mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,,human1 ,,all ,,too ,,human ,a ,,book ,,= ,,free ,,spirits ,,by ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,alex&] ,,h>vey ,,*icago ,,*>les ,h4 ,,k]r ,,company #aijh ,copyright #aijh ,by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r ,company ,,cont5ts ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,?+s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s ,,! ,,religi\s ,,life ,,preface4 #a ,x is (t5 en\gh1 & always ) great surprise1 intimat$ to me t !re is some?+ bo? ord9>y & unusual 9 all my writ+s1 f ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y to ! rec5tly publi%$ ,prelude to a ,philosophy ( ! ,future3 !y all conta91 ,i h be5 told1 sn>es & nets = %ort sight$ birds1 & some?+ t is almo/ a con/ant1 subtle1 incitem5t to an ov]turn+ ( habitual op9ions & ( approv$ cu/oms4 ,:at68 ,ev]y?+ is m]ely--human--all too human8 ,) ?is exclamation my writ+s are gone ?r\gh1 n )\t a c]ta9 dread & mi/ru/ ( e?ic itself & n )\t a disposition to ask ! expon5t ( evil ?+s if ^? ?+s be n simply misrepres5t$4 ,my writ+s h be5 t]m$ a s*ool ( di/ru/1 /ill m ( disda93 also1 & m happily1 ( c\rage1 audacity ev54 ,& 9 fact1 ,i myself d n believe t anybody ev] look$ into ! _w ) a di/ru/ z deep z m9e1 seem+1 z ,i d1 n simply ! timely advocate ( ! devil1 b1 to employ !ological t]ms1 an enemy & *all5g] ( ,god2 & :osoev] has exp]i5c$ any ( ! consequ5ces ( su* deep di/ru/1 any?+ ( ! *ills & ! agonies ( isolation to :i* su* an unqualifi$ diff]5ce ( /&po9t condemns him end[$ ) x1 w also und]/& h[ (t5 ,i mu/ h s\ght relief & self-=getfulness f any s\rce--?r\gh any object ( v5]ation or enmity1 ( sci5tific s]i\sness or wanton lightness2 also :y ,i1 :5 ,i c\ld n f9d :at ,i 0 9 ne$ (1 _h to fa%ion x = myself1 c\nt]feit+ x or imag9+ x 7& :at poet or writ] has ev] done any?+ else1 & :at o!r purpose c all ! art 9 ! _w possibly h87 ,t :i* ,i always /ood mo/ 9 ne$ ( 9 ord] to effect my cure & self-recov]y 0 fai?1 fai? en\gh n to be ?us isolat$1 n to look at life f s s+ul> a po9t ( view--a magic appreh5sion 79 eye & m9d7 ( relation%ip & equality1 a calm confid5ce 9 fri5d%ip1 a bl9dness1 free f suspicion & que/ion+1 to two sid$ness2 a pleasure 9 ext]nals1 sup]ficialities1 ! ne>1 ! accessible1 9 all ?+s possess$ ( color1 sk9 & seem+4 ,p]haps ,i c\ld be fairly reproa*$ ) mu* art 9 ?is reg>d1 _m f9e c\nt]feit+s2 = example1 t1 wisely or wilfully1 ,i _h %ut my eyes to ,s*op5hau]'s bl9d w t[>ds e?ic1 at a "t :5 ,i 0 already cle> sight$ en\gh on ! subject ( e?ic2 likewise t ,i _h deceiv$ myself conc]n+ ,ri*>d ,wagn]'s incurable romanticism1 z if x 7 a beg9n+ & n an end2 likewise conc]n+ ! ,greeks1 likewise conc]n+ ! ,g]mans & _! future--& !re may be1 p]haps1 a long li/ ( su* likewises4 ,grant$1 h[ev]1 t all ?is 7 true1 & ) ju/ice urg$ aga9/ me1 :at does x signify1 :at c x signify 9 reg>d to h[ mu* ( ! self-su/a9+ capacity1 h[ mu* ( reason & high] protection are embrac$ 9 su* self-deception8--& h[ mu* m falsity is /ill necess>y to me t ,i may !re) always reassure myself reg>d+ ! luxury ( my tru?4 ,en\gh1 ,i /ill live2 & life is n consid]$ n[ ap>t f e?ic2 x w h deception2 x ?rives 7lebt7 on deception 444 b am ,i n beg9n+ to d all ov] aga9 :at ,i h always done1 ,i1 ! old immorali/1 & bird sn>]--talk unmorally1 ultramorally1 beyond good & evil8 #b ,?us1 !n1 h ,i evolv$ = myself ! free spirits to :om ?is disc\rag+-enc\rag+ "w1 "u ! g5]al title ,human1 ,all ,too ,human1 is d$icat$4 ,su* free spirits d n really exi/ & nev] did exi/4 ,b ,i /ood 9 ne$ ( !m1 z ,i h po9t$ out1 9 ord] t "s good might be mix$ ) my evils 7illness1 lonel9ess1 /rang5ess1 ac$ia1 incapacity73 to s]ve z gay spirits & comrades1 ) :om "o may talk & laugh :5 "o is dispos$ to talk & laugh1 & :om "o may s5d to ! devil :5 !y gr[ we>isome4 ,!y are "s comp5sation = ! lack ( fri5ds4 ,t su* free spirits c possibly exi/1 t our ,europe w yet numb] among h] sons ( to-morr[ or ( ! day aft] to-morr[1 su* a brilliant & en?usia/ic company1 alive & palpable & n m]ely1 z 9 my case1 fantasms & imag9>y %ades1 ,i1 myself1 c by no means d\bt4 ,i see !m already com+1 sl[ly1 sl[ly4 ,may x n be t ,i am do+ a little some?+ to exp$ite _! com+ :5 ,i describe 9 advance ! influ5ces "u :i* ,i see !m evolv+ & ! ways along :i* !y travel8 #c ,x may be conjectur$ t a s\l 9 :i* ! type ( free _s c atta9 maturity & complet5ess _h its decisive & decid+ ev5t 9 ! =m ( a great emancipation or unb9d+1 & t prior to t ev5t x seem$ only ! m firmly & =ev] *a9$ to its place & pill>4 ,:at b9ds /ronge/8 ,:at cords seem almo/ unbreakable8 ,9 ! case ( mortals ( a *oice & l(ty nature !y w be ^? ( duty3 t rev]5ce1 :i* 9 y\? is mo/ typical1 t timidity & t5d]ness 9 ! pres5ce ( ! traditionally honor$ & ! wor?y1 t gratitude to ! soil f :i* we sprung1 = ! h& t guid$ u1 = ! relic be=e :i* we 7 taught to pray--_! sublime/ mom5ts w !mselves b9d ^! s\ls mo/ /rongly4 ,! great lib]ation comes sudd5ly to su* prison]s1 l an e>?quake3 ! "y s\l is all at once %ak51 torn ap>t1 ca/ =?--x compreh5ds n itself :at is tak+ place4 ,an involunt>y onw>d impulse rules !m ) ! ma/]y ( comm&2 a w1 a wi% are develop$ to g =w>d1 any:]e1 at any price2 a /rong1 dang]\s curiosity reg>d+ an undiscov]$ _w flames & fla%es 9 all _! be+4 ,bett] to die ?an live "h--s s\nds ! tempt+ voice3 & ?is "h1 ?is at home con/itutes all !y h hi!rto lov$4 ,a sudd5 dread & di/ru/ ( t :i* !y lov$1 a fla% ( contempt = t :i* is call$ _! duty1 a mut9\s1 wilful1 volcanic-l long+ = a f> away j\rney1 /range sc5es & p1 annihilation1 petrifaction1 a hatr$ surm\nt+ love1 p]haps a sacrilegi\s impulse & look backw>ds1 to :]e !y s long pray$ & lov$1 p]haps a flu% ( %ame = :at !y did & at ! same "t an exultation at hav+ done x1 an inn]1 intoxicat+1 delightful tremor 9 :i* is betray$ ! s5se ( victory--a victory8 ov] :at8 ov] :om8 a riddle-l victory1 fruitful 9 que/ion+ & well wor? que/ion+1 b ! fir/ victory1 = all--su* ?+s ( pa9 & ill belong to ! hi/ory ( ! great lib]ation4 ,& x is at ! same "t a malady t c de/roy a man1 ?is fir/ outbreak ( /r5g? & w = self-de/9ation1 self-valuation1 ?is w = free w3 & h[ mu* illness is =c$ to ! surface 9 ! frantic /riv+s & s+ul>ities ) :i* ! fre$man1 ! lib]at$ seeks h5ce=? to atte/ 8 ma/]y ov] ?+s6 ,he roves fi]cely ar\nd1 ) an unsatisfi$ long+ & :atev] objects he may enc\nt] mu/ suff] f ! p]il\s expectancy ( 8 pride2 he te>s to pieces :atev] attracts him4 ,) a s>donic laugh he ov]turns :atev] he f9ds veil$ or protect$ by any rev]5tial awe3 he w\ld see :at ^! ?+s look l :5 !y are ov]turn$4 ,x is wilfulness & delight 9 ! wilfulness ( x1 if he n[1 p]haps1 gives 8 approval to t :i* has h]et(ore be5 9 ill repute--if1 9 curiosity & exp]im5t1 he p5etrates /eal?ily to ! mo/ =bidd5 ?+s4 ,9 ! backgr\nd dur+ all 8 plung+ & roam+--= he is z re/less & aimless 9 8 c\rse z if lo/ 9 a wild]ness--is ! int]rogation m>k ( a curiosity gr[+ ev] m dang]\s4 ,c we n upset e /&>d8 & is good p]haps evil8 & ,god only an inv5tion & a subtlety ( ! devil8 ,is ev]y?+1 9 ! la/ resort1 false8 ,& if we are dupes are we n on t v acc\nt dup]s also8 mu/ we n be dup]s also8 ,su* reflections lead & mislead him1 ev] fur!r on1 ev] fur!r away4 ,solitude1 t dread goddess & mat] saeva cupid9um1 encircles & besets him1 ev] m ?reat5+1 m viol5t1 m he>t break+--b :o to-day kn[s :at solitude is8 #d ,f ?is morbid solitude1 f ! des]ts ( su* trial ye>s1 ! way is yet f> to t great1 ov]fl[+ c]ta9ty & heal?9ess :i* _c disp5se ev5 ) sickness z a means & a grappl+ hook ( k2 to t matur$ fre$om ( ! _s :i* is1 9 an equal degree1 self ma/]y & discipl9e ( ! he>t1 & gives access to ! pa? ( mu* & v>i\s reflection--to t inn] compreh5siv5ess & self satisfaction ( ov]-ri*ness :i* precludes all dang] t ! _s has gone a/ray ev5 9 its own pa? & is sitt+ intoxicat$ 9 "s corn] or o!r2 to t ov]plus ( pla/ic1 heal+1 imitative & re/orative p[] :i* is ! v sign ( vigor\s heal?1 t ov]plus :i* conf]s ^u ! free _s ! p]il\s pr]ogative ( sp5d+ a life 9 exp]im5t & ( runn+ adv5tur\s risks3 ! pa/-ma/]-privilege ( ! free _s4 ,9 ! int]val !re may be long ye>s ( convalesc5ce1 ye>s fill$ ) _m hu$ pa9fully-bewit*+ trans=mations1 dom9at$ & l$ to ! goal by a t5aci\s w = heal? t is (t5 embold5$ to assume ! guise & ! disguise ( heal?4 ,!re is a middle gr\nd to ?is1 :i* a man ( su* de/9y c n subsequ5tly recall )\t emotion2 he basks 9 a special f9e sun ( 8 own1 ) a feel+ ( birdlike fre$om1 birdlike visual p[]1 birdlike irrepressibl5ess1 a some?+ extrane\s 7,drittes7 9 :i* curiosity & delicate disda9 h unit$4 ,a free _s--?is refre%+ t]m is grateful 9 any mood1 x almo/ sets "o agl[4 ,"o lives--no long] 9 ! bonds ( love & hate1 )\t a yes or no1 "h or !re indiff]5tly1 be/ pleas$ to evade1 to avoid1 to beat ab\t1 nei!r advanc+ nor retreat+4 ,"o is habituat$ to ! bad1 l a p]son :o all at once sees a fe>ful hurly-burly b5ea? him--& "o 0 ! c\nt]p>t ( him :o bo!rs himself ) ?+s t d n conc]n him4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! free _s is bo!r$ ) m]e ?+s--& h[ _m ?+s--:i* no long] conc]n him4 #e ,a /ep fur!r 9 recov]y3 & ! free _s draws ne> to life aga91 sl[ly inde$1 almo/ refractorily1 almo/ di/ru/fully4 ,!re is aga9 w>m? & mell[ness3 feel+ & fell[ feel+ acquire dep?1 lamb5t airs /ir all ab\t him4 ,he almo/ feels3 x seems z if n[ = ! fir/ "t 8 eyes are op5 to ?+s ne>4 ,he is 9 amaze & sits hu%$3 = :]e _h he be58 ,^! ne> & imm$iate ?+s3 h[ *ang$ !y seem to him6 ,he looks gratefully back--grateful = 8 w&]+1 8 self exile & sev]ity1 8 look+s af> & 8 bird flights 9 ! cold heights4 ,h[ =tunate t he has n1 l a s5sitive1 dull home body1 rema9$ always 9 ! h\se & at home6 ,he _h be5 beside himself1 beyond a d\bt4 ,n[ = ! fir/ "t he really sees himself--& :at surprises 9 ! process4 ,:at hi!rto unfelt tremors6 ,yet :at joy 9 ! exhau/ion1 ! old sickness1 ! relapses ( ! convalesc5t6 ,h[ x delights him1 suff]+1 to sit /ill1 to ex]cise pati5ce1 to lie 9 ! sun6 ,:o s well z he appreciates ! fact t !re comes balmy wea!r ev5 9 w9t]1 :o delights m 9 ! sun%9e a?w>t ! wall8 ,!y are ! mo/ appreciative creatures 9 ! _w1 & also ! mo/ humble1 ^! convalesc5ts & liz>ds1 crawl+ back t[>ds life3 !re are "s among !m :o c let no day slip pa/ !m )\t address+ "s song ( praise to its retreat+ light4 ,& speak+ s]i\sly1 x is a fundam5tal cure = all pessimism 7! cank]\s vice1 z is well kn[n1 ( all ideali/s & humbugs71 to become ill 9 ! mann] ( ^! free spirits1 to rema9 ill q a :ile & !n bit by bit gr[ heal?y--,i mean heal?i]4 ,x is wisdom1 worldly wisdom1 to adm9i/] ev5 heal? to oneself = a long "t 9 small doses4 #f ,ab\t ?is "t x becomes at la/ possible1 amid ! fla% lights ( a /ill une/abli%$1 /ill prec>i\s heal?1 = ! free1 ! ev] fre] _s to beg9 to read ! riddle ( t great lib]ation1 a riddle :i* has hi!rto l+]$1 obscure1 well wor? que/ion+1 almo/ impalpable1 9 8 memory4 ,if once he h>dly d>$ to ask :y s ap>t8 s alone8 r5\nc+ all ,i lov$8 r5\nc+ respect itself8 :y ?is coldness1 ?is suspicion1 ?is hate = "o's v virtues8--n[ he d>es1 & asks x l\dly1 already he>+ ! answ]1 y _h to become ma/] ov] y\rself1 ma/] ( y\r own good qualities4 ,=m]ly !y 7 y\r ma/]s3 b !y %\ld be m]ely y\r tools along ) o!r tools4 ,y _h to acquire p[] ov] y\r aye & no & le>n to hold & )hold !m 9 accordance ) y\r high] aims4 ,y _h to grasp ! p]spective ( e repres5tation 7,w]?s*aetzung7--! dislocation1 di/ortion & ! app>5t end or teleology ( ! horizon1 besides :atev] else app]ta9s to ! p]spective3 also ! elem5t ( dem]it 9 its relation to oppos+ m]it1 & ! :ole intellectual co/ ( e affirmative1 e negative4 ,y _h to f9d out ! inevitable error#a 9 e ,yes & 9 e ,no1 error z insep>able f life1 life itself z condition$ by ! p]spective & its inaccuracy4#a ,above all1 y _h to see ) y\r own eyes :]e ! error#a is always greate/3 !re1 namely1 :]e life is little/1 n>r[e/1 meane/1 lea/ develop$ & yet _c help look+ ^u itself z ! goal & /&>d ( ?+s1 & smugly & ignobly & incessantly te>+ to tatt]s all t is highe/ & greate/ & ri*e/1 & putt+ ! %r$s into ! =m ( que/ions f ! /&po9t ( its own well be+4 ,y _h to see ) y\r own eyes ! problem ( classification1 7,rangordnung1 regulation conc]n+ rank & /ation7 & h[ /r5g? & sweep & rea* ( p]spective wax upw>d toge!r3 ,y _h--en\gh1 ! free _s kn[s h5ce=w>d :i* y _h x has obey$ & also :at x n[ c d & :at x n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 d>e4 #a ,ung]e*tigkeit1 lit]ally wrongfulness1 inju/ice1 unrighte\sness4 #g ,accord+ly1 ! free _s works out = itself an answ] to t riddle ( its lib]ation & concludes by g5]aliz+ ^u its exp]i5ce 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,:at ,i w5t ?r\gh ev]yone mu/ g ?r\gh 9 :om any problem is g]m9at$ & /rives to body itself =?4 ,! inn] p[] & inevitability ( ?is problem w ass]t !mselves 9 due c\rse1 z 9 ! case ( any unsuspect$ pregnancy--long be=e ! _s has se5 ?is problem 9 its true aspect & le>n$ to call x by its "r "n4 ,our de/9y ex]cises its influ5ce ov] u ev5 :51 z yet1 we h n le>n$ its nature3 x is our future t lays d[n ! law to our to-day4 ,grant$1 t x is ! problem ( classification#b ( :i* we free spirits may say1 ?is is our problem1 yet x is only n[1 9 ! midday ( our life1 t we fully appreciate :at prep>ations1 %ifts1 trials1 ordeals1 /ages1 7 ess5tial to t problem be=e x c\ld em]ge to our view1 & :y we _h to g ?r\gh ! v>i\s & contradictory long+s & satisfactions ( body & s\l1 z circumnavigators & adv5tur]s ( t inn] _w call$ man2 z surveyors ( t high] & ( t progression#c t is also call$ man--cr[d+ 9 ev]y:]e1 almo/ )\t fe>1 disda9+ no?+1 miss+ no?+1 te/+ ev]y?+1 sift+ ev]y?+ & elim9at+ ! *ance impurities--until at la/ we c\ld say1 we free spirits3 ,"h--a new problem6 ,"h1 a long ladd] on ! rungs ( :i* we ourselves h re/$ & ris51 :i* we h actually be5 at times4 ,"h is a some?+ high]1 a some?+ deep]1 a some?+ bel[ u1 a va/ly ext5sive ord]1 7,ordnung7 a comp>ative classification 7,rangordnung71 t we p]ceive3 "h--our problem6 #b ,rangordnung3 ! mean+ is ! problem ( grasp+ ! relative importance ( ?+s4 #c ,ueb]e9&]3 "o ov] ano!r4 #h ,to :at /age 9 ! developm5t j outl9$ ! pres5t book belongs 7or is assign$7 is some?+ t w be hidd5 f no augur or psy*ologi/ = an in/ant4 ,b :]e are !re psy*ologi/s to-day8 ,9 ,france1 c]ta9ly2 9 ,russia1 p]haps2 c]ta9ly n 9 ,g]many4 ,gr\nds are n want+1 to be sure1 ^u :i* ! ,g]mans ( to-day may adduce ?is fact to _! cr$it3 unhappily = "o :o 9 ?is matt] is fa%ion$ & m5tor$ 9 an un-,g]man s*ool6 ,?is ,g]man book1 :i* has f\nd its read]s 9 a wide circle ( l&s & peoples--x has be5 "s t5 ye>s on its r\nds--& :i* mu/ make its way by means ( any musical art & tune t w captivate ! =eign e> z well z ! native--?is book has be5 read mo/ indiff]5tly 9 ,g]many itself & little he$$ !re3 to :at is t due8 ,x requires too mu*1 ,i h be5 told1 x addresses itself to m5 free f ! press ( petty obligations1 x dem&s f9e & tra9$ p]ceptions1 x requires a surplus1 a surplus ( "t1 ( ! lightness ( heav5 & ( ! he>t1 ( otium 9 ! mo/ unre/rict$ s5se3 m]e good ?+s t we ,g]mans ( to-day h n got & !re=e _c give4 ,aft] s graceful a retort1 my philosophy bids me be sil5t & ask no m que/ions3 at times1 z ! prov]b says1 "o rema9s a philosoph] only because "o says--no?+6 ,nice1 ,spr+1 #ahhf4 ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,?+s4 #a ,*emi/ry ( ! ,notions & ! ,feel+s4--,philosophical problems1 9 almo/ all _! aspects1 pres5t !mselves 9 ! same int]rogative =mula n[ t !y did two ?\s& ye>s ago3 h[ c a ?+ develop out ( its anti!sis8 = example1 ! reasonable f ! non-reasonable1 ! animate f ! inanimate1 ! logical f ! illogical1 altruism f egoism1 dis9t]e/$ness f gre$1 tru? f error8 ,! metaphysical philosophy =m]ly /e]$ itself cle> ( ?is difficulty to su* ext5t z to repudiate ! evolution ( "o ?+ f ano!r & to assign a miracul\s orig9 to :at x deem$ highe/ & be/1 due to ! v nature & be+ ( ! ?+-9-itself4 ,! hi/orical philosophy1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* c no long] be view$ ap>t f physical sci5ce1 ! y\nge/ ( all philosophical me?ods1 discov]$ exp]im5tally 7& its results w probably always be ! same7 t !re is no anti!sis :atev]1 except 9 ! usual exagg]ations ( popul> or metaphysical compreh5sion1 & t an error ( ! reason is at ! bottom ( su* contradiction4 ,accord+ to its explanation1 !re is1 /rictly speak+1 nei!r unselfi% conduct1 nor a :olly dis9t]e/$ po9t ( view4 ,bo? are simply sublimations 9 :i* ! basic elem5t seems almo/ evaporat$ & betrays its pres5ce only to ! ke5e/ obs]vation4 ,all t we ne$ & t c\ld possibly be giv5 u 9 ! pres5t /ate ( developm5t ( ! sci5ces1 is a *emi/ry ( ! moral1 religi\s1 ae/hetic conceptions & feel+1 z well z ( ^? emotions :i* we exp]i5ce 9 ! affairs1 great & small1 ( society & civilization1 & :i* we are s5sible ( ev5 9 solitude4 ,b :at if ?is *emi/ry e/abli%$ ! fact t1 ev5 9 its doma91 ! mo/ magnific5t results 7 atta9$ ) ! base/ & mo/ despis$ +r$i5ts8 ,w\ld _m feel dispos$ to cont9ue su* inve/igations8 ,mank9d loves to put by ! que/ions ( its orig9 & beg9n+3 mu/ "o n be almo/ inhuman 9 ord] to foll[ ! opposite c\rse8 #b ,! ,traditional ,error ( ,philosoph]s4--,all philosoph]s make ! common mi/ake ( tak+ contempor>y man z _! />t+ po9t & ( try+1 ?r\gh an analysis ( him1 to rea* a conclusion4 ,man involunt>ily pres5ts himself to !m z an aet]na v]itas z a passive elem5t 9 e hurly-burly1 z a fix$ /&>d ( ?+s4 ,yet ev]y?+ utt]$ by ! philosoph] on ! subject ( man is1 9 ! la/ resort1 no?+ m ?an a piece ( te/imony conc]n+ man dur+ a v limit$ p]iod ( "t4 ,lack ( ! hi/orical s5se is ! traditional defect 9 all philosoph]s4 ,_m innoc5tly take man 9 8 mo/ *ildi% /ate z fa%ion$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 religi\s & ev5 ( c]ta9 political developm5ts1 z ! p]man5t =m "u :i* man mu/ be view$4 ,!y w n le>n t man has evolv$1#d t ! intellectual faculty itself is an evolution1 :]eas "s philosoph]s make ! :ole cosmos out ( ?is intellectual faculty4 ,b ev]y?+ ess5tial 9 human evolution took place aeons ago1 long be=e ! f\r ?\s& ye>s or s ( :i* we "k any?+3 dur+ ^! man may n h *ang$ v mu*4 ,h[ev]1 ! philosoph] ascribes in/9ct to contempor>y man & assumes t ?is is "o ( ! unalt]able facts reg>d+ man himself1 & h5ce af=ds a clue to ! und]/&+ ( ! univ]se 9 g5]al4 ,! :ole teleology is s plann$ t man dur+ ! la/ f\r ?\s& ye>s %all be spok5 ( z a be+ exi/+ f all et]nity1 & ) ref]5ce to :om ev]y?+ 9 ! cosmos f its v inception is naturally ord]$4 ,yet ev]y?+ evolv$3 !re are no et]nal facts z !re are no absolute tru?s4 ,accord+ly1 hi/orical philosophis+ is h5ce=? indisp5sable1 & ) x hone/y ( judgm5t4 #d geword54 #c ,appreciation ( ,simple ,tru?s4--,x is ! *>act]i/ic ( an advanc$ civilization to set a high] value ^u little1 simple tru?s1 asc]ta9$ by sci5tific me?od1 ?an ^u ! pleas+ & magnific5t errors orig9at+ 9 metaphysical & ae/hetical epo*s & peoples4 ,to beg9 )1 ! =m] are spok5 ( ) contempt z if !re c\ld be no "q ( comp>ison respect+ !m1 s rigid1 homely1 prosaic & ev5 disc\rag+ is ! aspect ( ! fir/1 :ile s beautiful1 decorative1 intoxicat+ & p]haps beatific appe> ! la/ nam$4 ,nev]!less1 ! h>dwon1 ! c]ta91 ! la/+ &1 !re=e1 ! f]tile 9 new k1 is ! high]2 to hold fa/ to x is manly & ev9ces c\rage1 directness1 endurance4 ,& n only individual m5 b all mank9d w by degrees be uplift$ to ?is manl9ess :5 !y are f9ally habituat$ to ! prop] appreciation ( t5able1 endur+ k & h lo/ all fai? 9 inspiration & 9 ! miracul\s revelation ( tru?4 ,! rev]]s ( =ms1 inde$1 ) _! /&>ds ( beauty & ta/e1 may h good reason to laugh :5 ! appreciation ( little tru?s & ! sci5tific _s beg9 to prevail1 b t w be only because _! eyes are n yet op5$ to ! *>m ( ! utmo/ simplicity ( =m or because m5 ?\gh re>$ 9 ! rightly appreciative _s1 w /ill n be fully p]meat$ by x1 s t !y cont9ue unwitt+ly imitat+ anci5t =ms 7& t ill en\gh1 z anybody does :o no long] feels any int]e/ 9 a ?+74 ,=m]ly ! m9d 0 n br\ght into play ?r\gh ! m$ium ( exact ?\ght4 ,its s]i\s bus9ess lay 9 ! work+ out ( =ms & symbols4 ,t has n[ *ang$4 ,any s]i\sness 9 symbolism is at pres5t ! indication ( a defici5t education4 ,z our v acts become m intellectual1 our t5d5cies m rational1 & our judgm5t1 = example1 z to :at seems reasonable1 is v diff]5t f :at x 0 a hundr$ ye>s ago3 s ! =ms ( our lives gr[ ev] m intellectual &1 to ! old fa%ion$ eye1 p]haps1 ugli]1 b only because x _c see t ! ri*ness ( inn]1 rational beauty always spreads & deep5s1 & t ! inn]1 rational aspect ( all ?+s %\ld n[ be ( m consequ5ce to u ?an ! mo/ beautiful ext]nality & ! mo/ exquisite limn+4 #d ,a/rology & ! ,l4--,x is presumable t ! objects ( ! religi\s1 moral1 ae/hetic & logical notions p]ta9 simply to ! sup]ficialities ( ?+s1 al?\gh man flatt]s himself ) ! ?\ght t "h at lea/ he is gett+ to ! he>t ( ! cosmos4 ,he deceives himself because ^! ?+s h p[] to make him s happy & s wret*$1 & s he ev9ces1 9 ?is respect1 ! same conceit t *>act]ises a/rology4 ,a/rology presupposes t ! heav5ly bodies are regulat$ 9 _! movem5ts 9 h>mony ) ! de/9y ( mortals3 ! moral man presupposes t t :i* conc]ns himself mo/ ne>ly mu/ also be ! he>t & s\l ( ?+s4 #e ,misconception ( ,dreams4--,9 ! dream1 mank9d1 9 epo*s ( crude primitive civilization1 ?\ght !y 7 introduc$ to a second1 sub/antial _w3 "h we h ! s\rce ( all metaphysic4 ,)\t ! dream1 m5 w\ld nev] h be5 incit$ to an analysis ( ! _w4 ,ev5 ! di/9ction betwe5 s\l & body is :olly due to ! primitive conception ( ! dream1 z also ! hypo!sis ( ! embodi$ s\l1 :5ce ! developm5t ( all sup]/ition1 & also1 probably1 ! belief 9 god4 ,! dead /ill live3 = !y appe> to ! liv+ 9 dreams4 ,s reason$ mank9d at "o "t1 & ?r\gh _m ?\s&s ( ye>s4 #f ,! ,sci5tific ,_s ,prevails only ,p>tially1 n ,:olly4--,! specializ$1 m9ute/ dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce are dealt ) purely objectively4 ,b ! g5]al univ]sal sci5ces1 consid]$ z a great1 basic unity1 posit ! "q--truly a v liv+ "q--3 to :at purpose8 :at is ! use8 ,because ( ?is ref]5ce to utility !y are1 z a :ole1 less imp]sonal ?an :5 look$ at 9 _! specializ$ aspects4 ,n[ 9 ! case ( philosophy1 z =m+ ! apex ( ! sci5tific pyramid1 ?is "q ( ! utility ( k is necess>ily br\ght v conspicu\sly =w>d1 s t e philosophy has1 unconsci\sly1 ! air ( ascrib+ ! highe/ utility to itself4 ,x is = ?is reason t all philosophies conta9 su* a great am\nt ( high fly+ metaphysic1 & su* a %r9k+ f ! seem+ insignificance ( ! deliv]ances ( physical sci5ce3 = ! significance ( k 9 relation to life mu/ be made to appe> z great z possible4 ,?is con/itutes ! antagonism betwe5 ! specialties ( sci5ce & philosophy4 ,! latt] aims1 z art aims1 at imp>t+ to life & conduct ! utmo/ dep? & significance3 9 ! =m] m]e k is s\ght & no?