let !m out1 to f9d food = !mselves 9 ! c\ntry4 ,a ,roman came to compla9 t a ,go? _h violat$ 8 daught]4 ,he %all die1 said ,totila4 ,he %all n die1 said ! ,go?s4 ,he is a valiant h]o4 ,!y came clam\r+ to ! k+4 ,he answ]$ !m quietly & firmly4 ,!y may *oose to-day1 :e!r to let ?is man g unpuni%$1 or to save ! ,go?ic nation & w9 ! victory4 ,d !y n recollect h[ at ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 !y _h brave soldi]s1 fam\s g5]als1 c\ntless treasures1 horses1 weapons1 & all ! =ts ( ,italy8 ,& yet "u ,!odatus1 a man :o lov$ gold bett] ?an ju/ice1 !y _h s ang]$ ,god by _! unrighte\s lives1 t--:at _h happ5$ !y knew b too well4 ,n[ ,god _h seem$ to h av5g$ himself on !m en\gh4 ,he _h begun a new c\rse ) !m4 ,!y mu/ beg9 a new c\rse ) him2 & ju/ice 0 ! only pa?4 ,z = ! man's be+ a valiant h]o3 let !m "k t ! unju/ & ! ravi%] 7 nev] brave 9 fight2 b t accord+ to a man's life1 su* 0 8 luck 9 battle4 ,8 noble words came all b true4 ,! feeble g5]als :o 7 fill+ ,belis>ius's place 7 beat5 "o by "o1 & almo/ all ,italy 0 reconqu]$4 ,belis>ius _h to be s5t back aga9 to ,italy3 b ! envy1 :e!r ( ,ju/9ian himself1 or ( ! two wick$ wom5 :o rul$ 8 c\rt1 all[$ him s small a =ce t he c\ld d no?+4 ,totila & ! ,go?s came d[n once m to ,rome4 ,belis>ius 9 agony s5t = re9=cem5ts1 & got !m2 b too late4 ,he c\ld n relieve ,rome4 ,! ,go?s _h mass$ !mselves r\nd ! city1 & ,belis>ius1 hav+ got to ,o/ia 7,portus7 at ! ,tib]'s m\?1 c\ld get no fur!r4 ,?is 0 ! la/ woe2 ! actual dea?-agony ( anci5t ,rome4 ,! fam9e grew & grew4 ,! wret*$ ,romans cri$ to ,bessas & 8 g>rison1 ei!r to fe$ !m or to kill !m out ( _! mis]y4 ,!y w\ld d nei!r4 ,!y c\ld h>dly at la/ fe$ !mselves4 ,! ,romans ate nettles (f ! ru9s1 & worse ?+s /ill4 ,!re 0 n a dog or a rat left4 ,!y ev5 kill$ !mselves4 ,"o fa!r ( five *ildr5 c\ld be> no long] _! cries = food4 ,he wrapp$ 8 head 9 8 mantle1 & sprang into ! ,tib]1 :ile ! *ildr5 look$ on4 ,! survivors w&]$ ab\t l spectres1 br[n ) hung]1 & dropp$ dead ) half-*ew$ nettles betwe5 _! lips4 ,to ?is1 says ,procopius1 _h =tune br\ght ! ,roman s5ate & p4 ,nay1 n =tune1 b wick$ness4 ,!y _h wi%$ to play at be+ free1 :ile !y !mselves 7 ! slaves ( s94 ,& /ill ,belis>ius 0 com+1--& /ill he did n come4 ,he 0 =c+ 8 way up ! ,tib]2 he _h brok5 ,totila's *a91 burnt a t[] full ( ,go?s1 & ! city 0 on ! po9t ( be+ reliev$1 :5 "o ,isaac made a fool ( himself1 & 0 tak5 by ! ,go?s4 ,belis>ius fanci$ t ,portus1 8 base ( op]ations1 ) all 8 supplies1 & ,antonia1 ! wor?less wife on :om he dot$1 7 gone4 ,he lo/ 8 head1 0 beat5 t]ribly1 fell back on ,o/ia1 & !n ! end came4 ,isaurians f )9 help$ 9 ,go?s by night4 ,! ,as9>ian gate 0 op5$1 & ,rome 0 9 ! h&s ( ! ,go?s4 ,& :at 0 left8 ,:at ( all ! pomp & glory1 ! spoils ( ! _w1 ! millions ( inhabitants8 ,five or six s5ators1 :o _h tak5 refuge 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & "s five hundr$ ( ! plebs2 ,pope ,pelagius cr\*+ at ,totila's feet1 & cry+ = m]cy2 & ,ru/iciana1 daught] ( ,symma*us1 ,boe?ius' wid[1 ) o!r noble wom51 9 slaves' rags1 knock+ )\t %ame at door aft] door to beg a bit ( bread4 ,& t 0 :at 0 left ( ,rome4 ,g5tlem51 ,i make no comm5t4 ,i "k no m awful page 9 ! hi/ory ( ,europe4 ,?r\gh su* facts z ^! ,god speaks4 ,let man be sil5t2 & look on 9 fe> & trembl+1 kn[+ t x 0 writt5 ( old "t--,! wages ( s9 are dea?4 ,! ,go?s want$ to kill ,ru/iciana4 ,%e _h s5t money to ! ,roman g5]als2 %e _h ?r[n d[n ,dietri*'s /atues1 9 rev5ge = ! dea? ( h] fa!r & h] husb&4 ,totila w\ld n let !m t\* h]4 ,nei!r maid1 wife1 nor wid[1 says ,procopius1 0 ! worse = any ,go?4 ,next day he call$ ! h]oes toge!r4 ,he is go+ to tell !m ! old tale1 he says--,h[ 9 ,vitigis' "t at ,rav5na1 #gjjj ,greeks _h conqu]$ & robb$ ( k+dom & lib]ty #bjj1jjj ri* & well-arm$ ,go?s4 ,& n[ t !y 7 raw levies1 few1 nak$1 wret*$1 !y _h conqu]$ m ?an #bj1jjj ( ! enemy4 ,& :y8 ,because ( old !y _h look$ to ev]y?+ r ?an to ju/ice2 !y _h s9n$ aga9/ ea* o!r & ! ,romans4 ,!re=e !y mu/ *oose1 & be j m5 h5ce=?1 & h ,god ) !m1 or unju/1 & h ,god aga9/ !m4 ,!n he s5ds = ! wret*$ remnant ( ! s5ators & tells !m ! pla9 tru?3--,h[ ! great ,dietri* & 8 successors _h heap$ !m ) hon\r & weal?2 & h[ !y _h return$ 8 b5efits by br++ 9 ! ,greeks4 ,& :at _h !y ga9$ by *ang+ ,dietri* = ,ju/9ian8 ,logo!tes1 :o =c$ !m by bl[s to pay up ! money :i* !y _h already paid to _! ,go?ic rul]s2 & rev5ue exact$ alike 9 w> & 9 peace4 ,slaves !y des]ve to be2 & slaves !y %all be h5ce=?4 ,!n he s5ds to ,ju/9ian4 ,he %all )draw 8 army f ,italy1 & make peace ) him4 ,he w be 8 ally & 8 son 9 arms1 z ,dietri* _h be5 to ! ,emp]ors be=e him1 or if n1 he w kill ! s5ate1 de/roy ,rome1 & m>* into ,illyricum4 ,ju/9ian leaves x to ,belis>ius4 ,!n ,totila beg9s to de/roy ,rome4 ,he batt]s d[n ! walls1 he is ready to burn ! t[n4 ,he w turn ! evil place into a %eep-pa/ure4 ,belis>ius flatt]s & cajoles him f 8 purpose1 & he m>*es away ) all 8 captives1 leav+ n a liv+ s\l 9 ,rome4 ,b ,totila %ews himself a g5]al unable to cope ) t great tactician4 ,he divides 8 =ces1 & all[s ,belis>ius to />t out ( ,o/ia & =tify himself 9 ,rome4 ,! ,go?s are furi\s at 8 ra%ness3 b x is too late1 & ! w> beg9s aga91 up & d[n ! wret*$ l&1 till ,belis>ius is recall$ by "s fre% c\rt intrigue ( 8 wick$ wife1 & ano!r & ev5 m t]rible enemy appe>s on ! field1 ,n>ses ! eunu*1 av5g+ 8 wrong ^u 8 fell[-m5 by cunn+ & c\rage almo/ pret]natural4 ,he comes ^u !m ) a mighty ho/3 b n ( ,romans alone4 ,he has ga!r$ ! ,teuton tribes2--,h]ules1 ! desc5dants probably ( ,odoac]'s conf$]ates2 ,gepids1 :o h a long blood-feud aga9/ ! ,go?s2 & mo/ t]rible ( all1 ,albo9 ) 8 five ?\s& m ,burgundians1 ( :om y w he> en\gh h]eaft]4 ,we read ev5 ( multitudes ( ,huns1 & ev5 ( ,p]sian des]t]s f ! ,*osroo4 ,b ,n>ses' policy is ! old ,roman "o--,teuton mu/ de/roy ,teuton4 ,& x succe$s4 ,9 spite ( "s tr\ble ) ! ,franks1 :o are hold+ ,v5etia1 he m>*es d[n victori\s ?r\gh ! wa/$ l&1 & ,totila m>*es to meet him 9 ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! h]o makes 8 la/ spee*4 ,he says1 ',!re w be no ne$ to talk h5ce=?4 ,?is day w end ! w>4 ,!y are n to fe> ^! hir$ ,huns1 ,h]ules1 ,lomb>ds1 fight+ = money4 ,let !m hold toge!r l desp]ate m54' ,s !y fight x out4 ,! ,go?s dep5d+ entirely on ! lance1 ! ,romans on a due use ( e k9d ( weapon4 ,! trem5d\s *>ge ( ! ,go?ic knights is /opp$ by %[]s ( ,hun & ,h]ule arr[s1 & !y roll back aga9 & aga9 9 disord] on ! foot3 b 9 spite ( ! f> sup]ior numb]s ( ! ,romans1 x is n till nightfall t ,n>ses ord]s a g5]al advance ( 8 l9e4 ,! ,go?s try "o la/ *>ge2 b appall$ by ! numb]s ( ! enemy1 break up1 &1 fall+ back on ! foot1 ?r[ !m into confusion1 & all is lo/4 ,! foot are cut d[n fly+4 ,! knights ride = _! lives4 ,totila & five horsem5 are caught up by ,asbad ! ,gepid *ief4 ,asbad puts 8 lance 9 re/1 n kn[+ :o 0 be=e him4 ',dog1' cries ,totila's page1 'wilt ?\ /rike ?y "l8' ,b x is too late4 ,asbad's lance goes ?r\gh 8 back1 & he drops on 8 horse's neck4 ,scipw> 7,%ipw>d7 ! ,go? w\nds ,asbad1 & falls w\nd$ himself4 ,! re/ c>ry (f ,totila4 ,he dies t night1 aft] reign+ elev5 /ormy ye>s4 ,! ,go?s flee across ! ,po4 ,!re is "o m /ruggle = life1 & "o m h]o left4 ,teia by "n1 '! sl[ "o1' sl[1 b /rong4 ,he %all be k+ n[4 ,!y lift him on ! %ield1 & ga!r r\nd him desp]ate1 b det]m9$ to die h>d4 ,he f9ds ! treasure ( ,totila1 hid 9 ,pisa4 ,he s5ds to ,!udebald & 8 ,franks4 ,w !y help him aga9/ ! ,roman1 & !y %all h ! treasure2 ! la/ remnant ( ! ,nibelung5 ho>d4 ,no4 ,! ,lueg5feld5 w n come4 ,!y w /& by & see ! but*]y1 on ! *ance ( gett+ all ,italy = !mselves4 ,n>ses /orms ,rome--or r a little "p ( x r\nd ,hadrian's ,mole1 :i* ! ,go?s _h =tifi$2 & ! ,go?s escape d[n into ,campania1 mad ) rage4 ,t victory ( ,n>ses1 says ,procopius1 br\ght only a m dreadful de/ruction on ! ,roman s5ate & p4 ,! ,go?s1 z !y g d[n1 murd] e ,roman !y meet4 ,! day ( grace :i* ,totila _h giv5 !m is ov]4 ,! ,teutons 9 ,n>ses' army d mu* ! same4 ,:at matt] to ,burgunds & ,h]ules :o 0 :o1 provid$ !y _h any ?+ to be plund]$ (8 ,totila has all[$ _m ,roman s5ators to live 9 ,campania4 ,!y he> t ,n>ses has tak5 ,rome1 !y beg9 to flock to ! gha/ly ru94 ,p]haps !re w be once aga9 a phantom s5ate1 phantom consuls1 "u ! ,romani nom9is umbram4 ,! ,go?s cat* !m1 & kill !m to a man4 ,& !re is an end ( ! ,s5atus ,populusque ,romanus4 ,! end is ne> n[4 ,& yet ^! t]rible ,go?s _c be kill$ out ( ! way4 ,on ! slopes ( ,vesuvius1 by ,nuc]ia1 !y =tify a camp2 & z long z !y are ma/]s ( ! neighb\r+ sea1 = two mon?s !y keep ,n>ses at bay4 ,at la/ he br+s up an innum]able fleet1 cuts (f _! supplies2 & !n ! end comes4 ,! ,go?s w die l desp]ate m5 on foot4 ,!y bur/ out ( camp1 turn _! horses loose1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,g]man knights--,"o he>s ( ! fa%ion aga9 & aga9 9 ! middle age1--& ru% ^u ! enemy 9 deep solid column4 ,! ,romans h h>dly "t to =m "s sort ( l9e2 & !n n ! real ,romans1 ,i presume1 b ! ,burgunds & ,gepids1 turn _! horses loose l ! ,go?s4 ,!re is no ne$ = tactics2 ! fight is h& to h&2 e man1 says ,procopius1 ru%+ at ! man ne>e/ him4 ,= a ?ird ( ! day ,teia fights 9 front1 %elt]$ by 8 long pavisse1 /abb+ ) a mighty lance at ! mob :i* makes at him1 z dogs at a bo> at bay4 ,procopius is aw$ by ! man4 ,mo/ probably he saw him ) 8 own eyes4 ,second 9 val\r1 he says1 to none ( ! ,h]oes4 ,aga9 & aga9 8 %ield is full ( d>ts4 ,)\t mov+ a foot1 )\t turn+ an in* "r or left1 says ,procopius1 he cat*es ano!r f 8 %ield-be>]1 & fights on4 ,at la/ he has twelve lances 9 8 %ield1 & _c move x3 coolly he calls = a fre% "o1 z if he 7 fix$ to ! soil1 ?ru/s back ! enemy ) 8 left h&1 & /abs at !m ) 8 "r4 ,b 8 "t is come4 ,z he %ifts 8 %ield = a mom5t 8 *e/ is expos$1 & a javel9 is ?r\gh him4 ,& s ends ! la/ h]o ( ! ,ea/ ,go?s4 ,!y put 8 head ^u a pole1 & c>ry x r\nd ! l9es to fright5 ! ,go?s4 ,! ,go?s are long pa/ fright5+4 ,all day long1 & all ! next day1 did ! ,g]mans fight on1 ,burgund & ,gepid aga9/ ,go?1 nei!r giv+ nor tak+ qu>t]1 ea* man dy+ :]e he /ood1 till human /r5g? c\ld be> up no long]1 :ile ,n>ses sat by1 l an ugly ,troll z he 01 smil+ to see ! ,teuton slay ! ,teuton1 = ! sake ( _! common enemy4 ,!n ! ,go?s s5t d[n to ,n>ses4 ,!y 7 fight+ aga9/ ,god4 ,!y w\ld give 91 & g _! ways peaceably1 & live ) "s o!r ,teuton nations aft] _! own laws4 ,!y _h _h en\gh ( ,italy1 poor fell[s1 & ( ! ,nibelung5 ho>d4 ,only ,n>ses1 t !y might buy food on ! j\rney back1 mu/ let !m h _! money1 :i* he _h tak5 9 v>i\s t[ns ( ,italy4 ,n>ses agre$4 ,!re 0 no use fight+ m ) desp]ate m54 ,!y %\ld g 9 peace4 ,& he kept 8 fai? ) !m4 ,p]haps he d>$ n break x4 ,he let !m g1 l a w\nd$ lion crawl+ away f ! hunt]1 up ?r\gh ,italy1 & ov] ! ,po1 to vani%4 ,!y & _! "n became absorb$ 9 o!r nations1 & hi/ory kn[s ! ,ea/ ,go?s no m4 ,s p]i%$1 by _! own s9s1 a noble nation2 & 9 p]i%+1 de/roy$ utt]ly ! ,roman p4 ,aft] w> & fam9e foll[$ z usual dreadful pe/il5ce1 & ,italy lay wa/e = ye>s4 ,h5ce=? ! ,italian population 0 n ,roman1 b a mixture ( all races1 ) a mo/ p[]ful1 b an entirely new type ( "*4 ,rome 0 no m ,s5atorial1 b ,papal4 ,& :y did ^! ,go?s p]i%1 9 spite ( all _! val\r & patriotism1 at ! h&s ( m]c5>ies8 ,!y 7 en]vat$1 no d\bt1 z ! ,v&als _h be5 9 ,africa1 by ! luxuri\s s\!rn climate1 ) its g>d5s1 palaces1 & w9es4 ,b ,i h indicat$ a /rong] reason already3--!y p]i%$ because !y 7 a slave-hold+ ari/ocracy4 ,we mu/ n blame !m4 ,all m5 !n held slaves3 b ! orig9al s9 0 _! ru91 ?\gh !y knew x n4 ,x help$1 d\btless1 to debau* !m2 to tempt !m to ! indulg5ce ( ^? fi]ce & gre$y passions1 :i* mu/1 9 ! long run1 l[] ! morality ( slavehold]s2 & :i*1 z ,totila told !m1 _h drawn d[n on !m ! ang] ( heav54 ,b m2 ?\gh !y re=m$ _! morals1 & t nobly1 "u ! /]n tea*+ ( affliction1 t c\ld n save !m4 ,!y 7 ru9$ by ! inh]5t weakness ( all slavehold+ /ates2 ! v weakness :i* _h ru9$1 9 pa/ ye>s1 ! ,roman ,empire4 ,!y _h no middle class1 :o c\ld keep up _! supplies1 by ex]cis+ = !m dur+ w> ! arts ( peace4 ,!y _h no l[] class1 :om !y d>e entru/ ) arms1 & f :om !y might recruit _! ho/s4 ,!y c\ld n call a :ole population into ! field1 & :5 beat5 9 t field1 c>ry on1 z ,brita9 w\ld :5 invad$1 a gu]illa w>f>e f wood to wood1 & h$ge to h$ge1 z long z a coign ( vantage-gr\nd 0 left4 ,!y f\nd !mselves a small army ( g5tlem51 *ivalr\s & valiant1 z slavehold]s ( our race h always be52 b less5+ day by day f battle & disease1 ) no means ( recruit+ _! numb]s2 :ile bel[ !m & ap>t f !m lay ! great mass ( ! population1 helpless1 un>m$1 degrad$1 ready to side ) any or e "o :o w\ld give !m bread1 or let !m e>n x = !mselves 7= slaves mu/ eat1 ev5 ?\gh _! ma/]s />ve71 & c>eless (1 if n ev5 ho/ile to1 _! ma/]s' int]e/s1 ! mom5t ^? ma/]s 7 gone to ! w>s4 ,9 su* a case1 no?+ 0 be=e !m1 save c]ta9 defeat at la/ by an enemy :o c\ld p\r 9 ev] fre% troops ( m]c5>ies1 & :o _h ! comm& ( ! seas4 ,i may seem to be describ+ ! case ( a mod]n & j z valiant & noble a p4 ,i d n m5tion its "n4 ,! p>allel1 ,i fe>1 is too complete1 n to h already sugge/$ itself to y4 ,,lecture ,,vii--,,paulus ,,diaconus ,& n[ ,i come to ! f9al settlem5t ( ,italy & ! ,lomb>d race2 & to d t well1 ,i mu/ introduce y to-day to an old *ronicl]--a v valuable1 & z f> z we "k1 fai?ful writ]--,paul ,w>nefrid1 alias ,paul ! ,deacon4 ,i %all n tr\ble y ) mu* comm5t>y on him2 b let him1 z mu* z possible1 tell 8 own /ory4 ,he may n be always q accurate1 b y w get no "o m accurate4 ,9 ! long run1 y w "k no?+ ab\t ! matt]1 save :at he tells y2 s be cont5t ) :at y c get4 ,let him %ew y :at sort ( an acc\nt ( 8 nation1 & ! _w 9 g5]al1 a ,lomb>d g5tleman & cl]gyman c\ld give1 at ! end ( ! #h? c5tury4 ,y recollect ! ,lomb>ds1 ( :om ,tacitus says1 ',longob>dos paucitas nobilitat4' ,paulus ,w>nefrid 0 "o ( _! desc5dants1 & 8 hi/ory c>ries out ! exact tru? ( ,tacitus' words4 ,he too speaks ( !m z a v small tribe4 ,he c\ld n =esee h[ mu* ! 'nobilitat' meant4 ,he knew 8 folk z a brave semi-feudal race1 :o _h conqu]$ ! great] "p ( ,italy1 & till$ & rul$ x well2 :o 7 n[ conqu]$ by ,*>lemagne1 & annex$ to ! great ,frank ,empire1 b )\t los+ any?+ ( _! di/9ctive national "*4 ,he did n =esee t !y w\ld become ! ar*itects1 ! m]*ants1 ! goldsmi?s1 ! bank]s1 ! sci5tific agriculturi/s ( all ,europe4 ,we "k x4 ,:5ev] 9 ,london or any o!r great city1 y see a ',lomb>d ,/reet1' an old /reet ( goldsmi?s & bank]s--or ! ?ree gold5 balls ( ,lomb>dy ov] a pawnbrok]'s %op--or 9 ! c\ntry a field ( rye-grass1 or a pat* ( luc]ne--recollect ?is wise & noble p1 & ?ank ! ,lomb>ds = :at !y h done = mank9d4 ,paulus is a g>rul\s hi/orian1 b a valuable "o1 j because he is g>rul\s4 ,?\gh he turn$ monk & deacon 9 middle life1 he has n sunk ! man 9 ! monk1 & become a cosmopolite1 l mo/ ,roman ecclesia/ics1 :o h no love or hate = human be+s save z !y are fri5ds or enemies ( ! pope1 or _! own abbey4 ,he has reta9$ en\gh ( ! ,lomb>d g5tleman to be pr\d ( 8 family1 8 c\ntry1 & ! old leg5ds ( 8 race1 :i* he tells1 half-a%am$1 b ) evid5t enjoym5t4 ,he 0 born at beautiful ,friuli1 ) ! jagg$ sn[-l9e ( ! ,alps beh9d him1 & be=e him ! sun & ! sea1 & ! pla9s ( ,po2 he 0 a c\rti] z a boy 9 ,desid]ius' c\rt at ,pavia1 & !n1 :5 ,*>lemagne de/roy$ ! ,lomb>d mon>*y1 seems to h be5 mu* ) ! great k+ at ,aix4 ,he c]ta9ly end$ 8 life z a ,b5$ict9e monk1 at ,monte ,cas9o1 ab\t #gii2 hav+ writt5 a ,life ( ,/4 ,gregory2 ,homilies long & _m2 ! ,app5dix to ,eutropius 7! ,hi/oria ,miscella1 z x is usually call$7 up to ,ju/9ian's "t2 & above all1 ?is hi/ory ( ! ,lomb>ds1 8 =efa!rs1 :i* ,i %all take z my text4 ,to me1 & ,i believe to ! great ,g]man antiqu>ies1 8 hi/ory seems a model hi/ory ( a nation4 ,y wat* ! p & _! /ory rise be=e y out ( fable into fact2 out ( ! dre>y d>kness ( ! unkn[n nor?1 into ! cle> light ( civiliz$ ,roman hi/ory4 ,! fir/ *apt] is ',( ,g]many1 h[ x n\ri%es mu* p1 & !re=e _m nations g =? ( x4' ,! reason :i* he gives = ! imm5se population is significant4 ,! fur!r to ! nor?1 & ! cold]1 ! m heal?y he consid]s ! _w to be1 & m fit = bre$+ human be+s2 :]eas ! s\?1 be+ ne>] to ! heat ( ! sun1 always ab\nds ) diseases4 ,! fact really is1 ,i presume1 t ,italy 7all ! s\? :i* he knew71 & p]haps mo/ ( ! once ,roman empire1 7 dur+ ! #f? & #g? c5turies pe/il5tial4 ,ru9$ cities1 /opt wat]c\rses1 cultivat$ l& fall+ back into m>% & des]t1 a soil too (t5 saturat$ ) human corpses--(f]$ all ! elem5ts = pe/il5ce4 ,if ! once popul\s ,campagna ( ,rome be n[ un9habitable f mal>ia1 :at mu/ x h be5 9 ,paul ,w>nefrid's "t8 ,be t z x may1 ?is is 8 !ory4 ,!n he tells u h[ 8 p 7 at fir/ call$ ,w9ils2 & h[ !y came out ( ,scania ,insula4 ,sw$5 is (t51 naturally1 an isl& ) ! e>ly *ronicl]s2 only ! s\? 0 kn[n to !m4 ,! nor? 0 magical1 unkn[n1 ,qu5l&1 ! dwell+-place ( ,yotuns1 ,elves1 ,trolls1 ,scratl+s1 & all o!r uncanny inhumanities4 ,! ,w9ils f9d t !y are gr[+ too _m = ,scanl&1 & !y divide into ?ree p>ties4 ,two %all /ay beh9d1 & ! ?ird g out to seek _! =tunes4 ,:i* %all g is to be decid$ by lot4 ,! ?ird on :om ! lot falls *oose z w>-k+s1 two bro!rs1 ,ayo & ,ibor1 & ) !m _! "m1 ,gamb>a1 ! ,alruna-wife1 prud5t & wise exce$+ly--& !y g =?4 ,b be=e ,paul c g too1 he has a ?+ or two to say1 :i* he mu/ n =get1 ab\t ! wild my/]i\s nor? f :i* 8 =efa!rs came4 ,fir/ h[1 9 ^? v extreme p>ts ( ,g]many1 9 a cave on ! ocean %ore1 lie ! sev5 sleep]s4 ,h[ !y got ?i!r f ,ephesus1 ,i _c tell1 /ill less h[ !y %\ld be at once !re on ! ,baltic %ore1 & at ,ephesus--z ,mohamm$ himself believ$1 & ,edw>d ! ,confessor taught--& at ,m>m\ti] by ,t\rs1 & probably else:]e beside4 ,be t z x may1 !re !y are1 ! sev5 m>tyrs1 sleep+ = ev] 9 _! ,roman dresses1 :i* "s wild fell[ tri$ to pull (f once1 & _h 8 arms )]$ z a puni%m5t4 ,& ,paul tru/s t !y w awake "s day1 & by _! prea*+ save ! s\ls ( ! hea!n ,w5ds & ,f9ns :o haunt ^? p>ts4 ,! ,teutonic knights1 h[ev]1 & n ! sev5 sleep]s1 did t good "w4 ,only _! dog is n ) !m1 x appe>s2--! sacr$ dog :i* wat*es !m till ! judgm5t day1 :5 x is to g up to heav51 ) ,noah's dove1 & ,balaam's ass1 & ,alborah ! camel1 & all ! holy bea/s4 ,! dog mu/ h be5 left beh9d at ,ephesus4 ,!n he mu/ tell u ab\t ! ,scrit(9ns ( ! ,bo?nia gulf2 wild ,lapps & ,f9ns1 :o h n[ retreat$ be=e ! ,teutonic race4 ,9 ,paul ,w>nefrid's eyes !y are little wild hopp+ creatures--:5ce !y d]ive _! "n1 he says--,scrit(9ns1 ! hopp+1 or scrambl+ ,f9ns4 ,scrattels1 ,skretles1 (t5 figure 9 ! ,norse tales z hopp+ dw>fs1 half magical #aeh4 ,! ,norse discov]]s ( ,am]ica recogniz$ ! ,skraell+s 9 ! ,esquimaux1 & fl$ f !m 9 panic t]ror2 till t furi\s virago ,freydisa1 ,?orv>d's wife1 & ,eirek ! ,r$'s daught]1 caught up a dead man's sword1 & put to flight1 s+le-h&$1 ! legion ( little imps4 ,o!rs1 wis]1 or too wise1 say t ,paul is wrong2 t ,skrikf9s is ! "r "n1 s call$ f _! 'screek+'1 scream+1 & jabb]+1 :i* d\btless ! little fell[s did1 l\dly en\gh4 ,be t z x may1 !y appe> to ,paul 7or r to 8 in=mants1 ,w5di% m]*ants probably1 :o came d[n to ,*>lemagne's c\rt at ,aix1 to sell _! amb] & _! furs7 z hopp+ ab\t1 he says1 aft] ! re9-de]1 %oot+ !m ) a little clumsy b[1 & arr[s tipt ) bone1 & dress+ !mselves 9 _! sk9s4 ,procopius knew ^! ,scritf9s too 7b he has got 7z usual7 addl$ 9 8 geography1 & puts !m 9 ultima ,?ule or ,%etl&71 & tells u1 ov] & above ! re9de]-sk9 dresses1 t ! wom5 nev] nurs$ _! *ildr51 b w5t out hunt+ ) _! husb&s1 hang+ ! papoose up to a tree1 z ! ,lapps d n[1 ) a piece ( de]'s m>r[ 9 its m\? to keep x employ$2 & moreov]1 t !y sacrific$ _! captives to a w>- god 7,m>s he calls him7 9 cruel ugly ways4 ,all :i* we may fully believe4 ,!n ,paul has to tell u h[ 9 ! ,scritf9 c\ntry !re is little or no night 9 midsumm]1 little or no day 9 w9t]2 & h[ ! %ad[s !re are exce$+ long1 & %ort5 to no?+ z !y rea* ! equator1--:]e he puts n m]ely ,egypt1 b ,j]usalem4 ,& h[ on ,*ri/mas days a man's %ad[ is n9e feet long 9 ,italy1 :]eas at ,totonis ,villam 7,?ionville71 z he himself has measur$1 x is n9ete5 feet & a half4 ,because1 he says1 %rewdly en\gh1 ! fur!r y g f ! sun1 ! ne>] ! sun seems to ! horizon4 ,( all :i* if y answ]--,b ?is is n hi/ory3 ,i %all reply--,b x is bett] ?an hi/ory4 ,x is ! hi/ory ( hi/ory4 ,x helps y to see h[ ! _w got gradually kn[n2 h[ hi/ory got gradually to be writt52 h[ ea* man1 9 ea* age1 add$ 8 little gra9 to ! great heap ( facts1 & gave 8 r\gh explanation !re(2 & h[ ea* man's outlook ^u ?is wondr\s _w grew wid]1 cle>]1 ju/]1 z ! ye>s roll$ on4 ,& !re=e ,i h no objection at all to li/5 to ,paul 9 8 next *apt]1 conc]n+ ! two navels ( ! ocean1 "o on ea* side ,brita9--abysses :i* swall[ up ! wat] twice a day1 & twice a day sp\t x up aga94 ,paul has se51 s he seems to say1 ! tide1 ! ,greek text1 t inexplicable wond] ( ! old ,greeks & ,romans1 runn+ up f> inl& at ! m\?s ( ! ,se9e & ,loire2 & he has to get x expla9$ someh[1 be=e he c g =w>d ) a cle> consci5ce4 ,"o ( ! navels seems to be ! ,mahl/rom 9 ,norway4 ,( ! place ( ! o!r !re is no d\bt4 ,x is close to ,evodia insula1 seem+ly ,ald]ney4 ,= a high noble ( ! ,fr5* told him s2 he 0 suck$ into x1 %ips & all1 & only escap$ by cl++ to a rock4 ,& aft] a:ile ! m>g9s ( t abyss 7 all left b>e1 leav+ ! ,fr5*man high & dry1 'palpitat+ s ) fe>1' says ,paul1 't he c\ld h>dly keep 8 seat4' ,b :5 all ! wat] _h be5 suck$ 91 out & up x came p\r+ aga91 9 huge m\nta9s1 & ^u !m ! ,fr5*man's %ips1 to 8 int5se a/oni%m5t1 reappe>$ out ( ! bottomless pit2 into "o ( :i* he jump$2 be+1 l a true ,fr5*man1 ?or\ghly ma/] ( ! situation2 & got safe home to tell ,paul ! deacon4 ,x is n q ! explanation ( ! tides :i* "o w\ld h wi%$ =3 b if a ,fr5* nobleman ( high rank w swe> t he saw x ) 8 own eyes1 :at c ,paul d1 9 common c\rtesy1 b believe him8 ,paul has obs]v$1 too1 :i* is a fact1 t !re is a small tide 9 8 own ,adriatic2 & sugge/s mode/ly t !re may be a simil> hole 9 ! bottom ( t sea1 only a little "o1 ! tide be+ v little4 ,aft] :i*1 '8 praelibatis1' he w return1 he says1 to 8 /ory4 ,& s he goes back to ! fam\s ,langb>d ,saga1 ! old /ory1 :i* he has turn$ out ( liv+ ,teutonic v]se into dead ,lat9 prose1 & calls ,de ,wod5 et ,frea qua$am ridicula fabula2 b c't help = ! life ( him tell+ x1 apologiz+ all ! "t4 ,h[ ! ,w9ils 78 own folk7 w5t out to fight ! ,w5dels1 _m m ?an !m 9 numb]2 & h[ ,gamb>a1 ! ,alruna-wife1 cri$ to ,freia ! goddess1 & ,freia told h] t :i*soev] ( ! two armies fir/ greet$ ,wod5 at ! sunrise %\ld w94 ,b ! ,w9ils are f> away on ! w>-road1 & !re is no "t to s5d to !m4 ,s ,freia bids h] take ! ,w9il wom51 & dress !m z w>riors1 & plait _! tresses ov] _! lips = be>ds1 & cry to ,wod52 & ,wod5 admires _! long be>ds1 & ?9ks !m su* valiant 'w>-bea/s1' t he grants !m ! victory4 ,!n ,freia tells him h[ he has be5 tak5 91 & ! old god laughs till ! cl\ds rattle aga91 & ! ,w9ils are call$ ,langb>dr ev] aft]4 ,b !n comes 9 ! antiqu>y1 & says t ! etymology is wor?less1 & t ,langb>dr means long axes--7b>dan axe7--a ^w :i* we keep 9 halb]t1 a hall-axe1 or gu>d's pole-axe2 & p]haps ! antiqu>y is "r4 ,b aga9 comes 9 a v le>n$ man1 ,dr4 ,la?am #afb1 & m ?an h9ts t ! "n is d]iv$ f ! ,lange ,borde1 ! long mead[s by ! side ( ! ,elbe3 & s a good /ory crumbles to pieces1 & ',all *>ms d fly ,b5ea? ! t\* ( cold philosophy4' ,!n foll[s ano!r /ory1 possibly f ano!r saga4 ,h[ by reason ( a great fam9e !y _h to leave ,scor+ia1 ! %ore-l&1 & g into ,maur+ia1 a ^w :i* ,mr4 ,la?am connects ) ! ,m]ov+i1 or ,me]w+ conqu]ors ( ,gaul4 ,o!rs say t x means ! moorl&1 o!rs some?+ else4 ,all t !y w ev] f9d out we may see = ourselves already4--,a little tribe ( valiant fair-hair$ m51 :e!r all ,teutons1 or1 z ,mr4 ,la?am ?9ks1 ,sclavonians ) ,teuton lead]s1 /ill intimately connect$ ) our own ,engli% race bo? by _! language & _! laws1 /ruggl+ = exi/5ce on ! bleak br[n bogs & moors1 s[+ a little b>ley & flax1 fe$+ a few r\gh cattle1 bre$+ a few great black horses2 g5]ation aft] g5]ation fight+ _! way s\?w>d1 z !y exhau/$ ! b>r5 nor!rn soils1 or became too num]\s = _! m>*es1 or f\nd l& left wa/e 9 front ( !m by ! emigration ( "s ,suevic1 ,v&al1 or ,burgund tribe4 ,we "k no?+ ab\t !m1 & nev] %all "k1 save t !y wore :ite l95 gait]s1 & c>ri$ long halb]ts1 or pole-axes1 & _h ea* an immortal s\l 9 him1 z de> to ,god z y\rs or m9e1 ) imm5se unconsci\s capabilities1 :i* _! *ildr5 h prov$ "r well4 ,!n comes ano!r saga1 h[ !y met ! ,assipitti1 ( :om1 :e!r !y 7 ,tacitus's ,usipetes1 ( ! ,l[] ,rh9e1 or ,asabid51 ! remnant ( ! ,as51 :o w5t n to ,sc&9avia ) ,od91 we "k n1 & ne$ n "k2 & h[ ! ,assipitti w\ld n let !m pass2 & h[ !y told ! ,lomb>ds t !y _h doghead$ m5 9 _! tribe :o drank m5's blood1 :i* ,mr4 ,la?am well expla9s by po9t+ out1 9 ! ,travell]'s ,song1 a tribe ( ,hund+s 7,h\nd+s7 sons ( ! h\nd2 & h[ ! ,lomb>ds s5t out a *ampion1 :o f\ght ! *ampion ( ! ,assipitti1 & s ga9$ leave to g on _! way4 ,=w>d !y g1 t[>d ! s\?-ea/1 seem+ly along ! ,g]man m>*es1 ! debateable l& betwe5 ,teuton & ,sclav1 :i* w\ld1 me*anically speak+1 be ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,we he> ( ,go?l&--:]ev] t happ5$ to be j !n2 ( ,an?aib1 ! l& held by ! ,sclavonian ,ant51 & ,ba?aib1 possibly ! l& held by ! ,gepidae1 or remnant ( ! ,go?s :o bid$ beh9d 7z ,wessex m5 /ill say71 :ile ! ,go?s mov$ =w>d2 & !n ( ,burgundhaib1 :]ev] ! ,burgunds might be !n4 ,i "k n2 & ,i w d>e to say1 no man c exactly "k4 ,= no dates are giv51 & h[ c !y be8 ,! ,lomb>ds h n yet em]g$ out ( ! dismal d>kness ( ! nor? into ! light ( ,roman civilization2 & all ! hi/ory !y h are a few scraps ( saga4 ,at la/ !y take a k+ ( ! family ( ! ,gung+s1 ,agilmund1 son ( ,ayo1 l ! re/ ( ! nations1 says ,jorn&es2 = !y w be no m "u duces1 elective w>-k+s4 ,& !n foll[s a fre% saga 7:i* repeats itself 9 ! my?s ( sev]al nations71 h[ a woman has sev5 *ildr5 at a bir?1 & ?r[s !m = %ame into a pond2 & ,agilmund ! k+1 rid+ by1 /ops to see1 & turns !m ov] ) 8 lance2 & "o ( ! babes lays hold !re(2 & ! k+ says1 ',?is w be a great man2' & takes him out ( ! pond1 & calls him ,lamissohn1 '! son ( ! fi%pond1' 7s x is int]pret$27 :o gr[s to be a mighty ,kemp]-man1 & slays an ,amazon4 ,= :5 !y come to a c]ta9 riv]1 ! ,amazons =bid !m to pass1 unless !y w fight _! %e-*ampion2 & ,lamissohn swims ov] & fights ! w>-maid51 & slays h]2 & !y g on & come into a l>ge l& & quiet1 some:]e ab\t ,silesia1 x w\ld seem1 & abode !re a long :ile4 ,!n d[n on !m come ! savage ,bulg>s by night1 & slay k+ ,agilmund1 & c>ry (f 8 daught]2 & ,lamissohn foll[s !m1 & defeats !m ) a great slaught]1 & is made k+2 & s =?3 till at la/ !y h got--h[ we %all nev] "k--ne> hi/ory & hi/oric l&s4 ,= :5 ,odoac] & 8 ,turkl+s & o!r conf$]ates w5t up into ,rugil&1 ! c\ntry nor? ( ,vi5na1 & de/roy$ ! ,rugians1 & ,fava _! k+1 !n ! ,lomb>ds w5t d[n into ! wa/e l& ( ! ,rugians1 because x 0 f]tile1 & abode !re c]ta9 ye>s4 ,!n !y mov$ on aga91 we "k n :y1 & dwelt 9 ! op5 pla9s1 :i* are call$ feld4 ,"o says ',moravia2' b t !y _h surely left beh9d4 ,r x is ! we/]n pla9 ( ,hung>y ab\t ,comorn4 ,be t z x may1 !y qu>rell$ !re ) ! ,h]uli4 ,eutropius says t !y paid ! ,h]ules tribute = ! l&1 & (f]$ to pay m1 if ! ,h]ules w\ld n attack !m4 ,paul tells a wild saga1 or /ory1 ( ! ,lomb>d k+'s daught] insult+ a ,h]ule pr9ce1 because he 0 %ort ( /ature3 he answ]$ by "s c\nt]-insult2 & %e1 furi\s1 _h him /abb$ f beh9d ?r\gh a w9d[ z he sat ) 8 back to x4 ,!n w> came4 ,! ,h]ules1 old & practis$ w>riors1 tra9$ 9 ! ,roman armies1 despis$ ! wild ,lomb>ds1 & disda9$ to use arm\r aga9/ !m1 fight+ ) no clo!s save girdles4 ,rodulf _! k+1 too c]ta9 ( victory1 sat play+ at tables1 & s5t a man up a tree to see h[ ! fight w5t1 tell+ him t he w\ld cut 8 head (f if he said t ! ,h]ules fl$2 & !n1 t\*$ by "s secret anxiety z to ! end1 spoke ! fatal words himself2 & a madness f ,god came on ! ,h]ules2 & :5 !y came to a field ( flax1 !y took ! blue fl[]s = wat]1 & spread out _! arms to swim ?r\gh1 & 7 all slaught]$ def5celessly4 ,!n !y f\ght ) ! ,suevi2 & _! k+s' daught]s m>ri$ ) ! k+s ( ! ,franks2 & !n rul$ ,aldw9 7a "n :i* ,dr4 ,la?am id5tifies ) our ,engli% ,eadw91 or ,edw91 '! noble conqu]or1' ?\gh ,grotius translates x ,audw91 '! old or auld conqu]or'71 :o br\ght !m ov] ! ,danube into ,pannonia1 betwe5 ! ,danube & ! ,drave1 ab\t ! ye> #ebf4 ,procopius says1 t !y came by a grant f ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 :o gave z wife to ,aldw9 a great niece ( ,dietri* ! ,good1 c>ri$ captive ) ,witigis to ,byzant4 ,?us at la/ !y too h rea*$ ! =ec\rt ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & are wait+ = _! turn at ! ,nibelung5 ho>d4 ,!y h "o m /ruggle1 ! mo/ t]rible ( all2 & !n !y w be = a :ile ! mo/ important p ( ! !n _w4 ,! ,gepidae are 9 ,hung>y be=e !m1 n[ a great p4 ,ev] s9ce !y help$ to beat ! ,huns at ,netad1 !y h be5 hold+ ,attila's old k+dom = !mselves & n attempt+ to move s\?w>d into ! ,empire2 s fulfill+ _! "n4 ,!re is cont9ual desultory w>2 ,ju/9ian1 accord+ to ,procopius' acc\nt1 play+ false ) ea*1 9 ord] to make !m de/roy ea* o!r4 ,!n1 once 7?is is ,procopius' /ory1 n ,paul's7 !y meet = a great fight2 & bo? armies run away by a panic t]ror2 & ,aldw9 ! ,lomb>d & ,?oris5d ! ,gepid are left alone1 face to face4--,x is ! h& ( ,god1 say ! two wild k+s--,god does n mean ^! two peoples to de/roy ea* o!r4 ,s !y make a truce = two ye>s4 ,!n ! ,gepidae call 9 ,cutuguri1 a ,hunnic tribe1 to help !m2 !n1 says ,procopius1 ,aldw91 help$ by ,roman m]c5>ies1 "u ,amalfrid ! ,go?1 ,!odoric's great nephew1 & bro!r-9-law ( ,aldw91 has a great fight ) ! ,gepidae4 ,b ,paul kn[s naught ( all ?is3 ) him x is n ,aldw91 b ,albo9 8 son1 :o de/roys ! ,gepidae4 ,albo91 ,grotius translates z ,albe-w91 'he :o w9s all3' b ,dr4 ,la?am1 true to 8 op9ion t ! ,lomb>ds & ! ,angles 7 closely connect$1 id5tifies x ) our ,a,elfwine1 '! fairy conqu]or4' ,aldw91 ,paul says1 & ,?oris5d f\ght 9 ! ,asfeld1--:]ev] t may be1--& ,albo9 ! ,lomb>d pr9ce slew ,?oris5d ! ,gepid pr9ce1 & ! ,gepidae 7 defeat$ ) a great slaught]4 ,!n "y ,albo9 ask$ 8 fa!r to let him sit at ! table ) him4 ,no1 he c\ld n d t1 by ,lomb>d cu/om1 till he has become son-at- arms to "s neighb\r+ k+4 ,"y ,albo9 takes =ty ?anes1 & goes (f to ,?oris5d's c\rt1 z ! gue/ ( 8 enemy4 ,! rites ( hospitality are sacr$4 ,! k+ receives him1 fea/s him1 seats him1 ! slay] ( 8 son1 9 8 dead son's place4 ,& z he looks on him he sighs2 & at la/ he c conta9 no long]4 ,! seat1 he says1 ,i l "r well3 b n ! man :o sits 9 x4 ,"o ( 8 sons takes fire1 & beg9s to insult ! ,lomb>ds & _! :ite gait]s4 ,y ,lomb>ds h :ite legs l s _m brood m>es4 ,a ,lomb>d fla%es up4 ,g to ! ,asfeld1 & y w see h[ ,lomb>d m>es c kick4 ,y\r bro!r's bones are ly+ ab\t !re l any sorry nag's4 ,?is is too mu*2 swords are drawn2 b old ,?oris5d leaps up4 ,he w puni% ! fir/ man :o /rikes4 ,gue/s are sacr$4 ,let !m sit d[n aga91 & dr9k _! liquor 9 peace4 ,& aft] !y h drunk1 he gives ,albo9 8 dead son's weapons1 & lets !m g 9 peace1 l a noble g5tleman4 ,?is gr& old ,k+ dies 9 peace4 ,aldw9 dies likewise1 & to !m succe$ _! sons1 ,albo9 & ,cunimund--! latt] probably ! pr9ce :o made ! je/ ab\t ! brood-m>es--& !y two w fight ! qu>rel out4 ,cunimund1 says ,paul1 began ! w>--( c\rse t is 8 /ory4 ,albo9 is gr[+ a great man2 he has m>ri$ a daught] ( ,clotaire1 k+ ( ! ,franks3 & n[ he takes to 8 alliance ! ,av>s1 :o h j bur/ into ! ,empire1 wild p :o aft]w>ds f\nd$ a great k+dom 9 ! ,danube l&s1 & !y ravage ,cunimund's l&s4 ,he w fight ! ,lomb>ds fir/1 nev]!less3 he c settle ! ,av>s aft]4 ,he & 81 says ,paul1 are sla9 to a man4 ,albo9 makes a dr9k+-cup ( 8 skull1 c>ries (f 8 daught] ,rosamund 7',rosy-m\?'71 & a va/ multitude ( captives & imm5se weal?4 ,! ,gepidae vani% f hi/ory2 to ?is day 7says ,paul7 slaves ei!r ( ! ,lomb>ds or ! ,huns 7by :om he r means ,av>s72 & ,albo9 becomes ! h]o ( 8 "t1 prais$ ev5 to ,paul's days 9 sagas1 ,saxon & ,bav>ian z well z ,lomb>d1 = 8 lib]ality & 8 glory4 ,we %all see n[ h[ he has 8 *ance at ! ,nibelung5 ho>d4 ,he has he>d en\gh 7z all ,teutons h7 ( ,italy1 its beauty1 & its weakness4 ,he has s5t five ?\s& *os5 w>riors to ,n>ses1 to help him aga9/ ,totila & ! ,o/rogo?s2 & !y h told him ( ! fair l& & l>ge1 ) its v9ey>ds1 olive-groves1 & or*>ds1 wa/e by w> & pe/il5ce1 & cry+ out = human be+s to come & till x once m4 ,!re is no =ce left 9 ,italy n[1 :i* c oppose him4 ,h>dly any left 9 ! ,roman _w4 ,! plague is come2 to add its horrors to all ! o!r horrors ( ! "t--! true old plague1 z f> z ,i c asc]ta92 br$1 m5 say1 f ! ,s]bonian bog2 ! plague :i* visit$ ,a!ns 9 ! "t ( ,socrates1 & ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury3 & aft] ! plague a fam9e2 woe on woe1 ?r\gh all ! d>k days ( ,ju/9ian ! demon-emp]or4 ,! ,o/rogo?s1 z y "k1 7 ext9ct z a nation4 ,! two deluges ( ,franks & ,allm51 :i*1 "u ! two bro!rs ,buccel9 & ,lo?aire1 all on foot 7= ! ,fr5*1 z n[1 7 no horsem571 _h roll$ into ,italy dur+ ! ,go?ic w>1 _h be5 swall[$ up1 z all ?