,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,bold text w be display$ us+ ! equals sign3 ,?is is bold text4 ,^! books 7 plann$ 9 a s]ies ( conf]5ces & consultations ) lead+ art tea*]s & educators1 among :om 7 ! foll[+3 ,miss ,bonnie ,e4 ,sn[1 ,=m]ly ,director ( ,art1 ,public ,s*ools1 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n4 ,miss ,wilhelm9a ,seegmill]1 ,director ( ,art1 ,public ,s*ools1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,miss ,h>riette ,l4 ,rice1 ,director ( ,art1 ,public ,s*ools1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,scott ,p]ry1 ,director ( ! ,art ,dep>tm5t1 ,pratt ,in/itute1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,e4 ,riley1 ,director ( ,art1 ,public ,s*ools1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,dr4 ,hugo ,mu5/]b]g1 ,pr(essor ( ,psy*ology1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,mrs4 ,alice ,w4 ,cooley1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,dakota4 ,mr4 ,john ,s4 ,cl>k1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,text ,,books ,,( ,,art ,,education ,,book ,,iv4 ,,f\r? ,,ye> ,,by ,,hugo ,b4 ,,froehli* ,,=m]ly ,,in/ructor ,,9 ,,pratt ,,in/itute ,,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,,& ,,bonnie ,e4 ,,sn[ ,,=m]ly ,,sup]visor ,,( ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,public ,,s*ools ,,( ,,m9neapolis1 ,,m9n4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,prang ,,educational ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,copyright1 #aijd1 ,by ,,! ,,prang ,,educational ,,company ,copyright1 #aijf1 ,by ,,! ,,prang ,,educational ,,company ,preface4 ,9 pres5t+ to ! public ! s]ies ( ,text ,books ( ,art ,education1 ( :i* ?is volume is a "p1 x is desir$ to /ate briefly ! aims & purposes ( ! plan ^u :i* ! s]ies is bas$4 ,x is n necess>y to review ! hi/ory ( art education 9 public s*ools1 nor to pres5t argum5t = ! introduction or ret5tion ( draw+ z an important /udy4 ,^! que/ions h be5 exhau/ively treat$1 & ne$ no fre% discussion4 ,! s*ool t does n (f] to its community "s k9d ( sy/ematic art in/ruction is today an exception4 ,education along specific l9es %\ld con=m to ! philosophy :i* is accept$ z fundam5tal 9 g5]al educational "w4 ,! educational pr9ciples adh]$ to 9 ^! books are1 !re=e1 9 accord ) ! psy*ological laws ( *ild developm5t :i* are endors$ by ! lead+ educators ( ! pres5t "t1 & ! ef=t has be5 made to "w out 9 ^! books a s]ies ( lessons t %all be n only educationally s\nd & arti/ically correct1 b at ! same "t adapt$ 9 ! diff]5t /ages to ! *ild's ability to compreh5d & 8 p[] to express4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 ! lessons 9 ! ,text ,books ( ,art ,education h be5 divid$ into ?ree gr\ps :i* may be kn[n z ! ,obs]vational or ,objective ,gr\p1 9 :i* ! /udy ( ?+s is ! aim2 ! ,subjective ,gr\p1 9 :i* ! /udy ( pr9ciples or laws ( beauty is ! aim2 & ! ,creative ,gr\p1 9 :i* ! application ( accumulat$ k & ability is ! aim4 ,9 fur!r+ ! "w ( ! fir/ gr\p1 ! topics s famili> to ! art tea*] ( our mod]n s*ools are treat$--l&scape1 plants1 life1 & /ill life4 ,9 ! second gr\p are pres5t$ ! pr9ciples ( p]spective1 ( indu/rial draw+1 ( color h>mony1 & mo/ important ( all1 ! pr9ciples ( pure design4 ,9 ! ?ird gr\p are plac$ creative ex]cises 9 composition1 9 decorative design1 & 9 _m =ms ( manual tra9+4 ,:ile ! same division ( "w is kept ?r\gh\t ! c\rse1 ! mann] ( pres5tation diff]s greatly 9 ! diff]5t ye>s4 ,9 ! prim>y grades1 ! "w is l>gely objective 9 its "*4 ,*ildr5 are taught to see & to d4 ,9 ! int]m$iate grades1 ! *ildr5 are introduc$ to ! pr9ciples ( arrangem5t1 ,balance1 ,rhy?m1 & ,h>mony1 :i* h be5 adopt$ z ! work+ basis ( ?is s]ies ( books1 & 9 ! light ( :i* ! subjective & creative "w ( ! upp] grades is plann$4 ,z ! "w progresses ?r\gh ! diff]5t ye>s1 ! subjective & creative sides are m & m emphasiz$1 & ! /udy ( objects is felt to be m]ely a means necess>y to an end4 ,all ?r\gh ! s]ies1 !re is a def9ite1 logical progression1 s t 9 s*ools :]e ^! ideas are put into practice1 !re %\ld be no gr\nd = ! compla9t t ! "w ( ! int]m$iate & gramm> grades falls bel[ ! "w ( ! prim>y grades1 9 g5]al excell5ce4 ,^! books are ! outgr[? ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 practical fields ( "w4 ,!y h be5 prep>$ ) a ke5 appreciation ( ! ob/acles :i* h confront$ ! art tea*] 9 public education1 & ) an intimate k ( ! *ild m9d1 9 its v>i\s /ages ( developm5t4 ,nev] be=e has an attempt be5 made to put into ! h&s ( *ildr5 a text ( lessons 9 art4 ,! illu/rations s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( illum9at+ ! text & ( furni%+ ! *ildr5 ) /&>ds ( "w 9 ! v>i\s m$iums4 ,= ! ,!ory ( ,color ,relations us$ 9 ^! books1 special ackn[l$gm5t is due to ,dr4 ,d5man ,w4 ,ross1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,! lessons 9 design are prep>atory to ! full] exposition 9 ! upp] books ( ,dr4 ,ross's pr9ciples ( arrangem5t--,balance1 ,rhy?m1 & ,h>mony4 ,we are indebt$ to ,messrs4 ,little1 ,br[n1 & ,company1 = p]mission to use ,miss ,dick9son's poem1 ,! ,railway ,tra91 on page #eh1 & to ,mr4 ,*>les ,g4 ,bl&5 = ! l9es f 8 poem1 ,plea ( ! ,poets1 us$ on ! page fac+ page #a4 ,! l9es us$ on page #af are f ,james ,russell ,l[ell's ,epi/le to ,george ,william ,curtis1 & ! v]ses on page #cj are f ,a ,boy's ,song1 by ,james ,hogg4 ,cont5ts ,,page ,,out ,,( ,,doors 7,l&scape7 #a ,use ( a ,f9d] 9 ,select+ ,mat]ial = ,l&scapes2 ,autumn1 ,w9t] & ,spr+ ,effects 9 ,color & 9 ,value2 ,! ,same ,l&scape ,express$ 9 ,diff]5t ,arrangem5ts ( ,values2 ,trees 9 ,foliage & ) ,b>e ,bran*es2 ,pictures f our ,surr\nd+s2 ,/udy ( a ,ma/]piece2 ,home ,ex]cises4 ,,gr[?1 ,,blossom1 ,,fruit 7,fl[]s & ,plants7 #af ,bitt]sweet1 ,iris1 & ,g]anium 9 ,color2 ,use ( ! ,f9d] 9 ,sket*+ mo/ ,int]e/+ ,"p ( a ,gr[? = a ,sket*2 ,fl[]s & ,leaves 9 ,diff]5t ,positions2 ,gr[? ( ,/ems1 ,jo9ts1 ,buds1 ,leaves1 & ,sprays2 ,root ,gr[?s2 ,use ( ! ,acc5t$ ,outl9e2 ,composition f ,plant ,=ms4 ,,life ,,& ,,action 7,! ,human ,figure1 ,animals1 & ,birds7 #cj ,bru% ,/udies 9 ,color f ,pose2 ,! ,same ,pose 9 ,diff]5t ,positions2 ,diff]5t ,/eps 9 ,pose ,draw+2 ,proportion & ,action ,%[n 9 ,lead+ ,l9es or ,skeleton ,figures2 ,h&s & ,feet2 ,dog & ,pigeon 9 ,lead+ ,l9es1 9 ,outl9e & 9 ,values2 ,/udy ( a ,ma/]piece2 ,home ,ex]cises4 ,,beauty ,,9 ,,common ,,?+s 7,/ill ,life7 #dd ,beauty 9 ,common ,objects2 ,a ,b[l 9 ,f\r ,diff]5t ,m$iums2 ,pr9ciples ( ,gr\p+2 ,! ,acc5t$ ,outl9e 9 ,object ,draw+2 ,japanese ,lant]ns ,/udi$ 9 ,values2 ,use ( ! ,f9d] 9 ,mak+ ,beautiful ,compositions2 ,home ,ex]cises4 ,,app>5t ,,direction ,,( ,,edges ,,& ,,outl9es 7,p]spective7 #eh ,! ,circle 9 ,?ree ,positions2 ,=e%ort5$ ,surfaces 9 ,common ,objects2 ,h[ to ,te/ ,=e%ort5$ ,surfaces & ,conv]g+ ,l9es2 ,=e%ort5$ ,circle se5 9 ,beautiful ,hi/oric ,baptismal ,font4 ,,measur+ ,,& ,,plann+ 7,geometry7 #ff ,mak+ ,simple ,tools ) :i* to ,measure & ,plan2 ,draw+ & ,divid+ ,circul>1 ,squ>e1 ,oblong1 & ,triangul> ,spaces2 ,h[ to ,place ,decorations )9 ^! ,divisions2 ,plann+ ( ,patt]ns = ,portfolio1 ,box1 ,envelopes1 & ,pocket-book2 ,mak+ ,case = ,newspap] ,clipp+s2 a ,simple ,alphabet & ,h[ to ,draw its ,plan2 ,initial ,lett]s4 ,,design #gf ,! ,color ,*>t ,relat$ to ! ,scale ( ,values2 ,colors 9 ,full ,int5sity2 ! ,neutral ,value ,scale1 ,%[+ ,sev5 ,/eps ,betwe5 ,black & ,:ite2 ,divid+ a ,space into ,l>ge & ,small ,areas2 ,use ( ,values 9 ,express+ ,light & ,d>k ,effects2 ,space ,divisions to ,=m ,plaids2 ,design ,motives f ,nature1 & ,_! ,application 9 ,simple ,rhy?ms & ,balanc$ ,designs2 ,color ,s*emes f ,nature1 & _! ,application2 a ,portfolio ^: ,beauty ,dep5ds on ,arrangem5t & ,proportion ( ,values2 ,pott]y ,=ms4 ,mak]s ( song1 did y say8 ,f9d]s ( song1 be x told3 ,! music we fa%ion today ,is c5turies old4 ,only we look & we see1 ,only we he> & we s+3 ,only we f9d 9 ! tree ,& we f9d 9 ! spr+ ,! beautiful ?+4 ,,out ,,( ,,doors ,illu/ration ,,he ,,owns ,,! ,,bird ,,songs ,,( ,,! ,,hills2 ,,! ,,laught] ,,( ,,! ,,april ,,rills2 ,,& ,,8 ,,are ,,all ,,! ,,diamonds ,,set ,,9 ,,morn+',s ,,dewy ,,coronet1-- ,,& ,,8 ,,! ,,dusk',s ,,fir/ ,,m9t$ ,,/>s ,,t ,,tw9kle ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,pa/ure-,,b>s ,,& ,,litt] ,,all ,,! ,,skies ,,at ,,night ,,) ,,glitt]+ ,,scraps ,,( ,,silv] ,,light2 ,,! ,,ra9b[',s ,,b>1 ,,f ,,rim ,,to ,,rim ,,9 ,,beat5 ,,gold1 ,,belongs ,,to ,,him4 ,,james ,,:itcomb ,,riley4 ,illu/ration ,! ,out-(-,door ,_w 9 ,autumn4 ,h y ev] be5 9 ! c\ntry1 or 9 a city p>k1 aft] ! gre5 ( ! maple-trees has turn$ to sc>let & gold8 ,if y h notic$ ! trees 9 _! gorge\s hues1 y h probably f\nd t ! grass1 also1 %[s pat*es ( color n se5 9 ! summ]-"t4 ,! sky is (t5 v blue1 & its color is reflect$ 9 ! quiet wat] ( a lake or pool1 or 9 a g5tly fl[+ /ream4 ,a smoky haze hangs ov] ! di/ant trees1 & s(t5s1 ?\gh x does n hide1 _! brilliant color+4 ,/udy ! sket* on ?is page4 ,!n pa9t an autumn picture4 ,%[ a bright blue sky1 a field or hillside1--once gre51 b n[ t\*$ ) russet & br[n1--a pa? or a pool ( wat]1 di/ant foliage1 & "o l>ge tree4 ,save y\r picture to use 9 ano!r lesson4 ,illu/ration ,mak+ & ,us+ a ,f9d]4 ,if y look on page #d y w see ?ree little pictures t seem q complete 9 !mselves1 & yet look l p>ts ( ! picture on page #b4 ,! upp] sket* %[s ! same big tree by ! /ream1 & ! l[] "r sket* has be5 tak5 f ! left side ( ! l>ge picture4 ,a small "p ne> ! middle ( ! l>ge picture 0 !n select$1 & ?is "p 0 enl>g$ to make ! ?ird sket* %[n4 ,y c (t5 f9d "s p>ts ( y\r l>ge sket*es t are m int]e/+ ?an o!rs4 ,on ?is page are "s draw+s ( a little device :i* w help y to d ?is4 ,x is call$ a f9d]1 & is simply an oblong op5+ cut f a piece ( pap] s z to leave all ar\nd x a m>g9 an in* or two wide4 ,x looks l a little mat = a picture1 or l a w9d[-frame4 ,two squ>e corn]s or ,l-%ap$ pieces ( pap] c be plac$ toge!r s t ! size ( ! op5+ c be *ang$ by pu%+ ! uprights ne>] toge!r or by pull+ !m f>!r ap>t4 ,an adju/able f9d] l ?is 7%[n 9 ! "r sket*7 c be us$ 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,draw on a %eet ( #i x #ab pap]1 an oblong sev5 in*es high & ?ree1 f\r1 or five in*es wide4 ,ar\nd ! oblong1 :i* is to be cut out1 leave a m>g9 ( at lea/ an in*4 ,slip ?is l>ge f9d] ov] ! autumn sket* y made 9 ! lesson on page #b1 until y h f\nd ! "p y l be/4 ,cut ?is "p out1 & m\nt x on a l>ge %eet ( fre% pap]1 leav+ a pleas+ m>g94 ,! class sket*es w make a f9e exhibition4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,%apes & ,gr[? ( ,trees4 ,no "o c /udy out-(-door pictures )\t wi%+ to "k h[ to draw trees4 ,?is c be/ be done by obs]v+ f a di/ance "s tree z x gr[s4 ,! pictures on ?is page tell y pla9ly t ! will[ & ! sycamore1 or buttonwood tree1 7 *os5 = ! sket*es1 yet n a s+le leaf is %[n z y w\ld see x if y held x 9 y\r h&4 ,:at is x1 !n1 t tells ! /ory8 ,x is ! tru?ful draw+ ( ! big ?+s--! %ape ( ! mass ( foliage1 ! height & wid? ( ! trunk bel[ ! b\ghs1 ! size & direction ( ! bran*es1 & ! way !y gr[ f ! trunk4 ,9 ! sket* ( ! will[1 ! _m small bran*es are pla9ly se51 & y c easily und]/& :y x is t ! will[ b5ds & sways s gracefully 9 ! w9d4 ,! bru% /rokes %[ some?+ ( ! sl5d]1 po9t$ "* ( ! leaves4 ,! sycamore is n r\nd & regul> l ! will[1 b %[s pat*es ( foliage & /ret*es ( b>e bran*es 9 a ragg$ & unev5 way4 ,its %ape is v diff]5t f ! %ape ( ! will[4 ,make a l>ge draw+ ) ink or crayon1 f "s tree out ( doors4 ,illu/ration ,%apes ( ,b>e ,trees4 ,w9t] is ! be/ "t 9 all ! ye> to /udy ! gr[? ( trees4 ,al?\gh ! leaves are gone & ! bran*es are b>e1 ! trees !mselves are beautiful4 ,x is well to /udy a tree t is at "s di/ance f y1 s t its d>k bran*es may be se5 aga9/ ! light sky4 ,! will[ & ! sycamore are %[n )\t _! leaves on ?is page1 & _! %apes /& out cle>ly4 ,y c see ! /rong trunk1 & ! bran*es t spr+ f x4 ,! trunk ( ! sycamore becomes small] z x ?r[s (f its b\ghs1 & all ! bran*es & twigs tap] at ! end4 ,measure ! height ( ! sycamore tree 9 ! sket*1--f ! topmo/ twig to ! gr\nd1--& see :at "p ( ! :ole height ! trunk bel[ ! foliage measures4 ,is x half z high1 or only a f\r? or a ?ird8 ,notice trees out ( doors & see h[ mu* ( _! height is above ! trunk4 ,*ildr5 sometimes draw trees ) tall1 /iff trunks & %ort1 /unt$ tops4 ,/udy & draw a beautiful tree )\t leaves4 ,make x ( l>ge size & use bru% or crayon4 ,try to tell 9 y\r picture j :at tree y /udi$4 ,illu/ration ,:at fun x is to ga!r nuts 9 ! fall6 ,see ! *ildr5 9 ! picture4 ,"o boy clubs ! tree until ! nuts come rattl+ d[n & are half hidd5 9 ! grass & dry leaves4 ,recall "s pleasant "t y h _h ga!r+ nuts or apples4 ,draw a picture %[+ :]e y 71 :at y ga!r$1 & ! k9d ( a tree on :i* ! fruit grew4 ,%[ di/ant bu%es & trees1 & place ! ma9 tree s t its bran*es rise aga9/ ! sky4 ,make y\r picture tell an int]e/+ /ory4 ,illu/ration ,sunset 9 ,w9t]4 ,:5 y pa9t$ autumn l&scapes1 y ?