+ else--:atev] else be incid5tally obta9$4 ,h]et(ore !re has nev] be5 a philosophical sy/em 9 :i* philosophy itself 0 n made ! apologi/ ( k 9 ! ab/ract4 ,on ?is po9t1 at lea/1 ea* is optimi/ic & insi/s t to k ! highe/ utility mu/ be ascrib$4 ,!y are all "u ! tyranny ( logic1 :i* is1 f its v nature1 optimism4 #g ,! ,discordant ,elem5t 9 ,sci5ce4--,philosophy sev]$ itself f sci5ce :5 x put ! "q3 :at is t k ( ! _w & ( life ?r\gh :i* mank9d may be made happie/8 ,?is happ5$ :5 ! ,socratic s*ool arose3 ) ! /&po9t ( happ9ess ! art]ies ( inve/igat+ sci5ce 7 compress$ too tightly to p]mit ( any circulation ( ! blood--& are s compress$ to-day4 #h ,pneumatic ,explanation ( ,nature4#e--,metaphysic reads ! message ( nature z if x 7 writt5 purely pneumatically1 z ! *ur* & its le>n$ ones =m]ly did :]e ! bible 0 conc]n$4 ,x requires a great deal ( exp]tness to apply to nature ! same /rict sci5ce ( int]pretation t ! philologi/s h devis$ = all lit]ature1 & to apply x = ! purpose ( a simple1 direct int]pretation ( ! message1 & at ! same "t1 n br+ out a d\ble mean+4 ,b1 z 9 ! case ( books & lit]ature1 errors ( exposition are f> f be+ completely elim9at$1 & ve/iges ( allegorical & my/ical int]pretations are /ill to be met ) 9 ! mo/ cultivat$ circles1 s :]e nature is conc]n$ ! case is--actually mu* worse4 #e ,pneumatic is "h us$ 9 ! s5se ( spiritual4 ,pneuma be+ ! ,greek ^w 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t = ! ,holy ,_s4--,ed4 #i ,metaphysical ,_w4--,x is true1 !re may be a metaphysical _w2 ! absolute possibility ( x c sc>cely be disput$4 ,we see all ?+s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! human head & we _c well cut (f ?is head3 al?\gh !re rema9s ! "q :at "p ( ! _w w\ld be left aft] x _h be5 cut (f4 ,b t is a purely ab/ract sci5tific problem & "o n mu* calculat$ to give m5 uneas9ess3 yet ev]y?+ t has h]et(ore made metaphysical assumptions valuable1 fe>ful or delightful to m51 all t gave rise to !m is passion1 error & self deception3 ! wor/ sy/ems ( k1 n ! be/1 p9 _! t5ets ( belief !reto4 ,:5 su* me?ods are once br\ght to view z ! basis ( all exi/+ religions & metaphysics1 !y are already discr$it$4 ,!re always rema9s1 h[ev]1 ! possibility already conc$$3 b no?+ at all c be made out ( t1 to say n a ^w ab\t lett+ happ9ess1 salvation & life hang ^u ! ?reads spun f su* a possibility4 ,accord+ly1 no?+ c\ld be pr$icat$ ( ! metaphysical _w beyond ! fact t x is an else:]e1#f ano!r sph]e1 inaccessible & incompreh5sible to u3 x w\ld become a ?+ ( negative prop]ties4 ,ev5 7 ! exi/5ce ( su* a _w absolutely e/abli%$1 x w\ld nev]!less rema9 incontrov]tible t ( all k9ds ( k1 k ( su* a _w w\ld be ( lea/ consequ5ce--( ev5 less consequ5ce ?an k ( ! *emical analysis ( wat] w\ld be to a /orm toss$ m>9]4 #f ,&]sse94 #aj ,! ,h>mlessness ( ,metaphysic 9 ! ,future4--,z soon z religion1 art & e?ics are s und]/ood t a full compreh5sion ( !m c be ga9$ )\t tak+ refuge 9 ! po/ulates ( metaphysical claptrap at any po9t 9 ! l9e ( reason+1 !re w be a complete cessation ( int]e/ 9 ! purely !oretical problem ( ! ?+ 9 itself & ! ph5om5on4 ,= "h1 too1 ! same tru? applies3 9 religion1 art & e?ics we are n conc]n$ ) ! ess5ce ( ! cosmos4#g ,we are 9 ! sph]e ( pure conception4 ,no pres5tim5t or intuition c c>ry u any fur!r4 ,) p]fect tranquility ! "q ( h[ our conception ( ! _w c\ld diff] s %>ply f ! actual _w z x is manife/ to u1 w be relegat$ to ! physiological sci5ces & to ! hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ideas & organisms4 #g ,wes5 d] ,welt an si*4 #aa ,language z a ,presumptive ,sci5ce4--,! importance ( language 9 ! developm5t ( civilization consi/s 9 ! fact t by means ( x man plac$ "o _w1 8 own1 alongside ano!r1 a place ( lev]age t he ?\ght s firm z to admit ( 8 turn+ ! re/ ( ! cosmos on a pivot t he might ma/] x4 ,9 s f> z man = ages look$ ^u m]e ideas & names ( ?+s z ^u aet]nae v]itates1 he ev9c$ ! v pride ) :i* he rais$ himself above ! brute4 ,he really suppos$ t 9 language he possess$ a k ( ! cosmos4 ,! language build] 0 n s mode/ z to believe t he 0 only giv+ names to ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y he ?\ght he embodi$ ! highe/ wisdom conc]n+ ?+s 9 m]e words2 &1 9 tru?1 language is ! fir/ movem5t 9 all /riv+s = wisdom4 ,"h1 too1 x is fai? 9 asc]ta9$ tru?#h f :i* ! mightie/ f\nta9s ( /r5g? h fl[$4 ,v t>dily--only n[--x dawns ^u m5 t !y h propagat$ a mon/r\s error 9 _! belief 9 language4 ,=tunately1 x is too late n[ to arre/ & turn back ! evolution>y process ( ! reason1 :i* _h its inception 9 ?is belief4 ,logic itself re/s ^u assumptions to :i* no?+ 9 ! _w ( reality corresponds4 ,= example1 ! correspond5ce ( c]ta9 ?+s to "o ano!r & ! id5tity ( ^? ?+s at diff]5t p]iods ( "t are assumptions pure & simple1 b ! sci5ce ( logic orig9at$ 9 ! positive belief t !y 7 n assumptions at all b e/abli%$ facts4 ,x is ! same ) ! sci5ce ( ma!matics :i* c]ta9ly w\ld nev] h come into exi/5ce if mank9d _h kn[n f ! beg9n+ t 9 all nature !re is no p]fectly /raight l9e1 no true circle1 no /&>d ( measurem5t4 #h ,glaube an die gefund5e ,wahrheit1 z di/+ui%$ f fai? 9 :at is tak5 on tru/ z tru?4 #ab ,dream & ,civilization4--,! function ( ! bra9 :i* is mo/ encroa*$ ^u 9 slumb] is ! memory2 n t x is :olly susp5d$1 b x is r$uc$ to a /ate ( imp]fection z1 9 primitive ages ( mank9d1 0 probably ! case ) ev]yone1 :e!r wak+ or sleep+4 ,uncontroll$ & entangl$ z x is1 x p]petually confuses ?+s z a result ( ! mo/ trifl+ simil>ities1 yet 9 ! same m5tal confusion & lack ( control ! nations inv5t$ _! my?ologies1 :ile n[adays travel]s habitually obs]ve h[ prone ! savage is to =getfulness1 h[ 8 m9d1 aft] ! lea/ ex]tion ( memory1 beg9s to w&] & lose itself until f9ally he utt]s falsehood & nons5se f %e] exhau/ion4 ,yet1 9 dreams1 we all resemble ?is savage4 ,inadequacy ( di/9ction & error ( comp>ison are ! basis ( ! prepo/]\s ?+s we d & say 9 dreams1 s t :5 we cle>ly recall a dream we are />tl$ t s mu* idiocy lurks )9 u4 ,! absolute di/9ctness ( all dream-images1 due to implicit fai? 9 _! sub/antial reality1 recalls ! conditions 9 :i* e>li] mank9d 7 plac$1 = :om halluc9ations _h extraord9>y vividness1 entire communities & ev5 entire nations labor+ simultane\sly "u !m4 ,!re=e3 9 sleep & 9 dream we make ! pilgrimage ( e>ly mank9d ov] aga94 #ac ,logic ( ! ,dream4--,dur+ sleep ! n]v\s sy/em1 ?r\gh v>i\s inn] provocatives1 is 9 con/ant agitation4 ,almo/ all ! organs act indep5d5tly & vigor\sly4 ,! blood circulates rapidly4 ,! po/ure ( ! sleep] compresses "s portions ( ! body4 ,! cov]lets influ5ce ! s5sations 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! /oma* c>ries on ! dige/ive process & acts ^u o!r organs !reby4 ,! inte/9es are 9 motion4 ,! position ( ! head induces unaccu/om$ action4 ,! feet1 %oeless1 no long] press+ ! gr\nd1 are ! occasion ( o!r s5sations ( novelty1 z is1 inde$1 ! *ang$ g>b ( ! entire body4 ,all ^! ?+s1 foll[+ ! bu/le & *ange ( ! day1 result1 ?r\gh _! novelty1 9 a movem5t ?r\gh\t ! entire sy/em t ext5ds ev5 to ! bra9 functions4 ,?us !re are a hundr$ circum/ances to induce p]plexity 9 ! m9d1 a que/ion+ z to ! cause ( ?is excitation4 ,n[1 ! dream is a seek+ & pres5t+ ( reasons = ^! excitations ( feel+1 ( ! suppos$ reasons1 t is to say4 ,?us1 = example1 :oev] has 8 feet b\nd ) two ?reads w probably dream t a pair ( s]p5ts are coil$ ab\t 8 feet4 ,?is is at fir/ a hypo!sis1 !n a belief ) an accompany+ imag9ative picture & ! argum5t3 ^! snakes mu/ be ! causa ( ^? s5sations :i* ,i1 ! sleep]1 n[ h4 ,s reasons ! m9d ( ! sleep]4 ,! conditions prec$5t1 z ?us conjectur$1 become1 ow+ to ! excitation ( ! fancy1 pres5t realities4 ,ev]yone kn[s f exp]i5ce h[ a dream] w trans=m "o pi]c+ s\nd1 = example1 t ( a bell1 into ano!r ( q a diff]5t nature1 say1 ! report ( cannon4 ,9 8 dream he becomes aw>e fir/ ( ! effects1 :i* he expla9s by a subsequ5t hypo!sis & becomes p]suad$ ( ! purely conjectural nature ( ! s\nd4 ,b h[ comes x t ! m9d ( ! dream] goes s f> a/ray :5 ! same m9d1 awake1 is habitually cauti\s1 c>eful1 & s cons]vative 9 its deal+s ) hypo!ses8 :y does ! fir/ plausible hypo!sis ( ! cause ( a s5sation ga9 cr$it 9 ! dream+ /ate8 7,= 9 a dream we look ^u t dream z reality1 t is1 we accept our hypo!ses z fully e/abli%$74 ,i h no d\bt t z m5 argue 9 _! dreams to-day1 mank9d argu$1 ev5 9 _! wak+ mom5ts1 = ?\s&s ( ye>s3 ! fir/ causa1 t occurr$ to ! m9d ) ref]5ce to any?+ t /ood 9 ne$ ( explanation1 0 accept$ z ! true explanation & s]v$ z su*4 7,savages %[ ! same t5d5cy 9 op]ation1 z ! reports ( travel]s agree74 ,9 ! dream ?is atavi/ic relic ( humanity manife/s its exi/5ce )9 u1 = x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! high] rational faculty develop$ itself & /ill develops itself 9 e individual4 ,dreams c>ry u back to ! e>li] /ages ( human culture & af=d u a means ( und]/&+ x m cle>ly4 ,dream ?\ght comes s easily to u n[ because we are s ?or\ghly tra9$ to x ?r\gh ! int]m9able /ages ( evolution dur+ :i* ?is fanciful & facile =m ( !oris+ has prevail$4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ! dream is a re/orative = ! bra91 :i*1 dur+ ! day1 is call$ ^u to meet ! _m dem&s = tra9$ ?\ght made ^u x by ! conditions ( a high] civilization4--,we may1 if we please1 become s5sible1 ev5 9 our wak+ mom5ts1 ( a condition t is z a door & ve/ibule to dream+4 ,if we close our eyes ! bra9 imm$iately conjures up a m$ley ( impressions ( light & color1 app>5tly a sort ( imitation & e*o ( ! impressions =c$ 9 ^u ! bra9 dur+ its wak+ mom5ts4 ,& n[ ! m9d1 9 co-op]ation ) ! imag9ation1 trans=ms ?is =mless play ( light & color into def9ite figures1 mov+ gr\ps1 l&scapes4 ,:at really takes place is a sort ( reason+ f effect back to cause4 ,z ! bra9 inquires3 :5ce ^! impressions ( light & color8 x posits z ! induc+ causes ( su* lights & colors1 ^? %apes & figures4 ,!y s]ve ! bra9 z ! occasions ( ^? lights & colors because ! bra91 :5 ! eyes are op5 & ! s5ses awake1 is accu/om$ to p]ceiv+ ! cause ( e impression ( light & color made ^u x4 ,"h aga9 ! imag9ation is cont9ually int]pos+ its images inasmu* z x p>ticipates 9 ! production ( ! impressions made ?r\gh ! s5ses day by day3 & ! dream-fancy does exactly ! same ?+--t is1 ! presum$ cause is det]m9$ f ! effect & aft] ! effect3 all ?is1 too1 ) extraord9>y rapidity1 s t 9 ?is matt]1 z 9 a matt] ( juggl]y or sleight-(-h&1 a confusion ( ! m9d is produc$ & an aft] effect is made to appe> a simultane\s action1 an inv]t$ succession ( ev5ts1 ev54--,f ^! consid]ations we c see h[ late /rict1 logical ?\ght1 ! true notion ( cause & effect mu/ h be5 9 develop+1 s9ce our intellectual & rational faculties to ?is v day rev]t to ^! primitive processes ( d$uction1 :ile practically half our lifetime is sp5t 9 ! sup]-induc+ conditions4--,ev5 ! poet1 ! arti/1 ascribes to 8 s5tim5tal & emotional /ates causes :i* are n ! true ones4 ,to t ext5t he is a rem9d] ( e>ly mank9d & c aid u 9 its compreh5sion4 #ad ,association4#i--;,all /rong feel+s are associat$ ) a v>iety ( alli$ s5tim5ts & emotions4 ,!y /ir up ! memory at ! same "t4 ,:5 we are "u _! influ5ce we are rem9d$ ( simil> /ates & we feel a r5ewal ( !m )9 u4 ,?us are =m$ habitual successions ( feel+s & notions1 :i*1 at la/1 :5 !y foll[ "o ano!r ) lightn+ rapidity are no long] felt z complexities b z unities4 ,9 ?is s5se we he> ( moral feel+s1 ( religi\s feel+s1 z if !y 7 absolute unities4 ,9 reality !y are /reams ) a hundr$ s\rces & tribut>ies4 ,"h aga91 ! unity ( ! ^w speaks no?+ = ! unity ( ! ?+4 #i ,mit]kl+53 to s\nd simultane\sly )4 #ae ,no ,)9 & ,)\t 9 ! ,_w4#aj--;,z ,democritus transf]r$ ! notions above & bel[ to limitless space1 :]e !y are de/itute ( mean+1 s ! philosoph]s d g5]ally ) ! idea )9 & )\t1 z reg>ds ! =m & sub/ance 7,wes5 und ,ers*e9ung7 ( ! _w4 ,:at !y claim is t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( pr(\nd feel+s "o c p5etrate deep into ! s\l ( ?+s 7,innre71 draw close to ! he>t ( nature4 ,b ^! feel+s are deep only 9 s f> z ) !m are simultane\sly ar\s$1 al?\gh almo/ imp]ceptibly1 c]ta9 complicat$ gr\ps ( ?\ghts 7,g$ank5grupp57 :i* we call deep3 a feel+ is deep because we deem ! ?\ghts accompany+ x deep4 ,b deep ?\ght c nev]!less be v widely sund]$ f tru?1 z = in/ance e metaphysical ?\ght4 ,take f deep feel+ ! elem5t ( ?\ght bl5d$ ) x & all t rema9s is /r5g? ( feel+ :i* is no v\*] = ! validity ( k1 z int5se fai? is evid5ce only ( its own int5sity & n ( ! tru? ( t 9 :i* ! fai? is felt4 #aj ,ke9 ,inn5 und ,auss5 9 d] ,welt3 ! above translation may seem too lit]al b "s dispute has aris5 conc]n+ ! precise idea ! au?or means to convey4 #af ,ph5om5on & ,?+-9-,itself4--,! philosoph]s are 9 ! habit ( plac+ !mselves 9 front ( life & exp]i5ce--t :i* !y call ! _w ( ph5om5a--z if !y 7 /&+ be=e a picture t is unroll$ be=e !m 9 its f9al complet5ess4 ,?is panorama1 !y ?9k1 mu/ be /udi$ 9 e detail 9 ord] to rea* "s conclusion reg>d+ ! object repres5t$ by ! picture4 ,f effect1 accord+ly is d$uc$ cause & f cause is d$uc$ ! uncondition$4 ,?is process is g5]ally look$ ^u z af=d+ ! all suffici5t explanation ( ! _w ( ph5om5a4 ,on ! o!r h& "o mu/1 7:ile putt+ ! conception ( ! metaphysical di/9ctly =w>d z t ( ! uncondition$1 & consequ5tly ( ! uncondition+7 absolutely d5y any connection betwe5 ! uncondition$ 7( ! metaphysical _w7 & ! _w kn[n to u3 s t ?r\gh\t ph5om5a !re is no manife/ation ( ! ?+-9-itself1 & gett+ f "o to ! o!r is out ( ! "q4 ,?us is left q ignor$ ! circum/ance t ! picture--t :i* we n[ call life & exp]i5ce--is a gradual evolution1 is1 inde$1 /ill 9 process ( evolution & = t reason %\ld n be reg>d$ z an endur+ :ole f :i* any conclusion z to its au?or 7! all-suffici5t reason7 c\ld be arriv$ at1 or ev5 pron\nc$ out ( ! "q4 ,x is because we h = ?\s&s ( ye>s look$ into ! _w ) moral1 ae/hetic1 religi\s pr$ispositions1 ) bl9d prejudice1 passion or fe>1 & surfeit$ ourselves ) indulg5ce 9 ! follies ( illogical ?\ght1 t ! _w has gradually become s wondr\sly motley1 frightful1 significant1 s\lful3 x has tak5 on t9ts1 b we h be5 ! colori/s3 ! human intellect1 ^u ! f\ndation ( human ne$s1 ( human passions1 has re>$ all ^! ph5om5a & inject$ its own errone\s fundam5tal conceptions into ?+s4 ,late1 v late1 ! human intellect *ecks itself3 & n[ ! _w ( exp]i5ce & ! ?+-9-itself seem to x s sev]$ & s anti!tical t x d5ies ! possibility ( "o's h++ ^u ! o!r--or else summons u to surr5d] our intellect1 our p]sonal w1 to ! secret & ! awe-inspir+ 9 ord] t !reby we may atta9 c]ta9ty ( c]ta9ty h]eaft]4 ,aga91 !re are ^? :o h comb9$ all ! *>act]i/ic features ( our _w ( ph5om5a--t is1 ! conception ( ! _w :i* has be5 =m$ & inh]it$ ?r\gh a s]ies ( intellectual vag>ies--& in/ead ( hold+ ! intellect responsible = x all1 h pron\nc$ ! v nature ( ?+s acc\ntable = ! pres5t v s9i/] aspect ( ! _w1 & prea*$ annihilation ( exi/5ce4 ,?r\gh all ^! views & op9ions ! toilsome1 /eady process ( sci5ce 7:i* n[ = ! fir/ "t beg9s to celebrate its greate/ triumph 9 ! g5esis ( ?\ght7 w def9itely "w itself out1 ! result1 be+1 p]haps1 to ! foll[+ effect3 ,t :i* we n[ call ! _w is ! result ( a cr[d ( errors & fancies :i* gradually develop$ 9 ! g5]al evolution ( organic nature1 h gr[n toge!r & be5 transmitt$ to u z ! accumulat$ treasure ( all ! pa/--z ! treasure1 = :atev] is wor? any?+ 9 our humanity re/s ^u x4 ,f ?is _w ( conception x is 9 ! p[] ( sci5ce to release u only to a slight ext5t--& ?is is all t c\ld be wi%$--inasmu* z x _c eradicate ! influ5ce ( h]$it>y habits ( feel+1 b x c light up by degrees ! /ages ( ! developm5t ( t _w ( conception1 & lift u1 at lea/ = a "t1 above ! :ole spectacle4 ,p]haps we may !n p]ceive t ! ?+-9-itself is a meet subject = ,hom]ic laught]3 t x seem$ s mu*1 ev]y?+1 inde$1 & is really a void--void1 t is to say1 ( mean+4 #ag ,metaphysical ,explanation4--,man1 :5 he is "y1 prizes metaphysical explanations1 because !y make him see matt]s ( ! highe/ import 9 ?+s he f\nd disagreeable or contemptible3 & if he is n satisfi$ ) himself1 ?is feel+ ( dissatisfaction is soo!d :5 he sees ! mo/ hidd5 _w-problem or _w-pa9 9 t :i* he f9ds s displeas+ 9 himself4 ,to feel himself m unresponsible & at ! same "t to f9d ?+s 7,d+e7 m int]e/+--t is to him ! d\ble b5efit he owes to metaphysics4 ,lat]1 inde$1 he acquires di/ru/ ( ! :ole metaphysical me?od ( expla9+ ?+s3 he !n p]ceives1 p]haps1 t ^? effects c\ld h be5 atta9$ j z well & m sci5tifically by ano!r me?od3 t physical & hi/orical explanations w\ld1 at lea/1 h giv5 t feel+ ( fre$om f p]sonal responsibility j z well1 :ile int]e/ 9 life & its problems w\ld be /imulat$1 p]haps1 ev5 m4 #ah ,! ,fundam5tal ,problems ( ,metaphysics4--,if a hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( ?\ght is ev] writt51 ! foll[+ proposition1 advanc$ by a di/+ui%$ logician1 w be illum9at$ ) a new light3 ,! univ]sal1 primordial law ( ! appreh5d+ subject consi/s 9 ! inn] necessity ( cogniz+ e object by itself1 z 9 its ess5ce a ?+ unto itself1 !re=e z self-exi/+ & un*ang+1 9 %ort1 z a sub/ance4 ,ev5 ?is law1 :i* is "h call$ primordial1 is an evolution3 x has yet to be %[n h[ gradually ?is evolution takes place 9 l[] organizations3 h[ ! dim1 mole eyes ( su* organizations see1 at fir/1 no?+ b a blank sam5ess3 h[ lat]1 :5 ! v>i\s excitations ( desire & av]sion manife/ !mselves1 v>i\s sub/ances are gradually di/+ui%$1 b ea* ) an attribute1 t is1 a special relation%ip to su* an organization4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! logical is judgm5t1 ! ess5ce ( :i*1 accord+ to ! be/ logicians1 is belief4 ,at ! f\ndation ( all beliefs lie s5sations ( pleasure or pa9 9 relation to ! appreh5d+ subject4 ,a ?ird feel+1 z ! result ( two prior1 s+le1 sep>ate feel+s1 is judgm5t 9 its crude/ =m4 ,we organic be+s are primordially int]e/$ by no?+ :atev] 9 any ?+ 7,d+7 except its relation to ourselves ) ref]5ce to pleasure & pa94 ,betwe5 ! mom5ts 9 :i* we are consci\s ( ?is relation1 7! /ates ( feel+7 lie ! mom5ts ( re/1 ( n-feel+3 !n ! _w & e ?+ 7,d+7 h no int]e/ = u3 we obs]ve no *ange 9 !m 7z at pres5t a p]son absorb$ 9 some?+ does n notice anyone pass+ by74 ,to plants all ?+s are1 z a rule1 at re/1 et]nal1 e object l itself4 ,f ! p]iod ( l[] organisms has be5 h&$ d[n to man ! belief t !re are l ?+s 7glei*e ,d+e73 only ! tra9$ exp]i5ce atta9$ ?r\gh ! mo/ advanc$ sci5ce contradicts ?is po/ulate4 ,! primordial belief ( all organisms is1 p]haps1 t all ! re/ ( ! _w is "o ?+ & motionless4--,fur!/ away f ?is fir/ /ep t[>ds ! logical is ! notion ( causation3 ev5 to-day we ?9k t all our feel+s & do+s are1 at bottom1 acts ( ! free w2 :5 ! s5ti5t individual contemplates himself he deems e feel+1 e *ange1 a some?+ isolat$1 disconnect$1 t is to say1 unqualifi$ by any ?+2 x comes sudd5ly to ! surface1 indep5d5t ( any?+ t w5t be=e or came aft]4 ,we are hungry1 b orig9ally we d n "k t ! organism mu/ be n\ri%$3 on ! contr>y t feel+ seems to manife/ itself )\t reason or purpose2 x /&s out by itself & seems q indep5d5t4 ,!re=e3 ! belief 9 ! fre$om ( ! w is a primordial error ( ev]y?+ organic z old z ! v e>lie/ inw>d prompt+ ( ! logical faculty2 belief 9 uncondition$ sub/ances & 9 l ?+s 7glei*e ,d+e7 is also a primordial & equally anci5t error ( ev]y?+ organic4 ,inasmu* z all metaphysic has conc]n$ itself p>ticul>ly ) sub/ance & ) fre$om ( ! w1 x %\ld be designat$ z ! sci5ce t deals ) ! fundam5tal errors ( mank9d z if !y 7 fundam5tal tru?s4 #ai ,numb]4--,! inv5tion ( ! laws ( numb] has z its basis ! primordial & prior-prevail+ delusion t _m l ?+s exi/ 7al?\gh 9 po9t ( fact !re is no su* ?+ is a duplicate71 or t1 at lea/1 !re are ?+s 7b !re is no ?+74 ,! assumption ( plurality always presupposes t some?+ exi/s :i* manife/s itself repeat$ly1 b j "h is :]e ! delusion prevails2 9 ?is v matt] we feign realities1 unities1 t h no exi/5ce4 ,our feel+s1 notions1 ( space & "t are false = !y lead1 :5 duly te/$1 to logical contradictions4 ,9 all sci5tific demon/rations we always unavoidably base our calculation ^u "s false /&>ds ( duration or measurem5t b z ^! /&>ds are at lea/ con/ant1 z1 = example1 our notions ( "t & space1 ! results arriv$ at by sci5ce possess absolute accuracy & c]ta9ty 9 _! relation%ip to "o ano!r3 "o c keep on build+ ^u !m--until is rea*$ t f9al limit at :i* ! errone\s fundam5tal conceptions1 7! inv>iable breakd[n7 come into conflict ) ! results e/abli%$--z1 = example1 9 ! case ( ! atomic !ory4 ,"h we always f9d ourselves oblig$ to give cr$5ce to a ?+ or mat]ial sub/ratum t is set 9 motion1 al?\gh1 at ! same "t1 ! :ole sci5tific programme has _h z its aim ! resolv+ ( ev]y?+ mat]ial into motions !mselves3 "h aga9 we di/+ui% ) our feel+ t :i* does ! mov+ & t :i* is mov$1#aa & we nev] get out ( ?is circle1 because ! belief 9 ?+s#ab has be5 f "t immemorial root$ 9 our nature4--,:5 ,kant says ! intellect does n d]ive its laws f nature1 b dictates !m to h] he /ates ! full tru? z reg>ds ! idea ( nature :i* we =m 7nature _w1 z notion1 t is1 z error7 b :i* is m]ely ! syn!sis ( a ho/ ( errors ( ! intellect4 ,to a _w n ! outcome ( our conception1 ! laws ( numb] are :olly inapplicable3 su* laws are valid only 9 ! _w ( mank9d4 #aa ,wir s*eid5 au* hi] no* mit uns]] ,empf9dung ,beweg5des und ,bewegtes4 #ab ,glaube an ,d+e4 #bj ,"s ,backw>d ,/eps4--,"o v =w>d /ep 9 education is tak5 :5 man em]ges f 8 sup]/iti\s & religi\s ideas & fe>s &1 = in/ance1 no long] believes 9 ! de> little angels or 9 orig9al s91 & has /opp$ talk+ ab\t ! salvation ( ! s\l3 :5 he has tak5 ?is /ep to fre$om he has1 nev]!less1 ?r\gh ! utmo/ ex]tion ( 8 m5tal p[]1 to ov]come metaphysics4 ,!n a backw>d movem5t is necess>y3 he mu/ appreciate ! hi/orical ju/ification1 & to an equal ext5t ! psy*ological consid]ations1 9 su* a movem5t4 ,he mu/ und]/& t ! greate/ advances made by mank9d h result$ f su* a c\rse & t )\t ?is v backw>d movem5t ! highe/ a*ievem5ts ( man hi!rto w\ld h be5 impossible4--,) reg>d to philosophical metaphysics ,i see ev] m & m :o h arriv$ at ! negative goal 7t all positive metaphysic is a delusion7 b z yet v few :o g a few /eps backw>d3 "o %\ld look out ov] ! la/ rungs ( ! ladd]1 b n try to /& on !m1 t is to say4 ,! mo/ advanc$ z yet g only f> en\gh to free !mselves f metaphysic & look back at x ) an air ( sup]iority3 :]eas "h1 no less ?an 9 ! hippodrome1 x is necess>y to turn ar\nd 9 ord] to rea* ! end ( ! c\rse4 #ba ,presumable ,nature ( ! ,victory ( ,d\bt4--,let u assume = a mom5t ! validity ( ! skeptical /&po9t3 grant$ t !re is no metaphysical _w1 & t all ! metaphysical explanations ( ! only _w we "k are useless to u1 h[ w\ld we !n contemplate m5 & ?+s8 ,m5s*5 und ,d+e4 ,?is c be ?\ght out & x is wor? :ile do+ s1 ev5 if ! "q :e!r any?+ metaphysical has ev] be5 demon/rat$ by or ?r\gh ,kant & ,s*op5hau]1 be put altoge!r aside4 ,= x is1 to all appe>ances1 highly probable t m51 on ?is po9t1 w be1 9 ! mass1 skeptical4 ,! "q ?us becomes3 :at sort ( a notion w human society1 "u ! influ5ce ( su* a /ate ( m9d1 =m ( itself8 ,p]haps ! sci5tific demon/ration ( any metaphysical _w is n[ s difficult t mank9d w nev] be free f a di/ru/ ( x4 ,& :5 !re is =m$ a feel+ ( di/ru/ ( metaphysics1 ! results are1 9 ! mass1 ! same z if metaphysics 7 refut$ altoge!r & c\ld no long] be believ$4 ,9 bo? cases ! hi/orical "q1 ) reg>d to an unmetaphysical disposition 9 mank9d1 rema9s ! same4 #bb ,disbelief 9 ! monum5tum a]e p]5nius4#ac--;,a decid$ disadvantage1 att5d+ ! t]m9ation ( metaphysical modes ( ?\ght1 is t ! individual fixes 8 m9d too att5tively ^u 8 own brief lifetime & feels no /rong inducem5t to aid 9 ! f\ndation ( in/itutions capable ( endur+ = c5turies3 he wi%es himself to ga!r ! fruit f ! tree t he plants & consequ5tly he no long] plants ^? trees :i* require c5turies ( con/ant cultivation & are de/9$ to af=d %ade to g5]ation aft] g5]ation 9 ! future4 ,= metaphysical views inspire ! belief t 9 !m is af=d$ ! f9al sure f\ndation ^u :i* h5ce=? ! :ole future ( mank9d may re/ & be built up3 ! individual promotes 8 own salvation2 :51 = example1 he builds a *ur* or a mona/]y he is ( op9ion t he is do+ some?