+s 71 9 ! fatal gulf ( ,italy4 ,lo?aire & 8 army1 return+ lad5 ) plund]1 _h rott$ away l %eep by ,lake ,b5acus 7,g>da n[7 ( dr9k1 & ( ! plague4 ,buccel91 entr5*$ among 8 plund]-waggons by ! ,volturno /ream 9 ! f> s\?1 _h wait$ 9 va9 = t dead bro!r & 8 dead ho/1 till ,n>ses came on him1 ) 8 army ( tra9$ ,h]ules & ,go?s2 ! ,francisc axe & b>b$ pike _h prov$ useless be=e ! arr[s & ! cavalry ( ! ,romans2 & no m ?an five ,allm51 says "o1 rema9$ ( all t mighty ho/4 ,awful to ?9k (3 #ge1jjj m51 !y say1 9 "o column1 #ajj1jjj 9 ! o!r3 & l wat] !y fl[$ ov] ! l&2 & l wat] !y sank into ! gr\nd1 & left no trace4 ,& n[ ,n>ses1 e/abli%$ z ex>* ( ,rav5na1 a sort ( satrap1 l ^? ( ! ,p]sian ,emp]ors1 & repres5t+ ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople1 0 rew>d$ = all 8 conque/s & lab\rs by disgrace4 ,eunu*-l1 he lov$ money1 !y said2 & eunu*-l1 he 0 h>% & cruel4 ,! ,empress ,sophia1 li/5+ too readily to c\rt- sl&]s1 bade him 'leave to m5 ! use ( arms1 & come back to ! palace1 to sp9 among ! maids4'--',tell h]1' said ! t]rible old imp1 ',i w sp9 h] su* a ?read z %e %all n unravel4' ,he w5t1 sup]s$$ by ,long9us2 b n to ,con/ant9ople4 ,f ,naples he s5t 7s says ,paul ! ,deacon7 to ,albo91 & bade him come & try 8 =tune z k+ ( ,italy4 ,he s5t1 too1 7s says old ,paul7 pres5ts to tempt ! simple ,lomb>d m5--su* pres5ts z *ildr5 w\ld l--all fruits :i* grew 9 ,italian or*>ds4 ,?\gh ! gold 0 gone1 ^? 7 /ill left4 ,great babies !y 71 ^! ,teutons1 z ,i told y at ! fir/2 & ,n>ses knew x well1 & _h us$ !m = 8 ends = _m a ye>4 ,!n 7 t]rible signs se5 9 ,italy by night2 fi]y armies fight+ 9 ! sky1 & /reams ( blood al(t1 =e%ad[+ ! blood :i* %\ld be %$4 ,s5t = or n1 ,k+ ,albo9 came2 & ) him all 8 army1 & a mighty multitude1 wom51 & *ildr51 & slaves2 ,bav>ians1 ,gepidae1 ,bulg>s1 ,s>matae1 ,pannonians1 ,sueves1 & ,noricans2 ^: names 7says ,paul7 rema9 unto ?is day 9 ! names ( ! villages :]e !y settl$4 ,) ,albo91 too1 came ,saxons1 tw5ty ?\s& ( !m at ! lea/1 ) wife & *ild4 ,& ,sigeb]t k+ ( ! ,franks put ,suevic settl]s into ! l&s :i* ! ,saxons _h left4 ,albo9 gave up 8 own ,hung>ian l& to 8 fri5ds ! ,av>s1 on ! condition t he %\ld h !m back if he _h to return4 ,b return he nev] did1 he nor 8 ,lomb>d ho/4 ,?is is ! end4 ,! la/ invasion ( ,italy4 ,! s[+1 once = all1 ( an ,italian p4 ,fre% nations 7 /ill press+ d[n to ! re> ( ! ,alps1 wait+ = _! turn to ent] ! ,fairy ,l&--n kn[+1 p]haps1 t no?+ 0 left !re91 b a%es & blood3--b _! *ance 0 ov] n[3 a p 7 go+ into ,italy :o c\ld hold :at !y got4 ,on ,ea/] ,tuesday1 9 ! ye> ( grace #efh1 !y came1 seem+ly by ! old road2 ! pa? ( ,al>ic & ,dietri* & ! re/2 ! pass f ,c>niola1 ?r\gh :i* ! rail runs n[ f ,layba* to ,trie/e4 ,x mu/ h be5 :ite1 9 ^? days1 ) ! bones ( nigh #bjj ye>s4 ,& !y f\nd bisons1 auro*s51 9 ! m\nta9s1 ,paul says1 & is n surpris$ !reat1 because !re are pl5ty ( !m 9 ,hung>y ne> by4 ,an old man told him he _h se5 a sk9 9 :i* fifte5 m5 might lie side by side4 ,none1 y mu/ "k1 are left n[1 save a v few 9 ! ,li?uanian =e/s4 ,paul goes out ( 8 way to note ?is fact1 & s %all ,i4 ,albo9 left a /rong gu>d 9 ,friuli1 & ,paul's ance/or among !m1 "u ,gisulf 8 nephew1 & ,m>phrais or ma/] ( ! horse1 :o n[ became duke ( ,friuli & w>d5 ( ! m>*es1 b\nd to prev5t ! ,av>s foll[+ !m into _! new abode4 ,!n ! human deluge spread itself sl[ly ov] ! ,lomb>d pla9s4 ,none f\ght ) !m1 & none ga9said2 = all ! l& 0 wa/e4 ,! plague ( ?ree ye>s be=e1 & ! fam9e :i* foll[$ x _h1 says ,paul1 r$uc$ ! _w into primaeval sil5ce4 ,! villages _h no inhabitants b dogs2 ! %eep 7 pa/ur+ )\t a %eph]d2 ! wild birds sw>m$ unhurt ab\t ! fields4 ,! corn 0 spr++ self-s[n "u ! ,april sun1 ! v9es spr\t+ unprun$1 ! luc]ne fields unm[n1 :5 ! great ,lomb>d p fl[$ into t wa/e l&1 & gave to x _! own undy+ "n4 ,! scanty population1 worn out ) mis]y1 fl$ to rocks & isl&s 9 ! lakes1 & to ! seaport t[ns2 b !y seem to h f\nd ! ,lomb>ds m]ciful ma/]s1 & b[$ _! necks meekly to ! inevitable yoke4 ,! t[ns alone seem to h (f]$ resi/ance4 ,pavia ,albo9 besieg$ ?ree ye>s1 & c\ld n take4 ,he swore "s wild oa? ( utt] de/ruction to all )91 & w\ld h kept x4 ,at la/ !y capitulat$4 ,z ,albo9 rode 9 at ,/4 ,john's gate1 8 horse slipp$ up2 & c\ld n rise1 ?\gh ! grooms beat him ) _! lance-butts4 ,a gho/ly fe> came on ! ,lomb>ds4 ',rememb]1 "l k+1 ?y cruel oa?1 & cancel x2 = !re are ,*ri/ian folk 9 ! city4' ,albo9 cancell$ 8 oa?1 & ! horse rose at once4 ,s ,albo9 sp>$ ! p ( ,pavia1 & ent]$ ! palace ( old ,dietri* ! ,o/rogo?1 z k+ ( ,italy1 z f> z ! gates ( ,rome & ,rav5na4 ,& :at 0 8 end8 ,su* an end z he des]v$2 e>n$ & work$ out = himself4 ,a great w>rior1 he _h de/roy$ _m nations1 & won a fair l&4 ,a j & wise gov]nor1 he _h settl$ ,nor? ,italy on "s r\gh feudal sy/em1 )\t blood%$ or cruelty4 ,a passionate savage1 he di$ z savages des]ve to die4 ,y recollect ,rosamund 8 ,gepid bride8 ,9 "s mad dr9k+-b\t 7p]haps *]i%+ /ill 8 old hatr$ ( h] family7 he s5t h] h] fa!r's skull full ( w9e1 & bade h] dr9k be=e all4 ,%e drank1 & _h h] rev5ge4 ,! /ory has become _w-fam\s f its horror3 b ,i suppose ,i mu/ tell x y 9 its place4--,h[ %e w5t to ,helmi*is ! %ield-be>]1 & he bade h] get ,p]$eo ! ,kemp]-man to d ! de$3 & h[ ,p]$eo intrigu$ ) "o ( h] b[]-maid5s1 & h[ ,rosamund did a de$ ( d>kness1 & deceiv$ ,p]$eo2 & !n said to him1 ,i am ?y mi/ress2 ?\ mu/ slay ?y ma/]1 or ?y ma/] !e4 ,& h[ he1 l ,gyges 9 old ,h]odotus's tale1 pref]r$ to survive2 & h[ ,rosamund b\nd ! k+'s sword to 8 b$/ead z he slept 8 mid-day sleep1 & ,p]$eo did ! de$2 & h[ ,albo9 leapt up1 & f\ght ) 8 foot/ool1 b 9 va94 ,& h[1 aft] he 0 dead1 ,rosamund became ,helmi*is' leman1 z %e _h be5 ,p]$eo's1 & fl$ ) him to ,rav5na1 ) all ! treasure & ,alpsw9?a1 ,albo9's daught] by ! ,franki% wife2 & h[ ,long9us ! ex>* p]suad$ h] to poison ,helmi*is1 & m>ry him2 & h[ %e gave ,helmi*is ! poison$ cup z he came out ( ! ba?1 & he saw by ! light ( h] wick$ eyes t x 0 poison1 & made h] dr9k ! re/2 & s !y bo? fell dead4 ,& !n h[ ,p]$eo & ! treasure 7 s5t to ! ,emp]or at ,con/ant9ople2 & h[ ,p]$eo slew a great lion 9 ! !atre2 & h[ ,tib]ius1 :5 he saw t he 0 s mighty a man ( 8 h&s1 bade put 8 eyes out2 & h[ he hid two knives 9 8 sleeves1 & slew ) !m two great *amb]la9s ( ! ,emp]or2 & s di$1 l ,samson1 says old ,paul1 hav+ got good w]egeld = ! loss ( 8 eyes--a man = ei!r eye4 ,& old ,n>ses di$ at ,rome1 at a great age2 & !y wrapt him 9 lead1 & s5t him to ,byzant ) all 8 weal?4 ,b "s say t :ile he 0 /ill alive1 he hid 8 weal? 9 a great ci/]n1 & slew all :o knew ( x save "o old man1 & swore him nev] to reveal ! place4 ,b aft] ,n>ses' dea? t old man w5t to ,con/ant9ople to ,tib]ius ! ,caes>1 & told him h[ he c\ld n die ) t secret on 8 m9d2 & s ,tib]ius got all ! money1 s mu* t x took _m days to c>ry away1 & gave x all to ! poor1 z 0 8 wont4 ,a my?--a fable3 b significant1 z "o m attempt to answ] ! "q ( all que/ions 9 a ,teuton's m9d--,:at _h become ( ! ,nibelung5 ho>d8 ,:at _h become ( all ! weal? ( ,rome8 ,,lecture ,,viii--,,! ,,cl]gy ,,& ,,! ,,hea!n ,i ask$ 9 my fir/ lecture1 ',:at w\ld become ( ! =e/ *ildr51 unless "s k9d sa9t or h]mit took pity on !m8' ,i us$ ! words sa9t & h]mit ) a special purpose4 ,x 0 by ! influ5ce1 actual or imag9>y1 ( su*1 t ! ,teutons1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! ,roman empire1 7 sav$ f becom+ hordes ( savages1 de/roy+ ea* o!r by cont9ual w>f>e4 ,:at our race owes1 = good & = evil1 to ! ,roman cl]gy1 ,i %all n[ try to set be=e y4 ,to mete out to !m _! due %>e ( praise & blame is1 ,i confess1 a v difficult task4 ,x c only be fulfill$ by putt+ oneself1 z f> z possible1 9 _! place1 & mak+ human all[ance = ! circum/ances1 utt]ly novel & unexpect$1 9 :i* !y f\nd !mselves dur+ ! ,teutonic invasions4 ,?us1 p]haps1 we may f9d x true ( "s ( !m1 z ( o!rs1 t ',wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54' ,t is a h>d say+ = human nature4 ,ju/ifi$ ( h] *ildr5 %e may be1 aft] we h settl$ :i* are to be h] *ildr5 & :i* n3 b ( all h] *ildr58 ,t is a h>d say+4 ,& yet 0 n e man f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 :o tri$ ) 8 :ole s\l to be "r1 & to d good1 a *ild ( wisdom1 ( :om %e at lea/ w be ju/ifi$1 :e!r he is ju/ifi$ or n8 ,he may h _h 8 ignorances1 follies1 weaknesses1 possibly crimes3 b he s]v$ ! purpose ( 8 mighty "m4 ,he did1 ev5 by 8 follies1 j :at %e want$ done2 & %e is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54 ,?is may s\nd l optimism3 b x also s\nds l tru? to any "o :o has fairly /udi$ t fanta/ic page ( hi/ory1 ! contra/ betwe5 ! old monks & our own hea!n =efa!rs4 ,! m "o /udies ! facts1 ! less "o is incl9$ to ask1 ',:y 0 x n done bett]8'--! m incl9$ to ask1 ',c\ld x h be5 done bett]8' ,7 n ! celibate cl]gy1 f ! fif? to ! eigh? c5turies1 exceptional ag5ts fitt$ = an exceptional "t1 & set to d a "w :i* 9 ! !n /ate ( ! ,european races1 none else c\ld h done8 ,at lea/1 s "o suspects1 aft] exp]i5ce ( _! *ronicles & leg5ds1 suffici5t to make "o ?or\ghly dete/ ! evil :i* 0 9 _! sy/em3 b suffici5t also to make "o ?or\ghly love _m ( ! m5 !mselves4 ,a few desultory sket*es1 "s c>efully hi/orical1 ! re/ z c>efully compil$ f common facts1 may s]ve be/ to illu/rate my mean+4 ,! monk & cl]gyman1 :e!r celibate or n1 work$ on ! hea!n g5]ally 9 "o ( ?ree capacities3 ,z tribune ( ! p2 z h]mit or solit>y prophet2 z coloniz]2 & 9 all ?ree work$ z well z frail human be+s are wont to d1 9 ?is mo/ piecemeal _w4 ,let u look fir/ at ! ,h]mits4 ,all "k :at an important "p !y play 9 old romances & ballads4 ,all are n aw>e t !y play$ z important a "p 9 actual hi/ory4 ,scatt]$ ?r\gh all wild]nesses f ! cliffs ( ! ,hebrides to ! ,sclavonian m>*es1 !y put =? a p[]1 uni=mly1 x mu/ be said1 = good4 ,e "o kn[s h[ !y appe> 9 ! old romances4--,h[ "s ,sir ,b]tr& or o!r1 we>i$ ) ! burd5 ( 8 s9s1 /umbles on "o ( ^! ,e9si$l]1 'settl]s alone1' & talks ) him2 & goes on a wis] & a bett] man4 ,h[ he crawls1 p]haps1 out ( "s wild scuffle1 'all-to bebl$1' & reel+ to 8 saddleb[2 & 'ev] he w5t ?r\gh a wa/e l&1 & rocks r\gh & /rait1 s t x him seem$ he mu/ surely />ve2 & anon he he>d a little bell1 :]eat he m>vell$2 & betwixt ! wat] & ! wood he 0 aw>e ( a *apel1 & an h]mitage2 & !re a holy man said mass1 = he 0 a prie/1 & a great lee*1 & cunn+ )al4 ,& ,sir ,b]tr& w5t 9 to him & told him all 8 case--h[ he f\ght ,sir ,m>culf = love ( ! fair ,ell9ore1 & h[ ! k+ bade "p !m1 & h[ ,m>culf did him op5 %ame at ! w9ebo>d1 & h[ he w5t ab\t to h sla9 him privily1 b c\ld n2 & !n h[ he w5t & wa/$ ,m>culf's l&s1 h\se ) byre1 k9e ) corn1 till a /rong woman smote him ov] ! head ) a qu]n-/one1 & all-to broke 8 bra9-pan2' & s =?--! usual /ory ( mad passion1 dr9k1 pride1 rev5ge4 ',& !re ! holy man a-read him "r godly doctr9e1 & %riv$ him1 & gave him an oa? ^u ! bless$ ,gospels1 t fight he %\ld n1 save 9 8 liege "l's qu>rel1 = a ye> & a day4 ,& !re he abode till he 0 well heal$1 he & 8 horse4' ,mu/ n t wild fight+ ,b]tr& h gone away f t place a wis] & a bett] man8 ,is x a matt] to be regrett$1 or o!rwise1 t su* m5 z ! h]mit 7 to be f\nd 9 t =e/1 to m5d ,b]tr&'s head & 8 morals1 at ! same "t8 ,is x a matt] to be regrett$1 or o!rwise1 t aft] tw5ty or ?irty ye>s m ( fight+ & qu>rell+ & dr9k+1 ?is same ,sir ,b]tr&--f9d+ t on ! :ole ! lu/ ( ! fle%1 ! lu/ ( ! eye1 & ! pride ( life1 7 poor payma/]s1 & hav+ v suffici5t pro(1 9 ! ends ( _m a fri5d & foe1 t ! wages ( s9 are dea?--'fell to religion likewise1 & 0 a h]mit 9 t same place1 aft] ! holy man 0 dead2 & 0 made prie/ ( t same *apel2 & di$ 9 hon\r1 hav+ succ\r$ _m good knights1 & wayf>+ m5'8 ,"o kn[s v well t x w\ld n be "r n[2 t x is n ne$$ n[4 ,x is *ildi% to repeat t1 :5 ! "q is1 0 x "r !n--or1 at lea/1 z "r z 0 possible !n8 ,0 x ne$$ !n--or1 at lea/1 ! ne>e/ ?+ to t :i* 0 ne$$8 ,if x 01 :y %\ld n wisdom be ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr58 ,"o hopes t %e 02 = c]ta9ly1 if any m5 ev] ne$$ to be 9 ! "r1 le/ !y %\ld be ( all m5 mo/ mis]able1 x 0 ^! same old h]mits4 ,pray+ & prea*+ cont9ually1 !y liv$ on food :i* dogs w\ld n eat1 9 d5s 9 :i* dogs ought n to live4 ,!y _h _! reasons4 ,possibly !y knew _! own bus9ess be/4 ,possibly also !y knew _! neighb\r's bus9ess some:at2 !y knew t su* g5]ations z !y liv$ 9 c\ld n be taught1 save by "s extravagant example ( ?is k9d1 "s c>icature1 z x 71 ( ! doctr9es :i* 7 to be en=c$4 ,no?+ less />tl+1 p]haps1 c\ld h t\*$ ! dull he>ts1 h conv9c$ ! dull bra9s1 ( fi]ce1 ignorant1 & unreason+ m54 ,f]ocity1 lawlessness1 rap9e1 cruelty1 &--:5 !y 7 glutt$ & debau*$ by ! spoils ( ! ,roman empire--s5suality1 7 ! evils :i* 7 mak+ ,europe un9habitable = dec5t folk1 & hi/ory--z ,milton call$ x--a m]e battle ( kites & cr[s4 ,:at less ?an ! example ( ! h]mit--especially :5 t h]mit 0 a delicate & high-born woman--c\ld h taught m5 ! absolute sup]iority ( s\l to body1 ( spiritual to physical =ce1 ( spiritual to physical pleasure1 & h said to !m1 n 9 va9 words1 b solid acts--',all t y foll[ is n ! way ( life4 ,! v opposite to x is ! way ( life4 ,! wages ( s9 are dea?2 & y w f9d !m s1--9 ?is life ! victims ( y\r own passions1 & ( ! foes :om y\r crimes ar\se1 & 9 life to come ( hell = ev]4 ,b ,i tell y ,i h no m9d to g to hell4 ,i h a m9d to g to heav52 & ,i "k my m9d "r well4 ,if ! _w is to be su* z ?is1 & ! rul]s !re( su* z y1 ,i w flee f y4 ,i w n ent] into ! congregation ( s9n]s1 nei!r w ,i ca/ 9 my lot ) ! blood?ir/y4 ,i w be alone ) ,god & ,8 univ]se4 ,i w g to ! m\nta9 cave or to ! ocean cliff1 & !re1 :ile ! salt w9d :i/les ?r\gh my hair1 ,i w be /rong] ?an y1 saf] ?an y1 ri*] ?an y1 happi] ?an y4 ,ri*] ?an y1 = ,i %all h = my companion ! beatific vision ( ,god1 & ( all ?+s & be+s ,god- l1 fair1 noble1 j1 & m]ciful4 ,/rong] ?an y1 because virtue w give me a p[] ov] ! he>ts ( m5 su* z y\r =ce _c give y2 & y w h to come to my lonely cell1 & ask me to advise y1 & tea* y1 & help y aga9/ ! consequ5ces ( y\r own s9s4 ,saf] ?an y1 because ,god 9 :om ,i tru/ w protect me3 & if n1 ,i h /ill ! ev]la/+ life ( heav51 :i* ?is _w _c give or take away4 ,s g y\r ways1 fight & dev\r "o ano!r1 ! victims ( y\r own lu/s4 ,i am m9d$ to be a good man2 & to be t1 ,i w give up--z y h made all o!r me?ods impossible = me--all :i* seems to make life wor? hav+'8 ,oh6 in/ead ( f9d+ fault ) su* m52 in/ead (1 ) vultur9e beak1 pick+ out ! elem5ts ( ,mani*aeism1 ( conceit1 ( discont5t1 ( :at n human frailty & ignorance1 :i* may h be5 9 !m1 let u hon\r ! enorm\s moral =ce :i* enabl$ !m s to be> witness t n ! mortal animal1 b ! immortal _s1 is ! ,man2 & t :5 all :i* outw>d circum/ance c give is ca/ away1 ! ,man /ill lives = ev]1 by ,god1 & 9 ,god4 ,& !y did tea* t lesson4 ,!y 7 good1 :ile o!r m5 7 bad2 & m5 saw ! beauty ( goodness1 & felt ! /r5g? ( x1 & wor%ipp$ x 9 bl9d savage admiration4 ,read ,rosw$e's ,vitae ,patrum ,eremiticorum2 read ! leg5ds ( ! h]mits ( ! ,g]man =e/s2 read ,colgan's ,lives ( ! ,iri% ,sa9ts2 & see :e!r1 amid all fanta/ic1 incr$ible1 sometimes immoral my?s1 ! goodness ( life ( "s "o or o!r is n ! hi/oric nucleus1 r\nd :i* ! my?s1 & ! wor%ip ( ! sa9t1 h cry/alliz$ & develop$4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! exquisite hymn ( ,/4 ,bridget1 :i* ,colgan attributes to ! six? c5tury3 ?\gh x is probably mu* lat]2 t has no?+ to d ) ! argum5t3-- ',bridget1 ! victori\s1 %e lov$ n ! _w2 ,%e sat on x z a gull sits on ! ocean2 ,%e slept ! sleep ( a captive "m1 ,m\rn+ aft] h] abs5t *ild4 ,%e suff]$ n mu* f evil tongues2 ,%e held ! bless$ fai? ( ! ,tr9ity2 ,bridget1 ! "m ( my ,"l ( ,heav51 ,! be/ among ! sons ( ! ,"l4 ,%e 0 n qu]ul\s1 nor malevol5t2 ,%e lov$ n ! fi]ce wrangl+ ( wom52 ,%e 0 n a backbit+ s]p5t1 or a li>2 ,%e sold n ! ,son ( ,god = t :i* passes away4 ,%e 0 n gre$y ( ! goods ( ?is life2 ,%e gave away )\t gall1 )\t slackness2 ,%e 0 n r\gh to wayf>+ m52 ,%e h&l$ g5tly ! wret*$ lep]s4 ,%e built h] a t[n 9 ! pla9s 7( ,kild>e72 ,& dead1 %e is ! patroness ( _m peoples4' ,i might comm5t mu* on ?is quotation4 ,i might po9t out h[ ,/4 ,bridget is call$ ! "m ( ! ,"l1 & by o!rs1 ! ,m>y ( ! ,iri%1 ! ',automata coeli reg9a1' & seems to h be5 consid]$ at times z an avat> or inc>nation ( ! bless$ ,virg94 ,i might m ?an h9t h[ t appellation1 z well z ! call+ ( ,*ri/ '! be/ ( ! sons ( ! ,"l1' 9 an or?odox ,ca?olic hymn1 seems to po9t to ! remnants ( an old] cre$1 possibly ,buddhi/1 ! transition :5ce t[>ds ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity 0 sl[ & imp]fect4 ,i might make m]ry ov] ! fact t !re are _m ,bridgets1 "s say elev52 ev5 z !re are ?ree or f\r ,/4 ,patricks2 & raise le>n$ d\bts z to :e!r su* p]sons ev] exi/$1 aft] t ,/raussian me?od ( pseudo-criticism :i* come? n f above1 f ! ,_s ( ,god1 nor yet inde$ f bel[1 f ! s\nd region ( fact1 b f )91 out ( ! naught9ess ( ! he>t1 defil+ a man4 ,i might weak51 too1 ! effect ( ! hymn by go+ on ) ! re/ ( x1 & mak+ y smile at its *ildi% miracles & port5ts2 b ,i %\ld only d a fooli% ?+1 by turn+ y\r m9ds away f ! broad fact t ,/4 ,bridget1 or v>i\s p]sons :o got1 9 ! lapse ( "t1 mass$ toge!r "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,bridget1 7 em95tly good wom54 ,x matt]s little :e!r ^! leg5ds are hi/orically correct4 ,_! value lies 9 ! moral ( !m4 ,& z = _! real hi/orical correctness1 ! ,/raussian argum5t t no su* p]sons exi/$1 because lies are told ( !m1 is1 ,i hold1 mo/ irrational4 ,! falsehood w\ld n h be5 inv5t$ unless x _h />t$ 9 a tru?4 ,! high moral "* ascrib$ to !m w\ld nev] h be5 dream$ ( by p]sons :o _h n se5 liv+ in/ances ( t "*4 ,man's imag9ation does n create2 x only reproduces & recomb9es its own exp]i5ce4 ,x does s 9 dreams4 ,x does s1 z f> z ! moral "* ( ! sa9t is conc]n$1 9 ! leg5d2 & if !re _h n be5 p]sons l ,/4 ,bridget 9 ,irel&1 ! wild ,iri% c\ld nev] h imag9$ !m4 ,!re=e x matt]s little to a wise man1 /&+ on ! top ( ,croagh ,patrick1 ! gr&e/ m\nta9 p]haps1 ) ! gr&e/ outlook1 9 ^! ,briti% isles1 z he looks on ! wild ,iri% !re on patt]n days1 up among ! ,atlantic cl\ds1 crawl+ on b>e & ble$+ knees r\nd ,/4 ,patrick's cell1--x matt]s little1 ,i say1 to ! wise man1 :e!r ,/4 ,patrick himself own$ ! anci5t image :i* is wor%ipp$ on t m\nta9 peak1 or ! anci5t bell :i* till late ye>s hung 9 ! sanctu>y1--su* a /range oblong bell z ! ,iri% sa9ts c>ri$ ) !m to keep (f ! demons--! magic bells :i* appe> 7z f> z ,i am aw>e7 9 ! leg5ds ( no c\ntry till y get to ,t>t>y & ! ,buddhi/s2--su* a bell z came 7or did n come7 d[n f heav5 to ,/4 ,s5an2 su* a bell z ,/4 ,fursey s5t fly+ ?r\gh ! air to greet ,/4 ,cuanady at 8 devotions :5 he c\ld n come himself2 su* a bell z ano!r sa9t1 w&]+ 9 ! woods1 rang till a /ag came out ( ! cov]t1 & c>ri$ 8 burd5 = him on 8 horns4 ,x matt]s z little to ! wise man :e!r t bell belong$ to ,/4 ,patrick1 z :e!r all ^! *ild's dreams are dreams4 ,x matt]s little to him1 too1 :e!r ,/4 ,patrick did1 or did n /& on t m\nta9 peak1 '9 ! _s & p[] ( ,elias' 7aft] :om x 0 long nam$71 fa/+1 l ,elias1 =ty days & =ty nights1 wre/l+ ) ! demons ( ! /orm1 & ! snakes ( ! f51 & ! ,pei%ta-m 7! mon/r\s ,py?on ( ! lakes71 :i* assembl$ at ! magic r++ ( 8 bell1 till he conqu]$ n by ! brute =ce ( a ,h]cules & ,!seus1 & ! mon/]-quell]s ( old ,greece1 b by ! spiritual =ce ( :i* 7s ! text 0 !n appli$7 x is writt51 ',?is k9d come? n out b by pray] & fa/+1' till he smote ! evil ?+s ) '! gold5 rod ( ,jesus1' & !y roll$ ov] ! cliff1 9 hide\s r\t1 & p]i%$ 9 ! ,atlantic f> bel[4 ,b x matt]s mu* to a wise man t "u all ^! symbols 7n *ildi% at all1 b mo/ gr&1 to ! man :o kn[s ! gr& place ( :i* !y are told71 !re is set =? ! victory ( a good & b5efic5t man ov] evil1 :e!r ( matt] or ( _s4 ,x matt]s mu* to him t t cell1 t bell1 t image are tok5s t if n ,/4 ,patrick1 "s "o else1 at lea/1 did live & wor%ip on t m\nta9 top1 9 remote primaeval times1 9 a place 9 :i* we w\ld n1 p]haps c\ld n1 endure life a week4 ,x matt]s mu* to him t ! man :o s dwelt !re1 ga9$ su* a p[] ov] ! m9ds ( ! hea!n r\nd him1 t five millions ( _! ,*ri/ian desc5dants wor%ip him1 & ,god on acc\nt ( him1 at ?is day4 ,/4 ,ita1 aga94 ,x matt]s little t %e did n--because %e c\ld n--p]=m ! miracles imput$ to h]4 ,x matt]s little :e!r %e _h or n--z ,i d n believe h] to h _h--a regul>ly organiz$ conv5t ( nuns 9 ,irel& dur+ ! six? c5tury4 ,x matt]s little if ! /ory :i* foll[s is a m]e inv5tion ( ! nuns 9 "s aft]- c5tury1 9 ord] to make a good title = ! l&s :i* !y held--a trick b too common 9 ^? days4 ,b x matt]s mu* t %e %\ld h be5 su* a p]son1 t su* a /ory z ?is1 :5 told ( h]1 %\ld h ga9$ belief3--,h[ ! tribes ( ,hy-,connell1 he>+ ( h] great hol9ess1 came to h] ) _! *iefs1 & (f]$ h] all ! l& ab\t h] cell4 ,b %e1 n wi%+ to be entangl$ ) e>?ly c>es1 accept$ b f\r acres r\nd h] cell1 = a g>d5 ( h]bs = h] & h] nuns4 ,& ! simple wild ,iri% 7 sad & angry1 & said1 ',if ?\ wilt n take x alive1 ?\ %alt take x :5 ?\ art dead4 ,s !y *ose h] !n & !re = _! patroness1 & %e bless$ !m ) _m bless+s1 :i* are fulfill$ unto ?is day2 & :5 %e migrat$ to ! ,"l !y gave h] all ! l&1 & h] nuns hold x to ?is day1 ! l& ( ,hy-,connell on ! ea/ ,%annon bank1 at ! roots ( ,lua*ra m\nta94' ,:at a picture6 ,"o hopes t x may be true1 = ! sake ( its beauty & its pa?os4 ,! poor1 savage1 half-nak$1 &1 ,i fe>1 on ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,j]ome & o!rs1 n[ & !n cannibal ,celts1 ) _! saffron sc>fs1 & sk5es1 & d>ts1 & glibs ( long hair hang+ ov] _! hypo-gorillace\s visages1 com+ to ! prophet maid51 & ask+ h] to take _! l&1 = !y c\ld make no dec5t use ( x !mselves2 & look aft] !m1 body & s\l1 = !y c\ld n look aft] !mselves2 & pray = !m to h] ,god1 = !y did n "k h[ to pray to ,him !mselves4 ,if any man %all regret t su* an ev5t happ5$ to any savages on ?is e>?1 ,i am1 ,i confess1 sorry = him4 ,/4 ,sev]9us1 aga91 :om ,i h m5tion$ to y m ?an once3--none ( u c believe t he made a dead corpse 7,silv9us ! prie/1 by "n7 sit up & talk ) him on its road to burial4 ,none ( u ne$ believe t he /opp$ ! plague at ,vi5na by 8 pray]s4 ,none ( u ne$ attribute to any?+ b 8 sagacity ! ,div9e revelations :]eby he pr$ict$ ! de/ruction ( a t[n = its wick$ness1 & escap$ !nce1 l ,lot1 alone2 or by :i* he discov]$1 dur+ ! fam9e ( ,vi5na1 t a c]ta9 ri* wid[ _h mu* corn hidd5 9 h] cell>s3 b !re are facts en\gh1 cr$ible & und\bt$1 conc]n+ ,/4 ,sev]9us1 ! apo/le ( ,au/ria1 to make u tru/ t 9 him1 too1 wisdom 0 ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54 ,y may rem>k1 among ! few words :i* h be5 z yet said ( ,/4 ,sev]9us1 a de/ruction1 a plague1 & a fam9e4 ,^? words are a fair sample ( ,/4 ,sev]9us's times1 & ( ! circum/ances into :i* he volunt>ily ?rew himself4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury !re appe>s 9 ! dy+ ,roman prov9ce ( ,noricum 7,au/ria we n[ call x7 a /range g5tleman1 eloqu5t & le>n$ beyond all1 & ) ! /range/ p[] ( melt+ & rul+ ! he>ts ( m54 ,:o he is he w n tell1 save t 8 "n is ,sev]9us1 a "r noble "n )\t d\bt4 ,gradually x oozes out t he has be5 9 ! f> ,ea/1 ?r\gh long travels & /range dang]s1 ?r\gh _m cities & _m l&s2 b he w tell no?+4 ,he is ! s]vant ( ,god1 come hi!r to try to be ( use4 ,he c]ta9ly c\ld h come = no o!r reason1 unless to buy slaves2 = ,au/ria 0 at t "t ! v highway ( ! nations1 ! c5tre ( ! human ,mahl/rom1 9 :i* ,huns1 ,gepid51 ,allmann51 ,rug51 & a doz5 wild tribes m1 wre/l$ up & d[n r\nd ! />v+ & beleagu]$ ,roman t[ns ( t once f]tile & happy prov9ce4 ,a man :o w5t !re = 8 own pleasure1 or ev5 devotion1 w\ld h be5 z wise z "o :o _h built himself la/ summ] a villa on ! ,rappahannock1 or retir$ = private m$itation to ! or*>d ( ,h\g\mont dur+ ! battle ( ,wat]loo4 ,nev]!less1 !re ,sev]9us /ay$ till m5 began to appreciate him2 & call$ him1 & n unju/ly1 ,sa9t4 ,:y n8 ,he prea*$1 he taught1 he succ\r$1 he advis$1 he f$1 he gov]n$2 he turn$ aside ! raids ( ! wild ,g]man k+s2 he ga9$ a div9e p[] ov] _! he>ts2 he taught !m some?+ ( ,god & ( ,*ri/1 some?+ ( ju/ice & m]cy2 some?+ ( peace & unity among !mselves2 till ! fame ran ?r\gh all ! ,alps1 & f> away into ! ,hung>ian m>*es1 t !re 0 a prophet ( ,god aris5 9 ! l&2 & be=e ! un>m$ man1 fa/+ & pray+ 9 8 solit>y cell on ! m\nta9 above ,vi5na1 t5 ?\s& knights & *ampions trembl$1 :o nev] _h trembl$ at ! sight ( arm$ ho/s4 ,:o w\ld d5y t man ! "n ( sa9t8 ,& :o1 if by t sagacity :i* comes f ! comb9ation ( intellect & virtue1 he sometimes seem$ miracul\sly to =etell com+ ev5ts1 w\ld d5y him ! "n ( prophet also8 ,if ,/4 ,sev]9us be ! type ( ! monk z prophet1 ,/4 ,columba may /& z ! type ( ! mission>y monk2 ! good man /r5g!n$ by lonely m$itation2 b us+ t /r5g? n = selfi% fanaticism1 b = ! good ( m52 go+ =? unwill+ly out ( 8 belov$ solitude1 t he may save s\ls4 ,r\nd him1 too1 clu/] ! usual my?s4 ,he drives away ) ! sign ( ! cross a mon/] :i* attacks him at a =d4 ,he expels f a f\nta9 ! devils :o smote ) palsy & madness all :o ba!d !re94 ,he sees by a prophetic _s1 he sitt+ 9 8 cell 9 ,irel&1 a great ,italian t[n de/roy$ by a volcano4 ,8 fri5ds behold a column ( light ris+ f 8 head z he celebrates mass4 ,yes2 b !y also tell ( him1 't he 0 angelical 9 look1 brilliant 9 spee*1 holy 9 "w1 cle> 9 intellect1 great 9 c\ncil4' ,t he 'nev] pass$ an h\r )\t pray]1 or a holy de$1 or read+ ( ! ,scriptures 7= ^! old monks _h ,bibles1 & knew !m by he>t too1 9 spite ( all t has be5 writt5 to ! contr>y71 t he 0 ( s excell5t a humility & *>ity1 ba?+ 8 disciples' feet :5 !y came home f lab\r1 & c>ry+ corn f ! mill on 8 own back1 t he fulfill$ ! precept ( 8 ,ma/]1 ',he t w be ! greate/ among y1 let him be z y\r s]vant4' ,!y also tell ( him 7& ?is is fact & hi/ory7 h[ he left 8 mona/]y ( ,d]m ,ea*1 '! field ( oaks1' :i* we call ,d]ry1 & w5t away at ! risk ( 8 life to prea* to ! wild ,picts ( ,gall[ay1 & f\nd$ ! great mona/]y ( ,iona1 & t succession ( abbots f :om ,*ri/ianity spread ov] ! s\? ( ,scotl& & nor? ( ,engl&1 "u 8 great successor ,aidan4 ,aidan has 8 my?s likewise4 ,!y tell ( him h[ he /ill$ ! sea- waves ) holy oil2 h[ he turn$ back on ,p5da & 8 ,saxons ! flames ) :i* ! hea!n k+ 0 try+ to burn d[n ,bambor\gh walls4 ,b !y tell1 too 7& ,b$e _h he>d x f ^? :o _h kn[n ,aidan 9 ! fle%7 ( '8 love ( peace & *>ity1 8 purity & humility1 8 m9d sup]ior to av>ice or pride1 8 au?ority1 becom+ a m9i/] ( ,*ri/1 9 reprov+ ! haughty & p[]ful1 & 8 t5d]ness 9 reliev+ ! afflict$1 & def5d+ ! poor4' ,:o1 save "o :o rejoice? 9 evil1 in/ead ( rejoic+ 9 ! tru?1 w c>e to fix 8 eyes = a mom5t ^u ! fairy tales :i* surr\nd su* a /ory1 z long z !re %9es out f among !m cle> & pure1 9 spite ( all doctr9al errors1 ! grace ( ,god1 ! lik5ess ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l8 ,let u look next at ! prie/ z ,tribune ( ! p1 support$ usually by ! invisible1 b mo/ pot5t pres5ce ( ! sa9t1 ^: relics he kept4 ,"o may see t side ( 8 p[] 9 ,raphael's immortal design ( ,attila's meet+ ) ! ,pope at ! gates ( ,rome1 & recoil+ z he sees ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul float+ t]rible & ?reat5+ above ! ,holy ,city4 ,is x a my?1 a falsehood8 ,n altoge!r4 ,su* a man z ,attila probably w\ld h se5 !m1 ) 8 /rong savage imag9ation1 z incapable z t ( a *ild f di/+ui%+ betwe5 dreams & facts1 betwe5 ! subjective & ! objective _w4 ,& x 0 on ! :ole well = him & = mank9d1 t he %\ld ?9k t he saw !m1 & tremble be=e ! spiritual & ! invisible2 confess+ a high] law ?an t ( 8 own ambition & self-w2 a high] p[] ?an t ( 8 brute ,t>t> hordes4 ,raphael's design is b a fam\s in/ance ( an influ5ce :i* wr\ght ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ! d[n-trodd5 & dy+ ,roman ,empire1 ?r\gh ! f\r fe>ful c5turies :i* foll[$ ! battle ( ,adrianople4 ,! wild lic5ce1 ! boyi% audacity1 ( ! invad+ ,teutons 0 nev] really *eck$1 save by ! prie/ & ! monk :o wor%ipp$ ov] ! bones ( "s old sa9t or m>tyr1 ^: "n ! ,teutons _h nev] he>d4 ,!n1 z ! wild ,k+1 ,e>l1 or ,comes1 ) 8 wild reit]s at 8 heels1 gallop$ ?r\gh ! l&1 fight+ indiscrim9ately 8 ,roman enemies1 & 8 ,teutonic rivals--h>ry+1 slaught]+1 burn+ by field & wild--he 0 aw>e at la/ ( some?+ :i* made him pause4 ,"s little wall$ t[n1 built on ! ru9s ( a great ,roman city1 ) its ,byzant9e m9/] t[]+ ov] ! ?at*$ ro(s1 %elt]+ !m z ! oak %elt]s ! la/ night's fungus at its base4 ,m ?an once 9 ! la/ c5tury or two1 has t same t[n be5 sack$4 ,m ?an once has ! surviv+ prie/ crawl$ out ( 8 hid+-place :5 ! s\nd ( w> 0 pa/1 call$ ! surviv+ poor ar\nd him1 dug ! dead out ( ! burn+ ru9s = ,*ri/ian burial1 built up a few %$s1 f$ a few wid[s & orphans1 organiz$ "s =m ( ord]ly life out ( ! *aos ( blood & a%es1 9 ! "n ( ,god & ,/4 ,quemdeusvult ^: bones he gu>ds2 & s he has e/abli%$ a tempor>y !ocracy1 & become a sort ( tribune ( ! p1 magi/rate & fa!r--! only "o !y h4 ,& n[ he w try ! might ( ,/4 ,quemdeusvult aga9/ ! wild k+1 & see if he c save ! t[n f be+ sack$ once m4 ,s out he comes--a bi%op p]haps1 ) prie/s1 monks1 crucifixes1 bann]s1 litanies4 ,! wild k+ mu/ come no fur!r4 ,t l& belongs to no mortal man1 b to ,/4 ,quemdeusvult1 m>tyr$ "h by ! hea!n five hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,"s old ,kais] ( ,rome1 or x may be "s =m] ,go?ic k+1 gave t place to ! sa9t = ev]1 & ! sa9t w av5ge 8 rights4 ,he is v m]ciful to ^? :o duly hon\r him3 b v t]rible 9 8 wra? if he be ar\s$4 ,has n ! k+ he>d h[ ! ,c\nt ( su* a place1 only =ty ye>s be=e1 w\ld h c>ri$ (f a maid5 f ,/4 ,quemdeusvult's t[n2 & :5 ! bi%op )/ood him1 he answ]$ t he c>$ no m = ! relics ( ! sa9t ?an = ! relics ( a dead ass1 & s took ! maid5 & w5t8 ,b )9 a ye> & a day1 he fell d[n dead 9 8 dr9k1 & :5 !y came to lay out ! corpse1 behold ! devils _h c>ri$ x away1 & put a dead ass 9 its place4 ,all :i* ! bi%op w\ld fully believe4 ,:y n8 ,he _h no physical sci5ce to tell him t x 0 impossible4 ,morally1 x 0 9 8 eyes j1 & !re=e probable2 :ile z = te/imony1 m5 7 cont5t ) v little 9 ^? days1 simply because !y c\ld get v little4 ,news progress$ sl[ly 9 c\ntries desolate & roadless1 & grew z x pass$ f m\? to m\?1 z x did 9 ! ,highl&s a c5tury ago1 z x did b lately 9 ! ,indian ,mut9y2 till aft] a fact _h tak5 t5 ye>s 9 cross+ a few m\nta9s & =e/s1 x _h assum$ proportions utt]ly fanta/ic & gigantic4 ,s ! wild k+ & 8 wild knights pause4 ,!y c face fle% & blood3 b :o c face ! q inf9ite t]rors ( an unse5 _w8 ,!y are m5 ( blood too1 m5 ( evil lives2 & consci5ce makes !m c[>ds4 ,!y beg9 to ?9k t !y h gone too f>4 ,c\ld !y see ! sa9t1 & make x up ) him some:at8 ,no4 ,! sa9t !y _c see4 ,to op5 8 %r9e w\ld be to commit ! s9 ( ,uzzah4 ,palsy & bl9dness w\ld be ! lea/ t w\ld foll[4 ,b ! dome "u :i* he lies all m5 may see2 & p]haps ! sa9t may li/51 if !y speak him fair4 ,!y feel m & m uncom=table4 ,?is sa9t1 9 heav5 at ,god's "r h&1 & yet !re 9 ! dom-*ur*--is cle>ly a my/]i\s1 ubiquit\s p]son1 :o may take !m 9 ! re> v unexpect$ly4 ,& 8 prie/s1 ) _! book-le>n+1 & _! sci5ces1 & _! /range dresses & *ants--:o kn[s :at secret p[]s1 magical or o!r1 !y may n possess8 ,!y blu/] at fir/3 be+ 7z ,i h said7 mu* ( ! temp] & habits1 = good & evil1 ( ,engli% navvies4 ,b !y gr[ m & m uneasy1 full ( *ildi% curiosity1 & undef9$ dread4 ,s into ! t[n !y g1 on promise 7:i* !y w hon\rably keep1 be+ ,g]man m57 ( do+ no h>m to ! plebs1 ! half ,roman artisans & burgh]s :o are keep+ !mselves alive "h--! la/ dy+ remnants ( ! civilization1 & luxury1 & cruelty1 & wick$ness1 ( a great ,roman colonial city2 & !y />e at arts & h&icrafts new to !m2 & are hospitably f$ by bi%ops & prie/s2 & !n !y g1 trembl+ & awkw>d1 into ! great dom-*ur*2 & gaze wond]+ at ! frescoes1 & ! c>v+s ( ! arcades--m>bles f ,italy1 porphyries f ,egypt1 all pat*$ toge!r out ( ! ru9s ( ,roman ba?s1 & temples1 & !atres2 & at la/ !y arrive at ! sa9t's %r9e itself--"s m>ble s>cophagus1 mo/ probably cov]$ ) v9e & ivy leaves1 ) nymphs & satyrs1 long s9ce consecrat$ ) holy wat] to a new & bett] use4 ,inside t lies ! sa9t1 asleep1 yet ev] awake4 ,s !y _h be/ consid] 9 ^: pres5ce !y are1 & fe> ,god & ,/4 ,quemdeusvult1 & ca/ away ! sev5 deadly s9s :]e) !y are defil$2 = ! sa9t is a righte\s man1 & di$ = righte\sness' sake2 & ^? :o rob ! orphan & ! wid[1 & put ! fa!rless to dea?1 !m he _c abide2 & !m he w wat* l an eagle ( ! sky1 & track l a wolf ( ! wood1 fill he puni%es !m ) a great de/ruction4 ,9 %ort1 ! bi%op prea*es to ! k+ & 8 m5 a "r noble & valiant s]mon1 call+ ?+s by _! true names )\t fe> or fav\r1 & assum+1 on ! m]e /r5g? ( be+ 9 ! "r1 a tone ( calm sup]iority :i* makes ! /rong arm$ m5 blu% & tremble be=e ! weak & helpless "o4 ,yes4 ,_s is /rong] ?an fle%4 ',meekly b5d ?y neck1 ,sicamb]6' said ,/4 ,remigius to ! great conqu]+ ,k+ ,clovis1 :5 he /ept into ! baptismal font--7n ',mo/ ,graci\s ,maje/y1' or ',illu/ri\s ,caes>1' or 'by ! grace ( ,god ,"l ( ! ,franks1' b ,sicamb]1 z a mission>y might n[ say ,maori1 or ,caffre1--& yet ,/4 ,remigius's life 0 9 ,clovis's h& !n & always71--',burn :at ?\ ha/ ador$1 & adore :at ?