\ght1 no d\bt1 t ! _w 0 m beautiful 9 ,octob] ?an at any o!r season4 ,p]haps x seem$ to y t ! cold1 sn[-cov]$ e>? c\ld nev] be s int]e/+ to pa9t4 ,look at ?is w9t] picture4 ,! sky is bright & ! di/ant trees look violet4 ,did y ev] notice t ! sn[ at sunset does n seem to be :ite z y look across x to ! horizon8 ,if y hold a %eet ( :ite pap] 9 y\r h& & glance f t across ! sn[-cov]$ fields at sunset1 y w see t ! :it5ess ( ! sn[ has *ang$ to violet-gray4 ,sometimes1 too1 ! sn[ seems to be t9t$ by ! rosy light ( ! sunset4 ,z y /udy out-(-door objects1 y w f9d t _! colors appe> diff]5t at diff]5t times ( ! day1 or z !y are ne> y or f> away4 ,pa9t a w9t] sunset4 ,try to see & to pa9t tru?fully ! color ( di/ant trees1 sn[-cov]$ gr\nd1 a f>-(f /eeple or t[]1 or a tree ne> at h&4 ,illu/ration ,a ,sunset ,picture 9 ,values4 ,we c %[ ) black crayons1 ) *>coal1 or ) bru% & ink _m pictures ( out-(-doors t are ri* 9 color4 ,ev5 a sunset sky c be %[n 9 grays1 s t we w ?9k ( ! lovely colors t ! grays1 or values1 express4 ,"h is our w9t] sunset1 %[n 9 values4 ,y w rememb] t by values we mean ! diff]5t degrees ( light & d>k us$ to express color4 ,comp>e ! two sunset pictures4 ,! light gray-violet ( ! sn[ is %[n 9 a light gray or neutral value 9 ! picture on ?is page4 ,! trees are v mu* d>k]1 & ! sky is nei!r z light z ! sn[ nor z d>k z ! trees4 ,! little rabbit makes a d>k spot 9 ! sn[1 & ! =egr\nd--t "p ( ! picture t seems to be ne>e/--is :ite4 ,y see t x has tak5 ab\t f\r values to express ! colors se54 ,draw 9 values ! sunset picture y pa9t$ 9 ! lesson on page #h4 ,:i* ( all ! colors us$ d y ?9k %\ld be %[n 9 d>ke/ value8 ,:i* 9 lighte/8 ,make y\r picture l>ge1 & use *>coal1 crayon1 or bru% & ink4 ,!n ) y\r f9d] select t "p ( y\r picture :i* y l be/4 ,cut out ?is "p1 & m\nt x neatly4 ,illu/ration ,a ,diff]5t ,arrangem5t ( ,values4 ,o ,moon6 9 ! night ,i h se5 y sail+1 ,& %9+ s r\nd & l[6 ,:5 y are out ( doors or are look+ ?r\gh a w9d[ at "s ( nature's pictures1 ?9k h[ y w\ld pa9t or draw 9 values ! diff]5t ?+s y see4 ,notice :i* objects appe> d>ke/1 :i* lighte/1 & :i* might be express$ by a half-way gray1 or middle value4 ,if y le>n to see ^! light & d>k effects 9 ! _w ab\t y1 pictures1 photographs1 & out-(-door sc5es w become matt]s ( great int]e/ to y4 ,on ?is page is ! same little piece ( ! _w we saw "u sunset skies4 ,! sun has gone to re/1 & ! bright colors 9 ! sky h giv5 place to d>kness4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( ! d>kness ! moon rises1 & %$s its :ite light ov] ! sleep+ _w4 ,h[ beautiful out-(-doors is n[6 ,see ! d>k] value ( ! sky at night1 & ! pleas+ contra/ made by ! big :ite moon4 ,a s(t gray %ad[ is ov] all ! sn[4 ,! moonlight on ! sn[ does n dazzle our eyes1 z ! sun%9e does by day4 ,pa9t ) ink or draw ) crayon a moonlight picture4 ,illu/ration ,a ,beautiful ,composition4 ,9 pa9t+ or draw+ a picture1 x is n en\gh to put d[n a numb] ( %apes or l9es )\t reg>d to _! relation to ea* o!r4 ,we mu/ arrange or compose !m1 j z we arrange furniture 9 a room4 ,we mu/ /udy to place ?+s :]e !y w be/ satisfy our idea ( beauty4 ,9 ! picture on ?is page1 pa9t$ by ,alex&] ,h>rison1 an ,am]ican arti/1 ! horizon l9e is plac$ above ! middle1 s t ! arti/ might %[ h[ ! waves broke on ! %ore1 & s5t rippl+1 fl[+ l9es ( wat] along ! %9+ s&4 ,! motion ( ! wat] is z regul> z if x 7 keep+ "t to music4 ,c y see h[ ! big curves seem to m>k ! beats8 ,notice1 too1 ! arrangem5t ( values--! light foam1 ! d>k] sky & ocean1 ! wet s&1 & ! solid ma9l&4 ,only f\r ?+s are %[n--sky1 moon1 sea1 & %ore--b !y are s drawn z to give ! necess>y v>iety4 ,pictures f ,our ,own ,surr\nd+s4 ,out ( ,doors 9 ! ,city4 ,if all ! beauty ( out-(-doors 7 9 ! c\ntry1 :at a sad ?+ x w\ld be = ! boys & girls :o sp5d _! lives 9 cities & t[ns6 ,x is true t we ?9k ( ! c\ntry :5 we speak ( ! l&scape1 & _m arti/s g !re :5 !y wi% to ga!r mat]ial = pictures4 ,b (t5 ! ?+s y see out ( doors 9 a city or t[n are z int]e/+ to sket* z c\ntry l&scapes4 ,keep+ a ,j\rnal4 ,did y ev] he> ( a p]son :o kept a j\rnal1 & wrote 9 x ! int]e/+ ?+s t happ5$ f day to day8 ,h y ev] tri$ x y\rself8 ,y ne$ n ?9k y\r life dull because y d n take j\rneys or see great sights or d unusual de$s4 ,"s ( ! be/ j\rnals we "k ab\t h be5 kept by p :o liv$ quiet lives4 ,!y wrote ab\t ! little ?+s !y saw & he>d & did4 ,x 0 ! way 9 :i* !y told ^! ?+s t made _! j\rnals z int]e/+ z /orybooks4 ,an ,arti/'s ,j\rnal4 ,arti/s & p :o love to make pictures keep a k9d ( j\rnal t !y call a sket*-book4 ,!y are always on ! look\t = mat]ial = pictures4 ,!y see mu* m ?an p d :o are n tra9$ to obs]ve4 ,"s ,leaves f a ,sket*-book4 ,look at ! sket*es on page #ac4 ,!y are leaves f an arti/'s sket*-book4 ,he tells ( a %ady road w9d+ by a little *ur* 9 a village2 ( freight-boats on a canal or riv]2 ( a view f a high w9d[ 9 a city (fice build+2 ( a f9e /one ar*1 & beyond x a bridge ) a railroad tra9 ru%+ across x2 ( a f\nta9 9 a city p>k1 & ( a grimy1 noisy factory1 ) its long l[ ro(s1 its smoke-/acks1 & its l9e ( wait+ c>s4 ,h y ?\ght ( look+ = pictures 9 places l ^!8 ,pictures 9 ,y\r ,own ,t[n4 ,:]e are ! int]e/+ places 9 ! t[n 9 :i* y live8 ,is ! t[n ne> ! wat]8 ,!n !re are boats & bridges4 ,is !re a ma*9e %op1 a mill1 or a qu>ry8 ,!n y w f9d some?+ to draw1 z int]e/+ z ! factory 9 ! arti/'s sket*4 ,does a railroad run ?r\gh ! place8 ,!re is ! /ation1 ! swit* t[]1 ! eng9es & ! freight c>s4 ,or1 p]haps !re is a blacksmi? %op or a trolley c>4 ,keep y\r eyes op51 & f9d ! ?+s 9 y\r t[n t %[ ! life ( ! p4 ,tomorr[1 br+ a sket* %[+ "s picture y h se5 9 ! place :]e y live4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! ,colors ( ,spr+time4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ %rubs t blossoms 9 ! spr+time is ! =sy?ia4 ,its blossoms cov] ! :ole bu% be=e ! leaves come1 mak+ a mass ( yell[ 9 ! mid/ ( ! gre5 grass4 ,yell[ & gre5 are favorite colors ( spr+time4 ,*oose "s fl[]+ tree or %rub to pa9t 9 a picture4 ,9 pa9t+ a l&scape l ! "o on ?is page1 "o good way is fir/ to draw ) a bru% l9e & v light violet color1 ! %apes t mu/ be c>efully plac$4 ,!n add ! sky & =egr\nd wa%es & drop on ! damp pap] ! colors y see 9 ! bu% or tree4 ,draw ! trunk ( ! tree1 or ! bran*es ( ! %rub1 9 d>k gray-violet4 ,a pa? or road may be wip$ out ( ! =egr\nd ) ! ne>ly dry bru%1 & a little r$ & yell[ add$ to give ! color ( s&y gr\nd4 ,pa9t a spr+ l&scape1 n l ! "o 9 ! book4 ,home ,ex]cises4 #a4 ,draw an elm-tree z x looks 9 w9t]4 #b4 ,pa9t a maple-tree z x looks 9 ,octob]4 #c4 ,use a l>ge f9d] on "o or bo? ( y\r tree sket*es4 ,decide 9 :i* space ! tree looks be/4 ,!n cut out ?is selection & m\nt y\r picture neatly4 #d4 ,%[ a sn[ man 9 a w9t] l&scape4 #e4 ,pa9t a sunset on ! lake or riv]4 #f4 ,%[ 9 a picture ! "t ( ye> y l be/4 #g4 ,make a bru% draw+ to illu/rate3 ',lady ,moon1 ,lady ,moon1 :]e are y rov+8' ',ov] ! sea4' ',lady ,moon1 ,lady ,moon1 :om are y lov+8' ',all :o love me4' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,gr[? 4 ,,blossom 4 ,,fruit ,i "k ! *>m ( hillside1 field1 & wood1 ,( lake & /ream & ! sky's d[ny brood1 ,( roads seque/]$ rimm$ ) sall[ sod1 ,b fri5ds ) h>dhack1 a/]1 gold5rod1 ,^! 7 my e>lie/ fri5ds1 & late/1 too1 ,/ill une/rang$1 :atev] fate may d4 ,illu/ration ,gre5 ,?+s ,gr[+4 ,oh1 ! gre5 ?+s gr[+1 ! gre5 ?+s gr[+1 ,! fa9t sweet smell ( ! gre5 ?+s gr[+6 ,i %\ld l to live1 :e!r ,i smile or grieve1 ,j to wat* ! happy life ( my gre5 ?+s gr[+4 ,oh1 ! flutt]+ & ! patt]+ ( ^? gre5 ?+s gr[+6 ,h[ !y talk1 ea* to ea*1 :5 none ( u are kn[+2 ,9 ! wond]ful :ite ( ! weird moonlight ,or ! dim dreamy dawn :5 ! cocks are cr[+4 ,i love1 ,i love !m s1--my gre5 ?+s gr[+6 ,& ,i ?9k t !y love me1 )\t false %[+2 ,= by _m a t5d] t\*1 !y com=t me s mu*1 ,) ! s(t mute com=t ( gre5 ?+s gr[+4 ,d9ah ,m>ia ,mulock4 ,illu/ration ,bru% ,/udies ( ,grasses4 ,grasses & s$ges are "s ( ! gre5 ?+s t ne$ b little enc\ragem5t4 ,9 fact1 !y gr[ to greate/ size 9 "s neglect$ f5ce corn] or 9 places s wet t o!r plants d n fl\ri%4 ,grasses lack ! bright colors ( fl[]s1 b !y are f9e /udies to draw1 because ( _! simple1 direct gr[? & ! int]e/+ %apes ( _! leaves & heads4 ,y w enjoy bru% draw+s1 us+ color or ink1 ( diff]5t k9ds ( grasses4 ,select ?ree or f\r ( l>ge size & place !m 9 a bottle4 ,!y w !n fall gracefully into a natural position4 ,beh9d ! bottle place a tall backgr\nd ( "s k9d1 s t ! %apes ( ! grasses w be cle>ly se54 ,use pap] l>ge en\gh to %[ 9 life size ! grass heads & "p ( ! leaves & /ems4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! /udy1 practice draw+ grass leaves ) "o /roke ( ! bru%1 )\t fir/ outl9+ _! %apes4 ,!n draw f ! arrangem5t be=e y1 work+ freely ) ! bru%4 ,9 /udy+ ! leaves1 notice :]e ! greate/ wid? is se54 ,obs]ve ! size & direction ( ! /ems1 & draw !m s t !y express ! upright gr[? & ! grace ( ! plant4 ,grass /ems are n l ! /ems ( fl[]+ plants or v9es4 ,try to see & express ! diff]5ce4 ,select+ ) a ,f9d] ! ,mo/ ,int]e/+ ,"p ( a ,sket*4 ,illu/ration ,d y see :at has be5 done ) ! draw+ ( grasses8 ,a f9d] 0 mov$ ab\t on ! sket* until a pleas+ arrangem5t ( %apes appe>$ )9 ! op5+4 ,y w notice x 0 n necess>y to %[ ! :ole ( ea* leaf & head4 ,! sket* on ?is page w\ld be q satisfactory1 if x 7 cut out along ! inn] edges ( ! f9d] & m\nt$ ^u ano!r %eet ( pap]4 ,bru% draw+s ( grasses & common we$s are beautiful :5 drawn 9 color ^u a t9t$ backgr\nd4 ,y c t9t pap] ) wat]-color 9 mu* ! same way t y put on l&scape wa%es4 ,damp5 a %eet ( pap]1 & !n apply a v little r$1 blue1 & yell[1 wa%+ ! ?ree colors d[n ! %eet4 ,a little practice w tea* y h[ to use ! color to get a gre5-gray1 a yell[-gray1 or a blue-gray t9t4 ,t9t sev]al %eets at "o lesson4 ,us+ a %eet ( y\r t9t$ pap]1 make a bru% draw+ 9 color1 f a gr[? ( grass or s$ge4 ,draw 9 l>ge size1 & make a f9d] picture f y\r sket*4 ,illu/ration ,autumn ,leaves & ,b]ries4 ,if y h nev] se5 ! bitt]-sweet v9e gr[+ ov] a dead tree1 y h miss$ a beautiful sight4 ,9 ! fall its bright b]ries hang 9 graceful clu/]s1 & /ay on ! v9e long aft] its leaves h fall54 ,! real b]ry is held 9 ! close grasp ( a sev]al-p>t$ case until a %>p fro/ bur/s ! out] cov]+ & %[s ! sc>let fruit )94 ,! sket* on ?is page is f a spray ( bitt]sweet be=e ! leaves h dropp$4 ,y c see t 9 ! leaves m yell[ ?an is usual 0 us$1 because _! color is decid$ly yell[-gre54 ,mo/ ( ! b]ries are %[n1 /ill held 9 _! orange-color$ cases4 ,c y tell :at two colors 7 us$ 9 pa9t+ ! b]ries8 ,sometimes yell[ & gre5 alone d n give y ! gre5 y may desire2 if y add a little r$ x w s(t51 or make gray1 a gre5 t seems too bright4 ,*oose a bright spray ( autumn leaves & place x aga9/ a backgr\nd4 ,/udy ! gr[?1 ! diff]5t %apes ( leaves & b]ries1 & ! color4 ,pa9t 9 life size j :at y see4 ,a ,fl[] & ,its ,gr[? ,express$ 9 ,color4 ,illu/ration ,memb]s ( ! iris family are f\nd 9 _m places4 ,! dw>f g>d5 iris blossoms v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & has %ort1 /\t /ems1 be>+ sev]al fl[]s4 ,! common blue flag f\nd 9 wet places is a c\ntry c\s9 ( ! g>d5 iris4 ,bo? are relat$ to ! fl[]-de-luce1 ! /ately lily ( ,france4 ,!y are unlike o!r fl[]s 9 %ape1 & are beautiful 9 color1 ) sword-%ap$ leaves4 ,! sket* on ?is page %[s two diff]5t colors ( ! iris4 ,if y _c f9d fl[]s l !m1 *oose a /alk ( blue flag or e>ly g>d5 iris4 ,fl[]s ( all k9ds mu/ be pa9t$ ) fre%1 clean colors1 us$ directly f ! box4 ,d n mix or /ir color 9 ! palette4 ,colors t are h&l$ too mu* become muddy & dead4 ,"o color may be dropp$ 9 ano!r1 all[+ !m to bl5d on ! pap]4 ,y h made /a9$ glass effects 9 ?is way4 ,sometimes two colors may be tak5 9 ! bru% at once4 ,!y w fl[ toge!r z y draw4 ,= in/ance1 if y fill y\r bru% ) yell[ & dip x lightly 9 blue1 y c make a bru% /roke ( gre54 ,9 pa9t+ ! violet iris1 r$ may be dropp$ 9 blue4 ,be=e pa9t+ y\r fl[] /udy1 practice draw+ leaves & l>ge petals 9 ?is direct way4 ,illu/ration ,a ,fl[] 9 ,diff]5t ,positions4 ,suppose t 9 ! sket* on page #bj1 ea* leaf _h be5 ( ! same size & %ape4 ,w\ld y h lik$ ! picture z well8 ,plants t are regul> 9 _! gr[?1 l ! f]n or ! ivy1 are seldom *os5 = sket*es4 ,we l to see a v>iety ( %apes & sizes4 ,ev5 :5 ! leaves ( a plant h ! same g5]al %ape1 _! positions make _! %apes appe> unlike4 ,s x is ) fl[]s4 ,on ?is page are ?ree diff]5t draw+s ( ! same fl[]4 ,c y tell :y !y are n alike8 ,x is because ! fl[] 0 held 9 ?ree diff]5t positions4 ,:5 ! fl[]-head is turn$ t[>d y1 z 9 ! fir/ sket*1 its %ape is q l