,,fruits ,,( ,,philosophy ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,population ,,"q ,by ,*>les ,kn[lton ,edit$ by ,*>les ,bradlaugh & ,annie ,besant ,,publi%]s' ,,preface4 ,! pamphlet :i* we n[ pres5t to ! public is "o :i* has be5 lately prosecut$ "u ,"l ,gampbell's ,act1 & :i* we republi%1 9 ord] to te/ ! "r ( publication4 ,x 0 orig9ally writt5 by ,*>les ,kn[lton1 ,m4 ,d41 ^: degree entitles him to be he>d ) respect on a m$ical "q4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 by ,james ,watson1 ! gallant radical1 :o came to ,london & took up ,ri*>d ,c>lile's "w1 :5 ,c>lile 0 9 jail4 ,he sold x1 un*all5g$1 = _m ye>s1 approv$ x1 & recomm5d$ x4 ,x 0 pr9t$ & publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,holyoake ,co41 & f\nd its place1 ) o!r works ( a simil> "*1 9 _! ,free?\ght ,directory1 ( #ahec1 & 0 ?us id5tifi$ ) free?\ght lit]ature at ! !n lead+ free?\ght depot ,mr4 ,au/9 ,holyoake1 work+ 9 con-junction ) ,mr4 ,bradlaugh at ! ,national ,re=m] (fice1 ,johnson's ,c\rt1 pr9t$ & publi%$ x 9 8 turn1 & ?is well-kn[n free?\ght advocate1 9 8 ,l>ge or ,small ,families1 select$ ?is pamphlet1 toge!r ) ,r4 ,d4 ,ow5's ,moral ,physiology & ! ,elem5ts ( ,social ,sci5ce1 = special recomm5dation4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,watts1 succe$+ to ,mr4 ,au/9 ,holyoake's bus9ess1 cont9u$ ! sale1 &1 :5 ,mr4 ,watson di$1 9 #ahge1 he b\ght ! plates ( ! "w 7) o!rs7 f ,mrs4 ,watson1 & cont9u$ to adv]tise & to sell x until ,decemb] #bc1 #ahgf4 ,= ! la/ =ty ye>s ! book has ?us be5 id5tifi$ ) free?\ght1 adv]tis$ by lead+ free?9k]s1 publi%$ "u ! sanction ( _! names1 & sold 9 ! headqu>t]s ( free?\ght lit]ature4 ,if1 dur+ ?is long p]iod1 ! p>ty has ?us--)\t "o ^w ( prote/--circulat$ an indec5t "w1 ! less we talk ab\t free?\ght morality ! bett]2 ! "w has be5 l>gely sold1 &1 if lead+ free?9k]s h sold x--pr(it+ by ! sale--?r\gh m]e c>elessness1 few words c\ld be /rong en\gh to br& ! indiff]5ce :i* ?us scatt]$ obsc5ity broadca/ ov] ! l&4 ,! pamphlet has be5 )drawn f circulation 9 consequ5ce ( ! prosecution in/itut$ aga9/ ,mr4 ,*>les ,watts1 b ! "q ( its legality or illegality has n be5 tri$2 a plea ( ,guilty 0 put 9 by ! publi%]1 & ! book1 !re=e1 0 n exam9$1 nor 0 any judgm5t pass$ ^u x2 no jury regi/]$ a v]dict1 & ! judge /at$ t he _h n read ! "w4 ,we republi% ?is pamphlet1 hone/ly believ+ t on all que/ions affect+ ! happ9ess ( ! p1 :e!r !y be !ological1 political or social1 fulle/ "r ( free discussion ought to be ma9ta9$ at all haz>ds4 ,we d n p]sonally indorse all t ,dr4 ,kn[les says3 8 ,philosophical ,proem seems to u full ( philosophical mi/akes1 &--z we are nei!r ( u doctors--we are n prep>$ to indorse 8 m$ical views2 b s9ce progress c only be made ?r\gh discussion1 & no discussion is possible :]e diff]+ op9ions are suppress$1 we claim ! "r to publi% all op9ions1 s t ! public1 enabl$ to see all sides ( a "q1 may h ! mat]ials = =m+ a s\nd judgm5t4 ,! alt]ations made are v slight1 ! book 0 badly pr9t$1 & errors ( spell+ & a few clumsy grammatical expressions h be5 correct$2 ! subtitle has be5 *ang$1 & 9 "o case f\r l9es h be5 omitt$1 because !y are repeat$ ^w = ^w fur!r on4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 made "s additions to ! pamphlet1 :i* are 9 all cases kept di/9ct f ! orig9al text4 ,physiology has made great /rides dur+ ! pa/ =ty ye>s1 & n consid]+ x "r to circulate errone\s physiology1 we submitt$ ! pamphlet to a doctor 9 ^: accurate k we h ! fulle/ confid5ce1 & :o is widely kn[n 9 all p>ts ( ! _w z ! au?or ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,social ,sci5ce2 ! notes sign$ ,g4 ,b4 are writt5 by ?is g5tleman4 ,ref]5ces to o!r works are giv5 9 foot-notes = ! assi/ance ( ! read]1 if he desires to /udy up ! subject fur!r4 ,old ,radicals w rememb] t ,ri*>d ,c>lile publi%$ a "w entitl$ ,e ,woman's ,book1 :i* deals ) ! same subject & advocates ! same object z ,dr4 ,kn[lton's pamphlet ,r4 ,d4 ,ow5 object$ to ! /yle & tone ( ,c>lile's ,e ,woman's ,book1 z n be+ 9 good ta/e1 & he wrote 8 ,moral ,physiology to d 9 ,am]ica :at ,c>lile's "w 0 int5d$ to d 9 ,engl&4 ,?is "w ( ,c>lile's 0 /igmatiz$ z indec5t & immoral1 because x advocat$1 z does ,dr4 ,kn[lton's1 ! use ( prev5tive *ecks to population4 ,9 /riv+ to c>ry on ,c>lile's "w1 we _c expect to escape ,c>lile's reproa*2 b1 :e!r applaud$ or condemn$1 we mean to c>ry x on1 socially z well z politically & !ologically4 ,we believe1 ) ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mal?us1 t population has a t5d5cy to increase fa/] ?an ! means ( exi/5ce1 & t "s *ecks mu/ !re=e ex]cise control ov] population4 ,! *ecks n[ ex]cis$ are semi-/>vation & prev5table disease2 ! enorm\s mortality among ! infants ( ! poor is "o ( ! *ecks :i* n[ keep d[n ! population4 ,! *ecks t ought to control population are sci5tific1 & x is ^! :i* we advocate4 ,we ?9k x m moral to prev5t ! conception ( *ildr5 ?an1 aft] !y are born1 to murd] !m by want ( food1 air & clo?+4 ,we advocate sci5tific *ecks to population1 because1 s long z poor m5 h l>ge families1 paup]ism is a necessity1 & f paup]ism gr[ crime & disease4 ,! wages :i* w\ld support ! p>5ts & two or ?ree *ildr5 9 com=t & dec5cy1 is utt]ly insuffici5t to ma9ta9 a family ( twelve or f\rte51 & we consid] x a crime to br+ into ! _w human be+s doom$ to mis]y or to premature dea?4 ,x is n only ! h>d-work+ classes :i* are conc]n$ 9 ?is "q4 ,! poor prea*]1 ! /ruggl+ man ( bus9ess1 ! "y pr(essional man1 are (t5 made wret*$ = life by _! inord9ately l>ge families1 & _! ye>s are pass$ 9 "o long battle to live2 mean:ile1 ! woman's heal? is sacrific$ & h] life embitt]$ f ! same cause4 ,to all ( ^! we po9t ! way ( relief & happ9ess2 = ! sake ( ^! we publi% :at o!rs fe> to issue2 & we d x confid5t t if we fail ! fir/ "t1 we %all succe$ at la/1 & t ! ,engli% public w n p]mit ! au?orities to /ifle a discussion ( ! mo/ important social "q :i* c influ5ce a nation's welf>e4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh4 ,annie ,besant4 ,,philosophical ,,proem ,consci\sness is n a pr9ciple or sub/ance ( any k9d1 nor is x1 /rictly speak+1 a prop]ty ( any sub/ance or be+4 ,x is a peculi> action ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 & ! sy/em is said to be s5sible1 or to possess ! prop]ty ( s5sibility1 because ^? s5ti5t actions :i* con/itute our diff]5t consci\snesses may be excit$ 9 x4 ,! n]v\s sy/em includes n only ! bra9 & sp9al m>r[1 b num]\s s(t :ite cords1 call$ n]ves1 :i* ext5d f ! bra9 & sp9al m>r[ to e "p ( ! body 9 :i* a s5sation c be excit$4 ,a s5sation is a s5ti5t action ( a n]ve & ! bra92 a ?\ght or idea 7bo? ! same ?+7 is a s5ti5t action ( ! bra9 alone4 ,a s5sation or a ?\ght is consci\sness1 & !re is no consci\sness b t :i* consi/s ei!r 9 a s5sation or a ?\ght4 ,agreeable consci\sness con/itutes :at we call happ9ess1 & disagreeable consci\sness con/itutes mis]y4 ,z s5sations are a high] degree ( consci\sness ?an m]e ?\ght1 x foll[s t agreeable s5sations con/itute a m exquisite happ9ess ?an agreeable ?\ghts4 ,t portion ( happ9ess :i* consi/s 9 agreeable s5sations is commonly call$ pleasure4 ,no ?\ghts are agreeable except ^? :i* 7 orig9ally excit$ by or h be5 associat$ ) agreeable s5sations4 ,h5ce1 if a p]son nev] _h exp]i5c$ any agreeable s5sations1 he c\ld h no agreeable ?\ghts1 & w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be an entire /rang] to happ9ess4 ,!re are five species ( s5sations--see+1 he>+1 smell+1 ta/+ & feel+4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( feel+--z ! feel+s ( hung]1 ?ir/1 cold1 h>dness1 etc4 ,_m ( ^! feel+s are excit$ by ag5ts t act ^u ! ext]ior ( ! body1 su* z solid sub/ances ( e k9d1 heat1 & v>i\s *emical irritants4 ,^! latt] feel+s are call$ passions4 ,^? passions :i* owe _! exi/5ce *iefly to ! /ate ( ! bra91 or to causes act+ directly ^u ! bra91 are call$ ! moral passion4 ,!y are grief1 ang]1 love1 etc4 ,!y consi/ ( s5ti5t actions1 :i* comm5ce 9 ! bra9 & ext5d to ! n]ves 9 ! region ( ! /oma*1 etc4 ,b :5 ! cause ( ! int]nal feel+ ( passion is seat$ 9 "s organ remote f ! bra91 z 9 ! /oma*1 g5ital organs1 etc41 ! s5ti5t action :i* con/itutes ! passion comm5ces 9 ! n]ves ( su* organ & ext5ds to ! bra91 & ! passion is call$ an appetite1 in/9ct1 or desire4 ,"s ( ^! passions are natural1 z hung]1 ?ir/1 ! reproductive in/9ct1 ! desire to ur9ate1 etc4 ,o!rs are gradually acquir$ by habit ,a hank]+ = /imulants1 z spirits1 opium & tobacco1 is "o ( ^!4 ,su* is ! nature ( ?+s t our mo/ vivid & agreeable s5sations _c be excit$ "u all circum/ances1 nor beyond a c]ta9 ext5t "u any circum/ances1 )\t giv+ rise 9 "o way or ano!r to an am\nt ( disagreeable consci\sness or mis]y1 exce$+ ! am\nt ( agreeable consci\sness :i* att5ds su* ill-tim$ or excessive gratification4 ,to excite agreeable s5sations to a degree n exce$+ ?is c]ta9 ext5t is temp]ance2 to excite !m beyond ?is ext5t is intemp]ance2 n to excite !m at all is mortification or ab/95ce4 ,?is c]ta9 ext5t v>ies ) diff]5t individuals1 accord+ to _! sev]al circum/ances1 s t :at w\ld be temp]ance 9 "o p]son may be intemp]ance 9 ano!r4 ,to be free f disagreeable consci\sness is to be 9 a /ate :i*1 comp>$ ) a /ate ( mis]y1 is a happy /ate2 yet absolute happ9ess does n exi/ 9 ! abs5ce ( mis]y1 if x does1 rocks are happy4 ,x consi/s1 z a=esaid1 9 agreeable consci\sness4 ,t :i* enables a p]son to excite or ma9ta9 agreeable consci\sness is n happ9ess2 b ! idea ( hav+ su* 9 "o's possession is agreeable1 & ( c\rse is a portion ( happ9ess4 ,heal? & weal? g f> 9 enabl+ a p]son to excite & ma9ta9 agreeable consci\sness4 ,t :i* gives rise to agreeable consci\sness is good1 & we desire x4 ,if we use x intemp]ately1 su* use is bad1 b ! ?+ itself is /ill good4 ,^? acts 7& int5tions are acts ( t "p ( man :i* int5ds7 ( human be+s :i* t5d to ! promotion ( happ9ess are good1 b !y are also call$ virtu\s1 to di/+ui% !m f o!r ?+s ( ! same t5d5cy4 ,!re is no?+ = ! ^w virtue to signify1 b virtu\s actions4 ,s9 signifies no?+ b s9ful actions1 & s9ful1 wick$1 vici\s1 or bad actions are ^? :i* are productive ( m mis]y ?an happ9ess4 ,:5 an individual gratifies any ( 8 in/9cts 9 a temp]ate degree1 he adds an item to ! sum total ( human happ9ess1 & causes ! am\nt ( human happ9ess to exce$ ! am\nt ( mis]y f>!r ?an if he _h n enjoy$ himself1 !re=e x is virtu\s1 or1 to say ! lea/1 x is n vici\s or s9ful = him to d s4 ,b x mu/ ev] be rememb]$ t ?is temp]ate degree dep5ds on circum/ances2 t "o p]son's heal?1 pecuni>y circum/ances1 or social relation may be su* t x w\ld cause m mis]y ?an happ9ess = him to d an act :i* be+ done by a p]son "u diff]5t circum/ances w\ld cause m happ9ess ?an mis]y4 ,!re=e1 x w\ld be "r = ! latt] to p]=m su* act1 b n = ! =m]4 ,aga93 ow+ to 8 ignorance1 a man may n be able to gratify a desire )\t caus+ mis]y 7:]e=e x w\ld be wrong = him to d x71 b ) k ( means to prev5t ?is mis]y1 he may s gratify x t m pleasure ?an pa9 w be ! result ( ! act1 9 :i* case ! act1 to say ! lea/1 is ju/ifiable4 ,n[1 !re=e1 x is virtu\s1 nay1 x is ! duty1 = him :o has a k ( su* means1 to convey x to ^? :o h x n1 = by s do+ he fur!rs ! cause ( human happ9ess4 ,man by nature is end[$ ) ! tal5t ( devis+ means to rem$y or prev5t ! evils t are liable to arise f gratify+ our appetites2 & x is z mu* ! duty ( ! physician to in=m mank9d ( ! means to prev5t ! evils t are liable to arise f gratify+ ! productive in/9ct z x is to in=m !m h[ to keep cle> ( ! g\t or dyspepsia4 ,let n ! old ascetic say we ought n to gratify our appetites any fur!r ?an is necess>y to ma9ta9 heal? & to p]petuate ! species4 ,mank9d w n s ab/a91 & if any means to prev5t ! evils t may arise f a f>!r gratification c be devis$1 !y ne$ n4 ,heav5 has n only giv5 u ! capacity ( great] enjoym5t1 b ! tal5t ( devis+ means to prev5t ! evils t are liable to arise !refrom1 & x becomes u1 ) ?anksgiv+1 to make ! mo/ ( !m4 ,,fruits ,,( ,,philosophy4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,to ,,limit ,,at ,,w ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,_! ,,(fspr+ ,%[+ h[ desirable x is1 bo? 9 a political & a social po9t ( view1 = mank9d to be able to limit at ,,w ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,_! ,,(fspr+1 ,,)\t ,,sacrific+ ,,! ,,pleasure ,,t ,,att5ds ,,! ,,gratification ,,( ,,! ,,reproductive ,,in/9ct4 ,fir/4---,9 a political po9t ( view4--,if population be n re/ra9$ by "s great physical calamity1 su* z we h reason to hope w n h]eaft] be visit$ ^u ! *ildr5 ( m51 or by "s moral re/ra9t1 ! "t w come :5 ! e>? _c support its inhabitants4 ,population unre/ra9$ w d\ble ?ree times 9 a c5tury4 ,h5ce1 comput+ ! pres5t population ( ! e>? at #a1jjj millions1 !re w\ld be at ! end ( #ajj ye>s f ! pres5t "t1 #h1jjj millions4 ,at ! end ( #bjj ye>s1 #fd1jjj millions4 #cjj #eab1jjj ,& s on1 multiply+ by eight = e additional hundr$ ye>s4 ,s t 9 #ejj ye>s f ! pres5t "t !re w\ld be ?irty-two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & sixty eight times z _m inhabitants z at pres5t4 ,if ! natural increase %\ld g on )\t *eck = #a1ejj ye>s1 "o s+le pair w\ld increase to m ?an ?irty-five ?