\ ha/ burn$6' ,& ! t]rible ,clovis trembl$ & obey$4 ,s does ! wild k+ at ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,quemdeusvult4 ,he takes 8 bracelet1 or 8 jewel1 & (f]s x civilly en\gh4 ,w ! bi%op be s good z to in=m ! great ,e>l ,/4 ,quemdeusvult1 t he 0 n aw>e ( 8 rights1 or ev5 ( 8 "n2 t p]haps he w deign to accept ?is jewel1 :i* he took (f ! neck ( a ,roman ,g5]al--t--t on ! :ole he is will+ to make ! am5de honorable1 z f> z is consi/5t ) ! feel+s ( a nobleman2 & tru/s t ! sa9t1 be+ a nobleman too1 w be satisfi$ !re)4 ,aft] :i*1 probably1 x w appe> to ! wild k+ t ?is bi%op is ! v man t he wants1 ! v opposite to himself & 8 wild rid]s2 a man pure1 peaceable1 j1 & brave2 possess$1 too1 ( b\ndless le>n+2 :o c read1 write1 ciph]1 & ca/ nativities2 :o has a :ole room full ( books & p>*m5ts1 & a map ( ! :ole _w2 :o c talk ,lat91 & p]haps ,greek1 z well z "o ( ^? accurs$ man-eat+ ,gr5dels1 a ,roman lawy]1 or a logo!te f ,rav5na2 possess$1 too1 ( b\ndless sup]natural p[]2--,w\ld ! bi%op be s good z to help him 9 8 dispute ) ! ,c\nt ,boso1 ab\t _! respective m>*es 9 su* & su* a =e/8 ,if ! bi%op c\ld only settle t )\t m fight+1 ( c\rse he %\ld h 8 rew>d4 ,he w\ld confirm to ! sa9t & 8 burg all ! rights grant$ by ,con/ant9e ! ,kais]2 & give him moreov] all ! mead[ l& 9 su* & su* a place1 ) ! mills & fi%]ies1 on s]vice ( a di% ( tr\t f ! bi%op & 8 successors1 :5ev] he came t way3 = ! tr\t !re 7 exce$+ good1 t he knew4 ,& s a b>ga9 w\ld be /ruck1 & "o ( ^? curi\s compromises betwe5 ! spiritual & temporal au?orities take root1 ( :i* "o may read at l5g? 9 ! pages ( ,m4 ,guizot1 or ,sir ,james ,/eph54 ,& aft] a few ye>s1 mo/ probably1 ! k+ w\ld express a wi% to be baptiz$1 at ! in/ance ( 8 que5 :o _h be5 won ov] by ! bi%op1 & _h gone d[n into ! font "s ye>s be=e2 & he w\ld bid 8 rid]s be baptiz$ also2 & !y w\ld obey1 see+ t x c\ld d !m no h>m1 & might d !m "s good2 & !y w\ld agree to live m or less accord+ to ! laws ( ,god & common humanity2 & s "o m ,*ri/ian /ate w\ld be =m$2 "o m liv+ /one 7z x 0 phras$ 9 ^? days7 built into ! great temple ( ,god :i* 0 call$ ,*ri/5dom4 ,s ! "w 0 done4 ,c we devise any bett] me?od ( do+ x8 ,if n1 let u be cont5t t x 0 done someh[1 & believe t wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54 ,we may object to ! fact1 t ! dom-*ur* & its organization grew up 7z 0 ! case 9 ! va/ majority ( in/ances7 r\nd ! body ( a sa9t or m>tyr2 we may smile at ! notion ( an invisible own] & protector ( ! soil3 b we mu/ n ov]look ! broad fact1 t )\t t pre/ige ! b>b>ians w\ld nev] h be5 aw$ into humanity2 )\t t pre/ige ! place w\ld h be5 swept (f ! face ( ! e>?1 till n "o /one /ood on ano!r3 & he :o does n see :at a disa/] = humanity t w\ld h be51 mu/ be ignorant t ! civilization ( ,europe is ! *ild ( ! t[ns2 & also t our ,teutonic =efa!rs 7 by pr(ession de/roy]s ( t[ns1 & settl]s ap>t f ea* o!r on c\ntry freeholds4 ,lonely b>b>ism w\ld h be5 ! fate ( ,europe1 b = ! monk :o gu>d$ ! relics ( ! sa9t )9 ! wall$ burg4 ,?is good "w ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ! pres]vation & ev5 resuscitation ( ! municipal in/itutions ( ! t[ns1 has be5 discu/ s well & fully by ,m4 ,guizot1 ,m4 ,sismondi1 & ,sir ,james ,/eph51 t ,i %all say no m ab\t x1 save to recomm5d y to read :at !y h writt54 ,i g on to po9t out to y "s o!r v important facts1 :i* my ideal sket* exemplifies4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,cl]gy & ! ,teuton conqu]ors 0 m ?an a diff]5ce ( cre$1 or ( civilization4 ,x 0 an actual diff]5ce ( race4 ,!y 7 ,romans1 to :om ! ,teuton 0 a savage1 speak+ a diff]5t tongue1 obey+ diff]5t laws1 8 :ole !ory ( ! univ]se diff]5t f ! ,roman4 ,& he 01 moreov]1 an enemy & a de/roy]4 ,! ,teuton 0 to !m z a ,h9doo is to u1 ) ! t]rible exception1 t ! positions 7 rev]s$2 t ! ,teuton 0 n ! conqu]$1 b ! conqu]or4 ,x is easy = u to feel humanity & ,*ri/ian *>ity t[>d races :i* we h ma/]$4 ,x 0 n s easy = ! ,roman prie/ to feel !m t[>d a race :i* _h ma/]$ him4 ,8 repugnance to ! ',b>b>ian' mu/ h be5 at fir/ int5se4 ,he nev] w\ld h conqu]$ x2 he nev] w\ld h become ! will+ conv]t] ( ! hea!n1 _h !re n be5 9 him ! ,_s ( ,god1 & firm belief 9 a ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 to :i* all m5 ( all races ought alike to belong4 ,?is true & glori\s idea1 ! only "o :i* has ev] be5 or ev] w be able to break d[n ! b>ri]s ( race1 & ! animal antipa?y :i* ! natural man has to all :o are n ( 8 own k93 ?is idea 0 ! sole possession ( ! ,roman cl]gy2 & by x !y conqu]$1 because x 0 true1 & came f ,god4 ,b ?is v diff]5ce ( race expos$ ! cl]gy to great temptations4 ,!y 7 ! only civiliz$ m5 left1 we/ ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,!y look$ on ! ,teuton n z a man1 b z a *ild2 to be rul$2 to be pett$ :5 he did "r1 puni%$ :5 he did wrong2 & too (t5 cajol$ into do+ "r1 & avoid+ wrong4 ,craft became m & m _! usual weapon4 ,!re 7 great excuses = !m4 ,_! lives & prop]ty 7 9 cont9ual dang]4 ,craft is ! natural weapon ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong4 ,x seem$ to !m1 too (t51 to be n only natural1 b spiritual also1 & !re=e j & "r4 ,aga91 ! cl]gy 7 ! only organic remnants ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,!y claim$ _! privileges & l&s z grant$ to !m by pa/ ,roman ,emp]ors1 "u ! ,roman law4 ,?is fact made x _! int]e/1 ( c\rse1 to p]petuate t ,roman law1 & to introduce x z f> z !y c\ld among _! conqu]ors1 to ! expulsion ( ! old ,teutonic laws2 & !y succe$$ on ! :ole4 ,( t m h]eaft]4 ,obs]ve n[1 t z _! rights dat$ f times :i* to ! ,teutons 7 pre-hi/oric1 _! /atem5ts c\ld n be *eck$ by conqu]ors :o c\ld n ev5 read4 ,!nce rose ! temptation to =ge2 to =ge leg5ds1 *>t]s1 dotations1 ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( all k9ds--an ugly & _w-fam\s in/ance ( :i* y w he> ( h]eaft]4 ,to t temptation !y yield$ m & m z ! ye>s roll$ on1 till _! /atem5ts on ecclesia/ical hi/ory became su* z no hi/orian c tru/1 )\t ! mo/ pl5tiful corroboration4 ,!re 7 great excuses = !m1 9 ?is matt]1 z 9 o!rs4 ,!y c\ld n b look on ! ,teuton z--:at 9 fact & law he 0--an unju/ & intrusive usurp]4 ,!y c\ld n b look on _! ,roman congregations1 & on !mselves1 z :at 9 fact & law !y 71 ! rightful own]s ( ! soil4 ,!y 7 b def5d+ or recov]+ _! orig9al rights4 ,w\ld n ! end ju/ify ! means8 ,b m4 ,out ( ?is s+ul> position grew a doctr9e1 :i* looks to u irrational n[1 b 0 by no means s !n4 ,if ! ,*ur* d]iv$ h] rights f ! ext9ct ,roman ,caes>s1 h[ c\ld ! ,teuton conqu]ors int]f]e ) ^? rights8 ,if %e _h ow$ allegiance to ,con/ant9e or ,!odosius1 %e c]ta9ly ow$ none to ,dietri*1 ,albo91 or ,clovis4 ,%e did n hold _! l&s ( !m2 & w\ld pay !m1 if %e c\ld avoid x1 nei!r tax nor toll4 ,%e did n recognize ! sov]eignty ( ^! ,teutons z 'orda9$ by ,god4' ,out ( ?is simple political fact grew up va/ consequ5ces4 ,! ,teuton k+ 0 a hea!n or ,arian usurp]4 ,he 0 n a k+ de jure1 9 ! eyes ( ! cl]gy1 till he 0 baptiz$ into ! ,*ur*1 & !n lawfully ano9t$ k+ by ! cl]gy4 ,?us ! cl]gy gradually became ! mak]s ( k+s2 & ! p[] ( mak+ involv$ a correspond+ p[] ( unmak+1 if ! k+ rebell$ aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 & s cut himself (f f ,*ri/5dom4 ,at be/1 he 0 "o ( '! ,pr9ces ( ?is _w1' f :om ! ,*ur* 0 free1 absolutely 9 spiritual matt]s1 & 9 temporal matt]s1 also de jure1 & !re=e de facto z f> z %e c\ld be made free4 ,to keep ! possessions ( ! ,*ur* f be+ t\*$ by pr(ane h&s1 ev5 t !y might contribute to ! common ne$s ( ! nation1 became a sacr$ duty1 a fix$ idea1 = :i* ! cl]gy mu/ /ruggle1 ana!matize1 =ge if ne$ be3 b also--to d !m ju/ice--die if ne$ be z m>tyrs4 ,! nations ( ?is _w 7 no?+ to !m4 ,! w>s ( ! nations 7 no?+4 ,!y 7 ! p ( ,god1 ':o dwelt alone1 & 7 n reckon$ among ! nations2' _! possessions 7 ! inh]itance ( ,god3 & f ?is idea1 gr[+ 7z ,i h %ewn7 out ( a political fact1 arose ! extra- national1 & too (t5 anti-national position1 :i* ! ,roman cl]gy held = _m ages1 & ( :i* ! in/9ct1 at lea/1 l+]s among !m 9 _m c\ntries4 ,out ( x arose1 too1 all aft] /ruggles betwe5 ! temporal & ecclesia/ical p[]s4 ,becket1 fight+ to ! dea? aga9/ ,h5ry ,,ii41 0 n1 z ,m4 ,?i]ry ?9ks1 ! ,anglo-,saxon defy+ ! ,norman4 ,he 0 ! repres5tative ( ! ,*ri/ian ,roman defy+ ! ,teuton1 on ! gr\nd ( rights :i* he believ$ to h exi/$ :ile ! ,teuton 0 a hea!n 9 ! ,g]man =e/s4 ,gradually1 z ! nations ( ,europe became really nations1 )9 fix$ b\nd>ies1 & sep>ate ,*ri/ian organizations1 ^! dem&s ( ! ,*ur* became intol]able 9 reason1 because unnecess>y 9 fact4 ,b _h !re n be5 9 !m at ! fir/ an in/9ct ( "r & ju/ice1 !y w\ld nev] h become ! fix$ idea ( ! cl]ical m9d2 ! violation ( !m ! "o inexpiable s92 & ! def5ce ( !m 7z may be se5 by look+ ?r\gh ! ,romi% ,cal5d>7 ! mo/ pot5t qualification = sa9t%ip4 ,yes4 ,! cl]gy believ$ t idea deeply en\gh to die = x4 ,/4 ,alphege at ,cant]bury _h be51 x is said1 "o ( ! fir/ advis]s ( ! ignom9i\s paym5t ( ! ,danegeld3 b !re 0 "o ?+ :i* he w\ld n d4 ,he w\ld advise ! giv+ up ( ! money ( ! nation3 b ! money ( 8 *ur* he w\ld n give up4 ,! ,danes might ?ru/ him into a fil?y dungeon3 he w\ld n take ! *ildr5's bread & ca/ x unto ! dogs4 ,!y might drag him out into _! hu/+1 & ?reat5 him ) torture3 b to ! drunk5 cry ( ',gold6 ,bi%op6 ,gold6' 8 only answ] w\ld be--,n a p5ny4 ,he c\ld n rob ! poor ( ,*ri/4 ,& :5 he fell1 beat5 to dea? ) ! bones & horns ( ! slaught]$ ox51 he di$ 9 fai?2 a m>tyr to ! great idea ( t day1 t ! gold ( ! ,*ur* did n belong to ! conqu]ors ( ?is _w4 ,b ,/4 ,alphege 0 an ,engli%man1 & n a ,roman4 ,true 9 ! lett]3 b n 9 ! _s4 ,! prie/ or monk1 by becom+ su*1 m or less r5\nc$ 8 nationality4 ,x 0 ! object ( ! ,*ur* to make him r5\nce x utt]ly2 to make him reg>d himself no long] z ,engli%man1 ,frank1 ,lomb>d1 or ,go?3 b z ! repres5tatives by an h]$it>y desc5t1 consid]$ all ! m real because x 0 spiritual & n c>nal1 ( ! ,roman ,*ur*2 to prev5t 8 be+ entangl$1 :e!r by m>riage or o!rwise1 9 ! bus9ess ( ?is life2 out ( :i* w\ld fl[ nepotism1 ,simony1 & ,era/ian submission to ^? sov]eigns :o ought to be ! s]vants1 n ! lords ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= ?is end no means 7 too co/ly4 ,/4 ,dun/an1 9 ord] to expel ! m>ri$ secul> prie/s1 & replace !m by ,b5$ict9e monks ( ! ,italian ord] ( ,monte ,cas9o1 convuls$ ,engl&1 drove h] into civil w>1 p>alys$ h] mon>*s "o aft] ! o!r1 & f9ally left h] exhau/$ & imbecile1 a prey to ! invad+ ,nor?m53 b he _h at lea/ done 8 be/ to make ! royal ,h\se ( ,c]dic1 & ! nations :i* obey$ t ,h\se1 und]/& t ! ,*ur* d]iv$ its rights n f !m1 b f ,rome4 ,?is h]$it>y s5se ( sup]iority on ! "p ( ! cl]gy may expla9 & excuse mu* ( _! seem+ flatt]y4 ,! mo/ vici\s k+s are laud$1 if only !y h be5 'erga s]vos ,dei b5evoli2' if !y h f\nd$ mona/]ies2 if !y h respect$ ! rights ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! cl]gy too (t5 look$ on ! secul> pr9ces z m or less wild bea/s1 ( :om nei!r common dec5cy1 ju/ice1 or m]cy 0 to be expect$2 & !y _h too (t5 reason en\gh to d s4 ,all t c\ld be expect$ ( ! k+s 01 t if !y w\ld n reg>d man1 !y %\ld at lea/ fe> ,god2 :i* if !y did1 ! pro( ( 'div9e grace' on _! "p 0 s unexpect$1 z well z important1 t ! monk *ronicl]s prais$ !m he>tily & hone/ly1 judg+ !m by :at !y _h1 n by :at !y _h n4 ,?us alone c "o expla9 su* a case z t ( ! mona/ic op9ion ( ,dagob]t ! ,second1 k+ ( ! ,franks4 ,we are told 9 ! same n>rative1 seem+ly )\t any great s5se ( incongruity1 h[ he murd]$ 8 own relations & gue/s1 & :o n8--h[ he massacr$ #ijjj ,bulg>s to :om he _h giv5 hospitality2 h[ he kept a h>em ( ?ree que5s1 & o!r wom5 s num]\s t ,fr$eg>ius _c m5tion !m2 & also h[1 accompani$ by 8 h>em1 he *ant$ among ! monks ( ,/4 ,d5is2 h[ he f\nd$ _m ri* conv5ts2 h[ he 0 ! fri5d1 or r pupil1 ( ,/4 ,arnulf ( ,metz1 ,/4 ,om]1 & above all ( ,/4 ,eloi--^: /ory ,i recomm5d y to read1 *>m+ly told1 9 ,mr4 ,maitl&'s ',d>k ,ages1' pp4 #ha-abb4 ,! ?ree sa9ts 7 no hypocrites--,god =bid6 ,!y 7 good m5 & true1 to :om _h be5 entru/$ ! keep+ ( a wild bea/1 to be pett$ & prais$ :5ev] x %ew$ any signs ( humanity or ob$i5ce4 ,b woe to ! pr9ce1 h[ev] useful or virtu\s 9 o!r respects1 :o laid sacrilegi\s h&s on ! goods ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he might1 l ,*>les ,m>tel1 h deliv]$ ,france f ! ,pagans on ! ea/1 & f ! ,mussulm5 on ! s\?1 & h sav$ ,*ri/5dom once & = all f ! dom9ion ( ! ,cresc5t1 9 t great battle on ! pla9s ( ,poiti]s1 :]e ! ,arab cavalry 7says ,isidore ( ,beja7 broke aga9/ ! immoveable l9e ( ,franks1 l 'waves aga9/ a wall ( ice4' ,b if1 l ,*>les ,m>tel1 he _h d>$ to dem& ( ! ,*ur* taxes & contributions t[>d ! support ( 8 troops1 & ! salvation bo? ( ,*ur* & commonweal1 !n all 8 pr[ess 0 9 va94 ,"s monk w\ld surely see him 9 a vision1 z ,/4 ,eu*]ius1 ,bi%op ( ,orleans1 saw ,*>les ,m>tel 7accord+ to ! ,c\ncil ( ,ki]sy71 ') ,ca91 ,judas1 & ,caiaphas1 ?ru/ into ! ,/ygian :irlpools & ,a*]ontic combu/ion ( ! sempit]nal ,t>t>us4' ,^? words1 :i*1 ) slight v>iations1 are a common =mula ( curs+ app5d$ to mona/ic *>t]s aga9/ all :o %\ld infr+e !m1 rem9d u r ( ! six? book ( ,virgil's ,a,eneid ?an ( ! ,holy ,scriptures2 & expla9 :y ,dante naturally *ooses t poet z a guide ?r\gh 8 ,inf]no4 ,! cosmogony f :i* su* an idea 0 d]iv$ 0 simple en\gh4 ,i give1 ( c\rse1 no !ological op9ion on its correctness3 b z pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 ,i am b\nd to set be=e y op9ions :i* _h ! mo/ enorm\s influ5ce on ! hi/ory ( e>ly ,europe4 ,unless y keep !m 9 m9d1 z ! fix$ & absolute backgr\nd ( all human ?\ght & action = m ?an #ajjj ye>s1 y w nev] be able to und]/& ! do+s ( ,european m54 ,?is e>?1 !n1 or at lea/ ! habitable "p ( x1 0 consid]$ z mo/ probably a flat plane4 ,bel[ t plane1 or 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 0 ! realm ( endless fire4 ,x c\ld be ent]$ 7z by ! ,wel% knight :o w5t d[n into ,/4 ,patrick's ,purgatory7 by c]ta9 caves4 ,by li/5+ at ! crat]s ( volcanoes1 :i* 7 its m\?s1 ! cries ( ! tortur$ might be he>d 9 ! dep?s ( ! e>?4 ,9 t ',t>t>us' e human be+ born into ! _w 0 doom$ to be endlessly burnt alive3 only 9 ! ,*ur*1 'extra quam nulla salus1' 0 !re escape f ! common doom4 ,b to t doom1 excommunication1 :i* ?ru/ a man f ! pale ( ! ,*ur*1 condemn$ ! s9n] afre%1 ) curses ! mo/ explicit & mo/ horrible4 ,! sup]ior cl]gy1 !re=e1 ) :om ! ana!matiz+ p[] lay1 believ$ firmly t !y c\ld1 proprio motu1 ^u due cause %ewn1 cause any man or woman to be burn$ alive ?r\gh endless ages4 ,& :at 0 m1 ! ,teutonic laity1 ) t int5se awe ( ! unse5 :i* !y _h br\ght ) !m out ( ! wild]ness1 believ$ x likewise1 & trembl$4 ,x p>alys$ ! wise/1 z well z ! fi]ce/1 t belief4 ,in/ead ( disgu/+ ! k+s ( ! e>?1 x gave !m ov]1 b\nd h& & foot by _! own guilty consci5ces1 into ! dom9ion ( ! cl]gy2 & ! belief t ,*>les ,m>tel 0 damn$1 only knit 7z ,m4 ,sismondi well rem>ks7 8 desc5dants ! ,c>lov+ians m closely to ! ,*ur* :i* posse/ s t]rible a weapon4 ,:e!r !y 7 "r or wrong 9 ^! beliefs is a "q n to be discuss$ 9 ?is *air4 ,my duty is only to po9t out to y ! univ]sal exi/5ce ( ^? beliefs1 & ! hi/oric fact t !y gave ! cl]gy a "* sup]natural1 magical1 div9e1 ) a res]ve ( p[] be=e :i* all trembl$1 f ! begg> to ! k+2 & also1 t all /ruggles betwe5 ! temporal & spiritual p[]s1 l t betwe5 ,h5ry & ,becket1 c only be se5 ju/ly 9 ! light ( ! practical mean+ ( t excommunication :i* ,becket s freely employ$4 ,i mu/ also po9t out to y t s enorm\s a p[] 7too great = ! %\ld]s ( mortal man7 0 c]ta9 to be1 & actually 01 fe>fully abus$1 n only by its direct ex]cise1 b also by b>ga9+ ) m51 ?r\gh indulg5ces & o!rwise1 = ! remission ( t puni%m5t1 :i* ! cl]gy c\ld1 if !y w\ld1 inflict2 & wor/ ( all1 t out ( ! :ole !ory sprang up t sy/em ( p]secution1 9 :i* ! wor/ cruelties ( hea!n ,rome 7 imitat$ by ,*ri/ian prie/s1 on ! seem+ly irrefragable gr\nd t x 0 m]ciful to (f5d]s to save !m1 or1 if n1 at lea/ to save o!rs ?r\gh !m1 by mak+ !m feel = a few h\rs 9 ?is _w :at !y w\ld feel = endless ages 9 ! next4 ,,lecture ,,ix--,,! ,,monk ,a ,,civiliz] ,hi/orians are (t5 blam$ = writ+ z if ! ,hi/ory ( ,k+s & ,pr9ces 7 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w4 ',:y d y tell u1' is said1 '( no?+ b ! m>riages1 successions1 w>s1 *>act]s1 ( a few ,royal ,races8 ,we want to "k :at ! p1 & n ! pr9ces1 7 l4 ,hi/ory ought to be ! hi/ory ( ! masses1 & n ( k+s4' ,! only answ] to ?is compla9t seems to be1 t ! defect is unavoidable4 ,! hi/ory ( ! masses _c be writt51 :ile !y h no hi/ory2 & none w !y h1 z long z !y rema9 a mass2 ere _! hi/ory beg9s1 individuals1 few at fir/1 & m & m num]\s z !y progress1 mu/ rise out ( ! mass1 & become p]sons1 ) fix$ ideas1 det]m9ation1 consci5ce1 m or less diff]5t f _! fell[s1 & !reby leav5+ & elevat+ _! fell[s1 t !y too may become p]sons1 & m5 inde$4 ,!n !y w beg9 to h a common hi/ory1 issu+ out ( ea* man's /ruggle to ass]t 8 own p]sonality & 8 own convictions4 ,till t po9t is rea*$1 ! hi/ory ( ! masses w be m]e /ati/ic conc]n+ _! physical well-be+ or ill-be+1 :i* 7= ! e>ly ages ( our race7 is unwritt51 & !re=e undiscov]able4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,teutonic race1 !re=e1 is1 & mu/ always rema91 simply ! hi/ory ( a few great figures4 ,( ! _m ( ! masses1 no?+ is said2 because !re 0 no?+ to say4 ,!y all ate1 drank1 m>ri$1 till$1 f\ght1 & di$1 n altoge!r brutally1 we w hope1 b /ill 9 a dull monotony1 unbrok5 by any /ruggle ( pr9ciples or ideas4 ,we "k t l>ge masses ( human be+s h s liv$ 9 e age1 & are liv+ s n[--! ,t>t> hordes1 = in/ance1 or ! ?riv+ negroes ( c5tral ,africa3 com=table folk1 gett+ a tol]able liv+1 son aft] fa!r1 = _m g5]ations1 b c]ta9ly n develop$ en\gh1 or afflict$ en\gh1 to h any hi/ory4 ,i believe t ! masses1 dur+ ! e>ly middle age1 7 v well (f2 q z well (f z !y des]v$2 t is1 e>n$ = !mselves4 ,!y liv$ 9 a r\gh way1 c]ta9ly3 b r\ghness is n discom=t1 :]e ! ta/e has n be5 educat$4 ,a ,r$ ,indian sleeps z well 9 a wigwam z we 9 a spr+ b$2 & ! ,iri% babies ?rive z well among ! peat a%es z on a ,brussels c>pet4 ,man is a v well con/ruct$ be+1 & c live & multiply any:]e1 provid$ he c keep w>m1 & get pure wat] & en\gh to eat4 ,inde$1 our ,teutonic fa!rs mu/ h be5 com=tably (f1 or !y c\ld n h multipli$ z !y did4 ,ev5 ?\gh _! numb]s may h be5 ov]/at$1 ! fact is pat5t1 t h[soev] !y 7 slaught]$ d[n1 by ! ,romans or by ea* o!r1 !y rose aga9 z out ( ! soil1 m num]\s ?an ev]4 ,aga9 & aga9 y read ( a tribe be+ all b ext]m9at$ by ! ,romans1 & 9 a few ye>s f9d x bur/+ ov] ! ,pfalzgrab or ! ,danube1 m num]\s & t]rible ?an be=e4 ,nev] believe t a p depre/ by cold1 ill-fe$+1 & ill-tra9+1 c\ld h conqu]$ ,europe 9 ! face ( c5turies ( de/ructive w>4 ,^? v w>s1 aga91 may h help$ 9 ! long run ! increase ( population1 & = a reason simple en\gh1 ?\gh (t5 ov]look$4 ,w> ?r[s l& out ( cultivation2 & :5 peace returns1 ! new settl]s f9d ! l& fall[1 & m or less re/or$ to its orig9al f]tility2 & s beg9s a p]iod ( rapid & prosp]\s increase4 ,9 no o!r way c ,i expla9 ! rate at :i* nations aft] ! mo/ desolat+ w>s spr+ up1 "y & /rong aga91 l ! pho5ix1 f _! own fun]al pile4 ,!y beg9 afre% z ! till]s ( a virg9 soil1 fatt5$ too (t5 ) ! a%es ( burnt home/eads1 & ! blood ( ! sla94 ,ano!r elem5t ( com=t may h be5 ! fact1 t 9 ! r\gh education ( ! =e/1 only ! /rong & heal?y *ildr5 liv$1 :ile ! weakly di$ (f "y1 & s ! lab\r-m>ket1 z we %\ld say n[1 0 nev] ov]/ock$4 ,?is is ! case ) our own gipsies1 & ) _m savage tribes--! ,r$ ,indians1 = in/ance--& acc\nts = _! g5]al heal?9ess3 ! unheal?y be+ all dead1 9 ! fir/ /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,b !n ^! gipsies1 & ! ,r$ ,indians1 d n increase 9 numb]s1 b ! contr>y2 :ile our =efa!rs increas$ rapidly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h1 at lea/ ?r\gh\t ! middle ages1 acc\nts ( su* sw>ms ( cripples1 lep]s1 de=m$1 & o!r incapable p]sons1 z to make "s m5 believe t !re 7 m ( !m1 9 proportion to ! population1 ?an !re are n[4 ,& x may h be5 s4 ,! /ronge/ & heal?ie/ m5 always go+ (f to be kill$ 9 w>1 ! weaklie/ only w\ld be left at home to bre$2 & s an unheal?y population might spr+ up4 ,& aga9--& ?is is a curi\s fact--z law & ord] ent] a c\ntry1 s w ! proportion ( incapables1 9 body & m9d1 increase4 ,9 times ( w> & an>*y1 :5 e "o is %ift+ = himself1 only ! /ronge/ & %rewde/ c /&4 ,woe to ^? :o _c take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! fools & c[>ds1 ! weakly & sickly1 are kill$1 />v$1 neglect$1 or 9 o!r ways br\ght to grief4 ,b :5 law & ord] come1 !y protect ^? :o _c protect !mselves1 & ! fools & c[>ds1 ! weakly & sickly1 are support$ at ! public exp5se1 & all[$ to increase & multiply z public burd5s4 ,i d n say t ?is is wrong1 ,heav5 =bid6 ,i only /ate ! fact4 ,a gov]nm5t is q "r 9 def5d+ all alike f ! brute competition ( nature1 ^: motto is--,woe to ! weak4 ,to ! ,*ur* ( ! middle age is due ! prea*+ & ! practice ( ! great ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 t society is b\nd to protect ! weak4 ,s f> ! middle age saw3 b no fur!r4 ,= our own times has be5 res]v$ ! high] & deep] doctr9e1 t x is ! duty ( society to make ! weak /rong2 to re=m1 to cure1 & above all1 to prev5t by education1 by sanit>y sci5ce1 by all & e means1 ! necessity ( re=m+ & ( cur+4 ,sci5ce c\ld n d t 9 ! middle age4 ,b if ,sci5ce c\ld n d x1 ,religion w\ld at lea/ try to d ! next be/ ?+ to x4 ,! mona/]ies 7 ! refuges1 :i!r ! weak escap$ f ! competition ( ! /rong4 ,?i!r flock$ ! poor1 ! crippl$1 ! orphan1 & ! wid[1 all1 9 fact1 :o c\ld n fight = !mselves4 ,!re !y f\nd some?+ l ju/ice1 ord]1 pity1 help4 ,ev5 ! fool & ! c[>d1 :5 !y w5t to ! conv5t-door1 7 n turn$ away4 ,! poor half-witt$ rascal1 :o _h n s5se en\gh to s]ve ! k+1 might /ill s]ve ! abbot4 ,he w\ld be set to drive1 pl\gh1 or hew wood--possibly by ! side ( a g5tleman1 a nobleman1 or ev5 a pr9ce--& live "u equal law ) !m2 & "u1 too1 a discipl9e m /rict ?an t ( any mod]n army2 & if he w\ld n hew ! wood1 or drive ! bullocks1 z he ought1 !n ! abbot w\ld h him flogg$ s\ndly till he did2 :i* 0 bett] = him1 aft] all1 ?an w&]+ ab\t to be hoot$ by ! boys1 & dy+ 9 a dit* at la/4 ,! c[>d1 too--! abbot c\ld make him ( use1 ev5 ?\gh ! k+ c\ld n4 ,!re 71 no d\bt1 9 ^? days1 ?\gh few] 9 numb] ?an n[1 m5 :o c\ld n face physical dang]1 & ! /orm ( ! evil _w1--delicate1 n]v\s1 imag9ative1 fem99e *>act]s2 :o1 :5 s5t out to battle1 w\ld be v likely to run away4 ,our =efa!rs1 hav+ no use = su* p]sons1 us$ to put su* into a bog- hole1 & lay a hurdle ov] !m1 9 ! belief t !y w\ld s9k to ! l[e/ pool ( ,hela = ev] m4 ,b ! abbot _h great use = su*4 ,!y c\ld le>n to read1 write1 s+1 ?9k2 !y 7 (t5 v clev]2 !y might make great s*ol>s2 at all ev5ts !y might make sa9ts4 ,:atev] !y c\ld n d1 !y c\ld pray4 ,& ! unit$ pray] ( ^? monks1 x 0 !n believ$1 c\ld take heav5 by /orm1 alt] ! c\rse ( ! elem5ts1 ov]come ,div9e ju/ice1 av]t f mank9d ! ang] ( an (f5d$ ,god4 ,:e!r t belief 7 "r or wrong1 p held x2 & ! man :o c\ld n fight ) c>nal weapons1 rega9$ 8 self-respect1 & !re=e 8 virtue1 :5 he f\nd himself fight+1 z he held1 ) spiritual weapons aga9/ all ! p[]s ( d>kness #bad4 ,! fir/ light 9 :i* ,i wi% y to look at ! old mona/]ies1 is z def5ces = ! weak aga9/ ! /rong4 ,b :at has ?is to d ) :at ,i said at fir/1 z to ! masses hav+ no hi/ory8 ,?is3--t ?r\gh ^! mona/]ies ! masses began fir/ to h a hi/ory2 because ?r\gh !m !y ceas$ to be masses1 & became fir/1 p]sons & m51 & !n1 gradually1 a p4 ,t la/ ! mona/]ies c\ld n make !m3 b !y educat$ !m = becom+ a p2 & 9 ?is way4 ,!y br\ght out1 9 ea* man1 ! s5se ( individual responsibility4 ,!y taught him1 :e!r w>rior or cripple1 pr9ce or begg>1 t he _h an immortal s\l1 = :i* ea* mu/ give l acc\nt to ,god4 ,d y n see ! effect ( t new ?\ght8 ,treat$ z slaves1 z ?+s & animals1 ! _m _h le>nt to consid] !mselves z ?+s & animals4 ,& s !y _h become 'a mass1' t is1 a m]e heap ( inorganic units1 ea* ( :i* has no spr+ ( life 9 itself z di/+ui%$ f a :ole1 a p1 :i* has "o bond1 unit+ ea* to all4 ,! 'masses' ( ! ,fr5* _h fall5 into t /ate1 be=e ! ,revolution ( #agic4 ,! 'masses' ( our agricultural lab\r]s1--! 'masses' ( our manufactur+ workm51 7 fa/ fall+ into t /ate 9 ! days ( our gr&fa!rs4 ,:e!r ! ,fr5* masses h ris5 out ( x1 rema9s to be se54 ,! ,engli% masses1 ?anks to ,almighty ,god1 h ris5 out ( x2 & by ! v same factor by :i* ! middle-age masses rose--by ,religion4 ,! great ,me?odi/ movem5t ( ! la/ c5tury did = our masses1 :at ! monks did = our =efa!rs 9 ! middle age4 ,wesley & ,:itfield1 & _m ano!r noble s\l1 said to ,nailsea colli]s1 ,corni% m9]s1 & all mann] ( drunk5 brutaliz$ fell[s1 liv+ l ! bea/s t p]i%1--',ea* ( y--?\--& ?\--& ?\--/& ap>t & alone be=e ,god4 ,ea* has an immortal s\l 9 him1 :i* w be happy or mis]able = ev]1 accord+ to ! de$s done 9 ! body4 ,a :ole et]nity ( %ame or ( glory lies 9 y--& y are liv+ l a bea/4' ,& 9 proportion z ea* man he>d t ^w1 & took x home to himself1 he became a new man1 & a true man4 ,! prea*]s may h mix$ up words ) _! message ) :i* we may disagree1 h appeal$ to l[ hopes & fe>s :i* we %\ld be a%am$ to br+ into our calculations2--s did ! monks3 b !y got _! "w done someh[2 & let u ?ank !m1 & ! old ,me?odi/s1 & any man :o w tell m51 9 :atev] clumsy & r\gh fa%ion1 t !y are n ?+s1 & pieces ( a mass1 b p]sons1 ) an ev]la/+ duty1 an ev]la/+ "r & wrong1 an ev]la/+ ,god 9 ^: pres5ce !y /&1 & :o w judge !m accord+ to _! works4 ,true1 t is n all t m5 ne$ to le>n4 ,aft] !y are taught1 ea* ap>t1 t he is a man1 !y mu/ be taught1 h[ to be an unit$ p3 b ! individual tea*+ mu/ come fir/2 & be=e we ha/ily blame ! individualiz+ t5d5cies ( ! old ,evangelical movem5t1 or t ( ! middle-age monks1 let u rememb]1 t if !y _h n laid ! f\ndation1 o!rs c\ld n build !reon4 ,besides1 !y built !mselves1 z well z !y c\ld1 on _! own f\ndation4 ,z soon z m5 beg9 to be really m51 ! desire ( corporate life spr+s up 9 !m4 ,!y mu/ unite2 !y mu/ organize !mselves4 ,if !y possess duties1 !y mu/ be duties to _! fell[- m52 if !y possess virtues & graces1 !y mu/ mix ) _! fell[- m5 9 ord] to ex]cise !m4 ,! solit>ies ( ! ,!baid f\nd t !y became selfi% wild bea/s1 or w5t mad1 if !y rema9$ alone2 & !y =m$ !mselves into lauras1 'lanes' ( huts1 conv5ts1 "u a common abbot or fa!r4 ,! evangelical conv]ts ( ! la/ c5tury =m$ !mselves into p[]ful & highly organiz$ sects4 ,! middle-age mona/]ies organiz$ !mselves into highly artificial communities r\nd "s sacr$ spot1 g5]ally "u ! suppos$ protection ( "s sa9t or m>tyr1 ^: bones lay !re4 ,ea* me?od 0 good1 ?\gh n ! highe/4 ,none ( !m rises to ! idea ( a p1 hav+ "o national life1 "u "o mon>*1 ! repres5tative to ea* & all ( t national life1 & ! disp5s] & executor ( its laws4 ,inde$1 ! artificial organization1 :e!r mona/ic or sect>ian1 may become s /rong z to int]f]e ) national life1 & make m5 =get _! real duty to _! k+ & c\ntry1 9 _! self-impos$ duty to ! sect or ord] to :i* !y belong4 ,! mona/ic organization inde$ _h to die1 9 _m c\ntries1 9 ord] t national life might develop itself2 & ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies m>ks ! bir? ( an unit$ & p[]ful ,engl&4 ,!y or ,brita9 mu/ h di$4 ,an imp]ium 9 imp]io--mu* m _m sep>ate imp]ia--0 an elem5t ( national weakness1 :i* might be all[$ 9 times ( peace & safety1 b n 9 times ( convulsion & ( dang]4 ,y may ask1 h[ev]1 h[ ^! mona/]ies became s p[]ful1 if !y 7 m]ely refuges = ! weak8 ,ev5 if !y 7 7& !y 77 ! homes ( an equal ju/ice & ord]1 m]cy & b5efic5ce1 :i* _h few or no /&+-places outside _! walls1 /ill1 h[1 if gov]n$ by weak m51 c\ld !y survive 9 ! great battle ( life8 ,! %eep w\ld h b a poor life ( x1 if !y set up hurdles aga9/ ! wolves1 & agre$ at all ev5ts n to eat ea* o!r4 ,! answ] is1 t ! mona/]ies 7 n altoge!r t5ant$ by incapables4 ,! same causes :i* br\ght ! l[-born into ! mona/]ies1 br\ght ! high-born1 _m ( ! v highe/4 ,! same cause :i* br\ght ! weak into ! mona/]ies1 br\ght ! /rong1 _m ( ! v /ronge/4 ,! middle-age records give u a long li/ ( k+s1 pr9ces1 nobles1 :o hav+ done 7z !y held7 _! "w 9 ! _w outside1 w5t into ^? conv5ts to try _! h&s at :at seem$ to !m 7& (t5 07 bett] "w ?an ! p]petual coil ( w>1 intrigue1 & ambition1 :i* 0 n ! crime1 b ! necess>y fate1 ( a rul] 9 ! middle ages4 ,tir$ ( "w1 & tir$ ( life2 tir$ too1 ( va9 luxury & va9 weal?1 !y fl$ to ! conv5t1 z to ! only place :]e a man c\ld get a little peace1 & ?9k ( ,god1 & 8 own s\l2 & recollect$1 z !y work$ ) _! own h&s by ! side ( ! l[e/-born ( _! subjects1 t !y _h a human fle% & blood1 a human immortal s\l1 l ^? :om !y _h rul$4 ,?ank ,god t ! great h o!r me?ods n[ ( le>n+ t great tru?2 t ! "w ( life1 if b well done1 w tea* x to !m3 b ^? 7 h>d times1 & wild times2 & fight+ m5 c\ld h>dly le>n1 save 9 ! conv5t1 t !re 0 a ,god above :o wat*$ ! wid[s' & ! orphans' te>s1 & :5 he made inquisition = blood1 =got n ! cause ( ! poor4 ,su* m5 & wom5 ( rank br\ght into ! conv5t1 mean:ile1 all ! pre/ige ( _! rank1 all _! sup]ior k ( ! _w2 & became ! patrons & protectors ( ! society2 :ile !y submitt$1 g5]ally ) peculi> humility & devotion1 to its mo/ sev]e & degrad+ rules4 ,_! high] s5sibilities1 in/ead ( mak+ !m %r9k f h>d%ip1 made !m /rong to endure self-sacrifices1 & (t5 self-tortures1 :i* seem to u all b incr$ible2 & ! lives1 or r liv+ dea?s1 ( ! noble & pr9cely p5it5ts ( ! e>ly middle age1 are among ! mo/ beautiful trag$ies ( humanity4 ,to ^! mona/]ies1 too1 came ! m5 ( ! v highe/ intellect1 ( :atsoev] class4 ,i say1 ( ! v highe/ intellect4 ,tol]ably tal5t$ m5 might f9d x wor? :ile to /ay 9 ! _w1 & use _! wits 9 /ruggl+ upw>d !re4 ,! mo/ tal5t$ ( all w\ld be ! v m5 to see a bett] 'c>ri]e ouv]te aux tal5s' ?an ! _w c\ld give2 to long = deep] & l(ti] m$itation ?an c\ld be f\nd 9 ! c\rt2 = a m div9e life1 a m bless$ dea?1 ?an c\ld be f\nd 9 ! camp & ! battle-field4 ,& s x befals1 t 9 ! e>ly middle age ! clev]e/ m5 7 g5]ally inside ! conv5t1 try+1 by moral influ5ce & sup]ior intellect1 to keep ^? outside f te>+ ea* o!r to pieces4 ,b ^! intellects c\ld n rema9 lock$ up 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,! daily r\t9e ( devotion1 ev5 ( sil5t /udy & contemplation1 0 n suffici5t = !m1 z x 0 = ! av]age monk4 ,!re 0 /ill a res]ve ( =ce 9 !m1 :i* mu/ be up & do+2 & :i*1 9 a man inspir$ by t ,_s :i* is ! ,_s ( love to man z well z to ,god1 mu/ ne$s exp& outw>ds 9 all directions1 to ,*ri/ianize1 to civilize1 to colonize4 ,to colonize4 ,:5 p talk loosely ( f\nd+ an abbey = sup]/iti\s uses1 !y _c surely be aw>e ( ! /ate ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* ^? abbeys 7 f\nd$2 ei!r primaeval =e/1 h>dly-till$ common1 or to be describ$ by t t]rible epi!t ( ,domesday-book1 'wa/a'--wa/$ by w>4 ,a k ( t fact w\ld lead !m to guess t !re 7 almo/ c]ta9ly uses = ! abbey :i* _h no?+ to d ) sup]/ition2 :i* 7 z ?or\ghly practical z ^? ( a company = dra9+ ! bog ( ,all51 or runn+ a railroad ?r\gh an ,am]ican =e/4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 ! case1 at lea/ = ! fir/ sev5 c5turies aft] ! fall ( ,rome2 & to ^! mission>y coloniz]s ,europe owes1 ,i v]ily believe1 among a hundr$ b5efits1 ?is :i* all ,engli%m5 w appreciate2 t ,roman agriculture n only reviv$ 9 ! c\ntries :i* 7 once ! ,empire1 b spread f !nce ea/w>d & nor?w>d1 into ! pr9cipal wild]ness ( ! ,teuton & ,sclavonic races4 ,i _c1 ,i ?9k1 %ew y bett] :at mann] ( m5 ^! monk-coloniz]s 71 & :at sort ( "w !y did1 ?an by giv+ y ! biography ( "o ( !m2 & out ( _m ,i h *os5 t ( ,/4 ,/urmi1 f\nd] :ilome ( ! great abbey ( ,fulda1 :i* lies on ! c5tral wat]%$ ( ,g]many1 ab\t equidi/ant1 to speak r\ghly1 f ,frank=t1 ,cassel1 ,go?a1 & ,coburg4 ,8 life is matt] ( hi/ory1 writt5 by "o ,eigils 7sa9t$ l himself71 :o 0 8 disciple & 8 fri5d4 ,naturally told x is1 & lov+ly2 b if ,i recollect "r1 )\t a s+le miracle or my?2 ! liv+ contemporane\s picture ( su* a man1 liv+ 9 su* a /ate ( society1 z we %all nev] 7& happily ne$ nev]7 see aga91 b :i* is = t v reason wor?y to be pres]v$1 = a tok5 t wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54 ,x /&s at l5g? 9 ,p]tz's admirable ',monum5ta ,hi/orica1' among _m ano!r l biography1 & if ,i tell x "h some:at at l5g?1 read]s mu/ =give me4 ,e "o has he>d ( little k+ ,pep91 & _m may h he>d also h[ he 0 a mighty man ( val\r1 & cut (f a lion's head at "o bl[2 & h[ he 0 a crafty /atesman1 & fir/ consolidat$ ! temporal p[] ( ! ,popes1 & help$ !m 9 t dete/able crime ( ov]?r[+ ! noble ,lomb>d k+dom1 :i* co/ ,italy c5turies ( slav]y & %ame1 & :i* has to be expiat$ ev5 yet1 x w\ld seem1 by "s fe>ful puni%m5t4 ,b e "o may n "k t ,pep9 _h great excuses--if n = help+ to de/roy ! ,lomb>ds--yet /ill = support+ ! p[] ( ! ,popes4 ,x seem$ to him--& p]haps x 0--! only practical me?od ( unit+ ! ,g]man tribes into "o common p1 & /opp+ ! int]nec9e w>s by :i* !y 7 te>+ !mselves to pieces4 ,x seem$ to him--& p]haps x 0--! only practical me?od = civiliz+ & ,*ri/ianiz+ ! /ill wild tribes1 ,frisians1 ,saxons1 & ,sclaves1 :o press$ ^u ! ,g]man m>*es1 f ! m\? ( ! ,elbe to ! v ,alps4 ,be t z x may1 he began ! "w2 & 8 son ,*>lemagne f9i%$ x2 some:at well1 & aga9 some:at ill--z mo/ "w1 alas6 is done on e>?4 ,n[ 9 ! days ( little k+ ,pep9 !re 0 a nobleman ( ,bav>ia1 & 8 wife1 :o _h a son call$ ,/urmi2 & !y br\ght him to ,/4 ,boniface1 t he might make him a prie/4 ,& ! *ild lov$ ,/4 ,boniface's noble ,engli% face1 & w5t ) him will+ly1 & 0 to him z a son4 ,& :o 0 ,/4 ,boniface8 ,t is a long /ory4 ,suffice x t he 0 a man ( ,devon1 br\ght up 9 a cloi/] at ,exet]2 & t he _h cross$ ov] into ,frank5l&1 ^u ! l[] ,rh9e1 & become a mission>y ( ! wide/ & l(tie/ aims2 n m]ely a prea*] & w9n] ( s\ls1 ?\gh t1 x is said1 9 p]fection2 b a civiliz]1 a coloniz]1 a /atesman4 ,he1 & _m ano!r noble ,engli%man & ,scot 7:e!r ,iri% or ,cal$onian7 7 work+ "u ! ,frank k+s to conv]t ! hea!ns ( ! m>*es1 & c>ry ! ,cross into ! f> ,ea/4 ,!y l$ lives ( pov]ty & dang]2 !y 7 m>tyr$1 half ( !m1 z ,/4 ,boniface 0 at la/4 ,b !y did _! "w2 & d\btless !y h _! rew>d4 ,!y did _! be/1 accord+ to _! light4 ,god grant t we1 to :om s mu* m light has be5 giv51 may d our be/ likewise4 ,"u ?is great g5ius 0 "y ,/urmi tra9$4 ,tra9$ 7z 0 p]haps ne$$ = ^? :o _h to d su* "w 9 su* a "t7 to h nei!r wife1 nor *ild1 nor home1 nor p5ny 9 8 purse2 b to d all t he 0 bid1 le>n all t he c\ld1 & "w = 8 liv+ ) 8 own h&s2 a life ( bitt] self-sacrifice4 ,su* a life is n ne$$ n[4 ,possibly1 nev]!less1 x 0 ne$$ !n4 ,s ,/4 ,boniface took ,/urmi ab\t ) him 9 8 travels1 & at la/ h&$ him ov] to ,wigb]t1 ! prie/1 to prep>e him = ! m9i/ry4 ',"u :om1' says 8 old *ronicl]1 '! boy began to "k ! ,psalms ?or\ghly by he>t2 to und]/& ! ,holy ,scriptures ( ,*ri/ ) spiritual s5se2 took c>e to le>n mo/ /udi\sly ! my/]ies ( ! f\r ,gospels1 & to bury 9 8 he>t1 by assidu\s read+1 ! treasures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,= 8 m$itation 0 9 ! ,law ( ! ,"l day & night2 pr(\nd 9 und]/&+1 %rewd ( ?