,transcrib]'s notes 3 7#a7 ,typos1      
spell+ mi/akes & punctuation errors h   
be5 correct$4 7#b7 ,italic text is m>k$ 
) und]l9+2 bold text is m>k$ ) equals   
signs4 7#c7 ,footnotes are m>k$ z ,a1 ,b
 & s on1 plac$ at ! end ( ! relevant    
p>agraph4  ,illu/ration3 ,,mr4 ,,bau*]1 
^u ,p>tisan4                     ,,new  
,,me?od                     ,,(         
,,horseman%ip1                 ,,includ+
 ,,!        ,,break+ ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,(    
,,horses1                     ,,)       
,,in/ructions ,,= ,,obta9+ ,a ,,good    
,,seat4                    ,,illu/rat$4 
,by ,f4 ,,bau*]4    ,translat$ f ! ,n9? 
,p>is ,edition4                    ,,new
 ,,york3         ,,alb]t ,,cogswell1    
,,publi%]1           ,,no4 #aci ,,eigh? 
,,/reet4                                
,,translator',s ,,preface4   ,! au?or's 
introduction to 8 ,me?od ( ,horseman%ip 
is omitt$ 9 ?is edition1 because conta9+
 mu* t w\ld be un9t]e/+ to ! ,am]ican   
read]4 ,x m5tions ! great difficulties  
he _h 9 attract+ ! att5tion ( ! public  

to 8 sy/em1 & ! complete success ) :i* x
 0 cr[n$ :5 once ?is att5tion 0         
attract$4 ,"o p>agraph f x1 :i* conta9s 
! pr9ciple ^u :i* 8 :ole me?od is f\nd$1
 is "h giv53  ,h[ev] favor$ by nature ! 
horse may be1 he requires a prep>atory  
ex]cise to enable 8 =ces to af=d ea* o!r
 mutual assi/ance2 )\t ?is ev]y?+       
becomes me*anical & haz>d\s1 z well on 8
 "p z on t ( ! rid]4  ,:at musician c\ld
 draw melodi\s s\nds f an in/rum5t )\t  
hav+ ex]cis$ 8 f+]s 9 h&l+ x8 ,he w\ld  
c]ta9ly1 if he attempt$ su* a ?+1       
produce only false discordant s\nds2 & !
 same ?+ occurs 9 horseman%ip :5 we     
und]take to make a horse execute        
movem5ts = :i* he has n be5 prep>$4  ,m4
 ,bau*] pres5ts ! (ficial docum5ts ^u ! 
subject ( ! introduction ( 8 me?od into 
! ,fr5* army ) ! foll[+ introductory    
rem>ks3  ,s9ce ! fir/ publication ( my  
me?od1 indisputable facts h atte/$ !    
tru? ( ! pr9ciples !re9 conta9$4        
,field-,m>%al ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> has appo9t$
 a commission1 presid$ ov] by           

,lieut5ant-,g5]al ! ,m>quis ,oud9ot1 to 
exam9e into its advantages4,a  ,fifty   
horses1 "s f ! troop1 & o!rs belong+ to 
(fic]s1 :i* _h n yet comm5c$ _!         
education1 or :i* 7 consid]$ difficult  
to manage1 or vici\s1 7 subject$ to !   
exp]im5t1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ba/ ,m>*1   
#ahdb4 ,! dem&s ( ! s]vice ( ! g>rison (
 ,p>is p]mitt+ only a small numb] (     
cuirassi]s1 municipal gu>ds1 &          
fir/-class lanc]s to be put at !        
disposition ( ! commission1 ne>ly all ! 
horses 7 intru/$ to rid]s :o 7 by no    
means intellig5t1 or else ^: education 0
 n v mu* advanc$4 ,! rid]s !mselves     
ex]cis$ _! horses4 ,on ! #i? ( ,april--t
 is to say1 aft] fifte5                 
lessons--,field-,m>%al ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>   
wi%$ to witness ! results ( ! sy/em he  
_h ord]$ to be tri$4 ,8 ,excell5cy 0    
accompani$ by ! memb]s ( ! committee (  
cavalry1 & _m o!r g5]al (fic]s4 ,! m5   
be+ completely arm$ & equipp$1 & !      
horses cap>ison$1 !y execut$1           
individually & 9 troop1 at all ! paces1 

movem5ts t1 up to ?is "t1 _h only be5   
requir$ ( horses t _h be5 ex]cis$ = five
 or six mon?s "u exp]i5c$ rid]s4 ,!     
,m9i/] ( ,w> foll[$ all ! trials ) !    
greate/ int]e/1 & be=e retir+ express$ 8
 complete satisfaction1 & ann\nc$ 8     
int5tion ( hav+ a g5]al application ( x 
made 9 ! army4      ,a ,! commission 0  
compos$ ( ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,oud9ot1    
,col4 ,c>relet1 ,comm&] ( ! ,municipal  
,gu>d1 ! ,*ef         d',escadrons ,de  
,novital1 comm&+ ! ,cavalry             
,rid+-,s*ool1         & !               
,capta9-in/ructors de,gues1 ( ! #e?     
,cuirassi]s1         & ,de ,mesanges1 ( 
! #c;d ,lanc]s4  ,among ! (ficial       
docum5ts 9 favor ( ,bau*]'s me?od is a  
lett] f ,m4 ,*ampmontant1               
,lieut5ant-,colonel ( ! ,/aff1 ,secret>y
 ( ! ,committee ( ,cavalry1 9 :i* he    
reque/s ,m4 ,bau*] to fix a conv5i5t "t 
to appe> be=e ! committee & expla9 8    
sy/em m completely1 t !y may consid] its
 adoption 9 ! army2 ano!r f             
,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,m>quis ,oud9ot to ,m4

 ,bau*]4 ,9 ?is lett] ! ,g5]al in=ms ,m4
 ,bau*] t ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> has decid$ t a 
s]ies ( exp]im5ts %all be made ^u 8     
me?od ( break+ new horses & su* z 7     
consid]$ difficult to manage4  ,!n      
foll[s ! report ^u ! trials ( ,bau*]'s  
me?od1 & a recapitulation ( ! daily     
op]ations by ! ,*ef d',escadrons de     
,novital1 comm&+ ! ,royal ,s*ool at     
,saumur4 ,! complete success ( ! trial  
is m5tion$ above1 & an extract only f ! 
report w be "h giv53  ,b1 x may be      
object$1 w n ?is species ( captivity to 
:i* ! new me?od w subject ! horse1      
prev5t 8 la/+8 ,w x n be ! s\rce ( 8    
premature decay8 ,to ?is x is easy to   
answ] by a comp>ison1 :i* to u appe>s   
conclusive4 ,:5 all ! :eel "w ( a ma*9e 
fits well toge!r1 s t ea* "p furni%es   
its %>e ( action1 !re is h>mony1 &      
consequ5tly ne$ ( a less =ce2 s :51 9 an
 organiz$ body1 we are enabl$ to obta9  
suppl5ess & pliability 9 all ! p>ts1 !  
equilibrium becomes easy1 !re is        
suppl5ess & lightness1 & 9 consequ5ce1 a

 dim9ution ( fatigue4  ,f> f injur+ !   
horse1 ! new me?od has ! advantage ( be+
 a great auxili>y 9 develop+ ! muscles1 
p>ticul>ly 9 a "y subject4  ,extract f !
 report to ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,oud9ot1 by
 ,m4 ,c>relet1 ,colonel ( ! ,municipal  
,gu>d ( ,p>is3  ,to %ort5 ?is n>ration1 
,i w\ld say t ! (fic]s ( ! ,municipal   
,gu>d are unanim\s 9 _! approval ( ,m4  
,bau*]'s proce$+s1 appli$ to ! break+ ( 
"y horses4  ,we h assi/$ at ! education 
( =ty troop horses1 all m or less       
difficult to manage2 & we are conv9c$ t1
 by ,bau*]'s sy/em1 !y h be5 m advanc$ 9
 fifte5 days ?an !y w\ld h be5 9 six    
mon?s1 by ! proce$+s we h be5 accu/om$  
to foll[4  ,i am s conv9c$ ( ! effici5cy
 ( ! means practis$ by ,m4 ,bau*]1 t ,i 
am go+ to subject to !m all ! horses (  
my five squadrons4  ,extract f ! report 
( ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ,m>quis ,oud9ot to 8
 ,excell5cy ! ,m>%al ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>3  ,t
 ! sy/em ( ,m4 ,bau*] may produce 9 !   
army all ! advantages expect$ f x1 x    
w\ld be necess>y to h a c]ta9 numb] (   

in/ructors initiat$ 9 x z completely z  
possible1 t !y may be able to tea* x    
aft]w>ds4  ,9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ,i h !  
honor to propose to y to ord]3  #a/4 ,t 
^u ! return to ,saumur ( ! comm&+ (fic] 
( ! rid+-s*ool1 ! "y horses be brok5    
aft] ,bau*]'s me?od1 & obs]vations made 
^u ! advantages or disadvantages t x    
pres5ts4  #b;d4 ,t 9 ! ,fif? ,cuirassi]s
 & ! ,?ird ,lanc]s1 ! application ( ?is 
me?od be cont9u$4  #c;d4 ,t ! diff]5t   
bodies ( cavalry )9 a circle (          
tw5ty-five leagues ar\nd ,p>is deta*1 = 
ab\t two mon?s1 _! capta9-in/ructor & "o
 (fic]1 :o %\ld come to /udy ! sy/em (  
,m4 ,bau*]4  ,! ,m9i/] ( ,w> imm$iately 
issu$ ^! ?ree ord]s1 & also ?ree        
additional ones3  #d?4 ,m4 ,bau*]1 ,jr41
 w repair to ! camp at ,luneville &     
soj\rn !re dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july &
 ,augu/4 ,! capta9-in/ructors & "o      
lieut5ant f ! troops ( horse /ation$ 9 !
 neighborhood ( ,p>is w be ord]$ to     
,luneville dur+ ^? mon?s to /udy !      
,bau*] sy/em4  #e?4 ,m4 ,bau*]1 ,jr41 w 

receive an indemnity ( five hundr$      
francs a mon?4  #f?4 ,ea* ( ! bodies (  
troops ( horse & e/abli%m5ts ( unbrok5  
horses w receive two copies ( ! "w      
entitl$ ',a ,new ,me?od ( ,horseman%ip1 
by ,m4 ,bau*]4'  ,extract f ! report ( !
 ,*ef d',escadrons ,gr5i]1 appo9t$ to ! 
comm& ( ! (fic]s deta*$ to ,p>is1 by    
m9i/]ial decision ( ! #bj? ( ,may1      
#ahdb1 to /udy ! me?od ( horseman%ip (  
,m4 ,bau*]3  ,! (fic]s deta*$ to ,p>is 7
 ( ! numb] ( tw5ty-two1 !               
capta9-in/ructor & a lieut5ant f ea*    
regim5t4 99 99 99 ,!y ex]cis$ =         
?irty-n9e days4 99 99 99 ,^! (fic]s did 
n all arrive at ,p>is ) ! belief t !y   
c\ld be taught any?+4 ,"o-half 7        
capta9-in/ructors1 ! re/1 lieut5ants1   
int5d$ to become ! same4 ,?us1 9 !      
beg9n+1 !re 0 v little confid5ce1 on !  
"p ( ! (fic]s1 9 _! new pr(essor1       
sometimes ev5 opposition1 b always zeal 
& good w4  ,little by little1 confid5ce 
came1 opposition disappe>$2 b only at ! 
end ( ! fir/ mon?1 aft] ab\t tw5ty-five 

lessons1 did all ! (fic]s1 )\t          
exception1 und]/& ! me?od & recognize ! 
sup]iority ( ,m4 ,bau*]'s pr9ciples ov] 
^? previ\sly kn[n4  ,be=e leav+1 !y all 
approv$ ( ! new me?od1 & desir$ its     
application 9 _! regim5ts4  ,! me?od (  
horseman%ip ( ,m4 ,bau*] is positive &  
rational2 x is easy to und]/&1          
especially :5 /udi$ "u ! direction ( "s 
"o :o kn[s x4 ,x is attractive to !     
rid]1 gives him a ta/e = horses &       
horseman%ip1 t5ds to develop ! horse's  
qualities1 especially t ( lightness1 :i*
 is s delightful to discov] 9 a         
saddle-horse4 99 99 ,appli$ to ! break+ 
( "y horses1 x develops _! in/9ct1 makes
 !m f9d ! dom9ation ( ! rid] easy &     
pleasant2 x pres]ves !m f ! premature   
ru9 t an improp] break+ (t5 br+s ) x2 x 
may %ort5 ! "t devot$ to ! education ( !
 horse2 & x int]e/s ! rid]s employ$ 9 x4
  ,m4 ,desondes1 ,lieut5ant ( ! ,n9?    
,cuirassi]s1 w9ds up a long & highly    
favorable report ^u ! break+ ( "y horses
 = ! army ) ! words1 ,to ,bau*] !       

cavalry is grateful4  ,extracts f ! six?
 & la/ report ^u ! trials ( ! new me?od 
( horseman%ip ( ,m4 ,bau*]3  ,! fir/    
trials are conclud$4 ,! pr9cipal        
movem5ts ( ! platoon-drill on horseback1
 ! runn+ at ! head & *>g+1 h complet$ ! 
ex]cises4 ,?us1 ?irty-five lessons h    
suffic$ to p]fect ! in/ruction ( !      
tractable z well z ! intractable horses 
confid$ to me4 ,! fir/ r\gh "w ) !      
horse--t is to say1 ! ex]cises ) !      
snaffle prescrib$ by ! ord]s--us$ to    
take up z mu* "t z ?is1 & !n we sc>cely 
d>$ to t\* ! curb-re94 ,9 ?is view1 !   
new sy/em is ( great utility = cavalry4 
,b ! promptness ) :i* we c put new      
horses 9 ! ranks is n ! only advantage !
 new me?od pres5ts2 x gu>antees1        
besides1 ! pres]vation ( ! horse2 x     
develops 8 faculties & 8 p[]s2 ^!       
increase by ! h>mony & prop] application
 ( ! =ces among !mselves & by _!        
rational & opportune use4 ,x is n !     
immod]ate employm5t ( =ce :i* conqu]s a 
rebelli\s horse1 b ! well-comb9$ use (  

an ord9>y =ce4 ,! ,bau*] sy/em ought to 
be consid]$ em95tly pres]vative1 s9ce ! 
break+1 be+ well graduat$ & well comb9$1
 _c h an injuri\s influ5ce ^u ! horse's 
physique2 & 8 =ces be+ at ! disposition 
( ! rid]1 x is he1 ! absolute disp5s] ( 
^! =ces1 :o is responsible = _! duration
 or premature de/ruction4 99 99 99 ,i   
repeat x1 t ! new me?od w\ld be a great 
b5efit1 an indisputable improvem5t =    
cavalry4 99 99 99 ,i pray !n = its      
adoption1 & ard5tly desire its prompt   
introduction into ! cavalry4 7,sign$7   
,,de ,,novital4  ,extract f !           
,spectateur ,militaire3  ,passionately  
fond ( a sci5ce t1 f 8 *ildhood1 has be5
 ! object ( /udies z productive z !y 7  
p]sev]+1 ,m4 ,bau*]1 aft] hav+ obta9$ f 
! horse a submission almo/ magical1 has 
n be5 will+ to be ! only "o to pr(it by 
8 m$itations2 he has put !m clev]ly     
toge!r1 & 8 writt5 me?od is n[ 9 ! h&s (
 all ^? :o occupy !mselves )            
horseman%ip4 99 99 99 ,! division (     
dragoons1 & ! in/ructors ( ! diff]5t    

bodies ( troops ( horse t compos$ a "p (
 ! camp ( ,luneville1 int5d$ to execute1
 aft] ! pr9ciples ( ! new me?od1 & 9 !  
pres5ce ( _! royal highnesses1 ! ,dukes 
( ,orleans & ,nem\rs1 eque/rian ex]cises
 t w\ld h _h ?\s&s ( spectators4 ,!     
m\rnful ev5t t depriv$ ,france ( ! pr9ce
 royal did n all[ ( ?is p]=mance hav+ ! 
eclat t 0 int5d$4 ,nev]!less1 ,m4 !     
,duke de ,nem\rs1 wi%+ to judge =       
himself ( ! results1 has _h "p ( ^!     
ex]cises p]=m$ 9 8 pres5ce4  ,! dea? ( !
 ,duke ( ,orleans1 & ! indiff]5ce &     
aft]w>ds opposition ( ! ,duke de        
,nem\rs1 7 ! pr9cipal causes ( ! sy/em (
 ,m4 ,bau*] n be+ adopt$ = ! :ole       
cavalry ( ! ,fr5* army4 ,! =m] 0 an     
ard5t admir] ( ! sy/em1 :ile ! latt] 0  
an equally ard5t admir] ( a rival       
pr(essor ( horseman%ip4  ,extract f a   
lett] ( ,m4 de ,g\y1 ,colonel ( ! ,fir/ 
,huss>s1 to ,m4 ,bau*]3  ,s f> f !      
muscul> p[] be+ less5$ by ! repetition (
 ! flexions1 is x n increas$ by hav+ all
 ! advantage ( ex]cise ov] repose1 ( "w 

ov] indol5ce8 ,does n ! muscul> sy/em1 9
 reason1 develop itself1 physiologically
 speak+1 9 proportion to ^! conditions8 
,w n address & vigor be ! result ( ^!   
gymna/ics8 ,has ! habitual diff]5ce     
betwe5 ! =ces ( ! "r & left arm any o!r 
cause ?an ! diff]5ce 9 ! daily use ( !  
"o to ! prejudice ( ! o!r8  ,bau*] says3
 ,to prove ! complete success ( my      
mission to ,saumur1 ,i w back1 accord+  
to my cu/om1 my ass]tions by positive   
facts4 ,! (fic]s pres5t at my c\rse (   
in/ruction 7 ( ! numb] ( sev5ty-two2 (  
?is numb] sixty-n9e h s5t 9 reports     
favorable to my me?od4 ,!re 7 b ?ree    
diss5t+ voices4  ,?is /atem5t is foll[$ 
by lett]s f ,g5]al ,prevo/1 ,de         
,novital1 etc41 all highly comm5d+ !    
sy/em4  ,bau*]'s me?od has be5 repr9t$ 9
 ,belgium & translat$ into ,dut* &      
,g]man4 ,9 ! latt] language1 sev]al     
diff]5t translations h be5 writt51 "o by
 ,m4 ,ritg51 ,lieut5ant ( ! ,f\r?       
,regim5t ( ,h\lans 7,prussian71 & ! o!r 
by ,m4 de ,willis51 ,lieut5ant-,colonel 

( ! ,sev5? ,cuirassi]s 7,prussian74  ,! 
translator w give "s extracts f !       
preface to ,m4 de ,willis5's            
translation1 z x %[s t "s ( !           
difficulties met ) by ! =m] 7 n altoge!r
 escap$ by 8 ,g]man confr]e4  ,aft] !   
mo/ positive results _h prov$ to me mo/ 
conv9c+ly t1 ( all exi/+ me?ods1 t ( ,m4
 ,bau*] 0 ! be/1 ,i ?\ght t x w\ld be   
useful to translate x4 ,?is translation 
seem$ at fir/ mu* easi] ?an x prov$ 9 ! 
sequel2 above all1 x 0 actually         
impossible = me to r5d] 9 ,g]man1 z ,i  
wi%$1 su* te*nical ,fr5* expressions z  
attaques1 acculem5t1 ass\plissem5t1     
ram5]1 rassembl]1 etc41 reta9+ _!       
cle>ness & concis5ess4 ,9 ,g]man ,i c\ld
 only f9d expressions t 7 incomplete4   
,on ?is acc\nt ,i h put all ! words =   
:i* ,i c\ld n f9d a cle> equival5t 9    
,g]man 9 ! orig9al ,fr5*4  ,horses may  
be brok5 ) mu* success ^u o!r           
pr9ciples--!y h be5 brok5 be=e ,m4      
,bau*]'s "t--b no "w has ?r[n s mu*     
light ^u horse education2 no o!r me?od  

has taught su* simple & sure means1 nor 
pres5t$ a l result ) c]ta9ty4 ,he :o    
w\ld ride ) safety & satisfaction1 ought
 to be completely ma/] ( an ob$i5t &    
correct horse4 ,to obta9 ?is result1 ,m4
 ,bau*] gives ! sure/ means & po9ts out 
! %orte/ road3  ,! exact k ( ! ob/acles 
t ! horse pres5ts to dispose him to obey
 easily2 ! simple mann]1 easy to und]/& 
& easy to execute1 ( mak+ ^! ob/acles   
disappe>1 di/+ui% ?is me?od f all prec$+
 ones1 & r5d] x ( ! greate/ importance  
to all rid]s4  ,! close relations t are 
e/abli%$ betwe5 rid] & horse give ! =m] 
su* a c]ta9ty ( h& & legs1 & ! latt] su*
 suppl5ess & ob$i5ce1 t a l result has  
nev] previ\sly be5 obta9$4  ,until n[1  
no horseman has ev] _h su* cle> & sure  
means = break+ a horse giv5 him1 ev5    
approximatively1 z are conta9$ 9 ?is    
book4 ,! trial w give ! mo/ conv9c+     
pro(s ( ?is :5 we und]take to apply !   
pr9ciples !re9 conta9$2 b t c only be   
consid]$ a trial :5 made by foll[+      
/rictly :at is prescrib$ 9 ! me?od4 ,!re

 is no o!r me?od t c put ! horse s      
c]ta9ly 9 ! h& & 9 ! legs ( ! rid]2 no  
o!r me?od succe$s 9 develop+ s mu*      
address & assurance 9 horse or rid]3 !  
horse feels at 8 ease1 ! rid] is        
absolute ma/] ( him1 & bo? are at _!    
ease4 99 99 99 ,?is new me?od tea*es1   
fur!r1 :at is ( v great importance1 !   
mo/ c]ta9 means ( mak+ ! rid] p]fectly 9
 h>mony ) 8 horse1 s t !y c und]/& &    
mutually tru/ "o ano!r1 9 su* a way t ! 
horse obeys z punctually z ! rid] guides
 him skilfully4 ,9 place ( be+ oblig$ to
 break e horse aft] our own p>ticul>    
fa%ion1 we w only1 ?anks to ?is me?od1 h
 to occupy ourselves ) "o horse1 = x    
tea*es u t ! same means are applicable  
to all horses4 ,x is unnecess>y to      
enum]ate ! advantages ! in/ruction ( !  
rid] ga9s f x1 = he escapes ! m>tyrdom (
 ! lessons be+ giv5 him on awkw>d1      
badly-brok5 horses4 ,rid]s w soon]      
become ma/]s ( ^! manag$ horses1 & w    
acquire 9 six weeks a seat t w come (   
itself1 & _! t\* w be develop$ mu* m    

quickly4  ,f9ally1 m5 le>n v quickly to 
put 9 practice means t are appli$ on    
foot1 & !re is a great advantage 9 x2 x 
is t !y c see bett] ! mom5t t ! neck    
becomes flexible & ! jaw )\t            
contraction2 besides ?is1 _! h& becomes 
mu* m delicate ?an x w\ld h become 9 a  
mu* great] space ( "t1 if ! application 
took place 9 ! saddle4  ,until n[1 only 
m5 ( great tal5t 7 able to break horses2
 n[1 by practis+ ?is new me?od1 :i*     
demon/rates cle>ly ! means ( break+1 e  
rid]1 9 a v %ort "t1 c acquire ! k      
necess>y to r5d] a horse fit = use4 99  
99 99 ,a p]son comm5c+ to le>n ?is      
me?od1 & :o is oblig$ to "w f ! book1   
ought to proce$ sl[ly & cauti\sly 9 !   
application ( pr9ciples t are n famili> 
to him4 ,he ought fir/ to endeavor to   
p]fect 8 seat1 8 position1 8 t\*1 !     
ob$i5ce ( 8 horse1 & 8 paces2 he w ?us  
make great progress 9 ! break+1 & be    
enabl$ to und]take ! application ( ! new
 me?od4                                 
,,de ,,willis51                         

,lieut4-,col4 ( ! ,sev5? ,cuirassi]s4   
,m4 ,bau*] receiv$ f ! ,k+ ( ,prussia a 
magnific5t snuff-box ( elegantly c>v$   
gold1 z a tok5 ( ! satisfaction ( 8     
maje/y ) our au?or's sy/em4  ,if anybody
 has read all ?is1 !y w be pleas$ to he>
 t !re w be no m pro(s ( ! excell5ce ( !
 sy/em br\ght f across ! ,atlantic4 ,9  
consequ5ce ( ! opposition m5tion$ above1
 ,bau*]'s sy/em 0 discont9u$ 9 ! ,fr5*  
army1 9 spite ( ! almo/ unanim\s wi% ( !
 (fic]s4 ,b he has ga9$ a "n z ! fir/   
horseman ( ?is or any o!r age--! fir/ :o
 c\ld n only manage horses himself1 b   
tea* o!rs to d s equally well4 ,?is has 
be5 prov$ "u ! translator's own eyes4   
,a g5tleman ( ,philadelphia pur*as$ a   
horse1 f\r ye>s old1 long1 gangl+1      
ewe-neck$2 su* a brute z no "o b a      
confid5t disciple ( ,bau*] w\ld h _h    
any?+ to d )4 ,_h he hunt$ ! c\ntry = a 
horse ) b "o m]it1 t ( s\ndness1 &      
possess+ t only because no?+ _h ev] be5 
done to injure x1 he c\ld n h be5 bett] 
suit$4 ,m\nt$ ^u ?is animal1 x 0 pa9ful 

to see a good rid] 9 su* a qu&>y2 b a   
quiet1 confid5t smile %[$ :at 0 int5d$  
to come ( x4  ,9 six weeks f t "t1 )\t !
 horse ev] hav+ cross$ ! ?re%old ( !    
/able-y>d1 ! writ] saw him spl5did1 ) 8 
neck ar*$ l ! /e$ 9 ,holy ,writ1 8      
haun*es well "u him1 ob$i5t to ! lighte/
 t\* ( h& or heel1 ready to d any?+ t 0 
dem&$ ( him1 because he _h be5 put 9 a  
position t enabl$ him to d x4  ,s9ce t1 
! same p]son has brok5 two o!r horses ( 
great] natural capabilities1 & ! success
 0 proportionately great]4  ,e "o :o    
takes any int]e/ 9 horses recollects !  
horse ,may-fly1 :5 fir/ introduc$ to an 
,am]ican audi5ce1 by ,s&s1 ( ,wel%'s    
circus4 ,?is horse1 a ?or\ghbr$1 belong+
 to ! rac+ /ud ( ,b>on ,ro?s*ild1 0 s   
vici\s t he _h to be br\ght ^u !        
race-c\rse 9 a van1 s t he c\ld see no?+
 till ! mom5t to />t arriv$4 ,) ev5 ?is 
& simil> precautions1 he 0 consid]$     
dang]\s & unmanageable4 ,! ma/] h& 0    
requir$1 &1 "u its influ5ce1 all su* ?+s
 z vice & be+ unmanageable disappe>$4   

,in/ead ( viol5t =ce on ! "p ( man1 :i* 
w\ld only h produc$ m viol5t =ce on ! "p
 ( ! brute1 ,bau*] s\ght out ! s\rces ( 
^! resi/ances1 & conqu]$ !m 9 detail4   
,is x n wor? a few weeks' pleasant labor
 ) y\r horse to be able to make him move
 ) ! grace1 elegance & maje/y ( ?is "o1 
or ( ^? we h s9ce se5 ridd5 by ,d]i\s1 &
 t ,fr5* ,amazon1 ,c>ol9e ,loyo8 ,x is  
)9 ! p[] ( e "o to d ?is to a c]ta9     
ext5t2 & z ! education ( ! man z a rid] 
advances progressively ) t ( ! horse1   
!re are1 z ,bau*] himself says1 no      
limits to ! progress ( horseman%ip1 & no
 p]=mance1 eque/rianly possible1 t a    
horseman1 :o w prop]ly apply 8          
pr9ciples1 _c make 8 horse execute4     
,,bau*]',s           ,,new ,,me?od ,,(  
,,horseman%ip4                          
---------------------------             
,,*apt] ,i4         ,,new ,,means ,,(   
,,obta9+ ,a ,,good ,,seat   ,x may      
und\bt$ly be ?\ght a/oni%+ t1 9 ! fir/  
editions ( ?is "w1 hav+ = its object !  
horse's education1 ,i %\ld n h comm5c$  

by speak+ ( ! rid]'s seat4 ,9 fact1 ?is1
 s important a "p ( horseman%ip1 has    
always be5 ! basis ( classical works on 
?is subject4 ,nev]!less1 x is n )\t a   
motive t ,i h def]r$ treat+ ( ?is "q    
until n[4 ,_h ,i _h no?+ new to say on  
?is subject1 ,i might v easily h manag$1
 by consult+ old au?ors1 by transpos+ a 
s5t5ce "h & *ang+ a ^w !re1 to h s5t =? 
into ! eque/rian _w ano!r inutility4 ,b 
,i _h o!r ideas2 ,i wi%$ to make a      
?or\gh re=m4 ,my sy/em = giv+ a good    
seat to ! rid]1 be+ also an innovation1 
,i fe>$ le/ s _m new ?+s at "o "t %\ld  
al>m ev5 ! be/ int5tion$ amateurs1 &    
give a hold to my adv]s>ies4 ,!y w\ld n 
h fail$ to say t my means ( manag+ a    
horse 7 impracticable1 or t !y c\ld n be
 appli$ )\t rec\rse to a seat /ill m    
impracticable4 ,b n[ ,i h prov$ !       
contr>y--t1 ^u my plan1 horses h be5    
brok5 by troops )\t reg>d to ! m5's     
seat4 ,to give m =ce to my me?od1 & r5d]
 x m easily compreh5sible1 ,i h dive/$ x
 ( all accessories1 & said no?+ ab\t ^? 

new pr9ciples t conc]n ! rid]'s seat4 ,i
 res]v$ ^! la/ until aft] ! indisputable
 success ( ! (ficial trials4 ,by means (
 ^! pr9ciples1 add$ to ^? ,i h publi%$  
^u ! art ( horse-break+1 ,i bo? %ort5 ! 
man's "w1 & e/abli% a sy/em n only      
precise1 b complete 9 ^! two important  
p>ts ( horseman%ip1 hi!rto s confus$4   
,by foll[+ my new in/ructions relat+ to 
! man's seat on horseback1 we w promptly
 arrive at a c]ta9 result2 !y are z easy
 to und]/& z to demon/rate4 ,two s5t5ces
 are suffici5t to expla9 all to ! rid]1 
& he w get a good seat by ! simple      
advice ( ! in/ructor4  ,! seat ( !      
rid]4--,! rid] w exp& 8 *e/ z mu* z     
possible1 s t ea* "p ( 8 body re/s ^u t 
next bel[ x1 = ! purpose ( increas+ !   
adhesion ( 8 buttocks to ! saddle2 !    
arms w fall easily by ! sides4 ,! ?ighs 
& legs mu/1 by _! own /r5g?1 f9d z _m   
po9ts ( contact z possible ) ! saddle & 
! horse's sides2 ! feet w naturally     
foll[ ! motion ( ! legs4  ,y see by ^!  
few l9es h[ simple ! rid]'s seat is4  ,!