+ = ! salvation ( 8 immortal s\l3--,c sci5ce1 z well1 inspire su* fai? 9 ! efficacy ( h] results8 ,9 actual fact1 sci5ce requires d\bt & di/ru/ z h] sure/ auxili>ies2 nev]!less1 ! sum ( ! irresi/ible 7t is all ! onslaughts ( skepticism1 all ! dis9tegrat+ effects ( surviv+ tru?s7 c easily become s great 7z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( hygi5ic sci5ce7 z to inspire ! det]m9ation to build et]nal works ^u x4 ,at pres5t ! contra/ betwe5 our excitat$ ephem]al exi/5ce & ! tranquil repose ( metaphysical epo*s is too great because bo? are z yet 9 too close juxtaposition4 ,! individual man himself n[ goes ?r\gh too _m /ages ( inn] & out] evolution = him to v5ture to make a plan ev5 = 8 life "t alone4 ,a p]fectly mod]n man1 inde$1 :o wants to build himself a h\se feels z if he 7 wall+ himself up alive 9 a mausoleum4 #ac ,monum5t m endur+ ?an brass3 ,horace1 ,odes ,,iii3,,xxx4 #bc ,age ( ,comp>ison4--,! less m5 are b\nd by tradition1 ! great] is ! inn] activity ( motives1 ! great]1 correspond+ly1 ! out] re/lessness1 ! promiscu\s fl[ ( humanity1 ! polyphony ( /riv+s4 ,:o n[ feels any great impulse to e/abli% himself & 8 po/]ity 9 a p>ticul> place8 ,= :om1 moreov]1 does !re exi/1 at pres5t1 any /rong tie8 ,z all ! me?ods ( ! arts 7 copi$ f "o ano!r1 s 7 all ! me?ods & advancem5ts ( moral codes1 ( mann]s1 ( civilizations4--,su* an age d]ives its significance f ! fact t 9 x ! v>i\s ideas1 codes1 mann]s & civilizations c be comp>$ & exp]i5c$ side by side2 :i* 0 impossible at an e>li] p]iod 9 view ( ! localis$ nature ( ! rule ( e civilization1 correspond+ to ! limitation ( all arti/ic effects by "t & place4 ,to-day ! gr[? ( ! ae/hetic feel+ is decid$1 ow+ to ! great numb] ( arti/ic =ms :i* (f] !mselves = comp>ison4 ,! majority--^? t are condemn$ by ! me?od ( comp>ison--w be all[$ to die out4 ,9 ! same way !re is to-day tak+ place a selection ( ! =ms & cu/oms ( ! high] morality :i* c result only 9 ! ext9ction ( ! vulg> moralities4 ,?is is ! age ( comp>ison6 ,t is its glory--b also its pa94 ,let u n1 h[ev] %r9k f ?is pa94 ,r w\ld we compreh5d ! nature ( ! task impos$ ^u u by our age z adequately z we c3 po/]ity w bless u = do+ s--a po/]ity t kn[s itself to be develop$ ?r\gh & above ! n>r[1 e>ly race-civilizations z well z ! culture-civilization ( comp>ison1 b yet looks gratefully back ^u bo? z v5]able monum5ts ( antiquity4 #bd ,possibility ( ,progress4--,:5 a ma/] ( ! old civilization 7d5 alt5 ,cultur7 v[s to hold no m discussion ) m5 :o believe 9 progress1 he is q "r4 ,= ! old civilization#ad has its greatness & its advantages beh9d x1 & hi/oric tra9+ =ces "o to ackn[l$ge t x c nev] aga9 acquire vigor3 only intol]able /upidity or equally intol]able fanaticism c\ld fail to p]ceive ?is fact4 ,b m5 may consci\sly det]m9e to evolve to a new civilization :]e =m]ly !y evolv$ unconsci\sly & accid5tally4 ,!y c n[ devise bett] conditions = ! advancem5t ( mank9d1 = _! n\ri%m5t1 tra9+ & education1 !y c adm9i/] ! e>? z an economic p[]1 &1 p>ticul>ly1 comp>e ! capacities ( m5 & select !m accord+ly4 ,?is new1 consci\s civilization is kill+ ! o!r :i*1 on ! :ole1 has l$ b an unreflective animal & plant life3 x is also de/roy+ ! d\bt ( progress itself--progress is possible4 ,i mean3 x is ha/y & almo/ unreflective to assume t progress mu/ necess>ily take place3 b h[ c x be d\bt$ t progress is possible8 ,on ! o!r h&1 progress 9 ! s5se & along ! l9es ( ! old civilization is n ev5 conceivable4 ,if romantic fantasy employs ! ^w progress 9 connection ) c]ta9 aims & ends id5tical ) ^? ( ! circumscrib$ primitive national civilizations1 ! picture pres5t$ ( progress is always borr[$ f ! pa/4 ,! idea & ! image ( progress ?us =m$ are q )\t orig9ality4 #ad ,cultur1 culture1 civilisation etc41 b !re is no exact ,engli% equival5t4 #be ,private ,e?ics & ,_w ,e?ics4--,s9ce ! ext9ction ( ! belief t a god guides ! g5]al de/9y ( ! _w &1 not)/&+ all ! contortions & w9d+s ( ! pa? ( mank9d1 leads x glori\sly =w>d1 m5 mu/ %ape oecum5ical1 _w-embrac+ ends = !mselves4 ,! old] e?ics1 namely ,kant's1 requir$ ( ! individual su* a c\rse ( conduct z he wi%es all m5 to foll[4 ,?is ev9ces mu* simplicity--z if any individual c\ld det]m9e (f h& :at c\rse ( conduct w\ld conduce to ! welf>e ( humanity1 & :at c\rse ( conduct is preem95tly desirable6 ,?is is a !ory l t ( fre$om ( competition1 :i* takes x = grant$ t ! g5]al h>mony ( ?+s mu/ prevail ( itself 9 accordance ) "s inh]5t law ( bett]m5t or amelioration4 ,x may be t a lat] contemplation ( ! ne$s ( mank9d w reveal t x is by no means desirable t all m5 %\ld regulate _! conduct accord+ to ! same pr9ciple2 x may be be/1 f ! /&po9t ( c]ta9 ends yet to be atta9$1 t m51 dur+ long p]iods %\ld regulate _! conduct ) ref]5ce to special1 & ev51 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 evil1 objects4 ,at any rate1 if mank9d is n to be l$ a/ray by su* a univ]sal rule ( conduct1 x behooves x to atta9 a k ( ! condition ( culture t w s]ve z a sci5tific /&>d ( comp>ison 9 connection ) cosmical ends4 ,h]e9 is compris$ ! trem5d\s mission ( ! great spirits ( ! next c5tury4 #bf ,reaction z ,progress4--,occasionally h>%1 p[]ful1 impetu\s1 yet nev]!less backw>d spirits1 appe>1 :o try to conjure back "s pa/ era 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d3 !y s]ve z evid5ce t ! new t5d5cies :i* !y oppose1 are n yet pot5t en\gh1 t !re is some?+ lack+ 9 !m3 o!rwise !y ! t5d5cies w\ld bett] )/& ! effects ( ?is conjur+ back process4 ,?us ,lu!r's re=mation %[s t 9 8 c5tury all ! impulses to fre$om ( ! _s 7 /ill unc]ta91 lack+ 9 vigor1 & immature4 ,sci5ce c\ld n yet re> h] head4 ,inde$ ! :ole ,r5aissance appe>s b z an e>ly spr+ smo!r$ 9 sn[4 ,b ev5 9 ! pres5t c5tury ,s*op5hau]'s metaphysic %[s t ! sci5tific _s is n yet p[]ful en\gh3 = ! :ole m$iaeval ,*ri/ian _w-/&po9t 7,weltbetra*tung7 & conception ( man 7,m5s*-,empf9dung7#ae once aga91 not)/&+ ! sl[ly wr\ght de/ruction ( all ,*ri/ian dogma1 celebrat$ a resurrection 9 ,s*op5hau]'s doctr9e4 ,!re is mu* sci5ce 9 8 tea*+ al?\gh ! sci5ce does n dom9ate1 b1 in/ead ( x1 ! old1 trite metaphysical necessity4 ,x is "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ priceless advantages ( ,s*op5hau]'s tea*+ t by x our feel+s are tempor>ily =c$ back to ^? old human & cosmical /&po9ts to :i* no o!r pa? c\ld conduct u s easily4 ,! ga9 = hi/ory & ju/ice is v great4 ,i believe t )\t ,s*op5hau]'s aid x w\ld be no easy matt] = anyone n[ to d ju/ice to ,*ri/ianity & its ,asiatic relatives--a ?+ impossible z reg>ds ! *ri/ianity t /ill survives4 ,aft] accord+ ?is great triumph to ju/ice1 aft] we h correct$ 9 s ess5tial a respect ! hi/orical po9t ( view :i* ! age ( le>n+ br\ght ) x1 we may beg9 to be> /ill f>!r onw>d ! bann] ( enlight5m5t--a bann] be>+ ! ?ree names3 ,petr>*1 ,erasmus1 ,voltaire4 ,we h tak5 a =w>d /ep out ( reaction4 #ae ,lit]ally man-feel+ or human outlook4 #bg ,a ,sub/itute = ,religion4--,x is suppos$ to be a recomm5dation = philosophy to say ( x t x provides ! p ) a sub/itute = religion4 ,& 9 fact1 ! tra9+ ( ! intellect does necessitate ! conv5i5t lay+ out ( ! track ( ?\ght1 s9ce ! transition f religion by way ( sci5ce entails a p[]ful1 p]il\s leap1--some?+ t %\ld be advis$ aga9/4 ,) ?is qualification1 ! recomm5dation ref]r$ to is a j "o4 ,at ! same "t1 x %\ld be fur!r expla9$ t ! ne$s :i* religion satisfies & :i* sci5ce mu/ n[ satisfy1 are n immutable4 ,ev5 !y c be dim9i%$ & uproot$4 ,?9k1 = in/ance1 ( ! *ri/ian s\l-ne$1 ! sighs ov] "o's inn] corruption1 ! anxiety reg>d+ salvation--all notions t arise simply out ( errors ( ! reason & require no satisfaction at all1 b annihilation4 ,a philosophy c ei!r s affect ^! ne$s z to appease !m or else put !m aside altoge!r1 = !y are acquir$1 circumscrib$ ne$s1 bas$ ^u hypo!ses :i* ^? ( sci5ce explode4 ,"h1 = ! purpose ( af=d+ ! means ( transition1 = ! sake ( light5+ ! _s ov]burd5$ ) feel+1 art c be employ$ to f> bett] purpose1 z ^! hypo!ses receive f> less support f art ?an f a metaphysical philosophy4 ,!n f art x is easi] to g ov] to a really emancipat+ philosophical sci5ce4 #bh ,discr$it$ ,words4--,away ) ! disgu/+ly ov]-us$ words optimism & pessimism6 ,= ! occasion = us+ !m gr[s daily less2 only drivel]s n[ f9d !m indisp5sably necess>y4 ,:at e>?ly reason c\ld anyone h = be+ an optimi/ unless he _h a god to def5d :o mu/ h creat$ ! be/ ( all possible worlds1 s9ce he is himself all goodness & p]fection8--b :at ?9k+ man has n[ any ne$ = ! hypo!sis t !re is a god8--,!re is also no occasion :atev] = a pessimi/ic confession ( fai?1 unless "o has a p]sonal int]e/ 9 d5\nc+ ! advocate ( god1 ! !ologian or ! !ological philosoph]1 & ma9ta9+ ! c\nt] proposition t evil reigns1 t wret*$ness is m pot5t ?an joy1 t ! _w is a piece ( bot* "w1 t ph5om5on 7,ers*e9ung7 is b ! manife/ation ( "s evil _s4 ,b :o bo!rs 8 head ab\t ! !ologians any m--except ! !ologians !mselves8 ,ap>t f all !ology & its antagonism1 x is manife/ t ! _w is nei!r good nor bad1 7to say no?+ ab\t its be+ ! be/ or ! wor/7 & t ^! ideas ( good & bad h significance only 9 relation to m51 inde$1 are )\t significance at all1 9 view ( ! s5se 9 :i* !y are usually employ$4 ,! contemptu\s & ! eulogi/ic po9t ( view mu/1 9 e case1 be repudiat$4 #bi ,intoxicat$ by ! ,p]fume ( ,fl[]s4--,! %ip ( humanity1 x is ?\ght1 acquires an ev] deep] draught ! m x is lad54 ,x is believ$ t ! m pr(\ndly man ?9ks1 ! m exquisitely he feels1 ! high] ! /&>d he sets = himself1 ! great] 8 di/ance f ! o!r animals--! m he appe>s z a g5ius 7,g5ie7 among animals--! ne>] he gets to ! true nature ( ! _w & to compreh5sion !re(3 ?is1 inde$1 he really does ?r\gh sci5ce1 b he ?9ks he does x f> m adequately ?r\gh 8 religions & arts4 ,^! are1 c]ta9ly1 a blossom+ ( ! _w1 b n1 !re=e1 ne>] ! roots ( ! _w ?an is ! /alk4 ,"o _c le>n be/ f x ! nature ( ! _w1 al?\gh ne>ly ev]yone ?9ks s4 ,error has made m5 s deep1 s5sitive & imag9ative 9 ord] to br+ =? su* fl[]s z religions & arts4 ,pure appreh5sion w\ld be unable to d t4 ,:oev] %\ld disclose to u ! ess5ce ( ! _w w\ld be undeceiv+ u mo/ cruelly4 ,n ! _w z ?+-9-itself b ! _w z idea#af 7z error7 is ri* 9 port5t1 deep1 wond]ful1 c>ry+ happ9ess & unhapp9ess 9 its womb4 ,?is result leads to a philosophy ( _w negation3 :i*1 at any rate1 c be z well comb9$ ) a practical _w affirmation z ) its opposite4 #af ,vor/ellung3 ?is ^w sometimes corresponds to ! ,engli% ^w idea1 at o!rs to conception or notion4 #cj ,evil ,habits 9 ,rea*+ ,conclusions4--,! mo/ usual errone\s conclusions ( m5 are ^!3 a ?+#ag exi/s1 !re=e x is "r3 ,"h f capacity to live is d$uc$ fitness1 f fitness1 is d$uc$ ju/ification4 ,s also3 an op9ion gives happ9ess1 !re=e x is ! true "o1 its effect is good1 !re=e x is itself good & true4 ,"h is pr$icat$ ( ! effect t x gives happ9ess1 t x is good 9 ! s5se ( utility1 & !re is likewise pr$icat$ ( ! cause t x is good1 b good 9 ! s5se ( logical validity4 ,conv]sely1 ! proposition w\ld run3 a ?+#ag _c atta9 success1 _c ma9ta9 itself1 !re=e x is evil3 a belief tr\bles ! believ]1 occasions pa91 !re=e x is false4 ,! free _s1 :o is s5sible ( ! defect 9 ?is me?od ( rea*+ conclusions & has _h to suff] its consequ5ces1 (t5 succumbs to ! temptation to come to ! v opposite conclusions 7:i*1 9 g5]al1 are1 ( c\rse1 equally errone\s73 a ?+ _c ma9ta9 itself3 !re=e x is good2 a belief is tr\blesome1 !re=e x is true4 #ag ,sa*e1 ?+ b n 9 ! s5se ( ,d+4 ,sa*e is ( v indef9ite application 7res74 #ca ,! ,illogical is ,necess>y4--,among ! ?+s :i* c br+ a ?9k] to di/raction is ! k t ! illogical is necess>y to mank9d & t f ! illogical spr+s mu* t is good4 ,! illogical is s imb$d$ 9 ! passions1 9 language1 9 art1 9 religion &1 above all1 9 ev]y?+ t imp>ts value to life t x _c be tak5 away )\t irrep>ably injur+ ^? beautiful ?+s4 ,only m5 ( ! utmo/ simplicity c believe t ! nature man kn[s c be *ang$ into a purely logical nature4 ,yet 7 !re /eps af=d+ approa* to ?is goal1 h[ utt]ly ev]y?+ w\ld be lo/ on ! way6 ,ev5 ! mo/ rational man ne$s nature aga91 f "t to "t1 t is1 8 illogical fundam5tal relation 7,grund/ellung7 to all ?+s4 #cb ,be+ ,unju/ is ,ess5tial4--,all judgm5ts ( ! value ( life are illogically develop$ & !re=e unju/4 ,! vice ( ! judgm5t consi/s1 fir/1 9 ! way 9 :i* ! subject matt] comes "u obs]vation1 t is1 v incompletely2 secondly 9 ! way 9 :i* ! total is summ$ up2 &1 ?irdly1 9 ! fact t ea* s+le item 9 ! totality ( ! subject matt] is itself ! result ( defective p]ception1 & ?is f absolute necessity4 ,no practical k ( a man1 = example1 /ood he nev] s ne> to u1 c be complete--s t we c\ld h a logical "r to =m a total e/imate ( him2 all e/imates are summ>y & mu/ be s4 ,!n ! /&>d by :i* we measure1 7our be+7 is n an immutable quantity2 we h moods & v>iations1 & yet we %\ld "k ourselves z an inv>iable /&>d be=e we und]take to e/abli% ! nature ( ! relation ( any ?+ 7,sa*e7 to ourselves4 ,p]haps x w foll[ f all ?is t "o %\ld =m no judgm5ts :atev]2 if "o c\ld b m]ely live )\t hav+ to =m e/imates1 )\t av]sion & )\t p>tiality6--= ev]y?+ mo/ abhorr$ is closely connect$ ) an e/imate1 z well z e /ronge/ p>tiality4 ,an incl9ation t[>ds a ?+1 or f a ?+1 )\t an accompany+ feel+ t ! b5eficial is desir$ & ! p]nici\s contemn$1 an incl9ation )\t a sort ( exp]i5tial e/imation ( ! desirability ( an end1 does n exi/ 9 man4 ,we are primordially illogical & h5ce unju/ be+s & c recognise ?is fact3 ?is is "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ baffl+ discords ( exi/5ce4 #cc ,error ,respect+ ,liv+ = ! ,sake ( ,liv+ ,ess5tial4--,e belief 9 ! value & wor?9ess ( life re/s ^u defective ?9k+2 x is = ?is reason alone possible t sympa?y ) ! g5]al life & suff]+ ( mank9d is s imp]fectly develop$ 9 ! individual4 ,ev5 exceptional m51 :o c ?9k beyond _! own p]sonalities1 d n h ?is g5]al life 9 view1 b isolat$ portions ( x4 ,if "o is capable ( fix+ 8 obs]vation ^u exceptional cases1 ,i mean ^u highly end[$ individuals & pure s\l$ be+s1 if _! developm5t is tak5 z ! true end ( _w-evolution & if joy be felt 9 _! exi/5ce1 !n x is possible to believe 9 ! value ( life1 because 9 t case ! re/ ( humanity is ov]look$3 h5ce we h "h defective ?9k+4 ,s1 too1 x is ev5 if all mank9d be tak5 into consid]ation1 & "o species only ( impulses 7! less egoi/ic7 br\ght "u review & ^?1 9 consid]ation ( ! o!r impulses1 exalt$3 !n some?+ c\ld /ill be hop$ ( mank9d 9 ! mass & to t ext5t !re c\ld exi/ belief 9 ! value ( life3 "h1 aga91 z a result ( defective ?9k+4 ,:atev] attitude1 ?us1 "o may assume1 "o is1 z a result ( ?is attitude1 an exception among mank9d4 ,n[1 ! great majority ( mank9d endure life )\t any great prote/1 & believe1 to ?is ext5t1 9 ! value ( exi/5ce1 b t is because ea* individual decides & det]m9es alone1 & nev] comes out ( 8 own p]sonality l ^! exceptions3 ev]y?+ outside ( ! p]sonal has no exi/5ce = !m or at ! utmo/ is obs]v$ z b a fa9t %ad[4 ,consequ5tly ! value ( life = ! g5]ality ( mank9d consi/s simply 9 ! fact t ! individual atta*es m importance to himself ?an he does to ! _w4 ,! great lack ( imag9ation f :i* he suff]s is responsible = 8 inability to ent] into ! feel+s ( be+s o!r ?an himself1 & h5ce 8 sympa?y ) _! fate & suff]+ is ( ! slighte/ possible description4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :osoev] really c\ld sympa?ise1 necess>ily d\bts ! value ( life2 7 x possible = him to sum up & to feel 9 himself ! total consci\sness ( mank9d1 he w\ld collapse ) a mal$iction aga9/ exi/5ce1--= mank9d is1 9 ! mass1 )\t a goal1 & h5ce man _c f9d1 9 ! contemplation ( 8 :ole c\rse1 any?+ to s]ve him z a ma9/ay & a com=t1 b r a reason to despair4 ,if he looks beyond ! ?+s t imm$iately engage him to ! f9al aimlessness ( humanity1 8 own conduct assumes 9 8 eyes ! "* ( a fritt]+ away4 ,to feel oneself1 h[ev]1 z humanity 7n alone z an individual7 fritt]$ away exactly z we see ! /ray leaves fritt]$ away by nature1 is a feel+ transc5d+ all feel+4 ,b :o is capable ( x8 ,only a poet1 c]ta9ly3 & poets always "k h[ to console !mselves4 #cd ,= ,tranquility4--,b w n our philosophy become ?us a trag$y8 ,w n tru? prove ! enemy ( life1 ( bett]m5t8 ,a "q seems to weigh ^u our tongue & yet w n put itself into words3 :e!r "o c kn[+ly rema9 9 ! doma9 ( ! untru?ful8 or1 if "o mu/1 :e!r1 !n1 dea? w\ld n be pref]able8 ,= !re is no long] any ought 7,soll571 morality2 s f> z x is involv$ ought1 is1 ?r\gh our po9t ( view1 z utt]ly annihilat$ z religion4 ,our k c p]mit only pleasure & pa91 b5efit & injury1 to subsi/ z motives4 ,b h[ c ^! motives be di/+ui%$ f ! desire = tru?8 ,ev5 !y re/ ^u error 79 s f>1 z already /at$1 p>tiality & dislike & _! v inaccurate e/imates palpably modify our pleasure & our pa974 ,! :ole ( human life is deeply involv$ 9 untru?4 ,! individual _c extricate x f ?is pit )\t !reby fundam5tally cla%+ ) 8 :ole pa/1 )\t f9d+ 8 pres5t motives ( conduct1 7z t ( honor7 illegitimate1 & )\t oppos+ scorn & contempt to ! ambitions :i* prompt "o to h reg>d = ! future & = "o's happ9ess 9 ! future4 ,is x true1 does !re1 !n1 rema9 b "o way ( ?9k+1 :i*1 z a p]sonal consequ5ce br+s 9 its tra9 despair1 & z a !oretical consequ5ce br+s 9 its tra9 a philosophy ( decay1 dis9tegration1 self annihilation8 ,i believe ! decid+ influ5ce1 z reg>ds ! aft]-effect ( k1 w be ! temp]am5t ( a man2 ,i c1 9 addition to ?is aft]-effect j m5tion$1 suppose ano!r1 by means ( :i* a mu* simpl] life1 & "o fre] f di/urbances ?an ! pres5t1 c\ld be liv$2 s t at fir/ ! old motives ( vehem5t passion might /ill h /r5g?1 ow+ to h]$it>y habit1 b !y w\ld gradually gr[ weak] "u ! influ5ce ( purify+ k4 ,a man w\ld live1 at la/1 bo? among m5 & unto himself1 z 9 ! natural /ate1 )\t praise1 reproa*1 competition1 fea/+ "o's eyes1 z if x 7 a play1 ^u mu* t =m]ly inspir$ dread4 ,"o w\ld be rid ( ! /r5u\s elem5t1 & w\ld no long] feel ! goad ( ! reflection t man is n ev5 z mu* z nature1 nor m ?an nature4 ,to be sure1 ?is requires1 z already /at$1 a good temp]am5t1 a =tifi$1 g5tle & naturally *e]ful s\l1 a disposition t has no ne$ to be on its gu>d aga9/ its own ecc5tricities & sudd5 outbreaks & t 9 its utt]ances manife/s nei!r sull5ness nor a sn>l+ tone--^? famili>1 disagreeable *>act]i/ics ( old dogs & old m5 t h be5 a long "t *a9$ up4 ,r mu/ a man1 f :om ! ord9>y bondages ( life h fall5 away to s great an ext5t1 s d t he only lives on 9 ord] to gr[ cont9ually 9 k1 & to le>n to resign1 )\t envy & )\t disappo9tm5t1 mu*1 yes ne>ly ev]y?+1 t has value 9 ! eyes ( m54 ,he mu/ be cont5t ) su* a free1 fe>less so>+ above m51 mann]s1 laws & traditional e/imates ( ?+s1 z ! mo/ desirable ( all situations4 ,he w freely %>e ! joy ( be+ 9 su* a situation1 & he has1 p]haps1 no?+ else to %>e--9 :i* r5unciation & self-d5ial really mo/ consi/4 ,b if m is ask$ ( him1 he w1 ) a b5evol5t %ake ( ! head1 ref] to 8 bro!r1 ! free man ( fact1 & w1 p]haps1 n dissemble a little contempt3 =1 z reg>ds 8 fre$om1 !reby hangs a tale4#ah #ah d5 mit dess5 ,freiheit hat es e9e eig5e ,bew&tniss4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 #ce ,advantages ( ,psy*ological ,obs]vation4--,t reflection reg>d+ ! human1 all-too-human--or z ! le>n$ j>gon is3 psy*ological obs]vation--is among ! means :]eby ! burd5 ( life c be made light]1 t practice 9 ?is art af=ds pres5ce ( m9d 9 difficult situations & ent]ta9m5t amid a we>isome environm5t1 aye1 t maxims may be cull$ 9 ! ?ornie/ & lea/ pleas+ pa?s ( life & invigoration !reby obta9$3 ?is mu* 0 believ$1 0 kn[n--9 =m] c5turies4 ,:y 0 ?is =gott5 9 our own c5tury1 dur+ :i*1 at lea/ 9 ,g]many1 yes 9 ,europe1 pov]ty z reg>ds psy*ological obs]vation w\ld h be5 manife/ 9 _m ways _h !re be5 anyone to :om ?is pov]ty c\ld h manife/$ itself4 ,n only 9 ! novel1 9 ! romance1 9 philosophical /&po9ts--^! are ! works ( exceptional m52 /ill m 9 ! /ate ( op9ion reg>d+ public ev5ts & p]sonages2 above all 9 g5]al society1 :i* says mu* ab\t m5 b no?+ :atev] ab\t man1 !re is totally lack+ ! art ( psy*ological analysis & syn!sis4 ,b :y is ! ri*e/ & mo/ h>mless s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t ?us all[$ to run to wa/e8 ,:y is ! greate/ ma/] ( ! psy*ological maxim no long] read8--=1 ) no exagg]ation :atev] be x said3 ! educat$ p]son 9 ,europe :o has read ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & 8 intellectual & arti/ic aff9ities is v h>d to f9d2 /ill h>d]1 ! p]son :o kn[s !m & does n disp>age !m4 ,app>5tly1 too1 ?is unusual read] takes f> less pleasure 9 !m ?an ! =m adopt$ by ^! arti/s %\ld af=d him3 = ! subtle/ m9d _c adequately appreciate ! art ( maxim-mak+ unless x has _h tra9+ 9 x1 unless x has compet$ 9 x4 ,)\t su* practical acqua9tance1 "o is apt to look ^u ?is mak+ & =m+ z a mu* easi] ?+ ?an x really is2 "o is n ke5ly en\gh alive to ! felicity & ! *>m ( success4 ,h5ce pres5t day read]s ( maxims h b a mod]ate1 temp]$ pleasure 9 !m1 sc>cely1 inde$1 a true p]ception ( _! m]it1 s t _! exp]i5ces are ab\t ! same z ^? ( ! av]age behold] ( cameos3 p :o praise because !y _c appreciate1 & are v ready to admire & /ill readi] to turn away4 #cf ,objection4--,or is !re a c\nt]-proposition to ! dictum t psy*ological obs]vation is "o ( ! means ( consol+1 light5+1 *>m+ exi/5ce8 ,h en\gh ( ! unpleasant effects ( ?is art be5 exp]i5c$ to ju/ify ! p]son /riv+ = culture 9 turn+ 8 reg>d away f x8 ,9 all tru?1 a c]ta9 bl9d fai? 9 ! goodness ( human nature1 an implant$ di/a/e = any disp>agem5t ( human conc]ns1 a sort ( %amefac$ness at ! nak$ness ( ! s\l1 may be f> m desirable ?