,,islam      ,,h] ,,moral ,,&           
,,spiritual ,,value         ,,islam     
,,h] ,,moral ,,& ,,spiritual ,,value    
,a ,rational & ,psy*ological ,/udy      
,by     ,,major ,,ar?ur ,,glyn ,,leon>d 
,,late #b,,nd ,,batt4 ,,ea/ ,,lanca%ire 
,,regim5t      ,au?or ( 8,! ,camel1 ,its
 ,uses & ,managem5t10 8,h[ we made      
,rhodesia10 8,! ,l[] ,nig] & its        
,tribes0       ,) a ,=eword by     ,,sy$
 ,,ame] ,,ali1 ,m4,a41 ,c4,i4,e4        
,au?or ( 8,! ,_s ( ,islam10 8,life &    
,tea*+s ( ,mohamm$10     8,mohamm$an    
,law10 8,p]sonal ,law ( !               
,mohamm$ans10 etc4       ,,london       
,,luzac  ,,co     #df1 ,,great ,,russell
 ,,/reet     #aiji     ,,=eword   ,i am 
glad to introduce ?is book ) an         
expression ( ! pleasure & int]e/ ) :i*  
,i h read ,major ,leon>d's admirable    
psy*ological /udy ( a subject1 !        
importance ( :i* x is h>dly possible to 
ov]rate4  ,un=tunately x has be5 too    
common hi!rto to reg>d ,islam z an      
antagoni/ic =ce to ,*ri/5dom2 to        

depreciate its ,f\nd] & to disc\nt its  
,ideals4 ,z ! au?or ju/ly obs]ves1 x is 
h>dly possible = a /ud5t really anxi\s  
to acqua9t himself ) ! inn] _s ( ano!r  
,fai?1 to ga9 an insight into its true  
"* until he has dive/$ himself ( anci5t 
prejudices t n>r[ 8 p]spective & prev5t 
8 tak+ a broad view ( ! aims &          
aspirations ( ! great m5 :o f "t to "t h
 tri$ to uplift humanity4  ,major       
,leon>d has dealt ) 8 subject 9 ?is     
broad _s2 he has approa*$ x ) sympa?y   
born ( intimate acqua9tance ) races &   
peoples :o pr(ess ! ,fai? ( ,islam4 ,8  
is em95tly a philosophical /udy ( its   
,f\nd]1 ( its true moral & spiritual    
utility1 & ( ! great impetus x gave to !
 progress ( ! _w4  ,9 ! eight *apt]s t  
con/itute ?is book he has discuss$ !    
entire range ( que/ions affect+ !       
p]sonality ( ,mohamm$ & ! t5d5cy ( 8    
religion4 ,9 8 treatm5t he %[s himself a
 philosophical rationali/ animat$ ) a   
rev]5ce = ! ,arabian ,tea*]--! evid5t   
outcome ( a true appreciation ( !       

ma9spr+ ( 8 actions4  ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ! 
au?or has appli$ himself to expose !    
absurdity & holl[ness ( ! ,pan-,islamic 
8bogey40 ,t ! gr[+ rappro*em5t betwe5   
,moslem communities1 hi!rto divid$ by   
sect>ian feuds1 %\ld be view$ ) disfav\r
 by ,europe z indicat+ a dang] to its   
pr$om9ance & selfi% ambitions is        
intelligible4 ,b t x %\ld be reg>d$ z a 
delib]ate *all5ge to1 or int5d$ z a     
ho/ile demon/ration aga9/ ,*ri/5dom1 is 
a m]e *im]a4 ,major ,leon>d proves      
conclusively t ! ,pan-,islamic movem5t  
is no mod]n political movem5t2 b t      
morally & spiritually ,islam1 9 its v   
ess5ce1 is ,pan-,islamic2 9 o!r words1 a
 cre$ t recognizes 9 practice !         
bro!rhood ( man to a degree unkn[n 9 any
 o!r religion1 & admits 9 its           
commonweal? no diff]5ce ( race1 col\r or
 rank4  ,moslems1 laym5 & s*ol>s1 w     
probably n agree ) "s ( ,major ,leon>d's
 rem>ks 9 8 outl9e ( ! ,prophet's "* &  
temp]am5t2 b !y mu/ all ackn[l$ge 8     
s9c]ity4 ,he describes ,mohamm$ z a     

great & true man--great n only z a      
tea*]1 b z a patriot & /atesman2 a      
mat]ial z well z a spiritual build]1 :o 
con/ruct$ a nation & an endur+ ,fai?1   
:i* holds1 to a great] degree ?an mo/   
o!rs1 ! he>ts ( millions ( human be+s2 a
 man true to himself & 8 p1 b above all 
to 8 ,god4  ,! au?or has gone to !      
,koran itself = ! animat+ purpose (     
,mohamm$'s /r5u\s & noble life4 ,he     
believes t ! national good to be obta9$ 
only by ! recognition ( ! conception ( a
 ,god :o is bo? 8national & univ]sal0 0 
! dom9ant idea t impell$ & inspir$ !    
,prophet ( ,arabia4 ,9 8 appreciation ( 
,mohamm$'s tea*+s1 ,major ,leon>d has   
grasp$ ! real _s ( ,islam2 & bo? z      
reg>ds 8 moral & spiritual precepts1 z  
also ! enunciations respect+ ! duties ( 
e-day life1 ! au?or has giv5 ! ,arabian 
,prophet 8 due4 ,he dwells on ,mohamm$'s
 affection & sympa?y = ! weak1 !        
afflict$ & suff]+1 ) ! orphan & !       
/rick52 on 8 humanity to ! dumb         
creatures ( ,god2 on ! duties ( p>5ts to

 *ildr51 & ( *ildr5 to p>5ts2 on 8 burn+
 d5unciations ( ! t]rible crime ( female
 infanticide4  ,9 ! eigh? & la/ *apt]   
,major ,leon>d speaks ( ! debt ,europe  
owes to ,islam1 & endeav\rs to %[ t !   
religion ( ,mohamm$1 f> f be+           
antagoni/ic to human developm5t1 has    
mat]ially help$ 9 ! progress ( ! _w4 ,x 
is "p ( ,major ,leon>d's !sis t         
,*ri/ianity & ,islam belong to 8diff]5t 
sph]es ( influ5ce02 9 o!r words1 :il/   
,*ri/ianity is suit$ to c]ta9 races1    
,islam is peculi>ly suit$ to o!rs4      
,races & peoples adapt _! religions to  
_! own respective advancem5t1 & ! same  
religion v>ies among diff]5t communities
 accord+ to ! /age ( _! developm5t4 ,!  
,*ri/ianity ( ! b>b>\s ,s\? ,am]ican    
,gau*o is n ! same z t ( ! cultur$      
,engli%man1 nor is ! ,islam ( !         
cultivat$ ,moslem id5tical ) t pr(ess$  
by ignorant foll[]s ( ! ,fai?4 ,b x w\ld
 be h>d to say t philosophical          
,*ri/ianity exactly answ]s ! ne$s ( !   
l[] /rata ( ,*ri/5dom to :om ! positive 

directions ( a simple practical fai?    
might appeal ) great] =ce4 ,might n     
,islam1 ) its emphatic prohibition (    
dr9k1 ! prim>y cause ( all ! vice &     
crime 9 ,europe1 prove a f> great]      
civiliz+ ag5cy 9 ! slums ( ,european    
cities1 & d f> m good 9 reclaim+ !      
debas$1 ?an a religion :i* does n       
possess t positive "* & is only adapt$ =
 ideali/ic m9ds8  ,:atev] view a        
rationali/ may hold on ?is po9t1 ,i feel
 t ,major ,leon>d has laid ! _w (       
lit]ature "u a debt = 8 admirable       
monograph on a peculi>ly int]e/+        
subject4      ,,ame] ,,ali4             
,,cont5ts                               
,,page      ,,*apt] ,i      ,,!         
,,s-,,call$ ,,moslem ,,m5ace6           
#ac       ,,*apt] ,,ii      ,,an        
,,outl9e ,,( ,,mohamm$',s ,,temp]am5t   
,,& ,,*>act]i/ics                       
#bc       ,,*apt] ,,iii      ,,!        
,,environm5t ,,t ,,m\ld$ ,,mohamm$      
#ea       ,,*apt] ,,iv      ,,mohamm$',s
 ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,beliefs              

#ga       ,,*apt] ,v      ,,! ,,mat]ial 
,,& ,,o!r ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,prophet',s  
,,"*                                    
#hd       ,,*apt] ,,vi      ,a ,,brief  
,,summ>y ,,( ,,mohamm$',s ,,"w     ,,&  
,,wor?                                  
#aja       ,,*apt] ,,vii      ,,moslem  
,,morality ,,& ,,*ri/5dom',s ,,attitude 
,,t[>ds ,,islam                         
#aba       ,,*apt] ,,viii               
,,europe',s ,,debt ,,to ,,islam3 ,,e?nic
 ,,sph]es ,,(     ,,influ5ce            
#adb     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,! ,,s-,,call$    
,,moslem ,,m5ace6   ,= "s "t pa/1 b m   
especially dur+ ! la/ ye> or two1 x has 
become q ! fa%ion 9 ,europe to rail at &
 to suspect ! good fai? & motives ( !   
,moslem _w4 ,if we are to believe !     
,european ,press1 ,europe is 9 deadly   
dang]4 ,! 8,yell[ ,p]il0 ( a few ye>s   
ago has1 by means ( ! juggl+ ( mod]n    
j\rnalism1 clev]ly trans=m$ itself into 
! 8,moslem ,m5ace40 ,accord+ to ?is     
tr5*ant successor ( ! anci5t oracle1 !re
 is unre/ & see?+ turmoil ev]y:]e4 ,9   

,egypt1 a national conf$]ation2 9       
,morocco1 a crisis2 9 ! he>t ( ,africa1 
! ,s5ussi movem5t2 9 ,turkey & ,arabia1 
secret associations & agitation2 9      
,p]sia ev51 disaffection b co-op]ation4 
,9 "o ^w1 ,europe--,*ri/ian1 civiliz$ & 
un(f5d+ ,europe--is confront$ ) a       
,pan-,islamic conf$]ation1 t is         
co-op]at+ to a*ieve ! unity & !         
nationalization ( all ,islam1 ) !       
express object ( ultimately turn+ ^u    
,*ri/5dom1 & r5d+ h] into a ?\s& tatt]$ 
fragm5ts4  ,t !re has be5 no revival (  
8! *ronic conspiracy0 )9 our ,indian    
,empire1 is1 h[ev]1 easily expla9$4     
,?is1 :i* purpos$ to be a religi\s      
agitation among ,indian ,moslems1 0 an  
expression m famili> tw5ty-five ye>s ago
 & 0 attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ,wahabite
 oratory4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 possible t !  
pres5t agitation & unre/ among ! ,h9dus 
g5]ally1 b ! ,b5galis 9 p>ticul>1 has = 
! "t be+ at all ev5ts div]t$ ! att5tion 
( ! outside _w 9 o!r directions4 ,b x is
 also m or less g5]ally tak5 = grant$ t 

! ,moslem population ( ,india has sunk  
into a /ate ( political le?>gy1 :i* if x
 does n betok5 loyalty1 obvi\sly        
demon/rates a dumb & passive            
revolution>y torpor t is tantam\nt to x4
  ,t agitation & unre/ exi/ ?r\gh\t !   
,moslem _w w\ld be no?+ ei!r new or     
unusual4 ,9 a human s5se1 ,islam is     
id5tical ) ,*ri/5dom4 ,%e too has h]    
social functions1 h] political p>ties1  
associations1 conf$]ations & societies4 
,%e has h] religi\s sects & d5om9ations4
 ,z ) u1 s ) ,islam1 !re are aff9ities1 
& antipa?ies1 emulations & jeal\sies1   
competitions & rivalries1 likes &       
dislikes1 envy1 malice1 hatr$ & all     
un*>itabl5ess4 ,! int]e/ ( self         
pr$om9ates be=e all else4 ,9 k9d !re is 
c]ta9ly no diff]5ce1 9 degree x is      
possible t ,europe may be a /ep or two  
high]4 ,b ?is is n ! po9t t ,i w\ld "h  
emphasize4 ,to fall back on ! "t-hon\r$ 
maxim1 immortaliz$ by ,%akespe>e1       
comp>isons ( ?is k9d are incompatible if
 n odi\s4 ,besides1 recrim9ation is z   

futile z x is injudici\s & undignifi$4  
,x is n ( moral discrepancies on ei!r   
side t ,i w\ld speak4 ,nor h ,i any wi% 
to rake up ! l[-ly+ s$im5t1 or to di/urb
 ! /ill wat]s :i* are runn+ deep 9 !    
great ocean ( ,moslem life4 ,"u !       
conditions t prevail1 x is assur$ly be/ 
to let sleep+ dogs lie4 ,left alone !y  
are mu* less tr\blesome4 ,!re is always 
! possibility t !y may ov]sleep !mselves
 & fall into a dormant & inactive /ate4 
,9 ?is way ! /ill wat]s ( s$ition &     
agitation soon f9d _! own level--! emb]s
 ( revolt may at times fl>e up1 b !y    
soon flick] out4  ,x is ( ! moral &     
spiritual utility1 ) ! s\l ( ,islam1 t  
,i am n[ ab\t to deal4 ,= ,islam1       
believe me1 has a s\l--a s9c]e & e>ne/  
s\l1 a great & pr(\nd s\l--t is wor?    
kn[+4 ,x is 9 ?is s\l t ! :ole k]nel &  
ess5ce ( ,islam lies4 ,a ?or\gh k & a   
cle> compreh5sion ( ?is great _s w alone
 enable ! /atesm5 & ?9k]s ( ,europe to  
und]/& ! complex problems ( s-call$     
,pan-,islamism4 ,to obta9 ?is grasp1    

h[ev]1 c]ta9 qualifications are         
absolutely ess5tial4 ,x is              
necess>y--e4g41 to approa* ! subject f a
 rational & reasonable /&po9t--to deta* 
! m9d f all preconceiv$ dogmas &        
op9ions2 to lay aside all prejudices1   
racial1 religi\s1 social & o!rwise1 &   
all bigotries & intol]ance2 to be conf9$
 to no "o cre$1 sect or d5om9ation ( any
 k9d1 sort or description1 b ! "o great 
_w ( ,humanity t1 9 ! eyes ( ,nature1 is
 ( "o s\l & body4 ,?is may be a l>ge1 or
 z c\s9 ,jona?an w\ld call x1 a tall1   
ord]4 ,x bulks big & s\nds pond]\s4 ,9  
face ( :at human nature is1 x appe>s    
impracticable4 ,b ev5 9 human nature !re
 are exceptions & possibilities4 ,an    
aspect su* z ?is1 !n1 ?\gh improbable1  
is c]ta9ly possible1 if exceptional4    
,let u presume at lea/ t 9 ?is in/ance x
 is s4 ,x is1 at all ev5ts1 on ^! broad 
l9es t ! foll[+ pages h be5 writt54 ,x  
is ! true _s ( human sympa?y & fell[%ip 
t has mov$ me--! sympa?y & fell[%ip t   
w\ld draw toge!r1 or at lea/ ne>] to ea*

 o!r1 ! worlds ( ,*ri/5dom & ,islam4  ,!
 bett] to a*ieve my object1 ,i h        
consult$ no works on ei!r ,mohamm$ or   
,islam1 b h gone /raight to ! s\rce or  
f\nta9 head--to ,mohamm$ himself1 !     
,koran1 & to ,moslems ( v>i\s           
nationalities ) :om ,i h be5 br\ght into
 close & p]sonal t\* dur+ a wide & a    
v>i$ exp]i5ce4 ,x is "h 9 ! man & 8 "w t
 ! true s\l ( ,islam is to be f\nd4 ,j z
 9 its f\nd]s & f\ndations lies ! he>t &
 ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 x is 9 & out ( ! 
m]its z well z dem]its ( ,mohamm$'s "w1 
t we %all =m ! true e/imate ( ,islamic  
utility4 ,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m4   
,m5 d n ga!r figs ( ?orns1 or grapes (  
?i/les4 ,mohamm$ mo/ c]ta9ly did n4 ,z  
he s[$1 s he has reap$6 ,s he is /ill   
reap+4 ,! ,koran 0 ! imm$iate consequ5ce
 ( 8 conc5tration & communion ) ,nature 
& ,nature's ,god3 ,islam ! natural      
result4 ,9 o!r words1 ,islam is !       
devotion ( ,moslems to ,mohamm$ & !     
,koran--8 "w1 plus _! pati5t resignation
 & entire submission to ,god1 ,8 w & ,8 

s]vice6 ,! man ( fix$ & un*ang+ purpose 
has a supreme contempt = ob/acles4 ,b   
:51 z 9 ,mohamm$'s case1 t purpose is ! 
glorification ( ,god1 he has at h& a    
lev] t c move ! _w4 ,9 ?is peculi> s5se 
! great ,prophet ( ,arabia 0            
self-conta9$4 ,he _h ev]y?+ )9 himself3 
t ev]y?+ c5tr$ 9 ,god & ,arabian unity4 
,he s\ght only :at he ne$$4 ,?is 0 to   
unify ,god & 8 c\ntry4 ,h[ he succe$$ is
 a matt] ( hi/ory4  ,d',aubign 9 8      
hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 speak+ ( ,lu!r1  
says3 8,m51 :5 design$ by ,god to       
influ5ce _! contempor>ies1 are fir/     
seiz$ & drawn along by ! peculi>        
t5d5cies ( _! age40 ,und\bt$ly ?is1 9 a 
great measure1 is s4 ,x is q evid5t t   
,mohamm$ 0 influ5c$ 9 ?is way4 ,yet x is
 also obvi\s t he 0 n s mu* seiz$ by !  
peculi> t5d5cies ( 8 age 7= 9 _m ways he
 0 f> 9 advance ( x71 z t he 0 obsess$ &
 dom9at$ by ! en]gy or _s ( ,god1 &     
utiliz$ ^! special features ) ! design (
 dissem9at+ ?is ov]ma/]+ ,god possession
 to o!rs4  8,!re are b ?ree sorts (     

p]sons10 ,pascal us$ to say3 8^? :o s]ve
 ,god1 hav+ f\nd ,him2 ^? :o employ     
!mselves 9 seek+ ,him1 n hav+ f\nd ,him2
 & ^? :o live )\t seek+ ,him or hav+    
f\nd ,him4 ,! fir/ are reasonable &     
happy2 ! la/ are mad & mis]able2 !      
int]m$iate are mis]able & reasonable40  
,if ev] man on ?is e>? f\nd ,god1 if ev]
 man devot$ 8 life to ,god's s]vice ) a 
good & a great motive1 x is c]ta9 t !   
,prophet ( ,arabia 0 t man4 ,t on ! :ole
 & 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w he 0           
reasonable1 is be/ se5 9 ! result :i* 8 
lab\r a*iev$4 ,t he 0 happy1 is q ano!r 
matt]4 ,real z is our exi/5ce1 happ9ess 
at be/ is b an ephem]al phase ( x4 ,yet 
!re is mu* tru? 9 ! ass]tion1 t gaiety  
seeks ! cr[d1 :ile happ9ess loves sil5ce
 & solitude z ,mohamm$ himself did4 ,9  
any case1 if ! satisfaction :i* ensues z
 ! consequ5ce ( duty done1 & well done1 
is happ9ess2 if ! consci\sness t he has 
done 8 be/ 9 all s9c]ity &              
consci5ti\sness1 gives happ9ess to !    
ego1 !n x is possible to assume t 9     

bequea?+ ! gr& h]itage ( ,islam to      
po/]ity1 ,mohamm$ mu/ h gone to 8 f9al  
re/ 9 a /ate ( supreme happ9ess4        
,self-belief--8t ?+ giv5 to man by 8    
,creator10 z ,c>lyle calls x--01 z ,i   
%all %[1 a sali5t feature 9 ,mohamm$'s  
"*4 ,m ?an half a ,b$aw9 7or :at 0      
practically ! same ?+1 pass+ a great "p 
( 8 life 9 des]ts71 ?is 0 only natural4 
,b he did n all[ ?is self-consci\sness  
to deg5]ate1 ei!r into vanity or        
egotism4 ,x nei!r spoilt nor conqu]$    
him4 ,he knew 8 own weakness--none      
bett]--!re=e reli$ all ! m on ! p[] (   
,god4 ,x 0 ?is outside influ5ce :i*     
react$ on him s p[]fully f )94 ,x 0 ?is 
judici\s bl5d or amalgam ( two seem+ly  
diff]5t ?\ght-curr5ts1 :i* 7 9 reality  
only a bifurcation ( ! same curr5t1 t   
gave him all 8 /r5g?4 ,x 0 ?is unique   
comb9ation ( an app>5t dualism 7?r\gh   
int5se m5tal conc5tration7 9 "o div9e   
,monism t gave ,mohamm$ victory ov] e   
ob/acle4 ,x 0 ?is compress$ "o-ness--!  
mo/ sublime triumph ( individual        

conc5tration 9 ! _w's hi/ory--t c>ri$   
,islam into ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,x 0
 ?is c5tralization ( moral or religi\s  
gravity t swell$ ! belief ( "o man--a   
mode/ camel-driv+ trad] only--into !    
p]f]vid belief ( hundr$s ( millions4 8,=
 giv5 a s9c]e man1 y h giv5 a ?+ wor?   
att5d+ to4 ,s9ce s9c]ity1 :at is x b a  
divorce f e>? & e>?ly feel+s80  ,"o ?+  
m4 ,to ?or\ghly compreh5d ! _s (        
,mohamm$ or ! s\l ( ,islam1 ! /ud5t     
himself mu/ be ?or\ghly 9 e>ne/ & s9c]e4
 ,he mu/ 9 addition possess t moral1    
m5tal & intellectual sympa?y :i* gives !
 ego an insight into human subtleties z 
well z simplicities4 ,he mu/ take       
,mohamm$ & ,islam z he f9ds !m--9 ! same
 int5sely s9c]e _s t con/itut$ ! "o &   
inculcat$ ! o!r4 ,he mu/ at ! outset    
recognize t ,mohamm$ 0 no m]e spiritual 
p$l>1 no vulg> "t-s]v+ vagrant1 b "o ( !
 mo/ pr(\ndly s9c]e & e>ne/ spirits (   
any age or epo*4 ,a man n only great1 b 
"o ( ! greate/--i4e4 true/--m5 t        
,humanity has ev] produc$4 ,great1 i4e4 

n simply z a prophet1 b z a patriot & a 
/atesman3 a mat]ial z well z a spiritual
 build] :o con/ruct$ a great nation1 a  
great] empire1 & m ev5 ?an all ^!1 a    
/ill great] ,fai?4 ,true1 moreov]1      
because he 0 true to himself1 to 8 p1 & 
above all to 8 ,god4 ,recogniz+ ?is1 he 
w ?us ackn[l$ge t ,islam is a pr(\nd &  
true cult1 :i* /rives to uplift its     
vot>ies f ! dep?s ( human d>kness upw>ds
 into ! high] realm ( ,light & ,tru?4 ,x
 is 9 ?is deep s5se ( e>ne/ness1 & 9 ?is
 t5se b ev5-m9d$ _s ( equity1 t ,i h    
endeav\r$ to make my /udy bo? rational &
 psy*ological3 9 o!r words1 reasonable &
 true to ! _s4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 ,i h  
avoid$ ^? n>r[ & devili% pitfalls (     
racial1 cre$al & col\r prejudices--t    
awful curse ( ,humanity1 t insup]able   
b>ri] to ! cult ( ,humanit>ianism--:i*  
leads to ! deadly canc] (               
,misconception4 ,f9ally--mak+ due       
all[ance = space limitations--,i h      
endeav\r$ to ! be/ ( my ability to get  
to ! root ( all t is good & great 9 !   

immortal "w ( ?is lead] ( m5 :o 0 s good
 & s great 9 e s5se4 ,9 ?is way only is 
x possible to get at ! tru?4 ,%all[1    
sup]ficial & p>adoxical inquiries are   
m]e empty vanities z utt]ly useless1 f a
 human /&po9t1 z ^? :i* are biass$ &    
"o-sid$4 ,to rea* ! dep?s1 to t\* !     
bottom1 to get to ! root ( any true     
man's motives1 s9c]ity & ?or\ghness are 
z ess5tial z intellectual acum5 &       
pr(undity4  ,9 ?is %ort /udy my "o idea 
all ?r\gh has be5 to del9eate ,mohamm$ z
 he 0 & ,islam z %e is4 ,= ?is reason ,i
 h nei!r pa9t$ !m ) my own col\r+1 nor  
introduc$ into _! natural complexion any
 outside fle% t9ts4 ,9 pla9 ,engli%1 ,i 
h n plac$ ^u _! beliefs & pr9ciples a   
con/ruction t1 be+ e?nically =eign to ! 
entire sociological sy/em ^u :i* !y are 
bas$1 w\ld h be5 a fundam5tal error1 at 
complete v>iance ) !m4     ,,*apt] ,,ii 
,,an ,,outl9e ,,( ,,mohamm$',s          
,,temp]am5t ,,& ,,*>act]i/ics   ,"o ( ! 
fir/ ?\ghts t a v c>eful p]usal ( !     
,koran br+s home to me1 is ! int5se     

humanity ( ,mohamm$ & 8 "w4 ,! m "o     
/udies ! v>i\s motives t l$ to 8 s-call$
 revelations1 ! m "o is /ruck by ! /rong
 associations t connect ^! div9e        
messages & ord9ances ) ! actions &      
movem5ts t 7 go+ on all r\nd him1 z well
 z 9 8 own m9d--ow+ 9 a great measure to
 8 own prea*+4  ,9 e/imat+ ! moral value
 ( ei!r ,*ri/ianity or ,islam1 x is     
necess>y to take into consid]ation1 also
 to make all[ance =1 ! times 9 :i* _!   
f\nd]s liv$4 ,to attempt to judge "o or 
o!r ( !m f ! sci5tific /&po9t ( mod]n   
culture & civilization w\ld be n only   
unev5 b impossible4 ,to gauge ! /&>d (  
_! m5tal & moral atta9m5ts1 ! /ud5t mu/ 
inve/igate _! "w1 & comp>e1 !n contra/1 
x ) ! g5]al intellectual level ( _! own 
age4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 he %\ld try  
&1 if possible1 realize :at effect !    
adv5t & ! doctr9es advocat$ by !m 79 !  
"o case "s #a1ijj ye>s1 & 9 ! o!r #a1cjj
 ye>s ago7 w\ld n[ produce4 ,9 ?is way  
only is x feasible to arrive at a true &
 legitimate conclusion4 ,b 9 do+ s1 !   

inquir] mu/ dive/1 c]ta9ly dissociate   
himself1 f all exi/+ ideas on ! subject1
 & deal ) x z x is1 & n :at he ?9ks x   
ought to be4  ,! m "o /udies ! ,koran1 !
 m obvi\s does x become t ,mohamm$ _h a 
p[]fully receptive m9d1 & a specially   
ret5tive memory4 ,not)/&+ t he 0        
illit]ate1 unable ev5 to read & write1 x
 is cle> t he 0 well v]s$ 9 all ! t5ets 
& traditions ( 8 own p & ( ! ,jews2 & t 
9 addition he _h made himself acqua9t$ )
 "s ( ! doctr9es & dogmas ( ! ,*ri/ian  
,gospels4 ,x is above all c]ta9 t = a   
great numb] ( ye>s ,mohamm$ conc5trat$ 8
 m9d !reon ) ! =ce & int5sity ( a s9c]e 
& ard5t nature4 ,b fir/ & =emo/ ! "o    
great idea ( ! be+1 unity & provid5ce ( 
,god pr$om9at$ all 8 ?\ghts4 ,act+ on a 
temp]am5t t 0 highly emotional1 &       
p]ceptibly neurotic or melan*olic1 !    
revelations embodi$ 9 ! ,koran 7 !      
natural result ( s long & cont9u\s a    
conc5tration4 ,/ill x is equally obvi\s 
t comb9+ ) ?is emotionalism & neura/h5ia
 0 a /rong ve9 ( comm]cialism & common  

s5se1 also m>k$ political & adm9i/rative
 ability4 ,x is fur!r evid5t t 9        
,mohamm$'s "* !re comm+l$ a v curi\s &  
conflict+ numb] ( elem5ts & t5d5cies4   
,dom9at+ all ( ^!1 h[ev]1 0 an int5se   
zeal1 an insatiable ambition1 an ov]p[]+
 individuality & egotism1 & an          
inflexible dogg$ness & det]m9ation to   
atta9 8 own ends4 ,to conv]t1 t is1 !   
weakness & dis9tegration ( ! v>i\s      
tribes t compos$ ! ,arab nation into !  
union ( "o consolidat$ :ole1 ) himself &
 family at its head1 z a human          
repres5tation ( ! unity & supremacy ( ! 
"o & only ,god4 ,?is latt]1 z we "k1 0 9
 no way orig9al4 ,x is cle> all ?r\gh\t 
t he _h pr(it$ f 8 k ( ,jewi% tradition 
& exp]i5ce1 & t he bas$ 8 !ory on !     
dogmas ( ,moses & ,abraham4 ,he _h long 
s9ce realiz$ t x 0 ! wor%ip ( _! own    
tribal & communal gods by ! memb]s ( !  
v>i\s ,arab tribes & communities t      
acc5tuat$ ! diff]5ces & divisions betwe5
 !m4 ,he det]m9$1 !re=e1 z ! ,jewi%     
lead]s long be=e him _h attempt$1 to    

consolidate & weld !m into a s+le       
nation1 ?r\gh ! wor%ip ( ! "o supreme & 
indivisible ,god4 ,x 0 on & ?r\gh ?is   
div9e indivisibility t he decid$ to base
 & con/ruct ! unity & nationalization ( 
! p4  ,unque/ionably ,mohamm$'s movem5t 
0 z mu* political z x 0 religi\s1 z mu* 
mat]ial z x 0 spiritual4 ,b be+ ( a     
pr(\ndly reflective1 at ! same "t ( a   
practical1 turn ( m9d1 he *ose religion 
z ! only possible & ?or\ghly reliable   
means ( a*iev+ 8 great & noble ends2 n  
only possible & ?or\gh1 h[ev]1 b ! mo/  
pot5tial4 ,mohamm$1 9 fact1 judg$ !     
capacity & *>act]i/ics ( 8 c\ntrym5 to a
 nicety4 ,unconsci\sly--= legislation to
 him 0 a natural h]itage--he foll[$ !   
example ( ! mo/ fam\s legislators1 &    
in/itut$ su* laws z at ! "t 7 ! be/ t ! 
p 7 capable ( receiv+4 ,tactful &       
diplomatic to a degree1 x 0 policy on 8 
"p to reta9 a c]ta9 numb] ( ! old       
beliefs & cu/oms 9 ord] to satisfy ! p4 
,he knew1 none bett]1 ! fi]ce & turbul5t
 temp] ( 8 c\ntrym51 & h[ x 0 mo/       

politic to deal ) !m4 ,9 mak+ ?is       
concession he %[$ 8 political wisdom1 if
 n a c]ta9 bread? & greatness (         
/atecraft4 ,aft] all x 01 f an indep5d5t
 /&po9t1 b a small concession z comp>$  
to ! prize t he got 9 return = x4 ,x 0 a
 compromise 9 o!r words4 ,yet ?is & 8   
own evid5ce 9 ! ,koran is important z   
%[+ t ,mohamm$ 0 n s mu* 9 a /rict s5se 
! orig9ator ( a new cre$ z he 0 a re=m] 
& ! r5ovator ( an old "o4 ,x 0 ! impress
 ( 8 great p]sonality1 di/+ui%$ z ?is 0 
by ! int5se s9c]ity & e>ne/ness ( 8     
nature1 t has left its m>k on human     
hi/ory4  ,mohamm$ 0 a ?9k] & a work] n  
only = 8 own1 b = all "t4 ,he recogniz$ 
t man 0 equally a political & religi\s  
product ( ,god's creation4 ,he und]/ood 
t z a c\nt]poise to man's mat]ialism &  
to ! de/ructive 9 8 nature1 is t        
indef9able ess5ce :i* we call !         
spiritual & ! con/ructive4 ,! m "o looks
 into & und]/&s ! ,koran1 ! m obvi\s is 
x t ,mohamm$ conc5trat$ all ! active &  
vigor\s en]gies ( 8 vivid & p[]ful      

imag9ation1 also 8 virile m5tality1 on !
 accompli%m5t ( 8 great design4 ,=      
design x c]ta9ly 04 ,! wi% und\bt$ly 0  
fa!r to ! ?\ght4 ,n1 h[ev]1 9 an        
invidi\s s5se1 b 9 ! firm conviction t  
design & n accid5t or *ance is "o ( !   
controll+ pr9ciples ( ,god & ,8         
creation1 & t1 consi/5t ) ?is pr9ciple1 
he1 ,mohamm$1 _h be5 *os5 z ! div9e     
ag5t4 ,p]sonal ambition & aggr&izem5t   
nev] = a mom5t ent]$ 8 head1 or =m$ "p (
 x4 ,! national good1 to be atta9$ only 
by a national or univ]sal ,god--! "o &  
only ,god ( ! univ]se--0 ! "o great     
ambition t inspir$ & impell$ him4       
,because al?\gh e "o = himself & ,god = 
u all is presumably a natural law1      
,mohamm$ manag$ to evade x4 ,b 9 evad+  
x1 he 0 n revolution>y4 ,on ! contr>y1 9
 ?is way he rose "o /ep upw>d above !   
l[] human level t[>ds t high] humanity  
:i* approa*es ! div9e4  ,?is design1 z  
,i h j said1 orig9at$ f ! doctr9e (     
div9e unity attribut$ to ,moses &       
,abraham4 ,inde$1 z "o reads ! ,koran   

c>efully & /eadily ?r\gh f beg9n+ to    
end1 x is manife/$ 9 e surah--almo/1 9  
fact1 on e page4 ,! :ole "w1 9 fact1 is 
saturat$ ) ! "o idea1 inspir$ by ! "o   
?\ght4 ,ev]y:]e !re is evid5ce ( ! f9al 
object 9 view1 ! unconqu]able w1 !      
inflexible resolve1 ! fix$ purpose1 !   
indomitable p]sev]ance1 ! unyield+      
p]si/5cy1 ! inf9ite & int]m9able        
pati5ce1 ! calm endurance1 ! irresi/ible
 c\rage1 & ! grim t5acity ( ! ego4 ,s   
mu* s is ?is evid5t1 t :5 ,i comp>e ?is 
det]m9ism ) ! neurotic elem5t 9         
,mohamm$'s "*1 ,i am oblig$ to admit t !
 balance rema9s ) ! =m]4 ,yet--& ?is ,i 
?9k is ! /range/ feature ab\t ?is /range
 b comm&+ p]sonality--!re is no gett+   
away f ! fact t he 0 mu* "u ! influ5ce (
 ! latt]4  ,x is1 ( c\rse1 possible t   
,mohamm$ 0 :at 9 ,arabia is call$ a     
8,saudawi10 or p]son ( melan*oly        
temp]am5t--:at n[adays w\ld be call$ a  
hypo*ondriacal dyspeptic4 ,melan*olia is
 a compla9t t ! ,arabs are subject to1  
/ud5ts1 philosoph]s & lit]>y m5 m       

especially4 ,a di/a/e = society1 a long+
 = solitude1 an unsettl$ habit ( m9d1 & 
a neglect ( worldly affairs are always  
attribut$ to x4 ,x is v probably--to "s 
ext5t at lea/--z ,burton sugge/s1 !     
effect ( ov]work+ ! bra9 9 a hot1 dry   
atmosph]e2 also due 9 "s measure to !   
highly n]v\s & bili\s temp]am5t         
con/itutional to ! ,arabs3 a temp]am5t t
 9 ,mohamm$'s case 0 aggravat$ by       
excessive emotionalism4  ,x is cle> t   
once ,mohamm$ got hold (1 or 0 obsess$  
by1 ! idea t he 0 ,god's *os5 mess5g]1 &
 t 8 say+s 7 inspir$ by ,god 7a v old & 
primitive belief rememb]73 or r z soon z
 ev] ,khadija & o!rs ( 8 h\sehold 7     
imbu$ ) ! idea1 !n he nev] relax$ 8 hold
 ( x = a mom5t4 ,! confid5ce ( ^? ab\t  
him1 8 fai?ful sp\se m especially1 gave 
him confid5ce 9 himself4 ,confid5ce     
eng5d]$ conviction1 & conviction l$ to !
 ,koran & ! ultimate triumph ( 8 cause4 
,t he 0 s9c]e 9 all ?is1 !re is n !     
slighte/ d\bt1 b 9 tak+ ! measure ( 8   
s9c]ity we mu/ be guid$ entirely by !   

