,,anci5t ,,fai?s ,,& ,,mod]n3 ,a ,diss]tation ^u ,wor%ips1 ,leg5ds & ,div9ities ,9 ,c5tral ,& ,we/]n ,asia1 ,europe1 ,& ,else:]e1 ,be=e ,! ,*ri/ian ,era4 ,%[+ ,_! ,relations ,to ,religi\s ,cu/oms ,z ,!y ,n[ ,exi/4 ,by ,?omas ,inman1 ,m4,d4 ,au?or ,( ,anci5t ,fai?s ,embodi$ ,9 ,anci5t ,names1 ,etc41 ,etc4 ,consult+ ,physician ,to ,! ,royal ,infirm>y1 ,liv]pool2 ,lectur]1 ,successively1 ,on ,botany1 ,m$ical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,!rapeutics1 ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 ,& ,! ,pr9ciples ,& ,practice ,ok ,m$ic9e1 ,etc41 ,9 ,! ,liv]pool ,s*ool ,ok ,m$ic9e4 ,etc4 #ahgf ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,?ir/ ,,aft] ,,k1 ,,& ,,are ,,n ,,det]r$ ,,f ,,seek+ ,,x ,,by ,,! ,,fe> ,,( ,,imag9>y ,,dang]s1 ,,?is ,,volume ,,is ,,inscrib$1 ,,) ,,great ,,respect1 ,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,preface4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago1 aft] a p]iod ( labori\s /udy1 ,i became ! ,h\se ,surgeon ( a l>ge ,infirm>y4 ,9 t in/itution ,i 0 enabl$ to see ! practice ( sev5 diff]5t doctors1 & to comp>e ! results :i* foll[$ f _! v>i\s plans ( treatm5t4 ,i soon f\nd t ! numb] ( cures 0 ne>ly equal among/ !m all1 & became c]ta9 t recov]y 0 little influ5c$ by ! m$ic9e giv54 ,! conclusion drawn 0 t ! physician c\ld d h>m1 b t 8 p[] = good 0 limit$4 ,?is induc$ me to inve/igate ! laws ( heal? & ( disease1 ) an especial desire to discov] "s sure gr\nd on :i* ! heal+ art might safely /&4 ,! inquiry 0 a long "o1 & to myself satisfactory4 ,! conclusions to :i* ,i came 7 extremely simple--am\nt+ almo/ to truisms2 & ,i 0 surpris$ t x _h requir$ long & su/a9$ lab\r to f9d out su* v homely tru?s z ^? :i* ,i seem$ to h une>!d4 ,yet1 ) ?is discov]y came ! assurance t1 if ,i c\ld induce my m$ical bre?r5 to adopt my views1 !y w\ld deprive !mselves ( ! means ( liv+4 ,m51 l horses or tig]s1 monkeys & codfi%1 c d )\t doctors4 ,"h & !re1 x is true1 t ! art & skill ( ! physician or surgeon c relieve pa91 av]t dang] f accid5ts1 & w>d (f dea? = a "t2 b1 9 ! g5]ality ( cases1 doctors are p[]less4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( su* m51 h[ev]1 to magnify _! (fice to ! utmo/4 ,!y get _! money o/5sibly by cur+ ! sick2 b x is cle>1 t ! %ort] ! illness ! few] w be ! fees1 & ! m protract$ ! att5dance ! l>g] mu/ be ! honor>ium4 ,!re is1 !n1 good reason :y ! m$ical pr(ession %\ld disc\rage too close an inve/igation into tru?4 ,b1 outside ( ?is frat]nity1 !re are _m m5 desir\s ( und]/&+ ! pr9ciples ( ! heal+ art ,_m ( ^! h begun by notic+ ! /yle ( ! doctor's education4 ,!y f9d t he is taught 9 halls1 colleges1 & s*ools1 = a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t2 & !n1 at ab\t ! age ( two-&-tw5ty1 he is exam9$ by "s exp]i5c$ m51 &1 if consid]$ compet5t1 he pays c]ta9 fees1 & is !n lic5s$ to practise z physician4 ,z all regul> doctors g ?r\gh ?is c\rse1 x is natural t all %\ld ?9k & act 9 a common way1 & /yle _! doctr9es or?odox4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t to su* op9ion ! majority adh]e ?r\gh life4 ,b x has always happ5$1 t _m m5 & wom5 h aspir$ to ! position ( m$ical pr(essors1 )\t go+ ?r\gh ! usual c>e]2 or1 hav+ done s1 !y h /ruck out a novel plan ( practice1 :i* !y designate a new me?od ( cure4 ,^! h always be5 oppos$ by ! or?odox1 & ! conte/ is c>ri$ on ) v>y+ success1 until ! g5]al public give _! v]dict on "o side or ! o!r4 ,into ! motives :i* sway ! respective combatants we w n ent]2 our *ief desire be+ to %[ t ea* set is upheld by ^? :o are designat$ laym51 ^: education has n be5 m$ical ,! mo/ intellig5t on ! het]odox side h be5 cl]gym52 & _m h be5 ! compla9ts ( or?odox doctors1 t ! p>sons %\ld patronize1 s en]getically z !y d1 m$ical diss5t]s4 ,z ! cl]k takes pleasure 9 exam9+ ! !rapeutical doctr9es ( 8 physician1 s ! m$ical pr(essor frequ5tly inquires closely into 8 cl]gyman's !ological views & feels himself at lib]ty to accept or oppose !m1 z ! cl]k adopts or attacks him & 8 !ory & practice4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be disrespectful 9 ! li/5] n to pay intellig5t he$ to ! disc\rses :i* emanate f ! pulpit4 ,i h myself li/5$ to ! prea*+ ( hundr$s ( univ]sity graduates1 & ( m5 :o nev] took a degree1 & h notic$ t ! same div]sity ( /yle exi/s among/ !m1 z is to be f\nd 9 m$ical m54 ,"s ord] a c]ta9 plan ( treatm5t = a s\l1 :i* !y ass]t to be griev\sly affect$1 & give no reason = :at !y say or d4 ,o!rs give _! motives = ev]y?+ :i* !y affirm1 & = ! plan :i* !y prescribe = cure4 ,"u ! m9i/ry ( "o ( ! la/ ,i sat = _m ye>s4 ,conspicu\s = s\nd judgm5t1 & = a peculi>ly cle> oratory1 8 s]mons 7 to me an intellectual treat4 ,f ! exordium1 =w>ds1 ,i foll[$ 8 words closely1 & lo/ none ( 8 argum5ts4 ,b ,i soon became consci\s t he nev] once c>ri$ 8 reason+ to its logical conclusion4 ,/ill fur!r1 x 0 manife/ t c]ta9 ?+s 7 by him tak5 = grant$2 & x 0 held to be culpable to inquire into ! reality ( ^? assumptions4 ,9 f9e1 x 0 evid5t1 t !re 0 a ,bluebe>d's closet 9 ! h\se ( ,god1 into :i*1 9 ! prea*]'s op9ion1 x 0 dea? to pry6 ,) ! idea :i* 0 gradually =c$ ^u my m9d1 t !re 0 a sy/ematic suppression ( ! tru? 9 ! pulpit1 ,i v c>efully se>*$ ! ,bible1 ) :i* ,i h be5 famili> f infancy1 & ^u :i*1 x is ass]t$1 all our fai? is f\nd$4 ,at ?is "t1 too1 a casual inquiry into "s anci5t cognom5s1 :i* h desc5d$ to u f remote antiquity1 induc$ me to exam9e into anci5t fai?s g5]ally4 ,) ?is became associat$ an exam9ation ( all religions1 & _! influ5ce ^u mank9d4 ,i f\nd t 9 e nation !re h be51 & /ill are1 good m5 & bad1 g5tle & brutal1 ?\ghtful & ignorant4 ,t ! be/ m5 ( ,paganism--,buddha1 = example--did n lose1 by comp>ison1 ) ! brighte/ light ( ,*ri/ianity2 & t su* l>ge cities z ,london & ,p>is1 h z mu* vice )9 !m z anci5t ,rome or mod]n ,calcutta4 ,i f\nd1 moreov]1 t !re is a culpable col\r+ 9 ! acc\nts giv5 by ,*ri/ian travell]s ( ,pagan c\ntries4 ,! cl]ical p5 re/s inv>iably & /rongly ^u ! bad po9ts ( e hea!n cult1 & contra/s !m ) ! be/ elem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i d n "k t x has ev] in/itut$ a fair comp>ison betwe5 correspond+ *>act]s 9 ea* fai?4 ,z an illu/ration ( my mean+1 let u reg>d ! /]n virtue ( ! ,roman ,lucretia1 :o committ$ suicide1 h] body hav+ be5 =cibly defil$ by ! embraces ( ano!r ?an h] husb&1 ev5 ?\gh ! ravi%] 0 a pr9ce4 ,%e _h he>d no?+ ( ! ,jewi% law or ,*ri/ian gospel1 nev]!less %e 0 f> bett] ?an ! wives ( ! nobles 9 ! c\rts ( ,l\is ! ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41 :o gladly sold !mselves & _! daught]s to ! royal le*]s4 ,^!1 unlike ! ,italian woman1 7 in/ruct$ bo? 9 ! law & ! gospel2 !y att5d$ "o place or ano!r ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip daily or weekly4 ,nay1 if report be true1 ! elde/ son ( ! ,*ur*1 :5 he visit$ ! p>c aux c]fs1 made ea* fre% virg91 victim ( 8 passion1 duly say h] pray]s be=e %e assi/$ him to commit adult]y1 & h]self p]mitt$ =nication6 ,we sympa?ize ) ,paul & ! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs 9 _! d5unciations ( ! ,romans & ,greeks = obsc5ities practis$ 9 hon\r ( _! gods2 b1 at ! same "t1 we feel sure t1 _h ^? apo/les & tea*]s liv$ 9 ! middle ages1 !y w\ld h d5\nc$1 ) great] w>m?1 ! murd]s :i* 7 con/antly be+ p]petrat$ 9 hon\r ( ,jesus4 ,9 l mann]1 we may greatly regret1 ) ! writ] ( ,psalm xiv41 t among/ ! *ildr5 ( m51 !re is none t doe? good2 no1 n "o2 b we mu/ equally b[ be=e ! /atem5t ( ,ezekiel 7*4 xxii4 #cj71 t !re 0 no m propriety among/ ! s-call$ *os5 p ( ,god1 ?an among/ ! ,g5tile ,canaanites & ,babylonians4 ,aga91 we feel pa9 :5 we f9d ! great ones ( ! e>?--aye1 & _m small ones too--seek+ out = villa9s1 will+ to commit murd] = a m$e1 & lam5t t lawgiv]s %\ld secretly enc\rage lawlessness2 b we _c =get t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is repres5t$1 9 ,john vi4 #gj1 to h select$ a devil to br+ ab\t c]ta9 ends--see also ,john xiii4 #bf1 #bg1 9 :i* ! ag5cy is well m>k$4 ,mod]n div9es tell u t w>1 tumult1 hatr$1 malice1 qu>rels ( all k9ds1 & murd] come f ! devil1 & are ! direct result ( our fall5 nature2 nev]!less1 we rememb] t ,jesus is report$ to h said--,i came n to s5d peace1 b a sword2 ,i am come to set a man at v>iance aga9/ 8 fa!r1 & ! daught] aga9/ ! "m1 c4 7,matt4 x4 #cd1 #ce74 ,:5 we in/itute comp>isons l ^!1 ! balance is n unev54 ,i f\nd1 moreov]1 t ! %>ply def9$ l9e1 commonly drawn betwe5 ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity1 is wor?less--! doctr9es ( ! latt] be+1 9 _m respects1 id5tical )1 or d$uc$ f1 ! =m]4 ,x seem$ necess>y1 !re=e1 to asc]ta9 :e!r1 9 religion1 any o!r l9e ?an ! "o 9 vogue 9 ,europe1 c\ld be drawn ) c]ta9ty4 ,! result ( my obs]vations %[$ a wond]ful simil>ity to exi/ betwe5 ! cl]ical & m$ical pr(ession2 & ,i feel t1 if my views ab\t ! cure ( s\ls & bodies 7 g5]ally adopt$1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ei!r = p>son or = doctor4 ,in/ead ( discov]+1 z ,i _h hop$ to d1 :i* ( all ! rival sects ( ,*ri/5dom is ! be/ "o1 ,i f\nd t all 7 unnecess>y1 t _m are degrad$ 9 doctr9e & bad 9 practice2 & t1 if any mu/ exi/1 ! "o :i* effects ! lea/ mis*ief %\ld be ! "o select$ = g5]al adoption4 ,x requir$ mu* c\rage to all[ myself to believe t doctors h1 tak+ ev]y?+ into consid]ation1 done m h>m 9 ! _w ?an good1 & /ill m to ann\nce my conviction t ,*ri/ianity 0 ev5 m culpable ?an m$ic9e4 ,! physician1 :5 pr(ess+ to cure1 has too (t5 assi/$ disease to kill2 & he :o has _h ! cure ( s\ls1 has inv5t$ plans to make believ]s 9 8 doctr9e mis]able4 ,! fir/ fills 8 c(f]s proportionally to ! ext5t to :i* he c protract recov]y2 ! second becomes ri* 9 proportion to ! success ) :i* he multiplies m5tal t]rors1 & !n sells repose4 ,! "o enfeebles ! body1 ! o!r cripples ! intellect1 & aggravates envy1 hatr$1 & malice4 ,bo? are equally influ5tial 9 prev5t+ man f be+ su* z we believe t ! ,almighty design$ him to be4 ,?\gh we oppose ! old plan ( m$ication ( body & m9d1 we are f> f ass]t+ t !re is no value 9 an hone/ doctor1 ei!r ( div9ity or m$ic9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i h a /rong] fai? 9 my own pr(ession1 z x has be5 re=m$1 ?an ev] ,i _h ere ! light ( good s5se _h %one ^u x2 & ,i h a f> m confid5t tru/ 9 ! religion prop\nd$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,newman1 9 ,!ism1 ?an 9 t curr5t among/ ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al ,b 9 su* s*emes ( physic & fai?1 v few m9i/]s are necess>y1 %ams f9d no place1 & emolum5ts are small ,a man :o communes ) 8 ,god requires no prie/1 m$iator1 middle-man1 or sa9t--:e!r virg91 m>tyr1 or bo?--to int]c$e = him4 ,hold+ su* op9ions z ^!1 x is n probable t ,i %all f9d _m foll[]s4 ,i d n seek !m4 ,my aim has be5 to set good /]l+ /uff be=e ! _w1 s t any "o1 ^: self-reliance is great1 may receive /r5g?4 ,!re are _m :o w\ld r die ) a physician close beside !m :5 !y are ill1 ?an live )\t a doctor2 & !re are few :o w\ld n r enjoy ! fe> ( hell ) ! or?odox1 ?an be ) h]etics free f su* t]rors--,= sure1 ! pleasure is z great 9 be+ *eat$1 z to *eat4 ,to all su* our writ+s are cavi>e4 ,yet1 ev5 to !m1 we w\ld say t we h w>rant = our belief 9 /atem5ts1 to :i* ! or?odox _c reasonably object--viz41 ,if ?\ doe/ well1 %alt ?\ n be accept$8 7,g54 iv4 #g72 ,9 e nation1 he t fe>e? ,god1 & worke? righte\sness1 is accept$ ) him 7,acts x4 #ce72 ,he t doe? righte\sness1 is righte\s 7#a ,john iii4 #g74 ,let me contra/ my own views ) ^? g5]ally curr5t among/ u4 ,i believe t ,god did n make m51 any m ?an ! bea/s1 to damn ! l>ge/ numb] ( !m ?r\gh\t et]nity4 ,i believe t all :o av] t !y h be5 select$ by ! ,creator f all ! _w besides z ! only recipi5ts ( salvation are wrong1 & deceiv]s ( ! p4 ,9 f9e1 ,i believe t ,god's t5d] m]cies are ov] all 8 works4 ,! common op9ion t ! ,almighty s revels 9 cruelty1 t ,he makes creatures to torture !m1 is a horrible "o to me--fit only to come f impot5t ,pagan prie/s4 ,t ,jehovah select$ ab\t "o million ( bad m51 out ( ab\t f\r hundr$ o!r millions equally bad1 solely because _! prog5itor1 ,abraham1 cons5t$ to murd] & burn 8 son1 is to me a frightful blasphemy2 &1 la/ly1 t ,god has no t5d] m]cies = n9e-t5?s ( ! human race1 is to conv]t our conception ( ! ,au?or ( all good into ! conv5tional ,devil4 ,! comp>ison may be summ$ up ?us3 ,i believe 9 ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( all ?+s2 ! s-call$ or?odox believe 9 ! ,god ,satan4 ,i d n "k any?+ 9 all my /udies :i* excit$ my att5tion m pa9fully ?an ! result ( ! analysis ( ,jehovah's "*1 z giv5 9 our ,bible4 ,k9d to ^? :o are said to please ,him1 ,he is a fe>ful demon to all :o are said to oppose ,him4 ,h[ c any reasonable man hold ! op9ion t ! ,devil in/igat$ all atrocities ( ! ,syrians1 ,*aldees1 ,assyrians1 ,romans1 ,turks1 ,t>t>s1 ,s>ac5s1 ,affghans1 ,mahometans1 & ,h9doos1 & believe t ! good ,god dr[n$ ! :ole _w1 & ne>ly e s+le ?+ t _h life2 t ,he ord]$ ! ext]m9ation1 n only ( ,midianites & ,amalekites1 b slaught]$1 9 "o way or ano!r1 all ! p :om he l$ out ( ,egypt--except two--m]ely because !y _h a natural fe> ( w>4 ,:at 0 ! massacre at ,cawnpore to t 9 ,j]i*o & o!r ,canaanite cities8 ,i say x ) sob] s]i\sness--9 sorr[1 n 9 ang]--z a ?9k+ man1 & n z an advocate =1 or aga9/1 any religi\s view1 t x is an awful ?+ = any nation to p]mit a book to circulate1 z a sacr$ "o1 9 :i* ,god & ! ,devil are pa9t$ 9 ! same col\rs4 ,into ?is analysis ( religion ,i 0 l$ to ent] f ! obs]vation ( a fri5d1 :o *all5g$ me to f9d1 9 any non-,hebraic or non-,*ri/ian c\ntry1 a fai? or practice equal to t curr5t among/ ! foll[]s ( ,moses & ,jesus1 or to discov] any spot 9 ! wide _w :]e !re is1 or has be51 a civilization equal to t :i* exi/$ 9 ,judea1 & ! p>ts inhabit$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is defiance1 x became m ?an ev] necess>y = me to /udy ! nature ( ! curr5t fai? & practice ( ,*ri/5dom1 & to inquire h[ f> ! latt] 0 dep5d5t ^u ! =m]--t is to say1 :e!r ! practices ( civilization are due to our religion1 or h gradually gr[n up 9 spite ( x4 ,! next po9t 0 to pay simil> he$ to ! doctr9es & mann] ( life common among/ ^? to :om our ,bible has be5 :olly unkn[n4 ,_m ( ! conclusions to :i* ,i came h already appe>$ 9 ! second volume ( ,anci5t ,fai?s1 "u ! heads ( ,religion1 ,!ology1 c42 b o!rs came ^u me :5 t book _h be5 complet$1 & ! pres5t supplem5t is design$ ) ! idea ( express+1 /ill fur!r1 ! ext5t ( my views1 & ! evid5ce ^u :i* !y are f\nd$--) special ref]5ce to ! diff]5tial value ( ,*ri/ian & un*ri/ian fai? & practice4 ,z 0 natural1 ?is involv$ ! "q con/antly be=e my m9d 9 ! prec$+ volumes--viz41 ,is !re 9 reality any?+ 9 ! ,hebrew & ! ,*ri/ian !ology ess5tially diff]5t f t promulgat$ by ! lead]s ( div9ity 9 o!r c\ntries8 ,?is po9t has repeat$ly be5 discuss$1 & among/ ! or?odox !re is no difficulty 9 all[+ ! exi/5ce ( a /rong simil>ity 9 all sy/ems ( religion2 b ! value ( ! fact is suppos$ to be r$uc$ to ridicule by ! mon/r\s ass]tion1 t ,moses & ,jesus taught all ! _w4 ,among/ ! books :i* came "u my notice1 :il/ prosecut+ my se>*1 0 a v rem>kable "o1 call$ ,! ,mod]n ,buddhi/1 n[ ,! ,:eel ( ! ,law1 :i* is an acc\nt ( ! religi\s ?\ghts ( a ,siamese mon>*1 ) a /atem5t ( 8 conv]sations ) ,*ri/ian mission>ies4 ,9 ?is ! ,briti% *ur*man & non-con=mi/ c see !mselves z o!rs see !m2 & ! ,asiatic has q z great1 p]haps ev5 a sup]ior1 "r to call ! ,european poor & b5ight$1 z ! ,*ri/ian has to call ! ,buddhi/ a mis]able ,pagan4 ,not)/&+ my endeav\rs to be p]fectly judicial1 & to give :at ,i believe to be an imp>tial acc\nt ( ! subjects :i* ,i describe1 ,i h be51 by c]ta9 critics1 accus$ ( special plead+4 ,x is1 p]haps1 unnecess>y to d5y ! *>ge1 = ea* read] mu/ judge ( my fairness1 or o!rwise1 = himself4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i retort mo/ /rongly1 by av]r+ t ,i h n met1 9 ! :ole c\rse ( my read+1 a religi\s "w by an or?odox div9e1 :i* does n be> false witness aga9/ its neighb\rs4 ,!re is 9 all bo? a suppressio v]i & a sugge/io falsi1 :i* makes ! hone/ inquir] almo/ entirely reject _! books4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re is 9 !m a recklessness ( /atem5t & ass]tion :i* is unequall$1 except 9 ! fi]ce controv]sies ( anci5t doctors4 ,! p]fect contempt :i* c]ta9 puny div9es1 :o h endeav\r$ to ?r[ dirt ^u ! pres5t ,bi%op ( ,natal1 %[ = ! laws ( evid5ce1 & ! sy/ematic way 9 :i* !y avoid e real po9t at issue1 are m>vell\s to ^? :o "k t su* p h _h an univ]sity education1 h /udi$ logic1 & pr(ess an unlimit$ respect = tru?4 ,9 future ye>s ! !ological writ+s1 g5]ally1 ( our "t w be z mu* objurgat$ by enlight5$1 e>ne/1 & ?\ghtful read]s1 z ,prote/ants ( to-day abuse ! !ology & pruri5ce ( ,san*ez1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,pet] ,d5s4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w\ld wi% to add1 t ,i am consci\s1 f ! am\nt ( correspond5ce :i* ,i h _h on ! subject 9 h&1 t !re is n only a wide1 b a con/antly ext5d+ dissatisfaction ) ! curr5t !ology taught by ! m9i/]s ( all d5om9ations--except+1 z a body1 ! ,unit>ians1 & su* individuals z ,bi%op ,col5so1 ,bi%op ,h9ds1 ,mr ,voysey1 & o!rs4 ,! laity are awak+ to ! fact t prie/s are /r5u\sly endeav\r+ to qu5* ! light ( reason 9 ! fogs ( fai?4 ,unless ! ,prote/antism1 ( :i* ,great ,brita9 0 once s pr\d1 decides to drift into ,papism--! only legitimate h>b\r = ^? :o reject reason = a guide--x mu/ ?or\ghly re=m itself1 & ru?lessly reject1 z necess>y to salvation1 e article ( belief :i* is n only nons5sical or absurd1 b :i* has unque/ionably desc5d$ f a grovell+ ,paganism4 ,to ?is end we hope t our essays w contribute4 ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,i4 ,a recapitulation4 ,de/ruction ( an old edifice prec$es ! build+ ( ano!r on ! same site4 ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral4 ,difficulties ( recon/ruction4 ,innovators are reg>d$ z enemies4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t apprais$4 ,! ,jews & _! pret5sions4 ,hebraic idea ( ,jehovah4 ,! sun & moon4 ,god & goddess4 ,importance ( sexual p]fection 9 a ,hebrew male4 ,wom5 are prizes giv5 to ! fai?ful ,jews4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ ,jewi% came f ,pagan s\rces1 except ! ,sabba?4 ,inquiry into ! ,new ,te/am5t necess>ily foll[s ^u an inve/igation ( ! ,old4 ,?\ghts ^u ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,malignancy ( its pr(essors4 ,life ( ,jesus1 by v>i\s au?ors4 ,! gr\nd preoccupi$4 ,! plan propos$4 ,9 comm5c+ ano!r volume ( a s]ies1 & "o to a great ext5t indep5d5t ( ! o!r two1 x is advisable to pause & recapitulate ! po9ts advanc$1 & ! positions atta9$4 ,?is is ! m necess>y :5 ! pres5t inquiry is a natural result ( a prec$+ "o1 & :5 an attempt is made to collect & arrange ! scatt]$ mat]ials into an h>moni\s & consi/5t edifice4 ,our volumes on ! subject ( ,anci5t ,fai?s 9 ,anci5t ,names 71 to a great ext5t1 de/ructive4 ,!y /ruck heavy bl[s 9 all directions1 :]ev] a false idol 0 to be recogniz$1 & !y de/roy$ _m a *]i%$ delusion1 :i* 0 to _m z de> z ! apple ( _! eye4 ,b1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole process ( de/ruction1 ! idea ( ! necessity = a recon/ruction 0 pres5t to ! m9d ( ! au?or4 ,x may1 inde$1 be prop\nd$ z an int]e/+ "q1 :e!r any iconocla/ ev] de/roys ! idols :i* 8 fell[-be+s *]i%1 )\t ent]ta9+ ! belief t he has some?+ sup]ior to (f] 9 _! place4 ,:5 ! fanatic ,spani>ds upset1 fractur$1 & gr\nd to p[d] ! /one mon/]s v5]at$ by ! ,mexicans1 !y (f]$ to ! natives ! image ( a lovely virg9 & h] g5tle son to replace !m2 & :5 ! en?usia/ic ,scot*m5 de/roy$ ! m>ble sa9ts & gaudy figures ( ! ,popi% *ur*es ?r\gh\t _! own c\ntry1 !y eag]ly set =? ! sup]iority ( ador+ ! invisible creator 9 _s & imag9ation1 :i* af=d$ scope = ! mo/ entranc+ m5tal del9eations1 & 0 f> sup]ior to rev]5c+ an ugly effigy1 :i* no "o ) any correct ta/e c\ld admire4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! ,mahometan ,caliph de/roy$ ! libr>y ( ,alex&ria1 he (f]$ to ! m\rn]s 9 its place ! book ( ! ,prophet ,mahomet1 :i* 01 9 8 eyes1 a pe>l ( s great price z to be equival5t 9 value to all ! _w besides4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! process ( de/ruction is f> m easy ?an ! task ( recon/ruction4 ,! eng9e] :o is call$ ^u to remove a bridge1 on acc\nt ( ! badness ( its f\ndation1 may admire ! extraord9>y firmness ) :i* e /one has be5 dovetail$ toge!r1 &1 ) ! means at 8 comm&1 may be unable to con/ruct ano!r hav+ a simil> appe>ance ( /ability2 yet1 aft] all1 an ar* :i* is secure & /able is pref]able to "o :i* is good only 9 appe>ance4 ,a v few ye>s h elaps$ s9ce x 0 f\nd t ! t[] & spire ( ! ,ca!dral at ,*i*e/] _h be5 s built t !re 0 imm95t dang] ( ! :ole fall+ d[n4 ,?is "p ( ! edifice resembl$ c]ta9 fai?s :i* h be5 rais$ ) great art to a va/ height1 ) v sl5d] & inadequate mat]ial4 ,s long z !y 7 n assail$ by any /orm1 or te/$ by ! *anges :i* "t produces1 !y seem$ firm & un%akable2 b1 :5 !y 7 really tri$1 !y began to und]go a process simil> to t :i* obta9$ 9 ! ,ca!dral nam$--! admir]s ( ! edifice attempt$ to prop up ! fail+ t[]2 ) iron & timb] !y %or$ up its bulg+ sides2 !y erect$ /rong scaffolds to ease ! mighty /ra9 ^u ! crumbl+ walls2 b all 9 va9--! lovely spire1 built ^u a f\ndation z rott5 z ! ,mormon fai?1 came tumbl+ d[n1 & ! tall emblem po9t+ to ! sky return$ once m to e>?4 ,be=e !re c\ld be any recon/ruction attempt$1 x 0 necess>y to procure all ! mat]ial necess>y2 & :51 ) great lab\r1 ?is 0 accumulat$1 a fre% erection 0 made1 :i* 0 f> /rong] ?an ! fir/1 = e /one 0 duly exam9$1 & solid masonry replac$ ! anci5t rubble4 ,s x has be5 ) _m a fai?4 ,*ri/ianity has replac$ ! crumbl+ ,judaism :i* exi/$ at ! beg9n+ ( our era1 & ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* has s9ce !n1 9 _m c\ntries1 replac$ ! gigantic %am ( ,pop]y4 ,b ! metaphor is "o :i* we _c :olly adopt1 inasmu* z we believe t no fai? ( anci5t times has ev] :olly fall5 l ! spire & t[] ( ,*i*e/]1 nor has any new sy/em ( belief ! solidity ( t new edifice :i* has replac$ ! old4 ,! difficulties connect$ ) recon/ruction are greatly increas$ by ! prop5sity :i* is s common 9 ! human m9d to make ! be/ ( t :i* is 9 actual exi/5ce & famili> to ! vulg>1 r ?an to adopt some?+ entirely new4 ,! *ild :o dislikes to g to b$ at night equally dislikes to get up 9 ! morn+1 & we h kn[n eld]ly p :o h sy/ematically pref]r$ an old lumb]+ /age-coa* to a fir/-class comp>tm5t 9 a railway c>riage4 ,9 e walk ( life an innovator is reg>d$ z an enemy by ! majority1 & especially by ^? ^: practice or ^: !ories 8 discov]ies sup]s$e4 ,yet1 great z is ! conte/ :i* any new tru? has to su/a91 !re is no d\bt :atev] t ! fir/ "p ( ! fight--! prelim9>ies ess5tial to conque/1 are ! inve/igation ( ! gr\nd to be occupi$2 ! real value ( ! def5ces2 ! sup]iority ( ! arm\r2 & ! temp]1 /r5g?1 & t5acity ( ! (f5sive weapons4 ,! eng9e] to :om is confid$ ! attack or ! def5ce ( a t[n w ab&on or de/roy ev]y?+ :i* w\ld h>b\r an enemy or facilitate 8 op]ations4 ,! fight+ commodore1 ere he c>ries 8 %ip into action1 sacrifices readily all ! gewgaws ( luxury2 & 9 l mann] ! ecclesia/ic ought nev] to endang] 8 position by sp5d+ 8 en]gies 9 ! def5ce ( a useless outwork or a t9sel ornam5t4 ,ent]ta9+ ^! views ourselves1 our fir/ ef=t has be5 to cle> ! gr\nd1 & to remove e object :i* we consid] to be detrim5tal to ! spread ( tru?4 ,we h demon/rat$1 z f> z su* a matt] is capable ( demon/ration1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* has desc5d$ to u f ! ,jews1 is n ! m9e ( tru? :i* x has be5 suppos$ by s _m to be3 t n only x is n a revelation giv5 by ,god to man1 b t x is f\nd$ ^u ideas ( ! ,almighty :i* are contradict$ by ! :ole ( animate & inanimate nature4 ,we %[$1 t its composition 0 :olly ( human orig91 & t its au?ors _h a v mean & degrad+ notion ( ! ,"l ( ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,we prov$1 :at inde$ ,col5so & a ho/ ( ,g]man critics h demon/rat$ 9 ano!r fa%ion1 t its hi/orical portions are n to be dep5d$ ^u2 t its /ories are ( no m real value ?an s _m fairy tales or national leg5ds2 t its my?s c n[ be readily trac$ to ,grecian1 ,babylonian1 & ,p]sian s\rces2 t its miracles are z apocryphal z ^? told ( ,vi%nu1 ,siva1 & o!r deities2 & its prophecies absolutely wor?less4 ,we prov$1 moreov]1 t ! remote antiquity ( its au?or%ip has be5 greatly exagg]at$2 t ! /ories ( ! creation1 ( ! flood1 ( ,abraham1 ( ,jacob1 ( ! desc5t into1 & ! exodus f1 ,egypt1 ( ! c>e] ( ,moses & ! ,jews 9 ! des]t1 ( ,jo%ua & 8 soldi]s1 ( ! judges & _! cli5ts1 are all apocryphal1 & 7 fabricat$ at a late p]iod ( ,jewi% hi/ory1 ) ! design ( inspirit+ ! ,hebrews at a p]iod :5 _! depression ( _s f =eign conque/ 0 extreme2 t ! s-call$ ,mosaic laws 7 n kn[n until long aft] ! "t ( ,david1 & t "s ( ! enactm5ts--t ab\t ! ,jubilee1 = example--7 nev] promulgat$ at all4 ,we %[$ t ! ,jewi% conception ( ! ,almighty1 & ( ,8 heav5ly ho/1 did n mat]ially diff] f ! ,greek idea ( ,jupit] & 8 inf]ior deities2 t ! ,hebrews reg>d$ ,jehovah z hav+ human passions & v human fail+s--z lov+1 rev5geful1 /]n1 m]ry1 & vacillat+--z ev]y?+ by turns & no?+ long--z =m+ a resolution1 & !n contriv+ h[ ,he might1 z x 71 ov]rea* ,himself4 ,we po9t$ out t ! ,jews did1 9 reality1 pa9t ,god & ! ,devil or ,satan1 z ! same individual1 be+ ! =m] to ,8 fri5ds1 & ! latt] to ,8 enemies4 ,inde$1 anyone :o comp>es #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #a ) #a ,*ron4 xxi4 #a w see ?is mo/ cle>ly demon/rat$4 ,we call$ att5tion to ! app>5tly utt] ignorance ( ! ,jews t c]ta9 laws ( nature exi/$1 & ( _! consequ5t belief t defeat1 disease1 fam9e1 slaught]1 pe/il5ce1 & ! l1 7 direct puni%m5ts ( c]emonial or o!r guilt2 :ile victory1 weal?1 virility1 & old age 7 special & decid$ pro(s ( ! ,div9e fav\r4 ,we %[$ t ! ,jews 71 9 g5]al1 an abject b a v boa/ful race1 & t _! spiritual guides--! s-call$ prophets--7 con/antly promis+1 b always va9ly1 a /rik+ manife/ation ( ! ,almighty's p[] 9 fav\r ( ! ,hebrews :5 !y 7 9 ! dep?s ( mis]y1 t hi/ories 7 fabricat$ to give col\r to ^! /atem5ts1 & t ^!1 l mod]n miracles ( sa9ts1 7 n>rat$ z occurr+ a long "t ago1 & 9 a locality :i* c\ld n be visit$1 e4g41 9 ,sam>ia & ,egypt2 we %[$1 moreov]1 t ! race 0 imitative1 & readily adopt$ ! religi\s ideas & practices ( ^? :o conqu]$ !m4 ,/ill fur!r1 we prov$ t ! ,jews _h no idea :atev] ( a future /ate1 & 7 9 utt] ignorance ( heav5 or hell2 t !y reg>d$ ! ,almighty z puni%+ crime or rew>d+ goodness 9 ?is _w alone1 &1 consequ5tly1 we inf]r$ ei!r--7#a7 t ! conv]sation said to h be5 held betwe5 ,jehovah & c]ta9 apocryphal m5 did n really occur2 or 7#b7 t ,god did n ?9k ! exi/5ce ( a future _w a matt] ( suffici5t consequ5ce to communicate to ,8 fri5ds2 or 7#c7 t ,elohim _h n !n creat$ ei!r a habitation = ! bless$1 or a future prison-h\se = ! damn$2 & we po9t$ out t ! op9ions ( ! ,ph>isees ab\t angels1 spirits1 & futurity 7 n bas$ ^u ! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets1 b ^u ,p]sian fantasies4 ,9 f9e1 we %[$1 t ! ,hebrews c\ld n su/a9 ! claim !y made to be ! especial p ( ,god1 & t _! writ+s are ( no m value1 z records ( absolute tru?1 or ( ,div9e revelation1 ?an ! books ( ! ,greeks1 ,p]sians1 ,egyptians1 ,h9doos1 ,*9ese1 or ! m mod]n ,mahometans4 ,) all ?is we indicat$ t !re 01 ?r\gh\t ! nations kn[n z ,%emitic1 a g5]al belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( an ,almighty ,be+1 ,creator1 ,director & ,gov]nor ( ! heav51 ! e>?1 & ! sea2 t ,he 0 consid]$ to be ,"o1 yet t ,he 01 nev]!less1 repres5t$ by a multiplicity ( names1 & z hav+ _m & opposite attributes4 ,we also %[$1 t ?is sublime conception 0 v ?ickly coat$ ) human ideas1 (t5 ( a debas$ & grovell+ type1 & d>k5$ by leg5ds1 :i* 7 inv5t$ by prie/s ) ! design ( clo?+ !mselves1 & ^? ( _! ord]1 ) a portion ( ! g>m5ts :i* !y _h assign$ to ! ,inscrutable4 ,we %[$1 h[ ! sun & moon1 ! />s & planets1 became int]wov5 ) ! idea ( a ,cele/ial ,be+1 & h[ !y 7 describ$ 9 turn z ,8 m9i/]s1 ,8 resid5ce1 ,8 army1 & sometimes ev5 z ,himself4 ,we %[$1 moreov]1 t ! ,almighty 0 depict$ by "s z a male1 hav+ ! attributes & passions ( m51 by o!rs z a female1 or cele/ial goddess1 & by o!rs z &rogyne--n exactly a bifrons1 l ,janus1 b mascul9e & fem99e1 ,elohim1 ,baalim1 ,a%t>o?2 t 9 ! developm5t ( ?is idea1 ev]y?+ :i* has ref]5ce to ! ph5om5a ( mundane creation 0 closely /udi$1 & introduc$ into "o religi\s sy/em or ano!r4 ,z a result ( ?is1 x foll[$1 t !re 7 "s sects & temples consecrat$ to ! adoration ( ! ,creator z mascul9e1 o!rs z fem99e1 & o!rs z bo? comb9$4 ,we %[$ /ill f>!r1 t ea* sect adopt$ c]ta9 emblems1 :i* 7 int5d$ to repres5t ! di/9ctive m>k ( ! sex "u :i* x wor%ipp$ ! ,omnipot5t1 & t ! emblems became multipli$ z diff]5t nations came into contact ) ea* o!r1 le>n$ =eign !ology1 & advanc$ 9 _! k ( natural hi/ory4 ,to su* an ext5t 0 ?is symbolism1 to :i* we ref]1 c>ri$1 t ! sexual idea ( ! ,creator at la/ p]vad$1 to a great] or less degree1 all =ms ( wor%ip1 & gradually degrad$ !m deep] & deep]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! emblems ( ! deity be+ mi/ak5 = ! deity itself1 mu* 9 ! same way z ! vulg>1 among/ ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 reg>d a /atuette or picture ( ! ,virg91 or an ,a%antee a p>ticul> =m ( idol feti%4 ,z an example ( su* developm5t1 we po9t$ out t ! ,assyrians repres5t$ ! ,godhead z f\r-fold1 consi/+ ( ! triple male & ! s+le female elem5t 9 mundane creation1 & t ! idea ( ! tr9ity 9 unity1 :i* is a doctr9e recogniz$ z f> back among/ all nations z hi/ory w c>ry u1 0 orig9ally f\nd$ solely ^u ! well-kn[n fact t ! *>act]i/ic ( ! male is a triad1 ( :i* all ! p>ts are really1 & 9 no my/]i\s mann]1 co-et]nal toge!r & co-equal4 ,we also %[$ t ! fem99e idea ( ! ,creator has1 f "t immemorial1 be5 associat$1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 ) t ( a lovely virg9 hold+ a *ild 9 h] arms1 :i* is g5]ally v "y1 & mo/ly receiv+ food f a mat]nal bosom1 ! reason ( :i* we h9t$ at4 ,we %[$ t ! my?s ( ,adam & ,eve1 ,abraham & ,s>ai1 ,esau & ,jacob1 7 incorporations ( ! idea t ! tr9ity & ! unity1 or1 to use ! v words ( ! ,a?anasian cre$1 ! tr9ity 9 unity1 7 ! f\nd]s ( ! race ( liv+ be+s1 &1 z su*1 wor?y ( wor%ip & hon\r ?r\gh\t all ages4 ,?is union 0 spok5 ( z ! f\r1 & 0 symboliz$ z a squ>e or a cross ( f\r po9ts1 or a cross ( eight po9ts4 ,we %[$1 /ill f>!r1 t ! male ,creator 0 id5tifi$ ) ! sun1 & ! female ) ! cresc5t moon1 & also ) ! e>?2 & t "o ( ! symbols ( ?is cele/ial union ( ! sexes 0 ! sun ly+ )9 ! moon's cresc5t4 ,we also demon/rat$1 t a v l>ge "p ( ,pagan wor%ip consi/$ 9 ! p]=mance ( rites & c]emonies1 ^: end 0 ! glorification ( ! deity "u "o or o!r ( ! select$ symbols1 & t a numb] ( fea/s 7 appo9t$ to be held at c]ta9 a/ronomical p]iods1 9 :i* ! assi/ants 7 enc\rag$ to indulge 9 e =m ( s5suality 7,deut4 xiv4 #bf74 ,we po9t$ out1 t ! ,jewi% p 7 l>gely ta9t$ by ?is vici\s =m ( wor%ip prior to ! ,babylonian captivity1 & t a v l>ge portion ( _! nom5clature 0 bas$ ^u sexual ideas ( ! ,creator4 ,we also %[$1 t ! ,jewi% writ+s enc\rag$ c]ta9 =ms ( s5suality 9 a conspicu\s mann]2 t ! condition ( ! male organ 0 repres5t$ z be+ ( su* importance z to be ! gr\nd "w ( ! cov5ant betwe5 ,god & ! ,hebrews1 x be+ decl>$ 7,g54 xvii4 #ad71 z if by ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 t no man 0 to be all[$ to live ^: organ _h n be5 improv$ 9 a def9ite mann]1 i4e41 by circumcision or excision ( ! prepuce1 & t no man 0 to be admitt$ into ! congregation ( ! fai?ful ^: *>act]i/ic male organs _h 9 any way be5 injur$ or remov$4 ,deut]onomy xxiii4 #a is conclusive ^u ?is po9t1 & !re is no ambiguity 9 ! words ( ! decree4 ,we po9t$ out1 also1 t n only 0 abundance ( (fspr+ promis$ to ! fai?ful z a pro( ( ,god's reg>d to !m1 b t ! laws1 said to be deliv]$ by ,jehovah to ,moses1 positively provid$ 7see ,deut4 xxi4 #aj-ad7 ! means by :i* ! h>ems ( ! weal?y c\ld be /ock$ 9 times ( w>1 & by :i* ev5 ! poor might also be indulg$1 9 or ab\t ! prec9cts ( ! temple1 :]e slave & =eign wom5 7 kept = ! purpose 7,numb4 xxxi4 #dj74 ,we po9t$ out t ! natural result ( ?is lic5s$ debau*]y 0 a great increase 9 ! population1 :i* 0 s mu* 9 excess ( ! capacity ( ! l& to su/a9 !m1 t x 0 necess>y to *eck ! numb] ( adult m\?s by conniv+ at infanticide1 z 0 done 9 ,rajpootana up to a rec5t p]iod1 & is said to be done 9 ,*9a n[4 ,x is cle>1 f ! d5unciations by ! prophets ( ! vil5ess ( ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem1 & ! impot5t laws :i* 7 introduc$ into ! s-call$ ,mosaic code1 t ! ,hebrew family 0 to ! full z bad & vile z 7 ! nations ar\nd !m4 ,we fur!r %[$ t !re 0 a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! ?\ghts1 ! doctr9es1 ! laws1 ! k1 ! writ+s1 & ! =m ( wor%ip among/ ! ,jews aft] !y _h come into contact ) ! ,babylonians1 ,p]sians1 & ,greeks2 & we adv]t$ to ! fact t ! laws ( ! ,p]sians1 & ^? ( him1 :om we w\ld designate ! fictiti\s ,moses1 7 rem>kably simil>2 & we %[$ t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* is1 by ! majority ( ,*ri/ians1 deem$ to be ( ,div9e orig91 _h be5 d]iv$ f or ?r\gh "o or o!r ( ! s\rces :i* we h nam$1 & :i* we call ,pagan4 ,f ?is we d$uc$ ! important coroll>y1 ei!r t ! s-call$ revelation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is a %am1 a prie/ly fabrication1 & :at is kn[n z a pi\s fraud1 or t x 0 n made orig9ally to ! ,hebrews4 ,9 nei!r case c ! ,jews e/abli% a title to be ! *os5 p ( ,god 9 any s5se ( ! words4 ,if ! ,bible is true1 ! ,g5tiles h spiritual prec$5ce ov] ! ,hebrews1 & ! ,pagans h ! pas ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,?is d$uction enabl$ u to recognize ! importance ( an ext5d$ inquiry into ! fai?1 religion1 & practice ( o!r nations1 be=e we assume ourselves to be 9 a position to appreciate ! claims :i* "o human be+1 or any body ( m51 might make to be ! repres5tatives ( ! ,almighty1 ! sole recipi5ts ( ,8 comm&s1 & ! only m$ium by :i* pray]s c be =w>d$ to ,him4 ,aga91 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 & a /udy ( ! pres5t1 enabl$ u to see t ! f\ndation ( a new religion1 or ! modification ( an old "o1 did n de/roy anci5t practices1 ?\gh x transf]r$ prie/ly p[] to a new set ( m51 :o1 :ile !y introduc$ new gods & new dogmas1 endeav\r$ to incorporate ! old] ideas ) new1 s z to s$uce or *eat ! vulg>1 :om x 0 n judici\s to slaught]1 into adopt+ ! new fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 we are able to und]/& h[ indec5t ideas1 sexual emblems1 & ,pagan fe/ivals1 ) _m ( ! lic5ti\s practices associat$ !re)1 h be5 h&$ d[n f a remote idolatry to a mod]n & comp>atively enlight5$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! symbols ( ! objectionable /ill rema91 b ! ?+s symboliz$ h be5 alt]$1 & ! orig9al ideas suppress$4 ,! male triad is a holy tr9ity2 ! monad is no long] ! emblem ( womank9d1 b ( ! s-call$ ,"m ( ,god1 or1 z ! ,romani/s say1 ( ! ,mat] ,creatoris4 ,b ) ?is k comes ! v important consid]ation1 h[ f> ,*ri/ian ideas1 :i* are f\nd$ ^u ,pagan fancies1 c be reg>d$ z ,div9e4 ,?is1 aga91 involves ! "q1 h[ f> ,jesus1 :o _h n p5etration en\gh to discov] ! true nature ( ! writ+s to :i* he tru/$1 c be consid]$ z an inc>nation ( ,div9e k1 or ( unb\nd$ wisdom4 ,/ill fur!r1 x became cle>1 aft] our argum5ts1 t if ! /ories ( ! creation ( man1 ! fall ( ,adam1 ! life ( ,noah1 ( ,abraham1 ( ,moses1 ! tale ( ,s9ai1 & ! supremacy ( ,judah1 are my?ical--if ! prophetic writ+s are z wor?less z ! oracles ( ,dodona & ( ,delphi--!n all !ories1 dogmas1 & doctr9es f\nd$ ^u !m mu/ be equally valueless4 ,9 pursuance ( my subject1 ,i po9t$ out t !re 0 n a nation kn[n to hi/ory :i* _h n its god or gods1 a sacr$ prie/hood1 a set ( prophets1 ei!r locat$ 9 "o spot1 or appe>+ z indep5d5t vatic9ators1 a numb] ( holy fe/ivals1 ( hall[$ %r9es1 ( my/]i\s temples1 & an inn] & recondite arcanum into :i* ! pr(ane 7 n p]mitt$ to ent]4 ,i %[$ t o!r nations besides ! ,jews _h a sacr$ ark :i* 0 an emblem ( a div9ity2 t ! use ( sacrifices 0 common to e nation ( antiquity2 & t su* ?+s _h exi/$ 9 ,h9do/an f "t immemorial4 ,i po9t$ out1 t !re 0 no s+le precept or ord] conta9$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,ritual :i* c\ld n be f\nd among/ all o!r p1 ) ! sole exception ( ! ,sabba?2 & t ! respect = ?is v /range law 0 due to ! ignorance ( ! ,hebrews1 :o reg>d$ ,saturn z ! mo/ high among/ ! gods--in=mation ga9$ f ! ,babylonians4 ,?us1 an inve/igation into ! nature & importance ( ,anci5t ,fai?s becomes a necess>y prelude to1 or1 r1 is unavoidably foll[$ by1 an inquiry into ! beliefs1 doctr9es1 & practices curr5t 9 ,*ri/5dom g5]ally1 & 9 ,great ,brita9 p>ticul>ly4 ,yet1 ?\gh ,i 0 ins5sibly driv5 =w>ds to complete ! task :i* ,i began1 )\t hav+ any def9ite notion ( ! am\nt ( lab\r ,i %\ld h to und]go1 ,i passively resi/$ = a long "t ! conclusions to :i* ,i 0 drawn1 feel+ myself unwill+1 almo/1 inde$1 unable1 to und]take an exam9ation :i* might %ake my fai? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z x _h be5 %ak5 9 ! ,old4 ,l _m o!rs ( a ?\ghtful turn ( m9d1 ,i c\ld see1 )\t v /rong regret1 ! ,jewi% writ+s consign$ to _! appropriate ni*e 9 ! libr>y ( ! _w2 b ,i %unn$ ! ef=t requir$ to take d[n ! books ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les & weigh !m 9 ! imp>tial balance ( critical tru?4 ,nev]!less1 z my "w on ,anci5t ,fai?s progress$1 ,i became pa9fully consci\s t ,i mu/ plead guilty to ! *>ge ( m5tal c[>dice if ,i %irk$ ! duty ( exam9+ ! ,new1 z ,i _h inve/igat$ ! ,old1 ,te/am5t4 ,b :5 ! resolution to inve/igate mod]n fai? 0 at l5g? =m$1 ! difficulties surr\nd+ ! subject became app>5t4 ,! hi/ory ( mod]n fai? is1 to a great ext5t1 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity mu/ />t f a hi/ory ( ,jesus & 8 apo/les--,paul1 ,pet]1 ,james1 ,john1 & ,jude1 z giv5 9 ! ,epi/les & ,gospels includ$ 9 ! canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,to cope ) any "o ( ^! hi/ories z !y des]ve to be h&l$ w\ld involve ! "w ( a lifetime1 & = "o man to exhau/ ! :ole seem$ to me an impossibility4 ,!re 01 9 addition to ?is1 ano!r consid]ation :i* complicat$ my difficulty /ill f>!r1 viz41 ! fact t !re 7 already1 writt5 hi/ories ( ! nature ( ^? allud$ to1 & t x w\ld be useless to multiply !m4 ,x is a ?ankless task to pursue ! curr5t ( ! ,*ri/ian religion ?r\gh ! d>k sc5es :i* %r\d$ x1 f ! "t :5 x 0 adopt$ by a few unle>n$ & ignorant m51 until x em]g$ z a p[] able to %ake empires--f ! p]iod :]e9 its pr(essors 7 burn$ & o!rwise tortur$ to dea?1 to ! days :5 _! own ,*ri/ian successors rack$1 roa/$1 & torm5t$ _! oppon5ts1 ) a malignancy & cruelty z great z t :i* !y !mselves _h execrat$ :5 practis$ ^u _! pr$ecessors4 ,f ! mom5t t ,*ri/ianity became a political p[]1 its hi/ory resembl$ t ( any tyrant or o!r rul]1 & x is fill$ ) misrepres5tation1 ly+1 fraud1 ! records ( fight+ & slaught]1 ( brutal passions1 frightful laws1 & horrible puni%m5ts2 9 fact1 ! record ( political ,*ri/ianity is t ( a ,devil 9 %eep's clo?+4 ,ev5 ,calv91 "o ( our *]i%$ re=m]s1 burnt ano!r ,prote/ant almo/ 9 ! same ye> z ! ,papi/s burnt ,ridley & ,latim]4 ,! ,engli% ,episcopalians 9 ,scotl&1 & ! ,cromwellian ,puritans 9 ,irel&1 %[$ m ( ! rav5+ wolf 9 _! actions ?an ( ! amiable %eph]d1 :o g5tly leads ! weak ones ( 8 flock4 ,9 fact1 ! m l\d ! proclamation ( a pure ,*ri/ianity1 ! m devili% is ! practice ( its h]alds4 ,:5 ,i turn$ to ! consid]ation ( ! life ( ,jesus1 x 0 cle> t ! gr\nd 0 already fully occupi$4 ,9 #agii a ,mr ,h\/on publi%$ a "w entitl$ ,ecce ,homo2 or1 a ,critical ,inquiry into ! ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 be+ an ,analysis ( ! ,gospels1 a second edition ( :i* 0 made public f\rte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 &1 z a result1 its publi%] 7,d4 ,j4 ,eaton7 0 prosecut$1 & su* ( ! impressions z c\ld be collect$ 7 publicly burn$ 9 ,/4 ,george's ,fields1 ,london1 by ! common hangman1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to /rangle tru? z well z murd]]s4 ,?is book1 :i* is little kn[n to mod]n read]s1 is /rictly :at x pr(esses to be--a critical inquiry into ! hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & x may1 to a great ext5t1 be consid]$ z ! prog5itor ( m mod]n treatises4 ,x does n mat]ially diff] f ! ,ecce ,homo ( to-day1 or f ! o!r works :i* we %all "n1 except 9 its /yle & composition4 ,hav+ be5 writt5 :5 all 7 9 ! habit ( express+ _! views 9 /rong language1 & :5 oppon5ts 7 abus$ 9 t]ms ( co>se invective1 ! au?or has express$ himself 9 a mann] calculat$ to (f5d r ?an to conv9ce1 & to /ir up ang] r ?an to enc\rage ?\ght4 ,yet 8 argum5ts are unansw]able1 & 8 d$uctions unimpea*able1 by ^? :o "k ! value ( evid5ce & ex]cise _! p[] ( ratioc9ation4 ,i h be5 unable to f9d t any "w 0 writt5 9 refutation ( ! au?or's views1 & ! only opposition to x 0 f ! usual ag5t ( ! weak-m9d$1 b /rong-bodi$--p]secution4 ,9 m rec5t times1 & )9 a v %ort p]iod ( ea* o!r--s %ort1 inde$1 t we may say t ! books 7 compos$ simultane\sly 9 ,h9do/an1 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,engl&--!re h appe>$ ,a ,voice f ! ,ganges1 ,/rauss' ,new ,life ( ,jesus1 ,k5an's ,life ( ,jesus1 ,! ,engli% ,life ( ,jesus1 by ,mr ,?omas ,scott1 ( ,norwood1 a second ,ecce ,homo1 f a mod]n ,pr(essor1 & ,! ,prophet ( ,naz>e?1 by ,ow5 ,m]$i?499 ,9 ^! volumes1 ! hi/orical value ( ! ,gospel n>ratives closely & critically exam9$1 & a j appreciation ( ! "*1 prea*+1 & practice ( ! ,prophet ( ,naz>e? are hone/ly s\ght aft]1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( imp>tial read]s1 !y mu/ be held to h be5 atta9$4 ,?r\gh\t ! s]ies :i* we h m5tion$ no?+ t is capable ( demon/ration1 or ( approximate pro(1 is tak5 = grant$4 ,! s*ol>%ip ( ! critical philosoph] ev]y:]e ov]be>s ! prejudice ( ! ,*ri/ian bigot4 ,s9ce ! appe>ance ( ^! ano!r au?or has treat$ ^u ! same subject1 b only cursorily1 & z be>+ ^u o!r matt]s1 9 a "w entitl$ ,! ,book ( ,god2 or1 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,adam ,oannes1 :i* 0 publi%$ anonym\sly1 #ahfh4 99 ,:il/ ?is %eet 0 9 ! pr9t]'s h&s1 a mo/ rem>kable book 0 publi%$ anonym\sly1 entitl$1 ,sup]natural ,religion1 9 two volumes4 ,9 x !re is a mo/ s*ol>ly acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ+s1 "o :i* e ?\ghtful p]son %\ld p]use4 ,betwe5 ! publication ( ! fir/ ,ecce ,homo & ! second1 viz41 9 #ahcf1 !re 0 pr9t$1 = private circulation1 a v rem>kable "w1 entitl$ ,anacalypsis2 or1 an ,attempt to draw aside ! ,veil ( ! ,saitic ,isis1 by ,godfrey ,higg9s4 ,8 two volumes are replete ) le>n+1 & ) d$uctions m />tl+ ?an any :i* _h appe>$ prior to 8 own "t2 b ! subject matt] is s badly arrang$1 t x is ) v great difficulty t ! tra9s ( ?\ght :i* occupi$ ! au?or's m9d c be dis-4 cov]$4 ,8 ma9 idea is1 t v ne>ly ev]y?+ 9 religion :i* appe>s to be my?ical or my/]i\s enfolds c]ta9 a/ronomical facts--su* z ! precession ( equ9oxes1 ! duration ( cycles ( "t--su* z are necess>y to reproduce exactly a concordance betwe5 c]ta9 t]re/rial & cele/ial ph5om5a4 ,) ?is !ory he int]weaves an amaz+ numb] ( facts :i* seem to fav\r ! op9ion enunciat$ 9 ! book ( ,ecclesia/es--i4e41 t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun4 ,he %[s t ! idea ( inc>nations1 ! bir? ( a heav5ly *ild f a pure virg91 & a v>iety ( s-call$ ,*ri/ian dogmas1 h exi/$ 9 e age ( :i* we h hi/orical acc\nts4 ,he gives a vivid sket* ( ! nature ( ,*ri/ianity & its progress f c5tury to c5tury1 & he expresses himself respect+ its mod]n developm5ts mu* 9 ! same /ra91 ?\gh 9 a f> m g5tlemanlike /yle1 z did 8 contempor>y1 ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,taylor1 to :om 0 giv51 or :o assum$ = himself1 ! title ( ! ,devil's *apla94 ,9 ! e/imation ( "s ( ^! writ]s1 ,jesus1 ! son ( ,m>y1 is q z my?ical a be+ z ,h]cules1 ! son ( ,alcm5a4 ,?is view has be5 m rec5tly adopt$ by "s free?9k]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,! ma9 support on :i* su* individuals rely is ! fact t !re is no m5tion ( ,jesus by any contempor>y hi/orian2 & t1 al?\gh !re are extant ,jewi% records ( curr5t hi/ory1 at ! "t 9 :i* ,*ri/ is said to h liv$1 !y make no m5tion ( him :o is n[ call$ ! ,savi\r & ( 8 wond]ful hi/ory4 ,x is po9t$ out t ! hi/ories ( ! ,gospels came out ) m>vell\s rapidity1 f ,alex&ria1 ab\t ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury1 at a "t :5 all contempor>ies ( ,jesus 7 dead4 ,to ?is "w ( ,higg9s x is probable t we %all h repeat$ly to ref]1 = 8 language is frequ5tly s =cible t x _c be improv$1 &1 moreov]1 he v (t5 quotes f books1 copies ( :i* ,i h be5 unable to obta94 ,:5 ,i f\nd t ! gr\nd :i* ,i int5d$ to occupy _h already be5 s well & s ably cultivat$1 x occurr$ to me t x w\ld be advisable to take a wid] flight ?an 0 orig9ally contemplat$1 &1 in/ead ( exam9+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? alone1 to associate ) x an acc\nt ( ! fai?s ( ^? nations ( :om we h "s k4 ,by ?is means x appe>$ to me1 t we %\ld be enabl$ to see cle>ly1 h[ f> ! curr5t belief & practice ( ,*ri/5dom diff]s f ! doctr9es & practices ( ^? to :om ,*ri/ianity c\ld nev]1 by any possibility1 h come1 & we c exam9e1 incid5tally1 into ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 & comp>e !m ) t ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ,sakya ,muni1 or ,buddha4 ,we may also inve/igate imp>tially su* doctr9es z ! immaculate conception1 & ! exi/5ce ( angels4 ,:5 treat+1 h[ev]1 a subject l ! religions ( ! anci5t & mod]n _w1 x is difficult to frame ! hi/ory s z to br+ out ! sali5t po9ts1 9 a mann] satisfactory to ! read] or to ! writ]4 ,! latt] is tempt$ to beg91 z he believes1 at ! beg9n+1 & to trace ! developm5t ( religi\s ?\ght f its simple/ expression up to its highe/ aspiration4 ,?is temptation becomes all ! /rong] if1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udy1 he has inve/igat$ ! animal & vegetable creations4 ,9 ^? va/ k+doms he sees t ! philosoph] is able to lead 8 disciples onw>ds f ! m9ute monad1 or ! simple/ mass ( matt]1 to ! gigantic ma/odon1 )\t any v conspicu\s flaw or break 9 cont9uity2 b1 on closely obs]v+ 8 me?od ( proce$+1 ! /ud5t f9ds t l9ks :i* connect g5]a or species toge!r are f\nd 9 c\ntries s wide ap>t1 t no direct communication c be suppos$ betwe5 ! "o type & ! o!r4 ,?us ! gap betwe5 mammals & birds is said to be fill$ by ! orni?orhyn*us p>adoxus1 an animal liv+ 9 a va/ isl&1 9 :i* sc>cely "o quadrup$ mammalian is kn[n to h exi/$1 & :]e ! aborig9al birds =m a class peculi> to ,au/ralia1 & h no resemblance to ! creature ref]r$ to4 ,yet1 ?\gh ! temptation is great1 & al?\gh we feel ju/ifi$ 9 reason+ f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n1 & 9 supply+ miss+ l9ks f analogy1 or f our own imag9ation1 /ill1 we consid] t x w be our be/ plan to conf9e ourselves1 z f> z possible1 to t :i* is writt51 & to describe fir/1 ! religi\s ideas & practices ( "s s-call$ savages2 secondly1 ! ideas & practices ( "s anci5t races1 ^: hi/ories1 m or less p]fect1 h come d[n to u1 ) a view to asc]ta9 :e!r !re is any?+ ess5tially good 9 mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 ei!r 9 fai? or practice1 :i* is peculi> to t =m ( religion1 or :e!r almo/ ! same /yle ( tea*+ may n be f\nd to h be5 common 9 ! remote ,ea/1 at a p]iod "s c5turies prior to ! bir? ( ,jesus4 ,z we h inve/igat$ ! subjects ( ,s91 ,salvation1 ,pray]1 ,inspiration1 c41 x is unnecess>y to ref] to !m aga94 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,travell]s' tales n to be tru/$4 ,prejudice p]v]ts facts4 ,! ,esquimaux4 ,cause ( rev]5ce = p>5ts4 ,! ,r$ ,indian 9 ! pres5ce ( immigration is a moral murd]]4 ,inquiry into ,indian religion4 ,o4 ,,kee4 ,,pa4 ,indian rev]5ce = ph5om5a ( nature4 ,ru9s ( a pa/ civilization 9 ,am]ica4 ,cairns & human sacrifices4 ,manufactur$ goods4 ,bronze 9 ,yucatan4 ,resemblance betwe5 ! anci5t ,am]ican p & c]ta9 ,ori5tals4 ,abbe ,dom5e*'s travels4 ,sacrifice at obsequies1 idea involv$ !reby4 ,scy?ian proce$+s4 ,mexico & its !ology4 ,two diff]5t conceptions ( deity4 ,! ,unity subdivid$ by ,mexicans1 ,jews1 & ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,god ( w> & ! ,"l ( ,ho/s4 ,! ,god ( air a deity 9 ,mexico1 a devil 9 ,judea or ,ephesus4 ,mexican baptismal reg5]ation4 ,resemblances betwe5 ! ,occid5tal & ,ori5tal p 9 _m curi\s doctr9es4 ,p>ticul>s4 ,mexican ,heav51 ,hell1 & ,limbo4 ,mexican baptism & pray]s4 ,prie/s & _! duties4 ,a p>allel4 ,romani/s & ,mexicans4 ,confession4 ,expiation4 ,human sacrifice to obta9 p>don ( s94 ,a comp>ison sugge/$4 ,mexican education4 ,purity ( life 9 ! ,mexican prie/esses4 ,fa!r ,aco/a's op9ion !reon4 ,t>t>y1 ,rome1 & ,mexico h some?+ common 9 culture4 ,education ( y\?4 ,policy ( ! prie/hood4 ,reflections !reupon4 ,teocallis or h\ses ( ,god4 ,wor%ip4 ,fe/ivals4 ,human sacrifice4 ,no sexual deities or rites4 ,"q ( cr$ibility--,god & ! ,devil act alike6 ,aztecs & ,europeans comp>$4 ,*ri/ians h (f]$ human sacrifice f ! "t ( ,pet] d[nw>ds4 ,transub/antiation is a cannibal doctr9e4 ,*ri/ian gods 9 ,mexico z bad z ! ,aztec deities4 ,hi/ory ( ,p]u4 ,! policy ( its rul]s4 ,roads & magaz9es4 ,nature ( its gov]nm5t ,gov]nors 7 in/ruct$ 9 _! duties4 ,civil s]vice exam9ation4 ,inauguration ( y\?s into hon\rable manhood4 ,travell+ compulsory 9 rul]s4 ,po/al sy/em--division ( ! p --local magi/rates--law spe$y4 ,code ( law4 ,puni%m5t )\t torture4 ,p]uvians & inquisitors4 ,reports requir$ ( l&s & families4 ,regi/] ( bir?s1 c4 ,rapidity ( communication4 ,plund] n p]mitt$4 ,peace ! motive = w>4 ,! vanqui%$ incorporat$ ) ! victors4 ,a pat]nal gov]nm5t4 ,p]uvian religion4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 political in/itutions & prie/craft4 ,p]uvian sun god4 ,an invisible ,god recognis$4 ,prie/s4 ,et]nal life4 ,heav5 & ,hell4 ,temple ( ! sun magnific5t4 ,gold5 ornam5ts4 ,huge urns ( silv]4 ,numb] ( prie/s4 ,fe/ivals4 ,cannibalism n p]mitt$4 ,fire made f rays ( sun & concave mirror1 or by friction4 ,virg9s ( ! sun4 ,concub9es ( ! ,inca4 ,matrimony4 ,reflexions4 ,:5 ! philosoph] reads ov] ! hi/ories :i* adv5tur\s travell]s1 or ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 h giv5 ( ! religions ( ! savage1 or unciviliz$1 p :om !y h visit$1 he feels pa9fully consci\s t ! acc\nts are n implicitly to be reli$ ^u4 ,9 "s he recognizes ! fact t communications only take place betwe5 ! "o p>ty & ! o!r by signs1 :i* n only may be1 b v g5]ally are1 mis9t]pret$ on bo? sides2 9 o!rs he is able to see1 or1 at lea/1 he comes to ! conclusion1 t ! untaught b>b>ians h n a s+le idea :i* is n connect$ ) eat+ & dr9k+1 w>1 rev5ge1 & love2--t su*1 inde$1 resemble brute bea/s1 :o h no m conception ( hell or heav51 ,god & ! s\l1 ?an an elephant has ( a]o/ation1 or a cr[ ( !ology4 ,9 o!r n>ratives ! obs]v] notices1 t ! individuals :o int]rogate ! savages are !mselves en?usia/s ( a high ord]1 :o ask lead+ que/ions1 & are cont5t to receive1 z a satisfactory answ]1 any?