\ght1 prud5t ( spee*1 fair ( face1 sob] ( c>riage1 hon\rable 9 morals1 spotless 9 life1 by sweetness1 humility1 & alacrity1 he drew to him ! love ( all4' ,he grew to be a man2 & 9 due "t he 0 orda9$ prie/1 'by ! w & cons5t ( all2' & he 'began to prea* ! words ( ,*ri/ e>ne/ly to ! p2' & 8 prea*+ wr\ght wond]s among !m4 ,?ree ye>s he prea*$ 9 8 ,rh9el& p>i%1 w9n+ love f all4 ,b 9 ! ?ird ye> 'a heav5ly ?\ght' came into 8 m9d t he w\ld turn h]mit & dwell 9 ! wild =e/4 ,& :y8 ,:o c tell8 ,he may1 likely en\gh1 h f\nd celibacy a fe>ful temptation = a "y & eloqu5t man1 & long$ to flee f ! sight ( t :i* mu/ n be 84 ,& t1 9 8 circum/ances1 0 n a fooli% wi%4 ,he may h wi%$ to escape1 if b once1 f ! noise & cr[d ( outw>d ?+s1 & be alone ) ,god & ,*ri/1 & 8 own s\l4 ,& t 0 n a fooli% wi%4 ,john ,bunyan s long$1 & f\nd :at he want$ 9 ,b$=d ,jail1 & set x d[n & pr9t$ x 9 a ,pilgrim's ,progress1 :i* w live z long z man is man4 ,george ,fox long$ = x1 & made himself clo!s ( lea!r :i* w\ld n we> out1 & liv$ 9 a holl[ tree1 till he1 too1 set d[n ! fruit ( 8 solitude 9 a di>y :i* w live likewise z long z man is man4 ,p]haps1 aga91 "y ,/urmi long$ to try = once 9 a way :at he 0 wor? ^u ,god's e>?2 h[ mu* he c\ld endure2 :at p[] he _h ( help+ himself1 :at c\rage to live by 8 own wits1 & ,god's m]cy1 on roots & fruits1 z wild ?+s live4 ,& surely t 0 n altoge!r a fooli% wi%4 ,at lea/1 he long$ to be a h]mit2 b he kept 8 long+ to himself1 h[ev]1 till ,/4 ,boniface1 8 bi%op1 appe>$2 & !n he told him all 8 he>t4 ,& ,/4 ,boniface said3 ',g2 9 ! "n ( ,god2' & gave him two comrades1 & s5t him into '! wild]ness :i* is call$ ,bu*onia1 ! ,bee* ,=e/1 to f9d a place fit = ! s]vants ( ! ,"l to dwell 94 ,= ! ,"l is able to provide 8 p a home 9 ! des]t4' ,s ^? ?ree w5t into ! wild =e/4 ,& '= ?ree days !y saw n\ght b e>? & sky & mighty trees4 ,& !y w5t on1 pray+ ,*ri/ t ,he w\ld guide _! feet into ! way ( peace4 ,& on ! ?ird day !y came to ! place :i* is call$ ,h]sfelt 7! h>t's d[n871 & se>*$ x r\nd1 & pray$ t ,*ri/ w\ld bless ! place = !m to dwell 92 & !n !y built !mselves little huts ( bee*-b>k1 & abode !re _m days1 s]v+ ,god ) holy fa/+s1 & wat*+s1 & pray]s4' ,is x n a /range /ory8 s utt]ly unlike any?+ :i* we see n[2--s utt]ly unlike any?+ :i* we ought to see n[8 ,& yet x may h be5 good 9 its "t4 ,x looks out on u f ! dim ages1 l ! fossil bone ( "s old mon/] cropp+ out ( a qu>ry4 ,b ! old mon/] 0 good 9 8 place & "t4 ,god made him & _h ne$ ( him4 ,x may be t ,god made ^? ?ree poor monks1 & _h ne$ ( !m likewise4 ,z = _! purposes be+ sup]/iti\s1 we %all be bett] able to judge ( t :5 we h se5 :at !y 7--:at sort ( a h\se !y meant to build to ,god4 ,z = _! hav+ self-int]e/ 9 view1 no d\bt !y ?\ght t !y %\ld b5efit _! own s\ls 9 ?is life1 & 9 ! life to come4 ,b "o w\ld h>dly blame !m = t1 surely8 ,"o w\ld n blame !m z selfi% & sordid if !y _h gone out on a comm]cial speculation8 ,:y1 !n1 if on a religi\s "o8 ,! m]*ant adv5tur] is (t5 a noble type ( man1 & "o to :om ! _w owes mu*1 ?\gh 8 h&s are n always clean1 nor 8 eye s+le4 ,! monk adv5tur] ( ! middle age is1 p]haps1 a /ill nobl] type ( man1 & "o to :om ! _w owes m1 ?\gh 8 eye1 too1 0 n always s+le1 nor 8 h&s clean4 ,z = selfi%ness1 "o mu/ really be> 9 m9d t m5 :o walk$ away into t doleful 'urw>ld' _h ne$ to pray v lit]ally 't ,*ri/ w\ld guide _! feet into ! way ( peace2' & mu/ h c>$ z mu* = _! wordly int]e/s z ^? :o m>* up to ! cannon's m\?4 ,_! lives 9 t =e/ 7 n wor? tw5ty-f\r h\rs' pur*ase1 & !y knew x4 ,x is an ugly ?+ = an un>m$ man1 )\t a compass1 to trav]se ! bu% ( ,au/ralia or ,new ,zeal&1 :]e !re are no wild bea/s4 ,b x 0 ugli] /ill to />t out "u ! d>k ro( ( t primaeval wood4 ,knights1 :5 !y rode x1 w5t arm$ cap-a-pie1 l ,s9tram ?r\gh ! d>k valley1 tru/+ 9 ,god & _! good sword4 ,*apm5 & m]*ants /ole ?r\gh x by a few tracks 9 great companies1 arm$ ) bill & b[4 ,peasants v5tur$ into x a few miles1 to cut timb]1 & f9d pannage = _! sw9e1 & :isp]$ wild leg5ds ( ! ugly ?+s !re9--& sometimes1 too1 nev] came home4 ,away x /ret*$ f ! fair ,rh9el&1 wave aft] wave ( oak & ald]1 bee* & p9e1 ,god alone knew h[ f>1 into ! l& ( night & wond]1 & ! inf9ite unkn[n2 full ( elk & bison1 be> & wolf1 lynx & glutton1 & p]haps ( worse bea/s /ill4 ,worse bea/s1 c]ta9ly1 ,/urmi & 8 comrades w\ld h met1 if !y _h met !m 9 human =m4 ,= !re 7 waifs & /rays ( b>b>ism !re1 ugli] f> ?an any waif & /ray ( civilization1 bord] ruffian ( ! f> we/1 buccane] ( ! ,tropic keys1 ,cim>oon ( ! ,panama =e/s2 m5 v]bie/]te1 turn$ into ! lik5ess ( bea/s1 wildfang]1 hun]1 ogres1 wehr-wolves1 /rong ?ieves & outlaws1 _m ( !m possibly m]e brutal maniacs2 nak$1 liv+ 9 caves & cov]ts1 kn[+ no law b _! own hung]1 rage1 & lu/2 fe$+ (t5 on human fle%2 & woe to ! woman or *ild or un>m$ man :o fell into _! ru?less clut*4 ,orson1 & su* l human brutes ( ! wild]ness1 s]ve n[ to amuse *ildr5 9 fairy tales2 !y 7 !n ugly facts ( fle% & blood4 ,!re 7 hea!ns !re1 too1 9 small colonies3 hea!n ,saxons1 cruele/ ( all ! tribes2 :o wor%ipp$ at ! ,irm5sul1 & _h an old blood-feud aga9/ ! ,franks2 hea!n ,?ur+]1 :o _h murd]$ ,/4 ,kilian ! ,iri%man at ,wurzburg2 hea!n ,slaves1 ( diff]5t tribes1 :o _h introduc$ into ,europe ! cu/om ( impal+ _! captives3 & woe to ! ,*ri/ian prie/ :o fell into any ( _! h&s4 ,to be knock$ on ! head be=e "s ugly idol 0 ! g5tle/ dea? :i* !y 7 l to h4 ,!y w\ld h call$ t m>tyrdom1 & ! gate ( et]nal bliss2 b !y 7 none ! less brave m5 = go+ out to face x4 ,& beside all ^!1 & worse ?an all ^!1 !re 7 ! t]rors ( ! unse5 _w2 v real 9 ^? poor monks' eyes1 ?\gh n 9 ours4 ,!re 7 ,nixes 9 ! /reams1 & ,kobolds 9 ! caves1 & ,tannhaus] 9 ! d>k p9e-glades1 :o hat$ ! ,*ri/ian man1 & w\ld lure him to 8 dea?4 ,!re 7 fair swan-maid5s & elf-maid5s2 nay1 dame ,v5us h]self1 & ,h]odias ! danc]1 ) all _! r\t ( revell]s2 :o w\ld tempt him to s91 & hav+ made him sell 8 s\l1 de/roy bo? body & s\l 9 hell4 ,!re 0 ,satan & all ! devils1 too1 plott+ to /op ! ,*ri/ian man f build+ ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 & prea*+ ! gospel to ! hea!n2 ready to call up /orms1 & floods1 & =e/ fires2 to hurl ! crag d[n f ! cliffs1 or drop ! rott+ tree on _! def5celess heads--all real & t]rible 9 ^? poor monks' eyes1 z !y walk$ on1 s++ _! psalms1 & read+ _! ,gospels1 & pray+ to ,god to save !m1 = !y c\ld n save !mselves2 & to guide !m1 = !y knew n1 l ,abraham1 :i!r !y w5t2 & to %[ !m ! place :]e !y %\ld build ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 & prea* righte\sness1 peace1 & joy 9 ! ,holy ,_s to ! hea!n r\nd4 ,we talk /ill1 ?ank heav51 ( h]oes1 & und]/& :at t great ^w %\ld mean4 ,b 7 n ^! poor monks h]oes8 ,knights-errant ( ,god1 do+ 8 "w z !y be/ knew h[4 ,we h a pur] gospel ?an !y3 we und]/& our ,bibles bett]4 ,b if !y _h n done :at !y did1 :]e w\ld h be5 n[ our gospel1 & our ,bible8 ,we _c tell4 ,x 0 a wise old saw ( our =efa!rs--',d n speak ill ( ! bridge :i* c>ries y ov]4' ,if ,/urmi _h _h a 'holy long+' to get into ! wild wood1 n[ he _h a 'holy long+' to g back2 & to f9d ,/4 ,boniface1 & tell him :at a pleasant place ,h]sfelt 01 & ! quality ( ! soil1 & ! direction ( ! wat]%$1 & ! mead[s1 & spr+s1 & s =?1 9 a v practical way4 ,& ,/4 ,boniface answ]$1 t ! place seem$ good en\gh2 b t he 0 afraid = !m1 on acc\nt ( ! savage hea!n ,saxons4 ,!y mu/ g deep] into ! =e/1 & !n !y w\ld be safe4 ,s he w5t back to 8 fell[-h]mits1 & !y made to !mselves a canoe2 & w5t paddl+ up & d[n ! ,fulda /ream1 b5ea? ! ald] b\ghs1 'try+ ! m\?s ( ! m\nta9-/reams1 & l&+ to survey ! hills & ridges1'--pione]s ( civilization none ! less because !y pione]$ 9 ! "n ( ,him :o made e>? & heav53 b !y f\nd no?+ :i* !y ?\ght w\ld suit ! bless$ ,/4 ,boniface1 save t !y /ay$ a little at ! place :i* is call$ ,ruoh5-bah1 '! r\gh brook1' to see if x w\ld suit2 b x w\ld n4 ,s !y w5t back to _! bir* huts to fa/ & pray once m4 ,/4 ,boniface s5t = ,/urmi aft] a:ile1 probably to ,ma9tz1 to ask ( 8 success2 & ,/urmi ?rew himself on 8 face be=e him2 & ,boniface rais$ him up1 & kiss$ him1 & made him sit by 8 side--:i* 0 a mighty hon\r2 = ,/4 ,boniface1 ! p5niless monk1 0 at t mom5t "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful m5 ( ,europe2 & he gave ,/urmi a good d9n]1 ( :i*1 no d\bt1 he /ood 9 ne$2 & bade him keep up he>t1 & seek aga9 = ! place :i* ,god _h surely prep>$1 & w\ld reveal 9 ,8 good "t4 ,& ?is "t ,/urmi1 probably wis] f exp]i5ce1 det]m9$ to g alone2 b n on foot4 ,s he took to him a tru/y ass1 & z mu* food z he c\ld pack on x2 &1 axe 9 h&1 rode away into ! wild wood1 s++ 8 psalms4 ,& e night1 be=e he lay d[n to sleep1 he cut b\ghs1 & /uck !m up = a r+ f5ce r\nd him & ! ass1 to ! discomfiture ( ! wolves1 :i* _h1 & h /ill1 a great hank]+ aft] asses' fle%4 ,x is a qua9t picture1 no d\bt2 b let u respect x1 :ile we smile at x2 if we1 too1 be brave m54 ,!n "o day he fell into a great p]il4 ,he came to ! old road 7a ,roman "o1 ,i presume2 = ! ,teutons1 :e!r 9 ,engl& or else:]e1 nev] dream$ ( mak+ roads till ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 b us$ ! old ,roman ones71 :i* l$ out ( ! ,?ur+5 l& to ,ma9tz4 ,& at ! =d ov] ! ,fulda he met a great multitude ba?+1 ( ,sclavonian hea!ns1 go+ to ! fair at ,ma9tz4 ,& !y smelt s /rong1 ! f\l miscreants1 t ,/urmi's donkey back$1 & refus$ to face !m2 & ,/urmi himself 0 mu* ( ! donkey's m9d1 = !y began to mock him 7possibly he ne>ly w5t ov] ! donkey's head71 & w5t ab\t to hurt him4 ',b1' says ! *ronicl]1 '! p[] ( ! ,"l held !m back4' ,!n he w5t on1 "r ?ankful at hav+ escap$ ) 8 life1 up & d[n1 r\nd & r\nd1 explor+ & survey+--= :at purpose we %all see h]eaft]4 ,& at la/ he lo/ himself 9 ! place :i* is call$ ,aih5-loh1 '! glade ( oaks2' & at night-fall he he>d ! pla% ( wat]1 & knew n :e!r man or wild bea/ made x4 ,& n d>+ to call out1 he tapp$ a tree-trunk ) 8 axe 7"s backwoodsman's sign ( ^? days1 we may presume71 & he 0 answ]$4 ,& a =e/] came to him1 lead+ 8 "l's horse2 a man f ! ,wett]au1 :o knew ! woods f> & wide1 & told him all t he want$ to "k4 ,& !y slept side by side t night2 & 9 ! morn+ !y ble/ ea* o!r1 & ea* w5t 8 way4 ,yes1 !re 7 n m]ely k+s & w>s1 popes & c\ncils1 9 ^? old days2--!re 7 real human be+s1 j su* z we might meet by ! wayside any h\r1 ) human he>ts & hi/ories )9 !m4 ,& we w be ?ankful if b "o ( !m1 n[ & !n1 />ts up out ( ! d>kness ( twelve hundr$ ye>s1 l t good =e/]1 & looks at u ) human eyes1 & goes 8 way aga91 bless+1 & n unble/4 ,& n[ ,/urmi knew all t he ne$$ to "k2 & aft] a:ile1 foll[+ ! c\nsel ( ! =e/]1 he came to '! bless$ place1 long ago prep>$ ( ! ,"l4 ,& :5 he saw x1 he 0 fill$ ) imm5se joy1 & w5t on exult+2 = he felt t by ! m]its & pray]s ( ! holy ,bi%op ,boniface t place _h be5 reveal$ to him4 ,& he w5t ab\t x1 & ab\t x1 half ! day2 & ! m he look$ on x ! m he gave ,god ?anks2' & ^? :o "k ,fulda say1 t ,/urmi _h reason to give ,god ?anks1 & mu/ h _h a ke5 eye1 moreov]1 = t :i* man ne$s = weal? & prosp]ity1 9 soil & wat]1 mead[ & wood4 ,s he bless$ ! place1 & sign$ x ) ! sign ( ! ,cross 79 tok5 t x belong$ !nce=? nei!r to devils nor fairies1 b to 8 rightful ,"l & ,mak]71 & w5t back to 8 cell1 & !nce a we>y j\rney to ,/4 ,boniface1 to tell him ( ! fair place :i* he _h f\nd at la/4 ,& ,/4 ,boniface w5t 8 we>y way1 ei!r to ,p>is or to ,aix1 to ,pep9 & ,c>loman1 k+s ( ! ,franks2 & begg$ ( !m a grant ( ! ,aih5-loh1 & all ! l& = f\r miles r\nd1 & _h x4 ,& ! nobles ab\t gave up to him _! rights ( v5ison1 & v]t1 & pa/ure1 & pannage ( sw9e2 & ,/urmi & sev5 bre?r5 set out ?i!r1 '9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #gdd1 9 ! fir/ mon? 7,april1 presumably71 9 ! twelf? day ( ! mon?1 unto ! place prep>$ ( ! ,"l1' t !y might d :at8 ,t !y might build an abbey4 ,yes2 b ! "q is1 :at build+ an abbey meant1 n ?ree hundr$1 nor five hundr$1 b elev5 hundr$ ye>s ago--= c5turies are long matt]s1 & m5 & _! works *ange 9 !m4 ,& !n x meant ?is3 ,cle>+ ! back woods = a ,*ri/ian settlem5t2 an indu/rial colony1 9 :i* e man 0 expect$ to sp5d 8 life 9 do+ good--all & e good :i* he c\ld = 8 fell[-m54 ,:atev] tal5t he _h he ?rew into ! common /ock2 & work$1 z he 0 f\nd fit to "w1 at f>m+1 g>d5+1 c>p5t]+1 writ+1 doctor+1 tea*+ 9 ! s*ools1 or prea*+ to ! hea!n r\nd4 ,9 _! common *ur* !y met to wor%ip ,god2 b also to ask = grace & /r5g? to d _! "w1 z ,*ri/ianiz]s & civiliz]s ( mank9d4 ,:at ,*ri/ianity & civilization !y knew 7& !y knew m ?an we are apt n[ to believe7 !y taught x freely2 & !re=e !y 7 lov$1 & look$ up to z sup]ior be+s1 z mod]n mission>ies1 :]ev] !y d _! "w ev5 dec5tly well1 are look$ up to n[4 ,s because ! "w c\ld be done 9 t way1 & 7z f> z m5 !n1 or n[1 c see7 9 no o!r way1 ,pep9 & ,c>loman gave ,boniface ! glade ( oaks1 t !y might cle> ! virg9 =e/1 & ext5d cultivation1 & w9 fre% s\ls to ,*ri/1 in/ead ( fight+1 l ! k+s ( ?is _w1 = ! l& :i* 0 already cle>$1 & ! p :o 7 already ,*ri/ian4 ,9 two mon?s' "t !y _h cut d[n mu* ( ! =e/2 & !n came ,/4 ,boniface himself to see !m1 & ) him a great company ( workm51 & *ose a place = a *ur*4 ,& ,/4 ,boniface w5t up to ! hill :i* is yet call$ ,bi%op's ,m\nt1 t he might read 8 ,bible 9 peace1 away f k+s & c\rts1 & ! noise ( ! wick$ _w2 & 8 workm5 fell$ trees innum]able1 & dug peat to burn lime )al2 & !n all w5t back aga91 & left ! settl]s to ?rive & "w4 ,& ?rive & "w !y did1 cle>+ m l&1 build+ _! *ur*1 pl\gh+ up _! f>m1 draw+ to !m m & m hea!n conv]ts1 m & m hea!n s*ool-*ildr52 & ,/4 ,boniface came to see !m f "t to "t1 :5ev] he c\ld get a holiday1 & sp5t happy days 9 pray] & /udy1 ) 8 pupil & fri5d4 ,& t5 ye>s aft]1 :5 ,/4 ,boniface 0 m>tyr$ at la/ by ! ,friesl& hea!ns1 & di$1 z he _h liv$1 l an apo/le ( ,god1 !n all ! folk ( ,ma9tz want$ to br+ 8 corpse home to _! t[n1 because he _h be5 ,ar*bi%op !re4 ,b he 'appe>$ 9 a dream to a c]ta9 deacon1 & said3 ,:y delay ye to take me home to ,fulda1 to my re/ 9 ! wild]ness :i* ,god ba? prep>$ = me8' ,s ,/4 ,boniface sleeps at ,fulda1--unless ! ,fr5* ,republican armies dug up 8 bones1 & scatt]$ !m1 z !y scatt]$ holi] ?+s1 to ! w9ds ( heav54 ,& all m5 came to wor%ip at 8 tomb1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ^? days4 ,& ,fulda became a noble abbey1 ) its dom-*ur*1 libr>y1 s*ools1 work%ops1 f>m/eads1 alm%\ses1 & all ! appanages ( su* a place1 9 ! days :5 monks 7 monks inde$4 ,& ,/urmi became a great man1 & w5t ?r\gh _m tr\bles & sl&]s1 & conqu]$ 9 !m all1 because !re 0 no fault f\nd 9 him1 z 9 ,daniel ( old2 & di$ 9 a good old age1 bewept by ?\s&s1 :o1 b = him1 w\ld h be5 hea!ns /ill4 ,& ! ,aih5-loh became ri* corn-l& & g>d51 & ,fulda an abbey bor\gh & a pr9cipality1 :]e m5 liv$ 9 peace "u mild rule1 :ile ! feudal pr9ces qu>rell$ & f\ght outside2 & a great lit]>y c5tre1 ^: old records are n[ preci\s to ! digg]s among ! bones ( bygone times2 & at la/ ,/4 ,/urmi & ! ,aih5-lob _h s develop$ !mselves1 t ! late/ record ( ! ,abbots ( ,fulda :i* ,i h se5 is ?is1 be>+ date ab\t #agaj3-- ',! arms ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,"l & ,pr9ce1 ,abbot ( ,fulda1 ,ar**ancellor ( ! mo/ ,s]5e ,empress1 ,primate ( all ,g]many & ,gaul1 & ,pr9ce ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4' ,develop$1 c]ta9ly3 & n altoge!r 9 ! "r direction4 ,= in/ead ( ! small be]1 :i* !y _h promis$ ,/4 ,boniface to dr9k to ! end ( ! _w1 ! abbots ( ,fulda _h ! be/ w9e 9 ,g]many1 & ! be/ table too4 ,be t z x may1 to h cle>$ ! timb] (f ! ,aih5-lob1 & plant$ a ,*ri/ian colony in/ead1 0 en\gh to make ,/4 ,/urmi hope t he _h n read 8 ,bible altoge!r 9 va94 ,surely su* m5 z ,/4 ,/urmi 7 *ildr5 ( wisdom1 put :at s5se on ! ^w y w4 ,9 a d>k1 confus$1 lawless1 cut-?roat age1 :ile ev]y?+ 0 decid$ by ! sword1 !y f\nd t !y c\ld d no good to !mselves1 or any man1 by ?r[+ _! swords into ei!r scale4 ,!y w\ld be m5 ( peace1 & see :at c\ld be done s4 ,0 t n wise8 ,s !y set to "w4 ,!y fe>$ ,god exce$+ly1 & walk$ ) ,god4 ,0 n t wise8 ,!y wr\ght righte\sness1 & 7 m]ciful & k9d1 :ile k+s & nobles 7 murd]+ ar\nd !m2 pure & temp]ate1 :ile o!r m5 7 lu/ful & drunk52 j & equal 9 all _! ways1 :ile o!r m5 7 unju/ & caprici\s2 s]v+ ,god fai?fully1 accord+ to _! light1 :ile ! p r\nd !m 7 half or :olly hea!n2 cont5t to d _! "w well on e>?1 & look = _! rew>d 9 heav51 :ile ! k+s & nobles1 ! hold]s ( ! l&1 7 full ( insane ambition1 e man try+ to seize a scrap ( gr\nd f 8 neighb\r1 z if t w\ld make !m happi]4 ,0 t n wise8 ,:i* 0 ! wis]1 ! *ief kill+ human be+s1 to take f !m "s few squ>e miles :i* m5 _h br\ght into cultivation already1 or ! monk1 leav+ ! cultivat$ l&1 & go+ out into ! backwoods to cle> ! =e/1 & till ! virg9 soil8 ,:i* 0 ! *ild ( wisdom1 ,i ask aga98 ,& d n tell me t ! old monk work$ only = fanatical & sup]/iti\s ends4 ,x is n s4 ,i "k well 8 fanaticism & 8 sup]/ition1 & ! dep?s ( its ignorance & sill9ess3 b he _h m 9 him ?an t4 ,_h he n1 he w\ld h work$ no la/+ "w4 ,he 0 n only ! pione] ( civilization1 b he knew t he 0 su*4 ,he believ$ t all k came f ,god1 ev5 t :i* taught a man to cle> ! =e/1 & plant corn in/ead2 & he det]m9$ to spread su* k z he _h :]ev] he c\ld4 ,he 0 a wis] man ?an ! hea!n ,saxons1 ev5 ?an ! ,*ri/ian ,franks1 ar\nd him2 a bett] s*ol>1 a bett] ?9k]1 bett] h&icraftsman1 bett] f>m]2 & he did n keep 8 k to himself4 ,he did n1 z "s tell y1 keep ! ,bible to himself4 ,x is n s2 & ^? :o say s1 9 ?is g5]ation1 ought to be a%am$ ( !mselves4 ,! monk knew 8 ,bible well himself1 & he taught x4 ,^? :o le>nt f him to read1 le>nt to read _! ,bibles4 ,^? :o did n le>n 7( c\rse ! va/ majority1 9 days :5 !re 0 no pr9t+71 he taught by s]mons1 by pictures1 aft]w>d by my/]y & miracle plays4 ,! ,bible 0 n =bidd5 to ! laity till c5turies aft]w>ds--& =bidd5 !n1 :y8 ,because ! laity ?r\gh\t ,europe knew too mu* ab\t ! ,bible1 & n too little4 ,because ! e>ly monks _h s +ra9$ ! m9d ( ! masses1 ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 ) ,bible /ories1 ,bible p]sonages1 ! great facts1 & ! great doctr9es1 ( our ,"l's life1 t ! masses knew too mu*2 t !y c\ld contra/ too easily1 & too freely1 ! fall5 & pr(ligate monks ( ! #ae? & #af? c5turies1 ) ^? ,bible examples1 :i* ! old monks ( c5turies be=e _h taught _! =efa!rs4 ,!n ! cl]gy tri$ to keep f ! laity1 because x te/ifi$ aga9/ !mselves1 ! v book :i* c5turies be=e !y _h taught !m to love & "k too well4 ,9 a ^w1 ! old monk mission>y taught all he knew to all :o w\ld le>n1 j z our be/ mod]n mission>ies d2 & 0 lov$1 & obey$1 & look$ on z a sup]ior be+1 z !y are4 ,( c\rse he did n "k h[ f> civilization w\ld ext5d4 ,he c\ld n =etell railroads & electric telegraphs1 any m ?an he c\ld political economy1 or sanit>y sci5ce4 ,b ! be/ t he knew1 he taught--& did also1 work+ ) 8 own h&s4 ,he 0 fai?ful 9 a few ?+s1 & ,god made him rul] ov] _m ?+s4 ,= out ( ^? mona/]ies sprang--:at did n spr+8 ,!y re/or$ aga9 & aga9 s\nd law & j gov]nm5t1 :5 ! good old ,teutonic laws1 & ! ,roman law also1 0 trampl$ und]foot amid ! lawless /rife ( ambition & fury4 ,"u _! %ad[ sprang up ! t[ns ) _! corporate rights1 _! middle classes1 _! artizan classes4 ,!y 7 ! physicians1 ! alms-giv]s1 ! reliev+ (fic]s1 ! s*oolma/]s ( ! middle-age _w4 ,!y fir/ taught u ! great pr9ciple ( ! division ( lab\r1 to :i* we owe1 at ?is mom5t1 t ,engl& is :at %e is1 in/ead ( be+ cov]$ ) a horde ( peasants1 ea* mak+ & produc+ ev]y?+ = himself1 & />v+ ea* ^u 8 rood ( gr\nd4 ,!y transcrib$ or compos$ all ! books ( ! !n _w2 _m ( !m sp5t _! lives 9 do+ no?+ b writ+2 & ! numb] ( books1 ev5 ( ^? to be f\nd 9 s+le mona/]ies1 consid]+ ! t$i\s lab\r ( copy+1 is altoge!r a/oni%+4 ,!y pres]v$ to u ! treasures ( classical antiquity4 ,!y discov]$ = u ! g]ms ( all our mod]n inv5tions4 ,!y br\ght 9 f abroad arts & new k2 & :ile !y taught m5 to "k t !y _h a common humanity1 a common ,fa!r 9 heav5 taught !m also to pr(it by ea* o!r's wisdom in/ead ( rema9+ 9 isolat$ ignorance4 ,!y1 too1 7 ! great witnesses aga9/ feudal ca/e4 ,) !m 0 nei!r high-born nor l[-born1 ri* nor poor3 wor? 0 _! only te/2 ! meane/ s]f ent]+ !re might become ! "l ( knights & vassals1 ! c\nsellor ( k+s & pr9ces4 ,m5 may talk ( democracy--^? old mona/]ies 7 ! mo/ democratic in/itutions ! _w _h ev] till !n se54 ',a man's a man = a' t1' 0 n only talk$ ( 9 !m1 b c>ri$ out 9 practice--only n 9 an>*y1 & z a cloak = lic5ti\sness3 b "u ^? safegu>ds ( /rict discipl9e1 & almo/ milit>y ord]1 )\t :i* m5 may call !mselves free1 & yet be really only slaves to _! own passions4 ,yes1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 9 ^? mona/]ies 0 pres]v$ ! sacr$ fire ( mod]n lib]ty1 ?r\gh ^? feudal c5turies :5 all ! outside _w 0 do+ its be/ to trample x out4 ,rememb]1 z a s+le in/ance1 t 9 ! ,abbot's lodg+ at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ! ,magna ,*>ta 0 drawn out1 be=e be+ pres5t$ to ,john at ,runym$e4 ,i "k :at !y became aft]w>ds1 bett] ?an mo/ d "h2 too well to defile my lips1 or y\r e>s1 ) tales too true4 ,!y _h done _! "w1 & !y w5t4 ,l all ?+s born 9 "t1 !y di$2 & decay$ 9 "t2 & ! old ord] *ang$1 giv+ place to ! new2 & ,god fulfill$ himself 9 _m ways4 ,b 9 !m1 too1 he fulfill$ himself4 ,!y 7 ! be/ ?+s ! _w _h se52 ! only me?od ( ,*ri/ianiz+ & civiliz+ semi-b>b>\s ,europe4 ,l all human plans & conceptions1 !y conta9$ 9 !mselves orig9al s92 idolatry1 celibacy1 inhuman fanaticism2 ^! 7 _! ?ree roots ( bitt]ness2 & :5 !y bore ! natural fruit ( immorality1 ! mona/]ies fell ) a great & j de/ruction4 ,b _h n ^? mona/]ies be5 good at fir/1 & noble at fir/2 _h n ! m5 9 !m be5 bett] & m useful m5 ?an ! m5 outside1 d y ?9k !y w\ld h endur$ = c5turies8 ,!y w\ld n ev5 h e/abli%$ !mselves at all4 ,!y w\ld soon1 9 ^? /ormy times1 h be5 swept (f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,ill us$ !y (t5 71 plund]$ & burnt d[n4 ,b m5 f\nd t !y 7 good4 ,_! own plund]]s f\nd t !y c\ld n d )\t !m2 & rep5t$1 & humbl$ !mselves1 & built !m up aga91 to be c5tres ( ju/ice & m]cy & peace1 amid ! wild welt]+ sea ( w> & mis]y4 ,= all ?+s endure1 ev5 = a g5]ation1 only by virtue ( ! good :i* is 9 !m4 ,by ! ,_s ( ,god 9 !m !y live1 z d all creat$ ?+s2 & :5 he take? away _! brea? !y die1 & return aga9 to _! du/4 ,& :at 0 ! orig9al s9 ( !m8 ,we c h>dly say t x 0 _! sup]/iti\s & p>tially false cre$3 because t !y held 9 common ) all ,europe4 ,x 0 r t !y _h id5tifi$ !mselves )1 & tri$ to realize on e>?1 "o ( ! wor/ falsehoods ( t cre$--celibacy4 ,n be+ f\nd$ on ! true & only gr\nd ( all society1 family life1 !y 7 m]ely artificial & self-will$ arrangem5ts ( man's inv5tion1 :i* c\ld n develop to any high] =m4 ,& :5 ! sanctity ( m>riage 0 rev9dicat$ at ! ,re=mation1 ! mona/]ies1 hav+ id5tifi$ !mselves ) celibacy1 naturally fell4 ,!y c\ld n p>take 9 ! ,re=mation movem5t1 & rise ) x into "s high] =m ( life1 z ! laity outside did4 ,i say1 !y 7 altoge!r artificial ?+s4 ,! ,abbot might be call$ ! ,abba1 ,fa!r1 ( 8 monks3 b he 0 n _! fa!r--j z :5 "y ladies n[ play at be+ nuns1 !y call _! sup]ior1 ,"m3 b all ! call+ 9 ! _w w n make t sacr$ "n a fact & a reality1 z !y too (t5 f9d out4 ,& celibacy br\ght s]i\s evils f ! fir/4 ,x induc$ an excit$1 hy/]ical tone ( m9d1 :i* is mo/ rem>kable 9 ! be/ m52 viol5t1 qu]ul\s1 suspici\s1 irritable1 cr$ul\s1 vision>y2 at be/ m womanly ?an manly2 alt]nately 9 te>s & 9 raptures4 ,y nev] get 9 _! writ+s any?+ ( t manly calmness1 :i* we s des]v$ly hon\r1 & at :i* we all aim = ourselves4 ,!y are bomba/ic2 excit$2 p]petually mi/ak+ virul5ce = /r5g?1 putt+ u 9 m9d = ev] ( ! allocutions ( ! ,popes4 ,read ! writ+s ( "o ( ! be/ ( monks1 & ( m51 :o ev] liv$1 ! great ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & y w be pa9fully /ruck by ?is hy/]ical elem5t4 ,! fact is1 t _! rule ( life1 f ! e>lie/ to ! late/1--f t ( ,/4 ,b5$ict ( ,cas9o1 'fa!r ( all monks1' to t ( ,loyola ! ,jesuit1 0 pit*$ n too l[1 b too high4 ,x 0 an ideal :i*1 = good or = evil1 c\ld only be c>ri$ out by new conv]ts1 by p 9 a /ate ( high religi\s excitem5t1 & !re=e ! hi/ory ( ! mona/ic ord]s is j t ( ! prote/ant sects4 ,we he> ( cont9ual fall+s (f f _! fir/ purity2 ( cont9ual excitem5ts1 revivals1 & />t+s ( new ord]s1 :i* hop$ to realize ! p]fection :i* ! old ord]s c\ld n4 ,y mu/ be> ?is 9 m9d1 z y read m$iaeval hi/ory4 ,y w be puzzl$ to "k :y cont9ual new rules & new ord]s sprung up4 ,!y 7 s _m revivals1 s _m puri/ attempts at new sects4 ,y w see ?is v cle>ly 9 ! ?ree great revivals :i* ex]cis$ su* enorm\s influ5ce on ! hi/ory ( ! #ac?1 ! #af? & ! #ag? c5turies1--,i mean ! rise fir/ ( ! ,franciscans & ,dom9icans1 next ( ! ,jesuits1 & la/ly ( ! ,port ,royali/s4 ,!y ea* pr(ess$ to re/ore mona*ism to :at x _h be5 at fir/2 to realize ! unnatural & impossible ideal4 ,ano!r s]i\s fault ( ^! mona/]ies may be trac$ to _! artificial celibate sy/em4 ,i mean _! av>ice4 ,only "o g5]ation aft] ,/4 ,/urmi1 ,*>lemagne _h to make indignant laws aga9/ ,abbots :o tri$ to get into _! h&s ! prop]ty ( ev]ybody ar\nd !m3 b 9 va94 ,! ,abbots became m & m ! great l&hold]s1 till _! p[] 0 intol]able4 ,! reasons are simple en\gh4 ,an abbey _h no *ildr5 betwe5 :om to divide its weal?1 & !re=e m l& 0 always fl[+ 9 & conc5trat+1 & nev] break+ up aga92 :ile almo/ e ,abbot left 8 p]sonalities1 all 8 private sav+s & pur*ases1 to 8 successor4 ,!n aga91 9 an unhappy h\r1 !y discov]$ t ! easie/ way ( gett+ ri* 0 by p]suad+ s9n]s1 & weak p]sons1 to secure ! safety ( _! s\ls by leav+ l& to ! ,*ur*1 9 return = ! pray]s & masses ( monks2 & t %ameful m9e ( weal? 0 work$ by !m = c5turies1 9 spite ( /atutes ( mortma91 & o!r *ecks :i* ! civil p[] laid on !m1 v (t5 by mo/ dete/able means4 ,"o is %ock$ to f9d good m5 l5d+ !mselves to su* base tricks3 b we mu/ recollect1 t !re has always be5 among m5 a public & a private consci5ce1 & t ^! two1 alas6 h g5]ally be5 v diff]5t4 ,x is an old say+1 t 'committees h no consci5ces2' & x is too true4 ,a body ( m5 act+ 9 conc]t = a public purpose w d ?+s :i* !y w\ld %r9k f ) disgu/1 if ! same trick w\ld m]ely put money into _! private purses2 & ?is is too (t5 ! case :5 ! public object is a good "o4 ,!n ! end seems to sanctify ! means1 to almo/ any am\nt ( *ican]y4 ,s x 0 ) ^? old monks4 ,an abbey _h no consci5ce4 ,an ord] ( monks _h no consci5ce4 ,a ,b5$ict9e1 a ,dom9ican1 a ,franciscan1 :o _h n himself a p5ny 9 ! _w1 & nev] int5d$ to h "o1 w\ld play tricks1 lie1 *eat1 sl&]1 =ge1 = ! hon\r & ! weal? ( 8 ord]2 :5 = himself1 & 9 himself1 he may h be5 an hone/ ,god-fe>+ man en\gh4 ,s x 02 "o m ugly fruit ( an unnatural attempt to be n good m51 b some?+ m ?an m52 by try+ to be m ?an m51 !y end$ by be+ less ?an m54 ,t 0 _! s91 & t s91 :5 x _h conceiv$1 br\ght =? dea?4 ,,lecture ,x--,,! ,,lomb>d ,,laws ,i h tri$ to %ew y h[ ! ,teutonic nations 7 ,*ri/ianiz$4 ,i h tri$ to expla9 to y :y ! cl]gy :o conv]t$ !m 71 nev]!less1 m or less p]man5tly antagoni/ic to !m4 ,i %all h1 h]eaft]1 to tell y some?+ ( "o ( ! mo/ fam\s in/ances ( t antagonism3 ( ! de/ruction ( ! lib]ties ( ! ,lomb>ds by t ,lat9 cl]gy4 ,b at fir/ y ought to "k some?+ ( ! mann]s ( ^! ,lomb>ds2 & t y may le>n be/ by /udy+ _! ,code4 ,!y are valuable to y1 z giv+ y a fair specim5 ( ! laws ( an old ,teutonic p4 ,y may pr(itably comp>e !m ) ! old ,go?ic1 ,franco-,salic1 ,burgundian1 ,anglo-,saxon1 & ,sc&9avian laws1 all =m$ on ! same primaeval model1 agree+ (t5 9 m9ute details1 & betok5+ "o primaeval orig91 ( awful antiquity4 ,by /udy+ !m1 moreov]1 y may ga9 "s notion ( t primaeval lib]ty & self- gov]nm5t1 common at fir/ to all ! race1 b pres]v$ alone by ,engl&2--to :i* ! desc5dants ( ^! v ,lomb>ds are at ?is v mom5t s manfully work+ _! way back4 ,^! laws 7 collect$ & publi%$ 9 writ+ by k+ ,ro?>1 ,a4,d4 #fdc1 #gf ye>s aft] ,albo9 came into ,italy4 ,! cause1 he says1 0 ! cont9ual we>y+ ( ! poor1 & ! sup]flu\s exactions1 & ev5 viol5ce1 ( ! /rong aga9/ ^? :o 7 weak4 ,!y are ! 'laws ( our fa!rs1 z f> z we h le>nt !m f anci5t m51 & are publi%$ ) ! c\nsel & cons5t ( our pr9ces1 judges1 & all our mo/ prosp]\s army1' i4e4 ! b>ons1 or freem5 capable ( be>+ arms2 '& are confirm$ accord+ to ! cu/om ( our nation by g>a?9x1' t is1 z f> z ,i c asc]ta9 f ,grimm's ,g]man ,law1 by giv+ an e>ne/1 g>ant1 or w>rant ( ! b>ga94 ,among ^! ,lomb>ds1 z among our ,engli% =efa!rs1 :5 a man ?+avit1 i4e4 donavit1 a gift or beque/ to any "o1 x 0 necess>y1 accord+ to law ,,clxxii41 to d x be=e gisiles1 witnesses1 & to give a g>a?9x1 or e>ne/1 ( 8 beque/--a halm ( /raw1 a turf1 a cup ( dr9k1 a piece ( money--z to ?is day a drov] seals 8 b>ga9 ) a %ill+1 & a comm]cial travell] ) a glass ( liquor4 ,:e!r ,ro?> gave ! g>a?9x to 8 b>ons1 or 8 b>ons to him1 ,i d n und]/&3 b at lea/ x is cle> f ! use ( ?is "o ^w t ! publication ( ^! laws 0 a 'social contract'--a di/9ct compact betwe5 k+ & p4 ,f all :i* y w p]ceive at once t ^! ,lomb>ds1 l all ,teutons1 7 a free p1 "u a r\gh k9d ( con/itutional mon>*y4 ,!y w\ld h greet$ ) laught] ! mod]n fable ( ! div9e "r ( k+s1 if by t !y 7 expect$ to und]/& t ! w ( ! k+ 0 law1 or t ! elde/ son ( a c]ta9 family _h any ,god-giv5 ipso-facto "r to succe$ 8 fa!r4 ,sixte5 k+s1 says ! preface1 _h reign$ f ,agilmund to ,ro?>2 & sev5 times _h ! royal race be5 *ang$4 ,t ! k+ %\ld belong to "o ( ! families :o d]iv$ _! p$igree f ,wod91 & t a son %\ld1 z natural1 succe$ 8 fa!r1 7 old rules3 b ! b>ons w\ld1 z all hi/ory %ews1 make little ( cr[n+ a y\ng] son in/ead ( an eld]1 if ! y\ng] 7 a h]o1 & ! eld] an 'arga'--a lazy loon2 & little1 also1 w\ld !y make ( sett+ aside ! :ole royal family1 & cr[n+ ! man :o w\ld d _! bus9ess be/4 ,! k+ 01 z ?is preface & ^! laws %ew1 ! comm&] 9 *ief ( ! ex]citus1 ! militia1 & !re=e ( e free man 9 ! /ate2 7= all 7 b\nd to fight :5 requir$74 ,he 0 also ! supreme judge1 ! head ( ! executive1 disp5s] & f\nta9 ( law3 b ) no m p[] ( mak+ ! law1 ( break+ ! law1 or ( arbitr>ily depriv+ a man ( 8 prop]ty1 ?an an ,engli% sov]eign has n[2 & 8 p[] 0 quamdiu se b5e gess]it1 & no long]1 z hi/ory proves 9 e page4 ,! doctr9e ( ! div9e "r ( k+s z und]/ood 9 ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & /ill 9 "s cont95tal c\ntries1 01 z f> z ,i c asc]ta91 inv5t$ by ! e>ly popes1 n = ! purpose ( exalt+ ! k+s1 b ( enslav+ !m1 & ?r\gh !m ! nations4 ,a k+ & 8 son's sons _h div9e '"r to gov]n wrong' n f ,god1 b f ! vic> ( ,god & ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 to :om ,god _h giv5 ! dom9ion ( ! :ole e>?1 & :o _h ! "r to ano9t1 or to depose1 :omsoev] he w\ld4 ,ev5 9 ^! old laws1 we see t new idea obtrud+ itself4 ',! k+'s he>t1' says "o ( !m 'is 9 ! h& ( ,god4' ,t is a text ( ,scripture4 ,:at x 0 meant to mean1 "o _c d\bt1 or by :om x 0 ins]t$4 ,! ',*ancellor1' or :oev] else transcrib$ ^? laws 9 ,lat91 01 ( c\rse1 a cl]ic1 prie/ or monk4 ,f 8 h& comes ! fir/ h9t ( arbitr>y p[]2 ! fir/ small blot ( a long d>k /a9 ( absolutism1 :i* 0 to d>k5 & deep5 ?r\gh c5turies ( tyranny & %ame4 ,b to plead ! div9e "r ( k+s1 9 a c\ntry :i* has ?r[n (f its allegiance to ! pope1 is to ass]t ! conclusion ( a syllogism1 ! major & m9or premiss ( :i* are bo? d5i$ by ! ass]tor4 ,! argum5ts = su* a "r drawn f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* 7 common among ! high-*ur* p>ty f ,james ,i4 to ,james ,,ii4 & ! ,nonjurors1 are really too inconsequ5t to require m ?an a pass+ smile4 ,h[ c y prove t a k+ has ! p[] to make laws1 f ! hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% nation1 :5 t v hi/ory repres5ts x all ?r\gh z b\nd by a primaeval & div9ely reveal$ law1 to :i* k+s & p 7 alike subject8 ,h[ c y prove t ! elde/ son's elde/ son has a div9e "r to we> ! cr[n z ',god's ano9t$1' :5 ! v p]sons to :om t title is giv5 are g5]ally ei!r n elde/ sons1 or n ( royal race at all8 ,! rule t ! elde/ son's elde/ son %\ld succe$1 has be5 prov$ by exp]i5ce to be 9 practice a mo/ excell5t "o3 b x re/s1 z 9 ,engl&1 s 9 ,lomb>dy1 or ,spa91 or ,frankrei* ( old "t1 simply ^u ! cons5t ( ! b>ons1 & ! w ( ! ?+ or p>liam5t4 ,!re is a s5tim5tal admiration ( ',imp]ialism' gr[+ up n[-a-days1 "u ! pret5ti\s titles ( 'h]o-wor%ip1' & '/rong gov]nm5t2' & ! ,briti% con/itution is repres5t$ z a clumsy & artificial arrangem5t ( ! ye> #afhh4 #afhh aft] ,*ri/8 #afhh be=e ,*ri/ w\ld be ne>] ! m>k4 ,x is z old1 9 its ess5tials1 z ! "t :5 n only all ! ,teutons =m$ "o tribe1 b :5 ,teutons & ,sc&9avians 7 /ill unit$--& :5 t 01 :o d>e say8 ,we at lea/ br\ght ! ,briti% con/itution ) u out ( ! bogs & moors ( ,jutl&1 along ) our smock-frocks & lea!r gait]s1 br[n bills & /one axes2 & x has done u good s]vice1 & w d1 till we h c>ri$ x "r r\nd ! _w4 ,z = ^! ,lomb>d k+s1 !y arose on ?is wise4 ,aft] ,albo9's dea? ! ,lomb>ds 7 = t5 ye>s "u dukes1 & evil times came1 e man do+ :at 0 "r 9 8 own eyes2 enl>g+ _! fronti] by kill+ ! ,roman l&hold]s1 & mak+ ! survivors give !m up a portion ( _! l&s1 z ,odoac] fir/1 & ! ,o/rogo?s next1 _h done4 ,at la/1 tir$ ( lawlessness1 diss5sion & weakness1 & seem+ly dread+ an invasion f ,*ildeb]t1 k+ ( ! ,franks1 !y *ose a k+1 ,au?>is ! son ( ,cleph1 & call$ him ,flavius1 by :i* ,roman title ! ,lomb>d k+s 7 aft]w>ds kn[n4 ,moreov]1 !y agre$ to give him 7,i conclude only once = all7 ! half ( all _! sub/ance1 to support ! k+dom4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 tributes aft]w>ds paid into ! k+'s treasury e ?ree ye>s2 & c]ta9 f9es1 & also c]ta9 portions ( ! prop]ty ( ^? :o di$ )\t direct heirs1 seem to h made up ! rev5ue4 ,:]eon1 ,paul says1 p]fect peace & ju/ice foll[$4 ,n[ = ! laws1 :i* 7 r$uc$ into writ+ ab\t sixty ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,! fir/ ?