 means :i* ,i po9t out = quickly obta9+ 
a good seat1 remove all ! difficulties  
:i* ! plan pursu$ by our pr$ecessors    
pres5t$4 ,! pupil us$ to und]/& no?+ ( !
 long cate*ism1 recit$ 9 a l\d voice by 
! in/ructor1 f ! fir/ ^w to ! la/1      
consequ5tly he c\ld n execute x4 ,"h "o 
^w replaces all ^? s5t5ces2 b we        
previ\sly g ?r\gh a c\rse ( suppl+s4    
,?is c\rse w make ! rid] exp]t1 &       
consequ5tly intellig5t4 ,"o mon? w n    
elapse )\t ! mo/ /upid & awkw>d recruit 
be+ able to seat himself prop]ly )\t !  
aid ( ! ^w ( comm&4  ,prep>atory lesson 
7! lesson to la/ an h\r1 two lessons a  
day = a mon?74--,! horse is l$ ^u !     
gr\nd1 saddl$ & bridl$4 ,! in/ructor mu/
 take two pupils2 "o w hold ! horse by !
 bridle1 all ! :ile wat*+ :at ! o!r     
does1 t he may be able to p]=m 9 8 turn4
 ,! pupil w approa* ! horse's %\ld] &   
prep>e to m\nt2 = ?is purpose he w lay  
hold ( & sep>ate1 ) ! "r h&1 a h&ful (  
mane1 & pass x into ! left h&1 tak+ hold
 z ne> ! roots z possible1 )\t twi/+ !m2

 he w seize ! pommel ( ! saddle ) ! "r  
h&1 ! f\r f+]s 91 & ! ?umb outside2 !n  
spr++ lightly1 w raise himself ^u 8     
wri/s4 ,z soon z 8 middle is ! height ( 
! horse's )]s1 he w pass ! "r leg ov] ! 
cr\p1 )\t t\*+ x1 & place himself       
lightly 9 ! saddle4 ,?is vault+ be+ v   
useful 9 mak+ ! man active1 he %\ld be  
made to repeat x eight or t5 times1 be=e
 lett+ him f9ally seat himself4 ,!      
repetition ( ?is w soon tea* him :at he 
is able to d1 us+ ! p[]s ( 8 arms &     
lo9s4  ,ex]cise 9 ! saddle4--7,?is is a 
/ation>y ex]cise on horseback2 an old1  
quiet horse to be *os5 9 pref]5ce2 !    
re9s are knott$1 & hang on 8 neck47 ,!  
pupil be+ on horseback1 ! in/ructor w   
exam9e 8 natural position1 9 ord] to    
ex]cise m frequ5tly ^? p>ts :i* h a     
t5d5cy to give way or /iff54 ,! lesson w
 comm5ce ) ! *e/4 ,! in/ructor w make   
use ( ! flexions ( ! lo9s1 :i* exp& !   
*e/1 to /raight5 ! upp] "p ( ! pupil's  
body2 he ^: lo9s are slack w be made to 
hold himself 9 ?is position = "s "t1 )\t

 reg>d to ! /iffness :i* ?is w br+ along
 ) x ! fir/ few times4 ,x is by !       
ex]tion ( =ce t ! pupil w become supple1
 & n by ! ab&on s mu* & s uselessly     
recomm5d$4 ,a movem5t at fir/ obta9$ by 
great ef=t1 w1 aft] a :ile1 n require s 
mu*1 = he w !n h ga9$ skill1 & skill1 9 
?is case1 is b ! result ( ex]tions      
comb9$ & employ$ prop]ly4 ,:at is fir/  
done ) tw5ty p\nds ( =ce1 r$uces itself 
aft]w>ds to f\rte51 to t51 to f\r4      
,skill w be ! ex]tion r$uc$ to f\r      
p\nds4 ,if we comm5c$ by a less1 we w\ld
 n atta9 ?is result4 ,! flexions ( !    
lo9s w be (t5 r5ew$1 all[+ ! pupil (t5  
to let himself d[n into 8 natural relax$
 position1 9 ord] to make him prop]ly   
employ ! =ce t quickly gives a good     
position to ! *e/4 ,! body be+ well     
plac$1 ! in/ructor w pass3 #a/4 ,to !   
lesson ( ! arm1 :i* consi/s 9 mov+ x 9 e
 direction1 fir/ b5t1 & aft]w>ds ext5d$2
 #b;d4 ,to t ( ! head2 ?is mu/ be turn$ 
"r & left )\t its motions react+ on !   
%\ld]s4  ,:5 ! lessons ( ! *e/1 arms1 & 

head give a satisfactory result1 :i*    
ought to be at ! end ( f\r days 7eight  
lessons71 !y w pass to t ( ! legs4  ,!  
pupil w remove "o ( 8 ?ighs z f> z      
possible f ! qu>t]s ( ! saddle2 &       
aft]w>ds replace x ) a rotatory movem5t 
f )\t inw>ds1 9 ord] to make x adh]e to 
! saddle by z _m po9ts ( contact z      
possible4 ,! in/ructor w wat* t ! ?igh  
does n fall back heavily2 x %\ld resume 
its position by a sl[ly progressive     
motion1 & )\t a j]k4 ,he ought1 moreov]1
 dur+ ! fir/ lesson1 to take hold ( !   
pupil's leg & direct x1 9 ord] to make  
him und]/& ! prop] way ( p]=m+ ?is      
displacem5t4 ,he w ?us save him fatigue1
 & obta9 ! result m quickly4  ,?is k9d (
 ex]cise1 v fatigu+ at fir/1 requires   
frequ5t re/s2 x w\ld be wrong to prolong
 ! ex]cise beyond ! p[]s ( ! pupil4 ,!  
motions ( draw+ 9 7adduction1 :i* makes 
! ?igh adh]e to ! saddle71 & putt+ out  
7abduction1 :i* sep>ates x f ! saddle71 
becom+ m easy1 ! ?ighs w h acquir$ a    
suppl5ess :i* w admit ( _! adh]5ce to ! 

saddle 9 a good position4 ,!n comes !   
flexion ( ! legs4  ,flexion ( !         
legs4--,! in/ructor w wat* t ! knees    
always pres]ve _! p]fect adh]5ce to !   
saddle4 ,! legs w be swung backw>d &    
=w>d l ! p5dulum ( a clock2 t is1 !     
pupil w raise !m s z to t\* ! cantle ( !
 saddle ) 8 heels4 ,! repetition ( ^!   
flexions w soon r5d] ! legs supple1     
pliable & indep5d5t ( ! ?ighs4 ,!       
flexions ( ! legs & ?ighs w be cont9u$ =
 f\r days 7eight lessons74 ,to make ea* 
( ^! movem5ts m correct & easi]1 eight  
days 7or sixte5 lessons71 w be devot$ to
 x4 ,! fifte5 days 7?irty lessons71 :i* 
rema9 to complete ! mon?1 w cont9ue to  
be occupi$ by ! ex]cise ( /ation>y      
suppl+s2 b1 9 ord] t ! pupil may le>n to
 comb9e ! /r5g? ( 8 arms1 & t ( 8 lo9s1 
he w be made to hold at arm's l5g?1     
progressively1 weights ( f t5 to =ty    
p\nds4 ,?is ex]cise w be comm5c$ 9 !    
lea/ fatigu+ position1 ! arm be+ b5t1 & 
! h& ne> ! %\ld]1 & ?is flexion w be    
cont9u$ to ! full ext5t ( ! arm4 ,! *e/ 

%\ld n be affect$ by ?is ex]cise1 b be  
kept /eady 9 ! same position4  ,( !     
knees4--,! /r5g? ( pressure ( ! knees w 
be judg$ (1 & ev5 obta9$1 by ! aid ( !  
foll[+ me?od3 ?is1 :i* at fir/ sight w  
p]haps appe> ( slight importance1 w1    
nev]!less1 br+ ab\t great results4 ,!   
in/ructor w take a n>r[ piece ( lea!r   
ab\t tw5ty in*es long2 he w place "o end
 ( ?is /rap betwe5 ! pupil's knee & !   
side ( ! saddle4 ,! pupil w make use ( !
 =ce ( 8 knees to prev5t its slipp+1    
:ile ! in/ructor w draw x t[>ds him     
sl[ly & progressively4 ,?is process w   
s]ve z a dynamomet] to judge ( !        
increase ( p[]4  ,! /ricte/ wat* mu/ be 
kept t ea* =ce :i* acts sep>ately does n
 put o!r =ces 9 action2 t is to say1 t !
 movem5t ( ! arms does n influ5ce !     
%\ld]s2 x %\ld be ! same ) ! ?ighs1 )   
respect to ! body2 ! legs1 ) respect to 
! ?ighs1 etc41 etc4 ,! displacem5t &    
suppl+ ( ea* "p sep>ately1 be+ obta9$1 !
 *e/ & seat w be tempor>ily displac$1 9 
ord] to tea* ! rid] to recov] 8 prop]   

position )\t assi/ance4 ,?is w be done z
 foll[s3 ! in/ructor be+ plac$ on "o    
side1 w pu% ! pupil's hip1 s t 8 seat w 
be mov$ out ( ! seat ( ! saddle4 ,!     
in/ructor w !n all[ him to get back into
 ! saddle1 be+ c>eful to wat* t1 9      
rega9+ 8 seat1 he makes use ( 8 hips &  
knees only1 9 ord] to make him use only 
^? p>ts ne>e/ to 8 seat4 ,9 fact1 ! aid 
( ! %\ld]s w\ld soon affect ! h&1 & ?is 
! horse2 ! assi/ance ( ! legs w\ld h    
/ill worse results4 ,9 a ^w1 9 all !    
displacem5ts1 ! pupil mu/ be taught n to
 h rec\rse 9 ord] to direct ! horse1 to 
! means :i* keep him 9 8 seat1 &1 vice  
v]sa1 n to employ1 9 ord] to keep 8     
seat1 ^? :i* direct ! horse4  ,"h1 b a  
mon? has elaps$1 & ^! eque/rian         
gymna/ics h made a rid] ( a p]son1 :o at
 fir/ may h appe>$ ! mo/ unfit = x4     
,hav+ ma/]$ ! prelim9>y trials1 he w    
impati5tly await ! fir/ movem5ts ( !    
horse1 to give himself up to !m ) ! ease
 ( an exp]i5c$ rid]4  ,fifte5 days      
7?irty lessons7 w be devot$ to ! walk1  

trot & gallop4 ,"h ! pupil %\ld solely  
endeavor to foll[ ! movem5ts ( ! horse2 
!re=e1 ! in/ructor w oblige him to      
occupy himself only ) 8 seat1 & n       
attempt to guide ! horse4 ,he w only    
exact t ! pupil ride1 at fir/1 /raight  
be=e him1 !n 9 e direction1 "o re9 ( !  
snaffle 9 ea* h&4 ,at ! end ( f\r days  
7eight lessons71 he may be made to take 
! curb-re9 9 8 left h&4  ,! "r h&1 :i*  
is n[ free1 mu/ be held alongside ( !   
left1 t he may e>ly get ! habit ( sitt+ 
squ>e 7) 8 %\ld]s on a level72 ! horse w
 trot equally to ! "r & to ! left4 ,:5 !
 seat is firmly settl$ at all ! paces1 !
 in/ructor w expla9 simply1 ! connection
 betwe5 ! wri/ & ! legs1 z well z _!    
sep>ate effects4  ,education ( !        
horse4--,"h ! rid] w comm5ce ! horse's  
education1 by foll[+ ! progression ,i h 
po9t$ out1 & :i* w be f\nd f>!r on4 ,!  
pupil w be made to und]/& all t !re is  
rational 9 x1 & :at an intimate         
connection exi/s betwe5 ! education ( ! 
man & t ( ! horse4  ,recapitulation &   

progression4--                          
,days4 ,lessons4      #a4 ,flexion ( !  
lo9s to exp& !     *e/                  
#d     #h      #b4 ,ext5d+ & replac+ ( !
     ?ighs1 & flexion ( ! legs          
#d     #h      #c4 ,g5]al ex]cise ( all 
! p>ts 9     succession                 
#h    #af      #d4 ,displacem5t ( !     
man's body1     ex]cise ( ! knees & arms
 )     weights 9 ! h&s                  
#ae    #cj      #e4 ,position ( ! rid]1 
! horse be+     at a walk1 trot &       
gallop1 9 ord]     to fa%ion & settle ! 
seat at ^!     diff]5t paces            
#ae    #cj      #f4 ,education ( ! horse
 by ! rid]    #ge   #aej                
----  ----      ,total                  
#aba   #bdb                     ,,*apt] 
,,ii4        ,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,( ,,!     
,,horse4   ,( _! causes & effects4--,!  
horse1 l all organiz$ be+s1 is possess$ 
( a weight & a =ce peculi> to himself4  
,! weight inh]5t to ! mat]ial ( :i* !   
animal is compos$1 r5d]s ! mass in]t1 & 
t5ds to fix x to ! gr\nd4 ,! =ce1 on !  

contr>y1 by ! faculty x gives him ( mov+
 ?is weight1 ( divid+ x1 ( transf]r+ x f
 "o ( 8 p>ts to ano!r1 communicates     
movem5t to 8 :ole be+1 det]m9es 8       
equilibrium1 spe$ & direction4 ,to make 
?is tru? m evid5t1 let u suppose a horse
 9 repose4 ,8 body w be 9 p]fect        
equilibrium1 if ea* ( its memb]s        
supports exactly t "p ( ! weight :i*    
devolves ^u x 9 ?is position4 ,if he    
wi%es to move =w>d at a walk1 he mu/    
fir/ transf] t "p ( ! weight re/+ on !  
leg he moves fir/ to ^? t w rema9 fix$  
to ! gr\nd4 ,x w be ! same ?+ 9 o!r     
paces1 ! transf] act+ f "o diagonal to !
 o!r 9 ! trot1 f ! front to ! re>1 &    
reciprocally 9 ! gallop4 ,we mu/ n !n   
conf\nd ! weight ) ! =ce2 ! latt]       
det]m9es1 ! =m] is subord9ate to x4 ,x  
is by c>ry+ ! weight f "o extremity to !
 o!r t ! =ce puts !m 9 motion1 or makes 
!m /ation>y4 ,! sl[ness or quickness ( !
 transf]s fixes ! diff]5t paces1 :i* are
 correct or false1 ev5 or unev51 accord+
 z ^! transf]s are execut$ ) correctness

 or irregul>ity4  ,x is und]/ood t ?is  
motive p[] is subdivid$ ad inf9itum1    
s9ce x is spread ov] all ! muscles ( !  
animal4 ,:5 ! latt] himself det]m9es !  
use ( !m1 ! =ces are in/9ctive2 ,i call 
!m transmitt$ :5 !y emanate f ! rid]4 ,9
 ! fir/ case1 ! man gov]n$ by 8 horse   
rema9s ! play?+ ( 8 caprices2 9 !       
second1 on ! contr>y1 he makes him a    
docile in/rum5t1 submissive to all !    
impulses ( 8 w4 ,! horse1 !n1 f ! mom5t 
he is m\nt$1 %\ld only act by transmitt$
 =ces4 ,! inv>iable application ( ?is   
pr9ciple con/itutes ! true tal5t ( !    
horseman4  ,b su* a result _c be atta9$ 
in/antane\sly4 ,! "y horse1 9 fre$om1   
hav+ be5 accu/om$ to regulate 8 own     
movem5ts1 w1 at fir/1 submit )          
difficulty to ! /range influ5ce :i*     
comes to take ! entire control ( !m4 ,a 
/ruggle necess>ily ensues betwe5 ! horse
 & 8 rid]1 :o w be ov]come unless he is 
possess$ ( en]gy1 pati5ce1 &1 above all1
 ! k necess>y to ga9 8 po9t4 ,! =ces ( !
 animal be+ ! elem5t ^u :i* ! rid] mu/  

pr9cipally "w1 fir/ to conqu]1 & f9ally 
to direct !m1 x is necess>y he %\ld fix 
8 att5tion ^u ^! be=e any?+ else4 ,he w 
/udy :at !y are1 :5ce !y spr+1 ! p>ts   
:]e !y contract ! mo/ = resi/ance1 !    
physical causes :i* occasion ^!         
contractions4 ,:5 ?is is discov]$1 he w 
proce$ ) 8 pupil by means 9 accordance )
 8 nature1 & 8 progress w !n be rapid4  
,un=tunately1 we se>* 9 va9 9 anci5t or 
mod]n au?ors1 on horseman%ip1 ,i w n say
 = rational pr9ciples1 b ev5 = any data 
9 connection ) ! =ces ( ! horse4 ,all   
speak v prettily ab\t resi/ances1       
oppositions1 lightness & equilibrium2 b 
none ( !m h kn[n h[ to tell u :at causes
 ^! resi/ances1 h[ we c combat !m1      
de/roy !m1 & obta9 ?is lightness &      
equilibrium !y s e>ne/ly recomm5d4 ,x is
 ?is gap t has caus$ ! great d\bts &    
obscurity ab\t ! pr9ciples (            
horseman%ip2 x is ?is t has made ! art  
/ation>y s long a "t2 x is ?is gap t1 ,i
 ?9k1 ,i am able to fill up4  ,& fir/1  
,i lay d[n ! pr9ciple t all ! resi/ances

 ( "y horses spr+1 9 ! fir/ place1 f a  
physical cause1 & t ?is cause only      
becomes a moral "o by ! awkw>dness1     
ignorance & brutality ( ! rid]4 ,9 fact1
 besides ! natural /iffness peculi> to  
all ^! animals1 ea* ( !m has a peculi>  
con=mation1 ! m or less ( p]fection 9   
:i* con/itutes ! degree ( h>mony t exi/s
 betwe5 ! =ces & ! weight4 ,! want ( ?is
 h>mony occasions ! ungracefulness ( _! 
paces1 ! difficulty ( _! movem5ts2 9 a  
^w1 all ! ob/acles to a good education4 
,9 a /ate ( fre$om1 :atev] may be ! bad 
/ructure ( ! horse1 in/9ct is suffici5t 
to enable him to make su* a use ( 8 =ces
 z to ma9ta9 8 equilibrium2 b !re are   
movem5ts x is impossible = him to make  
until a prep>atory ex]cise %all h put   
him 9 ! way ( supply+ ! defects ( 8     
organization by a bett] comb9$ use ( 8  
motive p[]4 ,a horse puts himself 9     
motion only 9 consequ5ce ( a giv5       
position2 if 8 =ces are su* z to oppose 
!mselves to ?is position1 !y mu/ fir/ be
 annull$1 9 ord] to replace !m by ! only

 ones :i* c lead to x4  ,n[1 ,i ask1 if 
be=e ov]com+ ^! fir/ ob/acles1 ! rid]   
adds to !m ! weight ( 8 own body1 & 8   
unreasonable dem&s1 w n ! animal        
exp]i5ce /ill great] difficulty 9       
execut+ c]ta9 movem5ts8 ,! ef=ts we make
 to compel him to submission1 be+       
contr>y to 8 nature1 w !y n f9d 9 x an  
insurm\ntable ob/acle8 ,he w naturally  
resi/1 & ) s mu* ! m advantage1 t ! bad 
di/ribution ( 8 =ces w ( itself be      
suffici5t to p>alyze ^? ( ! rid]4 ,!    
resi/ance !n emanates1 9 ?is case1 f a  
physical cause3 :i* becomes a moral "o f
 ! mom5t :51 ! /ruggle go+ on ) ! same  
processes1 ! horse beg9s ( 8 own accord 
to comb9e means ( resi/+ ! torture      
impos$ on him1 :5 we und]take to =ce    
into op]ation p>ts :i* h n previ\sly be5
 suppli$4  ,:5 ?+s get into ?is /ate1 !y
 c only gr[ worse4 ,! rid]1 soon disgu/$
 ) ! impot5ce ( 8 ef=ts1 w ca/ back ^u !
 horse ! responsibility ( 8 own         
ignorance2 he w br& z a jade an animal  
possess+ ! mo/ brilliant res\rces1 & (  

:om1 ) m disc]nm5t & tact1 he c\ld h    
made a hackney z docile 9 "*1 z graceful
 & agreeable 9 8 paces4 ,i h (t5 rem>k$ 
t horses consid]$ indomitable are ^? :i*
 develop ! mo/ en]gy & vigor1 :5 we "k  
h[ to rem$y ^? physical defects :i*     
prev5t _! mak+ use ( !m4 ,z to ^? :i*1 9
 spite ( _! bad =mation1 are by a simil>
 sy/em made to %[ a semblance ( ob$i5ce1
 we ne$ ?ank no?+ b ! s(tness ( _!      
nature2 if !y c be made to submit to !  
simple/ ex]cises1 x is only on condition
 t we d n dem& any?+ m ( !m1 = !y w\ld  
soon f9d _! en]gy aga9 to resi/ any     
fur!r attempts4 ,! rid] c !n make !m g  
along at diff]5t paces to be sure2 b h[ 
disconnect$1 h[ /iff1 h[ ungraceful 9 _!
 movem5ts1 & h[ ridicul\s su* /e$s make 
_! un=tunate rid]s look1 z !y toss !m   
ab\t at w1 in/ead ( be+ guid$ by !m6    
,?is /ate ( ?+s is all p]fectly natural1
 unless we de/roy ! fir/ cause ( x3 !   
bad di/ribution ( _! =ces1 & ! /iffness 
caus$ by a bad con=mation4  ,b1 x is    
object$1 s9ce1 y all[ t ^! difficulties 

are caus$ by ! =mation ( ! horse1 h[ is 
x possible to rem$y !m8 ,y d n possibly 
pret5d to *ange ! /ructure ( ! animal & 
re=m ! "w ( nature8 ,und\bt$ly n2 b :ile
 ,i confess t x is impossible to give m 
bread? to a n>r[ *e/1 to l5g!n too %ort 
a neck1 to l[] too high a cr\p1 to %ort5
 & fill out long1 weak1 n>r[ lo9s1 ,i d 
n ! less insi/ t if ,i prev5t ! diff]5t 
contractions occasion$ by ^! physical   
defects1 if ,i supply ! muscles1 if ,i  
make myself ma/] ( ! =ces s z to use !m 
at w1 x w be easy = me to prev5t ^!     
resi/ances1 to give m action to ! weak  
p>ts1 & to mod]ate ^? t are too vigor\s1
 & ?us make up = ! defici5cies ( nature4
  ,su* results1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 
7 & /ill are =ev] d5i$ to ! old me?ods4 
,b if ! sci5ce ( ^? :o foll[ ! old beat5
 track f9ds s con/ant an ob/acle 9 !    
great numb] ( horses ( defective        
=mation1 !re are1 un=tunately1 "s horses
 :o1 by ! p]fection ( _! organization1 &
 ! consequ5t facility ( _! education1   
contribute greatly to p]petuate !       

impot5t r\t9es t h be5 s unfavorable to 
! progress ( horseman%ip4 ,a well       
con/itut$ horse is "o1 all ( ^: p>ts be+
 regul>ly h>moniz$1 induce ! p]fect     
equilibrium ( ! :ole4 ,x w\ld be z      
difficult = su* a subject to leave ?is  
natural equilibrium1 & take up an       
improp] position = ! purpose (          
resi/ance1 z x is at fir/ pa9ful = !    
badly =m$ horse to come into t j        
di/ribution ( =ces1 )\t :i* no regul>ity
 ( movem5t c be hop$ =4  ,x is !n only 9
 ! education ( ^! la/ t ! real          
difficulties ( horseman%ip consi/4 ,) ! 
o!rs ! break+ ought to be1 s to say1    
in/antane\s1 s9ce all ! spr+s be+ 9 _!  
places1 !re is no?+ to be done b to put 
!m 9 motion2 ?is result is always obta9$
 by my me?od4 ,yet ! old pr9ciples dem& 
two or ?ree ye>s to rea* ?is po9t1 & :5 
by feel+ y\r way )\t any c]ta9ty (      
success1 ! horseman gift$ ) "s tact &   
exp]i5ce1 ends by accu/om+ ! horse to   
obey ! impressions communicat$ to him1  
he imag9es t he has surm\nt$ great      

difficulties1 & attributes to 8 skill a 
/ate s ne> t ( nature t correct         
pr9ciples w\ld h obta9$ x 9 a few days4 
,!n z ! animal cont9ues to display 9 all
 8 movem5ts ! grace & lightness natural 
to 8 beautiful =mation1 ! rid] does n   
scruple to take all ! m]it to himself1  
?us %[+ himself z presumptu\s 9 ?is case
 z he 0 unju/ :5 he w\ld make ! badly   
=m$ horse responsible = ! failure ( 8   
attempts4  ,if we once admit ^! tru?s3  
,t ! education ( ! horse consi/s 9 !    
complete subjection ( 8 p[]s2  ,t we c  
only make use ( 8 p[]s at w by annull+  
all resi/ances2  ,& t ^! resi/ances h _!
 s\rce 9 ! contractions occasion$ by    
physical defects2  ,! only ?+ w be to   
seek out ! p>ts :]e ^! contractions     
op]ate1 9 ord] to endeavor to oppose &  
de/roy !m4  ,long & consci5ti\s         
obs]vations h %[n me t1 :atev] be !     
fault ( =mation t 9 ! horse prev5ts a j 
di/ribution ( 8 =ces1 x is always 9 !   
neck t ! mo/ imm$iate effect is felt4   
,!re is no improp] movem5t1 no resi/ance

 t is n prec$$ by ! contraction ( ?is "p
 ( ! animal2 & z ! jaw is intimately    
connect$ ) ! neck1 ! /iffness ( ! "o is 
in/antly communicat$ to ! o!r4 ,^! two  
po9ts are ! prop ^u :i* ! horse re/s1 9 
ord] to annul all ! rid]'s ef=ts4 ,we c 
easily conceive ! imm5se ob/acle !y mu/ 
pres5t to ! impulsions ( ! latt]1 s9ce !
 neck & head1 be+ ! two pr9cipal lev]s  
by :i* we direct ! animal1 x is         
impossible to obta9 any?+ f him until we
 are ma/] ( ^! fir/ & indisp5sable means
 ( action4 ,beh9d1 ! p>ts :]e ! =ces    
contract ! mo/ = resi/ance1 are ! lo9s &
 ! cr\p 7! haun*es74  ,! contractions ( 
^! two opposite extremities are1        
mutually ! "o to ! o!r1 causes &        
effects1 t is to say1 ! /iffness ( !    
neck induces t ( ! haun*es1 &           
reciprocally4 ,we c combat ! "o by !    
o!r2 & z soon z we h succe$$ 9 annull+  
!m1 z soon z we h re-e/abli%$ !         
equilibrium & h>mony t !y prev5t$ betwe5
 ! =e & h9d-p>ts1 ! education ( ! horse 
w be half f9i%$4 ,i w n[ po9t out !     

means ( infallibly arriv+ at ?is result4
                     ,,*apt] ,,iii4     
,,! ,,suppl+s4   ,?is "w be+ an         
exposition ( a me?od :i* upsets mo/ ( ! 
old pr9ciples ( horseman%ip1 x is       
und]/ood t ,i only address m5 already   
conv]sant ) ! art1 & :o jo9 to an assur$
 seat a suffici5tly great famili>ity ) !
 horse1 to und]/& all t conc]ns 8       
me*anism4 ,i w n1 !n1 rev]t to !        
elem5t>y processes2 x is = ! in/ructor  
to judge if 8 pupil possesses a prop]   
degree ( solidity ( seat1 & is          
suffici5tly a "p ( ! horse2 = at ! same 
"t t a good seat produces ?is           
id5tification1 x favors ! easy & regul> 
play ( ! rid]'s extremities4  ,my pres5t
 object is to treat pr9cipally ( !      
education ( ! horse2 b ?is education is 
too intimately b\nd up 9 t ( ! rid]1 =  
him to make mu* progress 9 "o )\t ! o!r4
 ,9 expla9+ ! processes :i* %\ld produce
 p]fection 9 ! animal1 ,i w necess>ily  
tea* ! horseman to apply !m himself2 he 
w only h to practise tomorr[ :at ,i tea*

 him today4 ,nev]!less1 !re is "o ?+ t  
no precept c give2 t is1 a f95ess ( t\*1
 a delicacy ( eque/rian feel+ t belongs 
only to c]ta9 privileg$ organizations1 &
 )\t :i*1 we seek 9 va9 to pass c]ta9   
limits4 ,hav+ said ?is1 we w return to  
our subject4  ,we n[ "k :i* are ! p>ts (
 ! horse t contract ! mo/ 9 resi/ances1 
& we feel ! necessity ( suppl+ !m4 ,%all
 we !n seek to attack1 ex]cise & conqu] 
!m all at once8 ,no2 ?is w\ld be to fall
 back into ! old error1 ( ! ineffici5cy 
( :i* we are conv9c$4 ,! animal's       
muscul> p[] is inf9itely sup]ior to     
ours2 8 in/9ctive =ces1 moreov]1 be+    
able to su/a9 !mselves ! "o by ! o!rs1  
we w inevitably be conqu]$ if we set !m 
9 motion all at once4 ,s9ce !           
contractions h _! seat 9 sep>ate p>ts1  
let u pr(it by ?is division to combat !m
 sep>ately1 z a skillful g5]al de/roys1 
9 detail1 =ces :i*1 :5 toge!r1 he w\ld  
be unable to resi/4  ,= ! re/1 :atev] ! 
age1 ! disposition1 & ! /ructure ( my   
pupil1 my c\rse ( proce$+ at ! />t w be 

always ! same4 ,! results w only be m or
 less prompt & easy1 accord+ to ! degree
 ( p]fection 9 8 nature1 & ! influ5ce ( 
! h& to :i* he has be5 previ\sly        
subject$4 ,! suppl+1 :i* w h no o!r     
object 9 ! case ( a well-made horse ?an 
t ( prep>+ 8 =ces to yield to our       
impulsions1 w re-e/abli% calm &         
confid5ce 9 a horse t has be5 badly     
h&l$1 & 9 a defective =mation w make ^? 
contractions disappe>1 :i* are ! causes 
( resi/ances1 & ! only ob/acles to a    
p]fect equilibrium4 ,! difficulties to  
be surm\nt$ w be 9 proportion to ?is    
complication ( ob/acles1 & w quickly    
disappe> ) a little p]sev]ance on our   
"p4 ,9 ! progression we are ab\t to     
pursue 9 ord] to subject ! diff]5t p>ts 
( ! animal to suppl+1 we w naturally    
comm5ce ) ! mo/ important p>ts1 t is to 
say1 ) ! jaw & neck4  ,! head & neck ( !
 horse are at once ! rudd] & compass ( !
 rid]4 ,by !m he directs ! animal2 by   
!m1 also1 he c judge ( ! regul>ity &    
precision ( 8 movem5ts4 ,! equilibrium (

 ! :ole body is p]fect1 its lightness   
complete1 :5 ! head & neck rema9 (      
!mselves easy1 pliable & graceful4 ,on !
 contr>y1 !re c be no elegance1 no ease 
( ! :ole1 :5 ^! two p>ts are /iff4      
,prec$+ ! body ( ! horse 9 all its      
impulsions1 !y ought to give w>n+1 & %[ 
by _! attitude ! positions to be tak51 &
 ! movem5ts to be execut$4 ,! rid] has  
no p[] s long z !y rema9 contract$ &    
rebelli\s2 he disposes ( ! animal at w1 
:5 once !y are flexible & easily h&l$4  
,if ! head & neck d n fir/ comm5ce !    
*anges ( direction1 if 9 circul>        
movem5ts !y are n incl9$ 9 a curv$ l9e1 
if 9 back+ !y d n b5d back ^u !mselves1 
& if _! lightness is n always 9 h>mony )
 ! diff]5t paces at :i* we wi% to g1 !  
horse w be free to execute ^! movem5ts  
or n1 s9ce he w rema9 ma/] ( ! employm5t
 ( 8 own =ces4  ,f ! "t ,i fir/ notic$ !
 p[]ful influ5ce t ! /iffness ( ! neck  
ex]cises on ! :ole me*anism ( ! horse1  
,i att5tively s\ght ! means to rem$y x4 
,! resi/ances to ! h& are always ei!r   

sideways1 upw>d or d[nw>d4 ,i at fir/   
consid]$ ! neck alone z ! s\rce ( ^!    
resi/ances1 & ex]cis$ myself 9 suppl+ ! 
animal by flexions1 repeat$ 9 e         
direction4 ,! result 0 imm5se2 b1       
al?\gh1 at ! end ( a c]ta9 "t1 ! suppl+s
 ( ! neck r5d]$ me p]fectly ma/] ( !    
=ces ( ! =e-p>ts ( ! horse1 ,i /ill felt
 a slight resi/ance :i* ,i c\ld n at    
fir/ acc\nt =4 ,at la/ ,i discov]$ t x  
proce$$ f ! jaw4 ,! flexibility ,i _h   
communicat$ to ! neck ev5 aid$ ?is      
/iffness ( ! muscles ( ! l[] jaw1 by    
p]mitt+ ! horse 9 c]ta9 cases to escape 
! action ( ! bit4 ,i !n be?\ght me ( !  
means ( combat+ ^! resi/ances 9 ?is1 _! 
la/ /ronghold2 &1 f t "t1 x is !re ,i   
always comm5ce my "w ( suppl+4  ,fir/   
ex]cise on foot4--,means ( mak+ ! horse 
come to ! man1 ( mak+ him /eady to m\nt1
 etc41 etc4  ,be=e comm5c+ ! ex]cises ( 
flexions1 x is ess5tial to give ! horse 
a fir/ lesson ( subjection1 & tea* him  
to recognize ! p[] ( man4 ,?is fir/ act 
( submission1 :i* might appe>           

unimportant1 w h ! effect ( quickly     
r5d]+ him calm1 ( giv+ him confid5ce1 & 
( repress+ all ^? movem5ts :i* might    
di/ract 8 att5tion1 & m> ! success ( !  
comm5cem5t ( 8 education4  ,two lessons1
 ( a half h\r ea*1 w suffice to obta9 ! 
prep>atory ob$i5ce ( e horse4 ,!        
pleasure we exp]i5ce 9 ?us play+ ) him w
 naturally lead ! rid] to cont9ue ?is   
ex]cise = a few mom5ts ea* day1 & make x
 bo? in/ructive to ! horse & useful to  
himself4 ,! mode ( proce$+ is z foll[s3 
! rid] w approa* ! horse1 8 :ip "u 8    
arm1 )\t r\ghness or timidity2 he w     
speak to him )\t rais+ ! voice too mu*1 
& w pat him on ! face & neck2 !n ) !    
left h& w lay hold ( ! curb-re9s1 ab\t  
six or sev5 in*es f ! bran*es ( ! bit1  
keep+ 8 wri/ /iff1 s z to pres5t z mu*  
=ce z possible :5 ! horse resi/s4 ,! :ip
 w be held firmly 9 ! "r h&1 ! po9t     
t[>ds ! gr\nd1 !n sl[ly rais$ z high z 8
 *e/1 9 ord] to tap x at int]vals ( a   
second4 ,! fir/ natural movem5t ( !     
horse w be to )draw f ! direction 9 :i* 