+s 9 ! g5]al happ9ess ( a man1 ?an ?is only occasionally advantage\s quality ( psy*ological %>psight$ness2 & p]haps belief 9 ! good1 9 virtu\s m5 & actions1 9 a pl5itude ( dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce has be5 m productive ( good 9 ! _w ( m5 9 s f> z x has made m5 less di/ru/ful4 ,if ,plut>*'s h]oes are en?usia/ically imitat$ & a reluctance is exp]i5c$ to look+ too critically into ! motives ( _! actions1 n ! k b ! welf>e ( human society is promot$ !reby3 psy*ological error & above all obtus5ess 9 reg>d to x1 help human nature =w>d1 :]eas k ( ! tru? is m promot$ by means ( ! /imulat+ /r5g? ( a hypo!sis2 z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,s5t5ces & ,moral ,maxims has express$ x3 ,:at ! _w calls virtue is ord9>ily b a phantom creat$ by ! passions1 & to :i* we give a good "n 9 ord] to d :atev] we please ) impunity4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld & ^? o!r ,fr5* ma/]s ( s\l-se>*+ 7to ! numb] ( :om has lately be5 add$ a ,g]man1 ! au?or ( ,psy*ological ,obs]vations7 are l exp]t m>ksm5 :o aga9 & aga9 hit ! black spot--b x is ! black spot 9 human nature4 ,_! art inspires amazem5t1 b f9ally "s spectator1 inspir$1 n by ! sci5tific _s b by a humanit>ian feel+1 execrates an art t seems to implant 9 ! s\l a ta/e = belittl+ & impea*+ mank9d4 #cg ,nev]!less4--,! matt] !re=e1 z reg>ds pro & con1 /&s ?us3 9 ! pres5t /ate ( philosophy an awak5+ ( ! moral obs]vation is ess5tial4 ,! repulsive aspect ( psy*ological dissection1 ) ! knife & tweez]s entail$ by ! process1 c no long] be sp>$ humanity4 ,su* is ! imp]ative duty ( any sci5ce t inve/igates ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! s-call$ moral feel+s & :i*1 9 its progress1 is call$ ^u to posit & to solve advanc$ social problems3--,! old] philosophy does n recognize ! new] at all &1 ?r\gh paltry evasions1 has always gone a/ray 9 ! inve/igation ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( human e/imates 7,w]?s*aetzung574 ,) :at results may n[ be v cle>ly p]ceiv$1 s9ce x has be5 %[n by _m examples1 h[ ! errors ( ! greate/ philosoph]s h _! orig9 9 a false explanation ( c]ta9 human actions & feel+s2 h[ ^u ! f\ndation ( an errone\s analysis 7= example1 ( ! s call$ dis9t]e/$ actions71 a false e?ic is re>$1 to support :i* religion & l my?ological mon/rosities are call$ 91 until f9ally ! %ades ( ^! tr\bl$ spirits collapse 9 physics & 9 ! compreh5sive _w po9t ( view4 ,b if x be e/abli%$ t sup]ficiality ( psy*ological obs]vation has h]et(ore set ! mo/ dang]\s sn>es = human judgm5t & d$uction1 & w cont9ue to d s1 all ! great] ne$ is !re ( t /eady cont9uance ( labor t nev] we>ies putt+ /one ^u /one1 little /one ^u little /one2 all ! great] ne$ is !re ( a c\rage t is n a%am$ ( su* humble labor & t w oppose p]si/5ce1 to all contempt4 ,x is1 f9ally1 also true t c\ntless s+le obs]vations conc]n+ ! human1 all-too-human1 h be5 fir/ made & utt]$ 9 circles accu/om$1 n to furni% matt] = sci5tific k1 b = intellectual pleasure-seek+2 & ! orig9al home atmosph]e--a v s$uctive atmosph]e--( ! moral maxim has almo/ inextricably int]p5etrat$ ! entire species1 s t ! sci5tific man involunt>ily manife/s a sort ( mi/ru/ ( ?is species & ( its s]i\sness4 ,b x is suffici5t to po9t to ! consequ5ces3 = already x is becom+ evid5t t ev5ts ( ! mo/ port5t\s nature are develop+ 9 ! doma9 ( psy*ological obs]vation4 ,:at is ! lead+ conclusion arriv$ at by "o ( ! subtle/ & calme/ ( ?9k]s1 ! au?or ( ! "w ,conc]n+ ! ,orig9 ( ! ,moral ,feel+s1 z a result ( 8 ?or\gh & incisive analysis ( human conduct8 ,! moral man1 he says1 /&s no ne>] ! kn[able 7metaphysical7 _w ?an ! physical man4#ai ,?is dictum1 gr[n h>d & cutt+ b5ea? ! hamm]-bl[ ( hi/orical k1 c "s day1 p]haps1 9 "s future or o!r1 s]ve z ! axe t w be laid to ! root ( ! metaphysical necessities ( m5--:e!r m to ! bless+ ?an to ! bann+ ( univ]sal well be+ :o c say8--b 9 any ev5t a dictum fraught ) ! mo/ mom5t\s consequ5ces1 fruitful & fe>ful at once1 & confront+ ! _w 9 ! two fac$ way *>act]i/ic ( all great facts4 #ai ,d] moralis*e ,m5s*1 sagt er1 /eht d] intelligibl5 7metaphysis*57 ,welt ni*t naeh]1 als d] physis*e ,m5s*4 #ch ,to ,:at ,ext5t ,useful4--,!re=e1 :e!r psy*ological obs]vation is m an advantage ?an a disadvantage to mank9d may always rema9 undet]m9$3 b !re is no d\bt t x is necess>y1 because sci5ce c no long] disp5se ) x4 ,sci5ce1 h[ev]1 recognizes no consid]ations ( ultimate goals or ends any m ?an nature does2 b z ! latt] duly matures ?+s ( ! highe/ fitness = c]ta9 ends )\t any int5tion ( do+ x1 s w true sci5ce1 do+ ) ideas :at nature does ) matt]1#bj promote ! purposes & ! welf>e ( humanity1 7z occasion may af=d1 & 9 _m ways7 & atta9 fitness to ends--b likewise )\t hav+ int5d$ x4 #bj als die ,na*ahmung d] ,natur 9 ,begriff51 lit]ally3 z ! c\nt]feit ( nature 9 7reg>d to7 ideas4 ,he to :om ! atmosph]ic conditions ( su* a prospect are too w9try1 has too little fire 9 him3 let him look ab\t him1 & he w become s5sible ( maladies requir+ an icy air1 & ( p :o are s knead$ toge!r out ( ardor & intellect t !y c sc>cely f9d any:]e an atmosph]e too cold & cutt+ = !m4 ,moreov]3 z too s]i\s individuals & nations /& 9 ne$ ( trivial relaxations2 z o!rs1 too volatile & excitable require on]\s1 weighty ordeals to r5d] !m entirely heal?y3 %\ld n we1 ! m intellectual m5 ( ?is age1 :i* is swept m & m by conflagrations1 cat* up e cool+ & ext+ui%+ appliance we c f9d t we may always rema9 z self conta9$1 /eady & calm z we are n[1 & !reby p]haps s]ve ?is age z its mirror & self reflector1 :5 ! occasion arises8 #ci ,! ,fable ( ,discretion>y ,fre$om4--,! hi/ory ( ! feel+s1 on ! basis ( :i* we make ev]yone responsible1 h5ce1 ! s-call$ moral feel+s1 is traceable 9 ! foll[+ lead+ phases4 ,at fir/ s+le actions are t]m$ good or bad )\t any ref]5ce to _! motive1 b solely because ( ! utilit>ian or prejudicial consequ5ces !y h = ! community4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 ! orig9 ( ^! designations is =gott5 b x is imag9$ t action 9 itself1 )\t ref]5ce to its consequ5ces1 conta9s ! prop]ty good or bad3 ) ! same error accord+ to :i* language designates ! /one itself z h>dness ! tree itself z gre5ness--= ! reason1 !re=e1 t :at is a consequ5ce is compreh5d$ z a cause4 ,accord+ly1 ! goodness or badness is incorporat$ into ! motive & any de$ by itself is reg>d$ z morally ambigu\s4 ,a /ep fur!r is tak51 & ! pr$ication good or bad is no long] made ( ! p>ticul> motives b ( ! entire nature ( a man1 out ( :i* motive gr[s z gr[ ! plants out ( ! soil4 ,?us man is successively made responsible = 8 p>ticul> acts1 !n = 8 c\rse ( conduct1 !n = 8 motives & f9ally = 8 nature4 ,n[1 at la/1 is x discov]$ t ?is nature1 ev51 _c be responsible1 inasmu* z x is only & :olly a necess>y consequ5ce & is syn!sis$ out ( ! elem5ts & influ5ce ( pa/ & pres5t ?+s3 !re=e1 t man is to be made responsible = no?+1 nei!r = 8 nature1 nor 8 motives1 nor 8 c\rse ( conduct nor 8 p>ticul> acts4 ,by ?is process is ga9$ ! k t ! hi/ory ( moral e/imates is ! hi/ory ( error1 ( ! error ( responsibility3 z is :atev] re/s ^u ! error ( ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,s*op5hau] conclud$ j ! o!r way1 ?us3 s9ce c]ta9 actions br+ depression 7consci\sness ( guilt7 9 _! tra91 !re mu/1 !n1 exi/ responsibility1 = !re w\ld be no basis = ?is depression at h& if all man's affairs did n foll[ _! c\rse ( necessity--z !y d1 inde$1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ?is philosoph]1 foll[ _! c\rse--b man himself1 subject to ! same necessity1 w\ld be j ! man t he is--:i* ,s*op5hau] d5ies4 ,f ! fact ( su* depression ,s*op5hau] believes himself able to prove a fre$om :i* man 9 "s way mu/ h _h1 n inde$ 9 reg>d to 8 actions b 9 reg>d to 8 nature3 fre$om1 !re=e1 to be ?us & s1 n to act ?us & s4 ,out ( ! esse1 ! sph]e ( fre$om & responsibility1 foll[s1 accord+ to 8 op9ion1 ! op]>i1 ! sph]es ( inv>iable causation1 necessity & irresponsibility4 ,?is depression1 inde$1 is due app>5tly to ! op]>i--9 s f> z x be delusive--b 9 tru? to :atev] esse be ! de$ ( a free w1 ! basic cause ( ! exi/5ce ( an individual3 9 ord] to let man become :atev] he wills to become1 8 to w 7,woll57 mu/ prec$e 8 exi/5ce4--,"h1 ap>t f ! absurdity ( ! /atem5t j made1 !re is drawn ! wrong inf]5ce t ! fact ( ! depression expla9s its "*1 ! rational admissibility ( x3 f su* a wrong inf]5ce does ,s*op5hau] fir/ come to 8 fanta/ic consequ5t ( ! s call$ discretion>y fre$om 7intelligibeln ,freiheit74 7,= ! orig9 ( ?is fabul\s entity ,plato & ,kant are equally responsible74 ,b depression aft] ! act does n ne$ to be rational3 inde$1 x is c]ta9ly n s at all1 = x re/s ^u ! errone\s assumption t ! act ne$ n necess>ily h come to pass4 ,!re=e3 only because man deems himself free1 b n because he is free1 does he exp]i5ce remorse & ! /+s ( consci5ce4--,moreov]1 ?is depression is some?+ t c be gr[n out (2 9 _m m5 x is n pres5t at all z a consequ5ce ( acts :i* inspire x 9 _m o!r m54 ,x is a v v>y+ ?+ & "o closely connect$ ) ! developm5t ( cu/om & civilization1 & p]haps manife/ only dur+ a relatively brief p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory4--,no "o is responsible = 8 acts1 no "o = 8 nature2 to judge is tantam\nt to be+ unju/4 ,?is applies z well :5 ! individual judges himself4 ,! proposition is z cle> z sunlight1 & yet "h ev]yone pref]s to g back to d>kness & untru?3 = fe> ( ! consequ5ces4 #dj ,above ,animal4--,! bea/ 9 u mu/ be :e$l$3 e?ic is necess>y1 t we may n be torn to pieces4 ,)\t ! errors involv$ 9 ! assumptions ( e?ics1 man w\ld h rema9$ an animal4 ,?us has he tak5 himself z some?+ high] & impos$ rigid laws ^u himself4 ,he feels hatr$1 consequ5tly1 = /ates approximat+ ! animal3 :5ce ! =m] contempt = ! slave z a n-yet-man1 z a ?+1 is to be expla9$4 #da ,unalt]able ,"*4--,t "* is unalt]able is n1 9 ! /rict s5se1 true2 r is ?is favorite proposition valid only to ! ext5t t dur+ ! brief life p]iod ( a man ! pot5t new motives c n1 usually1 press d[n h>d en\gh to oblit]ate ! l9es impr9t$ by ages4 ,c\ld we conceive ( a man eighty ?\s& ye>s old1 we %\ld h 9 him an absolutely alt]able "*2 s t ! maturities ( successive1 v>y+ individuals w\ld develop 9 him4 ,! %ortness ( human life leads to _m errone\s ass]tions conc]n+ ! qualities ( man4 #db ,classification ( ,enjoym5ts & ,e?ic4--,! once accept$ comp>ative classification ( enjoym5ts1 accord+ to :i* an inf]ior1 high]1 highe/ egoism may crave "o or ano!r enjoym5t1 n[ decides z to e?ical /atus or une?ical /atus4 ,a l[] enjoym5t 7= example1 s5sual pleasure7 pref]r$ to a m highly e/eem$ "o 7= example1 heal?7 rates z une?ical1 z does welf>e pref]r$ to fre$om4 ,! comp>ative classification ( enjoym5ts is n1 h[ev]1 alike or ! same at all p]iods2 :5 anyone dem&s satisfaction ( ! law1 he is1 f ! po9t ( view ( an e>li] civilization1 moral1 f t ( ! pres5t1 non-moral4 ,une?ical indicates1 !re=e1 t a man is n suffici5tly s5sible to ! high]1 f9] impulses :i* ! pres5t civilization has br\ght ) x1 or is n s5sible to !m at all2 x indicates backw>dness1 b only f ! po9t ( view ( ! contempor>y degree ( di/9ction4--,! comp>ative classification ( enjoym5ts itself is n det]m9$ accord+ to absolute e?ics2 b aft] ea* new e?ical adju/m5t1 x is !n decid$ :e!r conduct be e?ical or ! rev]se4 #dc ,inhuman ,m5 z ,survivals4--,m5 :o are n[ inhuman mu/ s]ve u z surviv+ specim5s ( e>li] civilizations4 ,! m\nta9 height ( humanity "h reveals its l[] =mations1 :i* might o!rwise rema9 hidd5 f view4 ,!re are surviv+ specim5s ( humanity ^: bra9s ?r\gh ! vicissitudes ( h]$ity1 h escap$ prop] developm5t4 ,!y %[ u :at we all 7 & ?us appal u2 b !y are z little responsible on ?is acc\nt z is a piece ( granite = be+ granite4 ,9 our own bra9s !re mu/ be c\rses & w9d+s correspond+ to su* *>act]s1 j z 9 ! =ms ( "s human organs !re survive traces ( fi%hood4 ,b ^! c\rses & w9d+s are no long] ! b$ 9 :i* fl[s ! /ream ( our feel+4 #dd ,gratitude & ,rev5ge4--,! reason ! p[]ful man is grateful is ?is4 ,8 b5efactor has1 ?r\gh 8 b5efaction1 invad$ ! doma9 ( ! p[]ful man & e/abli%$ himself on an equal foot+3 ! p[]ful man 9 turn invades ! doma9 ( ! b5efactor & gets satisfaction ?r\gh ! act ( gratitude4 ,x is a mild =m ( rev5ge4 ,by n obta9+ ! satisfaction ( gratitude ! p[]ful w\ld h %[n himself p[]less & h rank$ z su* !nce=w>d4 ,h5ce e society ( ! good1 t is to say1 ( ! p[]ful orig9ally1 places gratitude among ! fir/ ( duties4--,swift has add$ ! dictum t man is grateful 9 ! same degree t he is rev5geful4 #de ,two-fold ,hi/orical ,orig9 ( ,good & ,evil4--,! notion ( good & bad has a two-fold hi/orical orig93 namely1 fir/1 9 ! _s ( rul+ races & ca/es4 ,:oev] has p[] to requite good ) good & evil ) evil & actually br+s requital1 7t is1 is grateful & rev5geful7 acquires ! "n ( be+ good2 :oev] is p[]less & _c requite is call$ bad4 ,a man belongs1 z a good individual1 to ! good ( a community1 :o h a feel+ 9 common1 because all ! individuals are alli$ ) "o ano!r ?r\gh ! requit+ s5tim5t4 ,a man belongs1 z a bad individual1 to ! bad1 to a mass ( subjugat$1 p[]less m5 :o h no feel+ 9 common4 ,! good are a ca/e1 ! bad are a quantity1 l du/4 ,good & bad is1 = a consid]able p]iod1 tantam\nt to noble & s]vile1 ma/] & slave4 ,on ! o!r h& an enemy is n look$ ^u z bad3 he c requite4 ,! ,trojan & ! ,greek are 9 ,hom] bo? good4 ,n he1 :o does no h>m1 b he :o is despis$1 is deem$ bad4 ,9 ! community ( ! good individuals ! quality ( goodness is inh]it$2 x is impossible = a bad individual to gr[ f su* a ri* soil4 ,if1 not)/&+1 "o ( ! good individuals does some?+ unwor?y ( 8 goodness1 rec\rse is _h to exorcism2 ?us ! guilt is ascrib$ to a deity1 ! :ile x is decl>$ t ?is deity bewit*$ ! good man into madness & bl9dness4--,second1 9 ! _s ( ! subjugat$1 ! p[]less4 ,"h e o!r man is1 to ! individual1 ho/ile1 inconsid]ate1 gre$y1 inhuman1 av>ici\s1 be he noble or s]vile2 bad is ! *>act]i/ic t]m = man1 = e liv+ be+1 inde$1 t is recogniz$ at all1 ev5 = a god3 human1 div9e1 ^! notions are tantam\nt to devili%1 bad4 ,manife/ations ( goodness1 sympa?y1 helpfulness1 are reg>d$ ) anxiety z trick9ess1 preludes to an evil end1 deception1 subtlety1 9 %ort1 z ref9$ badness4 ,) su* a pr$isposition 9 individuals1 a feel+ 9 common c sc>cely arise at all1 at mo/ only ! rude/ =m ( x3 s t ev]y:]e t ?is conception ( good & evil prevails1 ! de/ruction ( ! individuals1 _! race & nation1 is imm95t4--,our exi/+ morality has develop$ ^u ! f\ndation laid by rul+ races & ca/es4 #df ,sympa?y ,great] ?an ,suff]+4--,!re are circum/ances 9 :i* sympa?y is /rong] ?an ! suff]+ itself4 ,we feel m pa91 = in/ance1 :5 "o ( our fri5ds becomes guilty ( a repreh5sible action ?an if we _h done ! de$ ourselves4 ,we once1 t is1 _h m fai? 9 ! purity ( 8 "* ?an he _h himself4 ,h5ce our love = him1 7app>5tly because ( ?is v fai?7 is /rong] ?an is 8 own love = himself4 ,if1 inde$1 8 egoism really suff]s m1 z a result1 ?an our egoism1 inasmu* z he mu/ take ! consequ5ces ( 8 fault to a great] ext5t ?an ourselves1 nev]!less1 ! unegoi/ic--?is ^w is n to be tak5 too /rictly1 b simply z a modifi$ =m ( expression--9 u is m affect$ by 8 guilt ?an ! unegoi/ic 9 him4 #dg ,hypo*ondria4--,!re are p :o1 f sympa?y & anxiety = o!rs become hypo*ondriacal4 ,! result+ =m ( compassion is no?+ else ?an sickness4 ,s1 also1 is !re a ,*ri/ian hypo*ondria1 f :i* ^? s+ul>1 religi\sly agitat$ p suff] :o place always be=e _! eyes ! suff]+ & dea? ( ,*ri/4 #dh ,economy ( ,bless+s4--,! advantage\s & ! pleas+1 z ! heal?ie/ gr[?s & p[]s 9 ! int]c\rse ( m51 are su* preci\s treasures t x is mu* to be wi%$ ! use made ( ^! balsamic means 7 z economical z possible3 b ?is is impossible4 ,economy 9 ! use ( bless+s is ! dream ( ! crazie/ ( ,utopians4 #di ,well-,wi%+4--,among ! small1 b inf9itely pl5tiful & !re=e v pot5t ?+s to :i* sci5ce mu/ pay m att5tion ?an to ! great1 uncommon ?+s1 well-wi%+#ba mu/ be reckon$2 ,i mean ^? manife/ations ( fri5dly disposition 9 int]c\rse1 t laught] ( ! eye1 e h& pressure1 e c\rtesy f :i*1 9 g5]al1 e human act gets its quality4 ,e tea*]1 e function>y adds ?is elem5t z a gratuity to :atev] he does z a duty2 x is ! p]petual well spr+ ( humanity1 l ! waves ( light 9 :i* ev]y?+ gr[s2 ?us1 9 ! n>r[e/ circles1 )9 ! family1 life blooms & fl[]s only ?r\gh ?is k9d feel+4 ,! *e]fulness1 fri5dl9ess & k9dness ( a he>t are unfail+ s\rces ( unegoi/ic impulse & h made f> m = civilization ?an ^? o!r m nois$ manife/ations ( x t are /yl$ sympa?y1 b5evol5ce & sacrifice4 ,b x is cu/om>y to depreciate ^! little tok5s ( k9dly feel+1 &1 inde$1 !re is n mu* ( ! unegoi/ic 9 !m4 ,! sum ( ^! little doses is v great1 nev]!less2 _! comb9$ /r5g? is ( ! greate/ ( /r5g?s4--,?us1 too1 mu* m happ9ess is to be f\nd 9 ! _w ?an gloomy eyes discov]3 t is1 if ! calculation be j1 & all ^! pleas+ mom5ts 9 :i* e day1 ev5 ! meane/ human life1 is ri*1 be n =gott54 #ba ,wohl-woll51 k9d feel+4 ,x /&s "h = b5evol5ce b n b5evol5ce 9 ! re/rict$ s5se ( ! ^w n[ prevail+4 #ej ,! ,desire to ,inspire ,compassion4--,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 9 ! mo/ notable "p ( 8 self portraiture 7fir/ pr9t$ #afeh7 rea*es ! vital spot ( tru? :5 he w>ns all ^? end[$ ) reason to be on _! gu>d aga9/ compassion1 :5 he advises t ?is s5tim5t be left to m5 ( ! masses :o /& 9 ne$ ( ! prompt+s ( ! emotions 7s9ce !y are n guid$ by reason7 to induce !m to give aid to ! suff]+ & to be ( s]vice 9 mis=tune3 :]eas compassion1 9 8 7& ,plato's7 view1 deprives ! he>t ( /r5g?4 ,to be sure1 sympa?y %\ld be manife/$ b m5 %\ld take c>e n to feel x2 = ! un=tunate are r5d]$ s dull t ! manife/ation ( sympa?y af=ds !m ! greate/ happ9ess 9 ! _w4--,p]haps a m effectual w>n+ aga9/ ?is compassion c be giv5 if ?is ne$ ( ! un=tunate be consid]$ n simply z /upidity & intellectual weakness1 n z a sort ( di/raction ( ! _s entail$ by mis=tune itself 7& ?us1 inde$1 does ,la ,ro*ef\cauld seem to view x7 b z some?+ q diff]5t & m mom5t\s4 ,let note be tak5 ( *ildr5 :o cry & scream 9 ord] to be compassionat$ & :o1 !re=e1 await ! mom5t :5 _! condition w be obs]v$2 come into contact ) ! sick & ! oppress$ 9 _s & try to asc]ta9 if ! wail+ & sigh+1 ! po/ur+ & pos+ ( mis=tune d n h z end & aim ! caus+ ( pa9 to ! behold]3 ! sympa?y :i* ea* behold] manife/s is a consolation to ! weak & suff]+ only 9 z mu* z !y are made to p]ceive t at lea/ !y h ! p[]1 not)/&+ all _! weakness1 to inflict pa94 ,! un=tunate exp]i5ces a species ( joy 9 ! s5se ( sup]iority :i* ! manife/ation ( sympa?y entails2 8 imag9ation is exalt$2 he is always /rong en\gh1 !n1 to cause ! _w pa94 ,?us is ! ?ir/ = sympa?y a ?ir/ = self enjoym5t & at ! exp5se ( "o's fell[ creatures3 x %[s man 9 ! :ole ru?lessness ( 8 own de> self3 n 9 8 m]e dullness z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld ?9ks4--,9 social conv]sation ?ree f\r?s ( all ! que/ions are ask$1 & ?ree f\r?s ( all ! replies are made 9 ord] to inflict "s little pa92 t is :y s _m p crave social int]c\rse3 x gives !m a s5se ( _! p[]4 ,9 ^! c\ntless b v small doses 9 :i* ! quality ( badness is adm9i/]$ x proves a pot5t /imulant ( life3 to ! same ext5t t well wi%+--7,wohl-woll57 di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! _w 9 l mann]1 is "o ( ! ev] ready re/oratives4--,b w _m honorable p be f\nd to admit t !re is any pleasure 9 adm9i/]+ pa98 t ent]ta9m5t--& r>e ent]ta9m5t--is n seldom f\nd 9 caus+ o!rs1 at lea/ 9 ?\ght1 "s pa91 & 9 rak+ !m ) ! small %ot ( wick$ness8 ,! majority are too ignoble & a few are too good to "k any?+ ( ?is pud5dum3 ! latt] may1 consequ5tly1 be prompt to d5y t ,prosp] ,m]imee is "r :5 he says3 ,"k1 also1 t no?+ is m common ?an to d wrong = ! pleasure ( do+ x4 #ea ,h[ ,appe>ance ,becomes ,reality4--,! actor _c1 at la/1 refra91 ev5 9 mom5ts ( ! deepe/ pa91 f ?9k+ ( ! effect produc$ by 8 deportm5t & by 8 surr\nd+s--= example1 ev5 at ! fun]al ( 8 own *ild3 he w weep at 8 own sorr[ & its manife/ations z ?\gh he 7 8 own audi5ce4 ,! hypocrite :o always plays "o & ! same "p1 f9ally ceases to be a hypocrite2 z 9 ! case ( prie/s :o1 :5 "y m51 are always1 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 hypocrites1 & f9ally become naturally & !n really1 )\t affectation1 m]e prie/s3 or if ! fa!r does n c>ry x to ?is ext5t1 ! son1 :o inh]its 8 fa!r's call+ & gets ! advantage ( ! pat]nal progress1 does4 ,:5 anyone1 dur+ a long p]iod1 & p]si/5tly1 wi%es to appe> some?+1 x w at la/ prove difficult = him to be any?+ else4 ,! call+ ( almo/ e man1 ev5 ( ! arti/1 beg9s ) hypocrisy1 ) an imitation ( deportm5t1 ) a copy+ ( ! effective 9 mann]4 ,he :o always we>s ! mask ( a fri5dly man mu/ at la/ ga9 a p[] ov] fri5dl9ess ( disposition1 )\t :i* ! expression itself ( fri5dl9ess is n to be ga9$--& f9ally fri5dl9ess ( disposition ga9s ! asc5dancy ov] him--he is b5evol5t4 #eb ,! ,po9t ( ,honor 9 ,deception4--,9 all great deceiv]s "o *>act]i/ic is prom95t1 to :i* !y owe _! p[]4 ,9 ! v act ( deception1 amid all ! accompanim5ts1 ! agitation 9 ! voice1 ! expression1 ! be>+1 9 ! crisis ( ! sc5e1 !re comes ov] !m a belief 9 !mselves2 ?is x is t acts s effectively & irresi/ibly ^u ! behold]s4 ,f\nd]s ( religions diff] f su* great deceiv]s 9 t !y nev] come out ( ?is /ate ( self deception1 or else !y h1 v r>ely1 a few mom5ts ( enlight5m5t 9 :i* !y are ov]come by d\bt2 g5]ally1 h[ev]1 !y soo! !mselves by ascrib+ su* mom5ts ( enlight5m5t to ! evil adv]s>y4 ,self deception mu/ exi/ t bo? classes ( deceiv]s may atta9 f> rea*+ results4 ,= m5 believe 9 ! tru? ( all t is manife/ly believ$ ) due implicitness by o!rs4 #ec ,presum$ ,degrees ( ,tru?4--,"o ( ! mo/ usual errors ( d$uction is3 because someone truly & op5ly is aga9/ u1 !re=e he speaks ! tru?4 ,h5ce ! *ild has fai? 9 ! judgm5ts ( its eld]s1 ! ,*ri/ian 9 ! ass]tions ( ! f\nd] ( ! *ur*4 ,s1 too1 x w n be admitt$ t all = :i* m5 sacrific$ life & happ9ess 9 =m] c5turies 0 no?+ b delusion3 p]haps x is alleg$ ^! ?+s 7 degrees ( tru?4 ,b :at is really meant is t1 if a p]son s9c]ely believes a ?+ & has f\ght & di$ = 8 fai?1 x w\ld be too unju/ if only delusion _h inspir$ him4 ,su* a /ate ( affairs seems to contradict et]nal ju/ice4 ,= t reason ! he>t ( a s5sitive man pron\nces aga9/ 8 head ! judgm5t3 betwe5 moral conduct & intellectual insight !re mu/ always exi/ an inh]5t connection4 ,x is1 un=tunately1 o!rwise3 = !re is no et]nal ju/ice4 #ed ,falsehood4--,:y d m51 z a rule1 speak ! tru? 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life8 ,c]ta9ly n = ! reason t a god has =bidd5 ly+4 ,b because fir/3 x is m conv5i5t1 z falsehood entails inv5tion1 make-believe & recollection 7:]e=e ,swift says t :oev] inv5ts a lie seldom realises ! heavy burd5 he takes up3 he mu/1 namely1 = e lie t he tells1 ins]t tw5ty m74 ,!re=e1 because 9 pla9 ord9>y relations ( life x is exp$i5t to say )\t circumlocution3 ,i want ?is1 ,i h done ?is1 & ! l2 !re=e1 because ! way ( fre$om & c]ta9ty is sur] ?an t ( ruse4--,b if x happ5s t a *ild is br\ght up 9 s9i/] dome/ic circum/ances1 x w !n indulge 9 falsehood z matt] ( c\rse1 & involunt>ily say any?+ its own int]e/s may prompt3 an incl9ation = tru?1 an av]sion to falsehood1 is q =eign & uncong5ial to x1 & h5ce x lies 9 all innoc5ce4 #ee ,e?ic ,discr$it$ = ,fai?'s ,sake4--,no p[] c su/a9 itself :5 x is repres5t$ by m]e humbugs3 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* may possess ev] s _m worldly s\rces ( /r5g?1 b its true might is compris$ 9 ^? /ill numb]less prie/ly natures :o make _! lives /]n & /r5u\s & ^: looks & emaciat$ bodies are eloqu5t ( night vigils1 fa/s1 ard5t pray]1 p]haps ev5 ( :ip la%es3 ^! ?+s make m5 tremble & cause !m anxiety3 :at1 if x be really imp]ative to live ?us8 ,?is is ! dreadful "q :i* _! aspect occasions4 ,z !y spread ?is d\bt1 !y lay anew ! prop ( _! p[]3 ev5 ! free ?9k]s d>e n oppose su* dis9t]e/$ness ) sev]e tru? & cry3 ,?\ deceiv$ "o1 deceive n6--,only ! diff]5ce ( /&po9t sep>ates !m f him3 no diff]5ce 9 goodness or badness4 ,b ?+s we _c accompli% ourselves1 we are apt to criticise unfairly4 ,?us we are told ( ! cunn+ & p]v]t$ acts ( ! ,jesuits1 b we ov]look ! self ma/]y t ea* ,jesuit imposes ^u himself & also ! fact t ! easy life :i* ! ,jesuit manuals advocate is = ! b5efit1 n ( ! ,jesuits b ! laity4 ,inde$1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r we enlight5$ ones w\ld become equally compet5t work]s z ! result ( simil> tactics & organization1 & equally wor?y ( admiration z ! result ( self ma/]y1 indefatigable indu/ry & devotion4 #ef ,victory ( ,k ov] ,radical ,evil4--,x proves a mat]ial ga9 to him :o w\ld atta9 k to h _h dur+ a consid]able p]iod ! idea t mank9d is a radically bad & p]v]t$ ?