+ :i* c be consid]$ z a reply4 ,by ?is means v errone\s ideas h crept 9 among/ ourselves1 & writ]s h built argum5ts ^u a f\ndation z flimsy z a %ift+ s&4 ,= example1 ,i h repeat$ly he>d x alleg$ t e kn[n tribe1 9 e "p ( ! _w :i* has yet be5 visit$1 has a tradition respect+ an univ]sal deluge1 & ! salvation ( _! prog5itors by a float+ vessel2 & on ?is has be5 f\nd$ ! hypo!sis t all ar*itecture1 & ev5 writt5 *>act]s1 h an ark = _! type4 ,?is developm5t has be5 v +5i\sly support$ by ,j4 ,p4 ,lesley1 9 ,man's ,orig9 & ,de/9y 7,trubn]1 ,london1 #ahfh71 a "w replete ) le>n+1 & bold1 b some:at uns\nd1 d$uctions4 ,?is assum$ fact has also be5 us$ 9 support ( ! ,biblical /ory ( ,noah1 8 ark1 & ! univ]sal deluge--a my? s palpably extravagant1 t ev]yone :o pr(esses to cr$it x is compell$ to object to "s detail1 & to lean ^u "s frail re$1 ) ! hope t he may ?us be p>don$ = 8 cr$ulity4 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! tale ( ,noah & 8 deluge is adapt$ f an ,assyrian or ,babylonian leg5d1 writt5 app>5tly ) a view to make a /ory fitt+ to ! sign ( ! ,zodiac call$ ,aqu>ius1 "o to ! full z fabul\s z t ( ! bir? ( ,bac*us1 & ! am\rs ( ,zeus4 ,9 "s in/ances1 moreov]1 & palpably 9 ^? cases :]e ! acc\nt ( ! religion ( b>b>\s nations is giv5 by fanatics1 su* z ! ,roman ,ca?olic invad]s ( ,am]ica1 or by su* conqu]ors z ,caes> & o!rs1 :o h !mselves v hazy notions ( _! own fai?1 ! philosoph] feels t ! savage is int5tionally misrepres5t$2 consequ5tly1 9 ^!1 z 9 all o!r in/ances1 x behoves ! philosoph] to exam9e ! evid5ce at 8 comm& ) critical acum51 r ?an accept ! /atem5ts made by m or less c>eless obs]v]s4 ,endeav\r+1 !re=e1 to avoid ^! difficulties z f> z possible1 let u summ>ize ! result ( our read+1 & record ! impressions left ^u our m9d respect+ ! fai?1 ritual1 & practice ( c]ta9 mod]n & anci5t b>b>ians4 ,beg9n+ ) ! va/ ,am]ican cont95t1 we f9d t ! ,esquimaux appe> to h no conception :atev] ( a ,creator1 ( a future /ate1 ( a mundane !ocracy1 or ( any unse5 ag5cy b good or bad luck4 ,b !y1 nev]!less1 put a c]ta9 am\nt ( fai? 9 conjur]s--cunn+ m5 or wom5 :o pr(ess to be able to insure !m a good supply ( seals or walrus1 & protection f ,arctic dang]s4 ,= su* a p z ?is ! wants ( ! day =m ! *ief1 if n ! only1 object ( ?\ght2 & !y resemble lions or eagles1 :o are n[ all b fami%$ 9 ! hunt = food1 & n[ gorg$ to repletion ) ! result ( _! que/4 ,to su* a nation1 ,heav51 z describ$ 9 ! ,bible1 ) its sea ( glass1 its h>pi/s & s+]s1 w\ld af=d no temptation1 &1 unless x 0 furni%$ ) abundance ( oily food1 an ,esquimaux w\ld n visit x2 nor w\ld ! fires & heat ( ,hell h any t]rors = "o ^: torm5ts on e>? are connect$ ) mis]able cold4 ,9 practice1 ! ,esquimaux are v mu* :at !y are made by _! neighb\rs & visitors3 !y are v dec5tly behav$ to ^? :o treat !m well1 & cruel1 b>b>\s1 & rev5geful to /rang]s aft] !y h !mselves be5 worri$ by invad]s4 ,alt]nately gluttons & />v+ !y obey ! necessities ( _! exi/5ce--!y eat to keep !mselves w>m1 & !y mu/ be an*orets z rigid z any ,!ban h]mit :il/ !y are seek+ _! prey4 ,) a temp]ature bel[ z]o1 & w9t] huts con/ruct$ ( ice1 *a/ity is almo/ a necess>y virtue1 & adult]y _c possibly be frequ5t4 ,:]e ev]y?+ ( value is r>e1 covet\sness is n common2 b if ! hold] ( ! covet$ prize be always al]t1 x is q natural t murd] %all be attempt$1 ei!r by ! ?ief or 8 victim4 ,! rev]5ce ( p>5ts "h1 z else:]e1 is a necess>y accompanim5t ( savage life1 & is q indep5d5t ( any k ( ! decalogue4 ,to prev5t reit]ation ( ?is obs]vation1 let u consid] = a mom5t1 ! *ief if n ! ma9 cause1 ( ! rev]5ce giv5 to ! fa!r1 &1 m r>ely1 to ! "m 9 ! economy ( human life4 ,we see t ! ,almighty has implant$ an in/9ct 9 "o or bo? p>5ts1 ?r\gh\t ! l>g] "p ( ! animal creation1 to n\ri%1 guide1 & tea* _! "y4 ,! duck leads h] brood to a pond2 ! h5 keeps h] *icks f wat]1 b tea*es !m to pick up se$s1 grubs1 & worms2 :il/ ! cock keeps ord] among/ ! family1 ,! weasel tea*es its (fspr+ h[ to attack its prey mo/ advantage\sly1 & ! eagle in/ructs h] "y ones to fly4 ,9 l mann]1 man is at ! head ( 8 own h\sehold2 he is ! fir/ p[] to :i* ! "y ones b[2 !y "k ! weight ( 8 arm1 & dread 8 ang]1 kn[+ t !y w suff] f x :5 x is /irr$ up4 ,we all "k1 z a rule1 t a habit contract$ 9 *ildhood adh]es to u ?r\gh\t life1 consequ5tly1 ! dread ( ! fa!r :i* exi/s 9 ! y\? becomes1 v g5]ally1 filial rev]5ce 9 ! man4 ,b we also "k t almo/ ?r\gh\t ! animal creation1 ! "y & /urdy males w1 z !y gr[ up to maturity1 fight = supremacy1 ev5 ) _! p>5ts4 ,s long z ! latt] reta9 ! ma/]y !y are respect$2 b z soon z age & its accompany+ weakness h made !m succumb1 all filial respect vani%es4 ,if1 !re=e1 a p>5t1 :5 old1 is unable to make himself fe>$ by 8 pr[ess1 rev]$ = 8 good s5se or k1 or belov$ = "s faculty :i* makes him pleas+ to 8 family or ! tribe1 he is neglect$1 & (t5 sacrific$1 s t ! "y %all h only !mselves to provide food =4 ,ev5 9 ,*ri/ian ,engl&1 :]e filial reg>d is cultivat$ z an ess5tial "p ( our religion1 we too frequ5tly f9d t p>5ts are :olly neglect$ by _! adult (fspr+1 z soon z !y become1 f sickness1 age1 or o!r infirmity1 useless memb]s ( ! family4 ,)\t hav+ ev] he>d ( a law1 or set ( laws1 giv5 9 a des]t f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ! ,esquimaux are z moral z mod]n ,*ri/ians1 & m s ?an ! anci5t ,jews3 !y c]ta9ly h n m gods ?an "o1 & d n wor%ip any grav5 image4 ,among/ !m blasphemy is unkn[n4 ,p>5ts are hon\r$2 *a/ity is g5]al2 murd] is v r>e2 !ft only exi/s :5 /rang]s come among/ !m ) valuable matt]s1 su* z cutt+ weapons4 ,among/ su* a primitive p false witness is unkn[n1 & covet\sness only exi/s 9 ! pres5ce ( travell]s :o h well-/ock$ %ips or sl$ges4 ,b ! ,esquimaux d n keep a ,sabba? ( re/ e sev5? day2 h[1 inde$1 c\ld !y1 :5 _m ( _! days h a duration ( six weeks--accord+ to ! ,hebrew computation1 :i* measures ! day by sunsets4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t :at _m p]sons designate ,*ri/ian virtues d n necess>ily dep5d ^u a k ( ,jehovah1 ( ,jesus1 or ( bo?4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian appe>s to h be51 :5 fir/ discov]$1 :olly )\t any di/9ct religi\s fai?4 ,x is true t "s au?ors h describ$ him z rev]5c+ 8 manit\1 or great _s1 & speak+ ( "s happy hunt+ gr\nd to :i* 8 s\l w pass aft] dea?2 b ,i am unable to f9d any reliable te/imony 9 support ( ?is poetic notion4 ,to me x seems t ! ,r$ ,indian is no?+ m ?an "o ( a f]oci\s tribe ( m51 :o1 hav+ to subsi/ by ! *ase alone1 be/[s all 8 ?\ghts ^u gett+ meat1 & driv+ (f 8 neighb\rs f int]f]+ 9 8 l&s4 ,to su* an "o a teem+ population is equival5t to a dim9ution 9 ! supply ( game1 & ?is1 aga91 involves />vation4 ,) him1 !re=e1 ! murd] ( 8 neighb\rs becomes a matt] ( necessity1 "o :i* may be reg>d$ by him z an absolute virtue1 a matt] ( public policy1 & ess5tially a moral duty2 & z he is little sup]ior to a tig] or a cat1 he does n scruple to add cruelty to homicide4 ,he :o has se5 a c>nivor\s bea/ seize its liv+ prey1 disable1 )\t kill+ x1 & !n lie by & wat* its victim1 ris+ n[ & aga9 to give x a %ake1 or a pat ) its claw1 c well und]/& h[ a ,blackfoot ,indian might gloat ov] a dy+ ,delaw>e1 or a ,m&an torture an ,iroquois :5 he _h ! *ance1 ea* reg>d+ ! o!r z m5 consid] wasps & hornets4 ,yet1 ?\gh )\t religion1 ! ,indian is n )\t fe>4 ,he is t]rifi$ by /range noises1 & by weird sights2 !re is a be+ :om he dreads2 & !re is 9 e tribe a m$ic9e man1 :o is suppos$ to h sup]natural p[]1 & to be able to attract good or to bani% evil =tune f ! *ief & 8 p4 ,practically1 ! ,r$ ,indian is z sup]/iti\s ab\t lucky & unlucky days z 0 ! ,hebrew ,david & ! ,p]sian ,haman1 &1 prior to ! />t+ ( an exp$ition1 ! div9] is consult$1 :o may1 possibly1 answ] 9 ! words ( ! ,"l 787 ( ,judah1 let x be :5 ?\ he>e/ ! s\nd ( a go+ 9 ! tops ( ! mulb]ry trees1 !n ?\ %alt be/ir ?yself1 = !n %all ! ,"l g out be=e !e to smite ! ho/ ( ! ,phili/9es 7#b ,sam4 v4 #bd74 ,b ?\gh )\t religion1 9 ! usual acceptation ( ! ^w1 ! ,indians 7 n1 :5 fir/ ! :ite man knew !m1 :olly )\t ritual1 or :at has be5 designat$ a sacr$ c]emony4 ,! celebration to :i* we ref] occurr$ e ye>1 0 conduct$ by a def9ite set ( actors1 & 0 att5d$ to ) wond]ful rev]5ce4 ,a full acc\nt ( su* c]emony is giv5 by ,g4 ,catl91 9 a "w entitl$1 ,o ,kee ,pa 7,truebn]1 ,london1 #ahfg74 ,9 x figures a my/ic mess5g]1 :o comes to dem& ! initiation ( ! "y m5 ( ! tribe :o h atta9$ a fight+ age2 t5ts are !n prep>$1 & m5 & wom5 are duly pa9t$ & o!rwise disguis$ to repres5t buffaloes & bugbe>s1 ! bad _s1 etc42 ! ma9 int5tion ( ! :ole be+ to te/ ! c\rage1 /r5g?1 & endurance ( ! "y m5 by frightful tortures1 :i* are too disgu/+ = description "h4 ,at ! end ( ! trial1 h[ev]1 ea* vot>y sacrifices a jo9t ( ! little f+] ( "o h& to ! bad _s4 ,at ?is fea/-"s doll-l effigies are us$ to m>k ! my/]y t5t4 ,among/ b>b>ians l ^! are1 x w readily be imag9$ t su* virtues z *a/ity & *>ity h no exi/5ce1--t successful !ft ennobles ! robb]1 & t ! slaught] ( an enemy1 ei!r by trea*]y or 9 fair fight1 is reg>d$ z a pro( ( c\rage1 mu* z x 0 among/ ! ,sp>tan ,greeks4 ,polygamy is simply a matt] ( weal? & arrangem5t1 & wom5 are pur*as$ & treat$ l slaves4 ,x is ! man's bus9ess to hunt & fight1 x is ! woman's duty to make ! be/ or ! mo/ ( ! spoils ( ! *ase4 ,yet1 ) ?is g5]al abs5ce ( all religion1 !re appe>s to be1 "h & !re1 a rev]5ce = c]ta9 /range ph5om5a ( nature--su* z hot or bubbl+ f\nta9s1 sulphur spr+s1 /eam+ geys]s1 & curi\s rocks1 l ! celebrat$ pipe-/one rock 9 ! ,si\x t]ritory4 ,f ?is all pipes ought to be made1 !re be+ z mu* ( or?odoxy 9 su* b[ls among/ ! ,indians z !re is 9 an ,agnus ,dei among/ ,*ri/ian papi/s4 ,!re is1 too1 a rev]5ce = ! dead occasionally to be met )1 b x _c be said to am\nt to wor%ip4 ,9 "s in/ances1 b ,i d n f9d t ! cu/om is g5]al1 a man is int]r$ ) 8 horse1 weapons1 & m$ic9e bag1 z if x 0 expect$ t he w\ld live beyond ! tomb1 & require 9 8 o!r /ate ( exi/5ce t :i* he want$ 9 ?is4 ,:at we h said ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican aborig9es applies ) equal1 if n ) great]1 =ce to ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,f :at ! savage r$sk9s are1 & h be51 dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree c5turies1 a transition to :at !y h be5 9 ! pa/ is v natural2 &1 :il/ mak+ ! /ep1 ! philosoph] w be rem9d$ ( ! obs]vation made by "s pr(\nd obs]v]1 to ! effect---g :]e y w1 no matt] h[ savage ! nation1 y w be sure to f9d ! rema9s ( a previ\s empire1 nation1 or civilization4 ,va/ =e/s1 sc>cely yet fully explor$1 cov] anci5t cities 9 ,ceylon & ,c5tral ,am]ica alike1 & m51 :o toil$ to build va/ temples1 t[]s1 palaces1 & =tresses1 are replac$ by wild animals4 ,9 ! ,ba%an ( ,pale/9e1 primeval h\ses ( /one /ill /&1 :]e sc>cely a resid5t is to be f\nd1 & ! pres5t inhabitants are f> inf]ior to ! anci5t race t built ^! endur+ dwell+s4 ,?us ! ,abbe ,dom5e* writes 7,sev5 ,ye>s ,resid5ce 9 ! ,great ,des]ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,london1 ,longman1 #ahfj71 vol4 ,i41 p4 #cec--;,f ,florida to ,canada1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ! ,am]ican soil is /rewn ) gigantic ru9s ( temples1 tumuli1 entr5*$ camps1 =tifications1 t[]s1 villages1 t[]s ( obs]vation1 g>d5s1 wells1 artificial mead[s1 & high roads ( ! mo/ remote antiquity4 ,)\t ent]+ closely into ! nature ( ! antiquities discov]$1 we may /ate t !y comprise pyramids1 cones1 obelisks1 hills surr\nd$ by a deep vallum1 l t adjo9+ ,salisbury1 & e>!n con/ructions analog\s to t at ,avebury4 ,!re is evid5ce t ! artificial erections1 :i* 7 s built z to be visible f an enorm\s di/ance1 7 design$1 possibly1 z cairns1 or memorials ( ! dead1 b also z spots = sacrificial (f]+s1 resembl+ ^? call$ high places 9 ,anci5t ,pale/9e1 ! tumulus ov] ,patroclus1 & ! ,scy?ian m\nds 9 ! ,crimea4 ,! alt>s :i* h be5 discov]$ are made ( bak$ clay or /one1 & h ! %ape ( l>ge bas9s1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f n9ete5 in*es to sev5te5 y>ds1 b g5]ally ab\t two y>ds & a-half4 ,"u & ar\nd ! alt>s calc9$ human bones 7 f\nd1 & sometimes a :ole skeleton 0 met ) 9 ! tumulus1 z if a sacrifice ( m5 att5d$ ! fun]al rites1 z we le>n f ,hom] t x did1 be=e ,troy1 :5 ,a*illes direct$ ! obsequies ( 8 fri5d ,patroclus4 ,cremation1 z well z sepulture1 0 adopt$1 & ) ! dead1 ornam5ts1 arms1 & o!r objects1 :i* belong$ 9 life to ! dep>t$1 7 buri$2 among/ ^! are to be reckon$ tr9kets ( silv] & ( brass1 z well z ( /one & bone4 ,z a pro( ( ! advanc$ k ( ! p ref]r$ to1 ,i may "h quote1 f memory1 a note f ,/ev5s' ,c5tral ,am]ica1 to ! effect t ! bronze tools f\nd 9 ,yucatan1 c41 among/ ! qu>ries :5ce ! /one = ! anci5t temples 0 procur$1 are ne>ly z h>d z /eel1 & t a simil> bronze is only kn[n to h exi/$ 9 "s ( ! anci5t tombs & qu>ries ( ,egypt1 an obs]vation :i* receives additional value f ,dom5e*'s rem>k1 vol4 ,i41 p4 #cfd--,^! works ( art 7arms1 idols1 & m$als1 f\nd 9 ,new ,granada tombs7 are ackn[l$g$1 by ! ar*aeologi/s ( ,panama1 to possess ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? ,*9ese & ,egyptian art4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i w\ld call my read]s' att5tion to ! facts1 t 9 v mod]n times ,*9ese h migrat$ to ,cali=nia1 ,au/ralia1 ,s+apore1 & o!r di/ant localities1 & t ,=tune f\nd ,egyptian curiosities 9 virtu1 %ops 9 ,*9a1 :il/ ,egyptologi/s h discov]$ ,*9ese manufactures 9 ,egyptian tombs4 ,! subject ( ! ext5t ( travel 9 anci5t times does n ent] into my pres5t plan2 b z ,i am desir\s to make ! m9d ( my read]s expansive en\gh to receive ev]y?+ :i* be>s ^u ! hi/ory ( man ^u ! e>?1 ,i may be all[$ to s[ se$ by ! way-side1 "s ( :i* may blossom z a g>d5 fl[] gr[n wild4 ,dom5e*1 9 p4 #djh1 vol4 ,i41 figures a rem>kable /one1 by _m p]sons suppos$ to be a hoax or =g]y1 :i* 0 f\nd at ! base ( "o ( ! l>ge/ m\nds 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 situat$ 9 ,we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,x lay 9 a sepul*ral *amb]1 ?irty-five feet f ! surface1 0 elliptic 9 %ape1 two in*es & a-half long1 two wide1 & ab\t half an in* ?ick1 & ! mat]ial 0 ( a d>k col\r1 & v h>d4 ,! foll[+ is a copy f ,dom5e*'s "w1 &1 )\t dwell+ ^u x1 we may call att5tion to ! simil>ity ( "s ( ! lett]s ) ^? kn[n to1 or us$ by ! ,pho5icians1 ,anci5t ,greco-,italians1 & ,c>?ag9ians4 ,l ! ,newton ,/one1 9 ,scotl&1 & "s ,gno/ic gems1 x may be said to be le>n$ gibb]i%1 :i* ! spirits c read b no "o else4 ,illu/ration3 #jef ,!re is1 inde$1 mu* m evid5ce ?an is g5]ally suppos$ to connect ! anci5t m\nd-build]s 9 ,am]ica ) ! inhabitants ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 p>ticul>ly 9 _! modes ( burial1 ! nature ( _! e>?works1 & ! /yle ( su* ornam5ts & figures z h be5 f\nd4 ,= example1 !re is "o enclosure describ$1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is erect$ a m\nd & pill>1 precisely resembl+ ! l+a yoni ( ! ,ea/4 ,9 addition to ^!1 c>v$ /ones h be5 f\nd1 :i* unite toge!r su* ,ori5tal emblems z ! sun & moon1 ! ,tau1 ,t & ! egg1 ,o :i* toge!r make ! well-kn[n ,egyptian symbol ,a4 ,aga91 ,dom5e* figures "s male & female human effigies1 ( :om ,am]ican savans write t !y repres5t idols ( sexual design1 simil> to ^? expos$ 9 ! ,my/]ies ( ,eleusis1 "o ( !m be+ a badly f9i%$ image ( ,priapus4 ,dom5e* /ill f>!r /ates1 on ! au?ority ( ,cortez1 t a =m ( wor%ip1 recall+ ! ,egyptian my/]ies ( ,isis & ,osiris1 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,respect+ ! nature ( ! religion ( ! m\nd build]s ! ,abbe writes--,! gov]nm5t ( ^! nations appe>s to h be5 !ocratic or sac]dotal1 l t ( ! ,jews1 & ! religi\s adm9i/rative & milit>y p[] 01 probably1 ve/$ 9 "o & ! same p]son4 ,?is is cle>ly ev9c$ by ! taboo1 or sacr$ monum5ts1 be+ comb9$ ) ^? ( a purely milit>y "*1 p4 #cff4 ,)\t /ra9+ d\btful po9ts too f>1 we may cont5t ourselves ) affirm+ t ! rese>*es ( ,davis & ,squire1 ( ,/eph5s1 & ( ,dom5e*1 %[ t ! m\nd build]s ( ,am]ica rais$ high places = sacrificial fires2 t !y built huge piles ( e>? ov] dead w>riors2 &1 t dur+ ! fun]al rites :i* 7 obs]v$ at ! obsequies1 !y immolat$ c]ta9 human victims4 ,let u n[ pause = a mom5t & consid] h[ mu* is involv$ 9 ! practice ( mak+ a sacrifice by fire1 or o!rwise1 at ! burial ( any deceas$ *iefta9 or hon\r$ man4 ,) :at idea c\ld ! liv+ wife jo9 h] husb& on ! fun]al pyre 9 ,india1 or ! anci5t ,t>t>s h sla9 ! horse1 slaves1 wives1 & *ief (fic]s ( a defunct k+1 bury+ !m all 9 a va/ grave1 unless !y ent]ta9$ ! belief t !re 0 a life beyond ! grave8 ,! fai? may h be5 ( ! crude/ =m1 yet ! practice evid5c$ ! belief t ^? :o di$1 & 7 buri$ toge!r1 w\ld arise & live at ! same "t & place1 & 9 ! same relative positions :i* !y _h dur+ life4 ,if ?is be grant$1 x demon/rates t ! e>ly dwell]s 9 ,am]ica _h a high] conception ( immortality ?an _h ! anci5t ,jews1 ev5 al?\gh ! latt] assum$1 & p]t9aci\sly p]si/$ 9 ! ass]tion1 t !y1 & !y only ( all ! nations ( ! _w1 7 taught ( ,god--a boa/ to :i* a va/ numb] ( ?\ghtless ,*ri/ians give a pr(\nd rev]5ce1 & mo/ implicit belief4 ,)\t speculat+ ^u ! probable connexion betwe5 ! m\nd-build]s & ! inhabitants ( anci5t ,mexico1 we w endeav\r1 ) ! aid ( ,prescott1 & o!r writ]s1 to asc]ta9 some?+ ( ! fai? pr(ess$ by ,montezuma & 8 subjects4 ,d]iv$ f two s\rces1 !re 7 two di/9ct elem5ts 9 ! ,mexican religion2 "o ( ^! 0 g5tle & mild z ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & ! o!r1 f]oci\s & cruel1 l ! practice ( su* ( 8 foll[]s z ! s5sual ,crusad]s1 ! p]secut+ ,popes ( ,italy1 & ! brutal1 money-grubb+ ,spani>ds4 ,! =m] gradually dri$ up1 l primitive ,*ri/ianity1 & ! h>mlessness ( ! dove 0 replac$ by ! f]ocity ( ! wolf4 ,x is 9 /rict accordance ) human nature1 t virtues are h>d] to ma9ta9 ?an vices1 h5ce malignancy swell$ itself up & became dom9ant4 ,! prie/s ( ! sangu9>y class contriv$ z burd5some a c]emonial z ev] exi/$ 9 ,judea1 ,greece1 ,spa91 or ,mod]n ,rome1 & !y surr\nd$ _! deities ) conceptions z grotesque z ^? :i* are clu/]$ r\nd ! ,h9doo gods ( to-day1 ! div9ities ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & ! innum]able virg9s1 sa9ts1 & m>tys ( m$iaeval & mod]n papal ,*ri/ianity4 ,! p[] & ! incl9ation to make feti% is c]ta9ly n conf9$ to ,african negroes4 ,! ,mexicans recogniz$ a supreme ,creator z ! ,god by :om we live1 "o :o 01 = !m1 omnipres5t & omnisci5t--! giv] ( all good ?+s1 )\t :om man is z no?+4 ,he 0 said to be invisible1 incorporeal1 a be+ ( absolute p]fection & p]fect purity1 "u ^: w+s m5 may f9d repose & a sure def5ce4 ,b ?is deity1 ?\gh s+le1 0 subdivid$ by ! ,mexican !ologians1 mu* 9 ! same way z ,jehovah became sep>at$ into an innum]able ho/ ( angels1 ar*angels1 & devils1 & z ,zeus 0 split up into an equally num]\s army ( gods1 goddesses1 & demigods4 ,! ,mexicans _h ?irte5 major1 & ab\t two hundr$ m9or1 div9ities1 to "o or o!r ( :om ea* day 0 devot$1 mu* 9 ! same way z c]ta9 mod]n ,*ri/ians believe 9 "o ,creator1 f\r p]sons1 ?ree ( :om are male & ! o!r female1 sev5 ar*angels1 & "s hundr$s ( sa9ts1 virg9s1 or m>tyrs1 to ea* ( :om "o day ( ! ye> is consecrat$4 ,!re are m gods & goddesses 9 ! ,papal cal5d> ?an 9 t ( ,anci5t ,mexico1 ,greece1 or ev5 ,rome4 ,at ! head ( ! cele/ial army 0 ! god ( w>1 ! patron ( ! k+dom1 ^: temples 7 m noble 9 _! b>b>ic maje/y ?an any o!r1 & to :om human be+s 7 sacrific$ 9 abundance4 ,!y 7 ! noble/ creatures t c\ld be f\nd1 & 9 tru?1 !re 7 v few o!r animals to (f] 9 _! place4 ,?is great ,mexican div9ity 0 ess5tially ! same z ! ,jehovah ,tsebao? ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures2 ! ,"l ( ,ho/s ( :om we read 9 ,exod4 xv4 #c1 ,! ,"l 7,jehovah7 is a man ( w>1 ! ,"l 7,jehovah7 is ,8 "n2 & 9 ,ps4 xxiv4 #h1 ,:o is ?is ,k+ ( glory8--! ,"l1 /rong & mighty2 ! ,"l1 mighty 9 battle2 & aga91 ! same idea appe>s 9 v]se #aj ( ! same ,psalm2 see also #a ,*ron4 xvii4 #bd1 ,! ,"l ( ,ho/s is ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,inde$1 we %\ld we>y ! read] if we 7 to quote all ! texts to be f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* prove t ! ,hebrew ,jehovah 0 z mu* a god ( w> z 0 ! *ief deity ( ! ,mexicans4 ,mod]n civilization may frame ! belief t ,god is n ! au?or ( confusion1 b ( peace 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #cc72 b ! ,hebrews 9 ! ,ea/1 & ! ,mexicans 9 ! ,we/1 held a diff]5t op9ion4 ,besides ! god ( w> !re 0 a god ( ! air1 :o once liv$ on e>?1 & taught metallurgy1 agriculture1 & ! art ( gov]nm5t4 ,he 0 ess5tially a human b5efactor1 :o caus$ ! e>? to teem ) fruit & fl[]s1 )\t ! tr\ble ( labori\s cultivation--8 reign 0 analog\s to ! gold5 age ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,b he 0 n :olly satisfactory1 & 0 bani%$2 yet he is to h a second com+1 l ,elias1 & a mod]n deity ( ! ,ea/]n _w4 ,8 portrait is id5tical1 app>5tly1 ) ! commonly receiv$ lik5ess ( ,jesus4 ,9 ,*ri/ian my?ology 7see ,eph4 ii4 #b71 ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air is reg>d$ z ! adv]s>y1 or a devil4 ,no o!r deities are describ$ 9 detail by ,prescott1 b he says t e h\sehold _h its p5ates1 or h\sehold gods4 ,on turn+ to ,higg9s1 :o quotes entirely f ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities1 we f9d t ! ,mexicans baptiz$ _! *ildr5 ) :at !y call$ wat] ( reg5]ation4 ,_! k+ also danc$ be=e 8 god1 z ,david did1 to 8 *a/e wife's disgu/1 & 0 consecrat$ & ano9t$ by ! high prie/ ) a holy unction z ,saul & ! son ( ,jesse 74 ,on "o day ( ! ye> all ! fires 9 ! ,mexican k+dom 7 ext+ui%$ & light$ aga9 f "o sacr$ he>? 9 ! temple1 :i* aga9 rem9ds u ( ! ,ve/al ,virg9s1 ^: bus9ess 0 to keep up a holy fire 9 ,rome1 & ( ! lamp :i* 0 to burn p]petually 9 ! ,jewi% temple 7,exod4 xxvii4 #bj74 ,at ! end ( ,octob] ! ,mexicans _h a fea/ resembl+ our ,all ,s\ls1 or ,sa9ts1 day1 :i* 0 call$ ! fe/ival ( advocates1 because ea* human be+ _h an advocate 9 ! heav5 above to plead = him1 :i* aga9 rem9ds u ( ,jesus' dictum1 t *ildr5 h gu>dian angels1 :o are always 9 ,god's pres5ce 7,matt1 xviii4 #aj7 ,! same p _h a =ty-days' fa/1 9 hon\r ( a god :o 0 tempt$ =ty days ^u a m\nta91 & ?us resembl$ ! ,prophet ( ,naz>e?4 ,he 0 call$ ! morn+ />1 & ?us is to be id5tifi$ ) ,lucif] z well z ,jesus 7,isa4 xiv4 #ab1 ,rev4 xxii4 #af71 & c>ri$ a re$ = an emblem 7see ,eev4 xxi4 #ae74 ,! ,mexicans hon\r$ a cross1 & ! god ( air 0 repres5t$ sometimes z nail$ to "o1 & ev5 occasionally betwe5 two o!r individuals499 99 ,z we _c imag9e t ! ,mexicans 7 aw>e ( ! mann] 9 :i* mod]n ,*ri/ians depict ,jesus on ! cross1 we mo/1 ,i ?9k1 seek = "s idea :i* 0 common to bo? ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,9 ,payne ,knight's "w1 s (t5 ref]r$ to by u1 !re is a picture :i* repres5ts a cock ) a l+am in/ead ( a head & beak2 on its p$im5t !re is 9 ,greek ! words1 sote] kosm\1 ! savi\r ( ! _w4 ,?is is also an epi!t ( ,siva1 & he is sometimes repres5t$ z a phallus4 ,9 ?is he is ! ,a%] or ,bel ( ! ,assyrian triad1 erect$ high] ?an ! o!r two4 ,9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory ! outsid]s are said to be ?ieves1 b x 0 n s 9 ,mexico4 ,! ?ree crosses are simply emblems ( ! tr9ity4 ,a virg9 & *ild 7 also ador$1 z !y 7 9 ,babylonia1 ,assyria1 ,egypt1 & ,h9do/an1 & z !y are 9 a great "p ( ,europe at ! pres5t "t4 ,! p believ$ 9 va/ cycles ( ye>s1 at ! end ( ea* ( :i* !re 0 to be a g5]al de/ruction ( life1 & a p]fect reg5]ation1 an idea :i* ,higg9s has %[n to h exi/$ among/ ,p]sians1 ,romans1 & ,jews alike4 ,! ,mexicans /ill fur!r believ$ 9 a ?reefold future /ate--a heav5 = ! brave1 & ^? :o 7 sacrific$1 !re be+1 s f> z ,i c discov]1 no ab/ract idea ( :at we call virtue2 a hell = ! wick$2 & a sort ( quiet limbo = ^? :o 7 9 no way di/+ui%$4 ,heav5 0 locat$ 9 ! sun1 & ! bless$ 7 p]mitt$ to revel among/ lovely cl\ds & s++ birds1 enjoy+1 unh>m$1 all ! *>ms ( nature3 a conception :i* is to ! full z poetical1 &1 probably1 q z ne> ! tru?1 z t giv5 9 ,revelation4 ,:5 a man di$ he 0 burn$1 &1 if ri*1 8 slaves 7 sacrific$ ) him1 ! ,mexicans1 9 ?is respect1 resembl+ ! anci5t ,scy?ians1 ) :om !y _h mu* 9 common4 ,:5 ! c]emony ( giv+ a "n to *ildr5 0 gone ?r\gh1 _! lips & bosom 7 spr9kl$ ) wat]1 & ! ,"l 0 implor$ to p]mit ! holy drops to wa% away ! s9 t 0 giv5 to ! *ild be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 s t ! infant might be born anew1 or1 9 mod]n t]ms1 reg5]at$ 7,prescott1 *4 #c74 ,among/ _! pray]s1 or invocations1 7 ! =mulas1 ,wilt ,?\ blot u out1 ,o ,"l1 = ev]8 ,is ?is puni%m5t int5d$1 n = our re=mation1 b = our de/ruction8 aga91 ,imp>t to u1 out ( ,?y great m]cy1 ,?y gifts :i* we are n wor?y to receive ?r\gh our own m]its2 ,keep peace ) all2 ,be> injuries ) humility1 ,god :o sees w av5ge y2 ,he :o looks too curi\sly on a woman commits adult]y ) eyes4 ,^! ,mexican maxims s closely resemble ^? to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 t x is difficult to believe t ! ,spani>ds really told ! tru? respect+ !m4 ,! sac]dotal ord] among/ ! ,mexicans 0 a num]\s "o1 well arrang$ & p[]ful4 ,! prie/s us$ musical *oirs 9 _! wor%ip1 arrang$ ! cal5d>1 & appo9t$ ! "t = fe/ivals4 ,!y sup]9t5d$ ! education ( y\?1 & wrote up ! traditions1 l ! record]s ( ! ,jews1 ,p]sians1 o!r ,ori5tals1 & ,*ri/ian monks1 & look$ to ! cons]vancy ( ! hi]oglyphic pa9t+s4 ,!re 7 two high prie/s1 :o alone _h to und]take ! duty ( (f]+ human sacrifices1 & ^! 7 elect$ by ! k+ & nobles1 q irrespective ( previ\s rank1 &1 :5 elect$1 !y 7 inf]ior only to ! sov]eign4 ,:5 read+ ?is1 anyone :o is famili> ) biblical hi/ory w be?9k him ( ,luke iii4 #c1 ,annas & ,caiaphas be+ ! high prie/s1 ! plural1 n ! s+ul>1 numb] be+ us$1 & ( ! dictum ( ,caiaphas1 ,john xi4 #ej1 ,x is exp$i5t = u t "o man %\ld die = ! p1 t ! :ole nation p]i% n4 ,we may put :at con/ruction we please ^u ^! facts1 b1 :atev] int]pretation we may adopt1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! ,hebrews1 at ! "t :5 our era comm5ces1 _h two high prie/s :o 7 conc]n$ 9 human sacrifice4 ,! prie/s1 9 g5]al1 7 devot$ to ! s]vice ( "s p>ticul> deity1 &1 dur+ ! "t ( _! att5dance1 liv$ 9 ! temple1 celibate2 b1 :5 n on duty1 !y resid$ ) _! wives & families4 ,?rice dur+ ! day1 & once at "s p]iod ( ! night1 !y 7 call$ to pray]1 mu* l all ! v>ieties ( ,*ri/ian monks & nuns4 ,!y 7 frequ5t 9 _! ablutions1 9 :i* habit !y may be contra/$ ) ^? sa9tly h]mits1 :o reg>d$ dirt z a div9e ord9ance1 & nev] wa%$2 & !y mortifi$ ! fle% by long vigils1 fa/+1 & cruel p5ance1 draw+ blood f _! bodies by flagellation1 or by pi]c+ !m ) ! ?orns ( ! aloe4 ,! resemblance ( ! ,mexican sac]dotalism ) ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian cu/oms is ?us %[n to be wond]ful & /rik+1 s mu* s1 t ! ,spani>ds />t$ ! idea t !y _h be5 taught by "s /ray apo/le ( ,jesus4 ,! great cities ( ,mexico 7 divid$ into di/ricts1 ea* ( :i* 0 plac$ "u ! *>ge ( a sort ( p>o*ial cl]gy1 :o regulat$ e act ( religion )9 _! prec9cts1 & :o adm9i/]$ ! rites ( confession & absolution4 ,! secrets ( ! confessional 7 held inviolable1 & p5ances 7 impos$1 ( mu* ! same k9d z ^? enjo9$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ^u h] vot>ies4 ,x 0 a t5et ( ,mexican fai?1 t a s9 once aton$ =1 01 if repeat$1 inexpiable a second "t2 consequ5tly1 confession 0 only once resort$ to1 & t late 9 life2 a good plan1 ^u ! :ole1 = x enabl$ a man ^: days 7 numb]$ to get p>don = good & aye4 ,x 0 also held t sac]dotal absolution 0 equival5t to magi/]ial puni%m5t4 ,! =mula ( absolution conta9$ ?is1 among/ o!r ?+s1 ,o m]ciful ,"l1 ,?\ :o kn[e/ ! secrets ( all he>ts1 let ,?y =giv5ess & fav\r desc5d1 l ! pure wat]s ( heav51 to wa% away ! /a9s f ! s\l4 ,?\ kn[e/ t ?is poor man has s9n$1 n f 8 own free w1 b f ! influ5ce ( ! sign "u :i* he 0 born4 ,?is idea may well be comp>$ ) ! curr5t doctr9e ( ! phr5ologi/s1 _m ( :om ass]t t a man acts accord+ to ! configuration ( 8 bra9 & cranium1 & is1 !re=e1 only p>tially culpable = ! commission ( c]ta9 crimes4 ,aft] a copi\s exhortation to ! p5it5t1 9 :i* he 0 enjo9$ to und]go a v>iety ( mortifications1 & to p]=m m9ute c]emonies1 by way ( p5ance1 he 0 p>ticul>ly urg$ to procure1 ) ! smalle/ possible delay1 a slave1 :o 0 to be utiliz$ 9 sacrifice to ! ,deity2 ! prie/ !n conclud$ ) inculcat+ *>ity to ! poor--,clo! ! nak$1 & fe$ ! hungry1 :atev] privations x may co/ !e1 = rememb] _! fle% is l ?9e4 ,! necessity ( sacrifice1 z an atonem5t = s91 =ms an ess5tial1 ?\gh bloody1 "p ( bo? ! ,hebrew & ! ,*ri/ian fai?s1 & hi/ory has long taught u t ! slaught] ( a man1 woman1 or *ild1 =m$1 9 ! e/imation ( ! ,anci5t ,greeks1 & o!r nations1 "o ( ! mo/ acceptable ( ! =ms ( homage paid by a human be+ to ! ,creator4 ,?is idea is at ! v basis ( ! ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,x has be5 held1 f ! "t ( ! apo/le ,paul to ! pres5t day1 t ,jehovah w\ld n look fav\rably ^u mank9d until ,he _h be5 propitiat$1 n by ! sacrifice ( an ord9>y individual1 b by ! murd]1 9 ! crude/ ( modes1 ( a be+ :om ,he p]sonally begat1 = ! purpose ( kill+ him :5 arriv$ at maturity4 ,9 ,hebrews x4 #ab1 we f9d ?is doctr9e v di/9ctly enunciat$1 9 ! words1 ?is man1 aft] he _h (f]$ "o sacrifice ( s9s = ev]1 sat d[n on ! "r h& ( ,god1 & subsequ5tly1 v4 #ad1 by "o (f]+ he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$4 ,aga91 9 ,heb4 ix4 #bf1 once 9 ! end ( ! _w ha? he appe>$ to put away s9 by ! sacrifice ( himself2 & 9 ,heb4 x4 #aj1 we are sanctifi$ ?r\gh ! (f]+ ( ! body ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & 9 ix4 #bh1 ,*ri/ 0 once (f]$ to be> ! s9s ( _m4 ,! philosoph] may d\bt :e!r ! ,god :om ! ,*ri/ians h made = _! own adoration1 is 9 any way diff]5t to t ( ,k+ ,me%a1 :o (f]$ up 8 own son 9 sacrifice1 or to ! ,mexican "o1 :o 0 cont5t$ ) ! blood ( a slave499 99 ,x is d\btful :e!r any ,*ri/ian has ev] paid real att5tion to ! doctr9es :i* are famili> to 8 e>1 or to ! hymns :i* an mo/ frequ5tly on 8 tongue4 ,9 ! usual fa%ion :i* is preval5t among/ m9i/]s & he>]s1 ev]y?+ :i* is told by mission>ies ( hea!n deities is tak5 z true4 ,?us x has become ! g5]al belief t ! ,mexican !ology1 :i* requir$ an annual sacrifice ( human be+s1 ^: he>ts 7 cut out1 & (f]$ w>m1 palpitat+ & full ( blood1 to a ,god :o 0 suppos$ to be pres5t 9 a sacr$ /one /atue1 0 beyond measure atroci\s4 ,b 9 :at consi/s ! horror1 unless 9 ! fact t ! sacrifice 0 se5 by ! wor%ipp]s8 ,9 ,*ri/5dom p are nev] call$ ^u to see a man kill$ by nail+ him to a cross4 ,if !y 7 condemn$ to ?is p5ance1 v little w\ld any ( !m talk ( blood4 ,z x is1 ! m9ds ( ! majority are lull$ to sleep by ! sub/itution ( words = facts1 & texts ( ,scripture = ideas2 & ^? :o are unable to look ^u a cut f+] )\t fa9t+1 & w\ld n = worlds g to see a man decapitat$1 talk 9 ! s]5e/ mann] on mo/ sangu9>y topics4 ,a ref]5ce to a few hymns :i* are g5]al fav\rites w illu/rate :at ,i mean4 ,9 ,rock ( ,ages1 = example1 we h ! l9es-- ,let ! wat] & ! blood ,f ?y riv5 side t fl[$1 ,cleanse f s9 & make me pure4 ,ano!r equally popul> hymn beg9s ,f ,calv'ry's cross a f\nta9 fl[s ,( wat] & ( blood1 ,m heal+ ?an ,be!sda's pool1 ,r$eem+ ,"l1 ?y preci\s blood ,%all nev] lose its p[]444 & aga9-- ,!re is a f\nta9 fill$ ) blood1 ,drawn f ,immanuels ve9s1 ,& s9n]s plung$ b5ea? t flood ,lose all _! guilty /a9s4 ,no congregation ( ,*ri/ian1 or any o!r m51 w\ld tol]ate = a mom5t ! introduction into div9e wor%ip ( a ba? ( blood1 into :i* all ^? %\ld plunge :o desir$ salvation4 ,n "o w\ld endeav\r to wa% 8 s9s away 9 a sangu9e /ream1 drawn f any s\rce :atev]4 ,! horror :i* w\ld be produc$ by ! doctr9e t su* ?+s are necess>y to appease our ,god1 w\ld make e ?9k+ be+ dete/ x4 ,yet1 :5 we only play ) ! idea1 we c talk ( su* matt]s ) holy complac5cy4 ,if any ,*ri/ian wants to te/ 8 fai?1 let me advise him to get a bas9ful ( blood & place x 9 8 b$-room1 & say twice a day1 :5 look+ on x1 t's ! /uff :i* propitiates my ,god6 ,x w\ld n be long ere he saw ! absurdity ( 8 !ological t5ets1 & ! co>s5ess ( ! hi]>*y :i* inv5t$ s frightful an idea ( ! ,omnipot5t4 ,= ! education ( ! y\? ( ,mexico a "p ( ! temples 0 allott$1 :]e ! boys & girls ( ! middle & high] classes 7 plac$ at an e>ly p]iod--! girls to be taught by ! prie/esses1 ! boys by prie/s2 & f a note 9 ,prescott's correct$ edition1 #ahff1 p4 #bb1 we le>n t ! =m] 7 ev5 m g5]ally pure 9 life ?an1 we h reason to believe1 ! ,egyptian prie/esses & ,*ri/ian nuns prov$ !mselves to be1 ,fa!r ,aco/o say+1 ,9 tru?1 x is v /range to see t ?is false op9ion ( religion ha? s great =ce among/ ^! "y m5 & maid5s ( ,mexico1 t !y w s]ve ! ,devil ) s great vig\r & au/]ity1 :i* _m ( u d n 9 ! s]vice ( ! mo/ high ,god1 ! :i* is a great %ame & confusion4 ,x is curi\s to notice h[ ! ,*ri/ian prie/ consid]s t *a/ity may be a sn>e ( ! ,devil1 z well z an ord9ance ( ,jehovah4 ,! boys1 9 ^! s*ola/ic p>ts ( ! sacr$ temples1 7 taught ! r\t9e ( mona/ic discipl9e--to decorate ! %r9es ( ! gods ) fl[]s1 to fe$ ! sacr$ fires1 & to *ant 9 wor%ip & at fe/ivals4 ,! ,abbe ,hue1 9 an acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 ,?ibet & ,t>t>y1 has told u repeat$ly ( ! simil>ity betwe5 ! rites1 practices1 & c]emonies ( ! ,romi% ,*ur* & ^? 9 use among/ ! foll[]s ( ! ,great ,lama4 ,x is equally m>vell\s to discov] t ! ,mexican ritual resembles bo?4 ,! ,papali/ endeav\rs to expla9 ?is1 by ! mon/r\s assumption t bo? ,t>t>y & ,mexico 7 evangeliz$ by two diff]5t ,*ri/ian ,apo/les4 ,b x seems to u m probable t ! ,romani/s1 :o are kn[n to h adopt$ almo/ e anci5t c]emony1 symbol1 doctr9e1 & ! l1 h unkn[+ly copi$ f travell$ ,ori5tals1 ?an t ! cult ( ! p ( ,?ibet has travell$ into ,am]ica1 z well z into ,europe4 ,into ! id5tity ( ! ,t>t>s ) ! ,r$ ,indians x is n my int5tion to ent]4 ,! high] ,mexicans 7 taught tradition>y lore1 ! my/]ies ( hi]oglyphics1 ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 & su* a/ronomical & sci5tific k z ! prie/s w\ld1 or1 probably1 c\ld1 imp>t4 ,! girls le>n$ to weave & embroid] cov]+s = ! alt>s ( ! gods4 ,great att5tion 0 paid to morality1 & (f5ces 7 puni%$ ) extreme rig\r1 ev5 ) dea? itself4 ,y\?s 7 taught to es*ew1 vice & cleave to virtue1 to ab/a9 f wra?1 to (f] viol5ce or d wrong to no man1 & to d good :]e possible4 ,:5 ( an age to m>ry1 ! pupils 7 dismiss$ f ! conv5t1 & ! recomm5dation ( ! pr9cipal !re( (t5 introduc$ ^? :om he reg>d$ z ! mo/ compet5t ( ! /ud5ts1 to responsible situations 9 public life4 ,su* 0 ! policy ( ! ,mexican prie/s1 :o 7 ?us enabl$ to m\ld ! m9d ( ! "y1 & to tra9 x e>ly to ! necessity ( giv+ rev]5ce to religion1 & especially to its m9i/]s--a rev]5ce :i* ma9ta9$ its hold on ! w>rior long aft] e o!r ve/ige ( education _h be5 effac$4 ,9 ?is matt] ,am]ica %[$ an a/ut5ess equal to t exhibit$ by ,papal hi]>*s 9 ,rome4 ,to ea* ( ! pr9cipal temples1 l&s 7 annex$1 = ! ma9t5ance ( ! prie/s1 & ^! glebes 7 augm5t$ by successive pr9ces1 until1 "u ,montezuma1 !y 7 ( enorm\s ext5t1 & cov]$ e di/rict ( !99 empire4 ,! prie/s took ! managem5t ( _! prop]ty into _! own h&s1 & treat$ _! t5ants ) lib]ality & indulg5ce4 ,9 addition to ?is s\rce ( income1 !y _h fir/ fruits1 & o!r (f]+s1 dictat$ by piety or sup]/ition4 ,! surplus 0 di/ribut$ 9 alms among/ ! poor1 a duty /r5u\sly prescrib$ by _! moral code4 ,?us we f9d1 adds ,prescott1 :om we are closely1 & almo/ v]batim1 foll[+1 ! same religion inculcat+ lessons ( pure philan?ropy & ( m]ciless ext]m9ation--an inconsi/5cy n incr$ible to ^? famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,inquisition4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a n v long life1 ,i h he>d1 ^u _m occasions1 ! argum5t t ! p]si/5cy ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 spite ( its abom9able corruptions1 its utt] contempt = tru?1 its outrage\s cruelty1 its gl>+ sup]/ition1 its intol]able arrogance1 & its rapaci\s covet\sness1 proves t x is1 & mu/ ev] be reg>d$ z a div9e in/itution4 ,b ?is argum5t loses all its weight :5 we f9d t ! religion ( ! ,mexicans1 :i* ! ,spani>ds decl>$ to h sprung f ! ,devil1 _h ! virtues1 z well z _m vices1 ( ! ,roman fai?4 ,if "o came f ,heav51 ! o!r c\ld n h come f ,hell4 ,! simple tru? seems to be1 t crafty & design+ m5 are always able to f9d dupes1 & t r$ m5 & black1 ! haughty ,italian & ! lively ,fr5*man1 ! /olid boor & ! poli%$ orator1 may all suff] alike f an education :i* has taught !m1 9 y\?1 to believe 9 ! reality ( a revelation giv5 to a class ( human be+s :o1 by its means1 assume to be div9e4 ,! ,mexican temples--teocallis1 or h\ses ( ,god --7 v num]\s1 inde$ !re 7 sev]al hundr$s 9 ea* ( ! pr9cipal cities ( ! k+dom2 b we ne$ n describe !m m m9utely ?an to say t !y 7 truncat$ pyramids t]m9at+ 9 a level surface1 ^u :i* blaz$ ! sacr$ fire4 ,all religi\s s]vices 7 public1 z 9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,!re 7 long processions ( prie/s1 & num]\s fe/ivals ( unusual sacr$ness1 z well z mon?ly & daily appropriate celebrations ( wor%ip1 s t x is difficult to conceive h[ ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life 0 c>ri$ on4 ,! sun 0 an univ]sal object ( rev]5ce4 ,at a p]iod n long prior 7ab\t #bjj ye>s7 to ! ,spani% conque/1 human sacrifices 7 adopt$ = ! fir/ "t1 & !y spe$ily became common1 bo? z reg>ds repetition & ! numb]s ( victims slaught]$4 ,9 "s in/ances ! oblations t]m9at$ ) cannibalism4 ,! burnt (f]+ 0 roa/$1 n inc9]at$1 &1 l ! ,pas*al lamb1 0 dev\tly dev\r$4 ,sexual rites1 symbols1 or wor%ip1 appe> to h be5 v r>e1 = ,i c only f9d "o or two d\btful ref]5ces to !m4 ,9 ?is matt] ! ,mexicans 7 f> sup]ior to all ! old ,%emitic & ,egyptian1 z well z ! ,h9doo1 races4 ,s f> ,prescott4 ,:il/ writ+ ! =ego+1 x has requir$ "s det]m9ation n to comm5t v ext5sively ^u ! facts record$1 = !y d1 inde$1 set ! ?\ghtful m9d on fire4 ,among/ ! que/ions :i* !y provoke1 ! fir/ is1 h[ f> ! acc\nts giv5 to u are to be dep5d$ ^u8 ,9 answ]+ ?is qu]y1 we readily recognize t our au?orities c only h be5 ,spani>ds1 :o 71 to a great ext5t1 implacable enemies ( ! ,mexicans1 to a great ext5t ignorant ( _! language1 & bitt]ly ho/ile to !m 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,b ?is recognition leads u to tru/ ! acc\nts :i* !y give1 =1 if ! invad]s _h be5 able to treat ! natives z unmitigat$ savages1 !y w\ld h _h ! m excuse = pillag+ _! sacr$ /ores1 temples1 & palaces1 & ext]m9at+ ! pagan wor%ipp]s4 ,aga91 if ! picture ?us pa9t$ 7 a fancy "o1 hav+ no real exi/5ce save 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 we %\ld be able readily to recognize its c\nt]p>t 9 ! ,spani% hi/ory ( ! ,p]uvians1 j z we are able to asc]ta9 ! id5tity ( ! au?or%ip ( c]ta9 anonym\s works by ,"l ,lytton1 by ! exi/5ce !re9 ( 8 m>k$ peculi>ity ( /yle4 ,! be/ te/imony1 h[ev]1 to ! sub/antial tru? ( ! acc\nts giv5 ( ! nature ( ! ,mexican fai?1 is to be f\nd 9 v>i\s m9ute episodes ( _! g5]al hi/ory1 9 ! behavi\r ( ! ,aztecs ) ea* o!r1 & t[>ds _! invad]s1 & ! g5]al cu/oms :i* are record$4 ,t ! ,spani% writ]s _h a real belief 9 ! acc\nt ( :i* ,prescott has giv5 u s admirable a resume1 we may feel assur$1 = "o ( !m introduc$ ! naive rem>k1 t ! ,devil _h positively taught to ! ,mexicans ! same ?+s :i* ,god _h taught to ,*ri/5dom4 ,:5 once we h satisfi$ ourselves ( ! tru? ( ! ,spani% acc\nts ( ! anci5t ,mexican in/itutions1 we f9d ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( "s v /rik+ religi\s & political facts4 ,we see be=e u a nation :o _h atta9$ to z di/9ct a conception ( ! ,almighty z we h ourselves2 :o _h discov]$ a heav51 a hell1 & an int]m$iate place1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ,jew or ,greek1 ,babylonian or ,p]sian2 :o _h in/itut$ a sac]dotal class1 & made provision = _! subsi/5ce1 )\t any assi/ance f ,mel*iz$ek or ,moses2 :o _h adopt$ a pr9ciple ( national education long be=e su* a ?+ 0 ?\ght ( 9 ,engl&1 or 9 ,europe4 ,9 f9e1 ! ,aztec fai? & policy 71 at lea/1 z praisewor?y1 if n f> ne>] to p]fection1 ?an ! fai? & policy :i* obta9$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,italy1 ,france1 & ,spa91 dur+ ! d>k & ! middle ages4 ,!re is n1 inde$1 any "o po9t 9 :i* ! contra/ is n fav\rable to ! ,aztecs1 except 9 ! s+le po9t ( human sacrifice4 ,*ri/ianity c1 app>5tly1 make a heavy accusation aga9/ ! ,aztec religion on ?is po9t1 & may fairly seem to reproa* x = t frequ5cy ( human sacrifice1 & ev5 cannibalism1 :i* =m$1 at ! "t ( ! ,spani% conque/1 an ess5tial "p ( ! ,mexican fai?4 ,yet1 :5 we dive bel[ ! surface1 & exam9e ?is matt] ) philosophic c>e1 we readily see t ! *>ge is depriv$ ( mu* ( its weight4 ,:o1 = example1 c comp>e ! practice ( ! p ( ,montezuma ) t ( ,spani>ds "u ! sway ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 )\t see+ t 9 ,spa9 !re 7 human sacrifices1 :i* 7 conduct$ ) f> m cruelty ?an ^? 9 ,mexico4 ,we f9d1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! cu/om ( sacrific+ human be+s 0 no m an ess5tial "p ( ! ,aztec1 ?an x 0 ( ! ,*ri/ian1 fai?2 x 0 only 9 exi/5ce two hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,spani% invasion1 & _m c5turies1 bloodless ( human (f]+s1 _h pass$ away ere ! p]iod ( :at we may t]m brutality arriv$4 ,j s x 0 ) ! religion ( ,jesus2 = c5turies x 0 un/a9$ by blood1 & comp>atively meek & humble1 yet1 :5 its prie/hood rose to p[]1 !y indulg$ 9 human holocau/s on a mo/ ext5d$ scale4 ,! ,spani>ds give acc\nts ( ?\s&s ( victims (f]$ up at once to ! ,mexican god ( w>2 b :at are ^! 9 comp>ison to ! victims ( ,p>is1 sacrific$ by ,papi/s on ! eve & day ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & ^? at ,bezi]s4 ,x may be d\bt$ by ! philosoph] :e!r ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 n1 f its v comm5cem5t1 z intol]ant ( opposition & z p]secut+ z x became h]eaft]4 ,! /ory ( ,jesus curs+ a fig tree1 :i* did n be> fruit out ( its season 7,m>k xi4 #ac1 #ad1 #ba71 %[s t ev5 he1 :om ! ,*ri/ians take = an example1 0 q capable ( t pett9ess1 :i* visits ^u ! innoc5t ! vexation felt by "o's self4 ,b :5 we read ! /ory 9 ,acts1 v41 ab\t ,ananias & ,sapphira1 we see1 9 all its nak$ horror1 a fe>ful ,*ri/ian p]secution4 ,! victims 7 done to dea? = deceiv+ an apo/le4 ,b :y %\ld we be surpris$ at ! foll[]s ( ! ,son do+ t :i* ! ,fa!r orda9$8 ,is !re any human k+ :o ev] promulgat$ a m bloody ord] ?an did ,jehovah ,sabao?1 ! ,god :i*1 among/ ! ,hebrews1 correspond$ to ! ,mexican god ( w>1 :5 he commission$ ,samuel to say to ,saul 7#a ,sam4 xv4 #c71 ,n[ g & smite ,amalek1 & utt]ly de/roy all t !y h2 slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+1 ox & %eep1 camel & ass6 ,aft] su* a de/ruction ( ! ,midianites z is n>rat$ 9 ,numb1 xxxi41 ! fe>ful slaught]1 effect$ by ,crusad]s1 ( ,jews1 ,turks1 & h]etics is sc>cely wor? m5tion+4 ,!re 0 a tea*] :o rem>k$1 he :o is )\t s9 among y1 let him fir/ ca/ a /one at ! culprit2 & surely1 :5 our ,bible1 :i* is treasur$ by s _m z ! only rule ( fai? among/ u1 details su* horrible religi\s slaught]s z are to be f\nd 9 its pages1 & ab\nds ) p]secut+ precepts1 we _h bett] n talk too mu* ab\t ,mexican sacrifice4 ,0 !re any ,aztec m9i/] s brutal 9 8 religi\s fury z ,samuel 0 7#a ,sam4 xv4 #cc71 :o hew$ ,agag into pieces8 ,! ,mexican 0 m]ciful to 8 victim2 ! ,hebrew 0 l a mod]n ,*9ese execution]1 :o kills ! crim9al by degrees4 ,8 cruelty has be5 emulat$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,france1 & "u ! reign ( two ( h] k+s1 we h se5 a ,ravaillac & ,dami5s tortur$ sl[ly to dea?1 by means too horrible to dwell ^u4 ,! writ]s ^u ,mexico tell u ( a lovely y\?1 :o 0 educat$ = a :ole ye> to become a victim1 & h[1 at ! end ( t "t1 he 0 fet$1 adorn$1 & ev5 wor%ipp$2 h[ f\r ( ! mo/ *>m+ maid5s ( ,mexico 7 select$ z 8 wives1 & h[ he rema9$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! highe/ hon\r until ! "t ( 8 sacrifice arriv$1 & we feel due horror at ! recital4 ,yet1 :at is x comp>$ ) ! acc\nts we read ( mis]able m5 & wom5 rack$1 9 hide\s dungeons1 by ! mo/ horrible tortures :i* an enlight5$ ,*ri/ian +5uity c\ld devise1 & :o !n1 ) limbs ^: loos5$ fibres c\ld sc>cely su/a9 _! bruis$ & mangl$ bodies1 7 l$1 or driv5 at ! sword's po9t1 to a /ake fix$ 9 ! gr\nd1 !re to be ti$ & burn$1 :il/ dev\t ,*ri/ian multitudes /ood ar\nd1 rejoic+1 l demons1 ov] ! helli% sc5e4 ,no "o c gloat ov] ! imag9>y torm5ts ( ,hell )\t be+ a p]secut+ devil at he>t4 ,surely ! ,*ri/ians h too mu* s9 among/ !mselves to ca/ a /one at ! inhabitants ( ,mexico4 ,we f9d a /rong (fset to ! horror ( ,aztec cruelty 9 ! v ,bible1 :i* we reg>d z ! ma9/ay ( our religi\s _w4 ,:at1 = example1 is ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 a ,mexican mon>* sacrific+ "o or t5 ?\s& m5 tak5 9 battle1 & ,moses comm&+ ! ext]m9ation ( ! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 & only sav+1 out ( ,midian1 ?irty-two ?\s& virg9s1 t !y might m9i/] to ! lu/ ( 8 ,hebrew foll[]s8 ,:at1 aga91 are we to say ( ,david's ,god1 :o w\ld n turn away 8 ang] f ,judah until sev5 sons ( ! prec$+ k+ _h be5 (f]$ up z victims8 ,& la/ly--?\ght /ill m awful6 :at mu/ we say ( ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 t ,jehovah ,himself sacrific$ ,8 own ,son by a cruel dea?2 & n only s1 b t ,he _h int]c\rse ) an e>?ly woman1 & _h ?us a son by h]1 = ! sole purpose ( br++ ab\t 8 murd]8 ,c we object to religi\s cannibalism 9 ! ,aztec1 :5 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is said to h urg$ 8 foll[]s to eat 8 body & to dr9k 8 blood2 & :5 hundr$s ( prie/s h %$ ! blood ( millions ( m51 :o1 disbeliev+ ! p[] ( any man to conv]t bread & w9e into fle% & blood1 h refus$ to pr(ane _! lips by a cannibal fea/8 ,hav+ n[ exam9$ ! nature ( ! ,aztec fai?1 let u1 = a :ile1 l+] ^u ! fruits :i* x produc$4 ,:o c read ! m\rnful /ory ( ! fall ( ,mexico )\t contra/+1 9 8 own m9d1 ! respective *>act]s ( ! conqu]ors & ! conqu]$8 ,9 e s-call$ ,*ri/ian virtue ,montezuma prov$ himself to be sup]ior to ! ly+1 unscrupul\s1 rapaci\s & covet\s ,cortez4 ,ev5 ! greate/ fire-eat] :o ev] liv$ _c fail to see t ! ,spani>d w\ld n h be5 victori\s ov] ! ,mexican1 if ! latt] _h be5 equally well equipp$ ) arms1 arm\r1 & horses1 z ! =m] 04 ,we c only tell vaguely :at 0 ! condition ( ,anahuac prior to ! invasion ( ,cortez2 b1 f ! te/imony giv5 by ,prescott1 we believe t !re 7 annual w>s betwe5 adjo9+ tribes1 :o met solely to obta9 f _! enemies victims = sacrifice1 ! battles always end+ ) ! day1 & nev] be+ resum$ = conque/1 or = ! plund] ( maid5s to be an indulg5ce ( a victor's lu/4 ,:at ! condition ( ! same c\ntry "u ,*ri/ian rule has be51 & /ill is1 e read] ( mod]n & contempor>y hi/ory kn[s2 & he sees1 ) regret1 t ,jehovah ,sabao?1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 ) an army ( sa9ts1 angels1 virg9s1 & m>tyrs1 z well z anci5t gods ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e are1 if !y are to be judg$ by ! acts ( _! wor%ipp]s1 z cruel1 rev5geful1 & malignant1 z 7 ! deities ( ! ,mexican k+dom4 ,! foll[]s ( ! cross w appe> to be q z despicable :5 we contra/ !m ) ! ,p]uvians1 z !y 7 :5 comp>$ ) ! inhabitants ( ,anahuac4 ,!re is some?+ v fasc9at+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,p]u1 z record$ by ! ,spani% au?ors1 & r5d]$ into ! ,engli% language by ,prescott4 ,!re is no acc\nt ( anci5t or mod]n p extant :i* has int]e/$ me s mu* z ^? ( ! realm ( ,manco ,capac4 ,to he> ( a nation1 sep>at$ by an ocean1 we may1 inde$1 say two1 & a va/ cont95t1 f ! civiliz$ portions ( ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,africa1 locat$ 9 a m\nta9\s tract1 :]e soil & wat] 7 scanty1 & locomotion 0 r5d]$ difficult f ! configuration ( ! l&2 ^: c\ntry 0 surr\nd$ by /rong natural enemies ( all k9ds2 ^: p 7 unable to use su* ag5ts z /eel & gunp[d]1 & :o 7 yet enabl$ to con/ruct va/ cities & temples1 to qu>ry1 remove1 & use 9 build+s1 fragm5ts ( rock ?irty-eight feet long1 eighte5 feet broad1 & six feet ?ick1 & to transport ^! to di/ances v>y+ f #ab to #de miles1 to =m good roads along ! m\nta9 tops1 = an ext5t ( ne>ly two ?\s& miles1 necessitat+ ! fill+ up *asms ( enorm\s dep?1 & ! mak+ ( susp5sion bridges ov] riv]s ^: /ream 0 too furi\s to bridge 9 ! ord9>y ,european fa%ion1 is p]fectly a/oni%+4 ,! f>-sight$ ,incas1 to make ^! roads /ill m useful1 accompani$ !m by ! erection ( l>ge resid5ces1 l mod]n ,european bungal[s 9 ,india1 fit = ! reception ( a mon>* ) 8 army1 & by va/ magaz9es ( provisions1 suffici5t to supply ! wants ( a w>like exp$ition1 or ( a population />v+ f an accid5tal failure ( crops4 ,! ,p]uvians1 moreov]1 surr\nd$ _! *ief t[ns ) /rong walls1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! ,cyclopean con/ructions ( ! old _w seem small1 /unt$1 & almo/ contemptible4 ,x appe>s1 9 addition1 t !y knew h[ to =m long tunnels1 ei!r = ! passage ( troops1 = ! b5efit ( travell]s1 or = ! conveyance ( wat]4 ,all ^!1 ,i say1 are en\gh to fire ! imag9ation ( ! dulle/ read] ( hi/ory1 & to %ake ! belief t civilization _c be develop$ 9 ! mid/ ( :at we h be5 accu/om$ to call savage life1 & c only be br\ght to a mod]ate p]fection by ! influ5ce ( ! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian writ+s4 ,our wond] is n1 h[ev]1 b\nd$ by ! physical results produc$ by ! indu/ri\s population ( ,p]u1 x is /ill f>!r ex]cis$ by ! descriptions :i* are giv5 ( _! wond]ful dome/ic & =eign policy4 ,x w\ld be difficult to conceive1 & /ill m difficult to c>ry into execution = _m g5]ations1 a plan ( gov]nm5t s em95tly fitt$ to give ! greate/ happ9ess to ! greate/ numb]1 z t :i* ! ,incas elaborat$4 ,! rul]s 7 specially educat$ to fulfil _! duties 9 e respect1 & 7 n p]mitt$1 z mod]n pr9ces are1 to ent] into ! ranks ( *ivalry until !y _h und]gone a public exam9ation1 :i* 0 conduct$ by ! olde/ & ! mo/ illu/ri\s *iefs4 ,! trial includ$ te/s ( e w>like & manly quality4 ,x la/$ ?irty days1 dur+ :i* "t e competitor f>$ alike1 liv+ on ! b>e gr\nd1 & we>+ a mean attire4 ,^? :o pass$ ! ordeal hon\rably 7 admitt$ =mally into ! knightly ord]1 ! c]emony includ+ an inve/iture ( ! y\? ) s&als put on by ! mo/ v5]able noble1 equival5t to ! donn+ ( ! toga virilis 9 ,anci5t ,rome1 & hav+ ! e> pi]c$ ) a gold5 bodk9 by ! reign+ mon>*4 ,to take (f ! %oe 0 a c]emony exact$ f all ^? :o came into ! ,inca's pres5ce1 to h x put on by a gr&ee 0 great hon\r4 ,t ! rul]s might und]/& ! condition ( ! k+dom1 !y sy/ematically travell$1 mu* 9 ! same way z ,james ,v4 ( ,scotl&1 & ! ,caliph ,h>\n ,alras*id1 are said to h done4 ,! ,incas1 9 addition to _! o!r plans = good gov]nm5t1 inaugurat$ a po/al sy/em3 divid$ _! peoples into t5s1 fifties1 hundr$s1 five hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 & t5 ?