a circle4 ,9 ! second sket*1 ! %ape is mu* n>r[] f front to back1 & "s ( ! petals appe> %ort]4 ,c y tell h[ x 0 held8 ,! ?ird sket* %[s ! back or "u side ( ! fl[]1 & ! %ape is aga9 diff]5t4 ,y see1 !n1 t e fl[] y draw mu/ be /udi$ c>efully1 to f9d ! %ape z x really appe>s to y4 ,take a l>ge fl[]1 l ! br[n-ey$ ,susan or ! sunfl[]1 & draw x 9 diff]5t positions4 ,use bru% or crayon = y\r sket*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,popl> ,,balm ,,( ,,gilead ,,dogwood ,,horse ,,*e/nut ,,lilac ,gr[? & ,%apes ( ,tree ,buds4 ,9 ! bright days ( ,febru>y or e>ly ,m>*1 be=e spr+ has really come1 place "s bran*es ( common trees & %rubs 9 wat]1 & keep !m ne> a sunny w9d[ 9 ! h\se4 ,y c !n wat* ! buds swell1 z !y wak5 f _! long w9t] sleep4 ,e day w %[ "s *ange 9 _! %ape & size4 ,y w enjoy mak+ sket*es ( ! twigs1 f day to day1 z ! buds gr[ & ! little leaves appe>4 ,on ?is page are "s draw+s t %[ u diff]5t =ms ( gr[?1 & ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* ,"m ,nature protects h] t5d] baby leaves4 ,make "s sket*es f ! beautiful tree buds ( e>ly spr+4 ,illu/ration ,a ,/udy ( ! ,g]anium4 ,9 any w9d[ box ( gr[+ plants1 y w be almo/ sure to see ! g]anium4 ,x lifts its bright blossoms among ! gre5 leaves1 & gr[s ?rifty & /rong1 if its simple ne$s are suppli$4 ,! sket* %[s y a /alk ( g]anium4 ,! leaves 7 v simil> 9 %ape z !y grew1 b 9 ! sket* _! position has giv5 !m f\r diff]5t %apes4 ,:5 y /udy y\r own /alk1 see if ! leaves %[ y ! same int]e/+ v>iety4 ,d y notice t ! fl[]-head does n %[ ea* blossom1 sep>ate & di/9ct8 ,! %ape ( ! :ole clu/] is express$1 ) a few petals %[+ m pla9ly ne> ! outside ( ! clu/]4 ,a good way to get ! bright sc>let ( ! fl[] clu/] is to pa9t x 9 ) a yell[ wa%2 !n drop 9 r$4 ,y w ne$ r$ to s(t5 ! gre5 ( ! leaves1 & probably y w see a rosy color 9 "s p>ts ( ! /alk & /ems4 ,pa9t a /alk ( g]anium aga9/ a backgr\nd1 at "s di/ance f y4 ,illu/ration ,root ,gr[?s ( ,spr+4 ,on y\r walks ?r\gh ! woods 9 ! e>ly spr+ days1 y surely h discov]$ ^! plant gr[?s f roots :i* h liv$ all w9t]4 ,!y are ! bloodroot1 ! hepatica1 & ! f]n4 ,! hepatica comes fir/1 ) its pale violet blossoms ne>ly hidd5 "u a ?ick cov]+ ( ! dead leaves ( ! =e/4 ,its little buds seem to be protect$ f ! cold by s(t g>m5ts ( fur4 ,all w9t] long ! spott$ leaves ( la/ autumn h /ay$ on ! plant4 ,!y are beautiful n[1 9 %ape & 9 color4 ,! bloodroot has a l>ge r\nd leaf :i* folds close ab\t ! fl[]-bud until ! sn[-:ite blossoms op54 ,its root is a sort ( und]gr\nd /em1 & has a bright orange or r$ juice1 f :i* ! plant is nam$4 ,f9d "s ( ! root gr[?s ( e>ly spr+4 ,dig !m up c>efully1 )\t %ak+ ! e>? f ! roots1 & place !m :]e _! :ole gr[? c be se54 ,make *>coal or bru% draw+s ( ! :ole plant4 ,illu/ration ,! ,gr[? ( ,leaves4 ,!re are c]ta9 =ms ( gr[? t belong to diff]5t plant families4 ,9 draw+ f fl[]s & plants1 ^! family lik5esses mu/ always be tru?fully %[n4 ,a rose leaf does n gr[ l ! leaf ( a ?i/le1 & a p9e ne$le is n at all l ! ?ick1 r\nd pad ( a wat]-lily4 ,on ?is page are %[n diff]5t gr[?s f trees & plants t y "k4 ,f9d ! sket* ( ! sl5d] leaves ( ! p9e2 ! palmate or h&-l leaves ( ! horse-*e/nut1 ) its sev5 leaflets gr[+ f "o foot/alk2 ! honeysuckle1 ^: leaves sit closely on ! /em2 ! famili> clov]1 ) its ?ree-p>t$ leaf2 ! rose1 & ! w&]+ jew1 or jo9t plant4 ,/udy ! ways 9 :i* ^! diff]5t gr[?s are express$4 ,br+ twigs or sprays ( diff]5t trees & plants1 & draw !m c>efully ) p5cil4 ,^! are good /udies = y\r sket*-book4 ,int]e/+ ,gr[? ( a ,vegetable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tomato ,vegetables f ! g>d5 make f9e /udies to draw & to pa9t4 ,almo/ any fruit or vegetable is m int]e/+ if /udi$ z x gr[s4 ,we d n (t5 *oose to pa9t or draw a s+le fl[] )\t its /em1 leaves1 buds1 & all ( ! p>ts t are includ$ :5 we speak ( its gr[?4 ,x is ! pres5ce ( all ( ^! %apes t gives v>iety to a draw+4 ,d y n ?9k ! sket* ( ! tomato is mu* m int]e/+ because x %[s ! gr[? ( ! plant8 ,! leaves1 /ems1 /alks1 & ! l>ge & small tomatoes make an attractive arrangem5t ( %apes4 ,!y 7 fir/ drawn j z !y appe>$1 & !n ! f9d] 0 mov$ ab\t ^u ! sket*1 to f9d its mo/ beautiful "p4 ,illu/ration ,beans1 peas1 beets1 turnips1 radi%es1 & _m o!r vegetables may be br\ght f ! s*ool g>d5 or f ! g>d5 at home1 to use 9 a draw+ lesson4 ,a gr[? ( cucumb] v9e w\ld be an int]e/+ /udy4 ,make a bru% or *>coal draw+ f some?+ ( ?is k9d1 & !n use y\r f9d] to select ! mo/ int]e/+ "p4 ,cut out y\r f9d] picture & m\nt x neatly4 ,! ,gr[? ( ! ,orange ,tree4 ,a ,famili> ,fruit4 ,:5 y see ! bright pyramids ( oranges on fruit-/&s or 9 /ore w9d[s1 d y wond] :]e ! fruit comes f1 or ^u :at k9d ( a tree x gr[s8 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( our c\ntry !re are a great _m orange trees1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,florida & ,s\!rn ,cali=nia "k !m z well z ! *ildr5 ( ! nor? "k apple or *]ry trees4 ,! ,orange ,tree4 ,look at ! picture ( ! tree1 on page #bi4 ,x is n a tree t "o w\ld *oose to put 9 a l&scape1 because x is n :at is call$ picturesque--x is too trim1 ev51 & regul>4 ,its *ief beauty is 9 its color+4 ,its sph]es ( gold5 sun%9e hang 9 ! mid/ ( glossy1 d>k gre5 leaves1 & sometimes ! fruit /ays on ! tree until ! buds & blossoms ( a new crop appe>4 ,x is no uncommon sight to see an orange tree be>+ leaves1 buds1 blossoms1 & fruit1 all at ! same "t4 ,"o ( ! sket*es %[s y a spray ( orange blossoms4 ,!y are :ite & waxy1 ) a /rong1 sweet fragrance4 ,ga!r+ ! ,fruit4 ,sometimes1 ! trees are s heavily lad5 ) fruit t props are put "u ! bran*es to keep !m f break+ (f be=e ! crop is ready to be ga!r$4 ,! fruit is n all[$ to fall f ! tree1 b :5 x is ripe an army ( pick]s1 ea* "o provid$ ) a cutt] & a canvas bag1 comes to ! grove4 ,! pick]s d n climb ! tree & %ake ! b\ghs1 z y w\ld d if y 7 ga!r+ nuts1 b !y m\nt ladd]s1 c>efully cut ea* orange f its twig1 & put x 9 ! bag4 ,! bags1 :5 fill$1 are empti$ into boxes1 :i* are c>ri$ to ! pack+ h\se4 ,!re ! oranges are sort$ into lots1 accord+ to size1 wrapp$ 9 tissue-pap]--ea* orange by itself--& pack$ 9 boxes = %ipm5t4 ,y h se5 !m 9 _! tissue wrapp+1 aft] !y h rea*$ _! j\rney's end4 ,designs f ! ,orange4 ,"o ( ! sket*es on page #bi %[s ! gr[? ( "s oranges ) _! leaves & twigs4 ,bel[ is a design made by repeat+ ! %apes ( ! orange1 its leaves & /em4 ,any %ape or gr\p ( %apes t is repeat$ 9 a design is call$ a unit4 ,d y "k :at sugge/$ ! unit %[n 9 "o ( ! small sket*es above ! tree8 ,sket* f ! gr[? ( any fruit y c get4 ,try to make f ! %apes y f9d 9 y\r own /udy1 a simple unit ( design4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,life ,,& ,,action ,:]e ! pools are bright & deep1 ,:]e ! gray tr\t lies asleep1 ,up ! riv] & o'er ! lea1 ,t's ! way = ,billy & me4 ,p & ,animals4 ,an ,out-(-door ,picture4 ,on ! opposite page is a picture t seems to invite y to close y\r books & g into ! c\ntry = a picnic or = a day's fi%+4 ,y _c look at ! grassy mead[1 ! little riv]1 ! tall trees1 ! di/ant hills & woods1 )\t wi%+ t y might be !re4 ,:at fun x w\ld be to sit on ^? big1 flat /ones & dabble y\r feet 9 ! wat] :ile y ate y\r lun*1 or to hold y\r fi%-pole ov] "o ( ! deep pools1 :]e ! gray tr\t lies asleep6 ,a ,new ,int]e/4 ,if any "o %\ld ask y to tell :at "p ( ! picture int]e/$ y mo/1 :at w\ld y say8 ,w\ld y ?9k fir/ ( ! /ream1 its pleasant banks1 ! tall trees1 ! l>ge /ones1 ! di/ant hills & fields8 ,or w\ld y say at once t x 0 ! pres5ce ( ! boys 9 ! picture t fir/ attract$ y8 ,y wond] :]e !y came f1 :]e !y are go+1 :at !y are c>ry+ ov] _! %\ld]s & 9 _! h&s4 ,y are glad t !re are two boys in/ead ( "o 9 ! picture1 = 9 y\r own sports & games ! pleasure is d\bl$ if "s "o is ) y4 ,our ,companions & ,fri5ds4 ,suppose y 7 able to live 9 t "p ( ! _w t seems mo/ beautiful to y4 ,d y ?9k t ! l&scape alone1 or ! mo/ int]e/+ ( plants & fl[]s w\ld be en\gh to make y happy8 ,no matt] h[ mu* y enjoy$ ^! ?+s1 or h[ mu* y might love ! beautiful c\ntry1 no?+ c\ld take ! place ( companions & fri5ds4 ,no books or toys or f9e h\ses c\ld keep y f be+ lonely if y _h no "o to talk to or to play )4 ,our bro!rs & si/]s & fri5ds are wor? all ! books & toys & f9e h\ses 9 ! _w4 ,our ,fri5ds among ! ,animals4 ,we h _m good fri5ds1 too1 among ! animals4 ,x is true !y _c talk ) u1 b "s ( !m seem to und]/& :at we say to !m1 & !y %[ u 9 _m ways :at !y ?9k & h[ !y feel4 ,d y n "k :5 y\r dog is glad or sorry1 ?ir/y or hungry1 pr\d or a%am$8 ,h[ does he tell y8 ,draw+ our ,fri5ds4 ,9 ! *apt] t foll[s1 y w /udy y\r playmates1--! boys & girls t y "k & l1--& "s ( y\r fri5ds among ! animals4 ,y w le>n to draw !m z !y look1 & to express _! action j z y express$ :at y discov]$ ab\t fl[]s4 ,! _w is s full ( a numb] ( ?+s1 ,i'm sure we %\ld all be z happy z k+s6 ,illu/ration ,draw+ f a ,pose4 ,little *ildr5 ) _! bright dresses & picturesque bonnets make delightful /udies = u to draw & to pa9t4 ,!y are g5]ally glad to pose = a few m9utes1 :ile hav+ _! pictures tak54 ,! sket* ( ?is little *ild 0 made f ! pose1 9 a s*ool-room4 ,! little girl /ood on a table 9 front ( ! pupils & held a /r+1 :i* 0 fa/5$ to a toy boat4 ,! color & %ape ( h] sun%ade & ( ! color-mass ( h] dress1 ! position ( h] arm1 ! size & l5g? ( h] legs & feet1 7 all c>efully /udi$ & drawn4 ,! blue wat]s ( ! lake1 ! sail-boat1 & ! s&y %ore1 7 add$ f memory to complete ! picture4 ,make a pose draw+ f y\r small bro!r or si/]1 or f "s little fri5d4 ,a p9k or blue bonnet might be us$ z "p ( ! co/ume1 in/ead ( a hat4 ,let ! pose repres5t "s "* or occupation4 ,add a v simple l&scape4 ,use wat]-color or color$ crayons4 ,illu/ration ,diff]5t ,positions ( ! ,same ,pose4 ,9 y\r /udy ( plants y f\nd t ! appe>ance ( a leaf or fl[] dep5d$ ^u its position4 ,9 mak+ a picture ( a daisy z x gr[s1 we d n %[ ! exact size & %ape ( leaves & petals1 z !y w\ld look if we laid !m on pap] & trac$ ar\nd !m4 ,su* a draw+1 :ile x might %[ c]ta9 facts ( ! plant1 w\ld n tell ! tru? ab\t its appe>ance4 ,9 draw+ f boys & girls1 also1 we mu/ /udy appe>ances4 ,we "k t our model has two eyes & two e>s1 & t ! nose is 9 ! middle ( ! face4 ,yet ! model may /& s t we d n see all or any ( ^? features4 ,/udy ! f\r draw+s above1 & tell h[ ! girl is /&+ 9 ea* sket*4 ,"o ( y\r s*oolmates w pose :ile y make f\r five-m9ute sket*es f f\r diff]5t positions ( ! same pupil4 ,make l>ge draw+s1 us+ *>coal or crayon4 ,y\r model %\ld n /& m ?an five m9utes )\t re/+4 ,illu/ration ,?ree ,/eps 9 ,pose ,draw+4 ,:5 y drew ! %apes ( trees1 y f\nd t if y made a mi/ake 9 ! proportions ( a tree y c\ld n make ! picture tru?ful by draw+ ! bran*es1 ! foliage1 or ! little twigs ev] s p]fectly4 ,s x is 9 draw+ f ! figure4 ,suppose y plan a sket* t is t5 in*es f ! top ( ! head to ! foot4 ,a good way to d w\ld be to draw a light l9e or place two da%es1 to indicate ! height4 ,!n decide h[ mu* ( t height is ne$$ = ! head2 = ! wai/2 = ! l5g? ( skirt or tr\s]s2 = ! legs & feet4 ,next1 ?9k ab\t ! wid? & %ape ( ^! v>i\s p>ts1 & sket* !m 9 z lightly & brok5ly z ! l9es are 9 ! fir/ sket* on ?is page4 ,if y\r "w is correct up to ?is po9t1 y c f9i% ! %apes a little m1 z 9 ! second sket*4 ,y w n[ h /udi$ ! %apes & proportions ( ! ?+s ( mo/ importance 9 ! sket*4 ,!n ! masses ( light & d>k may be express$4 ,f ! pose ( "o ( y\r s*oolmates1 try "o l>ge sket*1 done by ! ?ree /ages %[n above4 ,use *>coal or crayon4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,"s ,proportions ( ! ,human ,figure4 ,al?\gh ^! skeleton figures are /iff & angul> 9 appe>ance1 f !m y c le>n some?+ ab\t ! human figure t y w be glad to "k4 ,9 ea* ( !m ! ?igh l9e is exactly half way betwe5 ! top ( ! head & ! foot4 ,! knee-jo9t is half way betwe5 ! ?igh l9e & ! foot4 ,! %\ld] l9e is plac$ at ! base ( ! neck1 & ! elb[-jo9t is betwe5 two slant+ l9es t repres5t ! l[] & upp] arm4 ,a k ( ^! ?+s w help y 9 draw+ ! g>m5ts or clo!s ( a pose4 ,! wai/ is a little above ! ?igh l9e1 & is s drawn 9 ,figure #d4 ,! bottom ( ! bl\se 9 ,figure #b is a little bel[ ! wai/ l9e1 b is /ill above ! ?igh l9e4 ,/& up & hold y\r arms close to y\r sides1 & notice :]e ! tip ( ! middle f+] comes1 9 relation to ! knee-jo9t4 ,be c>eful n to draw ! arms too %ort or too long4 ,draw two skeleton figures l ,figure #a4 ,make !m at lea/ f\r in*es tall4 ,on "o skeleton draw ! g>m5ts ( a boy1 c>efully /udy+ ! clo!s worn by a real boy4 ,! o!r is to be dress$ l a girl4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,actions & ,attitudes ( ! ,human ,figure4 ,action & attitude1 z well z proportion1 c be express$ by ! simple l9e figures on ?is page4 ,y d n ne$ ! second & f\r? sket*es to tell y ( ! action express$ 9 ! fir/ & ?ird4 ,9 ! figures on page #ce1 ! l9es 7 ne>ly all v]tical & horizontal2 ! figures 7 /&+ /ill4 ,9 ,figure #a on ?is page1 y notice t e l9e is slant+2 ! figure expresses action4 ,/& erect1 & ?9k ( ! direction ( l9es t y\r body takes4 ,!n pu% h>d ) bo? h&s aga9/ a wall4 ,y c feel t y\r erect position is *ang$4 ,! v]tical l9es become slant+1 or oblique4 ,/udy ! l9es & _! *ang$ relations 9 ,figure #c4 ,draw sev]al l9e sket*es t express a famili> action1 su* z walk+1 jump+1 runn+1 ly+1 or sitt+4 ,clo! ^! action sket*es4 ,illu/ration ,h&s & ,feet4 ,y h drawn f ! figure long en\gh to f9d out t h&s & feet are by no means ! easie/ ?