fact t he 0 ess5tially a man :o _h long 
be=e made up 8 m9d to br+ ab\t ! unity (
 8 c\ntry4 ,inde$ ! :ole hi/ory (       
,khadija's association ) ! matt] %[s    
?is4 ,to be a prophet 9 8 own c\ntry or 
h\sehold1 a man mu/ inspire respect1 or 
! /ill great] feel+ ( v5]ation4 ,no man1
 unless he is e>ne/ & dev\t1 c\ld       
possibly impress ! memb]s ( 8 family4   
,!y are b\nd to f9d him out4 ,?is       
applies all ! m =cibly to an ea/]n      
h\sehold 9 :i* polygamy prevails1 & t is
 made up ( s _m oppos+ elem5ts &        
conflict+ int]e/s1 ! atmosph]e ( :i* is 
only too (t5 "o necess>ily ( envies1    
jeal\sies1 rivalries1 suspicions1       
intrigues1 & ev5 conspiracies4 ,if      
,mohamm$ _h be5 ins9c]e1 if in/ead (    
convictions1 8 belief _h be5 a m]e      
pr(ession or a %am2 if x _h n be5 "o (  
au/]e1 rigid practice & self-d5ial1 !n  
^? ab\t him w\ld nei!r h be5 impress$1  
nor w\ld !y h esp\s$ 8 cause z w>mly &  
valiantly z !y did4 ,n only 7 !y        
impress$1 h[ev]1 b conv9c$1 & x 0 _!    

convictions t /r5g!n$ & confirm$ 8 own  
fai?4 ,b once he _h ga9$ _! confid5ce1 8
 mission 0 assur$4 ,!re 0 no d\bt :atev]
 !n 9 8 own m9d t he 0 ,god's *os5      
apo/le1 to :om ,god _h reveal$ ,8 ^w--! 
words ( tru? & life4 ,f ?is out1 8 own  
vig\r1 8 own extraord9>y individuality &
 inflexibility c>ri$ him ?r\gh f beg9n+ 
to end4 ,once o!rs believ$ 9 & reli$ on 
him1 8 own lat5t self-reliance grew into
 a liv+ & active factor t c>ri$ all be=e
 x4 ,b z he look$ at x1 all 8 /r5g? 0 f 
,god4 ,god 0 at 8 elb[ & 9 8 he>t1 !re=e
 he c\ld n fail4 ,no?+1 9 fact1 %[s     
bett] ?an ?is aspect ( ! matt] h[ v wise
 & all-kn[+ 78 con/ant refra9 ab\t ,god 
9 ! ,koran7 ,mohamm$ himself 04 ,h[     
tactful & diplomatic1 b above all1 h[   
deep 8 k ( human nature4 ,_h ,khadija & 
8 h\sehold n believ$ 9 him1 x is safe to
 assume t !n !re w\ld h be5 no ,prophet 
& no ,islam4 ,z ,novalis says3 8,my     
conviction ga9s inf9itely ! mom5t ano!r 
s\l w believe 9 x40 ,s x 0 ) ,mohamm$4  
,s x is ) u all4 ,s ,c>lyle pi?ily      

obs]ves3 8,a false man f\nd a religion8 
,:y a false man _c build a brick h\se60 
,i h already %[n t ,mohamm$ 0 n false4  
,b nei!r did he f\nd a religion4 ,ap>t f
 ! fact t he 0 a reality1 & z true z any
 ( ! _w's great prophets1 ,mohamm$ 0    
unable to p]=m ! impossible4 ,religion z
 a natural product 0 beyond 8           
compreh5sion & pot5tialities4 ,islam l  
,*ri/ianity 0 a cre$--a human or        
artificial developm5t--! heal?y &       
vigor\s (fspr+ ( a noble & sublime1 yet 
9 no s5se orig9al conception4 ,b !re 0  
no dem]it 9 ?is want ( orig9ality4      
,because z ,c>lyle says3 8,! m]it (     
orig9ality is n novelty2 x is s9c]ity03 
& ) reg>d to ,mohamm$1 ?is has be5 m ?an
 once ackn[l$g$4  ,laun*$ ^u ! _w (     
,arabia 9 no false & unreal _s1 b ) ! _s
 ( grim s9c]ity & e>ne/ness1 ,islam has 
prov$ its /ability spiritually &        
mat]ially1 ! pres5t result ( :i* speaks 
= itself4 ,x is en\gh to say t a cre$ ^:
 foll[]s n[ numb] ov] #bej1jjj1jjj1 or  
"s #ae p] c5t4 ( ! human race 7an "u- r 

?an an ov]-e/imate71 c\ld h sprung f a  
heal?y & vigor\s se$ only--a se$ t has  
be5 n\ri%$ & kept alive by ! vital sp>k 
( human sympa?ies1 hopes & aspirations4 
,:at appe>s to me z s rem>kable & s     
significant1 s truly *>act]i/ic ( ! man1
 is ! way 9 :i* he nev] lets g 8 grip ( 
! c5tral idea & purpose1 b foll[s x up  
/ep by /ep4 ,& z he foll[s1 he makes e  
po9t t he c1 seizes e opportunity1 takes
 e advantage ( e ord9>y ev5t & occurr5ce
 t is go+ on ar\nd him1 makes ! be/ ( e 
rev]se1 turns ev5 8 set-backs & rev]ses 
into moral victories2 & accepts x all z 
inevitable ) ! calmness ( a philosophy t
 emanat$ f 8 own wondr\s egoism & t     
inexhau/ible fund ( pati5ce & res]ve (  
c\rage :i* s di/+ui%es 8 "*4 ,9 ?is     
respect alone ,mohamm$ truly 0 a        
rem>kable man--a man inf9itely above1 n 
only 8 surr\nd+s1 b 8 age4 ,) ,mohamm$1 
n only 0 ! great fact ( 8 own exi/5ce   
great to him1 b 9 almo/ e page ( !      
,koran x is obvi\s t ,god's omnipres5ce 
& omnipot5ce _h made a pr(\nd & la/+    

impression on him4 ,ev]y:]e & 9         
ev]y?+--9 natural objects m             
especially--he saw & felt ! h& & ! p[] (
 ,god4 ,& to him x 0 a p[] s ov]:elm+ly 
t]rific & transc5d5t 9 all its aspects1 
t x defi$ description & demon/rat$ !    
insignificance & impot5ce ( man4 ,9 m   
s5ses ?an "o he 0 a pan!i/4 ,to him1    
ei!r ,god 0 ,nature & ,nature ,god1 or  
,god 0 9 ,nature & ,nature 0 9 ,god4 ,at
 bottom ( him ! old primitive belief 0  
!re1 b 9 unity & conc5tration he saw    
/r5g?4 ,9 8 m9d !re 0 no room1 no place1
 = less] deities4 ,! p[] & ! spl5d\r ( !
 "o creative ,god--:o liv$ & mov$ & _h  
,8 be+ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 ov]%ad[$1 or1 
r1 _h absorb$1 !m all4 ,9 ! grim sil5ce 
( ! des]t1 9 ! va/ness ( ! heav5s1 9 !  
great inf9ity ( space1 9 ! sc9tillation 
( ! />s1 9 e fibre ( 8 own consci\sness1
 ,god 0 ) him4 ,to ,mohamm$ ,god 0 n a  
p]sonal be+ b ! ,god & ,mak] ( ! univ]se
 & all mank9d4 ,) him ! entire !me &    
volume ( 8 /ream ( ?\ght 0 ,god & 8     
religion4 ,com+ f ! core & c5tre ( him z

 x did1 ev5 ?r\gh ! long vi/a ( ?irte5  
c5turies1 "o c picture ?is ov]ma/]+     
elem5t 9 e l9e ( 8 /]n-set & yet g5tle  
face3 a face reflective & speak+1 t n   
only _h a hi/ory /amp$ ^u e feature1 b a
 great1 a /r5u\s1 & a comm&+ hi/ory4 ,9 
v9o v]itas is z true to-day z :5 fir/ x 
0 utt]$4 ,s too ! saw1 t 8ma/]%ip l w9e 
unmasks ! man40 ,b ,mohamm$ ne$$ no     
unmask+4 ,god & ! tru?--! tru? ab\t ,god
 z x dom9at$ him--0 ! ri*1 /rong w9e :i*
 c\rs$ ?r\gh e ve9 & fibre ( 8 m5tal    
organism1 /imulat+ & spurr+ him onw>ds  
to a su/a9$ & cont9u\s ef=t t end$ only 
9 dea?4 ,a s9c]e & e>ne/ man1 a natural1
 !re=e a deeply religi\s man1 to him    
,god 0 also a ,dayyan 7"o ( ! n9ety-n9e 
epi!ts ( ,god71 i4e4 8,a weigh] ( good &
 evil02 ,"o :o comput$ & settl$ acc\nts2
 ! hold] ( ! ev5 balance & scales (     
ju/ice1 ! ,judge & ,arbit] ( all mank9d4
  ,b ap>t f ^! functions1 ! p[] &       
sublimity ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 z he saw x 
express$ 9 ! sil5t gr&eur ( ! des]t1 !  
dea?-l /illness ( ! s&y sea1 ! fr[n+    

rugg$ness & maje/y ( ! m\nta9s1 ! imm5se
 univ]sality ( ,nature1 0 always be=e 8 
eyes & 9 all 8 ?\ghts4 ,full ( ?is      
feel+1 ( ! awe & v5]ation innate 9 man &
 co-exi/5t ) ! et]nal ages1 he bur/s out
 9 ! second surah3 8,god6 !re is no ,god
 b ,he2 ! liv+1 ! self-subsi/+3 nei!r   
slumb] nor sleep seize? ,him2 to ,him   
belonge? :atsoev] is 9 heav51 & on e>?4 
,:o is he t c int]c$e ) ,him1 b ?r\gh ,8
 good pleasure8 ,he kn[e? t :i* is pa/1 
& t :i* is to come unto !m1 & !y %all n 
compreh5d any?+ ( ,8 k1 b s f> z ,he    
please?4 ,8 ?rone is ext5d$ ov] heav5 & 
e>?1 & ! pres]vation ( bo? is no burd5  
unto ,him4 ,he is ! high & mighty40  ,z 
a natural outbur/ ( emotions &          
convictions t _h be5 p5t up )9 8 own    
inn] consci\sness1 t 7 ! (fspr+ ( "s    
tw5ty ye>s ( j\rney+s to & fro across ! 
des]ts :]e 8,am90 ! fai?ful "o 0 9      
direct & con/ant contact ) ,nature1 &   
(t5 9 sil5t communion ) ! ,inf9ite1 ^!  
few words are truly magnific5t &        
sublime2 magnific5t n only = ! boldness 

& sublimity ( _! imag]y & conception1 b 
magnific5t also ) ! int5sity & pr(undity
 ( true s9c]ity4 ,few1 b all ! m pi?y = 
t1 ^! words are f ! he>t & s\l ( !      
man--a man :o speaks n unadvis$ly ) 8   
lips1 b :o feels ) e n]ve & fibre ( 8   
int5sely emotional be+4 ,!y are 7z he   
himself feels7 ! outp\r+ ( an           
insignificant & impot5t atom1 yet ( a   
s9c]e & e>ne/ man approa*+ 9 all        
humility & v5]ation1 & ) ! loyalty &    
allegiance ( a true believ] & s]vant1 ! 
great1 invisible ,he1 :o holds him & all
 creatures 9 ! holl[ ( ,8 mighty h&4  ,9
 a conv]sation t ,lu!r _h "o day ) "s   
fri5ds at table1 he spoke ( ! _w z a va/
 & magnific5t pack ( c>ds compos$ (     
emp]ors1 k+s1 pr9ces & s =?4 ,= sev]al  
ages ^! _h be5 vanqui%$ by ! ,pope4 ,!n 
,god _h come ^u ! sc5e1 & *os5 ! 8ace10 
! v smalle/ c>d 9 ! pack--himself1 9 a  
^w--& ov]?r[n ?is conqu]or ( worldly    
p[]s & pr9cipalities4 ,mohamm$1 z mu* z 
,lu!r1 0 "o ( 8,god's ,aces40 ,seldom1  
inde$1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 has s great a 

human riv] fl[$ f a s\rce s puny4 ,nev] 
did ! div9e manife/ itself 9 a s+le pip1
 s seem+ly small & insignificant z a    
cause1 yet s pre-em95tly & consi/5tly   
great z an effect6  8,m510 says ,dumas 9
 "o ( 8 hi/orico-romantic ma/]pieces1   
8are visible1 palpable1 moral4 ,y c     
meet1 attack1 subdue !m2 & :5 !y are    
subdu$ y c subject !m to trial & hang   
!m4 ,b ideas y _c oppose 9 t way4 ,!y   
glide unse52 !y p5etrate2 !y hide       
!mselves especially f ! sight ( ^? :o   
w\ld de/roy !m4 ,hidd5 9 ! dep?s ( !    
s\l1 !y !re ?r[ out deep roots4 ,! m y  
cut (f ! bran*es :i* imprud5tly appe>1 !
 m p[]ful & inextirpable become ! roots 
bel[4  8,an idea is a "y giant :i* mu/  
be wat*$ night & day2 = ! idea :i*      
ye/]day crawl$ at y\r feet1 to-morr[ w  
dispose ( y\r head4 ,an idea is a sp>k  
fall+ ^u /raw40 444 8,= ! m9d ( man is  
no in]t receptacle ( k1 b absorbs &     
incorporates into its own con/itution ! 
ideas :i* x receives40 ,?us x 0 )       
,mohamm$4 ,god 0 ! sp>k1 ! vital sp>k ( 

spiritual flame1 & ?is humble b hone/   
,arab trad] 0 ! /raw1 t aft] tw5ty ye>s 
( sil5t b t5aci\s sm\ld]+ ,god _h set a 
light to4  ,! bett]1 h[ev]1 to und]/& 8 
"* & purpose1 we mu/ divide 8 life into 
two sections4 ,! fir/ :51 z trad] f !   
age ( ?irte5 up to =ty1 fir/ = 8 uncle &
 !n = ,khadija1 he 0 ! man ( bus9ess4   
,yet syn*ron\s ) ?is ! man ( ideas &    
ideals t he kept to himself h[ev]2 t he 
divulg$ to no "o4 ,= n until ! "t 0 ripe
 & ! h\r _h come1 n until he felt !     
call--felt1 t is1 t he 0 ready & able to
 beg9--did he confide ev5 9 ,khadija4 ,!
 second section :51 z ! apo/le ( ,god1  
he work$ ) all ! fi]y f]v\r yet /eady   
zeal ( a true prophet1 to put 8 ideas   
into practice4 ,b !re 0 ?is diff]5ce )  
reg>d to ,mohamm$ z a !ori/4 ,he 0 n a  
man ( _m ideas4 ,9 reality "o c5tral    
idea alone inspir$ him4 ,b great &      
magnific5t z t 01 x 0 equal to a        
multitude4 ,x 0 a gr[+ & a spread+ giant
 :i*1 l ! prolific banyan tree1 ?rew out
 bran* & root ) su* extravagant         

luxuriance1 t x completely ov]%ad[$ &   
pr$om9at$ ! entire expanse ( 8 m5tal    
area4 ,we "k :at ?is idea 04 ,we "k t   
r\nd & out ( ! c5tral /em ( ,god's      
ov]ma/]+ unity ,mohamm$ _h det]m9$ to   
con/ruct an ,arabian nation--possibly   
some?+ ev5 great]4 ,we "k1 too1 t ! "o 0
 b ! (fspr+ ( ! o!r4 ,or x may be t !y 7
 ! tw9 (fspr+ ( all ?is pr(\nd &        
conc5trat$ contemplation4 ,b we d n "k  
h[ ?is great idea fir/ took root4 ,let  
u1 h[ev]1 try & trace x to its s\rce z  
ne>ly z we c4  ,) /ill great] emphasis  
?an ,*ryso/om1 :o ass]t$ t 8! true      
,%ek9ah is man10 ,c>lyle says3 8! ess5ce
 ( our be+1 ! my/]y 9 u t calls itself  
#8,i1' is a brea? ( heav52 ! highe/ ,be+
 reveals ,himself 9 man40 ,an idea su* z
 ?is w\ld nev] h occurr$ to ,mohamm$4 ,!
 fa!rhood ( ,god 9 its accept$ human    
s5se 0 repugnant to him4 ,! m]e ?\ght 0 
sacrilege6  ,8 conception ( ,god 0 mu*  
too exalt$1 mu* too div9e = ?is4 ,god & 
humanity c\ld h no possible connexion4  
,god 0 ! ,creator--! ,pott]1 :o out ( ! 

clay or matt] 9 *aos _h made ! _w & all 
!re94 ,humanity 0 b a small "p only ( ,8
 creation4 ,m5 7 b z clay 9 ,8 h&s--m]e 
creatures ( ,84 ,beyond ?is h>d & fa/   
l9e !re c\ld be no relation%ip betwe5   
,god & man4 ,association 0 z impossible 
z comp>ison 0 objectionable4 ,god1 z    
supreme ,creator & ,director ( !        
univ]se1 0 a ,be+ altoge!r di/9ct & ap>t
 f ,8 own creation4 ,yet z su* ,he 0 !  
s\l or _s ( x1 ! brea? ( life to all t  
liv$1 & ( dea? to all t di$4 ,man 0 z   
evil1 z puny1 & z weak z ,god 0 great & 
good & /rong4 ,god 0 too exalt$ &       
glori\s = words4 ,incompreh5sible &     
inscrutable1 ,he 0 beyond ! p[] (       
language1 outside ! n>r[ limitations (  
?\ght to imag9e4 ,j z ! heav5s 7 divid$ 
f ! e>? by b\ndless space1 s f> ap>t 0  
,god f man4 ,! endless imm5sity ( ev]y?+
 0 insuffici5t to express ,8            
omnipot5ce--fell f> %ort ( ! un?9kable  
reality4 ,ev5 ! heav5s & e>? z ,8       
h&iwork did n convey z completely z x   
might appe> to d ! capacity ( ! p[] t   

belong$ to ,him4 ,to ,mohamm$1 9 e      
vibrat+ /> an all-see+ eye & glory ( !  
great ,creator1 ,god1 0 visible2 9 e t9y
 blade ( grass1 9 e spr+ ( wat]1 ,he 0  
manife/ & tangible4 ,s "s elev5 c5turies
 aft] ,mohamm$ 0 laid to re/1 a poor1   
/ruggl+1 b undaunt$ arti/-poet1 look+ f 
8 mean ,london g>ret ) ! eyes ( a       
dream]-my/ic into ! great invisible     
above & beyond him 7j z ,am9 ! fai?ful  
"o _h done71 ye>n$3      8,to see ! _w 9
 a gra9 ( s&1     ,& a heav5 9 a wild   
fl[]2     ,hold ,inf9ity 9 ! palm ( 880 
h&1     ,& et]nity 9 an h\r40  ,& 9 !   
middle ( ! late dep>t$ c5tury--:i* ru%$ 
across ! great void ( ,"t l a hiss+     
meteor--?us ,t5nyson3      8,fl[] 9 !   
cranni$ wall1     ,i pluck y out ( !    
crannies1     ,i hold y "h1 root & all1 
9 my h&1     ,little fl[]2 b if ,i c\ld 
und]/&     ,:at y are1 root & all1 & all
 9 all1     ,i %\ld "k :at ,god & man   
is40  ,:ile to ,wordswor?1 ) a fai? 9   
,nature & ,nature's ,god z deep z       
,mohamm$1 ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s1 gave    

?\ghts t (t5 lay too deep = words4      
,society is only too apt to judge or    
condemn facts & m52 also to ridicule !  
age & its _s4 ,?is dra/ic me?od saves ! 
tr\ble ( compreh5d+ !m4 ,! society ( ke5
 ,arab trad]s & wily ,b$\9s :i* environ$
 ,mohamm$ did n compreh5d him4 ,to !m he
 0 n s mu* l a fi% out ( wat]1 z a l&   
quadrup$ at sea1 altoge!r out ( 8 elem5t
 z well z out ( 8 dep?--a flotsam       
/ruggl+ to get to dry l& z a jetsam4    
,immeasurably above & beyond 8 social   
contempor>ies ei!r morally or           
spiritually1 to !m ,mohamm$ 0 an enigma 
& a my/]y4 8,sc5t+ a my/]y is l ! fir/  
bite at a piece ( sc&al1 & holy s\ls d n
 dete/ x4 ,9 ! secret comp>tm5ts (      
bigotry !re is "s curiosity = sc&al40 ,b
 among ,mohamm$'s oppon5ts--! ,korei% m 
p>ticul>ly--x 0 n m]ely sc&al t mov$ !m3
 x 0 jeal\sy1 envy1 malice1 & 9 ! end   
%e] diabolical hatr$4 ,9 describ+ ! /ate
 ( a m9d t is advanc+1 we mu/ rememb] t 
all progress is n made 9 "o m>* or ev5  
s]ies ( m>*es4 ,mohamm$'s m>* 0 entirely

 uphill1 dead aga9/ ! coll>1 ! :ole way 
& all ! "t1 except1 p]haps1 j t[>ds !   
end4 ,yet ea* day's m>* br\ght him ne>] 
to ! goal ( 8 desires4 ,sl[ly b surely  
he made progress1 & ) x reputation4 ,!  
sl[ness ( 8 movem5t1 8 advance1 made    
progress & reputation all ! m n a dead1 
b a liv+ c]ta9ty4 ,b !re is always an>*y
 9 reputation4 ,x 0 ?is reputation--?is 
individuality t d>$ to insol5tly ass]t  
itself 9 ! ov]?r[ ( _! ance/ral         
gods--:i* expla9$ ,korei% ho/ility4     
,mohamm$ 0 a calm1 yet by no means an   
unprogressive ag5t ( ,provid5ce4 ,bra9s 
t are absorb$ ei!r 9 mania or wisdom1   
or1 z (t5 happ5s1 9 bo? at once1 are    
p]meat$ v v sl[ly by ! ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,b 
ev5 admitt+ t !re 0 melan*olia1 !re 0 no
 mania ab\t ,mohamm$4 ,if ev] a man 0   
sane & heal?y1 he 04 8,y grant a dev\t  
man1 y grant a wise man3 no man has a   
see+ eye )\t fir/ hav+ _h a see+ he>t40 
,?is fits 8 case to a nicety4 ,a m dev\t
 man ?an ,mohamm$ nev] liv$4 ,he 0 z    
pre-em95tly wise z he 0 dev\t4 ,he      

utiliz$ 8 wisdom to ! fulle/ ext5t ( 8  
capacity1 & he prov$ 8 dev\tness by     
putt+ 8 beliefs to ! infallible te/ (   
/]n & rigid practice4 ,a trad] to 8 f+] 
tips1 a cle>-sight$ man ( bus9ess1 & a  
/atesman ) prophetic in/9cts1 :o pr(it$ 
by ! pa/1 utiliz$ ! pres5t1 & prep>$ = !
 future1 9 ?is s5se he 0 a              
contradiction4 ,! be+ absorb$ 9 wisdom  
did n prev5t him f c>ry+ on 8 worldly   
duties 9 ! mo/ consci5ti\s & ?or\gh     
mann]4 ,p] contra1 8 worldly duties did 
n prev5t him f philosophical absorption4
 ,! "o 0 8 duty1 ! o!r ! brea? ( life to
 him4 ,8 v5]ation ( ,god gradually      
cry/alliz$ ! religion 9 him into a cre$4
 ,?is is g5]ally ! result (             
conc5tration4 ,8 absorption ( ,god end$ 
9 ,god's absorption ( him4 ,x 0 a long &
 gradual process :i* occupi$ tw5ty ye>s4
 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( embryonic developm5t 
he )drew1 z x 71 into himself4 ,!n :5 ! 
crisis arriv$1 x came out ( him1 z a    
riv] fl[s out ( a spr+1 & 0 call$       
,islam4 8,our *im]as10 says ,victor     

,hugo1 8are ! ?+s :i* mo/ resemble      
ourselves1 & ea* man dreams ( ! unkn[n1 
& ! impossible accord+ to 8 nature40    
,mohamm$'s *im]a1 z we "k1 0 ,god &     
,arabian unity4 ,b !re 0 no?+ *im]ical  
ab\t ! =m]1 & ) ?is inv9cible lev]1 !   
latt] too 0 a di/9ct probability4 ,=    
al?\gh he 0 d\btless sup]/iti\s--t is   
natural--& wre/l$ ) %ad[s & visions1    
,mohamm$ dealt 9 realities4 ,to him ,god
 0 ! mo/ real ?+1 ! /]ne/ reality ( all 
9 ! univ]se4 ,god1 9 fact1 0 ! ,univ]se4
 ,^!1 :i* to ano!r w\ld h be5 ! unkn[n &
 ! impossible1 7 to him ! possible & !  
inevitable4 ,! nature t 0 9 him 0 !     
nature ( ,god & ! univ]se4 ,!re is a    
po9t :]e pr(undity is oblivion1 :5 light
 becomes ext+ui%$4 ,?\gh f a lit]>y     
aspect ,mohamm$ 0 n pr(\nd1 9 a religi\s
 s5se 8 pr(undity1 c5tr+ z x did 9 ,god1
 bur/ =? into ! ,cimm]ian d>kness :i*   
envelop$ 8 c\ntry ) ! brilliancy ( a    
meteor t illum9es ! blacke/ night4  ,!re
 is too a way ( enc\nt]+ error by go+   
all ! way to meet ! tru?1 also by a sort

 ( viol5t good fai? :i* accepts ev]y?+  
unconditionally4 ,!re 0 no?+ viol5t     
7c]ta9ly n = a long p]iod71 b !re 0     
ev]y?+ t /&s = goodness & /ability 9    
,mohamm$'s fai?4 ,x 0 ?us--9 ! _s ( a   
h]o & ! val\r ( a ,palad9--he enc\nt]$ !
 error & opposition ( 8 enemies by fir/ 
( all go+ out ( 8 way to meet ! tru?2   
!n1 9 spite ( !mselves & _! ho/ility1 by
 en=c+ x ^u ^? :o w\ld n be p]suad$4    
,accord+ to ,font5elle1 8!re is only    
tru? t p]suades1 & ev5 )\t requir+ to   
appe> ) all its pro(s4 ,x makes its way 
s naturally into ! m9d1 t :5 x is he>d =
 ! fir/ "t1 x seems z if "o 7 only      
rememb]+40 ,?is 0 v mu* ! case )        
,mohamm$4 ,?is 0 :y he tri$ at fir/ to  
lead & n to drive 8 c\ntrym5 to ! tru?4 
,to him :o saw ! tru? ( ,god's exi/5ce1 
,8 m]cy writt5 z pla9ly 9 ! fall+       
ra9drop z ,8 p[] ( retribution is 9 !   
lightn+ t fla%es across ! sky z if x    
w\ld r5d x1 _! /ubbornness 9 reject+    
,god 0 utt]ly incompreh5sible4 ,8 m9d _h
 two attitudes4 ,! "o 0 turn$ to ,god1 !