\s& "o hundr$ & eighty-f\r times z _m z ! pres5t population ( ! :ole e>?6 ,"s *eck !n !re mu/ be1 or ! "t w come :5 millions w be born b to suff] & to p]i% = ! necess>ies ( life4 ,to :at an inconceivable am\nt ( human mis]y w\ld su* a /ate ( ?+s give rise6 ,& mu/ we say t vice1 w>1 pe/il5ce & fam9e are desirable to prev5t x8 ,mu/ ! fri5ds ( temp]ance & dome/ic happ9ess /ay _! ef=ts8 ,mu/ peace societies excite to w> & blood%$8 ,mu/ ! physician cease to inve/igate ! nature ( contagion1 & to se>* = ! means ( de/roy+ its baneful influ5ce8 ,mu/ he t becomes diseas$ be m>k$ z a victim to die = public good1 )\t ! privilege ( mak+ an ef=t to re/ore him to heal?8 ,& 9 case ( a failure ( crops 9 "o "p ( ! _w1 mu/ ! o!r p>ts )hold ! means ( support+ life t ! f> great] evil ( excessive population ?r\gh\t ! _w may be prev5t$8 ,c !re be no effectual moral re/ra9t1 att5d$ ) f> less human mis]y ?an su* physical calamities z ^!8 ,mo/ surely !re c4 ,b :at is x8 ,mal?us1 an ,engli% writ] on ! subject ( population1 gives u none b celibacy to a late age4 ,b h[ fooli% x is to suppose t m5 & wom5 w become z monks & nuns dur+ ! v holiday ( _! exi/5ce1 & abjure dur+ ! faire/ ye>s ( life ! ne>e/ & de>e/ ( social relations1 to av]t a cata/rophe :i* !y & p]haps _! *ildr5 w n live to witness4 ,b1 besides be+ ineffectual1 or if effectual1 requir+ a great sacrifice ( enjoym5t1 ?is re/ra9t is highly objectionable on ! score ( its demoraliz+ t5d5cy4 ,x w\ld give rise to a frightful increase ( pro/itution1 ( intemp]ance & onanism1 & prove de/ructive to heal? & moral feel+s4 ,9 spite ( prea*+1 human nature w ev] rema9 ! same2 & t re/ra9t :i* =bids ! gratification ( ! reproductive in/9ct w avail b little ) ! mass ( mank9d4 ,! *ecks to be h]eaft] m5tion$ are ! only moral re/ra9ts to population kn[n to ! writ] t are unatt5d$ ) s]i\s objections4 ,besides />vation1 ) all its accompany+ evils1 ov]population is att5d$ ) o!r public evils1 ( :i* may be m5tion$1 ignorance & slav]y4 ,:]e ! mass ( ! p mu/ toil incessantly to obta9 support1 !y mu/ rema9 ignorant2 & :]e ignorance prevails1 tyranny reigns499 99 ,! sci5tific "p ( ,mal?us' ,doctr9e ( ,population is n v cle>ly or correctly giv5 9 ! above passages4 ,8 great !ory1 n[ or g5]ally held by ! mo/ em95t political economi/s1 is t ! increase ( population is always p[]fully *eck$ 9 old c\ntries by ! difficulty 9 increas+ ! supply ( food2 t ! exi/+ evils ( pov]ty & l[ wages are really at bottom caus$ by ?is *eck1 & are br\ght ab\t by ! pressure ( population on ! soil1 & ! cont9ual ov]/ock+ ( ! labor m>kets ) labor]s2 & h5ce t ! only way 9 :i* society c escape f pov]ty1 ) all its mis]ies1 is by putt+ a /rong re/ra9t on _! natural p[]s ( multiplication4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 he says1 t any p]man5t & g5]al improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! poor c be effect$ )\t an increase 9 ! prev5tive *ecks to population4--,g4 ,r4 ,second--,9 a social po9t ( view4--,is x n notori\s t ! families ( ! m>ri$ (t5 increase beyond :i* a reg>d = ! "y be+s com+ into ! _w1 & ! happ9ess ( ^? :o give !m bir?1 w\ld dictate4 ,9 h[ _m in/ances does ! h>d-work+ fa!r1 & m especially ! "m1 ( a poor family rema9 slave ?r\gh\t _! lives1 tugg+ at ! o> ( incessant labor1 toil+ to live1 & liv+ to toil2 :51 if _! (fspr+ _h be5 limit$ to two or ?ree only1 !y might h enjoy$ com=t & comp>ative afflu5ce8 ,h[ (t5 is ! heal? ( ! "m1 giv+ bir? e ye> to an infant--happy if x be n tw9s--& compell$ to toil on1 ev5 at ^? times :5 nature imp]i\sly calls = "s relief f daily drudg]y1--h[ (t5 is ! "m's com=t1 heal?1 nay1 ev5 h] life1 ?us sacrific$8 ,or if c>e & toil h weigh$ d[n ! _s1 & at l5g? brok5 ! heal? ( ! fa!r2 h[ (t5 is ! wid[ left unable1 ) ! mo/ virtu\s int5tions1 to save h] fa!rless (fspr+ f becom+ degrad$ objects ( *>ity1 or pr(ligate vot>ies ( vice6 ,nor is ?is all4 ,_m wom5 are s con/itut$ t !y _c give bir? to heal?y1 sometimes n to liv+ *ildr54 ,is x desirable1 is x moral1 t su* wom5 %\ld become pregnant8 ,yet ?is is cont9ually ! case4 ,o!rs !re are :o ought nev] to become p>5ts2 because1 if !y d1 x is only to transmit to _! (fspr+ griev\s h]$it>y diseases1 :i* r5d] su* (fspr+ m]e subjects ( mis]y ?r\gh\t _! sickly exi/5ce4 ,yet su* wom5 w n lead a life ( celibacy4 ,!y m>ry4 ,!y become p>5ts1 & ! sum ( human mis]y is increas$ by _! do+ s4 ,b x is folly to expect t we c induce su* p]sons to live ! lives ( ,%ak]s4 ,nor is x necess>y2 all t duty requires ( !m is to refra9 f becom+ p>5ts4 ,:o c e/imate ! b5eficial effect :i* a rational moral re/ra9t may ?us h on ! heal? & beauty & physical improvem5t ( our race ?r\gh\t future g5]ations8 ,let u n[ turn our att5tion to ! case ( unm>ri$ y\?4 ,almo/ all "y p]sons1 on rea*+ ! age ( maturity1 desire to m>ry4 ,t he>t mu/ be v cold1 or v isolat$1 t does n f9d "s object on :i* to be/[ its affections4 ,?us1 e>ly m>riage w\ld be almo/ univ]sal did n prud5tial consid]ation int]f]e4 ,! "y man ?9ks1 ',i _c m>ry yet2 ,i _c support a family4 ,i mu/ make money fir/1 & ?9k ( a matrimonial settlem5t aft]w>ds4' ,& s he goes to mak+ money1 fully & s9c]ely resolv$ 9 a few ye>s to %>e x ) h] :om he n[ loves4 ,b passions are /rong & temptations great4 ,curiosity1 p]haps1 introduces him into ! company ( ^? poor creatures :om society fir/ r$uces to a dep5d5ce on ! mo/ mis]able ( m]c5>y trades1 & !n curses = be+ :at %e has made !m4 ,!re 8 heal? & moral feel+s are alike made %ipwreck4 ,! affections he _h ?\ght to treasure up = _! fir/ object are *ill$ by dissipation & blunt$ by excess4 ,he sc>cely reta9s a passion b av>ice4 ,ye>s pass on--ye>s ( pr(ligacy & speculation--& 8 wi% is accompli%$1 8 =tune is made4 ,:]e n[ are ! feel+s & resolve ( 8 y\?8 ',l ! dew on ! m\nta91 ,l ! foam on ! riv]1 ,l ! bubbles on ! f\nta91 ,!y are gone--& =ev]4' ,he is a man ( pleasure1 a man ( ! _w4 ,he laughs at ! romance ( 8 y\?1 & m>ries a =tune4 ,if gaudy equipage & gay p>ties conf] happ9ess1 he is happy4 ,b if ^! be only ! sun%9e on ! /ormy sea bel[1 he is a victim to t sy/em ( morality :i* =bids a reputable connection until ! p]iod :5 provision has be5 made = a l>ge expect$ family4 ,_h he m>ri$ ! fir/ object ( 8 *oice1 & simply delay$ becom+ a fa!r until 8 prospects seem$ to w>rant x1 h[ diff]5t might h be5 8 lot4 ,until m5 & wom5 are absolv$ f ! fe> ( becom+ p>5ts1 except :5 !y !mselves desire x1 !y w ev] =m m]c5>y & demoraliz+ connections1 & seek 9 dissipation ! happ9ess !y might h f\nd 9 dome/ic life4 ,i "k t ?is1 h[ev] common1 is n a univ]sal case4 ,sometimes ! heavy responsibilities ( a family are incurr$ at all risks2 & :o %all say h[ (t5 a life ( unremitt+ toil & pov]ty is ! consequ5ce4 ,sometimes1 if ev5 r>ely1 ! "y m9d does hold its fir/ resolves4 ,! y\? plods ?r\gh ye>s ( cold celibacy & solit>y anxiety1 happy if1 be=e ! be/ h\rs ( 8 life are gone & its w>me/ feel+s )]$1 he may return to claim ! rew>d ( 8 =be>ance & 8 indu/ry4 ,b ev5 9 ?is comp>atively happy case1 %all we c\nt = no?+ ! ye>s ( ascetic sacrifice at :i* aft] happ9ess is pur*as$8 ,! days ( y\? are n too _m1 nor its affections too la/+4 ,we may1 inde$1 if a great object require x1 sacrifice ! "o & mortify ! o!r4 ,b is ?is1 9 itself1 desirable8 ,does n wisdom tell u t su* a sacrifice is a dead loss--to ! w>m-he>t$ (t5 a griev\s "o8 ,does n wisdom bid u temp]ately enjoy ! spr+times ( life1 ':ile ! evil day come n1 nor ! ye>s draw nigh1 :5 we %all say we h no pleasure 9 !m8' ,let u say1 !n1 if we w1 t ! y\? :o ?us sacrifices ! pres5t = ! future1 *ooses wisely betwe5 ! two evils1 pr(ligacy & asceticism4 ,?is is true4 ,b let u n imag9e ! less] evil to be good4 ,x is n good = man to be alone4 ,x is = no man or woman's happ9ess or b5efit t !y %\ld be condemn$ to ,%ak]ism4 ,x is a viol5ce done to ! feel+s & an injury to ! "*4 ,a life ( rigid celibacy1 ?\gh inf9itely pref]able to a life ( dissipation1 is yet fraught ) _m evils4 ,peevi%ness1 re/lessness1 vague long+s & in/ability ( "*1 are among/ ! lea/ ( ^!4 ,! m9d is unsettl$1 & ! judgm5t w>p$4 ,ev5 ! v in/9ct :i* is ?us mortifi$ assumes an undue importance1 & occupies a portion ( ! ?\ghts :i* does n ( "r or nature belong to x1 & :i*1 dur+ a life ( satisfi$ affection1 x w\ld n obta94 ,9 _m in/ances1 ! g5ital organs are r5d]$ s irritable by ! repletion to :i* unnatural cont95cy gives rise1 & by ! mu* ?9k+ caus$ by su* repletion1 z to induce a disease kn[n to m$ical m5 by ! "n ( ,gonorrhoea ,dormi5tium4 ,x consi/s 9 an emission or dis*>ge ( ! sem5 dur+ sleep4 ,?is dis*>ge is imm$iately excit$ 9 mo/ in/ances by a lascivi\s dream1 b su* dream is caus$ by ! repletion & irritability ( ! g5ital organs4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ to :at a degree ( m5tal angui% ! disease gives rise 9 "y m54 ,!y d n und]/& ! nature1 or r1 ! cause ( x4 ,!y ?9k x dep5ds on a weakness--inde$1 ! disease is (t5 call$ a sem9al weakness--& t ! lea/ gratification 9 a natural way w\ld b s]ve to increase x4 ,_! anxiety ab\t x weak5s ! :ole sy/em4 ,?is weakness !y errone\sly attribute to ! dis*>ges2 !y ?9k !mselves totally disqualifi$ = ent]+ into or enjoy+ ! m>ri$ /ate4 ,f9ally1 ! g5ital & m5tal organs act & react ^u ea* o!r s p]nici\sly z to cause a degree ( n]v\sness1 debility1 emaciation & melan*oly--9 a ^w1 wret*$ness t sets description at defiance4 ,no?+ is s effectual 9 cur+ ?is diseas$ /ate ( a body & m9d 9 "y m5 z m>riage4 ,all re/ra9t1 fe> & solicitude %\ld be remov$4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! scruples ( incurr+ heavy responsibilities det] f =m+ moral connections & enc\rage intemp]ance & pro/itution1 ! k :i* enables man to limit ! numb] ( 8 (fspr+ w\ld1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 save mu* unhappi-ness & prev5t _m crimes4 ,"y p]sons s9c]ely atta*$ to ea* o!r1 & :o might wi% to m>ry1 %\ld m>ry e>ly1 m]ely resolv+ n to become p>5ts until prud5ce p]mitt$ x4 ,! "y man1 in/ead ( solit>y toil & vulg> dissipation1 w\ld enjoy ! society & ! assi/ance ( h] he has *os5 z 8 companion2 & ! be/ ye>s ( life1 ^: pleasures nev] return1 w\ld n be squ&]$ 9 riot1 nor lo/ ?r\gh mortification499 99 ,! passages quot$ are f ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5's ,moral ,physiology4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,on ,,g5]ation ,i hold ! foll[+ to be important & und5iable tro?s3 ,t e man has a natural "r bo? to receive & convey a k ( all ! facts & discov]ies ( e art & sci5ce1 except+ su* only z may be secur$ to "s p>ticul> p]son or p]sons by copyright or pat5t2 t a physical tru? 9 its g5]al effect _c be a moral evil2 t no fact 9 physics or 9 morals ought to be conceal$ f ! inquir+ m9d4 ,"s may make a misuse ( k1 b t is _! fault2 & x is n "r t "o p]son %\ld be depriv$ ( k1 ( spirits1 ( razors1 or ( any?+ else :i* is h>mless 9 itself & may be useful to him1 because ano!r may misuse x4 ,! subject on g5]ation is n only int]e/+ z a bran* ( sci5ce1 b x is s connect$ ) ! happ9ess ( mank9d t x is highly important 9 a practical po9t ( view4 ,su*1 to be sure1 is ! cu/om ( ! age1 t x is n consid]$ a prop] subject to inve/igate be=e a popul> assembly1 nor is x prop] to att5d ! calls ( nature 9 a l place2 yet !y mu/ & ought to be att5d$ to1 = ! good1 ! happ9ess ( mank9d require x2 s1 too1 = l reason1 ! subject ( g5]ation ought to be inve/igat$ until x be rightly und]/ood by all p1 b at su* opportunities z ! good s5se ( e individual w easily decide to be prop]4 ,?is1 ,i presume to say1 n simply ^u ! ab/ract pr9ciple t all k ( ,nature's work+s is useful1 & ! want ( x disadvantage\s1 b f ! kn[n moral fact t ignorance ( ?is process has 9 _m in/ances prov$ ! cause ( a lam5table mi%ap1 & m especially z x is ess5tial to ! atta9m5t ( ! great advantage1 :i* x is ! *ief object ( ?is "w to be/[ ^u mank9d4 ,p g5]ally1 z x 0 ! case ) physicians until late ye>s1 ent]ta9 a v errone\s idea ( :at takes place 9 ! conception4 ,agreeably to ?is idea ! *eck :i* ,i consid] f> pref]able to any o!r1 w\ld n be effectual1 z w\ld be obvi\s to all4 ,consequ5tly1 ent]ta9+ ?is idea1 p w\ld n h due confid5ce 9 x4 ,h5ce1 x is necess>y to correct a long-held & widely ext5d$ error4 ,b ?is ,i _c expect to d by simply say+ x is an error4 ,deeply root$ & hi!rto undisput$ op9ions are n s easily eradicat$4 ,if ,i w\ld conv9ce any "o t ! /eps 9 "o ( ! mo/ recondite processes ( nature are n su* z he has always believ$1 x w greatly s]ve my purpose to %[ :at ^! /eps are4 ,i mu/ fir/ prep>e him to be reason$ )1 & !n reason ! matt] all ov] ) him4 ,i mu/ po9t out ! facts :i* disprove 8 op9ion1 & %[ t my own is unatt5d$ ) difficulties4 ,b :at c be m obvi\s ?an t x is absolutely impossible to expla9 any process or function ( ! animal economy1 s z to be und]/ood1 be=e ! names ( ! organs :i* p]=m ?is function h be5 def9$1 t is1 be=e ! organs !mselves h be5 describ$4 ,n[ x is well kn[n to e anatomi/1 & inde$ x may be obvi\s to all1 t 9 describ+ any organ or sy/em ( organs1 we mu/ always beg9 ) "s ext]nal & kn[n p>ts1 & proce$ regul>ly1 /ep by /ep1 to ! int]nal & unkn[n4 ,z 9 ari?metic1 ev]y?