+s 9 ! _w to draw4 ,l almo/ ev]y?+ else1 !y *ange _! appe>ance ) e *ange ( position4 ,we _c le>n to draw a h& or a foot s t we c use x 9 all k9ds ( poses4 ,we c only le>n to see ! diff]5t sizes & %apes :i* ea* new position %[s1 & try to draw !m z !y appe>4 ,! sket*es on ?is page are good /udies = y to copy4 ,:5 y c d ?is well1 try to draw ! h&s or feet ( "o ( y\r fri5ds4 ,sometimes a pair ( boots or rubb]s may be plac$ 9 exactly ! same position t !y w\ld be 9 7 ! pose actually /&+4 ,practice draw+ f /udies l ^! until y are bett] able to see %apes1 & to draw !m tru?fully4 ,an ,animal ,pose4 ,h y a dog t w sit up & beg1 or c>ry a basket8 ,p]haps he w\ld n object to pos+ 9 s*ool1 ) 8 ma/] or mi/ress4 ,illu/ration ,if y\r tea*] c arrange = a lesson ( ?is k9d1 *oose l>ge pap]1 & sket* rapidly ) *>coal or crayon4 ,beg9 ) ! dog1 = he w *ange 8 position soon1 & y mu/ get quickly ! ma9 l9es t w %[ 8 attitude & %ape4 ,!n y c sket* ! figure ( ! boy or girl aft] ! dog has gr[n tir$4 ,d y notice 9 ! picture1 ! f9e arrangem5t ( light & d>k8 ,! boy's light wai/ contra/s well ) 8 d>k tr\s]s & cap4 ,! little dog1 too1 is m attractive because ( 8 :ite spott+4 ,f9i% y\r draw+ by add+ d>k masses1 z sugge/$ by ! pose4 ,illu/ration ,actions & ,attitudes ( ,animals4 ,y w enjoy mak+ skeleton sket*es ( animals4 ,on ?is page are %[n ?ree diff]5t positions ( a dog4 ,v few l9es are us$ 9 ,figure #a1 yet !y are s plac$ t y "k at once ! animal t is repres5t$1 its attitude1 & its %ape4 ,l9es t tell ! important facts ab\t an object are call$ lead+ l9es4 ,! skeleton figures we h be5 /udy+ %[ u ! lead+ l9es 9 c]ta9 attitudes ( p & animals4 ,if ! lead+ l9es ( any object are correctly drawn1 ! f9i%$ sket* is almo/ sure to be good4 ,f ! pose ( a dog1 or ( any o!r animal t y c /udy1 make lead+ l9e sket*es4 ,be=e y try to clo! ^! skeletons1 /udy c>efully ! proportions express$ by y\r fir/ draw+4 ,if a mi/ake is !re1 correct x4 ,!n /udy & draw ! %apes & sizes ( head1 legs1 tail1 e>s1 etc4 ,sometimes p>ts ( y\r lead+ l9es c be us$1 z p>ts ( ! f9i%$ outl9e4 ,use p5cil or *>coal = "w ( ?is k9d4 ,^! are good /udies = y\r sket*-book4 ,illu/ration ,! ,spott+1 or ,light & ,d>k ,values1 ( ,animals4 ,:5 y wi% a m f9i%$ sket* ( an animal1 y %\ld fir/ /udy & draw ! lead+ l9es1 j z y did 9 ! lesson be=e ?is4 ,! proportions & %apes ( all p>ts ( ! sket* mu/ be true1 be=e any ?\ght is giv5 to ! plann+ ( eyes1 e>s1 nose1 or any o!r small feature4 ,if y are able to express quickly1 ) a few l9es1 ! mo/ important facts1 x w n matt] s mu* if ! pose moves ab\t or *anges position4 ,we _c expect a dog or a pigeon to keep "o position until we h made a f9i%$ sket*4 ,! quick use ( eyes & p5cil w enable y to make notes ( some?+ t y c "w on aft] ! pose has *ang$ position4 ,/udy an animal pose1 & plan to make a l>ge sket* t w %[ its color+1 or values ( light & d>k4 ,a black & :ite cat1 or a spott$ rabbit w d z well z a dog4 ,let ! animal take a natural position on a table be=e ! class4 ,sket* ! lead+ l9es t %[ ?is position4 ,!n draw ! %ape ( ! head & body1 ! legs & tail4 ,:5 all ^! %apes & proportions are tru?fully express$1 add ! d>k masses t %[ ! spott+ ( ! animal4 ,illu/ration ,/udy ( a ,pigeon4 ,9 ! beautiful city ( ,v5ice is "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ca!drals 9 ! _w4 ,x is call$ ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,! front ( ! build+ faces a l>ge op5 space1 :i* is surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by anci5t palaces ( m>ble4 ,^! old build+s1 ) _! ar*es & t[]s1 & ! nooks & crannies ( ! ca!dral1 =m f9e ne/+ places = pigeons1 & hundr$s & ?\s&s ( !m are f\nd fly+ ab\t ! squ>e4 ,ye>s ago1 ! pigeons 7 f$ at ! city's exp5se1 & any "o :o injur$ or kill$ "o ( !m 0 f9$ or put 9 prison4 ,! p ?\ght t ! pigeons br\ght peace & prosp]ity to _! city1 & kept x f be+ swall[$ by ! waves4 ,if y %\ld visit ! squ>e today1 & %\ld br+ ) y "o ( ! little bags ( corn t ! /reet v5d]s sell = a p5ny1 y w\ld be in/antly surr\nd$ by pigeons4 ,/udy a pet pigeon1 :i* "s "o w br+ to s*ool4 ,notice ! oval %ape ( ! body1 ! beautiful curve ( ! w+s1 & ! lovely spott+ ( light & d>k values4 ,! legs are set f> back on ! body1 & !y & ! little feet are z r$ z a rose4 ,draw ! lead+ l9es ) a bru% /roke ( light gray4 ,/udy c>efully ! proportions ( head1 body1 w+s1 tail1 legs1 & feet4 ,:5 ^! are correctly drawn1 add ! d>k & middle values1 to %[ spott+4 ,illu/ration ,life & ,action ,%[n 9 a ,ma/]piece4 ,( all pictures 9 ! _w probably none are m int]e/+ to u ?an ^? :i* tell u ( ! lives ( p2 ( _! "w1 _! times ( re/1 _! joys & _! sorr[s4 ,y probably "k _m ( ! pictures ( ,millet1 :o pa9t$ ! simple c\ntry life ( ,fr5* peasants1 z !y work$ 9 ! fields1 wat*$ _! flocks1 or c>$ = _! *ildr5 at home4 ,millet's pictures make u feel great respect = a man or woman :o works4 ,! picture %[n y on ?is page is f a pa9t+ call$ ,load+ ! ,c>t1 by ,anton ,mauve1 a native ( ,holl&4 ,he1 l ,millet1 0 a pa9t] ( quiet c\ntry l&scapes & f>m life4 ,9 ?is picture1 notice h[ few are ! %apes & masses he has c>$ to pa9t4 ,he seems to h ?\ght only ( ! big ?+s--! sky1 ! gr\nd1 a clump ( trees1 a b5d+ figure1 a pati5t horse1 a load$ c>t4 ,x is ! arti/'s task to %[ u ! beauty :i* lies 9 a simple c\ntry sc5e l ?is4 ,anton ,mauve 0 born 9 #ahdh & di$ 9 #ahhh4 ,he made 8 fir/ exhibition ( pa9t+s 9 ,am]ica at ,philadelphia 9 #ahgf4 ,home ,ex]cises4 #a4 ,pa9t f ! pose ( a little girl dress$ z ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood4 #b4 ,make six bru% draw+s %[+ diff]5t positions ( any pet animal t y h at home4 #c4 ,make a skeleton draw+ 9 illu/ration ( ! foll[+3 ,jack be nimble1 ,jack be quick1 ,jack jump ov] ! c&le/ick4 #d4 ,illu/rate 9 a bru% or outl9e draw+ any "o v]se ( ,old ,"m ,hubb>d4 #e4 ,%[ 9 a draw+ ! game y l be/ to play4 #f4 ,%[ by a skeleton draw+ ! action express$ by ! figure ( ! man 9 ! picture on page #db4 ,illu/ration ,,beauty ,,9 ,,common ,,?+s ,illu/ration ,,we',,re ,,made ,,s ,,t ,,we ,,love ,,fir/ ,,:5 ,,we ,,see ,,!m ,,pa9t$1 ,,?+s ,,we ,,h ,,pass$ ,,p]haps ,a ,,hundr$ ,,times1 ,,nor ,,c>$ ,,to ,,see4 ,,fra ,,lippo ,,lippi4 ,,rob]t ,,br[n+4 ,le>n+ to ,see ,beauty4 ,h[ ,we ,see ,?+s4 ,! be/ ?+ t our lessons 9 draw+ & pa9t+ c d = u is to tea* u to see4 ,to truly see a ?+ means t eyes & bra9s mu/ "w toge!r4 ,our eyes mu/ look & our bra9s mu/ ?9k2 t is :at gives u ! p[] to see4 ,int]e/+ ,?+s ,out ( ,doors4 ,:5 y 7 mak+ a special /udy ( l&scape1 y f\nd t _m ?+s out ( doors t y _h n ?\ght ab\t be=e1 became v int]e/+ to y4 ,y began to notice ! colors ( ! sky & e>?1 ! %apes ( trees1 ! =ms ( cl\ds1 ! *ange f day to night4 ,^! ?+s _h always be5 ar\nd y1 b y _h n ?\ght ab\t !m1 & s y _h n really se5 !m4 ,obs]v+ ,our ,surr\nd+s4 ,y\r lessons f fl[]s & plants1 & f birds & animals help y to see & enjoy mu* m 9 nature ?an y did be=e4 ,a walk 9 ! c\ntry1 or ev5 along ! city /reet1 is nev] dull to "o :o is int]e/$ 9 :at is go+ on ar\nd him1 & ^: eyes are tra9$ to really see4 ,beauty 9 ,common ,?+s4 ,n all ( ! beauty ( ! _w is out ( doors4 ,?+s ab\t u 9 our homes are (t5 int]e/+ 9 _! "*1 & !y %\ld be beautiful z well4 ,! picture on ! opposite page %[s y an old-fa%ion$ kit*5 fireside4 ,! wide he>?1 ! logs ( wood1 ! &irons1 ! pots & kettles hang+ ov] ! fire1 all give y a s5se ( homely com=t & *e]4 ,w\ld y n l to draw y\r *air close to ! blaz+ logs on a cold w9t] night1 & roa/ apples1 or pop corn1 :ile ! w9d h[l$ & ro>$ up ! big *imney8 ,!re is real beauty 9 ?is picture ( home & ! common ?+s ( e-day use4 ,f9d+ & ,express+ ,beauty4 ,9 ! h\ses we live 9 n[adays1 !re may be no kit*5 fireplaces l ?is2 b ! ?\ght t we get f ! picture is t beauty may be f\nd 9 ^? ?+s = :i* we sometimes c>e ! lea/4 ,let u /udy ! common di%es we cook )1 ! vegetables t come f m>ket or g>d51 ! furniture we use e day4 ,let u discov] = ourselves :e!r ^! ?+s are beautiful or ugly4 ,if beauty is !re1 let u f9d x1 & %[ x to o!rs4 ,if we enjoy ^? ?+s :i* are really beautiful1 we %all f9d !m ev]y:]e1 & if we try1 we ourselves %all be able to d some?+ :i* w add1 9 "s small way1 to ! beauty ( ! _w 9 :i* we live4 ,illu/ration ,a ,b[l 9 ,*>coal ,mass4 ,! b[l f :i* ?is sket* 0 made is ( common e>!nw>e1 n unlike ! clay us$ 9 mak+ fl[]-pots or tiles4 ,al?\gh ?is mat]ial is nei!r co/ly nor r>e1 articles made f x are beautiful1 if !y are pleas+ 9 %ape & proportion1 ta/eful 9 color+1 & well adapt$ to _! uses4 ,?is little b[l 0 probably meant to hold %ort-/emm$ fl[]s4 ,notice t x is l[ & broad1 ) a wide m\? or top4 ,x w hold pl5ty ( wat] = its purpose & w n easily be upset4 ,! inn] curve ne> ! top sugge/s a vase or fl[] hold]4 ,a b[l design$ = hold+ liquids or liquid food w\ld probably be )\t ?is curve 9 its outl9e4 ,! simple color+ ( ! b[l has also be5 c>efully plann$4 ,x is n by accid5t t ! glaze on ! inside is 9 d>k] value ?an ! outside color4 ,?is contra/ ( light & d>k is "o ( ! elem5ts ( beauty4 ,look = x 9 ?+s ab\t y1 & try to %[ its effect 9 sket*es t y make4 ,*oose a b[l ( simple =m %[+ light & d>k contra/s4 ,place x at "s di/ance f y1 s t y c see a little way into x4 ,draw ! b[l 9 *>coal mass1 us+ ! flat side ( a %ort piece ( *>coal or crayon4 ,illu/ration ,a ,wa%-,draw+ ( ! ,b[l4 ,! draw+ on ?is page1 ! "o on ! page be=e ?is1 & ! two on pages #dh & #di1 are all pictures ( ! same b[l4 ,!y d n look alike1 because !y are done ) diff]5t mat]ials1 or1 z we sometimes say1 ) diff]5t m$iums4 ,x is well = u to "k h[ to draw ) *>coal1 bru% & ink1 p5cil1 crayons1 & wat]-color1 s t we c *oose ! m$ium or mat]ial t seems be/ suit$ to ! p>ticul> object :i* we may wi% to repres5t4 ,a good workman und]/&s ! use ( _m tools4 ,draw+s t are made ) a bru% & wat] mix$ ) ink or color are sometimes call$ wa%-draw+s4 ,9 su* "w1 light & d>k effects are %[n1 r ?an actual color4 ,wa%-draw+s diff] 9 "* f draw+s made ) p5cil1 *>coal1 or crayons4 ,y c easily tell :i* sket*es ( ! b[l 7 made ) a wet m$ium & :i* ) a dry m$ium4 ,9 ! sket* on ?is page d y see t !re are two values %[n on ! inside ( ! b[l8 ,al?\gh ! inn] glaze 0 ev]y:]e ! same color1 ! deep %ad[s 9 ! b[l give ! effect ( a d>k] value4 ,make a wa%-draw+ ( ! b[l y /udi$ 9 *>coal mass4 ,d n draw its outl9e fir/4 ,wa% 9 ! %ape ( ! top1 & !n ! mass = ! front or out] surface4 ,notice ! use made ( ! :ite l9e 9 sugge/+ ! edge4 ,illu/ration ,! ,b[l 9 ,outl9e4 ,y "k t ! true %ape ( ! top ( ?is b[l is a circle4 ,b :5 ! b[l is plac$ on a table 9 front ( y1 its top appe>s n>r[] f front to back ?an x does f left to "r4 ,! %ape t y h (t5 drawn to %[ ?is appe>ance is call$ an ellipse4 ,9 a circle1 all diamet]s are equal4 ,9 an ellipse1 "o diamet] is always long] ?an ! o!r4 ,"s ellipses are m beautiful 9 _! proportions ?an o!rs4 ,if ! b[l _h be5 plac$ 9 a position :]e ! wid? ( ! ellipse look$ twice z great f front to back z x is %[n "h1 ! sket* w\ld be less pleas+4 ,g5]ally1 a n>r[ ellipse is m beautiful ?an a wide "o1 & 9 arrang+ objects l ! b[l = /udies1 we %\ld be c>eful to place !m s t ! ellipses d n appe> too wide f front to back4 ,! beauty ( ! proportions ( an ellipse has mu* to d ) ! beauty ( ! :ole draw+4 ,make an outl9e draw+ f a b[l1 c>efully /udy+ its %ape1 & ! proportions ( ! ellipse se5 at ! top4 ,sket* ! ellipse fir/1 beg9n+ at ! middle ( ! front edge1 & draw+ ! %ape ) "o /roke ( ! p5cil4 ,try to draw ! sides ( ! b[l j alike4 ,place a table-l9e 9 ! prop] place4 ,a table-l9e sugge/s a surface on :i* an object may re/4 ,illu/ration ,! ,b[l 9 ,color4 ,arti/s & o!r p :o draw & pa9t (t5 speak ( objects su* z y h lately be5 /udy+ z /ill life4 ,/ill life means objects )\t life1 l mo/ ( ^? /udi$ 9 ?is *apt]1 al?