+ t y w rem>k ab\t ^! laws1 is t duel1 wag] ( battle "u %ield1 'diremptio causae p] pugnam sub uno scuto1' is ! e>lie/ =m ( settl+ a lawsuit4 ,if y _c agree1 fight x out fairly1 ei!r by y\rself or p] campionem1 a *ampion or kemp] man1 & ,god def5d ! "r4 ,!n foll[s 'faida1' blood-feud1 f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,to /op :i* a man is all[$ to purge himself by oa?2 8 own & t ( c]ta9 neighb\rs1 twelve 9 g5]al1 :o w swe> _! belief 9 8 innoc5ce4 ,?is 0 common to ! nor!rn nations1 & 0 ! orig9 ( our trial by jury4 ,if guilty1 ! (f5d] has to pay ! w]egeld1 or legal price1 set ^u ! injury he has inflict$4 ,:5 ! composition is paid1 !re is an end ( ! feud2 if aft] tak+ ! composition ! pla9tiff av5ges himself1 he has to pay x back4 ,h5ce our sy/em ( f9es4 ,?is me?od ( composition by f9es runs ?r\gh all ! ,teutonic laws2 & makes ! puni%m5t ( dea?1 at lea/ among freem51 v r>e4 ,puni%m5ts by /ripes1 by imprisonm5t1 or by cruel or degrad+ me?ods1 !re are none4 ,! p]son ( a freeman is sacr$1 ',v9cire et v]b]>e nefas1' z ,tacitus said ( ^! ,g]mans #fjj ye>s be=e4 ,! (f5ces absolutely puni%able by dea? seem to be1 treason aga9/ ! k+'s life2 c[>dice 9 battle2 concealm5t ( robb]s2 mut9ies & attempts to escape out ( ! realm2 & !re=e 7"u ! !n milit>y organization7 to escape f ! duty ( e freeman1 to be> arms 9 def5ce ( ! l&4 ,m ?an a hundr$ ( ^! laws def9e ! diff]5t f9es1 or 'w]egelds1' by :i* ea* (f5ce is to be comp\nd$ =1 f #ijj solidi aurei1 gold pieces1 = a murd]1 d[nw>ds to ! smalle/ brea* ( ! peace4 ,ea* limb has its special price4 ,= ! loss ( an eye1 half ! price ( ! :ole man is to be paid4 ,a front too? is wor? #afs41 solidi aurei2 _! loss be+ a disfigurem5t2 b a back too? is wor? only #hs4 ,a slave's too?1 on ! o!r h&1 is wor? b #ds42 & 9 e case1 ! w]egeld ( a slave is mu* less ?an t ( a freeman4 ,! sacr$ness ( ! h\sehold1 & ! /rong s5se ( ! individual rights ( prop]ty1 are to be rem>k$4 ,"o f\nd 9 a 'c\rt1' c\rtl$ge 7or home/ead71 by night 7z we say 9 old ,engli%71 may be kill$4 ,y "k1 ,i d>e say1 t 9 _m ,teutonic & ,sc&9avian nations ! pr9ciple t a man's h\se is 8 ca/le 0 s /rongly held t m5 7 n all[$ to ent] a condemn$ man's h\se to c>ry him (f to execution2 b if he w\ld n come out1 c\ld only burn ! h\se ov] 8 head4 ,%oot+1 or ?r[+ a lance into any man's home/ead1 co/s #bjs4 ',ob]os1' or 'curtis ruptura1' t is1 mak+ viol5t entry into a man's home/ead1 co/s #bjs4 also4 ,nay1 m]ely to fet* y\r own goods out ( ano!r man's h\se secretly1 & )\t ask+ leave1 0 likewise puni%$ z ob]os4 ,s ( p]sonal hon\r4 ',s*elte' or insult1 = in/ance1 to call a man arga1 i4e4 a lazy loon1 is a s]i\s (f5ce4 ,if ! def5dant w confess t he said x 9 a passion1 & w take oa? t he nev] knew ! pla9tiff to be arga1 he mu/ /ill pay #abs42 b if he w /& to 8 ^w1 !n he mu/ fight x out by duel1 sub uno scuto4 ,! p]son1 = ! same reason1 0 sacr$4 ,if a man _h la9 9 wait = a freeman1 'cum virtute et solatio1' ) val\r & com=t1 i4e4 ) arm$ m5 to back him1 & _h f\nd him /&+ or walk+ simply1 & _h %amefully held him1 or 'battid]it1' committ$ assault & batt]y on him1 he mu/ pay half ! man's w]egeld2 ! 'turpit] et ridiculum' be+ consid]$ = a freeman z half z bad z dea?4 ,"h y f9d 9 private life1 z well z 9 public1 ! v9cire et v]b]>e nefas4 ,if1 aga91 "o _h a m9d to lose #hj %ill+s ( gold1 he ne$ b to commit ! (f5ce ( 'me]worph91' a ^w :i* w puzzle y some:at1 till y f9d x to signify 'm>e w>p+1' to w>p1 or ?r[ "o's neighb\r (f 8 m>e or horse4 ,a bl[ ) ! clos$ fi/1 aga91 co/s ?ree %ill+s3 b "o ) ! op5 h&1 six4 ,! latt] is an insult z well z an injury4 ,a freeman is /ruck ) ! fi/1 b a slave ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,break+ a man's head co/s six solidi4 ,b if "o _h brok5 8 skull1 !n 7z 9 ! ,alemannic laws7 "o mu/ pay twelve %ill+s1 & twelve m = ea* fracture up to ?ree--aft] :i* !y are n c\nt$4 ,b a piece ( bone mu/ come out :i* w make a s\nd :5 ?r[n into a %ield twelve feet (f2 :i* feet are to be measur$ by t ( a man ( middle /ature4 ,f :i* /range law may be d$uc$1 n only ! t\ghness ( ! ,lomb>d bra9-pan1 b ! extreme necessity ( def9+ ea* p>ticul>1 9 ord] to prev5t subsequ5t disputes1 foll[$ up by a blood-feud1 :i* might be h&$ d[n f fa!r to son4 ,= by accept+ ! legal f9e1 ! injur$ man expressly r5\nc$ 8 primaeval "r ( feud4 ,!n foll[ "s curi\s laws 9 fav\r ( ! ma/]s ( ,como1 ,magi/ri ,comac5es1 :o seem to h be5 a guild ( ar*itects1 p]haps ! orig9al g]m ( ! great society ( free-masons--belong+1 no d\bt1 to ! ,roman population--:o 7 settl$ ab\t ! lake ( ,como1 & 7 hir$1 on contract1 7z ! laws !mselves express17 to build = ! ,lomb>ds1 :o ( c\rse _h no skill to make any?+ beyond a sk9- t5t or a log-hall4 ,!n foll[ laws aga9/ inc5di>ies2 a f9e = damage by accid5tal h\se-fire1 if ! (f5d] h c>ri$ fire m ?an n9e feet f ! he>?2 a law aga9/ leav+ a fire alight on a j\rney1 z 9 ! ,au/ralian colonies n[4 ,!n laws to protect mills2 important matt]s 9 ^? days1 be+ unkn[n to ! ,lomb>ds be=e _! entrance into ,italy4 ,!n laws ( inh]itance2 on :i* ,i %all rem>k1 t natural sons1 if free1 are to h a portion ( _! fa!r's inh]itance2 b less ?an ! legitimate sons3 b t a natural son born ( a slave rema9s a slave1 'nisi pat] lib]um ?+av]it4' ,?is cruel law 0 ! law ( ,rome & ( ! ,*ur*2 our ,anglo-,saxon =efa!rs1 to _! hon\r1 held ! rev]se rule4 ',semp] a patre1 non a matre1 g5]ationis ordo texitur4' ,next1 x is to be rem>k$1 t no free woman c live 9 ,lomb>dy1 or1 ,i believe1 9 any ,teutonic /ate1 save "u ! 'mundium' ( "s "o4 ,y %\ld und]/& ?is ^w 'mund4' ,among mo/ ( ! ,teutonic races1 wom51 slaves1 & y\?s1 at lea/ n ( age to c>ry arms1 7 "u ! mund ( "s "o4 ,( c\rse1 prim>ily ! fa!r1 head ( ! family1 & if he di$1 an uncle1 eld] bro!r1 c4 ,! m>ri$ woman 01 ( c\rse1 "u ! mund ( h] husb&4 ,he 0 answ]able = ! good conduct ( all "u 8 mund2 he _h to pay _! f9es if !y (f5d$2 & he 0 b\nd1 on ! o!r h&1 to protect !m by all lawful means4 ,?is sy/em /ill l+]s 9 ! legal /atus ( wom5 9 ,engl&1 = good & evil2 ! husb& is m or less answ]able = ! wife's debts2 ! wife1 till lately1 0 unable to ga9 prop]ty ap>t f h] husb&'s control2 ! wife is suppos$1 9 c]ta9 cases ( law1 to act "u ! husb&'s compulsion4 ,all ^!1 & _m o!rs1 are relics ( ! old sy/em ( mund = wom52 & t sy/em has1 ,i v]ily believe1 succe$$4 ,x has call$ out1 z no o!r sy/em c\ld h done1 *ivalry 9 ! man4 ,x has made him feel x a duty & an hon\r to protect ! physically weak] sex4 ,x has made ! woman feel t h] influ5ce1 :e!r 9 ! /ate or 9 ! family1 is to be n physical & legal1 b moral & spiritual2 & t x !re=e re/s on a gr\nd really nobl] & deep] ?an t ( ! man4 ,! mod]n exp]im5ts = emancipat+ wom5 f all mund1 & plac+ !m on a physical & legal equality ) ! man1 may be "r1 & may be ultimately successful4 ,we mu/ n ha/ily prejudge !m4 ,b ( ?is we may be almo/ c]ta92 t if !y succe$1 !y w cause a wide- spread revolution 9 society1 ( :i* ! pat5t dang] w be1 ! de/ruction ( ! feel+ ( *ivalry1 & ! consequ5t brutalization ( ! male sex4 ,!n foll[ laws relat+ to m>riage & wom51 ( :i* ,i may rem>k1 t 7z 9 ,tacitus' "t71 ! woman br+s h] d[ry1 or 'fad] fee1' to h] husb&2 & t ! morn+ aft] ! w$d+ %e receives f him1 if he be cont5t ) h]1 h] morg5 gap1 or morn+ gift2 :i* rema9s h] own private prop]ty1 unless %e misbehaves4 ,! hon\r ( wom51 :e!r 9 fact or m]ely 9 fame1 is protect$ by _m sev]e laws1 among :i* ,i %all only notice1 t ! call+ a free woman '/riga' 7wit*7 is sev]ely puni%able4 ,if any "o does s :o has ! mund ( h]1 except h] fa!r or bro!r1 he loses 8 mund4 ,on ! :ole1 woman's condition seems inf]ior to man's on "s po9ts3 b sup]ior on o!rs4 e4g4 ,a woman's w]egeld--! price ( h] life--is #abjj solidi2 :ile ! man's is only #ijj4 ,= he c def5d himself1 b %e _c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if a man kill 8 wife1 he pays only ! #abjj solidi1 & loses h] d[ry3 b if %e kill him1 %e dies4 ,aga94 ,if a free man be caught ?iev+1 up to ! am\nt ( #bj siliquae1 beans1 i4e4 "o gold piece--?\gh ,pope ,gregory makes ! solidus 7aureus7 #bd siliquae--he replaces ! !ft1 & pays #hj solidi1 or dies2 & a slave "o half1 or dies4 ,b if a free woman is tak5 9 !ft1 %e only replaces x2 = %e has suff]$ = h] wrong-do+1 & mu/ lay x to h] own %ame1 t %e has tri$ to d 'op]am indec5tem1' a f\l de$4 ,& if an aldia or slave-woman /eals1 h] ma/] replaces ! !ft1 & pays #dj solidi1 m9us ! value ( ! /ol5 goods--& beats h] aft]w>ds1 ,i presume1 if he *ooses4 ,& n[ conc]n+ slaves1 :o seem to h be5 divid$ into ?ree classes4 ,! ,aldius & ,aldia1 mascul9e & fem99e1 :o 7 ( a high] rank ?an o!r slaves4 ,! ,aldius c\ld m>ry a free woman1 :ile ! slave m>ry+ a free woman is puni%able by dea?2 &1 z exp]im5tum crucis1 if an ,aldius m>ri$ an ,aldia or a free woman1 ! *ildr5 foll[$ ! fa!r4 ,if he m>ri$ a slave1 ! *ildr5 foll[$ ! "m1 & became slaves ( 8 "l4 ,! ,aldius1 aga91 may n sell 8 "l's l& or slaves1 :i* indicates t he held l& & slaves "u 8 "l4 ,:at ! ^w means1 ,grimm does n seem to "k4 ,he ?9ks x synonym\s ) 'litus1' ( :om we he> z e>ly z ,tacitus' "t1 z "o ( ! f\r classes1 nobles1 freem51 liti1 slaves2 & !re=e lib]tus1 a fre$man4 ,b ! ^w does n m]ely mean1 x appe>s1 a slave half fre$ by 8 ma/]2 b "o r h]$it>ily half free1 & hold+ a f>m "u 8 "l4 ,dio1 h[ev]1 is said to be an old ,g]man ^w = a slave2 & x is possible t aldius 7a ^w only kn[n1 seem+ly1 9 ,lomb>dy7 may h signifi$ orig9ally an old slave1 an old ,roman colonus1 or peasant ( "s sort1 f\nd by ! conqu]ors 9 possession ( l&1 & all[$ to reta91 & till x1 f fa!r to son4 ,we1 9 ,engl&1 _h ! same di/9ction betwe5 ',laet1' or 'villa9s' settl$ on ! l&1 glebae adscripti1 & m]e ?ralls or ![s1 slaves pure & simple4 ,no d\bt su* w\ld h bett] t]ms ?an ! m]e mancipia--slaves tak5 9 w>1 or b\ght--= ! simple reason1 t !y w\ld be agriculturi/s1 practis$ 9 ! ,roman tillage1 und]/&+ ! my/]ies ( irrigation1 artificial grasses1 & rotation ( crops1 z well z ! culture ( v9es1 fruit1 & olives4 ,next to !m y h diff]5t sorts ( slaves2 ,s]vus mass>ius1 :o seems to be also ru/icanus1 "o :o takes c>e ( 8 "l's 'massa' or f>m1 & is all[$ a peculium1 x seems1 "s animals ( 8 own1 :i* he may n sell1 ?\gh he may give !m away4 ,& aga91 s]vus doctus1 an educat$ h\sehold slave1 ^: w]egeld is high] ?an t ( o!rs4 ,! laws relat+ to fugitive slaves seem z m]ciful z su* ?+s c be2 & ! ,lomb>ds h always _h ! cr$it ( be+ k9d & easy ma/]s4 ,connect$ ) fugitive slaves are laws ab\t portun>ii1 f]rym51 :o appe>1 z y "k1 9 ! old ballads z v important1 & g5]ally =midable m54 ,! fight betwe5 ,von ,troneg ,hag5 & ! old f]ryman 9 ! ,nibelung5 ,li$1 is a fam\s in/ance ( ! anci5t f]rym5's pr[ess4 ,"o c easily und]/& h[ necess>y /rict laws 71 to prev5t ^! f]rym5 c>ry+ ov] fugitive slaves1 outlaws1 & inde$ any "o )\t due caution2 = ea* man 0 b\nd to rema9 9 8 own prov9ce1 t he might be ready :5 call$ on = milit>y s]vice2 & a travell] to =eign p>ts 0 look$ on z a des]t] f 8 liege- "l & c\ntry4 ,!n foll[ a great numb] ( laws1 to me bo? amus+ & in/ructive1 z giv+ u "s glimpse ( ! c\ntry life ( ^? ,lomb>ds 9 ! #h? c5tury4 ,scatt]$ 9 ! va/ woodl&s & m>%es lie small f>ms1 enclos$ by dit*es & po/s & rails1 f :i* if y /eal a rail1 y are f9$ #as41 if y /eal a po/1 #cs4 ,!re 7 /ake f5ces1 :i* y mu/ be c>eful 9 mak+1 = if a horse /akes himself by leap+ 91 y pay no?+2 b if he does s by leap+ out1 y pay ! price ( ! horse4 ,moreov]1 y mu/ leave no %>p /akes /&+ out ( ! h$ge2 = if a man or bea/ w\nds himself !reby 9 pass+1 y h to pay full w]egeld4 ,walk+ ov] s[n l&1 or s5d+ a woman ( y\r mundium to d s1 9 accordance ) an anci5t sup]/ition1 is a sev]e (f5ce2 s is injur+ a v9ey>d1 or tak+ m ?an tres uvae 7bun*es ( grapes1 ,i presume7 f ! v9e4 ,injur+ l&m>ks cut on ! trees 7!claturas & signaturas7 or any o!r b\nd>y m>k1 is sev]ely puni%able ei!r 9 a slave1 or 9 a freeman4 ,9 ! va/ woods range h]ds ( sw9e1 & 9 ! pa/ures1 horses1 c>$ = by law2 = to take a h]d ( sw9e or brood m>es z pl$ge1 )\t ! k+'s leave1 is puni%able by dea?1 or a f9e ( #ijjs4 ,ox5 or horses us$ to ! yoke c be tak5 z pl$ge2 b only by leave ( ! k+1 or ( ! s*uldhais 7local magi/rate71 on pro( t ! debtor has no o!r prop]ty2 = by !m he gets 8 liv+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y f9d pigs r\t+ 9 y\r enclosure1 y may kill "o1 "u c]ta9 re/rictions1 b n ! 'sornpair1' s\nd] bo>1 :o 'battit et v9cit' all ! o!r bo>s 9 ! s\nd] 7old ,engli% = h]d74 ,rival sw9eh]ds1 z is to be suppos$1 'battidunt int] se1' & 'sc&alum faciunt1' (t5 en\gh4 ,:]eon ! law advises !m to fight x out1 & !n settle ! damage betwe5 !m4 ,horses are c>$ =4 ,to ride ano!r man's horse co/s #bs42 to dock or crop him1 eight-fold ! damage2 & s on ( hurt+ ano!r man's horse4 ,moreov]1 if y\r neighb\r's dog flies at y1 y may hit him ) a /ick or little sword1 & kill him1 b if y ?r[ a /one aft] him & kill him1 y be+ !n out ( dang]1 y mu/ give ! ma/] a new dog4 ,!n !re are qua9t laws ab\t hunt+2 & damage caus$ by wild bea/s caught 9 sn>es or br\ght to bay4 ,a w\nd$ /ag belongs to ! man :o has w\nd$ x = tw5ty-f\r h\rs3 b aft] t to anyone4 ,tame de]1 x is obs]vable1 are kept2 & to kill a doe or fawn co/s #fs41 to kill a buck1 #abs4 ,tame hawks1 cranes1 & swans1 if tak5 9 sn>es1 co/ #fs4 ,b any man may take fly+ hawks out ( 8 neighb\r's wood1 b n out ( ! ,gaias ,regis1 ! k+'s gehage1 haies1 h$ges1 or enclos$ p>ks4 ,& n[1 ,i h b "o m law to m5tion--w\ld ,god t x _h be5 9 =ce 9 lat] c5turies-- ',let no "o presume to kill ano!r man's aldia or ancilla1 z a /riga1 wit*1 :i* is call$ masca2 because x is n to be believ$ by ,*ri/ian m9ds1 t a woman c eat up a live man f )92 & if any "o does s he %all pay #fjs4 z h] price1 & = 8 fault1 half to h] ma/]1 & half to ! k+4' ,?is la/ /range law =ces on u a s]i\s "q1 "o :i* may h be5 sugge/+ itself to y ?r\gh\t my lecture4 ,if ^! 7 ! old ,teutonic laws1 ?is ! old ,teutonic lib]ty1 ! respect = man z man1 = woman z woman1 :5ce came ! opposite elem5t8 ,h[ is x t ^! lib]ties h be5 lo/ ?r\gh\t almo/ all ,europe8 ,h[ is x t a sy/em ( law prevail$ ov] ! :ole cont95t1 up to ! ,fr5* revolution1 & prevails /ill 9 too _m c\ntries1 ! v opposite ( all ?is8 ,i am afraid t ,i mu/ answ]1 ,ma9ly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,roman cl]gy dur+ ! middle age4 ,! orig9al diff]5ce ( race betwe5 ! cl]gy & ! ,teutonic conqu]ors1 :i* ,i h already po9t$ out to y1 _h a curi\s effect1 :i* l+]s to ?is day4 ,x plac$ ! ,*ur* 9 antagonism1 m or less op51 to ! civil adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,! crim9al 0 look$ on by ! prie/ r z a suff]] to be deliv]$1 ?an an (f5d] to be puni%$4 ,all :o are conv]sant ) ! lives ( sa9ts mu/ recollect cases 9 :i* ! sa9t p]=ms ev5 miracles on behalf ( ! condemn$4 ,m$iaeval tales are full ( in/ances ( ! same feel+ :i* prompt$ ! ,italian brig&s1 ev5 9 our own times1 to c>ry a lead5 sa9t's image 9 8 hat z a safegu>d4 ,9 an old ,fr5* fabliau1 = in/ance1 we read h[ a c]ta9 highway-robb] 0 always c>eful to address 8 pray]s to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 be=e go+ out to murd] & /eal2 & f\nd ! practice pay him well4 ,= :5 he 0 tak5 & hang$1 our ,lady put h] 'ma9s blan*es' "u 8 feet1 & support$ him invisibly = a :ole day1 till ! execution]1 f9d+ x impossible to kill him1 0 =c$ to let him retire peaceably into a mona/]y1 :]e he liv$ & di$ dev\tly4 ,we may laugh at su* fancies2 or express1 if we w1 our abhorr5ce ( _! immorality3 b x w be m useful to exam9e into ! causes :i* produc$ !m4 ,!y seem to h be5 tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,*ur* did n look on ! ,teutonic laws1 :e!r ,frank1 ,burgund1 ,go? or ,lomb>d1 z law at all4 ,h] law1 :e!r ecclesia/ical or civil1 0 =m$ on ! ,roman model2 & by x alone %e wi%$ h]self1 & ^? :o 7 "u h] protection1 to be judg$4 ,next--& ?is c\nt is altoge!r to h] hon\r--law1 su* z x 01 0 too (t5 adm9i/]$1 especially by ! ,franks1 caprici\sly & brutally2 :ile ! s]vile population1 always ! great majority1 c h>dly be said to h be5 "u ! protection ( law at all4 ,no "o c read ! pages ( ,fr$eg>ius1 or ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 )\t see+ t !re mu/ h be5 cases weekly1 ev5 daily1 :i* call$ on ! cl]gy1 9 ! "n ( ju/ice & humanity1 to deliv] if possible1 ! poor f him t spoil$ him2 :i* excus$ fully ! rise ( ! "r ( sanctu>y1 & ( b5efit ( cl]gy1 aft]w>ds s mu* abus$2 :i* made x a pi\s duty 9 prelates to "w !mselves into p[] at c\rt1 & !re1 z ! ',*ancellors' ( pr9ces1 try to get some?+ l regul> ju/ice done2 & naturally en\gh1 to remodel ! laws ( ea* nation on ! "t-hon\r$ & sci5tific ,roman =m4 ,nev]!less1 ! antagonism ( ! ,*ur* to ! national & secul> law rema9$ = c5turies4 ,x di$ out fir/ p]haps1 9 ,engl&1 aft] ! signature ( ,magna ,*>ta4 ,= !n ! ,engli% prelates began to take up t truly ,prote/ant & national attitude :i* issu$ 9 ! great ,re=mation3 b x l+]s /ill 9 ,irel& & 9 ,italy4 ,x l+]$ 9 ,france up to ! ,fr5* revolution1 z may be se5 notably 9 ! acc\nt ( ! execution ( ! ,m>quise de ,br9villi]s1 by ! prie/ :o att5d$ h]4 ,horror at h] atroci\s crimes is q swall[$ up1 9 ! m9d ( ! good fa!r1 by sympa?y ) h] suff]+2 & ! mob snat* h] bones f ! fun]al pile1 & keep !m z ! relics ( a sa9t4 ,b m4 ,:ile ! ,roman cl]gy did real good to ,europe1 9 pres]v+ ! sci5tific elem5ts ( ,roman law1 !y did h>m by pres]v+ !re) o!r elem5ts--,roman *icane1 & ,roman cruelty4 ,9 t respect1 z 9 o!rs1 ',rome conqu]$ h] conqu]ors2' & ! desc5dants ( ^? ,roman lawy]s1 :om ! hone/ ,teutons call$ add]s1 & z add]s kill$ !m d[n1 de/roy$1 9 c\rse ( "t1 ,teutonic fre$om4 ,b ^? desc5dants 71 alas6 ! cl]gy4 ,weak1 !y began e>ly to adopt ^? arms ( quibbl+ & craft1 :i* religi\s m5 too (t5 fancy are ! prop] arms ( '! sa9ts' aga9/ '! _w4' ,hold+ human nature 9 suspicion & contempt1 !y e>ly gave way to ! maxim ( ! savage1 t e "o is likely to be guilty till prov$ innoc5t1 & !re=e lic5s$ ! /upid brutalities ( torture to extract confession4 ,hold+ self-degradation to be a virtue1 & indep5d5ce z a c>nal vice2 glory+ 9 be+ slaves !mselves1 till to become1 "u ! "n ( holy ob$i5ce1 'p]9de ac cadav]1' 0 ! ideal ( a good monk2 & accu/om$1 !mselves1 to degrad+ corporal puni%m5t2 !y did n %r9k f inflict+1 ev5 on boys & wom51 tortures z da/>dly z indec5t4 ,look+ on ! _w1 & on ! future ( ! human race1 ?r\gh a m$ium comp>$ ) :i* ! d>ke/ fancies ( a mod]n fanatic are bright & cle>1 !y did n %r9k f inflict+ p5alties1 ! v m5tion ( :i* makes ! blood run cold4 ,suspect+1 if n alt]nately envy+ & despis+1 all wom5 :o 7 n nuns2 writ+ op5ly ( ! :ole sex 7until unsex$7 z ! sn>e & curse ( mank9d2 & possess$ by a ,mani*aean belief 9 ! p[] & pres5ce ( innum]able demons1 ^: especial victims 7 wom52 !y erect$ wit*-hunt+ into a sci5ce2 !y p&]$ to1 & actually =maliz$1 & ju/ifi$ on sci5tific gr\nds1 ! mo/ cruel & c[>dly sup]/itions ( ! mob2 & aga9 & aga9 rais$ lit]al crusades aga9/ wom51 tortur+1 expos+1 burn+1 "y & old1 n m]ely 9 ! wit*-mania ( ! #ag? c5tury1 b ?r\gh ! :ole middle age4 ,x is a dete/able page ( hi/ory4 ,i ask ^? :o may ?9k my /atem5t exagg]at$1 to consult ! orig9al au?orities4 ,let !m contra/ ,ro?>'s law ab\t ! impossibility ( wit*craft1 ) ! pages ( ! ,malleus ,malefic>um1 ,nid]'s ,=nic>ium1 or ,delrio ! ,jesuit1 & see = !mselves :o 7 ! false tea*]s4 ,& if !y be told1 t ! cruelties ( ! ,inquisition 7 only ^? 9 vogue accord+ to ! secul> law ( ! day1 let !m recollect t ! =muliz]s ( t law 7 none o!r ?an ! celibate ,roman cl]gy4 ,i d n d5y t !re 0 9 all ?is a j1 ?\gh a t]rible1 ,nemesis4 ,:at 0 ! ess5tial fault ( ^! ,lomb>d laws--inde$ ( all ! ,teutonic codes8 ,?is--t !re 0 "o law = ! free man1 ano!r = ! slave4 ,ecclesia/ical dom9ion 0 necess>y1 to make "o law = all classes1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 a law ( common slav]y4 ,z ! free _h done to ! slave1 ev5 s1 & f> worse1 w\ld ! ,roman cl]gy d to !m4 ,! ,albig5se p]secutors1 burn+ sixty ladies 9 "o day2 ,conrad ( ,m>purg sc\rg+ 8 own sov]eign1 ,/4 ,elizabe?2 %av+ ! ,c\nt ( ,saiym's head2 & burn+ noble ladies almo/ )\t trial2 ,spr5g] & 8 compe]s1 (f]+ up female hecatombs ( ! highe/ blood ?\gh\t ,g]many2 ,engli% bi%ops burn+ 9 ,smi?field ,anne ,askew1 ! hapless c\rt-beauty1 & h] fell[-c\rti] ,mr4 ,lascelles1 j z if !y _h be5 ,essex or ,b]k%ire peasants2--all ^! evildo]s 7 weld+ ! diff]5t classes ( ! ,european nations1 by a community ( suff]+1 into nations2 into ! belief t free & slave _h "o blood1 "o humanity1 "o consci5ce1 "o capacity ( suff]+2 & at la/1 "o capacity ( rebell+1 & mak+ common cause1 high & l[ alike1 aga9/ him :o reign$ 9 ,italy "u ! ',romani nom9is umbram4' ,& if our ,engli% law1 our ,engli% ideas ( ju/ice & m]cy1 h reta9$1 m ?an mo/ ,european codes1 ! fre$om1 ! tru?fulness1 ! k9dl9ess1 ( ! old ,teutonic laws1 we owe x to ! fact1 t ,engl& escap$1 m ?an any o!r l&1 ! ta9t ( effete ,roman civilization2 t %e !re=e fir/ ( ! l&s1 9 ! #ab? c5tury1 rebell$ aga9/1 & fir/ ( !m1 9 ! #af? c5tury1 ?rew (f1 ! ,ultramontane yoke4 ,& surely x w be s1 9 due "t1 ) ! desc5dants ( ^! v ,lomb>ds4 ,we h se5 !m 9 ^! v ye>s arise out ( ! du/ & %ame ( c5turies1 & det]m9e to be ,lomb>ds once aga94 ,we h se5 a h]o arise among !m ( ! true old ,teuton /amp1 be>+ wor?ily ! "n :i* 8 =efa!rs br\ght ov] ! ,alps ) ,albo9--,g>ibald1 ! 'bold 9 w>4' ,may !y succe$ 9 ! same noble /ruggle z t 9 :i* we succe$$1 & return+1 n 9 lett]1 b 9 _s1 to ! old laws ( ,ro?> & _! free =efa!rs1 become ! lead+ race ( a free & unit$ ,italy6 ,,lecture ,,xi--,,! ,,popes ,,& ,,! ,,lomb>ds ',our ,lady ! ,"m ( ,god1 ev5 ,virg9 ,m>ia1 toge!r ) u1 prote/s to y1 adjur+ y ) great obligations1 & admoni%es & comm&s y1 & ) h] ! ?rones1 dom9ations1 all ! heav5ly angels1 ! m>tyrs & confessors ( ,*ri/1 on behalf ( ! ,roman city1 committ$ to u by ! ,"l ,god1 & ! %eep ( ! ,"l dwell+ 9 x4 ,def5d & free x spe$ily f ! h&s ( ! p]secut+ ,lomb>ds1 le/ my body :i* suff]$ torm5ts = ,*ri/1 & my home 9 :i* x re/s by ! comm& ( ,god1 be contam9at$ by ! p ( ! ,lomb>ds1 :o are guilty ( su* iniquit\s p]jury1 & are pr\d transgressors ( ! div9e scripture4 ,s w ,i at ! day ( judgm5t rew>d y ) my patronage1 & prep>e = y 9 ! k+dom ( ,god mo/ %9+ & glori\s tab]nacles1 promis+ y ! rew>d ( et]nal retribution1 & ! inf9ite joys ( p>adise4 ',run1 by ! true & liv+ ,god ,i exhort y1 run1 & help2 be=e ! liv+ f\nta91 :5ce y 7 consecrat$ & born aga91 %all dry up3 be=e ! little sp>k rema9+ ( t brilliant flame1 f :i* y knew ! light1 be ext+ui%$2 be=e y\r spiritual "m1 ! holy ,*ur* ( ,god1 9 :i* y hope to receive et]nal life1 %all be humiliat$1 invad$1 violat$1 & defil$ by ! impi\s4 ',b if n1 may y\r prov9ces 9 return1 & y\r possessions1 be invad$ by p :om y "k n4 ,sep>ate n y\rselves f my ,roman p2 s y w n be ali5s1 & sep>ate f ! k+dom ( ,god1 & et]nal life4 ,= :atev] y %all ask ( me1 ,i w surely give y1 & be y\r patron4 ,assi/ my ,roman p1 y\r bro!rs2 & /rive m p]fectly2 = x is writt51 ,no man receive? ! cr[n1 unless he /rive lawfully4 ',i conjure y1 mo/ belov$1 by ! liv+ ,god1 leave n ?is my city ( ,rome to be any long] torn by ! ,lomb>ds1 le/ y\r bodies & s\ls be torn & torm5t$ = ev]1 9 inext+ui%able & ,t>t>ian fire ) ! devil & 8 pe/if]\s angels2 & let n ! %eep ( ! ,"l's flock1 :i* are ! ,roman p1 be disp]s$ any m1 le/ ! ,"l disp]se y1 & ca/ y =? z ! p ( ,israel 0 disp]s$4' ,y w conclude1 d\btless1 t ?is curi\s docum5t c be no?+ b a papal allocution4 ,its peculi> scriptural /yle 7wrongly suppos$ to h be5 inv5t$ by ! ,puritans1 :o m]ely le>nt x f ! old ,roman cl]gy71 z well z ! self-conceit1 :i* fancies ! fate ( ! :ole _w to dep5d on ! prosp]ity ( a small half-ru9$ city 9 ,italy1 w be to y suffici5t m>ks ( ! ,roman h&4 ,b y w be some:at mi/ak54 ,x is h>dly an epi/le f ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,x pr(esses to be an epi/le f ,/4 ,pet] himself1 & s5t by him ?r\gh ! h&s ( ,pope ,/eph5 ,,iii4 to ,pep9 ! k+ ( ! ,franks1 9 ! ye> #gee4 ,y w h conclud$ also f x1 t ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity is 9 its extreme agony2 t ! wor%ip & "n ( our ,"l1 & ! f\nta9s ( sacram5tal grace are ab\t to be ext+ui%$ = ev]1 & t no?+ b h]esy or hea!ndom c foll[4 ,!n y w be q mi/ak54 ,^! ,lomb>ds are pi\s ,ca?olics4 ,build]s ( *ur*es & mona/]ies1 !y are tak+ up ! relics ( ! ,roman m>tyrs1 to transf] !m to ! *ur*es ( ,milan & ,pavia4 ,!y h j giv5 ,pope ,/eph5 ! mo/ /rik+ pro( ( _! awe ( 8 p]son & (fice4 ,b !y are qu>rell+ ) him ab\t ! b\nd>ies ( 8 e/ates = ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,!y consid] t he & 8 pr$ecessors h grossly wrong$ !m at diff]5t times2 & n[ la/ ( all1 by call+ 9 =eign invad]s2 & !y are at ! gates ( ,rome lay+ wa/e ! c\ntry1 & dem&+ a poll-tax z ransom4 ,t is all4 ,! causes :i* l$ to ?is qu>rel mu/ be s\ght f> back 9 hi/ory4 ,! orig9al docum5ts 9 :i* y w f9d ! facts w be ,paulus ,diaconus1 z f> z ,k+ ,luitpr&'s dea?2 !n ! ,life & ,writ+s ( ,gregory ! ,great2 & !n ,b>onius' ,annals1 especially 8 quotations f ,ana/asius' ,life ( ,/eph5 ,,iii41 be>+ 9 m9d t1 z ) ! ,o/rogo?s1 we h only ! ,roman ,papal /ory2 t ! ,lomb>ds h nev] /at$ _! case1 n ev5 ?r\gh ,paulus ,diaconus1 :o1 be+ a cl]gyman1 prud5tly holds 8 tongue ab\t ! :ole matt]4 ,b by f> ! be/ acc\nt is to be f\nd 9 ,dean ,milman's ',lat9 ,*ri/ianity1' ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,rome1 y mu/ und]/&1 has become gradually ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]2 ! ,popes are ! practical k+s ( ,rome1 possess+1 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*1 mu* l& r\nd ,rome1 & _m e/ates scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 & ev5 9 ,sicily1 ,gaul1 ,africa1 & ! ,ea/--e/ates probably bequea!d by pi\s p4 ,!y h succe$$ to ?is jurisdiction simply by default4 ,!y rule ,rome1 because !re is no "o else to rule x4 ,we f9d ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great fe$+ ! paup]-masses ( ,rome1 on ! fir/ day ( e mon?1 f ! fruitful corn-be>+ e/ates 9 ,sicily2 keep+ up ! ',panem2' b sub/itut+1 ?ank ,heav51 = ! ',circ5ses' at lea/ ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,( c\rse1 ! man :o c\ld keep ! ,roman p alive mu/ ne$s become1 ipso facto1 _! mon>*4 ,! ,pope ackn[l$ges1 ( c\rse1 a c]ta9 allegiance to ! ,emp]or at ,con/ant9ople1 & !re=e to 8 repres5tative1 ! ,ex>* ( ,rav5na3 t is to say1 he meets !m ) flatt]y :5 !y are work+ on 8 side2 ) wra? :5 !y oppose him4 ,he intrigues ) !m1 too1 :5ev] he c safely d s1 aga9/ ! ,lomb>ds4 ,?us ! ,pope has become1 dur+ ! f\r c5turies :i* foll[$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,we/]n ,empire1 ! sole surviv+ repres5tative ( t ,empire4 ,he is ! head ( ! 'g5s togata2' ( ! ',s5atus ,populusque ,romanus4' ,9 him ,rome has ris5 aga9 out ( h] grave1 to awe ! peoples once m by ! ,romani nom9is umbra2 & to f\nd a new ,empire2 n z be=e1 on physical =ce1 & ! awe ( visible p[]2 b on ! deep] & m endur+ gr\nd ( spiritual =ce1 & ! awe ( ! invisible _w4 ,an ,empire1 ,i say4 ,! ,popes 7 becom+1 f ! #e? to ! #h? c5turies1 n m]ely ! lords ( ,rome1 b ! lords ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,_! spiritual ,empire1 to d !m ju/ice1 0 n s mu* delib]ately s\ght by !m1 z ?ru/ ^u !m4 ,z ! cl]gy 71 all ov] ! ,empire1 ! repres5tatives ( ! d[n-trodd5 ,romans1 s !y naturally gravitat$ t[>d ! ,et]nal ,city1 _! anci5t mi/ress4 ,l all discipl9$ & organiz$ bodies !y felt ! ne$ ( unity1 ( mon>*y4 ,:]e c\ld !y f9d x1 save at ,rome8 ,rome 0 /ill1 practically & 9 fact1 ! f\nta9 ( _! doctr9e1 ( _! sup]ior civilization2 & to submit !mselves to ! ,pope ( ,rome 0 _! only means ( keep+ up "o fai?1 "o practice1 & ! /r5g? :i* comes f union4 ,to seat ! ,pope ^u ! ?rone ( ! ,caes>s2 to attribute to him p[]s weighti] ?an all :i* ! ,caes>s _h posse/ 4 4 4 ,x 0 a magnific5t idea4 ,a politic idea1 too2 = x w\ld cov] ! prie/hood ) all ! pre/ige ( anci5t ,rome1 & enable !m to face ! b>b>ian 9 ! "n ( t great p ^: v memory /ill aw$ him2 ^: ba?s1 aqu$ucts1 palaces1 he look$ on z ! "w ( demons2 ^: sages & poets 7 to him en*ant]s2 ^: v gems1 dug out ( ! ru9s by night1 9 fe> & trembl+1 posse/ magic influ5ce = heal+1 = pres]vation1 = good =tune 9 peace or w>4 ,politic2 & 9 _! eyes1 true4 ,easy en\gh to be believ$ hone/ly1 by m5 :o already believ$ hone/ly 9 _! own div9e mission4 ,!y 7 ! repres5tatives ( ,*ri/ on e>?4 ,( t fact !re c\ld be !n1 or c be n[1 no d\bt :atsoev]4 ,:atsoev] tru?1 light1 righte\sness1 !re 0 9 ! ,we/1 came to x ?r\gh !m4 ,& ,*ri/ 0 ! ,k+ ( k+s4 ,b ,he delay$ 8 com+3 at mom5ts1 ,he seem$ to h des]t$ ! e>?1 & left mank9d to te> itself 9 pieces1 ) wild w> & misrule4 ,b x c\ld n be s4 ,if ,*ri/ 7 abs5t1 ,he mu/ at lea/ h left an au?ority beh9d ,him to occupy till ,he came2 a head & rul] = 8 oppre/ & di/ract$ ,*ur*4 ,& :o c\ld t be1 if n ! ,pope ( ,rome8 ,x ought to be s4--,x mu/ be s--?\ght !y4 ,& to m5 9 t mood1 pro(s t x 0 s soon came to h&1 & accumulat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation2 till ! ,pope at la/ f\nd himself proclaim+1 & :at 0 m1 believ+1 t ,god _h giv5 ! :ole _w to ,/4 ,pet]1 & ?r\gh ,/4 ,pet] to him2 & t he 0 ! only s\rce ( p[]1 law1 k+%ip1 :o c\ld set up & pull d[n :om he w\ld1 z ! viceg]5t ( ,god on e>?4 ,su* pret5sions1 ( c\rse1 grew b sl[ly4 ,x 0 n1 ,i believe1 till ! ye> #hge1 #ahj ye>s aft] ! "t ( :i* ,i am speak+1 t ,pope ,john ,,viii4 di/9ctly ass]t$ 8 "r1 z repres5tative ( ! anci5t ,roman ,empire1 to create ! ,caes>2 & in=m$ ! ,synod ( ,pavia t he _h 'elect$ & approv$ ,*>les ! ,bald1 ) ! cons5t ( 8 bro!rs ! bi%ops1 ( ! o!r m9i/]s ( ! ,holy ,roman ,*ur*1 &' 7significant1 ?\gh empty words7 '( ! ,roman s5ate & p4' ,at ! "t ( :i* ,i speak1 ! p[] 0 /ill 9 embryo1 gr[+1 ?r\gh _m /ruggles3 b gr[+ surely & /rongly1 & de/9$ spe$ily to av5ge ! fall ( ,rome on ! simple b>b>ians :o 7 te>+ ea* o!r to pieces ov] h] spoils4 ,x is n easy to expla9 ! la/+ & h]$it>y hatr$ ( ! ,popes to ! ,lomb>ds4 ,its orig9 is simple en\gh3 b n s its cont9uance4 ,:y !y %\ld be nef&issimi 9 ! eyes ( ,pope ,gregory ! ,great "o sees3 b :y #ajj ye>s aft]w>ds1 !y %\ld be /ill nef&issimi1 & 'non dic5da g5s ,langob>dorum1' n to be call$ a nation1 is puzzl+4 ,at fir/1 ( c\rse1 ! ,pope c\ld only look on !m z a fre% horde ( b>b>\s conqu]ors2 half hea!n1 half ,arian4 ,_! virtu\s & loyal life )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,albo9's conque/s--( :i* ,paulus ,diaconus says1 t viol5ce & trea*]y 7 unkn[n--t no "o oppress$1 no "o plund]$--t ! travell] w5t :]e he w\ld 9 p]fect safety--all ?is w\ld be hid f ! ,pope by ! pla9 fact1 t !y 7 cont9ually enl>g+ _! fronti] t[>d ,rome2 t !y _h f\nd$ two half-indep5d5t ,duk$oms ( ,b5ev5tum & ,spoleto1 t ,au?>is _h swept ov] ,s\? ,italy1 & ridd5 8 horse into ! sea at ,reggio1 to /rike ) 8 lance a column 9 ! waves1 & cry1 ',"h ends ! ,lomb>d k+dom4' ,! ,pope 7,gregory ! ,great ,i am speak+ (7 c\ld only recollect1 aga91 t dur+ ! lawless int]regnum be=e ,au?>is' coronation1 ! indep5d5t ,lomb>d dukes _h plund]$ *ur*es & mona/]ies1 sla9 ! cl]gy1 & de/roy$ ! p1 :o _h 'gr[n up aga9 l corn4' ,b z ye>s roll$ on1 ^! ,arian ,lomb>ds _h become good ,ca?olics2 & t 9 ! lifetime ( ,gregory ! ,great4 ,!odel9da1 ! ,bav>ian pr9cess1 %e to :om ,au?>is _h gone 9 disguise to h] fa!r's c\rt1 & only confess$ himself at 8 dep>ture1 by ris+ 9 8 /irrups1 & bury+ 8 battle-axe 9 a tree /em ) ! cry1 ',?us smites ,au?>is ! ,lomb>d1'--?is ,!odel9da1 ,i say1 _h m>ri$ aft] 8 dea? ,agilwulf 8 c\s91 & made him k+ ( ! ,lomb>ds4 ,%e 0 a ,ca?olic2 & ?r\gh h] ,gregory ! ,great conv]t$ ,au?>is1 & ! ,lomb>d nation4 ,to h] he address$ ^? fam\s dialogues ( 81 full alike ( true piety & e>ne/ness1 & ( *ildi% sup]/ition4 ,b 9 judg+ !m & him we mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t ^! ,lomb>ds became at lea/ by 8 means ,ca?olics1 & t ,arians w\ld h believ$ 9 ! sup]/itions j z mu* z ,ca?olics4 ,& x is surely bett] to believe a great tru?1 plus c]ta9 mi/akes :i* d n affect x 9 ! lea/1 ?an a great lie1 plus ! v same mi/akes likewise4 ,:i* is be/1 to believe t ! road to ,london lies ?r\gh ,bi%op/ort=d1 & t !re are dog-head$ m5 on ! road3 or t x lies ?r\gh ,ed9burgh1 b t !re are dog-head$ m5 on t road too8 ,!odel9da _h built at ,modicaea1 twelve miles above ,milan1 a fair basilica to ,john ! ,bapti/1 enri*$ by h] & ! ,lomb>d k+s & dukes1 'cr[ns1 crosses1 gold5 tables adorn$ ) em]alds1 hyac9?s1 amb]1 c>buncles & pe>ls1 gold & silv] alt>-clo?s1 & t admirable cup ( sapphire1' all :i* rema9$ till ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,!re1 too1 0 ! fam\s iron cr[n ( ,lomb>dy1 :i* ,au/ria /ill claims z h] own2 s call$ f a ?9 r+ ( iron ins]t$ 9 x1 made f a nail ( ! true cross :i* ,gregory _h s5t ,agilwulf2 j z he s5t ,*ildeb]t1 ! ,franki% k+1 "s fil+s ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *a9s2 :i* h[ev]1 he says1 did n always all[ _! sacr$ selves to be fil$4 ,9 return1 ,agilwulf _h re/or$ ! *ur*-prop]ty :i* he _h plund]$1 _h re9/at$ ! bi%ops2 & :y did n all g well8 ,:y are ^! ,lomb>ds /ill ! mo/ wick$ ( m58 ,aga91 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury came ! days ( ! good ,luitpr&1 'wise & pi\s1 a lov] ( peace1 & mighty 9 w>2 m]ciful to (f5d]s1 *a/e & mode/1 in/ant 9 pray]1 b\ntiful 9 alms1 equal to ! philosoph]s1 ?