+ mu/ be und]/ood z y g along499 99 ,?is is an ,am]icanism1 :i* appe>s to u to convey a false idea4 ,if x ref]s to ! cases us$ z illu/rations1 ,dr4 ,kn[lton is m sp>+ 9 8 use ( !m ?an ei!r ,dr4 ,bull or ,dr4 ,*avasse4--,publi%]s' ,note4 ,fully to effect ! objects ( ?is "w1 x is1 !re=e1 a matt] ( necessity t ,i give an anatomical description ( c]ta9 p>ts--ev5 ext]nal p>ts--:i* "s1 b imag9e :at ,i h j said1 might ?9k x useless to m5tion4 ,x is n to gratify ! idle curiosity ( ! light-m9d$ t ?is book is writt52 x is = utility 9 ! broad & truly philosophical s5se ( ! t]m2 nay1 f>!r1 x %all ) ! exception ( "h & !re a little spic+991 h conf9$ to practical utility4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 endeav] to treat ( ! subject 9 ?is *apt] s z to be und]/ood1 )\t giv+ any description ( ! male organs ( g5]ation2 ?\gh ,i hold x an accompli%m5t = "o be able to speak ( ^? organs1 z diseases (t5 put !m "u ! necessity ( do+1 )\t be+ compell$ use l[ & vulg> language4 ,b ,i mu/ briefly describe ! female organs2 9 do+ :i* ,i mu/1 ( c\rse1 speak z d o!r anatomi/s & physiologi/s2 & :oev] objects to ?is w discov] m affectation & prud]y ?an good s5se & good w to mank9d4 ,! adipose1 or fatty matt]1 imm$iately ov] ! %>e bone1 =ms a consid]able prom95ce 9 females1 :i*1 at ! age ( pub]ty1 is cov]$ ) hair1 z 9 males4 ,?is prom95ce is call$ ,mons ,v5]is4 ,! ext]ior orifice comm5ces imm$iately bel[ ?is4 ,on ea* side ( ?is orifice is a prom95ce cont9u$ f ! mons v5]is1 :i* is l>ge/ above & gradually dim9i%es z x desc5ds4 ,^! two prom95ces are call$ ! ,labia ,ext]na1 or ext]nal lips4 ,ne> ! latt] end ( pregnancy !y become some:at enl>g$ & relax$1 s t !y su/a9 little or no injury dur+ p>turition4 ,j )9 ! upp] or ant]ior commissure1 =m$ by ! junction ( ^! lips1 a little r\nd oblong body is situat$4 ,! body is call$ ! clitoris4 ,mo/ ( its l5g? is b\nd d[n1 z x 71 pretty closely to ! bone2 & x is ( v v>iable size 9 diff]5t females4 ,in/ances h occurr$ :]e x 0 s enl>g$ z to all[ ! female to h v5]eal comm]ce ) o!rs2 & 9 ,p>is ?is fact 0 once made a public exhibition to ! m$ical faculty4 ,wom5 ?us =m$ appe> to p>take 9 _! g5]al =m ( ! male "*1 & are call$ h]maphrodites4 ,! idea ( human be+s1 call$ h]maphrodites1 :i* c\ld be ei!r fa!r or "m1 is1 d\btless1 errone\s4 ,! clitoris is analog\s 9 its /ructure to ! p5is1 & l x1 is exquisitely s5sitive1 be+1 z x is suppos$1 ! pr9cipal seat ( pleasure4 ,x is subject to erection or di/5sion1 l ! p5is1 f l causes4 ,! sk9 :i* l9es ! int]nal surface ( ! ext]nal lips is fold$ 9 su* mann] z to =m two flat bodies1 ! ext]ior edges ( :i* are convex4 ,!y are call$ ! nymphse4 ,!y ext5d d[nw>d1 "o on ea* side1 f ! clitoris to ne> ! middle ( ! ext]nal orifice1 some:at div]g+ f ea* o!r4 ,_! use is n v evid5t ,! orifice ( ! ure?ra 7! canal1 %ort 9 females1 :i* leads to ! bladd]7 is situat$ an in* or m f>!r inw>d ?an ! clitoris1 & is a little protub]ant4 ,pass+ by ! ext]nal lips1 ! clitoris1 ! nymphse & ! orifice ( ! ure?ra1 we come to ! membrane call$ ! hym54 ,x is situat$ j at1 or a trifle beh9d ! orifice ( ! ure?ra4 ,x is /ret*$ across ! passage1 & 7 x a complete septum1 x w\ld close up ! ant]ior extremity ( t portion ( ! passage :i* is call$ ! vag9a4 ,b ! in/ances 9 :i* ! septum or p>tition is complete are v r>e1 !re be+1 9 almo/ all cases1 an ap]ture ei!r 9 its c5t]1 or frequ5tly 9 its ant]ior edge1 giv+ ! membrane ! =m ( a cresc5t ,?r\gh ?is ap]ture passes ! m5/rual fluid4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is septum is complete1 & ! m5/rual fluid is reta9$ mon? aft] mon?1 until appe>ances & symptoms mu* l ^? ( pregnancy are produc$1 giv+ rise to p]haps unju/ suspicions4 ,su* cases require ! simple op]ation ( divid+ ! hym54 ,9 _m in/ances ! hym5 is v imp]fect1 insomu* t "s h d\bt$ :e!r x is to be f\nd 9 ! g5]ality ( virg9s4 ,:]e x exi/s x is g5]ally ruptur$ 9 ! fir/ int]c\rse ( ! sexes1 & ! female is said to lose h] virg9ity4 ,9 "s r>e in/ances x is s v /rong z n to be ruptur$ by su* int]c\rse1 & ! nature ( ! difficulty n be+ und]/ood1 ! husb& has su$ = a divorce4 ,b ev]y?+ may be put to rights by a slight surgical op]ation4 ,! p>ts "h describ$ are among ^? call$ ! ext]nal p>ts ( g5]ation4 ,! int]nal organs ( g5]ation consi/ 9 ! female ( ! ,vag9a1 ! ,ut]us1 ! ,ov>ies & _! app5dages4 ,! ,vag9a is a membran\s canal comm5c+ at ! hym5 & ext5d+ to ! ut]us4 ,x is a little curv$1 & ext5ds backw>d & upw>d betwe5 ! bladd]1 :i* lies be=e & above x1 & t extreme portion ( ! b[els call$ ! rectum1 :i* lies beh9d x4 ,! coat ( membrane :i* l9es ! int]nal surface ( ! vag9a =ms a numb] ( transv]se ridges4 ,^! are to be f\nd only 9 ! l[] or ant]ior half ( ! vag9a1 & !y d n ext5d all r\nd ! vag9a1 b are situat$ on its ant]ior & po/]ior sides1 :ile _! lat]al sides are smoo?4 ,i m5tion ^! ridges because a k ( !m may lead to a m effectual use ( "o ( ! *ecks to be made kn[n h]eaft]4 ,! ut]us or womb is also situat$ betwe5 ! bladd] & ! rectum1 b above ! vag9a4 ,su* is its %ape t x has be5 comp>$ to a pe> ) a long neck4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ! body & ! neck1 ! fir/ be+ twice z broad z ! la/4 ,ea* ( ^! p>ts is some:at flatt5$4 ,9 subjects ( mature age1 :o h be5 pregnant1 ! :ole ( ! ut]us is ab\t two in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 & m ?an an in* & a half 9 bread? at ! broade/ "p ( ! body4 ,x is ne> an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,! neck ( ! ut]us is situat$ d[nw>d1 & may be said to be ins]t$ into ! upp] extremity ( ! vag9a4 ,x ext5ds d[n into ! vag9a ! bett] "p ( an in*4 ,9 ! ut]us is a cavity :i* approa*es ! triangul> =m1 & f :i* a canal passes d[n ?r\gh ! neck ( ! ut]us into ! vag9a4 ,?is cavity is s small t its sides are almo/ 9 contact ,s t ! ut]us is a ?ick1 firm organ = s small a "o4 ,comp>+ ! cavity ( ! ut]us to a triangle1 we say ! upp] side or l9e ( ?is triangle is transv]se ) respect to ! body1 & ! o!r two l9es pass d[nw>d & inw>d1 s t !y w\ld =m an angle bel[1 did !y n be=e !y meet take a turn m directly d[nw>d to =m ! canal j m5tion$4 ,9 ea* ( ! upp] angles !re is an orifice ( su* size z to admit ( a hog's bri/le4 ,^! little orifices are ! m\?s ( two tubes1 call$ ! ,fallopian tubes1 ( :i* m w be said pres5tly4 ,! canal :i* passes ?r\gh ! neck ( ! ut]us1 connect+ ! cavity ( ?is organ ) t ( ! vag9a1 is ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is diff]5t f o!r ducts1 = x seems to be a "p ( ! cavity f :i* x ext5ds1 inasmu* z :5 ! cavity ( ! ut]us is enl>g$ 9 ! progress ( pregnancy1 ?is canal is gradually conv]t$ into a "p ( t cavity4 ,! l[] extremity ( ! neck ( ! ut]us is irregul>ly convex & tumid4 ,! orifice ( ! canal 9 x is oval1 & s situat$ t x divides ! convex surface ( ! l[] extremity ( ! neck 9 two portions1 :i* are call$ ! lips ( ! ut]us4 ,! ant]ior is ?ick] ?an ! po/]ior4 ,! orifice itself is call$ os t9cae or os ut]i1 or 9 ,engli%1 ! m\? ( ! womb4 ,:5 ! p>ts are 9 a weak1 relax$ /ate1 ! m\? or neck ( ! ut]us is q l[1 & 9 almo/ all oases x may be rea*$ by a f+] introduc$ into ! vag9a1 especially by a second p]son1 :o c>ries ! h& beh9d4 ,! ,ov>ies are two bodies ( a flatt5$ or oval =m1 "o ( :i* is situat$ on ea* side ( ! ut]us at a little di/ance f x1 & ab\t z high up z :]e ! ut]us becomes n>r[ to =m its neck4 ,! longe/ diamet] ( ! ov>ium is ab\t an in*4 ,ea* ov>ium has a firm coat ( membrane4 ,9 ^? :o h n be5 pregnant1 x conta9s f t5 to tw5ty vesicles1 :i* are little r\nd bodies1 =m$ ( a delicate membrane1 & fill$ ) a transp>5t fluid4 ,"s ( ^! vesicles are situat$ s ne> ! surface ( ! ov>ium z to be prom95t on its surface4 ,!y are ( diff]5t sizes1 ! l>ge/ ne>ly a qu>t] ( a in* 9 diamet]499 99 ,! vesicles "h m5tion$ are ! s-call$ ,graafian vesicles1 or ovisacs1 ea* ( :i* conta9s 9 its int]ior a little ovum or egg4 ,9 ! human female ! ovum is extremely m9ute1 s z only to be visible ) ! aid ( a l5s4 ,! ,graafian vesicles are n limit$ to a c]ta9 small numb]1 z 0 =m]ly ?\ght1 b cont9ue to be =m$ 9 ! ov>ies1 & to dis*>ge at int]vals mature ova dur+ ! :ole ( ! fruitful p]iod4--,g4 ,r4 ,9 ^? 9 :om conception has ev] tak5 place1 "s ( ^! vesicles are remov$1 & 9 _! place a cicatrix or sc> is =m$ :i* cont9ues ?r\gh life4 ,h[ev]1 ! numb] ( cicatrices does n always correspond ) ! numb] ( conceptions4 ,!y (t5 exce$ x1 & are sometimes f\nd :]e conception has n be5 kn[n to take place4 ,! ,fallopian ,tubes are two canals f\r or five in*es 9 l5g?1 proce$+ f ! upp] angles ( ! cavity ( ! ut]us1 9 a transv]se direction 9 respect to ! body4 ,hav+ s proce$$ = "s di/ance !y turn d[nw>d t[>d ! ov>ies4 ,at _! comm5cem5t 9 ! ut]us !y are v small1 b !y enl>ge z mu* z !y progress4 ,! l>ge ends1 :i* hang loose1 t]m9ate 9 op5 m\?s1 ! m>g9s ( :i* consi/ ( fimbriat$ processes1 & ne>ly t\* ! ov>ia4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to treat ( conception4 ,yet1 z m5/ruation is closely connect$ ) x1 & z a k ( _m ?+s conc]n+ m5/ruation may contribute mu* to ! well-be+ ( females1 = :om ?is "w is at lea/ z mu* design$ z = males1 ,i %all fir/ briefly treat ( ?is subject4 ,m5/ruation4--,:5 females arrive at ! age ( pub]ty !y beg9 to h a dis*>ge once e mon?1 by way ( ! vag9a1 ( ! color ( blood4 ,?is dis*>ge is t]m$ ! m5ses4 ,to h x is to m5/ruate4 ,! age at :i* m5/ruation comm5ces v>ies ) diff]5t individuals1 & also 9 diff]5t climates4 ,! w>m] ! climate ! e>li] x comm5ces & ceases4 ,9 temp]ate climates x g5]ally comm5ces at ! age ( f\rte5 or fifte51 & x ceases at =ty-f\r1 or a little lat]4 99 ,:5ev] x comm5ces ! girl acquires a m womanly appe>ance4 ,x is a secretion ( ! ut]us1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! m9ute vessels di/ribut$ to ! inn] coat ( ut]us1 select z x 71 f ! blood1 & p\r out 9 a gradual mann] ! mat]ials ( ?is fluid4 ,x has "o ( ! prop]ties1 color1 ( blood1 b x does n coagulate1 or sep>ate into diff]5t p>ts l blood1 & _c prop]ly be call$ blood49999 99 ,dr4 ,*avasse1 on p4 #id ( 8 ,advice to a ,wife publi%$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,smi? ,son gives in/ances ( v e>ly m5/ruation & consequ5t fecundity4--,publi%]s' note1 9999 ,! m5/rual dis*>ge1 says ,dr4 ,kirkes1 consi/s ( blood effus$ f ! inn] surface ( ! ut]us1 & mix$ ) mucus f ! ut]us1 vag9a1 & ! ext]nal p>ts ( ! g5]ative app>atus4 ,be+ dilut$ by ?is admixture1 ! m5/rual blood coagulates less p]fectly ?an ord9>y blood2 & ! frequ5t acidity ( ! vag9al mucus t5ds /ill fur!r to dim9i% its coagulability4-- ,h&book ( ,physiology1 #h? ed41 p4 #gbg1 #ahgd4--;,g4 ,r4 ,:5 ?is dis*>ge is 9 all respects regul>1 x am\nts 9 mo/ females to six or eight ounces1 & f two to f\r days' cont9uance4 ,dur+ its cont9uance ! wom5 is said to be unwell1 or out ( ord]4 ,v>i\s unpleasant feel+s are liable to att5d x2 b :5 x is att5d$ ) sev]e pa91 z x n infrequ5tly is1 x becomes a disease1 & ! woman is n likely to conceive until x is cur$4 ,dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ! turns1 or mon?lies1 z !y are (t5 call$1 indige/ible food1 danc+ 9 w>m rooms1 sudd5 exposure to cold or wet1 & m5tal agitations1 %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible4 ,! turns d n cont9ue dur+ pregnancy1 nor nurs+1 unless nurs+ be cont9u$ aft] ! turns recomm5ce4 ,"s wom51 x is true1 are subject to a slight hemorrhage t sometimes occurs ) consid]able regul>ity dur+ pregnancy1 & :i* has l$ !m to suppose !y h _! turns at su* times2 b x is n s2 ! dis*>ge at su* times is real blood499 99 ,consult on ! :ole ( ?is ,dr4 ,*avasse's book1 pp4 #ia- #aja1 :]e full details are giv54--,publi%]s' note4 ,! use ( ! m5/rual dis*>ge seems to be to prep>e ! ut]9e sy/em = conception4 ,= females d n become pregnant be=e !y comm5ce1 nor aft] !y cease hav+ turns2 nor :ile !y are suppress$ by "s disease1 by cold or by nurs+4 ,"s cr$ible wom51 h[ev]1 h said t !y become pregnant :ile nurs+1 )\t hav+ _h any turn s9ce _! la/ ly+-94 ,x is believ$ t 9 ^! oases !y _h "s dis*>ge1 colorless1 p]haps1 :i* !y did n notice1 b :i* answ]$ ! purposes ( ! common "o4 ,wom5 are n ne>ly s likely to conceive dur+ ! week be=e a mon?ly z dur+ ! week imm$iately aft]499 ,b al?\gh ! use ( ?is secretion seems to be to prep>e = conception1 x is n to be inf]r$ t ! reproductive in/9ct ceases at ! turn ( life1 or :5 ! woman ceases to m5/ruate4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is said t ?is passion (t5 increases at ?is p]iod1 & cont9ues 9 a great] or less degree to an extreme age4 99 ,see1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,bull's ,h9ts to ,mo!rs1 pp4 #ca-eh1 & #abg-abi 7publi%$ by ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co47-- ,publi%]s' note4 ,conception4--,! "p p]=m$ by ! male 9 ! reproduction ( ! species consi/s 9 excit+ ! organism ( ! female1 & deposit+ ! sem5 9 ! vag9a4 ,be=e ,i inquire :at takes place 9 ! females ,i propose to speak ( ! sem54 ,?is fluid1 :i* is secret$ by ! te/icles1 may be said to possess ?ree k9ds ( prop]ties1 physical1 *emical1 physiological4 ,its physical prop]ties are kn[n to e "o--x is a ?icki%1 ne>ly opaque fluid1 ( a peculi> odor1 salti% ta/e1 etc4 ,z to its *emical prop]ties1 x is f\nd by analysis to consi/ ( #ijj p>ts ( wat]1 #fj ( animal muscilage1 #aj ( soda1 #cj ( phosphate ( lime4 ,its physiological prop]ty is t ( excit+ ! female g5ital organs 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,:5 ! sem5 is exam9$ by microscope1 !re c be di/+ui%$ a multitude ( small animalculae1 :i* appe> to h a r\nd$ head & a long tail4 ,^! animalculae move ) a c]ta9 degree ( rapidity4 ,!y appe> to avoid ! light & to delight 9 ! %ade4 ,leeuw5hoek1 if n ! discov]] ( ! sem9al animalculse1 0 ! fir/ :o br\ght ! fact ( _! exi/5ce fully be=e ! public4 ,) respect to _! size1 he rem>k$ t t5 ?