\gh fruits & fl[]s are also frequ5tly includ$4 ,m\nt$ birds & insects or o!r animal =ms f :i* life has gone are also class$ z /ill life4 ,x w\ld be correct to speak ( ! draw+ on ?is page z a /udy ( /ill life4 ,! gr\p on page #ej1 ! famili> objects %[n on page #ea1 & ! lant]ns on page #ed are all examples ( ! k9d ( objects t are includ$ "u ! head ( /ill life4 ,! little b[l appe>s aga91 n[1 p]haps1 9 its mo/ attractive way4 ,x is always a delight = u to see a beautiful bit ( color4 ,9 /udy+ ! sket*1 y c see h[ freely & simply ! bru% has done its "w1 %[+ ! fre%1 cle> color ( ! b[l1 ! d>k] value ( ! inn] l9+1 & ! gray-violet %ad[ ca/ ^u ! table4 ,make a wat]-color pa9t+ ( a simple piece ( /ill life1 *oos+ a color n too brilliant4 ,make ! entire draw+ ) ! bru%1 try+ n to "w y\r colors until ! life & fre%ness are lo/4 ,illu/ration ,a ,gr\p ( ,/ill ,life4 ,"h are two common articles t might be f\nd 9 any kit*54 ,! di% is a sort ( e>!nw>e kettle1 & %[s t x 0 design$ = cook+ purposes4 ,x is provid$ ) %ort legs & a h&le or bail4 ,! legs s]ve z supports = ! kettle1 & keep its r\nd+ surface f rock+1 :ile ! h&le is useful 9 lift+ ! kettle & its cont5ts f ! fire4 ,! kettle is simple 9 =m1 ( pleas+ proportions1 & %[s a good contra/ ( light & d>k values4 ,z y /udy ! sket*1 notice ! draw+ ( ! rim4 ,is x ( ! same ?ickness at e po9t8 ,/udy ! appe>ance ( rims 9 diff]5t b[ls1 & f9d out :]e !y appe> ?icke/4 ,! beet is decid$ly d>k] 9 value4 ,x is less regul> 9 %ape1 & its surface diff]s 9 quality f ! h>d1 smoo? surface ( ! kettle4 ,*oose = a gr\p two common objects ( h\sehold use1 t seem to belong toge!r4 ,9 y\r gr\p y %\ld h some?+ l>ge & some?+ small2 some?+ tall & some?+ %ort2 some?+ light & some?+ d>k2 some?+ ne> & some?+ f>4 ,sket* y\r gr\p lightly 9 outl9e1 & f9i% 9 *>coal mass4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,a ,gr[+ ,plant4 ,hyac9?s & tulips gr[ easily indoors1 & _! bright blossoms fill ! flori/s' w9d[s j at ! "t :5 we are beg9n+ to gr[ tir$ ( w9t] & to look =w>d to ! com+ ( spr+4 ,y c plant bulbs s t !y w gr[ & blossom 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,!re is no?+ m beautiful = a w9d[ decoration ?an a r[ ( tulips1 hyac9?s1 or daffodils4 ,a gr[+ plant ( ?is k9d is a f9e /udy 9 /ill life4 ,we enjoy look+ at x1 & we become mu* int]e/$ 9 try+ to express its beauty4 ,we are beg9n+ to und]/& "s ( ! elem5ts or laws ( beauty4 ,let u /udy ! draw+ on ?is page4 ,we h f\nd t a gr\p ( /ill life1 a spray ( plant gr[?1 or a l&scape %\ld %[ v>iety 9 %apes1 9 sizes ( %apes1 & 9 light & d>k1 or values4 ,does ! hyac9? %[ ^! contra/s8 ,notice ! %ape ( ! mass ( bloom1 z diff]+ f ! %apes ( ! long1 sl5d] leaves1 ! /em1 & ! fl[]-pot4 ,y w also f9d l>ge %apes & small 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! sket*4 ,! fl[]-pot & ! mass ( bloom are l>ge 9 proportion to ! leaves & /em4 ,contra/ & v>iety 9 color y c easily see4 ,make a draw+ ) color$ crayons or ) wat]-colors f a gr[+ plant1 9 bloom4 ,select "o t %[s simple gr[?1 few leaves1 & a bright mass ( color 9 ! blossom4 ,! ,plant 9 ,values4 ,illu/ration ,x is (t5 well to pa9t 9 grays a /udy t y h pa9t$ 9 color4 ,on page #i is a picture 9 values ( ! sunset sc5e on page #h4 ,:ile we _c express ! actual color ( objects ) any?+ b color1 we c %[ ! light & d>k effect ( color ) a gray m$ium1 su* z p5cil or *>coal1 ink or *>coal-gray wat]-color4 ,9 us+ a gray m$ium1 we mu/ try to keep our contra/s z well m>k$ z ?\gh we 7 us+ ! actual color itself4 ,suppose 9 ?is wa%-draw+ ( ! hyac9?1 ! fl[]1 ! leaves1 & ! fl[]-pot _h all be5 ( ! same value4 ,c y n imag9e h[ mu* su* a picture w\ld lose 9 int]e/8 ,! diff]5ce 9 values1 9 ! picture on ?is page1 sugge/s to u ! diff]5ce 9 color se5 9 ! plant4 ,if y look aga9 at ! draw+ ( ! hyac9? on page #eb1 y w see t ! d>ke/ colors 9 x are ! r$-violet ( ! blossom & ! r$-gray ( ! fl[]-pot4 ,^! are repres5t$ 9 ! wa%-draw+ by d>k gray4 ,! gray-gre5 ( ! leaves is %[n 9 a light] gray value4 ,9 wa%+ 9 ! fl[]-pot1 ! flange1 toge!r ) ! ellipse = ! top1 %\ld be drawn fir/4 ,!n ! base c be add$1 9 a value :i* is deep5$ a little directly "u ! flange4 ,select a plant 9 bloom1 f :i* to make a wa%-draw+4 ,a tulip or a daffodil w\ld make a good /udy4 ,/udy its gr[?1 ! %apes & sizes ( its diff]5t p>ts1 ! values ( its blossom1 leaves1 & /ems1 & ( ! j> 9 :i* x gr[s4 ,%[ h[ beautiful a picture ( a plant & its bright fl[] may be made1 )\t ! use ( color4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,! ,acc5t$ ,l9e4 ,h y ev] he>d any "o read al\d 9 an ev5 tone ( voice1 )\t *ang+ ! pit* or giv+ :at is call$ expression to ! /ory8 ,y soon gr[ tir$ ( li/5+ to su* read+ ev5 ?\gh ! words are di/9ctly spok54 ,! same ?+ read ) ! "r acc5t & inflection w hold y\r att5tion4 ,y w enjoy & rememb] :at is well read1 because m tru? & beauty are br\ght out by beautiful expression4 ,x is s 9 our draw+4 ,we c make pictures ( objects 9 a way t w give ! facts ( _! =ms & proportions1 & /ill w n %[ ! real beauty & "* ( ^? objects4 ,comp>e ! two sket*es ( ! b>rel at ! top ( ?is page4 ,sket* ,b gives ! facts ( ! b>rel z well z ,sket* ,a4 ,b :o w\ld c>e = a picture t express$ s little ( real int]e/8 ,9 ,sket* ,a y feel ! r\ndness or wid? ( ! b>rel f back to front1 & ! quality ( its r\gh & spl9t]$ surface4 ,! l9e t is us$ to express all ?is is call$ an acc5t$ l9e4 ,su* a l9e is v>i$ 9 /r5g?1 be+ deep5$ 9 "s places to express c]ta9 acc5ts ( =m or color1 & light5$ 9 o!rs4 ,sometimes x is brok5 (f altoge!r1 ! eye seem+ to cont9ue ! outl9e4 ,x diff]s f ! ev51 uni=m l9e us$ 9 ,sket* ,b j z ! ev51 monoton\s voice 9 read+ diff]s f ! voice t is full ( expression & feel+4 ,select a basket1 or a wood5 box ( some:at r\gh surface1 & make an outl9e sket*1 us+ ! acc5t$ l9e4 ,illu/ration ,japanese ,lant]ns 9 ,values4 ,! wa%-draw+s on ?is page %[ "s ,japanese lant]ns t are beautiful 9 _! light & d>k quality1 z well z 9 _! color4 ,!y are f9e /udies 9 values4 ,! lant]n on ! left 0 r$1 ) violet spots2 ! light "o j beh9d 0 yell[1 ) blue & r$ spots2 & ! "r lant]n 0 a s(t d>k gre5 at ! top1 bl5d+ to light gre5 at ! bottom4 ,! d>k b&s & ! wood5 hang]s provide %>p contra/s 9 values1 & give "* & acc5t to ! picture4 ,*oose two or ?ree lant]ns ( contra/+ colors1 sizes1 & %apes4 ,arrange !m on a cord1 hung across ! corn] ( ! room4 ,x does n matt] :e!r !y hang above or bel[ ! level ( y\r eyes4 ,pa9t !m 9 values ( ink or *>coal-gray4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,select+ ) a ,f9d] an ,int]e/+ ,arrangem5t ( ,%apes4 ,y w rememb] t y us$ a f9d] ^u c]ta9 sket*es1 9 ord] to select p>ts t seem$ m int]e/+ ?an o!rs4 ,any draw+ looks mu* bett] if ! space ar\nd x is c>efully plann$ & adapt$ to ! %apes %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?is is ! reason we use a f9d] on a sket* l t on page #ee4 ,al?\gh ! lant]n on ! "r is well drawn & is a pleas+ "p ( ! :ole sket*1 x seems to h receiv$ add$ beauty 9 ! left sket* on ?is page4 ,x has be5 tak5 away f o!r int]e/s1 & plac$ )9 an enclosure :i* is well adapt$ to its %ape1 size1 & color4 ,! gray oblong at ! bottom br+s ! eye to a "p ( ! picture1 n s important z ! lant]n4 ,?is oblong w\ld be a good place = ! initials or "n ( ! arti/1 :i* %\ld be z ?\ghtfully plac$ z any o!r "p ( ! sket*4 ,see :at a diff]5t enclosure is us$ 9 ! second selection4 ,! two lant]ns make a l>ge d>k mass :i* ne$s m space4 ,! d>k "n-place on ! "r is plac$ j :]e x is mo/ ne$$4 ,use a f9d] on ! sket* ( lant]ns y made4 ,f9d a beautiful arrangem5t ( %apes1 adju/+ ! f9d] until y h f\nd ! enclosure & ! %apes t suit y be/4 ,cut out y\r selection & m\nt x neatly4 ,home ,ex]cises4 #a4 ,make an outl9e draw+ ( an empty fl[]-pot1 /&+ upright4 ,c>efully /udy ! rim1 & %[ :]e x appe>s ?icke/4 #b4 ,draw 9 outl9e a pla9 glass di%1 ) ?ree apples 9 x4 #c4 ,make a wa%-draw+ ( any cook+-b[l :i* %[s light & d>k values4 #d4 ,f9d at home any "o ( ! objects pictur$ on page #ea4 ,gr\p "s o!r suitable object ) x1 & make a sket* 9 *>coal1 %[+ light & d>k effects4 #e4 ,f9d five draw+s 9 ?is book 9 :i* ! acc5t$ l9e is us$4 #f4 ,make a l>ge outl9e draw+ ( a boy's /raw hat4 ,%[ ! use ( ! acc5t$ l9e4 ,illu/ration ,,app>5t ,,direction ,,( ,,edges ,,& ,,outl9es ,,! ,,railway ,,tra94 ,i ,,l ,,to ,,see ,,x ,,lap ,,! ,,miles1 ,,& ,,lick ,,! ,,valleys ,,up1 ,,& ,,/op ,,to ,,fe$ ,,itself ,,at ,,tanks2 ,,& ,,!n1 ,,prodigi\s1 ,,/ep ,,ar\nd ,a ,,pile ,,( ,,m\nta9s1 ,,&1 ,,sup]cili\s1 ,,pe] ,,9 ,,%anties ,,by ,,! ,,sides ,,( ,,roads2 ,,& ,,!n ,a ,,qu>ry ,,p>e ,,to ,,fit ,,its ,,sides1 ,,& ,,crawl ,,betwe51 ,,compla9+ ,,all ,,! ,,:ile ,,9 ,,horrid1 ,,hoot+ ,,/anza2 ,,!n ,,*ase ,,itself ,,d[nhill ,,& ,,neigh ,,l ,,boan]ges2 ,,!n1 ,,punctual ,,z ,a ,,/>1 ,,/op--,,docile ,,& ,,omnipot5t-- ,,at ,,its ,,own ,,/able ,,door4 ,,emily ,,dick9son ,illu/ration ,! ,circle 9 ,?ree ,positions4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! sket*es on ?is page1 y mu/ place a l>ge b[l on a table 9 front ( y1 s t its top w be exactly opposite ! level ( y\r eyes4 ,y c manage ?is by putt+ "s books on ! table = ! b[l to re/ ^u1 pil+ !m up until j ! "r height is rea*$4 ,!n sit directly 9 front ( ! b[l1 & at "s di/ance f x1 z y w\ld naturally d :5 mak+ a sket*4 ,hold y\r p5cil /raight out 9 front1 at arm's l5g?1 s z to hide ! entire upp] edge ( ! b[l4 ,if ! top ( ! b[l is exactly opposite y\r eyes1 y\r p5cil w be exactly horizontal :5 x hides ! edge f y4 ,y w n be able to see into ! b[l1 nor to f9d t ! edge curves above or bel[ ! p5cil4 ,! appe>ance ( ! circul> top1 9 ?is position1 w be a horizontal l9e4 ,if y l[] ! b[l a little1 y w f9d t y c no long] hide ! top ) a horizontal p5cil4 ,! top looks m natural 9 ?is position4 ,y h (t5 drawn a n>r[ ellipse = ! appe>ance ( a circul> %ape se5 slightly bel[ ! eye4 ,if ! b[l is l[]$ /ill m1 ! ellipse w appe> wid] f front to back4 ,make sket*es f a b[l1 9 ^! ?ree positions4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,! ,=e%ort5$ ,circle4 ,:5 a surface1 because ( its position1 appe>s less wide ?an x really is1 we say t x is =e%ort5$4 ,! circul> top ( ! b[l appe>s 9 ?ree positions on page #ei4 ,9 ! fir/ picture x is =e%ort5$ to su* an ext5t t its wid? f back to front has disappe>$ altoge!r4 ,9 ! second1 ! =e%ort5$ circle appe>s z a n>r[ ellipse4 ,9 ! ?ird1 ! ellipse is wid]1 because ! b[l is se5 fur!r bel[ ! eyes4 ,on ?is page are "s sket*es ( a half-orange & a half-apple4 ,c y tell ! positions 9 :i* !y 7 held8 ,notice ! =e%ort5$ circle 9 ,sket* #b4 ,! sections ( ! orange are *ang$ 9 appe>ance v mu* z ! petals ( ! daisy are =e%ort5$1 9 ! middle sket* on page #bb4 ,read aga9 ! lesson on page #dh4 ,!n decide :i* sket* ( ! half-orange is mo/ pleas+4 ,:i* picture ( ! half-apple d y l be/8 ,draw a half-lemon 9 a position %[+ a =e%ort5$ circle ( pleas+ proportions4 ,illu/ration ,! ,=e%ort5$ ,squ>e4 ,circul> %apes are n ! only ones t are =e%ort5$ :5 !y are se5 "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,figure #a on ?is page is a picture ( a squ>e hat-box1 %[+ ! top & two sides4 ,n "o ( ! ?ree %apes is se5 z x w\ld actually measure4 ,! top looks l a long n>r[ diamond4 ,x is n s diff]5t f ! %ape ( a n>r[ ellipse z y might at fir/ suppose4 ,if y *ang$ ! /raight l9es into curv$ l9es1 r\nd+ (f ! f\r corn]s or angles ( ! diamond1 y w\ld h an ellipse4 ,y c\ld also place a box l ?is turn$ corn]wise1 s t its top w\ld look l a /raight l9e4 ,:]e w\ld ! top be to look l t8 ,! two sides ( ! box are also =e%ort5$ 9 ?is position2 !y appe> %ort] f front to back ?an !y really are4 ,y c see t ! two f>!r v]tical edges or corn]s appe> %ort] ?an ! ne>] "o1 j z trees 9 ! di/ance appe> small] ?an trees ( equal size ne> y4 ,! l9es on ! top & bottom ( ! box appe> to slant upw>d1 in/ead ( keep+ _! actual direction1 :i* is horizontal4 ,figure #b %[s ! same box ) ! cov] (f4 ,! inside 0 l9$ ) color$ pap] & ! d>k value ( ! diamond-%ap$ mass adds int]e/ to ! picture4 ,place corn]wise1 on a table 9 front ( y1 a l>ge box ) a squ>e top4 ,see if ! ?ree faces 9 sight are =e%ort5$4 ,notice if ! edges appe> *ang$1 9 direction & 9 l5g?4 ,make a sket* 9 outl9e1 %[+ j h[ ! box appe>s to y4 ,illu/ration ,measur+ a ,=e%ort5$ ,surface4 ,a good way to prove to y\rself t ! appe>ance ( a surface or %ape diff]s f its reality1 is to te/ x 9 "s way4 ,! girl 9 ! picture is measur+ ! appe>ance ( a book4 ,%e has put two books on ! desk1 ) _! backs fac+ h]4 ,"u ! cov] ( ! top book %e has plac$ a /r+ long en\gh to all[ h] to hold bo? ends ( x 9 "o h&1 9 su* a way z to hide ! two ends ( ! cov]4 ,%e kn[s t 9 reality ! ends ( ! cov] d n slant2 !y are p]fectly horizontal4 ,b %e f9ds t to hide ! ends ( ! cov] %e mu/ br+ ! l9es made by ! /r+ t[>d ea* o!r4 ,?is proves t ! ends ( ! book 9 ?is position mu/ be repres5t$ by slant+ l9es4 ,:5 ! /r+s hide ! ends ( ! cov]1 %e f9ds t !y meet directly opposite ! eye4 ,hold+ ! /r+ tight1 & keep+ _! meet+ po9t exactly opposite ! eye1 %e slips a horizontal p5cil betwe5 ! two l9es1 />t+ ne> ! place :]e !y meet1 & mov+ d[n until ! p5cil hides ! fur!r edge ( ! cov]4 ,! appe>ance ( ! cov] is %[n 9 ! space b\nd$ by ! horizontal p5cil1 ! ne>] edge ( ! cov]1 & ! two slant+ p>ts ( ! /r+ se5 betwe5 !m4 ,arrange a l>ge book on ! desk 9 front ( y4 ,) a /r+1 make ! te/ t has be5 expla9$4 ,draw 9 values :at y see4 ,! ,/udy ( ,p]spective4 ,:at a ,picture may ,%[ ,u4 ,! p5cil sket* on ! next page w\ld be q difficult = y to draw1 b x is n too difficult = y to und]/& & enjoy4 ,x is "o t w help y to use y\r eyes intellig5tly1 9 try+ to f9d out ( doors "s ( ! ?