\s&s1 mu* 9 ! same way z ! ,saxon ,k+ ,alfr$ is said to h done1 ^: plan is1 9 _m respects1 cons]v$ to ! pres5t day2 & ! head man ( ea* division 0 9 all respects its rul]1 to repress crime1 to ann\nce to 8 sup]ior (fic] all unusual occurr5ces1 & to report1 g5]ally1 ! actual /ate ( 8 division to ! *ief above him4 ,all legal trials1 or appeals1 7 decid$ 9 less ?an five days1 & a code 0 e/abli%$1 :i* all might readily "k1 a ?+ only atta9$ by ! ,fr5* "u ! fir/ ,napoleon1 & long desir$ by ,engl&1 b 9 va94 ,puni%m5ts 7 nev] att5d$ ) torture1 or unnecess>y cruelty4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,p]uvians diff]$ f e o!r civiliz$ nation ( :i* ,i h yet read4 ,! ,*9aman me?odically inflicts pa9ful puni%m5ts :i* h only be5 surpass$ by ! foll[]s ( ! g5tle ,jesus4 ,! ,p]sians & ,turks h1 c]ta9ly1 %[n _! capacity = giv+ pa9 to ^? :o are br\ght be=e _! m9i/]s ( ju/ice1 & ! ,r$ ,indians1 dur+ _! day1 r$uc$ ! art ( torm5t+ !mselves1 b1 /ill m1 _! prison]s1 almo/ to p]fection4 ,! ,babylonians _h discov]$ t a dea? ( agony c\ld be accompli%$ by means ( myriads ( ants4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ,*ri/ians1 eag] to uphold ! fai? promulgat$ by a ,god ( m]cy1 to f9d out ! mo/ exquisite ( torm5ts4 ,ev5 ,fr5*m51 :o h = c5turies assum$ ! position ( lead]s ( civilization1 71 until ! great ,revolution beat d[n _! k+s & prelates1 m ru?lessly cruel ?an ! mo/ fi]ce r$sk94 ,! ,inquisition1 :i* arrogat$ to itself ! p[] to keep ! ,*ri/ian religion pure1 0 di/+ui%$ by ! atrocity ) :i* x gave angui% to its victims1 & x held its head high until x 0 put d[n1 we may hope = ev]1 by fi]y republican en?usia/s1 :om prie/ly demons1 baulk$ ( _! prey1 decl>$ to be devils inc>nate4 ,m mod]n hi]>*s are oblig$ to cont5t !mselves ) mak+ a hell = _! enemies--) =etell+ a v>iety ( puni%m5ts to be inflict$ h]eaft]1 :i* _c be en=c$ "h4 ,! ,incas exact$ an annual report ( ! l&s possess$ by individuals1 ) _! condition z reg>ds culture2 & also ( e family4 ,a regi/] ( bir?s1 m>riages1 & dea?s 0 regul>ly kept1 s t ! gov]nm5t might always "k ! real condition ( ! nation1 soil1 & p4 ,z f> z possible1 families rema9$ con/ant to _! bus9ess1 ?us =m+ a sort ( trade ca/e1 b n a rigid "o4 ,! regi/]s 7 always submitt$ to ! p]usal ( ! ,inca1 &1 subsequ5tly1 kept 9 ! capital4 ,by ! arrangem5t ( po/s1 & roads1 an insurrection or invasion 0 readily discov]$1 & x 0 spe$ily ann\nc$ at ! capital city4 ,! m>* ( troops to suppress x1 "u ^! circum/ances1 0 easy & imm$iate1 = e requisite = w> 0 always at h&4 ,9 all circum/ances1 plund]+ by ! soldi]y1 :e!r at home or 9 an enemy's c\ntry1 0 sev]ely puni%$1 & w> 0 und]tak5 solely ) a view to peace4 ,if a neighb\r 0 turbul5t1 he 0 conqu]$1 & absorb$ into ! old /ate1 & if a prov9ce 0 rebelli\s1 its wor/ inhabitants 7 c>ri$ away to "s o!r locality1 :]e _! p[] = mis*ief w\ld be curtail$2 a plan :i*1 we are told1 0 pursu$ by ! ,assyrian ,%almanes] 7#b ,k+s xvii4 #f71 indicat$ by ,s5na*]ib 7#b ,k+s xviii4 #cb71 & c>ri$ out by ,nebuz>adan 7#b ,k+s xxv4 #aa474 ,9 f9e1 we may repeat1 t x w\ld be difficult = a mod]n philosoph] to conceive a bett] model ( a really pat]nal gov]nm5t ?an t :i*1 x is ass]t$1 0 f\nd by ! ,spani>ds :5 !y invad$ ! k+dom ( ! ,incas4 ,( ! respective value ( ,*ri/ian ,spani% gov]nm5t1 & ( ! s-call$ ,pagan ,inca rule1 none c d\bt1 :o reads ! pres5t by ! light ( ! pa/4 ,! ,p]uvians kept up _! roads1 protect$ _! subjects1 respect$ life1 & fo/]$ ev]y?+ :i* t5d$ to increase ! g5]al happ9ess & prosp]ity ( ! k+dom--all ^! objects1 h be5 = a long p]iod neglect$1 & ,p]u1 :i* 0 "u ! ,spani% rule1 "o ( ! blots on ! face ( civilization & ,*ri/ianity1 is only j em]g+ f a long night1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,republican in/itutions4 ,our next /ep w be to asc]ta9 ! religion ( ! p ^: political condition contra/s s fav\rably ) t ( e o!r nation ( :om travel & hi/ory h in=m$ u4 ,b we may1 9 ! fir/ place1 rem>k1 t !re is no absolute or necess>y connection betwe5 ! happ9ess1 or o!rwise1 ( a nation & its dom9ant religion1 z ,buckle has already %[n 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,civilization4 ,! writ] ( to-day c f9d abundant evid5ce 9 rec5t hi/ory to illu/rate ! proposition "h advanc$4 ,he c po9t to ,france1 & its condition "u a sac]dotal rule1 prior to ! "t ( ! ,revolution1 & contra/ x ) its /ate s9ce its rul]s h tri$ to make ! p prosp]\s & happy1 indep5d5tly ( _! religi\s fai?4 ,he c po9t to ,au/ria & ,spa91 :5 !y 7 laid at ! feet ( ! ,pope ( ,rome1 & ev]y?+ 0 made subs]vi5t to ! dem&s ( a p[]ful hi]>*y1 & to ! same /ates n[1 :5 religion is subord9ate to ! mat]ial welf>e ( ! majority4 ,:o1 t has read ! /ory ( mod]n ,italy1 or he>d ( ! atrocities committ$ "u ! prie/-l$ ,f]d9& ( ,naples--bett] kn[n 9 ,engl& by ! sobriquet ( ,bomba2 :o1 t knew any?+ ( 8 brig&-re>+ t[ns & cities1 & has visit$ !m s9ce !y h be5 rul$ con/itutionally1 & ) ! prie/ly p[] curb$ by a /rong h&1 c d\bt :i* set ( directors are ! be/8 ,*ri/ian ,rome 0 nev] s happy "u h] ,popes z %e is n[1 :5 ! s-call$ head ( ! *ur* is subord9ate to ! *ief ( ! /ate4 ,b ( all prie/-ridd5 c\ntries1 "o :i* w\ld nev] h borne ! popi% sway z %e has done1 if h] *iefta9s _h be5 s5sible & h] p ?\ghtful1 ,irel& des]ves our commis]ation ! mo/4 ,hib]nian hi]>*s ( ! ,roman fai? designate _! c\ntry z a l& ( sa9ts4 ,s1 p]haps1 x is1 if by ! ^w is meant admir]s ( laz9ess & fil?1 :o consid] t att5tion to religion ju/ifies murd]1 & e brutal crime aga9/ purse1 p]son1 & prop]ty4 ,z a rule1 admitt+ ( no exceptions1 civil gov]nm5t has prec$$ sac]dotal rule1 & a nation is g5]ally 9 a weakly & fall5 condition z soon z its affairs are direct$ by ! prie/ly class4 ,:5 fir/ ! ,aryans invad$ ,h9do/an1 ! hi]>*y 0 second to ! w>rior ca/e2 b z ! fir/ aggr&iz$ _! p[]1 ! second lo/ _! supremacy1 & "u ,brahm9ic rule ! f\ndation 0 laid = pusillanim\s & indol5t luxury 9 ! w>rior4 ,! p[] to plan1 & ! n]ve to en=ce laws1 = ! b5efit ( all classes ( ! community1 is v diff]5t to t :i* is requisite to exalt & enri* ! prie/ly ord]2 & ! well-be+ ( a /ate dep5ds f> m ^u ! ex]cise ( ! fir/ ?an ( ! second4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 ! executive gov]nm5t is entirely indep5d5t ( ! influ5ce ( ! hi]>*y1 or is itself ! head ( t ca/e1 x c produce good results = ! nation1 no matt] :at may be ! dogmas ( ! prie/hood1 or ! nature ( ! gods :i* are rev]5c$4 ,/ill foll[+ ,prescott z our guide1 we f9d t ! sun 0 ! great god ( ! ,p]uvians1 & t ! ,incas assum$ ! title ( 8 true *ildr54 ,to t lum9>y a va/ temple 0 built 9 ,cuzco1 m radiant ) gold ?an t ( ,solomon at ,j]usalem4 ,to ,cuzco1 z to ! capital ( ,judea1 ! "n ( ,holy ,city 0 giv51 & to x pilgrims resort$ f e "p ( ! empire4 ,blasphemy aga9/ ! sun 0 consid]$ z bad z treason aga9/ ! ,inca1 & bo? 7 puni%$ ) dea?4 ,a prov9ce1 or city1 rebelli\s aga9/ ! sun 0 laid wa/e1 & its p ext]m9at$4 ,:5 conque/ ov] a new tribe subjugat$ x to ,p]u1 ! p 7 compell$ to wor%ip ! sun1 temples to ^: hon\r 7 erect$ 9 _! t]ritory4 ,to ^! 0 atta*$ a body ( prie/s1 to in/ruct ! p 9 ! prop] =m ( adoration1 :i* consi/$ 9 a ri* & /ately c]emonial4 ,! div9ities ( ! conqu]$ p 7 remov$ to ,cuzco & e/abli%$ 9 "o ( ! temples1 :]e !y took ord] among/ ! inf]ior deities ( ! ,p]uvians4 ,b1 ?\gh ! sun 0 unque/ionably wor%ipp$1 ,prescott obs]ves1 *4 iii1 x is a rem>kable fact t _m1 if n mo/1 ( ! rude tribes inhabit+ ! va/ ,am]ican cont95t _h atta9$ to ! sublime conception ( "o ,great ,_s1 ! ,creator ( ! univ]se1 :o1 immat]ial 9 8 own nature1 ought n to be di%on\r$ by an attempt at a visible repres5tation1 & :o1 p]vad+ all space1 0 n to be circumscrib$ )9 ! walls ( any build+1 h[ev] gr& or ri*4 ,z civilization progress$1 we are told t a sep>ate ord] ( m51 ) a lib]al provision = _! subsi/5ce1 0 set ap>t = religi\s s]vice1 & a m9ute & magnific5t c]emonial contriv$1 :i* *all5g$ comp>ison ) t ( ! mo/ poli%$ nations ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ! natives ( ,quita1 ,bogota1 & o!rs inhabit+ ! highl&s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 b especially ) ! ,p]uvians1 :o claim$ a div9e orig9 = ! f\nd]s ( _! empire1 ^: laws re/$ on a div9e sanction1 & ^: dome/ic in/itutions & =eign w>s 7 direct$ to pres]ve & to propagate _! fai?s4 ,religion 0 ! basis ( _! polity1 ! condition ( _! social exi/5ce4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,incas 0 ess5tially a lay !ocracy4 ,! ,p]uvians believ$ 9 ! future exi/5ce ( ! s\l & ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,!y _h fai? 9 a ,hell1 locat$ 9 ! e>?'s c5tre1 & a ,heav51 9 :i* ! good w\ld revel 9 a life ( luxury1 tranquillity1 & ease4 ,! wick$1 h[ev]1 7 n to be hopelessly damn$ & torm5t$ = ev]la/+1 b 7 to expiate _! crimes by ages ( we>isome lab\r4 ,!y believ$1 also1 9 an evil pr9ciple or _s1 call$ ,cupay1 to :om1 h[ev]1 !y paid no m att5tion ?an an ord9>y ,*ri/ian does to ! ,devil4 ,! great m5 7 entomb$ aft] dea?1 & 7 commonly buri$ ) ! *ief ?+s :i* !y requir$ on e>?4 ,sometimes a *iefta9 0 buri$1 n only ) 8 treasures1 b ) 8 wives & dome/ics4 ,frequ5tly1 ov] ! dead1 va/ m\nds 7 rais$1 :i* 7 honeycomb$1 subsequ5tly1 ) cells = ! burial ( o!rs4 ,cairns 7 z common 9 t "p ( ! ,new ,_w z !y h be5 9 ! ,old1 & ! majority ( build+s f\nd at ! pres5t day 9 ,p]u h be5 connect$ ) fun]eal pomp4 ,! supreme ,be+ 9 ,p]u 0 nam$ ,pa*acamac1 he :o gives life to ! univ]se1 & ,viraco*a1 ( :i* ! only translation giv5 is foam ( ! sea4 ,to him "o temple only 0 rais$1 :i* is said to h be5 built prior to ! accession ( ! ,incas1 & l>gely visit$ by va/ numb]s ( di/ant ,indians4 ,! sun1 z we h notic$1 0 *iefly v5]at$1 & to him a temple 0 erect$ 9 e city & l>ge village1 & to him burnt (f]+s 7 made 9 abundance4 ,! moon 0 also v5]at$1 be+ connect$ ) ! sun z 8 wife--& ,v5us1 call$ by ! "n ( ,*asca1 ! y\? ) ! long & curl+ locks--0 also reg>d$ rev]5tially z ! page ( ! sun4 ,temples 7 d$icat$ to ?und] & to lightn+ z ,god's m9i/]s1 & ! ra9b[ 0 reg>d$ z an emanation f ! great lum9>y4 ,9 addition to ^!1 ! elem5ts1 ! w9ds1 ! e>?1 ! air1 ! great m\nta9s & riv]s1 7 consid]$ z inf]ior deities1 to :i* 7 add$ ! gods ( ! conqu]$ races4 ,! *ief temple ( ! sun 0 extraord9>ily gorge\s4 ,x 0 con/ruct$ ( /one1 & 0 s f9ely execut$1 t a ,spani>d decl>$ t only two edifices 9 ,spa9 c\ld1 9 ! /one "w1 be at all comp>$ ) x l ,italian & o!r *ur*es1 x conta9$ _m small *apels & subord9ate build+s1 & ! int]ior 0 dazzl+ ) gold4 ,on its we/]n wall ! deity 0 emblazon$ z a human face surr\nd$ ) rays ( light1 j z ! sun is p]sonifi$ among/ ourselves4 ,! figure 0 engrav$ on a massy gold plate1 ?ickly p[d]$ ) em]alds & preci\s /ones4 ,?is 0 s situat$ 9 front ( ! great ea/]n portal1 t ! rays ( ! morn+ sun1 fall+ ^u x1 light$ up ! :ole temple ) a wondr\s %e52 b e "p ( ! inn] walls blaz$ ) gold4 ,! ro( 01 h[ev]1 ?at* alone4 ,adjo9+ ! temple ( ! sun 7 fanes ( small] dim5sions1 = ! wor%ip ( ! moon1 />s1 ?und]1 lightn+1 & ! ra9b[4 ,all ! plate1 ornam5ts1 & ut5sils ( e description appropriat$ to ! uses ( religion1 7 ( gold or silv]4 ,twelve imm5se vases ( silv] 7said to be z high z a good lance1 & s l>ge t two m5 c\ld b>ely encircle !m ) out/ret*$ arms7 /ood on ! floor ( ! great saloon1 fill$ ) ,indian corn4 ,! c5s]s = ! p]fumes1 ! ew]s :i* held ! wat] = sacrifice1 ! pipes :i* conduct$ x ?r\gh subt]rane\s *annels into ! build+s1 ! res]voir t receiv$ x1 ev5 ! agricultural implem5ts us$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! temple1 7 all ( ! same ri* mat]ial4 ,! g>d5s1 l ^? belong+ to ! royal palaces1 sp>kl$ ) gold & silv]1 & v>i\s imitations ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,animals1 also1 7 to be f\nd !re1 among/ :i* ! llama1 ) its gold5 fleece1 0 mo/ conspicu\s1 execut$ 9 ! same /yle1 & ) a degree ( skill :i*1 9 ?is in/ance1 probably did n surpass ! excell5ce ( ! mat]ial ,! read] ( ,prescott w f9d t he has n adopt$ ?is acc\nt )\t c>efully e/imat+ ! value ( 8 au?orities1 & ,i believe t he may be fairly tru/$4 ,! v>i\s reports1 giv5 by ,spani% writ]s1 ( prie/s ( ! gr& temple1 seem also to h be5 c>efully e/imat$ by ! hi/orian1 & ! numb] :i* !y am\nt$ to is put d[n at f\r ?\s& at ! lea/4 ,! high prie/ 0 second 9 dignity only to ! ,inca1 & he 0 g5]ally closely relat$ to ?is rul]4 ,! mon>* appo9t$ ?is ,p]uvian pope1 :o held (fice = life4 ,he _h ! appo9tm5t ( inf]ior prie/s1 b all mu/ be f ! sacr$ race ( ,incas4 ,! high prie/s ( ! prov9ces 7 always ( ! blood royal4 ,! hi]>*y wore no peculi> badge or dress1 nor 0 x ! sole deposit>y ( le>n+1 & x _h n to sup]9t5d education1 or to d p>o*ial "w4 ,^! duties 7 p]=m$ by o!rs ( ! ,inca class1 all ( :om 7 holy1 ?\gh n1 s to speak1 9 holy ord]s4 ,! prie/'s bus9ess 0 to m9i/] 9 ! temple2 8 sci5ce 0 conf9$ to a k ( ! fa/s & fe/ivals to be obs]v$ 9 connection ) religion1 = ^! 7 v num]\s1 & dem&$ sep>ate rituals4 ,! f\r pr9cipal fe/ivals 7 sol>1 i4e41 at ! equ9oxes & sol/ices1 t ( ,midsumm] be+ ! gr&e/1 on :i* occasion e "o :o c\ld f9d "t & money en\gh to d s visit$ ! capital city4 ,! fea/ 0 prec$$ by a ?ree days' fa/1 & no fires 7 to be light$ dur+ t p]iod4 ,:5 ! day arriv$ a va/ array ( p1 dress$ 9 _! h&some/ app>el1 cr[d$ ! /reets & squ>es1 wait+ = ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,:5 x appe>$ %\ts ( joy1 height5$ by in/rum5tal music1 7 rais$ 9 swell+ tones1 until ! :ole orb _h asc5d$ above ! horizon1 aft] :i* a libation 0 p\r$ ( f]m5t$ liquor1 & all ! nobles & ! k+ repair$ to ! great temple1 ea* individual1 except memb]s ( ! royal family1 remov+ _! s&als z !y ent]$4 ,aft] pray] came sacrifice1 animals1 gra91 fl[]s1 & sweet-sc5t$ gums be+ ! prescrib$ (f]+s2 sometimes a *ild or lovely maid5 0 also immolat$1 g5]ally to commemorate a coronation1 ! bir? ( a royal heir1 or a great victory4 ,cannibalism nev] foll[$ ! sacrifice2 & x may be add$1 p>5!tically1 t :5 ! ,incas conqu]$ & annex$ man-sacrific+ & man-eat+ tribes1 !y always abrogat$ ! cu/om1 & ) f> m decision & firmness ?an ,brita9 has %[n 9 aboli%+ self-immolation ( ,jugg]naut pilgrims 9 h] ,indian ,empire1 & ! burn+ ( wid[s ) _! dead sp\ses4 ,"s may d\bt :e!r a conqu]or ought to int]f]e ) ! religi\s cu/oms ( ! vanqui%$1 b few w\ld plead = ! cont9uance ( su* cu/oms z human sacrifice & cannibalism4 ,! animal usually sacrific$ by ! ,p]uvians 0 ! llama1 & ! prie/ :o (ficiat$ drew auguries f ! appe>ance ( ! inte/9es4 ,to effect ! oblation a sacr$ fire 0 n[ k9dl$ by a concave mirror :i* act$ z a burn+ glass1 precisely z 0 done by ,numa 9 ! days ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,if ! sky 0 cl\d$1 & no rays c\ld be collect$1 fire 0 produc$ by friction4 ,:5 light$1 ! fire 0 committ$ to ! c>e ( ! virg9s ( ! sun1 :o 7 b\nd to keep x up = ! ensu+ ye>4 ,aft] ! s+le sacrifice 0 complet$1 great numb]s ( o!r animals 7 slaught]$1 & a regul> c>\sal began1 att5d$ ) music1 danc+1 & dr9k+1 t la/$ = _m days1 dur+ :i* p]iod all ! l[] ord]s kept holiday4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( bread & w9e at ?is high fe/ival1 ! invad+ ,spani>ds saw a /rik+ resemblance to ! ,*ri/ian communion1 & !y recognis$ a simil> lik5ess 9 ! ,p]uvian practices ( confession & p5ance4 ,! virg9s ( ! sun 7 call$ ! elect1 & 7 "y maid5s tak5 f _! homes at an e>ly age1 & introduc$ into conv5ts1 :]e !y 7 plac$ "u ! c>e ( eld]ly matrons1 :o taught !m _! religi\s duties1 & h[ to sp9 & weave1 embroid] & adorn hang+s = ! temples1 & to frame g>m5ts = ! ,incas4 ,_! "w 0 su*1 t x 0 f\nd to be sup]ior to any :i* ! ,spani>ds _h ev] se51 or 7 !mselves able to produce4 ,! virg9s 7 sep>at$ :olly1 n simply1 f ! _w 9 g5]al1 b also f _! own relations & fri5ds--none b ! k+ & que5 c\ld ent] into _! conv5t4 ,! close/ att5tion 0 paid to ! morals ( ^! maid5s1 & visitors 7 s5t e ye> to inspect ! in/itutions1 & to report on ! /ate ( _! discipl9e2 a plan simil> to :i* has be5 repeat$ly propos$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,engl&1 yet nev] sanction$ by ! p>liam5t6 ,if a virg9 0 discov]$ 9 an intrigue %e 0 buri$ alive1 h] lov] 0 /rangl$1 & ! t[n or village to :i* he belong$ 0 raz$ to ! gr\nd1 & s[$ ) /ones1 to efface ev5 ! memory ( its site4 ,^! sol> att5dants 7 all ( royal blood1 & 7 e/imat$ to numb] fifte5 hundr$2 b to prov9cial conv5ts ! inf]ior nobility 7 all[$ to s5d _! daught]s1 & sometimes a peculi>ly lovely peasant girl 0 admitt$4 ,! conv5ts 7 all sumptu\sly furni%$4 ,b1 ?\gh virg9s ( ! sun1 !y 7 brides ( ! ,incas1 & we _c fail1 :5 we read ( ! va/ h>em ( ! ,p]uvian mon>*1 to ?9k ( ! female e/abli%m5ts ( ! ,jewi% ,solomon1 ( ! ,p]sian ,ahasu]us1 & t ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ( ,*ri/ian ,france4 ,if at any "t ! ,inca r$uc$ 8 h>em1 ! sup]flu\s concub9es 7 re/or$ to _! homes1 swell+ ) ! importance :i* !y _h ga9$ by _! famili>ity ) ! mon>*4 ,polygamy 0 p]mitt$4 ,matrimony 0 effect$ by ! ,inca1 or o!r *ief man1 jo9+ ! h&s ( ! p>ties4 ,! k+ usually esp\s$ 8 own si/]1 b no o!r p]son 0 all[$ to d s4 ,no m>riage 0 valid )\t ! cons5t ( p>5ts4 ,z a g5]al rule1 all unions 7 effect$ on ! same day ( ! ye>1 & ?us ! w$d+ ( c\ples 0 foll[$ by g5]al rejoic+4 ,! g5ius ( ! ,p]uvian gov]nm5t p5etrat$ into ! mo/ private recesses ( dome/ic life1 all[+ no man to act = himself1 ev5 9 ^? p]sonal matt]s 9 :i* none b himself1 or 8 family1 c\ld be int]e/$4 ,no ,p]uvian 0 too l[ = ! fo/]+ vigilance ( ! gov]nm5t2 none 0 s high t he 0 n made to feel 8 dep5d5ce ^u x 9 e act ( 8 life4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,incas 0 ! milde/1 b ! mo/ se>*+ & b5efic5t1 ( despotisms4 ,we n[1 b ) great reluctance1 leave our fri5dly guide1 ! accompli%$ ,prescott1 & ask ourselves1 once m1 ! lessons :i* we h le>n$ f ! dep>t$ races ( ! va/ ,am]ican cont95t4 ,c anyone d\bt t "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s results obta9$ is1 t ,*ri/ian rule1 & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 h n prov$ !mselves1 9 any respect1 sup]ior to ! ,incas' gov]nm5t & _! sol> religion8 ,:o c read ( ! civilization1 ! !ology1 & ! practice ( ! ,p]uvians1 )\t believ+ "o ( two ?+s--! "o1 t ,jewi% ritualism1 & ! majority ( ,*ri/ian tea*+1 is ( human inv5tion2 ! o!r1 t ! ,almighty has reveal$ ,8 w 9 ! ,we/]n z well z 9 ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e8 ,c any ?\ghtful man believe t ! brutal1 covet\s1 ly+ ,spani>ds1 :o broke1 ) impunity1 e comm&m5t promulgat$ 9 ^? ,gospels1 to ^: au?ority !y pr(ess$ allegiance1 & ^u :i* _! fai? is f\nd$1 7 bett] m51 or m fav\r$ by ! ,"l1 :o love? righte\sness & hate? iniquity1 ?an 7 ! g5tle ,p]uvians1 :o fell be=e !m z lambs & %eep be=e wolves & tig]s8 ,surely ! /ory ( ! ,incas %\ld make ,*ri/ians1 9 all ages1 blu% = _! inf]iority to ^?1 among/ :om nei!r ,moses1 ,samuel1 & o!r s-call$ prophets1 ,jesus1 nor any ( 8 apo/les1 prea*$2 & m /rongly %\ld x conv9ce u t ! wi% to d good on a l>ge scale c come o!rwise ?an by ! ,gospel4 ,if grace1 & peace1 & love came by ! ,naz>5e alone1 h[ is x--& let u pond] ov] ! "q deeply--t all ,*ri/ian c\ntries h be51 & t "s are /ill1 conspicu\s = ! brutality ( _! political & prie/ly gov]nm5ts1 = ! frequ5cy ) :i* !y make w>1 = _! f]ocity 9 ! de/ruction ( religi\s enemies1 & = ! int5se hatr$ ev9c$ aga9/ rival sects1 by ^? :o call !mselves ! repres5tatives ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 a nation :o nev] he>d ( ! son ( ,joseph or ( ,m>y1 %\ld be conspicu\s = ! virtues :i* ought to adorn ! soldi]s ( ! cross1 b d n8 ,surely1 if ! say+ be true1 by _! fruit ye %all "k !m1 ! d5iz5s ( ! old _w mu/ be *ildr5 ( ! ,devil1 :o d ! "w1 ( _! fa!r1 :il/ c]ta9 ( ! nations ( ! new _w1 z x is call$1 7 really *ildr5 ( ! light1 ab\nd+ 9 love1 *>ity1 & goodwill t[>ds all m54 ,to me x is a/oni%+ h[ ?\ghtful m51 :o h read acc\nts ( ! ,mexicans & ! ,p]uvians1 c cont9ue to believe t ! ,bible is ! book ( ,god1 writt5 by holy m51 ^: ?\ghts & diction 7 ess5tially ^? ( ! ?ird p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,:o c ass]t t ,abraham & ,jacob1 ,moses & ,a>on1 7 taught ( ,god1 & t to ! ,hebrews alone has ! ,creator reveal$ ,8 w8 ,:o c see1 9 ! s5sual k+ ,david1 a man aft] ,god's he>t1 & applaud ! brutal murd] ( ,agag1 ! de/ruction ( ! prie/s ( ,baal1 by ! ord]s ( ,elijah1 & ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,baalites 9 ,israel by ,jehu8 ,comp>$ ) su* wret*es z ^! ! ,incas 7 angels4 ,!y _h n left to !m ! bloody legacy :i* has come to ! ,*ri/ian _w by means ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 !y _h n be5 taught to believe t ! ,almighty revell$ 9 ! blood ( human be+s3 !y nev] _h1 among/ _! sacr$ songs1 v]ses l ! foll[+--t ?y foot may be dipp$ 9 ! blood ( enemies1 & ! tongue ( ?y dogs 9 ! same 7,ps4 lxviii4 #bc74 ,ah1 x is "t = civiliz$ m5 to cease _! admiration = a book :i* has produc$ su* frightful fruits1 & :i* has conv]t$ millions ( human be+s into inc>nate fi5ds4 ,! ,v$as & ! ,%a/]s--! writ+s ( ! ,buddhi/s1 & ^? ( ! ,p>sees & ! ,*9ese1 conta91 n[h]e1 su* a ju/ification ( :olesale murd]1 z d ! ,scriptures ( ! ,jews & ( ! ,*ri/ians499 ,f ^! h be5 drawn ! p[] to p]secute1 &1 if possible1 to ext]m9ate ^? :o wor%ip ,god 9 a diff]5t fa%ion to ^? 9 p[]4 ,calv9 0 z bad z ,torquemada2 &1 ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 x is only public op9ion t prev5ts fanatics1 l ! e>ly ,new ,engl&]s1 f r$uc+ _! ,*ri/ian hate to practical torture4 ,ev]y:]e ! pr(ess$ foll[]s ( ,jesus assume ! p[] to torm5t _! oppon5ts1 :5ev] !y c d s )\t break+ ! civil law1 & !re are few pulpits f :i* ! voice ( revilem5t1 contumely1 & d5unciation is n repeat$ly he>d4 ,! ,romans abuse ! ,anglicans2 ! ,e/abli%m5t sne]s at ,diss5t2 ,noncon=mi/s c5sure all *ur*es2 & all libel ^? :om !y call ,free ,?9k]s & ,a!i/s4 ,to f9d tol]ation 9 matt]s ( religion1 "o mu/ seek among/ ! ,dei/s1 or among/ ^? :o refuse to see 9 ! ,bible ! reveal$ w ( ,god to man4 99 ,see ,mat!w x4 #cd1 #he2 ,luke xii4 #di1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,c civilization gr[ out ( b>b>ism8 ,dislike ( progress1 especially if m5tal4 ,r$iscov]y ( anci5t k4 ,advance & retrogression4 ,*9a & ,japan--influ5ce ( /rang]s4 ,decad5ce ( nations--foll[$ by a rise4 ,! ,%emitic & ,negro races4 ,v>i$ religi\s ideas4 ,! ,negro ,feti% & ,obi4 ,jewi%1 ,arab1 & ,*ri/ian communication ) ! dead4 ,au/ralian idea ab\t :ite m54 ,ideas ( a s\l & futurity among/ ! ,aryans & ,egyptians4 ,_! prie/hood4 ,! ,aryans ,mono!i/e4 ,an ,aryan hymn4 ,max ,muell] & ,talboys ,:eel]4 ,aryan conceptions comp>$ ) ,psalm civ4 #a-d4 ,mono!ism ( ! ,egyptians4 ,%emitic religions4 ,at "o p]iod ( my life ,i ent]ta9$ ! idea t civilization nev] _h gr[n1 nor ev] c\ld gr[1 out ( b>b>ism4 ,p]haps ,i h n yet :olly ab&on$ x4 ,! consid]ations :i* ! "q involves are all b inf9ite4 ,x is d\btful :e!r we c r$uce !m into %ape )\t writ+ an ext5sive treatise4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 attempt to d s1 & pres5t ! subject to our read]s to ! be/ ( our ability4 ,z f> z our own p]sonal & hi/oric exp]i5ce goes1 we f9d t man has no natural prop5sity to le>n beyond t :i* he has receiv$ simply z an animal4 ,) him s*ool is a hateful place1 & education is a pa9ful process1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! highe/ civilization we see individuals :o ca/ f !m all ! luxuries ( life1 & desc5d volunt>ily to a level sc>cely sup]ior to t ( ! brute creation4 ,b ^? :o take k9dly to education1 & cons5t to try & le>n ev]y?+ :i* ! tea*] pres5ts to _! notice1 are b\nd$ by ! am\nt ( k possess$ by ! in/ructor1 :o _c imp>t to o!rs in=mation 9 matt]s ( :i* all are ignorant4 ,x is true t ,i once read a "q prop\nd$ by 8 s*oolma/] to "o ( my sons1 :i* ran--,enum]ate ^u pap] all ! capes1 bays1 & riv]s ( ,engl& t y don't "k by "n1 & describe ! seas :i* y h nev] he>d (4 ,)\t dwell+ ^u ! anecdote f>!r ?an to say1 t x po9ts out ! absurdity ( ! idea t education ( itself advances k1 we may pass on to rem>k1 t ev5 9 nations1 ^: intellect is highly cultivat$1 ! prop5sity to advance 9 k is s+ul>ly small4 ,?r\gh\t ! old _w an inv5tor is usually reg>d$ z a vision>y1 or a lunatic1 & fl\t$ by all 8 contempor>ies499 ,f ! "t ( ,ari/otle & ,hippocrates1 sc>cely any advance 0 made 9 philosophy1 &1 ?r\gh\t ,europe1 ! f\rte5? c5tury 0 z b>b>\s1 if n inde$ m s1 ?an ! fir/ ( our era2 & to su* a d>k age !re is a /rong cl]ical p>ty 9 ,great ,brita9 :i* desires u to return4 99 ,a man :o _h travell$ mu* once said to me1--,i w tell y ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 a ,yankee & an ,engli%man4 ,if y in=m ! latt] ( "s new discov]y-- or propose ! use ( "s rec5t inv5tion = 8 own b5efit--he w tell y ei!r t ! ?+ is old1 or wor?less4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y rec\nt to ! =m] :at y h told ! latt] (1 8 rejo9d] w be1 ,i c improve ^u t4 ,?is is true1 & we are n[ repeat$ly adopt+ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates discov]ies ( v>i\s k9ds1 :i* we reject$ :5 (f]$ to u 9 ! fir/ place4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ! prop5sity ( cultivat$ nations to rema9 quiesc5t1 !re d appe>1 f "t to "t1 individuals :o1 be+ discont5t$ ) ?+s z !y are1 endeav\r to br+ ab\t improvem5ts 9 ! arts1 ! sci5ces1 & ! g5]al conditions ( life4 ,! recognition ( a want1 is an inc5tive to a ?\ghtful m9d to supply ! exig5cy4 ,:5ev] an individual endeav\rs to atta9 a def9ite end1 he ex]cises 8 m9d1 n only 9 :at he has be5 already taught1 b :at he c obs]ve beyond t2 he rakes up1 if possible1 ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 /udies _! proce$+s1 & exp]im5ts ) a def9ite object1 & pond]s ^u ! aff9ities1 nature1 & ! l1 ( e sub/ance :i* he surmises may be ( s]vice to him4 ,:51 by ^! means1 he has obta9$ 8 purpose1 he w repeat$ly f9d t he has done no m ?an r$iscov] a some?+ :i* 0 kn[n ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e 8 "t4 ,)\t a d\bt1 mu* ( ! philosophy1 sci5ce1 art1 religion1 c41 ( ! pres5t day1 is due to a close obs]vation & an atta9m5t to ! k possess$ by our pr$ecessors4 ,is !re any ?+ :]e( x may be said1 see ?is is new8--x ha? be5 already ( old "t1 :i* 0 be=e u 7,eccles4 i4 #aj74 ,if ?is be true1 ev5 ?\gh x may only be s to a p>tial ext5t1 x is cle>ly m philosophical to believe t "s primeval m5 7 creat$ ) a consid]able am\nt ( k1 r ?an t all 7 savage1 b>ely1 if at all1 sup]ior to monkeys1 & t "o or m ( ^!1 gradually elevat$ _! race1 by degrees s sl[1 z to be imp]ceptible 9 less "t ?an _m ?\s& ye>s4 ,?is side ( ! argum5t receives corroboration :5 we /udy ! hi/ory ( su* semi-civiliz$ c\ntries z ,*9a1 & su* b>b>\s regions z ^? ( ,africa & ,au/ralia4 ,9 none ( ^! p>ts d we see any g5]al prop5sity to advance4 ,9 ! fir/ we see a retrogression2 !re is n[ no ef=t to repair anci5t roads :i* h be5 worn away by c5turies ( traffic1 to re/ore ! old temples1 t[]s1 & l&m>ks1 erect$ :5 "t 0 y\ng]1 or ev5 to keep up ! tea*+s ( ,confucius4 ,a simil> apa?y exi/$ among/ ! ,japanese--yet no soon] d ! civiliz$ nations ( ,europe %[ ! rul]s ( ,*9a & ,japan t x is necess>y = !m to improve1 if !y desire to reta9 _! p[]1 ?an !y attempt to le>n ! arts :i* h enabl$ _! rivals to ov]come !m4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! progress is recogniz$ z due to ! int]f]5ce ( a nation1 sup]ior = ! "t be+1 to t ^: education has be5 faulty4 ,advance1 !n1 9 su* c\ntries1 is cle>ly due to =eign influ5ce1 r ?an to an innate prop5sity to g5]al1 m5tal1 sci5tific1 or practical developm5t4 ,b1 on ! o!r side1 x may be alleg$ t ! ,african has be5 9 exi/5ce f "t immemorial--t he has be5 9 contact ) ! civilization ( anci5t & mod]n ,egypt--) ,*ri/ianity--) ! anci5t ,tyrians & ,c>?ag9ians--) ! ,arabs--) ! ,spani>ds1 ,portuguese1 & ,briti%1 & yet ! ,african tribes rema9 almo/ z savage n[ z :5 !y fir/ 7 kn[n4 ,simil> rem>ks apply to ! inhabitants ( ! ,&aman ,isles1 ( ! va/ isl&s ( ,borneo1 ,celebez1 ,papua1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & o!rs4 ,yet 9 _m places1 n[ consid]$ b>b>\s1 we see ! rema9s ( previ\s empires--& :5 we are able to f9d "s comp>atively au!ntic hi/ory :i* tells ( ! ov]?r[ ( a p[]ful k+dom1 x is cle> t ! civiliz$ p h usually be5 de/roy$ by ! b>b>ian4 ,! weal? ( ,rome tempt$ ! hordes f ! inhospitable nor?1 j z ! gold ( ,mexico & ,p]u 7 ! causes ( _! decad5ce "u ! ,spani>ds1 ^: p 7 9 !mselves sc>cely sup]ior to ! troops l$ by ,al>ic1 ,g5s]ic1 & o!r s call$ b>b>ians4 ,yet we "k1 z 9 ! case ( ,spa9 h]self1 t decad5ce f civilization to comp>ative b>b>ism may be due to causes inh]5t 9 ! p & its gov]nors1 :olly indep5d5t ( =eign conque/4 ,?is decad5ce is due to ! be/ial prop5sities ( man be+ all[$ to dom9ate ov] ! intellectual1 & ! result is ! same1 :e!r ! animal passions be cultivat$ by a debas$ & degrad+ policy ( mon>* & prie/1 or by ! indol5ce ( ea* individual4 ,by develop+ ! tra9 ( ?\ght ?us indicat$1 we imag9e t ! philosophical read] w conclude t among/ m51 "s race1 family1 or tribe1 has be5 creat$ ) intellig5ce1 z mu* above ! re/ ( _! k9d z ! elephant is sup]ior to ! hippopotamus1 & ! dog to ! cat1 & t o!rs are g5]ically z l[ z is ! ,au/ralian d+o 9 ! can9e race4 ,^? once p]fect may det]iorate1 yet c>ry ) !m ! p[] ( ris+ aga9--:il/ ^? orig9ally l[ nev] rise at all1 no matt] :at example may be set !m1 unless =ce is us$ to make !m le>n4 ,to ^! we mu/ add a ?ird set1 specially to include ! ,am]ican1 = we h no evid5ce :atev] t ! civilization ( ! ,aztec & ,p]uvian 0 any?+ m ?an a re/oration ( ! sci5tific k ( a m anci5t p1 possibly ( an ,aryan /ock4 ,:o t is acqua9t$ ) ! ,%emitic race c fail to see 9 its p ! type ( an anci5t condition :i* has decay$1 until1 l a fall5 g5tleman1 x c only %[ :at once x 01 by cons]v+ & exhibit+ a few ornam5ts ( no value1 save f _! age1 b ^: sons may yet become pr9ces 9 _! pat]nal doma9s8 ,:o t /udies ! negro 9 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 & ,/4 ,dom+o1 c fail to see t he is1 or1 at any rate has hi!rto %[n himself1 almo/ :olly incapable ( developm5t z a philosophic man8 ,& :o c read ! pages ( ,prescott )\t recogniz+ ! fact t "s ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,am]ica inaugurat$--unassi/$1 z we judge by any example f o!rs--a /yle ( religion & gov]nm5t ( :i* ! _w has h>dly1 if at all1 se5 an equal8 ,yet x is rem>kable1 t bo? ! ,mexican & ,p]uvian trac$ _! laws & in/itutions to /rang]s :o came among/ !m1 z ,oannes did to ! ,babylonians1 & :o taught !m :at arts1 religion1 & sci5ce !y !mselves _h4 ,! subject ( c5tres ( human life into :i* our consid]ations h drawn u1 is by f> too va/ = discussion "h4 ,x involves ! /udy ( geology1 ( an?ropology1 ( glossology1 ( navigation1 ( physical geography1 ( climate1 ( ! laws ( reproduction1 ( ! influ5ces ( climate ov] animals1 & ( diet ^u man4 ,into all ^! we d>e n ent]3 we %all conf9e ourselves r to consid]+ ! religi\s ideas ( ! l[e/ ( ! kn[n races ( mank9d2 & !n proce$ to ^? :i* h be5 held by :at we may call ! oscillat+ p1 i4e41 ^? vibrat+ repeat$ly betwe5 a /ate ( empire & "o ( slav]y1 l ! p ( ,h9do/an1 ,babylon1 ,judea1 ,greece1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,egypt4 ,:5 we endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! religion ( ! negro1 by :i* t]m we include all ! black native tribes ( ,africa1 we f9d ourselves almo/ 9 ! position ( a mod]n *emi/ seek+ = ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,9 no s+le book1 & ,i h read v _m1 c ,i f9d any tru/wor?y evid5ce ( ! negro hav+ any religion at all4 ,x is true t travell]s 9 ,abyss9ia1 & ^? :o are n[ return$ f _! successful exp$ition aga9/ ,magdala1 tell u t 9 ,abyss9ia !re is a =m ( religion :i* is evid5tly a corrupt =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ) ?is exception1 ! blacks seem to h no idea ( t cong]ies ( fact & fiction1 dogma1 ritual1 & practice1 :i* passes curr5t = religion 9 m civiliz$ c\ntries4 ,yet ?\gh !y h no def9ite idea ( a ,creator1 & ! way 9 :i* ,he works ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 !y h a dread ( "s unse5 p[]1 &1 l a numb] ( fright5$ *ildr51 dread ! effects ( feti%1 & ! p[] ( ! ,obi or ,obeah man4 ,:5 ! m9d is pr$ispos$ to fe>1 & x is s among/ ! l[] animals z well z 9 man1 x is a/oni%+ at :at contemptible objects "o may /& agha/4 ,i c vividly rememb] be+ s5t1 :il/ a v "y *ild1 ) a message f an aunt1 at ^: home ,i 0 /ay+1 to ! maid1 :o 0 wa%+ 9 an ou?\se1 b ere ,i rea*$ ! door ( ! latt]1 ,i 0 t]rifi$ at a head :i* seem$ to be ris+ f ! gr\nd1 ,su* 0 my horror t ,i ran away1 too pr\d to scream1 yet almo/ fa9t+ ) horror4 ,to me t anci5t batt]$ b>b]'s doll 0 feti%1 & if my fri5ds _h det]m9$ to cultivate ! timidity :i* ,i !n %[$1 x is q possible t to ?is day ,i might h a dread n dissimil> to t ( ! ,african4 ,z x 01 my aunt told me t :at _h sc>$ me1 0 only a piece ( c>v$ & pa9t$ wood1 & s put me ^u my mettle1 t ,i deliv]$ my message & gave ! image a kick 9 ! face2 yet my val\r 0 %ort liv$1 & dur+ ! re/ ( my soj\rn ,i d>$ n v5ture )9 sight ( ! bugbe>4 ,to all int5ts & purposes t human head 01 9 my e/imation1 ! gu>dian ( ! g>d5--its pres5ce made all )9 its influ5ce "u taboo--_h ,i v5tur$ to tell a lie1 or to h be5 naughty1 ,i _c conceive t any puni%m5t w\ld h be5 great] ?an be+ doom$ to sit 9 ! pres5ce ( ! weird image4 ,h5ce ,i c easily und]/& ! abject t]ror ( ! ,african at feti%1 & 8 dread ( ! ,obeah man1 :o ass]ts t he c direct ^u :om he w ! p[] ( ! unkn[n god4 ,s great is ! fe> ( ?is negro magician1 & s common is t fe> to man 9 g5]al1 t we sometimes f9d ! :ite man z full ( x z ! black4 ,i h _h1 = example1 "u my own c>e1 an ,engli%man ( good education1 :o1 :il/ sup]9t5d5t ( a ,jamaica plantation1 became s c[$ by ,obi1 t he 0 oblig$ to give up 8 position & return to ,engl&1 lit]ally insane ^u ! subject ( feti% & ,obeah1 & :olly unfitt$ = any "w :atev]4 ,! objects to :i* ! "n ( feti% is giv5 are v num]\s--a rock1 a /one1 a tree1 a pool1 a dri$ monkey1 an alligator1 man1 or skull--any?+ w suit ! purpose4 ,"o :i* is said to be v popul> among/ *iefta9s is prep>$ some:at 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,! head ( a fa!r is remov$ aft] dea?1 & s plac$1 t z ! bra9 decays & s(t5s1 x may fall into a receptacle already half fill$ ) palm oil or o!r grease4 ,! mat]ial s =m$1 consi/+ to a great ext5t ( ! ?\ghtful organ ( ! sire1 is !n suppos$ to give 8 _s to ! son1 :5ev] ! latt] sme>s himself ) x1 or takes x z a pot5t m$ic9al spell4 ,! head ?us plac$ becomes ! royal feti%1 & ! k+ goes to take c\nsel f x j z anci5t prie/s inquir$1 or pret5d$ to inquire1 f ! god or "l ( "s %r9e or oracle4 ,i _c *>ge my memory ) ev]y?+ t has be5 at "o "t or ano!r reg>d$ z an object ( wond]1 wor%ip1 or feti%1 b ,i h an indi/9ct recollection t a musical box has be5 v5]at$ by ,africans1 z mu* z ! ,ancilia1 ! ,palladium1 ! ,diana :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]1 ! ,caaba or black /one ( ,mecca1 ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 ! braz5 s]p5t1 ! wood ( ! true cross1 ! nails :i* pi]c$ ,jesus1 & ! h&k]*ief :i* 0 us$ to wipe ! face ( ! suff]+ ,naz>ite1 all ( :i* h be5 sacr$ among/ civiliz$ nations1 & are /ill ador$ by "s4 ,x w\ld be difficult = a philosoph] to draw a di/9ction betwe5 an ,african feti% & a ,papal relic4 ,!re is no virtue :i* ! ,romani/ has attribut$ to old bones1 old nails1 old %oes1 old coats1 old h\ses1 old /aircases1 old bits ( wood1 old l9ks ( *a9s1 old hairs1 old /atues1 c41 t has n be5 equally attribut$ by negroes to "s absurd feti% 9 ,a%antee1 ,dahomey1 or else:]e4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! va/ ,african cont95t1 h[ev]1 !re seems to be an indi/9ct idea ( a life aft] dea?1 & :5 a great man dies1 or is kill$1 8 wives1 & _m ( 8 slaves1 are sacrific$ = 8 future use1 & va/ human sacrifices are made annually 9 8 hon\r1 t ! dep>t$ may he>1 f "t to "t1 ( ! welf>e ( ^? :om he has left beh9d4 ,feel+ indispos$ to reg>d ?is practice z ! (fspr+ ( religi\s fai?1 ,i w\ld comp>e x ) ! crude conceptions ( "s ( ! l[e/ class 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 aye1 ( "s cultivat$ intellects z well1 :o pr(ess to be able1 by means ( m$ia1 to communicate ) ! dead1 or :o s5d messages to _! dep>t$ relatives by fri5ds t are dy+4 ,! mo/ rem>kable developm5t ( ?is idea :i* ,i h yet met ) has rec5tly occurr$ 9 ,france1 :]e a "y man attempt$ to murd] a beautiful "y woman1 to :om he 0 a total /rang]1 ! reason he assign$ be+1 t he int5d$ to commit suicide imm$iately aft] ! murd]1 s t he might ent] ! future _w ) a pleasant companion4 ,we c sc>cely reg>d ! p]sons figur+ 9 ! foll[+ true /ory z be+ v mu* sup]ior to ! ,k+ ( ,dahomey4 ,9 a well-c>$ = ,engli% village a poor woman 0 ab\t to die 9 ! full od\r ( ,prote/ant sanctity4 ,9 y\? %e _h lo/ "o leg1 & n[ _h disease 9 ! o!r4 ,to h] came an old woman & said1--,i he> ?\'s go9' to dee ,betty1 & t ?\'s go9' to heav5--at lea/ p>son says s--:5 ?\'s got !re1 willee tell my owd man t ,i've j b\ght t field z he set 8 he>t on4 ,oh de>1 said ! dy+ woman1 h[ c ,i g /ump+ all ab\t heav5 ) my legs 9 ! /ate !y're 94 ,well1 y c tell him at anyrate if y happ5 to see him g by6 ,pass+ f ! ,african1 let u n[ say a ^w or two ab\t ! ,au/ralian4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 ,mit*ell1 :o /ates1 9 an acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 t c\ntry1 t ! :ite m5 7 us$ 9 a mann] s consid]ate1 9 "s in/ances1 inde$1 s k9dly1 t he 0 induc$ to inquire into ! cause4 ,he f\nd t ^! fri5dly tribes 7 9 ! habit ( eat+ _! defunct relatives--be+ always %ort ( provisions1 !y us$ man meat1 z d o!r />v+ creatures :5 !y dev\r _! l--& !y cook$ ! body mu* 9 ! same way z we d dead pig4 ,by scald+ ! c>cass1 ! cuticle & ! black lay]1 call$ rete mucosum1 0 remov$1 & ! corpse became :ite4 ,?is gave ! p ! notion t ,europeans 7 _! own dead relatives return$ f ! _s _w4 ,sir ,g4 ,gray also1 9 8 acc\nt ( an exp$ition to ! nor?-we/ coa/s ( ! same va/ isl&1 describes h[ all ! p ) :om he came into contact believ$ 9 ! p[] ( sorc]y or wit*craft4 ,)\t ext5d+ our inquiry into ! undevelop$ religi\s ideas ( o!r b>b>ians1 we may affirm1 f ! prec$+ examples1 t !re is1 ev5 among/ ! l[e/ human be+s1 "s idea ( a future /ate1 & ( ! exi/5ce ( "s unse5 p[]1 :i* may "w mis*ief ^u !mselves or _! fri5ds4 ,beyond ^! vague notions ! savage :o has nei!r be5 taught1 nor inh]it$ ! p[] or prop5sity to le>n1 r>ely1 if ev]1 passes4 ,if1 !n1 ! surmise to :i* we gave utt]ance a:ile ago is f\nd$ 9 tru?1 we may fairly endeav\r to asc]ta9 :at is ! race1 or ! p1 :i* h be5 born ) a high] religi\s developm5t1 a great] capacity = le>n+1 & a high] appreciation ( ! value ( agriculture & civilization ?an ! re/ ( ! _w's inhabitants4 ,we n[ f9d ourselves on ! ?re%old ( a "q :i* has1 = _m ye>s pa/1 divid$ ! sci5tific _w1 viz41 ,0 !re orig9ally "o human c\ple only1 or 7 !re _m intellectual c5tres8 ,into ?is matt] x w\ld be unpr(itable to ent]1 = to give an acc\nt ( ! ,*9ese1 ,egyptian1 ,aryan1 ,am]ican1 & ,%emitic races1 w\ld require _m huge volumes4 ,x w1 probably1 be p]mitt$ to me to omit f ! inquiry all b ,aryans & ,egyptians4 ,i select ^! because ,i h1 9 ! prec$+ volumes1 descant$ l>gely ^u ! fai? ( ! ,babylonians1 ,assyrians1 ,tyrians1 & o!rs1 & because ,i believe t ^! anci5ts h done v mu* to modify ! fai? ( ,europe4 ,if "t & opportunity p]mitt$1 ,i fancy t anyone might make a mo/ int]e/+ analysis ( t :i* ,europe owes to ! ,%emites1 ,egyptians1 & ,aryans respectively2 b x is beyond our p[]s at pres5t to g into ! :ole subject4 ,! volumes :i* h rec5tly be5 publi%$ ab\t ! ,anci5t ,h9doo religion may be c\nt$ by doz5s1 & ! writ+s ( ,egyptologi/s are almo/ equally num]\s4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 cont5t ourselves ) a ref]5ce to a few ma9 po9ts4 ,x seems to be an und\bt$ fact1 t bo? ! ,egyptians & ,aryans recogniz$ ! exi/5ce ( a s\l 9 human be+s1 & believ$ t x surviv$ ! dissolution ( ! body 9 "s /ate1 ^: position & physical condition 7 unkn[n4 ,!y held1 moreov]1 t ! locality & condition ( ! spiritual "p ( man aft] dea? dep5d$ ^u ! actions ( ! individual dur+ life4 ,bo? p believ$ 9 ! influ5ce ( pray]1 ( sacrifices1 ( a mac]ation1 or tortur+ ( ! fle%y body1 & !y _h1 moreov]1 ea* ( !m1 a prie/ly race1 :o regulat$ fe/ivals1 orda9$ c]emonies1 & prescrib$ ev]y?+ :i* ^? :o reg>d$ _! spiritual welf>e %\ld d4 ,i believe t ! ,egyptians 71 9 reality1 mono!i/ic2 b my au?ority = ! idea has escap$ me4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! anci5t ,aryans 7 s1 & ,i _c d bett] ?an ref] my read]s to ! ,hi/ory ( ,sanscrit ,lit]ature1 by ,max ,muell]1 & ! fir/ vol4 ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,india1 by ,talboys ,:eel]4 ,yet1 z ! fir/ is out ( pr9t1 & ! second a volume ( consid]able size1 x w1 p]haps1 be judici\s if ,i quote "s passages f bo?4 ,! foll[+ hymn1 translat$ by ,m4 ,m41 p4 #eei sq41 is1 to my own ideas1 f> m gr& 9 conception ?an any o!r :i* ,i h read1 & %[s a dep? or sublimity ( ?\ght t c\ld only be atta9$ by a pr(\ndly intellig5t intellect4 ,mod]ns might equal x1 none c\ld surpass x4 ,speak+ ( ! beg9n+1 ! words run1 ,no?+ t is1 0 !n2 ev5 :at is n1 did n exi/ !n4 ,! poet !n proce$s to d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! sky1 & ( ! firmam5t1 & yet1 unable to be> ! idea ( an unlimit$ no?+1 he exclaims1 ,:at 0 x t hid or cov]$ ! exi/+8 :at 0 ! refuge ( :at8 0 wat] ! deep abyss1 ! *aos :i* swall[$ up ev]y?+8 ,!n 8 m9d1 turn+ away f nature1 dwells ^u man1 & ! problem ( human life4 ,!re 0 no dea?1 !re=e !re 0 no?+ immortal ,!re 0 no space1 no life1 & la/ly1 !re 0 no "t--no diff]5ce betwe5 day & night--no sol> tor* by :i* morn+ might h be5 told f ev5+4 ,t ,"o brea!d brea?less by itself1 o!r ?an x1 no?+ s9ce has be54 ,t ,"o brea!d & liv$2 x enjoy$ m ?an m]e exi/5ce2 yet its life 0 n dep5d5t ^u any?+ else1 z our life dep5ds ^u ! air we brea!4 ,x brea!d1 brea?less4 ,d>kness !re 01 & all at fir/ 0 veil$ 9 gloom1 pr(\nd z ocean )\t life4 ,muell] !n r describes :at ! poet means ?an gives 8 words2 ,i w1 !re=e1 adopt n[1 = ! re/ ( ! hymn1 ! metrical v]sion1 :i* he gives at p4 #efd3-- ,! g]m t /ill lay cov]$ 9 ! husk ,bur/ =?1 "o nature1 f ! f]v5t heat4 ,!n fir/ came ,love ^u x1 ! new spr+ ,( m9d2 yea1 poets 9 _! he>ts disc]n$1 ,pond]+ ?is bond betwe5 creat$ ?+s ,& uncreat$4 ,comes ?is sp>k f e>?1 ,pi]c+ & all-p]vad+1 or f heav58 ,^! se$s 7 s[n1 & mighty p[] arose1 ,nature bel[1 & ,p[] & ,w above4 ,:o kn[s ! secret8 :o proclaim$ x "h8 ,:5ce1 :5ce ?is manifold creation sprang8 ,! gods !mselves came lat] into be+4 ,:o kn[s f :5ce ?is great creation sprang8 ,he1 f :om all ?is great creation came4 ,:e!r ,8 w creat$ or 0 mute1 ,! ,mo/ ,high se]1 t is 9 highe/ heav51 ,he kn[s x2 or1 p]*ance1 e'en ,he kn[s n ,"o m hymn is ev5 m di/9ct 9 its mono!ism1 p4 #efi4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re arose ! s\rce ( gold5 light4 ,he 0 ! only born ,"l ( all t is4 ,he e/abli%$ ! e>? & ?is sky4 ,:o is ! ,god to :om we %all (f] our sacrifice8 ,he :o gives life4 ,he :o gives /r5g?2 ^: bless+ all ! bright gods desire2 ^: %ad[ is immortality2 ^: %ad[ is dea?4444 ,he :o1 ?r\gh ,8 p[]1 is ! only ,k+ ( ! brea?+ & ! awak5+ _w4 ,he :o gov]ns all--man & bea/4444 ,he ^: p[] ^! sn[y m\nta9s1 ^: p[] ! sea proclaims1 ) ! di/ant riv]4 ,he ^: ^! regions are1 z x 71 ,8 two arms4444 ,he ?r\gh :om ! sky is bright1 & ! e>? firm4 ,he ?r\gh :om ! heav5 0 '/abli%$1 nay1 ! highe/ heav54 ,he :o measur$ out ! light 9 ! air4444 ,he to :om heav5 & e>?1 /&+ firm by ,8 w1 look up1 trembl+ inw>dly4 ,he ov] :om ! ris+ sun %9es =?4444 ,:]e-ev] ! mighty wat]-cl\ds w5t1 :]e !y plac$ ! se$1 & lit ! fire1 !nce arose ,he :o is ! only life ( ! bright gods4444 ,he :o1 by ,8 might1 look$ ev5 ov] ! wat]-cl\ds1 ! cl\ds :i* gave /r5g?1 & lit ! sacrifice4 ,he :o is ,god above all gods4444 ,may ,he n de/roy u4 ,he1 ! creator ( ! e>?2 or ,he1 ! righte\s1 :o creat$ ! heav54 ,he :o also creat$ ! bright & mighty wat]s4 ,9 ?is hymn ,i h only omitt$ ! repeat$ "q--,:o is ! ,god to :om we %all (f] our sacrifice8 ,( ! high antiquity ( ^! productions no compet5t s*ol> ent]ta9s a d\bt4 ,x is n c]ta9 h[ _m ye>s be=e our era x 0 compos$1 b x is consid]$ t x 0 prior to ,b4 ,c4 #bjjj1 long be=e ! "t :5 ! ideal ,moses is said to h writt51 & a =tiori ant]ior1 by at lea/ a ?\s& ye>s1 to ! au?ors ( ! ,book ( ,psalms4 ,talboys ,:eel] rem>ks1 p4 #bg--;,hav+ ?us sket*$ g5]ally ! individual "* ( ! lead+ deities ( ! ,aryans z !y appe> 9 ! ,rig ,v$a1 x may be advisable to glance at t conception ( ,"o ,supreme ,be+1 z 9 all & above all1 :i* f9ds full expression 9 ! ,v$ic hymns4 ,^u ?is po9t ! foll[+ passages w be f\nd v significant3--',:o has se5 ! primeval be+ at ! "t ( ,8 be+ born8 :at is t end[$ ) sub/ance t ! unsub/antial su/a9s8 f e>? are ! brea? & blood1 b :]e is ! s\l--:o may repair to ! sage to ask ?is8 ,:at is t ,"o alone1 :o has upheld ^! six sph]es 9 ! =m ( an unborn8' ,!n foll[s ! hymn j quot$ f ,m4 ,muell]4 ,i may add t ! s-call$ gods ,indra1 ,agni1 ,surya1 ! ,m>uts1 c41 are only p]sonifications ( ! ab/ract p[]s ( nature1 ! sky1 fire1 ! sun1 ! w9ds1 c4 ,^! are ! same conceptions z are ref]r$ to 9 ,ps4 civ4 #a-d--!y are n deities1 b m9i/]s4 ,x w probably be said by ! or?odox t ^! descriptions ( ! creation & ! ,creator are m]e ef=ts ( ! human m9d1 & n ! products ( revelation4 ,we grant x at once1 & answ]1 :y1 !n1 %\ld ! comp>atively mis]able conceptions ( "o or m ,hebrews1 :o knew no?+ ( a s\l or a future life till !y _h le>n$ x f ! ,*aldeans or ! ,p]sians1 be reg>d$ diff]5tly8 ,0 ! ,jewi% ignorance ! result ( ,div9e inspiration8 ,did ! ,devil give to ! hea!n ! k ( ,satan's orig9 & p[]8 ,if s1 :y did ! ,jews1 & :y d ,*ri/ians1 adopt x8 ,i h already m5tion$ t ! ,aryans believ$ 9 ! efficacy ( pray] to _! gods3 !y (f]$ to !m1 mu* z we d n[1 supplications = ra91 abundant h>ve/s1 prolific cattle1 bodily vig\r1 long life1 num]\s prog5y1 c41 j z did1 v r>ely1 ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,we may n[ make "s quotations f ! ,egyptian ,ritual = ! ,dead 7,buns5's ,egypt1 ,vol4 ,v474 ,o s\l1 greate/ ( ?+s creat$ 7p4 #afe72 ,i am ! ,great ,god1 creat+ himself 7p4 #agb72 ,oh ,"l ( ! great abode1 ,*ief ( ! gods 7p4 #agg74 ,?r\gh\t ?is invocation1 h[ev]1 ! "l ( ! univ]se seems to be spok5 ( z ! sun "u v>i\s titles4 ,!re is frequ5t ref]5ce to ! dang] ( ! s\l fall+ into ! p[] ( "s malignant deity1 & or?odoxy is secur$ by address+ e good god by 8 or h] prop] title4 ,!re is no gr& conception any:]e1 & ! endless repetitions disgu/ ! ord9>y read]4 ,i mu/ add t ! sun1 ,osiris1 & ! male organ1 are spok5 ( z emblematic ( ea* o!r4 ,if we next turn to ! ,%emitic religions1 we h to cont5d ) ! difficulty produc$ by ! paucity ( writt5 records1 & ! d\bts :i* exi/ ab\t c]ta9 epi!ts t relate to ! gods4 ,z f> z ,i c discov]1 !re 0 an idea ( a ,supreme ,be+1 ^: "n 0 ,jeho4 ,io4 ,i\41 or ! l1 & ,il or ,el4 ,8 m9i/]s 7 ! sun1 moon1 planets1 con/ellations1 & />s4 ,8 emblems 7 ! sexual organs1 & wor%ip 01 to a great degree1 lic5ti\s4 ,!re 0 no conception ( a spiritual life aft] dea?1 or ( a /ate ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,sacrifice 0 ?\ght mu* (1 b ,i d\bt :e!r !re 0 any?+ l :at we "k z pray]4 ,at any rate1 9 all ^? p>ts ( ! ,bible :i* seem to be ! olde/1 !re is a s+ul> abs5ce ( any =mula or comm& = supplication4 ,solomon's pray] is comp>atively ( mod]n date4 ,inde$1 ?is vacuity is impli$ 9 ! expression ( "o ( ,jesus' disciples1 ,tea* u to pray1 z ,john also taught 8 disciples 7,luke xi4 #a71 ?us %[+ cle>ly t ! practice ( pray] 0 n a ,judaic1 i4e41 ,mosaic "o499 99 ,z a fri5d1 :o has be5 k9d en\gh to assi/ me to correct ^! %eets 9 _! passage ?r\gh ! press1 consid]s t ,i ought to give "s reasons = ! ass]tion made 9 ! text1 ! foll[+ in=mation is app5d$3-- ,i4 ,!re are1 9 all1 ab\t a score ( diff]5t words 9 ,hebrew :i* h be5 translat$1 pray]1 ,i pray1 pray+1 c4 ,^! are--7#a7 ahnah or ahna1 7#b7 begah1 7#c7 ghalah1 7#d7 ghanan1 7#e7 loo1 7#f7 lahga%1 7#g7 na1 7#h7 ga?>1 7#i7 pagag1 7#aj7 pahlal1 7#aa7 tztlah1 7#ab7 seeagh1 7#ac7 %oal1 7#ad7 tephilah4 ,! re/ are diff]5t =ms ( ! same roots4 ,,ii4 ,^! words d n1 except 9 a few in/ances1 really be> ! signification ( pray] or int]cession1 :i* is giv5 to !m 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,v]sion ( ! ,bible2 z any "o may conv9ce himself by consult+ ,wigram's ,hebrew concordance4 ,?us1 ,no4 #a1 9 ?ree in/ances1 is translat$ 9 ! ,a4 ,v4 by ! int]jection or17,,ol7 ,no4 #b1 9 ! ,a4 ,v4 is once us$ z pray+1 b 9 o!r p>ts z seek+ = p]sons1 desir+ or reque/+1 & mak+4 ,no4 #h is translat$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,a4 ,v4 ,i am weak ,i fell sick1 0 n griev$1 a p>turi5t woman cry+1 to put "o's self to pa91 is griev\s1 ha? laid1 is my infirmity1 & ^! mean+s are f> m common ?an ! signification ( pray]4 ,no4 #d is only us$ twice1 & is 9 "o place translat$ by %[+ m]cy1 & 9 ! o!r by mak+ supplication4 ,no4 #e is translat$ ,o t1 p]adv5ture1 w\ld ,god t1 if1 if haply1 ?\gh1 & only once ,i pray !e4 ,no4 #f is translat$ en*antm5t1 orator1 e>r+s1 *>m$1 & once only pray]1 ) ! m>g9al read+ secret spee*4 ,no4 #g is 9 "o place n[1 9 ano!r ,oh1 g to1 z well z ,i pray1 & ?is 9 ! same s5se z we %\ld use ! words to a *ild ,i wi% y w\ld be quiet ,no4 #h is g5]ally us$ 9 ! s5se ( intreaty or pray]1 b x once is f\nd z e>ne/1 & multiply+ words1 z 9 a ,litany4 ,no4 #i is us$ to signify he came1 rea*$1 ?\ %alt meet1 fall ^u1 or kill1 he light$ on a c]ta9 place1 !y met toge!r1 & 9 ! #ec;d *apt] ( ,isaiah ! same ^w is us$ 9 v]se #f1 = ! ,"l ha? laid on him ! iniquity ( u all1 & 9 v]se #ab1 = & made int]cession = ! transgressors6 ,no4 #aj is us$ almo/ exclusively = pray]1 b x is only f\nd six times 9 ! :ole ,p5tateu*1 9 "o ( :i* x is read ,i _h no ?