\s& ( !m might exi/ 9 a space n l>g] ?an a gra9 ( s&4 ,!y h a def9ite figure1 & are obvi\sly diff]5t f ! animalculse f\nd 9 any o!r fluid499 99 ,see ,dr4 ,c>p5t]'s ,animal ,physiology1 p4 #eeh 7publi%$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,bonn72 ,ni*ol's ,human ,physiology1 pp4 #bec-bee 7publi%$ by ,trubn] ,co47--,publi%]s' note4 ,leeuw5hoek believ$ !m to be ! beg9n+s ( future animals--t !y are ( diff]5t sexes1 ^u :i* dep5ds ! future sex ( ! foetus4 ,be ?is z x may1 x appe>s to be admitt$ on all h&s t ! animalculae are pres5t 9 ! sem5 ( ! v>i\s species ( male animals1 & t !y _c be detect$ :5 ei!r f age or disease ! animals are r5d]$ /]ile4 ,h5ce1 says ,bo/ock1 we c sc>cely refuse our ass5t to ! position t ^! animalculae are 9 "s way or o!r in/rum5tal to ! production ( ! foetus4 ,! secretion ( ! sem5 comm5ces at ! age ( pub]ty4 ,be=e ?is p]iod ! te/icles secrete a viscid1 transp>5t fluid1 :i* has nev] be5 analyz$1 b :i* is d\btless ess5tially diff]5t f sem54 ,! revolution :i* ! :ole economy und]goes at ?is p]iod1 su* z ! tone ( ! voice1 & developm5t ( hairs1 ! be>d1 ! increase ( ! muscles & bones1 etc41 is intimately connect$ ) ! te/icles & ! secretion ( ?is fluid499 ,eunu*s pres]ve ! same =m z 9 *ildhood2 _! voice is effem9ate1 !y h no be>d1 _! disposition is timid2 & f9ally _! physical & moral "* v ne>ly resembles t ( females4 ,nev]!less1 _m ( !m take delight 9 v5]eal int]c\rse1 & give !mselves up ) ardor to a connection :i* mu/ always prove unfruitful49999 99 ,ni*ol's ,human ,physiology1 pp4 #bef-beg4 --,publi%]s' note 9999 ,mag5dic's ,physiology4--,au?or's note4 ,! "p p]=m$ by ! female 9 ! reproduction ( ! species is f> m complicat$ ?an t p]=m$ by ! male4 ,x consi/s1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 provid+ a sub/ance :i*1 9 connection ) ! male secretion1 is to con/itute ! foetus2 9 furni%+ a suitable situation 9 :i* ! foetus may be develop$2 9 af=d+ due n\ri%m5t = its gr[?2 9 br++ x =?1 & aft]w>d furni%+ x ) food especially adapt$ to ! dige/ive organs ( ! "y animal4 ,"s p>ts ( ?is process are n well und]/ood1 & su* v>iety ( hypo!ses h be5 propos$ to expla9 !m t ,drel9c\rt1 :o liv$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is said to h collect$ two hundr$ & sixty hypo!ses ( g5]ation4 ,x ought to be kn[n t wom5 h conceiv$ :5 ! sem5 0 m]ely appli$ to ! p>ts ant]ior to ! hym51 z ! int]nal surface ( ! ext]nal lips1 ! nymphae1 etc4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t sev]al cases ( pregnancy h occurr$ :5 ! hym5 0 entire4 ,! fact ne$ n surprise u1 =1 agreeable to ! !ory ( absorption1 we h to acc\nt = x only to suppose t "s ( ! absorb5t vessels are situat$ ant]ior to ! hym5--a supposition by no means unreasonable4 ,!re are two peculi>ities ( ! human species respect+ conception :i* ,i w notice4 ,fir/1 unlike o!r animals !y are liable1 & = :at has be5 prov$ to ! contr>y1 equally liable--to conceive at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,second1 a woman r>ely1 if ev]1 conceives until aft] hav+ sev]al sexual connections2 nor does "o connection 9 fifty cause conception 9 ! matrimonial /ate1 :]e ! husb& & wife live toge!r un9t]rupt$ly4 ,public wom5 r>ely conceive1 ow+ probably to a weak5$ /ate ( ! g5ital sy/em1 induc$ by too frequ5t & promiscu\s int]c\rse4 ,x is univ]sally agre$1 t "s "t aft] a fruitful connection1 a vesicle 7two 9 case ( tw9s7 ( "o or ! o!r ov>y becomes s enl>g$ t x bur/s =? f ! ov>y & takes ! "n ( ovum1 :i* is tak5 up1 or r receiv$1 z x bur/s =?1 by ! fimbriat$ extremity ( ! ,fallopian tube1 & is !n conduct$ along ! tube into ! ut]us1 to ! inn] surface ( :i* x atta*es itself499 99 ,s9ce ,dr4 ,kn[lton's "w 0 writt51 ! v important fact has be5 discov]$ t ova are p]iodically dis*>g$ f ! ov>ies 9 ! human female & o!r animals1 n 9 consequ5ce ( fruitful connection hav+ tak5 place1 z 0 =m]ly believ$1 b q indep5d5tly ( int]c\rse ) ! male4 ,su* a dis*>ge ( ova occurs 9 ! l[] animals at ! "t ( heat or rut1 & 9 wom5 dur+ m5/ruation4 ,at ea* m5/rual p]iod1 a ,graafian vesicle becomes enl>g$1 bur/s1 & lets ! ovum :i* x conta9s escape into ! ,fallopian tube1 along :i* x passes to ! ut]us4 ,x has long be5 kn[n1 says ,dr4 ,kirke1 t 9 ! s-call$ ovip>\s animals1 ! sep>ation ( ova f ! ov>y may take place indep5d5tly ( impregnation by ! male1 or ev5 ( sexual union4 ,& x is n[ e/abli%$ t a l maturation & dis*>ge ( ova1 indep5d5tly ( coition1 occurs 9 ,mammalia1 ! p]iods at :i* ! matur$ ova are sep>at$ f ! ov>ies & receiv$ into ! ,fallopian tubes be+ indicat$ 9 ! l[] ,mammalia by ! ph5om5a ( heat or rut2 9 ! human female by ! ph5om5a ( m5/ruation4 ,sexual desire manife/s itself 9 ! human female to a great] degree at ^! p]iods1 & 9 ! female ( mammif]\s animals at no o!r "t4 ,if ! union ( ! sexes takes place1 ! ovum may be fecundat$1 & if no union occur1 x p]i%es4 ,f :at has be5 said x may !re=e be conclud$ t ! two /ates1 heat & m5/ruation1 are analog\s1 & t ! ess5tial accompanim5t ( bo? is ! maturation & extrusion ( ova4--,h&book ( ,physiology1 page #gbd4--;,g4 ,r4 ,"h x becomes develop$ into a full gr[n foetus1 & is br\ght =? ab\t =ty-two weeks f ! "t ( conception by a process t]m$ p>turition4 ,b "o gr& "q is1 h[ ! sem5 op]ates itself1 or any "p !re( rea*es ! ov>y1 & if s1 9 :at way x is convey$ to !m4 ,x 0 long ! op9ion t ! sem5 0 eject$ into ! ut]us 9 ! act ( coition1 & t x aft]w>d1 by "s unkn[n means1 f\nd its way into & along ! ,fallopian tubes to ! ov>y4 ,b !re are sev]al facts :i* weigh heavily aga9/ ?is op9ion1 & "s t entirely =bid x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re are sev]al well atte/$ in/ances 9 :i* impregnation took place :ile ! hym5 rema9$ entire1 :]e ! vag9a t]m9at$ 9 ! rectum1 :]e x 0 s contract$ by a cicatrix z n to admit ! p5is4 ,9 all ^! cases ! sem5 c\ld n h be5 lodg$ any:]e ne> ! m\? ( ! ut]us1 mu* less eject$ into x4 ,secondly1 x has foll[$ a connection :]e f "s defect 9 ! male organs1 z ! ure?ra t]m9at+ "s in*es beh9d ! end ( ! p5is1 & x is cle> t ! sem5 c\ld n h be5 inject$ into ! ut]us1 nor ev5 ne> its m\?4 ,?ird1 ! neck ( ! unimpregnat$ ut]us is s n>r[ z m]ely to admit a probe1 & is fill$ ) a ?ick t5aci\s fluid1 :i* seem+ly c\ld n be =c$ away by any =ce :i* ! male organ possesses ( eject+ ! sem51 ev5 if ! m\? ( ! male ure?ra 7 9 opposition ) t ( ! ut]us4 ,b f\r?1 ! m\? ( ! ut]us is by no means fix$4 ,by v>i\s causes x is made to assume v>i\s situations1 & probably ! m\? ( ! ure?ra r>ely comes 9 contact ) x4 ,fif?4 ,! t5acity ( ! male sem5 is su* z r5d]s its passage ?r\gh ! small ap]ture 9 ! neck ( ! ut]us impossible1 ev5 by a p[] ( =ce mu* sup]ior to t :i* we may rationally suppose to reside 9 ! male organs ( g5]ation4 ,six?4 ,h>vey & ,de,graaf dissect$ animals at almo/ e p]iod aft] coition = ! express purpose ( discov]+ ! sem51 b 7 nev] able to detect ! smalle/ ve/ige ( x 9 ! ut]us 9 any "o in/ance499 99 ,dewees' ,essay on ,sup]foetation4--,au?or's note4 ,aw>e ( ! insurm\ntable objection to ?is view ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! sem5 rea*es ! ov>y1 x has be5 suppos$ by "s physiologi/s t ! sem5 is absorb$ f ! vag9a into ! great circulat+ sy/em1 :]e x is mix$1 ( c\rse1 ) ! blood1 & goes ! :ole r\nd ( ! circulation subject to ! influ5ce ( ^? causes :i* produce great *anges 9 ! latt] fluid4 ,to ?is hypo!sis x may be object$1 t :ile !re is no direct evid5ce 9 support ( x1 x is exce$+ly unreasonable1 inasmu* z we c sc>cely believe t ! sem5 c g ! :ole r\nd ( circulation1 & !n f9d its way to ! ov>y 9 su* a pure unalt]$ /ate z ! exp]im5ts ( ,spallanzani prove x mu/ be 91 t x may impregnate4 ,a ?ird set ( !ori/s h ma9ta9$ t an imp]ceptible some?+1 :i* !y h call$ aura sem9alis1 passes f ! sem5 lodg$ 9 ! vag9a to ! ov>y1 & excites ^? actions :i* are ess5tial to ! developm5t ( an ovum4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h told u t x is all done by sympa?y4 ,t nei!r ! sem5 nor any volatile "p ( x f9ds its way to ! ov>y2 b t ! sem5 excites ! p>ts ) :i* x is 9 contact 9 a peculi> mann]1 & by ! law ( animal economy1 t]m$ sympa?y1 or cons5t ( p>ts1 a peculi> action comm5ces 9 ! ov>y1 by :i* an ovum is develop$4 ,to bo? ^! conjectures x may be object$ t !y h no o!r f\ndation b ! suppos$ necessity ( adopt+ !m1 to acc\nt = ! effect ( impregnation2 &1 fur!r1 !y make no provision = ! =mation ( mules2 = ! peculi>ities (1 & lik5ess to1 p>5ts1 & = ! propagation ( pr$isposition to disease1 f p>5t to *ild2 = ! production ( mulattoes1 etc4 ,a fif?1 & to me f> m satisfactory view ( ! subject ?an any o!r1 is t advanc$ by our di/+ui%$ c\ntryman1 ,dr4 ,dewees1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,x appe>s to h>monize ) all kn[n facts relat+ to ! conception & some?+ f analogy may also be drawn 9 its favor4 ,x is ?is1 t !re is a set ( absorb5t vessels1 lead+ directly f ! inn] surface ( ! labia ext]na & ! vag9a1 to ! ov>ies1 ! :ole (fice ( :i* vessels is to absorb ! sem5 & convey x to ! ov>ies499 ,i d n "k t ^! vessels h yet be5 fully discov]$1 b 9 a note on ! sixte5? page ( 8 ,essays on ,v>i\s ,subjects1 ! doctor says3 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! vessels is n[ r5d]$ almo/ c]ta91 z ,dr4 ,g>tn]1 ( ,cop5hag51 has discov]$ a duct lead+ f ! ov>y to ! vag9a4 99 ,?is view is n held at ! pres5t day4 ,! commonly receiv$ doctr9e n[ is t ! sem9al fluid ent]s ! ut]us1 :e!r dur+ ! int]c\rse or aft] x1 & passes along ! ,fallopian tubes to ! ov>ies2 & t fecundation takes place at "s po9t ( ?is c\rse1 mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! tubes1 b also at times 9 ! ov>y itself1 or ev51 p]haps1 9 ! ut]us4 ,x is ess5tially necess>y = fecundation t ! sp]matozoa %\ld come into actual contact ) ! ovum4 ,t ! sp]matozoa make _! way t[>d ! ov>ium1 & fecundate ! ovum ei!r be=e x entirely quits ! ovisac or v %ortly aft]w>d1 says ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 appe>s to be ! g5]al rule 9 reg>d to ! ,mammalia2 & _! p[] ( movem5t mu/ obvi\sly be bo? vigor\s & long cont9u$ to enable !m to trav]se s great an ext5t ( muc\s membrane1 especially :5 x is rememb]$ t !y asc5d 9 opposition to ! direction ( ! cili>y movem5t ( ! epi!lial cells & to ! d[nw>d p]i/altic action ( ! ,fallopian tubes4 99 99 99 ,!re c be no d\bt t x is ! contact ( ! sp]matozoa ) ! ovum1 & 9 ! *anges :i* occur z ! imm$iate consequ5ce ( t contact1 t ! act ( fecundation ess5tially consi/s4 --,pr9ciples ( ,human ,physiology1 #h? ed41 p4 #ifa1ahgf4--;,g4,r4 ,ano!r "q ( consid]able mom5t relat+ to g5]ation is f :i* p>5t are ! fir/ rudim5ts ( ! foetus d]iv$4 ,! e>lie/ hypo!sis ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 & :i* has receiv$ ! support ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! mod]ns1 ascribes ! orig9al =mation ( ! foetus to ! comb9ation ( p>ticles ( matt] d]iv$ f ea* ( ! p>5ts4 ,?is hypo!sis naturally pres5ts itself to ! m9d z ! obvi\s me?od ( expla9+ ! necessity = ! coop]ation ( ! two sexes1 & ! resemblance 9 ext]nal =m1 & ev5 9 m9d & "*1 :i* ! (fspr+ (t5 be>s to ! male p>5t4 ,! pr9cipal objections1 says ,bo/ock1 to 8 hypo!sis1 indep5d5t ( ! want ( any direct pro( ( a female sem9al fluid1 are ( two descriptions1 ^? :i* dep5d ^u ! suppos$ impossibility ( unorganiz$ matt] =m+ an organiz$ be+1 & ^? :i* are d]iv$ f obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ,hall] & ,spallanzani1 :i* !y br\ght =w>d 9 support ( _! !ory ( pre-exi/5t g]ms4 ,9 relation to ^! objections ,i rem>k1 fir/ ^? ^: exp]i5ce has be5 ) hale females1 ,i suspect1 c h no d\bt b t ! female organism increases l t ( ! male1 until an emission ( fluid ( "s k9d or o!r takes place4 ,b :e!r ?is secretion may prop]ly be call$ sem51 :e!r any "p ( x unites ) ! male sem5 9 =m+ ! rudim5ts ( ! foetus1 is ano!r "q4 ,= my "p ,i am incl9$ to ! op9ion t x does n499 ,i r reg>d x z ! result ( exalt$ excitation1 analog\s to ! increas$ secretion ( o!r organs f increas$ /imulation2 & if x may be = any object or use1 z x probably is1 x is t ( af=d+ nature a means ( reliev+ h]self2 or1 9 o!r words1 ( quiet+ ! v5]eal passion4 ,if ?is passion1 be+ once r\s$1 c\ld n by "s means or o!r be calm$1 x w\ld comm& by f> too great a portion ( our ?\ghts1 & ) _m con/itutions ! individuals1 :e!r male or female1 c\ld n conduct !mselves ) due decorum4 ,"o fact :i* leads me to ?9k t ! female secretion 9 ! act ( coition is n ess5tial to impregnation is1 t _m females h conceiv$1 if _! unbias$ te/imony may be reli$ on1 :5 !y exp]i5c$ no pleasure4 ,9 ^! cases x is m ?an probable t !re 0 no orgasm1 nor any secretion or emission ( fluid on ! "p ( ! female4 99 ,) reg>d to ?is secretion 9 ! female1 :i* has no?+ ( a sem9al "*1 ,dr4 ,c>p5t] obs]ves3 ,its admixture ) ! male sem5 has be5 suppos$ to h "s connection ) impregnation2 b no pro( :atev] has be5 giv5 t any su* admixture is necess>y4--,human ,physiology1 p4 #iia4--;,g4 ,r4 ,z to ! objection ( ! suppos$ impossibility ( unorganiz$ matt] =m+ an organiz$ be+1 ,i d n believe su* a ?