! pa9 comes2 x is by back+ t he w       
endeavor to d ?is4 ,! rid] w foll[ ?is  
backw>d movem5t )\t discont9u+ ! firm   
t5sion ( ! re9s1 nor ! little taps ) !  
:ip on ! brea/1 apply+ !m all ! "t ) !  
same degree ( int5sity4 ,! rid] %\ld be 
p]fectly self-possess$1 t !re may be no 
indication ( ang] or weakness 9 8       
motions or looks4 ,becom+ tir$ ( ?is    
con/ra9t1 ! horse w soon seek by ano!r  
movem5t to avoid ! infliction1 & x is by
 com+ =w>d t he w arrive at x2 ! rid] w 
seize ?is second in/9ctive movem5t to   
/op & c>ess ! animal ) 8 h& & voice4 ,! 
repetition ( ?is ex]cise w give ! mo/   
surpris+ results1 ev5 9 ! fir/ lesson4  
,! horse hav+ discov]$ & und]/ood !     
means by :i* he c avoid ! pa91 w n wait 
till ! :ip t\*es him1 he w anticipate x 
by ru%+ =w>d at ! lea/ ge/ure4 ,! rid] w
 take advantage ( ?is to effect1 by a   
d[nw>d =ce ( ! bridle h&1 ! depression (
 ! neck1 & ! gett+ him 9 h&2 he w ?us   
e>ly dispose ! horse = ! ex]cises t are 
to foll[4  ,?is tra9+1 besides be+ a    

great recreation1 w s]ve to make ! horse
 /eady to m\nt1 w greatly abridge 8     
education & accel]ate ! developm5t ( 8  
intellig5ce4 ,%\ld ! horse1 by reason ( 
8 re/less or wild nature1 become v      
unruly1 we %\ld h rec\rse to ! cavesson1
 z a means ( repress+ 8 disord]ly       
movem5ts1 & use x ) little j]ks4 ,i w\ld
 add t x requires great prud5ce &       
disc]nm5t to use x ) tact & mod]ation4  
,flexion ( ! jaw4--,! flexions ( ! jaw1 
z well z ! two flexions ( ! neck :i*    
foll[1 are execut$ /&+ /ill1 ! man on   
foot4 ,! horse w be l$ on ! gr\nd saddl$
 & bridl$1 ! re9s on 8 neck4 ,! man w   
fir/ see t ! bit is prop]ly plac$ 9 !   
horse's m\?1 & t ! curb-*a9 is fa/5$ s t
 he c introduce 8 f+] betwe5 ! l9ks & ! 
horse's *94 ,!n look+ ! animal          
good-natur$ly 9 ! eyes1 he w place      
himself be=e him ne> 8 head1 hold+ 8    
body /raight & firm1 8 feet a little    
ap>t to /eady himself1 & dispose himself
 to /ruggle ) advantage aga9/ all       
resi/ances4,b      ,b ,i h divid$ all ! 

flexions into two p>ts1 &1 9            
ord] to facilitate ! und]/&+ ( ! text1  
,i h add$         to x plates repres5t+ 
! position ( ! horse at !         mom5t 
! flexion is ab\t to comm5ce1 & at !    
mom5t x         is t]m9at$4  #a/4 ,9    
ord] to execute ! flexion to ! "r1 ! man
 w take hold ( ! "r curb-re9 ) ! "r h&1 
at ab\t six in*es f ! bran* ( ! bit1 & !
 left re9 ) ! left h&1 at only ?ree     
in*es f ! left bran*4 ,he w !n draw 8 "r
 h& t[>ds 8 body1 pu%+ out 8 left h& s z
 to turn ! bit 9 ! horse's m\?4 ,! =ce  
employ$ ought to be entirely det]m9$ by 
& proportion$ to ! resi/ance ( ! jaw &  
neck only1 9 ord] n to affect ! aplomb1 
:i* keeps 8 body /ill4 ,if ! horse backs
 to avoid ! flexion1 ! opposition ( !   
h&s %\ld /ill be cont9u$4 ,if ! prec$+  
ex]cise has be5 completely & c>efully   
practis$1 x w be easy by ! aid ( ! :ip  
to prev5t ?is retrograde movem5t1 :i* is
 a great ob/acle to all k9ds ( flexions 
( ! jaw & neck4 7,plate ,i47  #b;d4 ,z  
soon z ! flexion is obta9$1 ! left h& w 

let ! left re9 slip to ! same l5g? z !  
"r1 !n draw+ ! two re9s equally w br+ ! 
head ne> to ! brea/1 9 ord] to hold x   
!re oblique & p]p5dicul>1 until x su/a9s
 itself )\t assi/ance 9 ?is position4 ,!
 horse by *amp+ ! bit w %[ 8 be+ 9 h& z 
well z 8 p]fect submission4 ,! man1 to  
rew>d him1 w cease draw+ on ! re9s      
imm$iately1 & aft] "s seconds w all[ him
 to resume 8 natural position4 7,plate  
,,ii47  ,illu/ration3 ,plates ,i4 &     
,,ii4  ,! flexion ( ! jaw to ! left is  
execut$ ^u ! same pr9ciples & by inv]se 
means to ! flexion to ! "r1 ! man be+   
c>eful to pass alt]nately f "o to ! o!r4
  ,! importance ( ^! flexions ( ! jaw is
 easily und]/ood4 ,! result ( !m is to  
prep>e ! horse to yield in/antly to !   
lighte/ pressure ( ! bit1 & to supple   
directly ! muscles t jo9 ! head to !    
neck4 ,z ! head ought to prec$e &       
det]m9e ! diff]5t attitudes ( ! neck1 x 
is indisp5sable t ! latt] "p be always 9
 subjection to ! o!r1 & respond to its  
impulsions4 ,t w\ld be only p>tially !  

case ) ! flexibility ( ! neck alone1 :i*
 w\ld !n make ! head obey x1 by draw+ x 
along 9 its movem5ts4 ,y see1 !n1 :y at 
fir/ ,i exp]i5c$ resi/ances1 9 spite ( !
 pliability ( ! neck1 ( :i* ,i c\ld n   
imag9e ! cause4 ,! foll[]s ( my me?od to
 :om ,i h n yet _h an opportunity ( mak+
 kn[n ! new means j expla9$1 w le>n )   
pleasure t ?is process n only br+s !    
flexibility ( ! neck to a great] degree 
( p]fection1 b saves mu* "t 9 f9i%+ !   
suppl+4 ,! ex]cise ( ! jaw1 :ile fa%ion+
 ! m\? & head1 br+s along ) x ! flexion 
( ! neck1 & accel]ates ! gett+ ! horse 9
 h&4  ,?is ex]cise is ! fir/ ( our      
attempts to accu/om ! =ces ( ! horse to 
yield to ours4 ,x is necess>y1 !n1 to   
manage x v nicely1 s z n to disc\rage   
him at fir/4 ,to ent] on ! flexion      
r\ghly w\ld be to %ock ! animal's       
intellig5ce1 :o w\ld n h _h "t to       
compreh5d :at 0 requir$ ( him4 ,!       
opposition ( ! h&s w be comm5c$ g5tly b 
firmly1 n to cease until p]fect ob$i5ce 
is obta9$1 except1 inde$1 ! horse backs 

aga9/ a wall1 or into a corn]2 b x w    
dim9i% or increase its effect 9         
proportion to ! resi/ance1 9 a way      
always to gov]n x1 b n ) too great      
viol5ce4 ,! horse t at fir/ w1 p]haps1  
submit ) difficulty1 w end by reg>d+ !  
man's h& z an irresi/ible regulator1 & w
 become s us$ to obey+ x1 t he w soon   
obta91 by a simple pressure ( ! re91 :at
 at fir/ requir$ ! :ole /r5g? ( our     
arms4  ,at ea* r5ewal ( ! lat]al        
flexions "s progress w be made 9 !      
ob$i5ce ( ! horse4 ,z soon z 8 fir/     
resi/ances are a little dim9i%$1 we w   
pass to ! p]p5dicul> flexions or        
depression ( ! neck4  ,depression ( !   
neck by ! direct flexion ( ! jaw4--  #a4
 ,! man w place himself z = ! lat]al    
flexions ( ! jaw2 he w take hold ( !    
re9s ( ! snaffle ) ! left h&1 at six    
in*es f ! r+s1 & ! curb-re9s at ab\t two
 in*es f ! bit4 ,he w oppose ! two h&s  
by effect+ ! depression ) ! left & !    
prop] position ) ! "r4 7,plate ,,iii47  
#b4 ,z soon z ! horse's head %all fall (

 its own accord & by its own weight1 !  
man w in/antly cease all k9d ( =ce1 &   
all[ ! animal to resume 8 natural       
position4 7,plate ,,iv47  ,illu/ration3 
,plates ,,iii4 & ,,iv4  ,?is ex]cise be+
 (t5 repeat$1 w soon br+ ab\t ! suppl+ (
 ! elevat+ muscles ( ! neck1 :i* play a 
prom95t "p 9 ! resi/ances ( ! horse1 & w
 besides facilitate ! direct flexions & 
! gett+ ! head 9 position1 :i* %\ld     
foll[ ! lat]al flexions4 ,! man c       
execute ?is1 z well z ! prec$+ ex]cise1 
by himself2 yet x w\ld be well to put a 
second p]son 9 ! saddle1 9 ord] to      
accu/om ! horse to ! ex]cise ( ! suppl+s
 ) a rid]4 ,?is rid] %\ld j hold !      
snaffle-re9s1 )\t draw+ on !m1 9 8 "r   
h&1 ! nails d[nw>d4  ,! flexions ( ! jaw
 h already communicat$ suppl5ess to !   
upp] "p ( ! neck1 b we h obta9$ x by    
means ( a p[]ful & direct motive p[]1 & 
we mu/ accu/om ! horse to yield to a    
less direct regulat+ =ce4 ,besides1 x is
 important t ! pliability & flexibility1
 especially necess>y 9 ! upp] "p ( !    

neck1 %\ld be transmitt$ ?r\gh\t its    
:ole ext5t1 s z to de/roy its /iffness  
entirely4  ,! =ce f above d[nw>d1       
practis$ ) ! snaffle1 act+ only by !    
head/all on ! top ( ! head1 (t5 takes   
too long to make ! horse l[] 8 head4 ,9 
?is case1 we mu/ cross ! two            
snaffle-re9s by tak+ ! left re9 9 ! "r1 
& ! "r re9 9 ! left h&1 ab\t six or sev5
 in*es f ! horse's m\?1 9 su* a way z to
 cause a pretty /rong pressure ^u ! *94 
,?is =ce1 l all ! o!rs1 mu/ be cont9u$  
until ! horse yields4 ,! flexions be+   
repeat$ ) ?is m p[]ful ag5t1 w put him 9
 a condition to respond to ! means      
previ\sly indicat$4 ,if ! horse respond$
 to ! fir/ flexions repres5t$ by ,plate 
,,iv41 x w\ld be unnecess>y to make use 
( ?is "o4 7,plate ,v47  ,illu/ration3   
,plate ,v4  ,we c act directly on ! jaw 
s z to r5d] x prompt 9 mov+4 ,to d ?is1 
we take ! left curb-re9 ab\t six in*es f
 ! horse's m\? & draw x /raight t[>ds ! 
left %\ld]2 at ! same "t draw ! left re9
 ( ! snaffle =w>d1 9 su* a way t ! wri/s

 ( ! p]son hold+ ! two re9s %all be     
opposite & on a level ) ea* o!r4 ,! two 
oppos$ =ces w soon cause a sep>ation ( !
 jaws & end all resi/ance4 ,! =ce ought 
to be always proportion$ to t ( ! horse1
 :e!r 9 8 resi/ance1 or 9 8 lightness4  
,?us1 by means ( ?is direct =ce a few   
lessons w be suffici5t to give a        
pliability to ! "p 9 "q t c\ld n h be5  
obta9$ by any o!r means4 7,plate ,,vi47 
,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4  ,lat]al     
flexions ( ! neck4--  #a4 ,! man w place
 himself ne> ! horse's %\ld] z = !      
flexions ( ! jaw2 he w take hold ( ! "r 
snaffle-re91 :i* he w draw ^u across !  
neck1 9 ord] to e/abli% an int]m$iate   
po9t betwe5 ! impulsion t comes f him & 
! resi/ance ! horse pres5ts2 he w hold  
up ! left re9 ) ! left h& ab\t a foot f 
! bit4 ,z soon z ! horse endeavors to   
avoid ! con/ant t5sion ( ! "r re9 by    
incl9+ 8 head to ! "r1 he w let ! left  
re9 slip s z to (f] no opposition to !  
flexion ( ! neck4 ,:5ev] ! horse        
endeavors to escape ! con/ra9t ( ! "r   

re9 by br++ 8 cr\p ar\nd1 he w be br\ght
 into place aga9 by slight pulls ( !    
left re94 7,plate ,,vii47  #b4 ,:5 !    
head & neck h entirely yield$ to ! "r1 !
 man w draw equally on bo? re9s to place
 ! head p]p5dicul>ly4 ,suppl5ess &      
lightness w soon foll[ ?is position1 & z
 soon z ! horse ev9ces1 by *amp+ ! bit1 
entire fre$om f /iffness1 ! man w cease 
! t5sion ( ! re9s1 be+ c>eful t ! head  
does n take advantage ( ?is mom5t (     
fre$om to displace itself sudd5ly4 ,9   
?is case1 x w be suffici5t to re/ra9 x  
by a slight support ( ! "r re94 ,aft]   
hav+ kept ! horse 9 ?is position = "s   
seconds1 he w make him resume 8 =m]     
position by draw+ on ! left re94 ,x is  
mo/ important t ! animal 9 all 8        
movem5ts %\ld d no?+ ( 8 own accord4    
7,plate ,,viii47  ,illu/ration3 ,plates 
,,vii4 & ,,viii4  ,! flexion ( ! neck to
 ! left is execut$ aft] ! same          
pr9ciples1 b by inv]se means4 ,! man c  
repeat ) ! curb :at he has previ\sly    
done ) ! snaffle-re9s2 b ! snaffle %\ld 

always be employ$ fir/1 its effect be+  
less p[]ful & m direct4  ,:5 ! horse    
submits )\t resi/ance to ! prec$+       
ex]cises1 x w prove t ! suppl+ ( ! neck 
has already made a great /ep4 ,! rid] c1
 h5ce=w>d1 cont9ue 8 "w by op]at+ ) a   
less direct motive p[]1 & )\t ! animal's
 be+ impress$ by ! sight ( him4 ,he w   
place himself 9 ! saddle1 & comm5ce by  
repeat+ ) ! full l5g? ( ! re9s1 ! lat]al
 flexions1 9 :i* he has already ex]cis$ 
8 horse4  ,lat]al flexions ( ! neck1 !  
man on horseback4--  #a4 ,to execute !  
flexion to ! "r1 ! rid] w take "o       
snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 ! left sc>cely    
feel+ ! bit2 ! "r1 on ! contr>y1 giv+ a 
mod]ate impression at fir/1 b :i* w     
increase 9 proportion to ! resi/ance ( !
 horse1 & 9 a way always to gov]n him4  
,! animal1 soon tir$ ( a /ruggle :i*1   
be+ prolong$1 only makes ! pa9 proce$+ f
 ! bit m acute1 w und]/& t ! only way to
 avoid x is to incl9e ! head 9 !        
direction ! pressure is felt4 7,plate   
,,ix47  #b4 ,z soon z ! horse's head is 

br\ght r\nd to ! "r1 ! left re9 w =m    
opposition1 to prev5t ! nose f pass+    
beyond ! p]p5dicul>4 ,great /ress %\ld  
be laid on ! head's rema9+ always 9 ?is 
position1 )\t :i* ! flexion w\ld be     
imp]fect & ! suppl5ess incomplete4 ,!   
movem5t be+ regul>ly accompli%$1 ! horse
 w be made to resume 8 natural position 
by a slight t5sion ( ! left re94 7,plate
 ,x47  ,illu/ration3 ,plates ,,ix4 & ,x4
  ,! flexion to ! left is execut$ 9 !   
same way1 ! rid] employ+ alt]nately !   
snaffle & curb-re9s4  ,i h already      
m5tion$ t x is ( great importance to    
supple ! upp] "p ( ! neck4 ,aft] m\nt+1 
& hav+ obta9$ ! lat]al flexions )\t     
resi/ance1 ! rid] w (t5 cont5t himself )
 execut+ !m half-way1 ! head & upp] "p (
 ! neck pivot+ ^u ! l[] "p1 :i* w s]ve z
 a base or axis4 ,?is ex]cise mu/ be    
frequ5tly repeat$1 ev5 aft] ! horse's   
education is complet$1 9 ord] to keep up
 ! pliability1 & facilitate ! gett+ him 
9 h&4  ,x n[ rema9s = u1 9 ord] to      
complete ! suppl+ ( ! head & neck1 to   

combat ! contractions :i* occasion !    
direct resi/ances1 & prev5t y\r gett+ ! 
horse's head 9 a p]p5dicul> position4   
,direct flexions ( ! head & neck1 or    
ram5]4,c--      ,c ,ram5] means to place
 ! horse's head 9 a          p]p5dicul> 
position4--,,translator4  #a4 ,! rid] w 
fir/ use ! snaffle-re9s1 :i* he w hold  
toge!r 9 ! left h& z he w\ld !          
curb-re9s4 ,he w re/ ! out] edge ( ! "r 
h& 7see ,plate ,,xi47 on ! re9s 9 front 
( ! left h& 9 ord] to increase ! p[] ( !
 "r h&2 aft] :i* he w gradually be> on !
 snaffle-bit4 ,z soon z ! horse yields1 
x w\ld suffice to raise ! "r h& to      
dim9i% ! t5sion ( ! re9s & rew>d !      
animal4 ,z ! h& mu/ only pres5t a =ce   
proportion$ to ! resi/ance ( ! neck1 x w
 only be necess>y to hold ! legs r close
 to prev5t back+4 ,:5 ! horse obeys !   
action ( ! snaffle1 he w yield mu* m    
quickly to t ( ! curb1 ! effect ( :i* is
 s mu* m p[]ful4 ,! curb1 ( c\rse1 ne$s 
m c>e 9 ! use ( x ?an ! snaffle4 7,plate
 ,,xi47  #b4 ,! horse w h completely    

yield$ to ! action ( ! h&1 :5 8 head is 
c>ri$ 9 a position p]fectly p]p5dicul>  
to ! gr\nd2 f t "t ! contraction w      
cease1 :i* ! animal w %[1 z 9 e o!r     
case1 by *amp+ 8 bit4 ,! rid] mu/ be    
c>eful n to be deceiv$ by ! fe9ts ( !   
horse--fe9ts :i* consi/ 9 yield+ "o-f\r?
 or "o-?ird ( ! way1 & !n hesitat+4 ,if1
 = example1 ! nose ( ! horse hav+ to    
pass ov] a curve ( t5 degrees to atta9 !
 p]p5dicul> position 7,plate ,,xi471    
%\ld /op at ! f\r? or six? & aga9 resi/1
 ! h& %\ld foll[ ! movem5t & !n rema9   
firm & immovable1 = a concession on its 
"p w\ld enc\rage resi/ance & increase ! 
difficulties4 ,:5 ! nose %all desc5d to 
,no4 #aj1 ! p]p5dicul> position w be    
complete & ! lightness p]fect4 ,! rid] c
 !n cease ! t5sion ( ! re9s1 b s z to   
keep ! head 9 ?is position1 if x %\ld   
(f] to leave x4 ,if he lets x return at 
all to its natural situation1 x %\ld be 
to draw x 9 ov] aga91 & to make ! animal
 und]/& t ! p]p5dicul> position ( ! head
 is ! only "o all[$ :5 "u ! rid]'s h&4  

,he %\ld1 at ! outset1 accu/om ! horse  
to cease back+ at ! pressure ( ! legs1 z
 all backw>d movem5ts w\ld enable him to
 avoid ! effects ( ! h& or create new   
means ( resi/ance4 7,plate ,,xii47      
,illu/ration3 ,plates ,,xi4 & ,,xii4    
,?is is ! mo/ important flexion ( all2 !
 o!rs t5d$ pr9cipally to pave ! way = x4
 ,z soon z x is execut$ ) ease &        
promptness1 z soon z a slight t\* is    
suffici5t to place & keep ! head 9 a    
p]p5dicul> position1 x w prove t !      
suppl+ is complete1 contraction de/roy$1
 lightness & equilibrium e/abli%$ 9 !   
=e-h&4 ,! direction ( ?is "p ( ! animal 
w1 h5ce=w>d1 be z easy z x is natural1  
s9ce we h put x 9 a condition to receive
 all our impressions1 & in/antly to     
yield to !m )\t ef=t4  ,z to ! functions
 ( ! legs1 !y mu/ support ! h9d-p>ts ( !
 horse1 9 ord] to obta9 ! ram5]1 9 su* a
 way t he may n be able to avoid !      
effect ( ! h& by a retrograde movem5t ( 
8 body4 ,?is complete gett+ 9 h& is     
necess>y to drive ! h9d-legs "u ! c5tre4

 ,9 ! fir/ case1 we act ^u ! =e-h&2 9 ! 
second1 ^u ! h9d-p>ts2 ! fir/ s]ves = ! 
ram5]1 ! second = ! rassembl]1 or ga!r+ 
! horse4,d      ,d ,! full mean+ ( ! ^w 
rassembl] w be         und]/ood aft]    
read+ ! *apt]1 fur!r on 9 ?is "w1       
"u t head4 ,) reg>d to ! o!r ^w1 ram5]1 
to avoid ! con/ant circumlocution (     
say+1 plac+ !         horse's head 9 a  
p]p5dicul> position1 x w be us$ 9       
future :]ev] x occurs4--,,translator4   
,comb9ation ( effects4--,i publi%$ f\r  
editions ( my ,me?od1 )\t devot+ a      
special article to ! comb9ation (       
effects4 ,al?\gh ,i myself made a v     
frequ5t use ( x1 ,i _h n atta*$         
suffici5t importance to ! great         
necessity ( ?is pr9ciple 9 ! case (     
tea*+2 lat] exp]im5ts h taught me to    
consid] x ( m consequ5ce4  ,! comb9ation
 ( effects means ! cont9u$ & exactly    
oppos$ =ce ( ! h& & legs4 ,its object   
%\ld be to br+ back aga9 into a position
 ( equilibrium all ! p>ts ( ! horse :i* 
leave x1 9 ord] to prev5t him f go+     

ahead1 )\t back+ him1 & vice v]sa3      
f9ally1 x s]ves to /op any movem5t f !  
"r to ! left1 or ! left to ! "r4 ,by ?is
 means1 also1 we di/ribute ! weight ( ! 
mass equally on ! f\r legs1 & produce   
tempor>y immobility4 ,?is comb9ation (  
effects ought to prec$e & foll[ ea*     
ex]cise )9 ! graduat$ limit assign$ to  
x4 ,x is ess5tial :5 we employ ! aids   
7i4e4 ! h& & legs71 9 ?is1 t ! action ( 
! legs %\ld prec$e ! o!r1 9 ord] to     
prev5t ! horse f back+ aga9/ any place1 
= he might f9d1 9 ?is movem5t1 po9ts (  
support t w\ld enable him to increase 8 
resi/ance4 ,?us1 all motion ( !         
extremities1 proce$+ f ! horse himself1 
%\ld be /opp$ by a comb9ation ( effects2
 f9ally1 :5ev] 8 =ces get scatt]$1 & act
 inh>moni\sly1 ! rid] w f9d 9 ?is a     
p[]ful & infallible corrective4  ,x is  
by dispos+ all ! p>ts ( ! horse 9 ! mo/ 
exact ord]1 t we w easily transmit to   
him ! impulsion t %\ld cause ! regul>   
movem5ts ( 8 extremities2 x is !n also t
 we w address 8 compreh5sion1 & t he w  

appreciate :at we dem& ( him2 !n w foll[
 c>esses ( ! h& & voice z a moral       
effect2 !y %\ld n be us$1 ?\gh1 until   
aft] he has done :at is dem&$ ( him by !
 rid]'s h& & legs4  ,! horse's re/+ 8 *9
 on 8 brea/4--,al?\gh few horses are    
dispos$ by nature to d ?is1 x is n !    
less necess>y1 :5 x does occur1 to      
practise on !m all ! flexions1 ev5 ! "o 
:i* b5ds d[n ! neck4 ,9 ?is position1 ! 
horse's *9 comes back ne> ! brea/ & re/s
 9 contact ) ! l[] "p ( ! neck2 too high
 a cr\p1 jo9$ to a p]man5t contraction (
 ! muscles t l[] ! neck1 is g5]ally !   
cause ( x4 ,^! muscles mu/ !n be suppl$ 
9 ord] to de/roy _! int5sity1 & !reby   
give to ! muscles t raise ! neck1 _!    
antagoni/s1 ! pr$om9ance :i* w make !   
neck re/ 9 a graceful & useful position4
 ,?is fir/ accompli%$1 ! horse w be     
accu/om$ to g =w>d freely at ! pressure 
( ! legs1 & to respond1 )\t abruptness  
or excitem5t1 to ! t\* ( ! spurs        
7attaques72 ! object ( ^! la/ is to br+ 
! h9d legs ne> ! c5tre1 & to l[] ! cr\p4

 ,! rid] w !n endeavor to raise !       
horse's head by ! aid ( ! curb-re9s2 9  
?is case1 ! h& w be held "s di/ance     
above ! saddle1 & f> f ! body,e2 ! =ce x
 transmits to ! horse ought to be       
cont9u$ until he yields by elevat+ 8    
head4 ,z ^! sorts ( horses h g5]ally    
little action1 we mu/ take c>e to avoid 
lett+ ! h& produce an effect f ! front  
to ! re>1 9 :i* case x w\ld take away f 
! impulse necess>y = movem5t4 ,! pace   
comm5c+ ) ! walk1 mu/ be kept up at !   
same rate1 :ile ! h& is produc+ an      
elevat+ effect ^u ! neck4 ,?is precept  
is applicable to all ! *anges ( position
 t ! h& makes 9 ! head & neck2 b is     
p>ticul>ly ess5tial 9 ! case ( a horse  
dispos$ to depress 8 neck4      ,e ,?is 
position ( ! h& at a di/ance f ! saddle 
&         ! body w be criticis$2 b let !
 rid] be reassur$1         eight or t5  
lessons w suffice to make ! horse *ange 
!         position ( 8 head1 & all[ ! h&
 to resume its normal         position4 
,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! horse has two   

ways ( respond+ to ! pressure ( ! bit2  
by "o1 he yields b )draws himself at !  
same "t by %r9k+ & com+ back to 8 =m]   
position2 ?is k9d ( yield+ is only      
injuri\s to 8 education1 = if ! h& is   
held too =cibly1 if he does n wait till 
! horse *anges ( 8 own accord ! position
 ( 8 head1 ! backw>d movem5t ( 8 body   
w\ld prec$e & be accompani$ by a %ift+ (
 ! weight backw>ds4 ,9 ?is case1 !      
contraction ( 8 neck rema9s all ! :ile !
 same4 ,! second k9d ( yield+1 :i*      
contributes s greatly to ! rapid & c]ta9
 education ( ! horse1 consi/s 9 giv+ a  
half or ?ree-qu>t] t5sion to ! re9s1 !n 
to su/a9 ! h& z =cibly z possible )\t   
br++ x ne> ! body4 ,9 a %ort "t ! =ce ( 
! h&1 second$ by ! cont9u$ pressure ( ! 
legs1 w make ! horse avoid ?is slight b 
con/ant pressure ( ! bit1 b by means ( 8
 head & neck only4 ,!n ! rid] w only    
make use ( ! =ce necess>y to displace ! 
head4 ,x is by ?is means t he w be able 
to place ! horse's body on a level1 & w 
obta9 t equilibrium1,f ! p]fect balance 

( :i* has n hi!rto be5 appreciat$4      
,f ,! ^w equilibrium1 s (t5 repeat$ 9 ! 
c\rse ( ?is         "w1 mu/ be          
categorically expla9$4 ,p h nev] rightly
         und]/ood :at x means1 ?is true 
equilibrium ( a horse1         :i* s]ves
 z ! basis ( 8 education1 & by :i* he   
takes in/antly1 at ! rid]'s w1 su* a    
pace1 or su* a         *ange or         
direction4          ,x is n "h a "q ( ! 
equilibrium :i* prev5ts !         horse 
f fall+ d[n1 b ( t ^u :i* dep5ds 8      
p]=mance1 :5 x is prompt1 graceful &    
regul>1 & by         means ( :i* 8 paces
 are ei!r measur$ or ext5d$ at          
w4                                      
,equilibrium ( ,bau*]4                  
,cr\p-----------------------------------
-------------,head4          ,"h !      
weight & ! =ces are equally di/ribut$4  
,by means         ( ?is j di/ribution ! 
diff]5t positions1 ! diff]5t            
paces1 & ! equilibriums t belong to !m1 
are obta9$         )\t ef=t on ! "p (   
man or horse4  ,resum+ :at we h j       

expla9$ 9 ! case ( a horse :o re/s 8 *9 
on 8 brea/1 we repeat t x is by produc+ 
"o =ce f ! re> to ! front ) ! legs1 &   
ano!r f bel[ upw>ds ) ! h&1 t we w soon 
be enabl$ to improve ! position &       
movem5ts ( ! horse4 ,s t :atev] may be 8
 disposition at fir/1 x is by fir/ caus+
 ! depression ( ! neck t we w quickly   
ga9 a ma/]ly & p]fect elevation ( x4  ,i
 w close ?is *apt] by "s reflections on 
! suppos$ diff]5ce ( s5sibility 9       
horses' m\?s1 & ! k9d ( bit :i* ought to
 be us$4  ,( ! horse's m\? & ! bit4--,i 
h already treat$ ?is subject at l5g? 9  
my ,compreh5sive ,diction>y (           
,equitation2 b z 9 ?is "w ,i make a     
complete exposition ( my me?od1 ,i ?9k x
 necess>y to repeat x 9 a few words4  ,i
 _c imag9e h[ p h be5 able s long to    
attribute to ! m]e diff]5ce ( =mation ( 
! b>s1,g ^? contr>y dispositions (      
horses :i* r5d] !m s light or s h>d to !
 h&4 ,h[ c we believe t1 accord+ z a    
horse has "o or two l9es ( fle%1 m or   
less1 betwe5 ! bit & ! bone ( ! l[] jaw1

 he %\ld yield to ! lighte/ impulse ( ! 
h&1 or become unmanageable 9 spite ( all
 ! ef=ts ( two vigor\s arms8 ,nev]!less1
 x is f rema9+ 9 ?is inconceiveable     
error1 t p h =g$ bits ( s /range & v>i\s
 =ms1 real in/rum5ts ( torture1 ! effect
 ( :i* is to increase ! difficulties !y 
s\ght to remove4      ,g ,! b>s are !   
cont9uations ( ! two bones ( !          
l[] jaw betwe5 ! ma/icat+ & ! front     
tee?4 ,x is on         ^! t ! bit re/s4 
,_h !y gone back a little fur!r to !    
s\rce ( ! resi/ances1 !y w\ld h discov]$
 t ?is "o1 l all ! re/1 does n proce$ f 
! diff]5ce ( =mation ( a feeble organ1 l
 ! b>s1 b f a contraction communicat$ to
 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 &1 above all1 
to ! neck1 by "s s]i\s fault (          
con/itution4 ,x is1 !n1 9 va9 t we atta*
 to ! re9s1 & place 9 ! horse's m\? a m 
or less murd]\s in/rum5t2 he w rema9    
ins5sible to our ef=ts z long z we d n  
communicate suppl5ess to him1 :i* alone 
c enable him to yield4  ,9 ! fir/ place1
 !n1 ,i lay d[n z a fact1 t !re is no   

diff]5ce ( s5sibility 9 ! m\?s ( horses2
 t all pres5t ! same lightness :5 9 !   
position call$ ram5]1 & ! same          
resi/ances 9 proportion z !y rec$e f ?is
 position4 ,!re are horses h>d to ! h&2 
b ?is h>dness proce$s f ! l5g? or       
weakness ( _! lo9s1 f a n>r[ cr\p1 f    
%ort haun*es1 ?9 ?ighs1 /raight hocks1  
or 7a mo/ important po9t7 f a cr\p too  
high or too l[ 9 proportion to ! )]s2   
su* are ! true causes ( resi/ances2 !   
contractions ( ! neck1 ! clos+ ( ! jaws 
are only ! effects2 z to ! b>s1 !y are  
only !re to %[ ! ignorance ( self-/yl$  
eque/rian !oricians4 ,by suppl+ ! neck &
 ! jaw1 ?is h>dness completely          
disappe>s4 ,exp]im5ts a hundr$ times    
repeat$ give me ! "r to advance ?is     
pr9ciple boldly2 p]haps x may1 at fir/1 
appe> too arbitr>y1 b x is none ! less  
true4  ,consequ5tly1 ,i only all[ "o k9d
 ( bit1 & ?is is ! =m & ! dim5sions ,i  
give x1 to make x z simple z x is easy4 
,! bran*es /raight & six in*es long1    
measur+ f ! eye ( ! bit to ! extremity (