 o!r to man4 ,9 contemplat+ ,god1 he b  
/udi$ man's int]e/s & 8 own4 ,b         
contemplation ) ,mohamm$ did n end by   
becom+ a =m ( indol5ce4                 
,imag9ative--vision>y1 9 fact--z he 01  
he did n all[ 8 imag9ation to play      
tricks ) him4 ,he did n fancy t he want$
 = no?+4 ,ev5 :5 m>ri$ to ,khadija1 & 9 
tol]able afflu5ce1 !re 0 obvi\sly a     
great void 9 8 life4 ,?is want ( c\rse 0
 spiritual4 ,exact & punctili\s z he 0 9
 8 temporal duties1 8 :ole b5t &        
incl9ation 0 t[>ds ! =m]4 ,z a y\ng] &  
poor] man1 he _h look$ s mu* at !       
humanity ar\nd him t he saw "r d[n into 
its v s\l4 ,) ! same f]v5t int5sity he  
_h look$ into nature until he saw or r  
felt ! creator & controll] !re(4 8,!re  
are times :5 ! unkn[n reveals itself 9 a
 my/]i\s way to ! _s ( man4 ,a sudd5 r5t
 9 ! veil ( d>kness w make manife/ ?+s  
hi!rto unse51 & !n close aga9 ^u !      
my/]ies )94 ,su* visions h occasionally 
! p[] to effect a transfiguration 9 ^?  
:om !y visit4 ,!y conv]t a poor         

camel-driv] into a ,mahomet2 a peasant  
girl t5d+ h] goats into a ,joan ( ,arc40
 ,a consci5ti\s & fai?ful work]1        
,mohamm$ 0 at ! same "t a dream]4 ,b 8  
dreams 7 b ! reflex ( 8 "w & ( 8 ideas4 
,^! came to him l m\nta9\s waves1 or !  
swell ( an angry surf z x ?und]s on !   
bea* ) a ?reat5+ ro>1 a mass ( wat] t   
w\ld subm]ge ! v e>?4 ,8 ideas did n1   
h[ev]1 subm]ge him4 ,nor did !y de/roy  
or bury him4 ,out ( _! unkn[n & bosky   
dep?s ,mohamm$ inv>iably rose to !      
surface ) ! buoyancy ( a life-belt1 calm
 & unmov$1 = 8 spiritual c5tre ( gravity
 always held him up4 ,he dreamt ( man1 b
 *iefly ( ,god--( ,god's goodness &     
greatness1 ( man's impot5ce & frailty4  
,he look$ at ! solid e>? on :i* he /ood1
 ) its /ones & its s&1 its :eat & its   
t>es1 its joys & sorr[s1 b p>ticul>ly   
its suff]+ *ildr5 & helpless wom54 ,!n  
he look$ at ! va/ void above1 ) its     
/>-spangl$ sky1 its sun & moon1 & ! ,god
 t made all & 0 9 all4 ,?is l$ him to   
?9k ( ! void t 0 9 himself1 & to comp>e 

! "o ) ! o!r4 ,!n he pond]$ & comp>$4 ,!
 greatness ( x all pass$ into him & he  
dreamt aga94 ,!re 0 no void above1 =    
,god fill$ x4 ,s too 8 own empt9ess gave
 place to ! ,supreme4 ,all at once a    
great feel+ ( t5d]ness 0 ar\s$ )9 him4  
,f ! egotism ( ! g5us vir1 he pass$ to !
 contemplation ( ! g5us homo1 ! man :o  
contemplates & feels4 ,god _h t\*$ 8    
he>t4 ,9 =getfulness ( self 0 born a    
great compassion = all4 ,= ye>s & ye>s  
,mohamm$ liv$ ) 8 neck 9 a noose (      
ob/acles compos$ ( human ?orns &        
mill/ones4 ,he 01 s to speak1 an outca/1
 ?r[n on ! dung heap1 & into ! brambles2
 at times ev5 9 ! mud4 ,yet no mud clung
 to him1 n ev5 to 8 feet4 ,8 head at all
 ev5ts 0 always 9 ! light1 8 h& always  
re/+ on ! omnipot5ce ( ! ,almighty4     
,inv>iably g5tle1 att5tive1 s]i\s1      
b5evol5t1 easily satisfi$1 he rema9$    
s]5e & peaceful4 ,x 0 only 9 ! la/      
extremity1 :5 all 8 p]suasive e>ne/ness 
fail$ him1 t 8 enemies /irr$ him to     
wra?4 ,b x 0 a j & dispassionate wra?2 x

 0 ! wra? ( ,god4 ,= :e!r !y lik$ or no1
 ,mohamm$ 9 8 dual capacity z ,god's    
ag5t & ,arabian patriot _h made up 8 m9d
 t !y %\ld h ,god4 ,on ?is po9t he 0    
inexorable4 ,feel+ t !re is an et]nity 9
 ju/ice1 he felt t 9 ju/ice to ,god1 &  
to !mselves1 & 9 spite ( !mselves1 x 0 8
 duty to proclaim ! tru?4 ,_m a less    
t5aci\sly s9c]e man1 _m a real h]o1 w\ld
 h %runk f & h succumb$ be=e an ordeal s
 t]rific1 a conte/ s supremely ,titanic4
 ,b ,mohamm$ 0 made ( /]n] /uff1 ( ! _s 
t gods are made (4 ,failure 0 a ^w t he 
did n recognize4 ,) ,god at 8 back1     
success 0 an absolute c]ta9ty--a =egone 
conclusion4  ,:atev] might be 8 desire  
to rema9 :]e he 0 & cl+ to x1 he 0      
impell$ to advance1 to cont9ue1 to g on 
fur!r & /ill fur!r4 ,yet to ?9k & to ask
 himself :]e x 0 all go+ to lead him to8
 ,b al?\gh he ?\ght1 he nev] hesitat$1  
nev] turn$ back4 ,8 h& 0 to ! pl\gh--!  
pl\gh ,god4 ,god 0 ! goal1 ! end1 !     
summit ( human exi/5ce & ambition4      
,humanity 0 ! soil1 & to get !re he mu/ 

furr[ 8 way ?r\gh its enmities &        
affections4 ,firm & exceptional natures 
are ?us m\ld$ out ( mis]ies1 mis=tunes &
 afflictions4 ,z a result ( 8 "w hi/ory 
%[s u m & m t ,mohamm$ 0 firm &         
exceptional to ! v highe/ degree4 ,yet  
!re 0 no?+ ( t hypocrisy :i* ,victor    
,hugo calls supreme cynicism ab\t him4  
,he 0 too human1 too mu* 9 e>ne/1 to be 
any?+ b ,am9 ! ,fai?ful4 ,!re is1 aft]  
all1 m 9 a "n ?an meets ! eye4 ,9 "s    
names !re is hi/ory & ! trag$y ( hi/ory4
 ,9 o!rs !re is ! might & maje/y ( a    
comm&+ magnetism1 :i* recognizes !      
sublimity ( tru?4 ,9 ,mohamm$'s case1   
ev5 to ?is day ov] two hundr$ & fifty   
million human be+s b[ ! knee ?r\gh him  
to ,god4 ,yes1 !re is mu*--a _w (       
mean+--t is inexpressible 9 a "n--a     
magic & a je ne sais quoi :i* "u ! label
 ( ,napoleon l$ m5 to ! ,k+dom ,come (  
glory--9 o!r words1 to de/ruction & !   
devil--b t ) ,mohamm$ 0 ! op5 sesame to 
! glory & p[] ( ,god4 ,a rose by any o!r
 "n may smell z sweet4 ,b ,islam )\t !  

halo ( "t-hon\r$ sanctity t atta*es to !
 "n ( ,mohamm$1 w\ld s\nd z b a holl[   
brass or a t9kl+ cymbal4 ,j1 9 fact1 z !
 man himself 0 s9c]e & fai?ful1 !re is1 
& !re w cont9ue to be1 a magic 9 8 "n--m
 s ev5 ?an t ( ,*ri/ has = !            
,*ri/ian--draw+ m5 to ,god1 z he 9 p]son
 drew !m n alone by %e] =ce ( w & "*1 b 
by a =ce :i* 0 ev5 /rong]1 ! =ce (      
s9c]ity & tru?4     ,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,!  
,,environm5t ,,t ,,m\ld$ ,,mohamm$   ,a 
true son ( ! des]t1 x is impossible to  
und]/& ! p[]ful & complex p]sonality (  
,mohamm$1 unless we c appreciate !      
peculi> "* & g5ius ( ! des]t4 ,m s 9 "s 
ways ev5 ?an ! seaman1 ! dwell] or      
soj\rn] 9 ! des]t is di/9ct & unique 9  
himself4 ,possess+ ! c\rage ( !         
,fatali/1 & z free z ! rov+ w9ds (      
heav51 he is all ! same ( a %r9k+ &     
timor\s nature1 confront$ z he (t5 is by
 c]ta9 aspects & ph5om5a t imp]il 8 life
 & /rike d[n to ! v roots ( 8 moral     
consci\sness4  ,9 ! des]t !re is1       
comp>atively speak+1 little life4       

,unlike ! =e/ region1 x is nak$ & almo/ 
de/itute4 ,!re1 z at sea1 man is face to
 face n only ) ! great elem5ts1 b ) !   
great] ,inf9ite & ,invisible4 ,he is    
ne>] to ,god & ! imm5sity ( ,nature4    
,!re is no?+--or little at lea/--to     
di/ract 8 att5tion--no?+ betwe5 him & ! 
ev] wat*ful ,inscrutable4 ,!re is no    
%ade f ! sun by day1 no protection f !  
moon & />s at night4 ,!y look d[n on him
 z f ! p9nacle ( ! sublime/ elevation4  
,! fi]c] glory ( ! sun by day burns into
 8 v s\l1 consumes 8 v m>r[4 ,! mild]   
effulg5ce ( ! moon by night ?r[s its    
silv]y glam\r ov] all 8 s5ses4 ,! less] 
& m di/ant spl5d\r ( ! />s--^?          
wat*-fires ( angelic spirits--9 _!      
c\ntless myriads awe & bewild] him4 ,9 !
 *ok+ brea? ( ! simoom he feels !       
pot5tialities ( ,god1 & 8 own helpless  
impot5ce4 ,/ruck all ( a heap by its    
/ifl+ bla/1 he is fill$ ) fe> & trembl+ 
9 ! pres5ce ( a ,p[] invisible yet      
tangible & deadly4 ,:e!r he wills or n1 
! fe> ( ,god--( ! ,inexorable &         

,inevitable--ent]s into 8 he>t & takes  
possession ( 8 inmo/ s\l4 ,call x ! fe> 
( ,god or n1 x is practically "o & !    
same feature--! m]e human label makes no
 diff]5ce to ?is awful & unse5          
reality--! same fe> ( ! ,unkn[n1 !      
,unexpect$ & ! ,inevitable3 !           
,inevitable t is always ) u1 ! agno/ic &
 ! sophi/ no less ?an ) ! !ologian1 yet 
unse51 incompreh5sible & omnipot5t4 ,b m
 ?an any?+1 x is ! awful & imp5etrable  
sil5ce t impresses & appals ! sil5t &   
dignifi$ nomad ( ! des]t4  ,to ^? :o h  
nev] be5 outside ! conf9es (            
civilization1 x is n logically possible 
ev5 to guess at ! extraord9>y           
influ5ce--a fasc9ation am\nt+ to        
wit*]y--t ! sil5ce & solitude ( ! des]t 
ex]cises ov] "o4 ,yet if ,i 7 ask$ to   
def9e ! ess5ce & subtlety ( ?is         
influ5ce1 ,i c\ld b answ] t x is        
indef9able2 all ! same a glam\r t1 l !  
=ce ( gravity1 is irresi/ible4 ,free &  
op5 l ! sea 7b fre% only at night71 x is
 n ! wit*]y ( ! s(t blue sky1 = ! sky ( 

! des]t is h>d & /eely2 x is n ! fi]ce  
:ite heat ( ! f]vid sun t melts into ! v
 m>r[ ( "o's bones2 b r is x ! soo?+    
magic ( ! moon at night1 "u ! brilliant 
canopy ( ! heav5s1 :5 ! e>?1 cool+      
rapidly1 is lull$ into et]nal sil5ce1 t 
"o falls "u ! magic spell ( its wondr\s 
influ5ce4 ,b ev5 ! glam\r ( ! moon is   
out-glam\r$ by ! d>kness ( ! night "u ^:
 fun]eal pall ev5 ! great suns & planets
 hide _! dim9i%$ heads4 ,!re is 9 !     
d>kness & ! sil5ce ( ! night a my/]y & a
 pr(undity t ar\ses ! sluggi%1 ev5 !    
/agnant consci\sness ( ! dull>d--t mu* m
 s attracts ! quick5+ s\l ( ! my/ic &   
vision>y1 :i* spr+s to x ) ! same eag]  
avidity t a lean & hungry tr\t leaps at 
! fir/ fly :i* he sees aft] a long &    
en=c$ ab/95ce4 ,x is 9 ?is d>kness &    
sil5ce ( ! night1 r ?an 9 ! fi]ce gl>e (
 ! midday sun1 t ! fe> ( ! great        
,inf9ite comes to man4 ,= if we b ?9k ( 
x1 :at a spectre-teem+ spectacle is     
night4 ,we he> /range1 weird s\nds4 ,we 
"k n :5ce !y come or :i!r !y g4 ,or x   

may be t all ar\nd u is z ! sil5ce ( !  
grave--( et]nal dea?4 ,we see ! ev5+ /> 
loom+ l>ge l a great _w on fire4 ,! blue
 ( ! sky looms black4 ,! />s seem to    
speak to u2 ! :ole sc5e is impressive--a
 sight = ! gods4 ,9 ! des]t1 h[ev]1 & to
 ! e>ne/ ?9k] ^: c5tre ( gravity is     
,god1 night is some?+ m ?an a m]e       
spectacle--a some?+ great]1 gr&] & m    
t]rify+ ?an a simple impression--a feel+
 deep] & sublim] ev5 ?an a conviction3 a
 revelation ( ! ,unse5 ,unkn[n :i* is   
all ! "t beh9d t :i* he sees & kn[s4    
,full z night is ( phantoms1 %ades1     
s\nds & sil5ce1 x is no illusive mirage1
 no m]e empty simulacrum4 ,b 9 e way x  
is a reality & a sub/ance :i* is        
tangible1 t t\*es "o n only on ! spot1  
on ! raw1 b ev]y:]e2 t fills "o ) vague 
fe>s1 & br+s ev5 ! pr\de/ & ! /]ne/ to  
_! knees be=e ! p[] ( ! great           
,omnipot5ce4 ,! v />s :i* hang out 9 !  
great firmam5t appe> z ,god's           
sign-po/s--great all-see+ eyes t are ev]
 ^u u--or l et]nal wat*-fires :i*       

contra/ ! et]nity ( ,god ) ! mom5t>y    
mortality ( man2 !y enhance ! blackness 
( ! blue4 ,pe]+ z !y d into ! awesome   
wat*]'s inmo/ s\l1 !y ei!r drive him    
headlong into ! blackness & t]rors (    
evil1 or lead him by _! k9dly light into
 ! glory ( ! ,almighty ,pres5ce4        
,unque/ionably ! night is ei!r          
diabolical or sacr$4 ,n only ?is1 %e is 
! brood] & bre$] ( all primitive        
doctr9es1 ! conceiv] & ! "m ( all human 
cre$s4 ,9 h] imm5se womb !re is a lat5t 
light1 a sm\ld]+ volcano full ( a%es1   
c9d]s1 & dead m5's bones2 yet full also 
( fire-sp>ks t are capable ( fla%+ into 
lum9osity1 ev5 ( bur/+ into hiss+1 leap+
 & dev\r+ flames4 ,x 0 ?us t ,*ri/ianity
 & ,islam came into be+4 ,x 0 ?us out ( 
! primeval sacrifices1 ! %ad[s & sil5ce 
( dea? & d>kness1 t all cre$s h crept   
into & out ( ! m9ds ( m54 ,tortu\s human
 ant-heaps bor$ & tunnell$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh
 by human ideas1 human hopes1 & human   
aspirations2 worlds 9 ! l[-ly+ limbo ( !
 ftus /age1 fecundat+ 9 all directions  

into beliefs1 fai?s1 cre$s1 sects1      
d5om9ations1 quack]ies1 dissimulations &
 *>latanism4 ,labyr9?9e1 subt]ranean1 & 
full ( subtleties z all ^! cre$s appe>  
to be1 !y are easy en\gh to compreh5d4  
,!y h all sprung f ! same simple se$ if 
we w\ld b recognize x4 ,if we b look$ at
 ?is vi/a ( ! pa/ z ?r\gh a m5tal       
telescope1 if we b grasp$ ! sub/ance & n
 ! %ad[1 w5t /raight to ! simple root   
in/ead ( to ! !ological & metaphysical  
subtleties ( x all1 we w\ld f9d x       
absolutely simple4 ,if we w\ld b = a    
mom5t drop f our eyes ! d5se scales (   
dogma1 bigotry & prejudice1 !re w\ld be 
no difficulty 9 trac+ back all ^!       
enigmatic ramifications & gloomy        
obscurities ( pri/9e d>kness & *aos to !
 "o c5tral g]m idea1 ! "o vitaliz+ sp>k 
t inspires & illum9es !m all4  ,x is    
obvi\s t ,wordswor?1 :5 he speaks ( only
 8two voices10 ! "o 8( ! sea10 ! o!r 8( 
! m\nta9s0--8ea* a mighty voice10 q     
ov]look$ ! bleakness & sil5ce ( ! des]t4
 ,?is ov]p[]+ blackness t p]vades ! v   

s\l1 creeps ?r\gh e v5t into ! bones &  
*ills "o to ! v m>r[4 ,?is sublime      
sil5ce1 t speaks to "o z ! /ill small   
voice ( ,god spoke to ,moses1 & t fills 
! ?9k] ) ev5 great] awe & v5]ation ?an !
 cra%+ & roll+ ?und]4 ,?is sil5ce :i* is
 ( et]nity1 !re=e gold51 :ile spee* is (
 to-day & only silv]n1 = z ,c>lyle      
rem9ds u3 8,aft] spee* has done its be/1
 sil5ce has to include all t spee* has  
=gott5 or _c express40  ,speak+ =       
myself1 :o h pass$ _m days ( my exi/5ce 
at sea1 & _m m /ill 9 ! des]t1 !re is t 
9 ! latt] :i* always rem9ds me ( ! =m]4 
,to be sure1 ! ev] re/less sea ) its    
almo/ myriad moods--its calm1 its       
motion1 its rippl+ smiles1 its wavy     
undulations1 its heights & dep?s1 its   
fickl5ess & trea*]y1 its dazzl+         
beauties1 its fi]ce turbul5ce--is z     
unlike ! des]t1 ) its grim /iff gr&eur &
 appall+ sam5ess z x well c\ld be3      
/ill--      8,?o' inl& f> we be1        
,our s\ls h sight ( t immortal sea      
,:i* br\ght u ?i!r40  ,!re is no music 9

 x by day or by night1 only ! dead /ill 
hu% ( sil5ce4 ,yet ! des]t has its      
aspects1 if x has n its moods &         
contra/s--z s+ul> z !y are /rik+4 ,see1 
or r feel x "u ! fi]ce & scor*+ gl>e ( !
 fi]y sun1 t almo/ %rivels y into a     
mummy2 see x also "u ! s(t] spell ( !   
silv]y orb1 :5 ! air is balmy1 if n     
fre%1 & y w at once imag9e y\rself to be
 9 an altoge!r diff]5t & en*ant$ _w4 ,!n
 aga91 lose y\rself 9 ! des]t on a d>k  
night :5 = once 9 a way ! />s are dim or
 obscur$ by cl\ds1 & y w realize z y    
nev] be=e h done1 ! awesome reality ( ! 
s5se ( lonel9ess--a feel+ :i* c only be 
comp>$ to t felt by ! hunt$ crim9al hid+
 9 a city1 & aga9/ :om e man's h& is    
rais$4  ,b !re is besides 9 ! des]t !   
fateful mirage t1 l ! ocean sir5s1 has  
lur$ s _m to _! doom4 ,f9ally !re is !  
oasis :i* /&s out ( ! sea ( %imm]+ s&1 l
 an isl& p>adise t t[]s ov] ! wa/e (    
see?+ wat]s :i* encircle x4 ,! des]t    
too1 l ! sea1 has its %ips & its m54    
,%ips t pass by day z well z by night4  

,%ips t /ride across ! great s&y wa/es1 
grunt+ & gawky1 ) unwe>y+ pati5ce1      
unyield+ t5acity1 & un]r+ in/9ct4 ,z are
 ! %ips1 s are ! m54 ,b 9 place (       
gawk9ess & grunts1 ! gold5 virtue (     
sil5ce1 & ! consci\s pride ( natural    
dignity4 ,m5 :o 9 _! v port & c>riage   
are ! v _s & p]sonification ( ! des]t4  
,m5 :o repres5t n ! g5ii1 b ! g5ius ( ! 
great dry sea ( s& & sil5ce4 ,inde$1 if 
ev] m5 on ?is planet ( ours 7 patri>*al1
 if ev] m5 bore !mselves ) ! gait & !   
simple dignity ( free m51 ! ,b$aw9s (   
,arabia & ! ,nor? ,african des]ts d4 ,) 
! lynx-l1 yet enigmatic expression t    
calls to m9d a comb9ation ( eagle       
ke5ness & owl-l solemnity1 !re is ab\t  
!m a fre$om ( mann] & be>+1 a dignity ( 
c>riage1 an indep5d5ce ( "*1 t are !    
peculi>ly glori\s & di/9ctive heirlooms 
( ! air1 expanse & gr&eur ( ^! inl&     
seas4 ,9 e s5se1 moral & physical1 !y   
are ! products ( an unre/rict$          
environm5t t has made !m :at !y         
are--w&]]s on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,b w&]]s f

 *oice4 ,untrammell$ ev5 to lic5ce2 giv+
 an unbridl$ re9 to _! _s ( indep5d5ce4 
,reg>d+ ) supreme contempt ! luxuries & 
ev5 necess>ies ( civilization4 ,yet ) x 
all slaves to ! spiritual fe>s t haunt  
!m4 ,relics ( a primitive & old-_w      
civilization1 !re is ab\t ^! ,b$aw9s a  
flav\r ( antiquity1 ( a pa/ t is ho>y ) 
! ho>9ess ( et]nal age1 s di/ant t we _c
 conjecture ab\t x1 ev5 9 ! vague/ (    
t]ms4 ,9 addition to ?is ev]la/+        
antiquity & cons]vatism1 !re is ab\t ^! 
patri>*s a naturally dignifi$ retic5ce1 
& an air ( calm1 quiet assurance &      
au?ority1 t are peculi>ly _! own p]sonal
 prop]ty4 ,b !re is ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,!re 
is t same univ]sal concept--common to   
all primitive p :o h n outliv$ x--(     
belief 9 ! fe> ( a supreme p[]4 ,t same 
awe & rev]5ce = ! patri>*al au?ority    
connect$ ) t ( ! ance/ors :i* has prec$$
 x2 t calm & philosophical acceptation (
 ,k>ma or ,fatalism2 t same dread (     
consequ5ces2 t id5tical t]ror (         
malignant demons2 t same %r9k+ f !      

inevitable1 :i* is ! h]itage ( all      
natural p4 ,inh]5t in/9cts t ev5 twelve 
c5turies ( ,islam h sc>cely modifi$4 ,:5
 we get und]nea? ! surface ( human      
nature z repres5t$ by ! ,arab1 :e!r he  
came f ! ea/1 ! we/1 ! s\?1 or ! c5tre1 
x is obvi\s t ! und]ly+ motive = mo/1 if
 n all1 ( 8 social cu/oms is inspir$ by 
t p]sonal or religi\s in/9ct :i* is s   
closely alli$ to ! prim>y in/9cts ( all4
 ,out ( su* fundam5tal mat]ial did      
,mohamm$ em]ge6  ,nev]!less1 ) all its  
drawbacks1 !re is ab\t ! des]t1 only 9 a
 diff]5t degree1 ! pleasure ( ! pa?less 
woods1 ! rapture ( ! lonely %ore4 ,j z  
by ! deep & roll+ sea ^: v ro> is music1
 !re is a society :]e none intrudes1 s )
 ! des]t4 ,"r 9 ! v core & c5tre ( its  
sil5ce & solitude1 ! man ^: e>s & eyes  
are op5 to receive impressions1 f9ds    
himself 9 ! pres5ce ( t invisible b     
omnisci5t p[] ( ,nature4 ,! p[] t1 :ile 
x causes ! e>ne/ ?9k] to pause &        
reflect1 makes ! av]age human be+ ye>n =
 ! companion%ip ( 8 own k9d4 ,b x 0 n s 

) ,mohamm$4 ,mohamm$ 0 n z o!r m5 are4  
,he 0 a ?\ght lead]4 ,n a deep ?9k] by  
any means2 b pr(\ndly 9 e>ne/4 ,few m5 9
 ! _w's hi/ory--judg+ at lea/ by        
results--h be5 m 9 e>ne/ ?an he 04 ,9   
,hannibal !re is ! same e>ne/ fixity (  
purpose1 only diff]5t 9 k9d1 ! same     
unqu5*able ard\r1 & ! same iron w t kept
 him fai?ful to ! sacr$ v[ ( undy+      
v5geance aga9/ ! ,romans1 t 8 fa!r      
exact$ f him on ! alt> ( _! ance/ral    
gods4 ,9 ,william ! ,sil5t too1 b also 9
 ano!r direction1 we f9d ! same         
rel5tless purpose & ! same inflexible   
s9c]ity to atta9 ! indep5d5ce & autonomy
 ( ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces4 ,cromwell        
likewise gave 8 life & 8 s]vices--all t 
0 be/ 9 him 9 fact--9 ! firm & s9c]e    
conviction t he 0 ,god's *os5 in/rum5t4 
,b 9 none ( ^! m51 n ev5 9 ! great &    
h]oic ,ironside1 0 !re ! same f]v5t     
godl9ess1 i4e4 ! fe> & v5]ation ( ,god4 
,x 0 ,lu!r mo/ ( all :o approa*$        
,mohamm$ 9 ! s9c]ity ( 8 purpose1 i4e4 (
 8 religion4 ,= al?\gh ,lu!r 0          

ess5tially a prie/1 & did n f\nd a new  
cre$1 8 s9c]ity %[$ itself z a          
,prote/ant & ,re=m]4 ,9 8 :ole life !   
fe> & v5]ation ( ,god z ! motive factor 
( 8 exi/5ce 0 manife/4  ,x is1 ( c\rse1 
j possible1 z ,t5nyson surmises1 t3     
8444 ,?r\gh ! ages "o increas+ purpose  
runs1     ,& ! ?\ghts ( m5 are wid5'd ) 
! process ( ! suns40  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is   
vague & br+s u no ne>] to an exact      
compreh5sion ( ! matt]4 ,! bett] to     
und]/& ?is feel+ ( fe> t s dom9at$ m5 ( 
! ,numa1 ,buddha1 ,lu!r1 ,john ,knox1   
,cromwell & ,mohamm$ type1 x is ess5tial
 t ! /ud5t grasps & measures ! actual   
measure ( diff]5ce t divides religion f 
cre$4 ,x is b meet t we %\ld accept !   
rational axiom1 t religion is natural1 &
 cre$ ! egoti/ical & p]sonal            
int]pretation plac$ ^u religion by human
 be+s4 ,z ,drap] says3 8,:5 natural     
causes suffice1 x is ne$less to look =  
sup]natural40 ,s ,bacon1 look+ ) !      
insight ( true g5ius into ! ,book (     
,nature1 up to ,nature's ,god1 said 9 t 

immortal aphorism :i* op5s ! ,novum     
,organum1 8,homo ,natur m9i/] et        
int]pres0--man is ! s]vant & int]pret] (
 ,nature4 ,?is w make x easi] to get at 
! root ( ?is dual feel+ ( fe> &         
v5]ation4 ,b to d s x is necess>y = !   
/ud5t to look z f> back into ! pa/ z he 
c4 ,9 e anci5t cult t has ev] exi/$1 9 !
 ,*aldan1 ! ,egyptian1 ! ,aryan1 ! v>i\s
 7s-call$ ,pagan7 ,african1 = example1 !
 same ov]ma/]+ elem5t pr$om9ates4 ,9    
,grecian annals & lit]ature--9 ! ,iliad1
 ! ,odyssey1 ,hesiod's ,!ogony1 9 !     
great trag$ies ( s*ylus1 9 ,plut>* & o!r
 writ]s--,fe> is n m]ely rev]5c$ z      
8,holy10 b 9 ,greece1 z else:]e1 alt>s 7
 erect$ & wor%ip (f]$ to h] z a goddess4
  ,x is 9 its def9ition & conception (  
religion t humanity has gone a/ray4 ,by 
g5]al acceptation religion & cre$ h     
always be5 conf\nd$4 ,natural religion  
is spok5 ( z a some?+ diff]5t & widely  
ap>t f ,*ri/ianity1 z a religion        
reveal$4 ,?is is n s4 ,!re is no        
diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,*ri/ianity is b !  