+s t are %[n y 9 pictures4 ,"o ( ! be/ ?+s t pictures c d = u is to help u to see 9 our own surr\nd+s ?+s t are int]e/+ & beautiful4 ,p]spective4 ,! lessons 9 ?is *apt] h help$ y to see h[ surfaces & %apes *ange 9 appe>ance1 z !y are se5 "u diff]5t conditions4 ,y h also f\nd t c]ta9 edges & outl9es appe> to *ange _! direction1 :5 se5 9 diff]5t positions4 ,!re is a "n giv5 to ! /udy ( ^! ?+s1 :i* y w (t5 he> us$4 ,x is p]spective4 ,p]spective is only ano!r "n = ! /udy ( appe>ances1 z diff]+ f facts4 ,y w he> "s "o say1 = in/ance1 t a c]ta9 sket* or picture is good 9 p]spective2 y w und]/& t ! picture %[s1 9 "s int]e/+ way1 ! effect ( di/ance & position1 or h[ c]ta9 appe>ances diff] f actual facts4 ,p]spective ( ! ,railroad4 ,"o ( ! be/ places 9 :i* to /udy p]spective is on a bridge ov] a railroad track4 ,y h notic$1 no d\bt1 h[ ! rails seem to come toge!r z !y /ret* into ! di/ance1 & h[ ! telegraph poles seem to gr[ %ort] & %ort]1 until !y disappe> altoge!r4 ,y "k t ! rails are j z f> ap>t a mile away f y z !y are at y\r feet1 b a sket* drawn s w\ld n be correct 9 p]spective1 because x w\ld n %[ h[ ! track look$4 ,p]spective ,affect+ ,app>5t ,size4 ,! sket* on page #eh w int]e/ y4 ,h y wat*$ an eng9e gr[ f a m]e speck 9 ! di/ance to its full size z x ru%es pa/ y1 & !n gr[ small] & small] aga9 z x hurries away1 & f9ally disappe>s 9 ! f>-(f horizon8 ,p]spective ( a ,/reet4 ,d y see any?+ on page #fd t makes y ?9k ( ! railroad8 ,if y /& 9 ! middle ( ! /reet & look d[n its l5g? y w notice t ! l9es ( ! sidewalk seem to run toge!r1 t ! trees & h\ses decrease 9 height z !y are se5 f>!r away1 & t p 9 ! di/ance appe> small] ?an p ne> y4 ,:5 y c see ^! effects = y\rself1 y w beg9 to und]/& :at ! /udy ( p]spective means4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,font ,,bapti/]y ,,9 ,,p>ma ,,xiii4 ,,c5tury4 ,a ,beautiful ,baptismal ,font4 ,9 ! f9e old city ( ,p>ma1 9 nor!rn ,italy1 is a beautiful ca!dral1 built hundr$s ( ye>s ago4 ,ne> ! ca!dral is a build+ mu* small] 9 size call$ a bapti/]y1 a place :]e baptisms are made 9 connection ) *ur* s]vices4 ,?is bapti/]y is built ( r$ & gray m>ble1 & is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,italy4 ,x conta9s b "o room1 & 9 ! middle ( its floor1 "u ! beautiful dome1 is a v l>ge font1 c>v$ f "o piece ( yell[i% r$ m>ble4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! room is a small] font--! "o %[n y on ?is page4 ,x is /&+ on a lion ^: paws are set ^u ! head ( a ram1 & x is ri*ly c>v$ 9 foliage & 9 /range animal =ms4 ,to x are /ill br\ght = baptism all ! *ildr5 born 9 ,p>ma4 ,,measur+ ,,& ,,plann+ ,,if ,,we ,,c>e ,,to ,,cont9ue ,,! ,,se>*1 ,,we ,,may ,,f9d ,,an ,,arc ,,ext5d$ ,,to ,a ,,semicircle1 ,a ,,spiral1 ,,or ,,ev5 ,,to ,a ,,complete ,,r+1 ,,almo/ ,,z ,,true ,,z ,,if ,,/ruck ,,) ,a ,,compass1 ,,& ,,) ,,! ,,telltale ,,droop+ ,,or ,,brok5 ,,grass-,,blade ,,/ill ,,at ,,"w ,,) ,,e ,,/ir ,,( ,,! ,,breeze4 ,,fairy ,,r+s ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,us$ ,,to ,,call ,,!m4 ,i ,,h ,,pictur$ ,,bo? ,,! ,,r+ ,,& ,,! ,,fairy4 ,,william ,,hamilton ,,gibson ,,9 ,,%>p ,,eyes4 ,"s ,tools ,) ,:i* to ,measure & ,plan4 ,by ! "t y h come to ?is *apt] 9 y\r book1 y w h drawn a great _m pictures ( objects4 ,9 do+ ?is y h dep5d$ on y\r eyes & h& alone4 ,y h n us$ a rul] to measure )1 nor any tool t w\ld tell y ! exact l5g? ( a l9e or ! exact size ( any %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,i ,b sometimes x is necess>y t a l9e or %ape %\ld be ( exact l5g? or size4 ,on ?is page are %[n "s v simple tools :i* y c make y\rself1 & :i* y w f9d useful 9 c>ry+ out ! lessons 9 ?is *apt] on ,measur+ & ,plann+4 ,figure ,i is a circle mak]4 ,x c be us$ 9 place ( a compass4 ,to make x1 take a /rip ( c>dbo>d sev5 in*es long & "o in* wide4 ,bisect its %ort edges & rule a l9e connect+ ^! po9ts4 ,^u ?is l9e1 m>k (f1 by measur+ ) a rul]1 in*1 half-in*1 & qu>t]-in* spaces4 ,?r\gh ^! po9ts draw l9es1 & pi]ce holes ) a p9 :]e !y cross ! c5t] l9e4 ,a p9 plac$ ?r\gh ! fir/ hole w act z a pivot4 ,pu% a %>p p5cil ?r\gh "o ( ! o!r holes1 j f> en\gh to all[ ! lead to make a m>k4 ,! p9 m>ks ! c5t]1 & ! p5cil sw+s ar\nd x1 z %[n 9 ! sket* at ! top ( page #fh4 ,! l9e drawn by ! p5cil is ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! c5t] & ! circumf]5ce is ! radius ( a circle4 ,we speak ( "o radius & ( two or m radii ( a circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ii ,figure ,,ii is a little tool t w help y to draw squ>e corn]s4 ,m>k ) a rul] ^u an end & "o side ( ! back ( an envelope1 ! spaces = in*es1 & _! divisions into halves & qu>t]s4 ,squ>e corn] is ano!r "n = "r angle4 ,y w (t5 wi% to use ?is measure1 call$ a te/ squ>e1 9 squ>+ corn]s1 & 9 draw+ l9es at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,a ,no4 #i envelope w be a good size to use1 z ! long edge w s]ve z a rul]4 ,y c make ! draw+s 9 ?is *apt] ) a rul] & compass1 or y c use ^! simple tools1 made by y\rself4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration3 ,d ,illu/ration3 ,e ,illu/ration3 ,f ,illu/ration3 ,g ,divid+ a ,circul> ,space4 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* a circul> %ape may be divid$ & decorat$4 ,sket* ,b %[s two circles drawn ar\nd ! same c5t]1 ) diff]5t radii4 ,su* circles are call$ conc5tric4 ,sket* ,c %[s ! circle divid$ into f\r?s4 ,to d ?is1 place ! angle ( y\r te/ squ>e at ! c5t] ( ! circle & rule two radii4 ,repeat to secure f\r "r angles at ! c5t] ( ! circle4 ,sket*es ,d1 ,f1 & ,g %[ circles divid$ into six?s1 by sett+ (f ! radius six times on ! circumf]5ce1 & draw+ diamet]s connect+ ^! po9ts4 ,sket* ,e %[s a circle divid$ into ?irds4 ,set (f ! radius six times on ! circumf]5ce2 draw a radius f e o!r po9t4 ,draw conc5tric circles1 & divide !m into halves1 f\r?s1 ?irds1 & six?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,"s ,divisions ( ,squ>e ,spaces4 ,a squ>e is said to be on its diamet]s :5 "o ( its diamet]s is v]tical & ! o!r horizontal2 x is said to be on its diagonals :5 ! diagonals are 9 ?is position4 ,sket* ,a %[s ! l>g] squ>e on its diamet]s & ! small inn] squ>e on its diagonals4 ,to draw a squ>e on its diamet]s1 place y\r te/ squ>e to locate ! l[] left corn] ( ! squ>e1 & draw ! two sides at "r angles1 ext5d+ ! l9es to ! desir$ l5g?4 ,use y\r te/ squ>e 9 draw+ all o!r corn]s ( y\r squ>e4 ,= ! diamet]s1 bisect ea* side & connect ! po9ts ( bisection4 ,= a design plan l ,sket* ,a1 bisect ! semi-diamet]s & connect ^! po9ts4 ,diamet]s ( a squ>e bisect opposite sides2 diagonals bisect opposite angles4 ,9 ,sket* ,b1 ea* side is quadrisect$1 or divid$ into f\r?s1 & ! opposite po9ts connect$4 ,?is division ( a squ>e may be us$ = a decorative plan 9 a numb] ( ways1 "o ( :i* is %[n 9 ! sket*4 ,to draw a squ>e 9 ! position ( ,sket* ,c1 use y\r te/ squ>e1 & draw ! diagonals fir/1 divid+ !m into in* spaces4 ,connect ! ends ( ! diagonals to get a squ>e4 ,9 ! plan = ! bord] design 9 ,sket* ,c1 connect ! out] po9ts on ! diagonals to =m ! space = a bord] decoration4 ,draw two squ>es1 "o on its diamet]s1 & "o on its diagonals4 ,%[ by divisions made 9 ea*1 "s plan = a design4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,h[ an ,oblong ,space ,may be ,divid$4 ,y c draw an oblong ) y\r te/ squ>e 9 ! same way t y drew a squ>e1 measur+ ! sides to get ! l5g? y wi%4 ,9 ,sket* ,a ! semi-diamet]s are bisect$ & ! po9ts connect$1 =m+ a diamond-%ap$ space1 some?+ l a squ>e on its diagonals4 ,9 mak+ ! unit us$ 9 ! upp] half ( ?is space1 ! l9es ( ! triangle are *ang$ v slightly1 b ?is *ange makes an int]e/+ decoration4 ,9 ,sket* ,b ! sides are quadrisect$1 & ! space is divid$ by connect+ "s ( ! opposite po9ts1 mak+ an oblong on its diamet]s = ! middle space4 ,9 ! upp] half ( ?is space a simple %ape1 v l a squ>e1 is us$4 ,x c be rev]s$1 z c ! triangul> %ape 9 ,sket* ,a1 to fill ! l[] half ( ! space4 ,sket* ,c %[s a plan = divid+ ! oblong into _m small squ>es4 ,9 ea* ( ^!1 or 9 e o!r "o1 a simple unit c\ld be plac$1 to make an all-ov] patt]n4 ,draw an oblong1 & by divid+ its sides1 make a plan = a decorative design4 ,%[ h[ a decoration c be made by slightly *ang+ ! l9es ( an enclos+ %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,d ,! ,equilat]al ,triangle4 ,) ! help ( y\r circle mak] or compass y c easily draw an equilat]al triangle4 ,rule a horizontal l9e ( any desir$ l5g?1 = ! base ( y\r triangle--t side ^u :i* ! triangle seems to re/4 ,place ! pivot ( y\r circle mak] at "o end ( ! l9e1 & take a radius equal to its l5g?4 ,draw above ?is l9e "p ( ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 call$ an arc4 ,!n take z a c5t] ! o!r end ( ! horizontal l9e1 & ) ! same radius1 draw an int]sect+ arc4 ,rule l9es f ! int]sect+ arcs to ea* end ( ! l9e4 ,y h drawn an equilat]al triangle4 ,sket*es ,a & ,b %[ y h[ an equilat]al triangle may be divid$4 ,sket* ,c %[s h[ "o l9e may divide ! triangle into two %apes1 ^: outl9es may be slightly *ang$ or modifi$1 to make a decoration4 ,= a surface cov]+ l ,sket* ,d1 con/ruct "o equilat]al triangle & c>ry ! base l9e across ! pap]4 ,rule a l9e p>allel to ?is1 pass+ ?r\gh ! apex ( ! triangle4 ,set (f ^u ^! l9es l5g?s equal to "o side ( y\r triangle4 ,draw l9es connect+ ^! po9ts1 z %[n 9 ! sket*4 ,repeat ?is process = a surface cov]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,case ,,= ,,clipp+s ,illu/ration3 ,b ,a ,case = ,newspap] ,clipp+s4 ,:5 y "k h[ to measure accurately & c plan good proportions1 y c make _m simple articles1 bo? useful & beautiful4 ,to make ! case = newspap] clipp+s %[n on ?is page1 cut an oblong ( /iff manila pap]1 #h-a_/b x #i-a_/b in*es4 ,use y\r te/ squ>e 9 measur+ all corn]s1 to get "r angles4 ,!n cut an oblong #i-a_/b x #aj-a_/b in*es ( cov] pap]1 ( "s good color4 ,fit ! manila oblong )9 ?is1 9 su* a way z to leave an in* m>g9 ( color$ pap] all ar\nd x4 ,fold ov] ?is m>g91 pa/+ x d[n neatly4 ,cut an oblong #h-a_/d x #i-a_/d in*es1 ( t9t$ pap] ( light] weight4 ,lay ?is oblong z an inside l9+ to ! cov]1 pa/+ to leave a n>r[ m>g9 ( ! d>k cov] pap] ar\nd ! l9+4 ,place ! cov] on y\r desk1 ) ! long edges f left to "r4 ,fold ! ne>] edge to meet ! f>!r edge4 ,crease well4 ,bisect ! crease1 & place a po9t #c_/h ( an in* up f ! crease4 ,measure ?ree in*es f ea* end1 & place po9ts at ^! di/ances1 #c_/h ( an in* up f ! crease4 ,)9 ! fold$ cov]1 place six or eight ,no4 #i envelopes1 ! bottom edges ( ! envelopes t\*+ ! crease4 ,fit ! envelopes )9 ! cov]1 to leave an equal m>g9 ar\nd ! front & ends ( ! case4 ,hold+ ! envelopes firmly )9 ! cov]1 make holes ) an eyelet pun* at ! po9ts plac$ = !m4 ,tie ! envelopes 9 ! case ) raffia1 tape1 or cord4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,= ,,envelopes ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,portfolio ,h[ to ,draw ,lett]s4 ,be=e ! ,days ( ,pr9t+4 ,!re 0 once a "t :5 all ! books 9 ! _w 7 lett]$ by h&4 ,?is h& pr9t+ 0 done by m5 call$ monks1 :o liv$ 9 mona/]ies1 away f ! noise & bu/le ( ! _w1 & :o (t5 devot$ _! :ole lives to ! lett]+ ( religi\s books4 ,!y did ?is lett]+ on %eepsk9 or p>*m5t in/ead ( on pap]1 & !y sp>$ no pa9s 9 mak+ ^! manuscripts z beautiful z possible4 ,color 0 (t5 us$ = initials & = capital lett]s1 & sometimes arti/ically design$ bord]s 7 plac$ ar\nd ! lett]+1 mak+ ea* page 9 ^! manuscript books z beautiful z a picture4 ,! great am\nt ( "t t 0 necess>y to make "o ( ^! books made !m v exp5sive1 & only p ( great weal? c\ld own !m4 ,type & ! ,pr9t+ ,press4 ,:5 type & ! pr9t+ press 7 inv5t$1 ! pr9t] at fir/ tri$ to make 8 pages look l ! manuscript pages ( ! monks4 ,= ?is reason1 ! e>li] pr9t+ 0 arti/ic1 al?