 ! bran*2 circumf]5ce ( ! canon1,h two  
in*es & a half2 port1 ab\t two in*es    
wide at ! bottom1 & "o in* at ! top4 ,! 
only v>iation to be 9 ! wid? ( ! bit1   
accord+ to ! horse's m\?4      ,h ,!    
m\?-piece ( ! bit consi/s ( ?ree p>ts3 !
 port1 to         give fre$om to !      
tongue1 & ! two canons1 :i* are !       
p>ts t come 9 contact ) !               
b>s4--,,translator4  ,i insi/ t su* a   
bit is suffici5t to r5d] passively      
ob$i5t all horses t h be5 prep>$ by     
suppl+s2 & ,i ne$ n add t1 z ,i d5y !   
utility ( sev]e bits1 ,i reject all     
means n com+ directly f ! rid]1 su* z   
m>t+ales1 pili]s1 etc4                  
,,*apt] ,,iv4          ,,cont9uation ,,(
 ,,suppl+s4   ,! h9d-p>ts4--,9 ord] to  
guide ! horse1 ! rid] acts directly on  
two ( 8 p>ts3 ! =e-p>ts & ! h9d-p>ts4   
,to effect ?is1 he employs two motive   
p[]s3 ! legs1 :i* give ! impulse by !   
cr\p2 & ! h&1 :i* directs & modifies ?is
 impulse by ! head & neck4 ,a p]fect    
h>mony ( =ces ought !n to exi/ always   

betwe5 ^! two motive p[]s2 b ! same     
h>mony is equally necess>y betwe5 ! p>ts
 ( ! animal !y are int5d$ p>ticul>ly to 
impress4 ,9 va9 w\ld be our labor to    
r5d] ! head & neck flexible1 light1     
ob$i5t to ! t\* ( ! h&2 incomplete w\ld 
be ! results1 ! equilibrium ( ! :ole    
imp]fect1 z long z ! cr\p rema9$ dull1  
contract$ & rebelli\s to ! direct gov]n+
 ag5t4  ,i h j expla9$ ! simple & easy  
means ( giv+ to ! =e-p>ts ! qualities   
indisp5sable to a good managem5t !re(3 x
 rema9s to tell h[ we w fa%ion1 9 ! same
 way1 ! h9d-p>ts1 9 ord] to complete !  
suppl+ ( ! horse1 & br+ ab\t a uni=m    
h>mony 9 ! developm5t ( all 8 mov+ p>ts4
 ,! resi/ances ( ! neck & cr\p mutually 
aid+ "o ano!r1 our labor w be m easy1 z 
we h already de/roy$ ! =m]4  ,! flexions
 ( ! cr\p1 & mak+ x movable4--  #a4 ,!  
rid] w hold ! curb-re9s 9 ! left h&1 &  
^? ( ! snaffle1 cross$1 9 ! "r1 ! nails 
( ! "r h& held d[nw>d2 he w fir/ br+ !  
horse's head into a p]p5dicul> position1
 by draw+ lightly on ! bit2 aft] t1 if  

he wi%es to execute ! movem5t to ! "r1  
he w c>ry ! left leg back beh9d ! gir?s 
& fix x ne> ! flanks ( ! animal1 until !
 cr\p yields to ?is pressure4 ,! rid] w 
at ! same "t make ! left snaffle-re9    
felt1 proportion+ ! effect ( ! re9 to ! 
resi/ance :i* is oppos$ to x4 ,( ^! two 
=ces transmitt$ ?us by ! left leg & !   
re9 ( ! same side1 ! fir/ is int5d$ to  
combat ! resi/ance1 & ! second1 to      
det]m9e ! movem5t4 ,! rid] %\ld cont5t  
himself 9 ! beg9n+ ) mak+ ! cr\p execute
 "o or two /eps only sideways4 7,plate  
,,xiii47  #b4 ,! cr\p hav+ acquir$ m    
facility 9 mov+1 we c cont9ue ! movem5t 
s z to complete to ! "r & ! left rev]s$ 
pir\ettes4,i ,z soon z ! haun*es yield  
to ! pressure ( ! leg1 ! rid]1 to cause 
! p]fect equilibrium ( ! horse1 w       
imm$iately draw ^u ! re9 opposite to ?is
 leg4 ,! motion ( ?is1 slight at fir/1 w
 be progressively increas$ until ! head 
is incl9$ to ! side t[>ds :i* ! cr\p is 
mov+1 z if to look at x com+4 7,plate   
,,xiv47      ,i ,see note1 page #fc4    

,illu/ration3 ,plates ,,xiii4 & ,,xiv4  
,to make ?is movem5t und]/ood1 ,i w add 
"s explanations1 ! m important z !y are 
applicable to all ! ex]cises (          
horseman%ip4  ,! horse1 9 all 8         
movem5ts1 _c pres]ve a p]fect & con/ant 
equilibrium1 )\t a comb9ation ( opposite
 =ces1 skillfully manag$ by ! rid]4 ,9 !
 rev]s$ pir\ette1 = example1 if :5 !    
horse has yield$ to ! pressure ( ! leg1 
we cont9ue to oppose ! re9 on ! same    
side z ?is leg1 x is evid5t t we w %oot 
beyond ! m>k1 s9ce we w be employ+ a =ce
 :i* has become useless4 ,we mu/ !n     
e/abli% two motive p[]s1 ! effect ( :i* 
balances1 )\t int]f]+2 ?is1 ! t5sion ( !
 re9 on ! opposite side f ! leg w       
produce 9 ! pir\ette4 ,s1 we w comm5ce )
 ! re9 & ! leg ( ! same side1 until x is
 "t to pass to ! second "p ( ! "w1 !n ) 
! curb-re9 9 ! left h&1 & f9ally1 ) !   
snaffle-re9 opposite to ! leg4 ,! =ces w
 !n be kept 9 a diagonal position1 & 9  
consequ5ce1 ! equilibrium natural1 & !  
execution ( ! movem5t easy4 ,! horse's  

head be+ turn$ to ! side :]e ! cr\p is  
mov+1 adds mu* to ! gracefulness ( !    
p]=mance1 & aids ! rid] 9 regulat+ !    
activity ( ! haun*es1 & keep+ ! %\ld]s 9
 place4 ,= ! re/1 tact alone w be able  
to %[ him h[ to use ! leg & ! re91 9 su*
 a way t _! motions w mutually su/a91   
)\t at any "t c\nt]act+ "o ano!r4  ,i   
ne$ n rem9d y t dur+ ! :ole ( ?is       
ex]cise1 z on all occasions1 ! neck %\ld
 rema9 supple & light2 ! head 9 position
 7p]p5dicul>7 & ! jaw movable4 ,:ile !  
bridle h& keeps !m 9 ?is prop] position1
 ! "r h&1 ) ! aid ( ! snaffle1 is       
combat+ ! lat]al resi/ances1 & det]m9+ !
 diff]5t incl9ations1 until ! horse is  
suffici5tly well brok5 to obey a simple 
pressure ( ! bit4 ,if1 :5 combat+ !     
contraction ( ! cr\p1 we p]mitt$ ! horse
 to ?r[ its /iffness into ! =e-p>ts1 our
 ef=ts w\ld be va91 & ! fruit ( our fir/
 labors lo/4 ,on ! contr>y1 we w        
facilitate ! subjection ( ! h9d-p>ts1 by
 pres]v+ ! advantages we h already      
acquir$ ov] ! =e-p>ts1 & by keep+       

sep>at$ ^? contractions we h yet to     
combat4  ,! leg ( ! rid] opposite to t  
:i* det]m9es ! rotation ( ! cr\p1 mu/ n 
be kept (f dur+ ! movem5t1 b rema9 close
 to ! horse & keep him 9 place1 :ile    
giv+ f ! re> =w>d an impulse :i* ! o!r  
leg communicates f "r to left1 or f left
 to "r4 ,!re w ?us be "o =ce :i* keeps !
 horse 9 position1 & ano!r :i* det]m9es 
! rotation4 ,9 ord] t ! pressure ( ! two
 legs %\ld n c\nt]act "o ano!r1 & 9 ord]
 to be able to use !m bo? toge!r1 ! leg 
int5d$ to move ! cr\p w be plac$ f>!r   
beh9d ! gir?s ?an ! o!r1 :i* w rema9    
held ) a =ce equal to t ( ! leg t       
det]m9es ! movem5t4 ,!n ! action ( !    
legs w be di/9ct1 ! "o be>+ f "r to     
left1 ! o!r f ! re> =w>ds4 ,x is by !   
aid ( ! latt] t ! h& places & fixes ! =e
 legs4  ,to accel]ate ^! results1 at    
fir/1 a second p]son may be employ$ :o w
 place himself at ! height ( ! horse's  
head1 hold+ ! curb-re9s 9 ! "r h&1 & on 
! side opposite to :i* we wi% ! cr\p to 
g4 ,he w lay hold ( ! re9s at six in*es 

f ! bran*es ( ! bit1 s z to be 9 a good 
position to combat ! in/9ctive          
resi/ances ( ! animal4 ,! "o 9 ! saddle 
w cont5t himself ) hold+ lightly !      
snaffle-re9s1 act+ ) 8 legs z ,i h      
already %[n4 ,! second p]son is only    
useful :5 we h to deal ) a horse ( an   
intractable disposition1 or to aid !    
inexp]i5ce ( ! "o 9 ! saddle2 b1 z mu*  
%\ld be done )\t assi/ance z possible1 9
 ord] t ! practition] may judge by      
himself ( ! progress ( 8 horse1 seek+   
all ! :ile = means to increase ! effects
 ( 8 t\*4  ,ev5 :ile ?is "w is 9 an     
elem5t>y /ate1 he w make ! horse execute
 easily all ! figures ( ! manege de deux
 pi/es4,j ,aft] eight days ( mod]ate    
ex]cise1 he w h accompli%$1 )\t ef=t1 a 
p]=mance t ! old s*ool did n d>e to     
und]take until aft] two or ?ree ye>s'   
/udy+ & work+ at ! horse4      ,j ,la   
pi/e is an imag9>y l9e ^u :i* ! horse is
         made to walk4 ,:5 ! h9d legs   
foll[ ! same l9e z !         =e ones1 ! 
horse is said to g d'une pi/e1 or on "o 

l9e4 ,he goes de deux pi/es1 or on two  
l9es1 :5 8 h9d         legs pass along a
 l9e p>allel to t trac$ by ! =e         
legs4--,bau*]'s ,dictionnaire           
d',equitation4  ,:5 ! rid] has accu/om$ 
! cr\p ( ! horse to yield promptly to ! 
pressure ( ! legs1 he w be able to put x
 9 motion1 or fix x motionless at w1 &  
c1 consequ5tly1 execute ord9>y          
pir\ettes4,k ,= ?is purpose he w take a 
snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 "o to direct !    
neck & %\ld]s t[>ds ! side to :i* we wi%
 to :eel1 ! o!r to second ! opposite    
leg1 if x is n suffici5t to keep ! cr\p 
/ill4 ,at ! beg9n+1 ?is leg %\ld be     
plac$ z f> back z possible1 & n be us$  
until ! haun*es be> aga9/ x4 ,by c>eful 
& progressive managem5t ! results w soon
 be atta9$2 at ! />t1 ! horse %\ld be   
all[$ to re/ aft] execut+ two or ?ree   
/eps well1 :i* w give five or six halts 
9 ! complete rotation ( ! %\ld]s ar\nd !
 cr\p4     ,k ,! pir\ette is execut$ on 
! =e or h9d legs1 by mak+         !     
horse turn r\nd ^u himself1 9 su* a way1

 t ! leg         on ! side he is go+1   
acts z a pivot1 & is ! pr9cipal         
support ar\nd :i* ! o!r ?ree legs       
move4--,bau*]'s         ,dictionnaire   
d',equitation4         ,pir\ettes are   
ei!r ord9>y or rev]s$4 ,9 ! ord9>y      
pir\ette1 "o ( ! h9d legs is ! pivot on 
:i* ! horse         moves2 9 ! rev]s$1  
"o ( ! =e legs4--,,translator4  ,"h !   
/ation>y ex]cises cease4 ,i w n[ expla9 
h[ ! suppl+ ( ! h9d-p>ts w be complet$1 
by comm5c+ to comb9e ! play ( its spr+s 
) ^? ( ! =e-p>ts4  ,back+4--,!          
retrograde movem5t1 o!rwise call$ back+1
 is an ex]cise1 ! importance ( :i* has n
 be5 suffici5tly appreciat$1 & :i* yet  
ought to h a v great influ5ce ^u 8      
education4 ,:5 practis$ aft] ! old      
errone\s me?ods1 x w\ld h be5 )\t       
success1 s9ce ! ?read ( ex]cises t ought
 to prec$e x 7 unkn[n4 ,back+ prop]ly   
diff]s ess5tially f t incorrect backw>d 
movem5t :i* c>ries ! horse to ! re> ) 8 
cr\p contract$ & 8 neck /iff2 t is1     
back+ away f & avoid+ ! effect ( ! re9s4

 ,back+ correctly supples ! horse1 &    
adds grace & precision to 8 natural     
motions4 ,! fir/ ( ! conditions ^u :i* x
 is to be obta9$1 is to keep ! horse 9  
h&2 t is to say1 supple1 light 9 ! m\?1 
/eady on 8 legs1 & p]fectly balanc$ 9   
all 8 p>ts4 ,?us dispos$1 ! animal w be 
able ) ease to move & elevate equally 8 
=e & h9d legs4  ,x is "h t we w be      
enabl$ to appreciate ! good effects & ! 
indisp5sable necessity ( suppl+ ! neck &
 haun*es4 ,back+1 :i* at fir/ is        
tol]ably pa9ful to ! horse1 w always    
lead him to combat ! motions ( our h&1  
by /iff5+ 8 neck1 & ^? ( our legs1 by   
contract+ 8 cr\p2 ^! are ! in/9ctive    
resi/ances4 ,if we _c obviate ! bad     
disposition ( !m1 h[ w we be able to    
obta9 t %ift+ & re-%ift+ ( weight1 :i*  
alone ought to make ! execution ( ?is   
movem5t p]fect8 ,if ! impulsion :i*1 to 
back him1 ought to come f ! =e-p>ts1    
%\ld pass ov] its prop] limits1 !       
movem5t w\ld become pa9ful1 impossible 9
 fact1 & occasion1 on ! "p ( ! animal1  

sudd51 viol5t movem5ts :i* are always   
injuri\s to 8 organization4  ,on ! o!r  
h&1 ! displacem5ts,l ( ! cr\p1 by       
de/roy+ ! h>mony :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 ! 
relative =ces ( =e & h9d-p>ts1 w\ld also
 h9d] ! prop] execution ( ! back+4 ,!   
previ\s ex]cise to :i* we h subject$ !  
cr\p w aid u 9 keep+ x 9 a /raight l9e )
 ! %\ld]s1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! necess>y 
transf]r+ ( ! =ces & weight4      ,l ,^!
 displacem5ts ( ! cr\p mean sideway     
displacem5ts1 or ! horse's cr\p n be+ 9 
a l9e ) !         %\ld]s4--,,translator4
  ,to comm5ce ! movem5t1 ! rid] ought   
fir/ to assure himself t ! haun*es are  
on a l9e ) ! %\ld]s1 & ! horse light 9  
h&2 !n he w sl[ly close 8 legs1 9 ord] t
 ! action !y w communicate to ! h9d-p>ts
 ( ! horse may make him lift "o ( 8 h9d 
legs1 & prev5t ! body f yield+ be=e !   
neck4 ,x is !n t ! imm$iate pressure ( !
 bit1 =c+ ! horse to rega9 8 equilibrium
 beh9d1 w produce ! fir/ "p ( ! back+4  
,z soon z ! horse obeys1 ! rid] w       
in/antly give ! h& to rew>d ! animal1 & 

n to =ce ! play ( 8 =e-p>ts4 ,if 8 cr\p 
is displac$1 ! rid] w br+ x back by     
means ( 8 leg1 & if necess>y1 use = ?is 
purpose ! snaffle-re9 on t side4  ,aft] 
hav+ def9$ :at ,i call ! prop] back+    
7recul]71 ,i ought to expla9 :at ,i     
und]/& by back+ s z to avoid ! bit      
7l'acculem5t74 ,?is movem5t is too      
pa9ful to ! horse1 too ungraceful1 & too
 mu* oppos$ to ! "r developm5t ( 8      
me*anism1 n to h /ruck any "o :o has    
occupi$ himself at all ) horseman%ip4   
,we =ce a horse backw>ds 9 ?is way1     
:5ev] we cr[d too mu* 8 =ces & weight ^u
 8 h9d-p>ts2 by s do+ we de/roy 8       
equilibrium1 & r5d] grace1 measure &    
correctness impossible4 ,lightness1     
always lightness6 ?is is ! basis1 !     
t\*/one ( all beautiful execution4 ,)   
?is1 all is easy1 z mu* = ! horse z !   
rid]4 ,t be+ ! case1 x is und]/ood t !  
difficulty ( horseman%ip does n consi/ 9
 ! direction to give ! horse1 b 9 !     
position to make him assume--a position 
:i* alone c smoo? all ob/acles4 ,inde$1 

if ! horse executes1 x is ! rid] :o     
makes him d s2 ^u him !n re/s !         
responsibility ( e false movem5t4  ,x w 
suffice to ex]cise ! horse = eight days 
7= five m9utes ea* lesson71 9 back+1 to 
make him execute x ) facility4 ,! rid] w
 cont5t himself ! fir/ few times ) "o or
 two /eps to ! re>1 foll[$ by ! comb9$  
effect ( ! legs & h&1 increas+ 9        
proportion to ! progress he makes1 until
 he f9ds no m difficulty 9 a backw>d ?an
 9 a =w>d movem5t4  ,:at an imm5se /ep  
we w !n h made 9 ! education ( our      
pupil6 ,at ! />t1 ! defective =mation ( 
! animal1 8 natural contractions1 !     
resi/ances we enc\nt]$ ev]y:]e1 seem$ z 
if !y might defy our ef=ts =ev]4 ,)\t   
d\bt !y w\ld h be5 va91 _h we made use (
 a bad c\rse ( proce$+1 b ! wise sy/em (
 progression t we h introduc$ into our  
"w1 ! de/ruction ( ! in/9ctive =ces ( ! 
horse1 ! suppl+1 ! sep>ate subjection ( 
all ! rebelli\s p>ts1 h soon plac$ 9 our
 p[] ! :ole ( ! me*anism to su* a degree
 z to enable u to gov]n x completely1 & 

to re/ore t pliability1 ease1 & h>mony (
 ! p>ts1 :i* _! bad arrangem5t appe>$ z 
if x w\ld always prev5t4 ,z ,i %all po9t
 out h]eaft] 9 class+ ! g5]al division (
 ! labor1 x w be se5 t eight or t5 days 
w be suffici5t to obta9 ^! important    
results4  ,0 ,i n "r !n 9 say+ t if x is
 n 9 my p[] to *ange ! defective =mation
 ( a horse1 ,i c yet prev5t ! evil      
effect ( 8 physical defects1 s z to r5d]
 him z fit to d ev]y?+ ) grace & natural
 ease1 z ! bett] =m$ horse8 ,9 suppl+ ! 
p>ts ( ! animal ^u :i* ! rid] acts      
directly1 9 ord] to gov]n & guide him1 9
 accu/om+ !m to yield )\t difficulty or 
hesitation to ! diff]5t impressions :i* 
are communicat$ to !m1 ,i h1 by s do+1  
de/roy$ _! /iffness & re/or$ ! c5tre (  
gravity to its true place1 namely1 to ! 
middle ( ! body4 ,i h1 besides1 settl$ !
 greate/ difficulty ( horseman%ip3 t (  
subject+1 be=e ev]y?+ else1 ! p>ts ^u   
:i* ! rid] acts directly1 9 ord] to     
prep>e = him infallible means ( act+ ^u 
! horse4  ,x is only by de/roy+ !       

in/9ctive =ces1 & by suppl+ ! diff]5t   
p>ts ( ! horse1 t we w obta9 ?is4 ,all !
 spr+s ( ! animal's body are ?us yield$ 
up to ! discretion ( ! rid]4 ,b ?is fir/
 advantage w n be en\gh to make him a   
complete horseman4 ,! employm5t ( ^!    
=ces ?us ab&on$ to him1 dem&1 9 ord] to 
execute ! diff]5t paces1 mu* /udy &     
skill4 ,i w %[ 9 ! subsequ5t *apt]s !   
rules to be obs]v$4 ,i w conclude ?is "o
 by a rapid recapitulation ( !          
progression to be foll[$ 9 ! suppl+s4   
,/ation>y ex]cise1 ! rid] on foot4      
,=e-p>ts4--  #a4 ,flexions ( ! jaw to ! 
"r & left1 us+ ! curb-bit4  #b4 ,direct 
flexions ( ! jaw1 & depression ( ! neck4
  #c4 ,lat]al flexions ( ! neck ) !     
snaffle-re9s & ) ! curb4  ,/ation>y     
ex]cise1 ! rid] on horseback4--  #a4    
,lat]al flexions ( ! neck ) !           
snaffle-re9s1 & ) ! curb-re9s4  #b4     
,direct flexions ( ! head or plac+ x 9 a
 p]p5dicul> position ) ! snaffle1 & ) ! 
curb-re9s4  ,h9d-p>ts4--  #c4 ,lat]al   
flexions1 & mov+ ! cr\p ar\nd ! %\ld]s4 

#d4 ,rotation ( ! %\ld]s ar\nd !        
haun*es4  #e4 ,comb9+ ! play ( ! =e &   
h9d legs ( ! horse1 or back+4  ,i h     
plac$ ! rotation ( ! %\ld]s ar\nd !     
haun*es 9 ! nom5clat]e ( /ation>y       
ex]cise4 ,b ! ord9>y pivot+1 or         
pir\ettes1 be+ a pretty complicat$      
movem5t1 & "o difficult = ! horse1 he   
%\ld n be completely ex]cis$ 9 x until  
he has acquir$ ! measur$ "t ( ! walk1 & 
( ! trot1 & w easily execute ! *anges ( 
direction4                              
,,*apt] ,v4        ,,( ,,! ,,employm5t  
,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,( ,,! ,,horse          
,,by ,,! ,,rid]4   ,:5 ! suppl+s h      
subject$ ! in/9ctive =ces ( ! horse1 &  
giv5 !m up completely into our p[]1 !   
animal w be no?+ m 9 our h& ?an a       
passive1 expectant ma*9e1 ready to act  
^u ! impulsion we *oose to communicate  
to him4 ,x w be = u1 !n1 z sov]eign     
dispos]s ( all 8 =ces1 to comb9e !      
employm5t ( !m 9 correct proportion to !
 movem5ts we wi% to execute4  ,! "y     
horse1 at fir/ /iff & awkw>d 9 ! use ( 8

 memb]s1 w ne$ a c]ta9 degree (         
managem5t 9 develop+ !m4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 e  
o!r case1 we w foll[ t rational         
progression :i* tells u to comm5ce ) !  
simple1 be=e pass+ to ! complicat$4 ,by 
! prec$+ ex]cise1 we h made our means ( 
act+ ^u ! horse sure4 ,we mu/ n[ att5d  
to facilitat+ 8 means ( execution1 by   
ex]cis+ all 8 =ces toge!r4 ,if ! animal 
responds to ! aids ( ! rid] by ! jaw1 ! 
neck & ! haun*es2 if he yields by !     
g5]al disposition ( 8 body to ! impulses
 communicat$ to him1 x is by ! play ( 8 
extremities t he executes ! movem5t4 ,! 
me*anism ( ^! p>ts ought !n to be easy1 
prompt & regul>2 _! application1 well   
direct$ 9 ! diff]5t paces1 w alone be   
able to give !m ^! qualities1           
indisp5sable to a good education4,m     
,m ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! h& & legs h _!
         vocabul>y also2 & a v concise  
"o4 ,?is mute1 laconic         language 
consi/s ( ^! few words4 ,y are do+      
badly2 ?is         is :at y %\ld d2 y d 
well n[4 ,x is suffici5t =         !    

rid] to be able to translate1 by 8      
me*anism1 ! mean+         ( ^! ?ree     
rem>ks1 to possess all ! eque/rian      
erudition1         & %>e 8 intellig5ce )
 8 horse4  ,! walk4--,?is pace is ! "m (
 all ! o!r paces2 by x we w obta9 !     
cad5ce1 ! regul>ity1 ! ext5sion ( !     
o!rs4 ,b to obta9 ^! brilliant results1 
! rid] mu/ display z mu* k z tact4 ,!   
prec$+ ex]cises h l$ ! horse to be> !   
comb9$ effect ( h& & legs1 :i* c\ld n h 
be5 done previ\sly to ! de/ruction ( !  
in/9ctive resi/ances2 we h n[ only to   
act on ! in]t resi/ances :i* app]ta9 to 
! animal's weight2 ^u ! =ces :i* only   
move :5 an impulse is communicat$ to !m4
  ,be=e mak+ ! horse g =w>d1 we %\ld    
fir/ assure ourselves ( 8 lightness2 t  
is to say1 ( 8 head be+ p]p5dicul>1 8   
neck flexible1 8 h9d-"p /raight & plumb4
 ,! legs w !n be clos$ lightly1 to give 
! body ! impulse necess>y to move x4 ,b 
we %\ld n1 9 accordance ) ! precepts ( !
 old me?od1 give ! bridle h& at ! same  
"t2 = !n ! neck1 be+ free f all re/ra9t1

 w\ld lose its lightness2 w\ld contract1
 & r5d] ! motion ( ! h& p[]less4 ,! rid]
 w rememb] t 8 h& ought to be to ! horse
 an insurm\ntable b>ri]1 :5ev] he w\ld  
leave ! position ( ram5]4 ,! animal w   
nev] attempt x1 )\t pa92 & only )9 ?is  
limit w he f9d ease & com=t4 ,by !      
application ( my me?od1 ! rid] w be l$  
to guide 8 horse all ! "t ) ! re9s half 
tight1 except :5 he wi%es to correct a  
false movem5t1 or det]m9e a new "o4  ,! 
walk1 ,i h said1 ought to prec$e ! o!r  
paces1 because ! horse hav+ ?ree        
supports ^u ! gr\nd1 8 action is less1 &
 consequ5tly easi] to regulate ?an 9 !  
trot & gallop4 ,! fir/ ex]cises ( !     
suppl+s w be foll[$ by "s turns 9 !     
rid+-h\se at a walk1 b only z a         
relaxation1 ! rid] att5d+ less to       
animat+ 8 horse ?an to mak+ him keep 8  
head1 :ile walk+ 9 a p]p5dicul>         
position4 ,little by little he w        
complicate 8 "w1 s z to jo9 to !        
lightness ( ! horse t precision (       
movem5t indisp5sable to ! beauty ( all 8

 paces4  ,he w comm5ce light oppositions
 ( ! h& & legs to make ! =ces ( ! =e &  
h9d-p>ts "w toge!r 9 h>mony4 ,?is       
ex]cise1 by accu/om+ ! horse always to  
yield ! use ( 8 =ces to ! direction ( ! 
rid]1 w be also useful 9 =m+ 8          
intellig5ce1 z well z 9 develop+ 8 p[]s4
 ,:at delights ! exp]t horseman w       
exp]i5ce 9 ! progressive application ( 8
 art6 ,8 pupil at fir/ rebelli\s w      
ins5sibly yield himself to 8 e wi%2 w   
adopt 8 "*1 & end by becom+ ! liv+      
p]sonification ( him4 ,take c>e1 !n1    
rid]6 ,if y\r horse is caprici\s1       
viol5t1 fanta/ic1 we w h ! "r to say t y
 y\rself d n %9e by ! am5ity ( y\r      
disposition1 & ! propriety ( y\r        
proce$+s4  ,9 ord] to keep ! measure &  
quickness ( ! walk equal & regul>1 x is 
indisp5sable t ! impulsive & gov]n+ =ces
 :i* come f ! rid]1 %\ld !mselves be    
p]fectly 9 h>mony4 ,we w suppose1 =     
example1 t ! rid] to move 8 horse =w>d1 
%\ld make use ( a =ce equal to tw5ty    
p\nds1 fifte5 = ! impulse =w>d1 & five  

to br+ 8 head into position4 ,if ! legs 
increase _! motion )\t ! h&s increas+   
!irs 9 ! same proportion1 x is evid5t t 
! surplus ( communicat$ =ce w be ?r[n   
into ! neck1 cause x to contract1 &     
de/roy all lightness4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1
 x is ! h& :i* acts ) too mu* viol5ce1 x
 w be at ! exp5se ( ! impulsive =ce     
necess>y to move ! horse =w>d2 on ?is   
acc\nt1 8 =w>d movem5t w be slack5$ &   
c\nt]act$1 at ! same "t t 8 position w  
lose its gracefulness & p[]4  ,?is %ort 
explanation w suffice to %[ ! h>mony t  
%\ld exi/ betwe5 ! legs & h&s4 ,x is    
und]/ood t _! motion %\ld v>y accord+ z 
! =mation ( ! horse r5d]s x necess>y to 
support him m or less be=e or beh9d2 b !
 rule is ! same1 only ! proportions are 
diff]5t4  ,z long z ! horse w n keep    
himself supple & light 9 8 walk1 we w   
cont9ue to ex]cise him 9 a /raight l9e2 
b z soon z he acquires m ease &         
/ead9ess1 we w comm5ce to make him      
execute *anges ( direction to ! "r &    
left1 :ile walk+4  ,*anges (            

direction4--,! use ( ! wri/s1 9 ! *anges
 ( direction1 is s simple t x is        
unnecess>y to speak ( x "h4 ,i w only   
call att5tion to ! fact1 t ! resi/ances 
( ! horse ought always to be anticipat$ 
by dispos+ 8 =ces 9 su* a mann] t !y all
 concur 9 putt+ him 9 ! way ( mov+4 ,!  
head w be incl9$ 9 ! direction we wi% to
 g by means ( ! snaffle-re9 ( t side1 ! 
curb w !n complete ! movem5t4 ,g5]al    
rule3 ! lat]al resi/ances ( ! neck are  
always to be oppos$ by ! aid ( !        
snaffle1 be+ v c>eful n to comm5ce to   
:eel until aft] de/roy+ ! ob/acle t     
oppos$ x4 ,if ! use ( ! wri/s rema9s v  
ne>ly ! same z =m]ly1 x is n s ) ! legs2
 _! motion w be diametrically opposite  
to t giv5 !m 9 ! old /yle ( horseman%ip4
 ,?is innovation is s natural a "o1 t ,i
 _c conceive :y "s "o nev] appli$ x be=e
 me4  ,x is by be>+ ! h& to ! "r1 & mak+
 ! "r leg felt1 p h told me1 & ,i h     
myself at fir/ repeat$ x1 t ! horse is  
made to turn to ! "r4 ,) me1 practice   
has always tak5 ! prec$5ce ( reason+2 & 