+3 x is a false idea1 z is its opposite1 b x long held sway & its roots h rea*$ d[n ev5 to ourselves & our pres5t _w4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ourselves we mu/ und]/& x2 b 9 ord] to atta9 a l(ti] height we mu/ /ep above x4 ,we !n p]ceive t !re is no su* ?+ z s9 9 ! metaphysical s5se3 b also1 9 ! same s5se1 no su* ?+ z virtue2 t ?is :ole doma9 ( e?ical notions is "o ( con/ant v>iation2 t !re are high] & deep] conceptions ( good & evil1 moral & immoral4 ,:oev] desires no m ( ?+s ?an k ( !m atta9s spe$ily to peace ( m9d & w at mo/ err ?r\gh lack ( k1 b sc>cely ?r\gh eag]ness = k 7or ?r\gh s91 z ! _w calls x74 ,he w n ask t eag]ness = k be int]dict$ & root$ out2 b 8 s+le1 all p[]ful ambition to "k z ?or\ghly & z fully z possible1 w soo! him & mod]ate all t is /r5u\s 9 8 circum/ances4 ,moreov]1 he is n[ rid ( a numb] ( di/urb+ notions2 he is no long] beguil$ by su* words z hell-pa91 s9fulness1 unwor?9ess3 he sees 9 !m m]ely ! flitt+ %ad[ pictures ( false views ( life & ( ! _w4 #eg ,e?ic z ,man's ,self-,analysis4--,a good au?or1 ^: he>t is really 9 8 "w1 wi%es t someone w\ld arise & :olly refute him if only !reby 8 subject be :olly cl>ifi$ & made pla94 ,! maid 9 love wi%es t %e c\ld atte/ ! fidelity ( h] own passion ?r\gh ! fai?lessness ( h] belov$4 ,! soldi] wi%es to sacrifice 8 life on ! field ( 8 fa!rl&'s victory3 = 9 ! victory ( 8 fa!rl& 8 highe/ end is atta9$4 ,! "m gives h] *ild :at %e deprives h]self (--sleep1 ! be/ n\ri%m5t &1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 h] heal?1 h] self4--,b are all ^! acts unegoi/ic8 ,are ^! moral de$s miracles because !y are1 9 ,s*op5hau]'s phrase impossible & yet accompli%$8 ,is x n evid5t t 9 all f\r cases man loves "o "p ( himself1 7a ?\ght1 a long+1 an exp]i5ce7 m ?an he loves ano!r "p ( himself8 t he ?us analyses 8 be+ & sacrifices "o "p ( x to ano!r "p8 ,is ?is ess5tially diff]5t f ! behavior ( ! ob/9ate man :o says ,i w\ld r be %ot ?an g a /ep out ( my way = ?is fell[8--,pref]5ce = some?+ 7wi%1 impulse1 long+7 is pres5t 9 all f\r in/ances3 to yield to x1 ) all its consequ5ces1 is n unegoi/ic4--,9 ! doma9 ( ! e?ical man conducts himself n z individuum b z dividuum4 #eh ,:at ,c be ,promis$4--,actions c be promis$1 b n feel+s1 = ^! are involunt>y4 ,:oev] promises somebody to love him always1 or to hate him always1 or to be ev] true to him1 promises some?+ t x is out ( 8 p[] to be/[4 ,b he really c promise su* c\rses ( conduct z are ! ord9>y accompanim5ts ( love1 ( hate1 ( fidelity1 b :i* may also h _! s\rce 9 motives q diff]5t3 = v>i\s ways & motives lead to ! same conduct4 ,! promise to love someone always1 means1 consequ5tly3 z long z ,i love y1 ,i w manife/ ! deportm5t ( love2 b if ,i cease to love y my deportm5t1 al?\gh f "s o!r motive1 w be j ! same1 s t to ! p ab\t u x w seem z if my love rema9$ un*ang$4--,h5ce x is ! cont9uance ( ! deportm5t ( love t is promis$ 9 e in/ance 9 :i* et]nal love 7provid$ no elem5t ( self deception be involv$7 is sworn4 #ei ,intellect & ,e?ic4--,"o mu/ h a good memory to be able to keep ! promises "o makes4 ,"o mu/ h a /rong imag9ation 9 ord] to feel sympa?y4 ,s closely is e?ics connect$ ) intellectual capacity4 #fj ,desire = ,v5geance & ,v5geance ,itself4--,to m$itate rev5ge & atta9 x is tantam\nt to an attack ( fev]1 t passes away3 b to m$itate rev5ge )\t possess+ ! /r5g? or c\rage to atta9 x is tantam\nt to suff]+ f a *ronic malady1 or poison+ ( body & s\l4 ,e?ics1 :i* takes only ! motive into acc\nt1 rates bo? cases alike3 p g5]ally e/imate ! fir/ case z ! wor/ 7because ( ! consequ5ces :i* ! de$ ( v5geance may entail74 ,bo? views are %ort sight$4 #fa ,ability to ,wait4--,ability to wait is s h>d to acquire t great poets h n disda9$ to make inability to wait ! c5tral motive ( _! poems4 ,s ,%akespe>e 9 ,o!llo1 ,sophocles 9 ,ajax1 ^: suicide w\ld n h seem$ to him s imp]ative _h he only be5 able to cool 8 ardor = a day1 z ! oracle =ebod$3 app>5tly he w\ld !n h repuls$ some:at ! fe>ful :isp]s ( di/ract$ ?\ght & h said to himself3 ,:o has n already1 9 my situation1 mi/ak5 a %eep = a h]o8 is x s extraord9>y a ?+8 ,on ! contr>y x is some?+ univ]sally human3 ,ajax %\ld ?us h soo!d himself4 ,passion w n wait3 ! tragic elem5t 9 ! lives ( great m5 does n g5]ally consi/ 9 _! conflict ) "t & ! inf]iority ( _! fell[m5 b 9 _! inability to put (f _! "w a ye> or two3 !y _c wait4--,9 all duels1 ! fri5ds :o advise h b to asc]ta9 if ! pr9cipals c wait3 if ?is be n possible1 a duel is rational inasmu* z ea* ( ! combatants may say3 ei!r ,i cont9ue to live & ! o!r dies in/antly1 or vice v]sa4 ,to wait 9 su* circum/ances w\ld be equival5t to ! frightful m>tyrdom ( endur+ di%onor 9 ! pres5ce ( him responsible = ! di%onor3 & ?is c easily co/ m angui% ?an life is wor?4 #fb ,glutt+ ,rev5ge4--,co>se m51 :o feel a s5se ( injury1 are 9 ! habit ( rat+ ! ext5t ( _! injury z high z possible & ( /at+ ! occasion ( x 9 greatly exagg]at$ language1 9 ord] to be able to fea/ !mselves on ! s5tim5ts ( hatr$ & rev5ge ?us ar\s$4 #fc ,value ( ,disp>agem5t4--,n a few1 p]haps ! majority ( m51 f9d x necess>y1 9 ord] to reta9 _! self e/eem & a c]ta9 uprightness 9 conduct1 to m5tally disp>age & belittle all ! p !y "k4 ,b z ! inf]ior natures are 9 ! majority & z a great deal dep5ds ^u :e!r !y reta9 or lose ?is uprightness1 s-- #fd ,! ,man 9 a ,rage4--,we %\ld be on our gu>d aga9/ ! man :o is enrag$ aga9/ u1 z aga9/ "o :o has attempt$ our life1 = ! fact t we /ill live consi/s solely 9 ! inability to kill3 7 looks suffici5t1 x w\ld h be5 all up ) u long s9ce4 ,to r$uce anyone to sil5ce by physical manife/ations ( savag]y or by a t]roriz+ process is a relic ( "u civilization4 ,s1 too1 t cold look :i* great p]sonages ca/ ^u _! s]vitors is a remnant ( ! ca/e di/9ction betwe5 man & man2 a specim5 ( rude antiquity3 wom51 ! cons]v]s ( ! old1 h ma9ta9$ ?is survival1 too1 m p]fectly ?an m54 #fe ,:i!r ,hone/y ,may ,lead4--,someone once _h ! bad habit ( express+ himself ^u occasion1 & ) p]fect hone/y1 on ! subject ( ! motives ( 8 conduct1 :i* 7 z good or z bad z ! motives ( all m54 ,he ar\s$ fir/ disfavor1 !n suspicion1 became gradually ( ill repute & 0 pron\nc$ a p]son ( :om society %\ld bew>e1 until at la/ ! law took note ( su* a p]v]t$ be+ = reasons :i* usually h no weight ) x or to :i* x closes its eyes4 ,lack ( taciturnity conc]n+ :at is univ]sally held secret1 & an irresponsible pr$isposition to see :at no "o wants to see--oneself--br\ght him to prison & to e>ly dea?4 #ff ,puni%able1 n ,puni%$4--,our crime aga9/ crim9als consi/s 9 ! fact t we treat !m z rascals4 #fg ,sancta simplicitas ( ,virtue4--,e virtue has its privilege3 = example1 t ( contribut+ its own little bundle ( wood to ! fun]al pyre ( "o condemn$4 #fh ,morality & ,consequ5ce4--,n alone ! behold]s ( an act g5]ally e/imate ! e?ical or une?ical elem5t 9 x by ! result3 no1 ! "o :o p]=m$ ! act does ! same4 ,= ! motives & ! int5tions are seldom suffici5tly app>5t1 & amid !m ! memory itself seems to become cl\d$ by ! results ( ! act1 s t a man (t5 ascribes ! wrong motives to 8 acts or reg>ds ! remote motives z ! direct ones4 ,success (t5 imp>ts to an action all ! brilliance & honor ( good int5tion1 :ile failure ?r[s ! %ad[ ( consci5ce ov] ! mo/ e/imable de$s4 ,h5ce arises ! famili> maxim ( ! politician3 ,give me only success3 ) x ,i c w9 all ! noble s\ls ov] to my side--& make myself noble ev5 9 my own eyes4--,9 l mann] w success prove an excell5t sub/itute = a bett] argum5t4 ,to ?is v day _m well educat$ m5 ?9k ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ,greek philosophy is a pro( ( ! sup]ior tru? ( ! =m]--al?\gh 9 ?is case x 0 simply ! co>s] & m p[]ful t triumph$ ov] ! m delicate & intellectual4 ,z reg>ds sup]iority ( tru?1 x is evid5t t because ( x ! reviv+ sci5ces h connect$ !mselves1 po9t = po9t1 ) ! philosophy ( ,epicurus1 :ile ,*ri/ianity has1 po9t = po9t1 recoil$ f x4 #fi ,love & ,ju/ice4--,:y is love s highly priz$ at ! exp5se ( ju/ice & :y are su* beautiful ?+s spok5 ( ! =m] z if x 7 a f> high] entity ?an ! latt]8 ,is ! =m] n palpably a f> m /upid ?+ ?an ! latt]8--,c]ta9ly1 & on t v acc\nt s mu* ! m agreeable to ev]ybody3 x is bl9d & has a ri* horn ( pl5ty out ( :i* x di/ributes its gifts to ev]yone1 ev5 :5 !y are unm]it$1 ev5 :5 no ?anks are return$4 ,x is imp>tial l ! ra91 :i* accord+ to ! bible & exp]i5ce1 wets n alone ! unju/ b1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! j z well1 & to _! sk9s at t4 #gj ,execution4--,h[ comes x t e execution causes u m pa9 ?an a murd]8 ,x is ! coolness ( ! execution]1 ! pa9ful prep>ation1 ! p]ception t "h a man is be+ us$ z an in/rum5t = ! intimidation ( o!rs4 ,= ! guilt is n puni%$ ev5 if !re be any3 ?is is ascribable to ! tea*]s1 ! p>5ts1 ! environm5t1 9 ourselves1 n 9 ! murd]]--,i mean ! pr$ispos+ circum/ances4 #ga ,hope4--,p&ora br\ght ! box conta9+ evils & op5$ x4 ,x 0 ! gift ( ! gods to m51 a gift ( mo/ entic+ appe>ance ext]nally & call$ ! box ( happ9ess4 ,!reupon all ! evils1 7liv+1 mov+ ?+s7 flew out3 f t "t to ! pres5t !y fly ab\t & d ill to m5 by day & night4 ,"o evil only did n fly out ( ! box3 ,p&ora %ut ! lid at ! behe/ ( ,zeus & x rema9$ inside4 ,n[ man has ?is box ( happ9ess p]petually 9 ! h\se & congratulates himself ^u ! treasure inside ( x2 x is at 8 s]vice3 he grasps x :5ev] he is s dispos$1 = he kn[s n t ! box :i* ,p&ora br\ght 0 a box ( evils4 ,h5ce he looks ^u ! "o evil /ill rema9+ z ! greate/ s\rce ( happ9ess--x is hope4--,zeus int5d$ t man1 not)/&+ ! evils oppress+ him1 %\ld cont9ue to live & n rid himself ( life1 b keep on mak+ himself mis]able4 ,= ?is purpose he be/[$ hope ^u man3 x is1 9 tru?1 ! greate/ ( evils = x l5g!ns ! ordeal ( man4 #gb ,degree ( ,moral ,susceptibility ,unkn[n4--,! fact t "o has or has n _h c]ta9 pr(\ndly mov+ impressions & insights into ?+s--= example1 an unju/ly execut$1 sla9 or m>tyr$ fa!r1 a fai?less wife1 a %att]+1 s]i\s accid5t1--is ! factor ^u :i* ! excitation ( our passions to :ite heat pr9cipally dep5ds1 z well z ! c\rse ( our :ole lives4 ,no "o kn[s to :at l5g?s circum/ances 7sympa?y1 emotion7 may lead him4 ,he does n "k ! full ext5t ( 8 own susceptibility4 ,wret*$ environm5t makes him wret*$4 ,x is z a rule n ! quality ( our exp]i5ce b its quantity ^u :i* dep5ds ! developm5t ( our sup]iority or inf]iority1 f ! po9t ( view ( good & evil4 #gc ,! ,m>tyr ,aga9/ ,8 ,w4--,9 a c]ta9 movem5t !re 0 a man :o 0 too c[>dly & vacillat+ ev] to contradict 8 comrades4 ,he 0 made use ( 9 ea* em]g5cy1 e sacrifice 0 dem&$ ( him because he fe>$ ! disfavor ( 8 comrades m ?an he fe>$ dea?3 he 0 a petty1 abject _s4 ,!y p]ceiv$ ?is & ^u ! f\ndation ( ! qualities j m5tion$ !y elevat$ him to ! altitude ( a h]o1 & f9ally ev5 ( a m>tyr4 ,al?\gh ! c[>dly creature always inw>dly said ,no1 he always said ,yes ) 8 lips1 ev5 ^u ! scaffold1 :]e he di$ = ! t5ets ( 8 p>ty3 = beside him /ood "o ( 8 old associates :o s dom9e]$ him ) look & ^w t he actually w5t to 8 dea? ) ! utmo/ =titude & has ev] s9ce be5 celebrat$ z a m>tyr & exalt$ "*4 #gd ,g5]al ,/&>d4--,"o w r>ely err if extreme actions be ascrib$ to vanity1 ord9>y actions to habit & mean actions to fe>4 #ge ,misund]/&+ ( ,virtue4--,:oev] has obta9$ 8 exp]i5ce ( vice 9 connection ) pleasure z 9 ! case ( "o ) a y\? ( wild oats beh9d him1 comes to ! conclusion t virtue mu/ be connect$ ) self d5ial4 ,:oev]1 on ! o!r h&1 has be5 v mu* plagu$ by 8 passions & vices1 longs to f9d 9 virtue ! re/ & peace ( ! s\l4 ,t is :y x is possible = two virtu\s p to misund]/& "o ano!r :olly4 #gf ,! ,ascetic4--,! ascetic makes out ( virtue a slav]y4 #gg ,honor ,transf]r$ f ,p]sons to ,?+s4--,actions prompt$ by love or by ! _s ( self sacrifice = o!rs are univ]sally honor$ :]ev] !y are manife/4 ,h5ce is magnifi$ ! value set ^u :atev] ?+s may be lov$ or :atev] ?+s conduce to self sacrifice3 al?\gh 9 !mselves !y may be wor? no?+ mu*4 ,a valiant army is evid5ce ( ! value ( ! ?+ x fights =4 #gh ,ambition a ,sub/itute = ,moral ,feel+4--,moral feel+ %\ld nev] become ext9ct 9 natures t are de/itute ( ambition4 ,! ambiti\s c get along )\t moral feel+ j z well z ) x4--,h5ce ! sons ( retir$1 ambitionless families1 g5]ally become by a s]ies ( rapid gradations1 :5 !y lose moral feel+1 ! mo/ absolute lunkheads4 #gi ,vanity ,enri*es4--,h[ poor ! human m9d w\ld be )\t vanity6 ,z x is1 x resembles a well /ack$ & ev] r5ew$ w>e-emporium t attracts buy]s ( e class3 !y c f9d almo/ ev]y?+1 h almo/ ev]y?+1 provid$ !y br+ ) !m ! "r k9d ( money--admiration4 #hj ,s5ility & ,dea?4--,ap>t f ! dem&s made by religion1 x may well be ask$ :y x is m honorable 9 an ag$ man1 :o feels ! decl9e ( 8 p[]s1 to await sl[ ext9ction ?an to fix a t]m to 8 exi/5ce himself8 ,suicide 9 su* a case is a q natural & due proce$+ t ought to comm& respect z a triumph ( reason3 & did 9 fact comm& respect dur+ ! times ( ! ma/]s ( ,greek philosophy & ! brave/ ,roman patriots1 :o usually di$ by _! own h&4 ,eag]ness1 on ! o!r h&1 to keep alive f day to day ) ! anxi\s c\nsel ( physicians1 )\t capacity to atta9 any ne>] to "o's ideal ( life1 is f> less wor?y ( respect4--,religions are v ri* 9 refuges f ! m&ate ( suicide3 h5ce !y +ratiate !mselves ) ^? :o cl+ to life4 #ha ,delusions ,reg>d+ ,victim & ,reg>d+ ,evil ,do]4--,:5 ! ri* man takes a possession away f ! poor man 7= example1 a pr9ce :o deprives a plebeian ( 8 belov$7 !re arises 9 ! m9d ( ! poor man a delusion3 he ?9ks ! ri* man mu/ be :olly p]v]t$ to take f him ! little t he has4 ,b ! ri* man appreciates ! value ( a s+le possession mu* less because he is accu/om$ to _m possessions1 s t he _c put himself 9 ! place ( ! poor man & does n act by any means z ill z ! latt] supposes4 ,bo? h a totally false idea ( ea* o!r4 ,! iniquities ( ! mighty :i* bulk mo/ l>gely 9 hi/ory are n ne>ly s mon/r\s z !y seem4 ,! h]$it>y consci\sness ( be+ a sup]ior be+ ) sup]ior environm5t r5d]s "o v call\s & lulls ! consci5ce to re/4 ,we all feel1 :5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ourselves & "s o!r be+ is exce$+ly great1 t no elem5t ( inju/ice c be involv$1 & we kill a fly ) no qualms ( consci5ce :atev]4 ,s1 too1 x is no indication ( wick$ness 9 ,x]xes 7:om ev5 ! ,greeks repres5t z exceptionally noble7 t he depriv$ a fa!r ( 8 son & _h him drawn & qu>t]$ because ! latt] _h manife/$ a tr\blesome1 om9\s di/ru/ ( an entire exp$ition3 ! individual 0 9 ?is case bru%$ aside z a pe/if]\s insect4 ,he 0 too l[ & mean to ju/ify cont9u$ s5tim5ts ( compunction 9 ! rul] ( ! _w4 ,inde$ no cruel man is ev] z cruel1 9 ! ma91 z 8 victim ?9ks4 ,! idea ( pa9 is nev] ! same z ! s5sation4 ,! rule is precisely analog\s 9 ! case ( ! unju/ judge1 & ( ! j\rnali/ :o by means ( devi\s rhetorical me?ods1 leads public op9ion a/ray4 ,cause & effect are 9 all ^! in/ances entw9$ ) totally diff]5t s]ies ( feel+ & ?\ghts1 :]eas x is unconsci\sly assum$ t pr9cipal & victim feel & ?9k exactly alike1 & because ( ?is assumption ! guilt ( ! "o is bas$ ^u ! pa9 ( ! o!r4 #hb ,! ,s\l's ,sk94--,z ! bones1 fle%1 entrails & blood vessels are enclos$ by a sk9 t r5d]s ! aspect ( m5 endurable1 s ! impulses & passions ( ! s\l are enclos$ by vanity3 x is ! sk9 ( ! s\l4 #hc ,sleep ( ,virtue4--,if virtue goes to sleep1 x w be m vigor\s :5 x awakes4 #hd ,subtlety ( ,%ame4--,m5 are n a%am$ ( obsc5e ?\ghts1 b !y are a%am$ :5 !y suspect t obsc5e ?\ghts are attribut$ to !m4 #he ,naught9ess ,is ,r>e4--,mo/ p are too mu* absorb$ 9 !mselves to be bad4 #hf ,! ,mite 9 ! ,balance4--,we are prais$ or blam$1 z ! "o or ! o!r may be exp$i5t1 = display+ to advantage our p[] ( disc]nm5t4 #hg ,luke #ah3ad ,improv$4--,he t humble? himself wi%e? to be exalt$4 #hh ,prev5tion ( ,suicide4--,!re is a ju/ice accord+ to :i* we may deprive a man ( life1 b none t p]mits u to deprive him ( dea?3 ?is is m]ely cruelty4 #hi ,vanity4--,we set /ore by ! good op9ion ( m51 fir/ because x is ( use to u & next because we wi% to give !m pleasure 7*ildr5 _! p>5ts1 pupils _! tea*]1 & well dispos$ p]sons all o!rs g5]ally74 ,only :5 ! good op9ion ( m5 is important to somebody1 ap>t f p]sonal advantage or ! desire to give pleasure1 d we speak ( vanity4 ,9 ?is la/ case1 a man wants to give himself pleasure1 b at ! exp5se ( 8 fell[ creatures1 inasmu* z he inspires !m ) a false op9ion ( himself or else inspires good op9ion 9 su* a way t x is a s\rce ( pa9 to o!rs 7by ar\s+ envy74 ,! individual g5]ally seeks1 ?r\gh ! op9ion ( o!rs1 to atte/ & =tify ! op9ion he has ( himself2 b ! pot5t influ5ce ( au?ority--an influ5ce z old z man himself--leads _m1 also1 to /r5g!n _! own op9ion ( !mselves by means ( au?ority1 t is1 to borr[ f o!rs ! exp$i5t ( rely+ m ^u ! judgm5t ( _! fell[ m5 ?an ^u _! own4--,int]e/ 9 oneself1 ! wi% to please oneself atta9s1 ) ! va9 man1 su* proportions t he fir/ misleads o!rs into a false1 unduly exalt$ e/imate ( himself & !n relies ^u ! au?ority ( o!rs = 8 self e/imate2 he ?us creates ! delusion t he p9s 8 fai? to4--,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$ t ! va9 man does n desire to please o!rs s mu* z himself & he w (t5 g s f>1 on ?is acc\nt1 z to ov]look 8 own int]e/s3 = he (t5 inspires 8 fell[ creatures ) malici\s envy & r5d]s !m ill dispos$ 9 ord] t he may ?us increase 8 own delight 9 himself4 #ij ,limits ( ! ,love ( ,mank9d4--,e man :o has decl>$ t "s o!r man is an ass or a sc\ndrel1 gets angry :5 ! o!r man conclusively %[s t ! ass]tion 0 errone\s4 #ia ,weep+ ,morality4--,h[ mu* delight morality occasions6 ,?9k ( ! ocean ( pleas+ te>s t has fl[$ f ! n>ration ( noble1 great-he>t$ de$s6--,?is *>m ( life w\ld disappe> if ! belief 9 complete irresponsibility ga9$ ! upp] h&4 #ib ,orig9 ( ,ju/ice4--,ju/ice 7reasonabl5ess7 has its orig9 among approximate equals 9 p[]1 z ,?ucydides 79 ! dreadful conf]5ces ( ! ,a!nian & ,melian envoys7 has rightly conceiv$4 ,?us1 :]e !re exi/s no demon/rable supremacy & a /ruggle leads b to mutual1 useless damage1 ! reflection arises t an und]/&+ w\ld be/ be arriv$ at & "s compromise ent]$ into4 ,! reciprocal nature is h5ce ! fir/ nature ( ju/ice4 ,ea* p>ty makes ! o!r cont5t inasmu* z ea* receives :at x prizes m highly ?an ! o!r4 ,ea* surr5d]s to ! o!r :at ! o!r wants & receives 9 return its own desire4 ,ju/ice is !re=e reprisal & ex*ange ^u ! basis ( an approximate equality ( p[]4 ,?us rev5ge p]ta9s orig9ally to ! doma9 ( ju/ice z x is a sort ( reciprocity4 ,equally s1 gratitude4--,ju/ice rev]ts naturally to ! /&po9t ( self pres]vation1 !re=e to ! egoism ( ?is consid]ation3 :y %\ld ,i injure myself to no purpose & p]haps nev] atta9 my end8--,s mu* = ! orig9 ( ju/ice4 ,only because m51 ?r\gh m5tal habits1 h =gott5 ! orig9al motive ( s call$ j & rational acts1 & also because = ?\s&s ( ye>s *ildr5 h be5 br\ght to admire & imitate su* acts1 h !y gradually assum$ ! appe>ance ( be+ unegoti/ical4 ,^u ?is appe>ance is f\nd$ ! high e/imate ( !m1 :i*1 moreov]1 l all e/imates1 is cont9ually develop+1 = :atev] is highly e/eem$ is /riv5 =1 imitat$1 made ! object ( self sacrifice1 :ile ! m]it ( ! pa9 & emulation ?us exp5d$ is1 by ea* individual1 ascrib$ to ! ?+ e/eem$4--,h[ slightly moral w\ld ! _w appe> )\t =getfulness6 ,a poet c\ld say t ,god _h po/$ =getfulness z a s5t9el at ! portal ( ! temple ( human m]it6 #ic ,conc]n+ ! ,law ( ! ,weak]4--,:5ev] any p>ty1 = in/ance1 a besieg$ city1 yields to a /rong] p>ty1 "u /ipulat$ conditions1 ! c\nt] /ipulation is t !re be a r$uction to insignificance1 a burn+ & de/ruction ( ! city & ?us a great damage inflict$ ^u ! /rong] p>ty4 ,?us arises a sort ( equalization pr9ciple ^u ! basis ( :i* a law c be e/abli%$4 ,! enemy has an advantage to ga9 by its ma9t5ance4--,to ?is ext5t !re is also a law betwe5 slaves & ma/]s1 limit$ only by ! ext5t to :i* ! slave may be useful to 8 ma/]4 ,! law goes orig9ally only s f> z ! "o p>ty may appe> to ! o!r pot5t1 inv9cible1 /able1 & ! l4 ,to su* an ext5t1 !n1 ! weak] has rights1 b v limit$ ones4 ,h5ce ! fam\s dictum t ea* has z mu* law on 8 side z 8 p[] ext5ds 7or m accurately1 z 8 p[] is believ$ to ext5d74 #id ,! ,?ree ,phases ( ,morality ,hi!rto4--,x is ! fir/ evid5ce t ! animal has become human :5 8 conduct ceases to be bas$ ^u ! imm$iately exp$i5t1 b ^u ! p]man5tly useful2 :5 he has1 !re=e1 gr[n utilit>ian1 capable ( purpose4 ,?us is manife/$ ! fir/ rule ( reason4 ,a /ill high] /age is atta9$ :5 he regulates 8 conduct ^u ! basis ( honor1 by means ( :i* he ga9s ma/]y ( himself & surr5d]s 8 desires to pr9ciples2 ?is lifts him f> above ! phase 9 :i* he 0 actuat$ only by consid]ations ( p]sonal advantage z he und]/ood x4 ,he respects & wi%es to be respect$4 ,?is means t he compreh5ds utility z a ?+ dep5d5t ^u :at 8 op9ion ( o!rs is & _! op9ion ( him4 ,f9ally he regulates 8 conduct 7! highe/ phase ( morality hi!rto atta9$7 by 8 own /&>d ( m5 & ?+s4 ,he himself decides1 = himself & = o!rs1 :at is honorable & :at is useful4 ,he has become a law giv] to op9ion1 ^u ! basis ( 8 ev] high] develop+ conception ( ! utilit>ian & ! honorable4 ,k makes him capable ( plac+ ! highe/ utility1 7t is1 ! univ]sal1 endur+ utility7 be=e m]ely p]sonal utility1--( plac+ ennobl+ recognition ( ! endur+ & univ]sal be=e ! m]ely tempor>y3 he lives & acts z a collective individuality4 #ie ,e?ic ( ! ,develop$ ,individual4--,hi!rto ! altrui/ic has be5 look$ ^u z ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( moral conduct1 & x is manife/ t x 0 ! consid]ation ( univ]sal utility t prompt$ praise & recognition ( altrui/ic conduct4 ,mu/ n a radical dep>ture f ?is po9t ( view be imm95t1 n[ t x is be+ ev] m cle>ly p]ceiv$ t 9 ! mo/ p]sonal consid]ations ! mo/ g5]al welf>e is atta9$3 s t conduct inspir$ by ! mo/ p]sonal consid]ations ( advantage is j ! sort :i* has its orig9 9 ! pres5t conception ( morality 7z a univ]sal utilit>ianism78 ,to contemplate oneself z a complete p]sonality & be> ! welf>e ( t p]sonality 9 m9d 9 all t "o does--?is is productive ( bett] results ?an any sympa!tic susceptibility & conduct 9 behalf ( o!rs4 ,inde$ we all suff] f su* disp>agem5t ( our own p]sonalities1 :i* are at pres5t made to det]iorate f neglect4 ,capacity is1 9 fact1 divorc$ f our p]sonality 9 mo/ cases1 & sacrific$ to ! /ate1 to sci5ce1 to ! ne$y1 z if x 7 ! bad :i* des]v$ to be made a sacrifice4 ,n[1 we are will+ to labor = our fell[m5 b only to ! ext5t t we f9d our own highe/ advantage 9 s do+1 no m1 no less4 ,! :ole matt] dep5ds ^u :at may be und]/ood z "o's advantage3 ! crude1 undevelop$1 r\gh individualities w be ! v ones to e/imate x mo/ inadequately4 #if ,usage & ,e?ic4--,to be moral1 virtu\s1 praisewor?y means to yield ob$i5ce to anci5t law & h]$it>y usage4 ,:e!r ?is ob$i5ce be r5d]$ readily or ) difficulty is long immat]ial4 ,en\gh t x be r5d]$4 ,good f9ally comes to mean him :o acts 9 ! traditional mann]1 z a result ( h]$ity or natural disposition1 t is to say does :at is cu/om>y ) sc>cely an ef=t1 :atev] t may be 7= example rev5ges injuries :5 rev5ge1 z ) ! anci5t ,greeks1 0 "p ( good morals74 ,he is call$ good because he is good to "s purpose1 & z b5evol5ce1 sympa?y1 consid]at5ess1 mod]ation & ! l come1 9 ! g5]al c\rse ( conduct1 to be f9ally recogniz$ z good to "s purpose 7z utilit>ian7 ! b5evol5t man1 ! helpful man1 is duly /yl$ good4 7,at fir/ o!r & m important k9ds ( utilit>ian qualities /& 9 ! =egr\nd47 ,bad is n habitual 7unusual71 to d ?