\ght 9 ! ,a4 ,v4 ,no4 #aa is only f\nd twice1 once 9 ,ezra & once 9 ,daniel1 & signifies pray] 9 bo?4 ,no4 #ab has _m int]pretations 9 ! ,a4 ,v41 viz41 m$itation1 speak+1 talk+1 compla9+1 decl>+1 9 "o in/ance only is x translat$ pray1 & t 9 ! app>5tly important text ,ps4 lv4 #ag1 ,ev5+ & morn+ & at noon w ,i pray4 ,z a sub/antive ! ^w is r5d]$ z compla9t1 talk+1 m$itation1 babbl+1 & only once pray]1 & t 9 ,ps4 lv4 #b1 ,he> my voice1 ,o ,god1 9 my pray]4 ,no4 #ac is g5]ally translat$ ask1 z we %\ld rem>k1 well1 if he asks me :at mu/ ,i say8 beg1 z he %all beg 9 h>ve/2 consult$1 9 ! text he consult$ ) images1 salute1 to salute him ( peace2 enquir$1 ,saul enquir$ ( ! ,"l2 wi%$1 & wi%$ 9 himself to die2 l5t1 ,i h l5t him to ! ,"l1 s t !y l5t unto !m4 ,no4 #ad is us$ exclusively = pray]1 b ! ^w is n to be f\nd 9 ! :ole ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,,iii4 ,!re is reason to believe t ! mo/ important ( ^! words h come f ! ,p]sian1 a language alli$ to ! ,sanscrit2 & if s1 x is cle> t ! idea ( pray] 0 adopt$ by ! ,jews aft] !y 7 patronis$ by ! conqu]ors ( ,babylon4 ,"s ( ! o!r words are ,aramaic1 & probably ev5 m mod]n ?an ! re/4 ,= example1 ,no4 #aj is comp>$ by ,fur/ 9 8 ,hebrew & ,*aldee ,lexicon1 to ! ,sanscrit phal1 & ,no4 #h may also be d]iv$ f ! ,p]sian1 & a ,sanscrit root gad1 :i* signifies to speak to1 or call ^u1 ,anahf ,no4 #a1 is ,aramaic4 ,i ?9k t x 0 ,mons4 ,weill1 9 8 rem>kable book call$ ,moise et le ,talmud1 :o fir/ drew att5tion to ! influ5ce ( ! ,talmudi/s ^u ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,he po9t$ out t 9 ! ,mosaic law !re 0 no idea ( pray]1 int]cession1 or p>don2 ev]y?+ 0 bas$ ^u ! lex talionis1 an eye 0 to be paid = ) an eye1 murd] 0 to be av5g$ by murd]1 & ecclesia/ical1 c]emonial1 & o!r transgressions 7 to be aton$1 i4e41 satisfaction 0 to be giv5 by sacrifice & paym5ts to ! prie/ or tab]nacle4 ,b :5 ! ,jews1 aft] _! contact ) ! ,*aldeans1 ,m$ea1 ,p]sians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 began to /udy !ology1 two sects arose--! ,talmudi/s1 :o expla9$ away ! old] ,scriptures1 int]polat$ n>ratives1 or simply texts !re91 s z to suit _! purposes2 & ! ,sadducees1 :o refus$ to adopt z matt]s ( fai? any?+ :i* 0 n taught by ,moses4 ,! fir/ 0 ! /ronge/ sect1 & compos$ ! majority 9 ! ,sanh$rim4 ,!y ?us _h p[] ov] ! sacr$ canon1 & c\ld reject manuscripts or adopt !m accord+ z ! purposes :i* 7 aim$ at 7 s]v$4 ,! ,talmudic int]polations are suppos$ to b recognis$ *iefly 9 ! m mod]n p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ! second ,isaiah & ,j]emiah1 9 ! books ( ,ze*>iah & ,mala*i1 9 ! ,*ronicles1 ,daniel1 9 _m ,psalms1 m sp>sely 9 ! old] hi/ories1 b v l>gely 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 f ! abs5ce ( any ord] 9 ! ,mosaic law = ! prie/s to (f] any supplication1 & f1 ! g5]al abs5ce ( pray] f ! sacrifices ( all nations1 we may conclude t int]cession =m$ no "p 9 ! ,jewi% religion 9 ! e>ly days ( its exi/5ce4 ,:5 work+ ^u ?is subject ,i endeav\r$ to exam9e ! curi\s ,iguvian tables1 on :i* ,aufre*t1 ,eir*]1 & ,newman h be/[$ su* pa9s4 ,^! are1 ,i believe1 ! only tables extant :i* give directions to ! old ,umbrian1 or any o!r anci5t prie/s1 h[ to conduct public sacrifices & ! ensu+ fea/s4 ,9 !m !re are directions = invocations1 b no =mula = pray]s1 unless "o c call invocations by t "n4 ,i fancy1 t 9 "s p>ts ( ! tables !re are words :i* may be r5d]$ speak1 or mutt]1 or m$itate1 or pray sil5tly4 ,! fact t a ,hebrew hi/orian has compos$ a pray]1 & put x into ! m\? ( ,k+ ,solomon1 r ?an into t ( a high prie/1 %[s t supplication = ! p 0 n a /rictly sac]dotal duty4 ,ev5 n[1 ) all our lib]ality ( ?\ght1 we take our pray]s f ! ,ar*bi%ops1 & n f ! cr[n4 ,b :at we h said po9ts to ano!r important consid]ation1 viz41 h[ f> our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion c be tru/$ z a f\ndation ^u :i* to build a !ory respect+ ! use ( pray]1 :5 we f9d t ! words giv5 9 ,engli% d n correspond ) ! words 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew4 ,we h notic$ 9 ! text t bo? ,john & ,jesus taught _! disciples to pray2 we may n[ call att5tion to ! idea :i* ! latt] _h ( pray]4 ,9 a p>able1 :i* 0 evid5tly int5d$ to repres5t :at 0 common en\gh 9 8 day1 he says1 ,two m5 w5t up into ! temple to pray1 ! "o a ,ph>isee1 & ! o!r a publican2 ! ,ph>isee /ood & pray$ ?us ) himself--,god1 ,i ?ank ,!e t ,i am n z o!r m5 are1 c 7,luke xviii4 #aj-ac74 ,surely "o _c call a boa/ful enum]ation ( "o's virtues ei!r supplication1 pray]1 or entreaty2 b we und]/& readily t :at we %\ld call m$itation 0 once includ$ "u ! "n pray]4 ,?is anecdote unque/ionably seems to prove t !re 0 no?+ l public pray] 9 ! temple ritual4 ,! idea ( ! ,anci5ts 0 to obta9 :at !y want$ by co/ly sacrifice2 ! idea ( ! ,mod]ns is to obta9 _! desires by ! exp5diture ( words only4 ,we "k t ,pagans us$ long litanies1 & t ,*ri/ians d s too4 ,9 ,jezebel's "t #j ,baal1 he> u res\nd$ on ,m\nt ,c>mel 9 sonor\s monotony4 ,we h replac$ t hea!n *ant by ano!r1 & our ca!drals rev]b]ate con/antly ) ! musical rogation1 ,we besee* ,!e to he> u1 good ,"l1 utt]$ m ?an a score ( times4 ,our or?odoxy consi/s 9 our us+ ,engli% in/ead ,pho5ician words1 & 9 call+ ,baal by a ^w m famili> to u2 & z ! highe/ comm5dation :i* we c give to o!rs is to imitate !m1 s we praise ! ,anci5t hea!n highly1 :o ?\ght t !y w\ld be he>d f _! mu* speak+4 ,x is ev] easi] to *ange our words ?an our practice4 ,l ! ,ph>isee1 ,*ri/ians boa/ t !y are n z o!r m5 are2 b by _! proce$+s !y %[ t !y are l ! ,jews1 ( ^: pat]nity ,jesus _h n an exalt$ op9ion4 7,see ,john viii4 #dd74 ,9 fur!r illu/ration ( ! abs5ce ( a set =m ( pray] 9 ! temple wor%ip 9 ,j]usalem1 & ( ! indep5d5ce ( all dev\t solicitors ( prie/ly aid1 ,i may po9t to ,mat!w vi4 #e to #h1 :]e9 we f9d t hypocrites (f]$ _! supplications1 n only 9 ! temple1 b at ! corn]s ( ! /reets4 ,x is j possible t 9 ! =m] locality !re might h be5 "s public wor%ip go+ on1 9 :i* ! sa9tly c\ld jo91 b c]ta9ly !re 0 no su* ritual at /reet corn]s4 ,b if !re _h really be5 div9e s]vice 9 ! temple1 x foll[s t ^? :o jo9$ 9 x w\ld n h be5 conspicu\s1 or des]v+ ! "n ( hypocrites4 ,! fault ( ^! :i* is m5tion$ by ,jesus is o/5tati\s public pray]1 i4e4#i ! do+ ( t :i* _h n be5 prescrib$ by ,moses4 ,z ,i h1 9 a prec$+ volume1 spok5 at "s l5g? conc]n+ ! morals & mann]s ( anci5t races1 & %[n h[1 z a rule1 _! conduct has be5 ! same z t ( mod]n ,*ri/ians1 & z1 moreov]1 ! subject has be5 treat$ ( 9 an essay by ,lecky 7,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals71 ,i w n pursue ?is "p ( my subject fur!r ?an to rem>k1 t we h sc>cely two articles ( fai?--if1 inde$ we h m ?an "o--i4e41 respect = "o day 9 sev5--:i* we h n receiv$1 directly or indirectly1 f ,pagans4 ,ev5 our ,*ri/ianity is b a modifi$ ,buddhism1 z ,i %all endeav\r1 9 my next *apt]1 to %[4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism4 ,! new & old _w4 ,an imp>tial judge is said to be a p>tisan4 ,works on ! subject4 ,sakya ,muni's bir?1 ,b4c4 #fbj 7ab\t71 position 9 life1 orig9al views4 ,p>allels betwe5 ,brahm9-ism1 ,buddhism1 ,hebraism1 & ,*ri/ianity4 ,hi/ory ( ,sakya ,muni --t ( ,jesus corresponds ) x m>vell\sly4 ,sakya receives a commission f an angel--is h5ce=? a savi\r4 ,hi/ory ( ,jesus foll[s t ( ,sakya4 ,sidd>?a nei!r dictat$ nor wrote4 ,a fav\rite g>d54 ,sakya & ! ,brahm9s4 ,buddha & ,*ri/ equally p]secut$4 ,spread ( ,buddhism aft] ,sidd>?a's dea?4 ,asoka a royal conv]t ,buddhi/ mission>ies1 b4c4 #cjg4 ,_! wond]ful successes4 ,diff]5t developm5t ( ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,p]secution a ,*ri/ian practice1 ,buddha tempt$ by ! ,devil1 & by wom51 l ,/ ,an?ony4 ,buddha's life r$uc$ to writ+1 at lea/ ,b4c4 #ij4 ,h>dy on ,buddhi/ miracles4 ,8 rem>ks criticis$4 ,necessity = miracles is d\btful4 ,sakya & a future life4 ,resurrection f ! dead4 ,jesus n ! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept4 ,paul's argum5t wor?less4 ,buddhi/s 9 advance ( ,*ri/ians4 ,prie/craft at "t ( ,buddha & ,jesus4 ,bo? did away ) c]emonial4 ,sakya's doctr9e--comp>$ ) ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,ano!r p>allel betwe5 ,buddha & ,jesus4 ,comm&m5ts ( ,ta?agata 7,buddha71 or ! ,great ,sramana4 ,rules = 8 sa9tly fri5ds--= outsid]s4 ,def9ition ( t]ms4 ,! ,sra-mana's op9ion ( miracles--a comp>ison4 ,! hi/ory ( ,jesus told )\t miracles4 ,buddhi/ic confession--rem>ks on 9 mod]n times4 ,filial respect4 ,public confession1 murd] absolv$ !reby4 ,asoka1 ab\t ,b4c4 #bfc1 s5t out mission>ies4 ,objections made aga9/ ,buddhism4 ,ideas respect+ ,god4 ,salvation4 ,buddha & ,jesus4 ,nirvana4 ,heav5 & ,hell--,*ri/ian ideas4 ,apocalypse4 ,! heav5 ( ,john & ,mahomet comp>$ ) t ( ,buddha4 ,pray] n a ,buddhi/ in/itution--nor orig9ally a ,*ri/ian "o4 ,nature ( pray]4 ,! developm5ts ( ,buddhism1 p>ticul>s-- comp>ison betwe5 ! ,ea/]n anci5t & ,we/]n mod]n practice4 ,abbe ,hue4 ,no sexual elem5t 9 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity at fir/--x has crept into bo? 9 lat] times4 ,inquiry into ! probable introduction ( ,buddhism into ! ,we/4 ,asceticism peculi> to ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,ess5es1 _! fai? & practice-- resemblance to ,buddhism4 ,john & ,jesus probably ,ess5es4 ,if ,jesus 0 inspir$1 s 0 ,sidd>?a4 ,diff]5ces betwe5 ,sakya & ,jesus4 ,jesus 'believ$ 9 an imm$iate de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,idea ( preexi/5ce 9 ,jesus & ,sakya adopt$ by _! foll[]s4 ,! basis ( ! two fai?s is morality--b an uns\nd "o4 ,nature ( ! uns\ndness4 ,morality has a ref]5ce to a life on e>? only4 ,! decalogue sup]flu\s4 ,ideas ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,dives & ,laz>us4 ,! _w c exi/ )\t a k ( a future life4 ,god ?\ght s :5 ,he taught ! ,jews4 ,dogma v]sus morality4 ,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians live6 ,!re are a few good m5 among/ ,*ri/ians4 ,supplem5t>y rem>ks4 ,f ! ,p]uvian & ,aztec religi\s sy/ems 9 :at we designate ! ,new ,_w1 a phrase :i* involves ! idea t its exi/5ce 0 = ages :olly unkn[n to ! hi/orians ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e1 we turn to ano!r =m ( fai?1 :i* dem&s ev5 great] att5tion4 ,buddhism has1 probably1 done m to influ5ce ! m9ds ( m5 9 ,asia ?an any o!r religion 9 any "p ( ! globe1 & its hi/ory is s rem>kable1 t x des]ves ! att5tion ( e philosophical /ud5t ( mank9d4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian x ought to be especially int]e/+1 inasmu* z !re is /rong reason to believe t ! fai? curr5t among/ ourselves is to be trac$ to ! tea*+ ( ,sakya ,muni1 ^: orig9al "n1 we may notice1 9 pass+1 0 no m ,buddha ?an ,*ri/ 0 ! cognom5 ( ! son ( ,m>y4 ,an +5i\s au?or on "o occasion wrote a *>m+ essay ^u ! art ( putt+ ?+s1 & ,i _c read any treatise ^u ,buddhism1 writt5 by a ,*ri/ian1 )\t ?9k+ h[ completely ! advocate is to be se5 ?r\gh\t !m all ,ecclesia/ical writ]s1 :o are ,prote/ant prea*]s1 endeav\r labori\sly to prove t ! tea*+ ( ,sakya ,muni c\ld n h be5 inspir$1 & 0 c]ta9ly false2 :il/ o!r writ]s1 :o h no p>ticul> lean+ t[>ds ,jesus1 extol ! au?or ( ,buddhism beyond t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,truly1 9 su* a matt] x is extremely difficult n to appe> z a p>tisan1 h[ev] c>efully ! scales may be held4 ,! v fact ( endeav\r+ to see ourselves z o!rs see u involves ! necessity ( putt+ ?+s 9 a diff]5t light to t :i* is mo/ common or famili> to u4 ,a bumpti\s ,briton ?9ks m ( 8 own ,isl&s ?an a ,yankee ?9ks ( !m1 & "o :o endeav\rs to describe ! :eel ( ! law z an a/ute ,buddhi/ w\ld d1 & :o1 at ! same "t1 comp>es x ) ! tea*+s ( ! son ( ,m>y1 mu/ seem to ^? :o1 )\t kn[+ its nature1 despise ! =m]1 & yet implicitly believe 9 ! latt]1 to be a p>tisan4 ,act+ ^u ?is belief1 we %all n scruple to appe> z an advocate1 = we believe t an opposition is z good 9 religion z 9 politics1 & t x behoves u all to exam9e e important "q 9 all its be>+s4 ,9 ! foll[+ essay ,i %all n attempt to g into e detail ab\t ! life ( ,sakya ,muni1 = to d s w\ld we>y ! read]4 ,anyone :o wi%es = su* in=mation may be ref]r$ to ,le ,b\ddha et sa ,religion1 p> ,j4 ,b>!lemy ,sa9t ,hilaire1 ,p>is1 #ahfj1 a book :i* may be fairly designat$ z exhau/ive4 ,! ,engli% read] may also consult ,! ,leg5ds & ,!ories ( ! ,buddhi/s1 by ,rev4 ,r4 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,london1 #ahff1 :i*1 ?\gh v prejudic$1 is extremely sugge/ive4 ,h>dy's ,ea/]n ,mona*ism & ,manual ( ,buddhi/s are ab\t ! same4 ,! ,mahawanso translat$ by ,tum\r1 is also a v valuable "w ( ref]5ce4 ,!re appe>s to be little d\bt t ,sakya ,muni 0 born ab\t #fbb ye>s be=e our era1 & t he di$ :5 ab\t eighty ye>s ( age1 i4e4f ,b4,c4 #edb4 ,he 0 ?us a contempor>y ( ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & o!r ,jewi% prophets4 ,?\gh ( royal bir?1 & ( ! w>rior or k+ly ca/e1 he does n appe> to h be5 in/ruct$ 9 g5]al hi/ory1 if1 inde$1 any su* 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,h9do/an at t or any o!r p]iod2 & we _c f9d a tittle ( evid5ce t he ev] he>d ( any o!r religion ?an ,brahm9ism1 ! dom9ant fai?1 app>5tly1 ( ! ,aryan invad]s ( ,india4 ,9 t he 0 taught assidu\sly1 & "s ( its t5ets he mo/ firmly believ$4 ,among/ o!rs1 he held t m5 liv$ 9 a future _w1 9 :i* ea* "o 0 rew>d$ or puni%$ accord+ to 8 do+s :5 9 a human =m4 ,8 tea*+ 0 f\nd$ ^u ! belief :i* ! ,brahm9s inculcat$1 t all m5 endure mis]y 9 ?is _w = _! conduct 9 a previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce1 & t !y w\ld once aga9 suff] aft] dea?1 unless !y conduct$ !mselves1 9 ?is life1 9 a mann] pleas+ to ! ,almighty4 ,9 ?is cre$ is cle>ly involv$1 if n di/9ctly enunciat$1 a full ackn[l$gm5t ( ! exi/5ce & p[] ( ,god1 ( ! c]ta9ty ( a future life1 & a desire to escape f p5alties to be inflict$ !re9 by a supreme cele/ial ,judge1 = immorality or impropriety committ$ 9 ! pres5t /ate4 ,= ^! po9ts ( doctr9e ,sakya did n cont5d1 he m]ely laid d[n a diff]5t sy/em to ! ,brahm9s z to ! me?od by :i* salvation 0 to be atta9$1 & ! p5al consequ5ces ( a s9ful life 7 to be avoid$4 ,we may n[1 halt+ "h = a mom5t1 exam9e ^! matt]s = ourselves1 & inquire 9 :at way su* fai? diff]s f our own4 ,! ,brahm9 taught t man suff]s pa91 mis]y1 & dea? = c]ta9 crimes committ$ 9 a previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce2 ! ,*ri/ian tea*es t ea* "o suff]s = a fault committ$ by ance/ors :o liv$ ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r reg>d pa91 sorr[1 suff]+1 & dea? z ! normal accompanim5ts ( life1 b bo? attribute !m to ! wra? ( an (f5d$ deity1 :o c be1 9 "s way1 *eat$1 cajol$1 appeas$1 or propitiat$4 ,bo? ass]t t m5 are debtors to ,god1 & t mis]ies are duns us$ to make m5 pay _! obligations to heav54 ,! ,brahm9 taught t ?is c\ld be effect$ by pray]1 sacrifice1 & sundry c]emonies to be p]=m$ by "s man :o _h be5 specially appo9t$ = ! purpose4 ,a due att5tion to morality 0 also inculcat$1 b x 0 app>5tly consid]$ z ( less importance ?an rituali/ic obs]vances4 ,! ,jew1 :om s _m among/ u believe to h be5 especially taught by ,god1 prop\nd$ a belief ess5tially simil> to t ( ! ,brahm91 ) ! s+le exception t he _h no fai? 9 a future exi/5ce1 b ?\ght t sacrifice & (f]+s1 ?r\gh a prie/hood1 7 necess>y to obta9 com=t 9 ?is life4 ,! ,*ri/ian tea*es t ! horrors ( et]nity c only be escap$ by believ+ on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,acts xvi4 #cj1 #ca71 & by be+ moral 9 addition4 ,! belief "h ref]r$ to is some:at amplifi$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,bible1 & notably 9 ,john iii4 #ae-ag1 #cf2 vi4 #ci1 #dj2 ix4 #ce2 xi4 #ae2 & ,acts viii4 #cg2 f :i* we le>n t an item 9 ! fai? 0 a firm hold ^u ! idea t ,jesus 0 ! son1 ! only begott5 son1 ( ,god4 ,?is dogma is /ill fur!r ext5d$ 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 :]e9 ! ,*ri/ians express1 z articles ( fai?1 _! belief1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! only son ( ,god1 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 & born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 c4 ,?is t5et is some:at v>i$ 9 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 :i* expresses ! ,*ri/ian belief to be1 t ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! only begott5 son ( ,god--begott5 ( 8 ,fa!r be=e all worlds--be+ ( "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r1 by :om all ?+s 7 made1 c4 ,! fundam5tal tea*+ ( ,sakya 01 t man c only escape ! tortures ( ! damn$1 by a /rict propriety ( conduct 9 ?is _w1 & a p]si/5t endeav\r to r5\nce & ?9k no?+ ( ! gratifications :i* make life pleasant4 ,! mod]n ,buddhi/ adds to ?is a belief 9 ! absolute div9ity ( ! f\nd] ( 8 fai?1 n simply t he 0 a son ( ,god1 b a visible embodim5t ( a portion ( ! ,creative ,unity4 ,brahm9s & ,buddhi/s believe 9 transmigration ( s\ls3 ! ,*ri/ian does ! l1 only1 in/ead ( be+ conv]t$ into a bea/1 he imag9es t he w become ei!r an angel or a devil4 ,)9 c]ta9 limits1 we may1 !re=e1 say t ! ,brahm9ic1 ! ,jewi%1 ! ,buddhi/1 & ! ,*ri/ian religions are ess5tially alike1 diff]+ only ^u m9or po9ts1 su* z ! absolute value ( morality1 ( c]emonial1 ( doctr9e1 ( asceticism1 ! nature ( a hypo!tical antec$5t1 & an equally unc]ta9 future exi/5ce1 & ! be/ means ( escap+ ! p5alties atta*$1 9 ! second /ate1 to impropriety ( conduct 9 ! fir/4 ,if we d]ide ! ,brahm9 & ! ,buddhi/ = ! fai? :i* !y ent]ta91 our laugh mu/ necess>ily recoil on ourselves1 = we h no m unequivocal gr\nds = our belief ?an !y h = !irs4 ,we po9t 9 va9 to :at we call ,revelation1 = !y c d ! same1 & if priority 9 su* matt]s is good = any?+1 ! ,brahm9ic mu/ take prec$5ce ( ! ,jewi%1 & ! ,buddhi/ ( ! ,*ri/ian code4 ,nor c we call miracles to our exclusive aid1 = ! religi\s books ( ! ,h9doo are z full ( !m z are ^? ( ! ,jew & ,*ri/ian1 & ! /ories told 9 ! "o c be readily p>allel$ 9 impossibility1 incapacity1 frivolity1 & absurdity by ! o!rs4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 !n1 :5 speak+ ( ! tea*+ ( ,sakya1 t x 0 con/ruct$ ^u ! suppos$ fundam5tal tru?s ( ,brahm9ism1 j z ! doctr9es ( ,jesus 7 built ^u ^? ( ,judaism4 ,by adopt+ ^!1 respectively1 ! two prea*]s h demon/rat$ _! belief 9 !m1 b nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r h advanc$ our k z to ! reality ( ! e>lie/ fai?1 nor demon/rat$ ! tru? ( _! subsequ5t assumptions4 ,if we n[ endeav\r1 = ! sake ( comp>ison1 to place ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n po9ts ( belief 9 p>allel columns1 we %all be bett] able to see ! po9ts ( resemblance & ( diff]5ce ?an by any o!r plan4 ,illu/ration3 #aad ,illu/ration3 #aae ,^! are only a few ( ! lead+ po9ts ( resemblance & diff]5ce1 & might be almo/ indef9itely multipli$4 ,aft] ?is preface1 we may proce$ to notice t ,sidd>?a--ano!r "n = ,buddha--0 ( royal bir?1 & born 9 w$lock3 8 "m 0 call$ ,maya ,devi1 & 0 h]self ! daught] ( a k+4 ,8 fa!r 0 ( ! w>rior ca/e1 &1 accord+ to anci5t usage1 ,sakya1 l ,jesus "s c5turies lat]1 0 pres5t$ 9 ! temple ( ! ,god ( 8 p>5ts1 & recogniz$ by a ,brahm91 :om we may designate z a pr$ecessor1 by "s hundr$s ( ye>s1 ( ! ,jewi% ,simeon 7,luke ii #be1 seq47f z hav+ ! m>ks ( a great man ^u him4 ,z ,sakya grew up to man's e/ate he 0 f\nd to be peculi>ly clev]1 & soon di/anc$ 8 ma/]s1 z ,jesus 0 & did1 :51 at twelve ye>s1 he w5t into ! temple & a/oni%$ ! doctors4 ,he 0 always ?\ghtful1 & frequ5tly rema9$ alone4 ,once he w&]$ into a =e/1 7comp>e ,mat!w iv4 #a-aa71 9 :i* he 0 f\nd lo/ 9 ?\ght4 ,:5 oblig$ to exhibit 8 tal5ts1 ,sidd>?a 0 f\nd to h e conceivable excell5ce1 bodily & m5tal ,he 01 by p>5tal desire1 m>ri$ to a p>agon ( a wife1 :o %[$ h] good s5se by reject+ ! use ( a veil4 ,9 ?is ,sakya diff]s f ,m>y's son1 :o nev] m>ri$1 be+1 mo/ probably1 ( ! tribe ( ! ,ess5es4 ,9 lat] life ,sidd>?a disc\rag$ w$lock & e =m ( love4 ,b1 dur+ all 8 outw>d happ9ess2 ,sidd>?a's ?\ghts ran ^u ! mis]y :i* he saw on e side to be common 9 ! _w1 & he ent]ta9$ a hope t he w\ld be able to %[ man ! road to a happy immortality4 ,9 ^! ideas ! tea*] 0 enc\rag$ by a god1 :o appe>$ to him by night1 & told him t ! appo9t$ "t = ! deliv]] _h come4 ,?is com=t] also recomm5d$ him to leave 8 wife1 8 weal?1 8 fa!r's h\se1 & give up all he _h1 s z to be able to seek1 un5cumb]$1 ! way ( salvation4 ,comp>e "h ! passage1 ,m>k x4 #bj-cj1 :]e9 ,jesus gives ! same k9d ( advice z ! angel gave to ,sakya ,muni4 ,hav+ become satisfi$ ( 8 mission f ,god1 he resolutely ab&on$ ev]y?+1 &1 be+ really a scion ( royalty1 he _h mu* to r5\nce4 ,sidd>?a ?us became a m5dicant1 dep5d5t ^u o!rs = food & raim5t1 & resembl$ t son ( ,m>y1 ( :om we read t he _h n a resid5ce :]e9 to lay 8 head 7,matt4 viii4 #bj2 ,luke ix4 #eh74 ,he 0 ab\t tw5ty-n9e ye>s ( age :5 he ?us became poor = ! sake ( mank9d4 ,comp>e :at is said ( ,jesus1 ,luke iii4 #bc4 ,?\gh ,sidd>?a 0 oppos$ to ! ,brahm9s1 he nev]!less /udi$ _! doctr9es1 z ,m>y's son did t ( ! ,hebrew !ologians1 ?or\ghly1 "u "o ( ! wise/ ( !m1 = _m ye>s4 ,!n1 leav+ ?is tea*]1 he w5t ab\t prea*+ & do+ good4 ,s mu* 7 m5 impress$ ) 8 beauty1 8 piety1 & 8 doctr9es1 t !y flock$ 9 cr[ds to see him1 & he taught !m :il/ sitt+ on ! br[ ( ,m\nt ,p&ava--ev5 k+s came to he> him4 ,comp>e "h :at is said ( ! ,naz>5e1 ,matt4 iv4 #bc to ,matt4 viii4 #a4 ,sakya 0 p]secut$ = a long "t by a relative1 :o ultimately became "o ( 8 mo/ ard5t disciples4 ,comp>e ,matt4 xvi4 #bb & ,john xxi4 #ae1 et seq4 ,sidd>?a's au/]ities & mortifications ( himself1 9 e conceivable way1 7 excessive dur+ ! next six ye>s1 & ^! h be5 repres5t$ z a combat ) ! ,devil1 ^: k+dom he de/roy$4 ,at ! end ( ?is probation1 ,sakya ,muni1 f9d+ fa/+ & pa9 n pr(itable = et]nal salvation1 resum$ ! ord9>y human habits ( eat+1 c4 ,?is disgu/$ _m ( 8 disciples1 & !y walk$ no m ) him4 ,he 0 p>tly support$ by a slave woman1 & 0 cont5t to clo! himself ) ve/m5ts tak5 f ! dead4 ,f9ally1 ?is wond]ful son ( ,maya he>d )9 him a voice1 :i* told him t he 0 div9e1 ! savi\r ( ! _w1 & ! inc>nation ( ! wisdom ( ,god--,buddha1 ! ^w itself4 ,comp>e ,john i4 #a1 et seq4 ,?is 0 confirm$ by a miracle1 & ?us1 at ! age ( ?irty-six1 & at ! foot ( a fig tree1 ,sakya ,muni receiv$ a div9e commission1 & ! ^w 0 made fle%4 ,b1 ?\gh ?us div9ely inspir$1 ! savi\r d\bt$ 8 p[] to conv]t mank9d1 & at ! fir/ he only prea*$ 8 new doctr9es to a few4 ,ev5 9 ?is respect x is m>vell\s to see h[ closely ! ,*ri/ian /ory ( ,jesus foll[s t ( 8 pr$ecessor ,sidd>?a4 ,"s oppos$ ,sakya1 b ^! 7 soon conv]t$ by 8 maje/y1 & ! glory ) :i* he spake ! words--,yes1 he said1 ,i h come to see cle>ly bo? immortality & ! way to atta9 x2 ,i am ,buddha--,i "k all--,i see all--,i h blott$ out my faults1 & am above all law4 ,recogniz+ 9 ,sidd>?a ! tea*] ( mank9d1 ! common p he>d him gladly1 & gave him homage1 & he1 9 return1 taught !m 8 full doctr9e4 ,! ,indian savi\r !n proce$$ to ! holy city1 ,b5>es1 & taught !re4 ,b ?\gh he spoke mu*1 he nei!r dictat$ nor wrote--l ,jesus1 subsequ5tly1 he made no provision by :i* 8 doctr9es might be p]petuat$4 ,f ,b5>es he w5t to o!r places1 "s ( :i* 7 especially de> to him1 & ?us became sacr$4 ,9 l mann] ,be?any 0 sanctifi$ by ,jesus4 ,among/ o!rs 0 a g>d51 giv5 to him1 ) a mansion1 by a weal?y disciple1 :i* a lively fancy might call a ,h9doo ,ge?semane4 ,9 ?is g>d5 ,buddha made _m disciples1 & 9 x ! fir/ c\ncil ( 8 foll[]s 0 held aft] 8 dea?4 ,ano!r fav\rite retreat 0 a plantation ( mango trees1 & ?is1 l e o!r spot t ,sidd>?a is kn[n to h visit$1 has be5 adorn$ by ! fai?ful ) ornam5tal ar*itecture 9 commemoration ( him4 ,z may be suppos$1 ,sakya1 :5 he assail$ ! ,brahm9s1 0 9 turn oppos$ by !m ) p]sev]+ malevol5ce2 ! =m] 0 outspok5 & said :at he ?\ght ( ! prie/s--he call$ !m hypocrites1 *eats1 impo/ors1 & ! l--& !y 7 app>5tly consci\s t !y des]v$ su* titles4 ,"h1 aga91 we notice a s+ul> p>allel betwe5 ! ,h9doo savi\r & ! ,jewi% "o1 :o foll[$ him aft] a long int]val4 ,n t !re is any?+ wond]ful 9 ! f\nd] ( a new fai? revil+ ! m9i/]s ( "o m anci5t--nor 9 ! prie/s ( an e/abli%$ *ur* endeav\r+ to suppress1 by puni%m5ts1 ! pr(essors :o int]f]e ) _! repose4 ,we "k h[ ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs abus$ & lampoon$ ! fai? ( ^? ^: practices !y dete/$--h[ ,lu!r & 8 foll[]s la%$ ! vices ( ! ,papi/s1 & h[ ^! 9 _! turn burn$ ! new prea*]s--:5 !y _h a *ance2 h[ ! ,noncon=mi/s c5sur$ ! ,e/abli%m5t1 & h[ ! ,episcopal ,*ur* has h>ri$ ,indep5d5ts & ,presbyt]ians4 ,b x is /range to f9d bo? ,sakya & ,jesus inaugurat+ a religion ( peace by fi]ce invectives4 ,we h n p>ticul>s respect+ ! *oice ( language made use ( by ! ,indian1 b we c sc>cely imag9e t x c\ld be m to ! purpose ?an ! vitup]ation employ$ by ! ,hebrew4 ,jesus says1--,ye compass sea & l& to make "o proselyte1 & :5 he is made ye make him tw(old m ! *ild ( hell ?an y\rselves1--,ye are l unto :it$ sepul*res1 :i* inde$ appe> beautiful outw>d1 b are )9 full ( dead m5's bones & all uncleanness 7,matt1 xxiii4 #ae-bg74 ,"o _c wond] t ! ,brahm9s & ! ,ph>isees1 :o 7 objurgat$ z hypocrites1 %\ld retort ^u _! accus]s1 prosecute ! "o & crucify ! o!r4 ,z ,sakya's influ5ce increas$1 ! p[] ( ! old prie/hood dim9i%$1 & !re are acc\nts ( _m conte/s betwe5 ! old disp5s]s ( ,brahma's religion & ! new savi\r1 :i* 7 held be=e k+s & p4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! disputes ,buddha's life 0 repeat$ly 9 dang]4 ,b ?\gh (t5 ?reat5$1 ,sidd>?a di$ peacefully :5 ab\t eighty ye>s old1 belov$ by _m1 respect$ by m1 wor%ipp$ z a div9ity by 8 imm$iate disciples & intimate fri5ds1 & v5]at$ by all :o _h li/5$ to 8 disc\rses4 ,!re are a great _m leg5ds exi/5t1 & ( v respectable antiquity too1 :i* tell ( miracles p]=m$ by ?is v rem>kable ,indian tea*]2 b ! judici\s hi/orian1 ^u ^: au?ority ,i am at pres5t rely+ 7,/4 ,hilaire71 does n int]m+le ^! ) ! n>rative ( ,sidd>?a's life4 ,9 ?is respect he %[s great] judgm5t ?an ! scribes :o fir/ compil$ ! /ories ( ,buddha & ( ,jesus1 bo? ( :om conceiv$ t human be+s c\ld n be conv]t$ to a new /yle ( belief )\t ?aumaturgy4 ,! acc\nt ( ,sakya ,muni & 8 religion w\ld be incomplete did we n add t he left beh9d him en?usia/ic disciples :o 7 eag] & successful 9 spread+ 8 views4 ,b _m ye>s1 h[ _m we d n "k ) absolute c]ta9ty1 elaps$ ere any acc\nt 0 writt5 ei!r ( 8 life or ( 8 tea*+4 ,nor ought we to wond] at ?is1 = until "t has be5 giv5 to mank9d1 x _c fairly e/imate ! value ( any?+ new2 & :5 m5 d at l5g? =m1 :at !y believe to be1 a p]fect judgm5t ( ! importance ( ! doctr9e :i* has become deeply root$1 !y are m eag] to promulgate x 9 ! _w ?an to record x by writ+ 9 ! closet4 ,! new religion c]ta9ly spread ext5sively all ov] ! va/ cont95t ( ,h9du/an1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 f\nd an en?usia/ic & p[]ful conv]t 9 ! p]son ( a k+ call$ ,asoka1 :o 0 reign+ :5 ! ?ird convocation ( ,buddhi/s 0 call$1 b4c4 #cjg4 ,?is rul] 0 imbu$ ) a mission>y _s1 & "u 8 influ5ce1 prea*]s full ( en]gy w5t n only ?r\gh\t ,india1 b into ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,ceylon1 & app>5tly into e c\ntry to :i* %ips1 c>avans1 & ! fl[ ( comm]ce gave !m access1 includ+ ,p]sia1 ,babylonia1 ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 ,egypt1 & ! v popul\s & important emporium ,alex&ria4 ,we may judge ( ! fanaticism ( ^! religi\s envoys by _! success1 & we may1 z is (t5 done by ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 te/ ! real value ( _! doctr9e by its endurance1 & its adaptability to ! religi\s wants ( ! human animal4 ,if mission>y success is a te/ ( tru? 9 religion1 ,buddhism mu/ be sup]ior to ,*ri/ianity4 ,buddah--= 8 "n is spell$ v>i\sly--has m foll[]s1 accord+ to compet5t au?orities1 ?an ,jesus1 & if ! dep? & e>ne/ness %[n by ! conv]ts to ! two m5 c\ld be weigh$ 9 imp>tial scales1 we believe t ! prepond]ance w\ld be 9 fav\r ( ! foll[]s ( ! ,indian savi\r4 ,we readily all[ t ,buddhism has n develop$ 9 _m matt]s l ,*ri/ianity has done4 ,! ,buddhism ( to-day does n ess5tially diff] f t 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! fai?2 ! foll[]s ( ,sidd>?a h n adopt$ ! doctr9es ( ! nations among/ :i* !y h settl$4 ,! ,*ri/ianity ( to-day1 on ! o!r h&1 is s widely diff]5t f t curr5t 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 t x has be5 rem>k$1 ) great pung5cy1 t if ,jesus revisit$ u n[1 he w\ld be d5\nc$ z a h]etic1 & abus$ z a noncon=mi/4 ,8 foll[]s soon introduc$ politics into religion1 & adopt$ ! fables & ! doctr9es ( ! ,pagans among/ :om !y dwelt1 m]ely *ang+ c]ta9 names1 & ascrib+ virtues & miracles to sa9ts1 :i* ! hea!n attribut$ to ,apollo1 ,m>s1 or ,v5us4 ,jesus1 ?\gh a ,jew1 nev] sacrific$1 nor did 8 apo/les1 b 8 foll[]s ?\ght prud5t to fil* ! practice f ! hea!n2 &1 to smoo? _! difficulty1 !y pr(ess to turn bread & w9e into fle% & blood1 & (f] x up z an oblation ^u _! ecclesia/ical alt>4 ,jesus knew no?+ ( purgatory2 ) him ! ri* man w5t direct to hell1 & ,laz>us to ,abraham's bosom4 ,mod]n ,*ri/ians are wis] ?an _! tea*]2 = he disda9$ ! le>n+ ( ,egypt1 8 foll[]s took _! purgatory & tr9ity !refrom4 ,all ?is %[s1 t ! fai? ( ,*ri/ians 9 _! tea*] has n be5 equal to ! unb\nd$ tru/ felt by ! ,buddhi/ 9 8 ma/]'s wisdom4 ,buddhism1 moreov]1 has nei!r taught nor sanction$ any sy/em ( p]secution4 ,sakya1 x is true1 enc\rag$ m5 to make !mselves mis]able ^u e>? t !y might atta9 future immunity f woe1 b he nev] ord]$ !m to use ! sword or dragonnades to =ce o!r p to d s4 ,! foll[]s ( ,jesus1 on ! o!r h&1 h b too (t5 f\nd$ _! claim to a happy immortality on mak+ o!r m51 :om !y call$ h]etics1 mis]able1 z dur+ ! p]iod ( ! crusades aga9/ ! ,s>ac5s1 ! ,albig5ses1 ! ,loll>ds1 & ! ,wald5ses4 ,! ,*ri/ians 9 _m ages seem$ to argue ?us3--,z ! pa9ful dea? ( ,m>y's son sav$ ! _w1 s ,i1 by tortur+ a h]etic1 may save myself4 ,?is is an idea ( vic>i\s atonem5t :i*1 ?\gh preval5t = c5turies1 has nev] be5 committ$ to writ+ by ^? :o hold x4 ,we d n mean to allege t ! op9ion ref]r$ to _c be f\nd 9 hi/ory1 = x is f su* a s\rce t our ass]tion comes4 ,a belief1 su* z we ref] to1 0 promulgat$ among/ ! ,crusad]s1 & 0 fo/]$ by ! f\nd]s ( ! ,inquisition4 ,su* an idea1 too1 is embodi$ 9 ! ^w--,! "t come?1 t :osoev] kille? y w ?9k t he doe? ,god s]vice 7,john xvi4 #b74 ,we may1 h[ev]1 trace ! idea ( p]secution 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,paul1 = example1 :5 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians 7#a ,epi/le v4 #c-e7 gives su* enc\ragem5t z he c to ^? :o puni% an err+ bro!r ,*ri/ian1 by deliv]+ him ov] to ,satan = ! de/ruction ( ! fle%1 t ! _s may be sav$ 9 ! day ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 & 9 7#a/ ,tim4 i4 #bj71 ! same au?or decl>es1--,i h deliv]$ ,hym5seus & ,alex&] unto ,satan t !y may le>n n to blaspheme4 ,! idea be+1 t by ?us act+1 bo? ! ,cor9?ians & ,paul 7 improv+ _! own ecclesia/ical condition4 ,z ,i may n h ano!r available opportunity = introduc+ "o or two /rik+ p>allels betwe5 ,sakya ,muni & ,jesus1 ,i may m5tion "h t ! =m] is repres5t$ z be+ tempt$ by & hav+ conv]sation ) an evil _s call$ ,m>a1 ,evil "o1 ,de/roy]1 ,devil1 or ,papiyan4 ,9 "o ( ^! confabulations ,buddah says1--,i w soon triumph ov] y--'desires' are y\r *ief soldi]s1 !n come idl5ess1 hung] & ?ir/1 passions1 sleepy indol5ce1 fe>s1 d\bts1 ang]s1 hypocrisy1 ambition1 ! desire to be respect$1 & to h r5[n1 praise ( y\rself & blame = o!rs--^! are y\r black allies1 ! soldi]s ( ! burn+ demon4 ,y\r soldi]s subjugate gods & m51 b n me1 ,i %all cru% !m by wisdom1 !n :at w y d8 7,hilaire1 p4 #fa74 ,! sage is !n1 n unlike ! s-call$ ,/4 ,an?ony1 tempt$ by lovely woman1 ?irty-two lovely demons 7,aps>as7 deploy+ all _! *>ms4 ,!n foll[s a ?ird trial1 & ,m>a says to ,sidd>?a1--,i am ! "l ( desire1 ,i am ! ma/] ( ! entire _w1 ! gods1 ! cr[d ( ,davanas 7spirits71 m5 & bea/s h be5 subjugat$ by me & are 9 my p[]4 ,l !m ent] my doma9s1 rise up & speak l !m4 ,buddha repli$1--,if y are ! "l ( desire y are n ! "l ( light4 ,look at me1 ,i am ! "l ( ! law1 y are p[]less1 & 9 y\r v sight ,i %all obta9 supreme intellig5ce1 7p4 #fd1 op4 cit474 ,! demon makes "o m ef=t1 & is aga9 conqu]$1 & !n retires1 trac+ ) an arr[ ^! words ^u ! gr\nd--,my empire has pass$ away4 ,x may be imag9$ t ! ,fr5* au?or :om ,i quote is a p>tisan ( ! ,indian sage2 f> f x1 he records su* tales ) regret1 = he sees h[ /rong an influ5ce !y mu/ h ^u ! p]fect or imp]fect au!nticity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! /ory ( ,jesus4 ,! simil>ity ( ! two hi/ories is height5$ by ! leg5d be=e notic$1 t ,buddha w5t to ,heav5 to conv]t 8 "m1 :il/ ,jesus is said to h gone d[n to ,hades to prea* to ! spirits 9 prison1 ) ! impli$ int5tion ( conv]t+ !m to ! fai? :i* he prea*$4 ,x w d\btless h occurr$ to anyone read+ ! prec$+ pages1 if he be b famili> ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ei!r ! ,*ri/ian hi/ories call$ ,gospels h be5 l>gely influ5c$ by ,buddhi/'s leg5ds1 or t ! /ory ( ,sidd>?a has be5 m\ld$ ^u t ( ,jesus4 ,! subject is "o :i* dem&s & des]ves ! greate/ att5tion1 = if our religion be traceable to ,buddhism1 z ! lat] ,jewi% fai? is to ! doctr9es ( ,babylonians1 ,m$es1 & ,p]sians1 we mu/ modify mat]ially our notions ( inspiration & revelation4 ,into ?is inquiry ,/4 ,hilaire goes z f> z docum5t>y evid5ce all[s him1 & ,h>dy 9 ,leg5ds & ,!ories ( ! ,buddhi/s also ent]s ^u x 9 an almo/ imp>tial mann]4 ,f _! conclusions !re c be no reasonable d\bt t ! /ory ( ! life ( ,sakya ,muni1 su* z we h describ$ x1 c]ta9ly exi/$ 9 writ+ n9ety ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,jesus2 consequ5tly1 if ! "o life seems to be a copy ( ! o!r1 ! gospel writ]s mu/ be reg>d$ z ! plagi>i/s4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,buddha1 we h elim9at$ ! miracul\s "p1 & exhibit$ him simply z a rem>kable man4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! writ+s ( 8 foll[]s1 miracles 9 abundance are assign$ to him4 ,:e!r ^! exi/$ 9 ! orig9al hi/ory ,h>dy d\bts1 & 8 rem>ks are s apposite t we reproduce !m 7op4 cit4 p4 xxviii74 ,^u ! circum/ances ( ?is fir/ rehe>sal 7( ! life & doctr9e ( ,sidd>?a71 mo/ important consequ5ces dep5d4 ,if ! miracles ascrib$ to ,buddha c be prov$ to h be5 record$ ( him at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ?is w\ld g f> t[>ds prov+ t ! au?ority to :i* he laid claim 0 8 rightful pr]ogative4 ,!y 7 ( too public "* to h be5 ascrib$ to him !n if !y _h n tak5 place2 s t if x 0 op5ly decl>$ by 8 contempor>ies1 by ^? :o _h liv$ ) him 9 ! same mona/]y1 t he _h be5 repeat$ly visit$ by ,sekra & o!r ,deivas2 & t he _h walk$ ?r\gh ! air & visit$ ! heav5ly _w 9 ! pres5ce ( _m ?\s&s1 & ^? ! v p]sons :om !y address$1 we ought to r5d] to him ! homage aw>d$ to him by ev5 8 mo/ devot$ foll[]s4 ,b ! leg5d ( ! e>ly rehe>sal has no?+ to support x beyond ! ass]tion ( au?ors :o liv$ at a p]iod long subsequ5t4 ,! te/imony ( contemporane\s hi/ory pres5ts no record ( any ev5t t quadrates ) ! wond]ful p[]s attribut$ to ! 'rahals1' :i* w\ld und\bt$ly n h be5 want+ if ^! ev5ts _h really tak5 place4 ,! read] ( ?is extract w n[ naturally turn 8 att5tion to ! ,*ri/ian gospels1 & inquire into ! "t :5 !y 7 writt51 & :e!r ! argum5ts us$ by ,h>dy1 = disbeliev+ ! miracles ( ,buddha1 d n equally disprove ! au!nticity ( ! miracles attribut$ to ,jesus4 ,we c f9d n[h]e1 9 contempor>y hi/ory--& !re is an adequate acc\nt !re(1 bo? ,jewi% & ,roman--any records ( ! wond]s said to h be5 done 9 ,judea by ! son ( ,m>y4 ,?\gh he 0 notic$ by a c]ta9 writ] 9 ! ,talmud1 "u ! "n ( ,b5 ,pan!r1 t book conta9s no acc\nt ( ! m>vell\s works record$ 9 ! gospels1 nor any ref]5ce to 8 miracul\s p[]4 ,! ,romans :o dwelt 9 ,j]usalem knew no?+ ( any real miracle1 ?\gh ,h]od is report$ to h notic$ "s gossip+ acc\nts ( ,john's successor4 ,we d n f9d a s+le ref]5ce to any ( ! wond]ful ev5ts told 9 ! gospels 9 any epi/le writt5 by ^? :o compani$ ) ,jesus--except ! ass]tion t he _h ris5 f ! dead1 to be f\nd 9 #a ,cor9?ians xv4 & else:]e--^: value is problematical ,/ill f>!r1 we h tol]ably good evid5ce to %[ t ! ,gospels 7 writt5 at a "t :5 !y c\ld n be te/$ by ^? p 9 ^: pres5ce ! wond]s 7 said to h be5 wr\ght4 ,! n>rative ( ,john1 = example1 is1 by s*ol>s1 suppos$ to h be5 writt5 m ?an a c5tury1 probably "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 aft] ! crucifixion1 & ! o!rs seem to h be5 compos$ = ! b5efit ( ^? :o did n live 91 or "k ,j]usalem & ,judea intimately4 ,!y resemble1 9 almo/ e respect1 ! /ories told ( su* ,roman sa9ts z ,francis ( ,assisi1 ,b]n>d1 ,c>lo ,borromeo1 & ,ignatius ,loyola1 :i* 7 always compos$ long aft] ! dea?1 & out ( ! pres5ce ( e "o ( ^? :o c\ld d5y or controv]t !m4 ,h[ev] mu*1 or little1 we may cr$it ! biographies ( ,buddha & ,jesus1 we _c = a mom5t d\bt1 t ! two individuals 7 in/rum5tal 9 f\nd+ =ms ( religion1 :i*1 by ! aid ( mission>ies1 spread ov] a va/ ext5t ( ! habitable globe4 ,unlike t ( ,mahomet1 ! fai?s ref]r$ to 7 promulgat$ by peaceful p]suasion r ?an by ! sword1 & by ! p[] ( eloqu5ce1 example1 & precept1 r ?an by ! influ5ce ( miracles4 ,if1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 we grant t e specim5 ( ?aumaturgy :i* 8 foll[]s attribute to ,jesus is correctly report$1 we mu/ all[ also t 8 p[] ( mak+ conv]ts by tea*+1 prea*+1 & wond] work+1 0 inf]ior to t ( 8 foll[]s1 :o taught1 prea*$1 & proselytiz$ )\t p]=m+ _m1 if any miracles4 ,if we ass]t t miracul\s p[]s are necess>y = ! e/abli%m5t & propagation ( a new religion1 !n we mu/1 to be consi/5t ) ourselves1 believe 9 ! ?aumaturgy ( ! ,buddhi/s1 & ! div9e mission ( ,sakya ,muni4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we d5y t ,sidd>?a 0 an inc>nate god or savi\r1 0 n div9ely inspir$1 & p]=m$ no real miracle1 !n x is cle> t ! miracles1 :i* ,jesus is said to h a*iev$1 7 :olly unnecess>y1 & n requir$ 9 any way to upset an old religion1 to f\nd a new1 or to spread x :5 e/abli%$4 ,! philosoph] may pause "h1 ) pr(it to himself1 & inquire :e!r !re is1 or !re are1 any new =m or =ms ( religion :i* has or h sprung up )9 8 own obs]vation1 & if s1 :e!r x or !y has or h be5 bas$ ^u ?aumaturgy--&1 if "o or m h be5 s f\nd$1 :e!r "o %[s evid5ce ( /ability4 ,few c d5y t ,mormonism is a =m ( belief :i* has a consid]able numb] ( adh]5ts1 a body ( e>ne/ mission>ies1 & a laity ^: fai? & practice h be5 sorely te/$ by h>d%ip4 ,yet !re has n be5 a s+le miracle p]=m$ by its prophets4 ,x is report$ t its f\nd] ann\nc$ t he w\ld p]=m "o 9 ! sight ( all ,israel & ( ! sun1 b :5 ! "t came he said1 t if ! spectators believ$ t he c\ld d :at 0 promis$1 t 0 q en\gh6 ,spiritualism1 on ! o!r h&1 is a new sort ( !osophy1 o/5sibly f\nd$ & support$ :olly by ?aumaturgy2 its disciples h induc$ !mselves to believe1 aga9/ _! orig9al ideas1 t we are n only surr\nd$ by ! spirits ( ! dep>t$1 b t ^! c be br\ght into connection ) u by means ( c]ta9 individuals1 call$ m$iators or m$iums--t ^! h su* p[]1 ov] ! invisible be+s hov]+ 9 ! air1 t ! s\ls ( ! dead may be made to %ake ! tables ( ! liv+1 & lift up _! s(as to ! ceil+4 ,! miracles are believ$ 9 by _m1 b ,spiritualism lags f> beh9d ! ,mormon !ology1 & probably always w d4 ,we may reg>d ?is "p ( our subject 9 yet ano!r light4 ,let u1 = example1 suppose t ! ,buddhi/s & ! ,*ri/ians succe$ 9 p]suad+ ea* o!r ( ! incorrectness ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 _! respective books1 does x !re=e foll[1 t any ess5tial "p ( ! cre$ ( ei!r "o or o!r mu/ be alt]$8 ,! doctr9es ( ,sidd>?a w\ld n be valueless ev5 if 8 foll[]s disbeliev$ 9 8 p[] to fly z a bird1 or cross a riv] on ! surface ( ! wat]--nor w\ld ^? ( ,m>y's son be prov$ to be wor?less if x 7 c]ta9 t he nev] m>*$ ov] a bill[y sea1 & t he 0 n really kill$ by crucifixion4 ,! disciples ( ,sakya ,muni believ$ 9 a resurrection ( ! dead1 )\t hav+ _h ! advantage ( a real or imag9>y reappe>ance ( _! ma/] aft] 8 suppos$ decease4 ,! ,etruscans1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 _h all an ,elysium to :i* ! good folk w5t4 ,! ,r$ ,indian believes 9 a future life & happy hunt+ gr\nds 7s we are told71 al?\gh he has nev] he>d ( ,judea4 ,! rude ,nor?m5 & ,danes _h also _! ,valhalla to g to aft] dea?1 long ere !y 7 ,*ri/ians4 ,/ill f>!r1 x is to be notic$1 by ! close obs]v]1 t ! ,jews at ! "t ( ,jesus1 & "s ( ! ,greeks ab\t ! same p]iod1 7 divid$ 9 _! op9ions respect+ ! exi/5ce ( m5 9 a future /ate4 ,! ,sadducees1 hold+ fa/ to ! books ( ,moses & ! ,prophets1 d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( a resurrection1 ( angels or ( spirits4 ,! ,ph>isees1 on ! o!r h&1 influ5c$ app>5tly by ,babylonian & ,p]sian !ology1 _h fai? 9 all ?ree4 ,t ?is belief 9 a future life 0 n commonly held by ! poor folk 9 ,judea1 we inf] f ,m>k ix4 #aj1 :]e9 we are told t ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john 7 que/ion+ ) "o ano!r :at ! ris+ f ! dead %\ld mean4 ,t ! ,a!nians 7 equally c>eless ab\t :at is n[ call$ heav5 & hell1 we judge f ,acts xvii4 #ah1 :]e9 we are told t ,paul's prea*+ ab\t ,jesus & ! resurrection 0 a /range affair1 & f ! ?irty-second v]se ( ! same *apt]1 :]e9 x is said t ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus 0 receiv$ ) d]ision4 ,i am q aw>e t x may be object$ to ^! rem>ks t ! d\bt ab\t ! ris+ f ! dead does n po9t to a g5]al resurrection1 b simply to ! return to life ( "o p>ticul> individual4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only removes ! difficulty to a %ort di/ance1 = ,greek /ory tells u ( ! annual return ( ,pros]p9e f ! realms ( ,pluto to ! light ( day1 & ,adonis 0 ye>ly resuscitat$1 9 my?ical n>rative4 ,= ! ,hebrew1 ! ris+ f ! dead ought n to be a wond]ful matt]4 ,0 x n told 9 _! ,scriptures h[1 :5 c]ta9 p]sons 7 bury+ a man1 ! be>]s 9 a fright ?rew ! corpse into ! sepul*re ( ,elijah1 ^: bones _h su* efficacy t !y reviv$ ! dead man1 :o /ood on 8 feet 7#b ,k+s xiii4 #ba74 ,we f9d also1 f ,m>k vi4 #af1 ,luke ix4 #i1 t ,h]od _h a full belief 9 ! p[] ( ,john to rise aga9 f ! dea? to :i* t mon>* _h consign$ him4 ,! sceptic may d\bt ! ability ( ! two evangeli/s to read :at 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! royal m9d :5 ,jesus & 8 works 7 br\ght be=e its notice1 b he _c d\bt t ! writ] 0 aw>e t 9 ,h]od's "t !re 0 a belief 9 ! resurrection ( individuals4 ,inde$1 we f9d 9 ! v]se foll[+ t :i* tells ( ! ,apo/le's bewild]m5t1 ,m>k ix4 #aa1 a "q1 :y say ! scribes t ,elias mu/ fir/ come8 ,to :i* ! reply is t ! prophet has come4 ,we are con/ra9$1 !re=e1 to believe t ,jesus 0 n ! fir/ :o rose f ! dead2 nay1 ev5 he himself commission$ 8 disciples to cleanse ! lep]s1 & raise ! dead 7,mat?4 x4 #h74 ,:at1 !n1 is ! value ( ! argum5ts t ,paul builds ^u ! ass]tion t ,*ri/ is ! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept4 ,?is be+ s1 we may fairly ask1 :5ce did ,m>y's son d]ive ! ideas :i* he promulgat$ ( a resurrection1 & ( salvation1 & :y _h a sophi/ical writ] l ,paul to adopt ! clumsy contrivance ( ass]t+ t ,jesus n only _h ris51 b t he 0 ! fir/ individual :o _h done s1 to demon/rate t ! dead really did return aga9 to life8 ,paul's argum5t1 inde$1 %[s h[ little he knew or _h ?\ght ^u ! subject1 = he di/9ctly prea*es a resurrection ( ! body1 n ( ! s\l1 a belief adopt$ into ! ,apo/les' cre$4 ,yet1 at ! v p]iod :5 ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ians 7 ?us un=m$1 ! disciples ( ,buddha1 to a man1 believ$ 9 a future ,nirvana1 9 :i* !re %\ld be no m sorr[ nor cry+1 nei!r %\ld !re be any m pa91 & :]e all e>?ly ?+s %\ld h pass$ away 7see ,rev4 xxi4 #d74 ,we are n yet 9 ! position to prove t ,m>y's son & c]ta9 ( 8 foll[]s receiv$ _! inspiration f disciples ( ,sidd>?a1 b !re is c]ta9ly a /rong presumption 9 fav\r ( ! possibility1 mu* evid5ce ( its probability1 & no?+ :atev] to disprove x4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 we w return by & by4 ,ere we proce$ to exam9e into ! nature ( ! doctr9es ( ,sakya ,muni & ( ,jesus1 we may ca/ a glance ov] ! condition ( ! m5 :om !y conv]t$4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 x is n too mu* to say t !y all 7 prie/-ridd5 9 ! fulle/ mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,! resid5ts 9 ,mod]n ,india & ,papal ,rome1 until a %ort "t ago1 well und]/ood :at ! t]m signifies2 day by day1 & almo/ h\r by h\r1 !re is1 or 0 9 ^! places1 "s c]emony to be att5d$1 "s pray] to be utt]$1 "s confession to be made1 "s contribution to be giv5 to mona/]y1 *ur*1 or prie/4 ,p5ances are1 & 7 inflict$ ( ! mo/ pa9ful1 sometimes ( ! mo/ disgu/+ k9d4 ,! la/ ,i he>d ( 0 9 ,wales1 :]e a man 0 ord]$ to lie d[n at ! *ur* door z a mat1 ^u :i* ! fai?ful 7 to wipe _! feet4 ,bo? 9 ,india & ,italy1 m51 wom51 & *ildr5 alike are1 or 71 taught to reg>d !mselves z ! s]vants1 & ev5 slaves ( ! hi]>*y1 & _! money is1 or 01 ali5at$ f wives & *ildr5 to swell ! c(f]s ( spiritual tyrants4 ,p]petual t]rors ( hell are s\nd$1 until ^? he>]s1 ^: he>ts are impressionable1 are habitually haunt$ by imag9>y horrors1 ea* "o ( :i* has to be b\ght (f by a sort ( hu%-money paid to ! prie/1 :o has inv5t$1 adopt$1 or describ$ !m4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( ,engl& & ,france prior to ! ,re=mation & ! ,revolution4 ,s long z m5 are debas$ by _! guides1 & all[ !mselves1 ) ! docility ( a well-tra9$ dog1 to be rul$1 & s long z tyrannical flam5s c wr+ an ev] increas+ tax f ! p1 !re is probably no?+ m 9 ! brea/ ( ea* ?an a vague feel+ ( dislike1 or regret1 at ! exi/5ce ( su* ?+s1 :i* r>ely receives utt]ance = fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,b z soon z a man1 m bold ?an 8 neighb\rs1 raises a /&>d ( revolt1 ^: success appe>s to be secure1 ! bulk ( ! oppress$ fir/ sympa?ize )1 yet fe> to jo9 him1 !n1 aft] wat*+ eag]ly ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 & admir+ ! boldness ( m5 m resolute ?an !mselves1 !y timidly make common cause ) ! re=m]1 &1 if circum/ances fav\r !m1 !y become en?usia/ic4 ,z ! news ( ! m5tal revolt swells1 ! p1 tir$ ( oppression1 rise 9 _! might & sweep away ! hi]>*y1 or compel x to ab&on its pret5sions4 ,buddha & ,*ri/ 7 su* lead]s z we "h describe1 & su* 0 ! c\rse gone ?r\gh by _! foll[]s4 ,! timid ,pet] d5y+ ,jesus1 & yet aft]w>ds boldly prea*+ him up1 is an example almo/ too well kn[n to be quot$4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to inquire into ! nature ( ,sidd>?a's tea*+4 ,premis+ t 8 doctr9es 7 collect$ at lea/ #bjj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 ! fir/ :i* we notice is "o t he n only inculcat$ by language b en=c$ by 8 abid+ example4 ,he taught t ! com=ts & pleasures ( ?is life act z fett]s1 to *a9 man's _s to e>?2 t day by day !y necessitate ! cultivation ( prop5sities & passions m or less be/ial 9 _! nature2 & t z ^! /r5g!n1 s ! individual :o possess$ !m w\ld be born aga91 aft] 8 dea?1 to "s =m ( mis]y & woe 9 :i* he w\ld h to atone = ! human infirmities :i* he _h n conqu]$4 ,to escape f ! possibility ( su* an ev5t1 ,sakya c\nsell$ 8 disciples to wean !mselves1 z f> z possible1 f e s5sual passion2 to mortify ! body by fa/+1 s z to make x m readily sep>able f ! inn] man2 to r5\nce all com=t except t ( do+ good2 & believ+ 9 a /ate ( p]fect future salvation4 ,a man1 he taught1 mu/ ab&on ev]y?+ z valueless comp>$ ) ! atta9m5t ( salvation or nirvana2 he mu/ be :olly dep5d5t ^u o!rs = food & raim5t2 he mu/ take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 & live l a bird or lily1 lay+ up no /ore2 = c]ta9ly a disciple ( ,sakya ought n to und]take any trade or o!r means ( ga9+ a livelihood1 le/ x %\ld ensn>e 8 _s & tie x d[n to ! grovell+ ?+s ( e>?4 ,?is 0 ! rule = ! v fai?ful1 ! infirm believ]s _h a m l5i5t code4 ,if we n[ turn to ! doctr9e said to h be5 taught by ,jesus & 8 disciples1 we %all f9d a close p>allel betwe5 x & t ( ! ,indian tea*]4 ,= example1 ,john says 7#a ,epis4 ii4 #ae1af7 ,love n ! _w1 nei!r ! ?+s t are 9 ! _w4 ,if any man love ! _w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n 9 him4 ,= all t is 9 ! _w1 ! lu/ ( ! fle% & ! lu/ ( ! eye1 & ! pride ( life1 is n ( ! ,fa!r b is ( ! _w4 ,paul says 7,rom4 xii4 #b7 ,be n con=m$ to ?is _w1 b be ye trans=m$ by ! r5ew+ ( y\r m9d1 t ye may prove :at is t good & acceptable & p]fect w ( ,god4 ,james also says 7*4 iv4 #d7 ,"k ye n t ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w is enmity ) ,god2 :osoev]1 !re=e1 w be a fri5d ( ! _w1 is ! enemy ( ,god4 ,aga91 we f9d 9 ,mat!w xix41 ,m>k x41 & ,luke xii41 ! /ory ( a "y man :o 0 possess$ ( weal?1 probably sc>cely less ?an t ( ,sakya ,muni1 & ^: life _h be5 consci5ti\sly conduct$1 accord+ to ! comm&m5ts :i* he knew1 & :o hav+ he>d ( ,jesus1 came to ask him if !re 7 a m c]ta9 way ( salvation ?an ! "o he 0 94 ,to him ! reply is1--,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g & sell t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 heav51 & come & foll[ me4 ,9 ! v]ses1 moreov]1 :i* foll[1 !re is a rem>k f ! same tea*] to ! effect1 t e "o t ha? =sak5 h\ses1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or fa!r1 or "m1 or wife1 or *ildr51 or l&s1 = my "n's sake1 %all receive an hundr$ fold1 & %all inh]it ev]la/+ life4 ,once aga91 we f9d an exact c\nt]p>t ( ,buddha's tea*+ 9 ! s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 :i* is record$ 9 ,mat?4 vi4 #be-cd--;,i say unto y1 take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat or :at ye %all dr9k1 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on4 ,is n ! life m ?an meat1 & ! body ?an raim5t8 ,behold ! f[ls ( ! air1 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns1 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,are ye n mu* bett] ?an !y8444 ,:y take ye ?\ght = raim5t1 consid] ! lilies ( ! field444 if ,god s clo! ! grass444 %all he n mu* m clo! y8 ,!re=e take no ?\ght1 say+1 :at %all we eat1 or :at %all we dr9k1 or :]e)al %all we be clo!d8444 ,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[444 suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re(4 ,o!r simil> passages might readily be giv51 b ! above suffice to demon/rate ! ,buddhi/ic tea*+ ( ! prophet ( ,naz>e?4 ,bo? />t f ! idea t dea?1 disease1 pa91 & mis]y is ! result ( s9--& bo? imag9e t s9 consi/s 9 liv+ & act+ ^u ! natural wants1 necessities1 & prop5sities ( human k9d4 ,bo? imag9e t to be natural is to be vile1 & t salvation is to be atta9$ by resi/+ e impulse :i* is common to mank9d ,man desires to eat :5 hungry--?is is a weakness to be combat$2 a "m loves h] babe--?is mu/ n be tol]at$2 a y\? covets a damsel 9 m>riage--?is is a sn>e to draw bo? d[n to hell2 celibacy mu/ be en=c$4 ,! argum5t runs ?us1--,if any "o enjoys life he is sure to fe> dea?1 & w c]ta9ly pay = 8 pleasures2 b if any "o has ! resolution to pass 8 ye>s on e>? 