?is is ! way ,i fir/ p]ceiv$ !          
incorrectness ( ?is pr9ciple4  ,:atev]  
lightness my horse _h 9 a /raight l9e1  
,i rem>k$ t ?is lightness always lo/ "s 
( its delicacy :5 mov+ 9 small circles1 
al?\gh my outside leg came to !         
assi/ance ( ! inside "o4 ,z soon z ! h9d
 leg put itself 9 motion to foll[ !     
%\ld]s 9 ! circle1 ,i imm$iately felt a 
slight resi/ance4 ,i !n ?\ght ( *ang+ ! 
use ( my aids1 & ( press+ ! leg on !    
side opposite to ! direction ( :eel+4   
,at ! same "t1 9 place ( be>+ ! h&      
imm$iately to ! "r1 to det]m9e ! %\ld]s 
9 t direction1 ,i fir/1 by ! aid ( ?is  
h&1 made ! opposition necess>y to r5d] !
 haun*es motionless1 & to dispose ! =ces
 9 su* a way z to ma9ta9 ! equilibrium  
dur+ ! execution ( ! movem5t4 ,?is      
proce$+ 0 completely successful2 & 9    
expla9+ :at ought to be ! function ( !  
diff]5t extremities1 ,i recognize ?is z 
! only rational way ( us+ !m 9 :eel+4   
,9 fact1 9 :eel+ to ! "r1 = example1 x  
is ! "r h9d leg :i* s]ves z pivot &     

supports ! :ole weight ( ! mass1 :ile ! 
left h9d leg & ! =e legs describe a     
circle m or less ext5d$4 ,9 ord] t !    
movem5t %\ld be correct & free1 x is    
necess>y t ?is pivot ^u :i* ! :ole turns
 be n int]f]$ ) 9 its action2 !         
simultane\s action ( ! "r h& & ! "r leg 
mu/ necess>ily produce ?is effect4 ,!   
equilibrium is ?us de/roy$1 & !         
regul>ity ( ! :eel+ r5d]$ impossible4   
,z soon z ! horse executes easily !     
*anges ( direction at a walk1 & keeps   
himself p]fectly light1 we c comm5ce    
ex]cis+ at a trot4  ,! trot4--,! rid] w 
comm5ce ?is pace at a v mod]ate rate (  
spe$1 foll[+ exactly ! same pr9ciples z 
= ! walk4 ,he w keep 8 horse p]fectly   
light1 n =gett+ t ! fa/] ! pace1 ! m    
disposition !re w be on ! "p ( ! animal 
to fall back aga9 into 8 natural        
contractions4 ,! h& %\ld !n be us$ )    
r$\bl$ nicety1 9 ord] to keep ! head &  
neck always pliable1 )\t affect+ !      
impulse necess>y to ! movem5t4 ,! legs w
 lightly second ! h&s1 & ! horse betwe5 

^! two b>ri]s1 :i* are ob/acles only to 
8 improp] movem5ts1 w soon develop all 8
 be/ faculties1 & ) precision ( movem5t1
 w acquire grace1 ext5sion1 & ! /ead9ess
 inh]5t to ! lightness ( ! :ole4        
,al?\gh _m p]sons :o w\ld n take !      
tr\ble to exam9e ?or\ghly my me?od1 h   
pret5d$ t x is oppos$ to great spe$ 9   
trott+1 x is n ! less prov$ t !         
well-balanc$ horse c trot fa/] ?an ! "o 
de/itute ( ?is advantage4 ,i h giv5     
pro(s ( ?is :5ev] !y h be5 dem&$ ( me2 b
 x is 9 va9 t ,i h tri$ to make p und]/&
 :at con/itutes ! motions ( ! trot1 &   
:at are ! conditions indisp5sable =     
regul>ity 9 execut+ x4 ,s1 ,i 0 oblig$ 9
 a race ( :i* ,i 0 judge1 to make ! bets
 void1 & to prove t ! pret5d$ trott]s 7 
n trott+ really1 b 7 ambl+4  ,!         
condition indisp5sable to a good trott]1
 is p]fect equilibrium ( ! body4        
,equilibrium :i* keeps up a regul>      
movem5t ( ! diagonal =e & h9d feet1     
gives !m an equal elevation & ext5sion1 
) su* lightness t ! animal c easily     

execute all *anges ( direction1 mod]ate 
8 spe$1 halt1 or increase 8 spe$ )\t    
ef=t4 ,! =e-p>ts h n1 !n1 ! appe>ance ( 
t[+ aft] !m ! h9d-p>ts1 :i* keep z f> (f
 z possible2 ev]y?+ becomes easy &      
graceful = ! horse1 because 8 =ces be+ 9
 p]fect h>mony1 p]mit ! rid] to dispose 
( !m 9 su* a way t !y mutually &        
con/antly assi/ ea* o!r4  ,x w\ld be    
impossible = me to c\nt up ! numb] (    
horses t h be5 s5t me to break1 & ^:    
paces h be5 s spoil$ t x 0 impossible = 
!m to trot a s+le /ep4 ,a few lessons h 
always be5 suffici5t = me to get !m back
 into regul> paces1 & ^! are ! means ,i 
employ$4  ,! difficulty :i* ! horse     
exp]i5ces 9 keep+ himself squ>e 9 8     
trot1 almo/ always proce$s f ! h9d-p>ts4
 ,:e!r ^! be ( a feeble con/ruction1 or 
be r5d]$ useless by ! sup]ior vigor ( ! 
=e-p>ts1 ! motions ( ^! p>ts1 :i*       
receive ! %ock & give ! b\nd1 9 ea* case
 become p[]less1 & 9 consequ5ce1 r5d] ! 
movem5t irregul>4,n ,!re is1 !n1        
weakness 9 "o extremity1 or excess ( =ce

 9 ! o!r4 ,! rem$y 9 ea* case w be !    
same1 viz3 ! depression ( ! neck1 :i* by
 dim9i%+ ! p[] ( ! =e-p>ts1 re/ores !   
equilibrium betwe5 ! two p>ts4 ,we h    
practis$ ?is suppl+ on foot1 x w be easy
 to obta9 x on horseback4 ,we "h see !  
usefulness ( ?is p]p5dicul> flexion1 :i*
 all[s u to place on a level ! =ces ( ! 
two opposite extremities ( ! horse1 9   
ord] to make !m h>moni\s1 & induce      
regul>ity 9 _! work+4 ,! horse be+ ?us  
plac$1 c b5d & ext5d 8 =e & h9d legs1   
be=e ! weight ( ! body =ces !m to resume
 _! support4      ,n ,i am n ( ! op9ion 
( ^? connoisseurs :o imag9e         t ! 
qualities ( ! horse1 z well z 8 spe$ 9  
trott+1 dep5d pr9cipally on ! height ( 8
 )]s4 ,i         ?9k1 t = ! horse to be 
/yli% & regul> 9 8         movem5ts1 !  
cr\p %\ld be on a level ) ! )]s2        
su* 0 ! con/ruction ( ! old ,engli%     
horses4 ,a c]ta9         k9d ( horses1 v
 mu* a la mode1 call$ /epp]s1 are       
con/ruct$ aft] an entirely diff]5t      
fa%ion2 !y /rike out         ) _! =e    

legs1 & drag _! h9d-p>ts aft] !m4       
,horses ) a l[ cr\p1 or )]s v high 9    
proportion to         _! cr\p1 7 pref]r$
 by horsem5 ( ! old s*ool1 &         are
 /ill 9 favor n[-a-days among amateur   
horsem54 ,! ,g]man         horsem5 h an 
equally m>k$ pr$ilection = ?is sort (   
=mation1 al?\gh x is contr>y to /r5g? ( 
! cr\p1 to         ! equilibrium ( !    
horse1 & to ! regul> play ( 8           
feet & legs4 ,?is fault ( con/ruction 7=
 x is "o7 has         be5 sc>cely notic$
 till n[2 nev]!less1 x is a great "o1   
& really ret>ds ! horse's education4 ,9 
fact1 we are         oblig$1 9 ord] to  
r5d] 8 movem5ts uni=m1 to l[] 8         
neck1 s t ! k9d ( lev] x repres5ts1 may 
s]ve to         light5 8 h9d-p>ts ( !   
weight ) :i* !y are         ov]burd5$4  
,i ought also to say1 t ?is *ange (     
position1         or ( equilibrium1 is  
only obta9$ by ! aid ( my pr9ciples4    
,i expla9 ! cause & effect1 & ,i po9t   
out ! rem$ies4 ,is         ?is n ! prop]
 way = an au?or to proce$8  ,! practice 

( ?is & "s o!r pr9ciples t ,i expla9 9  
?is "w1 w place 9 ! rank ( *oice horses1
 animals ^: inf]iority caus$ !m to be   
consid]$ jades1 & t ! old me?od w\ld    
nev] h rais$ f _! degradation4 ,x w     
suffice to accu/om ! horse to trot well1
 to ex]cise him at ?is pace only five   
m9utes 9 ea* lesson4 ,:5 he acquires !  
necess>y ease & lightness1 he c be made 
to execute ord9>y pir\ettes1 z well z ! 
ex]cise on two l9es1 at a walk & a trot4
 ,i h said t five m9utes ( trott+ 7     
en\gh at fir/1 because x is less !      
cont9uance ( an ex]cise ?an its be+     
prop]ly done t p]fects ! execution ( x4 
,besides1 z ?is pace requires a         
consid]able displacem5t ( =ces1 & z !   
animal w h be5 already subject$ to a r  
pa9ful ex]cise1 x w\ld be dang]\s to    
prolong x beyond ! "t ,i m5tion4 ,!     
horse w l5d himself m will+ly to y\r    
ef=ts :5 nicely manag$1 & ( %ort        
duration2 8 intellig5ce1 becom+ famili> 
) ?is effici5t progression1 w ha/5      
success4 ,he w submit himself calmly &  

)\t repugnance to "w 9 :i* !re w be no?+
 pa9ful to him1 & we w be able ?us to   
pu% 8 education to ! f>!/ limits1 n only
 )\t injury to 8 physical organization1 
b 9 re/or+ to _! normal /ate organs t a 
=c$ ex]cise might h weak5$4 ,?is regul> 
developm5t ( all ! organs ( ! horse w n 
only give him grace1 b also /r5g? &     
heal?1 & w ?us prolong 8 exi/5ce1 :ile  
increas+ a hundr$fold ! delights ( !    
true horseman4                          
,,*apt] ,,vi4       ,,( ,,!             
,,conc5tration ,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,( ,,!   
,,horse                       ,,by ,,!  
,,rid]4   ,! rid] n[ und]/&s t ! only   
means ( obta9+ precision & regul>ity (  
movem5t 9 ! walk & trot is to keep !    
horse p]fectly light :ile he is ex]cis$ 
at ^! paces4 ,z soon z we are sure ( ?is
 lightness :ile go+ 9 a /raight l9e1 9  
*anges ( direction1 & 9 circul> movem5ts
 x w be easy to pres]ve x :ile ex]cis+  
on two l9es4,o      ,o ,previ\sly       
expla9$4  ,i w\ld "h treat imm$iately ( 
! gallop2 b ?is pace1 m complicat$ ?an !

 two o!rs1 dem&s an arrangem5t on ! "p (
 ! horse1 & a p[] on ! "p ( ! rid]1 t ! 
prec$+ ex]cises h n yet be5 able to     
give4 ,! prop] plac+ ( ! horse's head   
spreads 8 =ces ov] ! :ole ( 8 body2 x is
 necess>y1 9 ord] to p]=m correctly !   
diff]5t ex]cises at a gallop1 & to      
enable y\rself prop]ly to direct ! =ces 
9 en]getic movem5ts1 to br+ !m into a   
common focus--t is1 to ! c5tre ( gravity
 ( ! animal4 ,i am ab\t to expla9 h[ ?is
 is to be done4  ,! use ( !             
spurs4--,pr(essors ( equitation & au?ors
 ^u ?is subject h said t ! spurs are to 
puni% ! horse :5 he does n respond to ! 
legs1 or :5 he refuses to approa* an    
object t fright5s him4 ,) !m1 ! spur is 
n an aid1 b a means ( *a/isem5t4 ,) me x
 is1 on ! contr>y1 a p[]ful auxili>y1   
)\t :i* x w\ld be impossible to break   
any horse p]fectly4 ,h[6 y exclaim1 y   
attack ) ! spur1 horses t are s5sitive1 
excitable1 full ( fire & action--horses 
^: p[]ful make leads !m to become       
unmanageable1 9 spite ( ! h>de/ bits & !

 mo/ vigor\s arms6 ,yes1 & x is ) ! spur
 t ,i w mod]ate ! fury ( ^! too fi]y    
animals1 & /op !m %ort 9 _! mo/ impetu\s
 b\nds4 ,x is ) ! spur1 aid$ ( c\rse by 
! h&1 t ,i w make ! mo/ /ubborn natures 
k9d1 & p]fectly educate ! mo/           
intractable animal4  ,long be=e publi%+ 
my ,compreh5sive ,diction>y (           
,equitation1 ,i 0 aw>e ( ! excell5t     
effects ( ! spur2 b ,i ab/a9$ f develop+
 my pr9ciples1 be+ prev5t$ by an        
expression ( "o ( my fri5ds1 :om ,i _h  
%[n h[ to obta9 results1 :i* to him     
appe>$ miracul\s4 ,x is extraord9>y6 ,x 
is wond]ful6 he exclaim$2 b x is a razor
 9 ! h&s ( a monkey4 ,x is true t ! use 
( ! spurs requires prud5ce1 tact1 &     
gradation2 b ! effects ( x are preci\s4 
,n[ t ,i h prov$ ! efficacy ( my me?od2 
n[ t ,i see my mo/ viol5t adv]s>ies     
become w>m p>tisans ( my pr9ciples1 ,i  
no long] fe> to develop a process t ,i  
consid] "o ( ! mo/ beautiful results (  
my long rese>*es 9 horseman%ip4  ,!re is
 no m diff]5ce 9 s5sibility ( diff]5t   

horses' flanks ?an 9 _! s5sibility (    
m\?--t is to say1 t ! direct effect ( ! 
spur is ne>ly ! same 9 !m all4 ,i h     
already %[n t ! organization ( ! b>s ( !
 m\? goes = no?+ 9 ! resi/ances to ! h&4
 ,x is cle> en\gh t if ! nose be+ ?r[n  
up 9 ! air gives ! horse a =ce (        
resi/ance equal to two hundr$ p\nds1 ?is
 =ce w be r$uc$ to "o hundr$ p\nds1 :5  
we br+ ! horse's head half-way t[>ds a  
p]p5dicul> position2 to fifty p\nds :5  
br\ght /ill ne>] t position1 & to no?+  
:5 p]fectly plac$4 ,! pret5d$ h>dness ( 
m\? proce$s 9 ?is case f ! bad position 
( ! head caus$ by ! /iffness ( ! neck & 
! faulty con/ruction ( ! lo9s & haun*es 
( ! horse4 ,if we c>efully exam9e !     
causes t produce :at is call$ s5sibility
 ( ! flanks1 we w discov] t !y h v mu* !
 same k9d ( s\rce4  ,! innum]able       
conjectures to :i* p h devot$ !mselves1 
9 attribut+ to ! horse's flanks a local 
s5sibility t _h no exi/5ce1 h necess>ily
 injur$ ! progress ( 8 education1       
because x 0 bas$ ^u false data4 ,!      

great] or less s5sibility ( ! animal    
proce$s f 8 action1 f 8 faulty =mation1 
& bad position result+ !refrom4 ,to a   
horse ( natural action1 b ) long weak   
lo9s1 & bad action beh9d1 e motion      
backw>d is pa9ful1 & ! v disposition t  
leads him to ru% ahead1 s]ves him to    
avoid ! pa9 ( ! spur4 ,he returns to ?is
 movem5t :5ev] he feels ! rid]'s legs   
t\* him2 & f> f be+ a spirit$ horse1 he 
is only sc>$ & crazy4 ,! m he feels !   
spur1 ! m he plunges out ( h&1 & baffles
 ! means int5d$ to make him ob$i5t4 ,!re
 is ev]y?+ to fe> f su* a horse2 he w   
sc>e at objects f ! v ease he possesses 
( avoid+ !m4 ,n[ s9ce 8 fright proce$s1 
s to say1 f ! bad position we all[ him  
to take1 ?is inconv5i5ce w disappe> f ! 
mom5t we rem$y ! fir/ cause ( x4 ,we mu/
 conf9e ! =ces 9 ord] to prev5t e       
displacem5t4 ,we mu/ sep>ate ! physical 
f ! moral horse1 & =ce ^! impressions to
 conc5trate 9 ! bra94 ,he w !n be a     
furi\s madman ^: limbs we h b\nd to     
prev5t him f c>ry+ 8 fr5zi$ ?\ghts into 

execution4  ,! be/ pro( we h t !        
promptness ( a horse 9 respond+ to !    
effect ( ! legs & spurs1 is n caus$ by a
 s5sibility ( ! flanks1 b r by great    
action jo9$ to bad =mation1 is t ! same 
action is n s manife/ 9 a well-=m$      
horse1 & t ! latt] be>s ! spur mu* bett]
 ?an "o ^: equilibrium & organization   
are inf]ior4  ,b ! spur is n useful only
 9 mod]at+ ! too great en]gy ( horses ( 
mu* action2 its effect be+ equally good 
9 combat+ ! dispositions :i* lead !     
animal to ?r[ its c5tre ( gravity too   
mu* =w>d1 or back4 ,i w\ld also use x to
 /ir up ^? t are want+ 9 ardor &        
vivacity4 ,9 horses ( action1 ! =ces ( !
 h9d-p>ts surpass ^? ( ! =e-p>ts4 ,x is 
! opposite 9 dull horses4 ,we c ?us     
acc\nt = ! quickness ( ! =m]2 ! sl[ness 
& sluggi%ness ( ! latt]4  ,by ! ex]cise 
( suppl+1 we h completely annull$ !     
in/9ctive =ces ( ! horse4 ,we mu/ n[    
reunite ^! =ces 9 _! true c5tre (       
gravity1 t is1 ! middle ( ! animal's    
body2 x is by ! prop]ly comb9$          

opposition ( ! legs & h&s t we w succe$ 
9 ?is4 ,! advantages we possess already 
ov] ! horse1 w enable u to combat f _! v
 bir?1 all ! resi/ances :i* t5d to make 
him leave ! prop] position1 ! only "o 9 
:i* we c successfully practice ^!       
oppositions4 ,x is also ( ! fir/        
importance to put into our proce$+s tact
 & gradation1 s t1 = example1 ! legs    
nev] give an impulse t ! h& is n able to
 take hold ( & gov]n at ! same mom5t4 ,i
 w make ?is pr9ciple m cle> by a %ort   
explanation4  ,we w suppose a horse at a
 walk1 employ+ a =ce ( =ty p\nds1       
necess>y to keep ! pace regul> till !   
mom5t ( ! opposition ( ! h&s & legs :i* 
foll[4 ,by & by comes a sl[ & gradual   
pressure ( ! legs1 :i* adds t5 p\nds to 
! impulse ( ! pace4 ,z ! horse is       
suppos$ to be p]fectly 9 h&1 ! h& w     
imm$iately feel ?is passage ( =ces1 &   
mu/ !n make itself ma/] ( !m to transf] 
!m to ! c5tre4 ,mean:ile ! legs w       
cont9ue _! pressure1 to ! end t ^! =ces 
?us driv5 back may n return to ! focus  

!y _h left1 :i* w\ld be b a useless ebb+
 & fl[+ ( =ces4 ,?is succession (       
oppositions well comb9$ w br+ toge!r a  
great quantity ( =ces 9 ! c5tre ( !     
horse's body1 & ! m ^! are increas$1 ! m
 ! animal w lose its in/9ctive en]gy4   
,:5 ! pressure ( ! legs becomes         
insuffici5t to entirely collect ! =ces1 
m en]getic means mu/ be employ$1 viz43 !
 t\*es ( ! spur4  ,! spurr+ ought to be 
done1 n viol5tly1 & ) mu* movem5t ( !   
legs1 b ) delicacy & managem5t4 ,! rid] 
ought to close 8 legs s gradually1 t    
be=e com+ 9 actual contact ) ! horse's  
flanks1 ! spur w n be m ?an a hair's    
bread? (f1 if possible4 ,! h& %\ld ev]  
be ! e*o to ! light t\*es ) :i* we      
comm5ce2 x %\ld !n be firmly held1 s z  
to pres5t an opposition equal to ! =ce  
communicat$ by ! spur4 ,if by ! "t be+  
badly *os51 ! h& does n exactly int]cept
 ! impulse giv51 & ! g5]al commotion    
result+ !refrom1 we %\ld1 be=e          
recomm5c+1 ga!r ! horse toge!r1 &       
re-e/abli% calm 9 8 motions4 ,! =ce ( ! 

spurr+ w be progressively increas$ until
 ! horse be>s x1 :5 z vigor\sly appli$ z
 possible1 )\t pres5t+ ! lea/ resi/ance 
to ! h&1 )\t increas+ ! spe$ ( 8 pace1  
or )\t displac+ himself z long z we     
op]ate ) a firm foot4  ,a horse br\ght  
?us to be> spurr+1 is ?ree-f\r?s brok51 
s9ce we h ! free disposition ( all 8    
=ces4 ,besides1 8 c5tre ( gravity be+   
:]e 8 =ces are all unit$1 we h br\ght x 
to its prop] place1 viz43 ! middle ( !  
body4 ,all ! oscillations ( ! animal w  
!n be subord9ate to u1 & we w be able to
 transf] ! weight ) ease1 :5 necess>y4  
,x is easy n[ to und]/& :]e ! resi/ances
 h _! orig92 :e!r ! horse kicks up      
beh9d1 re>s1 or runs away1 ! cause is   
always ! c5tre ( gravity be+ 9 ! wrong  
place4 ,?is v cause belongs to a        
defective =mation t we _c *ange1 x is   
true1 b ! effects ( :i* we c always     
modify4 ,if ! horse kicks up1 ! c5tre ( 
gravity is 9 ! %\ld]s2 9 8 cr\p :5 !    
animal re>s1 & too f> =w>d :5 he runs   
away4 ,! pr9cipal ?\ght ( ! rid]1 !n1   

ought to be to keep ! c5tre ( gravity 9 
! middle ( ! horse's body1 s9ce he w    
!reby prev5t him def5d+ himself1 & br+  
back ! =ces ( ! badly =m$ horse to _!   
true place1 :i* !y occupy 9 ! f9e/      
organizations4 ,x is ?is t makes me     
ass]t t a well-=m$ horse w n make       
resi/ance nor move irregul>ly1 = to d s 
requires sup]natural ef=ts on 8 "p to   
de/roy ! h>mony ( 8 mov+ p>ts1 & s      
greatly displace 8 c5tre ( gravity4 ,s1 
:5 ,i speak ( ! necessity ( giv+ ! horse
 a new equilibrium1 9 ord] to prev5t 8  
def5d+ himself1 & also to rem$y !       
ungracefulness ( 8 =m1 ,i allude to !   
comb9ation ( =ces ( :i* ,i h be5 treat+1
 or1 r1 ( ! removal ( ! c5tre ( gravity 
f "o place to ano!r4 ,?is result obta9$1
 ! education ( ! horse is complete4 ,:5 
! horseman succe$s 9 obta9+ x1 8 tal5t  
becomes a tru?1 s9ce x trans=ms ugl9ess 
into grace1 & gives elegance & lightness
 to movem5ts :i* 7 be=e heavy &         
confus$4,p      ,p ,i h (t5 prov$ t     
horses t 7 consid]$ dull1 or            

unable to move _! %\ld]s freely1 h n !  
defect t         is suppos$2 9 o!r      
words1 t x is v r>e t !y are            
p>alyz$ 9 _! %\ld]s s z to injure !     
regul>ity &         spe$ ( _! paces1    
pr9cipally z reg>ds trott+4 ,!          
%\ld]s ( ! horse1 if ,i may use !       
comp>ison1 resemble         ! w+s ( a   
w9d-mill2 ! impulse giv5 by ! hocks     
replaces ! motive =ce4 ,!re und\bt$ly   
exi/ "s local         compla9ts t affect
 ! %\ld]s2 b ?is is v r>e2         !    
defect1 if !re is "o1 has its orig9 9 ! 
h9d-p>ts4         ,= my "p1 ,i h be5    
able to make all su* horses v free      
9 _! movem5ts1 & t aft] fifte5 days (   
ex]cise1         half an h\r a day4     
,! means1 l all ,i employ1 are v simple4
 ,!y consi/ 9         suppl+ ! neck to  
get ! horse 9 h&1 & !n1 by ! aid        
( ! legs1 & aft]w>ds slight use ( !     
spurs1 9 br++         8 haun*es ne>] !  
c5tre4 ,!n ! hocks w obta9 a            
lev]age1 by :i* !y c propel ! mass =w>d1
 & give         ! %\ld]s a fre$om t p   

w\ld n expect4  ,! rid]'s employm5t (   
=ce1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 has a moral     
effect also on ! horse1 t accel]ates !  
results4 ,if ! impulse giv5 by ! legs   
f9ds 9 ! h& ! en]gy & apropos necess>y  
to regulate its effects1 ! pa9 ! animal 
su/a9s w be always proportion$ to 8     
resi/ances1 & 8 in/9ct w soon make him  
und]/& h[ he c dim9i%1 & ev5 avoid      
altoge!r ?is con/ra9t1 by promptly      
yield+ to :at we dem& ( him4 ,he w ha/5 
!n to submit1 & w ev5 anticipate our    
desires4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 x is only by    
means ( tact & delicate managem5t t we w
 ga9 ?is important po9t4 ,if ! legs give
 too vigor\s an impulse1 ! horse w      
quickly ov]come ! motion ( ! h&s1 &     
resume ) 8 natural position all !       
advantages x gives him to foil ! ef=ts (
 ! rid]4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! h& pres5ts
 too great a resi/ance1 ! horse w soon  
ov]come ! legs1 & f9d a means ( def5d+  
himself by back+4 ,yet ^! difficulties  
mu/ n be all[$ to fright5 u2 !y 7 only  
s]i\s ones :5 no rational pr9ciple gave 

! means ( surm\nt+ !m4 ,! application ( 
my me?od w enable ord9>y horsem5 to     
obta9 results t o!rwise c\ld be obta9$  
only by ! mo/ favor$ eque/rian          
organizations4  ,:5 ! animal becomes    
accu/om$ by means ( ! spur to su*       
oppositions1 x w become easy en\gh to   
combat ) ! spur all ! resi/ances t may  
aft]w>ds manife/ !mselves4 ,s9ce !      
resi/ances are always caus$ by mov+ !   
cr\p sideways1 or gett+ x too f> back1 !
 spur1 by imm$iately br++ ! h9d legs    
t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! body1 prev5ts !       
support ( ! hocks1 :i* 7 able to oppose 
! prop] h>mony ( =ces1 & prev5t ! "r    
di/ribution ( ! weight4  ,?is is ! means
 ,i always employ to make ! horse pass f
 a swift gallop to a halt1 )\t /ra9+ 8  
hocks1 or injur+ any ( ! jo9ts ( 8      
h9d-p>ts4 ,9 fact1 s9ce x is ! hocks :i*
 propel ! mass =w>d1 x suffices to      
de/roy _! motion to /op ! b\nd4 ,! spur1
 by in/antly br++ ! h9d legs "u !       
horse's belly1 de/roys _! p[] f ! mom5t 
! h& comes 9 ! nick ( "t to fix !m 9 t  

position4 ,!n ! haun*es b5d1 ! cr\p is  
l[]$2 ! weight & =ces arrange !mselves 9
 ! ord] mo/ favorable to ! free & comb9$
 play ( ea* "p1 & ! viol5ce ( ! %ock1   
inf9itely decompos$1 is sc>ce p]ceptible
 to ei!r horse or rid]4  ,if1 on !      
contr>y1 we /op ! horse by mak+ ! h&    
move fir/1 ! hocks rema9 f> 9 ! re> ( ! 
plumb-l9e2 ! %ock is viol5t1 pa9ful = ! 
animal1 & especially injuri\s to 8      
physical organization4 ,horses t are ?us
 /opp$1 set !mselves aga9/ ! bit1 ext5d+
 _! neck1 & require an arm ( iron & a   
mo/ viol5t oppos+ =ce4 ,su* is ! cu/om (
 ! ,arabs1 = example1 9 halt+ sudd5ly _!
 horses1 by mak+ use ( murd]\s bits t   
break ! b>s ( _! horses' m\?s4 ,?us1    
not)/&+ ! wond]ful p[]s ) :i* nature has
 gift$ !m1 are ^! excell5t animals      
injur$4 ,! use ( ! spur mu/ n be comm5c$
 till by ga!r+ him we get ! horse well 9
 h&2 !n ! fir/ t\* ( ! spur %\ld be made
 felt4 ,we w cont9ue to make use ( x1 at
 long int]vals1 until ! horse1 aft] 8   
b\nd =w>d1 pres5ts no resi/ance to ! h&1

 & avoids ! pressure ( ! bit1 by br++ 9 
8 *9 t[>ds 8 *e/1 ( 8 own accord4 ,?is  
submission once obta9$1 we c und]take ! 
use ( ! spurs ) oppositions1 b we mu/ be
 c>eful to discont9ue !m :5 ! horse is 9
 h&4 ,?is means has ! d\ble advantage ( 
act+ morally & physically4 ,! fir/      
attacks w be made ) a s+le spur1 & by   
be>+ on ! opposite re92 ^! transv]se    
oppositions w h a bett] effect & give m 
prompt results4 ,:5 ! horse beg9s to    
conta9 himself1 ! two spurs be+ us$     
sep>ately1 we c make !m felt toge!r & ) 
an equal gradation4,q      ,q ,i w\ld   
nev] h ?\ght t ?is means1 :i* s]ves z   
a corrective to ! processes us$ by all  
horsem51 w\ld h         ar\s$ !         
s5sibility ( "s amateurs4 ,^! latt] h   
pref]r$ to be affect$ by exagg]at$ or   
errone\s reports1         r ?an satisfy 
!mselves by obs]vation1 t ?is           
pret5d$ cruelty is 9 fact ! mo/ innoc5t 
?+ 9 !         _w4 ,mu/ we n tea* !     
horse to respond to ! spur z            
well z to ! legs & ! h&8 ,is x n by ?is 

spurr+1         judici\sly appli$1 t we 
br+ 9 at w ! h9d legs m         or less 
ne> ! c5tre ( gravity8 ,is n ?is ! only 
way (         increas+ or dim9i%+ !     
lev]age ( ! hocks1 :e!r =         ext5d+
 or rais+ !m 9 motion1 or = ! purpose ( 
halt+8  ,to ! "w1 !n1 cavali]s6 ,if y w 
foll[ my pr9ciples1 ,i c promise y t y\r
 purse w be less (t5 empti$ into ! h&s (
 horse-deal]s1 & t y w r5d] ! meane/ (  
y\r hacks agreeable4 ,y w *>m our bre$]s
 ( horses1 :o w attribute to _! ef=ts ( 
reg5]ation t elegance & grace t y\r art 
alone c\ld h giv5 to y\r *>g]s4  ,l[]+ !
 h&4--,! l[]+ ! h& consi/s 9 confirm+ ! 
horse 9 all 8 lightness--t is1 9 mak+   
him pres]ve 8 equilibrium )\t ! aid ( ! 
re9s4 ,! suppl5ess giv5 to all p>ts ( ! 
horse1 ! j oppositions ( h&s & legs1    
lead him to keep himself 9 ! be/        
possible position4 ,to f9d out exactly  
:e!r we are obta9+ ?is result1 we mu/ h 
rec\rse to frequ5t l[]+ ( ! h&4 ,x is   
done 9 ?is way3 ,aft] hav+ slipp$ ! "r  
h& to ! buckle1 & hav+ assur$ y\rself t 

! re9s are ev51 y w let g ( !m ) ! left 
h&1 & l[] ! "r sl[ly to ! pommel ( !    
saddle4 ,to d ?is regul>ly1 ! horse mu/ 
nei!r increase nor dim9i% ! spe$ ( 8    
pace1 & 8 head & neck cont9ue to pres]ve
 _! prop] position4 ,! fir/ few times t 
! horse is ?us giv5 up to himself1 he w 
p]haps only take a few /eps :ile keep+ 9
 position1 & at ! same rate ( spe$2 !   
rid] ought !n to make 8 legs felt fir/1 
& ! h& aft]w>ds1 to br+ him into 8      
previ\s position4 ,! frequ5t repetition 
( ?is l[]+ ( ! h&1 aft] a complete plac+
 ( ! horse's head 9 a p]p5dicul>        
position1 w give him a mo/ exquisite    
m\?1 & ! rid] a /ill great] delicacy (  
t\*4 ,! means ( guid+ employ$ by ! latt]
 w imm$iately be answ]$ by ! horse1 if 8
 =ces h be5 previ\sly dispos$ 9 a       
p]fectly h>moni\s /ate4  ,! l[]+s ( ! h&
 ought to be practis$ fir/ at a walk1 !n
 at a trot1 aft]w>ds at a gallop4 ,?is  
semblance ( lib]ty gives su* confid5ce  
to ! horse t he gives up )\t kn[+ x2 he 
becomes our submissive slave1 :ile      

suppos+ t he is pres]v+ an entire       
indep5d5ce4  ,( ga!r+ ! horse1 or       
rassembl]4--,! prec$+ ex]cise w r5d]    
easy to ! rid] t important "p (         
horseman%ip call$ rassembl]4 ,?is has   
be5 a great deal talk$ ab\t by p1 z !y h
 talk$ ab\t ,provid5ce1 & all ! my/]ies 
t are imp5etrable to human p]ception4   
,if x 7 all[able = u to comp>e small ?+s
 to great1 we might say t ! m or less   
absurd !ories t h be5 put =w>d ^u !     
subject ( div9e p[] h n1 =tunately1     
h9d]$ 9 any way ! un*angeable m>* (     
nature2 b ) reg>d to ! progress (       
horseman%ip1 ! case is n ! same z to :at
 has be5 said & writt5 on ! subject ( ! 
rassembl]4 ,! false pr9ciples propagat$ 
on ?is subject h made ! horse ! play?+ &
 ! victim ( ! rid]'s ignorance4  ,i     
proclaim x1 ! ga!r+ a horse has nev] be5
 und]/ood or def9$ be=e me1 = x _c be   
p]fectly execut$ )\t ! regul>           
application ( ! pr9ciples t ,i h        
develop$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,y w be conv9c$ ( 
?is tru? :5 y "k t ! rassembl] dem&s3   