+s n 9 accordance ) usage1 to oppose ! traditional1 h[ev] rational or ! rev]se ! traditional may be4 ,to d injury to "o's social gr\p or community 7& to "o's neighbor z ?us und]/ood7 is look$ ^u1 ?r\gh all ! v>iations ( moral laws1 9 diff]5t ages1 z ! peculi>ly immoral act1 s t to-day we associate ! ^w bad ) delib]ate injury to "o's neighbor or community4 ,egoi/ic & non-egoi/ic d n con/itute ! fundam5tal opposites t h br\ght mank9d to make a di/9ction betwe5 moral & immoral1 good & bad2 b adh]5ce to traditional cu/om1 & emancipation f x4 ,h[ ! traditional _h its orig9 is q immat]ial2 9 any ev5t x _h no ref]5ce to good & bad or any categorical imp]ative b to ! all important end ( ma9ta9+ & su/a9+ ! community1 ! race1 ! conf$]ation1 ! nation4 ,e sup]/iti\s cu/om t orig9at$ 9 a mis9t]pret$ ev5t or casualty entail$ "s tradition1 to adh]e to :i* is moral4 ,to break loose f x is dang]\s1 m prejudicial to ! community ?an to ! individual 7because div9ity visits ! consequ5ces ( impiety & sacrilege ^u ! community r ?an ^u ! individual74 ,n[ e tradition gr[s ev] m v5]able--! m remote is its orig91 ! m confus$ t orig9 is4 ,! rev]5ce due to x increases f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! tradition f9ally becomes holy & inspires awe4 ,?us x is t ! precept ( piety is a f> l(ti] morality ?an t inculcat$ by altrui/ic conduct4 #ig ,delight 9 ! ,moral4--,a pot5t species ( joy 7& !reby ! s\rce ( morality7 is cu/om4 ,! cu/om>y is done m easily1 bett]1 !re=e pref]ably4 ,a pleasure is felt 9 x & exp]i5ce ?us %[s t s9ce ?is practice has held its own x mu/ be good4 ,a mann] or moral t lives & lets live is ?us demon/rat$ advantage\s1 necess>y1 9 contradi/9ction to all new & n yet adopt$ practices4 ,! cu/om is !re=e ! bl5d+ ( ! agreeable & ! useful4 ,moreov] x does n require delib]ation4 ,z soon z man c ex]cise compulsion1 he ex]cises x to en=ce & e/abli% 8 cu/oms1 = !y are to him atte/$ lifewisdom4 ,s1 too1 a community ( individuals con/ra9s ea* "o ( _! numb] to adopt ! same moral or cu/om4 ,! error h]e9 is ?is3 ,because a c]ta9 cu/om has be5 agreeable to ! feel+s or at lea/ because x proves a means ( ma9t5ance1 ?is cu/om mu/ be imp]ative1 = x is reg>d$ z ! only ?+ t c possibly be consi/5t ) well be+4 ,! well be+ ( life seems to spr+ f x alone4 ,?is conception ( ! cu/om>y z a condition ( exi/5ce is c>ri$ into ! slighte/ detail ( morality4 ,inasmu* z insight into true causation is q re/rict$ 9 all inf]ior peoples1 a sup]/iti\s anxiety is felt t ev]y?+ be done 9 due r\t9e4 ,ev5 :5 a cu/om is exce$+ly burd5some x is pres]v$ because ( its suppos$ vital utility4 ,x is n kn[n t ! same degree ( satisfaction c be exp]i5c$ ?r\gh "s o!r cu/om & ev5 high] degrees ( satisfaction1 too4 ,b x is fully appreciat$ t all cu/oms d become m agreeable ) ! lapse ( "t1 no matt] h[ difficult !y may h be5 f\nd 9 ! beg9n+1 & t ev5 ! sev]e/ way ( life may be r5d]$ a matt] ( habit & !re=e a pleasure4 #ih ,pleasure & ,social ,in/9ct4--,?r\gh 8 relations ) o!r m51 man d]ives a new species ( delight 9 ^? pleasurable emotions :i* 8 own p]sonality af=ds him2 :]eby ! doma9 ( pleasurable emotions is made inf9itely m compreh5sive4 ,no d\bt he has inh]it$ _m ( ^! feel+s f ! brutes1 :i* palpably feel delight :5 !y sport ) "o ano!r1 z mo!rs ) _! "y4 ,s1 too1 ! sexual relations mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt3 !y make e "y woman int]e/+ to e "y man f ! /&po9t ( pleasure1 & conv]sely4 ,! feel+ ( pleasure orig9at+ 9 human relation%ips makes m5 9 g5]al bett]4 ,! delight 9 common1 ! pleasures enjoy$ toge!r height5 "o ano!r4 ,! individual feels a s5se ( security4 ,he becomes bett] natur$4 ,di/ru/ & malice dissolve4 ,= ! man feels ! s5se ( b5efit & obs]ves ! same feel+ 9 o!rs4 ,mutual manife/ations ( pleasure inspire mutual sympa?y1 ! s5tim5t ( homog5eity4 ,! same effect is felt also at mutual suff]+s1 9 a common dang]1 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,^u su* a f\ndation are built ! e>lie/ alliances3 ! object ( :i* is ! mutual protection & safety f ?reat5+ mis=tunes1 & ! welf>e ( ea* individual4 ,& ?us ! social in/9ct develops f pleasure4 #ii ,! ,guiltless ,nature ( ,s-,call$ ,bad ,acts4--,all bad acts are inspir$ by ! impulse to self pres]vation or1 m accurately1 by ! desire = pleasure & = ! avoidance ( pa9 9 ! individual4 ,?us are !y occasion$1 b !y are n1 !re=e1 bad4 ,pa9 self prep>$ does n exi/1 except 9 ! bra9s ( ! philosoph]s1 any m ?an pleasure self prep>$ 7sympa?y 9 ! ,s*op5hau] s5se74 ,9 ! condition ant]ior to ! /ate we kill ! creature1 be x man or ape1 t attempts to pluck ! fruit ( a tree be=e we pluck x ourselves %\ld we happ5 to be hungry at ! "t & mak+ = t tree3 z we w\ld d to-day1 s f> z ! brute is conc]n$1 if we 7 w&]+ 9 savage regions4--,! bad acts :i* mo/ di/urb u at pres5t d s because ( ! errone\s supposition t ! "o :o is guilty ( !m t[>ds u has a free w 9 ! matt] & t x 0 )9 8 discretion n to h done ^! evil ?+s4 ,?is belief 9 discretion>y p[] inspires hate1 ?ir/ = rev5ge1 malice1 ! entire p]v]sion ( ! m5tal processes1 :]eas we w\ld feel 9 no way inc5s$ aga9/ ! brute1 z we hold x irresponsible4 ,to inflict pa9 n f ! in/9ct ( self pres]vation b 9 requital--?is is ! consequ5ce ( false judgm5t & is equally a guiltless c\rse ( conduct4 ,! individual c1 9 t condition :i* is ant]ior to ! /ate1 act ) fi]c5ess & viol5ce = ! intimidation ( ano!r creature1 9 ord] to r5d] 8 own p[] m secure z a result ( su* acts ( intimidation4 ,?us acts ! p[]ful1 ! sup]ior1 ! orig9al /ate f\nd]1 :o subjugates ! weak]4 ,he has ! "r to d s1 z ! /ate n[adays assumes ! same "r1 or1 to be m accurate1 !re is no "r t c conflict ) ?is4 ,a f\ndation = all morality c fir/ be laid only :5 a /rong] individuality or a collective individuality1 = example society1 ! /ate1 subjects ! s+le p]sonalities1 h5ce builds ^u _! unification & e/abli%es a bond ( union4 ,morality results f compulsion1 x is inde$ itself "o long compulsion to :i* ob$i5ce is r5d]$ 9 ord] t pa9 may be avoid$4 ,at fir/ x is b cu/om1 lat] free ob$i5ce & f9ally almo/ in/9ct4 ,at la/ x is 7l ev]y?+ habitual & natural7 associat$ ) pleasure--& is !n call$ virtue4 #ajj ,%ame4--,%ame exi/s :]ev] a my/]y exi/s3 b ?is is a religi\s notion :i* 9 ! e>li] p]iod ( human civilization _h great vogue4 ,ev]y:]e !re 7 circumscrib$ spots to :i* access 0 d5i$ on acc\nt ( "s div9e law1 except 9 special circum/ances4 ,at fir/ ^! spots 7 q ext5sive1 inasmu* z /ipulat$ areas c\ld n be trod by ! un9itiat$1 :o1 :5 ne> !m1 felt tremors & anxieties4 ,?is s5tim5t 0 frequ5tly transf]r$ to o!r relation%ips1 = example to sexual relations1 :i*1 z ! privilege & gateway ( mature age1 mu/ be )drawn f ! contemplation ( y\? = its own advantage3 relations :i* _m div9ities 7 busy 9 pres]v+ & sanctify+1 images ( :i* div9ities 7 duly plac$ 9 m>ital *amb]s z gu>dians4 7,9 ,turki% su* an ap>tm5t is t]m$ a h>em or holy ?+1 ! same ^w also designat+ ! ve/ibule ( a mosque74 ,s1 too1 ,k+%ip is reg>d$ z a c5tre f :i* p[] & brilliance /ream =?1 z a my/]y to ! subjects1 impregnat$ ) secrecy & %ame1 s5tim5ts /ill q op]ative among peoples :o 9 o!r respects are )\t any %ame at all4 ,s1 too1 is ! :ole _w ( inw>d /ates1 ! s-call$ s\l1 ev5 n[1 = all non-philosophical p]sons1 a my/]y1 & dur+ c\ntless ages x 0 look$ ^u z a some?+ ( div9e orig91 9 direct communion ) deity4 ,x is1 !re=e1 an adytum & occasions %ame4 #aja ,judge ,n4--,c>e mu/ be tak51 9 ! contemplation ( e>li] ages1 t !re be no fall+ into unju/ scornfulness4 ,! inju/ice 9 slav]y1 ! cruelty 9 ! subjugation ( p]sons & peoples mu/ n be e/imat$ by our /&>d4 ,= 9 t p]iod ! in/9ct ( ju/ice 0 n s highly develop$4 ,:o d>e reproa* ! ,g5oese ,calv9 = burn+ ! physician ,s]vetus at ! /ake8 ,x 0 a proce$+ gr[+ out ( 8 convictions4 ,& ! ,inquisition1 too1 _h its ju/ification4 ,! only ?+ is t ! prevail+ views 7 false & l$ to ^? proce$+s :i* seem s cruel to u1 simply because su* views h become =eign to u4 ,besides1 :at is ! burn+ alive ( "o individual comp>$ ) et]nal hell pa9s = ev]ybody else8 ,& yet ?is idea !n _h hold ( all ! _w )\t 9 ! lea/ vitiat+1 ) its frightfulness1 ! o!r idea ( a god4 ,ev5 we n[adays are h>d & m]ciless to political revolutioni/s1 b t is because we are 9 ! habit ( believ+ ! /ate a necessity1 & h5ce ! cruelty ( ! proce$+ is n s mu* und]/ood z 9 ! o!r cases :]e ! po9ts ( view are repudiat$4 ,! cruelty to animals %[n by *ildr5 & ,italians is due to ! same misund]/&+4 ,! animal1 ow+ to ! exig5cies ( ! *ur* cate*ism1 is plac$ too f> bel[ ! level ( mank9d4--,mu*1 too1 t is frightful & inhuman 9 hi/ory1 & :i* is almo/ incr$ible1 is r5d]$ less atroci\s by ! reflection t ! "o :o comm&s & ! "o :o executes are diff]5t p]sons4 ,! =m] does n witness ! p]=mance & h5ce x makes no /rong impression on him4 ,! latt] obeys a sup]ior & h5ce feels no responsibility4 ,mo/ pr9ces & milit>y *iefta9s appe>1 ?r\gh lack ( true p]ception1 cruel & h>d )\t really be+ s4--,egoism is n bad because ! idea ( ! neighbor--! ^w is ( ,*ri/ian orig9 & does n correspond to tru?--is v weak 9 u1 & we feel ourselves1 9 reg>d to him1 z free f responsibility z if plants & /ones 7 involv$4 ,t ano!r is 9 suff]+ mu/ be le>n$ & x c nev] be :olly le>n$4 #ajb ,man ,always ,does ,"r4--,we d n blame nature :5 %e s5ds a ?und] /orm & makes u wet3 :y !n d we t]m ! man :o inflicts injury immoral8 ,because 9 ! latt] case we assume a volunt>y1 rul+1 free w1 & 9 ! =m] necessity4 ,b ?is di/9ction is a delusion4 ,moreov]1 ev5 ! int5tional infliction ( injury is n1 9 all circum/ances t]m$ immoral4 ,?us1 we kill a fly int5tionally )\t ?9k+ v mu* ab\t x1 simply because its buzz+ ab\t is disagreeable2 & we puni% a crim9al & inflict pa9 ^u him 9 ord] to protect ourselves & society4 ,9 ! fir/ case x is ! individual :o1 = ! sake ( pres]v+ himself or 9 ord] to sp>e himself pa91 does injury ) design3 9 ! second case1 x is ! /ate4 ,all e?ic deems int5tional infliction ( injury ju/ifi$ by necessity2 t is :5 x is a matt] ( self pres]vation4 ,b ^! two po9ts ( view are suffici5t to expla9 all bad acts done by man to m54 ,x is desir$ to obta9 pleasure or avoid pa94 ,9 any s5se1 x is a "q1 always1 ( self pres]vation4 ,socrates & ,plato are "r3 :atev] man does he always does "r3 t is1 does :at seems to him good 7advantage\s7 accord+ to ! degree ( advancem5t 8 intellect has atta9$1 :i* is always ! measure ( 8 rational capacity4 #ajc ,! ,in(f5sive 9 ,badness4--,badness has n = its object ! infliction ( pa9 ^u o!rs b simply our own satisfaction z1 = in/ance1 9 ! case ( ?ir/ = v5geance or ( n]ve excitation4 ,e act ( teas+ %[s :at pleasure is caus$ by ! display ( our p[] ov] o!rs & :at feel+s ( delight are exp]i5c$ 9 ! s5se ( dom9ation4 ,is !re1 !n1 any?+ immoral 9 feel+ pleasure 9 ! pa9 ( o!rs8 ,is malici\s joy devili%1 z ,s*op5hau] says8 ,9 ! realm ( nature we feel joy 9 break+ b\ghs1 %att]+ rocks1 fight+ ) wild bea/s1 simply to atte/ our /r5g? !reby4 ,%\ld n ! k t ano!r suff]s on our acc\nt "h1 9 ?is case1 make ! same k9d ( act1 7:i*1 by ! way1 ar\ses no qualms ( consci5ce 9 u7 immoral also8 ,b if we _h n ?is k !re w\ld be no pleasure 9 "o's own sup]iority or p[]1 = ?is pleasure is exp]i5c$ only 9 ! suff]+ ( ano!r1 z 9 ! case ( teas+4 ,all pleasure is1 9 itself1 nei!r good nor bad4 ,:5ce comes ! conviction t "o %\ld n cause pa9 9 o!rs 9 ord] to feel pleasure oneself8 ,simply f ! /&po9t ( utility1 t is1 9 consid]ation ( ! consequ5ces1 ( ultimate pa91 s9ce ! injur$ p>ty or /ate w dem& satisfaction & rev5ge4 ,?is consid]ation alone c h l$ to ! det]m9ation to r5\nce su* pleasure4--,sympa?y has ! satisfaction ( o!rs 9 view no m ?an1 z already /at$1 badness has ! pa9 ( o!rs 9 view4 ,= !re are at lea/ two 7p]haps _m m7 elem5t>y +r$i5ts 9 p]sonal gratification :i* ent] l>gely into our self satisfaction3 "o ( !m be+ ! pleasure ( ! emotion1 ( :i* species is sympa?y ) trag$y1 & ano!r1 :5 ! impulse is to action1 be+ ! pleasure ( ex]cis+ "o's p[]4 ,%\ld a suff]] be v de> to u1 we dive/ ourselves ( pa9 by ! p]=mance ( acts ( sympa?y4--,) ! exception ( "s few philosoph]s1 m5 h plac$ sympa?y v l[ 9 ! rank ( moral feel+s3 & rightly4 #ajd ,self ,def5ce4--,if self def5ce is 9 g5]al held a valid ju/ification1 !n ne>ly e manife/ation ( s call$ immoral egoism mu/ be ju/ifi$1 too4 ,pa9 is inflict$1 robb]y or kill+ done 9 ord] to ma9ta9 life or to protect oneself & w>d (f h>m4 ,a man lies :5 cunn+ & delusion are valid means ( self pres]vation4 ,to injure int5tionally :5 our safety & our exi/5ce are involv$1 or ! cont9uance ( our well be+1 is conc$$ to be moral4 ,! /ate itself injures f ?is motive :5 x hangs crim9als4 ,9 un9t5tional injury ! immoral1 ( c\rse1 c n be pres5t1 z accid5t alone is involv$4 ,b is !re any sort ( int5tional injury 9 :i* our exi/5ce & ! ma9t5ance ( our well be+ be n involv$8 ,is !re su* a ?+ z injur+ f absolute badness1 = example1 9 ! case ( cruelty8 ,if a man does n "k :at pa9 an act occasions1 t act is n "o ( wick$ness4 ,?us ! *ild is n bad to ! animal1 n evil4 ,x di/urbs & r5ds x z if x 7 "o ( its play?+s4 ,does a man ev] fully "k h[ mu* pa9 an act may cause ano!r8 ,z f> z our n]v\s sy/em ext5ds1 we %ield ourselves f pa94 ,if x ext5d$ fur!r1 t is1 to our fell[ m51 we w\ld nev] cause anyone else any pa9 7except 9 su* cases z we cause x to ourselves1 :5 we cut ourselves1 surgically1 to heal our ills1 or /rive & tr\ble ourselves to ga9 heal?74 ,we conclude f analogy t some?+ pa9s somebody & c 9 consequ5ce1 ?r\gh recollection & ! p[] ( imag9ation1 feel pa9 also4 ,b :at a diff]5ce !re always is betwe5 ! too? a*e & ! pa9 7sympa?y7 t ! spectacle ( too? a*e occasions6 ,!re=e :5 injury is inflict$ f s call$ badness ! degree ( pa9 !reby exp]i5c$ is always unkn[n to u3 9 s f>1 h[ev]1 z pleasure is felt 9 ! act 7a s5se ( "o's own p[]1 ( "o's own excitation7 ! act is committ$ to ma9ta9 ! well be+ ( ! individual & h5ce comes "u ! purview ( self def5ce & ly+ = self pres]vation4 ,)\t pleasure1 !re is no life2 ! /ruggle = pleasure is ! /ruggle = life4 ,:e!r ! individual %all c>ry on ?is /ruggle 9 su* a way t he be call$ good or 9 su* a way t he be call$ bad is some?+ t ! /&>d & ! capacity ( 8 own intellect mu/ det]m9e = him4 #aje ,ju/ice t ,rew>ds4--,:oev] has fully und]/ood ! doctr9e ( absolute irresponsibility c no long] include ! s call$ rew>d+ & puni%+ ju/ice 9 ! idea ( ju/ice1 if ! latt] be tak5 to mean t to ea* be giv5 8 due4 ,= he :o is puni%$ does n des]ve ! puni%m5t4 ,he is us$ simply z a means to intimidate o!rs f c]ta9 acts4 ,equally1 he :o is rew>d$ does n m]it ! rew>d4 ,he c\ld n act any diff]5tly ?an he did act4 ,h5ce ! rew>d has only ! significance ( an enc\ragem5t to him & o!rs z a motive = subsequ5t acts4 ,! praise is call$ out only to him :o is runn+ 9 ! race & n to him :o has arriv$ at ! goal4 ,some?+ t comes to someone z 8 own is nei!r a puni%m5t nor a rew>d4 ,x is giv5 to him f utili>ian consid]ations1 )\t 8 hav+ any claim to x 9 ju/ice4 ,h5ce "o mu/ say ! wise man praises n because a good act has be5 done precisely z 0 once said3 ! wise man puni%es n because a bad act has be5 done b 9 ord] t a bad act may n be done4 ,if puni%m5t & rew>d ceas$1 !re w\ld cease ) !m ! mo/ p[]ful inc5tives to c]ta9 acts & away f o!r acts4 ,! purposes ( m5 dem& _! cont9uance ( puni%m5t & rew>d & inasmu* z puni%m5t & rew>d1 blame & praise op]ate mo/ pot5tly ^u vanity1 ^! same purposes ( m5 imp]atively require ! cont9uance ( vanity4 #ajf ,! ,wat] ,fall4--,at ! sight ( a wat] fall we may op9e t 9 ! c\ntless curves1 spirations & da%es ( ! waves we behold fre$om ( ! w & ( ! impulses4 ,b ev]y?+ is compulsory1 ev]y?+ c be ma!matically calculat$4 ,?us x is1 too1 ) human acts4 ,we w\ld be able to calculate 9 advance e s+le action if we 7 all kn[+1 z well z e advance 9 k1 e delusion1 e bad de$4 ,! act+ individual himself is held fa/ 9 ! illusion ( volition4 ,if1 on a sudd51 ! entire movem5t ( ! _w /opp$ %ort1 & an all kn[+ & reason+ intellig5ce 7 !re to take advantage ( ?is pause1 he c\ld =etell ! future ( e be+ to ! remote/ ages & indicate ! pa? t w\ld be tak5 9 ! _w's fur!r c\rse4 ,! deception ( ! act+ individual z reg>ds himself1 ! assumption ( ! fre$om ( ! w1 is a "p ( ?is computable me*anism4 #ajg ,non-,responsibility & ,non-,guilt4--,! absolute irresponsibility ( man = 8 acts & 8 nature is ! bitt]e/ drop 9 ! cup ( him :o has k1 if he be accu/om$ to behold 9 responsibility & duty ! pat5t ( nobility ( 8 human nature4 ,all 8 e/imates1 pref]5ces1 dislikes are ?us made wor?less & false4 ,8 deepe/ s5tim5t1 ) :i* he honor$ ! suff]]1 ! h]o1 sprang f an error4 ,he may no long] praise1 no long] blame1 = x is irrational to blame & praise nature & necessity4 ,j z he *]i%es ! beautiful "w ( art1 b does n praise x 7z x is incapable ( do+ any?+ = itself71 j z he /&s 9 ! pres5ce ( plants1 he mu/ /& 9 ! pres5ce ( human conduct1 8 own includ$4 ,he may admire /r5g?1 beauty1 capacity1 !re91 b he c disc]n no m]it4 ,! *emical process & ! conflict ( ! elem5ts1 ! ordeal ( ! invalid :o /rives = convalesc5ce1 are no m m]its ?an ! s\l-/ruggles & extremities 9 :i* "o is torn ?is way & t by cont5d+ motives until "o f9ally decides 9 favor ( ! /ronge/--z ! phrase has x1 al?\gh1 9 fact1 x is ! /ronge/ motive t decides = u4 ,all ^! motives1 h[ev]1 :atev] f9e names we may give !m1 h gr[n f ! same roots 9 :i* we believe ! baneful poisons lurk4 ,betwe5 good & bad actions !re is no diff]5ce 9 k9d b1 at mo/1 9 degree4 ,good acts are sublimat$ evil4 ,bad acts are degrad$1 imbrut$ good4 ,! v long+ ( ! individual = self gratification 7toge!r ) ! fe> ( be+ depriv$ ( x7 obta9s satisfaction 9 all circum/ances1 let ! individual act z he may1 t is1 z he mu/3 be x 9 de$s ( vanity1 rev5ge1 pleasure1 utility1 badness1 cunn+1 be x 9 de$s ( self sacrifice1 sympa?y or k4 ,! degrees ( rational capacity det]m9e ! direction 9 :i* ?is long+ impels3 e society1 e individual has con/antly pres5t a comp>ative classification ( b5efits 9 accordance ) :i* conduct is det]m9$ & o!rs are judg$4 ,b ?is /&>d p]petually *anges4 ,_m acts are call$ bad t are only /upid1 because ! degree ( intellig5ce t decid$ = !m 0 l[4 ,inde$1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 all acts n[ are /upid1 = ! highe/ degree ( human intellig5ce t has yet be5 atta9$ w 9 "t mo/ c]ta9ly be surpass$ & !n1 9 retrospection1 all our pres5t conduct & op9ion w appe> z n>r[ & petty z we n[ deem ! conduct & op9ion ( savage peoples & ages4--,to p]ceive all ^! ?+s may occasion pr(\nd pa9 b !re is1 nev]!less1 a consolation4 ,su* pa9s are bir? pa9s4 ,! butt]fly insi/s ^u break+ ?r\gh ! cocoon1 he presses ?r\gh x1 te>s x to pieces1 only to be bl9d$ & confus$ by ! /range light1 by ! realm ( lib]ty4 ,by su* m5 z are capable ( ?is sadness--h[ few !re are6--w ! fir/ attempt be made to see if humanity may conv]t itself f a ?+ ( morality to a ?+ ( wisdom4 ,! sun ( a new gospel %$s its fir/ ray ^u ! l(tie/ height 9 ! s\ls ( ^? few3 b ! cl\ds are mass$ !re1 too1 ?ick] ?an ev]1 & n f> ap>t are ! brighte/ sunlight & ! deepe/ gloom4 ,ev]y?+ is necessity--s says ! new k3 & ?is k is itself necessity4 ,all is guiltlessness1 & k is ! way to insight into ?is guiltlessness4 ,if pleasure1 egoism1 vanity be necess>y to atte/ ! moral ph5om5a & _! ri*e/ blooms1 ! in/9ct = tru? & accuracy ( k2 if delusion & confusion ( ! imag9ation 7 ! only means :]eby mank9d c\ld gradually lift itself up to ?is degree ( self enlight5m5t & self emancipation--:o w\ld v5ture to disp>age ! means8 ,:o w\ld h ! "r to feel sad if made aw>e ( ! goal to :i* ^? pa?s lead8 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! doma9 ( e?ic is evolv$1 *angeable1 tott]+2 all ?+s fl[1 x is true--b all ?+s are also 9 ! /ream3 to _! goal4 ,?\gh )9 u ! h]$it>y habit ( errone\s judgm5t1 love1 hate1 may be ev] dom9ant1 yet "u ! influ5ce ( awak+ k x w ev] become weak]3 a new habit1 t ( und]/&+1 n-lov+1 n-hat+1 look+ f above1 gr[s up )9 u gradually & 9 ! same soil1 & may1 p]haps1 9 ?\s&s ( ye>s be p[]ful en\gh to end[ mank9d ) capacity to develop ! wise1 guiltless man 7consci\s ( guiltlessness7 z unfail+ly z x n[ developes ! unwise1 irrational1 guilt-consci\s man--t is to say1 ! necess>y high] /ep1 n ! opposite ( x4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,life4 #ajh ,! ,d\ble ,conte/ ,aga9/ ,evil4--,if an evil afflicts u we c ei!r s deal ) x z to remove its cause or else s deal ) x t its effect ^u our feel+ is *ang$3 h5ce look ^u ! evil z a b5efit ( :i* ! uses w p]haps fir/ become evid5t 9 "s subsequ5t p]iod4 ,religion & art 7& also ! metaphysical philosophy7 /rive to effect an alt]ation ( ! feel+1 p>tly by an alt]ation ( our judgm5t respect+ ! exp]i5ce 7= example1 ) ! aid ( ! dictum :om ,god loves1 he *a/izes7 p>tly by ! awak5+ ( a joy 9 pa91 9 emotion especially 7:5ce ! art ( trag$y _h its orig974 ,! m "o is dispos$ to int]pret away & ju/ify1 ! less likely he is to look directly at ! causes ( evil & elim9ate !m4 ,an in/ant alleviation & n>cotiz+ ( pa91 z is usual 9 ! case ( too? a*e1 is suffici5t = him ev5 9 ! sev]e/ suff]+4 ,! m ! dom9ation ( religions & ( all n>cotic arts decl9es1 ! m se>*+ly d m5 look to ! elim9ation ( evil itself1 :i* is a r bad ?+ = ! tragic poets--= !re is ev] less & less mat]ial = trag$y1 s9ce ! doma9 ( unsp>+1 immutable de/9y gr[s con/antly m circumscrib$--& a /ill worse ?+ = ! prie/s1 = ^! la/ h liv$ h]et(ore ^u ! n>coticiz+ ( human ill4 #aji ,sorr[ is ,k4--,h[ will+ly w\ld n "o ex*ange ! false ass]tions ( ! hom9es religiosi t !re is a god :o comm&s u to be good1 :o is ! s5t9el & witness ( e act1 e mom5t1 e ?\ght1 :o loves u1 :o plans our welf>e 9 e mis=tune--h[ will+ly w\ld n "o ex*ange ^! = tru?s z heal+1 b5eficial & grateful z ^? delusions6 ,b !re are no su* tru?s4 ,philosophy c at mo/ set up 9 opposition to !m o!r metaphysical plausibilities 7fundam5tal untru?s z well74 ,! trag$y ( x all is t1 al?\gh "o _c believe ^! dogmas ( religion & metaphysics if "o adopts 9 he>t & head ! pot5t me?ods ( tru?1 "o has yet become1 ?r\gh human evolution1 s t5d]1 susceptible1 s5sitive1 z to /& 9 ne$ ( ! mo/ effective means ( re/ & consolation4 ,f ?is /ate ( ?+s arises ! dang] t1 ?r\gh ! p]ception ( tru? or1 m accurately1 see+ ?r\gh delusion1 "o may ble$ to dea?4 ,byron has put ?is into dea?less v]se3 ,sorr[ is k3 !y :o "k ! mo/ ,mu/ m\rn ! deepe/ o'er ! fatal tru?1 ,! tree ( k is n t ( life4 ,aga9/ su* c>es !re is no bett] protective ?an ! light fancy ( ,horace1 7at any rate dur+ ! d>ke/ h\rs & sun eclipses ( ! s\l7 express$ 9 ! words quid aet]nis m9orem consiliis animum fatigas8 cur non sub alta vel platano vel hac p9u jac5tes4#bb #bb ,!n :]e=e %\ld y1 :o are mortal1 outwe> ,y\r s\l ) a pr(itless burd5 ( c>e ,say1 :y %\ld we n1 flung at ease nea? ?is p9e1 ,or a plane-tree's broad umbrage1 quaff gaily our w9e8 7,translation ( ,sir ,!odore ,m>t947 ,at any rate1 light fancy or heavy he>t$ness ( any degree mu/ be bett] ?an a romantic retrogression & des]tion ( "o's flag1 an approa* to ,*ri/ianity 9 any =m3 = ) x1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( k1 "o c h no?