9 mis]y l t ( hell1 he w be glad to die1 & fe>less ( any place ( torm5t2 use has br$ a habit 9 him & no torture c come amiss4 ,"s ,*ri/ian au?or has v5tur$ to ass]t religion nev] 0 design$ to make our pleasures less1 b he 0 a conspicu\s h]etic4 ,buddha's doctr9e 0 f\nd$ ^u ! ass]tion t life is always %ort1 & t x is n wor? a man's :ile to buy a few ye>s ( enjoym5t ) myriads ( ye>s ( agony4 ,jesus prea*$ t ! ,jews' "t 0 %ort1 = !y1 & mo/ probably all ! _w besides1 7 to be burn$ up any day )9 ! duration ( ! g5]ation--:at !n 0 ! use ( lay+ up /ores ( gra91 ( buy+ f9e clo!s1 & keep+ w9e to get mell[8 ,bo? prea*]s 7 equally %ort sight$ & absurd 9 _! tea*+1 = if _! disciples 7 to live ^u alms1 & all rep5t$ & adopt$ ! doctr9e1 x is cle> t all w\ld />ve toge!r1 & self immolation by hung] 0 repugnant to bo? prophets4 ,if no "o made clo!s all mu/ g nak$1 & indec5cy 0 =bidd54 ,if no "o 0 to lay up money1 !re w\ld be no "o to pay = "w1 yet toil 0 consid]$ to be a duty4 ,if e "o 0 to live f h& to m\?1 :o w\ld keep a calf until x became a heif]1 or a lamb to become a %eep8 ,x is difficult to conceive t two individuals c\ld h work$ out su* a s*eme ( salvation indep5d5tly1 & ! m9ut5ess ( ! resemblances induces me to believe t ,jesus1 possibly )\t kn[+ x1 fir/ adopt$ & !n promulgat$ 9 ,judea ! doctr9es ( ! ,indian sage4 ,foll[+1 aga91 ! lead ( ,/4 ,hilaire 7,le ,b\ddha1 c1 #ahfj1 pp4 #ha1 et seq471 we f9d t ,sidd>?a taught #fjj ye>s ,b4 ,c41 t dea? & all ! mis]ies ( mank9d 7 due to ! passions1 desires1 & s9s ( man2 t all ?is mis]y w\ld cease 9 ,nirvana 7( :i* we %all speak by & by71 & t ! means to atta9 to ?is salvation is to keep ! true fai?2 to h a correct judgm5t2 to be tru?ful 9 all ?+s1 & to hold e false ?+ 9 abhorr5ce2 always to act & to ?9k ) a pure & hone/ m9d2 to adopt a religi\s life1 i4e41 "o t is 9 no respect worldly1 n ow+ ev5 subsi/5ce to any?+ :i* might be ta9t$ ) s92 to practise a c>eful & e>ne/ /udy ( ! law2 to cultivate a good memory1 s t all mi/akes 9 conduct may be rememb]$ if !y h occurr$1 & be avoid$ 9 ! future2 & frequ5t m$itation1 i4e41 an ab/raction ( ! m9d f self consci\sness1 a ?9k+ ( no?+1 s z to approximate ! s\l to ,nirvana4 ,^! 7 ,buddha's fundam5tal v]ities4 ,x is put m %ortly ?us1--,practis+ no evil1 advanc+ 9 ! ex]cise ( e virtue1 purify+ "o's self 9 m9d & w1 ?is is inde$ ! doctr9e ( all ! ,buddhas4 ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 vol4 xix4 p4 #dgc4 ,we may once m /op to comp>e ! tea*+ ( ,sidd>?a ) t famili> to ,*ri/ians4 ,paul says1 = example 7,rom4 v4 #ab7 ,z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s92 s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 = t all h s9n$2 aga91 9 *ap1 vi4 #bc1 ! wages ( s9 is dea?2 aga91 9 *ap4 vii4 #e1 :5 we 7 9 ! fle% ! motions ( s9s444 did "w 9 our memb]s to br+ =? fruit unto dea?2 & aga91 *ap4 viii4 #f1 to be c>nally m9d$ is dea?2 b to be spiritually m9d$ is life & peace4 ,we may next ref] to :at "s call ! fundam5tal tea*+ ( ,jesus1 z enunciat$ 9 answ] to ! "q ( ! "y man ,:at %all ,i d t ,i may inh]it et]nal life8 ,mat!w xix41 ,m>k x41 ,if ?\ wilt ent] into life1 keep ! comm&m5ts4 ,?\ %alt d no murd]1 ?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ?\ %alt n /eal1 ?\ %alt n be> false witness1 hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 & ?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,& :5 ! "y man ass]t$ t he _h done s1 all t he 0 told to d 9 addition1 0 to sell 8 prop]ty1 give ! proce$s to ! poor1 & become a foll[] ( ,jesus1 :o _h n :]e to lay 8 head1 & to live ^u ! *>ity ( o!r p4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 notice 9 pass+1 t ! tea*+ ( ,jesus is n by any means s uni=m z t ( ,sakya1 = we f9d ! =m] "h in/ruct+ a "y man to d no murd]1 b at a subsequ5t p]iod1 t ( ! la/ supp]1 ,jesus exhorts 8 disciples1 & ?r\gh !m1 possibly1 ! v man to :om he rehe>s$ ! comm&m5ts1 ?us ,he t ha? no sword1 let him sell 8 g>m5t & buy "o1 7,luke xxii #cf74 ,c]ta9ly a direct enc\ragem5t to homicide4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! ,buddhi/s a %ort =mula ( fai? has be5 fram$1 :i* is to ?is effect--,ta?agata 7ano!r "n ( ,sakya ,muni71 9 ! prop] condition1 has expla9$ t our pres5t /ate is produc$ by antec$5t causes1 & ! great ,sramana1 or ,ascetic 7ano!r cognom5 ( ,sidd>?a71 has told u h[ to avoid ! effects ( s94 ,! effects are pa9 & actual exi/5ce1 hav+ = _! cause pa/ s9s2 ! cause is ! production ( suff]+3 ! cessation ( ^! effects is ,nirvana1 ! tea*+ ( ,ta?agata1 or ( ! great ,sramana1 is ! way :i* leads to ,nirvana4 ,! ,*ri/ian =mula runs1 ,z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4 ,to ?is we may comp>e a ,nepaulese say+1 ,arise1 leave y\r possession1 take up ! law ( ,buddha1 & break asund] ! p[] ( dea?4 ,9 addition to ! fundam5tal maxim giv5 on ! prec$+ page1 ,sakya ,muni add$ _m o!rs1 among/ !m1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 ?\ %alt n /eal1 ?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ?\ %alt n lie1 ?\ %alt n get drunk2 o!rs are ( light] consequ5ce--?\ %alt n eat out ( due season1 ?\ %alt n wat* dances or !atrical repres5tations1 or li/5 to songs or music1 ?\ %alt ab/a9 f all ornam5tation ( dress1 c41 & f p]fume2 ?\ %alt n h a l>ge b$1 nor ev] take gold or silv]2 ?\ %alt rema9 inflexibly *a/e4 ,to ^? :o desir$ to become disciples & p]sonal fri5ds ( ,buddha1 x 0 orda9$ t 7a7 ,!y %\ld only be clo!d ) rags tak5 f ! cemet]ies1 or f heaps ( refuse1 or f\nd on ! high road4 7b7 ,t !re %\ld only be ?ree ( ^! ve/m5ts1 & t ea* %\ld be /it*$ by ! we>]1 & t !y %\ld be cov]$ ) a cloak ( yell[ wool 7c7 ,t ! food %\ld be z simple z possible--a rule adopt$ by ,*ri/ian sa9ts1 b n by ,bi%ops4 7d7 ,t all %\ld live ^u alms & (f]+s1 :i* %\ld be begg$ =1 9 p]fect sil5ce1 f h\se to h\se1 & plac$ 9 a vessel made ( wood--a plan adopt$ by c]ta9 ,*ri/ian m5dicant fri>s4 7e7 ,t only "o meal %\ld be tak5 dur+ ! day--a rule to be f\nd 9 "s ,*ri/ian mona/]ies4 7f7 ,t no alim5ts1 ev5 ! mo/ simple1 %\ld be tak5 aft] noon1 ! re/ ( ! day aft] ?is p]iod %\ld be devot$ to tea*+ & m$itation4 7g7 ,! fai?ful %\ld live 9 ! wild]ness or =e/1 & n 9 t[ns or villages4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ian h]mits liv$ 9 ! des]ts ( ! ,!baid4 7h7 ,!y %\ld only %elt] !mselves "u ! b\ghs & leaves ( trees4 7i7 ,!y %\ld sit ) ! back support$ only by ! trunk *os5 = refuge4 7j7 ,!y %\ld sleep sitt+1 & n ly+ d[n4 7k7 ,!y %\ld nev] *ange _! sitt+ mat f ! place :]e x 0 put fir/4 7l7 ,! disciples %\ld unite toge!r1 at lea/ ^u "o night 9 ! mon?1 to m$itate among/ ! tombs ^u ! in/ability ( human ?+s4 ,m5dicity1 *a/ity1 & asceticism 7 ess5tial p>ts ( ,sakya ,muni's practice1 & ,/4 ,hilaire 7op4 cit41 p4 #hg7 naively rem>ks t ^! c]ta9ly are n ! means = mak+ good citiz5s1 ?\gh !y may produce good sa9ts4 ,we may notice1 9 pass+1 t ! pi\s foll[]s ( ,sramana 7! "o :o ma/]$ 8 passions7 7 v mu* m prop]1 9 our eyes1 ?an "s ( ! ,brahm9s1 f :om !y sec$$1 inasmu* z ! =m] wore suffici5t g>m5ts to cov] !mselves dec5tly1 :il/ ! latt]1 :om ! ,greeks call$ ,gymnosophi/s1 w5t )\t any m clo?+ ?an ! horse or ass4 ,x is also to be notic$ t ,sidd>?a provid$ a sort ( code ( laws to be obs]v$ by ^? :o wi%$ to adopt 8 me?od ( salvation1 )\t becom+ altoge!r religi\s4 ,^! consi/$ 9 ! en=cem5t ( *a/ity1 purity1 pati5ce1 c\rage1 contemplation1 & k--^! 71 x 0 ass]t$1 ! transc5d5t virtues :i* w\ld pass man across ! riv] ( dea?4 ,!y w\ld n l& him !re 9 life1 b :il/ ^! 7 adopt$ z ! rule ( life1 ! aspirant 0 9 ! "r way to atta9 ,nirvana4 ,! *>ity :i* ,sakya ,muni orda9$ 0 univ]sal1 ext5d+ ev5 to :at we call ! l[] animals1 & "o example is giv5 9 :i* a disciple ca/ himself into ! sea to save a boat's crew 9 dang] ( dea? f a /orm1 :il/ ano!r tells ( ,buddha giv+ himself z food to a tigress1 :o _h n suffici5t milk = h] "y ones4 ,aga91 ! precept aga9/ ly+ includ$ false witness1 & all t we call bad language1 z well z trifl+ *at1 call$ bad9age1 wit1 & ! l4 ,p]sons 7 n only to avoid wrong1 b !y 7 to cultivate e good habit1 or :at we designate ea* ,*ri/ian grace4 ,x 0 inculcat$1 t beauty ( language1 or eloqu5ce1 pleasantness ( voice1 & a due respect to cad5ce %\ld be /udi$1 s z to make _! tea*+ popul>1 a precept n mu* reg>d$ among/ ord9>y ,*ri/ian div9es4 ,beyond o!r ?+s1 humility 0 inculcat$1 n t :i* exi/s on ! lips only1 & is app>5tly compatible ) ! det]m9$ endeav\r to ex]cise unlimit$ p[]1 :i* has be5 conspicu\s 9 ! ,papacy = a mill5nium at lea/1 b t :i* conceals greatness & demon/rates littl5ess4 ,?us !re is a leg5d ( ,buddha refus+1 at ! reque/ ( a k+1 to exhibit any miracle to conv9ce 8 oppon5ts1 8 answ] be+1 ,great k+1 ,i d n tea* ! law to my he>]s by say+ to !m1 ',g1 oh y religi\s m56 & be=e ,brahm9s & h\se-hold]s p]=m1 by means ( a sup]natural p[]1 miracul\s ?+s1 :i* no o!r m5 c effect1' b ,i say to !m1 9 tea*+ !m ! law1 ',live1 oh ye pi\s ones1 s z to conceal y\r good works1 & to let y\r s9s be se54' ,at ?is po9t we pause once m to draw a p>allel betwe5 ,sidd>?a & ,jesus1 ?\gh1 9 ! del9eation ( ! doctr9e ( ! latt]1 we %all see a discrepancy :i* appe>s to indicate two di/9ct au?or%ips 9 ! record$ /ory4 ,we ref]1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ,luke vi1 :]e9 we f9d1 v4 #bg1 et seq41 ,love y\r enemies1 d good to !m :i* hate y1 bless !m t curse y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y1 & to him t smite? !e on ! "o *eek (f] also ! o!r 7comp>e ,matt4 v4 #ci1 #dj74 ,aga91 ,matt4 vi4 #c1 ,:5 ?\ doe/ alms1 let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?1 & 9 v4 #f1 ,:5 ?\ praye/1 ent] into ?y closet1 c42 v4 #af1 ,:5 ye fa/1 be n1 z ! hypocrites1 ( a sad c\nt5ance4 ,side by side ) ?is we may place ! directions giv5 9 ,matt1 x41 :]e we f9d t ,jesus call$ 8 disciples unto him1 & gave !m p[] aga9/ unclean spirits to ca/ !m out1 & to heal all mann] ( sickness & all mann] ( disease --!y 71 moreov]1 to cleanse ! lep]s & raise ! dead1 i4e4t ! disciples 7 to p]=m miracles2 b if !y1 9 _! w&]+s & tea*+s1 %\ld be reject$1 despis$1 or affront$1 ! apo/les 7 to %ake (f ! du/ ( _! feet aga9/ ! p]secutors1 be+ c]ta9 t condign puni%m5t w\ld fall ^u ! (f5d]s4 ,x is curi\s t 9 ! hi/ories ( ! ,indian & ! ,jew1 !re %\ld be analog\s discrepancies betwe5 records ( _! say+s & do+s4 ,sidd>?a & ,jesus are repres5t$1 ea* ( !m1 z decl9+ to p]=m miracles :5 ask$ or expect$ to d s4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! same hi/ories we f9d m>vell\s acc\nts ( ! wond]s :i* !y p]=m$4 ,we h se5 ! cla%+ reports ( ,buddha1 ! foll[+ reports ( ! son ( ,m>y are equally discordant4 ,to make ! dissonance m /rik+1 we place ! passages 9 p>allel columns4 ,illu/ration3 #ada ,at :at "t aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus ! miracles record$ ( him 7 fabricat$ we c sc>cely tell4 ,if1 ) mo/ critical s*ol>s1 we believe t ,john's ,gospel 0 writt5 by "s ,neoplatonic ,greek1 at lea/ a c5tury & a-half aft] ! p]iod allud$ to1 we mu/ also believe1 ei!r t all ! leg5ds ab\t ! ca/+ out ( devils by ! son ( ,m>y 7 inv5t$ aft] ! "t :5 ,john liv$1 or else1 :i* is probable1 t ! la/ evangeli/ gave no cr$it to !m1 if !y did already exi/2 & if ! good s5se & sup]ior k ( ,john l$ him to discr$it ! tale ab\t ! legion ( devils1 :i* left "o man99 to ent] into ab\t two ?\s& pigs1 ,i d n see t o!r ,*ri/ians are oblig$ to believe ! leg5d4 ,f consid]ations :i* we advanc$ 9 ! articles ,prophets1 ,prophecy1 c41 9 ,anci5t ,fai?s 7,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #eae71 & especially 9 ! hi/ory ( ,b>co*ab1 :o 0 suppos$ to be ! ,messiah by "s ,jews 9 ,a4,d4 #aca-e1 we argu$ t new matt] 0 c]ta9ly introduc$ into ! /ory ( ,jesus told by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,john1 z late z ! era ( t en?usia/ic ,hebrew lead]4 ,we notic$ ! d\bts t exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( _m e>ly ,*ri/ians z to :e!r ?is r$\btable w>rior 0 n ! man ( :om ! prophets spake4 ,we may n[ /ill fur!r notice t he pr(ess$ to p]=m miracles1 :i* appe> to be ?or\ghly contemptible :5 weigh$ aga9/ ^? ( ! gospels4 ,to our m9d x is inconceivable t ! foll[]s ( ,m>y's son c\ld h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! m>vell\s works attribut$ to ,jesus 9 ! gospels1 &1 yet be %ak5 by su* a man z ,b>co*ab4 ,we notice1 also1 t n "o ,epi/le writ] ref]s to !m--consequ5tly1 we believe t all ! wondr\s tales told ( ! prophet ( ,naz>e?1 mu/ h be5 introduc$ aft] ! "t ( ,hadrian 79 ^: reign ,b>co*ab 0 de/roy$71 & 7 fabricat$ by pi\s ,*ri/ians1 to prove t ! ,messiah1 9 :om !y believ$1 0 inf9itely sup]ior to t w>rior :om o!rs _h = a "t tru/$4 ,bo?1 to be sure1 _h be5 kill$ by ! ,romans1 & ?us bo? might seem ^u a p>1 b if hi/ory c\ld be cook$--& !re is probably no s+le hi/ory exi/+ :i* is /rictly true--to %[ t ! fir/ p]=m$ a hundr$ times ! wond]ful works ( ! second1 he w\ld ?us become greatly exalt$4 ,see especially ,matt4 xxiv4 #bd1 9 confirmation ( ?is view4 ,be ?is z x may1 !re is1 ,i und]/&1 solid f\ndation = ! ass]tion t ! ,new ,te/am5t1 su* z we h x n[1 might h be5 compos$1 alt]$1 curtail$1 add$ to1 remodell$1 or o!rwise fa%ion$1 at any p]iod betwe5 ! ye>s a4d4 #ej & #cjj1 aft] :i* *ange 0 difficult1 ?\gh we _c say impossible4 ,a correspond+ /atem5t is true ( ! books :i* record ! life & doctr9es ( ,buddha4 99 ,9 ,mat!w viii4 #cj-cb1 we are told t !re 7 two m5 :o 7 possess$ ) ! devils :i* subsequ5tly ent]$ ! h]d ( sw9e2--9 ,m>k v4 #aa-ac1 ! spirits are repres5t$ z be+ conc5trat$ 9 "o p]son1 & 9 ,luke viii4 #cb-cc1 ! tale appe>s 9 ! same guise z 9 ,m>k--only ! man is made to call himself ,legion1 on acc\nt ( ! multitude ( devils liv+ inside him4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d "o ne$ n be rigidly p>ticul>1 = x signifies little :e!r ! spirits 7 "o ?\s& 9 "o man or two ?\s& 9 two--! wond] is t spirits c\ld talk--fly away f man to pig1 or commit suicide 9 ! bodies ( ! sw9e :5 !y might h done ! same ?+ 9 "o or two m54 ,x is cle> f ! miracle t c]ta9 devils *ange _! habits :5 !y take up _! habitation 9 porc9e in/ead ( human be+s4 ,at ?is p]iod ( our p>allel we may pr(itably exam9e ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & asc]ta9 :e!r we _c extract f x a tol]ably fair acc\nt ( ! life & tea*+ ( ,jesus1 )\t includ+ !re9 a s+le act ( ?aumaturgy4 ,we fe>lessly ass]t1 n only t we c1 b t ! miracles are n an ess5tial "p ( 8 doctr9e4 ,= example1 we le>n t ,jesus 0 ! son ( a woman betro!d to a c>p5t]1 :o became pregnant ere yet ! c]emony ( m>riage 0 gone ?r\gh4 ,h] affianc$ husb& did n make h] frailty an excuse = annull+ ! contract1 possibly = a good1 & to him a suffici5t reason4 ,he m>ri$ ! already fruitful ,m>y1 & h] *ild pass$ among/ ! neighb\rs z be+ ! son ( ,joseph4 ,?is we le>n f ,matt4 xiii4 #ee1 :]e we f9d ! p say+1 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]'s son8 is n 8 "m call$ ,m>y8 & 8 bre?r5 ,james1 & ,joses1 & ,simon1 & ,judas1 & 8 si/]s1 are !y n all ) u8 a /atem5t repeat$ 9 simil> t]ms1 ,m>k vi4 #c4 ,?is %ort acc\nt is important1 s9ce x completely de/roys ! papal doctr9e t ,m>y 0 ev] virg91 = %e bore at lea/ f\r o!r sons ?an h] fir/ born1 & two daught]s4 ,at no p]iod 0 ,jesus reg>d$ ei!r by ! family or by ! neighb\rs z illegitimate1 nor is !re any reason to believe t ,joseph look$ ^u him o!rwise ?an z 8 own son4 ,inde$1 9 ,luke ii4 #db-dh1 ! c>p5t] di/9ctly appe>s to act z if he recogniz$ ,jesus z 8 own (fspr+--9 v]se #dh1 ,m>y says1 ,son1 :y ha/ ?\ ?us dealt ) u8 behold ?y fa!r & ,i h s\ght !e sorr[+1 ass]t+ z pla9ly z words c\ld speak1 t ,joseph _h begott5 ,jesus4 ,x is true t ! y\? repli$1 ,wi/ ye n t ,i mu/ be ab\t my fa!r's bus9ess8 b ! /ory adds ! important in=mation1 t ! c\ple did n und]/& ! say+4 ,x is cle> to u1 t if ! leg5d ( ! impregnation ( ,m>y by ! ,holy ,gho/1 aft] t ev5t _h be5 previ\sly ann\nc$ to h]1 & if1 z we are told 9 ,matt4 i4 #bj1 ,joseph _h be5 in=m$ by ! angel ( ! ,"l t ! foetus 9 ,m>y's womb 0 begott5 by ! ,holy ,gho/1 x w\ld n h be5 possible = ,joseph & 8 wife to h misund]/ood ! words ( ,jesus4 ,! v wond] :i* !y express$ demon/rates ! belief ( ! p>5ts t !re 0 no?+ unusual 9 ! conception4 ,! fa!r ,joseph knew t he _h borne 8 %>e 9 ! ev5t1 & ,m>y knew t %e _h n conv]s$ ) any o!r man2 consequ5tly1 = h] son to indicate ano!r fa!r ?an ,joseph1 naturally my/ifi$ h]4 ,we !re=e _c all[ ! ass]tion to pass1 t ! conception & bir? ( ,jesus 0 9 itself a miracle4 ,b z we %all rev]t to ! subject 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 we w say no m ab\t x "h4 ,aft] liv+ & work+ ) 8 p>5ts = "s ye>s1 ,jesus 0 attract$ by ! prea*+ ( 8 c\s9 ,john1 ^: doctr9es 7 ess5tially ,buddhi/ic & ,ess5ian4 ,l ! ,h9doos1 he us$ wat] z an emblem ( purification1 & urg$ 8 he>]s to rep5tance & good conduct4 ,:at motives urg$ ,john to become ! voice ( "o cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 we h no means ( judg+1 b ! gospel n>ratives tell u t he1 l ,jesus1 believ$ 9 ! almo/ imm$iate de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,8 text 01 ,rep5t1 = ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,jesus adopt$ ! view1 & promulgat$ x m ext5sively4 ,8 text 0 ! same z t ( 8 c\s91 b m exp&$4 ,! k+dom ( heav5 means glory to ! righte\s1 & ev]la/+ life2 mis]y & ev]la/+ de/ruction to ! wick$4 ,! "t is ne>1 ha/5 to escape f ! com+ v5geance4 ,! e>ne/ness ( ,jesus1 8 acqua9tance ) ! prophets1 8 self-d5ial & 8 con/ant k9dness1 ende>$ him to ! common p4 ,! same virtues _h a l effect 9 ! case ( ,buddha4 ,among/ villag]s & pov]ty-/rick5 fi%]m5 he soon won 8 way1 & e "o _h "s /ory to tell ( him1 :i* increas$ 9 wond] z x pass$ f m\? to e>s1 & f ^! to ! tongue ( ! li/5]s4 ,^? :o "k h[ an ord9>y circum/ance may gradually become describ$ z miracul\s1 ev5 9 ,engl&1 c well imag9e h[ ! miracles ( ,jesus & ,sidd>?a 7 produc$4 ,9 "t ,jesus endeav\r$ to induce ! magnates ( ,j]usalem to adopt 8 doctr9e1 & to tru/ 9 rep5tance = salvation r ?an 9 sacrifice1 b ! en?usia/ c\ld n ov]come ! rituali/s1 & !y at once began to weigh _! p[] aga9/ ! influ5ce ( ,jesus ^u ! multitude4 ,aft] a "t ! prie/s 7 conv9c$ t supremacy re/$ ) !m1 & ! man :o prea*$ a religion ( ! he>t1 0 sacrific$ by ! adh]5ts ( c]emonial4 ,su* a fight is common1 z we see ar\nd u4 ,! ,evangelicals & ! ,rituali/s ( to-day1 resemble ! foll[]s ( ,jesus & ( ,moses4 ,:5 ! latt] appe>$ 9 ! guise ( p[]ful ,romani/ rul]s1 !y put d[n ! =m]1 b n[ :5 ! =m] are ! /ronge/1 !y endeav\r to depress ! latt]4 ,aft] ! dea?1 or ! )drawal ( ,jesus f public life--= we h no belief 9 ! leg5ds ( 8 resurrection--consid]+ t 8 app>5t decease 0 a prolong$ fa9t+ fit1 = _h he be5 dead blood w\ld n h foll[$ a spe> w\nd z x did--! disciples ( ,jesus spread 8 fame l>gely4 ,:il/ ,jesus 0 ) !m !y clung to him2 :5 he 0 no m1 ea* man became a prea*]1 & !n ,*ri/ianity spread until x met ) ,buddhism 9 ,egypt1 & ?us became develop$ 9 a peculi> direction4 ,!n came ! gospels1 :i* made ,jesus a second ,sakya4 ,al?\gh we c readily conceive t ,jesus1 l 8 paltry successor1 ,joe ,smi?1 ! ,mormon1 captivat$ ! m9ds ( hundr$s )\t p]=m+ any sup]natural de$1 & t 8 eld]s va/ly increas$ ! numb] ( ^? :o believ$ 9 him1 yet x is cle>1 t anci5t & mod]n !ologians 7 & are anxi\s to e/abli% ! reality ( ! ?aumaturgy attribut$ to ,jesus1 t !y may appeal to x to demon/rate t he 0 ! son ( ,god1 an inc>nation ( a portion ( ! creative m9d--! ^w1 or logos1 hav+ ! same relation%ip to ,jehovah1 ! ,i ,am1 ! ,self-,exi/5t ,"o1 z ,buddha1 ! und]/&+ _h to ,brahma1 ,! ,supreme ,"o4 ,accept+ ?is issue = ! sake ( argum5t1 we affirm once aga9 t1 z ! miracles ( ,sakya & ( ! son ( ,m>y are equally unreliable1 or equally true1 ,buddha 0 z mu* a true son ( ,god z ,*ri/ 01 or t ,jesus 0 no m an inc>nation ( ,jehovah1 ?an ,sidd>?a 0 ( ,brahma4 ,jehovah & ,brahma be+ m]ely diff]5t names = ! same great ,be+4 ,t miracles are n necess>y to ! spread ( a new fai?1 ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,presbyt]ianism & ,mormonism di/9ctly proves4 ,= fur!r rem>ks1 we ref] ! read] to ! article ,miracle 9 ! prec$+ volume4 ,we w po/pone to a subsequ5t page :at we h to say respect+ ! asceticism ( ! ,buddhi/s1 & t :i* 0 preval5t 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,= ! pres5t1 we resume our acc\nt ( ,sakya ,muni's tea*+ z describ$ by ,/4 ,hilaire4 ,f\nd$ ^u 8 doctr9e ( absolute humility1 he e/abli%$ ! cu/om ( confession among/ 8 apo/les or disciples1 & among/ ^? :o v5]at$ 8 tea*+1 ?\gh !y did n' become 8 imm$iate foll[]s4 ,?is confession 0 n t simply auricul> "o en=c$ by ,rituali/s1 b x 0 made twice a mon?1 at ! new & ! full moon1 be=e ! great ,sramana & ! congregation1 9 a cle> voice4 ,p[]ful k+s are report$ to h foll[$ ?is practice4 ,x w n require m ?an a m9ute's reflection to see t ! ,buddhi/ic sy/em ( confession 0 f> sup]ior--z reg>ds ! end 9 view--?an t :i* has be5 adopt$ by ,romani/s & ,rituali/s4 ,sakya & ,james 7*4 v4 #af7 advis$ ! practice 9 "q1 t ! s9n] might be humiliat$ 9 8 own eyes1 & det]r$ f ! necessity ( hav+ aga9 to ackn[l$ge a fall f virtue be=e a congregation ( ! fai?ful4 ,popes & ,prote/ant ,rituali/s1 on ! contr>y1 use confession = ! purpose ( inquir+ into ! "* ( e p5it5t1 & ! practice is adopt$ by ! s9n]1 n ) ! view ( rep5tance1 b to wipe out p]iodically a s9 :i* is habitually r5ew$4 ,if confessions 7 made be=e a congregation1 in/ead ( to a prie/ 9 a closet1 or "s o!r secret spot1 !re w\ld n !n be curr5t s _m sc&al\s /ories z !re are--too true1 alas1 9 _m in/ances--respect+ wom5 :o h be5 debau*$ "u ! guise ( religion1 & prie/s :o h pro/itut$ ! ord9ances ( _! *ur*1 until !y h made !m p&] to vice1 & act z se$s to produce immorality4 ,?\gh p]sonally ,ta?agata prea*$ celibacy1 he _h n1 l "s ( ! s-call$ sa9ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 any feel+ ( disrespect t[>ds family ties4 ,he always spoke affectionately ( 8 "m1 ?\gh he nev] knew h]1 & ! leg5ds say t he endeav\r$ to conv]t h] 9 heav54 ,8 comm& t all 8 foll[]s %\ld hon\r _! fa!r & "m 0 repeat$ly en=c$1 t be+ only second to ! duty ( le>n+1 v5]at+1 & keep+ ! law4 ,x ev5 w5t s high z to include endeav\rs to tea* ! p>5ts if !y 7 ignorant4 ,"o ( ! ma9 duties ( e tea*] appo9t$ by ,sidd>?a1 0 to g ab\t prea*+ ! law1 & exhort+ 8 he>]s to le>n & to obey x4 ,b no "o1 on any acc\nt1 0 to introduce ! p]secut+ elem5t4 ,no respect :atev] 0 to be paid to ca/e1 all be+ alike human be=e ,god4 ,buddha himself is describ$ z a v /rik+ prea*]1 *>m+ 8 he>]s by 8 cle> & eloqu5t diction1 a/oni%+ !m by 8 sup]natural p[]1 sometimes in/ruct+ ! common folk ) +5i\s p>ables1 & incit+ !m to emulation by tell+ :at o!rs _h done4 ,he ref]r$ to ! s9s :i* _h be5 committ$ 9 =m] days by an anci5t p1 & h[ sev]ely puni%$ ^? :o _h committ$ !m _h be51 or /ill 71 & he ev5 record$ 8 own faults1 t o!rs might le>n to avoid !m4 ,he urg$ all 8 he>]s to cultivate tru? & reason1 :i* is c]ta9ly n a ,*ri/ian practice1 & n bl9dly to obey _! spiritual guides1 z ! mod]n fai?ful are taught to d4 ,by mak+ ! practice ( e virtue ! sole means = atta9+ et]nal salvation1 he practically disc\rag$ vice1 b x does n appe> t he endeav\r$ actively to d5\nce immorality1 s91 or s9n]s4 ,he did n1 l _m mod]n p]sons1 comp\nd = s9s !y are incl9$ to1 by damn+ ^? !y h no m9d to4 ,x is di/9ctly decl>$ t x 0 n necess>y = ord9>y foll[]s ( ,buddha to become :at is call$ religi\s1 or to ent] into religion1 z fri>s1 monks1 c4 ,to ^? :o pref]r$ an ord9>y mode ( life1 in/ructions 7 giv51 t !y %\ld cultivate *>ity1 purity1 pati5ce1 c\rage1 contemplation1 & k4 ,inde$1 we may ass]t t ! precepts ( ,jesus1 z record$ 9 ,mat!w v41 vi1 & viii1 & 9 ,luke iii4 #g to #ad1 are n ess5tially diff]5t f ^? prop\nd$ by ,sakya ,muni ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r ord]$ or ev5 recomm5d$ all m5 to be celibate1 all m5 to become poor1 all soldi]s to leave _! pr(ession--b bo? urg$ ^u e "o :o wi%$ = salvation1 to be k9d1 pure1 pati5t1 c\rage\s1 ?\ghtful & eag] aft] all k4 ,x w\ld be well if ^? call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians w\ld endeav\r m fully to und]/& t cultivat+ sci5ce is ! same z advanc+ 9 ! k ( ,god4 ,"s ( ! rem>kable p>ables f\nd 9 ,buddhi/ books are v probably ! orig9al ones ( ,sakya2 !y are c]ta9ly +5i\sly fram$ to illu/rate 8 doctr9e4 ,nor is !re want+1 inde$1 "o 9 :i* !re is an episode resembl+ ! /ory ( ! ?ief ^u ! cross4 ,x is ( a lovely c\rtesan :o falls deeply 9 love ) a jewell]1 "y1 & a devot$ foll[] ( ,buddha1 & solicits 8 company4 ,to e message %e s5ds him1 he returns ! answ] x is n "t = y to see me4 ,at l5g? %e commits a crime1 & is s5t5c$ to h e>s1 nose1 h&s1 & feet cut (f1 & to be c>ri$ to ! gravey>d to die1 leav+ ! cut (f memb]s at h] ankles4 ,at ?is p]iod ! "y man visits h]1 to see ! true nature ( ^? joys :i* dr[n m5 9 p]dition2 !n he consoles ! poor creature by tea*+ h] ! law2 8 disc\rse br+s calm into h] brea/1 & %e dies 9 pr(ess+ ,buddhism ) a c]ta9ty t %e w rise aga9 among/ ! good4 ,we may m5tion1 9 pass+1 t !re 7 female ,buddhi/s z well z males1 bo? be+ on ! same foot+4 ,! law1 z ann\nc$ by ,sakya1 equally conc]n$ & affect$ ! two sexes4 ,ano!r & v int]e/+ p>able tells ( a k+ :o came be=e a ,buddhi/ prie/ & 8 assembl$ he>]s1 to ! numb] ( #cej1 to confess 8 crimes1 among/ o!rs murd]1 & 8 resolution to avoid all faults 9 future1 & ,bhagavat 7! tea*]'s "n7 at once remits1 9 con=mity ) ! law1 ! faults ( ! k+1 :i* h ?us be5 expiat$ be=e a num]\s assembly ( ! fai?ful1 a rem>kable in/ance ( remorse1 rep5tance1 confession1 & remission ( s9--"s c5turies be=e ,jesus 0 born4 ,at l5g? a p[]ful k+1 ,asoka1 0 conv]t$ to ! new fai?1 or came to ! ?rone already a ,buddhi/1 9 ! ye> b4c4 #bfc1 & reign$ ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he devot$ himself to spread+ ! religion ( 8 *oice4 ,he s5t out a cl\d ( e>ne/ mission>ies :o spread !mselves ov] ,h9do/an1 ,ceylon1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,?ibet4 ,inde$1 !y seem to h gone :]ev] !re 0 means ( locomotion1 or a k ( ! exi/5ce ( a p4 ,z ! ,greeks 7 !n c]ta9ly trad+ ) ,india1 bo? by l& & sea1 x w\ld be surpris+ if ! ,buddhi/ mission>ies _h n accompani$ ! m]*ant %ips1 or ! ov]l& convoys to ,alex&ria4 ,b ?is subject1 x is conv5i5t = ! pres5t to po/pone4 ,!re are two po9ts connect$ ) ! tea*+ ( ,sakya ,muni to :i* _m ,*ri/ian writ]s h especially address$ _! rem>ks1 app>5tly ) ! view ( r5d]+ ,buddha m or less contemptible1 or at lea/ ( degrad+ him f> bel[ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,sidd>?a did n believe 9 a god1 & t 8 ,nirvana 0 no?+ m ?an absolute annihilation4 ,to ^! ,i am dispos$ to add1 t ! ,buddhi/s 7 n taught to pray1 nor did _! f\nd] practise ! cu/om4 ,to my own m9d1 ! ass]tion t ,sakya did n believe 9 ,god is :olly unsupport$4 ,nay1 8 :ole s*eme is built ^u ! belief t !re are p[]s above :i* are capable ( puni%+ mank9d = _! s9s4 ,x is true t ^! gods 7 n call$ ,elohim1 nor ,jah1 nor ,jahveh1 nor ,jehovah1 nor ,adonai1 nor ,eliieh 7,i am71 nor ,baalim1 nor ,a%tore?--yet1 = ! son ( ,suddhodana 7ano!r "n = ,sakya ,muni1 = he has almo/ z _m1 if n m ?an ! we/]n god71 !re 0 a supreme be+ call$ ,brahma1 or "s o!r "n repres5t+ ! same idea z we ent]ta9 ( ! ,omnipot5t4 ,/ill fur!r1 9 ! life ( ,buddha1 quot$ by ,/4 ,hilaire 7p4 #i7 we f9d ! foll[+ z "p ( ! ?\ghts ( ! "y ,sidd>?a--,! ?ree worlds1 ! _w ( ! gods1 ! _w ( ! ass\rs 7! b5ight$ ones1 or1 z we %\ld call !m1 '! devils 71 & t ( m51 are all plagu$ by ! occurr5ce ( old age & disease4 ,we d n1 = we d>e n ass]t t ?is op9ion is id5tical ) ours2 b we are equally indispos$ to say t ! op9ions curr5t among/ ourselves are absolutely true4 ,m5 liv+ 9 future days1 & ^: m9ds are educat$1 w probably decl>e1 t ! ,*ri/ians ( ,europe & else:]e1 = ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s1 _h no god b ! devil ,!y said he 0 good1 b !y pa9t$ him z "o :o rejoic$ 9 pa91 lam5tation1 m\rn+1 & woe4 ,buddha prea*$ t man suff]$ f ! effects ( 8 s9s1 & t unless he atta9$ salvation1 he w\ld be puni%$ ev]la/+ly4 ,! son ( ,m>y1 & all 8 foll[]s1 taught1 & ,*ri/ians /ill ent]ta9 ! belief1 t man suff]s f ! s9 ( a prog5itor 7assum$ to be ! p>5t ( all mank9d71 & t ea* p]son w be tortur$ ?r\gh\t et]nity unless he is able to mollify 8 mak]1 :o is also 8 judge4 ,bo? tea*]s _h necess>ily an idea ( a p[] able to make laws = ! conduct ( human life1 to orda9 rew>ds = good behavi\r1 & to apportion puni%m5t = (f5ces1 & yet :o 0 suffici5tly =giv+ to cease f requital1 = a consid]ation1 ! bribe be+ inv>iably a bloody "o4 ,jesus call$ ?is p[] my ,fa!r1 ,sidd>?a call$ him ,brahma1 ! ,supreme "o4 ,jesus & 8 foll[]s h ass]t$ t ! p[] ( ! son ) ! ,fa!r is s great1 t ! latt] w con=m to ! =m]1 nay1 he ev5 ass]ts 8 id5tity ) ! ,supreme 9 ! words ,i & my fa!r are "o1 7,john x4 #cj74 ,see also ,acts iv4 #ab1 & #a ,!ss4 v4 #i1 9 :i* x is di/9ctly affirm$ t ,jesus is ! sole means by :i* man c atta9 salvation1 or1 9 o!r words1 turn away ! wra? ( ,god & *ange x into love4 ,b ,jesus c\ld only rise to ! position ( equal or prime fav\rite by a v sangu9>y process1 z we f9d f ,heb4 ix4 #bb1 t !re c\ld be no remission ( s9 )\t %$d+ ( blood4 ,f ! foll[+ v]ses1 & f ,heb4 x4 #ai1 we le>n t x is by ! sacrifice ( himself t ,jesus ent]$ into 8 heav5ly p[]s4 ,c any "o :o depicts ! gods ( savages1 ( ,grecians & o!rs to :om human be+s 7 immolat$ 9 hundr$s1 call su* deities devils1 & !n ass]t t ! ,jehovah1 :om he extols z above all gods1 is n pa9t$ by m5 9 ! same col\rs4 ,sidd>?a's god 0 n a sangu9>y "o1 nor did ,buddha always talk ( %$d+ blood1 or pr(ess to give 8 disciples 8 own fle% to eat1 & 8 blood to !m1 t !y might all dr9k ( x4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is ,supreme ,"o1 ,brahma1 0 pa9t$ at 8 "t 0 accept$ by ,sakya z he f\nd x4 ,he no m que/ion$ ! accept$ tru?s ( ,h9dooism1 ?an ,jesus d\bt$ ab\t ! absolute tru? ( ! ,hebrew scriptures4 ,b1 9 8 own m9d1 aft] he _h contemplat$ deeply on ! subject1 he believ$ t ! discov]y :i* he _h made ( ! way to ,nirvana1 univ]sal k1 or :atev] else ,nirvana 01 _h rais$ him above ,sakra ,brahma1 ,mahesv>a1 & all ! gods ( ! pan!on4 ,in/ead ( break+ into expressions respect+ ! insanity or ! blasphemy ( su* an idea1 let u s*ool ourselves into calmness1 & turn to our own ,new ,te/am5t & read ov] ,philippians1 *ap1 ii4 vv4 #e-aa1 ,let ?is m9d be 9 y :i* 0 also 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o be+ 9 ! =m ( ,god1 ?\ght x n robb]y to be equal ) ,god1 b made himself ( no reputation1 & took ^u him ! =m ( a s]vant1 & 0 made 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 & be+ f\nd 9 fa%ion z a man1 he humbl$ himself1 & became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross3 :]e=e ,god ha? highly exalt$ him1 & giv5 him a "n :i* is above e "n1 t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 ( ?+s 9 heav51 & ?+s 9 e>? & ?+s "u ! e>?1 & t e tongue %\ld confess t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,"l to ! glory ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,/ill fur!r1 ,i h repeat$ly he>d ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian div9es ass]t t ,jesus 0 really ,"l ( ! _w above1 & ,i _c see any great] insanity or blasphemy 9 ! son ( ,suddodana believ+ t he 0 at lea/ equal ) ,god1 ?an 9 ! son ( ,m>y ass]t+ ,i & my ,fa!r are "o 7,john x4 #cj71 & :5 reproa*$ = mak+ himself ?us equal ) ,god1 he is report$ to h remon/rat$ ) 8 auditors :o accus$ him ( blasphemy because he ass]t$ himself to be ! son ( ,god4 ,! cre$s ( ! ,anglican & ,roman *ur*es repeat$ly decl>e ! id5tity ( ,jesus ) ,jehovah1 e4g41 equal to ! ,fa!r z t\*+ 8 godhead4 ,! natural rejo9d] to ?is repres5tation is ! ass]tion by ! ,*ri/ian t he kn[s t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? really 0 :at he repres5t$ himself1 & he is sure t ,sakya ,muni 0 n2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,buddhi/ may say j ! rev]se ) equal p]t9acity4 ,?is argum5t1 if su* a "n x really des]ves1 is s common among/ all c>eless religioni/s1 t x des]ves a few words 9 reply4 ,x is bas$ ^u ! v natural notion1 :at ,i believe1 mu/ be true1 & to an objector1 ! only answ] is ! "q1 y don't fancy t ,i c be wrong1 d y8 ,:5 two su* p]sons z a ,*ri/ian & a ,mahometan met 9 days gone by1 ^! 7 ! only argum5ts us$ by ea*1 & !y 7 fir/ ( all en=c$ by su* revil+s z come naturally to ! fai?ful--h\nd ( a ,moslem--dog ( a ,*ri/ian1 y are a s]p5t--y are a vip]1 & ! l2 f words !y came to bl[s1 & ! /ronge/ arm 0 suppos$ to demon/rate ! correctness ( ! victor's fai?4 ,if1 in/ead ( tak+ physical /r5g? z a te/ ( tru?1 we assume t a num]ical prepond]ance on "o side or ano!r proves ! correctness ( ! belief held by ! greate/ numb]1 we come to ! absurd conclusion t :at is "r to-day may be wrong to-morr[4 ,babylonians 7 once f> m num]\s ?an ,jews1 & ,jews ?an ,*ri/ians1 to-day ! la/ exce$ va/ly bo? ! o!rs4 ,n[1 !re are m ,buddhi/s 9 exi/5ce ?an true foll[]s ( ,jesus1 9 ! next c5tury ! proportion may be rev]s$4 ,tru? does n s fluctuate1 & a philosoph] :o uses 8 reason w take up a diff]5t /& entirely1 & affirm t a man _c become ,god by m$itation1 fancy or ass]tion1 nor yet by ! cons5t or vote ( millions ( 8 fell[-m51 & t ! assumption t any individual mu/ be1 & is ! begott5 son ( ,god1 is on a p> ) ! folly ( ! pot5tates :o call !mselves bro!rs ( ! sun & moon4 ,su* absurdity & blasphemy are v common1 nev]!less1 & m5 believe t ,jesus is ,god1 because !y h elect$ him to t elevat$ position by a g5]al vote--or ,european plebiscite4 ,we n[ address ourselves to ano!r important /atem5t made by "s writ]s ^u ! religion ( ,sakya ,muni1 to ! effect t he taught annihilation to be ! end mo/ desirable = good m5 :o h le>n$ & practis$ ! law4 ,?is view is held by ,/4 ,hilaire1 :o1 9 almo/ e o!r respect1 has %[n himself an hi/orian r fav\rable to ,sidd>?a ?an o!rwise1 & :o speaks ) "s regret ( ! conclusion :i* he feels oblig$ to draw4 ,b he is oppos$ ^u ?is po9t by a v great ,engli% or ,g]man au?ority1 viz41 ,max ,muell]1 :o1 9 a lecture deliv]$ be=e ! g5]al ,meet+ ( ! ,association ( ,g]man ,philologi/s at ,kiel1 & :i* is to be f\nd translat$ 9 ,trubn]'s ,am]ican & ,ori5tal ,lit]>y ,record1 ,oct4 #af1 #ahfi1 di/9ctly decl>es 8 belief t ! nihilism attribut$ to ,buddha's tea*+ =ms no "p ( 8 doctr9e1 & t x is :olly wrong to suppose t ,nirvana signifi$ annihilation4 ,:5 two su* e>ne/ inquir]s diff]1 x is in/ructive to notice ! reason :y4 ,?is is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! etymological signification ( ! ^w does signify no?+ness1 or ext9ction1 b n1 z ,muell] cont5ds1 annihilation ( ! individual1 b a complete cessation ( all pa9 & mis]y4 ,! la/ quot$ au?or %[s t ,sidd>?a us$ ,nirvana z synonym\s ) ,mok%a1 ,nirvritti1 & o!r words1 all designat+ ! highe/ /ate ( spiritual lib]ty & bliss1 b n annihilation4 ,x seems to be p]fectly cle> t :at 0 meant by ,sakya is1 t to ! good :o h embrac$ ! means ( salvation prea*$ by him1 ! future _w w\ld be a hav5 ( re/1 9 :i* all sorr[1 suff]+1 & s9 %\ld be annihilat$4 ,b ! tea*] does n g beyond ?is1 & descant ^u ! opposite conditions1 & promise joys ineffable & full ( glory4 ,8 foll[]s believe t !y w atta9 to immortality1 & t !y w be free f all su* horrors z life br+s ) x4 ,b ! pleasures :i* !y expect are negative4 ,be=e we ei!r pity or despise ,sidd>?a = n giv+ 8 foll[]s any idea ( :at we call ,heav51 x w\ld be well to endeav\r to discov] ! true tea*+ ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ^u ?is po9t1 & ! ideas ( 8 foll[]s4 ,we mu/ also say a few words ab\t 8 ideas ( ,hell4 ,he cle>ly believ$ t !re 0 a place 9 :i* ^? ^: lives _h be5 wick$ w\ld be puni%$ aft] dea? by ! devil & 8 angels--! place 0 "o ( out] d>kness1 :]e %all be weep+ & wail+1 & gna%+ ( tee? 7,matt4 viii4 #ab74 ,9 ,matt4 xiii4 #db ?is place ( out] d>kness is describ$ z a furnace ( fire1 & 9 ,m>k ix4 #dc-dd ?is fire is describ$ z "o t nev] %all be qu5*$1 & 9 :i* !re lives a worm4 ,9 ,luke xvi4 #bc-bd !re is an expression ( ! belief t ! body lives aft] dea? 9 its usual =m1 & has eyes1 a tongue1 ! p[] ( spee*1 c42 yet 9 ,matt4 x4 #bh ! doctr9e is inculcat$ t bo? body & s\l are de/roy$ 9 ,hell4 ,9 ,jude #g & #ac ,hell is aga9 describ$ z a place ( unqu5*able fire1 & yet "o occupi$ by ! blackness ( d>kness2 :il/ 9 ,revelation xix4 #bj & xx4 #aj we are told t ! fire is a lake ( burn+ brim/one4 ,( ! absolute locality ( ?is horrible spot n a ^w is said4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,heav5 is describ$ 7,matt xiii4 #dc7 z a place :]e ! righte\s %all %9e =? z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,9 ,luke xvi4 #bb ! pleasure ( ,heav5 is made to consi/ ( a simple repose 9 ! bosom ( ,abraham2 b ?\gh we are !re l$ to believe t ! bless$ c see ! torm5ts ( ! damn$1 x does n appe> t ei!r ! fa!r ( ! fai?ful1 or ! poor begg> ,laz>us1 take any pleasure 9 contemplat+ !m1 z "s few div9es ( ! *ur* ( ,engl& believe t !y w d1 :5 !y h arriv$ at ! abode ( bliss1 & see _! enemies 9 ! burn+ lake4 ,paul1 :5 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 7#a ,ep4 xv47 gives 8 idea ( ! resurrection ( ! j z "o 9 :i* ea* man w be a spiritual edition ( 8 =m] t]re/rial self1 b beyond ! /atem5t 9 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ag1 t ! r$eem$ w1 :5 9 heav51 dwell = ev] ) ! ,"l1 he expresses no op9ion ( ! occupation ( ! glorifi$ ones4 ,9 ,john's gospel 7xiv4 #b7 ,jesus is report$ z say+1--,9 my ,fa!r's h\se are _m mansions or h\ses--,i g to prep>e a place = y1 b !re is no?+ l any acc\nt ( :at is to be done 9 ^? abodes4 ,aga91 we f9d1 ,ps4 xvi4 #aa1 9 a v]se :i* has be5 l>gely adapt$ to ,*ri/ianity1 an idea ( ,heav5 giv5 ?us--9 ?y pres5ce is fulness ( joy1 at ?y "r h& !re are pleasures = ev]more4 ,:at ,david's pleasures 7 we may judge f 8 life1 & we may fairly imag9e t ! writ] ( ! passage _h an idea some?+ l t ( ,mahomet--t !re 7 h\ris 9 ,heav5 = ! delectation ( ! fai?ful4 ,b 9 ,isaiah lxiv4 #d1 & ,i ,cor4 ii4 #i ev]y?+ ab\t ,heav5 is decl>$ to be vague--a some?+ :i* ! eye has n se51 ! e> he>d1 or ! he>t conceiv$4 ,9 ! book call$ ,! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e1 we h a f> m detail$ acc\nt ( :at 0 believ$ by "s ab\t heav51 ?an 9 any o!r1 & !re is no d\bt t to x a l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ians appeal1 = x is1 inde$1 almo/ ! only f\ndation on :i* !y c build4 ,yet ! ,apocalypse 0 = a long "t an uncanonical book1 & its tru? & value 71 & /ill are1 d\bt$ by _m ( ! fai?ful4 ,9 ! "p ref]r$ to1 heav5 is describ$ z a place incalculably ri* 9 gold & preci\s /ones1 9 music & pleasant od\rs1 & its joys are p\r-tray$ z consi/+ 9 con/ant contact ) ! evid5ces ( weal?1 & 9 et]nally s++ a c]ta9 refra91 an h\r ( :i* w\ld be a great trial to human e>s4 ,to ?is is add$ ! abs5ce ( pa91 sorr[1 & suff]+4 ,! ,new ,j]usalem1 describ$ 9 *apt] xxi4 is no?+ m ?an a palace simil> to t ( ,aladd91 :i* is describ$ 9 ,! ,arabian ,nights8 fabul\sly adorn$ ) gems1 light$ by o!r means ?an a burn+ sun or a cold moon1 cool$ or refre%$ ) a riv] ( cle> wat]1 & furni%$ ) trees be>+ diff]5t k9ds ( fruit1 b all delici\s--?us involv+ ! c]ta9ty t ! s++ ref]r$ to1 mu/ h be5 susp5d$ :il/ ! palate 0 regal$--& hav+ leaves said to be = ! heal+ ( ! nations4 ,! words ?us italicis$ seem to %[ ! indef9it5ess ( ! idea1 we d>e n say ( ! k ( ,john1 = ! exi/5ce ( ?is new ,j]usalem involves ! abs5ce ( any disease :i* requir$ heal+2 & e p]son :o 0 n already assign$ to ! brim/one lake1 0 a resid5t on ! m>g9 ( ! cry/al riv]4 ,su* discrepancies are common 9 vision>y writ+s1 & ought to make u di/ru/ !m2 b in/ead ( t1 wild !ories are f\nd$ ^u ^! absurdities1 & ! build]s !nce attempt to prove _! own sup]ior k4 ,well1 9 ?is new ,j]usalem1 e man is to be a rul]1 = we are told1 t 9 x ! s]vants ( ! ,lamb 7*ap4 xxii4 #c sq47 %all s]ve him1 & see 8 face1 t 8 "n %all be writt5 ^u _! =eheads1 & !y %all reign = ev] & ev]4 ,! ^w italicis$1 v naturally recalls to u an e>li] passage 9 ! same book 7*ap1 i4 #f7 :]e9 ! writ] expresses ! belief t ,jesus ,*ri/ has made 8 foll[]s k+s & prie/s4 ,x is !n cle> t ,john _h ! notion t 9 heav5 e d5iz5 w\ld be a k+4 ,b k+ ov] :om8 or ov] :at8 if e "o 9 new ,j]usalem is a rul]1 :at is he a rul] (8 ,x is1 to ! critic1 mod]ately c]ta91 t all :i* ! words are int5d$ to convey is1 t e inhabitant ( ! ,new ,j]usalem or ,heav5 w be z ri* & happy z a mundane sov]eign4 ,?is1 aga91 involves ! belief t ! au?or ( ! ,apocalypse _h an ess5tially s5sual idea ( ,heav51 & t he p\rtray$ x z a man w\ld d1 :o1 p9+ 9 mis]y1 suff]+ f disease1 p9*$ ) want1 oblig$ to s]ve z ! slave ( weal?1 & to contribute mu*1 out ( 8 little1 to ! k+'s taxes1 saw daily1 & envi$ deeply1 ! high position & great weal? ( a tyrant1 ) :om1 8 fai? induc$ him to believe1 t he w\ld *ange places h]eaft]4 ,t ! descriptions ( ,heav5 9 ,revelation c be consid]$ z reliable1 by any ?\ghtful ,*ri/ian1 ,i m>vel1 = !y are b\nd up ) an assurance :i* ! lapse ( "t has fully demon/rat$ to be false4 ,9 *ap1 xxii41 v4 #ab & #bj1 ! "o :o is describ$ z ! ,"l ( ! ,new ,j]usalem1 ! ,*ri/ian ,heav51 ass]ts t he is com+ quickly1 & t 8 rew>d is ) him4 ,yet 9 no s5se ( ! words is ?is true1 nor has x ev] be5 s4 ,te/$1 !n1 by e available means1 we ass]t t ! ,heav5 describ$ by ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 imm$iate foll[]s is q z vague1 indi/9ct1 & unreliable z ! ,buddhi/ ,nirvana2 or1 if ! affirmative be pref]r$1 we say t ! ,*ri/ian ,heav5 is q z unc]ta9 or indef9ite a prize = ,jesus' disciples z ! ,nirvana ( ,sakya4 ,bo? tea*]s seem to h be5 equally confid5t ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,hell1 & equally cauti\s 9 express+ _! ideas ab\t a ,heav54 ,& we1 :o h _h ! advantage ( _m c5turies ( civilization & ?\ght1 d>e no m frame or promulgate a s*eme ( ,elysium ?an ! ,romans did--we really "k no?+ :atev] ab\t a future /ate4 ,!re is ?is1 h[ev]1 to be said 9 fav\r ( ,sidd>?a--he did n1 l ,mahomet & ,john1 prea* a ,p>adise1 9 :i* all ! pleasures are worldly1 s5su\s1 or s5sual--,john promis+ music & fruit1 ,mahomet fea/+ & wom54 ,all ! ,indian's tea*+ po9t$ to a future _w1 9 :i* human passions1 frailties1 & prop5sities w\ld f9d no place1 = ! purifi$ be+ w\ld ca/ (f1 ) 8 e>?ly body1 e c>nal appetite4 ,9 fact1 !re is reason to believe t ,buddha's idea 01 t aft] dea? ea* ess5ce w\ld become re9corporat$ ) ! ,great ,_s1 ( :om 8 s\l _h orig9ally =m$ a "p4 ,x is d\btful :e!r any ( u c\ld tell him a m p]fect way to ! tru? ab\t ! matt]4 ,yet1 al?\gh nei!r ,sakya nor ,jesus gave any di/9ct acc\nt ( ,heav51 x is c]ta9 t "s ( _! foll[]s h done s1 & x is rem>kable to see h[ !y h develop$ _! ideas 9 ! same way4 ,comp>e1 = example1 ! acc\nt giv5 by ,john1 ,apocalypse *aps1 xxi41 xxii41 ) ! foll[+ acc\nt1 :i* ,i copy f ! ,kusa ,iatakya1 a ,buddhi/ic leg5d ( ,ceylon1 by ,t4 ,/eele1 p4 #aie4 ,sw>ga1 or ! heav5 occupi$ by ,indra1 is describ$ z ! mo/ spl5did ! human m9d c conceive 7,p]cival's ,l& ( ! ,v$as1 p4 #afj74 ,its palaces are compos$ ( pure gold1 respl5d5t diamonds1 jasp]1 sapphire1 em]ald1 & o!r preci\s /ones1 ^: brilliance exce$s t ( a ?\s& suns6 ,its /reets are ( cry/al1 fr+$ ) gold4 ,! mo/ beautiful & fragrant fl[]s adorn its =e/s1 ^: trees diffuse ! sweete/ od\rs4 ,refre%+ breezes1 canopies ( fleecy cl\ds1 ?rones ( ! mo/ dazzl+ brightness1 birds ( ! sweete/ melodies1 & songs ( ! mo/ delightful h>mony1 are he>d 9 ! en*ant+ pleasaunces1 :i* are ev] fragrant1 ev] rob$ 9 summ] gre54 ,! au?or :om ,i am quot+ foll[s ^! rem>ks ) l9es f ,b]n>d de ,morley's hymn1 ,j]usalem ! ,gold51 cle>ly %[+ h[ greatly he has be5 /ruck ) ! p>allelism betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian idea4 ,s f> z ,i c f9d1 !re appe>s to be a c]ta9ty t ,sakya ,muni did n tea* to 8 foll[]s ! necessity = pray]4 ,t ,jesus did s tea* 8 disciples is ! common belief ( ,*ri/ians4 ,yet1 9 ! p>allel :i* we are ?us draw+1 we are p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 ! ass]tion t ! son ( ,m>y did n tea* x f 8 own spontane\s judgm5t1 z ,john ! ,evangeli/ _h done be=e him4 ,jesus c]ta9ly did n orig9ate pray]2 inde$1 x appe>s t ! subject 0 =c$ ^u him1 & t unless he _h be5 urg$ to x1 he w\ld nei!r h taught to o!rs ! necessity = pray]1 nor h dictat$ ! supplication :i* /ill passes by 8 "n4 ,! foll[+ passage 9 ,luke xi4 #a seems to be decisive ^u ?is po9t3--,& x came to pass1 z he 0 pray+ 9 a c]ta9 place1 "o ( 8 disciples said unto him1 ,"l1 tea* u to pray1 z ,john also taught 8 disciples4 ,we see1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,jesus did n hold1 z a fundam5tal doctr9e1 t pray] 0 "p ( ! duty ( man1 b t he took x up z a necess>y "p ( 8 ,jewi% education1 & adopt$ x among/ ! subjects ( 8 disc\rses1 foll[+ ! example ( ,john4 ,:5 we try to p5etrate into ! m9d ( ,jesus1 z %[n 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & asc]ta9 :at he reg>d$ z ! fitte/ objects = orison1 we f9d t !y are almo/ exclusively worldly4 ,!re is1 9 ! fir/ place1 an ascription ( praise1 or ( rev]5ce1 !n an expression ( a desire t ! _w %\ld become good2 t ea* man %\ld h a daily meal2 t all (f5ces %\ld be condon$1 & none o!rs committ$2 & t no h>m %\ld happ5 to any :o us$ ! entreaty4 ,comp>$ ) ! composition attribut$ to ,solomon1 & said to h be5 utt]$ by him at ! d$ication ( ! temple1 t :i* is said to h be5 giv5 by ,jesus is meagre 9 ! extreme4 ,x does n conta9 a s+le supplication = spiritual bless+1 or = salvation4 ,9 ! m9d ( a philosoph] !re is a d\bt :e!r ! g5]al hea!n notion ab\t pray]1 or ! app>5t ,buddhi/ pray]lessness1 is to be ! mo/ comm5d$4 ,yet1 ere we discuss ! po9t1 ,i mu/ rem>k t al?\gh ,buddha does n appe> to h taught ! duty ( pray] to 8 disciples1 !y practise x nev]!less1 & h long litanies1 *ant+s1 & me*anical contrivances q z efficaci\s1 & n m absurd1 ?an ! s5seless repetitions :i* pass curr5t among/ u = supplications to ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,n[1 if we require f ourselves a di/9ct answ] to ! "q1 :at is pray]8 we c frame no o!r ?an ?is--x is ! expression ( a desire on our "p t ! ,creator w modify ! laws ( nature 9 our fav\r1 9 fav\r ( o!rs1 or 9 ,8 own fav\r6 ,! idea t ,he w d ?is is pla9ly build$ ^u ! supposition t ! ,creator is l a man1 & c be induc$ to *ange ,8 m9d--t a creature ?9ks ,he is h>% or wrong1 & mu/ be set "r4 ,:5 put ?us cle>ly1 ! mo/ obtuse c see t pray] mu/ necess>ily be inefficaci\s1 & mu/ always proce$ f a selfi%ness s int5se z to cloak ! blasphemy f view4 ,if1 in/ead ( ! above def9ition1 we designate pray] z ! utt]+ ( a f]v5t hope or desire = ! b5efit ( an individual1 we c und]/& t x is q z useful z any o!r ejaculation4 ,no?+ is m common ?an = an angry man to curse ) all ! en]gy ( exasp]ation2 no?+ m common ?an = a puni%$ h\nd to yelp1 & = a *ild1 :5 pa9$1 to cry or ro>4 ,/ill fur!r ,i w say1 f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 t ! utt]ance ( cries or groans enables an individual to be> pa9 ) less effect ^u 8 n]v\s sy/em ?an w\ld be felt if !y 7 suppress$4 ,vocif]ations are z natural1 &1 to "s1 z necess>y z indulg+ ! appetite = hung]4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! m9d ( man1 especially ( "o only p>tially educat$1 is dom9at$ by int5se fe>1 or by any =m ( anxiety or pres5t suff]+1 !re is an in/9ctive prop5sity to seek aid f any s\rce1 c]ta9 or unc]ta91 & ! enunciation ( hopes ) an audible voice is z mu* necess>y to "s z ro>+ is to a lion1 or bleat+ to a %eep4 ,9 ?is s5se pray] is a com=t--x helps to soo! feel+s :i*1 if p5t up1 w\ld become1 probably1 too great = endurance2 &1 kn[+ ?is1 ,i w\ld no m d]ide pray] ?an ,i w\ld laugh at a baby :o cri$ = 8 abs5t "m4 ,i d n d\bt1 9 ! smalle/ possible degree1 t pray] is a com=t "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,= example1 my *ild may be s]i\sly ill1 & ,i may d ev]y?+ :i* my m$ical k enables me to d2 b day by day drags we>ily along1 ! fev] seems to int5sify1 & x is cle> t !re is a /ruggle betwe5 ! liv+ =ce1 & ! ag5t :i* int]f]es ) x4 ,z h\r aft] h\r passes1 & anxiety deep5s into fe>1 ,i am l a h>dy fell[ "u ! la%3 at fir/ ! /ripes are borne ) firmness1 b z ano!r & ano!r falls1 n only does-! pa9 seem ke5]1 b ! m5tal p[] :i* gives c\rage to be> ! cutt+ agony dim9i%es1 & ! p5t-up feel+s are v5t$ 9 a ro> ( angui%1 or a groan ( despair4 ,j s 9 ! dep? ( my mis]y ,i may utt] a pray]--a wi% t 9 "o way or ano!r my torn & lac]at$ feel+s z a fa!r might be heal$1 & ,i may expect to receive solace !reby1 no matt] :e!r ,i address ,jehovah1 ,brahma1 ,i%t>1 or ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,to he> ! s\nd ( "o's own voice1 ev5 ! task ( hav+ to compose an intelligible s5t5ce1 relieves1 = a "t1 ! poignancy ( grief1 & ?us helps "o to be> x m pati5tly4 ,t supplication ?us br+s relief ,i d n = a mom5t d\bt1 b t x has any influ5ce 9 ! result ,i d5y4 ,ent]ta9+ ?is view1 ,i _c reg>d pray] z a duty4 ,x seems to me to be a delib]ate insult to ! ,almighty to be con/antly urg+ ,him to alt] ! c\rse ( nature--or z we may o!rwise put x to *ange ,8 m9d4 ,to tru/ t pray] w obviate ! necessity = action seems to me ! height ( folly4 ,if a man utt]$ ! words ,give me ?is day my daily bread a hundr$ times ov]1 & yet nev] s\ght to obta9 x1 we %\ld reg>d him z a lunatic4 ,equally silly %\ld we be if1 :5 pray+ ,def5d u 9 all assaults ( our enemies1 we did n prep>e = battle--or if1 aft] ejaculat+ def5d u f all p]ils & dang]s ( ?is night1 we 7 to g to b$ )\t see+ t our premises 7 z secure z =e?\ght c\ld make !m4 ,h[ev] mu* ! !ologian may believe 9 pray]1 he _c d5y t x is less efficaci\s ?an action4 ,n[ ,buddha prea*$ action :il/ ,*ri/ prea*$ inaction1 e4g41 take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 c4 7,matt4 vi4 #be-cd71 consequ5tly we are m dispos$ to give ! palm = correct judgm5t to ! ,indian ?an to ! ,jew4 ,we mu/1 9 ! next place1 notice t _m foll[]s ( ! son ( ,suddodana & ! son ( ,m>y h bo? act$1 & d /ill act1 ^u ! belief1 n only t pray] is a duty1 b t e supplication has positive p[] 9 ! _w above--consequ5tly ! m ext5d$ ! utt]ances ! great] _! influ5ce4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 pray]s are spok5 ( z if !y 7 equival5t to sacrifice1 alms-giv+1 or any o!r suppos$ virtue4 ,= ?is !re seems to be "s f\ndation 9 ,acts x4 #d1 :]e ,cornelius is told t 8 pray]s & 8 alms h come up be=e ,god2 9 ,james v4 vv4 #ae1 #af1 we are told t ! pray] ( fai? %all save ! sick2 & t ! effectual1 f]v5t pray] ( a righte\s man availe? mu*4 ,9 ,revelation v4 #h1 we are told t ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts are kept 9 gold5 vials 9 heav51 & us$ z od\rs4 ,9 *apt] viii4 #c1 we f9d !y are (f]$ ) inc5se ^u ! cele/ial alt>1 & t ! two conjo9tly come be=e ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,?is be+ s1 !re is a desire to accumulate pray]s on ! cr$itor side ( ! heav5ly books1 j z 9 ! days :5 sacrifices 7 tru/$ 91 !re 0 an attempt to increase _! influ5ce by augm5t+ ! numb] ( ! creatures slaught]$4 ,?is prop5sity to multiply orisons 0 di/9ctly rebuk$ by ,jesus1 :o ord]$ 8 foll[]s n to make va9 repetitions1 = t ! cu/om 0 hea!ni% & to be avoid$2 a prohibition :i* _h be5 made by ,sidd>?a to 8 foll[]s "s c5turies be=e4 ,to me1 ,i confess1 t a life ( p]petual pray] )\t action indicates a belief t ,god c be pe/]$ into do+ some?