+ takes place1 ev5 if we admit t ! orig9al =mation ( ! foetus is a comb9ation ( p>ticles ( matt] d]iv$ f ea* ( ! p>5ts4 ,:at d1 or r :at ought we to mean by organiz$ matt]8 ,n1 surely1 t x exhibits "s obvi\s physical /ructure1 unlike :at is to be f\nd 9 inorganic matt]1 b t x exhibits ph5om5a1 & ( c\rse may be said to possess prop]ties unlike any k9d ( inorganic matt]4 ,matt] unites ) matt] 9 ?ree ways1 me*anically1 *emically & organically1 & ea* mode ( union gives rise to prop]ties peculi> to itself4 ,:5 matt] unites organically1 ! sub/ance or be+ s =m$ exhibits "s ph5om5a ess5tially diff]5t f :at inorganic bodies exhibit4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t we ascribe to organic bodies c]ta9 prop]ties1 :i* we call physiological prop]ties1 su* z contractility1 s5sibility1 life1 etc4 ,:51 f any cause1 ^! bodies h und]gone su* a *ange t !y no long] exhibit ! ph5om5a peculi> to !m1 !y are said to h lo/ ^! prop]ties1 & to be dead4 ,a sub/ance ne$ n possess all ! physiological prop]ties ( an animal ( ! high] ord]s to entitle x to ! "n ( an organiz$ or liv+ sub/ance1 nor ne$ x possess ! physical prop]ty ( solidity4 ,! blood1 z well z _m ( ! secretions1 does sev]al ?+s1 exhibits sev]al ph5om5a1 :i* no me*anical or m]e *emical comb9ations ( matt] d exhibit4 ,we mu/ !re=e ascribe to x c]ta9 physiological prop]ties1 & reg>d x z an organiz$1 a liv+ fluid1 z 0 cont5d$ by ! celebrat$ ,john ,hunt]4 ,s ) respect to ! sem51 x c]ta9ly possesses physiological prop]ties1 "o 9 p>ticul> peculi> to itself1 namely1 ! prop]ty ( impregnat+ ! female2 & ^u no s\nd pr9ciple c x be reg>d$ 9 any o!r light ?an z an organiz$1 & ( c\rse a liv+ fluid4 ,& if ! female secretion or any "p ( x unite ) ! male secretion 9 ! =mation ( ! rudim5ts or ! foetus 9 a diff]5t mann] ?an any o!r sub/ance w\ld1 !n x c]ta9ly has ! prop]ty ( do+ s1 :e!r we give ?is prop]ty a "n or n2 & a reg>d to ! s\nde/ pr9ciples ( physiology compels u to class ?is prop]ty ) ! physiological or vital1 & ( c\rse to reg>d ?is secretion z an organiz$ & liv+ fluid ,s1 !n1 unorganiz$ matt] does n =m an organiz$ be+1 admitt+ ! hypo!sis be=e u z correct4 ,t organiz$ be+ %\ld give rise to o!r organiz$ be+s "u favorable circum/ances z to n\ri%m5t1 w>m?1 etc41 is no m wond]ful ?an t fire %\ld give rise to fire :5 air & fuel are pres5t4 ,to be sure1 !re are "s m9ute /eps 9 ! processes :i* are n fully kn[n to u2 /ill1 if !y ev] %\ld be kn[n1 we %\ld unque/ionably see t !re is a natural cause = e "o ( !m2 & t !y are all consonant ) c]ta9 laws ( ! animal economy4 ,we %\ld see no necessity ( attempt+ to expla9 ! process ( g5]ation by br++ to our aid1 or r to ! d>k5+ ( ! subject1 any imag9>y pr9ciple1 z ! visus =maticus ( ,blum5ba*4 ,z to ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ,hall] & ,spallanzani1 ,i ?9k1 ) ,dr4 ,bo/ock1 t !y weigh b little1 if any1 aga9/ ! !ory be=e u4 ,i %all n be at ! labor ( br++ !m =w>d & %[+ _! futility z objections to ?is !ory1 = ,i am f> f insi/+ on ! correctness ( x2 t is1 ,i d n insi/ t any "p ( ! female secretion1 dur+ coition1 unites ) ! male sem5 9 ! =mation ( ! rudim5ts ( ! foetus4 ,! second hypo!sis or !ory1 ,i %all notice1 z to ! rudim5ts ( ! foetus1 is t ( ,leeuw5hoek1 :o reg>d$ ! sem9al animalculse ( ! male sem5 z ! prop] rudim5ts ( ! foetus1 & ?\ght t ! (fice ( ! female is to af=d !m a suitable receptacle :]e !y may be support$ & n\ri%$ until !y are able to exi/ by ! ex]cise ( _! own functions4 ,?is is ess5tially ! view ( ! subject :i* ,i int5d to give m p>ticul>ly pres5tly4 ,i "k ( no s]i\s objections to ?is hypo!sis1 no?+ b ! extreme improbability1 z its oppon5ts say1 t ^! animalculae %\ld be ! rudim5ts ( be+ s totally dissimil> to !m4 ,b ,i wi% to "k if !re is m diff]5ce betwe5 a foetus & a sem9al animalcule ?an !re is betwe5 a foetus & a few mat]ial p>ticles 9 "s o!r =m ?an t ( su* animalcule8 ,! ?ird hypo!sis1 or t ( pre-exi/+ g]ms1 proce$$ ^u a precisely opposite view ( ! subject to t ( ,leeuw5hoek1 namely1 t ! foetus is prop]ly ! production ( ! female2 t x exi/s previ\s to ! sexual congress1 ) all its organs1 9 "s p>ts ( ! ut]9e sy/em2 & t x receives no prop] addition f ! male1 b t ! sem9al fluid acts m]ely by excit+ ! p[]s ( ! foetus1 or end[+ x ) vitality4 ,x is n kn[n :o fir/ propos$ ?is hypo!sis2 b /range z x may appe>1 x has _h ! support ( su* names z ,bonnet1 ,hall] & ,spallanzani1 & met ) a favorable reception 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,agreeable to ?is hypo!sis1 our common "m1 ,eve1 conta9$ a numb] ( homuncules 7little m57 "o )9 ano!r1 l a ne/ ( boxes1 & all )9 h] ov>ies1 equal to all ! numb] ( bir?s t h ev] be51 or ev] w be1 n to reckon abortions4 ,7 ,i to br+ =w>d all ! facts & argum5ts t h be5 advanc$ 9 support ( ?is idea1 x seems to me ,i %\ld fail to conv9ce s\nd m9ds ( its correctness2 z to argum5ts aga9/ x1 !y surely seem uncall$ =4 ,hav+ n[ pres5t$ sev]al hypo!ses ( g5]ation1 "s z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! sem5 rea*es or influ5ces ! ov>y1 & o!rs z to ! rudim5ts ( ! foetus1 ,i %all n[ br+ toge!r ^? views :i*1 ^u ! :ole1 appe> to me ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,i believe1 ) ,dr4 ,dewees1 t a set ( absorb5t vessels ext5d f ! inn]mo/ surface ( ! labia ext]na1 & f ! vag9a to ! ov>y1 ! :ole (fice ( :i* is to take up ! sem5 or "s "p !re(1 & convey x to ! ov>y4 ,i believe1 ) ,leeuw5hoek1 t ! sem9al animalculae are ! prop] rudim5ts ( ! foetus1 & are p]haps ( diff]5t sexes2 t 9 cases ( impregnation "o ( !m is c>ri$ n only to1 b into a vesicle ( an ov>y1 :i* is 9 a condition to receive & be duly affect$ by x499 ,x is "h surr\nd$ by ! album9\s fluid :i* ! vesicle conta9s4 ,?is fluid be+ some:at *ang$ 9 its qualities by its new-com]1 /imulates ! m9ute vessels ( ! p>ts :i* surr\nd x1 & ?us causes m ( ?is fluid to be =m$2 & :ile x af=ds ! animalcule mat]ial = its developm5t1 x puts ! delicate membrane ( ! ov>y :i* reta9s x 9 its place ^u ! /ret*1 & f9ally bur/s =? surr\nd$ probably by an exce$+ly delicate membrane ( its own4 ,?is membrane1 ) ! album9\s fluid x conta9s & ! animalcule 9 ! c5t] ( x1 con/itutes ! ovum or egg4 ,x is receiv$ by ! fimbriat$ extremity ( ! ,fallopian tube1 :i* by ?is "t has grasp$ ! ov>y1 & is by ?is tube sl[ly convey$ into ! ut]us1 to ! inn] surface ( :i* x atta*es itself1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! membrane1 :i* is =m$ by ! ut]us itself 9 ! int]im betwe5 impregnation & ! arriv+ ( ! ovum 9 ! way ,i h j m5tion$4 99 ,! op9ion t ! sp]matozoa ( sem9al filam5ts are real animalculae is n[ ab&on$1 b x is held by ,dr4 ,c>p5t] & o!r au?orities t !y actually1 z "h /at$1 p5etrate into ! int]ior ( ! ovum4 ,! nature ( impregnation1 says ,dr4 ,h]mann1 is z yet unkn[n4 ,9 all probability x is1 above all1 ess5tial1 9 ord] t x %\ld occur1 t "o or m sp]matozoa %\ld p5etrate ! ovum4 ,at any rate1 sp]matozoa h be5 f\nd )9 ! fecundat$ eggs ( ! mo/ div]se species ( animals4--,elem5ts ( ,human ,physiology1 translat$ f ! #e? ed41 by ,dr4 ,gamgee1 p4 #ecd1 #ahge4--;,g4 ,r4 ,! idea t a sem9al animalcule ent]s an ovum :ile x rema9s 9 ! ov>y1 0 nev] be=e advanc$ to my k2 h5ce ,i consid] x incumb5t ^u me to advance "s reason = ! op9ion4 ,fir/1 x is admitt$ on all h&s t ! sem9al animalculae are ess5tial to impregnation1 s9ce !y _c be detect$ :5 ei!r f age or disease ! animal is r5d]$ /]ile4 ,second1 ! ovum is impregnat$ :ile x rema9s 9 ! ov>y4 ,true1 ^? :o nev] met ) ,dr4 ,dewees' !ory1 & :o1 consequ5tly1 h adopt$ ! idea t ! sem5 is eject$ into ! ut]us1 z ! lea/ improbable ( any ) :i* !y 7 acqua9t$1 h f\nd x v difficult to dispose ( ! fact t ! ovum is impregnat$ 9 ! ov>y1 & h consequ5tly presum$ ?is is n g5]ally ! case4 ,!y admit x is c]ta9ly s sometimes1 & t x is difficult to reject ! conclusion t x is always s4 ,dr4 ,bo/ock--:o1 d\btless1 _h n met ) ,dewees' !ory at ! "t he wrote1 & :o admits x impossible to conceive h[ ! sem5 c f9d its way along ! ,fallopian tubes1 h[ x c f9d its way t[>d ! ov>y1 f>!r1 at mo/1 ?an into ! ut]us1 &1 consequ5tly1 _c see h[ ! ovum c be impregnat$ into ! ov>y--says1 ,p]haps ! mo/ rational supposition may be t ! ovum is transmitt$ to ! ut]us 9 ! unimpregnat$ /ate2 b !re are c]ta9 facts :i* seem almo/ incompatible ) ?is idea1 especially ! cases :i* n infrequ5tly occur ( p]fect foetuses hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ! tubes1 or :]e !y escap$ !m into ! cavity ( ! abdom54 ,h5ce x is demon/rat$ ! ovum is occasionally impregnat$ 9 ! tubes 7:y did he n say ov>ia871 & we c sc>cely resi/ ! conclusion t x mu/ always be ! case4444,hall] discusses ?is hypo!sis 7,bo/ock's 'mo/ natural supposition1 p]haps'7 & decides aga9/ x4444,! exp]im5ts ( ,cruik%ank1 :i* 7 v num]\s1 & appe> to h be5 made ) ! requisite degree ( skill & correctness1 l$ to ! conclusion t ! rudim5t ( ! "y animal is p]fect$ 9 ! ov>ium4444 ,a case is detail$ by ,dr4 ,granville1 ( a foetus :i* appe>s to h be5 lodg$ 9 ! body ( ! ov>ium itself1 & is consid]$ by its au?or z a pro( t conception always takes place 9 ?is organ4 ,! above quotations are f ! ?ird volume ( ,bo/ock's ,physiology4 ,n[1 z ! sem9al animalculae are ess5tial to impregnation1 & z ! ovum is impregnat$ 9 ! ov>ium1 :at m probable conjecture c we =m ?an t an animalcule1 z ! real prop] rudim5t ( ! foetus1 ent]s ! ovum1 :]e1 be+ surr\nd$ ) album9\s fluid ) :i* x is n\ri%$1 x gradually becomes develop$8 ,x may be notic$ t ,leeuw5hoek e/imates t t5 ?\s& animalculae ( ! human sem5 may exi/ 9 a space n l>g] ?an a gra9 ( s&4 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no difficulty 9 admitt+ t !y may f9d _! way along exce$+ly m9ute vessels f ! vag9a1 n only to1 b into ! ovum :ile situat$ 9 ! ov>ium4 ,i ?9k no "o c be dispos$ to ma9ta9 t ! animalculae m]ely rea*es ! surface ( ! ovum & ?us impregnates x4 ,b possibly "s may cont5d t its sole (fice is to /imulate ! ovum1 & 9 ?is way set go+ t tra9 ( actions :i* are ess5tial to impregnation4 ,b !re is no evid5ce 9 favor ( ?is la/ idea1 & c]ta9ly x does n s well h>monize ) ! fact t ! (fspr+ g5]ally p>takes m or less ( ! "* ( its male p>5t4 ,z ,dr4 ,dewees says ( ! doctr9e ( sympa?y1 ,x makes no provision = ! =mation ( mules2 = ! peculi>ities ( & lik5ess ( p>5ts2 & = ! propagation ( pr$isposition to disease f p>5t to *ild2 = ! production ( mulattoes1 etc4 ,consid]+ x important to d away ) ! popul> & mis*iev\s error t ! sem5 mu/ ent] ! ut]us to effect impregnation1 ,i %all1 9 addition to :at has be5 already advanc$1 "h notice ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,haighton4 ,he divid$ ! ,fallopian tubes 9 num]\s in/ances1 & t aft] ! op]ation a foetus is nev] produc$1 b t corpora lutea 7 =m$4 ,! obvi\s conclusions f ^! facts are t ! sem5 does n trav]se ! ,fallopian tubes to rea* ! ov>ia2 yet1 t ! ovum becomes impregnat$ :ile 9 ! ov>ium &1 consequ5tly1 t ! sem5 rea*es ! ovum 9 "s way1 except by ! ut]us & ,fallopian tubes4 ,i may rem>k1 h[ev]1 t a corpus luteum is n positive pro( t impregnation at "s "t or o!r has tak5 place2 yet !y are s r>ely f\nd 9 virg9s t !y 7 reg>d$ z su* pro(s until ! "t ( ,blum5ba*1 a writ] ( ! pres5t c5tury499 99 ,a corpus luteum is a little yell[i% body1 =m$ 9 ! ov>y by *anges t take place 9 ! ,graafian vesicle aft] x has bur/ & dis*>g$ its cont5ts4 ,corpora lutea 7 =m]ly consid]$ a sure sign ( impregnation1 z !y 7 ?\ght to be develop$ only or *iefly 9 cases ( pregnancy1 b x is n[ kn[n t !y occur 9 all cases :]e a vesicle has be5 ruptur$ & an ovum dis*>g$2 ?\gh !y atta9 a l>g]1 size & are long] visible 9 ! ov>y :5 pregnancy takes place ?an :5 x does n4--,g4 ,r4 ,h>vey & ,de,graaf dissect$ animals at mo/ e p]iod aft] coition = ! express purpose ( discov]+ ! sem51 b 7 nev] able to detect ! smalle/ ve/ige ( x 9 ! ut]us 9 any "o in/ance4--,dewells ,essay on ,sup]foetation4 ,! fact ( sup]foetation furni%es a v /rong argum5t aga9/ ! idea t ! sem5 ent]s ! ut]us 9 impregnation4 ,a woman be+ impregnat$ :ile %e is already impregnat$ con/itutes sup]foetation4 ,x is e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt t su* in/ances h occurr$1 yet ^? :o h suppos$ t x is necess>y = ! sem5 to pass ?r\gh ! m\? ( ! ut]us to produce conception h urg$ t sup]foetation c\ld n take place1 because1 say !y--& !y say correctly--s soon z impregnation %all h tak5 place1 ! os ut]i closes & becomes imp]vi\s to ! sem5 eject$ 9 subsequ5t acts ( coition4 ,dr4 ,dewees relat$ two cases1 evid5tly cases ( sup]foetation1 t occurr$ to 8 own p]sonal k4 ,! fir/ %[s t1 agreeable to ! old !ory1 ! sem5 mu/ h met ) o!r difficulties ?an a clos$ mon? ( ! ut]us1--x mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh sev]al membranes1 z well z ! wat]s surr\nd+ ! foetus1 to h rea*$ ev5 ! ut]9e extremity ( a ,fallopian tube4 ,! second case ,i w give 9 8 own words3 ,a :ite woman1 s]vant to ,mr4 ,h41 ( ,ab+ton t[n%ip1 ,montgom]y c\nty1 0 deliv]$ ab\t five & tw5ty ye>s s9ce ( tw9s1 "o ( :i* 0 p]fectly :ite1 ! o!r p]fectly black4 ,:5 ,i resid$ 9 t neighborhood ,i 0 9 ! habit ( see+ !m almo/ daily & also _h frequ5t conv]sations ) ,mrs4 ,h4 respect+ !m4 ,%e 0 pres5t at _! bir?1 s t no possible deception c\ld h be5 practic$ respect+ !m4 ,! :ite girl is delicate1 fair-sk9n$1 light-hair$ & blue ey$1 & is said v mu* to resemble ! "m4 ,! o!r has all ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! ,african2 %ort ( /ature1 flat1 broad-nos$1 ?ick-lipp$1 woolly-head$1 flat-foot$1 & project+ heels2 %e is said to resemble a negro !y _h on ! f>m1 b ) :om ! woman w\ld nev] ackn[l$ge an intimacy2 b ( ?is !re 0 no d\bt1 z bo? he & ! :ite man1 ) :om h] connection 0 detect$1 ran f ! neighborhood z soon z x 0 kn[n ! girl 0 ) *ild4 ,i am aw>e t "s h ?