+ to d )\t hopelessly defil+ "o's intellectual integrity & surr5d]+ x unconditionally4 ,^! woes may be pa9ful en\gh1 b )\t pa9 "o _c become a lead] & guide ( humanity3 & woe to him :o w\ld be su* & lacks ?is pure integrity ( ! intellect6 #aaj ,! ,tru? 9 ,religion4--,9 ! ages ( enlight5m5t ju/ice 0 n done to ! importance ( religion1 ( ?is !re c be no d\bt4 ,x is also equally c]ta9 t 9 ! ensu+ reaction ( enlight5m5t1 ! dem&s ( ju/ice 7 f> exce$$ inasmu* z religion 0 treat$ ) love1 ev5 ) infatuation & proclaim$ z a pr(\nd1 inde$ ! mo/ pr(\nd k ( ! _w1 :i* sci5ce _h b to dive/ ( its dogmatic g>b 9 ord] to possess tru? 9 its unmy?ical =m4 ,religions mu/ !re=e--?is 0 ! cont5tion ( all foes ( enlight5m5t--s5su allegorico1 ) reg>d = ! compreh5sion ( ! masses1 give expression to t anci5t tru? :i* is wisdom 9 itself1 inasmu* z all sci5ce ( mod]n times has l$ up to x in/ead ( away f x4 ,s t betwe5 ! mo/ anci5t wisdom ( man & all lat] wisdom !re prevails h>mony1 ev5 simil>ity ( viewpo9t2 & ! advancem5t ( k--if "o be dispos$ to conc$e su* a ?+--has to d n ) its nature b ) its propagation4 ,?is :ole conception ( religion & sci5ce is ?r\gh & ?r\gh errone\s1 & none w\ld to-day be h>dy en\gh to c\nt5ance x _h n ,s*op5hau]'s rhetoric tak5 x "u protection1 ?is high s\nd+ rhetoric :i* n[ ga9s auditors aft] ! lapse ( a g5]ation4 ,mu* z may be ga9$ f ,s*op5hau]'s religio-e?ical human & cosmical oracle z reg>ds ! compreh5sion ( ,*ri/ianity & o!r religions1 x is nev]!less c]ta9 t he err$ reg>d+ ! value ( religion to k4 ,he himself 0 9 ?is b a s]vile pupil ( ! sci5tific tea*]s ( 8 "t :o _h all tak5 romanticism "u _! protection & r5\nc$ ! _s ( enlight5m5t4 ,_h he be5 born 9 our own "t x w\ld h be5 impossible = him to h spok5 ( ! s5sus allegoricus ( religion4 ,he w\ld in/ead h done tru? ! ju/ice to say3 nev] has a religion1 directly or indirectly1 ei!r z dogma or z allegory1 conta9$ a tru?4 ,= all religions grew out ( dread or necessity1 & came into exi/5ce ?r\gh an error ( ! reason4 ,!y h1 p]haps1 9 times ( dang] f sci5ce1 incorporat$ "s philosophical doctr9e or o!r into _! sy/ems 9 ord] to make x possible to cont9ue "o's exi/5ce )9 !m4 ,b ?is is b a !ological "w ( art dat+ f ! "t 9 :i* a religion began to d\bt ( itself4 ,^! !ological feats ( art1 :i* are mo/ common 9 ,*ri/ianity z ! religion ( a le>n$ age1 impregnat$ ) philosophy1 h l$ to ?is sup]/ition ( ! s5sus allegoricus1 z has1 ev5 m1 ! habit ( ! philosoph]s 7namely ^? half-natures1 ! poetical philosoph]s & ! philosophis+ arti/s7 ( deal+ ) _! own feel+s z if !y con/itut$ ! fundam5tal nature ( humanity & h5ce ( giv+ _! own religi\s feel+s a pr$om9ant influ5ce ov] ! /ructure ( _! sy/ems4 ,z ! philosoph]s mo/ly philosophis$ "u ! influ5ce ( h]$it>y religi\s habits1 or at lea/ "u ! traditional influ5ce ( ?is metaphysical necessity1 !y naturally arriv$ at conclusions closely resembl+ ! ,judaic or ,*ri/ian or ,indian religi\s t5ets--resembl+1 9 ! way t *ildr5 are apt to look l _! mo!rs3 only 9 ?is case ! fa!rs 7 n c]ta9 z to ! mat]nity1 z easily happ5s--b 9 ! innoc5ce ( _! admiration1 !y fabl$ reg>d+ ! family lik5ess ( all religion & sci5ce4 ,9 reality1 !re exi/s betwe5 religion & true sci5ce nei!r relation%ip nor fri5d%ip1 n ev5 enmity3 !y dwell 9 diff]5t sph]es4 ,e philosophy t lets ! religi\s comet gleam ?r\gh ! d>kness ( its la/ outpo/s r5d]s ev]y?+ )9 x t purports to be sci5ce1 suspici\s4 ,x is all probably religion1 al?\gh x may assume ! guise ( sci5ce4--,moreov]1 ?\gh all ! peoples agree conc]n+ c]ta9 religi\s ?+s1 = example1 ! exi/5ce ( a god 7:i*1 by ! way1 z reg>ds ?is po9t1 is n ! case7 ?is fact w\ld con/itute an argum5t aga9/ ! ?+ agre$ ^u1 = example ! v exi/5ce ( a god4 ,! cons5sus g5tium & especially hom9um c probably am\nt only to an absurdity4 ,aga9/ x !re is no cons5sus omnium sapi5tium :atev]1 on any po9t1 ) ! exception ( :i* ,goe!'s v]se speaks3 ,all greate/ sages to all late/ ages ,w smile1 w9k & slily agree ',tis folly to wait till a fool's empty pate ,has le>n$ to be kn[+ & free4 ,s *ildr5 ( wisdom mu/ look ^u fools ,z creatures :o're nev] ! bett] = s*ools4 ,/at$ )\t rhyme or metre & adapt$ to our case3 ! cons5sus sapi5tium is to ! effect t ! cons5sus g5tium am\nts to an absurdity4 #aaa ,orig9 ( ,religi\s ,wor%ip4--,let u transport ourselves back to ! times 9 :i* religi\s life fl\ri%$ mo/ vigor\sly & we w f9d a fundam5tal conviction preval5t :i* we no long] %>e & :i* has result$ 9 ! clos+ ( ! door to religi\s life once = all s f> z we are conc]n$3 ?is conviction has to d ) nature & int]c\rse ) h]4 ,9 ^? times no?+ is yet kn[n ( nature's laws4 ,nei!r = e>? nor = heav5 is !re a mu/4 ,a season1 sun%9e1 ra9 c come or /ay away z x pleases4 ,!re is want+1 9 p>ticul>1 all idea ( natural causation4 ,if a man r[s1 x is n ! o> t moves ! boat1 b r[+ is a magical c]emony :]eby a demon is con/ra9$ to move ! boat4 ,all illness1 dea? itself1 is a consequ5ce ( magical influ5ces4 ,9 sickness & dea? no?+ natural is conceiv$4 ,! :ole idea ( natural c\rse is want+4 ,! idea dawns fir/ ^u ! anci5t ,greeks1 t is to say 9 a v late p]iod ( humanity1 9 ! conception ( a ,moira fate rul+ ov] ! gods4 ,if any p]son %oots (f a b[1 !re is always an irrational /r5g? & ag5cy 9 ! act4 ,if ! wells sudd5ly run dry1 ! fir/ ?\ght is ( subt]ranean demons & _! pranks4 ,x mu/ h be5 ! d>t ( a god b5ea? ^: invisible influ5ce a human be+ sudd5ly collapses4 ,9 ,india1 ! c>p5t] 7accord+ to ,lubbock7 is 9 ! habit ( mak+ dev\t (f]+s to 8 hamm] & hat*et4 ,a ,brahm9 treats ! plume ) :i* he writes1 a soldi] ! weapon t he takes into ! field1 a mason 8 tr[el1 a labor] 8 pl[1 9 ! same way4 ,all nature is1 9 ! op9ion ( religi\s p1 a sum total ( ! do+s ( consci\s & will+ be+s1 an imm5se mass ( complex volitions4 ,9 reg>d to all t takes place outside ( u no conclusion is p]missible t any?+ w result ?us & s1 mu/ result ?us & s1 t we are comp>atively calculable & c]ta9 9 our exp]i5ces1 t man is ! rule1 nature ! ruleless4 ,?is view =ms ! fundam5tal conviction t dom9ates crude1 religion-produc+1 e>ly civilizations4 ,we contempor>y m5 feel exactly ! opposite3 ! ri*] man n[ feels himself inw>dly1 ! m polyphone ! music & ! s\nd+ ( 8 s\l1 ! m p[]fully does ! uni=mity ( nature impress him4 ,we all1 ) ,goe!1 recognize 9 nature ! great means ( repose = ! s\l4 ,we li/5 to ! p5dulum /roke ( ?is great clock ) long+ = re/1 = absolute calm & quiesc5ce1 z if we c\ld dr9k 9 ! uni=mity ( nature & !reby arrive fir/ at an enjoym5t ( oneself4 ,=m]ly x 0 ! rev]se3 if we c>ry ourselves back to ! p]iods ( crude civilization1 or if we contemplate contempor>y savages1 we w f9d !m mo/ /rongly influ5c$ by rule1 by tradition4 ,! individual is almo/ automatically b\nd to rule & tradition & moves ) ! uni=mity ( a p5dulum4 ,to him nature--! uncompreh5d$1 fe>ful1 my/]i\s nature--mu/ seem ! doma9 ( fre$om1 ( volition1 ( high] p[]1 inde$ z an ultra-human degree ( de/9y1 z god4 ,e individual 9 su* p]iods & circum/ances feels t 8 exi/5ce1 8 happ9ess1 ! exi/5ce & happ9ess ( ! family1 ! /ate1 ! success or failure ( e und]tak+1 mu/ dep5d ^u ^! dispositions ( nature4 ,c]ta9 natural ev5ts mu/ occur at ! prop] "t & c]ta9 o!rs mu/ n occur4 ,h[ c influ5ce be ex]cis$ ov] ?is fe>ful unkn[n1 h[ c ?is doma9 ( fre$om be br\ght "u subjection8 ?us he asks himself1 ?us he worries3 ,is !re no means to r5d] ^! p[]s ( nature z subject to rule & tradition z y are y\rself8--,! cogitation ( ! sup]/iti\s & magic-delud$ man is ^u ! !me ( impos+ a law ^u nature3 & to put x briefly1 religi\s wor%ip is ! result ( su* cogitation4 ,! problem :i* is pres5t to e man is closely connect$ ) ?is "o3 h[ c ! weak] p>ty dictate laws to ! /rong]1 control its acts 9 ref]5ce to ! weak]8 ,at fir/ ! mo/ h>mless =m ( influ5ce is recollect$1 t influ5ce :i* is acquir$ :5 ! p>tiality ( anyone has be5 won4 ,?r\gh besee*+ & pray]1 ?r\gh abject humiliation1 ?r\gh obligations to regul> gifts & propitiations1 ?r\gh flatt]+ homages1 x is possible1 !re=e1 to impose "s guidance ^u ! =ces ( nature1 to ! ext5t t _! p>tiality be won3 love b9ds & is b\nd4 ,!n agreem5ts c be ent]$ into by means ( :i* c]ta9 c\rses ( conduct are mutually conclud$1 v[s are made & au?orities prescrib$4 ,b f> m pot5t is t species ( p[] ex]cis$ by means ( magic & incantation4 ,z a man is able to injure a p[]ful enemy by means ( ! magician & r5d] him helpless ) fe>1 z ! love potion op]ates at a di/ance1 s c ! mighty =ces ( nature1 9 ! op9ion ( weak] mank9d1 be controll$ by simil> means4 ,! pr9cipal means ( effect+ incantations is to acquire control ( some?+ belong+ to ! p>ty to be influ5c$1 hair1 f+] nails1 food f 8 table1 ev5 8 picture or 8 "n4 ,) su* app>atus x is possible to act by means ( magic1 = ! basic pr9ciple is t to ev]y?+ spiritual corresponds some?+ corporeal4 ,) ! aid ( ?is corporeal elem5t ! _s may be b\nd1 injur$ or de/roy$4 ,! corporeal af=ds ! h&le by :i* ! spiritual c be laid hold (4 ,9 ! same way t man influ5ces mank9d does he influ5ces "s _s ( nature1 = ?is latt] has also its corporeal elem5t t c be grasp$4 ,! tree1 & on ! same basis1 ! se$ f :i* x grew3 ?is puzzl+ sequ5ce seems to demon/rate t 9 bo? =ms ! same _s is embodi$1 n[ l>ge1 n[ small4 ,a /one t sudd5ly rolls1 is ! body 9 :i* ! _s works4 ,does a huge b\ld] lie 9 a lonely moor8 ,x is impossible to ?9k ( mortal p[] hav+ plac$ x !re4 ,! /one mu/ h mov$ itself !re4 ,t is to say "s _s mu/ dom9ate x4 ,ev]y?+ t has a body is subject to magic1 includ+1 !re=e1 ! spirits ( nature4 ,if a god is directly connect$ ) 8 portrait1 a direct influ5ce 7by refra9+ f dev\t (f]+s1 by :ipp+s1 *a9+s & ! l7 c be br\ght to be> ^u him4 ,! l[] classes 9 ,*9a tie cords ar\nd ! picture ( _! god 9 ord] to defy 8 dep>t+ favor1 :5 he has left !m 9 ! lur*1 & te> ! picture to pieces1 drag x ?r\gh ! /reets into dung heaps & gutt]s1 cry+3 ,y dog ( a _s1 we h\s$ y 9 a beautiful temple1 we gild$ y prettily1 we f$ y well1 we br\ght y (f]+s1 & yet h[ ungrateful y are6 ,simil> displays ( res5tm5t h be5 made aga9/ pictures ( ! "m ( god & pictures ( sa9ts 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries dur+ ! pres5t c5tury :5 su* pictures w\ld n d _! duty dur+ times ( pe/il5ce & dr\ght4 ,?r\gh all ^! magical relation%ips to nature c\ntless c]emonies are occasion$1 & f9ally1 :5 _! complexity & confusion gr[ too great1 pa9s are tak5 to sy/ematize !m1 to arrange !m s t ! favorable c\rse ( nature's progress1 namely ! great ye>ly circle ( ! seasons1 may be br\ght ab\t by a correspond+ c\rse ( ! c]emonial progress4 ,! aim ( religi\s wor%ip is to influ5ce nature to human advantage1 & h5ce to in/il a subjection to law into h] t orig9ally %e has n1 :]eas at pres5t man desires to f9d out ! subjection to law ( nature 9 ord] to guide himself !reby4 ,9 brief1 ! sy/em ( religi\s wor%ip re/s ^u ! idea ( magic betwe5 man & man1 & ! magician is old] ?an ! prie/4 ,b x re/s equally ^u o!r & high] ideas4 ,x br+s into prom95ce ! sympa!tic relation ( man to man1 ! exi/5ce ( b5evol5ce1 gratitude1 pray]1 ( truces betwe5 enemies1 ( loans ^u security1 ( arrangem5ts = ! protection ( prop]ty4 ,man1 ev5 9 v inf]ior degrees ( civilization1 does n /& 9 ! pres5ce ( nature z a helpless slave1 he is n willy-nilly ! absolute s]vant ( nature4 ,9 ! ,greek developm5t ( religion1 especially 9 ! relation%ip to ! ,olympian gods1 x becomes possible to ent]ta9 ! idea ( an exi/5ce side by side ( two ca/es1 a high]1 m p[]ful1 & a l[]1 less p[]ful3 b bo? are b\nd toge!r 9 "s way1 on acc\nt ( _! orig9 & are "o species4 ,!y ne$ n be a%am$ ( "o ano!r4 ,?is is ! elem5t ( di/9ction 9 ,greek religion4 #aab ,at ! ,contemplation ( ,c]ta9 ,anci5t ,sacrificial ,proce$+s4--,h[ _m s5tim5ts are lo/ to u is manife/ 9 ! union ( ! f>cical1 ev5 ( ! obsc5e1 ) ! religi\s feel+4 ,! feel+ t ?is mixture is possible is becom+ ext9ct4 ,we realize ! mixture only hi/orically1 9 ! my/]ies ( ,demet] & ,dionysos & 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,ea/] fe/ivals & religi\s my/]ies4 ,b we /ill p]ceive ! sublime 9 connection ) ! ridicul\s1 & ! l1 ! emotional ) ! absurd4 ,p]haps a lat] age w be unable to und]/& ev5 ^! comb9ations4 #aac ,*ri/ianity z ,antiquity4--,:5 on a ,sunday morn+ we he> ! old bells r++1 we ask ourselves3 ,is x possible8 ,all ?is = a ,jew crucifi$ two ?\s& ye>s ago :o said he 0 ,god's son8 ,! pro( ( su* an ass]tion is lack+4--,c]ta9ly1 ! ,*ri/ian religion con/itutes 9 our "t a protrud+ bit ( antiquity f v remote ages & t its ass]tions are /ill g5]ally believ$--al?\gh m5 h become s ke5 9 ! scrut9y ( claims--con/itutes ! olde/ relic ( ?is inh]itance4 ,a god :o begets *ildr5 by a mortal woman2 a sage :o dem&s t no m "w be done1 t no m ju/ice be adm9i/]$ b t ! signs ( ! approa*+ end ( ! _w be he$$2 a sy/em ( ju/ice t accepts an innoc5t z a vic>i\s sacrifice 9 ! place ( ! guilty2 a p]son :o bids 8 disciples dr9k 8 blood2 pray]s = miracles2 s9s aga9/ a god expiat$ ^u a god2 fe> ( a h]eaft] to :i* dea? is ! portal2 ! figure ( ! cross z a symbol 9 an age t no long] kn[s ! purpose & ! ignom9y ( ! cross--h[ gho/ly all ^! ?+s flit be=e u out ( ! grave ( _! primitive antiquity6 ,is "o to believe t su* ?+s c /ill be believ$8 #aad ,! ,un-,greek 9 ,*ri/ianity4--,! ,greeks did n look ^u ! ,hom]ic gods above !m z lords nor ^u !mselves b5ea? z s]vants1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,jews4 ,!y saw b ! c\nt]p>t z 9 a mirror ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5s ( _! own ca/e1 h5ce an ideal1 b no contradiction ( _! own nature4 ,!re 0 a feel+ ( mutual relation%ip1 result+ 9 a mutual int]e/1 a sort ( alliance4 ,man ?9ks well ( himself :5 he gives himself su* gods & places himself 9 a relation%ip ak9 to t ( ! l[] nobility ) ! high]2 :]eas ! ,italian races h a decid$ly vulg> religion1 involv+ p]petual anxiety because ( bad & mis*iev\s p[]s & s\l di/urb]s4 ,:]ev] ! ,olympian gods rec$$ into ! backgr\nd1 !re ev5 ,greek life became gloomi] & m p]turb$4--,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 oppress$ & degrad$ humanity completely & sank x into deepe/ mire3 into ! feel+ ( utt] abasem5t x sudd5ly fla%$ ! gleam ( div9e compassion1 s t ! amaz$ & grace-dazzl$ /upefi$ "o gave a cry ( delight & = a mom5t believ$ t ! :ole ( heav5 0 )9 him4 ,^u ?is unheal?y excess ( feel+1 ^u ! accompany+ corruption ( he>t & head1 ,*ri/ianity atta9s all its psy*ological effects4 ,x wants to annihilate1 debase1 /upefy1 amaze1 b$azzle4 ,!re is b "o ?+ t x does n want3 measure1 /&>d 7das ,maas7 & !re=e is x 9 ! wor/ s5se b>b>\s1 asiatic1 vulg>1 un-,greek4 #aae ,be+ ,religi\s to ,"s ,purpose4--,!re are c]ta9 insipid1 traffic-virtu\s p to :om religion is p9n$ l ! hem ( "s g>b ( a high] humanity4 ,^! p d well to rema9 religi\s3 x adorns !m4 ,all :o are n v]s$ 9 "s pr(essional weapon--includ+ tongue & p5 z weapons--are s]vile3 to all su* ! ,*ri/ian religion is v useful1 = !n _! s]vility assumes ! aspect ( ,*ri/ian virtue & is amaz+ly adorn$4--,p ^: daily lives are empty & colorless are readily religi\s4 ,?is is compreh5sible & p>donable1 b !y h no "r to dem& t o!rs1 ^: daily lives are n empty & colorless1 %\ld be religi\s also4 #aaf ,! ,ev]yday ,*ri/ian4--,if ,*ri/ianity1 ) its allegations ( an av5g+ ,god1 univ]sal s9fulness1 *oice ( grace1 & ! dang] ( et]nal damnation1 7 true1 x w\ld be an indication ( weakness ( m9d & "* n to be a prie/ or an apo/le or a h]mit1 & toil = "o's own salvation4 ,x w\ld be irrational to lose sight ( "o's et]nal well be+ 9 comp>ison ) tempor>y advantage3 ,assum+ ^! dogmas to be g5]ally believ$1 ! e day ,*ri/ian is a pitiable figure1 a man :o really _c c\nt z f> z ?ree1 & :o1 = ! re/1 j because ( 8 intellectual incapacity1 does n des]ve to be z h>d puni%$ z ,*ri/ianity promises he %all be4 #aag ,conc]n+ ! ,clev]ness ( ,*ri/ianity4--,x is a ma/] /roke ( ,*ri/ianity to s emphasize ! unwor?9ess1 s9fulness & degradation ( m5 9 g5]al t contempt ( "o's fell[ creatures becomes impossible4 ,he may s9 z mu* z he pleases1 he is n by nature diff]5t f me4 ,x is ,i :o 9 e way am unwor?y & contemptible4 ,s says ! ,*ri/ian to himself4 ,b ev5 ?is feel+ has lo/ its ke5e/ /+ = ! ,*ri/ian does n believe 9 8 individual degradation4 ,he is bad 9 8 g5]al human capacity & he soo!s himself a little ) ! ass]tion t we are all alike4 #aah ,p]sonal ,*ange4--,z soon z a religion rules1 x has = its oppon5ts ^? :o 7 its fir/ disciples4 #aai ,fate ( ,*ri/ianity4--,*ri/ianity arose to light5 ! he>t1 b n[ x mu/ fir/ make ! he>t heavy 9 ord] to be able to light5 x aft]w>ds4 ,*ri/ianity w consequ5tly g d[n4 #abj ,! ,te/imony ( ,pleasure4--,! agreeable op9ion is accept$ z true4 ,?is is ! te/imony ( pleasure 7or z ! *ur* says1 ! evid5ce ( /r5g?7 ( :i* all religions are s pr\d1 al?\gh !y %\ld all be a%am$ ( x4 ,if a belief did n make bless$ x w\ld n be believ$4 ,h[ little x w\ld be wor?1 !n6 #aba ,dang]\s ,play4--,:oev] gives religi\s feel+ room1 mu/ !n also let x gr[4 ,he c d no?+ else4 ,!n 8 be+ gradually *anges4 ,! religi\s elem5t br+s ) x aff9ities & k9%ips4 ,! :ole circle ( 8 judgm5t & feel+ is cl\d$ & drap$ 9 religi\s %ad[s4 ,feel+ _c /& /ill4 ,"o %\ld be on "o's gu>d4 #abb ,! ,bl9d ,pupil4--,z long z "o kn[s v well ! /r5g? & ! weakness ( "o's dogma1 "o's art1 "o's religion1 its /r5g? is /ill l[4 ,! pupil & apo/le :o has no eye = ! weaknesses ( a dogma1 a religion & s on1 dazzl$ by ! aspect ( ! ma/] & by 8 own rev]5ce = him1 has1 on t v acc\nt1 g5]ally m p[] ?an ! ma/]4 ,)\t bl9d pupils ! influ5ce ( a man & 8 "w has nev] become great4 ,to give victory to k1 (t5 am\nts to no m ?an s ally+ x ) /upidity t ! brute =ce ( ! latt] =ces triumph = ! =m]4 #abc ,! ,break+ (f ( ,*ur*es4--,!re is n suffici5t religion 9 ! _w m]ely to put an end to ! numb] ( religions4 #abd ,s9lessness ( ,m54--,if "o h und]/ood h[ ,s9 came into ! _w1 namely ?r\gh errors ( ! reason1 ?r\gh :i* m5 9 _! int]c\rse ) "o ano!r & ev5 individual m5 look$ ^u !mselves z mu* black] & wick$] ?an 0 really ! case1 "o's :ole feel+ is mu* light5$ & man & ! _w appe> toge!r 9 su* a halo ( h>mlessness t a s5tim5t ( well be+ is in/ill$ into "o's :ole nature4 ,man 9 ! mid/ ( nature is z a *ild left to its own devices4 ,?is *ild inde$ dreams a heavy1 anxi\s dream4 ,b :5 x op5s its eyes x f9ds itself always 9 p>adise4 #abe ,irreligi\sness ( ,arti/s4--,hom] is s mu* at home among 8 gods & is z a poet s good natur$ to !m t he mu/ h be5 pr(\ndly irreligi\s4 ,t :i* 0 br\ght to him by ! popul> fai?--a mean1 crude & p>tially repulsive sup]/ition--he dealt ) z freely z ! ,sculptor ) 8 clay1 !re=e ) ! same fre$om t ,a,eschylus & ,ari/ophanes ev9c$ & ) :i* 9 lat] times ! great arti/s ( ! r5aissance1 & also ,%akespe>e & ,goe!1 drew _! pictures4 #abf ,art & ,/r5g? ( ,false ,int]pretation4--,all ! visions1 fe>s1 exhau/ions & delights ( ! sa9t are well kn[n symptoms ( sickness1 :i* 9 him1 ow+ to deep root$ religi\s & psy*ological delusions1 are expla9$ q diff]5tly1 t is n z symptoms ( sickness4--,s1 too1 p]haps1 ! demon ( ,socrates 0 no?+ b a malady ( ! e> t he expla9$1 9 view ( 8 pr$om9ant moral !ory1 9 a mann] diff]5t f :at w\ld be ?\ght rational to-day4 ,nor is ! case diff]5t ) ! fr5zy & ! fr5zi$ spee*es ( ! prophets & ( ! prie/s ( ! oracles4 ,x is always ! degree ( wisdom1 imag9ation1 capacity & morality 9 ! he>t & m9d ( ! int]pret]s t got s mu* out ( !m4 ,x is among ! greate/ feats ( ! m5 :o are call$ g5iuses & sa9ts t !y made int]pret]s = !mselves :o1 =tunately = mank9d1 did n und]/& !m4 #abg ,rev]5ce = ,madness4--,because x 0 p]ceiv$ t an excitem5t ( "s k9d (t5 made ! head cle>] & occasion$ =tunate inspirations1 x 0 conclud$ t ! utmo/ excitem5t w\ld occasion ! mo/ =tunate inspirations4 ,h5ce ! fr5zi$ be+ 0 rev]$ z a sage & an oracle giv]4 ,a false conclusion lies at ! bottom ( all ?is4 #abh ,promises ( ,wisdom4--,mod]n sci5ce has z its object z little pa9 z possible1 z long a life z possible--h5ce a sort ( et]nal bless$ness1 b ( a v limit$ k9d 9 comp>ison ) ! promises ( religion4 #abi ,=bidd5 ,g5]osity4--,!re is n en\gh ( love & goodness 9 ! _w to ?r[ any ( x away on conceit$ p4 #acj ,survival ( ,religi\s ,tra9+ 9 ! ,disposition4--,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & be=e x all anci5t education1 controll$ ! :ole doma9 ( means ?r\gh :i* man 0 put into c]ta9 unord9>y moods & )drawn f ! cold calculation ( p]sonal advantage & f calm1 rational reflection4 ,a *ur* vibrat+ ) deep tones2 gloomy1 regul>1 re/ra9+ exhortations f a prie/ly b&1 :o involunt>ily communicate _! own t5sion to _! congregation & lead !m to li/5 almo/ ) anxiety z if "s miracle 7 9 c\rse ( prep>ation2 ! awesome pile ( ar*itecture :i*1 z ! h\se ( a god1 re>s itself va/ly into ! vague & 9 all its %ad[y nooks inspires fe> ( its n]ve-excit+ p[]--:o w\ld c>e to r$uce m5 to ! level ( ^! ?+s if ! ideas ^u :i* !y re/ became ext9ct8 ,b ! results ( all ^! ?+s are nev]!less n ?r[n away3 ! inn] _w ( exalt$1 emotional1 prophetic1 pr(\ndly rep5tant1 hope-bless$ moods has become inborn 9 man l>gely ?r\gh cultivation4 ,:at /ill exi/s 9 8 s\l 0 =m]ly1 z he g]m9at$1 grew & bloom$1 ?or\ghly discipl9$4 #aca ,religi\s ,aft]-,pa9s4--,?\gh "o believe oneself absolutely wean$ away f religion1 ! process has yet n be5 s ?or\gh z to make impossible a feel+ ( joy at ! pres5ce ( religi\s feel+s & dispositions )\t intelligible cont5t1 z1 = example1 9 music2 & if a philosophy alleges to u ! validity ( metaphysical hopes1 ?r\gh ! peace ( s\l !re9 atta9able1 & also speaks ( ! :ole true gospel 9 ! look ( ,raphael's ,madonna1 we greet su* decl>ations & innu5does ) a welcome smile4 ,! philosoph] has "h a matt] easy ( demon/ration4 ,he responds ) t :i* he is glad to give1 namely a he>t t is glad to accept4 ,h5ce x is obs]vable h[ ! less reflective free spirits collide only ) dogmas b yield readily to ! magic ( religi\s feel+s2 x is a s\rce ( pa9 to !m to let ! latt] g simply on acc\nt ( ! =m]4--,sci5tific philosophy mu/ be v mu* on its gu>d le/ on acc\nt ( ?is necessity--an evolv$ & h5ce1 also1 a transitory necessity--delusions are smuggl$ 94 ,ev5 logicians speak ( pres5tim5ts ( tru? 9 e?ics & 9 art 7= example ( ! pres5tim5t t ! ess5ce ( ?+s is unity7 a ?+ :i*1 nev]!less1 ought to be prohibit$4 ,betwe5 c>efully d$uc$ tru?s & su* =ebod$ ?+s !re lies ! abysmal di/9ction t ! =m] are products ( ! intellect & ! latt] ( ! necessity4 ,hung] is no evid5ce t !re is food at h& to appease x4 ,hung] m]ely craves food4 ,pres5tim5t does n d5ote t ! exi/5ce ( a ?+ is kn[n 9 any way :atev]4 ,x d5otes m]ely t x is deem$ possible to ! ext5t t x is desir$ or fe>$4 ,! pres5tim5t is n "o /ep =w>d 9 ! doma9 ( c]ta9ty4--,x is involunt>ily believ$ t ! religi\s t9t$ sections ( a philosophy are bett] atte/$ ?an ! o!rs1 b ! case is at bottom j ! opposite3 !re is simply ! inn] wi% t x may be s1 t ! ?