developm5t ( natural religion on ! l9es 
& ideas ( c]ta9 individuals4 ,!re is no 
su* ?+ z revelation4 ,religion is an    
evolution4 ,x is natural4 ,x comes to u 
f ,nature1 i4e4 f ! ,god out ( :i*      
,nature has evolv$4 ,h5ce its           
con/ructive & de/ructive dualism4 ,x is 
a liv+ & vital =ce t is innate 9 man z  
be+ "o ) ,nature4 ,obvi\sly ?is         
v5]ation1 ?is fe> ( ! ,unse51 !         
,unexpect$ & ! ,inevitable 7:i* ,i h    
spok5 (71 is "o ( ! root in/9cts out (  
:i* x unfolds itself4 ,mo/ unque/ionably
 x is ! outw>d & visible expression ( ! 
inn] consci\sness or _s t moves man to !
 adoration ( v5]ation 9 ! con/ructive   
direction1 & ( fe> 9 ! de/ructive4 ,?is 
v>ies 9 ! individual4 ,?us on ! "o h& we
 h a ,mohamm$2 on ! o!r a ,napoleon4 ,f 
! v beg9n+ ( human exi/5ce "r d[n until 
n[ ?is fe> ( ,god has pr$om9at$4 ,x /ill
 exi/s4 ,x w g on exi/+4 ,religion is z 
mu* a "p ( ! human con/itution z !      
primal in/9cts4 ,cre$ is acquir$4 ,x is 
environm5t & education t makes or =ms   

cre$4 ,! *ild becomes :at 8 tea*] makes 
him1 z he c nei!r di/+ui%1 discrim9ate  
nor judge = himself4 ,b to make him     
,jew1 ,g5tile or ,*ri/ian1 ! religion   
mu/ be 9 him4 ,cre$1 9 a ^w1 is b ! view
 t is tak5 ( natural religion by ! ego4 
,b a matt] s important z ?is1 h[ev]1 _c 
"h be ent]$ into4  ,z x has be5 ) all ! 
great religi\s lead]s ( hi/ory1 s too x 
0 ) ,mohamm$4 ,fe>+1 yet v5]at+1 !      
might1 ! maje/y & ! goodness ( ,god1 !  
companion%ip t he mo/ want$ 0 n human b 
div9e4 ,communion ) ,him1 ?r\gh 8 own   
?\ght & ?r\gh ! great ,inf9ity ar\nd    
him1 0 :at 8 he>t mo/ desir$4 ,a t[n    
,arab by bir? & bre$+1 a ,b$aw9 by feel+
 & in/9ct1 he 0 some?+ m ?an a m]e      
native ( ,arabia4 ,r a son ( m51 an     
apo/le *os5 out specially f among m51 t 
he might be> to !m ! message & tru? (   
,god4  8,m510 says ,victor ,hugo1 8talk 
to !mselves1 speak to !mselves1 b !     
ext]nal sil5ce is n int]rupt$4 ,!re is a
 gr& tumult2 ev]y?+ speaks )9 u1 except+
 ! m\?4 ,! realities ( ! s\l1 = all !y  

are n visible & palpable1 are n ! less  
realities40 ,! great reality1 z ,i h    
%[n1 t obsess$ ,mohamm$ 0 ,god4 ,?\gh   
invisible 9 p]son or ev5 9 _s1 ,god 0   
none ! less visible & palpable to him z 
mu* 9 ! f9e/ speck ( s& z 9 ! consum+   
glory ( ! sun4 ,9 ! mock+ spectres ( !  
night1 z well z 9 ! %ift+ %ad[s ( !     
morn+1 ! might & maje/y ( ,allah 0      
supreme4 ,9 ! dead sil5ce ( human       
solitude1 ! gr& tumult )9 him 0 only gr&
 & tumultu\s because ,god talk$ to him &
 he to ,god 9 ! suppress$ sibilance (   
hu%$ & awesome :isp]+s4 8,diamonds are  
only f\nd 9 ! d>kness ( ! e>?2 tru?s are
 only f\nd 9 ! dep?s ( ! ?\ght40 ,z x   
seem$ to ,fa!r ,madel9e1 ! ex-convict   
,jean ,valjean1 s x appe>$ to ,mohamm$1 
8t aft] desc5d+ into ^! dep?s1 aft]     
grop+ = "s "t 9 ! d5se/ ( ?is d>kness1  
he _h f\nd "o ( ^! diamonds1 "o ( ^!    
tru?s1 :i* he held 9 8 h&1 & :i* dazzl$ 
8 eyes :5 he look$ at x40 ,! brilliant  
:i* ,mohamm$ se>*$ = 0 ! tru?--! greate/
 brilliant ( all6 ,! tru? t he f\nd z x 

appe>$ to him 0 ,god4 ,?us he immolat$ 8
 :ole be+ to ! w ( ,god1 z to ! tru? :i*
 resides 9 ,him alone4 ,l ,pascal1      
,mohamm$ believ$ t 8"o c be q sure t !re
 is a ,god )\t kn[+ :at ,he is40 ,or 9 !
 words ( ,hobbes3 8,=asmu* z ,god       
,almighty is incompreh5sible1 x foll[s t
 we c h no conception or image ( !      
,deity1 except only ?is1 t !re is a     
,god40 ,?is 9 s5se if n 9 ^w 0          
,mohamm$'s idea ( ,god z he tri$ to     
conceive ,him4 ,= him x 0 suffici5t t   
,god 0 ! only ,god--! ,creator & !      
,controll] ( ! univ]se6 8,!re are t\*+  
illusions :i* are p]haps sublime        
realities40 ,b to ,mohamm$1 ,god 0 n ev5
 8! ,great ,illusion10 b a /]n z well z 
a sublime reality6 ,to him ! des]t &    
lone places 7 ,god's dwell+-place--z f> 
away f ! busy hum & haunts ( m5 z ,he   
c\ld get4 ,b only because ( ! delightful
 *>m ( gold5 sil5ce & solitude--only    
because 9 ! mid/ !re(1 z 9 ! heav5ly    
p>adise1 ,god dwelt !re4 ,! "o fair _s t
 he dwelt & commun$ )--n 9 close        

proximity h[ev]1 b ) a great gulf fix$  
betwe5--0 ! "o & only ,god1 :o _h at la/
 con/itut$ him ,8 m9i/] & apo/le1       
because ( 8 great love & devotion to    
,him4 ,x 0 = ?is t ,mohamm$ s\ght !     
des]t4 ,x 0 !re "u ! />s--! fla%+       
=get-me-nots ( ,god's great p[]--t alone
 ) ,nature & 8 own ?\ghts1 he s\ght     
,god4 ,:o is !re ( u c say t he did or  
did n f9d ,him8 ,c we1 or c we n1 by    
se>*+ f9d ,god8 ,:e!r we c or no1 h[ev]1
 is n ! "q--is n = u to decide6 ,b "o   
fact is c]ta9--"o fact is obvi\s4 ,x 0 9
 ! core & c5tre ( ! et]nal sil5ce &     
solitude ( m\nta9 fa/nesses & des]t     
expanses t ! _s ( ,islam _h its orig94  
,x 0 !re1 z x 7 "u ! myriad eyes ( !    
great & inf9ite ,god1 "u ! fi]y blaze ( 
! burn+ sun1 "u ! cool] & m cl++ glam\r 
( ! mell[ moon1 "u ! dimm] gloom & my/]y
 ( d>kness1 !re ) 8 face to ! r$-hot    
furnace bla/s & suffocation ( ! simoom1 
t ! message came to him4 ,alone ) 8     
?\ghts3      8,alone1 alone1 all all    
alone1     ,alone on a wide wide sea60  

,no m]e sa9t1 b ,god ,himself1 8took    
pity on0 8 8s\l 9 agony40 ,he 0 n alone1
 = ,god 0 ) him4 ,?is self-communion (  
,mohamm$ ) 8 ?\ghts1 0 to him none o!r  
?an communion ) ,god1 because 8 ?\ghts 7
 conc5trat$ on ,him ) all ! s\l & /r5g? 
he 0 humanly capable (4  ,! p[] (       
p]suasion does n always lie 9 ! fl[ &   
eloqu5ce ( spee*4 ,! /ronge/ are (t5 !  
mo/ sil5t4 ,god nev] speaks b 9 ! /ill  
small voice ( consci\sness1 t comes to e
 man 9 ! d>k wat*es ( ! night1 :5 ! hum 
& movem5t ( life is hu%$ into ! sil5ce (
 sleep6  ,solitude1 too1 t tw9-si/] (   
,sil5ce1 8?\gh10 z ,de ,qu9cey says1 8x 
may be sil5t z light1 is1 l light1 !    
mightie/ ( ag5cies2 = solitude is       
ess5tial to man40 ,b if ess5tial to !   
ord9>y man1 x is z ! brea? ( life to m5 
( ,god & prophets4 ,solitude1 9 fact1   
s9ks deep into a pure & simple nature1 &
 *anges him 9 a great measure4          
,unconsci\sly x int5sifies him to a     
sup]lative degree1 & inspires him ) an  
awe ( itself t becomes sacr$ to him4 ,)9

 himself ! recluse feels weak1 un/able &
 inconsi/5t4 ,)\t he is /rong 9 !       
consci\sness ( ! omnipot5ce & supremacy 
( ! ,inf9ite4 8,solitude g5]ates a c]ta9
 am\nt ( sublime exaltation4 ,x is l !  
smoke aris+ f ! burn+ bu%4 ,a my/]i\s   
lucidity ( m9d results1 :i* conv]ts !   
/ud5t into ! se]1 & ! poet into a       
prophet40 ,9 a ^w1 !re is an en?usiasm1 
an influ5ce1 & a p[] 9 solitude t !     
civiliz$ man1 or ! man :o has nev] be5  
subject$ to x1 _c =m ! slighte/ or      
fa9te/ conception (4 ,= ! sil5ce (      
solitude & ! solitude ( sil5ce is a /ate
 7common to all primitive p7 9 :i* ! be+
 believes himself to be n only 8 10 i4e4
 full ( ,god1 b t ! ,god pr$om9ates4    
,h5ce ! en?usiasm1 ! rapture1 & ! p[] to
 div9e & speak 9 div]s tongues4         
,surely1 if ev] man 0 9 deadly e>ne/1   
?is fai?ful son ( ,arabia 04 ,if ev] man
 op5$ 8 he>t & s\l to ! ,fa!r & ,"m (   
all ?+s1 ?is ,mohamm$1 ! m]*ant1 did4   
,truly if ev] ! great ,au?or ( our be+  
respond$ to a s\l 9 sil5t agony1 i4e4 9 

conflict1 9 a /ruggle = victory1 x 0 to 
?is great desc5dant ( ! bond-woman      
,hag>6 ,= 9 ,islam1 & ! s\l ( ,islam1   
su* z he inculcat$1 ! victory 0 great]  
?an any ,m>a?on or ,!rmopyl4     ,,*apt]
 ,,iv  ,,mohamm$',s ,,pr9ciples ,,&     
,,beliefs   ,mohamm$1 z ,i h m ?an once 
said1 0 all = unity & cohesion1 !re=e   
aga9/ division & dis9tegration ( any    
k9d4 ,conc5tration 0 z ! brea? ( life to
 him4 ,diss5sion a deadly evil4 ,9 8    
s*eme ( religion & politics !re 0 no    
place = s*ism4 ,s*ism meant discord1 &  
discord ! devil4 ,to him discord 0 z    
,ate1 ! "m ( diss5sion4 ,he recogniz$1 z
 ,sp5s] evid5tly did1 t 8discord h>d] is
 to end ?an to beg903      8,= all h]   
/udie 01 & all h] ?\ght1     ,h[ %e     
might ov]?r[ ! ?+s t concord wr\ght40   
,& above all ?+s1 ?is ,/atesman ,prophet
 0 ! ess5ce & p]sonification (          
c5tralization & concord4 ,= unity alone 
r5d]$ ,islam feasible4 ,?us 9 ! second  
,surah he insi/s t mank9d 0 ( "o fai? f 
! beg9n+4 ,?us too z a j1 fai?ful &     

consi/5t man1 he is oppos$ to viol5ce & 
tak+ ! (f5sive1 ev5 9 ! "n & "u ! cloak 
( religion2 he con/antly advocates &    
au?orizes 7t is1 has ,god's au?ority =7 
! def5sive4 ,he ev5 recomm5ds1 at ! same
 "t t he excuses1 w> & retaliation on ! 
unbeliev] & infidel4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 
,i am b\nd to admit t ,mohamm$          
disapproves ( & disc\nt5ances viol5ce 9 
religion4 ,he1 9 fact1 di/9ctly =bids 8 
foll[]s f en=c+ x4 ,_! own p]secution 0 
to be met by pati5ce4 ,apo/ates &       
unbeliev]s 7 to be giv5 "t meet =       
rep5tance4 ,yet to him1 fanatic z he 0 )
 reg>d to religion1 ,islam 0 ! only true
 ,fai?1 ! cov5ant1 ! sure ark ( ,god t  
alone c\ld secure salvation4 ,( ?is & ( 
,god he 0 no m ?an an ,apo/le--i4e4 a   
mess5g]2 also an exp\nd]--b z su* he    
obvi\sly tri$ to live up to 8 "n (      
,fai?ful4 ,?is speaks volumes = 8       
tol]ation & humanity 9 an age :5 nei!r  
"o nor ! o!r ( ^! attributes 7 mu* 9    
repute2 :5 bo?1 9 fact1 7 at a l[ ebb4  
,yet x %[s u h[ int5sely human !        

,prophet 04 ,a man ( great pati5ce1     
prud5ce & tru/wor?9ess1 ( ret5tive      
memory1 /rong "*1 & ) ! disposition ( a 
judge--a v comm&] ( m54 ,?us he         
ackn[l$ges ! div9ity ( ,god 9 =giv+1 & !
 humanity ( man 9 dem&+ rep>ation &     
re/itution4 ,"h ! moral excell5ce (     
,mohamm$ %9es out z a brilliant4 ,9     
,surah xiv41 8a griev\s puni%m5t is     
prep>$ = ! unju/4 ,b !y :o %all h       
believ$ & wr\ght righte\sness1 %all be  
introduc$ into g>d5s1 :]e9 riv]s fl[2 !y
 %all rema9 !re9 = ev] by ! p]mission ( 
_! ,"l1 & _! salutation !re9 %all be    
,peace40 ,f ?is & _m o!r simil>         
passages1 x w\ld seem t ,mohamm$1 by 8  
con/ant reit]ation ( ,promises &        
,?reats1 by 8 det]m9$ insi/5ce !reon1   
hop$ ultimately to conv9ce ev5 8 enemies
 ( 8 s9c]ity also ( ! fact t ,islam1 z !
 cre$ ( ! "o & only ,god1 0 ! true      
,fai?4 ,aga9 9 ?is passage 7,surah vi471
 8,god cause? ! gra9 & ! date-/one to   
put =?1 ,he br+e? =? ! liv+ f ! dead1 & 
,he br+e? =? ! dead f ! liv+4 ,?is is   

,god10 etc41 etc42 we get a cle> insight
 into ! int5sity & compreh5siv5ess ( !  
div9e conception z x appe>$ to him4 ,a  
little fur!r on 9 ! same passage he     
speaks ( ,god z 8,he :o ha? produc$ y f 
"o s\l2 & ha? provid$ = y a sure        
receptacle & a repository10 namely 9 !  
lo9s ( y\r fa!rs1 & ! womb ( y\r        
mo!rs--"o ( ^? gleams ( pan!ism t ,i h  
already allud$ to4  ,b ( all ! passages 
9 ! ,koran1 ! foll[+ is1 9 _m ways1 "o (
 ! mo/ significant3 8,:atev] good       
befalle? !e1 ,o man1 x is f ,god2 &     
:atev] evil befalle? !e1 x is f ?yself40
 ,x is obvi\s f ?is t ! prophet believ$ 
evil to be a human weakness ) man z an  
active & self-will$ ag5t4 ,sale 9 a note
 !reon says3 8,^! words are n to be     
und]/ood z contradict+ ! prec$+ v]se1 t 
all is f ,god1 s9ce ! evil t befalls    
mank9d1 ?\gh ord]$ by ,god1 is yet !    
consequ5ce ( _! own wick$ actions40 ,b z
 ,mohamm$ reg>d$ ! sublime div9ity (    
,god1 x w\ld be m accurate to int]pret !
 evil n z be+ orda9$ or ev5 sanction$ by

 ,god1 b z be+ p]mitt$1 or r n prev5t$  
by ,him z a ?+ inevitable4 ,to him !    
purity1 sanctity & inviolability ( ,god 
0 ( su* va/ mom5t1 t x 0 unju/--a mortal
 s9--to devise ev5 a lie aga9/ ,him4 8,&
 :o is m unju/ ?an he :o devise? a lie  
aga9/ ,god1 t he may s$uce m5 )\t       
und]/&+80 ,! frequ5t repetition ( ?is & 
o!r l passages is significant (         
,mohamm$'s s9c]ity1 also ( 8 moral      
p]si/5ce & t5acity4 ,x 0 f 8 po9t ( view
 bad en\gh to h d\bt ?r[n on !          
au!nticity ( 8 mission4 ,?is he c\ld to 
"s ext5t put up )4 ,b x 0 z naught      
comp>$ to ! reflection1 ! crime ( p]jury
 committ$ aga9/ ! ,almighty4 ,to ca/ a  
slur on ,8 hol9ess 9 ?is audaci\s way1 0
 no?+ %ort ( blasphemy1 a crime wor?y ( 
et]nal hell fire & damnation4 ,few m5 9 
! _w's hi/ory 7 z loyal to _! ,god z ?is
 grim b fai?ful product ( ,arabia !     
,/ony4 ,9 ?is respect1 & p>ticul>ly )   
reg>d to ! dep? & int5sity ( _! religi\s
 zeal & f]v\r1 !re 0 a /rong resemblance
 betwe5 ,cromwell & ,mohamm$4 ,to bo? ( 

^! moral ironsides1 ^? :o did n believe 
z !y believ$ 7 unbeliev]s1 & z su*      
outside ! pale ( ,god's m]cy4 ,=        
believ]s1 h[ev]1 no?+ 0 too good4 ,to   
su* an ext5t did ^! pr9ciples influ5ce !
 latt]1 t he ev5 w5t s f> z to promise t
 all grudges %\ld be remov$ f ! m9ds ( !
 fai?ful4 ,"h aga9 we h evid5ce (       
,mohamm$'s unque/ionable humanity2 also 
( civilization to a m>k$ degree4 ,= a   
grudge1 al?\gh fundam5tally &           
*>act]i/ically human1 0 at ! same "t1 & 
/ill is among ! ,b$aw9s1 a peculi>ly    
,arabian idiosyncrasy2 associat$ z x 01 
& (t5 culm9at+ z x did1 9 acts (        
v5geance id5tical to ! ,corsican        
v5detta1 8! t]rible blood feud :i* ev5 !
 mo/ reckless fe> = _! po/]ity40  ,9    
spite1 h[ev]1 ( 8 eag]ness & zeal =     
conv]sion1 consi/5t z ?is 0 ) 8 idea (  
national autonomy1 9 no?+ did ,mohamm$  
%[ 8 s9c]ity s mu* z 9 8 ?or\ghness &   
hone/y4 ,he 0 no?+ if n ?or\gh4 ,! long 
& ardu\s probation he pass$ ?r\gh 9     
prep>+ & fitt+ himself = 8 mission--!   

m5tal conc5tration1 ! wre/l+s ) all t is
 evil & inexorable 9 man's nature1 !    
night wat*es1 ! agonies1 ! commun+s )   
,god--all g to prove ?is4 ,& if to be   
outspok5 & c&id is hone/y1 !n inde$ no  
"o has surpass$ him 9 t respect4 ,9 8   
eyes a true disciple ( ,islam meant a   
man :o liv$ & act$ up to ! t5ets &      
pr9ciples ( its fai?4 ,= in/ance1 ) him 
!re 0 no su* fiasco z a dea?-b$         
rep5tance4 8,b no rep5tance %all be     
accept$ f ^? :o d evil until ! "t :5    
dea? pres5te? itself unto "o ( !m1 & he 
sai? v]ily ,i rep5t n[2 nor unto ^? :o  
die unbeliev]s3 = !m h we prep>$ a      
griev\s puni%m5t40 ,su* an act 0 :olly  
repugnant to ! f9e s5se ( equity &      
ju/ice t he possess$1 advocat+ z he s   
/r5u\sly did ! use ( 8a full measure & j
 balance40 ,z "o :o _h giv5 practically 
8 :ole life to ! s]vice & adoration (   
,god1 8 s\l rose 9 revolt & abhorr$ s   
vile a subt]fuge4 ,x 0 add+ insult to   
injury4 ,a m]e sneak+ /ratagem ( prie/ly
 artifice1 held out z an allur+ b       

(f5sive bait4 ,a despicable & devili%   
cunn+ on ! "p ( ! unbeliev]1 :o w\ld    
endeav\r to ?r[ du/ into ! sun-pi]c+    
vision ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 all unconsci\s ( 
! ?9ness & transp>5cy ( 8 device & (    
,god's se>*+ p5etration1 t c\ld pi]ce   
?r\gh all et]nity ev5 unto ! utt]mo/    
ends ( ,8 mighty univ]se6 ,to s]ve      
mammon a lifetime1 & !n at ! la/ mom5t1 
:5 on ! br9k ( dea?'s un5d+ precipice1  
to turn to ,god & expect to reap ! same 
rew>d ( et]nal bliss z ! :ole-he>t$     
believ] :o has giv5 all or a great "p ( 
8 life to ,god's s]vice1 0 impossible4  
,! v ?\ght ( x 0 mon/r\s4 ,! *oice lay )
 ! ego himself6 ,evil 0 8 own do+6 ,good
 also lay )9 8 rea*4 ,x 0 9 a great     
measure a matt] ( *oice4 ,e man 0 m or  
less responsible = 8 own undo+4 ,to a   
life ( evil1 a dea?-b$ rep5tance 0 n    
capable ( produc+ m ?an its own         
equival5t ( happ9ess1 i4e4 ! m]e/       
possible fragm5t4 ,?is 0 9 accordance ) 
,god's pr9ciple ( ! scales ( ju/ice & an
 ev5 balance4 ,yet ,mohamm$ 0 n aga9/   

rep5tance & contrition :5 s9c]e & made 9
 due & prop] "t4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 he     
holds out ! olive bran*1 & reit]ates !  
=giv5ess & m]cy ( ,god1 z attributes t  
belong$ to ,him alone4 ,m]cy1 inde$1 0 n
 s mu* an attribute z a monopoly4 8,he  
ha? prescrib$ unto ,himself m]cy10 z    
compatible ) ! fact t ,he 0 ! f9al ,c\rt
 ( ,appeal4 ,h[ev] adv]sely ! !ologian  
may criticize ?is f ! mod]n ,*ri/ian    
/&po9t1 x is cle> & direct pro( (       
,mohamm$'s :ole-he>t$ s9c]ity4 ,fur!r x 
is equally direct & tangible evid5ce ( !
 ard\r & zeal t 0 9 him z a prophet &   
re=m]4  ,god1 ) all ,8 /]nness &        
inflexibility1 z ,he appe>$ to ,mohamm$1
 0 j & m]ciful4 ,a /rict comp>ison      
betwe5 ,yahveh & ,allah c]ta9ly incl9es 
! balance 9 fav\r ( ! latt]4 ,jehovah at
 ,8 be/ 0 a ,god ( blood & v5geance1 at 
,8 wor/ a voraci\s mon/]4 ,9 ,allah1 /]n
 & av5g+ ,god z ,he 01 !re 0 at lea/    
compassion & m]cy & =giv5ess4 ,he 0 n   
inexorable4 ,he w\ld li/5 to reason4    
,mohamm$ himself 0 a di/9ct advance on !

 f\nd] ( ! anci5t ,jewi% fai?4 ,he 0 m  
humane1 a man ( broad] & deep]          
sympa?ies4 ,/]n & h>d to a degree :]e   
,god & ! ,fai? 0 conc]n$2 :]e m51 b     
especially wom5 & *ildr51 7 conc]n$1 he 
0 all t5d]ness & pity4  ,dutiful &      
ob$i5t to 8 uncle :o _h be5 a fa!r to   
him1 he 0 a fai?ful s]vant1 an exempl>y 
husb&1 a k9d fa!r1 a good ma/]4 ,! v "n 
( ,fai?ful1 by :i* he 0 always di/+ui%$1
 proves beyond a d\bt :at mann] ( man he
 04 ,an orphan himself 9 *ildhood1 e>ly 
inur$ to pov]ty1 8 he>t w5t out to all  
^? :o _h ! mis=tune to be simil>ly      
situat$4 ,= ! poor1 ! weak1 ! helpless1 
he _h a fell[-feel+4 ,! degrad$ or at   
lea/ dep5d5t & unprotect$ position (    
wom51 _! moral & legal helplessness mo/ 
( all1 appeal$ to him4 ,b 9 no s5se     
because he 0 s5sual4 ,s5suality 0 n "o (
 8 _m fail+s4 ,a man f top to bottom1 by
 bir?1 bre$+ & environm5t ,mohamm$ 0 an 
,arab & a ,patri>*4 ,z su* he only      
naturally lik$ wom5 & *ildr54 ,to m5 & =
 ! ,fai? a /rong h>d man1 to ! weak &   

helpless he 0 t5d] & affectionate4 ,z he
 0 /rong1 s he 0 m]ciful & full ( human 
sympa?ies4 ,8 long & happy union )      
,khadija %[s n only t he 0 fai?ful to a 
degree1 b a man ( high moral fibre4 ,a  
man too full ( ! gravity ( life to squ&]
 8 sub/ance 9 m]e s5suality4 ,b 9 all   
ea/]n & ,african c\ntries :]e polygamy  
prevails1 m>riage is a pure matt] (     
political conv5i5ce4 ,mohamm$ knew ?is4 
,he recogniz$ t m>riage 0 a v important 
factor 9 secur+ influ5ce & p[]4 ,x ?rew 
out octopean feel]s at v>i\s tang5ts &  
e/abli%$ c]ta9 associations & connexions
 to :i* x clung1 z a limpet to a rock or
 a devil-fi% to its victim4 ,! same     
pr9ciple d[n almo/ to our own day has   
be5 a p[]ful factor 9 ,european         
/atecraft4 ,ev5 ! e>li] practice ( keep+
 mi/resses1 s mu* indulg$ 9 by !        
sov]eign hold]s ( s-call$ 8div9e        
rights10 _h mu* 9 common ) ?is cu/om4 ,x
 0 und\bt$ly ?is motive m ?an any o!r   
:i* influ5c$ ,mohamm$4 ,x 0 an ess5tial 
feature 9 8 great design4 ,= 9 spite ( 8

 ov]:elm+ devotion to ,god1 not)/&+     
,god's obsession ( him1 ,mohamm$ 0      
ess5tially human4 ,!re 0 room & sorr[ 9 
8 he>t = human frailties4 ,8 desire 0   
/rong to rem$y !m4 ,he too l ,lu!r 0 a  
,prote/ant1 & a ,re=m]4  ,z to ! s\lless
 !ory reg>d+ ! fair sex1 :i* has be5    
lit]ally ?ru/ ^u ! ,moslem _w by an     
antipa!tic if n inimical ,*ri/5dom1 ,i q
 agree ) ,burton4 8,! ,moslems nev] w5t 
s f>40 ,at all ev5ts if "s ( !m h done  
s1 8,c]ta9 #8,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1' x mu/ be
 rememb]$1 did n believe t wom5 h s\ls40
 ,lady ,m>y ,wortley ,montagu1 9 "o ( t 
inimitable s]ies ( lett]s :i* %e wrote1 
admits z mu*4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> lett]     
writt5 f ,con/ant9ople on ,may #bi1     
#agag 7,o4,s471 to ! ,abb ,conti1 %e    
says3 8,our vulg> notion t !y 7! ,turks7
 d n own wom5 to h any s\ls is a        
mi/ake40 ,& !n %e cont9ues1 b 9 n s     
accurate a ve93 8',tis true1 !y say !y  
are n ( s elevat$ a k9d1 & !re=e mu/ n  
hope to be admitt$ into ! p>adise       
appo9t$ = ! m51 :o are to be ent]ta9$ by

 cele/ial beauties4 ,b !re is a place ( 
happ9ess de/9$ = s\ls ( ! inf]ior ord]1 
:]e all good wom5 are to be 9 et]nal    
bliss40 ,x is 9 no s5se surpris+1 !re=e1
 t to ,mohamm$ ,allah 0 ! m]ciful4 ,s 9 
! six? surah1 he writes3 8,we 7z if     
id5tify+ himself ) ,god7 w n impose a   
task on any s\l beyond its ability4 ,=  
?is self-same reason1 ,god is m9d$ to   
make 8 religion light unto y3 = man 0   
creat$ weak40 ,/rong & endur+ z s9c]ity 
& conviction made him1 ,mohamm$ knew 8  
own weakness4 ,h5ce ) a clem5cy t 0     
div9e he made concessions su* z ^!4 ,9  
^! he ackn[l$g$ t1 8to err is human1 to 
=give div9e40 ,all ! m1 h[ev]1 we _c b  
admire 8 c&\r4 ,ev5 z reg>ds himself1 8 
%ortcom+s & inadequacies1 he speaks ) an
 op5ness & /raight=w>dness t dis>ms     
suspicion--t =ces ! inquir] to respect  
him ) all ! great] rev]5ce z a great    
lead] ( m54 8,s say ,i n unto y1 !      
treasures ( ,god are 9 my p[]2 nei!r d  
,i say1 ,i "k ! secrets ( ,god1 nei!r d 
,i say unto y1 ,v]ily ,i am an angel3 ,i

 foll[ only t :i* is reveal$ unto me40  
,inde$ ! m closely & c>efully ,i look   
into 8 words 9 comp>ison ) 8 life &     
acts1 ! m obvi\s d 8 c&\r & s9c]ity     
become4 ,! m obvi\s is x to me t al?\gh 
ess5tially ! product ( a grim & petrifi$
 environm5t1 he himself 0 unique4 ,a man
 9 advance ( 8 "t & p4 ,= deep d[n 9 !  
s\l ( him1 ! ri* milk ( human k9dness   
well$ up out ( ! same et]nal s\rce f :i*
 he d]iv$ 8 fe> & v5]ation = ! ,supreme6
 ,truly ! ,prophet & spiritual rul] ( ! 
,ea/ & polygamy1 z ,*ri/ /&s = ! ,we/ & 
monogamy6  ,x 0 ) ^! weapons1 comb9$ ) !
 t5acity ( an ela/ic & imp]i%able       
pati5ce1 t ,mohamm$ f\ght ! ,korei% &   
o!r tribes1 & x 0 ) !m he f9ally        
conqu]$4 ,_h he be5 ins9c]e1 !re w\ld h 
be5 no ,islam4 ,_h !re be5 no _s ( a    
div9e moral conception su* z he infus$  
into ! cre$ 7:i* came ?r\gh him f !     
great f\nta9 head ( ,god & ,nature71    
,islam w\ld h )]$ & p]i%$ f %e]         
exhau/ion & debility4 ,f ! /&po9t (     
physical & moral purity1 ,mohamm$ 0 9 e 

s5se an ,ess5e4 ,n only !re=e 0         
cleanl9ess ( ! body an absolute         
ess5tial1 b cleanl9ess ( m9d4 ,fil?y    
immoral actions & depravities t he knew 
exi/$1 unju/ viol5ce & iniquities1 :e!r 
op5ly done or 9 concealm5t1 7 condemn$ &
 =bidd5 9 sca?+ t]ms z a violation (    
,god's express comm&4 ,! sophi/ry t w\ld
 make an evil to be no crime unless f\nd
 out1 he d5\nc$ ) all ! fi]y ard\r ( 8  
f]v5t nature4 ,f ,god !re 0 no          
concealm5t4 ,9 8 eyes x 0 a crime all ! 
same--great]1 9 fact1 because ( attempt$
 concealm5t4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,!        
,,mat]ial ,,& ,,o!r ,,sides ,,( ,,!     
,,prophet',s ,,"*   ,9 refut+ ^?        
sceptics :o h d\bt$ ! tru? & s9c]ity (  
,islam1 ,c>lyle condemns scepticism 7r  
too ha/ily x seems to me7 z an          
indication ( spiritual p>alysis4 ,mo/   
unque/ionably he 0 "r 9 d5\nc+ ! =m] z  
an idiotic & godless !ory4 ,b scepticism
 itself 9 a g5]al s5se is n necess>ily  
an evil4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a natural  
t5d5cy t arises out ( ! in/9ct (        

curiosity4 ,k is n an in]t & passive    
pr9ciple1 b an active & dynamic =ce4    
,buckle 9 8 hi/ory speaks ( scepticism z
 /imulat+ curiosity4 ,b he has put ! c>t
 be=e ! horse4 ,x is curiosity t excites
 scepticism4 ,curiosity is an animal    
in/9ct--! basis ( all sci5ce4 ,x exi/s 9
 ! l[] animal creation--scepticism only 
9 ! upp] human section4 ,x is a high] or
 fur!r developm5t1 a t5d5cy t is c]ta9ly
 /r5g!n$1 if n acquir$ ?r\gh education4 
,accord+ to ,lecky1 8,! fir/ /age to    
tol]ation 9 ,engl& 0 due to ! _s (      
scepticism encroa*+ ^u ! doctr9e (      
exclusive salvation02 & 8! ext9ction ( !
 _s ( intol]ance bo? 9 ,ca?olic &       
,prote/ant c\ntries--due to ! _s (      
rationalism--0 ! noble/ ( all ! conque/s
 ( civilization40 ,b z rationalism      
itself is *iefly ! consequ5ce (         
scepticism & ! result ( inquiry1 x is   
obvi\s t 9 a deeply fundam5tal s5se1 !  
_w is v consid]ably indebt$ to sci5ce or
 ! _s ( scepticism4 ,inde$ all k has    
aris5 f exp]i5ce1 & ! desire to se>*    

into ! root ( ?+s--to "k :at is :at4    
,)\t curiosity & scepticism1 human ?\ght
 w\ld h long s9ce /agnat$ & ! _w rema9$ 
sunk 9 ignorance4 ,z ,ghazali says1 8,no
 k )\t assurance des]ves ! "n ( k40     
,see+ is n always dev\r+4 ,curiosity is 
n necess>ily gluttony1 or 8scepticism1 t
 curse ( ! intellect10 z ,victor ,hugo  
calls x4 ,gluttony is unnatural1        
un:olesome1 & be/ial4 ,x is n s mu*     
ov]do+1 z a flagrant abuse & outrage ( a
 natural appetite4 ,x is a kick+ aga9/ !
 pricks--a fly+ 9 ! face ( ,provid5ce4  
,b curiosity z an in/9ct direct f       
,nature is heal?y1 !re=e ! use ( x z    
also :olesome /&s 9 ne$ ( /imulus &     
enc\ragem5t4  ,s ,t5nyson said (        
,%elley3--      8,!re lives m fai? 9    
hone/ d\bt1     ,believe me1 ?an 9 half 
! cre$s40  ,9 ?is righte\s s5se ,mohamm$
 0 curi\s4 ,z "o ( h] own selection1    
,nature _h specially end[$ him )        
curiosity4 ,he 0 "o ( h] human1 s5sitive
 plants4 ,z an obs]v]1 all 8 s5ses 7    
develop$ & on ! al]t4 ,he n only saw1 b 