\ght t !y _h actually discov]$ sem5 9 ! ut]us1 :ile ,ruys*1 an anatomi/ ( consid]able em95ce1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ass]t$ 9 ! mo/ unequivocal mann] t he f\nd ! sem5 9 its gross :ite /ate 9 "o ( ! ,fallopian tubes ( a woman1 :o di$ v soon aft]1 or dur+ ! act ( coition2 b says ,dewees1 ! sem51 aft] x has escap$ f ! p5is1 quickly loses its album9\s appe>ance & becomes z ?9 & transp>5t z wat]4 ,& we are c]ta9 t ,ruys* 0 mi/ak54 ,"s alt]ation 9 ! natural secretion ( ! p>ts 0 mi/ak5 = sem54 ,?is 0 n[ise difficult = him to d1 z he _h a p>ticul> !ory to support1 & m especially z ?is suppos$ discov]y made s mu* = x4 ,x is n m]ely speculative :5 we say t "s *ange 9 ! natural secretion ( ! p>ts may be mi/ak5 = sem51 = we h ! te/imony ( ,morgani on our side4 ,he tells u he has se5 simil> appe>ances 9 sev]al in/ances 9 virg9s & o!rs1 :o h be5 subject dur+ _! lives to leucorrhae1 & t x has be5 mi/ak5 by "s = male sem54 ,on ! :ole ,i w\ld say1 t 9 "s in/ances1 :]e ! m\? ( ! ut]us is uncommonly relax$1 ! sem5 may1 z x 71 accid5tally h f\nd its way into x2 b t is n g5]ally ! case1 nor is x ess5tial to impregnation2 & fur!r1 t :atev] sem5 may at any "t be lodg$ 9 ! ut]us1 has no?+ to d ) conception4 ,x is n consi/5t ) analogy to suppose t ! ut]us has vessels = absorb+ ! sem5 & convey+ x to ! ov>ia1 consid]+ ! o!r important functions :i* we "k x p]=ms4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* a female is mo/ likely to conceive are1 fir/1 :5 %e is 9 heal?2 second1 betwe5 ! ages ( tw5ty-six & ?irty2 ?ird1 aft] %e has = a season be5 depriv$ ( ^? int]c\rses %e _h previ\sly enjoy$2 f\r?1 soon aft] m5/ruat+4 ,respect-+ ?is latt] circum/ance1 ,dr4 ,dewees rem>ks1 ,p]haps x is n err+ greatly to say1 t ! woman is liable to conceive at any "p ( ! m5/rual int]val4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ favorable in/ant is imm$iately aft] ! catam5ia h ceas$4 ,p]haps ?is is s z a g5]al rule1 b x is c]ta9ly liable to exceptions199 & he relates ! foll[+ case :i* occurr$ to 8 own notice3 99 ,?is view1 :i* conc]ns a "q ( ! utmo/ practical importance1 is held at ! pres5t day by ! great physiologi/s4 ,x is believ$ t al?\gh conception may occur at o!r times1 x is mu* m likely to happ5 f int]c\rse a few days be=e or aft] ! m5/rual p]iods2 t is to say1 dur+ ! "t :5 ova are 9 process ( be+ rip5$ & deta*$ f ! ov>ies1 & be=e !y p]i% & are convey$ out ( ! body4 ,!re is good reason to believe1 says ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 t 9 ! human female ! sexual feel+ becomes /rong] at ! p]iod ( m5/ruation2 & x is q c]ta9 t !re is a great] aptitude = conception imm$iately be=e & aft] t epo*1 ?an !re is at any imm$iate p]iod4 ,?is "q has be5 made ! subject ( special inquiry by ,m4 ,raciborski1 :o affirms t ! exceptions to ! rule--t conception occurs imm$iately be=e or aft] or dur+ m5/ruation--are n m ?an six or sev5 p] c5t4 ,inde$1 9 8 late/ "w on ! subject1 he gives ! details ( fifte5 cases1 9 :i* ! date ( conception c\ld be accurately fix$1 & ! "t ( ! la/ appe>ance ( ! catam5ia 0 also kn[n1 & 9 all b "o ( !m ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! p]iods 0 v close4--,human ,physiology1 p4 #iei4 ,s1 too1 ,dr4 ,kirkes rem>ks1 t al?\gh conception is n conf9$ to ! p]iods ( m5/ruation1 yet x is m likely to occur )9 a few days aft] cessation ( ! m5/rual flux ?an at o!r times4--,h&book ( ,physiology1 p4 #gbe4 ,! husb& ( a lady :o 0 oblig$ to abs5t himself _m mon?s 9 consequ5ce ( ! emb>rassm5t ( 8 affairs1 return$ "o night cl&e/9ely1 8 visit be+ only kn[n to 8 wife1 8 "m1 & myself4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is visit 0 ! impregnation ( 8 wife4 ,! lady 0 at t "t )9 a week ( h] m5/rual p]iod2 b z ?is did n fail to take place1 %e 0 l$ to hope t %e _h n suff]$ by ! visit ( h] husb&4 ,b h] catam5ia n appe>+ at ! next p]iod1 gave rise to a fe> t %e _h n escap$6 & ! bir? ( a *ild n9e mon?s & ?irte5 days f ! night ( ! cl&e/9e visit prov$ h] appreh5sions too well gr\nd$4 ,i ?9k ?is case is an exception to a g5]al rule2 &1 fur!rmore1 favors an idea :i* reason & a limit$ obs]vation1 r ?an positive k1 has l$ me to advance1 ! above1 namely1 t a woman is m likely to conceive1 o!r ?+s be+ ! same1 aft] be+ depriv$ = a season ( ^? int]c\rses %e _h previ\sly enjoy$4 ,_h ?is lady's husb& rema9$ con/antly at home1 %e w\ld probably ei!r n h conceiv$ at all1 or h done s a =tnight soon] ?an %e did4 ,?is case is also rem>kable = two o!r facts3 "o1 t a woman 9 p]fect heal?1 & pregnant ) a heal?y *ild1 may exce$ ! p]iod ( n9e mon?s by sev]al days2 ! o!r1 t a *eck is n always imm$iately giv5 to ! catam5ial fl[ by an ovum be+ impregnat$4 ,probably x is n s g5]ally s z _m suppose4 ,! t]m ( ut]o-ge/ation1 or ! l5g? ( "t f conception to ! comm5cem5t ( labor1 is n precisely det]m9$ by physiologi/s4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 says ,dr4 ,dewees1 f ! be/ calculations t c be made1 t n9e cal5d> mon?s1 or =ty weeks1 approa*es ! tru? s ne>ly t we c sc>cely ne$ or desire m accuracy1 c\ld x be obta9$4 ,unque/ionably1 h[ev]1 "s cases exce$ ?is p]iod by _m days1 or ev5 weeks1 & x has be5 a "q mu* agitat$1 h[ f> ?is p]iod is ev] exce$$4 ,x is a "q ( "s mom5t 9 a legal po9t ( view4 ,cases are report$ :]e ! usual p]iod 0 exce$$ by five or six mon?s2 cases1 too1 :]e ! circum/ances att5d+ !m & ! respectability ( _! report]s are su* z to comm& our belief4 ,dr4 ,dewees has paid mu* att5tion to ?is subject1 & he decl>es himself entirely conv9c$ t ! commonly fix$ p]iod may be ext5d$ f ?irte5 days to six weeks1 "u ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 causes or peculi>ities ( con/itution499 99 ,see tables 9 ,dr4 ,bull's ,h9ts to ,mo!rs1 pp4 #acj-ada4 --,publi%]s' note4 ,^! occasional dep>tures f ! g5]al rule w1 p]haps1 be ! m readily admitt$ :5 we consid] t !y are n conf9$ to ! human species4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,tessi]1 x appe>s t ! t]m ( ut]o-ge/ation v>ies greatly ) ! c[1 %eep1 horse1 sw9e & o!r animals to :i* 8 att5tion 0 direct$4 ,prop]ly connect$ ) ! subject ( g5]ation are ! signs ( pregnancy4 ,dr4 ,dewees rem>ks t our exp]i5ce furni%es no c]ta9 m>k by :i* ! mom5t conception takes place is to be di/+ui%$4 ,all appeals by ! wom5 to p>ticul> s5sations exp]i5c$ at ! in/ant %\ld be v gu>d$ly receiv$1 = we are c]ta9 !y _c be reli$ ^u2 = enjoym5t & indiff]5ce are alike fallaci\s4 ,nor are c]ta9 n]v\s trembl+s1 nausea1 palpitation ( ! he>t1 ! s5sation ( some?+ fl[+ f !m dur+ coition1 etc1 m to be reli$ ^u4 ,burns1 h[ev]1 says1 ,"s wom5 feel1 imm$iately aft] conception1 a peculi> s5sation1 :i* apprises !m ( _! situation1 b su* in/ances are n frequ5t1 & g5]ally ! fir/ circum/ances :i* lead a woman to suppose h]self pregnant are ! suppression ( ! m5ses2 a fickle appetite1 "s sickness1 p]haps vomit+1 especially 9 ! morn+2 return+ qualms1 or languor 9 ! aft]noon2 %e is liable to he>tburn1 & to di/urb$ sleep4 ,! brea/s at fir/ (t5 become small] & sometimes t5d]2 b ab\t ! ?ird mon? !y enl>ge1 & occasionally become pa9ful4 ,! nipple is surr\nd$ ) an aureole or circle ( a br[n color1 or at lea/ ( a color s5sibly deep] or d>k] ?an be=e4 ,%e loses h] looks1 becomes pal]1 & ! "u "p ( ! l[] eyelid is (t5 some:at ( a lead5 hue4 ,! features become %>p]1 & sometimes ! :ole body beg9s to emaciate1 :ile ! pulse quick5s4 ,9 _m in/ances p>ticul> sympa?ies take place1 caus+ salivation1 too?a*e1 jaundice1 etc4 ,9 o!r cases v little di/urbance is produc$1 & ! woman is n c]ta9 ( h] condition until ! "t ( quick5+1 :i* is g5]ally ab\t f\r mon?s f conception4 ,x is possible = a woman to mi/ake ! effects ( w9d = ! motion ( ! *ild1 especially if !y h nev] borne *ildr51 & be anxi\s = a family2 b ! s5sation produc$ by w9d 9 ! b[els is n conf9$ to "o spot1 b is (t5 felt at a "p ( ! abdom5 :]e ! motion ( a *ild c\ld n possibly be felt4 ,q z frequ5tly1 p]haps1 d fle%y wom5 ?9k !mselves dropsical1 & mi/ake motions ( ! *ild = movem5ts ( wat] )9 ! abdom9al cavity4 ,! motion ( ! *ild is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! s5sation sometimes produc$ by ! ut]us ris+ out ( ! pelvis1 :i* produces ! feel+ ( flutt]+4 ,at ! end ( ! f\r? mon?1 ! ut]us becomes s l>ge t x is oblig$ to rise out ( ! pelvis1 & if ?is elevation takes place sudd5ly1 ! s5sation accompany+ x is pretty /rong1 & ! woman at ! "t feels sick or fa9t1 & 9 irritable habits2 ev5 a hy/]ical fit may accompany x ,aft] ?is ! morn+ sickness & o!r sympa!tic effects ( pregnancy g5]ally abate1 & ! heal? improves4 ,v soon aft] impregnation1 if blood be drawn & suff]$ to /& a %ort "t undi/urb$1 x w become sizy1 ( a yell[i% or blui% color1 & some:at ( an oily appe>ance4 ,b we _c f su* appe>ances ( ! blood alone pron\nce a woman pregnant1 = a suppression ( ! m5ses1 accompani$ ) a febrile /ate1 may give ! blood a l appe>ance z pregnancy1 s also may "s local disease4 ,( ! above-m5tion$ symptoms1 p]haps !re is no "o on :i* we c place m reliance ?an ! increas$ color ( ! circle ar\nd ! nipple499 99 ,see ,advice to a ,wife1 ,p4 ,h4 ,*avasse1 pp4 #aae-abd1 :]e _m details are giv54--,publi%]s' note4 ,six or eight weeks aft] conception1 ! mo/ sure way ( asc]ta9+ pregnancy is to exam9e ! m\? & neck ( ! ut]us1 by way ( ! vag9a4 ,! ut]us w be f\nd l[] d[n ?an =m]ly1 its m\? is n direct$ s mu* =w>d z be=e impregnation1 & is m completely clos$1 & ! neck is felt to be ?ick]1 or increas$ 9 circumf]5ce4 ,:5 rais$ on ! f+] x is f\nd to be heavi] or m resi/+4 ,:oev] makes ?is exam9ation mu/ h exam9$ ! same ut]us 9 an unimpregnat$ /ate1 & reta9$ a tol]ably correct idea ( its feel+ at t "t1 or he w be liable to unc]ta9ty1 because ! ut]us ( "o woman is naturally diff]5t 9 magnitude f ano!r1 & ! ut]us is frequ5tly l[] d[n ?an natural f o!r causes ?an pregnancy499 99 ,no "o b a doctor1 or "o tra9$ 9 physiology c\ld1 ( c\rse1 make any su* exam9ation ) safety & utility4--,publi%]s' note4 ,x has n be5 fully asc]ta9$ h[ long x is aft] a fruitful connection be=e an effect is produc$ ^u ! ov>ia1 t is be=e any alt]ation c\ld be discov]$1 7 ! female to be dissect$4 ,b ,brighton's exp]im5ts h e/abli%$ ! fact1 t ) rabbits1 ^: t]m ( ut]o-ge/ation is b ?irty days1 no effect is propagat$ to ! ov>ia until ne>ly fifty h\rs aft] coition2 we %\ld judge1 !re=e1 t ) ! human species x mu/ be sev]al days1 & x is g5]ally e/imat$ by physiologi/s t ! ovum does n rea* ! ut]us until ! expiration ( tw5ty days f ! "t ( connection499 99 ,! "t occupi$ 9 ! passage ( ! ovum f ! ov>y to ! ut]us1 says ,dr4 ,kirkes1 occupies probably eight or t5 days 9 ! human female4--,h&book ( ,physiology1 p4 #gda4--;,g4 ,r4 ,x is probable t 9 all cases 9 :i* any matt] is absorb$ f any "p ( ! animal sy/em1 "s little "t is requir$ = su* matt]1 aft] its application1 to /imulate & ar\se ! absorb5t vessels to action2 h5ce x is probable t aft] ! sem5 is lodg$ 9 ! vag9a1 x is _m m9utes1 possibly "s h\rs1 be=e any "p ( x is absorb$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,( ,,promot+ ,,& ,,*eck+ ,,conception ,/]ility dep5ds ei!r on imp]fect organization1 or imp]fect action ( ! organs ( g5]ation4 ,9 ! =m] cases1 :i* are r>e1 ! m5ses d n g5]ally appe>1 ! brea/s are n develop$1 & ! sexual desire is inconsid]able4 ,!re is no rem$y 9 ^! cases4 ,! action may be imp]fect 9 sev]al respects4 ,! m5ses may be ob/ruct$ or sp>+1 or !y may be too pr(use or frequ5t4 ,x is extremely r>e = a woman to conceive :o does n m5/ruate regul>ly4 ,h5ce :]e ?is is ! case ! fir/ /ep is to regulate ?is p]iodical dis*>ge4 ,= ?is purpose ! advice ( a physician w g5]ally be requir$1 = ^! irregul>ities dep5d ^u su* v>i\s causes & require su* a v>iety ( treatm5t t x w\ld be inconsi/5t ) ! plan ( ?is "w to give in/ructions = rem$y+ !m4 ,a /ate ( exhau/ion or weakness ( ! ut]9e sy/em1 occasion$ by too frequ5t int]c\rse1 is a frequ5t cause ( /]ility4 ,! /]ility ( pro/itutes is attribut$ to ?is cause1 b ,i d\bt x be+ ! only "o4 ,) females :o are app>5tly heal?y1 ! mo/ frequ5t cause is a torpor1 r ?an weakness ( ! g5ital organs4 ,= ! removal ( /]ility f ?is cause1 ,i %all give "s in/ructions1 & ?is ,i d ! m readily because ! requisite means are su* z w regulate ! m5ses 9 _m cases1 :]e !y d n appe> s e>ly 9 life1 s freely or s frequ5tly z !y ought4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w g5]ally be necess>y to d some?+ t[>d invigorat+ ! sy/em by ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 by n\ri%+ food ( easy dige/ion1 by suffici5t dress1 p>ticul>ly flannel1 & especially by /rict temp]ance 9 all ?