#a4 ,! suppl+1 p>tial & g5]al1 ( ! neck 
& haun*es4  #b4 ,! p]fect position t    
results f ?is suppl+4  #c4 ,! entire    
absorption ( ! =ces ( ! horse by ! rid]4
  ,n[1 z ! means ( obta9+ ^! diff]5t    
results h nev] be5 po9t$ out 9 any      
treatise on horseman%ip1 am ,i n ju/ifi$
 9 say+ t ! true rassembl] has nev] be5 
practis$ until n[8 ,x is1 nev]!less1 "o 
( ! indisp5sable conditions ( ! horse's 
education2 consequ5tly ,i ?9k ,i am "r 9
 say+ t be=e my me?od1 horses (         
defective =mation h nev] be5 prop]ly    
brok54  ,h[ is ! rassembl] def9$ 9 !    
s*ools ( horseman%ip8 ,y ga!r y\r horse 
by rais+ ! h& & clos+ ! legs4 ,i ask1   
:at good c ?is movem5t ( ! rid] d ^u an 
animal badly =m$1 contract$1 & t rema9s 
"u ! influ5ce ( all ! evil prop5sities (
 its nature8 ,?is me*anical support ( ! 
h&s & legs1 f> f prep>+ ! horse =       
ob$i5ce1 w only make him r$\ble 8 means 
( resi/ance1 s9ce1 :ile giv+ him notice 
t we are ab\t to dem& a movem5t on 8 "p1
 we rema9 unable to dispose 8 =ces 9 su*

 a way z to =ce him to x4  ,! real      
rassembl] consi/s 9 collect+ ! =ces ( ! 
horse 9 8 c5tre 9 ord] to ease 8        
extremities1 & give !m up completely to 
! disposition ( ! rid]4 ,! animal ?us   
f9ds himself trans=m$ into a k9d (      
balance1 ( :i* ! rid] is ! c5tre-piece4 
,! lea/ t\* ^u "o or o!r ( !            
extremities1 :i* repres5t ! scales1 w   
imm$iately s5d !m 9 ! direction we wi%4 
,! rid] w "k t 8 horse is completely    
ga!r$ :5 he feels him ready1 z x 71 to  
rise f all f\r ( 8 legs4 ,! prop]       
position fir/1 & !n ! use ( ! spurs1 w  
make ?is beautiful execution ( ! ga!r+  
easy to bo? horse & rid]2 & :at spl5dor1
 grace & maje/y x gives ! animal6 ,if we
 h be5 oblig$ at fir/ to use ! spurs 9  
pu%+ ?is conc5tration ( =ces to its f>!/
 limits1 ! legs w aft]w>ds be suffici5t 
to obta9 ! ga!r+ necess>y = ! precision 
& elevation requir$ 9 all complicat$    
movem5ts4  ,ne$ ,i recomm5d discretion 9
 y\r dem&s8 ,i ?9k n4 ,if ! rid]1 hav+  
rea*$ ?is /age ( 8 horse's education1 _c

 compreh5d & seize t f95ess ( t\*1 t    
delicacy ( process indisp5sable to ! "r 
application ( my pr9ciples1 x w prove   
him devoid ( e feel+ ( a horseman2 no?+ 
,i c say c rem$y ?is imp]fection ( 8    
nature4                                 
,,*apt] ,,vii4        ,,( ,,!           
,,employm5t ,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,( ,,!      
,,horse                       ,,by ,,!  
,,rid]4                                 
7,cont9uation47   ,( ! gallop4--,i h    
said t1 until n[1 ! great] "p ( !       
res\rces ( horseman%ip h n be5 und]/ood1
 & _h ,i ne$ ( ano!r pro( to support my 
op9ion1 ,i w\ld draw x f ! error1 !     
suppositions1 ! innum]able              
contradictions t h be5 heap$ toge!r 9   
ord] to expla9 s simple a movem5t z !   
gallop4 ,:at contr>y op9ions ^u ! means 
to employ to make ! horse g (f ) 8 "r   
foot8 ,x is ! support ( ! rid]'s "r leg 
:i* det]m9es ! movem5t1 "o pret5ds2 x is
 t ( ! left leg1 says ano!r2 x is !     
equal t\* ( ! two legs1 affirms a ?ird2 
no1 "s o!rs rem>k1 v s]i\sly1 y mu/ let 

! horse act naturally4  ,h[ c ! tru? be 
made out 9 ! mid/ ( ?is conflict ( su*  
contr>y pr9ciples8 ,besides1 !y come f  
su* respectable s\rces2 ! mo/ ( _!      
au?ors 7 possess$ ( titles & dignities  
:i* are g5]ally only grant$ to m]it4 ,h 
!y all be5 deceiv$ = a hundr$ & fifty   
ye>s8 ,?is is n possible2 = _m ( !m jo9$
 to long practice a p]fect k ( physics1 
anatomy1 ma!matics1 etc41 etc4 ,to d\bt 
su* au?orities w\ld be z presumptu\s z  
imprud5t2 x w\ld h be5 consid]$ a crime 
( high treason aga9/ horseman%ip4 ,s !  
rid]s kept _! ignorance & ! horses _!   
bad equilibrium2 & if any "o succe$$1   
aft] two or ?ree ye>s ( r\t9e labor1 9  
mak+ c]ta9 horses ( a privileg$         
organization />t ) ! desir$ foot1 & 9   
mak+ !m *ange feet f9ally1 at a fix$    
po9t1 ! difficulty !n 0 to prev5t !m f  
always repeat+ ?is movem5t at ! same    
place4  ,?us x is t ! mo/ palpable      
errors ga9 cr$it1 & (t5 are p]petuat$1  
until !re comes a practical m9d1 gift$ )
 "s am\nt ( common s5se1 :o contradicts 

by practice all ! le>n$ !ories ( its    
pr$ecessors4 ,!y try h>d at fir/ to d5y 
! k ( ! innovator2 b ! masses :o        
in/9ctively "k ! true1 & judge f :at !y 
see1 soon range !mselves on 8 side1 turn
 _! backs ^u 8 detractors1 & leave !m to
 _! solitude & va9 pret5sions4  ,to !   
mass ( horsem5 ,i address myself1 :5 ,i 
say1 ei!r ! horse is "u ! influ5ce ( y\r
 =ces1 & entirely submissive to y\r p[]1
 or y are /ruggl+ ) him4 ,if he gallops 
(f ) y1 )\t y\r be+ able to modify or   
direct ) c]ta9ty 8 c\rse1 x proves t1   
al?\gh subject to a c]ta9 ext5t to y\r  
p[] 9 ?us cons5t+ to c>ry y ab\t1 he1   
nev]!less1 uses 8 in/9ctive =ces4 ,9 ?is
 case1 !re is a p]petual fight go+ on   
betwe5 y & him1 ! *ances ( :i* dep5d on 
! temp]am5t & caprice ( ! animal1 ^u !  
good or bad /ate ( 8 dige/ion4 ,*anges (
 foot1 9 su* a /ate1 c only be obta9$ by
 incl9+ ! horse v mu* to "o side1 :i*   
makes ! movem5t bo? difficult &         
ungraceful4  ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! animal
 is made submissive to a degree t he _c 

contract any "o ( 8 p>ts )\t !          
int]v5tion & aid ( ! rid]1 ! latt] c    
direct at 8 pleasure ! :ole ( 8 mov+    
p>ts1 &1 consequ5tly1 c easily &        
promptly execute *anges ( feet4  ,we "k 
! contraction ( any "o "p ( ! horse     
reacts on ! neck1 & t ! /iffness ( ?is  
"p prev5ts ! prop] execution ( e        
movem5t4 ,if1 !n1 at ! mom5t ( sett+ (f 
on a gallop1 ! horse /iff5s "o ( 8      
extremities1 & consequ5tly 8 neck1 ( :at
 use 9 det]m9+ him 9 />t+ ) ! "r foot c 
be ! support ( "o or ! o!r leg ( ! rid]1
 or ev5 ( t ( bo? at once8 ,^! means w  
evid5tly be ineffectual until we g back 
to ! s\rce ( ! resi/ance1 = ! purpose ( 
combat+ & de/roy+ x4 ,"h1 z 9 e o!r     
case1 we see t suppl5ess & lightness    
alone c make ! execution ( ! "w easy4   
,if1 :5 we wi% to make ! horse />t ) !  
"r foot1 a slight contraction ( "o "p ( 
! animal disposes him to />t ) ! left   
foot1 & we p]si/ 9 induc+ ! pace1 we mu/
 employ two =ces on ! same side1 viz43 !
 left leg & ! left h&2 ! fir/ to det]m9e

 ! movem5t1 ! second to combat ! contr>y
 disposition ( ! horse4  ,b :5 ! horse1 
p]fectly supple & ga!r$1 only br+s 8    
p>ts into play aft] ! impression giv5 !m
 by ! rid]1 ! latt]1 9 ord] to />t ) !  
"r foot1 ought to comb9e an opposition (
 =ces prop] = keep+ ! horse 9           
equilibrium1 :ile plac+ him 9 ! position
 requir$ = ! movem5t4 ,he w !n be> ! h& 
to ! left1 & press 8 "r leg4 ,"h we see 
t ! means m5tion$ above1 necess>y :5 !  
horse is n prop]ly plac$1 w\ld be wrong 
:5 ! animal is prop]ly plac$1 s9ce x    
w\ld de/roy ! h>mony !n exi/+ betwe5 8  
=ces4  ,?is %ort explanation w1 ,i hope1
 suffice to make x und]/ood t ?+s %\ld  
be /udi$ ?or\ghly be=e lay+ d[n any     
pr9ciples ( action4 ,let u h no m       
sy/ems1 !n1 ^u ! exclusive use ( su* or 
su* leg to det]m9e ! gallop2 b a settl$ 
conviction t ! fir/ condition ( ?is or  
any o!r p]=mance is to keep ! horse     
supple & light--t is rassemble2 !n1 aft]
 ?is1 to make use ( "o or ! o!r motive  
p[]1 accord+ z ! animal1 at ! />t1      

pres]ves a prop] position1 or seeks to  
leave x4 ,x mu/ also be und]/ood t1 :ile
 x is ! =ce t gives ! position to !     
horse1 x is position alone ^u :i* !     
regul>ity ( movem5t dep5ds4  ,pass+     
frequ5tly f ! gallop ) ! "r foot to t ) 
! left1 9 a /raight l9e1 & ) halts1 w   
soon br+ ! horse to make ^! *anges (    
feet by ! t\* )\t halt+4 ,viol5t effects
 ( =ce %\ld be avoid$1 :i* w\ld bewild] 
! horse & de/roy 8 lightness4 ,we mu/   
rememb] t ?is lightness :i* %\ld prec$e 
all *anges ( pace & direction1 & make e 
movem5t easy1 graceful & inevitable1 is 
! important condition we %\ld seek be=e 
ev]y?+ else4  ,x is because !y h n      
und]/ood ?is pr9ciple1 & h n felt t !   
fir/ condition to dispose a horse = !   
gallop is to de/roy all ! in/9ctive =ces
 ( ! animal 7=ces t oppose ! position ! 
movem5t dem&s71 t horsem5 h laid d[n s  
_m errone\s pr9ciples1 & h all rema9$   
unable to %[ u ! prop] means to be      
employ$4  ,( leap+ ! dit* & !           
b>4--,al?\gh ! comb9ations ( eque/rian  

sci5ce alone _c give to e horse ! en]gy 
& vigor necess>y to cle> a dit* or a b>1
 !re are1 nev]!less1 pr9ciples by ! aid 
( :i* we w succe$ 9 p>tly supply+ !     
defici5cies 9 ! natural =mation ( !     
animal4 ,by giv+ a good direction to !  
=ces1 we w facilitate ! rise & fre$om ( 
! b\nd4 ,i d n pret5d by ?is1 to say1 t 
a horse ( ord9>y capabilities w atta9 ! 
same height & elegance 9 ?is movem5t z  
"o t is well con/itut$1 b he w1 at lea/1
 be able to display 9 x all ! res\rces (
 8 organization to m purpose4  ,! great 
?+ is to br+ ! horse to attempt ?is     
p]=mance ) good w4 ,if all ! processes  
prescrib$ by me = ma/]+ ! in/9ctive =ces
 ( ! animal1 & putt+ him "u ! influ5ce (
 ours1 h be5 punctually foll[$1 !       
utility ( ?is progression w be recogniz$
 by ! facility we h ( mak+ ! horse cle> 
all ! objects t are enc\nt]$ 9 8 way4 ,=
 ! re/1 rec\rse mu/ nev] be _h1 9 case (
 a conte/1 to viol5t means1 su* z a :ip 
9 ! h&s ( a second p]son2 nor %\ld we   
seek to excite ! animal by cries2 ?is   

c\ld only produce a moral effect        
calculat$ to fright5 him4 ,x is by      
physical means t we %\ld be=e all br+   
him to ob$i5ce1 s9ce !y alone w enable  
him to und]/& & execute4 ,we %\ld !n    
c>ry on ! conte/ calmly1 & seek to      
surm\nt ! =ces t lead him to refuse1 by 
act+ directly on !m4 ,to make ! horse   
leap1 we w wait till he responds freely 
to ! legs & spur1 9 ord] to h always a  
sure means ( gov]nm5t4  ,! b> w rema9 on
 ! gr\nd until ! horse goes ov] x )\t   
hesitation2 x w !n be rais$ "s in*es1   
progressively increas+ ! height until ! 
animal w be j able to cle> x )\t too    
viol5t an ef=t4 ,to exce$ ?is prop]     
limit w\ld be to risk caus+ a disgu/ on 
! "p ( ! horse t %\ld be mo/ c>efully   
avoid$4 ,! b> hav+ be5 ?us gradually    
rais$1 ought to be made fa/1 9 ord] t ! 
horse1 dispos$ to be indol5t1 %\ld n    
make sport ( an ob/acle :i* w\ld be no  
long] s]i\s1 :5 ! t\* ( 8 feet suffic$  
to ov]turn x4 ,! b> ought n to be wrapp$
 9 any cov]+ t w\ld less5 its h>dness2  

we %\ld be sev]e :5 we dem&             
possibilities1 & avoid ! abuses t always
 result f an ill-devis$ complaisance4   
,be=e prep>+ to take ! leap1 ! rid] %\ld
 hold himself suffici5tly firm to prev5t
 8 body prec$+ ! motion ( ! horse4 ,8   
lo9s %\ld be supple1 8 buttocks well    
fix$ to ! saddle1 s t he may exp]i5ce no
 %ock nor viol5t reaction4 ,8 ?ighs &   
legs exactly envelop+ ! body & sides ( !
 horse w give him a p[] always opportune
 & infallible4 ,! h& 9 its natural      
position w feel ! horse's m\? 9 ord] to 
judge ( ! effects ( impulsion4 ,x is 9  
?is position t ! rid] %\ld conduct !    
horse t[>ds ! ob/acle2 if he comes up to
 x ) ! same fre$om ( pace1 a light      
opposition ( ! legs & h& w facilitate ! 
elevation ( ! =e-h&1 & ! b\nd ( !       
po/]ior extremity4 ,z soon z ! horse is 
rais$1 ! h& ceases its effect1 to be    
aga9 su/a9$ :5 ! =e legs t\* ! gr\nd1 & 
to prev5t !m giv+ way "u ! weight ( !   
body4  ,we %\ld cont5t ourselves )      
execut+ a few leaps 9 accordance ) !    

horse's p[]s1 &1 above all1 avoid pu%+  
bravado to ! po9t ( wi%+ to =ce ! animal
 to cle> ob/acles t are beyond 8 p[]s4  
,i h kn[n v good leap]s t p h succe$$ 9 
?us disgu/+ =ev]1 s t no ef=ts c\ld     
induce !m to cle> ?+s only half ! height
 ( ^? t at fir/ !y leap$ ) ease4  ,( !  
piaff]4,r--,until n[1 horsem5 h ma9ta9$ 
t ! nature ( ea* horse p]mits ( only a  
limit$ numb] ( movem5ts1 & t if !re are 
"s t c be br\ght to execute a piaff]    
high & elegant1 or l[ & precipitate1 !re
 are a great numb] ( !m to :om ?is      
ex]cise is = ev] int]dict$4 ,_!         
con/ruction1 !y say1 is oppos$ to x2 x  
is !n nature t has s will$ x2 ought we n
 to b[ be=e ?is supreme arbit]1 &       
respect its decrees8      ,r ,! piaff]  
is ! horse's rais+ 8 legs diagonally1   
z 9 ! trot1 b )\t advanc+ or            
rec$+4--,bau*]'s         ,dictionnaire  
d',equitation4  ,?is op9ion is und\bt$ly
 conv5i5t = ju/ify+ its own ignorance1 b
 x is none ! less false4 ,we c br+ all  
horses to piaff]1 & ,i w prove t 9 ?is  

p>ticul>ly1 )\t re=m+ ! "w ( nature1 )\t
 d]ang+ ! =mation ( ! bones1 or t ( !   
muscles ( ! animal1 we c rem$y !        
consequ5ces ( its physical imp]fections1
 & *ange ! vici\s disposition occasion$ 
by faulty con/ruction4 ,!re is no d\bt t
 ! horse ^: =ces & weight are collect$ 9
 "o ( 8 extremities w be unfit to       
execute ! elegant cad5ce ( ! piaff]4 ,b 
a graduat$ ex]cise1 ! completion ( :i*  
is ! rassembl]1 soon all[s u to rem$y   
su* an inconv5i5ce4 ,we c n[ reunite all
 ^! =ces 9 _! true c5tre ( gravity1 & ! 
horse t be>s ! rassembl] p]fectly has   
all ! necess>y qualifications = !       
piaff]4  ,= ! piaff] to be regul> &     
graceful1 x is necess>y t ! horse's     
legs1 mov$ diagonally1 rise toge!r &    
fall 9 ! same way ^u ! gr\nd at z long  
int]vals z possible4 ,! animal ought n  
to be> m ^u ! h& ?an ^u ! legs ( ! rid]1
 t 8 equilibrium may pres5t ! p]fection 
( t balance ( :i* ,i h spok5 9 ano!r    
place4 ,:5 ! c5tre ( ! =ces is ?us      
dispos$ 9 ! middle ( ! body1 & :5 !     

rassembl] is p]fect1 x is suffici5t1 9  
ord] to induce a comm5cem5t ( piaff]1 to
 communicate to ! horse ) ! legs a      
vibration at fir/ slight1 b (t5 repeat$4
 ,by vibration ,i mean an invigoration (
 =ces1 ( :i* ! rid] ought always to be !
 ag5t4  ,aft] ?is fir/ result1 ! horse w
 be put at a walk1 & ! rid]'s legs      
gradually br\ght close1 w give ! animal 
a slight increase ( action4 ,!n1 b only 
!n1 ! h& w su/a9 itself 9 "t ) ! legs1 &
 at ! same int]vals1 9 ord] t ^! two    
motive p[]s1 act+ conjo9tly1 may keep up
 a succession ( imp]ceptible movem5ts1 &
 produce a slight contraction :i* w     
spread itself ov] ! :ole body ( ! horse4
 ,?is reit]at$ activity w give !        
extremities a fir/ mobility1 :i* at !   
beg9n+ w be f> f regul>1 s9ce ! increase
 ( action t ?is new ex]cise makes       
necess>y w = ! mom5t break ! h>moni\s   
uni=mity ( ! =ces4 ,b ?is g5]al action  
is necess>y 9 ord] to obta9 ev5 an      
irregul> mobility1 = )\t x ! movem5t    
w\ld be disord]ly1 & !re w\ld be a want 

( h>mony among ! diff]5t spr+s4 ,we w   
cont5t ourselves1 = ! fir/ few days1 ) a
 comm5cem5t ( mobility ( ! extremities1 
be+ c>eful to /op ea* "t t ! horse      
raises or puts d[n 8 feet1 )\t advanc+  
!m too mu*1 9 ord] to c>ess him1 & speak
 to him1 & ?us calm ! invigoration t a  
dem&1 ! object ( :i* he does n und]/&1  
mu/ cause 9 him4 ,nev]!less1 ^! c>esses 
%\ld be employ$ ) disc]nm5t1 & :5 !     
horse has done well1 = if badly appli$  
!y w\ld be r injuri\s ?an useful4 ,! fit
 "t = ceas+ ) ! h&s & legs is m         
important /ill2 x dem&s all ! rid]'s    
att5tion4  ,! mobility ( ! legs once    
obta9$1 we c comm5ce to regulate x1 &   
fix ! int]vals ( ! cad5ce4 ,"h aga91 ,i 
seek 9 va9 to indicate ) ! p5 ! degree (
 delicacy necess>y 9 ! rid]'s proce$+s1 
s9ce 8 motions ought to be answ]$ by !  
horse ) an exactness & a propos t is    
unequal$4 ,x is by ! alt]nat$ support ( 
! two legs t he w succe$ 9 prolong+ !   
lat]al balanc+s ( ! horse's body1 9 su* 
way z to keep him long] on "o side or ! 

o!r4 ,he w seize ! mom5t :5 ! horse     
prep>es to re/ 8 =e leg on ! gr\nd1 to  
make ! pressure ( 8 own leg felt on !   
same side1 & add to ! incl9ation ( !    
animal 9 ! same direction4 ,if ?is "t is
 well seiz$1 ! horse w balance himself  
sl[ly1 & ! cad5ce w acquire t elevation 
s fit to br+ out all its elegance & all 
its maje/y4 ,^! times ( ! legs are      
difficult1 & require great practice2 b  
_! results are too spl5did = ! rid] n to
 /rive to seize ! light v>iations ( !m4 
,! precipitate movem5t ( ! rid]'s legs  
accel]ates also ! piaff]4 ,x is he1 !n1 
:o regulates at w ! great] or less      
degree ( quickness ( ! cad5ce4 ,!       
p]=mance ( ! piaff] is n elegant &      
p]fect until ! horse p]=ms x )\t        
repugnance1 :i* w always be ! case :5 ! 
=ces are kept toge!r1 & ! position is   
suitable to ! dem&s ( ! movem5t4 ,x is  
urg5t1 !n1 to be well acqua9t$ ) ! am\nt
 ( =ce necess>y = ! p]=mance ( ! piaff]1
 s z n to ov]do x4 ,we %\ld1 above all1 
be c>eful to keep ! horse rassemble1    

:i*1 ( itself1 w induce ! movem5t )\t   
ef=t4                     ,,*apt]       
,,viii4              ,,division ,,( ,,! 
,,"w4   ,i h develop$ all ! means to be 
employ$ 9 complet+ ! horse's education2 
x rema9s = me to say h[ ! horseman ought
 to divide 8 "w1 9 ord] to connect !    
diff]5t ex]cises & pass by degrees f !  
simple to ! complicat$4  ,two mon?s (   
"w1 consi/+ ( two lessons a day ( a half
 h\r ea*--t is to say1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty
 lessons--w be amply suffici5t to br+ ! 
gre5e/ horse to p]=m regul>ly all !     
prec$+ ex]cises4 ,i hold to two %ort    
lessons a day1 "o 9 ! morn+1 ! o!r 9 !  
aft]noon2 !y are necess>y to obta9 good 
results4  ,we disgu/ a "y horse by keep+
 him too long at ex]cises t fatigue him1
 ! m s z 8 intellig5ce is less prep>$ to
 und]/& :at we wi% to dem& ( him4 ,on ! 
o!r h&1 an int]val ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs is  
too long1 9 my op9ion1 = ! animal to    
rememb] ! next day :at he _h compreh5d$ 
! day be=e4  ,! g5]al "w w be divid$    
into five s]ies or lessons1 di/ribut$ 9 

! foll[+ ord]3  ,fir/ lesson4 ,eight    
days ( "w4--,! fir/ tw5ty m9utes ( ?is  
lesson w be devot$ to ! /ation>y ex]cise
 = ! flexions ( ! jaw & neck2 ! rid]    
fir/ on foot1 & !n on horseback1 w foll[
 ! progression ,i h previ\sly indicat$4 
,dur+ ! la/ t5 m9utes1 he w make ! horse
 g =w>d at a walk )\t try+ to animate   
him1 b apply+ himself all ! :ile to     
keep+ 8 head 9 ! position ( ram5]4 ,he w
 cont5t himself ) execut+ a s+le *ange (
 h&1 9 ord] to g z well to ! "r h& z to 
! left4 ,! f\r? or fif? day1 ! rid]1    
be=e putt+ 8 horse 9 motion1 w make him 
comm5ce "s slight flexions ( ! cr\p4    
,second lesson4 ,t5 days ( "w4--,! fir/ 
fifte5 m9utes w be occupi$ 9 ! /ation>y 
suppl+s1 compris+ ! flexions ( ! cr\p   
p]=m$ m completely ?an 9 ! prec$+       
lesson2 !n w beg9 ! back+4 ,we w devote 
! o!r half ( ! lesson to ! mov+ /raight 
ahead1 once or twice tak+ ! trot at a v 
mod]ate pace4 ,! rid] dur+ ?is second "p
 ( ! "w1 )\t ceas+ to pay att5tion to ! 
ram5]1 w yet comm5ce light oppositions (

 h&s & legs1 9 ord] to prep>e ! horse to
 be> ! comb9$ effects1 & to give        
regul>ity to 8 paces4 ,we w also comm5ce
 ! *anges ( direction at a walk1 :ile   
pres]v+ ! ram5]1 & be+ c>eful to make ! 
head & neck always g fir/4  ,?ird       
lesson4 ,twelve days ( "w4--,six or     
eight m9utes only w at fir/ be occupi$ 9
 ! /ation>y flexions2 ^? ( ! h9d-p>ts   
%\ld be pu%$ to ! completion ( ! rev]s$ 
pir\ettes4 ,we w cont9ue by ! back+2 !n 
all ! re/ ( ! lesson w be devot$ to     
p]fect+ ! walk & ! trot1 comm5c+ at ?is 
latt] pace ! *anges ( direction4 ,! rid]
 w (t5 /op ! horse1 & cont9ue to wat*   
att5tively ! ram5] dur+ ! *anges ( pace 
or direction4 ,he w also comm5ce !      
ex]cise de deux pi/es at a walk1 z well 
z ! rotation ( ! %\ld]s ar\nd ! haun*es4
  ,f\r? lesson4 ,fifte5 days (          
"w4--,aft] five m9utes be+ devot$ to !  
/ation>y suppl+s1 ! rid] w fir/ repeat  
all ! "w ( ! prec$+ lessons2 he w       
comm5ce1 ) a /eady foot1 ! attaques1,s 9
 ord] to confirm ! ram5] & prep>e !     

rassembl]4 ,he w r5ew ! attaques :ile 9 
motion1 & :5 ! horse be>s !m pati5tly1  
he w comm5ce ! gallop4 ,he w cont5t     
himself 9 ! comm5cem5t ) execut+ f\r or 
five lopes only be=e resum+ ! walk1 & !n
 />t aga9 ) a diff]5t foot1 unless !    
horse requires be+ ex]cis$ m (t5 on "o  
foot ?an ! o!r4 ,9 pass+ f ! gallop to !
 walk1 we %\ld wat* ) c>e t ! horse     
resumes ?is latt] pace z quickly z      
possible )\t tak+ %ort /eps on a trot1  
all ! :ile keep+ ! head & neck light4   
,he w only be ex]cis$ at ! gallop at !  
end ( ea* lesson4      ,s ,! use ( !    
spurs4  ,fif? lesson4 ,fifte5 days (    
"w4--,^! la/ fifte5 days w be occupi$ 9 
assur+ ! p]fect execution ( all ! prec$+
 "w1 & 9 p]fect+ ! pace ( ! gallop until
 we c execute easily *anges ( direction1
 *anges ( feet at e /ep1 & passag+4 ,we 
c !n ex]cise ! horse at leap+ ! b> & at 
! piaff]4 ,?us 9 two mon?s1 & ^u any    
horse1 we w h accompli%$ a "w t =m]ly   
requir$ ye>s1 & !n (t5 gave incomplete  
results4 ,& ,i repeat1 h[ev] insuffici5t

 s %ort a space ( "t may appe>1 x w     
produce ! effect ,i promise1 if y foll[ 
exactly all my directions4 ,i h         
demon/rat$ ?is ^u a hundr$ diff]5t      
occasions1 & _m ( my pupils are able to 
prove x z well z myself4  ,9 e/abli%+ ! 
above ord] ( "w1 be x well und]/ood t ,i
 f\nd myself on ! dispositions ( horses 
9 g5]al4 ,a horseman ( any tact w soon  
und]/& ! modifications t he ought to    
make 9 _! application1 accord+ to !     
p>ticul> nature ( 8 pupil4 ,su* a horse1
 = example1 w require m or less p]si/5ce
 9 ! flexions2 ano!r "o 9 ! back+2 ?is  
"o1 dull & apa!tic1 w require ! use ( ! 
spurs be=e ! "t ,i h indicat$4 ,all ?is 
is an affair ( intellig5ce2 x w\ld be to
 insult my read]s n to suppose !m       
capable ( supply+ to ! details :at x is 
else:]e impossible to p>ticul>ize4 ,y c 
readily und]/& t !re are irritable1     
ill-dispos$ horses1 ^: defective        
dispositions h be5 made worse by previ\s
 bad managem5t4 ,) su* subjects x is    
necess>y to put m p]si/5ce into !       