+ t ,he did n int5d2 & t x is inf9itely worse ?an a life ( action su* z ,sakya ,muni inculcat$4 ,i c see no s5se 9 pray+ = some?+ t ,i d n want1 or t ,i _c h )\t p]sonal ex]tion4 ,x seems to me %e] nons5se = anyone to pray t he may n gr[ old]1 & equally fooli% to supplicate t he may live to be a k+4 ,9 l mann] x w\ld be silly 9 me to petition = p[] to read ,assyrian writ+1 & yet nev] /udy its *>act]s4 ,if1 !n1 by dilig5t & /eady plodd+ a man c atta9 8 desire1 x appe>s :olly useless 9 him to pray = x4 ,we may say ! same ( "o :o wi%es to curb 8 passions--he c d s to a great ext5t by assidu\s self-control2 b he _c d s any m completely by a lifetime pass$ 9 pray]4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 !re=e1 we mu/ aga9 side ) ,sidd>?a r ?an ) ,jesus4 ,x n[ rema9s to u to make "s obs]vations ^u ! developm5ts ( ,buddhism aft] ! dea? ( ,sakya ,muni1 b we ne$ n l+] ov] !m long4 ,8 doctr9e ( self-d5ial1 ( pati5t suff]+1 ( celibacy1 ( fa/+1 ( prea*+ & ( m$itation1 gradually produc$ a sy/em 9 :i* asceticism1 solitude1 & p5ance 7 ! preval5t duties4 ,m5 & wom5 desir\s ( be+ sa9tly & ( atta9+ to et]nal happ9ess1 select$ "s d51 cave1 or tree 9 :i* !y c\ld live a life devot$ to contemplation1 or else !y b&$ !mselves into companies :]e !y c\ld practise ! ,buddhi/ic virtues 9 ea* o!r's pres5ce1 & "o c\ld enc\rage or correct ano!r4 ,buddhi/ monk]ies & nunn]ies are almo/ z common1 & c]ta9ly m anci5t ?an ,roman ,ca?olic mona/]ies1 & !y _h v ne>ly ! same num]\s accessories 9 wor%ip1 :i* we are famili> ) 9 papal c\ntries4 ,x is almo/ impossible to read ! acc\nts giv5 by ! ,abbe ,hue1 & o!r ,ea/]n travell]s1 ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 ,?ibet1 & ,japan1 )\t see+ ! close resemblance ( ! ,roman ,*ur* to t f\nd$ by ,sidd>?a4 ,inde$1 ! ,abbe 0 sorely tri$ by :at he saw2 & x is rum\r$ t he 0 puni%$ by "s ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & 8 book suppress$4 ,pure ,buddhism1 moreov]1 01 l pure ,*ri/ianity1 a v pa9ful religion 9 practice1 consequ5tly bo? ! "o & ! o!r h deg5]at$1 & h gradually become alt]$ mu* 9 ! same way--bo? hav+ amalgamat$ !mselves ) o!r sy/ems1 & hav+ gradually elim9at$ ^? proce$+s :i* are mo/ repulsive to human nature4 ,9 bo? !re is n[1 app>5tly1 ! idea t ! ascetic life may be liv$1 z x 71 by deputy4 ,9 ,buddhism1 c]ta9 m5 obta9 _! liv+ by fa/+1 m$itat+1 mac]at+ _! fle%1 & pray+ in/ead ( o!r p1 be+1 ( c\rse1 adequately paid = _! endurance ( privation4 ,9 a bran* ( ! ,*ur* f\nd$ by ,jesus ! same notion has obta9$1 & m5 :o h wall[$ 9 fil?1 />v$ !mselves1 & sp5t _! days 9 a mis]able r\nd ( p5ance & pray]1 are dignifi$ by ! "n ( ,sa9ts1 & are suppos$ to be able to h& ov]--= a consid]ation 9 money--! b5efit ( _! suff]+s to p :o wi% to live com=tably z well z pi\sly4 ,)\t burd5+ ?is *apt] ) a diss]tation ^u ! ,romi% doctr9e ( works ( sup]]ogation1 ,i w quote a few extracts f ! ,roman ,missal1 9 use 9 ,engl&1 to %[ t works done by ano!r c be made available = ! use ( any p>ticul> individual4 ,on ,janu>y #af1 ! day ( ,sa9t ,m>cellus1 ! p are told to pray t we may be aid$ by ! m]its ( bless$ ,m>cellus1 ,?y m>tyr & bi%op1 9 ^: suff]+s we rejoice4 ,on ,janu>y #bi1 ! day ( ,sa9t ,francis ( ,sales1 we f9d 9 ! pray] to be us$ by ! p1 m]cifully grant t we may by ! aid ( 8 m]its1 atta9 unto ! joys ( life ev]la/+4 ,aga91 on ,febru>y #h1 ! day ( ,sa9t ,john ( ,ma?a1 we f9d 9 ! prescrib$ pray]1 m]cifully grant t by 8 m]its plead+ = u1 we may be1 c4--&1 la/ly1 we notice on ,m>* #ai1 on ,sa9t ,joseph's day1 v\*safe1 ,o ,"l1 t we may be help$ by ! m]its ( ,?y mo/ holy "m's sp\se1 c4 ,! practice ( ! ,buddhi/s is !n ess5tially foll[$ by ! ,roman ,*ri/ians4 ,pure ,buddhism 0 :olly free f ! sexual elem5t s common 9 o!r religions ( antiquity1 & s 0 ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,yet 9 ,?ibet ! fir/ became int]m+l$ !re) & ,vajrasatta or ,dorjesempa ! ,?ibetan ,god above all1 is repres5t$ 9 ,s*lay9tweit's ,atlas ( ,plates z a male conjo9$ ) a female2 b s +5i\s is ! contrivance t ! _m might see ! draw+s )\t notic+ any?+ p>ticul>1 = ! tr9ity & ! unity are bo? hidd5 f view2 & 9 ,europe ! latt] has introduc$ ,/4 ,f\t9 & ,/4 ,cosmo into h] cal5d>1 & has f\nd$ h] wor%ip ( a tr9ity & a virg9 ^u ! pagan rev]5ce giv5 to ! creative organs 9 bo? sexes4 ,v5]ation = a triune ,god & 8 female consort is no m a portion ( ! tea*+ ( ! son ( ,m>y ?an x 0 ! doctr9e ( ! *ild ( ,maya ,devi1 ,buddha's "m4 ,x w probably be q z difficult = ! read] ( ! prec$+ pages1 z x has be5 = ! writ] ( !m1 to avoid putt+ ! "q to himself1 ,0 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? a ,buddhi/ disciple8 ,9 answ] to ?is "q ,i reply t we h no direct pro( ei!r on "o side or ! o!r1 b !re is mu* circum/antial evid5ce to %[ t he 04 ,we may m>%al x ?us3-- #a4 ,!re is v /rong reason = belief t ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ,india & ! successors ( ,alex&] 0 consid]able4 ,= example1 we f9d be=e ! "t ( ! ,maccabees1 b4c4 #bhj1 or p]haps some:at lat]1 t ,antio*us1 ! k+ ( ,syria1 _h #abj elephants--?+s :i* _h nev] be=e be5 se5 9 ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 or ,egypt1 & :i* took _! local "n f ! ,pho5ician aleph1 a bull--! ,jews suppos+ t !y 7 a new k9d ( cattle4 ,f ! acc\nts giv5 u we inf] t ^! 7 ,indian1 & 7 tra9$ ei!r by ,h9doo mah\ts or by ,greeks taught 9 ,h9du/an4 ,animals ( ?is size may h come by l& or by wat]4 ,9 ei!r case we h evid5ce ( traffic4 ,we h already se5 t ! great mission>y ef=t ( ,buddhism took place 9 ! "t ( ,asoka ab\t ,b4,c4 #cjg1 & x is n likely t ! ,we/ w\ld be neglect$ :5 ! ,ea/]n c\ntries receiv$ su* att5tion z !y did4 ,! ,greeks _h by ?is "t f\nd _! way by sea to ,india1 & ?us x is c]ta9 t ! r\te 0 kn[n4 ,!re is !n presumptive evid5ce t ,buddhism 0 taught among/ ! p frequ5t+ ! k+dom ( ,antio*us ! ,second1 ,b4,c4 #bfa4 ,at ?is p]iod & subsequ5tly1 ?is k+ & 8 subjects came mu* into contact ) ! ,jews1 s t x is equally easy to believe t ! ,hebrews 7 f\nd out by ! ,h9doo mission>ies z t ! ,alex&rian ,greeks 74 #b4 ,i h be5 unable to f9d 9 ! ,jewi% law1 9 ,grecian /ory1 9 ! acc\nts ( old ,babylonians1 ,c>?ag9ians1 ,romans1 ,egyptians1 or 9 any o!r hi/ory except t ( ,india1 te/imony :i* %[s t asceticism 0 an ess5tial "p ( religion4 ,x is true t we d f9d fa/+ to be occasionally m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z a sign ( grief or ( abasem5t199 b nev] z a means ( ga9+ salvation 9 a future life--^: v exi/5ce 0 unkn[n to ,moses & ! ,jews4 ,! obs]vation ( a p]iod ( hung] =m$ no "p ( ! ,mosaic law4 ,on ! contr>y1 anci5t ,european religions1 & ^? ( ,egypt & ,we/]n ,asia 7 associat$ ) fea/+ & jollification 7see ,deut4 xiv4 #bf47 ,! ,jews 7 enc\rag$ to indulge 9 a plurality ( wives2 b !y 7 n[h]e direct$ or recomm5d$ to live on alms4 ,aga91 we f9d n[h]e any ord]s to ! prie/s or ,levites to g ab\t ! c\ntry exp\nd+ or tea*+ ! law4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 we notice ! rise ( asceticism1 prea*+1 & celibacy1 betwe5 ! "t ( ,antio*us & t ( ,jesus1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 ! belief t !y 7 introduc$ f )\t1 & by ^? ( ! only religion :i* inculcat$ !m z articles ( fai? & practice4 99 ,9 ,lev4 xvi4 #cj2 xxiii4 #bg1 #bh2 & ,numb4 xxix4 #g1 !re are directions giv5 to ! ,jews1 t on a c]ta9 day !y are to afflict _! s\ls1 & a ?reat is add$1 t :atsoev] s\l x be t %all n be afflict$ 9 t self same day1 he %all be cut (f f among/ 8 p4 ,!re is no specific direction z to ! me?od ( afflict+ ! s\l2 b x is to be associat$ ) absolute laz9ess1 = :atev] s\l doe? any "w on t day %all be de/roy$ 7,lev4 xxiii4 #bh-ca74 ,! law is evid5tly a v mod]n "o1 z we d n f9d x ref]r$ to 9 ! ,anci5t ,jewi% records1 & ! idea ( atonem5t 0 introduc$ by ! ,talmudic ,ph>isees4 #c4 ,! ,hebrews always %[$ dur+ ! ,old ,te/am5t times a great aptitude to adopt ! fai? ( outsid]s--& z ! ,jewi% p 7 9 great abasem5t & mis]y at ! p]iod :5 x is probable t ! ,buddhi/ mission>ies came into ,syria1 !y w\ld be prep>$ = ! doctr9e t !y 7 suff]+ = bygone s9s4 ,! idea t m5 9 ! pres5t 7 sometimes puni%$ = s9s done 9 ! pa/ 0 a ,hebrew z well z a ,h9doo idea1 else ,saul's sons w\ld n h be5 hang$ = _! fa!r's misde$s1 or ! ,amalekites h be5 slaught]$ by ,samuel1 because _! =efa!rs _h "s c5turies be=e f\ght ) ,israel & be5 conqu]$ by ,moses & ,jo%ua4 #d4 ,t aft] ! ,p]sian reign x is c]ta91 t ?ree ,jewi% sects exi/$1--! ,ph>isees1 ! ,ess5es1 & ! ,sadducees--! la/ alone be+ purely ,mosaic1 & ! two fir/ be+ v l ! ,buddhi/s4 ,to /r5g!n ! l9ks ( evid5ce1 we may n[ say a few words ab\t ! rem>kable sect ( ! ,ess5es1 premis+ our belief t x 0 f\nd$ by mission>ies ( ! fai? ( ,sakya ,muni1 ^: doctr9es & practice became1 subsequ5tly1 modifi$ by ,mosaism1 j z ,*ri/ianity 0 consid]ably rem\ld$ by ,talmudism1 or1 to use an example ne>] our own times1 z ! ,*ri/ianity prea*$ by ,european mission>ies to ! ,new ,zeal&]s has be5 alt]$ by ! natives1 9 accordance ) _! anci5t ideas4 ,to !m ! ,old ,te/am5t is ! ,bible1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is ( no value4 ,! ,ess5es are describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr ,g9sburg1 ^: au?ority ,i foll[ 7,! ,ess5es4 ,longmans1 ,london1 #ahfd71 z a ,jewi% sect ( s+ul> piety4 ,!y did n sacrifice animals1 b endeav\r$ to make _! own m9ds holy--fit = an acceptable (f]+ to ,jehovah4 ,!y provid$ !mselves ) j en\gh = ! necessities ( life1 & held su* goods z !y possess$1 e4g41 clo!s & cloaks1 9 common4 ,!y only all[$ !mselves to conv]se on su* p>ts ( philosophy z conc]n ,god & man4 ,!y abhorr$ slav]y1 b ea* s]v$ 8 neighb\r4 ,!y respect$ ! ,sabba?4 ,_! fundam5tal laws 71 to love ,god1 to love virtue1 & to love mank9d4 ,!y affect$ to despise money1 fame1 pleasures1 pr(ess$ ! mo/ /rict *a/ity1 or1 r1 cont95ce1 & !y practis$ endurance z a duty4 ,!y also cultivat$ simplicity1 *e]fulness1 mode/y1 & ord]4 ,!y liv$ toge!r 9 ! same h\ses & villages1 & su/a9$ ! poor1 ! sick1 & ! ag$4 ,:5 !y e>n$ wages ! money 0 paid to a common /ock4 ,!y did n m>ry1 or h *ildr52 b if any ( _! body *ose to w$1 !re 0 no?+ 9 ! regulations to prev5t _! do+ s1 only !y !n _h to ent] ano!r class ( ! bro!rhood4 ,:5 possible1 !y work$ all day4 ,!y 7 highly respect$ by ^? :o knew !m1 & 7 frequ5tly receiv+ additions to _! numb]4 ,!y seem to h resembl$1 9 _! habits & cu/oms1 a frat]nity ( monks ( a work+1 r ?an a m5dicant1 ord]4 ,pleasure !y reg>d$ z an evil1 hav+ a t5d5cy to en*a9 man to e>?ly enjoym5ts1 a peculi>ly ,buddhi/ t5et4 ,/ill fur!r1 !y consid]$ ! use ( o9tm5t z defil+1 :i* 0 c]ta9ly n a ,hebraic doctr9e2 b !y dress$ dec5tly4 ,!y pray$ dev\tly be=e sunrise2 b until ! orb _h ris5 !y nev] spoke ( worldly matt]s4 ,!y gave ?anks1 & pray$ be=e & aft] eat+2 & ere !y ent]$ ! refectory ba!d 9 pure wat]4 ,! food provid$ 0 j suffici5t to keep !m alive4 ,:5 a p]son wi%$ to ent] ! community1 he und]w5t a p]iod ( trial1 &1 if approv$1 he proce$$ to take an oa?--to fe> ,god2 to be j t[>ds all m52 nev] to wrong anyone2 to dete/ ! wick$1 & love ! righte\s2 to keep fai? ) all m52 n to be pr\d2 n to try & out%9e 8 neighb\rs 9 any matt]2 to love tru?1 & to try & reclaim all li>s2 nev] to /eal or to cajole2 nev] to conceal any?+ f ! bro!rhood1 & to be retic5t ) outsid]s4 ,! ,ess5es rev]5c$ ,moses1 & s great 0 _! respect = ! ,sabba?1 t !y w\ld n ease nature on t day4 ,!y bore all tortures ) p]fect equanimity1 & fully believ$ 9 a future /ate ( exi/5ce1 9 :i* ! s\l1 lib]at$ f ! body1 rejoices1 & m\nts upw>ds to a p>adise1 :]e !re are no /orms1 no cold1 & no int5se heat1 & :]e all are con/antly refre%$ by g5tle ocean breezes4 ,josephus comp>es ?is sect ) ! ,py?agoreans2 & ,i ?9k ?is fact is wor? notic+1 = !re 01 9 old times1 a /rong op9ion t ! f\nd] ( t sect br\ght 8 peculi> op9ions f ,h9do/an4 ,pl9y1 9 writ+ ( ! ,ess5es1 rem>ks t _! usages diff] f ^? ( all o!r nations--:i* we may take z a demon/ration t !y did n copy _! con/itution f ,greeks1 ,romans1 or ,jews4 ,respect+ ! orig9 ( ?is sect no?+ c]ta9 is kn[n1 beyond t !y 7 9 exi/5ce at ! "t ( ! ,maccabees4 ,critics decl9e to see 9 !m any direct relations to ! ,py?agoreans1 & "s imag9e t ! ord] sprung naturally out ( a spiritual read+ ( ! ,mosaic law1 modifi$1 probably1 by ,p]sian or ,*aldee notions4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t ! t5ets & practice ( ! ,ess5es indicate r a ,buddhi/ ?an a ,mosaic orig91 = celibacy is ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t spok5 ( z a mis=tune1 & abundance ( wives z a pro( ( ,god's fav\r2 & ,i imag9e t "s dev\t ,indian mission>y p]suad$ _m pi\s ,jews to li/5 to 8 doctr9e1 b t he 0 unable to conv]t !m suffici5tly to induce !m to give up ! law ( ,moses = t ( ,sidd>?a4 ,i conceive /ill fur!r1 t ,john ! ,evangeli/1 &1 subsequ5tly1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 7 p]fectly cognizant ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,ess5es1 if !y 7 n memb]s ( ! sect1 & t !re is no?+ incr$ible 9 ! idea t bo? ^! prea*]s 7 in/ruct$ by "s ,buddhi/ mission>y1 al?\gh nei!r 0 ev] induc$ to give up 8 belief 9 ! absolute tru? ( ^? ,jewi% writ+s1 :i* bo? _h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d z absolutely true & sacr$4 ,we readily all[ t our !ory may be call$ a wild "o1 b we ass]t t1 9 reality1 x is f> o!rwise4 ,( c\rse a critic may say t ,john1 & 8 foll[]1 ,jesus1 7 j z likely to h /ruck out a new !ory ( salvation z ,sakya ,muni 02 or1 if exce$+ly or?odox1 he may assume t ! prea*+ ( ,jesus 0 ! pure result ( inspiration1 n su* z 0 giv5 to ! prophets by ,jehovah1 b emanat+ f himself z a s\rce ( absolute tru?4 ,b we demur to bo? ass]tions4 ,! pr(\nd rev]5ce t ,m>y's son %[$1 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 c>e]1 = ! law & = ! prophets1 w\ld h prev5t$ 8 do+ any?+ to upset ! =m] 9 s m>k$ a mann] z he did1 9 respect to ! ,sabba? day & o!r matt]s 7see ,mat!w v4 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #ch1 #ci1 #dc1 #dd71 unless !re _h be5 "s /rong influ5ce1 f )\t1 br\ght to be> ^u 8 m9d1 & to ca/ x 9 a diff]5t m\ld to t ( ,ph>isee or ,sadducee4 ,nor c we believe ,jesus to h be5 inspir$1 unless we ext5d ! same belief to ,buddha's tea*+1 & believe t he also 0 a f\nta9 ( light & righte\sness1 :i* we c]ta9ly are n dispos$ to d4 ,our hypo!sis respect+ a connection betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ! ,indian & ! ,hebrew1 appe>s to be /r5g!n$ :5 we contemplate ! di/9ction betwe5 ! doctr9es ( ! ,jewi% & ! ,h9doo sage4 ,we h se5 h[ !y agree z reg>ds ! morality :i* !y inculcate1 ! celibacy & pov]ty t !y enjo91 ! firm belief 9 preexi/5t1 or orig9al1 s91 & 9 a future /ate ( rew>ds or puni%m5ts4 ,!y diff] 9 ! v5]ation paid to antec$5t au?ority4 ,sakya ,muni believ$ 9 8 own inspiration1 & reject$ ! writ+s :i* 7 rev]5c$ by 8 p>5ts & ,m5ds4 ,jesus seems to h believ$ t he 0 himself supplem5tal to ,moses & ! prophets4 ,he did n want to de/roy or to sup]s$e !m absolutely1 z we le>n f ,mat!w v4 #ag1 & xxiii4 #bc4 ,he _h1 app>5tly1 an unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 _! tru?1 &1 ) an assurance 9 _! sanctity1 he spoke ( _! writ+s z ! v words ( ,god1 & we %all see t ! ma91 if n ! only1 po9ts 9 :i* ,jesus div]ges f ! ,h9doo prophet 7 ! products ( ! ,hebrew's full belief 9 ! sacr$ tru? ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,! son ( ,m>y taught1 z ! mo/ important "p ( 8 doctr9e1 t ! _w w\ld %ortly come to an end1 & t he 0 s5t to %[ mank9d1 or1 r1 ! ,jews1 h[ to escape f ! t]rible cata/rophe4 ,i d n ?9k x possible = anyone to read ! words attribut$ to ,jesus1 & n recognize t ?is 0 ! turn+ po9t ^u :i* ev]y?+ 9 8 prea*+ h+$4 ,sakya ,muni spoke ( ! future mis]y ( all ^? :o did n adopt 8 me?od ( salvation2 ,jesus treat$ ( ! imp5d+ de/ruction ( ! :ole _w1 ( an imm$iate judgm5t ( mank9d1 & ( ! c]ta9 puni%m5t ( ! majority4 ,t we are n utt]+ vague ass]tions we may %[ by ref]5ce to ,matt4 xxiv4 #c1 :]e9 we f9d c]ta9 disciples ask+1 ,:at %all be ! sign ( ?y com+1 & ( ! end ( ! _w8 ,aft] a long preamble1 tell+ ( tr\bles & mis]y1 we h ! reply ( ,jesus 9 vv4 #bi et seq43--,imm$iately aft] ! tribulation ( ^? days %all ! sun be d>k5$1 & ! moon %all n give h] light1 & ! />s %all fall f heav51 & ! p[]s ( ! heav5s %all be %ak53 & !n %all appe> ! sign ( ! ,son ( man 9 heav53 & !n %all all ! tribes ( ! e>? m\rn1 & !y %all see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great glory4 ,& he %all s5d 8 angels ) a great s\nd ( a trumpet1 & !y %all ga!r toge!r 8 elect f ! f\r w9ds1 f "o end ( heav5 to ano!r4444 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,?is g5]ation %all n pass1 till all ^! ?+s be fulfill$4 ,?is is sub/antially1 & almo/ lit]ally1 repeat$ 9 ,m>k xiii4 #bf-cj1 & 9 ,luke xxi4 #cb499 99 ,i h he>d ! words ( ?is prec$+ quotation h&l$ by a great v>iety ( div9es1 ass]t+ !mselves to be or?odox1 & :o hold ! position ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s4 ,all1 )\t exception1 pr(ess to reg>d ! expressions ab\t ! sun be+ d>k5$ & ! />s fall+1 z figurative or metaphorical1 & ea*1 accord+ to 8 preval5t ideas1 or to ! pet !ory ( ! day1 expla9 ! imag]y z hav+ a ref]5ce to "s emp]or1 k+1 que51 g5]al ( armies1 & ,i "k n :at besides4 ,b1 to anyone :o exam9es ! phraseology closely1 x w be se5 t ! words are to be tak5 9 _! mo/ lit]al s5se4 ,jesus _h1 z we h %[n1 a firm belief 9 ! imm$iate de/ruction ( ! _w1 & ^u t !me he descants & dilates4 ,tak+ ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( creation z /rictly true to ! lett]1 ,jesus reg>d$ ! sun1 moon1 & />s z apanages ( our e>?1 & v naturally drew ! inf]5ce1 t :5 ! _w 0 burn$ up1 !re w\ld be no necessity = ! cele/ial lum9>ies--! sun w\ld cease to %9e1 ! moon w\ld be d>k1 & ! />s fall f ! sky "u ! influ5ce ( ! same p[] t produc$ ! mundane de/ruction4 ,^! defunct bodies w\ld be replac$ by a va/ app>ition1 ^: glory w\ld exce$ t ( ! anci5t rul]s ( ! day & night1 & he :o n[ /ood on e>? z a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief w\ld be se5 & recogniz$ z ! arbit] ( ! de/9ies ( e man4 ,! passages ref]r$ to 9 ! text be> no o!r mean+ ?an ! "o "h assign$ to !m2 nor w\ld anyone1 h[ev] wild a div9e he might be1 ev] see1 or endeav\r to discov]1 9 ! words ref]r$ to1 a hidd5 mean+1 unless ! solemn ass]tion ( ,jesus ( 8 imm$iate adv5t 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 _h be5 su* a signal failure z "t has prov$ x to be4 ,we h always prote/$ aga9/ ^? !ologians :o pron\nce passages 9 ! ,bible to be metaphorical or lit]al z x suits ! ev5t1 & we d s n[4 ,:y su* m5 %\ld insi/ ^u x t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,koran & ,buddhi/ic books mu/ be tak5 au pi$ de la lettre & t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,bible may be allegoris$1 is a matt] beyond my compreh5sion4 ,!y surely =get ! dictum--) :at measure ye mete x %all be measur$ to y aga9 7,matt1 vii4 #b74 ,9 ,mat!w x4 we f9d ,jesus s5d+ out 8 disciples z mission>ies1 say+ to !m 7v4 #g71 z ye g1 prea*1 say+1 ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&1 a doctr9e previ\sly proclaim$ by ,john 7,matt iii4 #b71 & bas$ ^u "s words ( ,isaiah & ! m precise presages 9 ,daniel ,see also ,matt iv4 #ad-ag2 ,luke ix4 #b1 & x4 #i4 ,we f9d a yet m important ref]5ce 9 ,matt4 xi4 #ad1 9 :i* ,jesus is report$ to h said1 :5 speak+ ( ,john1 ,if ye w receive x1 ?is is ,elias1 :i* 0 = to come4 ,! obs]vation "h made pla9ly ref]s to an utt]ance ( ! ,jewi% ,mala*i1 :o1 9 8 la/ two *apt]s1 =e%ad[s ! adv5t ( a mess5g]1 :o %\ld imm$iately prec$e ! com+ ( ! ,"l to judge ! _w4 ,!re is yet ano!r passage1 ( almo/ equal =ce1 9 ,matt4 xvi4 #bg1 #bh--;,= ! ,son ( man %all come 9 ! glory ( ! ,fa!r ) 8 angels1 & !n %all he rew>d e man accord+ to 8 works4 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 !re be "s /&+ "h :i* %all n ta/e ( dea? till !y see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 8 k+dom4 ,9 ,matt4 xix4 #bh we read1 ,jesus said unto !m1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 t ye :i* h foll[$ me1 9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit 9 ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye also %all sit ^u twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 c4 ,aga91 we see 9 ,matt1 xxv41 aft] a p>able int5d$ to %[ ! possibility ( a sudd5 occurr5ce1 ! words1 ,wat*1 !re=e1 = ye "k nei!r ! day nor ! h\r :]e9 ! ,son ( man come?4 ,t ?is belief 0 due to ! ,jewi% writ+s we judge f ! frequ5t ref]5ces made to !m2 & we may especially notice "o :i* is attribut$ to ,jesus aft] 8 resurrection1 viz41 all ?+s mu/ be fulfill$ :i* 7 writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & 9 ! prophets1 & 9 ! ,psalms1 conc]n+ me4 ,s firmly 0 ! belief ( an imm$iate judgm5t impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ians1 t we f9d ,paul affirm+ respect+ x 7#a ,cor4 xv471 ,we %all n all sleep1 b we %all all be *ang$444 at ! la/ trump 7vv4 #ca1 #eb74 ,?is is m decid$ly enunciat$ 9 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #ae-ag--;,= ?is we say unto y by ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 t we :i* are alive1 & rema9 unto ! com+ ( ! ,"l1 %all n prev5t !m t are asleep4 ,= ! ,"l himself %all desc5d f heav5 ) a %\t1 ) ! voice ( ! ar*angel1 & ) ! trump ( ,god1 & ! dead 9 ,*ri/ %all rise fir/4 ,!n we :i* are alive & rema9 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m 9 ! cl\ds to meet ! ,"l 9 ! air1 & s %all we ev] be ) ! ,"l4 ,comp>e ) ?is #b ,pet] iii4 #a-d1 9 :i* !re is a repetition ( ! same lead+ idea1 & ) ,acts i4 #aa1 & ii4 #af-cf4 ,f ^! passages1 x is unque/ionable t ,jesus prea*$ t a de/ruction ( ! :ole creation 0 imm95t1 & we1 :o h ! light ( hi/ory to guide u1 c readily und]/& ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! doctr9e4 ,we h read ( panics1 ev5 9 ,london1 :]e "s en?usia/ has prop\nd$ ! /atem5t1 t ! _w 0 to be de/roy$ ^u a c]ta9 day1 & c well believe1 h[ a simil> ass]tion w\ld fright5 ignorant1 &1 probably1 le>n$ ,hebrew m54 ,b1 z "t advanc$1 & g5]ation aft] g5]ation pass$ away1 ! orig9al doctr9e requir$ to be modifi$4 ,yet x has nev] be5 q giv5 up1 & to ?is day1 a "p ( ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity is1 to put fai? 9 a second com+ ( ,jesus1 to judge ! _w4 ,! second com+ "h ref]r$ to1 frequ5tly passes by ! "n ( ! ,mill5nium1 & e>ne/ pieti/s believe t ! son ( ,m>y w come 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great glory1 to puni% all :o d n believe 9 him2 & to elevate ! exi/+1 & all o!r pa/ sa9ts1 to be k+s & prie/s 9 a new ,j]usalem1 :]e9 all w enjoy p]fect happ9ess = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,!re is ano!r po9t 9 connection betwe5 ,buddha & ,jesus1 to :i* ! biblical /ud5t %\ld n fail to pay att5tion4 ,! foll[]s ( ! =m] _h a p]fect belief t ea* ( !m _h liv$ 9 a previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,^u ?is po9t n a d\bt di/urb$ !m4 ,! disciples ( ! latt]1 h[ev]1 _h no su* ideas1 nor :5 prop\nd$ to !m1 did !y app>5tly und]/& x4 ,z f> z we c judge f ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 ,jesus did n ass]t t he _h ev] exi/$ prior to ! "t ( 8 bir? at ,be?lehem4 ,b 9 ! f\r? ,gospel1 writt5 z almo/ e s*ol> believes1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #aej1 a claim is repeat$ly made by ,jesus1 ( hav+ liv$ = an untold p]iod1 9 ! _s _w 9 company ) ! ,fa!r4 ,we w n ent] "h ^u ! grossness ( ?\ght1 :i* is m+l$ ) ! bett] ideas ( ! writ] ( ,john's ,gospel--a notion t involves ! necessity = a cele/ial sp\se ( ,god2 = if ! son exi/$--begott5 by ! fa!r be=e all worlds1 x c\ld only be by "s union--= ! ^w son implies ! necessity ( a fa!r & a "m--m especially :5 x is decl>$1 t he 0 begott54 ,our *ief bus9ess1 h[ev]1 is n ) ?is po9t1 b ) ! preexi/5ce ( ,jesus4 ,! ass]tions by :i* ! claim to a preexi/5ce is recogniz$1 may be f\nd 9 ! well kn[n words 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,john1 also 9 ! #aj? v]se--,! _w 0 made by him4 ,9 ^! p>ts1 ! evangeli/ decl>es t ,jesus 0 coeval ) 8 fa!r1 :i* no son c be4 ,9 *ap4 iii4 #ac1 we f9d1 no man ha? asc5d$ up to heav51 b he t came d[n f heav51 ev5 ! ,son ( man :i* is 9 heav51--a /range text inde$1 :i* totally ignores ! asc5sion ( ,eno* & ,elijah--or :i* demon/rates t !y liv$ 9 heav5 be=e !y 7 born on e>?1 & :i* /ill fur!r makes ,jesus say1 t he 0 9 heav5 at ! "t :5 he 0 talk+ to ,nicodemus6 ,9 *ap1 vi4 #fb1 !re is a simil> idea1 & if ye %all see ! ,son ( man asc5d up :]e he 0 be=e4 ,9 *ap4 viii4 #ad to #bc1 #ch1 & #ef1 a simil> idea is prop\nd$2 & 9 v4 #eh1 ,jesus is made to ass]t positively1 be=e ,abraham 01 ,i am4 ,9 *ap1 xvi4 #bh1 aga91 we read1 ,i came =? f ! ,fa!r1 & 9 *ap4 xvii4 #e1 we see1 & n[1 ,o ,fa!r1 glorify ?\ me ) ?9e own self ) ! glory :i* ,i _h ) !e be=e ! _w 04 ,we d n believe t ! son ( ,m>y made ^! ass]tions himself1 nor did ! son ( ,maya4 ,b ,sakya ,muni _h n long be5 dead1 be=e 8 disciples promulgat$ ! doctr9e t he 01 9 reality1 a "p ( ! ,supreme1 :o _h exi/$ = ev]la/+1 & _h be5 manife/$ 9 ! fle% to become a tea*]2 :at 8 foll[]s did = ,buddha1 x 0 natural t o!rs %\ld d = ,*ri/4 ,x may be t ! latt] 7 /imulat$ to d s by notic+ ! =m]1 b x is q z probable t ! idea ( glorification came spontane\sly to bo? sets ( m54 ,:i*ev] view ( ! case we may take1 "o ?+ is c]ta91 viz41 t bo? ,buddhi/s & ,*ri/ians1 h1 f ! dea? ( _! respective ma/]s1 done ev]y?+ 9 _! p[]1 c5tury by c5tury1 to augm5t ! claims ( ea*1 until inde$1 individuals are f\nd1 :o reg>d ,sakya ,muni z ! ,supreme1 & ,jesus ! ,all 9 ,all4 ,! le>n$ hi/orian may trace 9 ! ,ea/1 ! rise ( ,buddha's influ5ce 9 "s spots1 & its decad5ce 9 o!rs2 &1 :5 he looks ne>] home1 he may see ! gradual fall ( ,jesus1 & ! rise ( ,m>y among/ ! ,papi/s1 :il/ among/ ! ,prote/ants1 ! son has be5 rais$ ev5 above ! ,fa!r4 ,n _m mon?s h pass$1 s9ce a clev] prea*] & ?\ghtful man1 told me t he 0 det]m9$ to see no?+ 9 ! _w b ,*ri/--= :atev] 0 done1 he felt a c]ta9 confid5ce t x 0 done by him1 & = 8 glory4 ,we see !n1 t bo? ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity h be5 f\nd$ on ! ass]tion t mank9d suff]s pa91 mis]y1 & dea?1 9 consequ5ce ( antec$5t crim9ality be=e ,! ,great ,ma/]--t m5 w be puni%$ aft] dea? = c]ta9 s9s committ$ 9 ?is life2 & t !y c atta9 to salvation by adopt+ ! precepts & practice laid d[n by ,buddha & by ,*ri/4 ,^? :o prea* ^! doctr9es are sure ( ! facts t mis]y exi/s1 & t man desires to escape x4 ,accord+1 !n1 to ! pa9t+ ( ! "o1 & ! e>ne/ promise ( ! o!r1 all tea*]s ( ! two sects h a /rong hold ^u ! imag9ation ( _! foll[]s4 ,i ass]t1 )\t fe> ( contradiction f any ?\ghtful man1 t ! ma9 inducem5ts held out by our div9es to p]suade _! he>]s to embrace ,*ri/ianity1 are an awful pa9t+ ( ! horrors ( hell1 & an assurance n only ( escap+ x1 b ( ga9+ a place q diff]5t to ! ,devil's k+dom1 provid$ only t ! plan adopt$ by ! !ologian is foll[$ to ! lett]4 ,nei!r ,buddhi/s nor ,*ri/ians seem ev] to h /udi$ ! laws ( nature1 or ! works ( ! ,supreme1 ) any l>g5ess ( m9d or und]/&+4 ,_h !y done s1 !y w\ld alt] _! views respect+ s9 entirely1 & !y w\ld attribute ! mis]ies ( life to _! prop] cause4 ,x w be int]e/+ to ! read]1 if we n[ endeav\r to remove f ! two religi\s sy/ems1 ( :i* we treat1 all ^? p>ts1 :i* are to my m9d1 cle>ly imag9>y2 & exam9e :at is left beh9d4 ,!re is no?+ beyond a skeleton ( morality1 pure & simple4 ,b ev5 ! morality is n bas$ ^u common s5se4 ,x is ta9t$ by :at e ?9k] mu/ reg>d z absurdities4 ,= example1 :5 ,sidd>?a in/ruct$ 8 disciples to become ascetics1 & live ^u alms1 he did recognize ! fact1 t1 if all m5 adopt$ 8 law1 !y mu/ />ve2 = n "o w\ld h any?+ to give4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? s5t (f 8 disciples )\t any provision = _! subsi/5ce2 & :5 he prea*$1 take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 he did n appe> to take 9 ! idea1 t if all ! _w became conv]t$ to 8 doctr9e1 all w\ld suff]1 & die ( hung]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 q z necess>y = a mod]n philosoph]1 to correct "s ( ! bett] p>ts ( ! doctr9es ( ! sons ( ,maya ,devi1 & ,m>y1 z x is to em5date _! wor/ features4 ,if su* an "o 7 to pret5d--or to believe1 t he 0 inspir$ to rectify ! disp5sation ( ,sidd>?a & ,jesus1 z ! latt] ?\ght himself commission$ to improve ^u1 or to fulfil ! law ( ,moses--x is probable t he w\ld be reg>d$ z a prophet2 b if he %\ld only try to coax m5 to ?9k1 r ?an drive !m to believe1 he w\ld be unhe$$ by ! majority4 ,nor aft] all1 does x mu* signify4 ,%eep are tol]ably com=table :oev] ! %eph]d may be1 & if !re %\ld be a fight betwe5 rivals = ! own]%ip ( a flock1 ! quadrup$s d n c>e1 s long z !y are n tra9$ to fight1 to fa/1 or to live on an animal diet4 ,:5 any "o speaks ( ! morality1 pure & simple1 inculcat$ by ,sakya ,muni & ,jesus1 x is a fair "q to ask :e!r asceticism is includ$ !re94 ,9 o!r words1 is !re any?+ ( ! nature ( absolute goodness 9 ! attempt to make oneself mis]able8 ,or1 to v>y ! "q /ill fur!r--grant+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t x is intr9sically "r 9 ! sight ( ,god to ab/a9 f su* ( our prop5sities z induce u to m>ry1 to eat1 dr9k1 & sleep he>tily1 to fight a duel ) a rival1 to /eal1 to lie1 to covet1 & ! l1--grant+1 too1 t e su* ab/95ce is ent]$ z an asset on ! cr$itor side ( ! books ( ,heav5--is x an equally available item to ab/a9 f bro!rly love & com=t g5]ally8 ,! logician sees cle>ly t !re is no di/9ction 9 k9d betwe5 controll+ "o set ( animal passions & ano!r1 & is =c$ to all[ t if x be a comm5dable ?+ to avoid indulg+ 9 "o c>nal appetite1 x is /ill m comm5dable to endeav\r to c\nt]act !m all ,consequ5tly1 by grant+ ! premisses1 we f9d ourselves l&$ 9 a difficulty4 ,if univ]sal asceticism 7 to prevail1 x is cle> t man w\ld be oppos+ himself to ! manife/ designs ( ! ,creator1 z %[n 9 ! _w at l>ge2 & we _c conceive1 t direct disob$i5ce to in/9cts1 implant$ 9 u by our ,mak]1 c be any?+ b an item on ! debtor side 9 ! books1 :i* ,jewi% writ]s h said t ,he keeps4 ,?us we are driv5 to inve/igate ! v ass]tions :i* 9 ! comm5cem5t ( our inquiry we took = grant$1 & to ask ourselves1 is !re really any intr9sic value 9 morality 9 ! sight ( ,god8 ,c a mo/ virtu\s life comm& = ! individual :o has practis$ x an et]nity ( bliss8 ,jesus answ]s ?is tol]ably di/9ctly 9 ! words report$ 9 ,luke xvii4 #aj1 ,:5 ye %all h done all ^? ?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants3 we h done t :i* x 0 our duty to d4 ,b we d\bt :e!r ?is dictum enunciates suffici5tly cle>ly ! ab/ract value ( morality4 ,to asc]ta9 ?is we mu/ endeav\r to read ! book ( nature on o!r pages ?an ^? :i* treat ( man4 ,!re c be no d\bt 9 ! m9d ( a ?\ghtful obs]v] t man & ! l[] animals h mu* 9 common--t2 all h be5 fram$ ) a purpose1 & are rul$ by natural laws4 ,"s creatures excel 9 cunn+1 "s 9 reason1 "s 9 activity1 "s 9 slo?--all h c]ta9 proclivities4 ,9 "s1 in/9ct leads !m to eat grass1 b\ghs1 leaves1 & fruits2 9 o!rs1 x tea*es !m to seek insects or o!r creatures = _! food4 ,all h1 m or less1 p]iodically a prop5sity to propagate2--:i* is att5d$ 9 "s by a pair+ (f ( male & female1 :o consort = ! purpose ( hav+ (fspr+ & assi/+ ea* o!r 9 re>+ !m4 ,9 o!rs1 ei!r :]e !re is naturally an equality ( ! sexes or a prepond]ance ( males1 ! latt] in/9ctively fight ) ea* o!r = a s+le mate1 or = a numb] ( females4 ,aga91 9 ! case ( animals actuat$ by hung]1 or by o!r motives1 !re are frequ5t battles1 & ! conqu]$ is n only kill$1 b eat54 ,or :]e two or m sets ( animals are liv+1 ! "o on l&1 ! o!r 9 ! air1 we may f9d t "o w rob ! o!r4 ,no?+1 = example1 is mu* m common ?an = rats & cr[s to /eal eggs1 or = tig]s to commit murd]4 ,nature1 !n1 be+ su* z we f9d x1 we _c ass]t--reasonably--t a "y /ag :5 he covets a neighb\r's wife & fights h] pres5t consort1 = prop]ty 9 h]1 commits a crime aga9/ ! ,almighty1--nor c we say t a fox :i* /eals a goose w be s5t to hell4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we %\ld nev] ?9k ( comm5d+ a hungry lion = ab/a9+ f kill+ a h>mless lamb1 nor ( decl>+ t he has done a good action 9 ! sight ( heav54 ,9 l mann]1 a writ] 9 prov]bs tells u t m5 d n despise a ?ief if he /eal to satisfy 8 s\l :5 he is hungry1--& ! g5]al cons5t ( mank9d refuses to see ! crime ( murd] 9 ! slaught] ( "o1 out ( a mis]able boat's crew1 :o is kill$ & eat5 t ! survivors may escape dea? f hung]4 ,society1 too1 is some:at l5i5t :5 two m5 fight = ! love ( su* a woman z ,hel54 ,b we readily recognise ! fact t a community1 or ev5 a family1 w\ld be weak5$ & disorganiz$ if !ft 0 enc\rag$1 & e pretty female 0 ! cause ( close fight+ betwe5 man & man4 ,h5ce we see t1 9 reality1 t :i* is call$ ! moral law1 is a code :i* is int5d$ to influ5ce social life 9 ?is _w1 & n ! position ( human be+s 9 ! next4 ,h[ev] mu* we might desire to ?9k ! contr>y1 we are driv5 to ! belief t ! moral precepts inculcat$ on ! ,jews1 ! ,buddhi/s1 & ! ,*ri/ians1 _h a human1 &1 we may add1 a political orig94 ,tak+ ! ,bible ev5 z be+ :at _m believe x to be--! inspir$ ^w ( ,god--we mu/ nev]!less all[ t su* a code z t book conta9s 9 ,exodus & else:]e1 exi/$ 9 ,egypt long be=e ! dep>ture ( ! ,jews f t c\ntry4 ,_h n murd] be5 prohibit$ on ! ,nile bank1 ,moses w\ld n h run away to escape ! p5alty = homicide4 ,because ! ,mizraim puni%$ kill+1 7 !y taught ( ,god8 ,! natural answ] to ?is qu]y :5 x is address$ to a bibliolat] is t ! ,egyptians 7 taught by ,god to puni% murd] ) dea? ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( _! =efa!r1 ,ham1 :o he>d ! comm& giv5 by ,god to ,noah1 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$1 ,g54 ix4 #f4 ,b if ! ,egyptians ?us knew ! law1 s ! desc5dants ( ,%em mu/ h le>n$ x also2 & if s1 :at ne$ 0 !re to repeat x among/ ! ?und]s ( ,s9ai4 ,x is pla9 f ! romantic leg5d ( ,joseph & ,potiph>'s wife3 fir/1 t ! ,hebrew slave fe>$ to commit adult]y1 z x 0 a great wick$ness & a s9 aga9/ ,god1 ,g54 xxxix4 #i2 &1 secondly1 t ! ,egyptian consid]$ x a crime 9 anyone to violate ! wife ( ano!r4 ,b nei!r ,joseph nor ,potiph> c\ld by any possibility h he>d ( ! laws enunciat$ on ,s9ai4 ,s1 if we c\ld inquire f>!r1 we %\ld mo/ assur$ly le>n t ! ,mizraim v5]at$ _! p>5ts1 puni%$ !ft1 & took means to prev5t & to puni% p]jury4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,egyptians _h1 long be=e !y ev] he>d ( a ,jew1 ! same comm&m5ts among/ !m :i* 7 subsequ5tly enunciat$ 9 ! wild]ness1 we c only come to ! conclusion t ! ,hebrew writ] :o told ! /ory ( ,s9ai1 gave ! god :om he describ$1 a great deal ( unnecess>y "w4 ,c we = a mom5t suppose t ! ,jews :5 9 ,egypt _h _! wives 9 common8--& if ea* man _h 8 mate1 & ea* woman h] husb&1 x is almo/ self-evid5t t adult]y w\ld n be tol]at$ among/ !m4 ,z !re 7 !re=e di/9ct moral laws long be=e ! ,exodus1 ! decalogue 0 entirely sup]flu\s4 ,! morality inculcat$ by tea*]s is no?+ m ?an in/ructions = mank9d h[ to atta9 ! greate/ h>mony among/ _! fell[s4 ,x is v natural = a ?\ghtless man to ass]t t "o :o wilfully di/urbs ! g5]al com=t ( ! human family dur+ 8 life-"t1 %all be torm5t$ et]nally aft] 8 dea?2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 to proclaim t he :o does ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to increase ! happ9ess ( 8 fell[-m5 %all be rew>d$ 9 a heav5 above1 ) ev]la/+ music1 or o!r delights2 yet we may fairly d\bt ! av]m5ts1 = bo? are f\nd$ entirely ^u human ideas ( "r & wrong1 ju/ice & inju/ice4 ,! preval5t idea is1 t ev]y?+ :i* to "s man seems to be wrong on e>?1 w be right$ 9 ano!r sph]e--,ev5 ,jesus appe>s to h adopt$ ?is view1 = he talks 7,luke xvi7 ( a ,dives & ,laz>us--! "o1 a ri* man :o f>$ sumptu\sly e day1 & ! o!r a begg>1 full ( sores1 :o long$ = ! crumbs f weal?'s table4 ,aft] ! dea?s ( ^! two p1 we are told t ! ri* man w5t to ,hell1 & ! poor "o to ,heav51 n--app>5tly--because "o 0 bad & ! o!r good2 b simply because mis]y 9 ! pres5t is sure to be *ang$ into luxury = ! future1 & vice v]sa4 ,we see ?is doctr9e di/9ctly enunciat$ by ! imag9>y ,abraham1 9 ^: bosom ,laz>us lay1 = he rem>ks 7,luke xvi4 #be71 ,son1 rememb] t ?\ 9 ?y lifetime receiv$/ ?y good ?+s1 & likewise ,laz>us evil ?+s2 b n[ he is com=t$ & ?\ art torm5t$4 ,we n[h]e f9d t 8 position 0 a rew>d to ! begg> = virtue or morality4 ,!re is also a curr5t doctr9e t he :om we call a vile man--"o :o indulges 8 brutal desires1 %all 9 ano!r _w become m brutaliz$--meet+ )1 & be+ beat5 by1 p[]s ^: mis*iev\s prop5sities are sup]ior to 8 own2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 he :om we call a sa9t1 "o :o endeav\rs to subdue ! affections ( ! fle% 9 ?is _w1 %all be able to indulge 9 any desire t he may h1 9 ! next1 unlimit$ly4 ,9 %ort1 ea* individual makes a ,heav5 = himself1 & a ,hell = 8 neighb\rs4 ,i h he>d1 9 days gone by1 a ,s\!rn ,/ates lady say %e w\ld n g to heav51 will+ly1 if %e knew t %e %\ld meet negroes !re on t]ms ( equality4 ,9 rejo9d] to ^! consid]ations1 ! "q is put1 ,c\ld ! _w be habitable by m51 )\t ! exi/5ce among/ !m ( a belief 9 a future /ate1 9 :i* rew>ds & puni%m5ts %all be met$ out = suppos$ misde$s committ$ 9 ! pres5t8 ,x is well = u to look ! matt] 9 ! face boldly1 & ask ourselves :e!r fi]ce tig]s1 angry bulls1 combative /ags1 k9dr$ dev\r+ rats1 (fspr+ eat+ alligators1 infanticidal birds & pigs h succe$$ 9 extirpat+ _! race8 ,!re are h]ds1 )\t numb]1 ( gram9ivor\s animals 9 ,africa1 & ?\s&s ( c>nivor\s creatures :o c\ld n exi/ )\t murd]+ "s ( ! =m]2 yet ! slaught] committ$ by scores ( lions does n annihilate antelopes4 ,9 l mann] !re are _m folks :o h liv$ 9 sundry isl&s ( ! ,pacific )\t an idea1 s f> z we c le>n1 ( an et]nity1 :o sometimes sp5d _! leisure "t 9 fight+ ) & eat+ ea* o!r1 & occasionally unite to kill a %>k3 ea* individual lives & dies l any o!r animal1 b ! race rema9s4 ,ev5 ! sy/ematic helli%ness ( p]secution indulg$ 9 by ! foll[]s ( ,jesus 9 ! middle ages did n extirpate ! ,jews2 & if organiz$ murd]s1 su* z 71 9 days gone by1 sanction$ by individuals wield+ ! sceptre ( p[]ful gov]nm5ts1 c\ld n cut (f f exi/5ce a comp>atively feeble race1 surely we may conclude t a nation c cont9ue popul\s ev5 if any individual1 9 a fit ( passion1 %\ld rise aga9/ 8 fell[ & smite him to ! du/4 ,b we ne$ n g to ,new ,zeal&1 ,*9a1 & ,japan to prove t m5 c live 9 a community )\t an idea ( et]nity1 = we h only to ref] to ! ,jews1 ! s-call$ p ( ,god4 ,to !m no k ( et]nal life 0 giv51 consequ5tly we inf] t ,jehovah knew t !y w\ld get along 9 ! _w v well )\t x4 ,:at ,elohim ?\ght 0 unnecess>y1 x is n = man to prop\nd z important4 ,:5 ! mod]n ,*ri/ian philosoph]--& !re really are a few :o des]ve ! t]m--f9ds t ! morality ( ,jesus did n mat]ially diff] f t ( ,sakya ,muni1 he endeav\rs to %[ t ! doctr9e ( fai? 9 ! son ( ,god is ( m value ?an simple propriety1 & t ev5 ! mo/ virtu\s life w n enable a man to atta9 to p>adise unless he holds ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,:5 ! ,ca?olic fai?1 z x is t]m$1 is plac$ 9 su* a position1 we are b\nd to exam9e its pret5sions1 & inquire 9 :at way doctr9es or dogmas are bett] ?an morality1 & :e!r !y are 9 any way sup]ior to :at ! or?odox call irreligion4 ,to my m9d ! be/ me?od ( solv+ ! "q is an appeal to hi/ory4 ,if1 z x is cont5d$ by ! or?odox1 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity is f> above t ( any o!r religion1 !n x mu/ foll[ t all ^? :o believe 9 x1 or ev5 pr(ess x1 mu/ be p>agons among/ m5 z citiz5s & rul]s4 ,to :at ext5t _m !ologians believe 9 ?is axiom may be judg$ by ! frequ5cy ) :i* we he>1 f ! pulpit1 an old anecdote to ! effect1 t ! expression1 see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love "o ano!r1 01 9 old5 "t1 ne>ly equal to ! mo/ p[]ful s]mon 9 fav\r ( ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,)\t po9t+ a sne]1 by reque/+ my read]s to sub/itute ! ^w ,buddhi/s = ,*ri/ians1 let me lay ! v heavy *>ge aga9/ ! lead]s ( ! fai?1 t ! words 9 "q are ! heavie/ condemnation possible aga9/ ! suppos$ value ( ! doctr9es ( ! son ( ,m>y1 z =m]ly & at pres5t exp\nd$4 ,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love6 ,aye1 see h[ !y love--read _! own hi/ories ( ! pa/1 & _! newspap]s 9 ! pres5t2 att5d _! meet+s2 li/5 to _! spee*es2 & ev5 foll[ !m into private life4 ,9 e position see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love "o ano!r is ! damn+ s5t5ce :i* tells ( ! real value ( ! doctr9e attribut$ to ! son ( ,m>y4 ,:il/ ,i write 7,jan4 #g1 #ahgj71 a c\ncil1 call$ ,o,ecumenical1 consi/+ ( ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 summon$ to ! capital ( anci5t ,italy f all p>ts ( ! _w1 is sitt+1 & "o ( ! subjects ( its delib]ation is1 :e!r a c]ta9 individual1 elect$ by m5 to assume ! direction ( a community ( m5 hold+ a p>ticul> fai? 9 common1 %all be reg>d$1 by ^? :o jo9 su* bran* ( ! *ur*1 z absolutely infallible 9 e /atem5t ( op9ion :i* he makes z a high prie/4 ,m5 positively h met to clo!1 & n[ h inve/$1 a man ) an attribute ( ,god1 & millions ( ,*ri/ians w1 by ^? m51 be compell$ to consid] !mselves b\nd by ! decision6 ,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love6 !y are p]secut$ by ! _w at fir/1 !n !y p]secute _! oppressors1 & massacre ea* o!r2 educat$ by ,jesus1 !y gradually enc\rage ignorance until !y rea* a sup]/ition z crass z ! d>kness ( a d5se fog 9 a moonless night4 ,!y oppose ! advancem5t ( k & sci5ce1 !n1 by degrees1 endeav\r to exalt ea* o!r1 until1 by common cons5t1 !y deify ! *iefta9 ( ! ord]4 ,!re is n a kn[n crime ( :i* ! lead]s ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 z x is call$1 h n be5 guilty1 bo? z m5 & ecclesia/ical rul]s4 ,see h[ ^! ,*ri/ians love6 ,yet ^! v m5 endeav\r to d]ide1 & affect to despise1 ^? :om !y call ! godless4 ,! latt]1 tak+ _! /& ^u morality & common s5se1 av] t all affairs betwe5 man & 8 mak] ought to be ref]r$ to ! arbitrem5t ( ,heav54 ,! ,*ri/ian hi]>*s1 on ! contr>y1 decl>e t !y are ! e>?ly ag5ts ( heav51 & t !y1 & ! secul> arm--a v mundane c\rt--c act j z well1 p]haps bett]1 ?an ! ,supreme ,judge4 ,we w n say :e!r x 0 a pleasant pa/ime = ! ,spani%1 & o!r ,inquisitors1 to torture individuals :o 7 ?\ght to be inimical to ! true fai?1 inasmu* z we d n "k _! inmo/ m9d2 b we assev]ate t all ,europe1 except ^? :o _h ! p[] ( p]secution1 & us$ x1 rejoic$ greatly :5 ! en?usia/ic armies1 ( :at 0 designat$ a!i/ic ,france1 annihilat$ ! s-call$ ,holy ,inquisition4 ,i speak ) sob] e>ne/ness :5 ,i say1 t aft] =ty ye>s' exp]i5ce among/ ^? :o pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 & ^? :o proclaim1 m or less quietly1 _! disagreem5t ) x1 ,i h notic$ m /]l+ virtue & morality among/ ! la/ ?an ! fir/4 ,?\gh ,i ?us express myself1 ,i mu/ also ackn[l$ge my belief 9 ! dictum1 t _m m5 are bett] ?an _! cre$s w\ld make !m1 &1 consequ5tly1 t all m5 are n to be tak5 z *>act]i/ic ( _! sy/em ( belief4 ,i "k1 p]sonally1 _m pi\s1 /]l+1 good ,*ri/ian p1 :om ,i hon\r1 admire1 &1 p]haps1 w\ld be glad to emulate or to equal2 b !y des]ve ! eulogy ?us pass$ on !m 9 consequ5ce ( _! good s5se hav+ ignor$ ! doctr9e ( fai? to a great degree1 & hav+ cultivat$ ! practice ( good works4 ,!y h pick$ out ! be/ bits ( ! ,bible1 & reject$ ! wor/4 ,9 my judgm5t ! mo/ praisewor?y ,*ri/ians :om ,i "k are modifi$ ,buddhi/s1 ?\gh1 probably1 n "o ( !m ev] he>d ( ,sidd>?a4 ,i w\ld gladly trace _! "*1 b ,i =be>1 z ,i ?9k !y w\ld be horrifi$ at ! ?\ght ( my comp>+ !m ) ^? :om !y h be5 taught to reg>d z foll[]s ( a false prophet1 or some?+ worse4 ,let x suffice to say t ,i hon\r consi/5t reasonable ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e1 & t :atev] rem>ks ,i make :i* seem to be oppos$ to ?is1 are direct$ aga9/ ^? ^: doctr9es1 morality1 & conduct1 o/5sibly built ^u ! ,bible1 are irrational & bad4 ,s9ce ! prec$+ rem>ks 7 writt51 !re h appe>$ ?ree v rem>kable works ^u ,buddhism 9 addition to ^? :i* ,i h already notic$--& !y h ! advantage = g5]al read]s1 ( be+ clo!d 9 an ,engli% dress4 ,! fir/ :i* ,i w notice1 is ,travels ( ,fah-,hian & ,sung-,yun3 ,buddhi/ ,pilgrims f ,*9a to ,india 7#djh ,a4,d41 & #eah a4d42 ,london1 ,truebn]1 #ahfi1 small #hvo4 pp4 #bjh47 ,?is "w is rem>kable z illu/rat+ ! fact1 t !re has be5 ! idea1 ev5 9 ,*9a1 ( s5d+ m51 or ( dev\t p]sons spontane\sly go+1 to di/ant places1 to endeav\r to seek = m p]fect religi\s k1 ?an !y believe !mselves & _! tea*]s to possess :]e !y are4 ,) su* an example be=e u1 we c give m easy cr$5ce to ! /ories told ( ,py?agoras1 ( ,solon1 & ,h]odotus2 h[ !y visit$ di/ant c\ntries to le>n ! way ( ,god & man m p]fectly4 ,nor mu/ we pass by ! pro(1 :i* ! j\rney ( ! ,*9ese travell]s af=ds1 t1 :at may be call$ mission>y zeal is n an apanage ( ,*ri/ianity alone4 ,an acc\nt ( _! travels w be f\nd 9 ! next *apt]4 ,! second publication to :i* we ref]1 is ,buddhaghosa's ,p>ables1 translat$ f ! ,burmese1 by ,capt4 ,t4 ,rog]s2 ) an introduction conta9+ ,buddha's ,dhammapada1 or ,pa? ( ,virtue1 translat$ f ! ,pali1 by ,max ,muell]2 ,london1 ,trubn] ,co41 #ahgj1 #hvo4 pp4 #cgd4 ,?is "w is ( su* importance to all /ud5ts ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 t we %all notice x 9 a sep>ate essay4 ,! ?ird contribution1 is ,! ,mod]n ,buddhi/1 be+ ! views ( a ,siamese ,m9i/] ( ,/ate1 on 8 own & o!r religions1 translat$1 ) rem>ks1 by ,h5ry ,alaba/]1 int]pret] ( ,h4 ,b4 ,m41 consulate-g5]al 9 ,siam2 ,london1 ,triibn] ,co41 #ahgj1 small #hvo4 pp4 #ia4 ,?is has n[ arriv$ at a second edition1 & is call$ ,! ,:eel ( ! ,law4 ,?is la/ book is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! ?ree1 inasmu* z x enables u to comp>e ! mod]n developm5t ( ! religion ( ,buddha1 & t ( ,*ri/4 ,x enables u1 moreov]1 to see ourselves & mod]n ,*ri/ian doctr9es z o!rs see !m1 & to discov] ! ess5tial po9ts at issue1 betwe5 ! foll[]s ( ! son ( ,maya ,devi1 & ( ,m>y4 ,! fir/ po9t to :i* we w\ld call att5tion1 is ! /atem5t t ! ,siamese are n[h]e excell$ 9 ! s9c]ity ( _! belief1 & ! lib]ality ) :i* !y support _! religion4 ,9 ,bangkok alone1 !re are m ?an a hundr$ mona/]ies1 & t5 ?\s& monks & novices4 ,m ?an ?is1 e male ,siamese1 sometime dur+ 8 life1 & g5]ally 9 ! prime ( x1 takes ord]s z a monk1 & retires = "s mon?s or ye>s1 to practise ab/95ce & m$itation 9 a mona/]y4 ,aga9/ ?is1 or side by side ) x1 :at c ,great ,brita91 or any o!r ,*ri/ian c\ntry %[8 ,we h1 x is true1 pl5ty ( mona/]ies 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & 9 ! majority ( we/]n k+doms1 !re are colleges & univ]sities = ! education ( y\?1 & !re is1 9 "s su* in/itutions1 a pret5ce ( m$itation & ( ab/95ce4 ,yet ! f+] ( sc&al po9ts1 & has po9t$1 = _m hundr$ ye>s1 to ! disreputable conduct pursu$ 9 almo/ ! :ole ( su* ,*ri/ian in/itutions2 :]eas1 n ev5 its enemies c f9d evid5ce to convict ,buddhi/ ascetics ( indulg+ 9 s5sual gratifications ( any k9d :atev]4 ,we le>n1 f ,mr ,alaba/]'s preface1 t ! late k+ ( ,siam1 ?\gh em95t among/ monks = 8 k ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures1 boldly prea*$ aga9/ ! canonicity ( ^? ( !m1 ^: relations 7 oppos$ to 8 reason1 & 8 k ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,8 p[]s z a l+ui/ 7 consid]able1 & enabl$ him to use an ,engli% libr>y ) facility4 ,!y are 8 views--:i* royal etiquette prev5t$ him f writ+1 t inspir$ 8 prime m9i/]4 ,:at h we "h8 ,surely x is an example t ,briti% rul]s1 & especially div9es1 %\ld foll[4 ,yet ) all our boa/$ skill1 sci5ce1 & p[]s ( ?\ght1 our !ologians pref] to prea*1 & to uphold1 doctr9es :i* !y "k to be repugnant1 bo? to reason & to sci5ce1 r ?an ab&on t :i* 0 prop\nd$ :5 reason & k 7 almo/ 9 _! infancy4 ,c]ta9ly1 9 ?is respect1 ! believ]s 9 ,sakya ,muni %[ !mselves m s5sible ?an ^? 9 ,jesus4 ,aga91 let u quote ! foll[+ p>agraph--po9t+ out ! analogy we wi% to draw1 by us+ a lit]>y contrivance--& call+ att5tion to ! fact1 t no ,roman ,ca?olic au?ority 9 ,*ri/ian ,europe1 has yet d>$ to say1 :at a ,buddhi/ rul] does4 ,our ,siamese ,papal lit]ature is n only scanty1 b nons5sical1 full ( /ories ( g5ii sa9ts /eal+ wom5 relics & m5 sa9ts fight+ ) g5ii devils & extraord9>y p]sons ,elijah & ,philip :o c\ld fly ?r\gh ! air1 & br+ dead p to life4 ,&1 ev5 ^? works1 :i* pr(ess to tea* any?+1 g5]ally tea* x wrong2 s t !re is n ! lea/ pr(it1 ?\gh "o /udies !m f morn+ to night 7p4 #g74 ,! foll[+ obs]vation is equally p[]ful--,*aya4 ,phya4 ,praklang--! "n ( ! ,siamese au?or1 might1 z a ,buddhi/1 believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 sublim$ above all human qualities & attributes--a p]fect ,god1 above love1 & hatr$1 & jeal\sy1 calmly re/+ 9 a quiet happ9ess t no?+ c\ld di/urb2 & ( su* a ,god he w\ld speak no disp>agem5t1 n f a desire to please ,him1 or fe> to (f5d ,him1 b f natural v5]ation4 ,b he _c und]/& a ,god ) ! attributes & qualities ( m51 a ,god :o loves & hates1 & %[s ang]1 a ,deity1 :o1 :e!r describ$ to him by ,*ri/ian ,mission>ies1 or by ,mahometans1 ,brahm9s1 or ,jews1 falls bel[ 8 /&>d ( ev5 an ord9>y good man 7p4 #be74 ,aft] ! passages :i* we h quot$1 ! translator gives _m pages ( acc\nts ( conv]sation betwe5 mission>ies & ! ,siamese m9i/]1 :i* well repay a p]usal4 ,!y are too long = quotation entire1 b !re are ?ree p>agraphs t des]ve commemoration1 z !y %[ u ! reason+ p[]s ( ! ,buddhi/ 9 fav\rable contra/ to ! bigotry ( 8 w\ld-be in/ructor4 ,i said1 '!n y consid] t ev5 a /one 9 ! bladd] is creat$ by ,god8' ,he repli$1 ',yes1 ev]y?+1 ,god creates ev]y?