+ :i* beautifies may also be true4 ,?is wi% leads u to accept bad gr\nds z good4 #acb ,( ! ,*ri/ian ,ne$ ( ,salvation4--,c>eful consid]ation mu/ r5d] x possible to prop\nd "s explanation ( t process 9 ! s\l ( a ,*ri/ian :i* is t]m$ ne$ ( salvation1 & to prop\nd an explanation1 too1 free f my?ology3 h5ce "o purely psy*ological4 ,h]et(ore psy*ological explanations ( religi\s conditions & processes h really be5 9 disrepute1 inasmu* z a !ology call+ itself free gave v5t to its unpr(itable nature 9 ?is doma92 = its pr9cipal aim1 s f> z may be judg$ f ! _s ( its creator1 ,s*lei]-ma*]1 0 ! pres]vation ( ! ,*ri/ian religion & ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,x appe>$ t 9 ! psy*ological analysis ( religi\s facts a new an*orage & above all a new call+ 7 to be ga9$4 ,undi/urb$ by su* pr$ecessors1 we v5ture ! foll[+ exposition ( ! ph5om5a allud$ to4 ,man is consci\s ( c]ta9 acts :i* are v firmly implant$ 9 ! g5]al c\rse ( conduct3 inde$ he discov]s 9 himself a pr$isposition to su* acts t seems to him to be z unalt]able z 8 v be+4 ,h[ gladly he w\ld essay "s o!r k9d ( acts :i* 9 ! g5]al e/imate ( conduct are rat$ ! be/ & highe/1 h[ gladly he w\ld welcome ! consci\sness ( well do+ :i* ought to foll[ unselfi% motive6 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 x goes no fur!r ?an ?is long+3 ! discont5t consequ5t ^u be+ unable to satisfy x is add$ to all o!r k9ds ( discont5t :i* result f 8 life de/9y 9 p>ticul> or :i* may be due to s call$ bad acts2 s t a deep depression ensues accompani$ by a desire = "s physician to remove x & all its causes4--,?is condition w\ld n be f\nd s bitt] if ! individual b comp>$ himself freely ) o!r m53 = !n he w\ld h no reason to be discont5t$ ) himself 9 p>ticul> z he is m]ely be>+ 8 %>e ( ! g5]al burd5 ( human discont5t & incomplet5ess4 ,b he comp>es himself ) a be+ :o alone mu/ be capable ( ! conduct t is call$ unegoi/ic & ( an endur+ consci\sness ( unselfi% motive1 ) ,god4 ,x is because he gazes into ?is cle> mirror1 t 8 own self seems s extraord9>ily di/ract$ & s tr\bl$4 ,!reupon ! ?\ght ( t be+1 9 s f> z x flits be=e 8 fancy z retributive ju/ice1 occasions him anxiety4 ,9 e conceivable small & great exp]i5ce he believes he sees ! ang] ( ! be+1 8 ?reats1 ! v implem5ts & manacles ( 8 judge & prison4 ,:at succors him 9 ?is dang]1 :i*1 9 ! prospect ( an et]nal duration ( puni%m5t1 transc5ds 9 hide\sness all ! horrors t c be pres5t$ to ! imag9ation8 #acc ,be=e we consid] ?is condition 9 its fur!r effects1 we w\ld admit to ourselves t man is betray$ into ?is condition n ?r\gh 8 fault & s9 b ?r\gh a s]ies ( delusions ( ! reason2 t x 0 ! fault ( ! mirror if 8 own self appe>$ to him 9 ! highe/ degree d>k & hateful1 & t t mirror 0 8 own "w1 ! v imp]fect "w ( human imag9ation & judgm5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place a be+ capable ( absolutely unegoi/ic conduct is z fabul\s z ! pho5ix4 ,su* a be+ is n ev5 ?9kable = ! v reason t ! :ole notion ( unegoi/ic conduct1 :5 closely exam9$1 vani%es into air4 ,nev] yet has a man done any?+ solely = o!rs & entirely )\t ref]5ce to a p]sonal motive2 inde$ h[ c\ld he possibly d any?+ t _h no ref]5ce to himself1 t is )\t inw>d compulsion 7:i* mu/ always h its basis 9 a p]sonal ne$78 ,h[ c\ld ! ego act )\t ego8--,a god1 :o1 on ! o!r h&1 is all love1 z he is usually repres5t$1 w\ld n be capable ( a solit>y unegoi/ic act3 :5ce "o is rem9d$ ( a reflection ( ,li*t5b]g's :i* is1 9 tru?1 tak5 f a l[] sph]e3 ,we _c possibly feel = o!rs1 z ! expression goes2 we feel only = ourselves4 ,! ass]tion s\nds h>d1 b x is n1 if rightly und]/ood4 ,a man loves nei!r 8 fa!r nor 8 "m nor 8 wife nor 8 *ild1 b simply ! feel+s :i* !y inspire4 ,or1 z ,la ,ro*ef\cauld says3 ,if y ?9k y love y\r mi/ress = ! m]e love ( h]1 y are v mu* mi/ak54 ,:y acts ( love are m highly priz$ ?an o!rs1 namely n on acc\nt ( _! nature1 b on acc\nt ( _! utility1 has already be5 expla9$ 9 ! section on ! orig9 ( moral feel+s4 ,b if a man %\ld wi% to be all love l ! god a=esaid1 & want to d all ?+s = o!rs & no?+ = himself1 ! proc$ure w\ld be fundam5tally impossible because he mu/ d a great deal = himself be=e !re w\ld be any possibility ( do+ any?+ = ! love ( o!rs4 ,x is also ess5tial t o!rs be suffici5tly egoi/ic to accept always & at all times ?is self sacrifice & liv+ = o!rs1 s t ! m5 ( love & self sacrifice h an int]e/ 9 ! survival ( unlov+ & selfi% egoi/s1 :ile ! highe/ morality1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself mu/ =mally en=ce ! exi/5ce ( immorality 7:]e9 x w\ld be really de/roy+ itself47--,fur!r3 ! idea ( a god p]turbs & disc\rages z long z x is accept$ b z to h[ x orig9at$ c no long]1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( comp>ative e?nological sci5ce1 be a matt] ( d\bt1 & ) ! insight into ! orig9 ( ?is belief all fai? collapses4 ,:at happ5s to ! ,*ri/ian :o comp>es 8 nature ) t ( ,god is exactly :at happ5$ to ,don ,quixote1 :o depreciat$ 8 own pr[ess because 8 head 0 fill$ ) ! wondr\s de$s ( ! h]oes ( *ivalr\s romance4 ,! /&>d ( measurem5t :i* bo? employ belongs to ! doma9 ( fable4--,b if ! idea ( ,god collapses1 s too1 does ! feel+ ( s9 z a violation ( div9e rescript1 z a /a9 ^u a god-l creation4 ,!re /ill app>5tly rema9s t disc\ragem5t :i* is closely alli$ ) fe> ( ! puni%m5t ( worldly ju/ice or ( ! contempt ( "o's fell[ m54 ,! ke5e/ ?orn 9 ! s5tim5t ( s9 is dull$ :5 x is p]ceiv$ t "o's acts h contrav5$ human tradition1 human rules & human laws )\t hav+ !reby endang]$ ! et]nal salvation ( ! s\l & its relations ) deity4 ,if f9ally m5 atta9 to ! conviction ( ! absolute necessity ( all acts & ( _! utt] irresponsibility & !n absorb x into _! fle% & blood1 e relic ( consci5ce pangs w disappe>4 #acd ,if n[1 z /at$1 ! ,*ri/ian1 ?r\gh c]ta9 delusive feel+s1 is betray$ into self contempt1 t is by a false & unsci5tific view ( 8 acts & feel+s1 he mu/1 nev]!less1 p]ceive ) ! utmo/ amazem5t t ?is /ate ( self contempt1 ( consci5ce pangs1 ( despair 9 p>ticul>1 does n la/1 t !re are h\rs dur+ :i* all ^! ?+s are waft$ away f ! s\l & he feels himself once m free & c\rage\s4 ,! tru? is t joy 9 8 own be+1 ! fulness ( 8 own p[]s 9 connection ) ! inevitable decl9e ( 8 pr(\nd excitation ) ! lapse ( "t1 bore (f ! palm ( victory4 ,! man loves himself once m1 he feels x--b ?is v new love1 ?is new self e/eem seems to him incr$ible4 ,he c see 9 x only ! :olly unm]it$ /ream ( ! light ( grace %$ d[n ^u him4 ,if he =m]ly saw 9 e ev5t m]ely w>n+s1 ?reats1 puni%m5ts & e k9d ( indication ( div9e ang]1 he n[ reads into 8 exp]i5ces ! grace ( god4 ,! latt] circum/ance seems to him full ( love1 ! =m] z a helpful po9t+ ( ! way1 & 8 entirely joyful frame ( m9d n[ seems to him to be an absolute pro( ( ! goodness ( ,god4 ,z =m]ly 9 8 /ates ( disc\ragem5t he int]pret$ 8 conduct falsely s n[ he does ! same ) 8 exp]i5ces4 ,8 /ate ( consolation is n[ reg>d$ z ! effect produc$ by "s ext]nal p[]4 ,! love ) :i*1 at bottom1 he loves himself1 seems to be ! div9e love4 ,t :i* he calls grace & ! prelim9>y ( salvation is 9 reality self-grace1 self-salvation4 #ace ,!re=e a c]ta9 false psy*ology1 a c]ta9 k9d ( imag9ativ5ess 9 ! int]pretation ( motives & exp]i5ces is ! ess5tial prelim9>y to be+ a ,*ri/ian & to exp]i5c+ ! ne$ ( salvation4 ,^u ga9+ an insight into ?is w&]+ ( ! reason & ! imag9ation1 "o ceases to be a ,*ri/ian4 #acf ,( ,*ri/ian ,asceticism & ,sanctity4--,mu* z "s ?9k]s h ex]t$ !mselves to imp>t an air ( ! miracul\s to ^? s+ul> ph5om5a kn[n z asceticism & sanctity1 to "q :i* or to acc\nt = :i* ^u a rational basis w\ld be wick$ness & sacrilege1 ! temptation to ?is wick$ness is none ! less great4 ,a p[]ful impulse ( nature has 9 e age l$ to prote/ aga9/ su* ph5om5a4 ,at any rate sci5ce1 inasmu* z x is ! imitation ( nature1 p]mits ! ca/+ ( d\bts ^u ! inexplicable "* & ! sup]nal degree ( su* ph5om5a4 ,x is true t h]et(ore sci5ce has n succe$$ 9 its attempts at explanation4 ,! ph5om5a rema9 unexpla9$ /ill1 to ! great satisfaction ( ^? :o rev]e moral miracles4 ,=1 speak+ g5]ally1 ! unexpla9$ mu/ rank z ! inexplicable1 ! inexplicable z ! non-natural1 sup]natural1 miracul\s--s runs ! dem& 9 ! s\ls ( all ! religi\s & all ! metaphysicians 7ev5 ! arti/s if !y happ5 to be ?9k]s71 :]eas ! sci5tific man sees 9 ?is dem& ! evil pr9ciple4--,! univ]sal1 fir/1 app>5t tru? t is enc\nt]$ 9 ! contemplation ( sanctity & asceticism is t _! nature is complicat$2 = ne>ly always1 )9 ! physical _w z well z 9 ! moral1 ! app>5tly miracul\s may be trac$ successfully to ! complex1 ! obscure1 ! multi-condition$4 ,let u v5ture !n to isolate a few impulses 9 ! s\l ( ! sa9t & ! ascetic1 to consid] !m sep>ately & !n view !m z a syn!tic developm5t4 #acg ,!re is an ob/9acy aga9/ oneself1 c]ta9 sublimat$ =ms ( :i* are includ$ 9 asceticism4 ,c]ta9 k9ds ( m5 are "u su* a /rong necessity ( ex]cis+ _! p[] & dom9at+ impulses t1 if o!r objects are lack+ or if !y h n succe$$ ) o!r objects !y w actually tyrannize ov] "s portions ( _! own nature or ov] sections & /ages ( _! own p]sonality4 ,?us d _m ?9k]s br+ !mselves to views :i* are f> f likely to increase or improve _! fame4 ,_m delib]ately br+ d[n ! contempt ( o!rs ^u !mselves al?\gh !y c\ld easily h reta9$ consid]ation by sil5ce4 ,o!rs contradict e>li] op9ions & d n %r9k f ! ordeal ( be+ deem$ inconsi/5t4 ,on ! contr>y !y /rive = ?is & act l eag] rid]s :o enjoy horseback ex]cise mo/ :5 ! horse is skitti%4 ,?us w m5 9 dang]\s pa?s asc5d to ! highe/ /eeps 9 ord] to laugh to scorn _! own fe> & _! own trembl+ limbs4 ,?us w ! philosoph] embrace ! dogmas ( asceticism1 humility1 sanctity1 9 ! light ( :i* 8 own image appe>s 9 its mo/ hide\s aspect4 ,?is cru%+ ( self1 ?is mock]y ( "o's own nature1 ?is sp]n]e se sp]ni out ( :i* religions h made s mu* is 9 reality b a v high developm5t ( vanity4 ,! :ole e?ic ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt belongs 9 ?is category3 man has a true delight 9 ma/]+ himself ?r\gh exagg]at$ pret5sions or excessive exp$i5ts & lat] deify+ ?is tyrannically exact+ some?+ )9 him4 ,9 e s*eme ( ascetic e?ics1 man prays to "o "p ( himself z if x 7 god & h5ce x is necess>y = him to treat ! re/ ( himself z devil4 #ach ,man is ,n at ,all ,h\rs ,equally ,moral2 ?is is e/abli%$4 ,if "o's morality be judg$ accord+ to "o's capacity = great1 self sacrific+ resolutions & abnegations 7:i* :5 cont9ual1 & made a habit are kn[n z sanctity7 "o is1 9 affection1 or disposition1 ! mo/ moral3 :ile high] excitem5t supplies :olly new impulses :i*1 7 "o calm & cool z ord9>ily1 "o w\ld n deem oneself ev5 capable (4 ,h[ comes ?is8 ,app>5tly f ! prop9quity ( all great & l(ty emotional /ates4 ,if a man is br\ght to an extraord9>y pit* ( feel+ he c resolve ^u a fe>ful rev5ge or ^u a fe>ful r5unciation ( 8 ?ir/ = v5geance indiff]5tly4 ,he craves1 "u ! influ5ces ( p[]ful emotion1 ! great1 ! p[]ful1 ! imm5se1 & if he *ances to p]ceive t ! sacrifice ( himself w af=d him z mu* satisfaction z ! sacrifice ( ano!r1 or w af=d him m1 he w *oose self sacrifice4 ,:at conc]ns him p>ticul>ly is simply ! unload+ ( 8 emotion4 ,h5ce he readily1 to relieve 8 t5sion1 grasps ! d>ts ( ! enemy & buries !m 9 8 own brea/4 ,t 9 self abnegation & n 9 rev5ge ! elem5t ( greatness consi/$ mu/ h be5 br\ght home to mank9d only aft] long habituation4 ,a god :o sacrifices himself w\ld be ! mo/ p[]ful & mo/ effective symbol ( ?is sort ( greatness4 ,z ! conque/ ( ! mo/ h>dly conqu]$ enemy1 ! sudd5 ma/]+ ( a passion--?us does su* abnegation appe>3 h5ce x passes = ! summit ( morality4 ,9 reality all t is involv$ is ! ex*ange ( "o idea = ano!r :il/ ! temp]am5t rema9$ at a l altitude1 a l tidal /ate4 ,m5 :5 com+ out ( ! spell1 or re/+ f su* passionate excitation1 no long] und]/& ! morality ( su* in/ants1 b ! admiration ( all :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! occasion su/a9s !m4 ,pride is _! support if ! passion & ! compreh5sion ( _! act weak54 ,!re=e1 at bottom ev5 su* acts ( self-abnegation are n moral inasmu* z !y are n done ) a /rict reg>d = o!rs4 ,r d o!rs af=d ! high /rung temp]am5t an opportunity to light5 itself ?r\gh su* abnegation4 #aci ,ev5 ! ,ascetic ,seeks to ,make ,life ,easi]1 & g5]ally by means ( absolute subjection to ano!r w or to an all inclusive rule & ritual1 pretty mu* z ! ,brahm9 leaves absolutely no?+ to 8 own volition b is guid$ 9 e mom5t ( 8 life by "s holy injunction or o!r4 ,?is subjection is a pot5t means ( acquir+ dom9ion ov] oneself4 ,"o is occupi$1 h5ce "t does n bang heavy & !re is no incitem5t ( ! p]sonal w & ( ! individual passion4 ,! de$ once done !re is no feel+ ( responsibility nor ! /+ ( regret4 ,"o has giv5 up "o's own w once = all & ?is is easi] ?an to give x up occasionally1 z x is also easi] :olly to r5\nce a desire ?an to yield to x 9 measur$ degree4 ,:5 we consid] ! pres5t relation ( man to ! /ate we p]ceive unconditional ob$i5ce is easi] ?an conditional4 ,! holy p]son also makes 8 lot easi] ?r\gh ! complete surr5d] ( 8 life p]sonality & x is all delusion to admire su* a ph5om5on z ! l(tie/ h]oism ( morality4 ,x is always m difficult to ass]t "o's p]sonality )\t %r9k+ & )\t hesitation ?an to give x up altoge!r 9 ! mann] indicat$1 & x requires moreov] m intellect & ?\ght4 #adj ,aft] hav+ discov]$ 9 _m ( ! less compreh5sible actions m]e manife/ations ( pleasure 9 emotion = its own sake1 ,i fancy ,i c detect 9 ! self contempt :i* *>act]ises holy p]sons1 & also 9 _! acts ( self torture 7?r\gh hung] & sc\rg+s1 di/ortions & *a9+ ( ! limbs1 acts ( madness7 simply a means :]eby su* natures may resi/ ! g5]al exhau/ion ( _! w to live 7_! n]ves74 ,!y employ ! mo/ pa9ful exp$i5ts to escape if only = a "t f ! heav9ess & we>9ess 9 :i* !y are /eep$ by _! great m5tal indol5ce & _! subjection to a w o!r ?an _! own4 #ada ,! ,mo/ ,usual ,means by :i* ! ascetic & ! sanctifi$ individual seeks to make life m endurable comprises c]ta9 combats ( an inn] nature involv+ alt]nations ( victory & pro/ration4 ,= ?is purpose an enemy is necess>y & he is f\nd 9 ! s call$ inn] enemy4 ,t is1 ! holy individual makes use ( 8 t5d5cy to vanity1 dom9e]+ & pride1 & ( 8 m5tal long+s 9 ord] to contemplate 8 life z a sort ( cont9u\s battle & himself z a battlefield1 9 :i* good & evil spirits wage w> ) v>y+ =tune4 ,x is an e/abli%$ fact t ! imag9ation is re/ra9$ ?r\gh ! regul>ity & adequacy ( sexual int]c\rse :ile on ! o!r h& ab/5tion f or great irregul>ity 9 sexual int]c\rse w cause ! imag9ation to run riot4 ,! imag9ations ( _m ( ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts 7 obsc5e to a degree2 & because ( ! !ory t sexual desires 7 9 reality demons t rag$ )9 !m1 ! sa9ts did n feel :olly responsible = !m4 ,x is to ?is conviction t we are indebt$ = ! highly in/ructive s9c]ity ( _! evid5ce aga9/ !mselves4 ,x 0 to _! int]e/ t ?is conte/ %\ld always be kept up 9 "s fa%ion because by means ( ?is conte/1 z already /at$1 _! empty lives ga9$ di/raction4 ,9 ord] t ! conte/ might seem suffici5tly great to inspire sympa?y & admiration 9 ! unsanctifi$1 x 0 ess5tial t sexual capacity be ev] m & m damn$ & d5\nc$4 ,inde$ ! dang] ( et]nal damnation 0 s closely alli$ to ?is capacity t = :ole g5]ations ,*ri/ians %[$ _! *ildr5 ) actual consci5ce pangs4 ,:at evil may n h be5 done to humanity ?r\gh ?is6 ,& yet "h ! tru? is j upside d[n3 an exce$+ly unseemly attitude = ! tru?4 ,*ri/ianity1 x is true1 _h said t e man is conceiv$ & born 9 s91 & 9 ! intol]able & excessive ,*ri/ianity ( ,cald]on ?is ?\ght is aga9 p]v]t$ & entangl$ into ! mo/ di/ort$ p>adox extant 9 ! well kn[n l9es ,! greate/ s9 ( man ,is ! s9 ( be+ born4 ,9 all pessimi/ic religions ! act ( procreation is look$ ^u z evil 9 itself4 ,?is is f> f be+ ! g5]al human op9ion4 ,x is n ev5 ! op9ion ( all pessimi/s4 ,emp$ocles1 = example1 kn[s no?+ ( any?+ %ameful1 devili% & s9ful 9 x4 ,he sees r 9 ! great field ( bliss ( unhol9ess simply a heal?ful & hopeful ph5om5on1 ,aphrodite4 ,%e is to him an evid5ce t /rife does n always rage b t "s "t a g5tle demon is to wield ! sceptre4 ,! ,*ri/ian pessimi/s ( practice1 _h1 z /at$1 a direct int]e/ 9 ! preval5ce ( an opposite belief4 ,!y ne$$ 9 ! lonel9ess & ! spiritual wild]ness ( _! lives an ev] liv+ enemy1 & a univ]sally kn[n enemy ?r\gh ^: conque/ !y might appe> to ! unsanctifi$ z utt]ly incompreh5sible & half unnatural be+s4 ,:5 ?is enemy at la/1 z a result ( _! mode ( life & _! %att]$ heal?1 took flight =ev]1 !y 7 able imm$iately to p _! inn] selves ) new demons4 ,! rise & fall ( ! balance ( *e]fulness & despair ma9ta9$ _! addl$ bra9s 9 a totally new fluctuation ( long+ & peace ( s\l4 ,& 9 t p]iod psy*ology s]v$ n only to ca/ suspicion on ev]y?+ human b to w\nd & sc\rge x1 to crucify x4 ,man want$ to f9d himself z base & evil z possible4 ,man s\ght to become anxi\s ab\t ! /ate ( 8 s\l1 he wi%$ to be d\btful ( 8 own capacity4 ,ev]y?+ natural ) :i* man connects ! idea ( badness & s9fulness 7z1 = in/ance1 is /ill cu/om>y 9 reg>d to ! erotic7 injures & degrades ! imag9ation1 occasions a %am$ aspect1 leads man to w> ^u himself & makes him unc]ta91 di/ru/ful ( himself4 ,ev5 8 dreams acquire a t9cture ( ! unclean consci5ce4 ,& yet ?is suff]+ because ( ! natural elem5t 9 c]ta9 ?+s is :olly sup]flu\s4 ,x is simply ! result ( op9ions reg>d+ ! ?+s4 ,x is easy to und]/& :y m5 become worse ?an !y are if !y are br\ght to look ^u ! unavoidably natural z bad & lat] to feel x z ( evil orig94 ,x is ! ma/] /roke ( religions & metaphysics t wi% to make man out bad & s9ful by nature1 to r5d] nature suspici\s 9 8 eyes & to s make himself evil1 = he le>ns to feel himself evil :5 he _c dive/ himself ( nature4 ,he gradually comes to look ^u himself1 aft] a long life liv$ naturally1 s oppress$ by a weight ( s9 t sup]natural p[]s become necess>y to relieve him ( ! burd52 & ) ?is notion comes ! s call$ ne$ ( salvation1 :i* is ! result n ( a real b ( an imag9>y s9fulness4 ,g ?r\gh ! sep>ate moral expositions 9 ! v\*]s ( *ri/ianity & x w always be f\nd t ! dem&s are excessive 9 ord] t x may be impossible = man to satisfy !m4 ,! object is n t he may become moral b t he may feel z s9ful z possible4 ,if ?is feel+ _h n be5 r5d]$ agreeable to man--:y %\ld he h improvis$ su* an ideal & clung to x s long8 ,z 9 ! anci5t _w an incalculable /r5g? ( intellect & capacity = feel+ 0 squ&]$ 9 ord] to increase ! joy ( liv+ ?r\gh fea/ful sy/ems ( wor%ip1 s 9 ! era ( *ri/ianity an equally incalculable quantity ( intellectual capacity has be5 sacrific$ 9 ano!r endeavor3 t man %\ld 9 e way feel himself s9ful & !reby be mov$1 inspir$1 inspirit$4 ,to move1 to inspire1 to inspirit at any co/--is n ?is ! fre$om cry ( an exhau/$1 ov]-ripe1 ov] cultivat$ age8 ,! circle ( all ! natural s5sations _h be5 gone ?r\gh a hundr$ times3 ! s\l _h gr[n we>y4 ,!n ! sa9ts & ! ascetics f\nd a new ord] ( ec/acies4 ,!y set !mselves be=e ! eyes ( all n alone z models = imitation to _m1 b z fe>ful & yet delightful spectacles on ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ?is _w & ! next _w1 :]e 9 t p]iod ev]yone ?\ght he saw at "o "t rays ( heav5ly light1 at ano!r fe>ful1 ?reat5+ tongues ( flame4 ,! eye ( ! sa9t1 direct$ ^u ! fe>ful significance ( ! %ortness ( e>?ly life1 ^u ! imm95ce ( ! la/ judgm5t1 ^u et]nal life h]eaft]2 ?is gl[]+ eye 9 an emaciat$ body caus$ m51 9 ! old "t _w1 to tremble to ! dep?s ( _! be+4 ,to look1 to look away & %udd]1 to feel anew ! fasc9ation ( ! spectacle1 to yield to x1 sate oneself ^u x until ! s\l trembl$ ) ardor & fev]--t 0 ! la/ pleasure left to classical antiquity :5 its s5sibilities _h be5 blunt$ by ! ar5a & ! gladiatorial %[4 #adb ,to ,sum ,up ,all ,t ,has ,be5 ,said3 t condition ( s\l at :i* ! sa9t or expectant sa9t is rejoic$ is a comb9ation ( elem5ts :i* we are all famili> )1 except t "u o!r influ5ces ?an ^? ( m]e religi\s ideation !y cu/om>ily ar\se ! c5sure ( m5 9 ! same way t :5 comb9$ ) religion itself & reg>d$ z ! supreme atta9m5t ( sanctity1 !y are object ( admiration & ev5 ( pray]--at lea/ 9 m simple times4 ,v soon ! sa9t turns ^u himself t sev]ity t is s closely alli$ to ! in/9ct ( dom9ation at any price & :i* inspire ev5 9 ! mo/ solit>y individual ! s5se ( p[]4 ,soon 8 swoll5 s5sitiv5ess ( feel+ breaks =? f ! long+ to re/ra9 8 passions )9 x & is trans=m$ into a long+ to ma/] !m z if !y 7 wild /e$s1 ! ma/] impulse be+ ev] t ( a pr\d _s2 next he craves a complete cessation ( all p]turb+1 fasc9at+ feel+s1 a wak+ sleep1 an endur+ repose 9 ! lap ( a dull1 animal1 plant-l indol5ce4 ,next he seeks ! battle & ext+ui%es x )9 himself because we>9ess & bor$om confront him4 ,he b9ds 8 self-deification ) self-contempt4 ,he delights 9 ! wild tumult ( 8 desires & ! %>p pa9 ( s91 9 ! v idea ( be+ lo/4 ,he is able to play 8 v passions1 = in/ance ! desire to dom9e]1 a trick s t he goes to ! o!r extreme ( abject humiliation & subjection1 s t 8 ov]wr\ght s\l is )\t any re/ra9t ?r\gh ?is anti!sis4 ,&1 f9ally1 :5 indulg5ce 9 visions1 9 talks ) ! dead or ) div9e be+s ov]comes him1 ?is is really b a =m ( gratification t he craves1 p]haps a =m ( gratification 9 :i* all o!r gratifications are bl5d$4 ,novalis1 "o ( ! au?orities 9 matt]s ( sanctity1 because ( 8 exp]i5ce & in/9ct1 betrays ! :ole secret ) ! utmo/ simplicity :5 he says3 ,x is rem>kable t ! close connection ( gratification1 religion & cruelty has n long ago made m5 aw>e ( _! inn] relation%ip & common t5d5cy4 #adc ,n ,:at ! ,sa9t is b :at he 0 9 ! eyes ( ! non-sanctifi$ gives him 8 hi/orical importance4 ,because !re exi/$ a delusion respect+ ! sa9t1 8 s\l /ates be+ falsely view$ & 8 p]sonality be+ sund]$ z mu* z possible f humanity z a some?+ incomp>able & sup]natural1 because ( ^! ?+s he atta9$ ! extraord9>y ) :i* he sway$ ! imag9ations ( :ole nations & :ole ages4 ,ev5 he knew himself n = ev5 he reg>d$ 8 dispositions1 passions & actions 9 accordance ) a sy/em ( int]pretation z artificial & exagg]at$ z ! pneumatic int]pretation ( ! bible4 ,! di/ort$ & diseas$ 9 8 own nature ) its bl5d+ ( spiritual pov]ty1 defective k1 ru9$ heal?1 ov]wr\ght n]ves1 rema9$ z hidd5 f 8 view z f ! view ( 8 behold]s4 ,he 0 nei!r a p>ticul>ly good man nor a p>ticul>ly bad man b he /ood = some?+ t 0 f> above ! human /&>d 9 wisdom & goodness4 ,fai? 9 him su/a9$ fai? 9 ! div9e & miracul\s1 9 a religi\s significance ( all exi/5ce1 9 an imp5d+ day ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! la/ rays ( ! sett+ sun ( ! anci5t _w1 :i* fell ^u ! *ri/ian peoples1 ! %ad[y =m ( ! sa9t atta9$ enorm\s proportions--to su* enorm\s proportions1 inde$1 t d[n ev5 to our own age1 :i* no long] believes 9 god1 !re are ?9k]s :o believe 9 ! sa9ts4 #add ,x /&s to reason t ?is sket* ( ! sa9t1 made ^u ! model ( ! :ole species1 c be confront$ ) _m oppos+ sket*es t w\ld create a m agreeable impression4 ,!re are c]ta9 exceptions among ! species :o di/+ui% !mselves ei!r by especial g5tl5ess or especial humanity1 & p]haps by ! /r5g? ( _! own p]sonality4 ,o!rs are 9 ! highe/ degree fasc9at+ because c]ta9 ( _! delusions %$ a p>ticul> gl[ ov] _! :ole be+1 z is ! case ) ! f\nd] ( *ri/ianity :o took himself = ! only begott5 son ( ,god & h5ce felt himself s9less2 s t ?r\gh 8 imag9ation--t %\ld n be too h>%ly judg$ s9ce ! :ole ( antiquity sw>m$ ) sons ( god--he atta9$ ! same goal1 ! s5se ( complete s9lessness1 complete irresponsibility1 t c n[ be atta9$ by e individual ?r\gh sci5ce4--,9 ! same mann] ,i h view$ ! sa9ts ( ,india :o occupy an int]m$iate /ation betwe5 ! *ri/ian sa9ts & ! ,greek philosoph]s & h5ce are n to be reg>d$ z a pure type4 ,k & sci5ce--z f> z !y exi/$--& sup]iority to ! re/ ( mank9d by logical discipl9e & tra9+ ( ! intellectual p[]s 7 insi/$ ^u by ! ,buddhi/s z ess5tial to sanctity1 j z !y 7 d5\nc$ by ! *ri/ian _w z ! indications ( s9fulness4