+s4 ,) ?is view1 also1 "s scales :i* fall f ! blacksmi?'s anvil1 or "s /eel fil+s may be put into old cid] or w9e 7cid] ! be/71 & aft] /&+ a week or s1 z mu* may be tak5 two or ?ree times a day z c be borne )\t di/urb+ ! /oma*4 ,all ! :ile ! b[els are to be kept r op5 by tak+ f "o to ?ree ( ,pill rufi e night on go+ to b$4 ,^! pills consi/ ( f\r p>ts ( aloes1 two p>ts ( myrrh1 & "o ( saffron1 by weight4 ,^! measures hav+ be5 regul>ly pursu$ until ! sy/em be br\ght into a vigor\s /ate1 m$ic9es :i* are m p>ticul>ly calculat$ to ar\se ! g5ital organs f a /ate ( torpor may be comm5c$1 & cont9u$ = mon?s if necess>y4 ,! *eape/1 mo/ simple 7& ,i am n prep>$ to say x is n ! mo/ effectual 9 _m cases7 is cay5ne4 ,all ! virtues ( ?is article are n g5]ally kn[n ev5 to physicians4 ,i "k x does n h ! effect ^u ! coats ( ! /oma* t _m h conjectur$4 ,x may be tak5 9 ! quantity ( f "o to two ris+ teaspoonsful1 or ev5 m1 ev]yday up on food or on any liquid vehicle4 ,ano!r m$ic9e ( mu* efficacy is ,dewees' ,volatile ,t9cture ( ,guaiac4 ,x is g5]ally kept by apo!c>ies1 & is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,take ( ,gum ,guaicum1 9 p[d]1 eight ounces2 c>bonate ( ,pota%1 or ( ,soda1 or 7:at w answ]7 ,sal]atus1 ?ree dra*ms2 ,allspice1 9 p[d]1 two ounces2 any common spirits ( good /r5g?1 two p\nds1 or :at is ab\t ! same two p9ts & a gill4 ,put all into a bottle1 :i* may be %ak5 n[ & !n1 & use ( x may be comm5c$ 9 a few days4 ,to e gill ( ?is1 at lea/ a l>ge teaspoon-ful ( ,spirits ( ,ammonia is to be add$4 ,a teaspoonful is to be tak5 = a dose1 ?ree times a day1 9 a glass ( milk1 cid] or w9e4 ,x is usually giv5 be=e eat+2 b if x %\ld *ance to (f5d ! /oma* :5 tak5 be=e breakfa/1 x may 9 ?is case be tak5 an h\r aft]4 ,dr4 ,dewees f\nd ?is t9cture1 tak5 p]haps = mon?s1 ! mo/ effectual rem$y = pa9ful m5/ruation1 :i* is an ob/9ate compla9t4 ,if !re be frequ5t /rong pulse1 heat1 ?ir/1 florid c\nt5ance1 etc41 x is n to be tak5 until ^! symptoms be remov$ by l[ diet1 a few doses ( salts1 & ble$+1 if requir$4 ,a ?ird m$ic9e = ar\s+ ! g5ital organs1 is t9cture ( ,spani% ,flies4 ,b ,i d\bt its be+ equal1 9 /]ility1 to ! above m5tion$ m$ic9es1 ?\gh x may exce$ !m 9 "s cases1 & may be tri$ if ^! fail4 ,a dra*m ( !m may be put to two gills ( spirits4 ,dose1 #be drops1 9 wat]1 ?ree times a day1 increas+ ea* "o by two or ?ree drops1 until "s degree ( /rangu>y occurs1 !n omit until ?is pass (f1 z x w 9 a day or two4 ,%\ld ! /rangu>y be sev]e1 dr9k freely ( milk & wat]1 slipp]y elm1 or flaxse$ tea4 ,9 _m cases ( /]ility1 :]e ! g5]al heal? is consid]ably 9 fault1 & especially :5 ! dige/ive organs are torpid1 ,i %\ld h mu* fai? 9 a ,?omsonian c\rse4 ,x is calculat$ to ar\se ! capill>y vessels ?r\gh\t ! :ole sy/em1 & ?us to op5 ! secretions1 to remove ob/ructions1 & free ! blood ( ^? effete & phlegmy mat]ials :i* nature requires to be ?r[n (f4 ,! views ( ! ,?omsonian z to heat & cold appe> to me unphilosophical4 ,b ?is has no?+ to d ) ! effici5cy ( _! measures4 ,9 relation to /]ility1 ,i w\ld "h br+ to m9d1 :at has be=e be5 /at$1 t a woman is mo/ likely to conceive imm$iately aft] a m5/rual turn4 ,& n[1 also1 let me sugge/ ! idea t ,nature's delicate beg9n+s may be fru/rat$ by ! same means t put h] a go+4 ,?is idea is c]ta9ly important :5 ! woman is kn[n to h misc>ri$ a numb] ( times4 ,/]ility is sometimes to be attribut$ to ! male1 ?\gh he app>5tly be 9 p]fect heal?4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ fact to asc]ta9 if !re be no sem9al animalculae 9 ^! cases2 & :e!r m$ic9es ( any k9d are available4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t a male & female may be /]ile 9 relation to ea* o!r1 ?\gh nei!r ( !m be s ) o!rs4 ,! =ego+ measures = /]ility are also suitable 9 cases ( impot5cy4 ,?is t]m1 ,i believe1 is g5]ally con-l9$ to1 & def9$ z a want ( desire or ability1 or bo? on ! "p ( ! male2 b ,i see no good reason :y x %\ld n compreh5d ! case 9 :i* !re is nei!r desire nor pleasure ) ! female4 ,su* females1 x is true1 may be fruitful2 b s1 on ! o!r h&1 ! sem5 may n h lo/ its fecundat+ prop]ty4 ,impot5cy1 at a "y or middle age1 & 9 "s situations 9 life especially1 is c]ta9ly a s]i\s mis=tune1 to say ! lea/ ( x4 ,! :ole evil by no means consi/s1 9 e case1 9 ! loss ( a s\rce ( pleasure4 ,all "y p ought to be appris$ ( ! causes ( x--causes :i*1 9 _m in/ances1 greatly less5 "o's ability ( giv+ & receiv+ t pleasure :i* is ! root ( dome/ic happ9ess4 ,i %all allude to "o cause1 t ( premature1 & especially solit>y gratification1 9 ano!r place4 ,intemp]ance 9 ! use ( spirits is ano!r p[]ful cause4 ,ev5 a mod]ate use ( spirits1 & also ( tobacco1 9 any =m1 h "s effect ,x is a law ( animal economy1 t no "o "p ( ! sy/em c be /imulat$ or excit$1 )\t an exp5se ( vitality1 z x is t]m$4 ,! "p :i* is /imulat$ draws ! en]gy f o!r p>ts4 ,& h5ce x is1 t close & deep /udy1 z well z all ! m5tal passions :5 excessive1 impair ! v5]eal appetite4 ,all excesses1 all diseases & modes ( life :i* impair ! g5]al heal?1 impair ?is appetite1 b "s ?+s m directly & p[]fully ?an o!rs4 ,z to ! rem$ies = impot5cy1 !y are mu* ! same z = /]ility4 ,x is ( ! fir/ importance t ! m9d be reliev$ f all c>e & anxiety4 ,! g5]al heal? is to be improv$ by temp]ance1 prop] ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 *e]ful company1 *ange ( sc5]y1 or "s occupation to div]t ! m9d )\t requir+ mu* ex]cise ( x2 n\ri%+ food ( easy dige/ion2 flannel worn next to ! sk94 ,! cold ba? may be tri$1 & if x be foll[$ by agreeable feel+s1 x w d good4 ,! b[els may be g5tly /imulat$ by ! pills be=e m5tion$2 & ! prep>ation ( iron also1 already m5tion$1 %\ld be tak54 ,to /imulate ! g5ital organs m directly1 cay5ne1 ,dewees' t9cture ( guaiac1 or t9cture ( flies1 may be tak54 ,i h giv5 directions = mak+ & tak+ ! t9cture ( flies1 *iefly because x is e/eem$ "o ( ! be/ rem$ies = impot5cy caus$ by or connect$ ) nocturnal emissions1 to :i* ,i h be=e allud$4 ,x is 9 cases :]e little or no pleasure1 nor erection1 att5d ^! emissions--cases br\ght on by debau*]y1 or 9 eld]ly p]sons--t ,i w\ld recomm5d t9cture ( flies1 & ! o!r measures above m5tion$4 ,9 "s bad cases1 enorm\s doses ( ?is t9cture are requir$1 say two or ?ree hundr$ drops4 ,yet ! be/ rule = tak+ x is t already giv51 namely1 beg9 ) small doses1 & gradually increase until "s /rangu>y be felt1 or "s b5efit be receiv$4 ,9 ?is affection1 z well z 9 all cases ( impair$ virility1 ! means ,i h m5tion$ are to be pursu$ = a long "t1 unless relief be obta9$4 ,^! h cur$ aft] hav+ be5 tak5 = a ye> or m )\t ! result4 ,9 all cases ( impot5cy n evid5tly dep5d+ ^u disease ( "s "p besides ! g5ital organs1 ,i %\ld h mu* confid5ce 9 bli/]s appli$ to ! l[] "p ( ! sp9e4 ,occasional nocturnal emissions1 accompani$ ) erection & pleasure1 are by no means to be consid]$ a disease1 ?\gh !y h giv5 _m a "o su* uneas9ess4 ,ev5 if !y be frequ5t1 & ! sy/em consid]ably debilitat$1 if n caus$ by debau*1 & ! p]son be "y1 m>riage is ! prop] measure4 ,!re h be5 sev]al means propos$ & practic$ = *eck+ conception4 ,i %all briefly notice !m1 ?\gh a k ( ! be/ is :at mo/ conc]ns u4 ,t ( )drawal imm$iately be=e emission is c]ta9ly effectual1 if practic$ ) suffici5t c>e4 ,b if 7z ,i believe7 ,dr4 ,dewees' !ory ( conception be correct1 & z ,spallanzani's exp]im5ts %[ t only a trifle ( sem51 ev5 l>gely dilut$ ) wat]1 may impregnate by be+ inject$ into ! vag9a1 x is cle> t no?+ %ort ( entire )drawal is to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,b ! old notion t ! sem5 mu/ ent] ! ut]us to cause conception1 has l$ _m to believe t a p>tial )drawal is suffici5t1 & x is on ?is acc\nt t ?is error has prov$ mis*iev\s1 z all important errors g5]ally d4 ,x is said by ^? :o speak f exp]i5ce t ! practice ( )drawal has an effect ^u ! heal? simil> to intemp]ance 9 eat+4 ,z ! subsequ5t exhau/ion is probably ma9ly ow+ to ! %ock ! n]v\s sy/em su/a9s 9 ! act ( coition1 ?is op9ion may be correct4 ,x is fur!r said t ?is practice s]ves to keep alive ^? f9e feel+s ) :i* m>ri$ p fir/ come toge!r4 ,/ill1 ,i leave x = e "o to decide = himself :e!r ?is *eck be s f> f satisfactory z n to r5d] "s o!r v desirable4 ,z to ! baudru*e1 :i* consi/s 9 a cov]+ us$ by ! male1 made ( v delicate sk91 x is by no means calculat$ to come into g5]al use4 ,x has be5 us$ to secure immunity f syphilitic affections4 ,ano!r *eck :i* ! old idea ( conception has l$ "s to recomm5d ) consid]able confid5ce1 consi/s 9 introduc+ into ! vag9a1 previ\s to connection1 a v delicate piece ( sponge1 moi/5$ ) wat]1 to be imm$iately aft]w>d )drawn by means ( a v n>r[ ribbon atta*$ to x1 ,b1 z our views w\ld lead u to expect1 ?is *eck has n prov$ a sure prev5tive4 ,z !re are _m little ridges or folds 9 ! vag9a1 we _c suppose ! )drawal ( ! sponge w\ld dislodge all ! sem5 9 e in/ance4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x 7 well moi/5$ ) "s liquid :i* act$ *emically ^u ! sem51 x w\ld be pretty likely to de/roy ! fecundat+ prop]ty ( :at might rema94 ,b if ?is *eck 7 ev] s sure1 x w\ld1 9 my op9ion1 fall %ort ( be+ equal1 all ?+s consid]$1 to ! "o ,i am ab\t to m5tion--"o :i* n only dislodges ! sem5 pretty effectually1 b at ! same "t de/roys ! fecundat+ prop]ty ( ! :ole ( x4 ,x consi/s 9 syr++ ! vag9a imm$iately aft] connection ) a solution ( sulphate ( z9c1 ( alum1 pe>l-a%1 or any salt t acts *emically on ! sem51 & at ! same "t produces no unfavorable effect on ! female4 ,9 all probability a vegetable a/r+5t w\ld answ]--z an infusion ( :ite oak b>k1 ( r$ rose leaves1 ( nut-galls1 & ! l4 ,a lump ( ei!r ( ! above-m5tion$ salts1 ( ! size ( a *e/nut1 may be dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( wat]1 mak+ ! solution weak] or /rong]1 z x may be borne )\t any irritation ( ! p>ts to :i* x is appli$4 ,^! solutions w n lose _! virtues by age4 ,a female syr+e1 :i* w be requir$ 9 ! use ( ! *eck1 may be _h at ! %op ( an apo!c>y = a %ill+ or less4 ,if pref]r$1 ! sem5 may be dislodg$ z f> z x c be1 by syr++ ) simple wat]1 aft] :i* "s ( ! solution is to be inject$1 to de/roy ! fecundat+ prop]ty ( :at may rema9 lodg$ betwe5 ! ridges ( ! vag9a1 etc4 ,i "k ! use ( ?is *eck requires ! woman to leave h] b$ = a few mom5ts1 b ?is is its only objection2 & x w\ld be unreasonable to suppose t any *eck c ev] be devis$ entirely free ( objections4 ,9 its favor x may be said1 x co/s ne>ly no?+2 x is sure2 x requires no sacrifice ( pleasure2 x is 9 ! h& ( ! female2 x is to be us$ aft]1 in/ead ( be=e ! connection1 a weighty consid]ation 9 its favor1 z a mom5t's reflection w conv9ce any "o2 & la/1 b n lea/1 x is conducive to cleanl9ess1 & pres]ves ! p>ts f relaxation & disease4 ,! vag9a may be v mu* contract$ by a p]sev]+ use ( a/r+5t injections1 & !y are con/antly us$ = ?is purpose 9 cases ( procid5tia ut]i1 or a s9k+ d[n ( ! womb2 subject z wom5 are to fluor albus1 & o!r diseases ( ! g5ital organs1 x is r a matt] ( wond] t !y are n m s1 consid]+ ! prevail+ practices4 ,^? :o h us$ ?is *eck 7& "s h us$ x1 to my c]ta9 k ) entire success = n9e or t5 ye>s1 & "u su* circum/ances z leave no room to d\bt its efficacy7 affirm t !y w\ld be at ! tr\ble ( us+ injections m]ely = ! purposes ( heal? & cleanl9ess4 ,by actual exp]im5t x has be5 r5d]$ highly probable t pregnancy may1 9 _m in/ances1 be prev5t$ by injections ( simple wat]1 appli$ ) a tol]able degree ( c>e4 ,b simple wat] has fail$1 & its occasional failure is :at we %\ld expect1 consid]+ ! anatomy ( ! p>ts1 & ! results ( ,spallanzani's exp]im5ts h]et(ore allud$ to4 ,?is mu* did ,i say respect+ ?is *eck 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w4 ,t is :at ,i call ! *emical *eck4 ,! idea ( de/roy+ ! fecundat+ prop]ty ( ! sem5 0 orig9al1 if x did n orig9ate ) me4 ,my att5tion 0 drawn to ! subject by ! p]usal ( ,moral ,physiology4 ,su* 0 my confid5ce 9 ! *emical idea t ,i sat d[n & wrote ?is "w 9 ,july1 #ahca4 ,b ! reflection t ,i did n "k t ?is *eck w\ld nev] fail1 & t if x %\ld1 ,i might d someone an injury 9 recomm5d+ x1 caus$ ! manuscript to lie on h& until ! foll[+ ,decemb]4 ,"s "t 9 ,novemb] ,i fell 9 ) an old acqua9tance1 :o agreeably surpris$ me by /at+ t to 8 p]sonal k ?is la/ *eck _h be5 us$ z above /at$4 ,i h s9ce conv]s$ ) a g5tleman ) :om ,i 0 acqua9t$1 :o /at$ t1 be+ 9 ,baltimore "s few ye>s ago1 he 0 !re in=m$ ( ?is *eck by ^? :o h no d\bt ( its efficacy4 ,f :at has z yet fell "u my obs]vation1 ,i am n w>rant$ 9 draw+ any conclusion4 ,i c only say t ,i h nev] kn[n x to fail4 ,su* are my views on ! :ole subject1 t x w\ld require _m in/ances ( its reput$ failure to satisfy me t su* failures 7 n ow+ to an insuffici5t use ( x4 ,i ev5 believe t q cold wat] alone1 if ?or\ghly us$1 w\ld be suffici5t4 ,9 ,spallanzani's exp]im5ts w>m wat] 0 unque/ionably us$4 ,z ! sem9al animalcule are ess5tial to impregnation1 all we h to d is to *ange ! condition (1 or1 if y w1 to kill !m2 & z !y are s exce$+ly small & delicate1 ?is is d\btless easily done1 & h5ce cold wat] may be suffici5t4 ,:at has n[ be5 advanc$ 9 ?is "w w enable ! read] to judge = himself or h]self ( ! efficacy ( ! *emical or syr+e *eck1 & "t w probably det]m9e :e!r ,i am correct 9 ?is matt]4 ,i d "k t ^? m>ri$ females :o h mu* desire to escape w n /& = ! little tr\ble ( us+ ?is *eck1 especially :5 !y consid] t on ! score ( cleanl9ess & heal? alone x is wor? ! tr\ble4 ,a great "p ( ! "t no *eck is necess>y1 & wom5 ( exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 ) ! in=mation convey$ by ?is "w1 w be able to judge pretty correctly :5 x is & :5 x is n4 ,!y may re/ assur$ t none ( ! salts m5tion$ w h any delet]i\s effect4 ,! sulphate ( z9c is commonly kn[n by ! "n ( :ite vitriol4 ,?is1 z well z alum1 h be5 ext5sively us$ = leucorrhae4 ,acetate ( lead w\ld d\btless be effectual--inde$1 x has prov5 to be s2 b ,i d n recomm5d x1 because ,i conceive x possible t a long cont9u$ use ( x might impair ! in/9ct4 ,i hope t no failures w be *>g$ ( efficacy ( ?is *eck :i* ought to be attribut$ to neglig5ce or insuffici5t use ( x4 ,i w !re=e recomm5d at lea/ two applications ( ! syr+e1 ! soon] ! sur]1 yet x is my op9ion t five m9utes' delay w\ld n prove mis*iev\s--p]haps n t54 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,reproductive ,,in/9ct ,i sc>cely ne$ obs]ve t by ?is in/9ct is meant ! desire = sexual int]c\rse4 ,blum5ba* speaks ( ?is in/9ct z sup]ior to all o!rs 9 univ]sality & viol5ce4 ,p]haps hung] is an exception4 ,b surely no in/9ct comm&s a great] proportion ( our ?