+4' ',!n1' answ]$ ,i1 if t is s1 ,god creates 9 man t :i* w cause 8 dea?1 & y m$ical mission>ies remove x1 & re/ore 8 heal?6 ,are y n oppos+ ,god by s do+8 ,are y n (f5d+ ,him 9 cur+ ^? :om ,he w\ld kill8' ,:5 ,i _h said ?is ! mission>y became angry1 & say+ ',i 0 h>d to tea*1' left me 7p4 #bi74 ,aga91 :5 he & ,dr ,gutzlaff 7 discuss+ ! /ory ( ! creation & ! fall1 z taught 9 ! ,*ri/ian & ,jewi% ,bible1 & ! ,buddhi/ has cle>ly ! be/ ( ! argum5t1 ! mission>y told him1 t if any spoke z ! m9i/] _h be5 do+ 9 ,european c\ntries1 he w\ld be put 9 prison--& ,*aya ,phya adds1 ,i invite p>ticul> att5tion to ?is /atem5t 7p4 #cd74 ,?us1 n only 9 o!r p>ts ( 8 "w1 b "h also1 he po9ts out h[ t :i* ,*ri/ian emiss>ies say is a religion ( peace on e>? & good w to m5 is1 9 reality1 "o ( intol]ance & p]secution1 ev5 on ! %[+ ( its own m9i/]s4 ,9 ! ?ird example to :i* ,i ref]1 ,gutzlaff is aga9 talk+ ) ,*aya ^u ! curse ( man1 & ! ,siamese speaks ?us--,besides1 ! ,bible says1 by belief 9 ,*ri/1 man %all escape ! consequ5ces ( ,eve's s92 yet ,i _c see t m5 d s escape 9 any degree1 b suff] j z o!rs d4 ,! mission>y answ]$1 ,x is wa/e ( "t to conv]se ) evil m51 :o w n be taught1 & s he left me 7p4 #ce74 ,:5 m5 l ,gutzlaff1 :o is really em95t 9 8 way1 c be s readily sil5c$ & put to flight by a native ( ,siam1 ^: m9d is n famili> ) ! sci5ce & logical tra9+ ( ,european ?9k]s1 x is by no means surpris+ t cultivat$ ,engli%m5 %\ld refuse to believe 9 ! *ildi% /ories & fooli% doctr9es t are promulgat$ by ,*ri/ians at home1 z be+ an inspir$ & infallible revelation f ! ,almighty4 ,alas1 = our c\ntry & h] p6 !y h mu* to unle>n z well z to le>n be=e !y c lay a fair claim to ! position :i* !y assume to hold4 ,we may next quote ! foll[+1 z be+ useful to mission>y societies "h4 ,aft] hav+ describ$ ! religion ( ,papi/s1 ,prote/ants1 & ,mormons1 ,*aya says1 ,all ^! ?ree sects wor%ip ! same ,god & ,*ri/1 :y1 !n1 %\ld !y blame ea* o!r1 & *>ge ea* o!r ) believ+ wrongfully1 & say to ea* o!r1 ',y are wrong1 & w g to ,hell2 we are "r1 & %all g to ,heav58' ,y make u ?9k t x is "o religion :i* ,*ri/ians hold1 yet h[ c we jo9 x :5 ea* p>ty ?reat5s u ) ,hell if we agree ) ano!r sect1 & !re is none to decide betwe5 !m8 ,i beg comp>ison ( ?is ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,"l ,buddha1 t :oev] endeav\rs to keep ! comm&m5ts1 & is *>itable1 & walks virtu\sly1 mu/ atta9 to ,heav5 7p4 #dc74 ,! comm&m5ts ref]r$ to are-- #a/4 ,?\ %alt n de/roy nor cause ! de/ruction ( any liv+ ?+4 #b;d4 ,?\ %alt n1 ei!r by fraud or viol5ce1 obta9 or keep t :i* belongs to ano!r4 #c;d4 ,?\ %all n lie c>nally ) any b prop] objects = ?y lu/4 #d?4 ,?\ %alt n attempt1 ei!r by ^w or action1 to lead o!rs to believe t :i* is n true4 #e?4 ,?\ %alt n become intoxicat$4 ,we mu* fe>1 t if ! comm&m5ts :i* nom9al ,*ri/ians obs]ve are contra/$ ) ^? kept by ! ,buddhi/s1 t ! =m] mu/ be reg>d$ z mu* l[] 9 ! scale ( religi\s civilization ?an ! latt]4 ,! ,siamese au?or next discusses ! "q1 h[ %all a man select t religion :i* he c tru/ to = 8 future happ9ess8 ,8 answ] is1 ,he mu/ reflect1 & apply 8 m9d to asc]ta9 :i* comes ne>e/ to tru?4 ,!n foll[ a few v true rem>ks ab\t ! difficulty ( %ak+ (f any fai? once adopt$--ab\t ! causes :i* det]m9e m5 to *ange _! belief1 &1 9 illu/ration ( ! difficulties1 ! au?or quotes a s]mon by ,buddha to ^? :o 7 9 d\bt1 & desir$ to select a "r religion4 ,& ! ,"l ,buddha answ]$1 ,y are "r to d\bt1 = x 0 a d\btful matt]4 ,i say unto all ( y1 d n believe 9 :at ye h he>d1 t is1 :5 y h he>d anyone say ?is is especially good or extremely bad2 d n reason ) y\rselves1 t if x _h n be5 true x w\ld n h be5 ass]t$1 & s believe 9 its tru?4 ,nei!r h fai? 9 traditions1 because !y h be5 h&$ d[n = _m g5]ations1 & 9 _m places4 ,d n believe 9 any?+ because x is rum\r$ & spok5 ( by _m2 d n ?9k t is a pro( ( its tru?4 ,d n believe m]ely because ! writt5 /atem5t ( "s old sage is produc$2 d n be sure t ! writ+ has ev] be5 revis$ by ! said sage1 or c be reli$ on4 ,d n believe 9 :at y h fanci$1 ?9k+ t1 because an idea is extraord9>y1 x mu/ h be5 implant$ by a ,deva1 or "s wond]ful be+4 ,d n believe 9 guesses1 t is1 assum+ some?+ at haphaz>d1 z a />t+ po9t1 & !n draw+ conclusions f x--reckon+ y\r two & y\r ?ree & y\r f\r be=e y h fix$ y\r numb] "o4 ,d n believe because y ?9k !re is an analogy1 t is1 a suitability 9 ?+s & occurr5ces--su* z believ+ t !re mu/ be walls ( ! _w because y see wat] 9 a bas91 or t ,m\nt ,m]u mu/ exi/ because y h se5 ! reflection ( trees1 or t !re mu/ be a creat+ god because h\ses & t[]s h build]s4 ,d n believe 9 ! tru? ( t to :i* y h become atta*$ by habit1 z e nation believes 9 ! sup]iority ( its own dress1 & ornam5ts1 & language4 ,d n believe because y\r in=mant appe>s to be a cr$ible p]son1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 y see anyone hav+ a v %>p appe>ance1 conclude t he mu/ be clev] & tru/wor?y3 or1 :5 y see anyone :o has p[]s & abilities beyond :at m5 g5]ally possess1 believe 9 :at he tells2 or ?9k t a great nobleman is to be believ$1 z he w\ld n be rais$ by ! k+ to high /ation unless he 7 a good man4 ,d n believe m]ely on ! au?ority ( y\r tea*]s & ma/]s1 or believe & practise m]ely because !y believe & practise4 ,i tell y all1 y mu/ ( y\rselves "k1 t '?is is evil1 ?is is puni%able1 ?is is c5sur$ by wise m51 belief 9 ?is w br+ no advantage to anyone1 b w cause sorr[2' & :5 y "k ?is1 !n es*ew x 7pp4 #de-dg74 ,!n foll[s a long acc\nt ( ! examples :i* ,buddha gave to 8 disciples1 exam9+ !m by que/ions1 ^: answ] is obvi\s2 b ^!1 ?\gh wond]fully to ! po9t1 are too long = quotation1 & we mu/ ref] our read]s to ! book itself4 ,nor d we act ?us1 reluctantly1 = we believe t e hone/ inquir] w ?ank u = ! introduction4 ,we %\ld rejoice if "s ( our div9es became acqua9t$ ) x4 ,!y might draw z _m valuable texts f ! disc\rses attribut$ to ,buddha1 h]e9 describ$1 z !y d n[ f ,jesus' s]mon on ! m\nt4 ,we may add1 9 pass+1 t1 9 ! conv]sation ( ,sakya ,muni1 he says1 x is bett] to believe 9 a future life1 9 :i* happ9ess or mis]y c be felt1 = if ! he>t believes !re91 x w ab&on s9 & act virtu\sly2 & ev5 if !re is no resurrection1 su* a life w br+ a good "n & ! reg>d ( m54 ,b ^? :o believe 9 ext9ction at dea?1 w n fail to commit any s9 t !y may *oose1 because ( _! disbelief 9 a future2 & if !re %\ld happ5 to be a future aft] all1 !y w be at a disadvantage--!y w be l travell]s )\t provisions 7p4 #ed74 ,! foll[+ exposition ( mod]n ,buddhi/ belief well des]ves att5tion4 ,buddhi/s believe t e act1 ^w1 or ?\ght1 has its consequ5ce1 :i* w appe> soon] or lat] 9 ! pres5t1 or 9 "s future /ate4 ,evil acts w produce evil consequ5ces1 i4e41 may cause a man mis=tune 9 ?is _w1 or an evil bir? 9 hell1 or z an animal 9 "s future exi/5ce4 ,good acts1 etc41 w produce good consequ5ces2 prosp]ity 9 ?is _w1 or bir? 9 heav51 or 9 a high position 9 ! _w 9 "s future /ate 7p4 #eg74 ,we w only add1 t if ! value ( ,buddhism1 l ,*ri/ianity1 is to be kn[n by its fruits1 x is cle>1 t ! =m]1 z practis$ g5]ally 9 ,siam1 is decid$ly sup]ior to ! latt] z practis$ 9 ,great ,brita91 ,am]ica1 & ,*ri/5dom1 g5]ally4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,priority ( ,buddhism to ,*ri/ianity4 ,/range assumptions4 ,:5 0 ,india fir/ kn[n to ,*ri/ians8 ,?omas ! ,apo/le1 ,:5 ,asceticism 0 introduc$ into ,*ri/ianity4 ,results ( inquiry into ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into ,india4 ,t>%i% & ,ceylon4 ,peacocks kn[n z ! ,p]sian birds to ! ,greeks1 temp4 ,ari/ophanes4 ,indian elephants 9 army ( ,d>ius4 ,roman traffic ) ,india1 b4c4 #cj4 ,buddhi/ mission>ies4 ,! gift ( tongues4 ,rise ( ,asceticism 9 ,we/]n ,asia4 ,ess5es aga94 ,collection ( ,buddhi/ writ+s1 #dej b4c4 ,deg5]acy ( orig9al ,fai?4 ,mission>ies f ,*9a to ,h9do/an 9 se>* ( ,buddhi/ works & k4 ,travels ( ,fah ,hian1 _! exp]i5ce & rem>ks4 ,quotations f _! writ+s4 ,footpr9ts ( ,buddha & ,pet]4 ,immaculate conception ( ,sakya4 ,old ,simeon--a repetition4 ,wise m5 f ! ,ea/4 ,/4 ,ursula4 ,?ree ,buddhi/ c\ncils to compile scriptures4 ,buddhism laps$ into image-wor%ip & processions4 ,progress ( ! pilgrims4 ,return by sea4 ,d$uctions4 ,developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity & ,asceticism4 ,obs]vations ab\t travell+4 ,conclusions4 ,) ! usual p]t9acity ( ,engli%m51 !re are _m dev\t individuals :o1 on f9d+ t ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity v closely resemble ea* o!r1 assev]ate1 ) all ! vehem5ce ( an assum$ or?odoxy1 t ! fir/ has proce$$ f ! second4 ,nor c ! absurdity ( attempt+ to prove t ! future mu/ prec$e ! pa/ det] !m f decl>+ t ,buddhism 0 promulgat$ orig9ally by ,*ri/ian mission>ies f ,judea1 & !n became det]iorat$ by ,brahm9ical & o!r fancies6 ,x is really difficult1 sometimes1 to discov] :at are ! real t5ets ( ! ob/9ate or?odox to :om we ref]2 b1 s f> z we c le>n f ! "* ( _! opposition1 x w\ld appe> t !y d n d5y ! exi/5ce ( su* a man z ,sakya ,muni1 to :om 8 foll[]s gave ! "n ( ,buddha4 ,j 9 ! same way1 we may add1 z 8 foll[]s gave ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,b5 ,pan!r4 ,:il/ all[+ t ,sidd>?a f\nd$ a new religion1 ! or?odox ass]t t all its bad p>ts are human1 :il/ all its good p>ts consi/ ( doctr9es tack$ on to ! orig9al1 aft] ,*ri/ianity _h be5 introduc$ into ,india1 by "o or m ( ,jesus' apo/les or disciples4 ,if1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 we accord to su* cavill]s ! position ( reasonable be+s1 & ask !m to give u "s pro( ( ! ass]tion1 t e>ly ,*ri/ian p w5t to ,h9do/an & prea*$ ! gospel !re2 or ev5 to po9t out1 9 hi/ory1 valid pro(s t ,india 0 kn[n to a s+le apo/le1 we f9d t !y h no?+ to say beyond ! vague/ gossip4 ,:at ! te/imony is we may f9d by turn+ to ! article ,?omas1 9 ,kitto's ,cyclopo$ia ( ,biblical ,lit]ature1 :i* 0 writt5 by a le>n$ pr(essor ( ,gott+54 ,!re9 we see1 & ! /atem5t is amply v\*$ by quotation f au?orities1 t ! ,apo/le 9 "q is said to h prea*$ ! gospel 9 ,p>?ia & 9 ,p]sia1 & to h be5 buri$ 9 ,edessa2 & t1 accord+ to a lat] tradition1 ,?omas w5t to ,india1 & suff]$ m>tyrdom !re4 ,!n foll[s a /atem5t t ?is acc\nt has be5 assail$1 c4 ,simil> traditions are m5tion$ by ,dean ,/anley 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible ) ! addition t x is n[ believ$ t ! ,?omas ( ,malab> ,*ri/ian fame 0 a ,ne/orian mission>y4 ,eusebius writes1 book v41 *4 #aj1 speak+ ( ,panta5us1 ab\t a4d4 #aij--;,he is said to h display$ su* ard\r444 t he 0 con/itut$ a h]ald ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/ to ! nations ( ! ,ea/1 & advanc$ ev5 z f> z ,india2 & ! report is1 t he !re f\nd 8 own arrival anticipat$ by "s :o 7 acqua9t$ ) ! gospel ( ,mat!w1 to :om ,b>?olomew1 "o ( ! ,apo/les1 _h prea*$1 & _h left !m ! gospel ( ,mat!w 9 ! ,hebrew1 :i* 0 also pres]v$ unto ?is "t4 ,panta5us became f9ally ! head ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool4 ,su* a piece ( gossip no hi/orian c tru/ = a mom5t4 ,socrates1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ab\t a4d4 #dbj1 writes1 ,we mu/ n[ m5tion by :at means ! pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ext5d$ 9 ,con/ant9e's reign1 = x 0 9 8 "t t ! nations1 bo? ( ! ,indians 9 ! int]ior1 & ! ,ib]ians1 fir/ embrac$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,b x may be ne$ful briefly to expla9 :y ! expression 9 ! int]ior is app5d$4 ,:5 ! apo/les w5t =? by lot among/ ! nations1 ,?omas receiv$ ! apo/le%ip ( ! ,p>?ians4 ,mat!w 0 allott$ ,e?iopia1 & ,b>?olomew ! "p ( ,india contigu\s to t c\ntry2 b ! int]ior ( ,india1 :i* 0 inhabit$ by _m b>b>\s nations1 us+ diff]5t languages1 0 n enlight5$ by ,*ri/ian doctr9e be=e ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 ab\t #cbj ,a4,d4 ,!n foll[s a /ory ( a ,tynan philosoph]1 :o1 ) two y\?s1 took %ip1 & arriv$ some:]e 9 ,india1 j aft] ! violation ( a treaty betwe5 t c\ntry & ! ,romans4 ,ev]yone 9 ! %ip 0 kill$ b ! two lads1 :o1 be+ "y1 7 s5t z a pres5t to ! ,indian k+4 ,"o became a cupbe>]1 ! o!r ! royal record]4 ,! k+ di$1 free+ ! y\?s1 & ! que51 left ) a "y son1 made ! /rang]s 8 tutors1 or reg5ts4 ,"o1 :o 0 ! highe/1 !n began to inquire :e!r1 among/ ! ,roman m]*ants traffick+ ) t c\ntry1 !re 7 any ,*ri/ians to be f\nd4 ,hav+ discov]$ "s1 he induc$ !m to select a place = wor%ip1 & he subsequ5tly built a *ur*1 into :i* he admitt$ "s ,indians1 aft] previ\s in/ruction4 ,! o!r y\? comes back to ,tyre1 & !n ! reg5t comes to ,alex&ria1 talks to ,a?anasius1 & begs him to s5d a bi%op & cl]gy to ! place he has left1 to :i* no "n is giv54 ,to ! latt] y\? ,frum5tius1 ord9ation is giv51 & he returns to ,india to prea*1 to p]=m miracles1 & build oratories1 --,greek--4 ,! hi/orian1 adds ,ruf9us1 assures u t he he>d ^! facts f ! =m] k+'s cupbe>]1 ,edesius1 :o 0 aft]w>ds induct$ into ! sacr$ (fice at ,tyre4 ,we may next quote ! ,epitome ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,philo/orgius 7:o wrote ab\t ,a4,d4 #dbe71 compil$ by ,photius1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,!re9 we may obs]ve h[ completely ! fir/ contradicts ,socrates z be=e quot$1 & may also inf] ! reason :y4 ,9 book ii41 *4 #f1 ! words run1 ,! impi\s ,philo/orgius relates1 t ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,c5tral ,india1 :o 7 conv]t$ to ! fai? ( ,*ri/ by ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 believe t ! son is n ( ! same sub/ance ) ! fa!r4 ,he adds t ,!ophilus1 ! ,indian :o _h embrac$ ?is op9ion1 came to !m & deliv]$ x to !m z a doctr9e2 & also t ^! ,indians are n[ call$ ,hom]itae1 in/ead ( _! old "n1 ,sabaeans1 :i* !y receiv$ f ! city ( ,saba1 ! *ief city ( ! :ole nation4 ,?is leads me to d\bt v /rongly :e!r ! ecclesia/ical writ]s 9 e>ly days did n gr\p1 "u ! "n ( ,india1 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 & ,beloo*i/an4 ,sozom51 writ+ ab\t ! p]iod ( #cbe ,a4,d41 says1 book ii1 *4 #bd1 ,we h he>d t ab\t ?is p]iod "s ( ! mo/ di/ant ( ! nations t we call ,indian1 to :om ! prea*+ ( ,b>?olomew 0 unkn[n1 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity by ,frum5tius1 a prie/4 ,!n foll[s an enl>g$ edition ( ! leg5d told by ,socrates1 & ! words1 x is said t ,frum5tius dis*>g$ 8 prie/ly functions s admirably t he became an object ( univ]sal admiration4 ,!odoret1 writ+ ab\t #dbj ,a4,d41 places ! conv]sion ( ! ,indians ab\t #cbh ,a4,d41 & gives sub/antially ! same acc\nt z ! prec$+ writ]s :om we h quot$4 ,we w n1 h[ev]1 cont5t ourselves ) ?is %ort notice1 b w fir/ inquire :e!r1 if ! acc\nts ( ! e>li] report]s1 ,eusebius1 ,socrates1 ,clem5t1 & ,ruf9us1 :o wrote ab\t a4d4 #cbj1 #cij1 #aij1 & #cgj1 are n to be tru/$1 we c believe ! /ories ( ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,ambrose1 ,j]ome1 ,nicephorus1 & ,abdias1 :o wrote ab\t a4d4 #chj1 #chj1 #djj1 #hae1 & #iaj respectively4 ,if we believe "o set ( ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 t ,?omas ! apo/le di$ 9 ,syria1 we _c cr$it a set ( ,*ri/ian sons1 :o affirm t he 0 m>tyr$ 9 ,india4 ,b--& ! po9t is an important "o--we c see reason :y ! *ildr5 %\ld inv5t an acc\nt ( :i* ! p>5ts saw n ! necessity4 ,ab\t ! p]iod ( ,gregory ,nazianz5 arose t asceticism :i* s5t ,simeon ,/ylites ^u ! top ( 8 pill> 9 a4d4 #cid1 & kept him !re = ! re/ ( 8 life1 & t peopl$ ! ,!baid ) h]mits ( ! mo/ approv$ ,buddhi/ ord]--celibates %unn+ luxury1 & cultivat+ fil?9ess ( ! out] to cleanse ! inn] man4 ,! way 9 :i* ! orig9al fai?1 prea*$ by ,jesus & modifi$ by ,paul1 0 di/ort$ dur+ ! fir/ few c5turies 9 ,egypt c only be rationally acc\nt$ = by a spread ( ,buddhi/ doctr9es by ,indian mission>ies1 or promulgat$ by ,*ri/ian m]*ants1 :o _h travell$ to ! ,indies1 & modifi$ _! orig9al fai? by :at !y saw & he>d f ! foll[]s ( ! great ,sramana2 & x 0 natural = ! ,alex&rian ,*ri/ians to adopt ! modifications ref]r$ to1 & to /amp ! innovations ) ! ass]tion t !y 7 apo/olic reflections--rays ( div9e light fall+ f ! sun ( righte\sness ^u ! m9d ( ! bless$ ,sa9t ,somebody1 ,?omas1 = ?is purpose1 be+ a "n :i* answ]$ z well z any o!r4 ,!re is positively no evid5ce :atev]--except "s apocryphal ,jesuit /ories ab\t c]ta9 disciples ( ,jesus1 f\nd by ,papal mission>ies at ,malab>--t any disciple ( ,m>y's son ev] proce$$ to ,h9do/an to prea* ! gospel dur+ ! fir/ c5turies ( our era4 ,^? :o "k ! hi/ory ( ! ,decretals1 & ( ,pre/] ,john1 c readily e/imate ! value ( tales told by ,jesuits 9 ,india1 :]e !re 0 n at ! "t anyone to te/ _! v]acity4 ,be+ myself desir\s ( asc]ta9+ :at evid5ce really exi/s--or exi/$ 9 ! times ( anci5t au?ors1 ^: works h come d[n to u--( ! k ( ,india by ,europeans 9 days gone by1 ,i in/itut$ an inquiry1 ) ! det]m9ation to be imp>tial4 ,! results obta9$ 7 ! foll[+3-- ,! only reason = believ+ t ,h9do/an & ,ceylon 7 kn[n to ! ,pho5icians is a %ort passage 9 ! ,biblical ,hi/ory ( ,solomon1 9 :i* we are told t aft] a ?ree ye>s' abs5ce1 ,hiram's ,tyrian sailors return$ f ,t>%i%1 br++ :at our translators call ivory1 apes1 & peacocks4 ,! words 9 ! ,hebrew orig9al are said by ,t5nant to be all b id5tical ) ^? 9 use 9 ,ceylon at ! pres5t date4 ,= a full acc\nt ( ! probable id5tity ( ! ,t>%i% 9 ! passage allud$ to & ,galle1 see ,em]son ,t5nant's ,hi/ory ( ,ceylon4 ,yet1 if we grant t ! ,tyrian %ipm5 trad$ to ,india1 we are b\nd to confess t ! k :i* !y acquir$ di$ ) !m2 nor did _! successors1 ! ,greeks1 "k any?+ di/9ctly ab\t ,h9do/an prior to ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,9 ! ,biblical /ory ( ,e/h] we are told1 i4 #a1 viii4 #i1 t a ,p]sian k+ reign$ f ,india to ,e?iopia1 ! ,hebrew ^w = ! =m] be+ ,hodoo1 suppos$ to be a =m ( h&oo1 or h9doo2 ,pehlevi1 h5do2 ,z5d1 he&o2 ,sanscrit1 ,s9dhu 7,fu]/1 s4v471 equival5t to ! ,greek ,indikee1 or ! c\ntry ( ! ,indus4 ,we f9d reason to believe t ! ,india ( ,artax]xes 0 a portion ( ,h9do/an--fir/1 because ! ,p]sian mon>* _h ,indian soldi]s 9 8 army1 & elephants1 :5 he f\ght ) ,alex&]2 & secondly1 because ! peacock1 a bird ( ,ceylon1 0 kn[n to ! ,greeks1 9 ! "t ( ,ari/ophanes1 z ! ,p]sian bird4 ,t ! ,p]sians trad$ ) ,nor!rn ,india we inf]1 f ! acc\nt :i* ,appian gives u ( ! advance ea/w>d ( ,alex&]1 aft] 8 victory at ,arbela4 ,b ! :ole /ory ( ! ,grecian w>rior's advance into ! ,punjaub & d[n ! ,indus1 conta9s1 9 itself1 tol]ably cle> pro( t ,h9do/an 0 v little kn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,( a subsequ5t invasion ( ,india by ,alex&]'s successor1 ,seleucus ,nicator2 ( ! mission ( ,mega/h5es to ,s&racottus1 ! gr&fa!r ( ,asoka1 ! ,buddhi/ ,con/ant9e2 ( ! navigation ( ! ,grecian %ip d[n ! ,indus1 & ! subsequ5t traffic by l& & sea betwe5 ! ,greeks & ! ,h9doos1 we ne$ n say m ?an t ,augu/us1 b4c4 #cj1 regulat$ ! trade to ,h9do/an1 via ,alex&ria1 & t1 at ! "t ( ,pl9y ! eld]1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #fj1 voyages 7 be+ made to ,india e ye>1 companies ( ar*]s be+ c>ri$ on bo>d ! vessels to protect !m f pirates4 ,we le>n also t a twelvemon? did n elapse )\t a dra9 ^u ! ,roman ,empire ( ab\t "o million & a-half /]l+ = ,india1 9 ex*ange = ,h9doo w>es 7book vi41 *4 #bf74 ,at ! p]iod ,pl9y ref]s to1 & = a long "t previ\sly1 !re c be no pret5ce t any ( ,jesus' apo/les accompani$ trad]s to ,h9do/an1 = e "o ( !m 7 employ$ ne>] home4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we may inquire into ! possibility & ! reasonabl5ess ( ,buddhi/ mission>ies travell+ we/w>d 9 ! c\rse ( ,alex&rian traffic1 or ( ! c>avans :i*1 we h gr\nds = believ+1 came ?r\gh ,p]sia to ! ,roman ,empire4 ,on turn+ to ,ori5tal lit]ature1 we f9d t ! (t5-m5tion$ ,k+ ,asoka adopt$ ,buddhism z ! religion ( 8 empire ab\t b4c4 #bej1 & t1 9 8 "t1 mission>ies c>ri$ t fai? successfully to ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ,h9do/an--to ,burmah1 to ,ceylon1 to ,japan1 to ,?ibet1 & to ,*9a4 ,! envoys c>ri$ ) !m1 9 "s in/ances1 writt5 books1 9 o!rs1 _! guide 0 oral tradition4 ,:]ev] !y w5t !y bore a biography ( ,sakya--or ,buddha--acc\nts ( miracles t he _h p]=m$1 & a summ>y1 m or less ext5d$1 ( 8 prea*+ or doctr9es4 ,?is disp]sion ( ,h9doo envoys 0 ab\t fifty ye>s lat] ?an ! mission ( ! ,greek ,mega/h5es to ! c\rt ( ,asoka's gr&fa!r1 & x is q z probable t ,buddhi/ prea*]s w5t to enlight5 :at !y imag9$ to be ! b5ight$1 & :at !y knew to be ! !n defeat$ ,grecians1 z t !y w5t ov] frightful m\nta9s & /ormy seas to ,?ibet1 ,*9a1 & ,japan4 ,we may pr(itably pause = a mom5t "h1 to contemplate t :i* ,i at "o "t believ$ to be ! mo/ wond]ful ( all ! miracles record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 viz41 ! gift ( tongues4 ,! ref]5ces to ?is :i* we meet ) 9 ! epi/les ( ! apo/le ,paul might lead to ! supposition1 t "s :o _h ?is gift spoke m]e gibb]i%--some?+ :i* 0 n1 ei!r 9 int5tion or 9 reality1 an utt]ance 9 a =eign language2 b ! /ory ( ! orig9al imp>t+ ( p[] to speak 9 a previ\sly unkn[n tongue involves ! idea1 t ! disciples _h1 on ! occasion ref]r$ to1 a faculty giv5 to !m1 by :i* !y knew ! languages us$ by v>i\s nationalities1 )\t ! tr\ble ( le>n+ !m4 ,_m div9es h held t su* ability 0 absolutely necess>y to ^? :o _h to g =? to tea* all nations ! doctr9es ( ! gospel ,i am q aw>e t1 h[ev] e>ne/ ,i might be to propagate tru?1 ,i c\ld n g1 ) advantage1 to prea* 9 ,russia1 because ,i "k no?+ ( its language4 ,d\bt 9 ! reality ( ! miracle record$ 9 ,acts ii4 0 n born until ,i f\nd t ,buddhi/ mission>ies w5t out into di/ant l&s1 :]e _! own tongue 0 unkn[n1 & yet made conv]ts4 ,:5 once ,i felt dubi\s z reg>ds ! v]acity ( ! hi/orian1 ,i began to notice :at ! apo/les g5]ally did :5 !y w5t to a new c\ntry or t[n4 ,_! practice seems to h be5 to h visit$ synagogues ( ! ,jews liv+ on ! spot--& able1 if !y *ose1 to be int]pret]s--or1 :]e !re 7 su* e/abli%m5ts1 ! s*ools 7 visit$1 :]e ! /ud5ts & ! ma/]s und]/ood ,greek4 ,9 ! "t ( ,paul ! language ( ! ,hell5es 0 spok5 by ,romans ( high position1 mu* z ,fr5* 0 spok5 at ! c\rt ( ,fr$]ic ! ,great ( ,prussia1 & z ,g]man is at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! ,apo/le seems to h spok5 ,greek readily1 & :5 he c\ld use t tongue or ! ,hebrew he 0 flu5t4 ,i h s\ght 9 va9 = evid5ce t ei!r ,paul or any ( ! ,apo/les ev] address$ a =eign mob1 ^: language 0 nei!r ,greek nor ,hebrew4 ,a /udy ( ! n9ete5? *apt] ( ! ,acts w %[ ?is--especially1 we mu/ notice ! end ( ! t5? v]se1 :]e we are told t all :o dwelt 9 ,asia he>d ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 bo? ,jews & ,greeks4 ,:5 di/urbance occurr$ 9 ! !atre1 ,paul 0 n ! orator put =w>d to appease ! p--he probably c\ld n speak _! patois4 ,yet he tells u1 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #ah1 t he spoke ) tongues m ?an 8 fell[s499 99 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce among/ ecclesia/ical writ]s respect+ :at is call$ ! gift ( tongues4 ,! difficulty arises ma9ly f ! desire to reconcile ! true ) ! absurd4 ,/>t+ f ! po9t t all scripture is writt5 by inspiration ( ,god1 ! or?odox are oblig$ to receive ! acc\nt n>rat$ 9 ,acts ii4 z be+ lit]ally correct4 ,9 pla9 language1 ! /ory runs ?us3--,! ,apo/les1 twelve 9 numb]1 7 sitt+ 9 a room4 ,:il/ !re1 a noise 0 he>d1 & some?+ l fi]y tongues1 m or less split1 appe>$1 & "o settl$ ^u ea* ( ! company4 ,^! all1 at once1 began to speak 9 languages :i* 7 /range to all4 ,f ! noise made1 neighb\rs _h _! att5tion call$1 & f "o m\? to ano!r ! tid+s ( ! rant+ ran1 until x rea*$ ! e>s ( dev\t m51 :o1 f e nation "u heav51 7 !n assembl$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,:e!r ^! =eign]s 7 ,hebrews1 or :e!r !y1 be+ /rang]s1 _h ! gift ( und]/&+ ! reports c\*$ 9 ,aramaic1 we d n "k4 ,b x is n>rat$ t1 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes--possibly an h\r or two--! dev\t /rang]s came to li/5 to ! ,apo/les1 ei!r speak+ s+ly or at once4 ,z ^! =eign]s notic$ :at 0 said1 !y recogniz$ words 9 _! own respective dialects1 & !n ! ,p>?ian said to ! ,m$e--! ,elamite to ! ,mesopotamian--! ,phrygian to ! ,pamphyliaji1 c41 ,:at does all ?is mean8 ,s to int]*ange a "q involves t ! int]locutors1 l ! ,apo/les1 _h sudd5ly receiv$ ! gift ( speak+1 & und]/&+1 o!r tongues ?an _! own4 ,:5 ! li/5]s _h conv9c$ !mselves ab\t ! m>vel1 ea* began to talk 9 8 own language1 & ! ,jews und]/ood !m to say1 ,:at meane? ?is8 ! ,hebrews1 l ! re/1 hav+ also ! gift ( kn[+ :at 0 said 9 a /range language4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 _h n ?is p[] ( int]pretation1 & rem>k$1 ! fell[s are drunk6 ,= a mom5t we pause to inquire h[ _m p !re 7 9 "o room ( "o h\se4 ,! ,apo/les 7 twelve2 !n !re 71 at lea/ ?ree1 ,p>?ians1 ,m$es1 c41 9 all ab\t =ty-five m1 & 9 addition1 !re 7 ! mock]s4 ,to all ^! ,pet] prea*$1 & ! wond]s ( ! day 7 cr[n$ by ! conv]sion ( ?ree ?\s& p6 ,x seems1 !re=e1 to be cle>1 f ! acc\nt ( ?is extraord9>y miracle1 t ! ,apo/les !n ga!r$ toge!r acquir$ ! p[] ( express+ _! ?\ghts 9 languages :i* !y _h nev] le>n$1 ! judges ( ! feat be+ ^? ^: dialects 7 spok54 ,if we n[ proce$ 9 biblical ord] to exam9e into ! ideas connect$ ) ?is /range faculty1 we f9d1 9 ,acts x4 #dd-df1 t ! circumcis$ ,jews alone 7 satisfi$1 9 ! pl5itude ( _! own ignorance1 t ,cornelius & 8 company c\ld speak ) tongues4 ,aga91 9 ,acts xix4 #f1 we le>n t c]ta9 ,ephesians1 aft] baptism1 & imposition ( h&s1 spake ) tongues --no judge ( ! fact be+ quot$4 ,9 #a ,cor4 xii4 #aj1 we discov] t among/ ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s are k9ds ( tongues1 & ! int]pretation !re( :i* w1 probably1 rem9d ! lov] ( ,%akespe>e ( ,act iv4 ,sc5es #a & #c1 9 ,all's well t ends well1 :]e9 !re is a nons5sical j>gon spok5 by "o p]son :i* ano!r int]prets to ! satisfaction ( ! silly ,p>olles4 ,9 vv #bh1 #cj1 we see /rong indications t ! gift ( tongues & int]pretation may be comp>$ to "s ?+s n[ he>d ( 9 spirituali/ic or o!r conjur+ seances4 ,?is notion ( speak+ ) o!r tongues rea*es its climax1 app>5tly1 9 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #a1 :]e9 ,paul indicates1 b does n positively ass]t1 t he c speak ) ! tongues ( m5 & angels1 a boa/ :i* #b ,cor4 xii4 #d leads u to take lit]ally4 ,b h[ any "o on e>? c\ld te/ ! reality ( ass]tion x is difficult to conceive4 ,9 #a ,cor4 xiv4 we see indications t speak+ ) tongues is little m or less ?an a sort ( hy/]ical utt]ance ( gibb]i%1 :i* we may comp>e to ! once celebrat$ *orus ( ,lilli-bull]o-l]o-l]o-,lillibull]o bull5 a la4 ,"o may n[ ask1 ,:y did p ?9k t x 0 "p ( ! ,*ri/ian's privileges or p[]s to speak ) tongues8 ,! only answ] :i* ,i c discov] is indicat$ 9 ,acts ii4 #ah1 :]e9 we f9d x giv5 z ! op9ion ( ,pet]1 t a c]ta9 vatic9ation 9 ,joel appli$ to ! foll[]s ( ,jesus4 ,! philosoph] may wond] at ! ignorance--possibly at ! k--:i* conf\nd$ prophesy+ ) ! utt]ance ( un9telligible rubbi%2 b ! philologi/ %\ld be l$ to inve/igate m /rictly ! real signification ( words1 & to inquire into ! !ories :i* are traceable to false int]pretations4 ,consid]ations su* z ^!1 :i* might be multipli$ indef9itely1 ,i h come to ! belief t ! ,apo/les ( ,jesus 7 no bett]1 z reg>ds _! k ( =eign tongues1 ?an _! pr$ecessors1 ! mission>ies s5t by ,asoka1 or ?an ! mod]n envoys s5t out by a ,london ,society4 ,:at r5d]s x probable t ,buddhi/ ascetics f\nd _! way1 probably among/ ! camp foll[]s ( ,antio*us ! ,great1 & endeav\r$ to promulgate _! doctr9es 9 we/]n ,asia1 is ! fact t a sect sprang up among/ ! ,jews aft] ! ,grecian conque/ ( ,pale/9e--call$ ,! ,ess5es1 to :i* we h be=e ref]r$1 among/ ^: t5ets ,buddhism & ,judaism 7 closely m+l$ ,! asceticism practis$ by ?is sect 01 s f> z we "k1 diff]5t to any?+ kn[n at t "t 9 ,greece or ,we/]n ,asia1 & z x came into fa%ion at ! same "t 9 ,pale/9e z ,indian elephants & ,h9doo ,mah\ts1 !re is "s reason = ! belief t x 0 br\ght by disciples ( ,sidd>?a4 ,)\t dwell+ ^u ?is aga91 we return to ! well asc]ta9$ fact t ,buddhism 0 promulgat$ mo/ widely 9 ,ea/]n & ,nor!rn ,asia ab\t #bej b4c41 t a collection ( religi\s books 0 made ab\t two hundr$ ye>s prior to t date1 & t ^! 7 revis$ aga9 dur+ ,asoka's reign4 ,b1 h[ev] e>ne/ 7 ! tea*]s & ! taught1 ! scriptures :i* !y respect$ 7 s volum9\s & ! facilities = multiply+ !m 7 s small1 t x happ5$1 z x did among/ e>ly ,*ri/ians1 t _m a *ur* _h no writt5 book ( ! law4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 "o "p or ano!r ( ,sakya's doctr9es became exalt$ unduly 9 "o locality1 :il/ 9 ano!r a portion 0 left out ( sight4 ,/ories1 also1 ( miracles became v>i$1 j z we f9d t !y h be5 by ! writ]s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! t5d5cy be+1 z 9 ! hi/ory ( ! bl9d man ne> ,j]i*o1 to exagg]ate ! wond]--= example1 ,m>k & ,luke1 *ap4 x4 & xviii1 give an acc\nt ( "o man be+ cur$ ( bl9dness1 :il/ ,mat!w1 *ap1 xx41 tells u t !re 7 two4 ,! n>rators "u su* circum/ances act z if !y ?\ght t x is z easy = a div9ity to heal two or two ?\s& z to cure "o1 & we :o tol]ate ! practice 9 a ,*ri/ian evangeli/ mu/ n ridicule x 9 ,buddhi/ disciples4 ,:5 we contemplate ! confusion t exi/$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*--! gradual det]ioration ( ! fai? taught by ,jesus1 & m especially by ,paul1 & ! /eady absorption ( ,pagan rites into ! wor%ip inaugurat$ by ,pet] & ! o!r apo/les1 we c readily und]/& t 9 ! c\rse ( six or sev5 hundr$ ye>s !re w\ld be reason 9 c\ntries di/ant f ! home ( ,sidd>?a to deplore ! gradual decad5ce ( ,buddhism1 & a desire among/ ! dev\t = tuition at ! f\nta9-head4 ,9 mod]n times we h read ( hi]>*s com+ f ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? to consult ! ,roman ,pontiff ^u po9ts ( discipl9e affect+ ! *ur*1 & we !re=e see )\t surprise t1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #djj1 six hundr$ ye>s aft] x _h be5 plant$1 ! congregation ( ,buddhi/s 9 ,*9a _h )9 x m5 :o det]m9$ to g to ,india1 & br+ back to _! fell[-wor%ipp]s :at !y hop$ w\ld be a pur] doctr9e ?an t :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to1 &1 if possible1 to secure au!ntic books4 ,pilgrimage1 ) ?is object1 _c be reg>d$ z be+ s absurd z t :i* has 9 mod]n days tak5 numb]s ( ,*ri/ians to ,l\rdes1 9 ! ,pyr5ees1 or to ,/4 ,p>ay-le-,monial4 ,ere we describe ?is ,*9ese se>* aft] tru?1 let u imag9e a ,*ri/ian f ,c5tral ,russia det]m9+ to seek = enlight5m5t at ,antio* ab\t a4d4 #fdj1 & subsequ5tly at ! sev5 *ur*es nam$ 9 ! ,apocalypse--& aft]w>ds writ+ 8 exp]i5ce4 ,we %\ld be c]ta9 to f9d him bewail+ ! fall ( ,*ri/ianity & ! rise ( ,islam4 ,we may inde$ affirm t if su* a hi/ory 0 n[ to be discov]$ undat$1 we %\ld reg>d x z hav+ be5 writt5 be=e or aft] ! date nam$1 accord+ z ! *ur*es 7 describ$ z be+ ! seat ( ,mahomm$ism or ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,/ill fur!r1 if 9 e place :i* ?is travell] visit$1 he f\nd a g5]al belief 9 ! /ories told ( ,jesus & 9 ! efficacy ( 8 doctr9e1 we %\ld consid] ?is z pro( t ! p rema9$ fai?ful to _! e>ly tea*+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! w&]] f\nd himself proscrib$ 9 any locality z a b5ight$ hea!n1 )\t k ( ! way ( salvation--he w\ld naturally ?9k t a tea*] _h giv5 to its inhabitants in/ruction diff]5t f t :i* 0 famili> to him4 ,i d n exagg]ate :5 ,i say t a g5u9e acc\nt ( ! travels 9 se>* ( s\nd ,*ri/ian doctr9e ?r\gh e "p ( ,europe 9 ! fif? c5tury ( our era1 w\ld be invaluable z an indication ( ! t5ure ( c]ta9 doctr9es1 n only 9 v>i\s localities1 b z to ! exi/5ce or ! rev]se ( dogmas n[ reg>d$ z ( supreme importance4 ,su* a manuscript1 :i*1 h[ev]1 relates to ,buddhism & n to ,*ri/ianity1 exi/s 9 ,*9a1 & x has lately be5 translat$ into ,engli% ,travels ( ,fah-,hian & ,sung-,yun1 ,buddhi/ ,pilgrims f ,*9a to ,india1 #djj a4d4 & #eah a4d41 translat$ f ! ,*9ese by ,samuel ,bea4 7,truebn] ,co41 ,london1 #ahfi47 ,x tells u1 9 a s+ul>ly t]se /yle1 h[ a l>ge portion ( ,*9a 0 trav]s$ by ^! pilgrims2--( ! t]rible j\rney ov] ! m\nta9s to ! nor? ( ,h9du/an2 ( a visit to ! bir?-place ( ,sidd>?a2 to ,b5>es1 to ,calcutta1 & to ,ceylon2--) an acc\nt ( ! return voyage 9 a good-siz$ %ip back aga9 to ,*9a4 ,ev]y:]e1 ) "o s+le exception1 !y f9d ! law ( ,buddha prevail+4 ,! place ref]r$ to z exceptional is ,yopoti1 ,java1 ( :i* x is said3 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 h]etics & ,brahm9s fl\ri%2 b ! law ( ,buddha is n mu* kn[n 7p4 #afh74 ,9 e o!r spot :i* !y visit ! ,*9ese w&]]s speak applaud+ly ( ! hold :i* ! religion ( ,sidd>?a has ^u ! p1 & ! exempl>y conduct ( ! fai?ful4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! j\rney to ! end1 ! enquir]s appe> always to h f\nd ! same =m ( fai? :i* _h be5 prea*$ 9 _! own c\ntry six hundr$ ye>s be=e4 ,! mo/ c>eful inve/igator fails to f9d a %ad[ ( ^? doctr9es 9 :i* ! tea*+ ( ,jesus diff]s f t ( ,sakya4 ,!re is n any allusion made to an imp5d+ dissolution ( ! _w1 to baptism1 or to any sacram5t2 e rem>k relates to ! ess5tials ( ,buddhism z kn[n 9 ea* place :]e ,europeans h be5 able to p]use ! au?oriz$ ,buddhi/ scriptures4 ,we may n[ quote "s passages be>+ on important po9ts4 ,ab\t ! s\rces ( ! ,indus3 ,all ! prie/s ask$ ,fah-,hian :at he knew z to ! "t :5 ! law ( ,buddha began to spread ea/w>d f _! c\ntry4 ,hian repli$1 ,on enquiry1 m5 ( ^? l&s agre$ 9 say+ t1 accord+ to an anci5t tradition1 ,%amans f ,india began to c>ry ! sacr$ books ( ,buddha beyond ! riv]1 f ! "t :5 ! image ( ,maitreya ,bodhisatwa 0 set up4 ,?is image 0 set up ?ree hundr$ ye>s or s aft] ! ,nirvana ( ,buddha 7ab\t ,b4,c4 #bdc--or1 accord+ to "s e/imates1 ,b4,c4 #agg71 :i* corresponds ) ! "t ( ,p+wang ( ! ,*an family 7b4c4 #ggj--! ,*9ese date ( ,buddha's ,nirvana be+ diff]5t f t :i* is usually receiv$ 9 ,india47 ,h5ce x may be said t ! diffusion ( ! great doctr9e c be attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ?is image4 ,=1 ap>t f ! p[] ( ! div9e tea*] ,mait-reya1 :o foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,sakya1 :o w\ld h be5 suffici5t to cause ! k ( ! ?ree preci\s ones to be spread s f>1 t ev5 m5 on ! outskirts ( ! _w acquir$ t k8 ,we may conclude1 !re=e1 ) c]ta9ty1 t ! orig9 ( ?is diffusion ( ! law ( ,buddha 0 no human "w1 b sprung f ! same cause z ! dream ( ,m+ ,ti 7pp4 #bc-be74 ,! ?ree preci\s ones above ref]r$ to1 are ! ,buddhi/ tr9ity1 ev]y:]e ackn[l$g$1 ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 & ,sangha--or1 z "s say1 ,buddha--! law & ! *ur*4 ,! dream ( ,m+ ,ti resembles t :i* we "k z ! ,annunciation ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & =etells ! com+ ( ! ,savi\r1 "o ( ! names giv5 to ,sidd>?a4 ,! vision ( a div9e be+1 #gj feet high1 ) a body l gold1 & 8 head glori\s z ! sun--"o :o is fanciful may "h disc]n a lik5ess to ! individual describ$ 9 ,rev4 i4 #ac1 seq4--induc$ ! k+ to s5d to ,india to seek aft] ! law ( ,fo1 or ,buddha4 ,"s "o speak+ ( two great t[]s adorn$ ) all ! preci\s sub/ances1 :i* _h be5 erect$ at a c]ta9 t[n--! ,taxila ( ! ,greeks--to commemorate episodes 9 ! life ( ,buddha1 makes ! rem>k ,! k+s1 m9i/]s1 & p ( all ! surr\nd+ c\ntries vie ) ea* o!r 9 mak+ religi\s (f]+s at ^! places1 9 scatt]+ fl[]s & burn+ inc5se cont9ually 7p4 #cc74 ,9 ! city ( ,hilo is ! ,viti>a conta9+ ! relic ( ! skull-bone ( ,buddha4 ,?is ,viti>a is entirely cov]$ ) plates ( gold1 & decorat$ ) ! sev5 preci\s sub/ances 7gold1 silv]1 lapis lazuli1 cry/al1 cornelian1 coral1 & ruby47 ,! k+ ( ! c\ntry rev]5ces 9 a high degree ?is sacr$ relic4 ,z ?is example %[s well ! ,buddhi/ v5]ation = memorials ( ! dead1 ,i w n quote m4 ,x is cle> t old bones 7 reg>d$ ) religi\s awe 9 ,h9do/an be=e !y 7 en%r9$ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ! case above record$1 extraord9>y pa9s are tak5 to pres]ve ! relic f !ft or sub/itution1 & ! k+ (f]s fl[]s & inc5se 9 front ( x daily1 !n b5ds 8 head to ! gr\nd be=e x 9 adoration1 & dep>ts4 ,9 ano!r place ,buddha's robe is kept1 al?\gh we may fairly d\bt :e!r he ev] possess$ "o1 b d\btless x is q z au!ntic z ! holy coat ( ,treves1 or ! ,virg9 ,m>y's milk4 ,!re is ano!r relic ( ,sakya n yet copi$ by ,*ri/ian pagans1 viz41 ! %ad[ ( ! great tea*]--:i* lives 9 a cave1 & c only be se5 by ! fai?ful 7p4 #de1 #df74 ,we comm5d ?is to ?aumaturgical ,gallican div9es1 su* z ^? :o describe h[ c]ta9 x is t ,m>y ( ,judea came to %[ h]self at ,l\rdes1 & to talk ,fr5*4 ,on arriv+ at ! ,punjaub ! record /ates1 ,! law ( ,buddha is prosp]\s & fl\ri%+ "h444 ,on see+ disciples f ,*9a com+ among !m !y 7 mu* affect$1 & spoke ?us3 ,h[ wond]ful to ?9k t m5 f ! ends ( ! e>? %\ld "k ! "* ( ?is religion1 & %\ld come ?us f> to seek ! law ( ,buddha4 ,we receiv$ f !m all t we requir$1 & 7 treat$ accord+ to ! provisions ( ! law 7p4 #ea1eb74 ,all ! k+doms beyond ! s&y des]ts are spok5 ( z belong+ to ,we/]n ,india4 ,! k+s ( all ^! c\ntries firmly believe 9 ! law ( ,buddha 7pp4 #ec1 #ed74 ,9 ! foll[+1 we may see ! prototype ( mona/]ies1 ,f ! "t ( ,buddha's ,nirvana1 ! k+s & nobles ( all ^! c\ntries began to erect vih>as = ! prie/hood1 & to end[ !m ) l&s1 g>d5s1 h\ses1 & also m5 & ox5 to cultivate !m4 ,! records ( ^! end[m5ts be+ engrav$ on %eets ( copp]1 h be5 h&$ d[n f "o k+ to ano!r1 s t no "o has d>$ to deprive !m ( possession1 & !y cont9ue to ?is day to enjoy _! prop] rev5ues4 ,all ! resid5t prie/s h *amb]s1 b$s1 cov]lets1 food1 dr9k1 & clo!s provid$ = !m )\t /9t or res]ve4 ,?us x is 9 all places4 ,! prie/s1 on ! o!r h&1 cont9ually employ !mselves 9 recit+ _! scriptures1 9 works ( b5evol5ce1 or 9 pr(\nd m$itation 7pp4 #ee1 #ef74 ,x is v important t we %\ld notice1 al?\gh x is unnecess>y to dwell ^u ! fact1 t ! pilgrims visit$ ! spot :5ce ,buddha w5t up to heav5 to prea* 8 law to 8 "m ,maya1 :o di$ :5 h] *ild 0 sev5 days old1 &1 consequ5tly1 long be=e he became ! ,savi\r4 ,! son rema9$ ) 8 p>5t ?ree mon?s 7p4 #fb47 ,jesus1 x w be rememb]$1 only prea*$ to ! spirits 9 prison dur+ a day & a-half--:i*1 by common cons5t1 passes among/ ,*ri/ians = ?ree days4 ,i may also notice t !re is m5tion$ 7p4 #ff71 an idea t ?ree ,buddhas exi/$ be=e ! adv5t ( ,sakya ,muni1 & t ! foll[+ are _! precepts1 translat$ f ! ,*9ese copy ( a ,buddhi/ book3--#a4 ,! he>t c>efully avoid+ idle dissipation1 dilig5tly apply+ itself to religion1 =sak+ all lu/ & consequ5t disappo9tm5t1 fix$ & immovable1 atta9s ,nirvana 7re/47 #b4 ,practis+ no vice1 advanc+ 9 ! ex]cise ( virtue1 & purify+ ! m9d f evil2 ?is is ! doctr9e ( all ! ,buddhas4 #c4 ,to keep "o's tongue1 to cleanse "o's m9d1 to d no ill--?is is ! way to purify oneself ?r\gh\t1 & to atta9 ?is /ate ( discipl9e is ! doctr9e ( all ! great sages 7p4 #ff74 ,! ,buddhi/s also pres]ve impressions ( ,sidd>?a's feet & %[ !m to pilgrims1 j z c]ta9 papal prie/s %[ ! impressions ( ,/4 ,pet]'s feet at a *ur* a little outside ,rome1 on ! ,appian way4 ,! pilgrims visit ,kapilava/u1 n[ a des]t1 b once ! royal resid5ce ( ,suddhodana4 ,!re are "h a congregation ( prie/s & t5 families ( lay p4 ,9 ! ru9$ palace !re is a picture ( ! ,pr9ce ,app>5t & 8 "m 7suppos$ to be7 tak5 at ! "t ( 8 miracul\s conception4 ,! pr9ce is repres5t$ z desc5d+ t[>ds 8 "m rid+ on a :ite elephant4 ,?is elephant came f ! ,tusita heav5 surr\nd$ by light l ! sun1 & ent]$ ! left side ( ! "m4 ,z ! elephant is ! /ronge/ ( kn[n t]re/rial animals1 x c]ta9ly repres5t$ ,! p[] ( ! ,highe/ 7see ,luke i4 #ce71 & we may draw "o ( two inf]5ces--ei!r t ! sons ( ,maya & ,m>y 7 conceiv$ equally miracul\sly1 or t ! /ory ( "o is j z true or z incr$ible z t ( ! o!r4 ,c]ta9ly ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 kn[n 9 ,india long be=e x 0 enunciat$ by a ,*ri/ian ,pope 9 ,rome4 ,p]haps1 _h ,pio ,nono kn[n t he 0 copy+ a ,buddhi/ic /ory1 he w\ld h wav]$ long be=e he assimilat$ 8 religion to t ( ,sidd>?a4 ,at ! same locality a t[] is rais$ to m>k ! spot :]e ! ,ri%i 7,sa9t or ,prophet7 ,asita calculat$ ! horoscope ( ,sakya1 & decl>$ t he w\ld become a supreme ,buddha--a leg5d :i* is v simil> to t told ( old ,simeon & ! infant ,jesus 7,luke ii4 #be1 seq474 ,! pilgrims 7 also %[n ! g>d5--n a /able--9 :i* ,maya br\ght =? h] son1 & :]e9 imm$iately aft]w>ds ! infant walk$4 ,two dragon k+s--p]haps wise m5 f ! ,ea/--wa%$ ! infant's body1 & ?is spot aft]w>ds became a sacr$ well 7p4 #hh74 ,we mu/ pass by an acc\nt ( a miracle1 to ! full z wond]ful & q z incr$ible z t ( ,sa9t ,ursula & ! elev5 ?\s& virg9s1 :o left _! bones at ,cologne because x has no di/9ct ref]5ce to ,buddha4 7,p4 #ig7--;,b ,i may m5tion t ! ,*9ese writ] /ates aft] ! end ( ! /ory1 t a c]ta9 violation ( ! law occurr$ "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ,sakya's dea?1 & ^u ?is record ,mr ,beal has ! foll[+ important note--,?is ref]s to ! second great c\ncil ( ! ,buddhi/ *ur*4 ,accord+ to ,s+halese au?orities 7,mahawanso7 !re 7 ?ree great convocations or c\ncils--#a/1 imm$iately aft] ,buddha's dea? to compile ! au?oris$ scriptures2 #b;d1 to refute c]ta9 errors t _h crept into ! *ur*2 #c;d1 "u ! great ,asoka1 7p4 #ii74 ,we may d\bt ! value ( ! ,mahawanso1 b at ! same "t we may express a wi% t e>ly ,*ri/ians _h ev5 a tradition ( a c\ncil to compile au?oris$ scriptures ab\t ! son ( ,m>y ere "t suffici5t _h elaps$ to all[ ! m>vell\s to develop itself into ! incr$ible4 ,9 l mann] ,i mu/ omit ! description ( a procession ( images1 among/ :i* t ( ,buddha is conspicu\s2 ! fete is held at ,patna1 suppos$ to be ! anci5t ,palimbo?ra :]e ,asoka reign$4 ,x resembles 9 almo/ all its details ! gr& processions ( ! ,papi/s on c]ta9 occasions1--lamps1 lights1 games1 riot1 & religi\s (f]+s are m+l$ toge!r = ! heal?y & = ! sick1 & wond]ful cures are provid$ z f> z possible4 ,to ?is acc\nt is to be app5d$ a v significant1 p]haps ,i might say satirical1 note by ! translator ( ! pilgrims' manuscript4 ,f ! :ole ( ?is acc\nt 7( ! procession ( images71 x w\ld seem t ! ,buddhi/ wor%ip _h already begun to deg5]ate f its primitive simplicity & sev]ity4 ,plays & music & conc]ts1 are /rictly =bidd5 by ! rules ( ! ord]2 we c beg9 to see h[ ,buddhism laps$ into ,sivite wor%ip1 & sank f9ally into ! horrors ( ,jagana? 7p4 #ajg74 ,to ! ?\ghtful read] ( our *ri/ian hi/ory1 ?is note ^u ,buddhi/ processions ( images is pa9fully pregnant4 ,x rem9ds u t ! foll[]s ( ,maya's son & ,m>y's alike laps$ into paganism1 & almo/ by ! same /ages4 ,we _c accuse ! ,h9doos ( copy+ ! orgies ( ! ,*ri/ian saturnalia or c>nival1 nor d we ?9k t ! ,europeans c>$ to imitate ! ,h9doos2 b :at we d believe is t bo? p>ties h fall5 l[] & l[] f _! pri/9e purity 9 consequ5ce ( ! gradually increas+ feel+ t ! g5]ality ( human be+s c only be br\ght "u prie/ly p[] by an appeal to _! animal prop5sities4 ,"s affirm1 ) great %[ ( argum5tation1 t x is man's be/ial prop5sities :i* lead 8 race to hell4 ,x may be s1 b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t ecclesia/ics endeav\r to *a9 u to _! *>iots by p&]+ to1 manag+1 excit+1 or o!rwise play+ ^u ^? prop5sities1 :i* man has 9 common ) ! %eep1 ! ox1 ! tig]1 ! s]p5t1 & ! elephant4 ,e =m ( religion1 yet promulgat$1 t appeals to s\nd s5se1 ?\ght1 & reason1 has fail$ f ! want ( foll[]s capable ( dom9at+ _! passions4 ,?an a pure religion bas$ ^u ?\ghts su* z ,sakya ,muni & ! son ( ,m>y gave utt]ance to1 no?+ seems gr&]1 b su* is its nature t x c only be fully embrac$ by a few4 ,if all are poor1 none c live ^u alms--if all sell _! worldly goods to pur*ase ,heav51 no buy]s w be f\nd 9 ! m>ket4 ,! ,buddhi/ & ! ,*ri/ian an*orite may1 = a "t1 live on *>ity1 yet ea* succe$+ g5]ation ( ascetics w m & m dislike ! plan ( w9n+ food by mis]y4 ,we h se5 h[ k+s made gr& provision = ! com=t ( ! prie/ly foll[]s ( ! son ( ,maya2 & 9 lat] times1 we h se5 h[ ! foll[]s ( ! son ( ,m>y h1 by artfulness1 provid$ _m simil> homes = !mselves4 ,yet1 ) all ?is1 !re are bo? ,buddhi/s & ,*ri/ians :o h prote/$1 by _! actions1 aga9/ religi\s luxury ( e k9d4 ,ea* ( my read]s may judge ( :at _s he is1 by ask+ himself :e!r he reg>ds su* individuals z wise or fooli%4 ,! pilgrims pass on to ! place :]e five hundr$ sa9ts assembl$ aft] ,sakya's dea? to arrange ! collection ( sacr$ books 7p4 #aah7--!nce to ! spot :]e ,sidd>?a ba!d1 & ! ,deva or ,angel held out ! bran* ( a tree to assi/ him 9 com+ out ( ! wat] 7p4 #aba7--!nce to ! spot :]e ,buddha 0 tempt$ by ?ree daught]s ( ,maka z c\rtesans1 a m sev]e temptation ?an befel ! ,*ri/ian ,an?ony--& by ,m>a himself ) a va/ army2 b all uselessly1 = ,sakya 0 z impregnable z ,jesus4 ,& we f9d t 9 ! same spot he subsequ5tly und]w5t mortification1 n = =ty days only1 b = six ye>s4 ,all ( ^! localities are m>k$ by t[]s1 :i* mu/1 accord+ to ecclesia/ical reason+1 demon/rate ! tru? ( ! leg5ds4 ,aft] a v long se>*--= ! purpose ( ,fah ,hian 0 to seek = copies ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka--he f\nd 8 ex]tions to f9d a copy ( ! sacr$ "w 7 useless1 because1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,nor!rn ,india1 ! v>i\s ma/]s tru/$ to tradition only = _! k ( ! precepts1 & _h no writt5 codes4 ,! pilgrims1 h[ev]1 :5 !y arriv$ 9 ,middle ,india1 f\nd a copy1 :i* 0 t us$ by ! fir/ great assembly ( prie/s conv5$ dur+ ,buddha's lifetime 7p4 #adb72 ?is appe>s to h be5 g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mo/ correct & complete 7p4 #add74 ,fah ,hian also obta9$ "o copy ( ,precepts1 9 manuscript1 compris+ ab\t #gjjj ga?as 7v]ses or /anzas74 ,?is 0 ! same z t g5]ally us$ 9 ,*9a4 ,9 ?is place also an imp]fect copy ( ! ,abhidh>ma 0 obta9$1 conta9+ #fjjj ga?as2 also1 an abreviat$ =m ( ,sutras1 or ,precepts1 conta9+ #bejj v]ses 9 an abreviat$ =m2 also1 ano!r exp&$ ,sutra1 ) #ejjj v]ses1 & a second copy ( ! ,abhidh>ma1 accord+ to ! s*ool ( ! ,maha ,sanghihas 7! great] vehicle74 ,on ?is acc\nt ,fah ,hian abode 9 ! place 7,patma1 ! anci5t ,palibo?ra7 = ! space ( ?ree ye>s1 engag$ 9 le>n+ to read ! ,sanscrit books1 to conv]se 9 t language1 & to copy ! ,precepts4 ,"h 8 companion1 ,to ,*+1 rema9$2 b ,fah ,hian1 desir+ ) 8 :ole he>t to spread ! k ( ! ,precepts ?r\gh\t ,*9a1 return$ alone 7p4 #adf74 ,?is pilgrim !n goes to ! k+dom ( ,*ampa1 :]e he /opp$ two ye>s1 to copy out sacr$ ,sutras1 & to take impressions ( ! figures us$ 9 wor%ip4 ,"h ! law ( ,buddha 0 g5]ally respect$4 ,he !n sail$ 9 a great m]*ant vessel = ,ceylon 7p4 #adh74 ,f ?is expression we presume t he ent]$ a seaport1 &1 z su*1 "o likely to h be5 rea*$ by "s ,*ri/ian mission>y1 if any _h ev] visit$ ,india1 z ,paul atta9$ ,asia ,m9or1 ,italy1 c4 ,all t we le>n ab\t x1 h[ev]1 is 9 a translator's note1 :i* tells u t ! place 0 m5tion$ by ano!r ,*9a man1 ,hi\5 ,?sang1 :o spoke ( ! numb] ( h]etical sects :o 7 mix$ toge!r "h--,buddhism be+ "h corrupt$ at an e>ly p]iod by local sup]/itions4 ,9 ,ceylon ,fah ,hian rema9$ two ye>s1 &1 cont9u+ 8 se>* = ! sacr$ books1 obta9$ a copy ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka1 ( ! great ,agama1 & ! miscellane\s ,agama 7books ( elem5t>y doctr9e71 also a volume ( miscellane\s collections f ! ,pitakas1 all ( :i* 7 hi!rto entirely unkn[n 9 ,*9a4 ,hav+ obta9$ ^! works 9 ! orig9al language 7,pali71 he =?) %ipp$ himself on bo>d a great m]*ant vessel1 :i* c>ri$ ab\t #bjj m51 & />t$ = 8 native l& 7p4 #aff74 ,aft] ,fah ,hian left home1 he 0 five ye>s 9 arriv+ at ,mid ,india4 ,he resid$ !re dur+ six ye>s1 & 0 ?ree m ere he arriv$ aga9 9 ,*9a4 ,he _h successively pass$ ?r\gh ?irty diff]5t c\ntries4 ,9 all ! c\ntries ( ,india1 aft] pass+ ! s&y des]t 7( ,gobi71 ! dignifi$ c>riage ( ! prie/hood1 & ! surpris+ influ5ce ( religion 7among/ ! p71 _c be adequately describ$444 ,hav+ be5 pres]v$ by ,div9e p[] 7by ! influ5ces ( ! ,?ree hon\rable ,ones71 & br\ght ?r\gh all dang]s safely1 he 0 induc$ to commit to writ+ ! record ( 8 travels1 desir\s t ! virtu\s ( all ages may be in=m$ ( !m z well z himself 7p4 #agc74 ,aft] read+ ?is acc\nt1 we ?9k t no ?\ghtful man c reasonably ass]t t ,*ri/ianity 0 taught 9 ,india at an e>ly p]iod1 0 widely adopt$1 & became ! p>5t ( ,buddhism4 ,if1 9 rejo9d]1 we are told t no writ]s h ass]t$ t !re 7 ,*ri/ians 9 ,india 9 old5 times1 except 9 ,malab>1 ! answ] is1 t ^! 7 describ$ by ^? :o fir/ met ) _! successors z totally di/9ct f ! ,h9doos1 &1 consequ5tly1 nei!r ,buddhi/s nor ,brahm9s4 ,moreov]1 we are told t !y 7 reg>d$ by ! ,holy ,inquisition ( ,europe z h]etics1 & 71 consequ5tly1 p]secut$ by ! ,*ri/ians 7see ,gibbon's ,roman ,empire1 vol4 viii1 #cee74 ,rosse1 9 8 book ( dates 7,london1 #aheh71 speaks ( an ,indian embassy to ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 a4d4 #ccd1 & ano!r s5t to ,con/antius ! ,second1 b receiv$ by ,julian1 ,a4,d4 #cfb4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 z yet1 f9d 8 au?ority4 ,b ,socrates1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 book i1 *4 #ai1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #cca1 speaks ( a treaty :i* _h be5 9 exi/5ce a %ort "t be=e1 betwe5 ! ,romans & ! ,indians1 b :i* _h be5 rec5tly violat$4 ,he also1 9 ! same *apt]1 /ates t !re 7 ,*ri/ians among/ ! ,roman m]*ants 9 ,india--no t[n or locality be+ giv51 h[ev]1 s t we _c te/ 8 ass]tion--b t !y did n !n unite to wor%ip4 ,we f9d also1 f ! same *apt]1 t up to t p]iod !re 7 no ,*ri/ian ,indians kn[n4 ,c\pl+ ! =ego+ fragm5ts ( hi/ory toge!r1 we may safely ass]t t ,india1 g5]ally1 0 ,buddhi/ 9 ,a4,d4 #djj1 & t1 accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! ,romans1 or1 r1 ! ,alex&rians1 _h be5 9 ye>ly communication ) ! c\ntry1 = at lea/ ?ree c5turies1 at ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4 ,z x appe>s t !re 7 ,roman m]*ants 9 ,india1 s we presume t !re 7 ,h9doo trad]s resid5t 9 ,egypt4 ,! presumption is1 t ^! 7 ,buddhi/s1 & t !y 7 att5d$1 or foll[$1 by mission>y ,buddhi/ prie/s4 ,absolute pro( ( ?is !re is none4 ,we n[ turn to ,gibbon's hi/ory1 & inquire into ! p]iod :5 mona/ic asceticism fir/ began to prevail 9 ,egypt1 ! necess>y resid5ce ( our presum$ ,h9doo traffick]s4 ,we f9d 7see ,decl9e & ,fall1 *apt] #cg7 t ,an?ony1 an ,egyptian1 & unable to write 9 ,greek1 liv+ 9 ! l[] p>ts ( ,!bais1 di/ribut$ 8 patrimony1 des]t$ 8 family & native home1 liv$ among/ tombs1 or 9 a ru9$ t[]1 !n 9 ! des]t1 & !n 9 "s lonely spot1 ne> ! ,r$ ,sea1 :]e he f\nd %ade & wat]4 ,x c]ta9ly seems cle> t he took ! son ( ,maya1 r ?an ! *ild ( ,m>y1 z 8 exempl>4 ,at & aft] ?is "t1 ! rage = asceticism spread among/ ! inhabitants ( ,ea/]n ,africa z conspicu\sly z x _h done 9 ,ori5tal ,asia at ! "t ( ,asoka4 ,x is difficult to read ! *apt] ( ,gibbon's hi/ory to :i* we ref]1 & a hi/ory ( ,buddhism1 )\t reg>d+ ,egypt1 & h] mis]able ascetics1 9 ! same light z we look ^u ! folks ( ,h9du/an & ,?ibet4 ,if ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h dictat$ su* a life1 surely 8 e>ly foll[]s w\ld h be5 m conspicu\s 9 _! habitual mortifications ?an _! lat] disciples 74 ,! son ( man--! *ild ( ,m>y--came eat+ & dr9k+1 & 0 call$ a glutton\s man & a w9e bibb]1 a fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s 7,luke vii4 #cd2 ,matt1 xi4 #ai74 ,n s ! son ( ,maya4 ,! ,apo/les ( ,jesus _h p[] to lead ab\t a wife or a si/]1 & !y did s4 ,nei!r ,paul nor ,pet] %unn$ woman's society1 nor did !y practise pov]ty2 nay1 !y work$ ) _! own h&s1 le/ !y %\ld h to live on alms 7#b ,!ss4 iii4 #h71 & !y collect$ money = poor sa9ts f ! weal?i] bre?r54 ,!re 0 no asceticism "h1 nor c we f9d1 9 any "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 a text ^u :i* a sy/em ( au/]ity c be f\nd$4 ,we might1 p]haps1 ?9k comp>atively little ( ! p>allel :i* we h drawn betwe5 ,buddhism1 & ,*ri/ianity1 did we n recognize ! fact1 t almo/ ev]yone ( ! lat] developm5ts ( ! latt] _h1 = c5turies be=e1 f\nd a place 9 ! =m]1 ev5 includ+1 z we h m5tion$1 ! dogma ( ! immaculate conception4 ,to ! prec$+ consid]ations we may add ano!r1 :i*1 z ,ivanhoe said ( himself1 is ( less] r5[n & l[] rank1 & assum$ into ! hon\rable company less to aid _! ent]prise ?an to make up _! numb]4 ,/&+ alone x may h small p[]1 b z a l9k 9 a *a9 x is important4 ,we ref] to ! abundant te/imony :i* we possess ( ! /r5g? ( ,grecian influ5ce ^u ! t5ets ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,)\t lay+ any /ress ^u ! fact t ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t extant is writt5 9 ,greek1 we may adv]t to ! curr5t belief among/ ?