\gh ! lett]s 7 n z cle> & p]fect z type lett]s are n[4 ,! fir/ books pr9t$ f type 7 also exp5sive1 b little by little ! process 0 made *eap1 until at la/ type lett]s lo/ mu* ( _! beauty4 ,lately1 h[ev]1 pr9t]s h realiz$ t s+le lett]s are l design units 9 an all-ov] patt]n4 ,! size ( ! lett]s1 _! %apes & ?ickness1 ! spaces betwe5 !m1 & ! spaces betwe5 ! l9es are all ( great importance4 ,a ,simple ,alphabet4 ,on ! next page is a simple alphabet1 plann$ on squ>$ pap]4 ,y c pr9t 9 ?is /yle1 any title or words y may wi% on a program or book-cov]4 ,plan y\r pr9t+ on a sep>ate piece ( pap]1 m>k+ ! height ( ! space y int5d to fill ) ! lett]s4 ,quadrisect ?is height & draw ?r\gh ^! po9ts horizontal l9es4 ,lay (f on ! l[] horizontal1 di/ances equal to ! quadrisection4 ,f ^! po9ts erect v]tical l9es1 us+ y\r te/ squ>e4 ,m>k 9 a sket*y way ! wid? ( ea* lett] 9 ! ^w y are plann+1 mak+ ! ?ickness ( ea* lett] ! wid? ( a squ>e1 & leav+ ! same di/ance 7! wid? ( a squ>e7 betwe5 ea* lett]4 ,be c>eful to keep uni=m ?ickness 9 slant+ l9es & curves1 z 9 ,k & ,c4 ,avoid angles 9 y\r curves4 ,if y h m ?an "o ^w 9 y\r l9e1 leave ?ree squ>es = ! space betwe5 ! words1 & if m ?an "o l9e ( pr9t+ is us$1 gu>d aga9/ too mu* space betwe5 ! l9es4 ,! wid? ( two squ>es w\ld be a safe di/ance 9 a /yle l ?is4 ,illu/ration ,transf]r+ ! ,lett]s4 ,:5 y\r plan is complete1 rub s(t lead p5cil ev5ly ov] ! back ( ! pap]1 & place ! plan exactly :]e y wi% ! lett]+ to g1 on y\r book-cov] or program1 ) ! lead pa9t+ next to ! cov]4 ,!n m>k ov] ! lett]s ) a %>p po9t1 & a fa9t trac+ w appe> on ! "u surface4 ,y c !n f9i% y\r lett]+ 9 ink or color1 z y pref]4 ,all lett]+ mu/ be done ) mu* c>e1 ) exactness1 & ) ! greate/ neatness4 ,,design ,illu/ration3 ,k+ ( two h&s1 he does 8 "p ,9 e useful toil & art2 ,a h]itage1 x seems to me ,a k+ might wi% to hold 9 fee4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,ne$ ,,_h ,,y ,,( ,,money1 ,,my ,,boy1 ,,or ,,! ,,pres5ts ,,money ,,c ,,br+1 ,,:5 ,,e ,,brea? ,,0 ,a ,,brea? ,,( ,,joy8 ,,y ,,own$ ,,! ,,:ole ,,_w1 ,,) ,,its ,,hills ,,& ,,trees1 ,,! ,,sun1 ,,& ,,! ,,cl\ds1 ,,& ,,! ,,brac+ ,,breeze1 ,,& ,,y\r ,,h&s ,,to ,,"w ,,)2 ,,hav+ ,,^!1 ,,y ,,7 ,,ri*] ,,?an ,,any ,,k+4 ,,f ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,boy ,,by ,,lucy ,,l>com4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t-,a ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t-,d ,colors 9 ,full ,int5sity & _! ,neutral ,values4 ,light & ,d>k ,colors4 ,:5 y pa9t$ an autumn sc5e l ! "o on page #b1 y f\nd t x c\ld be done ) ?ree colors--yell[1 r$1 & blue4 ,blue made ! sky & wat]2 blue & yell[ ! grass & ! foliage ( ! small] tree2 blue & r$ ! di/ance2 yell[1 r$1 & blue ! tree trunks & ! autumn colors ( ! l>ge tree4 ,look aga9 at ! sket*4 ,d y see t ! two trees are d>k] ?an ! grass1 t ! wat] & ! sky are ( ne>ly ! same value1 & t ! tree-trunks are ! d>ke/ colors 9 ! picture8 ,9 ! w9t] sc5e on page #h1 & 9 ! spr+ picture ( ! yell[ bu%1 bo? d>k & light colors h be5 us$4 ,! color$ fl[] /udies all %[ d>k & light colors4 ,bo? light & d>k colors are ne$$ to express tru? & beauty1 j z 9 music we ne$ bo? high & l[ tones = p]fect melody4 ,an ,ord]ly ,arrangem5t ( ,colors4 ,9 ,*>t ,a ^! colors are arrang$ 9 an ord]ly way4 ,yell[ 7,y7 is ! lighte/ color & is plac$ directly opposite violet 7,v71 ! d>ke/ color 9 ! circle4 ,yell[-orange 7,,yo7 & yell[-gre5 7,,yg7 come next to yell[ on ei!r side4 ,!n orange 7,o7 & gre5 7,g7 foll[1 & next to !m are r$-orange 7,,ro7 & blue-gre5 7,,bg74 ,next 9 ! circle are r$ 7,r7 & blue 7,b71 & aft] !m r$-violet 7,,rv7 & blue-violet 7,,bv74 ,! colors 9 ! *>t are ! /ronge/ t y\r ?ree colors c make4 ,colors ( ?is /r5g? are said to be 9 full int5sity4 ,express+ ,colors 9 ,neutral ,values4 ,on page #d are f9d] pictures tak5 f ! autumn sc5e on page #b4 ,^! are done 9 gray wa%es t correspond to ! colors 9 ! autumn sket*4 ,! trees are %[n 9 grays t make !m j z d>k z ! trees 9 ! color$ picture4 ,:5 we make gray wa%es j z light & z d>k z colors t we wi% to repres5t1 we say t we express ^? colors 9 neutral values4 ,! ,neutral ,value ,scale4 ,9 ,*>t ,d ! scales are arrang$ to %[ ! grays or neutral values t correspond to ! diff]5t colors 9 _! full int5sity4 ,9 ?is *>t yell[ is z light z ! gray wa% call$ ,high ,light 7,,hl74 ,yell[-orange & yell[-gre5 are ( ! same value z ,light 7,l74 ,orange & gre5 are ( ! same value z ,l[ ,light 7,,ll74 ,r$-orange & blue-gre5 are ( ! same value z ,middle 7,m74 ,r$ & blue equal ! neutral value ,high ,d>k 7,,hd74 ,r$-violet & blue-violet are equal to ,d>k 7,d71 & violet1 ! d>ke/ color1 is express$ by ,l[ ,d>k 7,,ld74 ,l[ ,d>k is almo/ black4 ,! ,neutral ,value ,scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,value ,,scale ,a scale ( neutral values1 l>g] 9 size ?an t on page #gh1 is pr9t$ on ?is page4 ,:ite & black are add$4 ,!y d n correspond to any color1 b !y help u to see ! _m /eps t may be tak5 betwe5 !m4 ,only sev5 ( ^! /eps f black to :ite are %[n 9 our scale4 ,( c\rse !re are o!r grays1 n repres5t$ 9 ! scale1 j z !re are tones ( music n express$ 9 ! musical scale or octave4 ,! musical scale & ?is value scale are us$ to help locate all o!r notes & all o!r degrees ( light & d>k4 ,y c\ld make1 = in/ance1 o!r grays betwe5 ,high ,light & ,:ite4 ,b x is useful to "k t c]ta9 grays h def9ite names1 & def9ite places 9 ! scale4 ,) ! aid ( ?is l>g] scale1 we c m easily comp>e ! values ( ! colors ( a l&scape1 a fl[]1 or a /ill-life gr\p ) ! same values 9 gray4 ,turn to pages #h & #i4 ,on page #h ! w9t] l&scape is 9 color1 & y see ! same sc5e on page #i 9 neutral values4 ,9 x ! sky & "p ( ! sn[ are ( ! same value1 & !y mat* ! gray m>k$ ,high ,light 9 ! scale4 ,! di/ant hill is ,l[ ,light2 ! d>k b& ( trees on ! horizon is ,high ,d>k1 & ! tree 9 ! =egr\nd is ,d>k4 ,9 ?is way y c f9d 9 ! scale ! neutral values us$ 9 a picture4 ,"n ! values ( ! hyac9?1 on page #ec4 ,:at values 7 us$ 9 ! moonlight picture on page #aj8 ,make a little scale %[+ ^! values & giv+ _! names4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,illu/ration3 #g ,divid+ a ,space into ,l>ge & ,small ,spaces4 ,plaids are mo/ attractive :5 se5 9 color4 ,be=e ! color is add$1 h[ev]1 def9ite spaces mu/ be divid$ by l9es into o!r spaces1 mak+ an int]e/+ v>iety4 ,9 draw+ f fl[]s1 y f\nd t a spray %[+ l>ge & small %apes made a m int]e/+ sket* ?an "o 9 :i* leaves & fl[]s 7 ( uni=m %apes & sizes4 ,sket*es #a & #b %[ h[ v]tical & horizontal l9es may divide a squ>e into a v>iety ( spaces4 ,ei!r arrangem5t is m beautiful ?an sket* #c1 :]e ! spaces are m ne>ly alike4 ,look at ! /ill-life gr\p 9 sket* #d1 :]e ! ?ree objects are s ne>ly ( ! same size4 ,d y ?9k ?is gr\p z pleas+ z ! gr\p %[n 9 sket* #e8 ,our designs1 z well z our pictures1 mu/ %[ v>iety & good arrangem5t ( %apes & spaces1 9 ord] to be int]e/+4 ,too mu* v>iety 9 a picture or design is z bad z n en\gh v>iety4 ,look at ! numb] ( l9es & spaces 9 sket* #f4 ,! design is cr[d$ & fussy1 l an ov]trimm$ bonnet1 or a room 9 :i* !re is too mu* furniture4 ,! /ill-life gr\p 9 sket* #g %[s ! same effect ( too mu* v>iety4 ,draw f\r squ>es1 ea* f\r in*es on a side4 ,divide ea* into l>ge & small spaces ( pleas+ v>iety by us+ v]tical & horizontal l9es1 f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,l>ge & ,small ,spaces 9 ,two ,values4 ,"o way ( add+ to ! int]e/ & beauty ( l>ge & small spaces is to %[ !m 9 values4 ,comp>e ,sket*es #a & #b on ?is page ) ,sket*es #a & #b on page #ha4 ,y w f9d ! plaids :i* are %[n 9 values m int]e/+ ?an ^? :i* are made ) l9es only4 ,! two values 9 ea* sket* on ?is page are *os5 f ! neutral value scale on page #hj4 ,9 ,sket* #a1 ,high ,light 7,,hl7 & ,black 7,b7 are us$1 & 9 ,sket* #b1 we f9d ,middle 7,m7 & ,black 7,b74 ,y see h[ diff]5t 9 effect ! two plaids are4 ,! same diff]5ce c be %[n 9 l&scape1 fl[]s1 or 9 any o!r picture or design1 by *ang+ ! values4 ,sket*es #c & #d %[ simple gr\ps ( /ill life1 fir/ drawn 9 outl9e f ! objects1 & !n pa9t$ 9 values *os5 f ! value scale4 ,sket* #c is pa9t$ 9 ! same values z ! plaid 9 ,sket* #a1 & ,sket*es #b & #d are alike 9 values4 ,*oose two ( y\r be/ plaid designs1 done 9 ! lesson on page #ha1 & pa9t ! spaces 9 "o1 ,,hl & ,b2 9 ! o!r ,m & ,b4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,pictures 9 ,diff]5t ,keys4 ,9 y\r /udy ( music y h le>n$ to s+ 9 diff]5t keys4 ,"s songs are pit*$ 9 high keys1 & o!rs 9 l[4 ,or1 ! same song may be sung 9 sev]al diff]5t keys4 ,! tune or melody rema9s ! same1 b !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! s\nd4 ,pictures are sometimes spok5 ( z be+ pa9t$ 9 keys4 ,if ! d>k] values ( ! scale are us$1 ! picture is said to be 9 l[ key4 ,if ! picture is full ( light color1 x is said to be 9 a high key4 ,sket*es #a & #b %[ y h[ diff]5t ! same design appe>s1 :5 pa9t$ 9 diff]5t keys4 ,sket* #c is a l&scape 9 ! same values us$ 9 ,sket* #a4 ,sket* #d %[s ! same sc5e 9 a l[] key4 ,! s(t1 silv]y light ( e>ly morn+ has giv5 place to ! deep] tones ( dusk4 ,draw two f\r-in* squ>es & divide !m alike into l>ge & small spaces4 ,us+ two values1 pa9t "o 9 a high key1 & ! o!r 9 a l[ key4 ,make a little scale "u ea* sket*1 nam+ ! values y h us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gordon ,illu/ration3 ,,logan ,,or ,,macl5nan ,scot* ,plaids4 ,long1 long ye>s ago1 be=e ! days ( k+s & que5s1 p liv$ toge!r 9 great families or tribes4 ,9 ,scotl& ^! tribes 7 call$ clans1 & ! sign or badge ( a clan 0 %[n 9 ! t>tan plaid4 ,?is 0 a heavy piece ( wool5 clo? worn ov] ! %\ld]s1 z a protection f ! wea!r4 ,a sort ( skirt1 call$ a kilt1 0 made f ! same plaid1 & ?is co/ume 0 worn by bo? m5 & wom5 ( ! clans 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,! t>tans 7 wov5 9 bright colors1 =m+ designs l ^? at ! top ( ?is page4 ,!y 7 (t5 v beautiful 9 _! arrangem5t ( spaces & colors4 ,ea* diff]5t design receiv$ a "n f ! clan t wore x4 ,^? at ! top ( ?is page are ! ,gordon & ! ,logan or ,mac,lennan t>tans4 ,copy 9 colors "s good plaid design1 t y c f9d 9 g+hams1 9 silk1 or 9 wool5 clo?4 ,illu/ration ,a ,/a9$ ,glass ,w9d[4 ,"s /a9$ glass w9d[s are z beautiful to look at z f9e pa9t+s4 ,_! ri* colors gl[ ) light1 & !y %[ an int]e/+ v>iety & arrangem5t ( %apes4 ,!y are usually made ( color$ glass1 held toge!r by lead grooves4 ,^! are repres5t$ 9 ! design on ?is page by ! heavy black l9es4 ,y c make ) wat]-colors an effect v mu* l /a9$ glass4 ,) p5cil1 draw an oblong t5 in*es long & ab\t sev5 in*es wide4 ,)9 ?is1 draw ano!r oblong1 = ! c5tral piece ( glass4 ,! size ( ?is inn] oblong y mu/ det]m9e = y\rself4 ,rememb] t its size fixes ! wid? ( ! bord]4 ,9 ! bord] space1 draw "s simple /raight l9e design4 ,pa9t ! small] oblong1 by wett+ its surface ev5ly1 & dropp+ 9 r$1 yell[1 & blue4 ,let ! colors bl5d z !y w1 & use ! bru% to c>ry color to ! edges ( ! oblong4 ,:5 ?is is dry1 pa9t ! %apes 9 ! bord] 9 flat wa%es ( any two colors4 ,la/ ( all1 pa9t /rong1 black lead l9es4 ,illu/ration ,! ,/a9$ ,glass ,w9d[ 9 ,values4 ,! great] "p ( ! illu/rations :i* appe> 9 books & magaz9es is done 9 neutral grays4 ,all sorts ( color effects are repres5t$ by grays 9 ^! diff]5t pictures1 & ?is is done by p :o und]/& j :at neutral value is ne$$ to repres5t a c]ta9 color1 its t9ts1 or its %ades4 ,y h (t5 repres5t$ fl[]s1 l&scapes1 figures1 & /ill life 9 gray wa%es1 or ) p5cil or *>coal4 ,9 ,*>t ,d y see t c]ta9 colors l yell[1 yell[-orange1 orange1 yell[-gre5 & gre5 are repres5t$ 9 _! full int5sity by grays *os5 f ! upp] end ( ! neutral value scale1 & t ! d>k] colors l r$1 r$-violet1 blue1 blue-violet1 & violet are repres5t$ 9 _! full int5sity by ! grays bel[ middle gray4 ,comp>e ! colors y us$ 9 mak+ y\r /a9$ glass w9d[ design ) ,*>t ,d on page #gg4 ,draw ! same plan t y us$ = y\r color$ design4 ,cov] ! small] oblong ) a wat] wa% & drop 9 *>coal-gray1 9 values to suit ! light & d>k colors 9 y\r /a9$ glass w9d[ design4 ,fill ! small oblongs 9 ! bord] ) flat wa%es ( gray4 ,try to det]m9e j :at grays w\ld repres5t ! colors y us$4 ,y\r lead l9es %\ld be ( ev5 ?ickness ?r\gh\t4 ,draw !m :5 ! re/ ( ! "w is ?or\ghly dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration3 ,d ,illu/ration3 ,e ,illu/ration3 ,f ,sev]al ,ways ( ,decorat+ a ,squ>e ,space4 ,on pages #fi1 #gj1 & #ga y le>n$ h[ to draw & divide c]ta9 %apes4 ,y saw t by slightly *ang+ ! direction ( con/ruction l9es1 decorative designs c\ld be made4 ,con/ruction l9es are l9es us$ 9 draw+ & divid+ a %ape4 ,!y may or may n be reta9$1 aft] ! design is f9i%$4 ,9 ,sket* ,a on ?is page ! f\r sides ( ! squ>e & ! horizontal diamet] may be tak5 z con/ruction l9es4 ,by foll[+ ^! l9es ) a n>r[ pa?way & slightly *ang+ ! direction ( p>ts ( !m1 designs c be made 9 great v>iety4 ,9 ,sket* ,b diamet]s are drawn & 9 ! c5t] is a small squ>e on its diagonals4 ,little pa?ways lead f ! sides ( ! squ>e to ! c5t]1 result+ 9 a f\r-sid$ decoration4 ,9 ,sket* ,c diagonals are drawn & pa?ways s5t along !m to ! c5t]4 ,sket*es ,d1 ,e1 & ,f are l ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 except t curv$ l9es h be5 us$ in/ead ( /raight l9es4 ,draw six f\r-in* squ>es4 ,copy ! con/ruction l9es & _! modifications z %[n 9 ! six sket*es on ?is page4 ,f9i% ea* design & /r5g!n ! l9es :i* w br+ out ! decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration3 ,d ,decorat+ an ,oblong ,%ape4 ,! oblong is a favorite %ape = book-cov]s1 envelopes1 c>d-cases1 portfolios1 & o!r articles t c be made 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,hundr$s ( objects ab\t y 9 s*ool & at home are also bas$1 9 _! proportions1 on ! oblong4 ,?9k ( ! books1 boxes1 rugs1 doors1 & w9d[s1 t y con/antly see4 ,!y are ne>ly always %ap$ l an oblong4 ,y w be int]e/$ to "k "s ( ! ways 9 :i* decorations = ^! objects are plann$4 ,9 a rug or a book-cov]1 = in/ance1 we (t5 wi% a design simil> to t %[n 9 ,sket* ,a4 ,9 plann+ = ?is1 a small] oblong 0 drawn )9 ! l>g] "o4 ,! l9es ( ! small] "o 7 us$ z con/ruction l9es1 & ^! 