felt e vibration t ?rill$1 z x 71 ! v   
s\l ( ! fir/ great "m4 ,9 e flitt+ cl\d1
 z 9 e fugitive ?\ght1 he 0 consci\s (  
an unse5 ,p[]4 ,a look-out man r ?an a  
prophet1 x 0 ?us he grop$ or r felt 8   
way until he felt ,god4 8,i feel t !re  
is a ,god10 said ,la ,bruyre1 8& ,i d n 
feel t !re is none3 t is en\gh = me2 !  
reason+ ( ! _w is useless to me3 ,i     
conclude t ,god exi/s40 ,x 0 9 mu* !    
same ve9 ( self-argum5t t ,mohamm$      
commun$ to himself4 ,hav+ felt ,god1    
,god became = him a necessity3 m s ev51 
an ess5tial--an absolutism :i* bani%$   
all else f 8 m9d4 ,! ?\ght t !re 0 no   
,god did n occur to him4 ,b ! ?\ght t   
o!r gods c\ld exi/ 9 ! same univ]se ) ! 
"o omnipot5ce 0 to him z mon/r\s z x 0  
un?9kable4 ,besides ,him !re 0 no room =
 any o!r4 ,! v ?\ght 9 8 e/imation p]i%$
 f inanition & %e] inability (          
conception6 ,! tr9ity ( ,*ri/ianity 0 to
 him z impossible & unacceptable z !    
ant$iluvian or lat] poly!ism ( 8 own    
c\ntrym54  ,all active m9ds are         

sceptical4 ,c>lyle himself--al?\gh he   
appe>s to h be5 unconsci\s ( ! fact--0  
himself a sceptic4 ,b x 0 peculi>ly     
*>act]i/ic ( ! antagoni/ic dualism ( 8  
nature on ! "o h& to hurl innu5does1    
ana!mas 7& e k9d ( m5tal brickbat t he  
c\ld lay hold (7 at :at he call$        
scepticism or unbelief4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to
 hold up belief z absolutely ess5tial to
 human exi/5ce4 ,b l all !oretical      
crot*ets1 he c>ri$ 8 philosophical      
speculations too f>4 ,9 o!r words1 he   
sometimes ov]rea*$ himself4 ,accord+ to 
8 p>ticul> dogma1 9 8 op9ion1 ! life (  
man _c subsi/ on d\bt or d5ial1 x       
subsi/s only on belief4 ,b ?is is       
altoge!r beside ! m>k4 ,scepticism does 
n necess>ily imply d\bt or d5ial4       
,belief itself _c exi/ )\t x4 ,x is out 
( ! a%es ( scepticism t ! immortal      
,phnix ( belief arises4 ,x is out ( !   
d\bt & d5ial ( accept$ doctr9es t all   
cre$s 7includ+ ,*ri/ianity & ,islam7 h  
gr[n into be+4 ,! d\bt eng5d]$ by       
scepticism is aft] all only an          

inve/igation or lead+ into1 an analysis 
( ! nature ( dogmas1 doctr9es or cre$s4 
,x is an inve/igation t may or may n h a
 result4 ,x is b a se>* = or grop+ aft] 
! tru?1 z ! consequ5ce ( moral1         
intellectual or spiritual               
dissatisfaction4 ,x is also ! desire to 
"k1 to f9d out ! pros & cons ( all !    
sides to a "q4 ,! _s or elem5t ( d\bt is
 ! necess>y1 ! ess5tial precursor (     
improvem5t & progress4 ,h5ce ! imm5se   
importance & significance ( ,scepticism4
 ,x is ! v sum & sub/ance ( all human k4
 ,z ! acorn is to ! oak1 scepticism is  
to k--! se$ f :i* has sprung up all we  
"k1 & ev] %all "k4 ,! ev] flu5t *annel  
?r\gh :i* all ! great intellectual      
giants & re=m]s ( ! _w h p\r$ out ! gl[+
 fla%-lights ( _! intellect into !      
normal d>kness ( human m9ds4 ,x is !    
moral effluvium out ( :i* our mod]n     
civilization has con/ruct$ itself4 ,)\t 
x1 ! d5se gloom & black obscurity (     
ignorance w\ld h reign$ supreme4        
,confus$1 *aotic1 & enigmatic z ! _w n[ 

is--ev5 9 ! full gl>e ( its             
sunlight--)\t x 7if x 7 possible to     
imag9e su* a /ate7 ! _w w\ld h be5 an   
enigma1 a *aos & confusion worse        
conf\nd$4 ,= scepticism is1 z x 71 ! sun
 9 all its glory1 z comp>$ to ! black   
oblivion ( et]nal night4 ,if nei!r ,lu!r
 nor ,mohamm$ _h be5 sceptics1 !re w\ld 
h be5 no ,re=mation & no ,islam4 ,!y did
 n take ev]y?+ = grant$4 ,!y 7 n        
satisfi$ ) ?+s z !y 74 ,!y look$ into ! 
he>t ( !m & f\nd mu* room = improvem5t4 
,!y exam9$ :at !y c\ld1 reject$ t :i* 0 
spiritually objectionable to !m1 b made 
use ( :at 0 mo/ appropriate to _!       
respective situations4 ,x 0 only ^?     
features t be/ suit$ ! exig5cies ( !    
case t !y 7 prompt to lay hold (4  ,yet 
,mohamm$ 0 n ( vigor\s intellectuality1 
nor 9 any s5se an orig9al ?9k]4 ,!      
con/ant repetition ( =mulas & reit]ation
 ( ! same ideas t occur ?r\gh\t ! ,koran
 %[ ?is4 ,x is extremely probable t 8   
m5tality 0 at times ov]%ad[$ ei!r by    
neura/h5ic t5d5cies1 or a pr$isposition 

to melan*olia1 & ?is 0 m ?an likely     
height5$ by a life ( excessive m5tal    
conc5tration comb9$ ) asceticism4  ,b   
s9c]e z he 01 ,mohamm$ w\ld n h be5 a   
true ,arabian1 _h he n be5 diplomatic4  
,?us ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\rte5? surah is a
 clev] b obvi\s device on 8 "p2 a meet+ 
( 8 enemies ) _! own weapons1 a fl++    
back to !m ( _! own words & objections  
to ! tru? 9 _! own tee?4 ,x is cle> too 
t "h1 = ! "t be+1 he has resolv$ on a   
*ange ( tactics & ( front4 ,to prove to 
!m t he is z ( old ! man to be tru/$1 he
 endeav\rs to dis>m _! incr$ulity by 8  
own outspok5ness & c&\r4 ,z ! sequel    
%[$1 he cle>ly demon/rates 8 own        
p]spicacity & k ( human nature4 ,he saw 
t by argu+ ) 8 c\ntrym51 by always      
oppos+ _! d\bts ) sophi/ry & argum5t1   
w\ld be ( little avail--useless1 9 fact4
 ,su* a c\rse w\ld b h enc\rag$ &       
/imulat$ _! opposition1 on ! gr\nd t _! 
beliefs1 z wor? refut+1 7 also bas$ on  
tru? or at lea/ on /rong evid5ce4       
,besides1 ,mohamm$ 0 pa9fully consci\s (

 8 own disability & helplessness to     
conv9ce !m by ! p]=mance ( any?+        
purport+ to be miracul\s4 ,t on         
occasions he display$ artfulness &      
guile--duplicity1 9 fact--is n to be    
d5i$4 ,! inv5tion1 e4g41 ( 8 night      
j\rney f ,mecca to heav5 vi ,j]usalem1 0
 "o ( !m4 ,:5 he gave out t ,gabriel _h 
reveal$ to him ! conspiracy t _h be5 =m$
 aga9/ him1 :i* ?r\gh ord9>y means he _h
 discov]$1 0 ano!r ( ^! pi\s frauds4 ,b 
aft] all1 :at are ^! trifles comp>$ ) ^?
 t 9 _! myriads h be5 p]petrat$ by !    
great ,*ur* ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,:at are !y z  
comp>$ to a long life ( /r5u\s s9c]ity1 
great nobility & e>ne/ ef=t 9 ! cause ( 
humanity8 ,x is impossible to lose sight
 ( ! fact t 9 work+ = ,god1 he 0 all !  
"t rais+ 8 c\ntrym5 f a l[] to a high]  
level4 ,besides1 ! necessity (          
dissimulation1 :i* is "o ( ! heavie/    
taxes on a k+1 & ! pr]ogative ( a prie/1
 is "o ( ^? idiosyncrasies t human fle% 
be+ heir to1 ev5 a prophet _c at times  
escape f4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! phrase3    

8,qui scit dissimul>e1 scit regn>e0--,he
 is a rul] :o c conceal 8               
?\ghts--attribut$ to ! ,emp]or          
,sigismund by t cultur$ & ambiti\s b    
false & subtle ,pontiff ,pius ,,ii1 kn[n
 z neas ,sylvius 7,pius neas73 also !   
id5tical answ] t ,l\is ,,xi is said to h
 made to ^? :o urg$ him to give 8 son   
,*>les a bett] education1 9 ord] t ! boy
 might 9 8 day become a good k+4  ,x 0 n
 only t ,mohamm$'s enemies 7 sceptical (
 8 p[]s & 8 mission1 b !y mi/ru/$ 8     
int5tions4 ,?is1 inde$1 to a s9c]e &    
e>ne/ man l himself1 0 a bitt] pill2 a  
pill he f\nd x h>d to swall[4 ,= he 0   
consci\s ( 8 own s9c]ity1 & z "t w5t on1
 an increas+ foll[+ gave him great]     
confid5ce 9 ! reality ( 8 mission4      
,inde$ 9 proportion z 8 self-confid5ce  
develop$1 8 conviction 9 ! p[] & unity (
 ,god became an ev] increas+ quantity4  
,?is increas+ consci\sness ( ,god's p[] 
& 8 own s9c]ity _h ! gradual effect (   
mak+ him bold] & m aggressive1 s t ?is  
outspok5ness 0 a direct outcome ( x1    

until at la/ ,mohamm$ felt t x 0 8 duty 
n m]ely to ann\nce 8,islam0--8! true    
,fai?10 b to en=ce its acceptance on !  
p4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 z we "k1 0 aft] 8     
flight to ,m$9a4 ,true 8 own p1 !       
,korei%1 _h driv5 him out ) scorn &     
viol5ce1 _h ca/ contumely & di%on\r on  
him1 by reject+ ! ^w1 :ile /rang]s _h   
he>k5$ unto him & accept$ x4 ,x is      
equally true t ! su/a9$ v9dictiv5ess %[n
 by ! ,korei% 0 suffici5t 9 itself to   
excite ! _s ( retaliation1 ev5 9 a man (
 ,mohamm$'s pati5t & t5aci\s "*4 ,b     
sugge/ive z ?is may be1 x is q c]ta9 t  
he act$ on conviction 9 assum+ !        
(f5sive4 ,x is obvi\s1 too1 t 9 do+ s1  
he felt t he 0 act+ "u div9e compulsion4
 ,9 any case1 we mu/ all[ t 8a man is   
really ( weight 9 ! balance ( ,fate1    
only :5 he has ! "r on 8 own acc\nt to  
cause m5 to be sla940 ,9 ,mohamm$'s     
case1 h[ev]1 if conviction c\nts =      
any?+1 8 "r 0 a div9e "r4 ,accord+ to   
,dumas3 8,9 human nature !re are        
antipa?ies to be ov]come--sympa?ies :i* 

may be =c$40 7,! italics are m9e47      
8,iron is n ! load/one2 b by rubb+ x ) a
 load/one we make x1 9 its turn1 attract
 iron40 ,?is may be1 b x is n 9 reality 
s4 ,x is b a m]e figure ( spee* t !     
great noveli/ makes use (1 & :i* he puts
 into ! m\? ( ,r51 ! poison]1 9 support 
( "s !ory or argum5t4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1   
possible t antipa?ies may be ov]come by 
sympa?y4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 dep5ds entirely on
 ! p[] ( ! "o & ! weakness ( ! o!r4 ,b  
sympa?y _c be =c$4 ,to endeav\r to =ce  
sympa?y is to attempt ! unnatural4 ,!   
mo/ t c be expect$ f su* a cause is     
dissimulation4 ,?is c]ta9ly 0 ,mohamm$'s
 exp]i5ce4 ,al?\gh ultimately he & 8    
successors =c$ ! ^w ( ,god on ^! 8      
invet]ate enemies1 he nev] succe$$ 9 =c+
 8 sympa?ies ^u !m4 ,dea? & ,"t alone   
accompli%$ :at 8 own p]sonality fail$ to
 d4 ,?r\gh ! victory he ga9$ by !m1 he  
n[ lives en%r9$ 9 ! sanctifi$ halo ( a  
sympa?y t1 emanat+ f e ,moslem he>t1 =ms
 ) 8 own ! great & ?robb+ s\l ( ,islam4 
,b ,mohamm$ 0 n only spiritual4 ,he1 l e

 human be+1 _h a mat]ial side to 8 "*4  
,n only 0 he a prea*] & a prophet2 n    
only 0 he a lawgiv]--a law & a light    
unto 8 p to ?is v day2 b z "o :o himself
 rigidly practis$ self-d5ial & economy &
 condemn$ extravagance1 :o possess$ !   
organiz+ ability to adm9i/] ! e/ate (   
o!rs1 & :o c\ld comm& pref]ably 9 peace1
 b if necess>y 9 w>1 he 0 a /atesman &  
an economi/4 ,unque/ionably too he look$
 ahead--he made provision = ! future4 ,8
 :ole apo/olic life 0 "o long & ardu\s  
prep>ation = com+ ev5ts4 ,z an in/ance (
 ?is1 ! ord]+ ( ! ye>ly pilgrimage to   
,mecca 0 z mu* a political z a religi\s 
ord9ance4 ,by ?is measure ( policy--?is 
ma/] /roke ( psy*ologic insight into    
human ev5tualities1 ,mohamm$ %[$ 8      
natural g5ius4 ,= )\t a d\bt he aim$ at 
pres]v+ to ,arabia ! po9t & focus ( a   
religi\s c5tre1 t w\ld make = national  
consolidation & unity1 & s]ve z ! sacr$ 
rduit & rally+ gr\nd = ! _w ( ,islam4 ,s
 too he %[$ 8 capacity = sy/em &        
organization 9 legaliz+ ! fif? "p ( all 

booty & prop]ty confiscat$ to be paid   
into ! public treasury4 ,9 ! same way he
 insi/$ on ! giv+ ( ,zakat or alms =    
*>itable purposes1 ap>t f ^?            
contributions he receiv$ f 8 foll[]s =  
ma9t5ance4 ,9 mak+ ^! ord9ances appe> z 
div9e injunctions1 ,mohamm$ %[$ no m    
ins9c]ity or inconsi/5ce ?an he did 9   
claim+ ! :ole ,koran z a s]ies (        
revelations4 ,! political & economic    
factors 7 z mu* a radical "p ( 8 entire 
design1 z ! religi\s4 ,! "o c\ld n exi/ 
)\t ! o!r4 ,/atesman z he 01 he         
recogniz$ t religi\s unity c\ld only be 
firmly e/abli%$ ?r\gh political         
co-op]ation1 & t to secure national     
/ability ! s9ews ( w> 7 ess5tial4  ,x is
 all ?r\gh q obvi\s t he _h ! trad+     
in/9ct ( 8 p4 ,9 any case ! tra9+ he    
receiv$ at ! h&s & 9 ! employ ( 8 uncle 
,abu ,talib1 z well z ! subsequ5t       
managem5t ( ,khadija's bus9ess1 _h imbu$
 him v p[]fully ) bus9ess pr9ciples &   
practical ideas4 ,abu ,talib1 l 8 fa!r &
 gr&fa!r be=e him1 c>ri$ on a           

consid]able trade ) ,syria & ,yem54 ,he 
c>ri$ to ,damascus1 to ,basra & o!r     
places 9 ,syria1 ! dates ( ,hijaz &     
,hijr1 & ! p]fumes ( ,yem51 br++ back ) 
him 9 return ! products ( ! ,byzant9e   
,empire4 ,mohamm$1 z is kn[n1 accompani$
 him1 & )\t d\bt laid ! f\ndation ( an  
economic exp]i5ce1 t subsequ5tly prov$  
valuable4  ,comm]ce has always be5 !    
greate/ ( civiliz+ factors4 ,accord+ to 
,buckle3 8,among ! accessories ( mod]n  
civilization !re is none ( great] mom5t 
?an ,trade40 ,s too ,hallam says3 8,"u a
 second class ( ev5ts t contribut$ to   
de/roy ! _s ( ! ,feudal sy/em1 we may   
reckon ! abolition ( vill5age1 !        
increase ( comm]ce1 & consequ5t opul5ce 
( m]*ants & artisans1 & especially !    
in/itution ( free cities & bor\ghs4 ,?is
 is "o ( ! mo/ important & int]e/+ /eps 
9 ! progress ( society dur+ ! ,middle   
,ages1 & des]ves p>ticul> consid]ation40
 ,b ?is is all ! m important z %[+ t    
trade 0 9 reality a m p[]ful factor =   
civilization ?an ,*ri/ianity1 :i* aft]  

sev]al c5turies ( hold on ! p ( ,europe1
 _h done little m ?an inflame !m ) a    
zeal & a ze/ = fight+4 ,x is significant
 also t :ile ,rome rose to h] greate/   
em95ce "u ! ,ance/ral wor%ip ( h]       
f\nd]s1 :5 %e became ,*ri/ian1          
,*ri/ianity did n prev5t h] f decl9+ &  
fall+ into pieces4 ,b x is equally      
significant t :ile ! opul5ce conf]r$ by 
comm]ce on ,rome1 ev5tually br\ght      
reaction & ru9 ^u h] p1 ! effect x _h ^u
 ! b>b>ians :o ov]?rew ! ,et]nal ,city1 
0 suffici5tly /imulat+ to enc\rage !m to
 invade a deg5]ate empire4 ,= ! desire (
 weal? & plund] 0 b ! fir/ awak5+ ( ! _s
 ( comm]ce4 ,to be sure ! crusades gave 
a great /imulus to trade4 ,b !re 0 m ( !
 militant _s ?an ,*ri/ianity ab\t !m4   
,besides1 al?\gh comm]cial prosp]ity (t5
 accompanies w>1 reaction is c]ta9 to   
sup]v5e4 ,obvi\sly ! ess5tial importance
 ( trade 0 a tru? t ! ,m]*ant-,prophet  
soon recogniz$4 ,intuitively1 & ) !     
ke5ness ( p]ception t m>k$ him1 he      
naturally utiliz$ e lesson t x taught   

him & e advantage t x gave him4 ,nor has
 he be5 ! only !ologian :o saw its      
utility 9 a religi\s light4 ,! ,jesuits 
long aft]w>ds recogniz$ ! ag5cy (       
comm]ce 9 promot+ & diffus+ religi\s    
belief1 & became great m]*ants z well z 
great mission>ies4 ,s too x 0 ?r\gh     
comm]ce1 z ,drap] po9ts out1 8t !       
,papacy fir/ le>n$ to turn to art4 ,!   
ensu+ developm5t ( ,europe0 79 !        
,r5aissance7 80 really bas$ on ! comm]ce
 ( upp] ,italy1 & n on ! ,*ur*4 ,!      
/atesm5 ( ,flor5ce 7 ! inv5tors ( !     
balance ( p[]40  ,quot+ f ,sy$ ,ame]    
,ali's ,_s ( ,islam1 ,fihr1 surnam$     
,korei%1 a desc5dant ( ,maad--:o fl\ri%$
 9 ! ?ird c5tury--0 ! ance/or ( ! tribe 
t gave to ,arabia h] prophet &          
legislator4 ,?is fact1 trifl+ z x may   
appe>1 is1 h[ev]1 rem>kable1 if n       
significant4 ,= ?is ^w 8,korei%0 is     
d]iv$ f 8,k>a%10 to trade2 & x appe>s t 
,fihr & 8 desc5dants 7 always devot$ to 
comm]ce4 ,f ?is x is safe to assume t   
trad+ 0 an inh]5t in/9ct 9 ,mohamm$4    

,?is ap>t1 to him p]sonally ,islam 0 a  
some?+ m ?an a m]e cre$ or belief4 ,x 0 
,god's own religion seal$ & deliv]$ to  
him by ,god4 ,n to deliv] x to 8 p z    
comm&$1 n to c>ry x ?r\gh--by p]suasion 
fir/ ( all1 by fire & sword if man's    
ob/9acy & rejection ( x made x          
necess>y--w\ld mean t he _h fail$ 9 8   
duty to ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! s5se & _s (    
duty 0 /rong] 9 ,mohamm$ ?an 9 ,nelson4 
,9 him x 0 n simply an active & vital   
pr9ciple4 ,x 0 an impell+ =ce4 ,s       
insep>able f ,god1 t to him x appe>$ z  
,god ,himself4 ,b ) him ,god always came
 fir/4 ,8 duty to 8 c\ntry 0 subord9ate 
to 8 duty to 8 ,mak]4 ,8 duty to ,him1  
!re=e1 0 8 duty to 8 c\ntry4 ,s 9 surah 
xi4 he says3 8,o my p1 d ye "w accord+  
to y\r condition2 ,i w surely "w accord+
 to my duty10 i4e4 accord+ to ,god4 ,9  
num]\s passages he po9ts out t ,god 0   
absolutely av]se to pr(usion &          
extravagance1 equally s to meanness4    
,true lib]ality 9 8 op9ion consi/$ 9 !  
happy mean betwe5 ! two extremes4 8,&   

wa/e n ?y sub/ance pr(usely2 = ! pr(use 
are bre?r5 ( ! devils3 & ! devil 0      
ungrateful unto 8 ,"l0 7surah xvii474   
,aga9 9 ! six?1 8,b be n pr(use1 = ,god 
love? n ^? :o are too pr(use02 & 9 !    
foll[+ ! economic in/9ct %[s itself mo/ 
significantly3 8,o true believ]s1       
consume n y\r weal? among y\rselves 9   
vanity2 unless !re be m]*&iz+ among y by
 mutual cons5t40 ,once m ,mohamm$       
demon/rates 8 great pr(undity & insight 
into ! "*1 ! cu/oms & traditions ( 8    
c\ntrym54 ,all ,ori5tal & ,african      
nations f "t immemorial h be5 notably   
extravagant1 especially 9 reg>d to      
m>riage c]emonials & fun]al rites4 ,ev5 
to ?is day among ! ,h9dus & mo/ ,african
 tribes1 x is a code ( hon\r1 a sacr$   
injunction ( _! religion1 to sp5d       
pr(usely on m>riage & burial fea/s4     
,inde$ ?is is frequ5tly done to !       
impov]i%m5t1 &1 9 ! latt] case1 ev5 to !
 ru9ation ( :ole families or h\seholds4 
,! ,arabs1 x appe>s1 7 no exception to  
?is4 ,at ! same "t !y 7 a curi\s bl5d ( 

meanness & extravagance4 ,to ,mohamm$1  
rigid economi/ z he 01 & inspir$ to !   
core by ! duty t _h be5 intru/$ to him1 
?is prodigality 0 a great s94 ,n only   
did 8 c\ntrym5 squ&] away _! sub/ance 9 
folly & luxury1 b !y 7 p>ticul>ly guilty
 ( extravagance 9 kill+ camels1 &       
di/ribut+ !m by lot m]ely out ( vanity &
 o/5tation4 ,worse ev5 ?an ?is1 !y 7    
giv5 to ! de/ruction ( _! female *ildr54
 ,aga9/ ?is evil ,mohamm$ /]nly set 8   
face4 ,?is 9 itself %[s 8 great moral   
sup]iority ov] 8 c\ntrym54 ,x %[s also !
 possession ( a high] & m ref9$ yet     
practical intellig5ce1 t 0 able to grasp
 ! economic possibilities :i* 7 b\nd to 
ensue f ! pres]vation ( female *ildr54  
,ess5tially an ,arab patri>* at he>t    
7:i* he 9 "s measure prov$ by 8         
m>riages71 ,mohamm$1 h[ev]1 0 /ill m    
ess5tially a ,humani/4 ,) ! moral       
greatness ( a good man1 & ! m5tal       
p]ception ( g5ius1 he felt & recogniz$ t
 x 0 aga9/ all ! laws ( ,god to de/roy !
 fecundity ( & ! productive 9 nature4   

,?us x 0 t he plac$ ! div9e tabu on !   
abuse & de/ruction ( all t 0 b5eficial  
to humanity1 b especially on m51 animals
 & ! produce ( ! e>?4     ,,*apt] ,,vi  
,a ,,brief ,,summ>y ,,( ,,mohamm$',s    
,,"w ,,& ,,wor?   ,tak5 z a :ole1 !     
,koran is c]ta9ly n a "w ( lit]>y art4  
,mohamm$1 9 a lit]>y s5se1 0 nei!r a    
poet nor a writ]4 ,he 01 z he says (    
himself1 only an illit]ate apo/le4 ,?is1
 f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 is ( c\rse   
regrettable4 ,9 8 "m tongue he _h a ri* 
& spl5did m$ium4 ,a language ( high     
philosophical & poetical "*1 t 8foll[s !
 m9d10 z ,burton says1 & gives bir? to  
its (fspr+3 t is free f ! 8luggage (    
p>ticles0 :i* clogs our mod]n           
tongues--leaves a my/]i\s vagu5ess      
betwe5 ! relation ( ^w to ^w1 :i*       
mat]ially assi/s ! s5tim5t1 n ! s5se ( !
 poet4 ,a language too t luxuriates 9   
8ri* & v>i$ synonyms1 illu/rat+ ! f9e/  
%ades ( mean+10 t are artfully us$--8n[ 
scatt]$ to />tle u by di/9ctness1 n[ to 
=m z x 7 a /> ab\t :i* dimly se5        

satellites revolve40 ,f9ally :i* revels 
9 a weal? ( rhyme t leaves ! poet almo/ 
unfett]$ to *oose ! desir$ or exact     
expression4 ,und\bt$ly 9 a lit]>y s5se1 
"h at h&1 0 a mighty & magnific5t       
weapon4 ,a quiv]ful ( musical arr[s1    
quiv]+ z !y wait$ = ! poetic muse--! f9e
 fr5zy1 ! see?+ imag9ation1 ! runn+     
ready fire--to laun* !m =? into ! humm+ 
haunts & he>ts ( m54 ,b 9 no s5se 0 ?is 
,m]*ant-,prophet a knight-errant4 ,k9dly
 & t5d] z he 0 t[>ds wom5 & *ildr51 he 0
 n addict$ 7z 8 c\ntrym5 77 to *ivalry 9
 any =m4 ,! race ( h]o9es ( ,al ,islam  
_h no attraction = him4 ,! 8,hawa 7or   
#8,i%k'7 uzri10 8p>donable love10 ( !   
,b$aw91 a c]ta9 species ( platonic      
affection1 did n exi/ = him4 ,he _h no  
room = su* trivialities 9 8 life4 ,x 0  
too s]i\s & pre-occupi$4 ,too mu*       
occupi$ ) ! affairs ( 8 ,ma/]1 & worldly
 bus9ess matt]s t _h to be att5d$ to4 ,s
 t he _h no "t to wa/e on su*           
pleasantries4 ,trifles t 7 z light z air
 9 contra/ to ! /]n & deadly realities (

 exi/5ce4 ,yet )\t d\bt he mu/ h att5d$ 
! annual fairs t 7 held at v>i\s places1
 at 8,zul ,mejaz10 at ,majna1 & at      
,okadh4 ,! latt]1 ,sy$ ,ame] ,ali tells 
u1 0 a place fam\s 9 ,arab tradition4 ,x
 0 ! ,olympia ( ,yem54 ,! fair held "h 9
 ! sacr$ mon? ( 8,zu'lkada10 0 a great  
national ga!r+4 ,a sort ( 8,god's truce0
 0 !n proclaim$4 ,w> & ! %$d+ ( human   
blood 0 =bidd54 ,to x came m]*ants ) _! 
w>es f all p>ts ( ,arabia & o!r di/ant  
l&s2 also ! poets & h]oes ( ! des]t4 ,^!
 7_m ( :om 7 disguis$ f ! av5g]s ( blood
 feuds 9 masks or veils7 recit$ _!      
poems1 display$ _! lit]>y tal5ts1 & sang
 ( _! glory & _! pr[ess4 ,b ,mohamm$'s  
aims & incl9ations did n lie 9 ?is      
direction4 ,he 0 too mu* ( a work+      
philosoph] to be a m]e poetic dream] or 
play actor4 ,8 g5ius lay 9 8 pr(\nd     
e>ne/ness1 8 great moral /r5g?1 8       
capacity = "w1 8 political =esight &    
acum51 8 iron w & 8 inexhau/ible        
pati5ce4 ,x is c]ta9 t he believ$ 79 !  
philosophic pr9ciple7 t 8ev]y?+ comes to

 him :o waits40 ,= he himself says3     
8,wait !re=e ! ev5t1 = ,i also w wait x 
) y40 ,obvi\sly he 0 imbu$ ) ! same     
t5acity1 & _m ( ! imp]turbable          
*>act]i/ics ( ! camel ( 8 own ,arabian  
des]ts4 ,unque/ionably he knew h[ 8to   
wait10 recogniz$ t ! ess5ce ( all human 
wisdom lies 9 ?is s+le feature1 & t !   
greate/1 ! /ronge/ & ! mo/ successful is
 he :o waits & wat*es4 ,x 0 ?us t he    
wait$ ) ! unv>y+ purpose & p]t9acity ( a
 man :o knew & appreciat$ 8 own value at
 its prop] wor?4 ,= he felt 9 e n]ve &  
fibre ( 8 consci\sness1 t z ,god makes  
no man or no ?+ 9 va91 ! future mu/ h "s
 7great7 ?+1 "s great prize1 9 res]ve = 
him4 ,we "k :at t prize 04 ,we "k also t
 x only came to him aft] a life (       
unwe>i$ toil1 & assidu\s devotion to 8  
great & noble purpose1 & !n only 9      
reality ?r\gh ! moral & spiritual       
victory :i* dea? gave him4  ,yet1 9     
spite ( its arti/ic defects1 ,mohamm$'s 
"w turn$ out1 z we "k1 into a success t 
ev5 he himself c\ld nev] h anticipat$4  