\ghts or has a great] influ5ce ^u happ9ess = bett] or = worse4 ,controll$ by reason & *a/5$ by good feel+s1 x gives to social int]c\rse mu* ( its *>m & ze/1 b direct$ by selfi%ness or gov]n$ by =ce1 x is prolific ( mis]y & degradation4 ,9 itself x appe>s to be ! mo/ social & lea/ selfi% ( all in/9cts4 ,x fits u to give ev5 :ile we receive pleasure1 & among cultivat$ be+s ! =m] p[] is ev5 m highly valu$ ?an ! latt]4 ,n "o ( our in/9cts p]haps af=ds l>g] scope = ! ex]cise ( dis9t]e/$ness1 or fitt] play = ! be/ moral feel+s ( our race4 ,n "o gives bir? to relations m g5tle1 m humaniz+ & ende>+2 n "o lies m imm$iately at ! root ( ! k9dlie/ *>ities & mo/ g5]\s impulses t honor & bless human nature4 ,x is a mu* m noble1 because less purely selfi%1 in/9ct ?an hung] or ?ir/4 ,x is an in/9ct t entw9es itself ar\nd ! w>me/ feel+s & be/ affections ( ! he>t--,moral ,physiology4 ,b too frequ5tly its /r5g?1 toge!r ) a want ( moral culture1 is su* t x is n controll$ by reason2 & consequ5tly1 f "t immemorial1 x has be5 gratifi$1 ei!r 9 a mis*iev\s mann]1 or to su* an intemp]ate degree1 or "u su* improp] circum/ances1 z to give rise to an incalculable am\nt ( human mis]y4 ,= ?is reason x has1 by "s1 be5 reg>d$ z a l[1 degrad+ & c>nal passion1 ) :i* family life mu/ be ev] at w>4 ,b 9 ! in/9ct itself ! philosoph] sees no?+ des]v+ ( degrad+ epi!ts4 ,he sees n t nature %\ld w> aga9/ h]self4 ,he believes t 9 savage life x is1 & 9 wisely organiz$ society ( duly enlight5$ & civiliz$ be+s x %\ld be ! s\rce ( t5-fold m happ9ess ?an mis]y4 ,a "p ( ! evil consequ5ces to :i* ?is in/9ct is daily giv+ rise "u ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 x belongs m p>ticul>ly to ! morali/ to po9t out2 :il/ ( o!rs x falls )9 ! prov9ce ( ! physician to treat4 ,b let me fir/ rem>k t physicians h hi!rto fall5 f> %ort ( giv+ ^? in/ructions conc]n+ ?is in/9ct :i* its importance dem&s4 ,9 books1 pamphlets1 j\rnals1 etc41 !y h laid mu* be=e ! public respect+ eat+1 dr9k+1 ba?+1 lac+1 air1 ex]cise1 etc41 b h pass$ by ! /ill m important subject n[ be=e u1 giv+ only "h & !re sp9e fa9t allusion to x ,?is1 x is true1 ! cu/oms1 n to say prud]ies1 ( ! age h compell$ !m to d1 9 publications design$ = ! public eye1 yet1 9 "s small "w1 indicat$ by its title to be = private p]usal1 !y might1 ) ! utmo/ propriety1 h embodi$ mu* highly useful in/ruction 9 relation to ?is in/9ct4 ,?is in/9ct is liable to be gratifi$ at improp] times1 to an intemp]ate degree1 & 9 a mis*iev\s mann]4 ,true philosophy dictates t ?is & all o!r appetites be s gratifi$ z w mo/ conduce to human happ9ess--n m]ely ! happ9ess att5d+ ! gratification ( "o ( ! s5ses1 b all ! s5ses--n m]ely s5sual happ9ess1 b intellectual--n m]ely ! happ9ess ( ! individual1 b ( ! human family4 ,fir/4--,( ! times at :i* ?is in/9ct ought n to be gratifi$4 ,) females x ought n to be gratifi$ until !y are sev5te5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age1 & ) males n until !y are a ye> or two old]4 ,! reason is1 if !y refra9 until ^! ages1 ! passion w hold out ! long]1 & !y w be able to d]ive mu* m pleasure f x 9 aft] life1 ?an if e>li] gratifi$1 especially to any great ext5t ,a due reg>d to heal? also enjo9s ) mo/ p]sons "s re/ra9t on ?is in/9ct--inde$1 at all times1 b especially = a few ye>s aft] ! above-m5tion$ ages4 ,x ought n to be ra%ly gratifi$ at fir/4 ,beg9 temp]ately1 & z ! sy/em becomes m mature1 & habituat$ to ! effects naturally produc$ by ! gratification ( ?is in/9ct1 x w be> m )\t injury4 ,_m "y m>ri$ p1 ignorant ( ! consequ5ces1 h debilitat$ ! :ole sy/em--! g5ital sy/em 9 p>ticul>2 h impair$ _! m5tal en]gies2 h induc$ consumptive & o!r diseases2 h r5d]$ !mselves irritable1 unsocial1 melan*oly & f9ally mu* impair$1 p]haps de/roy$ _! affection = ea* o!r by an undue gratification ( ! reproductive in/9ct4 ,9 almo/ all diseases1 if gratifi$ at all1 x %\ld be v temp]ately4 ,x ought n to be gratifi$ dur+ m5/ruation1 z x might prove productive to ! man ( symptoms simil> to ^? ( syphilis1 b m probably to ! woman ( a weak5+ disease call$ fluor albus4 ,9 case ( pregnancy a temp]ate gratification = ! fir/ two or ?ree mon?s may be ( no injury to ! woman or ! com+ (fspr+4 ,b x ought to be kn[n t ! gr[? ( ! foetus 9 ut]o may be impair$1 & ! se$s ( future bodily infirmity & m5tal imbecility ( ! (fspr+ may be s[n by mu* indulg5ce dur+ ut]o-ge/ation or pregnancy1 especially :5 ! woman exp]i5ces mu* pleasure 9 su* indulg5ces4 ,hav+ already glanc$ at "s ( ! bad effects ( an undue gratification ( ?is in/9ct1 ,i h b little m to (f] "u ! head ( ,intemp]ate ,degree4 ,x w be borne 9 m9d t intemp]ance 9 ?is ?+ is n to be decid$ by numb]s1 b t x dep5ds on circum/ances2 & :at w\ld be temp]ance 9 "o1 may be intemp]ance 9 ano!r4 ,& ) respect to an individual1 too1 :at he might enjoy ) impunity1 7 he a labor+ man1 or a man ^: bus9ess requires b little m5tal ex]cise1 w\ld1 7 he a /ud5t1 unfit him = ! successful prosecution ( 8 /udies4 ,intemp]ance 9 ! gratification ( ?is in/9ct has a t5d5cy to lead to intemp]ance 9 ! use ( ard5t spirits4 ,! languor1 depression ( spirits1 9 "s in/ances fa9tness & want ( appetite1 induc$ by intemp]ate gratification1 call l\dly = "s /imulus1 & give a reli% to spirits4 ,?us ! individual is l$ to dr9k4 ,?is inflames ! blood1 ! passions1 & leads to fur!r indulg5ce4 ,?is aga9 calls = m spirits2 & ?us two vici\s habits are comm5c$1 :i* mutually increase ea* o!r4 ,/range z x may appe> to ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! animal economy1 an intemp]ate indulg5ce sometimes gives rise to ! same disease--s f> z ! "n makes x s--t is frequ5tly cur$ by a temp]ate indulg5ce2 viz1 nocturnal emissions4 ,e "y m>ri$ woman ought to "k t ! male sy/em is exhau/$ 9 a f> great] degree ?an ! female by gratification4 ,x seems1 inde$1 to h b little effect1 comp>atively1 ^u "s females4 ,b ) respect to ! male1 x has be5 e/imat$ by ,tissot t ! loss ( "o ounce ( sem5 is equal 9 its effects ^u ! sy/em ( =ty ounces ( blood4 ,z x respects ! imm$iate effects1 ?is e/imation1 g5]ally speak+1 may n be too great4 ,b a man liv+ on a full meat diet might1 d\btless1 "p ) fifty ounces ( sem5 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>1 ) f> less detrim5t to ! sy/em ?an ) #b1jjj ounces ( blood4 ,x is a fact1 t mode ( liv+1 indep5d5t ( occupation1 makes a great diff]5ce ) respect to :at ! sy/em w be>4 ,a full meat diet1 turtles1 oy/]s1 eggs1 spirits1 w9e1 etc41 c]ta9ly promote ! secretion ( sem51 & enable ! sy/em to be> its emission4 ,b a cool vegetable & milk diet calms all ! passions1 ! v5]eal especially4 ,mo/ m5 adopt+ su* a diet z ?is w suff] no inconv5i5ce 9 ext5d+ ! int]vals ( _! gratification to ?ree or f\r weeks2 on ! contr>y1 !y w enjoy cle> intellect1 & a f9e fl[ ( spirits4 ,?is is ! diet = m5 ( lit]>y pursuits1 especially ! unm>ri$4 ,z to ! mis*iev\s mann]1 x consi/s 9 ! unnatural habit ( onanism1 or solit>y gratification2 x is an antisocial & demoraliz+ habit1 :i*1 :ile x proves no quietus to ! m9d1 impairs ! bodily p[]s z well z m5tal1 & n infrequ5tly leads to insanity4 ,:ile ! gratification ( ! reproductive in/9ct 9 su* mann] z m5tion$ leads to bad consequ5ces1 a temp]ate & natural gratification1 "u prop] circum/ances1 is att5d$ ) good1 besides ! m]e att5dant pleasure1 :i* alone is en\gh to recomm5d su* gratification4 ,i admit t human be+s might be s con/itut$ t if !y _h no reproductive in/9ct to gratify1 !y might enjoy heal?2 b be+ con/itut$ z !y are1 ?is in/9ct _c be mortifi$ ) impunity4 ,x is a fact univ]sally admitt$1 t unm>ri$ females d n enjoy s mu* good heal? & atta9 to s great an age z ! m>ri$2 not)/&+ t ! latt] are subject to ! diseases & pa9s incid5t to *ild-be>+4 ,a temp]ate gratification promotes ! secretions1 & ! appetite = food2 calms ! re/less passions2 induces pleasant sleep2 awak5s social feel+2 & adds a ze/ to life :i* makes "o consci\s t life is wor? pres]v+4 ,,app5dix ,i "h connect ) ?is "w1 by way ( ,app5dix1 ! foll[+ extract f an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,bo/on ,inve/igator1 a pap] :i*1 mirabile dictu1 is s crazy z to be op5 to ! inve/igation ( all subjects :i* mightily conc]n mank9d4 ,! only seem+ objection ( mu* weight t c be br\ght aga9/ diffus+ a k ( *ecks is1 t x w s]ve to increase illegal connections4 ,n[1 ?is is exactly ! contr>y effect ( t :i* ^? :o h diffus$ su* k mo/ confid5tly believe w arise f x4 ,to dim9i% su* connections is inde$ "o ( ! gr& objects ( ?is publication1--an object :i* laws & prisons _c1 or1 at lea/1 d n1 accompli%4 ,:y is !re s mu* pro/itution 9 ! l&8 ,! true answ] to ! "q is n1 & nev] w be1 ,because ! p h become acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 facts 9 physiology2 x is because !re are s _m unm>ri$ m5 & wom51--m5 ( dissipation & pr(ligacy1 ow+ to _! n hav+ m>ri$ 9 _! y\ng] days & settl$ d[n 9 life4 ,b :y are !re s _m unm>ri$ p 9 ! c\ntry8 ,n because "y he>ts :5 !y arrive at ! age ( maturity d n desire to m>ry2 b because prud5tial consid]ations int]f]e4 ,! "y man ?9ks3 ,i _c m>ry yet2 ,i _c support a family2 ,i mu/ make money fir/1 & ?9k ( a matrimonial settlem5t aft]w>d4 ,& s x is1 t ?r\gh fe> ( hav+ a family1 be=e !y h made a little headway 9 ! _w1 & ( be+ !reby compell$ to tug at ! o> ( incessant labor ?r\gh\t _! lives1 ?\s&s ( "y m5 d n m>ry1 b g abroad into ! _w & =m vici\s acqua9tances & practices4 ,! tru?1 !n1 is ?is1--!re is s mu* illegal connection 9 ! l&1 because ! p _h n1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 t v in=mation :i*1 x w\ld seem1 "s1 d\btless ?r\gh want ( due reflection1 are appreh5sive w increase ?is evil4 ,i might quote pages to ! po9t f ,e ,woman's ,book1 b ,i fe> my communication w\ld be too l5g?y4 ,i cont5t myself ) a few l9es4 ,b :5 x has become ! cu/om "h z else:]e to limit ! numb] ( *ildr51 s t none ne$ h m ?an !y wi%1 no man w fe> to take a wife2 all w m>ry :ile "y2 debau*]y w dim9i%2 :ile good morals & religi\s duties w be promot$4 ,x has be5 ask$ if a g5]al k ( *ecks w\ld n dim9i% ! g5]al increase ( population8 ,i ?9k t su* w\ld n be ! result 9 ?is c\ntry until su* result w\ld be desirable4 ,9 my op9ion ! effect w\ld be a good _m m families 7&1 on ! :ole1 z _m bir?s71 b n s _m ov]gr[n & pov]ty-/rick5 ones4 ,x has be5 said1 ,x is bett] to let ,nature take h] c\rse4 ,n[1 9 ! broade/ s5se ( ! ^w ,nature1 ,i say s too4 ,9 ?is s5se !re is no?+ unnatural 9 ! univ]se4 ,b if we limit ! s5se ( ! ^w ,nature s z n to include :at we mean by art1 !n is civiliz$ life "o cont9u$ w>f>e aga9/ ,nature4 ,x is by art t we subdue ! =e/2 by art we cont5d aga9/ ! elem5ts2 by art we combat ! natural t5d5cy ( disease1 etc4 ,z to ! outrage\s sl&] :i* "h & !re "o has be5 he>d to utt] aga9/ ! fair sex1 9 say+ t fe> ( conception is ! f\ndation ( _! *a/ity1 x mu/ be ! s5tim5t ( a c>nal he>t1 :i* has be5 peculi>ly un=tunate 9 its acqua9tances4 ,to ! pure1 all ?+s are pure4 ,*a/ity1 z well z its opposite1 is 9 a great degree con/itutional2 & ought1 9 a l degree1 to be reg>d$ z a physical prop]ty1 if ,i may s say1 r ?an a moral quality4 ,:]e ! con/itution is favorable a v indiff]5t degree ( moral tra9+ is suffici5t to secure ! virg9 )\t ! influ5ce ( ! above-m5tion$ fe>2 b :]e x is ! rev]se y may coop up ! individual 9 ! n>r[ d>k cage ( ignorance & fe>1 z y w1 b /ill y mu/ wat*4 ,an em95t morali/ has said1 ,t *a/ity :i* w n be> ! light ( physiology is sc>cely wor? pres]v+4 ,b v]ily1 ,i believe !re is v little su* 9 ! m>ket4 ,:at !re be is naturally %ort-liv$1 &1 aft] its demise1 ! unhappily con/itut$ individual /&s 9 great ne$ ( ?is light to save h] f ignom9y4 ,:at might x n h prev5t$ 9 ! ,fall ,riv] affair8 ,& if "o ( two ?+s mu/ happ5--ei!r ! de/ruction ( fecundity or ! de/ruction ( life--:i* ( ! two is ! great] evil8 ,9 ^! cases alone ?is light is calculat$ to d suffici5t good to c\nt]balance all ! evil t w\ld arise f x2 s t we %\ld h its important advantages to ! m>ri$ 9 a political1 a dome/ic & a m$ical po9t ( view1 z s mu* cle> ga94 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is my op9ion2 b s9ce ,i h probably reflect$ m ^u ! subject ?an all ! p]sons conc]n$ 9 my imprisonm5t put toge!r1 until x c be %[n t ,i h n z cle> a head & z pure a he>t z any ( !m1 ,i ?9k x entitl$ to "s weight4