\gh he knew no lett]s1 a n\ri%] ( 8 p1 an augm5t] ( ! laws4' ,he x 01 :o1 :5 he _h qu>rell$ ) ,pope ,gregory ,,ii41 & m>*$ on ,rome1 0 /opp$ at ! ,gates ( ! ,vatican by ! ,pontiff's pray]s & ?reats4 ,& a sacr$ awe fell on him2 & humbly ent]+ ,/4 ,pet]'s1 he wor%ipp$ !re1 & laid on ! ,apo/le's tomb 8 royal arms1 8 silv] cross & cr[n ( gold1 & )draw+ 8 army1 w5t home aga9 9 peace4 ,b :y 7 ?is great k+'s good de$s t[>ds ! ,pope & ! ,ca?olic fai? rew>d$1 by :at we c only call dete/able intrigue & trea*]y8 ,aga92 ,leo ! ,iconocla/ ,emp]or de/roy$ ! holy images 9 ! ,ea/1 & s5t comm&s to ! ,ex>* ( ,rav5na to de/roy !m 9 we/]n ,italy4 ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 repli$ by r5\nc+ allegiance to ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople2 & by two fam\s lett]s :i* are /ill pres]v$2 9 :i* he tells ! ,iconocla/ ,emp]or1 t1 'if he w5t r\nd ! gramm>-s*ools at ,rome1 ! *ildr5 w\ld ?r[ _! horn-books at 8 head 4 4 4 t he implor$ ,*ri/ to s5d ! ,emp]or a devil1 = ! de/ruction ( 8 body & ! salvation ( 8 s\l 4 4 4 t if he attempt$ to de/roy ! images 9 ,rome1 ! pontiff w\ld take refuge ) ! ,lomb>ds1 & !n he might z well *ase ! w9d t ! ,popes 7 ! m$iators ( peace betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/1 & t ! eyes ( ! nations 7 fix$ on ! ,pope's humility1 & ador$ z a ,god on e>? ! apo/le ,/4 ,pet]4 ,& t ! pi\s ,b>b>ians1 k9dl$ into rage1 ?ir/$ to av5ge ! p]secution ( ! ,ea/4' ,!n ,luitpr& took up ! cause ( ! ,pope & 8 images1 & ( ! mob1 :o 7 furi\s at ! loss ( _! idols2 & m>*$ on ,rav5na1 :i* op5$ h] gates to him1 s t he became ma/] ( ! :ole ,p5tapolis2 & image-wor%ip1 to :i* "s pla9spok5 p give a h>%] "n1 0 sav$ = ev] & a day 9 ,italy4 ,:y did ,gregory ,,ii4 9 return1 call 9 ,orso1 ! fir/ ,v5etian ,doge1 to expel f ,rav5na ! v ,luitpr& :o _h f\ght 8 battles = him1 & to re/ore t ,ex>*ate ( ,rav5na1 ( :i* x 0 confess$1 t its civil qu>rels1 misrule1 & extortions1 made x ! mo/ mis]able gov]nm5t 9 ,italy8 ,& :y did he ent] into secret negotiations ) ! ,franks to come & invade ,italy8 ,aga91 :5 ,luitpr& want$ to r$uce ! du*ies ( ,b5ev5tum & ,spoleto1 :i* he consid]$ z rebels aga9/ him1 _! feudal suz]a92 :y did ! next ,pope1 ,gregory ,,iii41 aga9 s5d ov] ! ,alps to ,*>les ,m>tel to come & invade ,italy1 & deliv] ! ,*ur* & ,*ri/'s p f ru98 ,& :o 7 ^! ,franks1 ! ance/ors ( t magnific5t1 b pr(ligate ari/ocracy ^: de/ruction our gr&fa!rs beheld 9 #agic8 ,i h purposely ab/a9$ f describ+ !m1 till !y appe> ^u ! /age ( ,italy1 & take "p 9 h] =tunes--:i* 7 !n ! =tunes ( ! _w4 ,!y appe> fir/ on ! ,roman fronti] 9 ,a4,d4 #bda1 & f t "t are nev] at re/ till !y h conqu]$ ! nor? ( ,gaul4 ,!y are suppos$ 7) reason7 n to h be5 a race or tribe at all2 b a conf$]ation ( w>riors1 :o 7 simply ',frank51' 'free2' 'free companions1' or 'free lances1' z !y w\ld h be5 call$ a few c5turies lat]2 :o recruit$ !mselves f any & e tribe :o w\ld jo9 !m 9 w> & plund]4 ,if ?is 0 ! case2 if !y _h ?r[n away1 z adv5tur]s1 mu* ( ! old ,teutonic respect = law1 = ! royal races1 = family life1 = ! sacr$ bonds ( k9dr$1 _m ( _! peculi>ities are expla9$4 ,falsehood1 brutality1 lawlessness1 ignorance1 & cruelty to ! conqu]$ ,romans1 7 _! special s9s2 :ile _! special1 & inde$ only virtue1 0 t indomitable d>+ :i* !y transmitt$ to _! desc5dants = s _m hundr$ ye>s4 ,! buccane]s ( ! "y _w1 !y 7 ins5sible to all influ5ces save t ( sup]/ition4 ,!y _h become1 "u ,clovis1 or?odox ,*ri/ians3 b _! conv]sion1 to judge f ! notori\s facts ( hi/ory1 work$ little improvem5t on _! morals4 ,! pages ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs are comp>able1 = dre>y monotony ( horrors1 only to ^? ( ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,pyrates4 ,b1 z ,m4 ,sismondi well rem>ks1 _! v ignorance & brutality made !m ! m easily ! tools ( ! ,roman cl]gy3 ',cette haute v5]ation p\r l',eglise1 et leur sev]e or?odoxie1 d'autant plus facile a cons]v] que1 ne faisant aucune etude1 et ne disputant jamais sur la foi1 ils ne connaissai5t pas meme les que/ions controv]sees1 leur donn]5t dans le cl]ge de puissants auxiliaires4 ,les ,francs se montr]5t disposes a hair les ,ari5s1 a les combattres1 et les dep\ill] sans les ent5dre2 les eveques1 en ret\r1 ne se montr]5t pas scrupuleux sur le re/e des enseignem5ts moraux de la religion3 ils f]m]5t les yeux sur les viol5ces1 le meurtre1 le d]eglem5t des moeurs2 ils autoris]5t en quelque sorte publiquem5t la poligamie1 et ils pre*]5t le droit div9 des rois et le devoir le l'obeissance p\r les peuples #bgi4' ,a pa9ful picture ( ! alliance3 b1 ,i fe>1 too true4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! ,franks y mu/ read = y\rselves4 ,y w f9d x well told 9 ! pages ( ,sismondi1 & 9 ,mr4 ,p]ry's excell5t book1 ',! ,franks4' ,x suffices n[ to say1 t 9 ! days ( ,luitpr& ^! ,franks1 aft] c5turies ( confusion & blood%$1 h be5 unit$ into "o great nation1 /ret*+ f ! ,rh9e to ! ,loire & ! sea1 & encroa*+ cont9ually to ! s\?w>d & ea/w>d4 ,! gov]nm5t has long pass$ out ( ! h&s ( _! fa9eant ,me]w+ k+s into t ( ! semi-h]$it>y ,majores ,domus1 or ,mayors ( ! ,palace2 & ,*>les ,m>tel1 p]haps ! greate/ ( t race ( great m51 has j made himself mayor ( ,au/rasia 7! real ,teutonic c5tre ( ,frank life & p[]71 ,neu/ria & ,burgundy4 ,he has cru%$ ,eudo1 ! duke ( ,romaniz$ ,aquita9e1 & has f9ally deliv]$ ,france & ,*ri/5dom f ! invad+ ,s>ac5s4 ,on 8 ,franks1 & on ! ,lomb>ds ( ,italy1 re/1 = ! mom5t1 ! de/9ies ( ,europe4 ,= mean:ile ano!r port5t has appe>$1 ?is "t out ( ! f> ,ea/4 ,ano!r sw>m ( de/roy]s has swept ov] ! e>?4 ,! wild ,arabs ( ! des]t1 awak5+ into sudd5 life & civilization "u ! influ5ce ( a new cre$1 h ov]:elm$ ! :ole ,ea/1 ! :ole nor? ( ,africa1 de/roy+ ! la/ relics ( ,roman & ,greek civilization1 & ) !m ! effete & semi-idolatr\s ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,empire4 ,all ! "w ( ,n>ses & ,belis>ius is undone4 ,arab ,emirs rule 9 ! old k+dom ( ! ,v&als4 ,! new human deluge has cross$ ! ,/raits into ,europe4 ,! ,visigo?s1 en]vat$ by ! luxuri\s climate ( ,spa91 h recoil$ be=e ! ,mussulman invad]s4 ,rod]ick1 ! la/ k+ ( ! ,go?s1 is w&]+ z an unkn[n p5it5t 9 expiation ( 8 s9 aga9/ ! fair ,cava1 :i* br\ght d[n 7s leg5ds & ballads tell7 ! sc\rge ( ,god ^u ! hapless l&2 & ! remnants ( ! old ,visigo?s & ,sueves are cru%$ toge!r into ! m\nta9 fa/nesses ( ,a/urias & ,gallicia1 !nce to reissue1 aft] long c5turies1 z ! noble ,spani% nation1 wr\ght 9 ! =ges ( adv]sity into ! lik5ess ( temp]$ /eel2 & de/9$ to reconqu]1 foot by foot1 _! native l& f ! ,moslem invad]4 ,b at pres5t ! ,cresc5t 0 ma/] ( ! ,cross2 & beyond ! ,pyr5ees all 0 slav]y & 'miscreance4' ,! ,arabs1 invad+ ,france 9 #gcb1 9 c\ntless ?\s&s1 _h be5 driv5 back at ! great fight ( ,t\rs1 ) a slaught] s great1 t ! excit$ imag9ation ( ,paulus ,diaconus sees #cge1jjj miscreants dead ^u ! field1 :ile only #aejj ,franks _h p]i%$4 ,b home tr\bles _h prev5t$ '! ,hamm] ( ! ,moors' f foll[+ up 8 victory4 ,! ,s>ac5s _h return$ 9 =ce 9 #gcg1 & aga9 9 #gci4 ,!y /ill held ,n>bonne4 ,! dang] 0 imm95t4 ,!re 0 no reason :y !y %\ld n attempt a ?ird invasion4 ,:y %\ld !y n spread along ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 e/abli%+ !mselves !re1 z !y 7 already do+ 9 ,sicily1 & m5ac+ ,rome f nor? z well z s\?8 ,to unite1 !re=e1 ! two great ,ca?olic ,teutonic p[]s1 ! ,frank & ! ,lomb>d1 = ! def5ce ( ,*ri/5dom1 %\ld h be5 ! policy ( him :o call$ himself ! ,*ief ,pontiff 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,yet ! ,pope pref]r$1 9 ! face ( t great dang]1 to set ! ,teutonic nations on de/roy+ ea* o!r1 r ?an to unite !m aga9/ ! ,moslem4 ,! bribe (f]$ to ! ,frank 0 significant--! title ( ,roman ,consul2 beside :i* he 0 to h fil+s ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *a9s1 & ! key ( 8 tomb1 to pres]ve him body & s\l f all evil4 ,*>les w\ld n come4 ,frank ?\gh he 01 he 0 too hon\rable to m>* at a prie/'s bidd+ aga9/ ,luitpr&1 8 old bro!r 9 arms1 to :om he _h s5t ! boy ,pep91 8 son1 t ,luitpr& might take him on 8 knee1 & cut 8 long royal hair1 & become 8 fa!r-9-arms1 aft] ! good old ,teuton fa%ion2 ,luitpr&1 :o ) 8 ,lomb>ds _h help$ him to save ,*ri/5dom a second "t f ! ,mussulman 9 #gcg4 ,! ,pope1 "o w\ld ?9k1 %\ld h rememb]$ t good de$ ( ! good ,lomb>d's :]e( 8 epitaph s+s1 ',de9ceps tremu]e f]oces ,usque ,s>ac5i1 quos dispulit impig]1 ipsos ,cum prem]5t ,gallos1 ,k>olo posc5te juv>i4' ,s ,*>les ,m>tel took ! title ( ,patrician f ! ,pope1 b s5t him no armies2 & ! qu>rel w5t on2 :ile ,*>les fill$ up ! measure ( 8 iniquity by m$dl+ ) t *ur*-prop]ty 9 ,gaul :i* 8 sword _h sav$ f ! hordes ( ! ,s>ac5s2 & is n[1 z ,/4 ,eu*]ius 7or ,bi%op ,h9cm>7 saw 9 a vision1 wri?+ !re=e 9 ! l[e/ abyss ( hell4 ,s "o g5]ation m passes by2 & !n ,pep9 le ,bref1 gr[n to manhood1 is less scrupul\s ?an 8 fa!r4 ,he is b\nd to ! ,pope by gratitude4 ,! ,pope has confirm$ him z k+1 all[+ him to depose ! royal h\se ( ! ,m]ov+ians1 & s assum$ ! "r ( mak+ k+s4--,a "r :i* future popes w n =get4 ,mean:ile ! ,pope has p]suad$ ! ,lomb>d k+ ,ra*is to g into a mona/]y4 ,a/ulf seizes ! cr[n1 & attacks ,rav5na4 ,! ,pope succe$+1 ,/eph5 ,,iii41 opposes him2 & he m>*es on ,rome1 ?reat5+ to assault x1 unless ! citiz5s r$eem _! lives by a poll-tax4 ,/eph5 det]m9es to g himself to ,pep9 to ask = help3 & s awful has ! "n & p]son ( a ,pope become1 t he is all[$ to d x2 all[$ to pass safely & un>m$ ?r\gh ! v l& ^u :i* he is go+ to let loose all ! horrors ( invad+ w>f>e4 ,x is a /range1 & in/ructive figure1 t4 ,! dread ( ! unse51 ! fe> ( spiritual p[]1 has fall5 on ! wild ,teutons2 on ,frank & on ,lomb>d alike4 ,! ,pope & 8 cl]gy are to !m magicians1 aga9/ :om nei!r sword nor lance avails2 :o c heal ! sick & bla/ ! s\nd2 :o c call to _! aid out ( ! cl\ds t pan!on ( demi- gods1 ) :i*1 "u ! "n ( sa9ts1 !y h peopl$ heav52 :o c let loose on !m ! legions ( fi5ds :o dwell 9 e cave1 e =e/1 e ru91 e cl\d2 :o c1 by ! s5t5ce ( excommunication1 de/roy bo? body & s\l 9 hell4 ,!y 7 v lo? to fe> ,god1 ^! wild ,teutons2 !re=e !y _h in/ead1 z all m5 h :o w n fe> ,god1 to fe> ! devil4 ,s ,pope ,/eph5 goes to ,pep91 ! elde/ son ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he promises to come ) all 8 ,franks4 ,/eph5's consci5ce seems to h be5 t\*$3 he tries to h no fight+1 only negotiation3 b x is too late n[4 ,a/olf w he> ( no t]ms2 ,pep9 sweeps ov] ! ,alps1 & at ! gates ( ,pavia dictates 8 own t]ms to ! ,lomb>ds4 ,! old ,lomb>d _s seems to h pa/ away4 ,pep9 goes back aga91 & ,a/olf refuses to fulfil 8 promises4 ,! ,pope s5ds ,pep9 t lett] f ,/4 ,pet] himself ) :i* ?is lecture comm5c$4 ,a/olf has m>*$ d[n1 z we he>d1 to ! walls ( ,rome1 lay+ ! l& wa/e2 cutt+ d[n ! v9es1 c>ry+ (f consecrat$ vessels1 insult+ ! sacram5t ( ! alt>4 ,! ,lomb>ds h violat$ nuns2 & tri$ to kill !m1 ! ,pope says2 ?\gh1 if !y _h really tri$1 "o _c see :y !y %\ld n h succe$$4 ,9 fact1 ,pope ,/eph5's hy/]ical orations to ,pep9 mu/ be receiv$ ) extreme caution4 ,no ,ca?olic hi/orian ( t age c>es to exam9e ! tru? ( a fact :i* makes = him2 no?+ is too bad to say ( an enemy3 & really ! man :o w\ld =ge a lett] f ,/4 ,pet] might d>e to tell a few less] falsehoods into ! b>ga94 ,pep9 _c b obey s augu/ a summons2 & aga9 he is 9 ,italy1 & ! ,lomb>ds d>e n resi/ him4 ,he seizes n only all t ,a/olf _h tak5 f ! ,pope1 b ! ,p5tapolis & ,ex>*ate1 ! prop]ty1 if ( any "o1 ( ! ,greek ,emp]ors1 & be/[s !m on ,/eph51 ! ,pope1 & '! holy ,roman ,republic4' ,! pope's commission]s receiv$ ! keys ( ! t[ns1 :i* 7 plac$ ^u ! alt> ( ,/4 ,pet]2 & ?is1 ! ,dotation ( ,pep91 ! ,dotation ( ! ,ex>*ate1 0 ! fir/ legal temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,popes3--born 9 s91 & conceiv$ 9 iniquity1 z y may see4 ,! ,lomb>d rule n[ broke up rapidly4 ,! ,lomb>ds ( ,spoleto yield$ to ! d\ble pressure ( ,franks & ,romans1 ask$ to be 'tak5 into ! s]vice ( ,/4 ,pet]1' & clipt _! long ,g]man locks aft] ! ,roman fa%ion4 ,*>lemagne1 9 8 f9al invasion1 _h little left to d4 ,he confirm$ ,pep9's gift1 & ev51 ?\gh he h>dly kept 8 promise1 enl>g$ x to include ! :ole ( ,italy1 f ,lomb>dy to ! fronti] ( ,naples1 :ile he himself became k+ ( ,lomb>dy1 & won ! iron cr[n4 ,& s by ,fr5* armies--n = ! la/ "t--0 ! ,pope propt up on 8 ill-gott5 ?rone4 ,b ! m]e support ( ,fr5* armies 0 n en\gh to seat ! ,pope securely ^u ! ?rone ( ! we/]n ,caes>s4 ,docum5t>y evid5ce 0 requir$ to prove t !y possess$ ,rome1 n z ! vassals ( ! ,franki% ,kais]s1 or ( any b>b>ian ,teutons :atsoev]2 b 9 _! own "r1 z h]$it>y sov]eigns ( ,rome4 ,& ! docum5ts1 :5 ne$$1 7 =?com+4 ,"u ! "n ( ,/4 ,isidore1 "s ready scribe produc$ ! too-fam\s ',decretals1' & ! ',donation ( ,con/ant9e1' & ,pope ,adrian ,i4 saw no reason aga9/ publi%+ !m to ,*>lemagne & to ! _w4 ,x 0 discov]$ sudd5ly1 by means ( ^! rem>kable docum5ts1 t ,con/ant9e ! ,great _h be5 heal$ ( leprosy1 & aft]w>ds baptiz$1 by ,pope ,sylve/]2 t he _h1 9 gratitude = 8 cure1 resign$ to ! ,popes 8 we/]n ?rone1 & ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & ! sov]eignty ( ,italy & ! ,we/2 & t ?is 0 ! true reason ( 8 hav+ f\nd$ ,con/ant9ople1 z a new seat ( gov]nm5t = ! remnant ( 8 empire4 ,?is a/\nd+ falsehood 01 ( c\rse1 accept$ humbly by ! unlett]$ ,teutons2 & did its "w well1 = c5turies to come4 ,x is said--,i tru/ n truly--to be /ill enroll$ among ! decrees ( ! ,canon law1 ?\gh reprobat$ by all enlight5$ ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,be t z x may1 on ! /r5g? ( ?is docum5t ! ,popes began to assume an all b despotic sov]eignty ov] ! we/]n _w1 &--! ,teutonic peoples1 & ,rome's conque/ ( h] conqu]ors 0 at la/ complete4 ,:at !n 7 ! causes ( ! ,papal hatr$ ( a race :o 7 good & dev\t ,ca?olics = ! la/ #bjj ye>s ( _! rule8 ,!re 7 deep political reasons 79 ! /ricte/1 & ,i am afraid l[e/ s5se ( ! ^w72 b ov] & above !m !re 7 evid5tly moral reasons1 :i* lay ev5 deep] /ill4 ,a free1 pla9-spok51 practical race l ^! ,lomb>ds2 liv+ by _! own laws2 disbeliev+ 9 wit*craft2 & seem+ly do+ little = mona/icism1 7 n likely to f9d fav\r 9 ! eyes ( popes4 ,!y 7 n ! mat]ial :i* ! ,papacy c\ld m\ld into ! ,neapolitan ideal ( ',little sa9ts1--& little asses4' ,^! ,lomb>ds 7 n a sup]/iti\s race2 !y did n1 l ! ,franks & ,anglo-,saxons1 cr[d into mona/]ies4 ,i c only f9d f\r in/ances ( ,lomb>d sov]eigns f\nd+ mona/]ies 9 all ,paulus' hi/ory4 ,"o ( !m1 /rangely en\gh1 is t ( ! v ,a/ulf aga9/ :om ! ,pope fulm9at$ s l\dly ! lett] f ,/4 ,pet] :i* ,i read y4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be said 9 all fairness--! ,lomb>ds despis$ ! ,romans exce$+ly4 ,s did all ! ,teutons4 ',we ,lomb>ds1' says ,bi%op ,luitpr&1 ',saxons1 ,franks1 ,lorra9]s1 ,bav>ians1 ,sueves1 ,burgunds1 consid] x a suffici5t insult to call our enemy a ,roman2 compreh5d+ 9 t "o "n ( ,roman1 :atev] is ignoble1 c[>dly1 av>ici\s1 luxuri\s1 false1 9 a ^w1 e vice4' ,if ?is 0--z x v probably 0--! feel+ ( ! :ole ,teutonic race2 & if x 0 repaid--z x c]ta9ly 0--on ! "p ( ! ,roman1 by contempt = ! 'b>b>ism' & 'ignorance' ( ! ,teuton2 :at mu/ h be5 ! feel+ betwe5 ,roman & ,lomb>d8 ,contact mu/ h embitt]$ mutual contempt into an utt] & int]nec9e hatr$1 9 :i* ! ,pope1 z repres5tative ( ! ,roman p1 c\ld n b %>e4 ,z = ! political reasons1 !y are cle> en\gh4 ,x is absurd to say t !y wi%$ to free ,italy f ,lomb>d tyrants4 ,:at did !y d b h& h] ov] to ,franki% tyrants in/ead8 ,no4 ,! true reason 0 ?is4 ,gradually !re _h aris5 9 ! m9d ( all ,popes1 f ,gregory ! ,great onw>d1 ! idea ( a spiritual supremacy1 indep5d5t ( all k+s ( ! e>?4 ,x 0 a great idea1 z ! ev5t prov$3 x 0 a b5efic5t "o = ,europe2 b a ru9\s "o = ,italy4 ,= ! ,popes 7 n cont5t ) spiritual p[]4 ,!y c\ld n conceive ( x z sep>at$ f temporal p[]1 & temporal p[] meant l&4 ,h[ e>ly !y set _! he>ts on ! ,ex>*ate ( ,rav5na1 we %all nev] "k3 ! fact is pat5t1 t x 0 a ,nabo?'s v9ey>d to !m2 & t to obta9 x !y call$ 9 ! ,franks4 ,_! dread 01 evid5tly1 le/ ! ,lomb>ds %\ld become ma/]s ( ! :ole ( ,italy4 ,a unit$ ,italy suit$ _! views !n1 no m ?an x does n[4 ,n only did !y conceive ( ,rome z /ill ! c5tre ( ! we/]n _w1 b m1 _! /ock 9 trade 0 at ,rome4 ,! *a9s ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ! sepul*res ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 ! catacombs fill$ ) ! bones ( innum]able m>tyrs2--^! 7 _! /ock 9 trade4 ,by giv+ ^!1 sell+ ^!1 work+ miracles ) ^!1 call+ pilgrims f all p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom to visit ^! 9 situ1 !y kept up _! p[] & _! weal?4 ,i d n accuse !m ( misus+ t p[] & t weal? 9 ^? days4 ,!y us$ !m1 on ! contr>y1 bett] ?an p[] & weal? _h be5 ev] us$ 9 ! _w be=e4 ,b !y 7 dep5d5t on ! sanctity atta*$ to a p>ticul> spot2 & any p[]1 :i*1 l ! ,lomb>d1 t5d$ to give ,italy ano!r c5tre ?an ,rome1 !y dread$ & dislik$4 ,t ,lomb>d basilica1 ne> ,milan1 ) all its treasures1 mu/ h be5 9 _! eyes1 a =midable rival4 ,/ill m frightful mu/ x h be5 to !m to see ,a/ulf1 :5 he encamp$ be=e ! walls ( ,rome1 se>*+ = m>tyrs' relics1 & c>ry+ !m (f to ,milan4 ,t1 z a fact1 seems to h be5 ! excit+ cause ( ,/eph5's j\rney to ,pep94 ,?is ,a/ulf 0 a good ,ca?olic4 ,he f\nd$ a nunn]y1 & put 8 own daught]s 9 x4 ,:at c\ld a man d m m]itori\s 9 ! eyes ( ! ,pope8 ,b he took away ! l&s ( ! ,*ur*1 & worse1 ! relics1 ! res]v$ capital by :i* ! ,*ur* pur*as$ l&s4 ,?is 0 inde$ a crime only to be expiat$ by ! horrors ( a ,frank invasion4 ,on ! same pr9ciple ! ,popes support$ ! ,ex>*s ( ,rav5na1 & ! indep5d5t du*ies ( ,spoleto & ,b5ev5tum4 ,well or ill rul$1 ,iconocla/ or n1 !y 7 necess>y to keep ,italy divid$ & weak4 ,& hav+ obta9$ :at !y want$ f ,pep9 & ,*>lemagne1 x 0 /ill _! int]e/ to pursue ! same policy2 to comp\nd = _! own indep5d5ce1 z !y did ) ,*>lemagne & 8 successors1 by def5d+ ! pret5ces ( =eign k+s to ! sov]eignty ( ! re/ ( ,italy4 ,?is has be5 _! policy = c5turies4 ,x is _! policy /ill2 & t policy has be5 ! curse ( ,italy4 ,?is fatal gift ( ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]--z ,dante saw--z ,ma*iavelli saw1--z all cle>-sight$ ,italians h se51--z we are see+ x n[ 9 ^! v days--has kept h] divid$1 torn by civil w>s1 conqu]$ & reconqu]$ by =eign invad]s4 ,unable1 z a celibate ecclesia/ic1 to =m 8 dom9ions into a /rong h]$it>y k+dom2 unable1 z ! hi]ophant ( a prie/ly ca/e1 to unite 8 p 9 ! bonds ( national life2 unable1 z ,borgia tri$ to d1 to conqu] ! re/ ( ,italy = himself2 & =m x into a k+dom l>ge en\gh to h weight 9 ! balance ( p[]2 ! ,pope has be5 =c$1 aga9 & aga91 to keep himself on 8 ?rone by intrigu+ ) =eign pr9ces1 & call+ 9 =eign arms2 & ! bane ( ,italy1 f ! "t ( ,/eph5 ,,iii4 to t ( ,pius ,,ix41 has be5 ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope4 ,b on ! popes1 also1 ! ,nemesis came4 ,9 build+ _! p[] on ! ,roman relics1 on ! fable t ,rome 0 ! patrimony ( ,pet]1 !y _h built on a lie2 & t lie av5g$ itself4 ,_h !y be5 indep5d5t ( ! locality ( ,rome2 _h !y be5 really spiritual emp]ors1 by becom+ cosmopolitan1 j\rney+1 x may be1 f nation to nation 9 regul> progresses1 !n _! p[] might h be5 z b\ndless z !y ev] desir$ x %\ld be4 ,hav+ committ$ !mselves to ! false position ( be+ petty k+s ( a petty k+dom1 !y _h to endure cont9ual trea*]y & tyranny f _! =eign allies2 to see n m]ely ,italy1 b ,rome itself insult$1 & ev5 sack$1 by fai?ful ,ca?olics2 & to become m & m1 z ! c5turies roll$ on1 ! tools ( ^? v k+s :om !y _h wi%$ to make _! tools4 ,true1 !y def5d$ !mselves long1 & ) a/oni%+ skill & c\rage4 ,_! s\rces ( p[] 7 two1 ! moral1 & ! ?aumaturgic2 & !y us$ !m bo?3 b :5 ! =m] fail$1 ! latt] became useless4 ,z long z _! moral p[] 0 real2 z long z !y & _! cl]gy 7 on ! :ole1 9 spite ( enorm\s faults1 ! be/ m5 9 ,europe2 s long ! p believ$ 9 !m1 & 9 _! ?aumaturgic relics likewise4 ,b !y became by no means ! be/ m5 9 ,europe4 ,!n !y began to ?9k t aft] all x 0 m easy to "w ! mat]ial ?an ! moral p[]--easi] to "w ! bones ?an to "w righte\sness4 ,!y 7 deceiv$4 ,behold6 :5 ! righte\sness 0 gone1 ! bones refus$ to "w4 ,p began to "q ! virtues ( ! bones1 & to ask1 ,we c believe t ! bones may h work$ miracles = good m51 b = bad m58 ,we w exam9e :e!r !y "w any miracles at all4 ,& !n1 behold1 x came out t ! bones did n "w miracles1 & t possibly !y 7 n sa9ts' bones at all2 & !n ! /orm came3 & ! lie1 z all lies d1 puni%$ itself4 ,! salt _h lo/ its sav\r4 ,! ,teutonic intellect appeal$ f its old ma/]s to ,god1 & to ,god's univ]se ( facts1 & emancipat$ itself once & = all4 ,!y :o _h be5 ! light ( ,europe1 became its d>kness2 !y :o _h be5 fir/1 became la/2 a w>n+ to mank9d until ! end ( "t1 t on ,tru? & ,virtue dep5ds ! only abid+ /r5g?4 ,,lecture ,,xii--,,! ,,/rategy ,,( ,,provid5ce ,i no n "k :e!r any ( y "k mu* ( ! !ory ( w>4 ,i "k v little myself4 ,b some?+ ( x "o is b\nd to "k1 z ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory4 ,=1 un=tunately1 a l>ge portion ( ! hi/ory ( mank9d is ! hi/ory ( w>2 & ! hi/orian1 z a man :o wants to "k h[ ?+s 7 done--z di/9ct f ! philosoph]1 ! man :o wants to "k h[ ?+s ought to h be5 done--ought to "k a little ( ! fir/ ( human arts--! art ( kill+4 ,:at little ,i "k !re( ,i %all employ to-day1 9 expla9+ to y ! invasion ( ! ,teutons1 f a s-call$ me*anical po9t ( view4 ,i wi% to %ew y h[ x 0 possible = s small & unciviliz$ a p to conqu] "o s va/ & s civiliz$2 & :at circum/ances 7:i* y may attribute to :at cause y w3 b ,i to ,god7 enabl$ our race to conqu] 9 ! mo/ va/ & important campaign ! _w has ev] se54 ,i call x a campaign r ?an a w>4 ,?\gh x la/$ #bjj ye>s & m1 x seems to me 7x w1 ,i ?9k1 seem to y7 if y look at ! maps1 z b "o campaign3 ,i _h almo/ said1 "o battle4 ,!re is b "o problem to be solv$2 & !re=e ! op]ations ( our race take a sort ( unity4 ,! "q is1 h[ to take ,rome1 & keep x1 by de/roy+ ! ,roman ,empire4 ,let u consid] ! two combatants--_! numb]s1 & _! position4 ,"o glance at ! map w %ew y :i* are ! mo/ num]\s4 ,:5 y ca/ y\r eye ov] ! va/ness ( ! ,roman ,empire f ea/ to we/--,italy1 ,switz]l&1 half ,au/ria1 ,turkey & ,greece1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,syria1 ,egypt1 ,nor? ,africa1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,brita9--& !n comp>e x ) ! n>r[ ,g]man /rip :i* rea*es f ! m\? ( ! ,danube to ! m\? ( ! ,rh9e1 ! disp>ity ( area is enorm\s2 t5 times z great at lea/2 p]haps m1 if y accept1 z ,i am incl9$ to d1 ! !ory ( ,dr4 ,la?am1 t we 7 always ',m>km51' m5 ( ! ,m>*es1 occupy+ a n>r[ fronti] betwe5 ! ,slavs & ! ,roman ,empire2 & t ,tacitus has includ$ among ,g]mans1 f he>say1 _m tribes ( ! int]ior ( ,bohemia1 ,prussia1 & ,pol&1 :o 7 ,slavs or o!rs2 & t ! numb]s & area ( our race has be51 on ,tacitus' au?ority1 greatly ov]rat$4 ,:at !n 7 ! causes ( ! success ( ! ,teutons8 ,native c\rage & /r5g?8 ,!y _h ^!3 b y mu/ recollect :at ,i h told y1 t ^? v qualities 7 employ$ aga9/ !m2 t !y 7 hir$1 9 l>ge numb]s1 into ! ,roman armies1 to fight aga9/ _! own bro!rs4 ,unanimity8 ,( t1 alas6 "o c say b little4 ,! great ,teutonic army _h n only to fight ! ,romans1 b to fight ea* brigade ! brigade be=e x1 to make !m move on2 & ! brigade beh9d x likewise1 to prev5t _! m>*+ ov] !m2 :ile too (t5 two brigades qu>rell$ l *ildr51 & de/roy$ ea* o!r on ! spot4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! cause ( _! success8 ,i ?9k a great deal ( x mu/ be attribut$ to _! admirable milit>y position4 ,look at a map ( ,europe2 putt+ y\rself fir/ at ! po9t to be attack$--at ,rome1 & look+ nor?1 foll[ ! ,g]man fronti] f ! ,eux9e up ! ,danube & d[n ! ,rh9e4 ,x is a convex arc3 b n ne>ly z long z ! concave arc ( ! ,roman fronti] oppos$ to x4 ,! ,roman fronti] ov]laps x to ! nor?-we/ by all ,brita91 to ! s\?-we/ by "p ( ,turkey & ! :ole ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,t w\ld seem to make x weak1 & liable to be outflank$ on ei!r w+4 ,9 reality x made x /rong4 ,bo? ! ,g]man w+s re/$ on ! sea2 "o on ! ,eux9e1 "o on ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,t 9 itself w\ld n h giv5 /r5g?2 = ! ,roman fleets 7 ma/]s ( ! seas4 ,b ! l&s 9 ! re>1 on ei!r flank1 7 des]ts1 incapable ( support+ an army4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! fate ( a =ce l&$ at ! m\? ( ! ,wes] on ! nor?1 or at ! m\? ( ! ,dniep] at ! we/8 ,/>vation among wild moors1 & bogs1 & /eppes1 if !y attempt$ to leave _! base ( op]ations on ! coa/4 ,! ,romans saw ?is1 & nev] tri$ ! plan4 ,to def5d ! c5tre ( _! position 0 ! safe/ & easie/ plan4 ,look at ?is c5tre4 ,x is complicat$4 ,! ,roman position is gu>d$ by ! walls ( ,italy1 ! gigantic e>?work ( ! ,alps4 ,to /orm !m1 is impossible4 ,b "r & left ( !m1 ! ,g]man position has two rem>kable po9ts--/rategic po9ts1 :i* decid$ ! fate ( ! _w4 ,!y are two sali5t angles1 promontories ( ! ,g]man fronti]4 ,! "o is nor?-ea/ ( ,switz]l&2 ! ,allman c\ntry1 betwe5 ! head- wat]s ( ! ,danube & ! ,upp] ,rh9e1 ,basle is its apex4 ,m5tz its nor!rn po9t1 ,ratisbon its s\!rn4 ,t triangle encloses ! end ( ! ,s*w>tzwald2 ! ,black ,=e/ ( primaeval oak4 ,^? oaks h sav$ ,europe4 ,! advantages ( a sali5t angle ( t k9d1 9 invad+ an enemy's c\ntry1 are manife/4 ,y c break out on ei!r side1 & return at once into y\r own c\ntry on 'l9es ( int]ior op]ation2' :ile ! enemy has to m>* r\nd ! angle1 ?ree feet = y\r "o1 on 'l9es ( ext]ior op]ation4' ,! e>ly ,g]man invad]s saw t1 & bur/ aga9 & aga9 into ,gaul f t angle4 ,! ,romans saw x also 7admirable /rategi/s z !y 77 & built ,hadrian's wall "r across x1 f ! ,ma9e to ! ,danube1 to keep !m back4 ,& :y did n ,hadrian's wall keep !m back8 ,on acc\nt ( ! ,black ,=e/4 ,! ,roman nev] d>$ to face x2 to attempt to break our c5tre1 & to save ,italy by c>ry+ ! w> into ! he>t ( ,g]many4 ,!y knew 7:at ! invad]s ( ,engl& w discov] to _! co/7 t a close woodl& is a m =midable b>ri] ?an ! ,alps !mselves4 ,! ,black ,=e/1 ,i say1 0 ! key ( our position1 & sav$ our race4 ,f ?is sali5t angle1 & along ! :ole ,rh9e above x1 ! ,we/]n ,teutons c\ld ?r[ _! masses into ,gaul2 ,franks1 ,v&als1 ,alans1 ,suevi1 foll[+ ea* o!r 9 e*ellon4 ,y "k :at an e*ellon means8 ,:5 bodies ( troops move 9 l9es p>allel to ea* o!r1 b ea* some:at 9 ! re> ( ! o!r1 s t _! :ole position resembles an e*elle--a flight ( /eps4 ,?is mode ( attack has two great advantages4 ,x _c be outflank$ by ! enemy2 & he d>e n conc5trate 8 =ces on ! =emo/ division1 & beat ! divisions 9 detail4 ,if he tries to d s1 he is out-flank$ himself2 & he is liable to be beat5 9 detail by cont9ually fre% bodies ( troops4 ,?us only a "p ( 8 l9e is engag$ at a "t4 ,n[ x 0 en e*ellon1 f necessity1 t ! tribes mov$ d[n4 ,!y c\ld n foll[ imm$iately 9 ea* o!r's track1 because two armies foll[+ ea* o!r w\ld n h f\nd subsi/5ce 9 ! same c\ntry4 ,!y _h to m>* 9 p>allel l9es2 ^? ne>e/ to ,italy mov+ fir/2 & ?us =m+ a va/ e*ellon1 ^: advanc$ left re/$ on1 & 0 protect$ by1 ! ,alps4 ,b y mu/ rememb] 7& ?is is important7 t all ^! we/]n attacks along ! ,rh9e & ,rhone 7 mi/akes1 9 z f> z !y 7 aim$ at ,rome4 ,! ,teutons 7 n aw>e1 ,i suppose1 t ! ,alps turn$ to ! ,s\? betwe5 ,gaul & ,italy1 & ran "r d[n to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,!re !y f\nd !mselves /ill cut (f f ,rome by !m4 ,hannibal's pass ov] ! ,mont ,c5is !y seem n to h kn[n4 ,!y _h to range d[n to ! ,m$it]ranean2 turn ea/w>d along ! ,g5oese coa/ at ,nice2 & !n1 f> away f _! base ( op]ations1 7 cut (f aga9 & aga91 j z ! ,cimbri & ,teutons 7 cut (f by ,m>ius4 ,all attempts to take ,rome f ! ,pi$montese entrance into ,italy fail$4 ,b ^! we/]n attacks _h imm5se effects4 ,!y cut ! ,roman position 9 two4 ,& !n came out ! real weakness ( t great ill-gott5 ,empire1 conqu]$ = conqu]+'s sake4 ,to ! nor?-we/1 ! ,romans _h ext5d$ _! l9e f> beyond :at !y c\ld def5d4 ,! :ole ( ,nor? ,gaul 0 tak5 by ! ,franks4 ,brita9 0 !n isolat$1 & _h to be giv5 up to its fate4 ,s\? ,gaul1 be+ ne>] to ,italy _! base1 !y c\ld def5d1 & did1 l spl5did soldi]s z !y 72 b t def5ce only injur$ !m4 ,x ?ru/ ! =emo/ columns ( ! enemy on into ,spa94 ,spa9 0 too f> f _! base ( op]ation to be def5d$1 & 0 lo/ likewise1 & seiz$ by ,v&als & ,suevi4 ,! true po9t ( attack 0 at ! o!r sali5t angle ( our position1 on ! ,roman "r c5tre4 ,y "k t ! ,danube z y asc5d x lies ea/ & we/ f ! ,black ,sea to ,belgrade2 b above ! po9t :]e ! ,save ent]s x1 x turns nor? almo/ at "r angles4 ,?is is ! second sali5t po9t2 ! real key ( ! :ole ,roman ,empire4 ,= f ?is po9t ! ,g]mans c\ld m5ace--equally1 ,con/ant9ople & ,turkey on ! "r 7,i speak always z /&+ at ,rome & look+ nor?71 & ,italy & ,rome on ! left4 ,! ,danube once cross$1 betwe5 !m & ,con/ant9ople 0 no?+ b ! ri* roll+ l& ( ,turkey2 betwe5 !m & ,rome no?+ b ! easy passes ( ! ,c>nic ,alps1 ,layba* to ,trie/e4 ,trie/e 0 ! key ( ! ,roman position4 ,x 01 & always w be1 a mo/ important po9t4 ,x might be ! c5tre ( a great k+dom4 ,! nation :i* has x ought to sp5d its la/ bullet 9 def5d+ x4 ,! ,teutons did cross ! ,danube1 z y "k1 9 #cgf1 & _h a great victory1 ( :i* no?+ came b moral =ce4 ,!y wait$ long 9 ,moesia be=e !y f\nd out ! important /ep :i* !y _h made4 ,! g5ius ( ,al>ic fir/ discov]$ ! key ( ! ,roman position1 & discov]$ t x 0 9 8 own h&s4 ,i d n say t no ,g]mans _h cross$ ! ,layba* pass be=e him4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,m>km51 ,quadi1 ,v&als1 seem to h come ov] x z e>ly z #ahj1 & appe>$ "u ! walls ( ,aquileia4 ,( c\rse1 "s "o mu/ h gone fir/1 or ,al>ic w\ld n h kn[n ( x4 ,!re 7 no maps !n1 at lea/ among our race4 ,_! great g5]als _h to feel _! way foot by foot1 tru/+ to he>says ( old adv5tur]s1 des]t]s1 & :at n1 z to :e!r a fruitful c\ntry or an impassable alp1 a great city or ! _w's end1 0 tw5ty miles a-head ( !m4 ,yes1 !y _h great g5]als among !m1 & ,al>ic1 p]haps1 ! greate/4 ,if y consid] ,al>ic's campaigns1 f ,a4,d4 #djj to ,a4,d4 #dae1 y w see t ! eye ( a g5ius plann$ !m4 ,he want$ ,rome1 z all ,teutons did4 ,he 0 close to ,italy1 9 ! angle ( :i* ,i j spoke2 b in/ead ( go+ hi!r1 he resolv$ to g s\?1 & de/roy ,greece1 & he did x4 ,!reby1 if y w consid]1 he cut ! ,roman ,empire 9 two4 ,he p>alys$ & de/roy$ ! "r w+ ( its =ces1 :i* might1 if he _h m>*$ /raight = ,italy1 h come up f ,greece & ,turkey1 to take him 9 flank & re>4 ,he prev5t$ _! do+ t2 he prev5t$ also _! succ\r+ ,italy by sea by ! same de/ruction4 ,& !n he 0 free to move on ,rome1 kn[+ t he leaves no /rong place on 8 left flank1 save ,con/ant9ople itself2 & t ! ,o/rogo?s1 & o!r tribes left beh9d1 w\ld mask x = him4 ,!n he mov$ into ,italy ov] ! ,c>nic ,alps1 & 0 repuls$ ! fir/ "t at ,poll5tia4 ,he 0 n di%e>t5$2 he retir$ ^u ,hung>y1 wait$ five ye>s1 tri$ x aga91 & succe$$1 aft] a campaign ( two ye>s4 ,yes4 ,he 0 a great g5]al4 ,to be able to move va/ masses ( m5 safely ?r\gh a ho/ile c\ntry & 9 face ( an enemy's army 7beside wom5 & *ildr57 requires an am\nt ( tal5t be/[$ on few4 ,al>ic c\ld d x4 ,dietri* ! ,o/rogo? c\ld d x4 ,albo9 ! ,lomb>d c\ld d x1 ?\gh n "u su* fe>ful disadvantages4 ,!re 7 g5]als be=e ,m>lbor\gh or ,napoleon4 ,& d n fancy t ! "w 0 easy2 t ! ,romans 7 deg5]ate en\gh to be an easy prey4 ,al>ic _h be5 c]ta9ly beat5 out ( ,italy1 ev5 ?\gh ! victory ( ,poll5tia 0 exagg]at$4 ,& 9 #dje1 ,radaga/ ) #bjj1jjj m5 _h tri$ to take ,rome by ,al>ic's r\te1 & _h simply1 f want ( g5]al%ip1 be5 =c$ to capitulate "u ! walls ( ,flor5ce1 & ! remnant ( 8 army sold = slaves4 ,:y 0 ,al>ic m =tunate8 ,because he 0 a great g5ius4 ,& :y :5 he di$1 did ! ,go?s lose all plan1 & w&] wildly up ,italy1 & out into ,spa98 ,because ! great g5ius 0 gone4 ,native ,teuton c\rage c\ld ensure no p]man5t success aga9/ ,roman discipl9e & /rategy1 unless guid$ by m5 l ,al>ic or ,dietri*4 ,y might fancy ! campaign ov] n[3 b x 0 n4 ,along ! c\ntry ( ! ,danube1 f ! ,eux9e to ! ,alps1 ! ,teutons _h /ill ! advantage ( int]ior l9es1 & va/ bodies ( m5--,h]ules1 ,gepids1 ,o/rogo?s1 ,lomb>ds--7 com+ d[n 9 an enorm\s e*ellon simil> to t :i* =c$ ! ,rh9e2 to =ce ,italy at ! same fatal po9t--,v5etia4 ,! p>ty :o c\ld comm& ! la/ res]ve w\ld w91 z is ! rule4 ,& ! la/ res]ves 7 ) our race4 ,!y mu/ w94 ,b n yet4 ,!y _h1 9 ! mean "t1 tak5 up a concave l9e2 a great arc runn+ r\nd ! :ole we/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean f ,italy1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,alg]ia1 z f> z ,c>?age4 ,!y c\ld n move =ces r\nd t l5g? ( coa/1 z fa/ z ! ,romans c\ld move !m by sea2 & !y _h no fleets4 ,al?\gh !y _h conqu]$ ! ,we/]n ,empire1 !y 7 9 a v dang]\s position1 & 7 ab\t to be v ne>ly ru9$4 ,= y see1 ! ,romans 9 turn _h *ang$ front at m ?an a "r angle4 ,!y lay at fir/ nor?-we/ & s\?-ea/4 ,!y lay 9 ,ju/9ian's "t1 nor? & s\?4 ,_! "r 0 ,con/ant9ople2 _! left ,p5tapolis2 betwe5 ^? two po9ts !y held ,greece1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,syria & ,egypt2 a position ( weal? incalculable4 ,mean:ile1 z we mu/ rememb] always1 !y 7 ma/]s ( ! sea1 & !re=e ( ! int]ior l9es ( op]ation4 ,!y _h be5 =c$ into ?is position2 b1 l ,romans1 !y _h accept$ x4 ,) ! b\ndless common s5se ( ! race 7h[ev] fall51 debau*$1 p$antic71 !y work$ x out1 & ) t]rible effect4 ,_! "r 9 ,con/ant9ople 0 s /rong t !y c>$ no?+ = x1 ?