,b 9 a spiritual s5se1 judg+ m]ely by   
results1 ! ,koran has lo/ no?+ because (
 its lack ( lit]>y art & beauty4 ,_h x  
gu%$ all ov] ) ! ea/]n music ( ! ,songs 
( ,solomon1 _h x arre/$ ! att5tion by ! 
same aphori/ic wisdom ( ! ,prov]bs1     
?rill$ its read]s by ! recital ( a      
trag$y s int5sely p[]ful1 s reali/ic &  
maje/ic z ! drama ( ,job1 & appeal$ to  
!m ?r\gh ! joys1 ! sorr[s & ! gr& poetry
 ( ! ,psalms6 ,_h x1 9 fact1 sp>kl$ all 
ov] ) ^? beauties ( language & metaphor 
t di/+ui% ! ,bible1 ! result t x might h
 atta9$ c\ld sc>cely h be5 great] ?an t 
:i* x has accompli%$ )\t ^! trapp+s4 ,x 
is1 9 fact1 probable t x might h lo/4 ,x
 is j possible t :at x w\ld h ga9$ z an 
ornate "w1 x w\ld h lo/ 9 s9c]ity4 ,!   
,koran1 9 fact1 0 ess5tially ! (fspr+ ( 
,mohamm$'s own unique p]sonality4 ,?is1 
z ,i h tri$ to %[1 0 ! peculi> outcome (
 8 dual environm5t--! fr[n+1 rugg$ &    
arid aspect ( /ony m\nta9s & s&y wa/es1 
plus ! comm]cial & political in/9cts t 7
 inh]5t z well z develop$ on 8 trade    

j\rneys & at ! v>i\s t[ns & m>ts :i* he 
visit$4 ,nev]!less !re 0 9 ?is ,semitic 
,puritan1 z !re is 9 almo/ e ,arab1 a   
c]ta9 rugg$ ve9 ( poetry--! wild song ( 
fre$om--t bur/s out "h & !re4 ,b only n[
 & !n l ! ?und]/orm t is s great a r>ity
 9 ! des]t4 ,= ! gravity &              
ov]-conc5tration ( 8 ?\ghts on ! "o     
def9ite object1 oppress$ him s          
weightily1 t x left no "t = o!rs4 ,j z  
fa/ z ra9 is swall[$ up by ! p>*$ &     
?ir/y s& aft] a long spell ( dr\ght1 s 8
 s\l1 ?ir/+ z x did aft] ,god1 gulp$ &  
kept d[n ! poetry & s5tim5t at bottom ( 
him4 ,all ! same1 if a book is to be    
gaug$ by its net results--by ! effect x 
has produc$ on all t is deepe/ & be/ 9  
human nature--!n ! ,koran mu/ necess>ily
 take high rank z "o ( ! _w's greate/   
works4 ,9 mu* ! same way1 only 9 ano!r &
 m mat]ial direction1 ! ,weal? (        
,nations has also left its impress on ! 
%ap+ ( human de/9ies4  ,mohamm$'s       
s9c]ity & fixity ( purpose is a fact we 
_c get away f4 ,x is ?is :i* has *a9$ 8 

foll[]s z ) ! sure cord ( ,god to !     
,fai?4 ,islam1 9 a ^w1 is a cre$ (      
practice n !ory4 ,by practice x 0 =m$4  
,on practice x has liv$4 ,x 0 because   
,mohamm$ practis$ :at he prea*$1 t !    
small se$ ( 8 orig9al idea blossom$ at  
la/ into ! mighty 8,igdrasil0 ( !       
,ea/--! great banyan tree ( exi/5ce4    
,v]ily ?is sun-burnt son ( ,arabia      
,petra 0 a tangible reality & no des]t  
simulacrum4 ,a reality t lives 9 ! s\l (
 ,islam4 ,a reality t w endure until !  
end ( all ?+s human4 ,x is n mann]s t   
make? ! man4 ,x is man t makes ! mann]s4
 ,x is ! nature t is ar\nd him1 ! nature
 t is 9 him1 & t comes out ( him z m5tal
 & moral en]gies1 t makes ! man4 ,t[n   
br$ z he 01 x 0 ! des]t 9 all its nak$ &
 sil5t gr&eur t made ,mohamm$1 t inspir$
 him ) all ! might & maje/y ( ,god1 &   
turn$ him into a prophet4 ,yet x 0 8    
c>e] z a trad] & ! inh]5t tribal in/9ct 
t develop$ ! political elem5t 9 him4 ,z 
,longfell[ says3 8,glori\s inde$ is ! _w
 ( ,god ar\nd u2 b m glori\s is ! _w (  

,god )9 u4 ,!re lies ! l& ( song1 !re   
lies ! poet's native l&40 ,b 9          
,mohamm$'s case1 z 9 ! case ( all great 
work]s & ?9k]s1 ! _w t is ar\nd u1 is ! 
_w ( our inn] consci\sness4 ,! two are  
synonym\s if n "o4 ,only ) him ! native 
e>? 0 religion1 & he 0 ! ,prophet1 n !  
,poet ( x4 8,x is ,nature's highe/ rew>d
 to a true1 simple1 great s\l1 t he gets
 ?us to be a "p ( h]self40 ,x 0 ?us )   
,mohamm$4 ,?\ght1 ?\gh *angeable1 is    
et]nal4 ,x nev] dies4 ,s ! "o idea t    
possess$ ,mohamm$ n[ possesses 7diff]+  
only 9 m]ely sup]ficial degrees7 "s two 
hundr$ & fifty millions4  ,c>lyle is    
mi/ak51 c]ta9ly mu* too premature1 :5 he
 says3 8,ev5 9 ,arabia1 z ,i compute1   
,mahommet w h exhau/$ himself & become  
obsolete1 :ile ?is ,%akespe>e1 ?is      
,dante may /ill be "y2 :ile ?is         
,%akespe>e may /ill pret5d to be a prie/
 ( mank9d1 ( ,arabia z ( o!r places1 =  
unlimit$ p]iods to come40 ,religion is  
entirely an univ]sal matt]1 ,?\ght a "q 
( environm5t4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! _w (    

,?\ght is divid$ into two camps ( ea/ & 
we/4 ,to ! =m] belongs ,buddhism1       
,h9duism1 & ,islam2 to ! latt]          
,*ri/ianity & ! gr[+ cult (             
,rationalism4 ,x is impossible to pr$ict
 or 9 any way to =e%ad[ any fusion ( ^! 
ho/ile elem5ts4 ,! day :5 humanism--i4e4
 ! religion ( humanity1 z ! natural     
product ( h] highe/ intellectual        
ef=t--%all h fus$ & humaniz$ all !      
nations ( ! ,e>? into "o great civiliz$ 
family1 is too f> di/ant & beyond !     
pres5t scope ( human speculation4  ,if  
m5 are to be reg>d$ especially z to !   
weight & p[] ) :i* !y op]ate on ! m9ds (
 _! fell[-m51 !n ?is camel-driv+ trad]  
mu/ )\t "q be e/imat$ z a great man--a  
man a long way above 8 fell[s4 ,assur$ly
 too x is *iefly ?r\gh ! ,koran t 8     
great & ,god-l ?\ghts1 cry/alliz$ into  
great] motives & actions1 h filt]$ d[n  
?r\gh ! ev5ts & developm5ts ( ?irte5    
c5turies1 z a purify+1 f]tiliz+1 &      
elevat+ factor4  ,look+ at him & 8 "w f 
e aspect1 ,mohamm$ 0 n m]ely a h]oic    

prophet4 ,he 0 mu* m4 ,a k+ & a lead] ( 
m54 ,a rul] & a judge ov] !m4 ,if we are
 to judge ( him1 to take him = :at he is
 wor?1 by 8 "w--! ri* ripe fruit ( 8 r>e
 & /r5u\s ef=t--! ,koran on ! "o h&1 &1 
on ! o!r1 ! mighty spiritual =ce he has 
left beh9d him 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,islam1 we   
mu/ pron\nce him to h be5 a great &     
rem>kable man4 ,a man :o1 :5 8 true     
value is und]/ood & appreciat$1 w /& out
 9 hi/ory z a political & religi\s re=m]
 ( a virile & h]oic type4 ,a man :o w be
 reg>d$ 9 ev5 a great] light ?an he n[  
is1 :5 humanity %all h become less      
d5om9ational & m rationally humanit>ian4
 ,9 reality ,mohamm$ 0 an ultra great   
man4 ,! diff]5ce 7z x appe>s to me7     
betwe5 o!r great m5 & himself 0 wide4 ,!
 ord9>y type ( great man--a ,john ,knox 
= example--is a patriot ess5tially4 ,he 
is = 8 c\ntry fir/1 !n = ,god &         
humanity4 ,z ,i h %[n1 ) ,mohamm$ x 0 j 
! rev]se4 ,an ,arab by accid5t ( bir?1  
he put ,god & nature be=e ev]y?+4 ,x 0  
?is t made him a humani/2 ?is t plac$   

him be=e 8 age4 ,= ,mohamm$1 )\t a %ad[ 
( a d\bt1 0 c5turies be=e 8 age4 ,9 8   
,god concept1 9 8 rejection ( ! anci5t  
my? ( immaculate conception1 9 8 refus+ 
to ackn[l$ge ,*ri/'s div9ity1 he 0      
ess5tially a mod]n--a mod]n ( ! tw5tie? 
c5tury4 ,x 0 ?is ca?olicity !re=e t made
 ,islam blossom into a spiritual en]gy t
 embraces s _m national units4  ,mohamm$
 f\ght ) all 8 might & ma94 ,9 exact    
proportion to 8 lab\r he has prevail$4  
,prevail$ ov] ! issues ( life & dea?4   
,dea? _h no t]rors = him4 ,life alone 0 
full ( t]ror--i4e4 ( ! fe> ( ,god4 ,9   
dea? !re 0 no /+4 ,9 ! grave !re 0 no   
victory4 ,dea? b kill$ ! mortal "p (    
him4 ,! spiritual x has increas$ &      
multipli$ out ( all proportion4 ,!      
pres5t s\l ( ,islam is ! _s ( ,mohamm$4 
,only :5 ?is exhau/s itself w ,islam )] 
& die6 ,to ?is day he is1 & = _m ons to 
come he w be 9 _s1 ! rul] & judge ov]   
,islam4 ,9 spite ( sects & !ological    
speculators1 z long z ,islam la/s1 8 _s 
w cont9ue to preside ov] its de/9ies4 ,8

 _s lives 9 ! _s ( ! cre$ t he bequea!d 
z a div9e legacy to humanity--i4e4 to ^?
 sections ( x :i* h be5 nurtur$ 9 !     
sy/em & adoration ( ! ,patri>*4 ,= ?\gh 
! mat]ial "p ( him is dead1 ! spiritual 
/ill speaks ) a voice t is              
myriad-tongu$4 ,z ,god's ^w1 !re is a   
sanctity 9 ! ,koran = e ,moslem t exce$s
 ! rev]5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian = ! ,bible1 z   
mu* z ! fi]y spl5d\r ( ! sun surpasses !
 cold pale glam\r ( ! moon--:i* is b a  
%ad[1 a pale reflection ( ! sub/ance &  
reality4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 on ! "p ( !   
,moslem a v5]ation accord$ to ! ,koran t
 practically equals ! v5]ation ( !      
,african or ! ,iri% = _! l&4 ,compatible
 ) ?is1 !re is = ! ,moslem b "o         
,prophet4 ,z ,god's *os5 ag5t = !       
dissem9ation ( ,8 ^w1 ,mohamm$ /&s alone
 & alo( on a p9nacle t is humanly       
unapproa*able4 ,_m faults h be5 imput$  
to him1 _m *>ges br\ght aga9/ him4 ,to !
 av]age1 inde$ ev5 to ! educat$         
,*ri/ian1 ,mohamm$ is no?+ b ! v /range/
 comp\nd ( "r & wrong1 ( error & tru?1 !

 aboli%] ( sup]/ition accord+ to 8 own  
%[+1 yet a believ] 9 *>ms1 dreams1 om5s1
 & j9ns4 ,b :at ( all ?is8 ,does n      
reason+ su* z ?is itself prove h[ v     
inconsequ5t & inconsi/5t is man1 ev5    
?\gh he be a ,european & a ,*ri/ian8 ,is
 n sup]/ition ( ! same k9d z rife at ?is
 v mom5t 9 ,europe1 nay 9 ! v c5tres &  
/rongholds ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,:at ab\t !     
ikons1 ! *>ms1 ! amulets1 ! sacr$ relics
 & ! images ( ! ,greek & ,romi% ,*ur*es8
 ,is n ?is b a =m ( mat]ialism :i*      
itself is a phase or "p--a v l>ge "p--( 
,nature8 ,did n sup]/ition 7d]iv$ f     
8sup]10 above or beyond measure1 & 8/o10
 to /&7 orig9ally imply excess (        
scruple1 or ( c]emonial obs]vances 9    
religion8 ,did x n describe a sup]fluity
 ( wor%ip t exce$$ :at 0 ei!r enjo9$ or 
fitt+8 ,:at does ,cic]o say ( x 9 8     
treatise on ,! ,nature ( ! ,gods8 7,i   
quote f an old translation73 8,n only   
,philosoph]s1 b all our =efa!rs dydde   
ev] sep>ate sup]/ition f true religion4 
,= !y :i*e pray$ all day t !yr *ildr5   

might ov]lyve 7sup]/ites ess5t71 7 call$
 sup]/iti\s2 :i* "n aft] 0 l>g] ext5d$40
 ,is n ?is ?+ we call sup]/ition--?is   
belief 9 ! sup] or r outside natural z  
di/+ui%$ f ! vague & m]ely vulg>        
absurdities t are s common--b ! result (
 inh]5t in/9cts t humanity1 z simply "o 
=m ( natural developm5t1 d]ives direct f
 ,nature8 ,is n ?is ,naturism m or less 
develop$ 9 u all--m 9 ! ignorant1 less 9
 ! educat$1 & lea/ ( all 9 ! sci5ti/2 ! 
sceptic :o kn[s mo/1 because he has     
look$ & se>*$ m into ! tru? & reality ( 
?+s2 because he has le>nt by exp]i5ce1  
fact1 k1 !re=e a great] intellig5ce to  
discrim9ate :i* f :at & :y f :]e=e8 ,9  
any case1 does n ! fact t ,mohamm$ 0    
sup]/iti\s all ! m cle>ly prove t he 0  
no m]e vulg> design] :o practis$        
self-deception & pret5sions ) reg>d to 8
 mission1 b t he 0 ?or\ghly s9c]e 9     
believ+ himself to be ! specially       
select$ ,apo/le ( ! ,great ,design] &   
,controll] ( ! univ]se8  ,b x is n to   
,mohamm$'s faults t we mu/ look4 ,all   

great m5 are m\ld$ out ( faults4 ,x is 9
 8 virtues & greatnesses--& !y are _m--t
 we w f9d ! true man4 ,9 ?is ,c>lyle 0 a
 "r guide1 & %[$ 8 own bread? ( m9d &   
greatness4 ,^! prove ,mohamm$ to h be5  
"o ( humanity's greate/ con/ructors4 ,x 
is true t he de/roy$1 b on a small scale
 comp>atively 9 proportion to ! imm5sity
 ( 8 con/ructive lab\r4 ,z evid5ce (    
?is1 ! physical1 ! moral & ! spiritual  
weal? ( ,islam speaks 9 r\nd numb]s &   
solid realities4 ,9 ano!r ( 8 great     
romances1 ,dumas1 speak+ ( ,john ,knox1 
says3 8,he :o _h rais$ su* a /orm _h ne$
 to be1 & he 01 a ,titan2 inde$ ,john   
,knox 0 "o ( ^? m5 :om great religi\s & 
political revolutions inv>iably beget4  
,born 9 ,scotl& or ,engl& dur+ !        
,presbyt]ian ,re=mation1 !y are call$   
,john ,knox or ,oliv] ,cromwell2 born 9 
,france1 9 ! "t ( political re=m1 !y are
 call$ ,mirabeau or ,danton40 ,mohamm$  
01 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 m titanic ?an a     
,cromwell or a ,mirabeau4 ,he 0 n by    
nature or at he>t a de/roy]4 ,:5 he     

de/roy$ x 0 only because 8 h& 0 =c$ by !
 crass & ob/9ate antagonism ( ^? ^u :om 
8 s9c]ity & p]suasiv5ess _h ar\s$ an    
envi\s & deadly hatr$4 ,! :ole aim1 end 
& object ( 8 exi/5ce 0 to develop !     
adoration & religion ( ,god4 ,! /orm he 
rais$ 0 conjur$ into be+ by ! ,god t    
obsess$ him4 ,h5ce ! s\l &              
con/ructiv5ess 9 x4 ,h5ce ! mighty _s ( 
,islam1 measurable only by a s\l        
capacity :i* has nev] ceas$ to exp& &   
develop4 ,no sane man surely c d5y t    
,islam 0 & is a great "w8 ,! moral figs 
& grapes t %e has a*iev$ are n su* z    
c\ld h be5 ga!r$ f ! ?orn & ?i/le (     
human ef=t4 ,yet curi\sly en\gh1 z ,i h 
%[n1 ! environm5t 9 :i* x 0 born 0      
/rangely /]n & /]ile6 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is "o
 ( ^? natural anomalies t we w\ld d well
 to leave alone4 ,"o ( ^? p>adoxes1 ^?  
my/]ies :i* ,nature teems )1 t are      
altoge!r beyond human compreh5sion4     
,:e!r or n he _h made a /udy ( !        
,socratic precept 8 0 8"k ?yself10      
,mohamm$ knew himself z ?or\ghly z x is 

possible = a man to d4 ,e>ly 9 life he  
took 8 own measure4 ,gaug$ 8 own /r5g? &
 weakness4 ,e/imat$ ! bread?1 ! l5g?1 & 
! dep? to :i* he c\ld g4 ,z a result (  
?is moral e/imate1 he felt t 8 res\rces 
)\t ,god 7 z sl5d] z a brok5 re$ buffet$
 by /orm w9ds4 ,he knew t 8 real /r5g?  
lay 9 ! k & p[] ( ,god & ( ,nature4 ,!  
temp]am5t & "* ( ! ,psalmi/--he :o look$
 on ,god z ! /rong t[] & rock ( 8       
def5ce1 8 refuge1 n h[ev] 9 "t ( tr\ble 
alone1 b at all times--0 /rongly        
develop$ 9 him4 ,! g5ius ( ! :ole       
,semitic race 0 c5tr$ 9 ,mohamm$4 ,x 0  
?is1 am\nt+ z x does to ! sublime/      
ego!ism1 t gave him confid5ce1 !n       
conviction4 ,x 0 ?is righte\s conviction
 t c>ri$ him z x 7 on ! w+s ( !         
w9d--immortal brea? & s\l1 z he pictur$ 
x--( ! liv+ & et]nal ,god4 ,?r\gh ?is   
feel+ he conv]t$ ! innate fe> & v5]ation
 t inspir$ him into ! h& & p[] ( !      
,almighty4 ,if g5ius implies a ke5      
psy*ological insight into ! nature &    
inn] consci\sness ( life's issues1 add$ 

to inexhau/ible en]gy1 capacity = "w &  
pati5ce1 !n ,mohamm$ 0 a g5ius4         
,c]ta9ly1 if we accept ,buffon's        
def9ition ( g5ius1 z1 8b a great]       
aptitude = p]sev]ance10 he 0 )\t d\bt a 
g5ius ( ! highe/ degree4 ,! f\nd] ( a   
fai?--"o ( ! greate/ ! _w has           
produc$--spiritual comm&] ( ! fai?ful1 8
 g5ius 0 ess5tially moral & religi\s4 ,8
 :ole life 0 "o long lab\r ( love &     
devotion to a*ieve 8 object1 i4e4 to    
proclaim ,god to ! nations ( ! e>?3 !   
fir/ half ( x pass$ 9 secul> "w b 9     
sil5t contemplation2 ! second half1     
itself divisible into two p]iods1 twelve
 ye>s ( p]suasion1 foll[$ to ! close by 
active aggression & battle4  ,impulsive1
 passionate1 & spontane\s ,mohamm$ may h
 be51 = l all great lead]s he 0 _m-sid$4
 ,b 9 no s5se ( ! ^w c ,islam be said to
 h be5 ! outcome ( spontaneity4 ,on !   
contr>y1 x 0 9 e way ! result ( calm &  
delib]ate reflection1 ( long & cont9u\s 
contact ) ! =ces & ph5om5a ( ,nature2 b 
above all ( an unceas+ conc5tration &   

communion ) ! unse5 p[] t controls !m4  
,/ret*+ ov] "s tw5ty ye>s1 x w5t on     
un9t]rupt$ by dome/ic c>es or trade     
transactions4 ,all ^! 7 second>y matt]s 
& _h to give way to ! c5tral idea t     
occupi$ 8 :ole m9d1 t revolv$ ar\nd 8 "w
 & 8 ?\ghts1 z ! e>? gyrates ab\t ! sun4
 ,8 c5tre ( gravity 0 ,god4 ,?is gravity
 =m$ 8 "*1 gave him c\rage & endurance 9
 all 8 trials & afflictions1 c\nsell$ & 
guid$ him 9 8 ord9>y vocations4 ,x 0 ?is
 gravity & conc5tration t comm&$ !      
respect & tru/ ( all :o knew him & came 
"u 8 magnetic influ5ce4  ,b ,mohamm$ 0 n
 infallible4 ,dogma--ev]y?+ human 9     
fact--is op5 & liable to error4 ,ev5    
infallibility itself--z we speak ( x--is
 fallible4 ,z ,drap] s aptly rem>ks3    
8,he :o is infallible1 mu/ ne$s be      
immutable40 ,9 _m ( ! ord9>y ways ( life
 he 0 no d\bt *angeable & inconsi/5t4   
,he 01 aft] all1 only human--b n ) reg>d
 to ! ,fai?4 ,"h 0 he z firm z a rock1 &
 %[$ a fixity ( purpose t no?+ c\ld %ake
 or alt]4 ,) him1 8,life 0 b a means to 

an end1 t end1 beg9n+1 mean & end to all
 ?+s--,god40 ,only syn*ron\s ) ?is rul+ 
pr9ciple 0 ! idea ( national unity4     
,nev] once did he falt] or sw]ve f x4   
,to ?is allegiance & fidelity ( 8 to    
,god & c5tralization x is possible to   
trace ! devotion ( ,moslems to _! ,fai?4
 8,we are1 z we (t5 say1 ! creatures (  
circum/ances4 ,9 t expression !re is a  
high] philosophy ?an might at fir/ sight
 appe>4 ,our actions are n ! pure &     
unm+l$ results ( our desires4 ,!y are ! 
(fspr+ ( _m v>i\s & mix$ conditions4 ,9 
t :i* seems to be ! mo/ volunt>y        
decision1 !re ent]s mu* t is altoge!r   
involunt>y--m p]haps ?an we g5]ally     
suppose40 ,?is 0 v mu* ! case )         
,mohamm$4 ,he 0 l>gely ! creature (     
circum/ances--! p]sonification ( 8      
environm5t4 ,x 0 ! g5ius ( ?is t ent]$  
into & obsess$ him4 ,t =m$ & sway$ him z
 x will$4 ,t made him z /rong &         
inflexible z itself4 ,t1 comb9+ ) !     
comm]cial k & exp]i5ce he possess$ & !  
political acum5 he acquir$1 made him :at

 he 04 ,"h 9 a t9y nut%ell lies ! k]nel 
& orig9 ( ! s\l ( ,islam4 ,! possibility
 t ,mohamm$ 0 r ( ,caucasian ?an        
,i%maeliti% desc5t1 9 reality makes     
little if any diff]5ce 9 ! psy*ological 
analysis ( 8 "*4 ,fundam5tally1 human   
nature is human nature all ! _w ov]4 ,9 
?is respect racial & col\r di/9ctions   
make no diff]5ce4 ,ev5 moral & physical 
*>act]i/ics are m]ely sup]ficial        
classifications4 ,inh]5t t5d5cies1 /rong
 & root$ z !y are1 may be am5d$ or      
modifi$ by environm5t4 ,s t al?\gh x is 
vaguely possible t 8 moral c\rage & o!r 
m5tal features 7 ( ,caucasian orig91 9 !
 ma9 he 0 ess5tially ,semitic 9 "*1     
patri>*al 9 pr9ciple1 & humani/ic 9 _s4 
,9 ,lecky's op9ion3 8,if we take a broad
 view ( ! c\rse ( hi/ory & exam9e !     
relations ( great bodies ( m51 we f9d t 
religion & patriotism are ! *ief moral  
influ5ces to :i* !y h be5 subject1 & t !
 sep>ate modification & mutual          
int]action ( ^! two ag5ts may almo/ be  
said to con/itute ! moral hi/ory (      

mank9d40 ,?is mo/ c]ta9ly has be5 ! case
 ) reg>d to ,islam4 ,religion 0 ! m$ium 
*os5 by ,mohamm$ = ! fur!rance ( 8 truly
 imp]ial design4 ,x 0 entirely ?r\gh    
religion1 or r ! int]pretation he plac$ 
^u x1 t he built up fir/ ( all a natural
 patriotism1 !n an int]national _s1 t   
exp&$ into ! mighty cre$ ( ,islam4      
,prior to ?is1 ,arabia z he f\nd x 0    
n>r[ to an extreme4 ,! only             
patriotism--if patriotism x c be        
call$--0 clanni% & communal4 ,outside ^!
 /ilt$ limits1 e "o 0 reg>d$ )          
suspicion1 contempt1 indiff]5ce1 &      
inv>iably ) undisguis$ ho/ility4 ,yet ! 
great & solid f\ndation ( ?is spl5did   
spiritual & temporal empire 0 laid by "o
 man4 ,b h[ great & h[ h]oic6 ,inde$1   
8take him all 9 all1 ! hi/ory ( humanity
 has se5 few m e>ne/1 noble & s9c]e     
#8prophets1' m5 irresi/ibly impell$ by  
an inn] p[] to admoni% & to tea*1 & to  
utt] au/]e & sublime tru?s1 ! full      
purport ( :i* is (t5 unkn[n to          
!mselves40     ,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,moslem  

,,morality ,,& ,,*ri/5dom',s ,,attitude 
,,t[>ds ,,islam   ,! bett] to gauge !   
pres5t political aspect ( ! ,moslem _w1 
! /atesm5 ( ,europe--( ,france & ,great 
,brita9 m p>ticul>ly--%\ld make an e>ne/
 /udy ( ! _s ( ,islam4 ,if we reg>d     
,islam z ! "w ( ,mohamm$--z we are b\nd 
to--!re are c]ta9 broad features we mu/ 
also recognize4 ,"r away f its v        
inception he work$ n only z a prophet1 b
 z a political re=m]4 ,travell+ z he did
 ) 8 eyes1 e>s & all 8 s5ses op51 !     
political /ate ( ! ea/]n portion (      
,europe & ! we/]n side ( ,asia mu/ h be5
 well kn[n to him4 ,to accompli% 8      
religi\s ends 0 impossible )\t !        
political unity ( ,arabia4 ,to him !    
political & religi\s unity ( 8 c\ntry 7 
synonym\s4 ,z a %rewd & practical trad]1
 ! mat]ial advantages ( comm]ce 7 tak5  
into consid]ation4 ,he recogniz$ t )\t a
 s\nd comm]cial basis & political unity 
!re c\ld be no national /ability4 ,he   
also saw t 9 a c\ntry l ,arabia1 split  
up into clans & communities1 x 0 only   

possible to effect ?is ?r\gh ! spiritual
 pot5tialities ( ! "o & only true ,god4 
,if he did n himself accompli% ?is great
 project1 we "k at lea/ t x 0 !         
magnific5t legacy he bequea!d to 8      
foll[]s 9 ! _s ( ,islam1 t ev5tually did
 s 9 reality4 ,he or ! _s he evok$ 0    
cle>ly & unmi/akably ! cause ( all      
subsequ5t ,moslem triumphs1 intellectual
 & political z well z religi\s4 ,?us x 0
 t sc>cely eighty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1     
,islam reign$ supreme ov] ,arabia1      
,syria1 ,p]sia1 all ! nor!rn coa/ (     
,africa1 includ+ ,egypt1 z well z ,spa94
 ,s1 too1 not)/&+ ! int]nal s*isms &    
rifts t subsequ5tly took place1 x kept  
on gr[+ ) great /rides1 until at la/ 9  
#adec1 ! ,cresc5t gleam$ f ! spires (   
,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople1 & !       
s\l-/irr+ w> cry 8,la ilah illa ,allah0 
res\nd$ sev5ty-six ye>s aft]w>ds be=e ! 
v gates ( ,vi5na4 ,lecky is und\bt$ly "r
 9 assum+ t3 8,to trace 9 e great       
movem5t ! "p :i* belongs to ! individual
 & ! "p :i* belongs to g5]al causes )\t 

exagg]at+ ei!r side is "o ( ! mo/       
difficult tasks ( ! hi/orian40 ,b 9 !   
case ( ,islam !re c be no mi/ake4 ,true1
 ! ,arabs 9 !mselves 7 a great & virile 
p4 ,b x 0 ! g5ius ( ,mohamm$1 ! _s he   
brea!d into !m ?r\gh ! s\l ( ,islam1 t  
exalt$ !m4 ,t rais$ !m out ( ! le?>gy & 
l[ level ( tribal /agnation1 up to !    
high wat] m>k ( national unity &        
,empire4 ,x 0 9 ! sublimity ( ,mohamm$'s
 deism1 ! simplicity1 ! sobriety &      
purity x inculcat$1 ! fidelity ( its    
f\nd] to 8 own t5ets1 t act$ on _! moral
 & intellectual fibre ) all ! magnetism 
( true inspiration4 ,to !m ,islam 0 !   
,fai?--! ,fai? ,god4  ,j z ,*ri/ianity  
/&s = ! fai? ( ! great ,european family 
( nations1 ,islam /&s = ^? c\ntries ^:  
political in/itutions are /ill bas$ on !
 ,patri>*al sy/em4 ,b ,europe--h[ev]    
sup]ior h] peoples may ?9k !mselves--is 
n 9 ! position1 & c]ta9ly _c af=d1 to   
look d[n ^u ,islam z an inf]ior product 
( an inf]ior section ( ! great human    
family4 ,ea/ may be ,ea/1 & ,we/1       

,we/--! sy/em ( "o repres5t$ by         
polygamy1 ( ! o!r by monogamy4 ,b       
because ,*ri/ianity is con=mable to     
,european ideals & notions1 x does n 9 !
 lea/ foll[ t x is compatible ) ^? ( !  
,ea/4 ,because ! civiliz$ net result x  
has effect$ has ev5tually prov$ great]  
?an t a*iev$ by ,islam1 is no evid5ce   
:atev] ( ,islam's wor?lessness or       
decad5ce4 ,x is n ! _s ( ,islam t has   
fail$1 b ! p :o believe 9 x4 ,!y h fall5
 away f ! high ideal t 0 set !m by _!   
ma/]4 ,9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 ,*ri/ianity
 has also deg5]at$4 ,x is a cre$ (      
pr(ession m ?an ( practice4 ,x has nev] 
consi/5tly practis$ :at x has prea*$4 ,a
 v wide gulf divides its practices f its
 ideals4 8,if to d 7 z easy z to "k :at 
7 good to d1 *apels _h be5 *ur*es & poor
 m5's cottages pr9ces' palaces4 ,x is a 
good div9e t foll[s 8 own in/ructions3  
,i c easi] tea* tw5ty :at 7 good to be  
done1 ?an be "o ( ! tw5ty to foll[ m9e  
own tea*+40 ,s ,%akespe>e4 ,?is holds z 
good n[ z :5 he wrote x4 ,human nature  

nev] alt]s fundam5tally4 ,x is ! same   
to-day z x 0 ye/]day1 & z x w be unto   
all et]nity4 ,*ri/5dom mu* m s ?an      
,islam1 is split up into sects &        
d5om9ations1 & !re c be no "q ab\t x t !
 *ief ob/acle to unity among ^! v>i\s   
bodies at ! pres5t mom5t is want (      
s9c]ity & e>ne/ness6  ,comp>$ ) ! av]age
 ,moslem1 ! av]age ,*ri/ian too is      
c]ta9ly lukew>m4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to    
,moslem p]f]vidness is 9 ! piety ( !    
,iri% ,ca?olics4 ,b devotional z !y are1
 ev5 ?is falls f> %ort ( ! rigid        
practice ( ! true ,moslem4 ,n only1     
h[ev]1 is he f]vid & 9 d[nright e>ne/1 b
 he is above all con/ant1 fai?ful1 &    
consi/5t to ! pr9ciples ( 8 cre$4 ,?us1 
al?\gh !re is no fa!rhood ab\t ,allah1  
!re is = all t a true & real bro!rhood 9
 ,islam :i* contra/s v fav\rably ) !    
pr(ess$ bro!rhood ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,col\r or
 race1 = in/ance1 makes no diff]5ce to  
x4 ,islam1 9 fact1 is above all su*     
petty diff]5ces4 ,%e draws no h>d & fa/ 
rules1 has no su* viol5t antipa?ies1    

bigotries & prejudices z ,*ri/5dom4     
,pr(esses little b practises mu*4 ,col\r
 9 h] eyes is no disgrace1 no b> to     
,god1 mu* less !re=e to human fell[%ip &
 assimilation4 ,?is1 z we "k1 is n !    
case ) ,*ri/ians4 ,to !m col\r & race 7z
 witness 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica7 is
 an impassable b>ri]1 t is m            
insurm\ntable ev5 ?an ! great wall (    
,*9a1 ov] :i* !y f9d x impossible to    
/ep4  ,!re are 9 nature1 z ,novalis     
endeav\rs to expla9 9 8 philosophical   
romances1 _m realities & v]ities1 ! tru?
 or ess5ce ( :i* _c be grasp$ by ! cold 
& critical intellect ( man4 ,only by &  
?r\gh ! sympa!tic intuition ( feel+ c   
tru?s su* z ^! be kn[n or und]/ood4 ,?is
 is inde$ s4 ,no matt] h[ h>d & mat]ial 
we may be1 h[ev] ?or\ghly sci5tific2 no 
matt] h[ high we may place reason--ev5  
on ! highe/ p9nacle ( human atta9m5t1   
!re are times :5 ! emotions ov]p[] &    
dom9ate x4 ,!re are times :5 reason1 ev5
 9 its calme/ & mo/ calculat+ mom5ts1 is
 simply inundat$ & ov]:elm$ by !        