7 modifi$ 9 ! same way z 7 ! con/ruction l9es ( ! squ>e on page #hg4 ,9 ,sket* ,d1 ! diamet]s ( ! oblong 7 drawn & ! semi-diamet]s bisect$4 ,!n ^! po9ts 7 connect$4 ,9 bo? ,sket* ,a & ,sket* ,d1 all con/ruction l9es n us$ 9 ! design 7 eras$4 ,draw two oblongs n less ?an eight in*es high1 & wide en\gh to make a panel ( pleas+ proportions4 ,plan & draw designs simil> to1 b n exactly l1 ^? %[n 9 ,sket*es ,a & ,d4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration3 ,d ,illu/ration3 ,e ,h[ to ,use ,%apes f ,nature 9 ,design4 ,if all our designs 7 l ^? :i* c be made by foll[+ ! con/ruction l9es ( c]ta9 def9ite %apes1 we w\ld v likely gr[ tir$ ( see+ s mu* decoration ( t k9d4 ,we may get _m ideas ( beautiful l9es & %apes f a plant or a fl[]1 & we may use ^! ideas 9 mak+ designs1 z ! draw+s on ?is page & ! next w %[4 ,look at ! sket* ( ! m>%-m>igold1 & !n at ! small draw+s at ! "r4 ,a is a petal1 ,b is a /am51 ,c is a side view ( ! fl[]1 %[+ ?ree petals & a /em1 ,d is a leaf1 & ,e a bud & /em4 ,9 ^! sket*es ! l9es are ev51 ! %apes are regul>1 & all accid5ts ( gr[? are omitt$4 ,sometimes ! %apes 7 drawn l>g] ?an _! true size1 & sometimes ! p>ts 7 sep>at$1 z 9 ,c & ,e4 ,we ne$ n copy j :at we see1 b we may modify %apes or *ange _! size & arrangem5t to suit ! spaces :i* !y are to fill4 ,/udy a wild fl[] 9 ?is way4 ,see h[ _m design ideas y c get f "o plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,%apes f ,nature 9 ,bord]s & ,o!r ,decorations4 ,nature has sugge/$ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful decorations we h4 ,9 ! baptismal font on page #fe1 ! c>v$ decoration 0 evid5tly f ! gr[? ( a v9e4 ,! v9e is n repres5t$ exactly z x grew4 ,a decoration t %[$ ! actual appe>ance ( ! plant w\ld n h be5 adapt$ to ! space4 ,9 ! ?ree oblongs on ?is page1 ! m>%-m>igold %apes h be5 us$ 9 ?ree ways4 ,9 ,sket* ,a1 ! petals ( ! fl[] 7 us$ 9 a bord] design1 & ! size ( ! unit1 or %ape repeat$1 0 c>efully plann$4 ,if ! petal %apes _h be5 drawn l>g]1 ! bord] w\ld h be5 too heavy = ! size ( ! oblong4 ,9 ,sket* ,b1 two leaves & an arrangem5t ( petal %apes sugge/+ ! fl[] 7 us$1 & 9 ,sket* ,c1 ! side view ( ! fl[] & a "p ( ! /em =m a unit :i* is us$ to spot ! oblong4 ,^! spots are n cr[d$1 b are plac$ ) c>eful ?\ght z to ! be/ appe>ance ( ! oblong4 ,no matt] h[ beautiful a unit1 a bord]1 or a c5tral gr\p may be 9 itself1 we mu/ ?9k ( its effect ^u ! object to be decorat$4 ,draw ?ree oblongs f\r times ! size ( ^? on ?is page4 ,decorate ^! ) a bord]1 a c5tral gr\p1 & by spott+4 ,use ! design ideas y f\nd 9 ! lesson on page #hi4 ,a ,simple ,design = a ,portfolio4 ,illu/ration ,good proportion & ! "r arrangem5t ( light & d>k values w (t5 make an object beautiful1 )\t ! addition ( ornam5t4 ,9 ! *apt] on /ill life1 ! objects y /udi$ 7 n decorat$1 b !y 7 well design$ 9 _! beauty ( proportions1 _! color1 & _! contra/ 9 values4 ,_m famili> objects su* z envelopes1 boxes1 & book-cov]s1 dep5d = beauty on ^! simple elem5ts4 ,! sket* ( ! portfolio on ?is page is beautiful because x has a f9e proportion ( p>ts1 & because ! gray values ( ^! p>ts are h>moni\s4 ,if ! d>k b& ( ! back _h be5 wid] or n>r[]1 if ! space = ! "n _h be5 plac$ diff]5tly1 or if ! size ( ! corn]-pieces _h be5 *ang$1 ! h>mony ( p>ts w\ld h be5 di/urb$1 & ! portfolio w\ld n h be5 beautiful4 ,or1 if ! d>k gray trimm+ _h be5 black1 !re w\ld h be5 too great a diff]5ce betwe5 ! values us$1 & t aga9 w\ld di/urb ! h>moni\s effect ( ! :ole4 ,y c tell h[ l>ge to make ! p>ts1 :]e to put !m1 & :at arrangem5t ( values to use1 only by try+ sev]al ways1 & !n select+ ! mo/ beautiful4 ,?is portfolio may be made by pa/+ t9t$ pap] or book l95 ov] c>dbo>ds4 ,! bo>ds %\ld be cov]$ fir/ ) ! mat]ial *os5 = ! outside4 ,!n ! corn]s & back %\ld be add$1 & a l9+ ( pap] pa/$ across bo? bo>ds on ! inside4 ,! space = a "n on ! outside %\ld be c>efully plann$4 ,)9 ?is space %\ld be drawn v c>efully1 ! lett]s ( any "n y may wi% to place on ! portfolio4 ,illu/ration ,color ,s*emes f ,nature4 ,9 ! _w ab\t y1 e object t y see has color4 ,f ! bright colors y c s easily see 9 fl[]s1 leaves1 grasses1 & ! sunset sky1 to ! gray$ colors ( tree trunks1 cl\ds1 ! gr\nd1 & build+s1 !re is ! greate/ v>iety & range4 ,ev5 9 ! moonlight1 objects ?\gh greatly *ang$ 9 effect1 /ill h color4 ,if x 7 n = ?is1 we c\ld n see !m4 ,x is only 9 ! d>ke/ night1 :5 we c see b a few feet ahead ( u1 t objects seem to lose _! color4 ,9 our h\ses1 too1 ev]y?+ has color--n ! bright hues t we f9d 9 fl[]s & l&scapes1 b s(t]1 gray$ color4 ,we w\ld n l c>pets & wall-pap] ( ! bright color we f9d 9 poppies1 = in/ance4 ,! colors we use 9 our furni%+s %\ld n be gl>+ & int5se1 b quiet & re/ful4 ,to f9d ^! color relations1 & to tra9 ! eye to "k & enjoy f9e color h>monies1 we /udy :at arti/s h done1 9 pa9t+s & o!r works ( art4 ,9 nature1 too1 we f9d color sugge/ions 9 endless v>iety4 ,9 autumn ! _w is flood$ ) ri* color4 ,ev5 ! common we$ t is %[n y on ?is page %[s a comb9ation ( colors t w\ld be safe to use 9 any "w ( our own4 ,see h[ ! colors 9 ! plant h be5 arrang$ 9 a little scale4 ,su* an arrangem5t is call$ a color s*eme4 ,make a sket* 9 color f "s plant or se$head4 ,"u ! sket*1 arrange 9 little oblongs ! colors y f\nd 9 ! plant4 ,us+ "o ( ,nature's ,color ,s*emes4 ,illu/ration ,nature's color s*emes become mo/ int]e/+ to u :5 we use !m 9 "s "w ( our own4 ,! bru%-broom hold] on ?is page %[s 9 its color+ ! s*eme f\nd 9 ! plant gr[? on page #ib4 ,9 mak+ a hold] ( ?is k9d1 *oose mat]ials t w be /rong1 & t w look well toge!r4 ,pa/ebo>ds %\ld be cut 9 good proportions1 ( a size & %ape to fit a p>ticul> broom4 ,^! %\ld be cov]$ on bo? sides 9 ! same way t y cov]$ ! sides ( y\r portfolio on page #ia4 ,! mat]ial = ?is cov]+ may be /\t pap]1 l951 pla9 g+ham1 or lea!r1 color$ to suit "o ( ! colors 9 ! s*eme y h *os54 ,a simple design may be plac$ on ! hold] 9 ano!r color *os5 f y\r s*eme4 ,!n holes = lac+ are to be pun*$ 9 ! sides4 ,! cord = lac+ %\ld h>monize 9 quality & color ) ! re/ ( y\r design4 ,! color ( ! broom itself may be br\ght into h>mony ) ! hold] by pa9t+ x ) wat]-color1 or by dipp+ x 9 a mixture ( wat]-color t mat*es "o ( ! colors 9 y\r s*eme4 ,a few ,indian beads ( bright color /rung on ! lac+ /r+s w add greatly to ! effect4 ,a ,raffia ,basket4 ,illu/ration ,_m ( ! baskets made by ! ,am]ican ,indians are s beautiful t !y des]ve to be class$ z works ( art4 ,we wond] t a race ( p s savage 9 _! ta/es & s w&]+ 9 _! habits c\ld h produc$ articles ( s mu* beauty f ! mat]ials !y f\nd 9 ! wild]ness ( nature4 ,_m ( ^! mat]ials x is impossible = u to f9d or to use1 b we c make ) raffia & rattan1 baskets t are some?+ l ^? made by ! ,indians4 ,! sket* on ?is page is f a s(t coil basket1 made entirely ( raffia4 ,! am\nt ( raffia us$ dep5ds entirely on ! size ( ! basket4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! basket1 make a sket* %[+ its height1 ! wid? ( ! top & bottom1 ! %ape ( its sides1 & a simple decoration 9 color4 ,! bottom ( ! basket is to be made fir/1 beg9n+ ! coil at ! c5t]4 ,! coil %\ld measure ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & is to be made ( a numb] ( /r&s ( raffia1 plac$ ) ! l>ge ends toge!r1 =m+ a blunt po9t4 ,w9d ! /r&s tightly toge!r ) a /r& ( raffia1 "o end ( :i* is ?read$ ?r\gh a l>ge ne$le4 ,"w back f ! end until y h a firm coil ab\t half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,/>t ! spiral ) ?is end1 d\bl+ x back1 & sew+ x firmly 9 place4 ,w9d ! raffia /r&s ) ! /r& c>ry+ ! ne$le1 sew+ ! coil ?us made to ! c5t]4 ,aft] ! fir/ "t ar\nd1 ! /it*es %\ld be made ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ap>t1 & %\ld be fa/5$ ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( ! la/ coil4 ,/r&s ( raffia mu/ be add$ to ! coil1 to keep x ( uni=m size4 ,:5 a new ne$leful is tak51 ! end ( ! w9d+ & sew+ /r& mu/ be hidd5 9 ! coil4 ,! /it* is ! same ?r\gh\t ! basket4 ,! bottom is kept p]fectly flat1 & ! sides %ap$ to suit ! design4 ,any decoration 9 color1 su* z is %[n 9 ! sket*1 is w\nd 9 ) color$ raffia4 ,:5 f9i%+ ! basket1 ! coil is to be cut1 & ! end tap]$1 w\nd1 & sew$ firmly d[n to ! coil bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,c ,a ,wov5 ,cu%ion-,cov]4 ,raffia is an arti/ic mat]ial :i* l5ds itself to _m uses4 ,! cov]s = ! por*-pill[ %[n 9 ! sket* on ?is page are wov5 ) raffia1 on a /rong loom4 ,! size ( ! loom det]m9es ! size ( ! wov5 cov]4 ,! cu%ion f :i* ?is sket* 0 made measur$ eighte5 in*es squ>e )\t ! fr+e1 & ab\t two & a half p\nds ( raffia 7 us$ 9 ! cov]s1 ! fr+e1 & ! fill+ ( ! cu%ion4 ,sket* ,c %[s ! wood5 ne$le us$ 9 c>ry+ ! /r&s ( raffia ov] & "u ! w>p4 ,raffia is us$ bo? = ! w>p & ! wo( ( ! weav+4 ,9 /r++ ! loom1 f\rte5 to sixte5 pieces ( raffia %\ld be us$ z "o /r& or ?read ( ! w>p1 & ^! /r&s %\ld be ti$ firmly to ! ends ( ! loom4 ,z _m ( ^! /r&s mu/ be us$ z c be ti$ on ! loom )\t cr[d+4 ,!y may t\*1 b n ov]lap4 ,9 weav+1 ! l>ge ne$le is ?read$ ) raffia to make a /r& equal 9 size to ! /r&s ( ! w>p1 & ?is /r& is wov5 "u & ov] ! /r&s ( ! w>p1 mak+ ! famili> basket weave4 ,! ends ( ! /r&s us$ 9 ?is way =m ! fr+e1 :i* is trimm$ to ! desir$ l5g? :5 ! weav+ is done4 ,/ripes1 plaids1 or simple figures may be wov5 9 ) color$ raffia4 ,! two sides ( ! cu%ion may %[ diff]5t designs4 ,color ,s*emes f ,man's ,h&iwork4 ,illu/ration ,leaves1 plants1 fl[]s1 insects1 butt]flies1 %ells1 fea!rs1 cl\ds1 & c\ntless o!r objects 9 nature c furni% u ) _m delightful color s*emes4 ,we c also le>n mu* f ! arti/ic "w ( p4 ,9 ,indian pott]y & weav+ we (t5 see f9e comb9ations ( color4 ,! ,indians und]/ood h[ to make beautiful dyes f roots1 b]ries1 & o!r vegetable gr[?s1 & ! colors obta9$ 9 ?is way h a peculi> quality & beauty1 n f\nd 9 _m ( ! dyes 9 common use today4 ,! picture on ?is page is f a f9e specim5 ( ,sikyatki pott]y4 ,sikyatki 0 an ,indian village 9 ,new ,mexico1 & 0 ! home ( a tribe ( ,pueblo ,indians4 ,:5 ! ,indians wi%$ to s5d a writt5 message !y made use ( picture-writ+2 t is1 !y made pictures s simple t !y are call$ signs or symbols4 ,_! symbol ( a tree1 = in/ance1 w\ld look mu* l ! tree pictures made by v little *ildr52 ?ree %ort v]tical m>ks sometimes meant ?ree w>riors2 a zigzag l9e /ood sometimes = ! lightn+1 sometimes = a s]p5t2 & a wavy l9e ext5d+ 9 a horizontal direction 0 ! symbol ( a brook1 a riv]1 or ! great ocean4 ,f a good ,indian b[l or basket make an exact copy1 & place und]nea? x ! scale ( colors f\nd 9 ! object4 ,us+ ,color ,s*emes 9 ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration ,9 plann+ a b[l or vase l ! "o %[n y on ?is page1 a sket* ( ! front view %\ld be made %[+ ! diamet] ( ! top & bottom ( ! b[l1 its height1 its %ape1 ! color s*eme1 & ! decoration4 ,su* a draw+ might be call$ a design = a b[l4 ,aft] draw+ su* a design1 ! next /ep is to make ! b[l ( clay4 ,= ! b[l repres5t$ "h1 a lump ( clay 0 roll$ & patt$ into a l[1 r\ghly %ap$ cyl9d]4 ,! ?umbs 7 !n ?ru/ into ! middle ( ! cyl9d]1 & !y1 toge!r ) ! f+]s1 pu%$ ! clay outw>d to =m ! bottom & "p ( ! sides ( ! b[l4 ,! sides 7 f9i%$ by add+ flat pieces ( clay1 _! edges be+ c>efully work$ until ! pieces add$ seem$ a "p ( ! =m4 ,! sides & bottom ( ! b[l 7 kept ( uni=m ?ickness4 ,!n ! b[l 0 all[$ to /& ab\t a day1 or until x became :at is call$ lea!r h>d4 ,! bord] 0 !n pa9t$ on ) pott]'s colors1 ! l[] "p ( ! b[l 0 color$1 & ! inside glaz$4 ,! b[l 0 aga9 all[$ to dry1 ?is "t v ?or\ghly4 ,x 0 !n fir$ 9 a pott]'s kiln4 ,make a fl[] hold] ( clay4 ,use ! color s*eme y f\nd 9 y\r ,indian b[l or basket4 ,if possible1 fire ! b[l 9 a kiln4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,,c&le ,,/ick ,illu/ration3 ,,/opp] ,,= ,,ink ,,well ,illu/ration3 #d ,,ink ,,well ,illu/ration3 #a ,,jewel ,,box ,illu/ration3 #b ,,mat* ,,safe ,illu/ration3 #e ,,button ,,box