\gh x 0 ! only expos$ po9t4 ,!y w\ld def5d x by hir+ ! ,b>b>ians1 & :5 !y c\ld n pay !m1 sett+ !m on to kill d[n ea* o!r2 :ile !y quietly drew into ,con/ant9ople ! b\ndless crops ( ,asia1 ,syria & ,egypt4 ,! /r5g? ( ,con/ant9ople 0 inf9ite--comm&+ two seas & two cont95ts4 ,x is1 z ! g5ius ( ,con/ant9ople saw--z ! g5ius ( ! ,cz> ,ni*olas saw--! /ronge/ spot1 p]haps1 9 ! _w4 ,t fact 0 :at enabl$ ,ju/9ian's ,empire to arise aga91 & enabl$ ,belis>ius & ,n>ses to reconqu] ,africa & ,italy4 ,rememb] t1 & see h[ /rong ! ,romans 7 /ill4 ,! ,teutons mean:ile _h *ang$ _! front1 by conqu]+ ! ,we/]n ,m$it]ranean1 & 7 becom+ weak1 because scatt]$ on ext]ior l9es1 to _! extreme dang]4 ,i _c exagg]ate ! dang] ( t position4 ,x enabl$ ! ,romans by rapid movem5ts ( _! fleets1 to reconqu] ,africa & ,italy4 ,x might h enabl$ !m to d mu* m4 ,belis>ius1 ) great wisdom1 began by attack+ ! ,v&als at ,c>?age on ! extreme "r4 ,!y _h put !mselves into an isolat$ position1 & 7 de/roy$ )\t help4 ,!n he mov$ on ,italy & ! ,o/rogo?s4 ,he 0 go+ to =ce ! positions 9 detail1 & drive !m back beh9d ! ,alps4 ,:at he did n f9i%1 ,n>ses did2 & ! ,teutons 7 actually driv5 back beh9d ! ,alps = "s ye>s4 ,b ,n>ses _h to /op at ,italy4 ,ev5 if n recall$1 he c\ld h gone no fur!r4 ,! next move %\ld h be5 on ,spa91 if he _h really _h /r5g? 9 ,italy4 ,b to attack ,spa9 f ,con/ant9ople1 w\ld h be5 to g too f> f home4 ,! ,franks w\ld h cro/ ! ,pyr5ees1 & fall5 on 8 flank4 ,! ,visigo?s1 ev5 if beat51 w\ld h be5 only pu%$ across ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>1 to reconqu] ! ,v&al coa/ ( ,africa2 :ile to take troops f ,italy = any su* purpose1 w\ld h be5 to let 9 ! ,lomb>ds--:o came1 let 9 or n4 ,!re 7 res]ves 9 ,g]many /ill1 ( :i* ,n>ses knew full well2 = he _h se5 #ejjj ,lomb>ds1 besides ,h]ules1 & ,huns1 & ,av>s1 fight = him at ,nuc]ia1 & de/roy ! ,o/rogo?s2 & he knew well t !y c\ld1 if !y *ose1 fight aga9/ him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,roman ,empire _h no res]ves2 :ile ! campaign _h j come to t po9t at :i* he :o c br+ up ! la/ res]ve w9s4 ,ours 7 s f> f be+ exhau/$1 t ! heavie/ ( !m1 ! ,franks1 came into action1 /rong] ?an ev]1 #bjj ye>s aft]4 ,b ! ,roman res]ves 7 gone4 ,if ,greece1 if ,asia ,m9or1 if ,egypt1 _h be5 ! holds ( a h>dy p1 ! ,romans might h done /ill--,heav5 alone kn[s :at4 ,at lea/1 !y might h ext5d$ _! front once m to ! l9e ( ,c>?age1 ,sicily1 ,italy4 ,b ! p ( ,syria & ,egypt1 7--:at !y 74 ,no recruits1 z f> z ,i "k1 7 drawn f !m4 ,_h !y be51 !y w\ld h be5 face to face ) a ,frank1 or a ,lomb>d1 or a ,visigo?1 mu* :at--n a ,sikh1 a ,rohilla1 or a ,ghoorka1 b a ,b5galee prop]--w\ld be face to face ) an ,engli%man4 ,"o ?\s& ,v>ang]s might h walk$ f ,con/ant9ople to ,alex&ria )\t fight+ a pit*$ battle1 if !y _h _h only ,greeks & ,syrians to face4 ,?us ! ,romans 7 gr[+ weak4 ,if we _h lo/1 s _h !y4 ,e wild ,teuton :o came d[n to p]i%1 _h de/roy$ a ,roman1 or m ?an "o1 be=e he di$4 ,ea* column :i* ! admirable skill & c\rage ( ! ,romans _h de/roy$1 _h weak5$ !m z mu*1 p]haps m1 ?an its de/ruction weak5$ ! ,teutons2 & _h1 by h>ry+ ! c\ntry1 de/roy$ ! ,roman's p[] ( obta9+ supplies4 ,italy & ,turkey at la/ became too poor to be a fight+ gr\nd at all4 ,b n[ comes 9 "o ( ! /range/ new elem5ts 9 ?is /range epic--,mohamm$ & 8 ,arabs4 ,sudd5ly1 ^! ,arab tribes1 "u ! excitem5t ( ! new ,mussulman cre$1 bur/ =? ( ! unkn[n ,ea/4 ,!y take ! ,ea/]n ,empire 9 ! re>2 by su* a re> attack z ! _w nev] saw be=e or s9ce2 !y cut x 9 two2 dev\r x up3 & save ,europe !reby4 ,t may seem a /range spee*4 ,i mu/ expla9 x4 ,i h told y h[ ! ,ea/]n ,empire & its milit>y position 0 imm5sely /rong2 t ,con/ant9ople 0 a great m>itime base ( op]ations1 mi/ress ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,:at prev5t$ ! ,romans f reconqu]+ all ! %ores ( t sea1 & e/abli%+ !mselves 9 /r5g? 9 ! ,morea1 or 9 ,sicily1 or 9 ,c>?age1 or 9 any c5tral base ( op]ations8 ,:at =c$ !m to cl+ to ,con/ant9ople1 & fight a los+ campaign !nce=?4 ,simply ?is2 ! ,mussulman _h =c$ _! position f ! re>1 & depriv$ !m ( ,syria1 ,egypt1 ,africa4 ,b ! ,teutons c\ld n h oppos$ !m4 ,dur+ ! #g? c5tury ! ,lomb>ds 9 ,italy 7 lazy & divid$2 ! ,go?s 9 ,spa9 lazi] & m divid$ /ill2 ! ,franks 7 te>+ !mselves 9 pieces by civil w>4 ,! ye>s f ,a4,d4 #eej to ,a4,d4 #gej & ! rise ( ! ,c>lov+ian dyna/y1 7 a p]iod ( exhau/ion = our race1 su* z foll[s on great victories1 & ! consequ5t slaught] & collapse4 ,?is 0 ! critical p]iod ( ! ,teutonic race2 little talk$ (1 because little kn[n3 b v p]il\s4 ,nev]!less1 :atev] ! ,ea/]n ,empire might h done1 ! ,s>ac5s prev5t$ its do+2 & if y hold 7) me7 t ! welf>e ( ! ,teutonic race is ! welf>e ( ! _w2 !n1 mean+ no?+ less1 ! ,s>ac5 invasion1 by crippl+ ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 sav$ ,europe & our race4 ,& n[1 g5tlem51 0 ?is va/ campaign f\ght )\t a g5]al8 ,if ,trafalg> c\ld n be won )\t ! m9d ( a ,nelson1 or ,wat]loo )\t ! m9d ( a ,well+ton1 0 !re no "o m9d to lead ^? innum]able armies1 on ^: success dep5d$ ! future ( ! :ole human race8 ,did no "o m>%al !m 9 t impregnable convex front1 f ! ,eux9e to ! ,nor? ,sea8 ,no "o guide !m to ! two great /rategic c5tres1 ( ! ,black ,=e/ & ,trie/e8 ,no "o cause !m1 bl9d b>b>ians )\t maps or sci5ce1 to foll[ ^? rules ( w>1 )\t :i* victory 9 a protract$ /ruggle is impossible2 & by ! pressure ( ! ,huns beh9d1 =ce on _! flagg+ myriads to an ent]prise :i* _! simplicity fanci$ at fir/ beyond ! p[]s ( mortal m58 ,believe x :o w3 b ,i _c4 ,i may be told t !y gravitat$ into _! places1 z /ones & mud d4 ,be x s4 ,!y obey$ natural laws ( c\rse1 z all ?+s d on e>?1 :5 !y obey$ ! laws ( w>3 ^? too are natural laws1 explicable on simple ma!matical pr9ciples4 ,b :ile ,i believe t n a /one or a h&ful ( mud gravitates into its place )\t ! w ( ,god2 t x 0 orda9$1 ages s9ce1 into :at p>ticul> spot ea* gra9 ( gold %\ld be wa%$ d[n f an ,au/ralian qu>tz reef1 t a c]ta9 man might f9d x at a c]ta9 mom5t & crisis ( 8 life2--if ,i be sup]/iti\s en\gh 7z ?ank ,god ,i am7 to hold t cre$1 %all ,i n believe t ?\gh ?is great w> _h no g5]al ^u e>?1 x may h _h a g5]al 9 ,heav58 & t 9 spite ( all _! s9s1 ! ho/s ( our =efa!rs 7 ! ho/s ( ,god8 ,,app5dix3 ,,! ,,limits ,,( ,,exact ,,sci5ce ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,hi/ory4 ,x is ) a feel+ ( awe1 ,i _h almo/ said ( fe>1 t ,i f9d myself 9 ?is place1 ^u ?is err&4 ,! responsibility ( a tea*] ( ,hi/ory 9 ,cambridge is 9 itself v heavy3 b d\bly heavy 9 ! case ( "o :o sees among 8 audi5ce _m m5 z fit1 x may be "s m fit1 to fill ?is ,*air3 & aga91 m heavy /ill1 :5 "o succe$s to a man ^: le>n+1 l 8 virtues1 "o c nev] hope to equal4 ,b a ,pr(essor1 ,i tru/1 is l o!r m51 capable ( improvem5t2 & ! great law1 'doc5do disces1' may be fulfill$ 9 him1 z 9 o!r m54 ,mean:ile1 ,i c only promise t su* small p[]s z ,i possess w be hone/ly devot$ to ?is ,pr(essorate2 & t ,i %all endeav\r to tea* ,mod]n ,hi/ory aft] a me?od :i* %all give satisfaction to ! ,rul]s ( ?is ,univ]sity4 ,i %all d t be/1 ,i believe1 by keep+ 9 m9d ! lessons :i* ,i1 9 common ) ?\s&s m1 h le>nt f my wise & good pr$ecessor4 ,i d n mean m]ely pati5ce 9 rese>*1 & accuracy 9 fact4 ,!y are requir$ ( all m53 & !y may be le>nt f _m m54 ,b :at ,sir ,james ,/eph5's life & writ+s %\ld especially tea* u1 is ! beauty & ! value ( *>ity2 ( t l>ge-he>t$ humanity1 :i* sympa?izes ) all noble1 g5]\s1 e>ne/ ?\ght & endeav\r1 9 :atsoev] %ape !y may h appe>$2 a *>ity :i*1 )\t weakly or lazily conf\nd+ ! et]nal laws ( "r & wrong1 c make all[ances = human frailty2 c sep>ate ! good f ! evil 9 m5 & 9 !ories2 c und]/&1 & c =give1 because x loves4 ,:o c read ,sir ,james ,/eph5's works )\t feel+ m k9dly t[>d _m a man1 & _m a =m ( ?\ght1 aga9/ :i* he has be5 m or less prejudic$2 )\t a m g5ial view ( human nature1 a m hopeful view ( human de/9y1 a m full belief 9 ! great say+1 t ',wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr5'8 ,:o1 too1 c read ^? works )\t see+ h[ *>ity enlight5s ! intellect1 j z bigotry d>k5s x2 h[ ev5ts1 :i* to ! !ori/ & ! p$ant are m]ely mon/r\s & unmean+1 may expla9 !mselves easily en\gh to ! man :o w put himself 9 8 fell[-creatures' place2 :o w give !m cr$it = be+ m5 ( l passions ) himself2 :o w see ) _! eyes1 feel ) _! he>ts1 & take = 8 motto1 ',homo sum1 nil humani a me ali5um puto'8 ,i entreat g5tlem5 :o may h]eaft] att5d my lectures to be> 9 m9d ?is la/ say+4 ,if !y wi% to und]/& ,hi/ory1 !y mu/ fir/ try to und]/& m5 & wom54 ,= ,hi/ory is ! hi/ory ( m5 & wom51 & ( no?+ else2 & he :o kn[s m5 & wom5 ?or\ghly w be/ und]/& ! pa/ "w ( ! _w1 & be be/ able to c>ry on its "w n[4 ,! m5 :o1 9 ! long run1 h gov]n$ ! _w1 h be5 ^? :o und]/ood ! human he>t2 & !re=e x is to ?is day ! /atesman :o keeps ! re9s 9 8 h&1 & n ! m]e /ud5t4 ,he is a man ( ! _w2 he kn[s h[ to manage 8 fell[-m52 & !re=e he c get "w done :i* ! m]e /ud5t 7x may be7 has taught him ought to be done2 b :i* ! m]e /ud5t1 mu* less ! m]e trad] or economi/1 c\ld n get done2 simply because 8 fell[-m5 w\ld probably n li/5 to him1 & c]ta9ly outwit him4 ,( c\rse1 9 proportion to ! dep?1 wid?1 s\ndness1 ( 8 conception ( human nature1 w be ! greatness & :olesom5ess ( 8 p[]4 ,he may appeal to ! meane/1 or to ! l(tie/ motives4 ,he may be a fox or an eagle2 a ,borgia1 or a ,hildebr&2 a ,talleyr&1 or a ,napoleon2 a ,m>y ,/u>t1 or an ,elizabe?3 b h[ev] base1 h[ev] noble1 ! p[] :i* he ex]cises is ! same 9 ess5ce4 ,he makes ,hi/ory1 because he und]/&s m54 ,& y1 if y w\ld und]/& ,hi/ory1 mu/ und]/& m54 ,if1 !re=e1 any ( y %\ld ask me h[ to /udy hi/ory1 ,i %\ld answ]--,take by all means biographies3 :]esoev] possible1 autobiographies2 & /udy !m4 ,fill y\r m9ds ) live human figures2 m5 ( l passions ) y\rselves2 see h[ ea* liv$ & work$ 9 ! "t & place 9 :i* ,god put him4 ,believe me1 t :5 y h ?us made a fri5d ( ! dead1 & br\ght him to life aga91 & let him tea* y to see ) 8 eyes1 & feel ) 8 he>t1 y w beg9 to und]/& m ( 8 g5]ation & 8 circum/ances1 ?an all ! m]e hi/ory-books ( ! p]iod w\ld tea* y4 ,9 proportion z y und]/& ! man1 & only s1 w y beg9 to und]/& ! elem5ts 9 :i* he work$4 ,& n only to und]/&1 b to rememb]4 ,names1 dates1 g5ealogies1 geographical details1 co/umes1 fa%ions1 mann]s1 crabb$ scraps ( old law1 :i* y us$1 p]haps1 to read up & =get aga91 because !y 7 n root$1 b /uck into y\r bra91 z p9s are into a p9cu%ion1 to fall out at ! fir/ %ake--all ^! y w rememb]2 because !y w arrange & organize !mselves ar\nd ! c5tral human figure3 j z1 if y h /udi$ a portrait by "s great arti/1 y _c ?9k ( ! face 9 x1 )\t recollect+ also ! light & %ad[1 ! tone ( col\r+1 ! dress1 ! v details ( ! backgr\nd1 & all ! accessories :i* ! pa9t]'s art has gr\p$ ar\nd2 ea* ) a purpose1 & !re=e ea* fix+ itself duly 9 y\r m9d4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 has n f\nd t he c le>n m ,fr5* hi/ory f ,fr5* memoirs1 ?an ev5 f all ! truly le>n$ & admirable hi/ories ( ,france :i* h be5 writt5 ( late ye>s8 ,!re are ^?1 too1 :o w say ( good old ,plut>*'s lives 7n[-a-days1 ,i ?9k1 too mu* neglect$71 :at "s great man us$ to say ( ,%akspe>e & ,engli% hi/ory--t all ! anci5t hi/ory :i* !y really knew1 !y _h got f ,plut>*4 ,i am free to confess t ,i h le>nt :at little ,i "k ( ! middle-ages1 :at !y 7 l1 h[ !y came to be :at !y 71 & h[ !y issu$ 9 ! ,re=mation1 n s mu* f ! /udy ( ! books ab\t !m 7_m & wise ?\gh !y are71 z f ! ?umb+ ov]1 = ye>s1 ! semi-my?ical sa9ts' lives ( ,surius & ! ,boll&i/s4 ,)\t d\bt ,hi/ory obeys1 & always has obey$1 9 ! long run1 c]ta9 laws4 ,b ^? laws ass]t !mselves1 & are to be discov]$1 n 9 ?+s1 b 9 p]sons2 9 ! actions ( human be+s2 & j 9 proportion z we und]/& human be+s1 %all we und]/& ! laws :i* !y h obey$1 or :i* h av5g$ !mselves on _! disob$i5ce4 ,?is may seem a truism3 if x be su*1 x is "o :i* we _c too (t5 repeat to ourselves j n[1 :5 ! rapid progress ( sci5ce is tempt+ u to look at human be+s r z ?+s ?an z p]sons1 & at ab/ractions 7"u ! "n ( laws7 r z p]sons ?an z ?+s4 ,discov]+1 to our j delight1 ord] & law all ar\nd u1 9 a ?\s& ev5ts :i* seem$ to our fa!rs =tuit\s & arbitr>y1 we are dazzl$ j n[ by ! magnific5t prospect op5+ be=e u1 & fall1 too (t51 into m ?an "o s]i\s mi/ake4 ,fir/2 /ud5ts try to expla9 too (t5 all ! facts :i* !y meet by ! v few laws :i* !y "k2 & especially moral pha5om5a by physical1 or at lea/ economic laws4 ,!re is an excuse = ?is la/ error4 ,mu* :i* 0 ?\ght1 a few c5turies s9ce1 to belong to ! spiritual _w1 is n[ f\nd to belong to ! mat]ial2 & ! physician is consult$1 :]e ! exorci/ us$ to be call$ 94 ,b x is a some:at ha/y coroll>y !refrom1 & "o n likely to f9d fav\r 9 ?is ,univ]sity1 t moral laws & spiritual ag5cies h no?+ at all to d ) ! hi/ory ( ! human race4 ,we %all n be incl9$ "h1 ,i tru/1 to expla9 7z "s "o tri$ to d lately7 ! ,crusades by a hypo!sis ( ov]-/ock$ lab\r-m>kets on ! ,cont95t4 ,nei!r1 aga91 %all we be incl9$ to class ^? same ,crusades among 'popul> delusions1' & m]e outbur/s ( folly & madness4 ,?is is a v easy1 & ,i am sorry to say1 a v common me?od ( dispos+ ( facts :i* w n fit into ! !ory1 too common ( late1 t ne$ & gre$ h be5 always1 & always ought to be1 ! *ief motives ( mank9d4 ,ne$ & gre$1 heav5 kn[s1 are p[]ful en\gh3 b ,i ?9k t he :o has some?+ nobl] 9 himself ?an ne$ & gre$1 w h eyes to disc]n some?+ nobl] ?an !m1 9 ! mo/ fanta/ic sup]/itions1 9 ! mo/ f]oci\s outbur/s1 ( ! mo/ untutor$ masses4 ,?ank ,god1 t ^? :o prea* ! opposite doctr9e belie x s (t5 by a happy inconsi/5cy2 t he :o decl>es self-int]e/ to be ! ma9spr+ ( ! _w1 c live a life ( virtu\s self-sacrifice2 t he :o d5ies1 ) ,sp9oza1 ! exi/5ce ( free- w1 c disprove 8 own !ory1 by will+1 l ,sp9oza1 amid all ! temptations ( ! _w1 to live a life wor?y ( a ,roman ,/oic2 & t he :o repres5ts m5 z ! puppets ( mat]ial circum/ance1 & :o !re=e has no logical "r ei!r to praise virtue1 or to blame vice1 c %ew1 by a heal?y admiration ( ! =m]1 a heal?y scorn ( ! latt]1 h[ little 8 he>t has be5 corrupt$ by ! eidola specus1 ! phantoms ( ! /udy1 :i* h oppress$ 8 bra94 ,b ?\gh m5 are (t51 ?ank heav51 bett] ?an _! doctr9es1 yet ! goodness ( ! man does n make 8 doctr9e good2 & x is immoral z well z unphilosophical to call a ?+ h>d names simply because x _c be fitt$ into our !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,immoral1 because all h>% & ha/y :olesale judgm5ts are immoral2 unphilosophical1 because ! only philosophical me?od ( look+ at ! /range/ ( pha5om5a is to believe t x too is ! result ( law1 p]haps a heal?y result2 t x is n to be condemn$ z a product ( disease be=e x is prov5 to be su*2 & t if x be a product ( disease1 disease has its laws1 z mu* z heal?2 & is a subject1 n = curs+1 b = induction2 s t 7to return to my example7 if e man :o ev] took "p 9 ! ,crusades 7 prov$ to h be5 simply mad1 our sole bus9ess w\ld be to discov] :y he w5t mad ^u t special matt]1 & at t special "t4 ,& to d t1 we mu/ beg9 by recollect+ t 9 e man :o w5t =? to ! ,crusades1 or to any o!r /range adv5ture ( humanity1 0 a :ole human he>t & bra91 ( l /r5g? & weakness1 l hopes1 l temptations1 ) our own2 & f9d out :at may h driv5 him mad1 by consid]+ :at w\ld h driv5 u mad 9 8 place4 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ to enl>ge some:at on ?is topic8 ,!re is1 z y are aw>e1 a dem& j n[ = philosophies ( ,hi/ory4 ,! g5]al spread ( ,inductive ,sci5ce has awak5$ ?is appetite2 ! admirable contempor>y ,fr5* hi/orians h quick5$ x by fe$+ x2 till1 ! m ord] & sequ5ce we f9d 9 ! facts ( ! pa/1 ! m we wi% to f9d4 ,s x %\ld be 7or :y 0 man creat$ a rational be+87 & s x is2 & ! requirem5ts ( ! m educat$ are becom+ s p]emptory1 t _m ?9k+ m5 w\ld be ready to say 7,i %\ld be sorry to endorse _! op9ion71 t if ,hi/ory is n /udi$ accord+ to exact sci5tific me?od1 x ne$ n be /udi$ at all4 ,a v able anonym\s writ] has lately express$ ?is g5]al t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght 9 language s cle> & =cible t ,i mu/ beg leave to quote x3-- ',/ep by /ep1' he says1 '! notion ( evolution by law is trans=m+ ! :ole field ( our k & op9ion4 ,x is n "o ord] ( conception :i* comes "u its influ5ce3 b x is ! :ole sph]e ( our ideas1 & ) !m ! :ole sy/em ( our action & conduct4 ,n ! physical _w alone is n[ ! doma9 ( inductive sci5ce1 b ! moral1 ! intellectual1 & ! spiritual are be+ add$ to its empire4 ,two co-ord9ate ideas p]vade ! vision ( e ?9k]1 physici/ or morali/1 philosoph] or prie/4 ,9 ! physical & ! moral _w1 9 ! natural & ! human1 are ev] se5 two =ces--inv>iable rule1 & cont9ual advance2 law & action2 ord] & progress2 ^! two p[]s work+ h>moni\sly toge!r1 & ! result1 inevitable sequ5ce1 ord]ly movem5t1 irresi/ible gr[?4 ,9 ! physical _w inde$1 ord] is mo/ prom95t to our eyes2 9 ! moral _w x is progress1 b bo? exi/ z truly 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ! scale ( nature1 z we rise f ! inorganic to ! organic1 ! idea ( *ange becomes ev5 m di/9ct2 j z :5 we rise ?r\gh ! gradations ( ! moral _w1 ! idea ( ord] becomes m difficult to grasp4 ,x 0 ! la/ task ( ! a/ronom] to %[ et]nal *ange ev5 9 ! gr& ord] ( our ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,x is ! cr[n ( philosophy to see immutable law ev5 9 ! complex action ( human life4 ,9 ! latt]1 inde$1 x is b ! fir/ g]ms :i* are cle>4 ,no rational ?9k] hopes to discov] m ?an "s few prim>y actions ( law1 & "s approximative !ory ( gr[?4 ,mu* is d>k & contradictory4 ,num]\s !ories diff]+ 9 me?od & degree are (f]$2 nor d we decide betwe5 !m4 ,we insi/ n[ only ^u ?is1 t ! pr9ciple ( developm5t 9 ! moral1 z 9 ! physical1 has be5 def9itely admitt$2 & some?+ l a conception ( "o gr& analogy ?r\gh ! :ole sph]e ( k1 has almo/ become a "p ( popul> op9ion4 ,mo/ m5 %r9k f any broad /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple1 ?\gh all 9 "s special in/ances adopt x4 ,x surr\nds e idea ( our life1 & is diffus$ 9 e bran* ( /udy4 ,! press1 ! plat=m1 ! lecture-room1 & ! pulpit r+ ) x 9 e v>iety ( =m4 ,unconsci\s p$ants are prov+ x4 ,x fla%es on ! /ati/ician ?r\gh 8 regi/]s2 x guides ! h& ( simple philan?ropy2 x is obey$ by ! in/9ct ( ! /atesman4 ,!re is n an act ( our public life :i* does n ackn[l$ge x4 ,no man d5ies t !re are c]ta91 & ev5 practical laws ( political economy4 ,!y are no?+ b laws ( society4 ,! conf]5ces ( social re=m]s1 ! congresses = int]national /ati/ics & = social sci5ce be> witness ( its =ce4 ,ev]y:]e we he> ( ! developm5t ( ! con/itution1 ( public law1 ( public op9ion1 ( in/itutions1 ( =ms ( society1 ( !ories ( hi/ory4 ,9 a ^w1 :atev] views ( hi/ory may be inculcat$ on ! ,univ]sities by noveli/s or epigrammati/s1 x is c]ta9 t ! be/ intellects & spirits ( our day are lab\r+ to see m ( t inv>iable ord]1 & ( t pr9ciple ( gr[? 9 ! life ( human societies & ( ! great society ( mank9d :i* ne>ly all m51 m or less1 ackn[l$ge1 & p>tially & unconsci\sly confirm4' ,?is passage expresses admirably1 ,i ?9k1 ! t5d5cies ( mod]n ?\ght = good & evil4 ,= good4 ,= surely x is good1 & a ?+ to ?ank ,god =1 t m5 %\ld be m & m expect+ ord]1 se>*+ = ord]1 welcom+ ord]4 ,b = evil also4 ,= "y sci5ces1 l "y m51 h _! "t ( wond]1 hope1 imag9ation1 & ( passion too1 & ha/e1 & bigotry4 ,dazzl$1 & t p>donably1 by ! beauty ( ! few laws !y may h discov]$1 !y are too apt to erect !m into gods1 & to expla9 by !m all matt]s 9 heav5 & e>?2 & apt1 too1 z ,i ?9k ?is au?or does1 to pat* !m :]e !y are weake/1 by t mo/ dang]\s succ$aneum ( vague & gr& epi!ts1 :i* v (t5 conta91 ea* ( !m1 an assumption f> m important ?an ! law to :i* !y are tack$4 ,su* surely are ! words :i* s (t5 occur 9 ?is passage--',inv>iable1 cont9ual1 immutable1 inevitable1 irresi/ible4' ,!re is an ambiguity 9 ^! words1 :i* may lead--:i* ,i believe does lead--to mo/ unphilosophical conclusions4 ,!y are us$ v mu* z synonyms2 n m]ely 9 ?is passage1 b 9 ! m\?s ( m54 ,are y aw>e t ^? :o c>elessly d s1 bl9k ! :ole ( ! _w- old argum5ts betwe5 necessity & free-w8 ,:atev] may be ! rights ( t qu>rel1 !y are c]ta9ly n to be assum$ 9 a pass+ epi!t4 ,b :at else does ! writ] d1 :o tells u t an inevitable sequ5ce1 an irresi/ible gr[?1 exi/s 9 ! moral z well z 9 ! physical _w2 & !n says1 z a seem+ly id5tical /atem5t1 t x is ! cr[n ( philosophy to see immutable law1 ev5 9 ! complex action ( human life8 ,! cr[n ( philosophy8 ,d\btless x is s4 ,b n a cr[n1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght1 :i* has be5 res]v$ z ! special glory ( ^! latt] days4 ,v e>ly1 at lea/ 9 ! kn[n hi/ory ( mank9d1 did ,philosophy 7"u ! humble names ( ,religion & ,common ,s5se7 see mo/ immutable1 & ev5 et]nal1 laws1 9 ! complex action ( human life1 ev5 ! laws ( "r & wrong2 & call$ !m ,! ,ev]la/+ ,judgm5ts ( ,god1 to :i* a confus$ & h>d-work$ man 0 to look2 & take com=t1 = all w\ld be well at la/4 ,by fair induction 7z ,i believe7 did man discov]1 m or less cle>ly1 ^? et]nal laws3 by repeat$ v]ifications ( !m 9 e age1 man has be5 ris+1 & w yet rise1 to cle>] insight into _! ess5ce1 _! limits1 _! practical results4 ,& if x be ^!1 ! old laws ( "r & wrong1 :i* ?is au?or & 8 s*ool call inv>iable & immutable1 we %all1 ,i tru/1 mo/ he>tily agree ) !m2 only wond]+ :y a moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w seems to !m s v rec5t a discov]y4 ,b we %all n agree ) !m1 ,i tru/1 :5 !y repres5t ^! inv>iable & immutable laws z result+ 9 any inevitable sequ5ce1 or irresi/ible gr[?4 ,we %all n d5y a sequ5ce--,reason =bids t2 or aga91 a gr[?--,exp]i5ce =bids t3 b we %all be puzzl$ to see :y a law1 because x is immutable itself1 %\ld produce inevitable results2 & if !y quote ! facts ( mat]ial nature aga9/ u1 we %all be ready to meet !m on t v gr\nd1 & ask3--,y say t z ! laws ( matt] are inevitable1 s probably are ! laws ( human life8 ,be x s3 b 9 :at s5se are ! laws ( matt] inevitable8 ,pot5tially1 or actually8 ,ev5 9 ! seem+ly mo/ uni=m & univ]sal law1 :]e d we f9d ! inevitable or ! irresi/ible8 ,is !re n 9 nature a p]petual competition ( law aga9/ law1 =ce aga9/ =ce1 produc+ ! mo/ endless & unexpect$ v>iety ( results8 ,_c ea* law be int]f]$ ) at any mom5t by "s o!r law1 s t ! fir/ law1 ?\gh x may /ruggle = ! ma/]y1 %all be = an indef9ite "t utt]ly defeat$8 ,! law ( gravity is immutable en\gh3 b d all /ones inevitably fall to ! gr\nd8 ,c]ta9ly n1 if ,i *oose to cat* "o1 & keep x 9 my h&4 ,x rema9s !re by laws2 & ! law ( gravity is !re too1 mak+ x feel heavy 9 my h&3 b x has n fall5 to ! gr\nd1 & w n1 till ,i let x4 ,s mu* = ! inevitable action ( ! laws ( gravity1 z ( o!rs4 ,pot5tially1 x is immutable2 b actually x c be conqu]$ by o!r laws4 ,i really beg y\r p>don = occupy+ y "h ) su* truisms3 b ,i mu/ put ! /ud5ts ( ?is ,univ]sity 9 m9d ( !m1 z long z too _m mod]n ?9k]s %all *oose to ignore !m4 ,ev5 if !n1 z x seems to me1 ! hi/ory ( mank9d dep5d$ m]ely on physical laws1 analog\s to ^? :i* gov]n ! re/ ( nature1 x w\ld be a hopeless task = u to discov] an inevitable sequ5ce 9 ,hi/ory1 ev5 ?\gh we might suppose t su* exi/$4 ,b z long z man has ! my/]i\s p[] ( break+ ! laws ( 8 own be+1 su* a sequ5ce n only _c be discov]$1 b x _c exi/4 ,= man c break ! laws ( 8 own be+1 :e!r physical1 intellectual1 or moral4 ,he breaks !m e day1 & has always be5 break+ !m4 ,! great] numb] ( !m he _c obey till he kn[s !m4 ,& too _m ( !m he _c "k1 alas1 till he has brok5 !m2 & paid ! p5alty ( 8 ignorance4 ,he does n1 l ! brute or ! vegetable1 ?rive by laws ( :i* he is n consci\s3 b by laws ( :i* he becomes gradually consci\s2 & :i* he c disobey aft] all4 ,& !re=e x seems to me v l a juggle ( words to draw analogies f ! physical & irrational _w1 & apply !m to ! moral & rational _w2 & mo/ unwise to bridge ov] ! gulf betwe5 ! two by su* adjectives z 'irresi/ible' or 'inevitable1' su* n\ns z 'ord]1 sequ5ce1 law'--:i* mu/ be> an utt]ly diff]5t mean+1 accord+ z !y are appli$ to physical be+s or to moral ones4 ,inde$1 s pat5t is ! ambiguity1 t ,i _c fancy t x has escap$ ! au?or & 8 s*ool2 & am driv51 by m]e respect = _! logical p[]s1 to suppose t !y mean no ambiguity at all2 t !y d n conceive ( irrational be+s z diff]+ f rational be+s1 or ! physical f ! moral1 or ! body ( man f 8 _s1 9 k9d & prop]ty2 & t ! immutable laws :i* !y repres5t z gov]n+ human life & hi/ory h no?+ at all to d ) ^? laws ( "r & wrong1 :i* ,i int5d to set =? to y1 z ! 'ev]la/+ judgm5ts ( ,god4' ,9 :i* case1 ,i fe>1 !y mu/ g _! way2 :ile we g ours2 confess+ t !re is an ord]1 & !re is a law1 = man2 & t if he di/urb t ord]1 or break t law 9 anywise1 !y w prove !mselves too /rong = him1 & reass]t !mselves1 & g =w>d1 gr9d+ him to p[d] if he /ubbornly try to /op _! way4 ,b we mu/ ass]t too1 t 8 disob$i5ce to !m1 ev5 = a mom5t1 has di/urb$ ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 & brok5 t inevitable sequ5ce1 :i* we may f9d inde$1 9 our own imag9ations1 z long z we sit ) a book 9 our /udies3 b :i* vani%es ! mom5t t we /ep outside into practical contact ) life2 &1 in/ead ( talk+ *e]fully ( a necess>y & ord]ly progress1 f9d ourselves m incl9$ to cry ) ! cynical man ( ! _w3 ',all ! w9dy ways ( m51 ,are b du/ t rises up2 ,& is lightly laid aga94' ,! usual rejo9d] to ?is argum5t is to fall back ^u man's weakness & ignorance1 & to take refuge 9 ! inf9ite unkn[n4 ,man1 x is said1 may ( c\rse int]f]e a little ) "s ( ! less important laws ( 8 be+3 b :o is he1 to grapple ) ! m va/ & remote ones8 ,because he c prev5t a pebble f fall+1 is he to suppose t he c alt] ! de/9y ( nations1 & grapple =soo? ) '! et]nities & ! imm5sities1' & s =?8 ,! argum5t is v p[]ful3 b addre/ r to ! imag9ation ?an ! reason4 ,x is1 aft] all1 ano!r =m ( ! old omne ignotum pro magnifico2 & we may answ]1 ,i ?9k fairly--,ab\t ! et]nities & imm5sities we "k no?+1 n hav+ be5 !re z yet2 b x is a m]e assumption to suppose1 )\t pro(1 t ! m remote & impalpable laws are m va/1 9 ! s5se ( be+ m p[]ful 7! only s5se :i* really be>s ^u ! argum5t71 ?an ! laws :i* are palpably at "w ar\nd u all day long2 & if we are capable ( int]f]+ ) almo/ e law ( human life :i* we "k ( already1 x is m philosophical to believe 7till disprov$ by actual failure7 t we c int]f]e ) ^? laws ( our life :i* we may "k h]eaft]4 ,:e!r x w pay u to int]f]e ) !m1 is a diff]5t "q4 ,x is n prud5t to int]f]e ) ! laws ( heal?1 & x may n be ) o!r laws1 h]eaft] to be discov]$4 ,i am only plead+ t man c disobey ! laws ( 8 be+2 t su* p[] has always be5 a di/urb+ =ce 9 ! progress ( ! human race1 :i* mod]n !ories too ha/ily ov]look2 & t ! sci5ce ( hi/ory 7unless ! exi/5ce ( ! human w be d5i$7 mu/ belong r to ! moral sci5ces1 ?an to t 'positive sci5ce' :i* seems to me incl9$ to r$uce all human pha5om5a "u physical laws1 ha/ily assum$1 by ! old fallacy ( ,greek text1 to apply :]e !re is no pro( :atsoev] t !y d or ev5 c apply4 ,z = ! "q ( ! exi/5ce ( ! human w--,i am n "h1 ,i hope1 to argue t4 ,i %all only beg leave to assume its exi/5ce1 = practical purposes4 ,i may be told 7?\gh ,i tru/ n 9 ?is ,univ]sity71 t x is1 l ! undulatory !ory ( light1 an unphilosophical 'hypo!sis4' ,be t z x may1 x is v conv5i5t 7& may be = a few c5turies to come7 to reta9 ! said 'hypo!sis1' z "o reta9s ! undulatory !ory2 & = ! simple reason1 t ) x "o c expla9 ! pha5om5a tol]ably2 & )\t x _c expla9 !m at all4 ,a dread 7half-unconsci\s1 x may be7 ( ?is la/ practical result1 seems to h cross$ ! m9d ( ! au?or on :om ,i h be5 comm5t+2 = he confesses1 hone/ly en\gh 7& he writes ?r\gh\t l an hone/ man7 t 9 human life 'no rational ?9k] hopes to discov] m ?an "s few prim>y actions ( law1 & "s approximative !ory ( gr[?4' ,i h high] hopes ( a possible sci5ce ( hi/ory2 because ,i fall back on ^? old moral laws1 :i* ,i ?9k he wi%es to ignore3 b ,i c conceive t he w n2 because he _c1 on 8 own def9itions ( law & gr[?4 ,!y are 7if ,i und]/& him aright7 to be irresi/ible & inevitable4 ,i say t !y are n s1 ev5 9 ! case ( trees & /ones2 mu* m 9 ! _w ( man4 ,facts1 :5 he goes on to v]ify 8 !ories1 w leave him ) a v few prim>y actions ( law1 a v fa9t approximative !ory2 because 8 !ories1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 w n "w4 ,at ! fir/ /ep1 at e /ep1 !y are /opp$ %ort by ^? di/urb+ =ces1 or at lea/ di/urb$ pha5om5a1 :i* h be5 z yet1 & probably w be h]eaft]1 attribut$ 7z ! only explanation ( !m7 to ! exi/5ce1 = good & evil1 ( a human w4 ,let u look 9 detail at a few ( ^! di/urbances ( any?+ l inevitable or irresi/ible movem5t4 ,%all we n1 at ! v fir/ glance1 confess--,i am afraid only too soon--t !re always h be5 fools !re92 fools ( :om no man c\ld guess1 or c yet1 :at !y 7 go+ to d next or :y !y 7 go+ to d x8 ,& h[1 pray1 c we talk ( ! inevitable1 9 ! face ( t "o mis]able fact ( human folly1 :e!r ( ignorance or ( passion1 folly /ill8 ,!re may be laws ( folly1 z !re are laws ( disease2 & :e!r !re are or n1 we may le>n mu* wisdom f folly2 we may see :at ! true laws ( humanity are1 by see+ ! p5alties :i* come f break+ !m3 b z = laws :i* "w ( !mselves1 by an irresi/ible movem5t1--h[ c we discov] su* 9 a pa/ 9 :i* e law :i* we "k has be5 outrag$ aga9 & aga98 ,take "o ( ! highe/ in/ances--! progress ( ! human intellect--,i d n mean j n[ ! spread ( consci\s sci5ce1 b ( t unconsci\s sci5ce :i* we call common s5se4 ,:at hope h we ( lay+ d[n exact laws = its gr[?1 9 a _w :]e9 x has be5 ignor$1 insult$1 cru%$1 a ?\s& times1 sometimes 9 :ole nations & = :ole g5]ations1 by ! /upidity1 tyranny1 gre$1 caprice ( a s+le rul]2 or if n s1 yet by ! m]e sup]/ition1 laz9ess1 s5suality1 an>*y ( ! mob8 ,h[1 aga91 are we to arrive at any exact laws ( ! increase ( population1 9 a race :i* has _h1 f ! beg9n+1 ! abnormal & truly mon/r\s habit ( slaught]+ ea* o!r1 n = food--= 9 a race ( normal cannibals1 ! ratio ( increase or decrease might easily be calculat$--b uselessly1 f rage1 hate1 fanaticism1 or ev5 m]e wantonness8 ,no man is less incl9$ ?an ,i to und]value vital /ati/ics1 & _! already admirable results3 b h[ c !y help u1 & h[ c we help !m1 9 look+ at su* a pa/ z t ( ?ree- f\r?s ( ! nations ( ! _w8 ,look--z a s+le in/ance among too _m--at t mo/ noble nation ( ,g]many1 swept & /unn$1 by peasant w>s1 ?irty ye>s' w>s1 ,fr5* w>s1 & aft] ea* hurricane1 blossom+ up aga9 into brave indu/ry & brave ?\ght1 to be 9 its turn cut (f by a fre% /orm ere x c\ld be> full fruit3 do+ nev]!less su* "w1 aga9/ su* fe>ful disadvantages1 z nation nev] did be=e2 & prov+ !reby :at %e might h done = humanity1 _h n %e1 ! "m ( all ,european life1 be5 dev\r$1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 by h] own unnatural *ildr54 ,nev]!less1 %e is _! "m /ill2 & h] hi/ory1 z ,i believe1 ! root-hi/ory ( ,europe3 b x is h>d to read--! sibyll9e leaves are s fanta/ically torn1 ! *>act]s s blott$ out by te>s & blood4 ,& if su* be ! hi/ory ( n "o nation only1 b ( ! av]age1 h[1 ,i ask1 are we to make calculations ab\t su* a species z man8 ,_m mod]n m5 ( sci5ce wi% to draw ! normal laws ( human life f ! av]age ( humanity3 ,i "q :e!r !y c d s2 because ,i d n believe ! av]age man to be ! normal man1 exhibit+ ! normal laws3 b a v abnormal man1 diseas$ & crippl$1 b ev5 if _! me?od 7 correct1 x c\ld "w 9 practice1 only if ! de/9ies ( m5 7 always decid$ by majorities3 & grant+ t ! majority ( m5 h common s5se1 are ! m9ority ( fools to c\nt = no?+8 ,are !y p[]less8 ,h !y _h no influ5ce on ,hi/ory8 ,h !y ev5 be5 always a m9ority1 & n at times a t]rible majority1 do+ ea* t :i* 0 "r 9 ! sight ( 8 own eyes8 ,y c surely answ] t "q = y\rselves4 ,z f> z my small k ( ,hi/ory goes1 ,i ?9k x may be prov$ f facts1 t any giv5 p1 d[n to ! l[e/ savages1 has1 at any p]iod ( its life1 kn[n f> m ?an x has done2 kn[n q en\gh to h enabl$ x to h got on com=tably1 ?riv51 & develop$2 if x _h only done1 :at no man does1 all t x knew x ought to d1 & c\ld d4 ,/4 ,paul's exp]i5ce ( himself is true ( all mank9d--',! good :i* ,i w\ld1 ,i d n2 & ! evil :i* ,i w\ld n1 t ,i d4' ,! discrepancy betwe5 ! am\nt ( k & ! am\nt ( "w1 is "o ( ! mo/ pat5t & mo/ pa9ful facts :i* /rikes u 9 ! hi/ory ( man2 & "o n c]ta9ly to be expla9$ on any !ory ( man's progress be+ ! effect ( inevitable laws1 or "o :i* gives u mu* hope ( asc]ta9+ fix$ laws = t progress4 ,& be> 9 m9d1 t fools are n always m]ely imbecile & ob/ructive2 !y are at times f]oci\s1 dang]\s1 mad4 ,!re is 9 human nature :at ,goe! us$ to call a demoniac elem5t1 defy+ all law1 & all induction2 & we c1 ,i fe>1 f t "o cause1 z easily calculate ! progress ( ! human race1 z we c calculate t ( ! v9es ^u ! slopes ( ,a,etna1 ) ! lava ready to boil up & ov]:elm !m at any & e mom5t4 ,let u le>n1 9 ,god's "n1 all we c1 f ! %ort int]vals ( av]age peace & common s5se3 let u1 or r our gr&*ildr51 get preci\s lessons f !m = ! next p]iod ( sanity4 ,b let u n be surpris$1 mu* less di%e>t5$1 if aft] le>n+ a v little1 "s unexpect$ & truly demoniac factor1 ,anabapti/ w>1 ,fr5* revolution1 or o!r1 %\ld toss all our calculations to ! w9ds1 & set u to beg9 afre%1 sadd] & wis] m54 ,we may le>n1 d\btless1 ev5 m ( ! real facts ( human nature1 ! real laws ( human hi/ory1 f ^! critical p]iods1 :5 ! root-fibres ( ! human he>t are laid b>e1 = good & evil1 ?an f any smoo? & respectable p]iods ( peace & pl5ty3 nev]!less _! lessons are n /ati/ical1 b moral4 ,b if human folly has be5 a di/urb+ =ce = evil1 surely human reason has be5 a di/urb+ =ce = good4 ,man c n only disobey ! laws ( 8 be+1 he c also *oose betwe5 !m1 to an ext5t :i* sci5ce wid5s e day1 & s become1 :at he 0 meant to be1 an artificial be+2 artificial 9 8 manufactures1 habits1 society1 polity--:at n8 ,all day long he has a free *oice betwe5 ev5 physical laws1 :i* m]e ?+s h n1 & :i* make ! laws ( m]e ?+s inapplicable to him4 ,take ! simple/ case4 ,if he falls into ! wat]1 he has 8 *oice :e!r he w obey ! laws ( gravity & s9k1 or by o!r laws p]=m ! 7to him7 artificial process ( swimm+1 & get a%ore4 ,true1 bo? w\ld happ5 by law3 b he has 8 *oice :i* law %all conqu]1 s9k or swim4 ,we h yet to le>n :y :ole nations1 :y all mank9d may n use ! same prud5tial p[] z to :i* law !y %all obey1--:i*1 )\t break+ x1 !y %all conqu] & repress1 z long z seems good to !m4 ,x is true1 nature mu/ be obey$ 9 ord] t %e may he conqu]$3 b !n %e is to be ,,conqu]$4 ,x has be5 too mu* ! fa%ion ( late to trave/ie t great dictum ( ,bacon's into a v diff]5t "o1 & say1 ,nature mu/ be obey$ because %e _c be conqu]$2 ?us proclaim+ ! impot5ce ( sci5ce to discov] any?