suppl+s & ! walk4 ,9 e case1 :atev] !   
slight modifications t ! diff]5ce 9 !   
dispositions ( ! subjects r5d] necess>y1
 ,i p]si/ 9 say+ t !re are no horses ^: 
education ought n to be complet$ by my  
me?od 9 ! space ,i designate4 ,i mean   
"h1 t ?is "t is suffici5t to give ! =ces
 ( ! horse ! fitness necess>y = execut+ 
all ! movem5ts2 ! f9i% ( education      
dep5ds f9ally on ! nicety ( t\* ( !     
rid]4 ,9 fact1 my me?od has ! advantages
 ( recogniz+ no limits to ! progress (  
equitation1 & !re is no p]=mance        
eque/rianly possible t a horseman :o    
und]/&s prop]ly apply+ my pr9ciples _c  
make 8 horse execute4 ,i am ab\t to give
 a conv9c+ pro( 9 support ( ?is         
ass]tion1 by expla9+ ! sixte5 new       
figures ( ! manege t ,i h add$ to !     
collection ( ! old ma/]s4               
,,*apt] ,,ix4      ,,application ,,( ,,!
 ,,prec$+ ,,pr9ciples ,,to ,,!          
,,p]=mance      ,,( ,,! ,,horses1       
,,p>tisan1 ,,capita9e1 ,,neptune1 ,,&   
,,buridan4   ,! p]sons :o sy/ematically 

d5i$ ! efficacy ( my me?od ought1       
necess>ily1 also to d5y ! results %[n to
 !m4 ,!y 7 =c$ to ackn[l$ge t my        
p]=mance at ! ,cirque-,olympique 0 new &
 extraord9>y1 b attribut$ x to causes1  
"s m /range ?an o!rs2 all ! :ile insi/+ 
t ! eque/rian tal5t ( ! rid] did n g =  
no?+ 9 ! exp]tness ( ! horse4 ,accord+  
to "s1 ,i 0 a second ,c>t]1 accu/om+ my 
horses to ob$i5ce by depriv+ !m ( sleep 
& food2 accord+ to o!rs1 ,i b\nd _! legs
 ) cords1 & ?us held !m susp5d$ to      
prep>e !m = a k9d ( puppet-%[2 "s 7 n f>
 f believ+ t ,i fasc9at$ !m by ! p[] (  
my looks4 ,f9ally1 a c]ta9 portion ( !  
public1 see+ ^! animals p]=m 9 "t to !  
s\nd ( ! *>m+ music ( "o ( my fri5ds1   
,m4 ,paul ,cuz5t1 insi/$ s]i\sly t !y   
und\bt$ly possess$1 9 a v great degree1 
! in/9ct ( melody1 & t !y w\ld /op %ort 
) ! cl>ionets & trombones4 ,s1 ! s\nd ( 
! music 0 m p[]ful ov] my horse ?an ,i 0
 myself6 ,! animal obey$ a d or a sol   
nicely t\*$2 b my legs & h&s w5t = no?+ 
9 _! effects4 ,w\ld x be believ$ t su*  

nons5se 0 utt]$ by p t pass$ = rid]s8 ,i
 c compreh5d _! n hav+ und]/ood my means
 at fir/1 s9ce my me?od 0 new2 b be=e   
judg+ x 9 s /range a mann]1 !y ought1 at
 lea/1 x seems to me1 to h s\ght to     
und]/& x4  ,i _h f\nd ! r\nd ( ord9>y   
feats ( horseman%ip too limit$1 s9ce x 0
 suffici5t to execute "o movem5t well to
 imm$iately practise ! o!rs ) ! same    
facility4 ,s1 x 0 prov$ to me t ! rid]  
:o pass$ ) precision along a /raight l9e
 sideways 7de deux pi/es7 at a walk1    
trot & gallop1 c\ld g 9 ! same way ) !  
head or ! cr\p to ! wall1 ) ! %\ld] 91  
p]=m ! ord9>y or rev]s$ volts1 ! *anges 
& c\nt]*anges ( h&s1 etc41 etc4 ,z to ! 
piaff]1 x 01 z ,i h said1 nature alone t
 settl$ ?is4 ,?is long & fa/idi\s       
p]=mance _h no o!r v>iations ?an !      
diff]5t titles ( ! movem5ts1 s9ce x 0   
suffici5t to vanqui% "o difficulty to be
 able to surm\nt all ! o!rs4 ,i !n      
creat$ new figures ( ! manege1 !        
execution ( :i* r5d]$ necess>y m        
suppl5ess1 m ensemble1 m f9i% 9 !       

education ( ! horse4 ,?is 0 easy to me )
 my sy/em2 & to conv9ce my adv]s>ies t  
!re 0 nei!r magic nor my/]y 9 my        
p]=mance at ! ,cirque1 ,i am go+ to     
expla9 by :at processes purely          
eque/rian1 & ev5 )\t hav+ rec\rse to    
pili]s1 cavessons or horse-:ips1 ,i h   
br\ght my horses to execute ! sixte5    
figures ( ! manege t appe> s            
extraord9>y4  #a4 ,in/antane\s flexion &
 support 9 ! air ( ei!r "o ( ! =e legs1 
:ile ! o!r ?ree legs rema9 fix$ to !    
gr\nd4  ,! means ( mak+ ! horse raise "o
 ( 8 =e legs is v simple1 z soon z !    
animal is p]fectly supple & rassemble4  
,to make him raise1 = example1 ! "r leg1
 x is suffici5t to incl9e 8 head        
slightly to ! "r1 :ile mak+ ! weight ( 8
 body fall ^u ! left side4 ,! rid]'s    
legs w be su/a9$ firmly 7! left a little
 m ?an ! "r71 t ! effect ( ! h& :i* br+s
 ! head to ! "r %\ld n react ^u !       
weight1 & t ! =ces :i* s]ve to fa/5 to !
 gr\nd ! ov]-weight$ "p may give !      
horse's "r leg en\gh action to make x   

rise f ! gr\nd4 ,by a repetition ( ?is  
ex]cise a few times1 y w succe$ 9 keep+ 
?is leg 9 ! air z long a "t z y wi%4    
#b4 ,mobility ( ! haun*es1 ! horse re/+ 
on 8 =e legs1 :ile 8 h9d legs balance   
!mselves alt]nately ! "o ov] ! o!r2 :5 !
 h9d leg :i* is rais$ f left to "r is   
mov$1 & is plac$ on ! gr\nd to become   
pivot 9 its turn1 ! o!r to be in/antly  
rais$ & to execute ! same movem5t4  ,!  
simple mobility ( ! haun*es is "o ( !   
ex]cises t ,i h po9t$ out = ! elem5t>y  
education ( ! horse4 ,we c complicate   
?is p]=mance by multiply+ ! alt]nate    
contact ( ! legs1 until we succe$ 9     
easily c>ry+ ! horse's cr\p1 "o leg ov] 
! o!r1 9 su* a way t ! movem5t f left to
 "r & f "r to left _c exce$ "o /ep4 ,?is
 ex]cise is good to give great nicety ( 
t\* to ! rid]1 & to prep>e ! horse to   
respond to ! lighte/ effects4  #c4      
,pass+ in/antly f ! sl[ piaff] to !     
precipitate piaff]1 & vice v]sa4  ,aft] 
hav+ br\ght ! horse to display great    
mobility ( ! legs1 we ought to regulate 

! movem5t ( !m4 ,x is by ! sl[ &        
alt]nat$ pressure ( 8 legs t ! rid] w   
obta9 ! sl[ piaff]4 ,he w make x        
precipitate by multiply+ ! contact4 ,bo?
 ^! piaff]s c be obta9$ f all horses2 b 
z ?is is among ! great difficulties1    
p]fect tact is indisp5sable4  #d4 ,to   
back ) an equal elevation ( ! transv]se 
legs1 :i* leave ! gr\nd & are plac$ aga9
 on x at ! same "t1 ! horse execut+ !   
movem5t ) z mu* fre$om & facility z if  
he 7 go+ =w>d1 & )\t app>5t aid f !     
rid]4  ,back+ is n new1 b x c]ta9ly is  
new ^u ! conditions t ,i lay d[n4 ,x is 
only by ! aid ( a complete suppl+ &     
ram5] t we succe$ 9 s susp5d+ ! horse's 
body t ! di/ribution ( ! weight is      
p]fectly regul> & ! extremities acquire 
en]gy & activity alike4 ,?is movem5t !n 
becomes z easy & graceful z x is pa9ful 
& devoid ( elegance :5 x is *ang$ into  
acculem5t4,t      ,t ,acculem5t & recul]
 h be5 previ\sly expla9$2         "o is 
! horse back+ falsely1 ! o!r back+      
correctly4         --,,translator4  #e4 

,simultane\s mobility ( ! two diagonal  
legs1 ! horse /ation>y4 ,aft] hav+ rais$
 ! two opposite legs1 he c>ries !m to ! 
re> to br+ !m back aga9 to ! place !y   
fir/ occupi$1 & recomm5ces ! same       
movem5t ) ! o!r diagonal4  ,! suppl+1 & 
hav+ got ! horse 9 h&1 make ?is movem5t 
easy4 ,:5 he no long] pres5ts any       
resi/ance1 he appreciates ! lighte/     
effects ( ! rid]1 int5d$ 9 ?is case to  
displace only ! lea/ possible quantity (
 =ces & weight necess>y to set 9 motion 
! opposite extremities4 ,by repeat+ ?is 
ex]cise1 x w 9 a little :ile be r5d]$   
famili> to ! horse4 ,! f9i% ( ! me*anism
 w soon give ! f9i% ( intellig5ce4  #f4 
,trot ) a su/a9$ ext5sion2 ! horse1 aft]
 hav+ rais$ 8 legs1 c>ries !m =w>d1     
su/a9+ !m an in/ant 9 ! air be=e replac+
 !m on ! gr\nd4  ,! processes t =m !    
basis ( my me?od reproduce !mselves 9   
ea* simple movem5t1 & ) /ill m reason 9 
! complicat$ ones4 ,if equilibrium is   
only obta9$ by lightness1 9 return !re  
is no lightness )\t equilibrium2 x is by

 ! union ( ^! two conditions t ! horse w
 acquire ! facility ( ext5d+ 8 trot to !
 f>!/ possible limits1 & w completely   
*ange 8 orig9al gait4  #g4 ,s]p5t9e     
trot1 ! horse turn+ to ! "r & to ! left1
 to return ne>ly to 8 />t+ po9t1 aft]   
hav+ made five or six /eps 9 ea*        
direction4  ,?is movem5t w pres5t no    
difficulty if we keep ! horse 9 h& :ile 
execut+ ! flexions ( ! neck at ! walk & 
trot2 y c readily see t su* a p]=mance  
is impossible )\t ?is condition4 ,! leg 
opposite to ! side t[>ds :i* ! neck     
turns ought always to be press$4  #h4   
,in/ant halt by ! aid ( ! spurs1 ! horse
 be+ at a gallop4  ,:5 ! horse1 be+     
p]fectly suppl$1 w prop]ly be> !        
attaques & ! rassembl]1 he w be fit to  
execute ! halt ^u ! above conditions4 ,9
 ! application ( ?is we w />t ) a sl[   
gallop1 9 ord] to g on successively to !
 greate/ spe$4 ,! legs prec$+ ! h&1 w   
br+ ! horse's h9d legs "u ! middle ( 8  
body1 !n a prompt effect ( ! h&1 by fix+
 !m 9 ?is position1 w imm$iately /op !  

b\nd4 ,by ?is means we sp>e ! horse's   
organization1 :i* c ?us be always kept  
free f blemi%4  #i4 ,cont9u$ mobility or
 paw+1 :ile /ation>y1 ( "o ( ! horse's  
=e legs2 ! horse1 at ! rid]'s w1 execut+
 ! movem5t by :i* he1 ( 8 own accord1   
(t5 manife/s 8 impati5ce4  ,?is movem5t 
w be obta9$ by ! same process t s]ves to
 keep ! horse's leg 9 ! air4 ,9 ! latt] 
case1 ! rid]'s legs mu/ impress a       
cont9u$ support1 9 ord] t ! =ce :i*     
holds ! horse's leg rais$ keep up its   
effect2 :ile1 = ! movem5t n[ 9 "q1 we   
mu/ r5ew ! action by a quantity ( slight
 pressures1 9 ord] to cause ! motion ( !
 leg held up 9 ! air4 ,?is extremity ( !
 horse w soon acquire a movem5t         
subord9ate to t ( ! rid]'s legs1 & if ! 
"t is well seiz$1 x w seem1 s to say1 t 
we make ! animal move by ! aid (        
me*anical means4  #aj4 ,to trot         
backw>ds1 ! horse pres]v+ ! same cad5ce 
& ! same /ep z 9 ! trot =w>ds4  ,! fir/ 
condition1 9 ord] to obta9 ! trot       
backw>ds1 is to keep ! horse 9 a p]fect 

cad5ce & z rassemble z possible4 ,!     
second is all 9 ! proce$+s ( ! rid]4 ,he
 ought to seek ins5sibly by ! comb9$    
effects to make ! =ces ( ! =e-h& exce$  
^? ( ! h9d-p>ts1 )\t affect+ ! h>mony ( 
! movem5t4 ,?us we see t by ! rassembl] 
we w successively obta9 ! piaff]        
/ation>y1 & ! piaff] backw>ds1 ev5 )\t !
 aid ( ! re9s4  #aa4 ,to gallop         
backw>ds1 ! "t be+ ! same z 9 ! ord9>y  
gallop2 b ! =e legs once rais$1 9 place 
( com+ to ! gr\nd1 are c>ri$ backw>ds1 t
 ! h9d-p>ts may execute ! same backw>d  
movem5t z soon z ! =e-feet are plac$ on 
! gr\nd4  ,! pr9ciple is ! same z = !   
prec$+ p]=mance2 ) a p]fect rassembl]1 !
 h9d legs w f9d !mselves s br\ght "u !  
c5tre1 t by rais+ ! =e-h&1 ! movem5t ( !
 hocks c only be an upw>d "o4 ,?is      
p]=mance1 ?\gh easily execut$ ) a p[]ful
 horse1 ought n to be attempt$ ) "o n   
possess+ ?is quality4  #ab4 ,*ang+ feet 
e /ep1 ea* "t ( ! gallop be+ done on a  
diff]5t leg4  ,9 ord] to practise ?is   
difficult p]=mance1 ! horse ought to be 

accu/om$ to execute p]fectly1 & z       
frequ5tly z possible1 *ang+ feet at !   
t\*4 ,be=e attempt+ ^! *anges ( feet e  
/ep1 we ought to h br\ght him to execute
 ?is movem5t at e o!r /ep4 ,ev]y?+      
dep5ds ^u 8 aptness1 & above all1 on !  
intellig5ce ( ! rid]2 ) ?is latt]       
quality1 !re is no ob/acle t is n to be 
surm\nt$4 ,to execute ?is p]=mance ) !  
desirable degree ( precision1 ! horse   
%\ld rema9 light1 & pres]ve ! same      
degree ( action2 ! rid]1 on 8 "p1 %\ld  
also avoid r\ghly incl9+ ! horse's =e-h&
 to "o side or ! o!r4  #ac4 ,ord9>y     
pir\ettes on ?ree legs1 ! =e leg on !   
side t[>ds :i* we are turn+3 rema9+ 9 ! 
air dur+ ! :ole "t ( ! movem5t4  ,ord9>y
 pir\ettes %\ld be famili> to a horse   
brok5 aft] my me?od1 & ,i h above %[n ! 
means to make him hold up "o ( 8 =e     
feet4 ,if ^! two movem5ts are well      
execut$ sep>ately1 x w be easy to       
connect !m 9 a s+le p]=mance4 ,aft] hav+
 dispos$ ! horse = ! pir\ette1 we w     
prep>e ! mass 9 su* a way z to raise !  

=e leg2 ?is once 9 ! air1 we w ?r[ !    
weight on ! "p opposite to ! side t[>ds 
:i* we wi% to turn1 by be>+ ^u ?is "p ) 
! h& & leg4 ,! leg ( ! rid] plac$ on !  
conv]g+ side1 w only act d>+ ?is "t s z 
to c>ry ! =ces =w>d1 9 ord] to prev5t ! 
h& produc+ a retrograde effect4  #ad4   
,to back ) a halt at ea* /ep1 ! "r leg (
 ! horse rema9+ 9 front motionless &    
held out at ! full di/ance t ! left leg 
has pass$ ov]1 & vice v]sa4  ,?is       
movem5t dep5ds ^u ! nicety ( t\* ( !    
rid]1 z x results f an effect ( =ces    
impossible to specify4 ,?\gh ?is        
p]=mance is n v graceful1 ! exp]i5c$    
rid] w d well to (t5 practise x1 9 ord] 
to le>n to modify ! effects ( =ces1 &   
acquire all ! niceties ( 8 art 9        
p]fection4  #ae4 ,regul> piaff] ) an    
in/ant halt on ?ree legs1 ! f\r? rema9+ 
9 ! air4  ,"h1 also1 z = ! ord9>y       
pir\ettes ^u ?ree legs1 x is by ex]cis+ 
! piaff] & ! flexion ( "o leg sep>ately1
 t we w succe$ 9 unit+ ! two movem5ts 9 
"o4 ,we w int]rupt ! piaff] by arre/+ ! 

contraction ( ?ree ( ! legs s z to leave
 x 9 "o only4 ,x is suffici5t1 !n1 9    
ord] to accu/om ! horse to ?is p]=mance1
 to /op him :ile he is piaff+1 by =c+   
him to contract "o ( 8 legs4  #af4      
,*ange ( feet e "t at equal int]vals1 ! 
horse rema9+ 9 ! same place4  ,?is      
movem5t is obta9$ by ! same proce$+s z  
are employ$ = *ang+ feet e "t :ile      
advanc+2 only x is mu* m complicat$1    
s9ce we mu/ give an exact impulsion     
suffici5tly /rong to det]m9e ! movem5t (
 ! legs )\t ! body advanc+4 ,?is movem5t
 consequ5tly dem&s a great deal ( tact  
on ! rid]'s "p1 & _c be practis$ except 
on a p]fectly brok5 horse1 b brok5 z ,i 
und]/& x4  ,su* is ! vocabul>y ( ! new  
figures ( ! manege t ,i h creat$1 & s   
(t5 execut$ be=e ! public4 ,z y see1 ?is
 p]=mance1 :i* appe>$ s extraord9>y t p 
w\ld n believe x belong$ to             
eque/rianism1 becomes v simple &        
compreh5sible z soon z y h /udi$ !      
pr9ciples ( my me?od4 ,!re is n "o ( ^! 
movem5ts 9 :i* is n discov]$ !          

application ( ! precepts ,i h develop$ 9
 ?is book4  ,b1 ,i repeat1 if ,i h      
enri*$ equitation ) a new & int]e/+ "w1 
,i d n pret5d to h atta9$ ! f>!/ limits 
( ! art2 & "o may come aft] me1 :o1 if  
he w /udy my sy/em & practise x )       
intellig5ce1 w be able to pass me on !  
c\rse1 & add some?+ yet to ! results ,i 
h obta9$4                               
,,*apt] ,x4          ,,succ9ct          
,,exposition ,,( ,,! ,,me?od ,,by       
,,que/ions                           ,,&
 ,,answ]s4   ,"q4 ,:at d y und]/& by    
=ce8  ,answ]4 ,! motive p[] :i* results 
f muscul> contraction4  ,q4 ,:at d y    
und]/& by in/9ctive =ces8  ,a4 ,^? :i*  
come f ! horse--t is to say1 ( :i* he   
himself det]m9es ! employm5t4  ,q4 ,:at 
d y und]/& by transmitt$ =ces8  ,a4 ,^? 
:i* emanate f ! rid]1 & are imm$iately  
appreciat$ by ! horse4  ,q4 ,:at d y    
und]/& by resi/ances8  ,a4 ,! =ce :i* ! 
horse pres5ts1 & ) :i* he seeks to      
e/abli% a /ruggle to 8 advantage4  ,q4  
,ought we fir/ to set to "w to annul !  

=ces ! horse pres5ts = resi/ance1 be=e  
dem&+ any o!r movem5ts ( him8  ,a4 ,)\t 
d\bt1 z !n ! =ce ( ! rid]1 :i* %\ld     
displace ! weight ( ! mass1 f9d+ itself 
absorb$ by an equival5t resi/ance1 e    
movem5t becomes impossible4  ,q4 ,by :at
 means c we combat ! resi/ances8  ,a4   
,by ! me?odical & sep>ate suppl+ ( !    
jaw1 ! neck1 ! haun*es1 & ! lo9s4  ,q4  
,:at is ! use ( ! flexions ( ! jaw8  ,a4
 ,z x is ^u ! l[] jaw t ! effects ( !   
rid]'s h& are fir/ felt1 ^! w be null or
 incomplete if ! jaw is contract$ or    
clos$ aga9/ ! upp] "o4 ,besides1 z 9 ?is
 case ! displac+ ( ! horse's body is    
only obta9$ ) difficulty1 ! movem5ts    
result+ !refrom w also be pa9ful4  ,q4  
,is x en\gh t ! horse *amp 8 bit = !    
flexion ( 8 jaw to leave no?+ m to wi%  
=8  ,a4 ,no1 x is also necess>y t !     
horse let g ( ! bit--t is to say1 t he  
%\ld sep>ate 7at our w7 8 jaws z mu* z  
possible4  ,q4 ,c all horses h ?is      
mobility ( jaw8  ,a4 ,all )\t exception1
 if we foll[ ! gradation po9t$ out1 & if

 ! rid] does n all[ himself to be       
deceiv$ by ! flexion ( ! neck4 ,useful z
 ?is is1 x w\ld be insuffici5t )\t !    
play ( ! jaw4  ,q4 ,9 ! direct flexion (
 ! jaw1 ought we to give a t5sion to !  
curb-re9s & ^? ( ! snaffle at ! same "t8
  ,a4 ,no1 we mu/ make ! snaffle prec$e 
7! h& be+ plac$ z indicat$ 9 ,plate ,no4
 ,,iii471 until ! head & neck are l[]$2 
aft]w>ds ! pressure ( ! bit1 9 "t ) !   
snaffle1 w promptly make ! jaws op54    
,q4 ,ought we (t5 to repeat ?is ex]cise8
  ,a4 ,x %\ld be cont9u$ until ! jaws   
sep>ate by a light pressure ( ! bit or  
snaffle4  ,q4 ,:y is ! /iffness ( ! neck
 s p[]ful an ob/acle to ! education ( ! 
horse8  ,a4 ,because x absorbs to its   
pr(it ! =ce :i* ! rid] seeks 9 va9 to   
transmit ?r\gh\t ! :ole mass4  ,q4 ,c ! 
haun*es be suppl$ sep>ately8  ,a4       
,c]ta9ly !y c2 & ?is ex]cise is compris$
 9 :at is call$ /ation>y ex]cise4  ,q4  
,:at is its useful object8  ,a4 ,to     
prev5t ! bad effects result+ f !        
in/9ctive =ces ( ! horse1 & to make him 

appreciate ! =ces transmitt$ by ! rid]  
)\t oppos+ !m4  ,q4 ,c ! horse execute a
 movem5t )\t a %ift+ ( weight8  ,a4 ,x  
is impossible4 ,we mu/ fir/ seek to make
 ! horse take a position :i* causes su* 
a v>iation 9 8 equilibrium t ! movem5t  
may be a natural consequ5ce ( x4  ,q4   
,:at d y und]/& by position8  ,a4 ,an   
arrangem5t ( ! head1 neck & body1       
previ\sly dispos$ accord+ to ! movem5ts 
( ! horse4  ,q4 ,9 :at consi/s ! ram5]8 
,a4 ,9 ! p]p5dicul> position ( ! head1 &
 ! lightness t accompanies x4  ,q4 ,:at 
is ! di/ribution ( ! =ces & weight 9 !  
ram5]8  ,a4 ,! =ces & weight are equally
 di/ribut$ ?r\gh all ! mass4  ,q4 ,h[ d 
we address ! intellig5ce ( ! horse8  ,a4
 ,by ! position1 because x is t :i*     
makes ! horse "k ! rid]'s int5tions4    
,q4 ,:y is x necess>y t 9 ! backw>d     
movem5ts ( ! horse1 ! legs ( ! rid]     
prec$e ! h&8  ,a4 ,because we mu/       
displace ! po9ts ( support be=e plac+ ^u
 !m ! mass t !y mu/ su/a94  ,q4 ,is x ! 
rid] t det]m9es 8 horse8  ,a4 ,no4 ,!   

rid] gives action & position1 :i* are ! 
language2 ! horse answ]s ?is dem& by !  
*ange ( pace or direction t ! rid] _h   
int5d$4  ,q4 ,is x to ! rid] or to !    
horse t we ought to impute ! fault ( bad
 execution8  ,a4 ,to ! rid]1 & always to
 ! rid]4 ,z x dep5ds ^u him to supple & 
place ! horse 9 ! way ( ! movem5t1 & z )
 ^! two conditions fai?fully fulfill$1  
ev]y?+ becomes regul>1 x is !n to ! rid]
 t ! m]it or blame ought to belong4  ,q4
 ,:at k9d ( bit is suitable = a horse8  
,a4 ,an easy bit4  ,q4 ,:y is an easy   
bit necess>y = all horses1 :atev] may be
 _! resi/ance8  ,a4 ,because ! effect ( 
a sev]e bit is to con/ra9 & surprise a  
horse1 :ile x ought to prev5t him f do+ 
wrong & enable him to d well4 ,n[1 we _c
 obta9 ^! results except by ! aid ( an  
easy bit1 & above all1 ( a skillful h&2 
= ! bit is ! h&1 & a good h& is ! :ole (
 ! rid]4  ,q4 ,are !re any o!r          
inconv5i5ces connect$ ) ! in/rum5ts (   
torture call$ sev]e bits8  ,a4 ,c]ta9ly 
!re are1 = ! horse soon le>ns to avoid !

 pa9ful infliction ( !m by =c+ ! rid]'s 
legs1 ! p[] ( :i* c nev] be equal to t (
 ?is b>b>\s bit4 ,he succe$s 9 ?is by   
yield+ ) 8 body1 & resi/+ ) 8 neck &    
jaw1 :i* misses altoge!r ! aim propos$4 
,q4 ,h[ is x t ne>ly all ! horsem5 (    
r5[n h inv5t$ a p>ticul> k9d ( bit8  ,a4
 ,because be+ want+ 9 p]sonal sci5ce1 !y
 s\ght to replace _! own insuffici5cy by
 aids or /range ma*9es4  ,q4 ,c ! horse1
 p]fectly 9 h&1 def5d himself8  ,a4 ,no2
 = ! j di/ribution ( weight t ?is       
position gives supposes a great         
regul>ity ( movem5t1 & x w\ld be        
necess>y to ov]turn ?is ord] t any act (
 rebellion on ! "p ( ! horse %\ld take  
place4  ,q4 ,:at is ! use ( ! snaffle8  
,a4 ,! snaffle s]ves to combat ! oppos+ 
=ces 7lat]al7 ( ! neck1 to make ! head  
prec$e 9 all ! *anges ( direction1 :ile 
! horse is n yet famili>iz$ ) ! effects 
( ! bit2 x s]ves also to arrange ! head 
& neck 9 a p]fectly /raight l9e4  ,q4 ,9
 ord] to obta9 ! ram5]1 %\ld we make !  
legs prec$e ! h& or ! h& ! legs8  ,a4 ,!

 h&s ought to prec$e until !y h produc$ 
! effect ( giv+ great suppl5ess to !    
neck 7?is ought to be practis$ 9 !      
/ation>y ex]cises72 !n come ! legs 9 _! 
turn to comb9e ! h9d & =e-p>ts 9 !      
movem5t4 ,! cont9ual lightness ( ! horse
 at all paces w be ! result ( x4  ,q4   
,ought ! legs & ! h&s to aid "o ano!r or
 act sep>ately8  ,a4 ,"o ( ^!           
extremities ought always to h ! o!r =   
auxili>y4  ,q4 ,ought we to leave !     
horse a long "t at ! same pace 9 ord] to
 develop 8 p[]s8  ,a4 ,x is useless1    
s9ce ! regul>ity ( movem5ts results f ! 
regul>ity ( ! positions2 ! horse t makes
 fifty /eps at a trot regul>ly is mu*   
fur!r advanc$ 9 8 education ?an if he   
made a ?\s& 9 a bad position4 ,we mu/ !n
 att5d to 8 position1 t is to say1 8    
lightness4  ,q4 ,9 :at proportions ought
 we to use ! =ce ( ! horse8  ,a4 ,?is _c
 be def9$1 s9ce ^! =ces v>y 9 diff]5t   
subjects2 b we %\ld be sp>+ ( !m1 & n   
exp5d !m )\t circumspection1 p>ticul>ly 
dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 education4 ,x is on ?is

 acc\nt t we mu/1 s to say1 create = !m 
a res]voir t ! horse may n absorb !m    
uselessly1 & t ! rid] may make a        
pr(itable & m la/+ use ( !m4  ,q4 ,:at  
good w !re result to ! horse f ?is      
judici\s employm5t ( 8 =ces8  ,a4 ,z we 
w only make use ( =ces useful = c]ta9   
movem5ts1 fatigue or exhau/ion c only   
result f ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* ! animal w
 rema9 at an accel]at$ pace1 & w n be ! 
effect ( an excessive muscul>           
contraction :i* w\ld pres]ve its        
int5sity1 ev5 at a mod]ate pace4  ,q4   
,:5 %\ld we fir/ und]take to make !     
horse back8  ,a4 ,aft] ! suppl+ ( ! neck
 & haun*es4  ,q4 ,:y %\ld ! suppl+ ( !  
haun*es prec$e t ( ! lo9s 7! recul]78   
,a4 ,to keep ! horse m easily 9 a       
/raight l9e & to r5d] ! fl[+ back & =w>d
 ( ! weight m easy4  ,q4 ,ought ^! fir/ 
retrograde movem5ts ( ! horse to be     
prolong$ dur+ ! fir/ lessons8  ,a4 ,no4 
,z _! only object is to annul !         
in/9ctive =ces ( ! horse1 we mu/ wait   
till he is p]fectly 9 h& to obta9 a     

backw>d movem5t1 a true recul]4  ,q4    
,:at con/itutes a true recul]8  ,a4 ,!  
lightness ( ! horse 7head p]p5dicul>71 !
 exact balance ( 8 body1 & ! elevation  
to ! same height ( ! legs diagonally4   
,q4 ,at :at di/ance ought ! spur to be  
plac$ f ! horse's flanks be=e ! attaque 
comm5ces8  ,a4 ,! r[el %\ld n be f>!r   
?an two in*es f ! horse's flanks4  ,q4  
,h[ ought ! attaques to be practis$8    
,a4 ,!y ought to rea* ! flanks by a     
movem5t l ! /roke ( a lancet1 & be tak5 
away z quickly4  ,q4 ,are !re           
circum/ances :]e ! attaque ought to be  
practis$ )\t ! aid ( ! h&8  ,a4 ,nev]2  
s9ce its only object %\ld be to give !  
impulsion :i* s]ves = ! h& to conta9    
7r5f]m]7 ! horse4  ,q4 ,is x ! attaques 
!mselves t *a/ise ! horse8  ,a4 ,no4 ,! 
*a/isem5t is 9 ! conta9$ position t !   
attaques & ! h& make ! horse assume4 ,z 
! latt] !n f9ds himself 9 a position :]e
 x is impossible to make use ( any ( 8  
=ces1 ! *a/isem5t has all its effici5cy4
  ,q4 ,9 :at consi/s ! diff]5ce betwe5 !

 attaques practis$ aft] ! old pr9ciples1
 & ^? :i* ! new me?od prescrib$8  ,a4   
,our pr$ecessors 7t we %\ld v5]ate7     
practis$ spurr+ 9 ord] to ?r[ ! horse   
out ( himself2 ! new me?od makes use ( x
 to conta9 him2 t is1 to give him t fir/
 position :i* is ! "m ( all ! o!rs4  ,q4
 ,:at are ! functions ( ! legs dur+ !   
attaques8  ,a4 ,! legs ought to rema9   
adh]5t to ! horse's flanks & 9 no       
respect to p>take ( ! movem5ts ( ! feet4
  ,q4 ,at :at mom5t ought we to comm5ce 
! attaques8  ,a4 ,:5 ! horse supports   
peaceably a /rong pressure ( ! legs )\t 
gett+ out ( h&4  ,q4 ,:y does a horse1  
p]fectly 9 h&1 be> ! spur )\t becom+    
excit$1 & ev5 )\t sudd5 movem5t8  ,a4   
,because ! skillful h& ( ! rid]1 hav+   
prev5t$ all displac+s ( ! head1 nev]    
lets ! =ces escape outw>ds2 x           
conc5trates !m by fix+ !m4 ,! equal     
/ruggle ( ! =ces1 or if y pref] x1 _!   
ensemble1 suffici5tly expla9s ! app>5t  
dullness ( ! horse 9 ?is case4  ,q4 ,is 
x n to be fe>$ t ! horse may become     

ins5sible to ! legs & lose all t        
activity necess>y = accel]at$ movem5ts8 
,a4 ,al?\gh ?is is ! op9ion ( ne>ly all 
! p :o talk ( ?is me?od )\t und]/&+ x1  
!re is no?+ 9 x4 ,s9ce all ^! means s]ve
 only to keep ! horse 9 ! mo/ p]fect    
equilibrium1 promptness ( movem5t ought 
necess>ily to be ! result ( x1 &1       
consequ5tly1 ! horse w be dispos$ to    
respond to ! progressive contact ( !    
legs1 :5 ! h& does n oppose x4  ,q4 ,h[ 
c we judge :e!r an attaque is regul>8   
,a4 ,:51 f> f mak+ ! horse get out ( h&1
 x makes him come into x4  ,q4 ,h[ ought
 ! h& to be support$ at ! mom5ts (      
resi/ance on ! "p ( ! horse8  ,a4 ,! h& 
ought to /op1 fix itself1 & only be     
drawn suffici5tly t[>ds ! body to give !
 re9s a ?ree-qu>t] t5sion4 ,9 ! contr>y 
case1 we mu/ wait till ! horse be>s ^u !
 h& to pres5t ?is insurm\ntable b>ri] to
 him4  ,q4 ,:at w\ld be ! inconv5i5ce ( 
increas+ ! pressure ( ! bit by draw+ !  
h& t[>ds ! body 9 ord] to slack5 ! horse
 9 8 paces by gett+ him 9 h&8  ,a4 ,x   

w\ld n produce an effect ^u a p>ticul>  
"p1 b w\ld act g5]ally ^u all ! =ces1 9 
displac+ ! weight in/ead ( annull+ ! =ce
 ( impulsion4 ,we %\ld n wi% to incl9e  
to "o side :at we _c /op4  ,q4 ,9 :at   
case ought we to make use ( ! cavesson1 
& :at is its use8  ,a4 ,we %\ld make use
 ( x :5 ! faulty con/ruction ( ! horse  
leads him to def5d himself1 :5 only     
simple movem5ts are dem&$ ( him4 ,x is  
also useful to use ! cavesson ) re/ive  
horses1 z its object is to act ^u !     
moral1 :ile ! rid] acts ^u ! physical4  
,q4 ,h[ ought we to make use ( !        
cavesson8  ,a4 ,at fir/1 ! longe ( !    
cavesson %\ld be held at f fifte5 or    
tw5ty in*es f ! horse's head1 held out &
 support$ ) a /iff wri/4 ,we mu/ wat* ! 
prop] times to dim9i% or increase ! be>+
 ( ! cavesson ^u ! horse's nose1 s z to 
use x z an aid4 ,all vici\sness t leads 
him to act badly is to be repress$ by   
little j]ks1 :i* %\ld be giv5 at ! v    
mom5t ( def5se4 ,z soon z ! rid]'s      
movem5ts beg9 to be appreciat$ by !     