flood-tide ( human feel+s4 ,9 any case x
 is cle> t al?\gh 9 ! ab/ract x is      
impossible to deta* or ev5 insulate     
?\ght f feel+ & feel+ f volition1 ^!    
?ree--feel+1 ?\ght & w--act1 & (t5      
co-op]ate toge!r1 9 e m5tal causation4  
,b x is j z difficult = a sy/em to free 
itself f its own peculi> idiosyncrasies 
& prejudices z x is = an individual to  
dissociate himself f 8 motives4 ,x is   
exactly ! same ) reg>d to ,islam &      
,*ri/5dom4 ,! latt] has all[$ its       
prejudices & its feel+s to oblit]ate or 
to /ultify its reason4 ,x does n "k1 x  
does n und]/& ,islam4 ,m]ely because x  
does n want or makes no ef=t to "k or to
 und]/& x4 ,because x has no sympa?y )  
x4 ,because 9 place ( sympa?y x is 9    
reality antipa!tic4 ,yet :ile pr(ess+   
tol]ation1 ,*ri/5dom does n hesitate to 
despise & condemn ,islam4 ,to ,*ri/5dom1
 ,islam is a m]e cre$ & ab/raction--a   
cre$ beyond & outside its cold &        
autocratic pale4 ,a cre$ belong+ to     
ano!r _w & heav5 ?an its own4 ,a cre$ ( 

col\r & ( sombre %ades1 nay ev5 ( gloom 
& d>kness1 blood1 fire & sword1 :5 !    
cresc5t & gre5 flag ( ! ,jihad is hoi/$2
 a cre$ :i* is n to be ?\ght ( 9 ! same 
brea? z ! sn[-:ite fabric ( ! transc5d5t
 cross4  ,! fact ( ! matt] is1 t        
,*ri/5dom 9 ! e>li] days ( ,islam1      
jeal\s & fe>ful ( h] y\ng] & m vigor\s  
rival1 always recoil$ f ,islam "u ! veil
 ( a self-satisfi$ cant1 z f a mon/r\s  
mon/rosity ( ! mo/ vici\s & immoral     
type4 ,a =m ( 8,molo* horridus10 bri/l+ 
all ov] ) polygam\s excresc5ces1 & cruel
 %>p-po9t$ sp9es1 ev] ready to ?ru/ _!  
awful v5om into ! un(f5d+ human species4
 ,yet if only ,*ri/5dom _h long ago     
cultivat$ ! virtue ( pati5ce1 & ! bread?
 & dep? ( m9d1 to look into ! matt]1 %e 
w\ld h discov]$--z ^? sceptics :o h done
 s h discov]$--! pure & unadult]at$     
tru?4 ,%e w\ld h f\nd1 t z ! ,molo*     
horridus ( ,au/ralia conceals an        
in(f5sive "* "u a weird if repulsive    
ext]ior2 s ,islam1 "u an outw>d =m :i*  
bigotry & prejudice h exagg]at$ out (   

all %ape1 possesses a moral & spiritual 
value beyond all cavil or "q4 ,islam no 
d\bt has its faults & _m ( !m4 ,!       
position ( wom5 is n p]haps z x %\ld be4
 ,! law & ! practice ( divorce is a real
 blot on h] sy/em4 ,education is at a l[
 ebb4 ,! cu/om ( ! sep>ation ( sexes1 ( 
:i* polygamy & divorce are ! necess>y   
outcome1 are und\bt$ly p]nici\s4 ,x _c1 
( c\rse1 be expect$ t "y m5 & wom5 :o h 
nev] met or associat$1 & ^: m>riages are
 arrang$ = !m1 c h any exalt$ ideas or  
feel+s on ! subject ( love4 ,x is n     
possible t "y m5 :o h nev] felt ! ref9+ 
influ5ce & ! moral re/ra9t ( female     
society1 c possess ei!r *ivalry or a    
high ideal1 ) reg>d to an elem5t unique 
9 itself4 ,nev]!less1 contr>y to receiv$
 ,european op9ion1 !re exi/s = all t a v
 real & he>ty affection & a w>m sympa?y 
betwe5 ,moslem husb&s & wives4 ,:at is  
m1 ?is affection & sympa?y w possibly   
contra/ q fav\rably ) ! family devotion 
( mo/ ,european c\ntries4  ,) reg>d to  
wom51 h[ev]1 ! social sy/em1 x mu/ be   

admitt$1 is less successful4 ,x leaves  
room = improvem5t4 ,! in/itution (      
female slav]y is di/9ctly a blot4 ,! lot
 ( ! ,moslem girl morally & socially is 
n s mu* unhappy z neglect$4 ,h] ord9>y  
education is practically negative2 !    
religi\s "p ( x is reg>d$ z sup]flu\s4  
,b x is a popul> fallacy1 z ,i h already
 po9t$ out1 to attribute to ,islam !    
doctr9e t wom5 h no s\ls4 ,un=tunately1 
h[ev]1 ! idea prevails g5]ally ?r\gh\t  
,europe t ^! preci\s possessions are    
ignor$ by mod]n cu/om3 t ! fair sex is n
 enc\rag$ to pray ei!r 9 private or 9   
public4 ,x is believ$1 too1 t ! vigor\s 
ritual prescrib$ = ! male memb]s is     
consid]$ suffici5t = bo?4 ,s t ,moslem  
wom5 by ignor+ ! "o neglect ! o!r1 )    
consequ5ces t are morally & physically  
disa/r\s4 ,b ^! are n by any means !    
real facts ( ! case4 ,p]sonally1 (      
c\rse1 ,i _c speak ( su* matt]s f       
exp]i5ce4 ,isolat$ & seclud$ z ! wom5 ( 
,islam are1 & _! privacy s rigor\sly    
gu>d$ by a r+ f5ce ( /r+5t rules1 x is n

 possible = ! ,european to give an      
adequate op9ion !reon4 ,b accord+ to !  
reliable au?ority ( s em95t a ,moslem z 
,sy$ ,ame] ,ali1 & o!rs1 ! wom5 among   
civiliz$ ,moslem communities "k _!      
pray]s & religi\s duties j z well z !   
m5--& are dev\t & pi\s--m s p]haps ?an !
 o!r sex4 ,z to _! cleanl9ess1 x is     
beyond "q4 ,yet 9 spite ( s _m          
ob/acles--no education1 seclusion1 & a  
g5]ally defective tra9+--! wom5 are n   
unhappy4 ,!y are on ! :ole z fully      
occupi$ 79 _! own way ( c\rse7 & z well 
c>$ = z ! wom5 ( ,europe4  ,! fact ( !  
matt] is1 ,islam is suff]+ f m5tal      
/agnation1 f ! inevitable reaction t    
always succe$s a long p]iod ( active    
developm5t4 ,! ,arabs1 9 a ^w1 h _h _!  
day4 ,) reg>d to education g5]ally1 !   
tea*+ is ( a /]eotyp$ patt]n4 ,!re is no
 fre%ness or orig9ality ab\t x4 ,moslem 
/udies h1 9 fact1 lo/ all or mo/ ( _!   
vitality4 8,! bloom ( ,arab culture has 
long be5 bru%$ away1 & !re n[ rema9s    
only a holl[ k]nel40 ,b x is aft] all by

 h] virtues & n h] defects t we mu/     
appraise ! true value ( ,islam4 ,mo/    
unque/ionably %e has great & r$eem+     
features4 ,! ?r[+ ( /ones or ( mud is at
 be/ an injudici\s proce$+4 ,ap>t f ?is 
x is undignifi$ & unwor?y ( s high a    
civilization4 ,x is n = ,*ri/5dom to ?r[
 /ones any m ?an x is = ,islam4 ,inde$1 
9 ?is respect1 ,europe c\ld well take a 
leaf out ( ! book ( ,moslem self-re/ra9t
 & dignity4 ,moslem society1 too1 may   
comp>e v fav\rably ) ,european4 ,tak5 9 
! mass1 ! polygam\s ,moslem is e :it z  
moral--m s 9 fact--?an 8 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1
 or ,g]man contempor>y4 ,9 a great      
measure polygamy is mu* m a !oretical   
?an a practical in/itution4 ,n "o 9     
tw5ty ,moslems has ev5 two wives4 ,9 any
 case x is n 9 ! prop] & legitimate     
practice ( polygamy1 b 9 ! abuse ( x1 t 
! evil lies4 ,on ! :ole !re is no       
promiscu\s immorality among ! foll[]s ( 
,islam4 ,drunk5ness & pro/itution are   
practically non-exi/5t4 ,9 t[ns :]e     
,europeans h made !m a necessity1 !y are

 always worse4 ,ab/95ce & sobriety are n
 only pr(ess$ b practis$4 ,9 ^! respects
 ! "y ,moslem c]ta9ly /&s above 8       
contempor>y 9 ,europe4 ,m>ry+ e>ly z he 
does1 he kn[s no?+ ( 8! wild oats0 t are
 s promiscu\sly & s religi\sly s[n by ! 
y\? ( ,europe4 ,he s[s no rank or       
noisome we$s = 8 *ildr5's *ildr5 to reap
 a gruesome h>ve/4 ,z f>1 !re=e1 z !    
male sex are conc]n$1 ! social sy/em (  
,islam is c]ta9ly m moral & :olesome ?an
 t ( ,*ri/5dom4  ,! cult ( ,mormonism1 z
 x has exi/$ & /ill exi/s 9 ,utah ,/ate 
& ,salt ,lake ,city1 is a problem t %\ld
 set all /atesm5 ?9k+6 ,z a psy*ological
 conundrum & f a rational /&po9t1 x is a
 mo/ int]e/+ "q4 ,x confronts u ) a dual
 anomaly6 ,fir/ ( all by ! en=cem5t ( a 
sociological sy/em 9 di/9ct opposition  
to1 & 9 defiance ( all e?nic conditions4
 ,to make ! anomaly all ! great]1 !     
religi\s "p ( ?is cult is f\nd$ on a    
palpable %am4 ,!re is n ev5 ab\t x !    
possibility ( reality t always exi/s at 
! back ( _m anci5t my?s4  ,! s-call$    

revelation ( ,joseph ,smi?1 is ! clumsy 
impo/ure ( a man :o 9 no s5se ( ! ^w 0  
ei!r great or s9c]e4 ,x is unque/ionably
 ! "w ( "o or m p]sons :o initiat$ !    
movem5t 9 _! own self-int]e/s1 & to     
cloak pr9ciples t 7 at complete v>iance 
) ,*ri/ian doctr9e & ,european op9ion4  
,mohamm$1 z we "k1 did n receive any    
revelation 8on ! et]nity ( ! m>riage    
cov5ant1 or ! plurality ( wives40 ,?is1 
accord+ to ,mormon /atem5t1 0 res]v$ =  
,joseph ,smi? alone4 ,z a great /atesman
 & prophet1 ,mohamm$ recogniz$ polygamy 
to be an e?nic condition1 !re=e wisely  
did n int]f]e ) x4 ,any radical         
innovation 9 ?is direction w\ld h be5 m 
?an a political error4 ,z a revolution>y
 measure1 x w\ld h completely upset !   
entire fabric ( ,arabian & ,ea/]n       
society4 ,a p&emoniac topsy-turveydom   
w\ld h be5 ! imm$iate consequ5ce4 ,!    
dea?-knell ( ,islam1 ! direct result4   
,yet ! v p]sonal god ( ,joseph ,smi? 0 s
 v %ort-sight$ or pa9/ak+ t he sanction$
 absolutely a m]e matt] ( dome/ic       

arrangem5t & economy4 ,c\ld any two     
extremes pres5t a wid] & m /rik+        
contra/8 ,is x possible ev5 to comp>e ! 
spl5did s9c]ity ( ?is sublime cre$ (    
self-surr5d] to ,god--! s\l ( :i* came  
direct f all t is great 9 nature--) ! ?9
 transp>5cy ( :at at be/ 0 a poor       
attempt at fiction1 :i* emanat$ f !     
m5tality ( a human m$iocrity8 ,is x     
ju/ifiable to m5tion !m 9 ! same brea?8 
,yet 9 spite ( ^! />tl+ contradictions1 
x is q c]ta9 t ! ,mormon ,/ate1 9 an    
economic s5se1 is a prosp]\s1 fl\ri%+ & 
?riv+ community4 ,its p too are ord]ly1 
well-behav$1 law-abid+ & indu/ri\s4 ,f a
 moral & social /&po9t1 !re is no fault 
to f9d ) !m4 ,! anti-polygamic          
legislation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1
 al?\gh x has rec5tly be5 en=c$ ) mu*   
great] sev]ity ?an at fir/1 has n /amp$ 
out polygamy4 ,does ?is or does ?is n   
demon/rate t polygamy--:i* 9 ! eyes (   
,*ri/5dom con/itutes "o ( ! *ief (f5ces 
( ,islam--is n ! crime x is repres5t$ to
 be8 ,is x1 9 fact1 a crime at all8     

,does x n prove t only ! abuse ( x1 z ! 
abuse ( any1 ev5 a good ?+1 is wrong8 ,b
 t ! actual sy/em itself z an e?nic     
condition peculi> to c]ta9 racial       
sections ( mank9d1 is no?+ b ! outcome  
or evolution ( sociologic cu/oms &      
usages8  ,to cont5d z all ! ,mu'tazilite
 doctors d t ,islam is n a polygam\s    
sy/em because x only tol]ates a limit$  
polygamy "u /r+5t conditions :i* t5ds to
 monogamy is b a metaphysical quibble4  
,x is b an attempt to split a hair4 ,x  
does n alt] ! fact t :5 a sy/em p]mits m
 ?an "o wife1 & its f\nd] sanction$ f\r1
 x is c]ta9ly n monogam\s4 ,su* an      
argum5t w n hold wat] = ev5 a mom5t4 ,x 
is b a m]e cont5tion--8a bone10 z !     
,p]sian prov]b says1 8?r[n to two dogs10
 a palpable piece ( sophi/ry4 ,x is b ! 
begg+ ( an obvi\s fact1 a reality t c   
nei!r be avoid$ nor elud$4 ,z ,burns s v
 happily puts x3      8,b facts are     
*eels t w9na d+     ,an d[na be         
disput$40  ,f !ories su* z ?is1 ,islam c
 d]ive no b5efit4 ,j z 9 a broad s5se %e

 c suff] no disp>agem5t f ! fact t %e   
c\nt5ances polygamy1 %e c af=d to       
disp5se ) any su* apologies4 ,x is      
always a s\nd] pr9ciple to look tru? 9 !
 face1 ev5 if t tru? is unpalatable4    
,h[ev] mu* civilization or ! m>* &      
progress ( ev5ts may ultimately modify  
polygamy1 ! actual cu/om itself 0 b an  
outcome ( circum/ances & conditions t at
 ! "t 7 inevitable & did n 7z !y d n n[7
 imply a crime aga9/ or subv]sion (     
natural laws4 ,to /igmatize a sy/em t "t
 & usage h sanctifi$ = ?\s&s ( ye>s1    
m]ely because x (f5ds ! easily outrag$  
feel+s ( a sup]-s5sitive ,*ri/5dom1 or  
ev5 on o!r gr\nds1 is1 to say ! lea/ (  
x1 undignifi$4 ,to impute a crime to !  
?+ itself is almo/1 b n q1 on a p> ) !  
!ology t pron\nces a *ild to be !       
product ( a s9ful act4 ,if ! cause is   
s9ful1 ! effect mu/ also be s9ful8 ,su* 
a !ory is c]ta9ly unnatural1 if n       
mon/r\s6 ,x is a p]v]sion ( t ,nature f 
:i* we ourselves h evolv$1 & ( t ,god or
 ,fir/ ,cause f :i* all causes & effects

 h proce$$4  ,reg>d+ ?is "q f ! broade/ 
( /&po9ts1 !re is no ne$ ( an apology4  
,cont5tion su* z t ( ! ,mu'tazilite     
doctors1 ca/s too mu* ( a reflection--an
 insult almo/--on ! great _s & ! spl5did
 traditions ( ,islam4 ,x is altoge!r    
unwor?y ( h]4 ,! fact ( a polygam\s     
sy/em did n 9 "o :it detract f ! spl5d\r
 ( ! empire t 0 built ^u ,mohamm$'s     
virile cre$1 al?\gh ! subsequ5t abuse ( 
x may possibly h done s6 ,ev5 admitt+ t 
monogamy is an improvem5t on polygamy1 !
 ,*ri/ian ,fai? 0 yet "y :5 ,mohamm$    
fir/ f\nd$ ,islam4 ,?irte5 hundr$ ye>s  
make a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! aspect ( social 
progress & developm5t4 ,& z ,i h already
 po9t$ out1 ev5 ,mohamm$1 ) all 8 great 
p[] & influ5ce1 d>$ n h upset !         
corn]-/one ^u :i* ! entire social fabric
 ( ! ,patri>*al sy/em 0 bas$4 ,h[ev]    
great he 0 z a ,prophet1 he 0 mu* too   
great a /atesman to h ev5 sp5t a ?\ght  
on an innovation s />tl+ly radical &    
revolution>y4  ,b ,*ri/5dom 9 ! mass has
 nev] rationally consid]$ ?is "q f a    

broad-m9d$ & lib]al aspect6 ,! attitude 
( its mission>ies t[>ds ! great ,moslem 
,*ur* is1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 uncall$ = &
 unju/ifiable4 ,_! irrational arrogance 
& aggressiv5ess is only exce$$ by _!    
psy*ological ignorance ( ,islamic _s &  
morality1 add$ to an ov]we5+ egotism1   
bl9d bigotry & n>r[ sect>ian prejudices4
 ,9 a dual s5se _! attitude is (f5sive 9
 ! extreme4 ,(f5sive because x is ho/ile
 z well z imp]t95t4 ,to attempt !       
conv]sion ( ,islam is a lib]ty t am\nts 
to lic5ce 9 face ( its utt] futility4   
,?is 9 itself demon/rates an ignorance (
 e?nic conditions on ! "p ( ,european   
/atesm5 & mission>ies t is z amaz+ &    
prepo/]\s z x is deplorable4 ,s1 too1 to
 d5\nce ,islam1 z ,*ri/ian mission>ies d
 9 no unmeasur$ t]ms1 9 books1 on       
plat=ms & 9 ! pulpit1 is surely         
unp>donable--surely a reflection on     
civilization4 ,*ri/ianity w nev] conv]t 
or supplant ,islam4 ,z long z ! "o la/s 
! o!r w endure4 ,f ! mo/ ca?olic (      
/&po9ts1 f a religi\s1 a social1 a      

political1 & an economic s5se1 x w\ld be
 s\nd] & m politic to leave ,islam      
alone4 ,x w\ld be m to ! po9t if        
,*ri/ian mission>ies devot$ _! en]gies  
to ! bottom dogs ( ! slums ( _! own     
,european cities1 & to rescue ! poor    
helpless infants :o 9 _! ?\s&s are be+  
sl[ly done to dea? ?r\gh vice & crime t 
is worse ?an be/ial4 ,unque/ionably !re 
is 9 our own ,european sy/em a moral    
canc] t is j z virul5t z any t ,islam c 
produce4 ,?is inde$ is a "q t ,european 
/atesm5 %\ld turn _! att5tion to4 ,= m  
?an any?+1 x is ?is onslaught on !      
/rongholds ( ,islam by ,*ri/5dom1 t     
expla9s ! ,moslem m5ace4 ,! "o1 if x    
exi/s1 is b a c\nt]bla/ to ! o!r4  ,x is
 an indisputable fact t 9 ,*9a & 9 v>i\s
 p>ts ( ! _w1 ! high-h&$ int]f]5ce &    
injudici\s zeal ( ,*ri/ian              
mission>ies--outrunn+ all discretion1   
tact1 & common s5se--has frequ5tly be5 !
 cause ( w> & blood%$4 ,is ?is1 ,i ask1 
compatible ) ,*ri/ian t5ets &           
pr(essions8 ,d n practices su* z ^! fall

 f> %ort ( ! high ideals t are s        
consi/5tly fl\ri%$ 9 ! face ( ^? :o are 
outside its pale8 ,d !y n br+ moral     
discr$it on a great cre$1 & t5d to r$uce
 x to ! l[ level ( m]e & fulsome cant8  
,b "o small specim5 ( ?is op5 &         
undisguis$ ho/ility w suffice4 ,9 ! ,x4 
,y4 ,z4 ( ,july #bd1 #aijh1 "u ! head+ 9
 l>ge type ( 8,,islam ,,! ,,enemy10     
appe>s ! foll[+3 8,at ! annual meet+    
held 9 connexion ) ! ,*ur* ,mission>y   
,society at ,h>rogate rec5tly1 ! ,rev4  
,w4 ,y4 ,pott] said3 #8,! calls :i* are 
mo/ urg5t are p]haps ^? to combat       
advanc+ ,mohamm$anism 9 ,we/ ,africa1 to
 direct ! new desire = le>n+ 9 ,*9a1 to 
protect ! ,japanese nation f            
,agno/icism1 by ga!r+ 9 ! millions 9 ^! 
l&s into ! folds ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4'0  
,a s5t5ce l ?is speaks = itself4 ,x is  
self-condemnatory4 ,x condemns ! speak] 
& ! :ole sy/em :i* advances & enc\rages 
su* n>r[ & vici\s me?ods4 ,x condemns1  
too1 a j\rnalism t gives su* poor &     
unwor?y utt]ances a place1 ev5 z a m]e  

8,fill up40  ,islam is n an enemy4 ,x is
 ,*ri/5dom only t makes h] s4 ,x is t   
crav5 consci5ce1 :i* f9d+ 9 h] a tea*] &
 a work] ( solid wor?1 has ar\s$ ! envy 
& malice ( ! ev] jeal\s !ological _s1   
:i* has inv>iably be5 responsible = s   
mu* w> & blood%$4 ,x is a relic ( ! same
 militant envy t1 burn+ ) fury ?r\gh\t !
 ,d>k ,ages1 fir$ ! ,crusades to a v    
great ext5t4 ,a cramp$ & dogmatic _s su*
 z ?is does n surely repres5t ! true _s 
( mod]n ,europe1 :i* is presumably      
rational & reasonable1 & consi/5t ) !   
g5ius ( progress & advancem5t4 ,!re is  
no real & spontane\s ,moslem m5ace4     
,ev51 h[ev]1 if !re is1 x is b ! re-e*o 
( ^! aggressively ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts4 ,x 
is b ! answ] to a *all5ge1 z undignifi$ 
& contemptu\s z x is aggressive &       
defiant4 ,islam1 ,i repeat1 is n an     
enemy1 b a co-work] ) u 9 ! great &     
glori\s cause ( uplift+ humanity f a l[]
 to a high] civilization4 ,islam has    
nei!r int5tion nor design ( encroa*+ ^u 
! spiritual pres]ves ( ,*ri/5dom4       

,fur!r1 %e has no it*+ wi% to d s4 ,h]  
lead]s h ! common s5se to recognize t   
,*ri/5dom is sep>at$ f h] by e?nic laws 
& social cu/oms t are indivisible4 ,%e  
is only too will+2 all1 9 fact1 %e asks1
 is to be left alone to "w 9 h] own     
sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,is x n possible1 !n1 
= a ,*ri/5dom pr(ess+ s va/ a moral & e 
o!r k9d ( sup]iority1 to meet h] half   
way1 to make a truce or compromise to ! 
effect t ea* %\ld "w 9 its own          
legitimate sph]e8 ,a pugnaci\s me?od su*
 z %e pursues t[>ds ,islam is z bad1    
worse 9 fact1 ?an a ?\s& r$ rags to an  
infuriat$ bull4 ,= l ! un=tunate victim 
9 a ,spani% bull-fight1 torm5t$ to its  
dea? by matadors1 piccadors1 torreadors1
 & a ho/ ( o!r 8dors10 ,islam is beset &
 heckl$ by ! fro?y vap\r+s ( !ocratic   
firebr&s1 & ! unbridl$ lic5ce (         
,europe's gutt] press4  ,! orig9 (      
,islam1 z ,i h describ$ x1 is 9 itself  
evid5ce ( ,islam's moral & spiritual    
/ability--( t "p ( h] :i* has n deviat$ 
f1 b clung to ! _s ( h] great ,f\nd]4 ,b

 ev5 all[+ = d5om9ational deviations1   
,islam 9 ! mass is truly dev\t4  ,! two 
cre$s repres5t two absolutely div]g5t   
sections ( humanity4 ,unque/ionably 9 a 
social1 moral & religi\s s5se1 ,islam is
 ,islam1 & ,*ri/5dom1 ,*ri/5dom4 ,to    
rem$y ?is div]g5ce1 to br+ ! two        
sections toge!r1 ent]s into !           
impossible4  ,a natural arrangem5t su* z
 ?is _c be int]f]$ ) or alt]$4          
,defective z x is f a human aspect1 x is
 all ! same irrem$iable--a hiatus z wide
 ap>t z ! suns 9 space1 beyond ! p[] (  
human ef=t to br+ toge!r4 ,x is only    
possible = ! rational gospel ( humanism1
 ! great religion ( natural sympa?y1 to 
heal ! brea*4 ,?is x c only d by turn+  
humanity into "o great human family4    
,?is alone w\ld sweep away ! di/urb+    
factors ( cre$s1 d5om9ations1 & sects4  
,b is su* a ?+ possible8 ,sc>cely6      
,c]ta9ly n s long z ! egotism & ego!ism 
( man is s pr$om9ant a =ce 9 human      
sociology1 or s long z ! pres5t physical
 & m5tal environm5ts ( ! two sections   

rema9 ! same4     ,,*apt] ,,viii        
,,europe',s ,,debt ,,to ,,islam3 ,,e?nic
 ,,sph]es ,,( ,,influ5ce   ,b ap>t f all
 ^! weighty consid]ations1 ! attitude ( 
,europe t[>ds ,islam %\ld be "o ( et]nal
 gratitude1 in/ead ( base +ratitude &   
=getfulness4 ,nev] to ?is day has       
,europe ackn[l$g$ 9 an hone/ &          
:ole-he>t$ mann] ! great & ev]la/+ debt 
%e owes to ,islamic culture &           
civilization4 ,only 9 a lukew>m &       
p]functory way has %e recogniz$ t :51   
dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 h] p 7 sunk 9        
feudalism & ignorance1 ,moslem          
civilization "u ! ,arabs rea*$ a high   
/&>d ( social & sci5tific spl5d\r1 t    
kept alive ! flick]+ emb]s ( ,european  
society f utt] decad5ce4  ,d n we1 :o n[
 consid] ourselves on ! topmo/ p9nacle  
ev] rea*$ by culture & civilization1    
recognize t _h x n be5 = ! high culture1
 ! civilization & intellectual z well z 
social spl5d\r ( ! ,arabs1 & to !       
s\ndness ( _! s*ool sy/em1 ,europe w\ld 
to ?is day h rema9$ sunk 9 ! d>kness (  

ignorance8 ,h we =gott5 t ! ,mohamm$an  
maxim 0 t1 8! real le>n+ ( a man is ( m 
public importance ?an any p>ticul>      
religi\s op9ions he may ent]ta90--t     
,moslem lib]ality 0 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! 
!n intol]ant /ate ( ,europe8 ,h we      
=gott5 t ! ,khalifate arose 9 ! mo/     
deg5]ate p]iod ( ,rome & ,p]sia1 also t 
! great] "p ( ,europe lay "u ! d>k cl\d 
( b>b>ism8 ,does ! magnific5t val\r ( ! 
,arabs1 inspir$ z x 0 by a !ism z l(ty z
 x 0 pure1 n appeal to u8 ,does n !     
mod]ation & comp>ative tol]ation %[n by 
!m to ! conqu]$1 not)/&+ ! fi]ce & burn+
 ard\r to reg5]ate mank9d t impell$ !m  
onw>ds to conque/1 also appeal to u8    
,does x n all ! m appeal to u1 :5 we    
contra/ ?is ) ! bitt]ness ( ! attitude (
 ! ,*ri/ian sects t[>ds "o ano!r8       
,especially :5 we consid] t 9 ,*ri/5dom 
z x 0 !n con/itut$1 extortion1 tyranny &
 imp]ial c5tralization1 comb9+ )        
ecclesia/ical despotism & p]secution1 _h
 practically ext+ui%$ patriotism1 by    
sub/itut+ 9 its place a s*ismatic &     

deg5]ate *ur*4  ,is x n obvi\s t 9 h]   
outlook on ,islam1 ,europe has ov]look$ 
h] own ,d>k ,ages--t awful p]iod (      
intellectual oblivion :i* comm5c$ ) !   
decl9e ( classical le>n+ subsequ5t to ! 
e/abli%m5t ( ! b>b>ians 9 ,europe 9 !   
fif? c5tury1 & cont9u$ d[n to !         
,r5aissance1 i4e4 t[>ds ! end ( !       
f\rte5? c5tury8 ,is x too n evid5t t %e 
has lo/ all recollection ( ! torn &     
di/urb$ /ate ( ,*ri/5dom ev5 9 ! middle 
( ! fifte5? c5tury :5 ! ,r5aissance 0 9 
full sw+1 or _h at lea/ run half its    
c\rse8 ,h[ few ,europeans !re are :o "k 
! "n ( neas ,sylvius--few] /ill :o c    
rememb] ! /rik+ & vivid picture he has  
drawn ( ! /ate ( ,europe 9 ^? days (    
dawn+ intellig5ce6 ,yet ?is prelate1    
aft]w>d ,pope ,pius ,,ii1 sums up ! !n  
,european situation 9 a curi\s b concise
 & explicit docum5t--a species ( /ate   
pap] dat$ #aded4 ,possess+ z he did a   
p]sonal k ( ,europe1 & be+ a man ( great
 natural %rewdness & p[] ( obs]vation1  
neas ,sylvius 0 ( all m5 !n liv+ ! be/  

qualifi$ to describe ! /ate ( affairs at
 ?is p]iod4 ,s t 8 obs]vations are n    
only significant1 b entitl$ to weight & 
consid]ation4  ,discuss+ ! prospects ( !
 project$ crusade1 he praises w>mly     
,philip ( ,burgundy = 8 read9ess 9 !    
matt]1 !n gives 8 reason = conclud+ t ! 
,diet at ,frank=t mu/ be a failure4 ,=  
!re is no real unity 9 ,*ri/5dom2 nei!r 
,pope nor ,cs> is duly rev]5c$ or       
believ$ 92 !y are b feign$ names or     
pa9t$ effigies--ea* /ate has its own k+3
 !re is a pr9ce to e h\se4 ,italy is    
di/urb$1 ,g5oa be+ at feud ) ,aragon2   
nay1 worse1 ,v5ice has actually a treaty
 ) ! ,turk4 ,9 ,spa9 are _m k+s1 all    
diff]+ 9 p[]1 gov]nm5t1 aims & op9ions4 
,!re is ev5 w> too !re ab\t ,granada4   
,france is /ill look+ uneasily across ! 
,*annel at ,engl&1 h] old foe1 & ,engl& 
wat*es ,france4 ,! ,g]mans are divid$1  
)\t coh]5ce2 _! cities qu>rel ) _!      
pr9ces2 _! pr9ces fight among !mselves4 
,luxemburg is a cause ( dispute betwe5 !
 ,k+ ( ,bohemia & ! ,duke ( ,burgundy4  