+ save h] own impot5ce--a result z contr>y to fact1 z to ,bacon's own hopes ( :at sci5ce w\ld d = ! welf>e ( ! human race4 ,= :at is all human inv5tion1 b ! transc5d+ & conqu]+ "o natural law by ano!r8 ,:at is ! practical answ] :i* all mank9d has be5 mak+ to nature & h] pret5sions1 :5ev] x has progress$ "o /ep s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! _w3 by :i* all discov]]s h discov]$1 all tea*]s taught3 by :i* all polities1 k+doms1 civilizations1 arts1 manufactures1 h e/abli%$ !mselves2 all :o h rais$ !mselves above ! mob h fac$ ! mob1 & conqu]$ ! mob1 crucifi$ by !m fir/ & wor%ipp$ by !m aft]w>ds3 by :i* ! fir/ savage conqu]$ ! natural law :i* put wild bea/s 9 ! =e/1 by kill+ !m2 conqu]$ ! natural law :i* makes raw meat :olesome1 by cook+ x2 conqu]$ ! natural law :i* made we$s gr[ at 8 hut door1 by root+ !m up1 & plant+ corn in/ead2 & won 8 fir/ spurs 9 ! great battle ( man aga9/ nature1 prov+ !reby t he 0 a man1 & n an ape8 ,:at b ?is8--',nature is /rong1 b ,i am /rong]4 ,i "k h] wor?1 b ,i "k my own4 ,i tru/ h] & h] laws1 b my tru/y s]vant %e %all be1 & n my tyrant2 & if %e int]f]e ) my ideal1 ev5 ) my p]sonal com=t1 !n ,nature & ,i w fight x out to ! la/ gasp1 & ,heav5 def5d ! "r6' ,9 =gett+ ?is1 9 my humble op9ion1 lay ! error ( ! e>ly1 or laissez faire ,s*ool ( ,political ,economy4 ,x 0 too mu* incl9$ to say to m53 ',y are ! puppets ( c]ta9 natural laws4 ,y\r own freewill & *oice1 if !y really exi/1 exi/ m]ely z a dang]\s disease4 ,all y c d is to submit to ! laws1 & drift :i!rsoev] !y may c>ry y1 = good or evil4' ,b n less c]ta9ly 0 ! same blame to be atta*$ to ! ,fr5* ,sociali/ ,s*ool4 ,x1 ?\gh bas$ on a revolt f ! ,philosophie du neant1 philosophie de la mis]e1 z x us$ to t]m ! laissez faire ,s*ool1 yet reta9$ ! wor/ fallacy ( its foe1 namely1 t man 0 ! creature ( circum/ances2 & d5i$ him j z mu* z its antagoni/ ! possession ( freewill1 or at lea/ ! "r to use freewill on any l>ge scale4 ,! laissez faire ,s*ool 0 c]ta9ly ! m logical ( ! two4 ,) !m1 if man 0 ! creature ( circum/ances1 ^? circum/ances 7 at lea/ def9$ = him by ext]nal laws :i* he _h n creat$3 :ile ! ,sociali/s1 ) ,f\ri] at _! head 7z x has always seem$ to me71 fell into ! extraord9>y p>adox ( suppos+ t ?\gh man 0 ! creature ( circum/ances1 he 0 to become happy by creat+ ! v circum/ances :i* 7 aft]w>ds to create him4 ,b bo? ( !m err$1 surely1 9 ignor+ t self-arbitrat+ p[] ( man1 by :i* he c1 = good or = evil1 rebel aga9/ & conqu] circum/ance4 ,i am n1 surely1 ov]/epp+ my prov9ce z ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 9 allud+ to ?is subject4 ,j notions ( ,political ,economy are absolutely necess>y to j notions ( ,hi/ory2 & ,i %\ld wi% ^? "y g5tlem5 :o may att5d my ,lectures1 to g fir/1 7 x possible1 to my m le>n$ bro!r1 ! ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy1 & get f him n m]ely exact habits ( ?\ght1 b a k :i* ,i _c give1 & yet :i* !y ought to possess4 ,= to take ! v l[e/ gr\nd1 ! fir/ fact ( hi/ory is1 ,b\*e va t\j\rs2 :atev] m5 h or h n done1 !y h always eat51 or tri$ to eat2 & ! laws :i* regulate ! supply ( ! fir/ necess>ies ( life are1 aft] all1 ! fir/ :i* %\ld be le>nt1 & ! la/ :i* %\ld be ignor$4 ,! m mod]n s*ool1 h[ev]1 ( ,political ,economy :ile giv+ due weight to circum/ance1 has refus$ to ackn[l$ge x z ! =ce :i* ought to det]m9e all human life2 & our greate/ liv+ political economi/ has1 9 8 ,essay on ,lib]ty1 put 9 a plea unequall$ s9ce ! ,areopagitica ( ,milton1 = ! self-det]m9+ p[] ( ! individual1 & = 8 "r to use t p[]4 ,b my bus9ess is n ) rights1 s mu* z ) facts2 & z a fact1 surely1 "o may say1 t ?is inv5tive reason ( man has be51 9 all ages1 int]f]+ ) any ?+ l an inevitable sequ5ce or ord]ly progress ( humanity4 ,"s ( ^? writ]s1 inde$1 :o are mo/ anxi\s to discov] an exact ord]1 are mo/ l\d 9 _! compla9ts t x has be5 int]f]$ ) by ov]-legislation2 & rejoice t mank9d is return+ to a heal?i] frame ( m9d1 & leav+ nature alone to h] own "w 9 h] own way4 ,i d n altoge!r agree ) _! compla9ts2 b ( t ,i hope to speak 9 subsequ5t lectures4 ,mean:ile1 ,i mu/ ask1 if 7z is said7 mo/ good legislation n[-a-days consi/s 9 repeal+ old laws :i* ought nev] to h be5 pass$2 if 7z is said7 ! great fault ( our =efa!rs 0 t !y 7 cont9ually sett+ ?+s wrong1 by int]m$dl+ 9 matt]s political1 economic1 religi\s1 :i* %\ld h be5 let alone1 to develop !mselves 9 _! own way1 :at becomes ( ! inevitable laws1 & ! cont9u\s progress1 ( ! human m9d8 ,look aga9 at ! di/urb+ p[]1 n m]ely ( ! g5]al reason ( ! _m1 b ( ! g5ius ( ! few4 ,i am n sure1 b t ! "o fact1 t g5ius is occasionally pres5t 9 ! _w1 is n en\gh to prev5t our ev] discov]+ any regul> sequ5ce 9 human progress1 pa/ or future4 ,let me expla9 myself4 ,9 addition to ! inf9ite v>iety ( individual *>act]s cont9ually born 79 itself a cause ( p]petual di/urbance71 man alone ( all species has ! faculty ( produc+1 f "t to "t1 individuals immeasurably sup]ior to ! av]age 9 "s po9t or o!r1 :om we call m5 ( g5ius4 ,l ,mr4 ,babbage's calculat+ ma*9e1 human nature gives millions ( ord]ly respectable common-place results1 :i* any /ati/ician c classify1 & enables ha/y philosoph]s to say--,x always has gone on ?us2 x mu/ g on ?us always2 :5 behold1 aft] _m millions ( ord]ly results1 !re turns up a seem+ly disord]ly1 a c]ta9ly unexpect$1 result1 & ! law seems brok5 7be+ really sup]s$$ by "s deep] law7 = t once1 & p]haps nev] aga9 = c5turies4 ,ev5 s x is ) man1 & ! physiological laws :i* det]m9e ! e>?ly appe>ance ( m54 ,laws !re are1 d\bt x n2 b !y are beyond u3 & let our induction be z wide z x may1 !y w baffle x2 & great nature1 j z we fancy we h f\nd out h] secret1 w smile 9 our faces z %e br+s into ! _w a man1 ! l ( :om we h nev] se51 & _c expla91 def9e1 classify--9 "o ^w1 a g5ius4 ,su* d1 z a fact1 become lead]s ( m5 into q new & unexpect$ pa?s1 &1 = good or evil1 leave _! /amp ^u :ole g5]ations & races4 ,notori\s z ?is may be1 x is j1 ,i ?9k1 :at mo/ mod]n !ories ( human progress ignore4 ,!y take ! actions & ! t5d5cies ( ! av]age _m1 & f !m con/ruct _! s*eme3 a me?od n p]haps q safe 7 !y deal+ ) plants or animals2 b :at if x be ! v peculi>ity ( ?is fanta/ic & altoge!r unique creature call$ man1 n only t he develops1 f "t to "t1 ^! exceptional individuals1 b t !y are ! mo/ important individuals ( all8 t 8 c\rse is decid$ = him n by ! av]age _m1 b by ! extraord9>y few2 t "o ,mahomm$1 "o ,lu!r1 "o ,bacon1 "o ,napoleon1 %all *ange ! ?\ghts & habits ( millions8--,s t in/ead ( say+ t ! hi/ory ( mank9d is ! hi/ory ( ! masses1 x w\ld be mu* m true to say1 t ! hi/ory ( mank9d is ! hi/ory ( its great m52 & t a true philosophy ( hi/ory ought to decl>e ! laws--call !m physical1 spiritual1 biological1 or :at we *oose--by :i* great m9ds h be5 produc$ into ! _w1 z necess>y results1 ea* 9 8 place & "t4 ,t w\ld be a sci5ce inde$2 h[ f> we are z yet f any su*1 y "k z well z ,i4 ,z yet1 ! appe>ance ( great m9ds is z inexplicable to u z if !y _h dropp$ among u f ano!r planet4 ,:o w tell u :y !y h aris5 :5 !y did1 & :y !y did :at !y did1 & no?+ else8 ,i d n d5y t su* a sci5ce is conceivable2 because ea* m9d1 h[ev] great or /range1 may be ! result ( fix$ & un]r+ laws ( life3 & x is conceivable1 too1 t su* a sci5ce may s p]fectly expla9 ! pa/1 z to be able to pr$ict ! future2 & tell m5 :5 a fre% g5ius is likely to arise & ( :at =m 8 intellect w be4 ,conceivable3 b ,i fe> only conceivable2 if = no o!r reason1 at lea/ = ?is "o4 ,we may grant safely t ! m9d ( ,lu!r 0 ! necess>y result ( a comb9ation ( natural laws4 ,we may g fur!r1 & grant1 b by no means safely1 t ,lu!r1 0 ! creature ( circum/ances1 t !re 0 no self- mov+ orig9ality 9 him1 b t 8 age made him :at he 04 ,to "s mod]n m9ds ^! concessions remove all difficulty & my/]y3 b n1 ,i tru/1 to our m9ds4 ,= does n ! v puzzle de quo agitur rema9 equally real2 namely1 :y ! av]age ( ,augu/9e monks1 ! av]age ( ,g]man m51 did n1 by be+ expos$ to ! same av]age circum/ances z ,lu!r1 become :at ,lu!r 08 ,b :e!r we all[ ,lu!r to h be5 a p]son ) an orig9ally diff]5t "* f all o!rs1 or :e!r we hold him to h be5 ! m]e puppet ( outside influ5ces1 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds discov]+ h[ he became :at he 01 w be to f9d out :at he 04 ,x w be m easy1 &1 ,i am sorry to say1 m common to settle be=eh& our !ory1 & expla9 by x su* p>ts ( ,lu!r z w fit x2 & call ^? :i* w n fit x h>d names4 ,hi/ory is (t5 s taught1 & ! me?od is popul> & lucrative4 ,b we "h %all be ( op9ion1 ,i am sure1 t we only c le>n causes ?r\gh _! effects2 we c only le>n ! laws :i* produc$ ,lu!r1 by le>n+ ,lu!r himself2 by analyz+ 8 :ole "*2 by gaug+ all 8 p[]s2 & t--unless ! less c compreh5d ! great]--we _c d till we are m ?an ,lu!r himself4 ,i repeat x4 ,none c compreh5d a man1 unless he be great] ?an t man4 ,he mu/ be n m]ely equal to him1 because none c see 9 ano!r elem5ts ( "* :i* he has n already se5 9 himself3 he mu/ be great]2 because to compreh5d him ?or\ghly1 he mu/ be able to judge ! man's fail+s z well z 8 excell5cies2 to see n only :y he did :at he did1 b :y he did n d m3 9 a ^w1 he mu/ be ne>] ?an 8 object is to ! ideal man4 ,& if x be assum$ t ,i am quibbl+ on ! words 'compreh5d' & 'great]1' t ! obs]v] ne$ be great] only pot5tially1 & n 9 act2 t all ! compreh5sion requir$ ( him1 is to h 9 himself ! g]ms ( o!r m5's faculties1 )\t hav+ develop$ ^? g]ms 9 life2 ,i mu/ /ill /& to my ass]tion4 ,= su* a rejo9d] ignores ! mo/ my/]i\s elem5t ( all "*1 :i* we call /r5g?3 by virtue ( :i*1 ( two seem+ly simil> *>act]s1 :ile "o does no?+1 ! o!r %all d great ?+s2 :ile 9 "o ! g]ms ( intellect & virtue rema9 comp>atively embryonic1 passive1 & weak1 9 ! o!r ^! same g]ms %all develop into manhood1 action1 success4 ,& 9 :at t same /r5g? consi/s1 n ev5 ! dramatic imag9ation ( a ,%akespe>e c\ld discov]4 ,:at are ^? he>t-r5d+ sonnets ( 81 b ! confession t ov] & above all 8 p[]s he lack$ "o ?+1 & knew n :at x 01 or :]e to f9d x--& t 0--to be /rong8 ,& yet he :o w give u a sci5ce ( great m51 mu/ beg9 by hav+ a l>g] he>t1 a ke5] insight1 a m v>y+ human exp]i5ce1 ?an ,%akespe>e's own2 :ile ^? :o (f] u a sci5ce ( little m51 & attempt to expla9 hi/ory & progress by laws drawn f ! av]age ( mank9d1 are utt]ly at sea ! mom5t !y come 9 contact ) ! v m5 ^: actions make ! hi/ory1 to ^: ?\ght ! progress is due4 ,& :y8 ,because 7s at lea/ ,i ?9k7 ! new sci5ce ( little m5 c be no sci5ce at all3 because ! av]age man is n ! normal man1 & nev] yet has be52 because ! great man is r ! normal man1 z approa*+ m ne>ly ?an 8 fell[s to ! true 'norma' & /&>d ( a complete human "*2 & !re=e to pass him by z a m]e irregul> sport ( nature1 an accid5tal giant ) six f+]s & six toes1 & to turn to ! mob = y\r !ory ( humanity1 is 7,i ?9k7 ab\t z wise z to ignore ! ,apollo & ! ,!seus1 & to det]m9e ! proportions ( ! human figure f a cr[d ( dw>fs & cripples4 ,no1 let u n we>y ourselves ) n>r[ !ories1 ) ha/y inductions1 :i* w1 a c5tury h5ce1 furni% m]e matt] = a smile4 ,let u conf9e ourselves1 at lea/ 9 ! pres5t infantile /ate ( ! an?ropologic sci5ces1 to facts2 to asc]ta9+ hone/ly & pati5tly ! ?+ :i* has be5 done2 tru/+ t if we make ourselves ma/]s ( !m1 "s rays ( inductive light w be v\*saf$ to u f ,him :o truly compreh5ds mank9d1 & kn[s :at is 9 man1 because ,he is ! ,son ( ,man2 :o has ,8 own true !ory ( human progress1 ,8 own s\nd me?od ( educat+ ! human race1 p]fectly good1 & p]fectly wise1 & at la/1 p]fectly victori\s2 :i* nev]!less1 7 x reveal$ to u to-morr[1 we c\ld n und]/&2 = if he :o w\ld compreh5d ,lu!r mu/ be m ?an ,lu!r1 :at mu/ he be1 :o w\ld compreh5d ,god8 ,look aga91 z a result ( ! di/urb+ =ce ( g5ius1 at ! effects ( great inv5tions--h[ unexpect$1 complex1 subtle1 all b miracul\s--?r[+ out alike ! pa? ( human hi/ory1 & ! calculations ( ! /ud5t4 ,if physical discov]ies produc$ only physical or economic results--if ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ _h only produc$ m books1 & m k--if ! inv5tion ( gunp[d] _h only caus$ m or less m5 to be kill$--if ! inv5tion ( ! sp9n+-j5ny _h only produc$ m cotton-/uffs1 m employm5t1 & !re=e m human be+s1--!n _! effects w\ld h be51 h[ev] complex1 m or less subjects ( exact computation4 ,b s /rangely int]wov5 is ! physical & spiritual hi/ory ( man1 t mat]ial inv5tions produce cont9ually ! mo/ unexpect$ spiritual results4 ,pr9t+ becomes a religi\s ag5t1 causes n m]ely m books1 b a ,prote/ant ,re=mation2 !n aga91 ?r\gh ! ,jesuit lit]ature1 helps to a ,romani/ c\nt]-re=mation2 & by ! cla%+ ( ! two1 is "o ( ! great causes ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 "o ( ! mo/ disa/r\s *ecks :i* ,european progress ev] suff]$4 ,gunp[d]1 aga91 n cont5t ) kill+ m51 becomes unexpect$ly a political ag5t2 '! villan\s saltpetre1' z ,ario/o & ,%akespe>e's fop compla91 'does to dea? _m a goodly g5tleman1' & enables ! masses to cope1 = ! fir/ "t1 ) knights 9 arm\r2 ?us =m+ a mo/ important ag5t 9 ! rise ( ! middle classes2 :ile ! sp9n+-j5ny1 n cont5t ) furni%+ facts = ! political economi/1 & employm5t = millions1 helps to ext5d slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & gives rise to moral & political que/ions1 :i* may h1 ere !y be solv$1 ! mo/ pa9ful consequ5ces to "o ( ! greate/ nations on e>?4 ,s f> remov$ is ! sequ5ce ( human hi/ory f any ?+ :i* we c call irresi/ible or inevitable4 ,did "o d>e to deal 9 epi!ts1 crook$1 wayw>d1 my/]i\s1 incalculable1 w\ld be ^? :i* w\ld r sugge/ !mselves to a man look+ /eadily n at a few facts "h & !re1 & n aga9 at "s ha/y bird's-eye sket*1 :i* he *ooses to call a :ole1 b at ! actual :ole1 fact by fact1 /ep by /ep1 & alas6 failure by failure1 & crime by crime4 ,und]/& me1 ,i beg4 ,i d n wi% 7,heav5 =bid67 to disc\rage inductive ?\ght2 ,i d n wi% to und]value exact sci5ce4 ,i only ask t ! moral _w1 :i* is j z mu* ! doma9 ( inductive sci5ce z ! physical "o1 be n ignor$2 t ! trem5d\s difficulties ( analyz+ its ph5om5a be fairly fac$2 & ! hope giv5 up1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 ( =m+ any exact sci5ce ( hi/ory2 & ,i wi% to w>n y (f f ! too common mi/ake ( try+ to expla9 ! my/]ies ( ! spiritual _w by a few r\ghly def9$ physical laws 7= too mu* ( our mod]n ?\ght does little m ?an t72 & ( ignor+ z old fa%ion$1 or ev5 sup]/iti\s1 ^? great moral laws ( hi/ory1 :i* are sanction$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ages4 ,=emo/ among !m /&s a law :i* ,i mu/ insi/ on1 boldly & p]petually1 if ,i wi% 7z ,i d wi%7 to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,sir ,james ,/eph53 a law :i* man has be5 try+ 9 all ages1 z n[1 to d5y1 or at lea/ to ignore2 ?\gh he might h se5 x if he _h will$1 work+ /eadily 9 all times & nations4 ,& t is--t z ! fruit ( righte\sness is weal? & peace1 /r5g? & hon\r2 ! fruit ( unrighte\sness is pov]ty & an>*y1 weakness & %ame4 ,x is an anci5t doctr9e1 & yet "o ev] "y4 ,! ,hebrew prophets prea*$ x long ago1 9 words :i* are fulfill+ !mselves ar\nd u e day1 & :i* no new discov]ies ( sci5ce w abrogate1 because !y express ! great root-law1 :i* disobey$1 sci5ce itself _c get a he>+4 ,= n ^u m9d1 g5tlem51 n ^u m9d1 b ^u morals1 is human welf>e f\nd$4 ,! true subjective hi/ory ( man is ! hi/ory n ( 8 ?\ght1 b ( 8 consci5ce2 ! true objective hi/ory ( man is n t ( 8 inv5tions1 b ( 8 vices & 8 virtues4 ,s f> f morals dep5d+ ^u ?\ght1 ?\ght1 ,i believe1 dep5ds on morals4 ,9 proportion z a nation is righte\s1--9 proportion z common ju/ice is done betwe5 man & man1 w ?\ght gr[ rapidly1 securely1 triumphantly2 w its discov]ies be *e]fully accept$1 & fai?fully obey$1 to ! welf>e ( ! :ole commonweal4 ,b :]e a nation is corrupt1 t is1 :]e ! majority ( individuals 9 x are bad1 & ju/ice is n done betwe5 man & man1 !re ?\ght w )]1 & sci5ce w be ei!r cru%$ by frivolity & s5suality1 or abus$ to ! ends ( tyranny1 ambition1 pr(ligacy1 till %e h]self p]i%es1 amid ! g5]al ru9 ( all good ?+s2 z %e _h done 9 ,greece1 9 ,rome1 9 ,spa91 9 ,*9a1 & _m o!r l&s4 ,laws ( economy1 ( polity1 ( heal?1 ( all :i* makes human life endurable1 may be ignor$ & trampl$ "u foot1 & are too (t51 e day1 = ! sake ( pres5t gre$1 ( pres5t passion2 self-int]e/ may become1 & w become1 m & m bl9d$1 j 9 proportion z x is n enlight5$ by virtue2 till a nation may arrive1 ?\gh1 ?ank ,god1 b seldom1 at t /ate ( frantic recklessness :i* ,salvian describes among 8 ,roman c\ntrym5 9 ,gaul1 :51 :ile ! ,franks 7 ?und]+ at _! gates1 & />v$ & half-burnt corpses lay ab\t ! ungu>d$ /reets1 ! remnant1 l t 9 doom$ ,j]usalem ( old1 7 dr9k+1 dic+1 ravi%+1 robb+ ! orphan & ! wid[1 sw9dl+ ! poor man out ( 8 plot ( gr\nd1 & s5d+ mean:ile to ! tott]+ ,caes> at ,rome1 to ask1 n = armies1 b = ,circ5sian games4 ,we _c see h[ sci5ce c\ld h bett]$ ^? poor ,gauls4 ,& we c conceive1 surely1 a nation fall+ into ! same madness1 & cry+ ',let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die1' 9 ! mid/ ( railroads1 sp9n+-j5nies1 electric telegraphs1 & cry/al palaces1 ) inf9ite blue-books & sci5tific treatises ready to prove to !m1 :at !y knew p]fectly well already1 t !y 7 mak+ a v unpr(itable inve/m5t1 bo? ( money & ( "t4 ,= sci5ce inde$ is great3 b %e is n ! greate/4 ,%e is an in/rum5t1 & n a p[]2 b5efic5t or deadly1 accord+ z %e is wield$ by ! h& ( virtue or ( vice4 ,b h] lawful mi/ress1 ! only "o :i* c use h] aright1 ! only "o "u :om %e c truly gr[1 & prosp]1 & prove h] div9e desc5t1 is ,virtue1 ! lik5ess ( ,almighty ,god4 ,?is1 inde$1 ! ,hebrew ,prophets1 :o knew no sci5ce 9 "o s5se ( ! ^w1 d n expressly say3 b x is a coroll>y f _! doctr9e1 :i* we may discov] = ourselves1 if we w look at ! nations r\nd u n[1 if we w look at all ! nations :i* h be54 ,ev5 ,voltaire himself ackn[l$g$ t2 & :5 he po9t$ to ! ,*9ese z ! mo/ prosp]\s nation ^u e>?1 ascrib$ _! prosp]ity uni=mly to _! virtue4 ,we n[ "k t he 0 wrong 9 fact3 = we h discov]$ t ,*9ese civilization is "o n ( peace & pl5ty1 b ( an>*y & wret*$ness4 ,b t fact only goes to corroborate ! belief1 :i* 7/range juxtaposition67 0 common to ,voltaire & ! old ,hebrew ,prophets at :om he sc(f$1 namely1 t virtue is weal?1 & vice is ru94 ,= we h f\nd t ^! ,*9ese1 ! rul+ classes ( !m at lea/1 are an especially unrighte\s p2 rott+ ^u ! rott+ remnants ( ! wisdom & virtue ( _! =efa!rs1 :i* n[ live only on _! lips 9 fl[]y maxims ab\t ju/ice & m]cy & tru?1 z a cloak = practical hypocrisy & villany2 & we h discov]$ also1 z a pat5t fact1 j :at ! ,hebrew ,prophets w\ld h =etold u--t ! mis]ies & horrors :i* are n[ de/roy+ ! ,*9ese ,empire1 are ! direct & organic results ( ! moral pr(ligacy ( its inhabitants4 ,i "k no mod]n nation1 moreov]1 :i* illu/rates s =cibly z ,*9a ! great hi/oric law :i* ! ,hebrew ,prophets proclaim2 & t is ?is3--,t z ! prosp]ity ( a nation is ! correlative ( _! morals1 s are _! morals ! correlative ( _! !ology4 ,z a p behaves1 s x ?rives2 z x believes1 s x behaves4 ,su* z 8 ,gods are1 su* w ! man be2 d[n to t l[e/ po9t :i* too _m ( ! ,*9ese seem to h rea*$1 :]e1 hav+ no ,gods1 he himself becomes no man2 b 7z ,i he> y see him at ! ,au/ralian digg+s7 abhorr$ = 8 f\l crimes ev5 by ! scum ( ,europe4 ,i d n say t ! !ology always produces ! morals1 any m ?an t ! morals always produce ! !ology4 ,ea* is1 ,i ?9k1 alt]nately cause & effect4 ,m5 make ! ,gods 9 _! own lik5ess2 !n !y copy ! lik5ess !y h set up4 ,b :i*ev] be cause1 & :i*ev] effect1 ! law1 ,i believe1 /&s true1 t on ! two toge!r dep5ds ! physical welf>e ( a p4 ,hi/ory gives u _m examples1 9 :i* sup]/ition1 _m aga9 9 :i* pr(ligacy1 h be5 ! pat5t cause ( a nation's deoradation4 ,x does n1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 give u a s+le case ( a nation's ?riv+ & develop+ :5 deeply infect$ ) ei!r ( ^? two vices4 ,^!1 ! broad & simple laws ( moral retribution1 we may see 9 hi/ory2 & 7,i hope7 some?+ m ?an !m2 some?+ ( a g5]al me?od1 some?+ ( an upw>d progress1 ?\gh any ?+ b an irresi/ible or inevitable "o4 ,= ,i h n argu$ t !re is no ord]1 no progress--,god =bid4 ,7 !re no ord] to be f\nd1 :at c\ld ! /ud5t ) a man's reason 9 him d1 b 9 due "t g mad8--,7 !re no progress1 :at c\ld ! /ud5t ) a man's he>t )9 him d1 b 9 due "t break 8 he>t1 ov] ! sight ( a *aos ( folly & mis]y irr$eemable8--,i only argue t ! ord] & ! progress ( human hi/ory _c be simil> to ^? :i* gov]n irrational be+s1 & _c 7)\t extreme dang]7 be describ$ by metaphors 7= !y are no?+ /rong]7 drawn f physical sci5ce4 ,if !re be an ord]1 a progress1 !y mu/ be moral2 fit = ! guidance ( moral be+s2 limit$ by ! ob$i5ce :i* ^? moral be+s pay to :at !y "k4 ,& su* an ord]1 su* a progress z t1 ,i h good hope t we %all f9d 9 hi/ory4 ,we %all f9d1 z ,i believe1 9 all ! ages1 ,god educat+ man2 protect+ him till he c g alone1 furni%+ him ) ! prim>y necess>ies1 tea*+ him1 guid+ him1 inspir+ him1 z we %\ld d to our *ildr52 be>+ ) him1 & =giv+ him too1 aga9 & aga91 z we %\ld d3 b tea*+ him )al 7z we %all d if we be wise7 9 great "p by 8 own exp]i5ce1 mak+ him te/ = himself1 ev5 by failure & pa91 ! tru? ( ! laws :i* h be5 giv5 him2 discov] = himself1 z mu* z possible1 fre% laws1 or fre% applications ( laws2 & ex]cis+ 8 w & faculties1 by tru/+ him to himself :]ev] he c be tru/$ )\t 8 f9al de/ruction4 ,?is is my conception ( hi/ory1 especially ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory--( hi/ory s9ce ! ,revelation ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i express myself feebly en\gh1 ,i "k4 ,& ev5 c\ld ,i express :at ,i mean p]fectly1 x w\ld /ill be b a p>tial analogy1 n to be pu%$ into details4 ,z ,i said j n[1 7 ! true law ( human progress reveal$ to u to- morr[1 we c\ld n und]/& x4 ,= suppose t ! !ory 7 true1 :i* ,dr4 ,temple ( ,rugby has lately put into su* noble words3 suppose t1 z he says1 ',! p[] :]eby ! pres5t ev] ga!rs into itself ! results ( ! pa/1 trans=ms ! human race into a colossal man1 ^: life rea*es f ! creation to ! day ( judgm5t4 ,! successive g5]ations ( m51 are days 9 ?is man's life4 ,! discov]ies & inv5tions :i* *>act]ize ! diff]5t epo*s ( ! _w1 are ?is man's works4 ,! cre$s & doctr9es1 ! op9ions & pr9ciples ( ! successive ages1 are 8 ?\ghts4 ,! /ate ( society at diff]5t times1 are 8 mann]s4 ,he gr[s 9 k1 9 self-control1 9 visible size1 j z we d4' ,suppose all ?is2 & suppose too1 t ,god is educat+ ?is 8 colossal *ild1 z we educate our own *ildr52 x w h>dly foll[ f !nce t 8 education w\ld be1 z ,dr4 ,temple says x is1 precisely simil> to ours4 ,analog\s x may be1 b n precisely simil>2 & = ?is reason3 ,t ! collective man1 9 ! !ory1 mu/ be inf9itely m complex 9 8 organization ?an ! individuals ( :i* he is compos$4 ,:ile betwe5 ! educator ( ! "o & ( ! o!r1 !re is simply ! diff]5ce betwe5 a man & ,god4 ,h[ mu* m complex !n mu/ 8 education be6 h[ all-inscrutable to human m9ds mu* 9 x6--(t5 z inscrutable z w\ld our tra9+ ( our *ildr5 seem to ! bird brood+ ov] h] "y ones 9 ! ne/4 ,! p>5tal relations 9 all ?ree cases may be--! ,scriptures say t !y are--expansions ( ! same great law2 ! key to all hi/ory may be conta9$ 9 ^? great words--',h[ (t5 w\ld ,i h ga!r$ ?y *ildr5 z a h5 ga!re? h] *ick5s "u h] w+s4' ,yet ev5 !re ! analogy /ops %ort--'b ?\ w\lde/ n' expresses a new elem5t1 :i* has no place 9 ! tra9+ ( ! ne/l+ by ! dam1 ?\gh x has place 9 our tra9+ ( our *ildr52 ev5 t self-w1 t p[] ( disob$i5ce1 :i* is ! d>k side ( man's pr]ogative z a rational & self-cultivat+ be+4 ,"h t analogy fails1 z we %\ld h expect$ x to d2 & 9 a hundr$ o!r po9ts x fails1 or r transc5ds s utt]ly its orig9al type1 t mank9d seems1 at mom5ts1 ! m]e puppet ( ^? laws ( natural selection1 & competition ( species1 ( :i* we h he>d s mu* ( late2 &1 to give a s+le in/ance1 ! seem+ wa/e1 ( human ?\ght1 ( human agony1 ( human p[]1 seems b ano!r in/ance ( t inscrutable prodigality ( nature1 by :i*1 ( a ?\s& acorns dropp+ to ! gr\nd1 b "o %all become ! ?+ x c become1 & gr[ into a build] oak1 ! re/ be craun*$ up by ! ne>e/ sw9e4 ,yet ^! d>k passages ( human life may be only necess>y elem5ts ( ! complex education ( our race2 & z mu* m]cy "u a fe>ful %ape1 z ours :5 we put ! *ild we love "u ! surgeon's knife4 ,at lea/ we may believe s2 believe t !y h a moral end1 ?\gh t end be unse5 by u2 & )\t any ra% or n>r[ pry+ into f9al causes 7a trick z fatal to hi/oric rese>* z ,bacon said x 0 to sci5ce71 we may ju/ify ,god by fai?1 :]e we _c ju/ify ,him by exp]i5ce4 ,surely ?is w be ! philosophic me?od4 ,if we seem to ourselves to h discov]$ a law1 we d n ?r[ x away ! mom5t we f9d pha5om5a :i* w n be expla9$ by x4 ,we use ^? pha5om5a to correct & to exp& our law4 ,& ?is belief t ,hi/ory is ',god educat+ man1' is no m]e hypo!sis2 x results f ! obs]vation ( ?\s&s ( m9ds1 ?r\gh\t ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,x has long seem$--,i tru/ x w seem /ill--! be/ explanation ( ! /range de$s ( t /range be+1 man3 & :]e we f9d 9 hi/ory facts :i* seem to contradict x1 we %all n ca/ away ra%ly or angrily ei!r x or !m3 b if we be ,bacon's true disciples1 we %all use !m pati5tly & rev]5tly to correct & exp& our notions ( ! law itself1 & rise !reby to m deep & j conceptions ( education1 ( man1 &--x may be--( ,god ,himself4 ,9 proportion z we look at hi/ory ?us2 se>*+ = effective1 r ?an f9al causes1 & cont5t to see ,god work+ ev]y:]e1 )\t imp]t95tly dem&+ ( ,him a reason = ,8 de$s1 we %all /udy 9 a frame ( m9d equally remov$ f sup]/ition on ! "o h&1 & necessit>ianism on ! o!r4 ,we %all n be afraid to confess natural ag5cies3 b nei!r %all we be afraid to confess ^? sup]natural causes :i* und]lie all exi/5ce1 save ,god's alone4 ,we %all talk ( m ?an ( an ov]-rul+ ,provid5ce4 ,t su* exi/s1 w seem to u a pat5t fact4 ,b x w seem to u some:at ,mani*aean to believe t ! _w is ill made1 mank9d a failure1 & t all ,god has to d ) !m1 is to set !m "r "h & !re1 :5 !y g intol]ably wrong4 ,we %all believe n m]ely 9 an ov]- rul+ ,provid5ce1 b 7if ,i may d>e to co9 a ^w7 9 an "u-rul+ "o1 :i* has fix$ = mank9d et]nal laws ( life1 heal?1 gr[?1 bo? physical & spiritual2 9 an ar\nd-rul+ ,provid5ce1 likewise1 by :i* circum/ances1 t :i* /&s ar\nd a man1 are p]petually arrang$1 x may be1 are =e-orda9$1 s t ea* law %all h at lea/ an opportunity ( tak+ effect on ! "r p]son1 9 ! "r "t & place2 & 9 an 9-rul+ ,provid5ce4 too1 f ^: inspiration comes all true ?\ght1 all "r feel+2 f :om1 we mu/ believe1 man alone ( all liv+ ?+s kn[n to u inh]its t my/]i\s faculty ( p]ceiv+ ! law b5ea? ! pha5om5a1 by virtue ( :i* he is a man4 ,b we c hold all ?is1 surely1 & equally hold all :i* natural sci5ce may tea* u4 ,hold :at natural sci5ce tea*es8 ,we %all n d>e n to hold x4 ,x w be sacr$ 9 our eyes4 ,all light :i* sci5ce1 political1 economic1 physiological1 or o!r1 c ?r[ ^u ! pa/1 w be welcom$ by u1 z com+ f ! ,au?or ( all light4 ,to ignore x1 ev5 to receive x suspici\sly & grudg+ly1 we %all feel to be a s9 aga9/ ,him4 ,we %all dread no 'inroads ( mat]ialism2' because we %all be /&+ ^u t spiritual gr\nd :i* und]lies--ay1 causes--! mat]ial4 ,all discov]ies ( sci5ce1 :e!r political or economic1 :e!r laws ( heal? or laws ( climate1 w be accept$ tru/fully & *e]fully4 ,& :5 we meet ) su* />tl+ speculations z ^? on ! influ5ce ( climate1 soil1 sc5]y on national "*1 :i* h lately excit$ s mu* controv]sy1 we %all welcome !m at fir/ sight1 j because !y give u hope ( ord] :]e we _h se5 only disord]1 law :]e we fanci$ *ance3 we %all v]ify !m pati5tly2 correct !m if !y ne$ correction2 & if prov51 believe t !y h work$1 & /ill "w1 ,greek text1 z factors 9 ! great me?od ( ,him :o has appo9t$ to all nations _! times1 & ! b\nds ( _! habitation1 if haply !y might feel aft] ,him1 & f9d ,him3 ?\gh ,he be n f> f any "o ( !m2 = 9 ,him we live1 & move1 & h our be+1 & are ! (fspr+ ( ,god ,himself4 ,i ?us end :at x seem$ to me prop] to say 9 ?is1 my ,inaugural ,lecture2 ?ank+ y mu* = ! pati5ce ) :i* y h he>d me3 & if ,i h 9 x too (t5 spok5 ( myself1 & my own op9ions1 ,i c only answ] t x is a fault :i* has be5 =c$ on me by my position1 & :i* w n occur aga94 ,x seem$ to me t "s sort ( /atem5t ( my belief 0 necess>y1 if only f respect to a ,univ]sity f :i* ,i h be5 long sep>at$1 & to return to :i* is to me a high hon\r & a deep pleasure2 & ,i _c b be aw>e 7x is be/ to be hone/7 t !re exi/s a prejudice aga9/ me 9 ! m9ds ( bett] m5 ?an ,i am1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 e>ly writ+s ( m9e4 ,t prejudice1 ,i tru/1 ) ,god's help1 ,i %all be able to dissipate4 ,at lea/ :atev] ,i %all fail 9 do+1 ?is ,univ]sity w f9d t ,i %all d "o ?+2 & t is1 obey ! ,apo/olic precept1 ',/udy to be quiet1 & to d y\r own bus9ess4' ,footnotes3 #a ,grimm1 ,grammatik1 ii4 p4 #eaf4 #b ,see ,grimm1 ,grammatik1 7#bnd edit47 vol4 i4 p4 #ajh2 vol4 ii4 p4 #eha4 #c ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,language1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bcb4 #d ,=/emann m5tions a ,lat9 inscription ( ! ?ird c5tury f\nd ne> ,wiesbad5 ) ! ,dative ,t\tiorigi4 #e ,g]man classics1 by ,m4 ,m4 p4 #ab4 #f ,anonym4 ,valesian4 ad calcem ,ann4 ,m>cell94 p4 #gbb4 ,gibbon1 cap4 xxxix2 n[ kn[n1 ?r\gh ,momms51 z ! ,annals ( ,rav5na4 #g ,grimm ?9ks t ,*>le-maigne & ,*>lemagne 7 orig9ally corruptions ( ,k>lo-man1 & 7 int]pret$ lat] z ,c>olus magnus4 ,grimm1 ,grammatik1 ii4 #dfb2 iii4 #cbj4 #h ,web]1 ,lehrbu* d] ,weltges*i*te1 section #bde3 ',bei ,v]ona von ,!od]i* 7dah] ,dietri* von ,b]n7 besiegt1 b>g si* ,odoak] h9t] die ,mau]n von ,rav5na4' ,x is mu* m objectionable :5 ,simrock 9 8 translation ( ! ,edda r5d]s ,?jodrekr by ,dietri*1 ?\gh he reta9s ,!odolf & simil> names4 ,b x %[s at ! same "t ! wide popul>ity ( t "n4 #i ,grimm1 ,held5sage1 p4 #cdd4 #aj ,gibbon1 *ap4 xxxix4 sub f94 #aa ,otto von ,freis+1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury 7,*ronicon #e1 #c71 takes ! opposite view1 & ?9ks ! fable d]iv$ f hi/ory3 ',ob ea non multis po/ diebus1 xxx imp]ii sui anno1 subitanea morte rapitur ac juxta beati ,gregorii dialogum 7#d1 #cf7 a ,joanne et ,symma*o 9 ,aetnam praecipitatus1 a quodam hom9e ,dei c]nitur4 ,h9c puto fabulam illam traductam1 qua vulgo dicitur3 ,!odoricus vivus equo s$5s ad inf]os desc5dit4 #ab ,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,held5sage1 p4 #cf4 ,*ronicon ,ursp]g5se1 #he;a3 ,haec ,jordanis quidam grammaticus1 ex eorundem /irpe ,go?orum prog5itus1 de ,get>um orig9e et ,amalorum nobilitate non omnia1 quae de eis scribuntur et ref]untur1 ut ipse dicit1 complexus ex>avit1 s$ brevius pro r]um notitia huic opusculo ins]uimus4 ,8 p]lectis dilig5t]que p]spectis p]p5dat1 qui disc]n]e nov]it1 quomodo illud ratum t5eatur1 quod non solum vulg>ifabulatione et cantil5>um modulatione usitatur1 v]um etiam 9 quibusdam *ronicis annotatur2 scilicet quod ,h]m5ricus tempore ,m>tiani pr9cipis sup] omnes ,go?os regnav]it1 et ,!odoricum ,dietm>i filium1 patruelem suum1 ut dicunt1 in/imulante ,odoacre1 item1 ut ajunt1 patruele suo de ,v]ona pulsum1 apud ,attilam ,hunorum regem exul>e coeg]it1 cum hi/oriographus n>ret1 ,erm5ricum regem ,go?orum multis regibus dom9antem tempore ,val5t9iani et ,val5tis fratrum regnasse et a duobus fratribus ,s>o et ,ammio1 quos conjicimus eos fuisse1 qui vulg>it] ,s>elo et ,hamidiecus dicuntur1 vuln]atum 9 primordio egressionis ,hunorum p] ,maeotidem paludem1 quibus rex fuit ,valamb]1 tam vuln]is quam ,hunorum irruptionis dolore defunctum fuisse1 ,attilam v]o po/ea ultra ,,lxx annos sub ,m>tiano et ,val5t9iano cum ,romanis et ,wisigo?is ,aetioque duce ,romanorum pugnasse et sub eisdem pr9cipibus regno vitaque decessisse4 4 4 4 ,h9c r]um dilig5s inspector p]p5dat1 quomodo ,erm5ricus ,!odoricum ,dietm>i filium apud ,attilam exul>e coeg]it1 cum juxta hunc hi/oriographum contemporalis ejus non fuit4 ,igitur aut hic falsa conscripsit1 aut vulg>is op9io fallitur et fallit1 aut alius ,erm5ricus et alms ,!odoricus d&i sunt ,attilae contemporanei1 9 quibus hujus modi r]um conv5i5tia rata possit hab]i4 ,hic enim ,erm5ricus longe ante ,attilam legitur defunctus4 #ac ,*ronicon1 #e1 #c3 ,quod autem rursum n>rant1 eum ,h]man>ico ,attilaeque contemporaneum fuisse1 omn9o />e non pote/1 dum ,attilam longe po/ ,h]man>icum con/at ex]cuisse tyrannidem i/umque po/ mortem ,attilae oct5nem a patre obsidem ,leoni ,augu/o traditum4 #ad ,*ronicon1 #af1 #dha3 ,quod autem quidam dicunt1 ipsum ,!odoricum fuisse ,h]m5rico ,v]on5si et ,attilae contemporaneum1 non e/ v]um4 ,con/at enim ,attilam longe po/ ,h]m5ricum fuisse ,!odoricum etiam longe po/ mortem ,attilae1 quum esset pu] oct5nis1 ,leoni imp]atori 9 obsidem datum fuisse4 #ai ,! e>ly romanc]s1 & especially ,a*illes ,tatius1 give pictures ( ,roman pra$ial slav]y too pa9ful to quote4 ,roman dome/ic slav]y is n to be describ$ by ! p5 ( an ,engli%man4 ,& ,i mu/ express my sorr[1 t 9 ! face ( su* notori\s facts1 "s h ( late tri$ to prove ,am]ican slav]y to be z bad z1 or ev5 worse ?an1 t ( ,rome4 ,god =bid6 ,:atsoev] may h be5 ! s9s ( ! ,s\!rn g5tleman1 he is at lea/ a ,teuton1 & n a ,roman2 a :ole moral heav5 above ! effem9ate wret*1 :o 9 ! #d? & #e? c5turies call$ himself a s5ator & a cl>issimus4 #aja ,dr4 ,%epp>d1 p4 #big4 #aji ,_h he actually tak5 ! "n ( ,!odoric1 ,!ud]ic1 ,dietri*1 :i* signifies mu* ! same ?+ z ',k+ ( nations'8 #aeh ,) we/-c\ntrym51 to 'scrattle' /ill means to scramble1 or %uffle ab\t4 #afb ,engli% ,language1 vol4 i4 p4 #bjj4 #bad ,cf4 ,montalemb]t4 ',mo9es d',occid5t4' #bgi ,sismondi ,hi/4 de la ,*ute de l',empire ,roma91 p4 #ahg4