horse1 ! longe ( ! cavesson ought no    
long] to act2 at ! end ( a few days !   
horse w only ne$ ! bit1 to :i* he w     
respond )\t hesitation4  ,q4 ,9 :at case
 is ! rid] less intellig5t ?an ! horse8 
,a4 ,:5 ! latt] subjects him to 8       
caprices1 & does :at he wi%es ) him4    
,q4 ,are ! def5ses ( ! horse physical or
 moral8  ,a4 ,at fir/ !y are physical1 b
 aft]w>ds become moral2 ! rid] ought !n 
to seek out ! causes t produce !m1 &    
endeavor1 by a prep>atory ex]cise1 to   
re-e/abli% ! correct equilibrium t a bad
 natural =mation prev5t$4  ,q4 ,c !     
naturally well-balanc$ horse def5d      
himself8  ,a4 ,x w\ld be z difficult = a
 subject unit+ all t con/itutes a good  
horse to give himself up to disord]ly   
movem5ts1 z x is impossible = ! "o t has
 n receiv$ ! l gifts f nature1 to h     
regul> movem5ts1 if art did n l5d him   
its aid4  ,q4 ,:at d y mean by          
rassembl]8  ,a4 ,! reunion ( =ces at !  
c5tre ( gravity4  ,q4 ,c we rassembl] ! 
horse t does n conta9 himself "u !      

attaques8  ,a4 ,?is is altoge!r         
impossible2 ! legs w\ld be insuffici5t  
to c\nt]balance ! effects ( ! h&4  ,q4  
,at :at "t ought we to rassembl] !      
horse8  ,a4 ,:5 ! ram5] is complete4    
,q4 ,( :at s]vice is ! rassembl]8  ,a4  
,to obta9 )\t difficulty ev]y?+ ( a     
complicat$ nature 9 horseman%ip4  ,q4 ,9
 :at does ! piaff] consi/8  ,a4 ,9 !    
graceful position ( ! body & ! h>moniz$ 
precision ( movem5t ( ! legs & feet4    
,q4 ,is !re m ?an "o k9d ( piaff]8  ,a4 
,two2 ! sl[ & ! precipitate4  ,q4 ,:i*  
is to be pref]r$ ( ^! two8  ,a4 ,! sl[  
piaff]1 s9ce x is only :5 ?is is obta9$ 
t ! equilibrium is p]fect4  ,q4 ,ought  
we to make a horse piaffe :o w n be> !  
rassembl]8  ,a4 ,no2 = t w\ld be to /ep 
out ( ! logical gradation t alone c give
 c]ta9 results4 ,besides1 ! horse t has 
n be5 br\ght =w>d by ?is *a9 ( pr9ciples
 w\ld only execute ) tr\ble &           
ungracefully :at he ought to accompli% )
 pleasure & nobly4  ,q4 ,are all rid]s  
alike suit$ to conqu] all ! difficulties

 & seize all ! effects ( t\*8  ,a4 ,z 9 
horseman%ip1 intellig5ce is ! />t+ po9t 
= obta9+ e result1 ev]y?+ is subord9ate 
to ?is innate disposition2 b e rid] w h 
! p[] to break 8 horse to an ext5t      
comm5surate ) 8 own abilities to        
in/ruct4                                
,,conclusion4   ,ev]ybody compla9s      
n[-a-days ( ! deg5]ation ( our bre$s (  
horses4 ,appreh5sive too late ( a /ate (
 ?+s :i* ?reat5s ev5 ! national         
indep5d5ce1,u patriotic spirits are     
seek+ to g back to ! s\rce ( ! evil1 &  
are arrang+ div]s sy/ems = rem$y+ x z   
soon z possible4 ,among ! causes :i* h  
contribut$ ! mo/ to ! loss ( our old    
bre$s1 !y =get1 x seems to me1 to m5tion
 ! decl9e ( horseman%ip1 nor d !y       
consid] t ! revival ( ?is art is        
indisp5sable 9 br++ ab\t ! reg5]ation ( 
! horse4      ,u ,mu* 9 ?is *apt]1 ?\gh 
writt5 = ,france1 applies         )     
great appropriat5ess to our own c\ntry4 
,! difficulties ( horseman%ip h long be5
 ! same1 b =m]ly con/ant practice1 if n 

ta/e1 kept x up2 ^! /imulants exi/ no   
long]4 ,fifty ye>s ago1 e man ( rank 0  
expect$ to be able to h&le a horse )    
skill1 & break "o if necess>y4 ,?is /udy
 0 an indisp5sable "p ( ! education ( "y
 p ( family2 & z x oblig$ !m to devote  
two or ?ree ye>s to ! r\gh ex]cises ( ! 
manege1 9 ! end !y all became horsem51  
"s by ta/e1 ! re/ by habit4 ,^! habits  
once acquir$ 7 pres]v$ ?r\gh\t life2 !y 
!n felt ! necessity ( possess+ good     
horses1 & m5 ( =tune sp>$ no?+ 9 gett+  
!m4 ,! sale ( f9e horses ?us became     
easy2 all ga9$ by x1 ! bre$] z well z ! 
horse4 ,x is n s n[2 ! ari/ocracy (     
=tune1 succe$+ to t ( bir?1 is v will+  
to possess ! advantages ( ! latt]1 b    
w\ld disp5se ) ! on]\s obligations :i*  
app]ta9$ to an elevat$ rank4 ,! desire (
 %[+ (f 9 public places1 or motives /ill
 m frivol\s1 sometimes lead g5tlem5 (   
our times to comm5ce ! /udy (           
horseman%ip1 b1 soon we>i$ ( a "w )\t   
satisfactory results1 !y f9d only a     
monoton\s fatigue :]e !y s\ght a        

pleasure1 & are satisfi$ !y "k en\gh z  
soon z !y c /ick passably well 9 !      
saddle4 ,s insuffici5t a k (            
horseman%ip1 z dang]\s z x is ?\ghtless1
 mu/ necess>ily occasion sad accid5ts4  
,!y !n become disgu/$ ) horseman%ip &   
horses1 & z no?+ obliges !m to cont9ue !
 ex]cise1 !y give x up ne>ly altoge!r1 &
 s mu* ! m easily z !y naturally c>e v  
little ab\t ! bre$s ( horses & _!       
p]fection4 ,we mu/ !n1 z a prelim9>y    
measure 9 ! improvem5t ( horses1 raise  
up horseman%ip f ! l[ /ate into :i* x   
has fall54 ,! gov]nm5t c und\bt$ly d mu*
 "h2 b x is = ! ma/]s ( ! art to supply1
 if necess>y1 :at x leaves undone4 ,let 
!m r5d] attractive & to ! purpose /udies
 :i* h hi!rto be5 too monoton\s & (t5   
b>r52 let rational & true pr9ciples make
 ! s*ol> see a real progress1 t ea* ( 8 
ef=ts br+s a success ) x2 & we w soon   
see "y p]sons ( =tune become            
passionately fond ( an ex]cise :i* has  
be5 r5d]$ z int]e/+ to !m z x is noble1 
& discov]1 ) _! love = horses1 a lively 

solicitude = all t conc]ns _! qualities 
& education4  ,b horsem5 c aim at /ill m
 brilliant results4 ,if !y succe$ 9     
r5d]+ easy ! education ( common horses1 
!y w make ! /udy ( horseman%ip popul>   
among ! masses2 !y w put )9 rea* (      
mod]ate =tunes1 s num]\s 9 our l& (     
equality1 ! practice ( an art t has     
hi!rto be5 conf9$ to ! ri*4 ,su* has be5
 ! aim ( ! labors ( my :ole life4 ,x is 
9 ! hope ( atta9+ ?is end t ,i give to !
 public ! fruit ( my long rese>*es4  ,b 
,i %\ld say1 h[ev]1 t if ,i 0 upheld by 
! hope ( be+ "o day useful to my c\ntry1
 x 0 ! army above all t occupi$ my      
?\ghts4 ,?\gh c\nt+ _m skillful horsem5 
9 its ranks1 ! sy/em !y are made to     
foll[1 impot5t 9 my eyes1 is ! true     
cause ( ! eque/rian inf]iority ( s _m1 z
 well z ( _! horses be+ s awkw>d & badly
 brok54 ,i might add t to ! same motive 
is to be attribut$ ! little ta/e =      
horseman%ip felt by ! (fic]s & soldi]s4 
,h[ c x be o!rwise8 ,! l[ price all[$ by
 gov]nm5t = horses ( rem\nt1 causes few 

horses ( good %ape to be met ) 9 ! army1
 & x is only ( ^! t ! education is easy4
 ,! (fic]s !mselves1 m\nt$ ^u a v common
 sort ( horses1 /rive 9 va9 to r5d] !m  
docile & agreeable4 ,aft] two or ?ree   
ye>s ( fatigu+ ex]cise1 !y end by ga9+ a
 me*anical ob$i5ce1 b ! same resi/ances 
& ! same faults ( con/ruction are       
p]petually recurr+4 ,disgu/$ by         
difficulties t appe> insurm\ntable1 !y  
tr\ble !mselves no m ab\t horses &      
horseman%ip ?an ! dem&s ( ! s]vice      
actually require4  ,yet x is            
indisp5sable t a cavalry (fic] be always
 ma/] ( 8 horse1 s mu* s z to be able1 s
 to say1 to communicate 8 own ?\ghts to 
him2 ! uni=mity ( mano]es1 ! necessities
 ( comm&1 ! p]ils ( ! battle-field1 all 
dem& x imp]atively4 ,! life ( ! rid]1 e 
"o kn[s1 (t5 dep5ds ^u ! good or bad    
disposition ( 8 /e$2 9 ! same way ! loss
 or ! ga9 ( a battle (t5 hangs on !     
degree ( precision 9 manoeuvr+ a        
squadron4 ,my me?od w give milit>y m5 a 
ta/e = horseman%ip1 a ta/e :i* is       

indisp5sable 9 ! pr(ession !y practise4 
,! nature ( (fic]s' horses1 consid]$ z s
 defective1 is exactly ! "o ^u :i* ! mo/
 satisfactory results may be obta9$4 ,^!
 animals g5]ally possess a c]ta9 degree 
( en]gy1 & z soon z we "k h[ rightly to 
use _! p[]s by rem$y+ ! physical faults 
t p>alyze !m1 we w be a/oni%$ at !      
res\rces !y w exhibit4 ,! rid] fa%ion+ !
 /e$ by degrees w reg>d him z ! "w ( 8  
h&1 w become s9c]ely atta*$ to him1 & w 
f9d z mu* *>m 9 horseman%ip z he        
previ\sly felt ennui & disgu/4 ,my      
pr9ciples are simple1 easy 9 _!         
application1 & )9 ! rea* ( e m9d4 ,!y c 
ev]y:]e make 7:at is n[ s r>e7 skillful 
horsem54 ,i am sure t if my me?od is    
adopt$ & well und]/ood 9 ! army1 :]e !  
daily ex]cise ( ! horse is a necess>y   
duty1 we w see eque/rian capacities spr+
 up among ! (fic]s & sub-(fic]s by      
?\s&s4 ,!re is n "o among !m :o1 ) an   
h\r a day ( /udy w\ld n soon be able to 
give any horse 9 less ?an ?ree mon?s !  
foll[+ qualities & education3  #a4      

,g5]al suppl+4  #b4 ,p]fect lightness4  
#c4 ,graceful position4  #d4 ,a /eady   
walk4  #e4 ,trot /eady1 measur$1 ext5d$4
  #f4 ,back+ z easily & freely z go+    
=w>d4  #g4 ,gallop easy ) ei!r foot1 &  
*ange ( foot by ! t\*4  #h4 ,easy &     
regul> movem5t ( ! haun*es1 compris+    
ord9>y & rev]s$ pir\ettes4  #i4 ,leap+ !
 dit* & ! b>4  #aj4 ,piaff]4  #aa4 ,halt
 f ! gallop1 by ! aid ( fir/1 ! pressure
 ( ! legs1 & !n a light support ( ! h&4 
,i ask all consci5ti\s m53 h !y se5 _m  
horsem5 ( r5[n obta9 simil> results 9 s 
%ort a "t8  ,! education ( ! m5's       
horses1 be+ less complicat$ ?an t ( ^?  
int5d$ = (fic]s1 w\ld on t acc\nt be m  
rapid4 ,! pr9cipal ?+s w be ! suppl+s & 
! back+1 foll[$ by ! walk1 ! trot & !   
gallop1 :ile keep+ ! horse p]fectly 9   
h&4 ,! colonels w soon appreciate !     
excell5t results ( ?is ex]cise1 9       
consequ5ce ( ! precision ) :i* all !    
movem5ts are made4 ,! important flexions
 ( ! =e-h& c be execut$ )\t leav+ !     
/ables1 ea* rid] turn+ 8 horse ar\nd 9 !

 /all4 ,x is n = me to po9t out to !    
colonels ( regim5ts ! exact way ( putt+ 
my me?od 9 practice2 x is en\gh = me to 
lay d[n my pr9ciples & to expla9 !m4 ,! 
in/ructors w !mselves supply ! details (
 application too long to enum]ate "h4   
,i mu/ aga9 repeat1 ?is book is ! fruit 
( tw5ty ye>s ( obs]vation con/antly     
v]ifi$ by practice4 ,a long & pa9ful "w 
)\t d\bt1 b :at comp5sation ,i h f\nd 9 
! results ,i h be5 happy en\gh to obta94
 ,9 ord] to let ! public judge ( !      
importance ( my discov]ies1 x is        
suffici5t "h to give _! nom5clature1 &  
,i pres5t ^! processes z new ones1      
because ,i c consci5ti\sly say t !y nev]
 7 practis$ be=e me4 ,i h add$ !n       
successively to ! manual ( ! horseman ! 
foll[+ pr9ciples & innovations3  #a4    
,new means ( obta9+ a good seat4  #b4   
,means ( mak+ ! horse come to ! man1 &  
r5d]+ him /eady to m\nt4  #c4 ,di/9ction
 betwe5 ! in/9ctive =ces ( ! horse & !  
communicat$ =ces4  #d4 ,explanation ( ! 
influ5ce ( a bad =mation ^u ! horse's   

resi/ances4  #e4 ,effect ( bad =mations 
on ! neck & cr\p1 ! pr9cipal focuses (  
resi/ance4  #f4 ,means ( rem$y+ !       
faults1 or suppl+s ( ! two extremities1 
& ! :ole ( ! horse's body4  #g4         
,annihilation ( ! in/9ctive =ces ( !    
horse1 9 ord] to sub/itute = !m =ces    
transmitt$ by ! rid]1 & to give ease &  
beauty ( motion to ! ungraceful animal4 
#h4 ,equality ( s5sibility ( m\? 9 all  
horses2 adoption ( a uni=m bit4  #i4    
,equality ( s5sibility ( flanks 9 all   
horses2 means ( accu/om+ !m all to be> !
 spur alike4  #aj4 ,all horses c place  
_! heads 9 ! position ( ram5] & acquire 
! same lightness4  #aa4 ,means ( br++ ! 
c5tre ( gravity 9 a badly-=m$ horse to !
 place x occupies 9 a well-=m$ "o4  #ab4
 ,! rid] disposes 8 horse = a mom5t1 b  
he does n det]m9e ! movem5t4  #ac4 ,:y  
s\nd horses (t5 are faulty 9 _! paces4  
,means ( rem$y+ ?is 9 a few lessons4    
#ad4 ,= *anges ( direction1 use ( ! leg 
opposite to ! side t[>ds :i* we turn1 s 
t x may prec$e ! o!r "o4  #ae4 ,9 all   

backw>d movem5ts ( ! horse ! rid]'s legs
 ought to prec$e ! h&s4  #af4 ,di/9ction
 betwe5 ! recul] & ! acculem5t2 ! good  
effect ( ! =m] 9 ! horse's education2 ! 
bad effect ( ! latt]4  #ag4 ,! use ( !  
spurs z a means ( education4  #ah4 ,all 
horses c piaff]2 means ( r5d]+ ?is      
movem5t sl[ or precipitate4  #ai4       
,def9ition ( ! true rassembl]2 means (  
obta9+ x2 ( its usefulness to produce   
grace & regul>ity 9 complicat$ movem5ts4
  #bj4 ,means ( br++ all horses to /ep  
out freely at a trot4  #ba4 ,rational   
means ( putt+ a horse at a gallop4  #bb4
 ,halt at a gallop1 ! legs or ! spur    
prec$+ ! h&4  #bc4 ,=ce cont9u$ 9       
proportion to ! =ces ( ! horse2 ! rid]  
%\ld nev] yield until aft] hav+ annull$ 
! horse's resi/ances4  #bd4 ,education (
 ! horse 9 p>ts1 or means ( ex]cis+ 8   
=ces sep>ately4  #be4 ,complete         
education ( horses ( ord9>y =mation 9   
less ?an ?ree mon?s4  #bf4 ,sixte5 new  
figures ( ! manege prop] = giv+ ! f9i%+ 
t\* to ! horse's education1 & = p]fect+ 

! rid]'s t\*4  ,x is und]/ood t all !   
details ( application app]ta9+ to ^!    
innovations are new also1 & likewise    
belong to me4                           
,,! ,,end4                              
,,index4     ,back+1 #fd-ajg    ,back   
to1 ) a halt1 #aaa    ,bit1 false &     
true1 yield+ to !1 #ee        =m (1 #eg 
pressure ( !1 #ed    ,break+1 succ9ct   
exposition ( ! me?od (1 #aac    ,cr\p1  
flexions ( !1 #ei   ,gallop1 ( !1 #ia   
,horse1 conc5tration by ! rid] ( ! =ces 
( !1 #gh         education ( !1 #bc     
fir/ lesson1 #ajj                       
second lesson1 #aja                     
?ird       1 #aja                       
f\r?      1 #ajb                        
fif?       1 #ajb         employm5t ( ! 
=ces ( !1 by ! rid]1 #fi         ga!r+  
!1 #hh         h[ to make him come to y1
 #ce         ( ! =ces ( !1 #ce          
re/+ 8 *9 on 8 brea/1 #ec               
education ( ,p>tisan1 ,capita9e1        
,neptune & ,buridan1 #ajd    ,jaw1      
flexion ( !1 #cf    ,knees1 flexions (  

!1 #bb    ,leap+1 #id    ,legs1 flexions
 ( !1 #ba    ,neck1 depression ( !1 #dj 
direct flexions ( ! head &1 #dh         
lat]al              on foot1 #de        
horseback1 #dg    ,piaff]1 !1 #id       
,rid+1 prep>atory lessons =1 #ai        
,saddles1 ex]cises 9 !1 #ai    ,seat1   
new means = obta9+ a good1 #ag        ( 
! rid]1 #ah    ,spurs1 ! use ( !1 #gh   
,suppl+s1 ! head & neck1 #cb-eh         
,recapitulations1 #fg    ,trot1 !1 #gd  
backw>d1 #aji                ,,j ,,:at  
,,e ,,h\sekeep] ,,wants                 
----------------------                  
,,!                   ,,economical      
,,cook ,,book      ,or1 ,h[ to ,prep>e  
,nice ,di%es at a ,mod]ate ,co/         
-----------------------                 
,,conta9+        ,,ne>ly ,,five ,,hundr$
 ,,c>efully ,,tri$ ,,recipes            
,,= ,,cook+               ,s\ps1 ,fi%1  
,oy/]s1 ,clams                  ,,meats 
,,( ,,all ,,k9ds1           ,,p\ltry1   
,,eggs1 ,,vegetables1 ,,sauce           
,,= ,,meats & ,,pudd+s1 ,,bread1        

,,breakfa/ ,,cakes1 ,etc42 ,,pudd+s1    
,,pies1 ,,pres]ves1                     
,,pickles1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4        ,also1 
a ,*apt] on ,cook]y = ,invalids4  ,!    
:ole compil$ & arrang$ by a practical   
h\sekeep]4    ,neatly b\nd ,price1      
po/-paid1 by mail1 #cj c5ts4            
,,address1             ,,alb]t          
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1              #aci 
,,eigh? ,,/reet1 ,n4 ,y4                
-----------------------------           
,,!                      ,,g5tleman',s  
,,p]fect ,,lett] ,,writ]2               
,,or1            ,h9ts & ,helps to      
,lett] ,writ+4         ,a ,,complete ,,&
 ,,in/ructive ,,guide ,,= ,,!           
,,correspond5t1  ,conta9+ a v ,sup]ior &
 ,orig9al ,collection ( ,miscellane\s   
,bus9ess ,lett]s2 ,bus9ess ,lett]s (    
,introduction2 ,lett]s ( ,cr$it2        
,lett]s ( ,application = ,employm5t2    
,lett]s ( ,application =       ,increase
 ( ,sal>y2 ,copies ( ,te/imonials or    
,lett]s (          ,recomm5dation2      
,famili> & ,social ,correspond5ce2      

,social ,lett]s ( ,introduction1        
,congratulation                  &      
,condol5ce2 ,notes (                    
,c]emony & ,complim5t4                  
,c]emonial1 ,visit+1 ,(ficial           
,pr(essional ,c>ds4        ,rules =     
,conduct+ ,public ,debates & ,meet+s2   
,po/al          ,rates & ,regulations2  
,bus9ess ,law & ,bus9ess                
,maxims2 ,int]e/ ,tables2 ,titles & ,=ms
                    ( ,address1 etc41   
etc4                  ,,price1 #cj      
,,c5ts1 ,,po/-,,paid4                   
,,address1                ,,alb]t       
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1                   
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/reet1 ,n4 ,y4           
-------------------------------         
,,p]fect ,,etiquette2                   
,,or1                          ,,h[ ,,to
 ,,behave                           ,,9 
,,society4           ,a ,complete       
,manual = ,ladies & ,g5tlem51           
,,embrac+       ,h9ts on ,introduction1 
,salutation1 ,conv]sation1              
,fri5dly ,visits1 ,social ,p>ties1 ,on !

 ,/reet1         ,9 ,public ,places1 ,9 
,travel+1 ,driv+ &         ,rid+1 ,lett]
 ,writ+1 ,at ! ,table1 ,mak+            
& ,receiv+ ,pres5ts1 ,c\rt%ip1          
,w$d+ ,etiquette1 ,*ri/5+1 ,fun]als1    
,etc41 ) ,sugge/ions ,h[                
to ,dress ,ta/efully4                   
,,! ,,toilette1       ,) ,simple        
,recipes = ,improv+ ! ,complexion1 ,etc4
            ,price1 ,illum9at$ ,pap]    
,cov]1 #cj ,c5ts4                       
,bo>d       #ej                ,,s5t    
,,free ,,by ,,mail ,,on ,,receipt ,,(   
,,price4                                
,,address1                 ,,alb]t      
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1                   
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4        
----------------------------------      
,,h9ts ,,& ,,helps                      
,,to ,,horsem5               ,a ,h&y    
,manual = ,horsekeep]s1                 
,,) ,,concise ,,in/ructions4            
,,bre$+1            ,,break+1           
,,tra9+1                     ,,driv+1   
,,groom+1                               

,,doctor+1                              
,,buy+1                                 
,,fe$+1                                 
,,%oe+4                         ,,)     
,,essays ,,on                           
,,mules ,,& ,,ponies1              ,,&  
,,rac+ ,,& ,,bett+ ,,rules ,,( ,,!      
,,am]ican ,,jockey ,,club4  ,practical1 
,in/ructive1 & adapt$ to ! daily use (  
,bre$]s & ,own]s ( ,horses4 ,neatly b\nd
 9 flexible clo?4 ,price1 #ej ,c5ts4    
,s5t by mail on receipt ( price4        
,address1                    ,,alb]t    
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1                   
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4        
------------------------------------    
,fam\s ,am]ican ,race ,horses           
,,conta9+                   ,,?irty     
,,full ,,page ,,illu/rations1           
,,by                 ,,edw9 ,,=bes1     
,,m>sd51 ,,h5ry ,,/ull            ,c4   
,,lloyd1 ,w4 ,f4 ,,attwood1 & o!r       
,arti/s4            ,beautifully ,pr9t$ 
on ! ,f9e/ ,ton$ ,pap]                  
,,qu>to ,,pap]1 #ge ,,c5ts4             

-------------                  ,,fam\s  
,,am]ican ,,trott+ ,,horses             
,conta9+ ,?irty ,full ,page             
,illu/rations                           
,,( ,,!                 ,,celebrities   
,,( ,,! ,,trott+ ,,turf                 
,,f ,,draw+s ,,by            ,t4 ,c4    
,,c>p5dale1 ,h4 ,c4 ,,bispham1 ,,h5ry   
,,/ull ,,& ,,o!rs4          ,beautifully
 ,pr9t$ on ! ,f9e/ ,ton$ ,pap]          
,,qu>to ,,pap]1 #ge ,,c5ts4             
-----------------                       
,,fam\s ,,horses ,,( ,,am]ica           
,,conta9+              ,! above ,two    
,volumes b\nd 9 "o4                     
,,qu>to ,,clo?1 ,extra1 #a4ej4          
,,s5t ,,free ,,by ,,mail ,,on ,,receipt 
,,( ,,price                             
,,address1                 ,,alb]t      
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1                   
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4        
-------------------------------         
,,e ,,horse ,,own]',s                   
,,cyclop$ia4             ,! ,anatomy &  
,physiology ( a ,horse4                 

,,g5]al ,,*>act]i/ics4                  
,,! ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse1            
,,) ,,directions ,,h[ ,,to ,,*oose      
,,him4    ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,bre$+1 & !   
,be/ ,k9d to ,bre$ ,f4     ,! ,treatm5t 
( ! ,brood ,m>e & ,foal4 ,rais+ &       
,break+ ! ,colt4 ,/ables & ,/able       
,managem5t4               ,rid+1 ,driv+1
 ,etc41 ,etc4                ,,diseases 
,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,cure ,,!m4    ,!        
,pr9cipal ,m$ic9es1 & ! ,doses 9 :i* !y 
c be ,safely      ,adm9i/]$2 ,accid5ts1 
,fractures1 & ! ,op]ations              
,necess>y 9 ea* ,case2 ,%oe+1 ,etc4     
,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,wal%1 ,f4,r4,c4,s4        
7,/oneh5ge47                            
----------          ,! ,am]ican ,trott+ 
,horse1 & ,sugge/ions on !              
,bre$+ & ,tra9+ ( ,trott]s4             
,by ,,ellwood ,,h>vey4                  
----------             ,,! ,,turf ,,&   
,,trott+ ,,horses ,,( ,,am]ica4         
,by ,,john ,,eld]k94                    
----------   ,! ,p]*]on ,horse1 ,tables 
( ,p$igrees ( ,celebrat$ ,trott]s4      

,) ,?ree ,f9e ,engrav+s on ,/eel1 &     
,eight ,woodcuts4 #hvo4        ,clo?    
extra1 black & gold1                    
#c4ge4       ,%eep1 spr9kl$ edges1      
#d4ej4       ,half morocco1 gilt1       
#e4ej4    ,s5t free by mail on receipt (
 price4 ,address1                       
,,alb]t ,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1           
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4        
--------------------------------        
,,/oneh5ge4             ,,! ,,horse 9 ! 
,,/able & ! ,,field              ,,8    
,,managem5t ,,9 ,,heal? ,,& ,,disease4  
,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,wal%1 ,f4 ,r4 ,c4 ,s4     
7,,/oneh5ge47    ,f ! ,la/ ,london      
,edition1 ) an ,essay on ! ,,am]ican    
,,trott+ ,,horse1 & sugge/ions on !     
,bre$+                   & ,tra9+ (     
,trott]s1                     ,by       
,,elwood ,,h>vey ,m4 ,d4                
,illu/rat$ ) ov] #hj ,engrav+s1        &
 full-page ,engrav+s f ,photographs4    
#abmo41 ,clo? extra1 bev4 bds41 black & 
gold1    #b4                            
----------                              

,,woodruff4                ,! ,trott+   
,horse ( ,am]ica4                ,,h[   
,,to ,,tra9 ,,& ,,drive ,,him1          
,,) ,,rem9isc5ces ,,( ,,! ,,trott+      
,,turf4                     ,by ,,hiram 
,,woodruff4              ,edit$ by      
,,*>les ,j4 ,,fo/]4    ,includ+ an      
,introductory ,notice1 by ,,george      
,,wilkes1        & a ,biographical      
,sket* by ! ,editor4  #ai? edition1     
revis$ & enl>g$1 ) an ,app5dix & a      
copi\s ,index1             ,,) ,a ,,/eel
 ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,au?or1        &   
six engrav+s on wood ( celebrat$        
trott]s4      #abmo41 ,clo? extra1 black
 & gold1                #b4ej      ,s5t 
free by mail on receipt ( price4        
,address1                               
,,alb]t ,,cogswell1                     
#aci ,,eigh? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4        
---------------------------             
,,dogs4             ,_! ,managem5t 9    
,heal?  ,disease1                       
,,by                ,,edw>d ,,mayhew1   
,m4 ,r4 ,c4 ,v4 ,s4                     

,conta9+ full in/ructions =             
,,bre$+1 ,,re>+1 & ,,k5nell+            
,,dogs4              ,_! diff]5t        
diseases1 embrac+            ,,di/emp]1 
,,m\?1 ,,tee?1 ,,tongue1 ,,gullet1      
,,respiratory ,,organs1 ,,hepatitis1    
,,indige/ion1 ,,ga/ritis1 ,,/4 ,,vitus' 
,,dance1 ,,b[el ,,diseases1 ,,p>alysis1 
,,rheumatism1 ,,fits1 ,,rabies1         
,,sk9 ,,diseases1 ,,cank]1 ,,diseases   
,,( ,,! ,,limbs1 ,,fractures1           
,,op]ations1                            
,,etc41 ,,etc4           ,,h[ ,,to      
,,detect ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,cure ,,!m4  ,_!
 m$ic9es1 & ! doses 9 :i* !y c be safely
 adm9i/]$4       #abmo41 ,clo? extra1   
fully ,illu/rat$1 ,price1 #a4           
,,s5t ,,free ,,by ,,mail ,,on ,,receipt 
,,( ,,price1                            
,,address1              ,,alb]t         
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1             #aci  
,,eigh? ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4          
-------------------------------         
,illu/ration3 ,,hunt+ ,,! ,,buffalo4--,f
 ,h[ to ,hunt & ,trap4     ,! mo/       

complete "w on ,hunt+  ,trapp+ ev]      
publi%$4                     ,,h[ ,,to  
,,hunt ,,& ,,trap1           ,by ,j4 ,h4
 ,,batty1 ,hunt]  ,taxid]mi/4           
,,conta9+3      ,full ,in/ructions =    
,hunt+ ! ,buffalo1 ,elk1 ,moose1        
,de]1 ,antelope1 ,be>1 ,fox1 ,gr\se1    
,quail1           ,geese1 ,ducks1       
,woodcock1 ,snipe1 etc41                
etc42 also1 ! localities :]e            
game ab\nd4                        ,,9  
,,trapp+3    ,tells y all ab\t ,/eel    
,traps2 h[ to make home-made     traps1 
& h[ to trap ! ,be>1 ,wolf1 ,wolv]9e1   
,fox1 ,lynx1 ,badg]1 ,ott]1 ,beav]1     
,fi%]1   ,m>t91 ,m9k1 etc42 ,birds (    
,prey2 ,poison+ ,c>nivor\s              
animals2 ) full directions = prep>+     
,pelts = m>ket1 etc41 etc4              
,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,ov] #bjj ,,life      
,,engrav+s4           #abmo41 ,extra    
,clo?1 ,price1 #a4ej4         ,s5t free 
by mail on receipt ( price4             
,,address1             ,,alb]t          
,,cogswell1 ,publi%]1               #aci

 ,,eigh? ,,/reet1 ,n4 ,y4