,is x possible t ,europe is unm9dful (1 
& has ! +ratitude to ignore1 ! spl5did  
s]vices ( ! sci5ti/s & philosoph]s (    
,arabia8 ,are ! names ( ,assamh1 ,abu   
,o?man1 ,alb]uni1 ,albei?>1 ,abu ,ali   
,ibn ,s9a 7,avic5na71 ! great physician 
& philosoph]1 ,ibn ,ru%d 7,av]roes7 (   
,cordova1 ! *ief comm5tator on          
,ari/otle1 ,ibn ,bajja 7,avempace7      
besides a ho/ ( o!rs1 b dead lett]s8 ,is
 ! great "w t !y h done1 & ! fame !y h  
left beh9d !m 9 _! books1 to be consign$
 to ! limbo ( oblivion1 by an ungrateful
 because antipa!tic ,europe8 ,does ! "w 
( ,alhaz51 au?or ( optical treatises1 :o
 und]/ood ! weight ( air1 correct$ !    
,greek misconception or !ory ( vision1 &
 det]m9$ ! function ( ! ret9a1 c\nt =   
no?+8 ,d we owe no tribute to a great   
?9k] su* z ,ghazali1 :o 9 speak+ ( 8    
attempts to deta* himself f 8 y\?ful    
op9ions says3 8,i said to myself1 my aim
 is simply to "k ! tru? ( ?+s1          
consequ5tly x is indisp5sable = me to   
asc]ta9 :at is k08 ,x _c be t already we

 h lo/ sight ( ! amaz+ intellectual     
activity ( ! ,moslem _w1 dur+ ! e>li] "p
 ( ! 8,abbasid0 p]iod m especially8 ,x  
_c be t we h q =gott5 ! irrecov]able    
loss t 0 inflict$ on ,arabian lit]ature 
& on ! _w at l>ge by ! wanton de/ruction
 ( ?\s&s ( books t 0 prompt$ by ,*ri/ian
 bigotry & fanaticism8 ,x _c surely be  
said ( ,*ri/ian ,europe t = c5turies n[ 
%e has done h] be/ to hide h] obligation
 to ! ,arabs8 ,yet mo/ assur$ly         
obligations su* z ^! are f> too sacr$ to
 lie mu* long] hidd56 ,let              
,europe--,*ri/5dom r--confess &         
ackn[l$ge h] fault4 ,let h] proclaim    
al\d to h] own ignorant masses1 & to !  
_w at l>ge1 ! +ratitude %e has display$1
 & ! et]nal debt %e owes to ! ,islam %e 
no long] despises4 ,op5 confession is   
good = ! s\l1 & only a confession su* z 
?is c wipe (f ! black /a9 :i* has = s   
long besmir*$ h] fair fame4 ,let        
,*ri/5dom once & = all recognize t !    
greate/ ( all faults is to be consci\s (
 none--t ackn[l$g+ a fault is say+1 only

 9 o!r words1 we are wis] to-day ?an we 
7 ye/]day4 ,only ?r\gh magnanimity su* z
 ?is c %e claim r$emption4 ,= %e mu/    
surely "k t 8inju/ice f\nd$ on religi\s 
ranc\r & national conceit _c be         
p]petrat$ = ev]40  ,let me endeav\r to  
make my mean+ some:at cle>]1 by means ( 
two simple illu/rations--! "o belong+ to
 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! o!r to ! tw5tie?4 
8,h[ _m great m5 d y reckon80 ,buffon 0 
ask$ "o day4 8,five10 answ]$ he at once2
 8,newton1 ,bacon1 ,leibnitz1           
,montesquieu1 & myself40  ,"s five to   
six ye>s ago1 ! pres5t ,g]man ,emp]or1 9
 giv+ 8 views on div9e revelation &     
manife/ation1 is said to h express$     
himself z foll[s3 8,to promote man's    
developm5t ,god has reveal$ ,himself 9  
man1 :e!r he be prie/ or k+1 :e!r hea!n1
 ,jew1 or ,*ri/ian4 ,s 9 ,moses1        
,abraham1 ,hom]1 ,*>lemagne1 ,lu!r1     
,%akespe>e1 ,goe!1 ,kant1 & ! ,emp]or   
,william ! ,great1 :om ,god ?us s\ght   
out to a*ieve imp]i%able results4 ,8    
gr&fa!r (t5 said t he 0 an in/rum5t 9   

,god's h&s40  ,comm5t on my "p ( any k9d
 w\ld be b an insult to ! intellig5t or 
sympa!tic read]4 ,b ! way 9 :i* ,islam  
is /udi\sly ignor$ 9 bo? cases is surely
 significant & lum9\s4 ,^! are b two m]e
 examples tak5 at r&om1 b !y are typical
 ( ,european arrogance1 egotism1 & h]   
g5]al attitude ( sup]cili\s apa?y t[>ds 
! ,moslem _w4 ,aft] all--ev5 :5 an      
enlight5$ emp]or is conc]n$--x is b a   
/ep1 & a %ort quick /ep1 f ! sublime to 
! ridicul\s4  ,9 ,europe's own int]e/ x 
w\ld 9 ! end repay h] /atesm5 to treat !
 _w ( ,islam ) great] sympa?y &         
tol]ation1 also ) b ord9>y ju/ice4 ,^!  
rem>ks apply m =cibly ( c\rse to ,great 
,brita9 & ,france4 ,f ! /&po9t ( !      
highe/ /atesman%ip1 ^! two /ates %\ld   
utilize ! p[] !y possess t[>ds !        
atta9m5t ( ?is wise & politic object4   
,in/ead ( p]mitt+ any su* impolitic     
measures 7z e4g4 ^? made by ,*ri/ian    
mission>ies to proselytize7 !y %\ld1 by 
e means t lies )9 _! p[]1 advance1      
enc\rage1 & /imulate ! "w ( ,islam 9 its

 own prop] & legitimate sph]e (         
influ5ce4 ,reflection w rem9d !m t      
intol]ance or p]secution 9 any =m1 z !  
hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity itself proves1     
always aid$1 b nev] det]r$1 ! developm5t
 ( any cre$4 ,^! facts alone ought to   
recomm5d ! /udy ( ,islam to all ,briti% 
/atesman4 ,b 9 addition1 ,i w\ld po9t   
out to !m "o feature t is wor? look+    
into4 ,?is is1 t ! same bl5d (          
mat]ialism & _s1 ! same desire = unity1 
cohesion & con/ruction1 :i* *>act]iz$   
,mohamm$'s ef=ts1 h op]at$ also 9 !     
build+ up ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,x is    
practically out ( ^! =ces1 b "u diff]5t 
aspects & conditions ( social & physical
 environm5t1 t ,engl& has exp&$ into    
,great] ,brita94 ,giv5 ! same conditions
 & environm5t1 & ! same vigor\s p1 & !re
 is no kn[+ :at ! true _s & f]v\r (     
,islam might n h effect$4 ,rememb] t !  
s\l ( ,islam1 z ! ,prophet left x1 did n
 lack 9 spiritual /am9a4 ,! lack ( x has
 be5 9 h] disciples1 :o h f\nd x        
difficult to live up to ! rigid /&>d t 0

 set !m by _! ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,9 a great   
int]national or r int]cre$al "q su* z   
?is1 x is highly impolitic to make      
comp>isons1 m especially :5 ! cre$s 9 "q
 repres5t a sph]e ( ?\ght & a           
sociological sy/em s widely div]g5t z   
,islam & ,*ri/5dom4 ,all ! same1 !re are
 facts t ! latt] %\ld be rem9d$ (4      
,?r\gh\t its great & gr[+ hi/ory1       
p>ticul>ly its e>li] c>e] :5 fanaticism 
0 excusable1 militant & viol5t z %e has 
be51 ,islam nev] desc5d$ to s hateful a 
sy/em z ! diabolical ,inquisition1 nev] 
/a9$ ! great s\l ( h] ,fai? by ru?less &
 bloody massacres su* z ^? ( !          
,albig5ses1 ,wald5ses1 & ,/4 ,b>?olomew4
 ,on ! contr>y1 %e %[$ a _s ( religi\s  
tol]ation t 0 z rational z x 0          
rem>kable4 ,inde$ "u ! ,ommiades ( ,spa9
 7#gee-ajca7 ?is 0 9 e s5se great]1     
high] & wid] ?an t :i* prevails at      
pres5t 9 mod]n ,spa94 ,x is true ( c\rse
 t ,ma'mun1 "o ( ! ,abbasid ,caliphs1   
e/abli%$ 9 #hcc ,a4,d4 a mihna or       
,inquisition1 9 ord] to uphold !        

rationalism ( ! ,mu'tazilite doctr9e    
aga9/ or?odoxy4 ,b x 0 %ortliv$4 ,= soon
 aft] 8 successor ,w'a?ik is said to h  
(ficially ab&on$ rationalism2 & 9 f\rte5
 ye>s f its initiation1 ! cruel & bigot$
 ,mutawakkil /]nly put 8 foot on x1 & ) 
x ! ,inquisition4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n an   
,inquisition su* z t ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*4  
,9 reality x 0 b a c\ncil e/abli%$ ) !  
object only ( introduc+ rationalism into
 ! empire & to keep out reaction>ies f !
 ,/ate ,s]vice4 ,9 o!r words1 x 0 b a   
8,te/10 :i* 0 promulgat$ & adm9i/]$ on !
 same l9es & pr9ciples z ! ,te/ ,act 9  
,engl&4 ,is x wise !n = ! /atesm5 (     
,europe to ignore su* weighty facts8    
,w\ld x n be m politic on _! "p to take 
cognizance ( !m8 ,x is on facts su* z ^!
 t ,european policy 9 its relation%ip to
 ,islam %\ld be bas$4 ,x is only by mak+
 ! /udy ( univ]sal hi/ory a sci5ce t !  
politician c ev] hope to become a       
/atesman4 ,?is means a ?or\gh &         
compreh5sive grasp ( anci5t z well z    
mod]n hi/ory4 ,su* a grasp alone w      

enable him to look into ! future & %ape 
8 policy4 ,b to d s )\t a complete k (  
,islam's hi/ory 9 ! pa/1 & ! manife/ "p 
%e has yet to play 9 ! hi/ory ( !       
future1 is to %[ an utt] ignorance (    
/atecraft1 b especially ( t wid] sph]e (
 8welt politik0 :i* be>s ! same analogy 
to ! =m] z1 9 milit>y p>lance1 /rategy  
does to tactics4 ,^! %ap]s ( ! de/9ies (
 _! v>i\s nations mu/ rememb] t ,islam  
has done = ! ,ea/1 or r = ! _w (        
polygamy1 :at ,*ri/5dom has done = !    
,we/ or _w ( monogamy4 ,%e has uplift$  
millions ^u millions ( human be+s f a   
mu* l[] to a f> high] scale (           
civilization4 ,9 ,africa & 9 ,asia %e   
has purifi$ ! primitive cults ( _!      
sacrificial abom9ations1 has introduc$ a
 bett] & human] legislation1 has        
enc\rag$ comm]ce & indu/ries & e/abli%$ 
a m /able =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,f9ally1 %e has
 exalt$ ! supreme ,god1 ^: wor%ip _h    
practically fall5 into abeyance1 to a   
p9nacle ( solit>y gr&eur1 & 9 ?is way   
uplift$ ! p into a f> high] moral &     

spiritual atmosph]e4 ,to quote ,/anley  
,lane ,poole1 %e has giv5 !m 8a =m (    
pure !ism1 simpl] & m au/]e ?an ! !ism (
 mo/ =ms ( ,*ri/ianity1 l(ty 9 its      
conception ( ! relation ( man to ,god1 &
 noble 9 its doctr9e ( ! duty ( man to  
man1 & ( man to ! l[] creation40 ,islam1
 9 fact1 has done a great "w4 ,%e has   
left a m>k on ! pages ( human hi/ory :i*
 is indelible1 t c nev] be effac$--t    
only :5 ! _w gr[s wis] w be ackn[l$g$ 9 
full--9 o!r words1 :5 ! sun ( k %all h  
dispell$ ! black cl\ds ( ignorance4 ,b  
,islam is /ill do+1 & w cont9ue to d1 ! 
great "w t h] f\nd] initiat$4 ,?is is a 
"w t ,*ri/ianity c nev] d4 ,islam too   
has a mission4 ,b h] mission is 9 q     
ano!r sph]e to t ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x is 7&  
has = "s "t be57 ! preconceiv$ op9ion 9 
,europe t ! p[] & influ5ce ( ,islam s9ce
 ! wan+ ( h] conque/s h come to a       
/&/ill4 ,t morally & spiritually h]     
influ5ce is demoraliz+ & corruptive--!  
bane1 9 a ^w1 ( ^? nations t %e is      
proselytiz+4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,nev] 0 a   

great] & m unp>donable mi/ake made ?an  
?is4 ,an error r ?an a mi/ake4 ,! wi% b 
prompts ! ?\ght4 ,!re is /ill mu* moral 
& spiritual vitality 9 ,islam1 !re=e    
ela/icity & p[] ( expansion4 ,9 ,africa 
especially1 among all ! ,bantu & negroid
 tribes ^: sociology is patri>*al1 !re  
is a great "w = h] to d4 ,^! peoples by 
_! :ole social sy/em & 9 e moral s5se   
belong to ! sph]e ( ,islam & n (        
,*ri/5dom4  ,to judge or ev5 criticize  
,islam f a ,european /&po9t is unev54   
,to get h] prop] measure1 ,islam mu/ be 
weigh$ f ! aspect ( ! e?nic basis ^u :i*
 %e re/s4 ,to comp>e "o sy/em by ! /&>d 
( ano!r1 x is only possible to arrive at
 a di/ort$ or unequal result4 ,islam c  
no m be judg$ by mod]n commonplace      
me?ods ?an ,europe c be judg$ on ! same 
l9es by ,islam1 or ?an ,mohamm$ himself 
^: spl5did concept x 04 ,! mann]s &     
morals ( 8 own "t mu/ also be tak5 into 
consid]ation4 ,! two cre$s ( ,islam &   
,*ri/5dom h be5 built on diff]5t bases1 
& con/ruct$ out ( diff]5t mat]ial4 ,!   

,god ( "o is ! ,god ( univ]sal nature4  
,! ,god ( ! o!r is a tri=m ,be+--a      
metaphysical tr9ity 9 unity4 ,socially !
 ,moslem is a polygami/1 religi\sly he  
is an unit>ian4 ,! ,european is j !     
opposite to ?is4 ,socially he is a      
monogami/1 religi\sly he is a tr9it>ian4
 ,9 a ^w1 ! sy/em ( ^! two great human  
divisions diff] z mu* f ea* o!r z _!    
foot ge>4 ,t ( ! ,moslem aga9 con=ms to 
nature4 ,t is1 8 %oe is made to fit !   
foot1 :i* n>r[s at ! heel1 & splays out 
at ! toes4 ,9 ,europe1 on ! contr>y1 !  
foot is made to fit ! %oe1 :i*1 wide at 
! heel1 n>r[s into a po9t at ! toes4 ,h[
 is x possible !n = two su* widely      
div]g5t sy/ems to agree8  ,b at lea/ !y 
c agree to diff]4 ,at lea/ !re is "o    
broad base ^u :i* !y c meet4 ,on !      
gr\nds ( a common humanity1 on ! gr\nds 
( a common sympa?y1 by a common bir? & a
 common dea? !y are equal4 ,x is n =    
,*ri/5dom to hang back4 ,islam is q     
ready to meet h] m ?an half-way4 ,f !   
sup]ior vantage gr\nd ( h] position1 x  

is = h] to hold out ! "r h& ( fell[%ip4 
,x is = h] to recognize ! real wor? (   
,islam4 ,x is = h] to respect n to      
contemn h] great coadjutor4 ,= h] to    
reg>d ,islam1 n z a foe or ev5 a rival1 
s mu* z a great & wor?y co-p>tn] ) h]1 9
 ! "w ( civilization4 ,f ?is reasonable 
& rational /&po9t ! sph]e ( ,islam's    
influ5ce %\ld be wisely left alone4 ,= !
 en=cem5t ( ,*ri/ianity on races su* z  
^? ( ,africa1 = in/ance1 ^: sy/em is    
patri>*al1 c only end1 z x has already  
done1 9 _! utt] d5ationalization &      
hybridization4 ,to ,europeanize & turn  
into ,*ri/ians ^! sons ( nature m]ely = 
! motive ( ga9+ conv]ts is impolitic1 if
 n immoral4 ,x b makes human mules ( !m4
 ,wis] f> to let !m rema9 z !y are4 ,z  
well try to turn camelop>ds into        
crocodiles or py?ons into hippos1 z     
conv]t ,africans into ,europeans4 ,islam
 attempts no?+ unnatural ( ?is k9d--no?+
 t is oppos$ to e?nic conditions &      
sociological usages4 ,9 h] case %e b    
develops ! lama into ! camel4  ,x is    

impossible1 fatu\s 9 fact1 to ignore or 
ev5 ov]look ! basic importance (        
physical environm5t4 ,ev5 sci5ce 9 ?is  
respect has be5 backw>d1 & v sl[ly      
recogniz$ t geography is obvi\sly &     
ess5tially ! basis ( all hi/ory--i4e4 ( 
all human action & developm5t4 ,!       
importance ( climate & climatic *anges  
on ! habits1 cu/oms1 temp]am5t & "* (   
races1 has nev] be5 cle>ly & ?or\ghly   
realiz$4 ,n until ?is has be5 e/imat$ & 
appreciat$ at its true value1 w x be    
possible = reason to ov]ride ! dogmas & 
bigotries ( %ort-sight$ & prejudic$     
!ology4 ,b ! day is fa/ approa*+ :5 ?is 
fact mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z a univ]sal tru?4
 ,!n only w ,islam & o!r cre$s be       
apprais$ f an ev5 & rational /&po9t4    
,ev5 admitt+ t ,islam has rec$$ f       
,mohamm$'s moral & spiritual high wat]  
m>k1 ?is is all ! m reason :y ! /atesm5 
( ,europe %\ld /ret* out a help+ h& to  
assi/ 9 rais+ h] to h] =m] level4 ,all !
 m reason :y !y %\ld enc\rage & /imulate
 h] to high] aims & endeav\rs4 ,?is     

assur$ly w\ld be a m dignifi$ &         
/atesmanlike proce$+ ?an t :i*1 if x    
does n sanction1 at all ev5ts p]mits !  
good "n & fame ( ,islam to be smir*$ )  
contumely1 & to be held up be=e ! _w z a
 /&+ m5ace to civilization4 ,a c\rse su*
 z ,i h sugge/$1 is mu* m likely to br+ 
ab\t a bett] und]/&+ & prep>ation t[>ds 
any possible fusion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !    
pres5t propag&a ( active !ological      
aggression & political indiff]5ce1 is   
b\nd to make ! brea* wid] ?an ev] ) !   
ultimate c]ta9ty ( disruption4 ,9 face (
 su* a climax !re is b ?is "o rem$y4 ,z 
a moral & spiritual factor 9 !          
reg5]ation ( humanity1 ,islam is        
indisp5sable4 ,9 h] own sph]e %e mu/ n  
be int]f]$ )4 ,! good ( humanity is a   
high] cause to "w = ?an ! m]e           
glorification ( cre$ & sect4 ,! cause ( 
humanity /rikes wid]1 deep] & high] ?an 
t ( any cre$ or d5om9ation4 ,by work+   
t[>ds ?is end1 by s9k+ d5om9ational     
diff]5ces 9 ! common /ock-pot (         
humanity1 ! _w at l>ge & civilization 9 

p>ticul> w 9 ! end ga9 ev] s mu* m4  ,9 
speak+ ( ,islam & ( ,moslems z ,i h     
done1 ,i h spok5 ( !m z ,i h f\nd !m4   
,ap>t f a c>eful /udy ( ! ,koran1 my k (
 bo? is bas$ on p]sonal facts &         
exp]i5ces z v>i$ z !y are ext5sive4 ,9 e
 clime & "u a v>iety ( conditions1 ,i h 
be5 9 t\* ) ,moslems ( all classes &    
%ades1 & h always f\nd !m animat$ by !  
same _s--= race or col\r makes no       
diff]5ce to ! _s ( ,islam4 ,always      
consi/5t & dev\t1 always ,god-fe>+ &    
s9c]e z reg>ds _! ,fai?4 ,be=e all ?+s  
religi\s1 _! cult1 ! cre$ (             
,mohamm$--i4e4 ,el ,islam or            
self-surr5d]4 ,afghan1 ,arab1 ,balu*i1  
,h9du/ani1 ,somali1 ,turk1 ,egyptian1   
,had5d[a1 ,b]b]1 ,s5egalese1 ,fulani1   
,hausa1 ,yoruba1 ,m&+o1 ,malay1 ,i h    
f\nd !m 9 ! ma9 ,islamic to ! v core4 ,9
 peace or w>1 9 camp & cantonm5t1 work+ 
& fight+ ) or aga9/ !m1 my exp]i5ce ( _!
 moral consi/5cy & spiritual /am9a has  
be5 ! same4 ,brave to a fault1 end[$ ) !
 reckless c\rage ( ! ,fatali/1 fe>less &

 contemptu\s ( dea?1 _! fidelity to _!  
,fai?1 _! belief 9 ! greatness (        
,mohamm$1 & _! v5]ation ( ,god1 is a    
some?+ t once x is rightly und]/ood1 c  
only be respect$ & appreciat$ at its    
true value4 ,= my "p1 see+ z ,i h _!    
spl5did h]oism 9 _! own cause1 & _! t\*+
 devotion to ^? ^: salt !y h eat51 my   
feel+s t[>ds !m is n only "o ( unmix$   
admiration & respect1 b also ( deep     
e/eem & reg>d4 ,su* m5 are wor?y (      
,islam1 z ,islam inde$ is wor?y ( !m4   
,only ! s\l--! moral & spiritual        
ess5ce--( ,islam c\ld h made !m :at !y  
are1 c\ld h turn$ out ( ! dregs (       
b>b>ism a human mat]ial s truly spl5did4
  ,) exp]i5ce & facts su* z ^! be=e me1 
,i = "o f9d x impossible to =get1 & only
 natural to ackn[l$ge ) c&\r1 ! great & 
magnific5t "p t ,islam has occupi$ 9 !  
hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,9 ! intellectual /rife (
 h]oes :o h wre/l$ & f\ght = ! tru? & :o
 = _m c5turies l$ ! _w1 9 ! ar5a (      
battle & ( conque/ :]e w>riors h l$ !   
van1 ! sons ( ,islam /& on a p$e/al ( _!

 own mak+1 t z ! _w gr[s old] & m       
enlight5$1 w /& out 9 all ! great]      
prom95ce4 ,/& out z m5 :o h tak5 z great
 & h]oic ?\gh n s su/a9$ a "p on ! /age 
( univ]sal hi/ory z ! giants & h]oes (  
,*ri/5dom4  ,ev5 9 a /udy ( ?is l5g? x  
is 9 reality impossible to deal         
exhau/ively ) a "q s wide & ext5sive z  
?is1 :i* requires a l>ge volume to      
itself4 ,b ,i h said en\gh1 ,i tru/1 to 
%[ t ! value ( ,islam z a moral &       
spiritual factor 9 ! civilization ( ! _w
 is v consid]able4 ,i hope too t to all 
:o are reasonable & rational 9 _! views1
 ,i h %[n1 z cle>ly & z concisely z x is
 possible to d )9 su* n>r[ limits1 t !  
s-call$ 8,moslem m5ace0 is b ! wrai? (  
an ov]-heat$ imag9ation--! bogie conjur$
 up by a hector+ & arrogant !ocracy1    
back$ up1 un=tunately1 by an indiscreet 
& tactless ,press1 ev] ready to         
exagg]ate any piece ( *eap claptrap into
 ! s5sation ( ! mom5t4 ,always eag] to  
lift up ev5 g>bage su* z ?is to ! high] 
level ( dramatic d5\em5ts1 by giv+ undue

 prom95ce to ! unreliable fro? &        
eff]vesc5ce ( irresponsible & excitable 
cranks4 ,9 a ^w1 by a process ( moral   
aggravation t is unwor?y a great &      
lib]al ,press4  ,f9ally1 ,i h endeav\r$ 
to make x cle>1 t ap>t f motives ( hon\r
 & high pr9ciples & consi/5t ) ! dignity
 ( ! great ,aryan family1 ,europe %\ld  
adopt t[>ds ,islam a policy (           
conciliation & co-op]ation3 if = no?+   
else1 to avoid be+ hoi/$ by h] own      
ov]*>g$ & explosive pet>d4 ,if ,i h done
 b ?is1 !n at lea/ my lab\r %all n h be5
 9 va94  ,decoration                    
,,islam--,,corrig5da4   ,p4 #h1 ,=eword4
 ,9 l9es #c & #b f bottom1 unit$ %\ld   
read suit$4  ,on p4 #eg1 l9e j above    
quotation1 c\ld be /ill3 %\ld read c\ld 
be3 /ill--  ,p4 #hg4 ,9 l9e #c f bottom1
 an an alysis ( %\ld read an analysis (4
     ,lisc>d ,comm]cial & ,collegiate   
,s*ools1  ,lisc>d1 ,*e%ire4   ,^!       
,s*ools1 :i* are highly recomm5d$ by    
,major ,a4 ,g4 ,,leon>d1 diff]5tiate 9 !
 tea*+ giv5 to _! ,s5ior boys1 !re be+  

?ree c\rses to meet ! requirem5ts ( ^?  
de/9$ = 7,a7 ,comm]ce1 7,b7 !           
,pr(essions or ! ,univ]sity1 7,c7       
,eng9e]+1 etc4  ,?is ,adv]tisem5t is    
ins]t$ 9 ! hope ( secur+ z private      
bo>d]s a limit$ numb] ( ,european1      
,asiatic1 or ,african pupils ^: p>5ts   
wi% !m to be educat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,su*     
p>5ts may rely on ! ,headma/]'s complete
 & sympa!tic att5tion to _! *ildr54     
,ref]5ces giv5 & requir$4 ,all p>ticul>s
 w be furni%$ on application to--       
,,mr4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,hamm]sley1      8,h>b\r 
,view10      ,seabank ,road1 ,lisc>d1   
,*e%ire4     ,,provisions  ,,outfit     
,griffi?s1 ,mc,alister  ,co41           
,,export ,,provision ,,m]*ants1 ,etc41  
#bi-ca1 ,mane/y's ,lane1 ,,liv]pool4    
#ad1 ,billit] ,/reet1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4  
,suppli]s ( all k9ds ( ,provisions1     
,camp ,equipm5t1 ,m$ical ,/ores1 ,w9es1 
,spirits1 & ,m9]al ,wat]s1 etc41 =      
,explor+ & ,m9+ ,exp$itions2 also =     
private use abroad4  ,all ,goods        
suitably pack$ = ,hot & ,cold ,climates1

 & made up 9 loads suitable = all modes 
( ,transport4       ,,contractors ,,to  
,,! ,,cr[n ,,ag5ts     ,,= ,,!          
,,colonies4      ,suppli]s to ,lieut4   
,%ackleton's ,ant>ctic ,exp$ition1      
#aijg-aiji4       ,telegraphic          
,addresses3--       8,,coomassie10      
,,liv]pool4       8,,appeasable10       
,,london4  ,codes us$--,a1 ,b1 ,c1 #d? &
 #e? ,editions & ,lieb]'s4   ,,e/abli%$ 
#ahhj4     ,transcrib]'s ,note          
,italics are indicat$ by und]scores1 l  
?is4  ,! corrig5da 7 orig9ally ins]t$   
be=e ! ,=eword2 !y h be5 implem5t$1 &   
mov$ to ! end ( ! text = ref]5ce4  ,!   
adv]tisem5ts 7 orig9ally pr9t$ on ei!r  
side ( ! title page2 !y h be5 mov$ to ! 
end ( ! text4  ,! foll[+ s5t5ce1 :i*    
seems to be miss+ "o or m words1 has be5
 reta9$ z pr9t$3       ,yet syn*ron\s ) 
?is ! man ( ideas & ideals t he kept    
to himself h[ev]2 t he divulg$ to no "o4
  ,bo? 8half way0 & 8half-way0 are us$4 
,! foll[+ typographical errors &        
inconsi/5cies h be5 correct$3           

,title page3     8,p]sonal ,law ( !     
,mohamm$ans10 etc     *ang$ to          
8,p]sonal ,law ( ! ,mohamm$ans10 etc4   
,page #i3     ,s\? ,am]ican ,gua*o is n 
*ang$ to     ,s\? ,am]ican ,gau*o is n  
,page #i3     adapt$ = ideali/ic m9ds4  
*ang$ to     adapt$ = ideali/ic m9ds8   
,page #bg3     ! org9ator ( a new       
*ang$ to     ! orig9ator ( a new        
,page #cb3     7an "u r ?an an          
ov]-e/imate7     *ang$ to     7an "u- r 
?an an ov]-e/imate7      ,page #cc3     
,god's omnipres5ce & omipot5ce _h made  
*ang$ to     ,god's omnipres5ce &       
omnipot5ce _h made      ,page #ef3      
ea* a mighty voice1     *ang$ to     ea*
 a mighty voice10      ,page #ef3       
blackness t prevades ! v s\l     *ang$  
to     blackness t p]vades ! v s\l      
,page #eg3     gr&eur & appal+ sam5ess  
*ang$ to     gr&eur & appall+ sam5ess   
,page #ff3     tru?s are only f\nd 9 !  
dep?s ( ! ?\ght4     *ang$ to     tru?s 
are only f\nd 9 ! dep?s ( ! ?\ght40     
,page #gb3     7 mu* 9 repute1 :5 bo?1  

*ang$ to     7 mu* 9 repute2 :5 bo?1    
,page #hb3     secrets ( ,god nei!r d ,i
 say     *ang$ to     secrets ( ,god1   
nei!r d ,i say      ,page #hg3     to   
hurl inu5does1 ana!mas     *ang$ to     
to hurl innu5does1 ana!mas      ,page   
#ia3     kn[n z ,a5eas ,sylvius 7,pius  
,a5eas73     *ang$ to     kn[n z neas   
,sylvius 7,pius neas73      ,page #id3  
! sacr$ r$uit & rally+ gr\nd     *ang$  
to     ! sacr$ rduit & rally+ gr\nd     
,page #if3     awak5+ ( ! _s ( comm]ce  
*ang$ to     awak5+ ( ! _s ( comm]ce4   
,page #ajc3     ,i also w wait x ) y4   
*ang$ to     ,i also w wait x ) y40     
,page #abe3     ,islam1 9 fact is above 
*ang$ to     ,islam1 9 fact1 is above   
,page #acj3     ,9 a great measure      
pologamy is mu* m     *ang$ to     ,9 a 
great measure polygamy is mu* m         
,page #acd3     all ! ,mutalazite       
doctors     *ang$ to     all !          
,mu'tazilite doctors      ,page #ace3   
t ( ! ,mutalazite doctors     *ang$ to  
t ( ! ,mu'tazilite doctors      ,page   

#aci3     ,%e is only too will+1 all1 9 
fact1     *ang$ to     ,%e is only too  
will+2 all1 9 fact1      ,page #adf3    
asc]ta9 :at is k80     *ang$ to         
asc]ta9 :at is k08      ,page #adg3     
8,newton1 ,bacon1 ,liebnitz1            
,montesquieu1 & myself40     *ang$ to   
8,newton1 ,bacon1 ,leibnitz1            
,montesquieu1 & myself40      ,page     
#aef3     o!r cre$s be appris$     *ang$
 to     o!r cre$s be apprais$  ,all o!r 
peculi>ities & inconsi/5cies ( spell+1  
punctuation & capitalisation h be5      
reta9$ z pr9t$4