\ghtful s*ol>s1 t ! s-call$ ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john 0 writt5 by "s ,alex&rian ,greek ab\t #aej ,a4,d41 or by "o :o 0 imbu$ ) ! philosophy ( ,plato4 ,%>pe has di/9ctly %[n t ! doctr9e ( ! tr9ity 0 held 9 ,anci5t ,egypt1 & fir/ adopt$1 !n promulgat$1 by ! ,egyptian or ,alex&rian div9es4 ,! influ5ce ( ,greek ideas ^u ,philo ,judaeus is v conspicu\s4 ,we may n[ turn our att5tion to "o /atem5t ab\t ! ,a!nians1 viz41 t !y & ! /rang]s :i* 7 !re sp5t _! "t 9 no?+ else ?an to tell & to he> "s new ?+1 & t !y 7 s p>ticul>--9 ?is respect resembl+ ! ,anci5t ,p]uvians--9 adopt+ =eign gods1 t !y _h an alt> to ! ,unkn[n ,deity 7,acts xvii74 ,to ?is we mu/ add :at ,sozom5 says ( !m 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 book ii4 *ap4 #bd7--t ! mo/ celebrat$ philosoph]s among/ ! ,greeks took pleasure 9 explor+ unkn[n cities & regions4 ,plato1 ! fri5d ( ,socrates1 dwelt = a "t among/ ! ,egyptians1 9 ord] to acqua9t himself ) _! mann]s & cu/oms4 ,he likewise sail$ to ,sicily1 to exam9e its crat]s4444 ,^! crat]s 7 likewise explor$ by ,emp$ocles4 ,democritus ( ,coos relates t he visit$ _m cities1 & c\ntries1 & nations1 & t eighty ye>s ( 8 life 7 sp5t 9 travell+ 9 =eign l&s4 ,besides ^! philosoph]s1 ?\s&s ( wise m5 among/ ! ,greeks1 anci5t & mod]n1 habituat$ !mselves to travel4 ,solon1 x is well kn[n1 travell$ to ! c\rt ( ,croesus1 & x is affirm$ t ,py?agoras visit$ ,india4 ,sozom5 makes ! above /atem5t to expla9 h[ x 0 t ,m]ope ( ,tyre1 ) two "y relatives1 visit$ ,india1 ! two latt] becom+ its fir/ two bi%ops4 ,no?+ is m probable ?an t ,greeks1 :o _h resid$ = a "t 9 ,india1 on _! return1 believ+ t z !y _h recogniz$ 9 ,h9do/an an e>ne/ =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 diff]+ f ! ,alex&rian /&>d only 9 a few m9or po9ts1 ?\ght x "r to introduce into we/]n religion ,buddhi/ practices--fir/ into ,egypt1 via ,alex&ria1 & !nce into ,europe4 ,we c]ta9ly _c prove t !y did x1 b !re is a v good reason = believ+ s4 ,! doctr9es ( ,jesus emanat$1 we believe1 f "s e>ly ,asoka's mission>ies2 :il/ ! doctr9es ( ! ,alex&rians & ! ,ascetics1 came f subsequ5t ,buddhi/s1 :o plac$ _! /amp on ,*ri/ianity once m4 ,?us we h be5 l$1 by a /rict inquiry into e extant te/imony kn[n1 to believe t ! fai? taught by ,sidd>?a1 0 held = at lea/ #bej--;& mo/ probably1 #ejj ye>s1 be=e our era4 ,/ill fur!r1 we h be5 l$ to believe1 f ! extraord9>y en]gy & success ( ,buddhi/ mission>ies 9 ! ?ree c5turies be=e ,*ri/--a success be=e :i* all ,*ri/ian mission>y ent]prise pales--t emiss>ies f ,asoka's colleges ( prie/s1 p5etrat$ we/w>d ) ! ,greeks z f> z ! ea/]n %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & =c$ "s dev\t ,jews to modify _! belief4 ,b1 ?\gh x is probable t ! ,h9doo tea*]s introduc$ ! morality inculcat$ by ,sakya ,muni1 x seems c]ta9 t !y c\ld n induce _! ,hebrew disciples to ab&on _! implicit tru/ 9 ^? writ+s :i* !y _h be5 induc$ to ?9k 7 absolutely inspir$ or writt5 by direct comm& ( ! ,almighty--consequ5tly1 ,*ri/ianity mu/ be reg>d$ n z pure ,buddhism1 b a =m ( x modifi$ by ,jewi% traditions4 ,b :5 ^? :o embrac$ ! religion ( ,jesus1 _h le>n$ to di/ru/ ! lit]al tru? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & _h ! c]ta9ty t ! prophesies ab\t ! imm$iate de/ruction ( ! _w 7 false1 !y came aga9 into contact ) ,buddhi/ tea*+1 & 7 cont5t to =ego ,judaism4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 give up ,jesus z ! ,savi\r4 ,in/ead ( believ+ ) ,sakya1 t man suff]$ = 8 own s91 !y clung to ! leg5d ( ,adam & ,eve1 & affirm$ t suff]+ 0 introduc$ into ! :ole _w by ?is v orig9al c\ple4 ,in/ead ( ,nirvana1 _! heav5 0 ,ouranos--! sky above !m4 ,in/ead ( an abode :]e all ! s5ses 7 at re/1 !y adopt$ ! idea ( a gold5 city1 ) a riv] ( cry/al runn+ ?r\gh x2 brilliant ) jewels1 & gu>d$ by gates & walls 9 :i* all ! good %\ld sp5d _! "t 9 s++ & music4 ,! ,*ri/ians adopt$ all ! ,asceticism1 dirt1 & love ( v]m91 t ! disciples ( ,sakya1 & ev5 ,sidd>?a himself1 delight$ 9--b !y nev]!less clung to ! idea t ! _w 0 sure to be de/roy$1 & t ,jesus w\ld come aga94 ,x is inde$1 difficult to reconcile ! belief1 t he :o wa%$ 8 disciples' feet1 & prais$ a woman = clean+ & ano9t+ 8 own1 sanction$ an idea :i*1 ?r\gh\t c5turies1 urg$ religioni/s to be fil?y2 yet we mu/ d s if we are or?odox4 ,we h1 inde$1 simil> anomalies n[4 ,dev\t ,*ri/ians tell u t ?is _w ought to be made a prep>ation = ano!r2 & t ! ma9 joy ( heav5 w be an indef9ite increase ( k4 ,yet ^! same p affirm1 sometimes 9 di/9ct t]ms1 t an ext5sion ( sci5tific atta9m5ts1 & a con/ant inquiry into ! w ( ,god1 z express$ 9 ! works ( ,8 h&s1 are sn>es ( ! ,devil1 & s to be avoid$ by all good p4 ,! ,or?odox z a rule believe--?\gh few v5ture to affirm x1 t ,jehovah loves ! fools ! be/1 & t ignorance is godl9ess4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,e/imation ( ! ,bible4 ,! ,dhammapada & ,hebrew 7sacr$7 books4 ,c]ta9 important dates4 ,jews 7 nev] mission>ies4 ,precepts ( ,buddha4 ,contra/s4 ,h[ to ov]come undesirable ?\ghts4 ,k beats pray]4 ,sunday prov]bs4 ,new bir?4 ,div9es prea* bro!rly love 9 ! pulpit1 & provoke hate :5 out ( x4 ,buddhi/ precept is d z ,i d1 n d z ,i say4 ,! n>r[ way ( ! ,gospel f9ds an orig9 9 ,buddhism4 ,"o law brok5 all law brok5--a ,buddhi/ maxim4 ,sakya taught ab\t a future _w4 ,p>allel passages4 ,effect ( ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,p>allel passages ab\t tru? & almsgiv+4 ,ignorance a ,buddhi/ vice & a ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,suppressio v]i1 sugge/io falsi 9 ! pulpit ,classes 9 ! religi\s _w4 ,:y ignorance is *]i%$4 ,ignorance (t5 m pr(itable ?an k4 ,examples4 ,*>latans live by ! fools4 ,hone/ doctors & p>sons mu/ be poor4 ,pov]ty an ess5tial "p ( ,buddhism4 ,hi]>*s are q unnecess>y to ! enlight5$ man4 ,p>allel passages aga94 ,unphilosophical dicta 9 ,buddhism & ,bible4 ,prosp]ity n a pro( ( propriety1 & mis]y n always a rew>d ( badness4 ,lions & lambs4 ,design 9 creation4 ,"r & wrong--d !y exi/ be=e ! ,creator4 ,false analogies4 ,p]secution a ,*ri/ian b n a ,buddhi/ practice4 ,popgun ?und]s f ! ,vatican4 ,age n equival5t to wisdom4 ,sidd>?a did n prophesy1 & s made no mi/ake ab\t t :i* 0 to foll[4 ,m negatives & positives4 ,ano!r contra/ ,no obsc5e /ories 9 ,buddhi/ z 9 ,jewi% scriptures--no leg5d ( ,lot & 8 daught]s1 ,david & ,ba?%eba1 ( ,onan1 ,judah & ,tam>1 ,zimri1 ,cozbi1 & ,ph9ehas1 & a ho/ ( o!rs4 ,a good deal ( nons5se 9 all anci5t writ+s4 ,! fooli% /ories & prophecies ( ! ,bible--if ab/ract$1 little rema9s4 ,! little might be improv$ by extracts f ,plato1 ,epictetus1 & ,buddhi/ scriptures1 & ev5 f ^? ( ,confucius4 ,f ! e>lie/ times :i* ,i c rememb]1 ,i h he>d ! ,engli% ,bible spok5 ( ) ! utmo/ rev]5ce1 z ! und\bt$ ^w ( ,god1 z a revelation ( ! w1 ways1 & ev5 ! ?\ghts ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,ev]y?+ :i* x conta9s has be5 reg>d$ z infallibly true1 & ! wisdom1 goodness1 m]cy1 & ju/ice ( its doctr9es & laws h be5 judg$ to be unimpea*able4 ,f ! pulpit ( _m e>ne/ div9es ,i h he>d innum]able s]mons ^: burd5 has be5 praise (1 & admiration =1 ! morality ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 ! sublimity ( ! language !re9 us$1 & ! l(t9ess ( ! ?\ghts embodi$4 ,f ^? same tea*]s1 & f a /ill great] numb] ( laym51 ,i h he>d ! ass]tion repeat$ly made t ! ,bible mu/ be div9ely inspir$1 because no o!r set ( m51 except ^? :o compos$ its books1 c\ld write s p[]fully2 & depict s graphically1 ! wants1 ! woes1 ! pleasures1 ! passions1 ! aspirations1 & ! d\bts ( ! human m9d4 ,by a great majority1 if n by ! :ole ( our imp]fectly educat$ m9i/]s & p1 ! ass]tion to :i* we "h ref] is rais$ to ! position ( an argum5t2 & any oppon5t :o v5tures to "q ! tru? ( ! assumption1 is *all5g$ to %[ a book ( div9ity equal or sup]ior to ! ,bible4 ,! wor?lessness ( ! argum5t might be readily %[n to any "o accu/om$ to use 8 reason1 by po9t+ out t ! religi\s books ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 ,babylonians1 ,assyrians1 ,m$ea1 ,p]sians1 & ,etruscans1 are lo/ to u4 ,we may comp>e ! ass]tion ) t :i* ,engli%m5 might h made1 to ! effect t ! ,briti% bre$ ( horses 0 sup]ior to any o!r1 = no "o c\ld %[ !m a bett]2 yet z soon z our ,crusad]s became acqua9t$ ) ! ,arabian /e$1 ! value ( ! assumption 0 de/roy$4 ,yet su* a rem>k w\ld be :olly inop]ative on ! m9d ( e bigot ^: judgm5t ( evid5ce is always brib$ by 8 prejudice4 ,consequ5tly1 to make any s]i\s impression ^u ! m9d ( ! ,bibliolat]1 x is desirable1 if possible1 to make copies ( ! holy images wor%ipp$ by o!r nations1 "u ! "n ( sacr$ books1 & to place ^! side by side ) t grotesque production1 :i*1 = our purposes1 may be comp>$ to ,diana ( ! ,ephesians--! ?+ :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]4 ,yet ev5 :5 we d br+ f di/ant c\ntries1 to :i* 9 our complac5cy we give ! "n ( hea!n1 copies ( _! deifi$ books1 & %[ _! equality )1 or sup]iority to t :i* we are told 0 arrang$ by ! disposition ( angels 7,acts vii4 #ec7--! scriptures t ,paul 7#b ,tim4 iii4 #af7 affirms 7 entirely giv5 by inspiration ( ,god --,greek--1 see also #a ,pet4 i4 #aa1 #ab1--we are met by ! ass]tion1 if ! equality is all[$1 t ! ,pagan writ+s h be5 copi$ f1 or are traceable to1 ! writ]s 9 ! ,old or 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,:5ev] a ?\ghtless !ologian ass]ts t su* a ?+ mu/ be s1 he is n by any means p>ticul> z to ! facts ^u :i* he bases 8 belief4 ,?is weakness ( 8 is s conspicu\s to ! logical obs]v]1 t he sometimes feels pity at hav+ to w\nd a m9d s e>ne/ z to be unable to use its reason4 ,he almo/ reg>ds himself z a man fight+ a *ild or a weak woman4 ,yet m5 w1 9 _! p[] & k1 deprive a baby ( a bon-bon1 :i* x is suck+ eag]ly1 if !y "k t x is poison\s1 & w lay viol5t h&s ^u a t5d] girl :o1 9 a :irlw9d ( passion1 is ab\t to ?r[ h]self be=e a railway tra94 ,aft] ! ev5t bo? ! individuals may le>n to ?ank ! r\ghness :i* sav$ !m2 & ,i feel sure t _m an e>ne/ religioni/1 :o n[ ?9ks t ! philosoph]s are treat+ him cruelly1 by try+ to deprive him ( a *]i%$ fai?1 w ultimately be grateful = hav+ be5 induc$ to cease grovell+ 9 ! du/ ( a co>se antiquity4 ,if we endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! basis ( ! belief t ev]y?+ :i* is good mu/ h come f ! ,bible1 we f9d t x exi/s 9 ! ass]tion t ! ,jews 7 ! *os5 p ( ,god1 select$ by ,him to receive a record ( ,8 pa/ do+s & ,8 future desires4 ,h5ce x is argu$1 t all :o h n be5 taught by ! ,jews1 or ?r\gh _! influ5ce1 are )\t ,god 9 ! _w--poor1 b5ight$ pagans4 ,to support assumptions s mon/r\s z ?is1 !re is n a tittle ( evid5ce beyond ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 /ories 9 "s books1 said to conta9 a tru?ful record ( facts4 ,b al?\gh ! !ologian heaps up prote/ation ^u assev]ation until ! mass atta9s an impos+ size1 ! :ole is n ( m sub/antial value ?an a huge bubble bl[n by an en]getic s*ool boy4 ,if millions c\ld be br\ght to believe t su* a holl[ sph]e 0 a solid1 pa9t$ ) ! mo/ respl5d5t col\rs obta9$ f ! cele/ial mansions1 x w\ld n make x o!r ?an a film ( soap & wat] fill$ ) air4 ,yet ?\gh ! unanim\s cons5t ( myriads _c conv]t foam into a solid sub/ance1 a mass ( fro? may be treat$ z if x 7 some?+ bett]1 s long z all agree n to te/ its qualities2 & any book may 9 l mann] be reg>d$ z ( div9e orig91 s long z ev]ybody det]m9es n to te/ ! reality ( ! op9ion4 ,we c easily imag9e t ^? :o h be5 educat$ to believe 9 ! absolute d5sity ( a bubble1 mu/ be greatly di/ress$ :5 x bur/s4 ,inde$ 9 e m]cantile community we see frequ5t illu/rations ( ?is4 ,design+ m5 weave a plausible /ory1 & by inflat$ words induce a numb] ( ?\ghtless p to believe _! /atem5ts1 adopt _! promises1 & act ^u _! recomm5dation4 ,:il/ all seems to be prosp]\s1 e dupe repels ) indignation ! /atem5t t ! :ole ( 8 confrat]nity are deceiv$4 ,if fai? 9 ! /ability ( a bank+ h\se c\ld h upheld x1 ,ov]5d ,gurnets w\ld nev] h brok54 ,if !n fai?1 ! mo/ complete & *ild-l tru/ 9 ! tru? ( any?+1--say p>ticul>ly 9 a c]ta9 book--w n make x valuable if x be 9 reality wor?less1 !n all ^? :o wi% to feel b5ea? !m ! ev]la/+ arms ( tru?1 %\ld inquire into curr5t beliefs r ?an take ev]y?+ = grant$4 ,at ! "t :5 ! weal?1 p[]1 & /ability ( ! ,bank above ref]r$ to 7 implicitly believ$ 9 by ! _m1 & especially tru/$ by its %>ehold]s1 !re 71 outside ( its pale1 _m individuals :o felt sure t ! e/abli%m5t 0 v %aky1 & a few :o 7 aw>e t x 0 toppl+ to its fall4 ,if !n1 at t "t1 any cu/om] or proprietor1 feel+ a d\bt ab\t its safety1 %\ld h endeav\r$ to inve/igate ! rum\rs :i* 7 adv]se to x2 & %\ld h act$ z reason dictat$1 aft] he _h weigh$ ! alleg$ facts on bo? sides1 he might h came to a safe decision & sav$ 8 money4 ,:at is true 9 ?is case may be appli$ to ! ,bible--! ,bank ^u :i* s _m draw l>ge drafts1 & 9 ^: /ability !y h unb\nd$ confid5ce4 ,! ?\ghtless may1 & d\btless w1 cont9ue to tru/ x implicitly--! ?\ghtful w probably consult1 n only ! ,bibliolat]s1 b ^? :o put no fai? :atev] 9 ! volume1 & judge = !mselves4 ,! fe> :i* _m m5 h ( biblical inquiry1 has = a long p]iod /ruck me z be+ inexplicable1 inasmu* z x is at v>iance ) ! ass]tion ( ^! v same p1 t an exam9ation ( ! book mu/ prove x to be infallibly true4 ,b inve/igation into a suppos$ tru? c only end by confirm+ x fully1 & ?us mak+ ! tru? m useful2 or by demon/rat+ t ! belief ent]ta9$ is unt5able4 ,x has be5 ! dread--nay ! c]ta9ty1 ( ! latt] result1 :i* has det]r$ _m great m9ds f inve/igat+ ! matt]4 ,among/ ^! ! late ,pr(essor ,f>aday 0 conspicu\s1 = we le>n f a lett] 9 ! ,a!naeum ( ,jan4 #g1 #ahgj1 writt5 by "o ( 8 own p]sonal fri5ds1 t he--p]haps ! mo/ accompli%$ seek] aft] physical tru? 9 8 "t1 decl9$ firmly to se>* into ! value ( ! commonly receiv$ notions respect+ ! scriptures1 z he felt sure t 8 fai? 9 !m w\ld !reby be %ak54 ,yet he 0 illogical en\gh to use !m z a basis = 8 !ological tea*+4 ,he prea*$ to o!rs f texts 9 :i* he _h no confid5ce2 & support$ 8 doctr9es by quotations f a book :i*1 9 8 secret he>t1 he felt 0 valueless z an expon5t ( hi/orical tru?1 or or?odox tea*+4 ,be=e we proce$ to ! comp>ison betwe5 ! ,dhammapada & ! ,bible1 x w be judici\s to place fairly be=e ! read] ! po9ts :i* we hope to elucidate4 ,we wi% to %[1 by a collation ( dates & doctr9es1 t ! two are :olly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 & z we h else:]e rem>k$1 t if !re has be5 any relation%ip betwe5 ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian writ+s1 ! fir/ h _h m ?an two c5turies' prec$5ce ov] ! la/4 ,we wi% to comp>e ! morality taught by ,buddha1 ) t promulgat$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,we desire imp>tially to exam9e into ! "q1 :e!r ! claim = inspiration c be all[$ 9 ei!r "o case or ! o!r1 or 9 bo? toge!r--:e!r1 inde$1 x is possible to believe ! ,hebrew scriptures to be dictat$ by ,god1 )\t giv+ a simil> confid5ce to ! tea*+s ( ,sakya ,muni--or1 assum+ t !re is to be f\nd a code ( pure morality or e?ics :i* we may suppose to be ( univ]sal application1 we %all endeav\r to asc]ta9 :e!r ! ,hebrews & ! foll[]s ( ,m>y1 or ! disciples ( ! son ( ,maya ,deva1 h made ! ne>e/ approa* to its discov]y & e/abli%m5t4 ,collat]ally we %all exam9e :e!r ,jesus has a great] claim ?an ,buddha to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! ,dhammapada :i* has rec5tly 7,truebn] ,co41 ,london1 #ahgj997 be5 translat$ by ,max ,muelll] f ! ,pali1 is "o ( ! _m books :i* pr(ess to give1 z our ,gospels & ,epi/les d ( ,*ri/1 ! tea*+s or precepts ( ,buddha4 ,^! 7 = "s two or ?ree c5turies traditional only2 b ab\t ! p]iod1 ,b4,c4 #cjj1 _m1 if n mo/ ( !m1 7 committ$ to writ+4 ,z f> z c be asc]ta9$1 ! ye> b4c4 #bdf 0 ! p]iod ( ! fir/ ,buddhi/ c\ncil "u ,asok1 & %ortly aft] ?is1 ,mahuida1 a prie/ly son ( ,asoka1 w5t z a mission>y to ,ceylon2 o!r emiss>ies w5t to ,burmah1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & x is believ$ else:]e4 ,! oral promulgation ( ! ,dhammapada w\ld probably beg9 ab\t b4c4 #efj--tw5ty ye>s or !reab\ts be=e ! dea? ( ,sidd>?a4 ,if we turn to contempor>y hi/ory 9 ! we/ ( ,asia1 we f9d t at ?is p]iod ,j]usalem 0 9 ru9s1 & ! ,jews 7 captives 9 ,babylonia--no copies ( any ,hebrew sacr$ book 7 kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce 7#b ,esdras xiv4 #ba2 #b ,maccabees ii4 #a-ac--see also #a ,maccabees i4 #ba-bc71 &1 s f> z we c\ld le>n1 ,india 0 a c\ntry :olly unkn[n to ! ,%emitic race4 ,! acqua9tance%ip betwe5 ,h9du/an & ,europe seems to h be5 made 9 ! "t :5 ! ,greek mon>*1 ,alex&]1 ov]?rew ,d>ius ( ,p]sia4 ,alex&] invad$ ,india ab\t b4c4 #cbg1 consequ5tly we inf] t !re 0 no possibility ( ,buddha be+ influ5c$ by we/]n notions 9 b4c4 #efj4 99 ,buddhaghosa's ,p>ables1 translat$ f ,burmese1 by ,capt ,t4 ,rog]s2 ) an introduction1 conta9+ ,buddha's ,dhammapada1 or ,pa? ( ,virtue1 by ,max ,muell]4 ,truebn] ,co41 ,london1 #ahgj4 ,to ^! consid]ations we mu/ add ! fact t ! ,jews h nev] be51 f ! e>lie/ to ! late/ times1 a mission>y nation1--inde$1 _! laws & precepts =c$ !m to be s peculi>ly res]v$1 t ev5 if !y _h kn[n ab\t ,india !y w\ld n h s5t _! emiss>ies !re1 inasmu* z ! ,mosaic law oblig$ !m to pres5t !mselves at ! ,temple at ,j]usalem ?rice a-ye>1 :i* 0 :olly incompatible ) di/ant travel4 ,moreov]1 !re are _m extant hi/ories to %[ t intellig5t we/]ns w5t to ,india = k & religion1 & nev] seem$ to ?9k ( c>ry+ _! own fai? ?i!r4 ,! :ole c\rse ( hi/ory po9ts to religion & civilization com+ we/]ly f ,india or ,c5tral ,asia4 ,! dates above giv5 w cle>ly %[ t ,sakya ,muni c\ld n h d]iv$ 8 ideas f ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 or ( ! ,talmudi/s1 nei!r ( :om 7 9 exi/5ce :5 he fl\ri%$4 ,:atev] simil>ity1 !re=e1 we f9d 9 ! doctr9es1 c41 ( ! two1 _c be acc\nt$ = by suppos+ t ,*ri/ian mission>ies c>ri$ ! ,new ,te/am5t to ,india4 ,! rev]se is f> m probable1 z we h demon/rat$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]4 ,"s inquir]s into ! hi/ory ( ! sons ( ,maya ,deva & ( ,m>y are s conv9c$ ( ! priority ( ! fir/1 & ( ! close resemblance ( ! incid5ts 9 ! lives & 9 ! tea*+ ( ! two1 t !y h f\nd !mselves =c$1 reluctantly1 to consid] ! "q--:e!r ,*ri/ianity is n ,buddhism alt]$ 9 "s respects by ,judaism4 ,?is po9t hav+ be5 else:]e spok5 (1 we w n pursue x4 ,b a f> m important1 &1 = _m ,*ri/ians1 a m mom5t\s inquiry1 is1 :e!r we c speak ( ! ,son ( ,m>y z ! (fspr+ ( ,jehovah1 & yet affirm t ! *ild ( ,maya ,deva 0 no?+ b a common man4 ,s deeply h "s be5 mov$ by ?is consid]ation1 t ,i h positively he>d ! op9ion broa*$1 t ! ,indian sage 0 ! v same z he :o subsequ5tly 0 put to dea? 9 ,j]usalem4 ,wild ?\gh ! allegation is1 !re is q z great an am\nt ( probability 9 x z 9 ! ass]tion t ,jesus w5t & prea*$ unto ^? spirits :i* 7 sometime disob$i5t1 i4e41 9 ! "t ( ,noah 7#a ,pet4 iii4 #ai1 #bj71 & 71 consequ5tly1 !n 9 prison1 or t ,buddha w5t to 8 dead "m1 & conv]t$ h] to 8 own fai?4 ,ab\t sup]natural bir?s we %all treat 9 a succe$+ "p4 ,)\t incumb]+ our pages ) all ! precepts ( ! ,dhammapada1 we w copy a few 9 detail to %[ ! read] _! /yle1 & !n we w only quote ^? :i* are mo/ appropriate to our subject4 ,! op5+ p>agraphs s+ul>ly resemble ^? 9 ,bacon's ,novum ,organon1 & run ?us--,all t we are1 is ! result ( :at we h ?\ght3 x is f\nd$ on our ?\ghts4 ,if a man speaks or acts ) an evil ?\ght1 pa9 foll[s him1 z ! :eel foll[s ! foot ( him :o draws ! c>riage 7lv474 #b4 ,all t we are is ! result ( :at we h ?\ght3 x is f\nd$ on our ?\ghts1 x is made up ( our ?\ghts4 ,if a man speaks or acts ) a pure ?\ght1 happ9ess foll[s him1 l a %ad[ t nev] leaves him 7lvi4 et4 seq474 #c4 ,he abus$ me1 he beat me1 he defeat$ me1 he robb$ me--hatr$ 9 ^? :o h>b\r su* ?\ghts w nev] cease49999 #d4 ,he abus$ me1 he beat me1 he defeat$ me1 he robb$ me--hatr$ 9 ^? :o d n h>b\r su* ?\ghts w cease4 #e4 ,= hatr$ does n cease by hatr$ at any "t2 hatr$ ceases by love--?is is an old rule4 99 ,! figures ref] to ! sep>ate precepts1 :i* are giv5 9 num]ical ord]4 9999 ,) ?is & ! foll[+ say+ we may comp>e ! words ( ! ,psalms--,d n ,i hate ^?1 ,o ,"l1 t hate !e8 & am ,i n griev$ ) ^? t rise up aga9/ !e8 ,i hate !m ) a p]fect hatr$2 ,i c\nt !m m9e enemies 7,ps4 cxxxix4 #ba1 #bb74 ,! words ( ,david1 said to be a man aft] ,god's own he>t1 are equally oppos$ to ! law ( love1 viz41 ,?\ ha/ giv5 me ! necks ( my enemies1 t ,i might de/roy !m t hate me 7#b ,sam4 xxii4 #da2 ,ps4 xviii4 #dj72 ,i %all see my desire on !m t hate me 7,ps4 cxviii4 #g74 ,9 ,deut]onomy we f9d1 moreov]1 t indulg5ce 9 hatr$ is attribut$ to ! ,almighty1 :o repaye? !m t hate ,him to _! face to de/roy !m3 ,he 7,god7 w n be slack to him t hate? ,him1 he w repay him to 8 face 7*ap4 vii4 #aj74 ,hatr$ ( _! enemies is1 inde$1 ev]y:]e enc\rag$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 call$ sacr$1 & ! ,hebrew ,jehovah is describ$ z "o ) :om ! p[] to hate & rev5ge ,himself is a fav\rite luxury4 #f4 ,& "s d n "k t we mu/ come to an end "h2 b o!rs "k x1 & h5ce _! qu>rels cease4 #g4 ,he :o lives look+ = pleasures only1 8 s5ses uncontroll$1 immod]ate 9 8 enjoym5ts1 idle & weak1 ,m>a 7! ,tempt]1 ! ,adv]s>y1 or ,satan7 w c]ta9ly ov]come him1 z ! w9d ?r[s d[n a weak tree4 #h4 ,he :o lives )\t look+ = pleasures1 8 s5ses well controll$1 9 8 enjoym5ts mod]ate1 fai?ful & /rong1 ,m>a w c]ta9ly n ov]come him1 any m ?an ! w9d ?r[s d[n a rocky m\nta94 #aa4 ,!y :o imag9e tru? 9 untru?1 & see untru? 9 tru?1 nev] arrive at tru?1 b foll[ va9 desires4 #ae4 ,! evildo] m\rns 9 ?is _w1 & he m\rns 9 ! next1 he m\rns 9 bo?44444 #af4 ,! virtu\s man delights 9 ?is _w1 & he delights 9 ! next2 he delights 9 bo?4 ,we may pause "h1 & ask ourselves :e!r1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we c f9d a s+le passage :i* s di/9ctly po9ts to a future /ate z does ?is ,buddhi/ic tea*+4 ,yet bibliolat]s ass]t t ! effusions ( ,jewi% writ]s 7 inspir$ by ,god6 ,mortal m5 _c tell :at takes place aft] _! bodies h become dissipat$ into v>i\s *emical comp\nds2 consequ5tly1 !y _c decide1 ) c]ta9ty1 :i* des]ves ! great] cr$it = accuracy--! ,dhammapada1 or ! ,hebrew ,scriptures2 b all ^? :o believe 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus are b\nd to ackn[l$ge t ! ,indian sage 0 inspir$ by a p[] sup]ior to t :i* is said to h dictat$ to ! ,israelite4 ,h[ pr(itably1 aga91 might ! foll[+ obs]vations be enunciat$ f our pulpits1 in/ead ( ! vapid & sup]ficial div9ity1 :i* disgraces bo? ! utt]] & ! li/5]3-- #ba4 ,reflection is ! pa? ( immortality1 ?\ghtlessness ! pa? ( dea?4 ,^? :o reflect d n die2 ^? :o are ?\ghtless are z if dead already4 #be4 ,by r\s+ himself1 by reflection1 by re/ra9t & control1 ! wise man may make = himself an isl&1 :i* no flood c ov]:elm4 #bg4 ,foll[ n aft] vanity1 nor aft] ! enjoym5t ( love & lu/4 ,he :o reflects & m$itates obta9s ample joy ,we d>e n affirm t ! writ] ( ! fir/ epi/le ( ,john 0 famili> ) ! ,dhammapada1 b 8 words 7*ap4 ii1 v4 #ae71 ,love n ! _w1 nei!r ! ?+s t are 9 ! _w1 c41 are z purely ,buddhi/ic z if he _h kn[n ! doctr9e ( ! ,indian sage4 ,we d\bt :e!r1 9 ! :ole ,bible1 a p>allel passage to ! foll[+ c be f\nd3-- #cf4 ,let ! wise man gu>d 8 ?\ghts1 = !y are difficult to p]ceive1 v artful1 & !y ru% :]ev] !y li/3 ?\ghts well gu>d$ br+ happ9ess4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,psalms1 & else:]e1 !re is a full recognition ( ! p[] ( ,god to "k1 & ev5 to puni% man =1 bad ?\ghts1 b !re is no precept recomm5d+ man to cultivate 8 m5tal p[]s = ! pleasure :i* ! task w br+4 ,! foll[+ obs]vation is equally to be comm5d$3-- #dj4 ,kn[+ t ?is body is 7fragile7 l a j>1 & mak+ ?is ?\ght firm l a =tress1 "o %\ld attack ,m>a 7! tempt]1 or ,satan1 ! adv]s>y7 ) ! weapon ( k1 "o %\ld wat* him :5 conqu]$1 & nev] cease f ! fight4 ,a few mom5ts' consid]ation "h1 w %[ ! read] t !re is a fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ! !ology ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ 9 ref]5ce to ! managem5t ( ! ?\ghts ( ! he>t4 ,jew & ,*ri/ian tea*]s alike enc\rage _! disciples to combat evil ?\ghts by pray] & by fa/+1 b !y nev] once allude to ! value ( k z a weapon4 ,yet1 ( its p[]1 relatively to supplication1 none c h a d\bt4 ,x x probable t no man or woman c atta9 to adult age )\t be+ aw>e ( ! intrusion1 into _! m9ds1 ( ?\ghts1 ^: pres5ce greatly di/resses ! individual1 & ! wor/ ( ^! is1 t !y take s complete a possession1 z n to be driv5 away by any simple wre/l+ ) !m4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy ! dev\t ,*ri/ian has rec\rse to pray]1 :i* s]ves to nail ! intrud] ev5 m closely to 8 seat4 ,! philosoph]1 on ! o!r h&1 turns 8 m9d to ?9k actively ^u "s o!r subject ?an t :i* has intrud$ ^u him1 & z soon z he has fix$ 8 att5tion ^u ! second1 ! fir/ imm$iately )draws4 ,sm>t+1 = example1 "u a s5se ( ridicule f "s accid5t :i* has happ5$ to himself 9 a ball-room1 or o!r assembly1 a man may retire to 8 pill[1 yet f9d !reupon no re/4 ,he sees1 e m9ute1 ! m]ry faces :i* laugh$ :5 he put ! sprig ( lav5d]1 t 8 lovely p>tn] gave him = a keepsake1 beh9d 8 e>1 z if x 7 a p51 & gr9ds 8 tee? ) rage or %ame4 ,yet1 if he n[ betakes himself to g ?r\gh ! prep>ations :i* ought to be made to enable obs]v]s to notice accurately ! transit ( ,v5us1 & !n ! means by :i* !y c approximately asc]ta9 ! mean di/ance ( ! sun f ! e>?1 he w f9d at once a pleasant refuge f 8 tr\ble1 & fall asleep :il/ extract+ a squ>e root4 ,^? "y m51 & o!rs1 :o1 l ! old sa9ts are said to h done1 (t5 suff] mu* f :at may be call$ presumptu\s desires ( ! fle%1 w f9d ! acquisition ( k is a p[]ful ag5t 9 subdu+ ! crav+s ( lu/1 & h>d ?9k+ curbs our passions f> m effectually ?an ! sc\rge ( ! ascetic1 or ! pray]s ( ! h]mit4 ,m5tal activity1 al?\gh x does n entirely remove x1 does mu* to repress inord9ate desire1 & we consequ5tly pref] ! tea*+ ( ! son ( ,maya to t ( any son ( ,abraham4 ,( ! e/imate ( a well-regulat$ m9d we h ! foll[+3-- #db4 ,:atev] a hat] may d to a hat]1 or an enemy to an enemy1 a wrongly-direct$ m9d w d u great] mis*ief4 #dc4 ,n a "m1 n a fa!r1 nor any o!r relative1 w d s mu* t a well-direct$ m9d w n d u great] s]vice4 ,to ?is we c f9d no p>allel 9 ! ,hebrew scriptures4 ,"s ( ! foll[+ are equal to any ( ^? prov]bs attribut$ to ,solomon3-- #gf4 ,if y see an intellig5t man :o tells y :]e true treasures are to be f\nd1 :o %[s y :at is to be avoid$1 & :o adm9i/]s repro(s1 foll[ t wise man3 x w be bett]1 n worse1 = ^? :o foll[ him4 #gh4 ,d n h evildo]s = fri5ds1 d n h l[ p2 h virtu\s p = fri5ds1 h = fri5ds ! be/ ( m54 #hj4 ,well-mak]s lead ! wat] :]ev] !y l1 flet*]s b5d ! arr[1 c>p5t]s b5d a log ( wood1 wise p fa%ion !mselves4 #ha4 ,z a solid rock is n %ak5 by ! w9d1 wise p falt] n amid/ blame & praise4 #id4 ,! gods ev5 envy him ^: s5ses h be5 subdu$1 l horses well brok5 9 by ! driv]1 :o is free f pride & free f frailty4 #ig4 ,! man :o is free f cr$ulity1 b kn[s ! uncreat$1 :o has cut all ties1 remov$ all temptations r5\nc$ all desires1 he is ! greate/ ( m54 ,a say+ :i* is almo/ id5tical ) ,he t is sl[ to ang] is bett] ?an ! mighty1 & he t rule? 8 _s bett] ?an he t take? a city 7,prov4 xvi4 #cb74 ,^? ,*ri/ians :o believe 9 works ( sup]]ogation1 & tru/ to /ores ( m]it laid up by c]ta9 sa9ts1 :o h la%$ _! bodies & o!rwise injur$ !mselves1 may read ! foll[+ op9ion ) pr(it3-- #ajh4 ,:atev] a man sacrifices 9 ?is _w z an (f]+ or z an oblation = a :ole ye> 9 ord] to ga9 m]it1 ! :ole ( x is n wor? a qu>t]2 rev]5ce %[n to ! righte\s is bett]4 ,respect+ evil1 we f9d ! foll[+3-- #aaf4 ,if a man w\ld ha/5 t[>ds ! good1 he %\ld keep 8 ?\ght away f evil2 if a man does :at is good slo?fully1 8 m9d delights 9 evil4 #aag4 ,if a man commits a s91 let him n d x aga91 let him n delight 9 s92 pa9 is ! outcome ( evil4 #aah4 ,if a man does :at is good let him d x aga91 let him delight 9 x2 happ9ess is ! outcome ( good4 #abf4 ,"s p are born aga92 evil-do]s g to ,hell1 righte\s p g to ,heav52 ^? :o are free f all worldly desires ent] ,nirvana4 ,x is !re=e cle> t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? did n inaugurate ! idea ( a new bir?4 ,9 precept #acc we h ano!r s5tim5t p>allel ) a passage 9 ,prov]bs3 ,d n speak h>%ly to anybody2 ^? :o are spok5 to w answ] !e 9 ! same way4 ,angry spee* is pa9ful bl[s1 = bl[s w t\* !e2 or1 z our ,bible has x1 ,a s(t answ] turne? away wra?1 b griev\s words /ir up ang] 7,prov4 xv4 #a74 ,! foll[+ is a reproa* to a va/ numb] ( individuals :o are call$ ,*ri/ian prea*]s1 & tea* doctr9es ( bro!rly love1 b act z if religi\s hatr$ ( diss5t]s ( e class 7 a duty3-- #aei4 ,let ea* man make himself z he tea*es o!rs to be2 he :o is well subdu$ may subdue o!rs2 "o's own self is difficult to subdue4 #aff4 ,let no "o neglect 8 own duty = ! sake ( ano!r's1 h[ev] great3 let a man1 aft] he has disc]n$ 8 own duty1 be always att5tive to 8 duty4 ,! foll[+ might h s]v$ z ! orig9al ( ! epi/les ( ,john3-- #afg4 ,d n foll[ ! evil law6 ,d n live on 9 ?\ghtlessness6 ,d n foll[ false doctr9e6 ,be n a fri5d ( ! _w4 #afh4 #i4 ,r\se ?yself6 d n be idle1 foll[ ! law ( virtue--d n foll[ t ( s94 ,! virtu\s lives happily 9 ?is _w & 9 ! next4 #agj1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,look ^u ! _w z a bubble2 ! fooli% are imm]s$ 9 x1 b ! wise d n cl+ to x4 ,he :o =m]ly 0 reckless1 & aft]w>ds became sob]1 & he ^: evil de$s are cov]$ by good de$s1 bright5 up ?is _w l ! moon :5 fre$ f cl\ds4 #agd4 ,?is _w is d>k--few only c be "h2 a few only g to heav5 l birds escap$ f ! net4 ,a /atem5t repeat$ by ,jesus 9 diff]5t words1--,/rait is ! gate1 & n>r[ is ! way1 :i* leade? unto life1 & few !re be t f9d x 7,matt4 vii4 #ad74 ,!re may likewise be a comp>ison in/itut$ betwe5 ! foll[+3-- #agf4 ,if a man has transgress$ "o law1 & speaks lies & sc(fs at ano!r _w1 !re is no evil he w n d4 ,:osoev] %all keep ! :ole law1 & yet (f5d 9 "o po9t1 he is guilty ( all 7,jas4 ii4 #aj74 ,i quote ?is & ! next say+ to corroborate ! ass]tion t ,buddha taught ! exi/5ce ( a future _w3-- #agg4 ,! un*>itable d n g to ! _w ( ! gods2 fools only d n praise lib]ality2 a wise man rejoices 9 lib]ality1 & ?r\gh x becomes bless$ 9 ! o!r _w4 ,comp>e #a ,tim4 vi4 #ag1 #ah1ai1 ,*>ge !m t are ri* 9 ?is _w4444 t !y be--ready to di/ribute1 will+ to communicate1 lay+ up 9 /ore = !mselves a good f\ndation aga9/ ! "t to come1 t !y may lay hold on et]nal life4 ,see aga9 7#cjf71 ,he :o says :at is n1 goes to hell2 he also :o1 hav+ done a ?+1 says ,i h n done x4 ,aft] dea? bo? are equal1 !y are m5 ) evil de$s 9 ! next _w4 #cji4 ,f\r ?+s does a reckless man ga9 :o covets 8 neighb\r's wife--a bad reputation1 an uncom=table b$--?irdly1 puni%m5t1 &1 la/ly1 hell4 #caj4 ,!re is bad reputation1 & ! evil way 7to hell74 #caa4 ,z a grass blade if badly grasp$ cuts ! arm1 badly practis$ asceticism leads to hell4 #agh4 ,bett] ?an sov]eignty ov] ! e>?1 bett] ?an go+ to heav51 bett] ?an lord%ip ov] all worlds1 is ! rew>d ( ! fir/ /ep 9 hol9ess4 ,:at is a man pr(it$ if he %all ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8 or1 ,:at %all a man give 9 ex*ange = 8 s\l8 7,matt1 xvi4 #bf74 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d any doctr9e enunciat$ 9 ! ,bible m simple ?an ! foll[+3-- #ahc4 ,n to commit any s91 to d good1 & to purify "o's m9d1 t is ! tea*+ ( ! ,awak5$4 #ahd4 ,! ,awak5$ call pati5ce ! highe/ p5ance1 long-suff]+ ! highe/ ,nirvana1 = he is n an an*orite :o /rikes o!rs1 he is n an ascetic :o insults o!rs4 #ahe4 ,n to blame1 n to /rike1 to live re/ra9$ "u ! law1 to be mod]ate 9 eat+1 to sleep & eat alone1 & to dwell on ! highe/ ?\ghts1 ?is is ! tea*+ ( ! ,awak5$4 ,equally difficult w\ld x be to f9d 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t su* precepts z-- #aig4 ,let u live happily1 !n1 n hat+ ^? :o hate u2 let u dwell free f hatr$ among m5 :o hate4 ,let u live free f gre$ among m5 :o are gre$y4 #bjj4 ,let u live happily ?\gh we c call no?+ our own4 #bjd4 ,heal? is ! greate/ ( gifts1 cont5t$ness ! be/ ri*es2 tru/ is ! be/ ( relatives1 ,nirvana ! highe/ happ9ess4 ,! foll[+ quotations des]ve ! close att5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian inquir]1 = !y n only conta9 s5tim5ts almo/ id5tically ! same z ^? f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b !y are c\*$ 9 ! same language1 z closely z ! circum/ances ( ! case all[4 ,bo? enunciate ! op9ion t x is injudici\s to cultivate or ev5 to p]mit ! exi/5ce ( ^? affections :i* we h 9 common ) ! l[] animals1 & t to atta9 p]fection love & hatr$ mu/ be trampl$ "u foot4 ,we give ! ,buddhi/ tea*+ priority1 z x 0 promulgat$ fir/3-- #baj4 ,let no man ev] look = :at is pleasant or :at is unpleasant4 ,n to see :at is pleasant is pa91 & x is pa9 to see :at is unpleasant4 #baa4 ,let1 !re=e1 no man love any?+2 loss ( ! belov$ is evil4 ,^? :o love no?+ & hate no?+ h no fett]s4 #bab4 ,f pleasure comes grief1 f pleasure comes fe>1 he :o is free f pleasure kn[s nei!r grief nor fe>4 #bac-f4 ,f affection comes grief & fe>1 f lu/ comes grief & fe>1 f love comes grief & fe>1 f gre$ comes grief & fe>4 ,he :o is free f affection1 lu/1 love1 & gre$1 kn[s nei!r grief nor fe>4 ,he t love? ei!r fa!r or "m m ?an me is n wor?y ( me1 & he t love? son or daught] bett] ?an me is n wor?y ( me1 & he t take? n 8 cross & foll[e? aft] me is n wor?y ( me4 ,he t f9de? 8 life %all lose x1 & he t lose? 8 life = my sake %all f9d x 7,matt4 x4 #cg-ci74 ,love n ! _w1 nei!r ! ?+s t are 9 ! _w4 ,if any man love ! _w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n 9 him4 ,= all t is 9 ! _w1 ! lu/ ( ! fle%1 & ! lu/ ( ! eyes1 & ! pride ( life1 is n ( ! ,fa!r1 b is ( ! _w4 ,& ! _w passe? away & ! lu/ !re(1 b he t doe? ! w ( ,god abide? = ev] 7#a ,john ii4 #ae-ag74 ,!n said ,jesus unto 8 disciples1 ,if any man w come aft] me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross & foll[ me4 ,= :osoev] w save 8 life %all lose x1 & :osoev] w lose 8 life = my sake %all f9d x2 = :at is a man pr(it$ if he %all ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8 or :at %all a man give 9 ex*ange = 8 s\l8 7,matt1 xvi4 #bd74 ,see also ,m>k viii4 #cd1 x4 #ba1 & ,luke ix4 #bc-be1 9 ! la/ v]se ( :i* ! say+ is v>i$ by ! words be+ us$ :at is a man advantag$ if he ga9 ! :ole _w & lose himself1 or be ca/ away8 ,we are by habit m famili> ) ! /yle 9 :i* ! ,grecians wrote1 ?an ) t adopt$ by ,sanscrit au?ors4 ,b 9 bo? sets ( writ]s ! ma9 idea is made /rik+ly app>5t--viz41 t to love anybody or any?+ on e>? is prejudicial to our spiritual welf>e1 & t to act pi\sly1 x is necess>y = ! sa9t to free himself :olly f ^? in/9ctive affections :i* ,god has implant$ 9 almo/ e "o ( 8 creatures4 ,x is /range t any two m9i/]s c\ld h excogitat$ s mon/r\s a proposition1 & t bo? %\ld be call$ ,div9e4 ,! effect ( ! tea*+ ( ,buddha & ( ,jesus 0 to draw _m f _! he>? ^: duty1 9 our e/imation1 0 cle>ly to rema9 at home1 & endeav\r to *]i% & support _! family4 ,i ent] my /rong prote/ z an ,engli%man1 z well z individual ,*ri/ian1 aga9/ ! idea t a man :o believes himself a disciple ( ! son ( ,m>y mu/ g abroad to tea* & prea*1 or become an ascetic1 a h]mit1 or a monk1 & leave 8 wife & *ildr5 to be c>$ = by 8 fri5ds or ! p>i%4 ,i believe mo/ /rongly t our affections are implant$ 9 u by our ,mak]1 j z a "m's love exi/s alike 9 ! tigress & ! eagle1 & t any religion :i* tea*es u t we mu/ ov]come ^! prop5sities1 is a false "o4 ,x is /range1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 t bo? ! son ( ,maya & ( ,m>y %\ld h promulgat$ su* a doctr9e--i4e41 t religion is design$ to make our pleasures less1 & our mis]ies great]4 ,x is p]haps too mu* to ass]t t no o!r =m ( fai?1 besides ^? :i* h sprung f ,buddha & f ,jesus1 possesses su* a t5et z t to :i* we ref]2 b we c safely affirm t we d n "k ( any 9 :i* ! natural affections exi/+ betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr51 husb& & wife1 bro!rs & si/]s1 h n be5 cultivat$ z a portion ( ! duties to be fulfill$ by ! fai?ful4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to call att5tion to ! resemblance :i* ! doctr9e 9 "q be>s to t :i* 0 promulgat$ by ! ,grecian ,/oics2 & ! similitude is /ill f>!r increas$ by su* a s5t5ce z ! foll[+ 9 ! ,dhammapada3-- #bba4 ,let a man leave ang]1 let him =sake pride1 let him ov]come all bondage6 ,no suff]+s befall ! man :o is n atta*$ to ei!r body or s\l1 & :o calls no?+ 8 own4 ,once m we see a close resemblance betwe5 ,buddhism & ! ,bible 9 #bbc4 ,let a man ov]come ang] by love1 let him ov]come evil by good1 let him ov]come ! gre$y by lib]ality1 ! li> by tru?4 ,if ?9e enemy be hungry give him bread to eat1 & if he be ?ir/y give him wat] to dr9k1 7,prov4 xxv4 #ba74 ,b ! motive = ?is recomm5dation to ! ,jews is a v9dictive "o1 = he is told t by s do+ he w heap coals ( fire ^u 8 enemy's head1 :il/ ! ,"l w take c>e to rew>d ! de$ to ! do]4 ,9 ! epi/le to ! ,romans ?is say+ ( ! ,prov]bs is endors$1 & to x is add$ ,be n ov]come ) evil1 b ov]come evil ) good 7,rom4 xii4 #bj1 #ba74 #bbd4 ,speak ! tru?1 d n yield to ang]2 give1 if ?\ art ask$1 f ! little ?\ ha/--by ^? /eps ?\ wilt g ne> ! gods4 ,let n m]cy & tru? =sake !e1 b9d !m ab\t ?y neck2 write !m ^u ! table ( ?9e he>t2 s %alt ?\ f9d fav\r & good und]/&+ 9 ! sight ( ,god & man 7,prov4 iii4 #c-d72 ,:]e=e1 putt+ away ly+1 let e man speak ! tru? ) 8 neighb\r 7,eph4 iv4 #be74 ,we sc>cely c f9d1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 a /rict p>allel ) ! ,buddhi/ precept1 d n yield to ang]1 = ! ,jewi% scriptures1 )\t exception1 depict _! ,god z giv+ way habitually to wra?1 ang]1 & rev5ge--e4g41 9 ,ps4 vii4 #aa1 we f9d x /at$ t ,elohim is angry ) ! wick$ e day4 ,aga91 9 ,isaiah v4 #be1 we read1 = all ?is1 ,god's ang] is n turn$ away1 b 8 h& is /ret*$ out /ill2 ,job iv4 #i1 ,by ,god's ang] !y are consum$2 ,to p\r out ^u !m my fi]ce ang]1 7,zeph4 iii4 #h74 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few passages :i* inculcate ^u m5 ! propriety ( a comm& ov] _! temp]4 ,9 ,ps4 xxxvii4 #h1 = example1 we read1 ,cease f ang]1 & =sake wra?1 & 9 ,prov]bs xxvii4 #d1 ,wra? is cruel1 & ang] is outrage\s1 :il/ ! ,prea*] says1 ,eccles4 vii4 #i1 ,ang] re/e? 9 ! bosom ( fools1 & 9 xi4 #aj1 remove ang] or sorr[ f ?y he>t4 ,9 ! ,gospel we h a some:at divid$ tea*+4 ,= example1 we f9d1 f ,m>k iii4 #e1 t ,jesus himself indulg$ 9 ang]1 :5 he 0 vex$ at :at he ?\ght ! h>dness ( 8 he>]s' he>ts2 & f 8 say+1 9 ,matt4 v4 #bb1 ,:osoev] is angry ) 8 bro!r )\t a cause1 %all be 9 dang] ( ! judgm5t1 x is cle> t ! son ( ,m>y approv$ ( ang] :i* _h a cause4 ,aga91 we f9d1 9 ,eph4 iv4 #bf1 ,be ye angry & s9 n1 let n ! sun g d[n ^u y\r wra?1 z if ang] 7 n a culpable weakness1 or passion1 if only indulg$ 9 dur+ ! daylight4 ,yet1 9 ! ?irty-fir/ v]se ( ! same *apt] we read1 ,let all bitt]ness1 & wra?1 & ang]4444 be put away f y1 & 9 ,col4 iii4 #h1 ! putt+ away ( ang] is spok5 ( z an evid5ce ( be+ reg5]at$4 ,( ! duty ( almsgiv+ we f9d mu* 9 ! ,bible1 b we w cont5t ourselves ) ! foll[+ passages3--,*>ge !m :o are ri* 9 ?is _w t !y be ready to give1 & glad to di/ribute1 lay+ up 9 /ore = !mselves a good f\ndation aga9/ ! "t to come1 t !y may atta9 et]nal life 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #ag-ai74 ,quot$ f ! ,communion ,s]vice 9 ! ,pray]-book--,to d good1 & to di/ribute1 =get n2 = ) su* sacrifices ,god is well pleas$4 ,be m]ciful aft] ?y p[]4 ,if ?\ ha/ mu*1 give pl5te\sly2 if ?\ ha/ little1 d ?y dilig5ce gladly to give ( t little1 = s ga!re/ ?\ ?yself a good rew>d 9 ! day ( necessity 7,pray]-book v]sion ( c]ta9 precepts 9 ,tobit1 *ap4 iv4 #h1 #i74 ,if our read]s w take ! tr\ble to consult ! entire *apt] 9 ,tobit1 !y w readily conceive t x 0 writt5 by a ,buddhi/ sage1 in/ead ( an ord9>y ,jew4 ,once m we turn to ! ,dhammapada1 & f9d-- #bca1 #bcd4 ,bew>e ( bodily ang]1 & control ?y body4 ,leave ! s9s ( ! body1 & ) ?y body practise virtue2 control ?y tongue2 leave ! s9s ( ! tongue1 & practise virtue ) ?y tongue2 leave ! s9s ( ! m9d1 & practise virtue ) ?y m9d4 ,?is ref]5ce to ! s9s ( ! tongue1 & ! necessity = its control1 recals to our m9d ! op9ion express$ 9 ! epi/le ( ,james1 ,if any "o bridle? n 8 tongue1 ?is man's religion is va9 7*ap1 i4 #bf72 ,! tongue is a fire1 a _w ( iniquity1 c42 ! tongue c no man tame1 c4 7*ap4 iii4 w4 #e-aj72 & ! v]se1 ,i said1 ,i w take he$ io my ways1 t ,i s9 n ) my tongue2 ,i w keep my m\? ) a bridle :ile ! wick$ is be=e me 7,ps4 xxxix4 #a74 ,! next maxim to :i* ,i w\ld direct att5tion is "o :i* %\ld be pond]$ deeply by all ^? :o desire to become ?or\ghly civiliz$4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 its l _c be f\nd 9 any "p ( ! ,bible4 ,x runs ?us-- #bdc4 ,!re is a ta9t worse ?an all ta9ts1 ignorance is ! greate/ ta9t4 ,if we se>* our own scriptures = a p>allel passage1 we c only f9d t ignorance is inculcat$1 & ) ! express int5tion ( prev5t+ ! m9d f dep>t+ f ! old into "s new track--see1 = example1 ,d5t4 xii4 #cj1 :]e ! ,jews are enjo9$ n to inquire aft] ! gods ( o!r nations1 le/ !y %\ld adopt !m3 aga91 9 ,deut4 iv4 #ai1 ! ,hebrews are enjo9$ n to /udy or ga9 any in=mation respect+ ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 le/ !y %\ld wor%ip !m4 ,b ,paul1 ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 is ev5 a m conspicu\s advocate ( ignorance1 :5 he ass]ts t ,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s --,greek-- ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise 7#a ,cor4 i4 vv4 #ai-bh74 ,o ,timo?y1 keep t :i* is committ$ to ?y tru/1 avoid+4444 oppositions ( sci5ce falsely s call$1 :i* "s pr(ess+ h err$ conc]n+ ! fai? 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #bj1 #ba74 ,_m1 inde$1 :o call !mselves civiliz$ ,*ri/ians1 av] t1 :]e ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise1 a t5et held /rongly by ,mahometans1 ,papi/s1 & ,rituali/s4 ,t ! dictum ( ,paul 9 ! text la/ quot$ has _h a a mo/ disa/r\s effect ^u civilization1 no "o :o is conv]sant ) hi/ory c fairly d5y4 ,nei!r c x be %[n t any kn[n religion1 except ,buddhism1 has oppos$ itself to ignorance4 ,9 e nation ! rul]s 9 g5]al1 & ! prie/hood 9 p>ticul>1 h1 on ! o!r h&1 enc\rag$ indol5ce ( m9d1 le/ ! p %\ld le>n wisdom & %ake (f _! ?raldom4 ,we h se51 9 our own times1 hi]>*s ( e d5om9ation oppose ! spread ( sci5ce1 n falsely s call$1 ) ! av[$ int5tion ( endeav\r+ to bol/] up doctr9es1 dogmas1 & ass]tions1 :i* !y feel sure true sci5ce w de/roy1 al?\gh ! same p decl>e _! t5ets inde/ructible1 & f\nd$ on tru?4 ,nay1 we may g /ill fur!r1 & ass]t t sciolism 9 religi\s matt]s is fo/]$ by ! cl]gy ( all d5om9ations1 bo? by ! suppression ( :at !y believe to be g5u9e1 & by ! promulgation ( :at !y "k to be false4 ,9 ! place ( k !y inculcate bl9d fai?4 ,z "o n :olly unkn[n to be an e>ne/ & hone/ inquir]1 ,i h _h ext5sive correspond5ce & p]sonal int]c\rse ) _m prea*]s1 & ) o!rs ^: opportunities = le>n+ ! cl]ical m9d are m ext5sive ?an my own1 & ,i may divide ! body ( religi\s m9i/]s1 & ! laity z well1 into ! foll[+ classes3--#a1 ,^? :o refuse to inquire1 exam9e1 & ?9k ab\t religi\s subjects1 except 9 a c]ta9 prescrib$ way2 #b1 ,^? :o w inve/igate into ! gr\nds ( _! belief1 z !y w\ld into any d\btful ass]tion1 or into any sci5ce2 #c1 ,^? :o individually ab&on ! old fai? & yet cont9ue to prea* x1 & pr(ess to adh]e to x z /rongly z !y did at fir/2 #d1 ,^? :o v5ture timidly to ins9uate d\bts into ! m9ds ( o!rs1 :il/ pr(ess+ to be or?odox !mselves2 #e1 ,^? :o are too noble to be hypocrites1 & boldly affirm t :i* _! advance ( k has induc$ !m to adopt z a belief4 ,yet ^! v m51 di/+ui%$ above _! fell[s = e>ne/ness1 = sci5ce1 = hone/y ( purpose1 a religi\sly ignorant prie/hood p]secutes2 & ,engli%m51 :o wi% to be reg>d$ z peculi>ly enlight5$1 /& by almo/ unmov$1 or1 z happ5s too frequ5tly1 applaud+4 ,:5 we endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! reason :y ignorance is s greatly *]i%$ among/ mank9d1 we c readily discov] x 9 indol5ce on ! "p ( "o gr\p ( m51 & cupidity on ! "p ( o!rs4 ,!re are _m positions 9 life :]e9 ,sciolism seems to be m pr(itable ?an k4 ,we may m5tion a few4 ,a solicitor :o has an imp]fect acqua9tance ) ! law1 may induce 8 cli5ts to br+ cases be=e v>i\s legal c\rts1 9 :i* !y are c]ta9 to lose _! cause & money1 b ?is solicitor ga9s l>ge fees = 8 tr\ble4 ,a physician :o does n "k h[ to cure c]ta9 diseases may yet treat !m = mon?s1 pass = a devot$ doctor & a clev] fri5d1 & receive a l>ge honor>ium1 :i* is f> beyond 8 m]it1 ?\gh ! pati5t may ?9k x f> too small4 ,! man1 on ! o!r h&1 :o c cure su* compla9ts readily1 has to be cont5t ) a v sl5d] fee1 z 8 att5dance is only requir$ = a few days4 ,! s*em]s1 :o live ^u ! ignorance ( dupes1 be> ! "n ( legion4 ,we see "o ( ! body z a promot] ( all sorts ( bubble companies1 & z secret>y to su* societies z banks1 trade unions1 burial clubs1 assurances1 c4 ,anon he takes ! =m ( an adult]ator ( provisions1 ( v>i\s dr9kables1 ( clo?1 silk1 l951 c4 ,if ,sciolism 7 n common1 su* *>latans z spirituali/s1 clairvoyants1 mesm]i/s1 & ! l1 c\ld n ?rive z !y d1 nor quacks ( all k9ds fl\ri% fam\sly4 ,"o m$ical pret5d] is inde$ report$ to h said to a regul> doctor1 :o liv$ 9 ! same /reet ) him1 b ^: cli5ts 7 few comp>$ ) ^? ( ! *>latan--! reason :y y h s small1 & ,i h s l>ge1 a numb] ( pati5ts is1 t ! fools come to me1 ! kn[+ ones to y4 ,:at is true 9 ! case ( o!r pr(essions is preem95tly s 9 ! cl]ical ,9 religion1 su* z x is pr(ess$ 9 ,*ri/5dom1 ,sciolism1 or imp]fect k1 alone is lucrative4 ,real und]/&+1 diffus$ among/ ! p1 w\ld r5d] e hi]ophant a begg>1 & ?or\gh enlight5m5t among/ ! prie/hood w\ld =ce !m to all[ t su* %\ld be _! normal position4 ,= example1 if e layman1 9 c\ntries own+ ! spiritual head%ip ( ! ,pope ( ,rome1 knew t all ! /ories ( ,heav51 ,purgatory1 ,hell1 ,angels1 ,sa9ts1 ,confessors1 ,h]mits1 & ! l1 7 absolutely baseless--if he knew t man has no p[] 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,almighty to influ5ce ,8 w 9 fav\r ( a cong5]1 & t no?+ :atev] is kn[n respect+ ! _w beyond ! grave--he w\ld n ord] masses1 :e!r high or l[1 & a ho/ ( o!r c]emonies1 ea* ( :i* has to be paid =4 ,or1 if ea* ,prote/ant knew1 t e t5et prea*$ to him f ! pulpit is f\nd$ ^u absolute ignorance ( ! ,almighty's op]ations1 t e doctr9e1 e pray]1 & e ritual1 is bas$ ^u fanta/ic1 half savage1 or semiciviliz$ human ideas1 he w\ld recognize at once ! total uselessness ( ! p>son4 ,!y t are :ole ne$ n ! physician1 b !y t are sick4 ,! doctor1 kn[+ ?is1 endeav\rs1 :5 he has a *ance1 to induce a cli5t to believe himself ill1 & t he & no o!r man c cure him--or1 if he %\ld really be disord]$1 ^! ideas w be kept up z long z possible4 ,s x is 9 religion1 x is only ! culprit t wants ! ,savi\r1 b :5 he has a *ance1 ! soi disant savi\r tries to p]suade ^? :o consult him1 t !y are s9n]s1 yet t he c make !m sa9ts2 & hav+ once implant$ ?is belief1 he endeav\rs to su/a9 x4 ,to doctors & prie/s su* z we "h describe1 ! ignorant cr$ulity ( _! cli5ts is a s\rce ( weal?4 ,s long z !re are dupes !re w be %>p]s1 & s long z m5 are human1 !re w be1 unconsci\sly v likely to !mselves1 abundance ( bo? fools & knaves4 ,f :at has be5 already said1 our read]s w h probably drawn ! conclusion t we d5y ! exi/5ce ( a ?or\ghly educat$ & hone/ hi]>*1 :o has become weal?y by ! ex]cise ( 8 pr(ession 9 a p]fectly consci5ti\s mann]4 ,exceptional circum/ances prev5t u say+ exactly ! same ( a doctor1 b into ^! we ne$ n ent]1 z !y h n _! c\nt]p>ts 9 div9ity4 ,su* be+ our belief1 we recognize ! fact t pov]ty & k mu/1 9 an e>ne/ prie/hood1 be ev] associat$4 ,b ! cl]gy ( e d5om9ation are loa? to agree to ?is1 & endeav\r1 by hook or by crook1 to acquire ! means ( liv+ well4 ,h5ce ,buddha1 :o 0 ?or\ghly hone/ himself1 & did n become a prea*] = ! sake ( emolum5t or a livelihood1 adopt$1 z "p ( 8 plan1 a sy/ematic e/rangem5t f e luxury ( :atev] sort1--or1 9 o!r words1 ! adoption ( a pov]ty z great z exi/s 9 ! l[] animals4 ,he enjo9$ t ! sa9tly tea*]1 hav+ food & raim5t ( ! mo/ homely k9d1 ought !re) to be cont5t4 ,?is 0 ,paul's view also--see #a ,tim4 vi4 #h4 ,9 ?is tea*+ ! son ( ,m>y concurr$2 l ! son ( ,maya1 he _h n :]e to lay 8 head1 he _h n ev5 su* a home z a fox or a bird 7,matt1 viii4 #bj71 & :5 he s5t out 8 disciples to prea*1 8 direction to !m 01 ,take no?+ = y\r j\rney 7,luke ix4 #c1 see also ,matt1 vi4 #be-bh74 ,to sum up our rem>ks ^u ?is p>ticul> comm& ( ,buddha to avoid ! ta9t ( ignorance1 we may frame an axiom 9 political economy1 ?us--,ignorance 9 ! _m ensures weal? 9 a few1 or1 ,a diffusion ( s\nd k among/ ! rul$1 r$uces ! p[] & ! emolum5ts ( ! rul]s1 & compels !m to "w h>d if !y wi% to reta9 _! position4 ,to apply ?is idea /ill fur!r1 ,i w\ld add t a ?or\ghly educat$ p1 ea* "o ( :om feels t he mu/ "w out 8 own salvation 7,phil ii4 #ab71 does n require a prie/hood4 ,consequ5tly hi]>*s1 ^: sole bus9ess 9 ?is _w seems to be to in/il t]ror into "y m9ds1 & to make rules = !m to break1 t prie/s may be paid = %[+ h[ ! imag9>y results may be escap$1 w\ld h no place if m5 7 wise & ?\ghtful4 ,x is a curi\s1 ?\gh a c]ta9 fact1 t ! dep? ( savag]y & ! height ( civilization alike ignore ! necessity ( a hi]>*y4 ,! fir/ does s because x nev] ?9ks ( ,god--! second1 because its conceptions ( ! ,almighty are su* t x _c believe ,him to be influ5c$ by individuals :o assume to be ,8 e>?ly viceg]5ts1 or are elect$ to t pret5ti\s situation by _! fell[-m54 ,! ,god ( ! ,bible c only be ador$ by individuals ^: m9ds are n emancipat$ :olly f ! ?raldom ( b>b>ism1 & :o reg>d ,jehovah z a man1 & n a good "o ei!r1 or1 z we h be=e rem>k$--a devil4 ,we may once m extract "s s5t5ces = comp>ison1 to %[1 ei!r t no inspiration 0 necess>y to p5 ! ,bible1 or t ! ,dhammapada has equal claims ) ! ,old ,te/am5t-- #bdd4 ,life is easy to live = a man :o is )\t %ame1 a cr[ h]o1 a mis*ief mak]1 an insult+1 bold1 & wret*$ fell[4 ,b life is h>d to live = a mode/ man1 :o always looks = :at is pure1 :o is dis9t]e/$1 quiet1 spotless1 & intellig5t4 ,o man1 "k ?is1 t ! unre/ra9$ are 9 a bad /ate2 take c>e t gre$9ess & vice d n br+ !e to grief = a long "t4 ,comp>e ?is ) ! ,psalmi/'s expression--,i 0 envi\s at ! fooli% :5 ,i saw ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$1 = !re are no b&s 9 _! dea?1 b _! /r5g? is firm2 !y are n 9 tr\ble z o!r m51 nei!r are !y plagu$ l o!r m52 !re=e pride compasse? !m ab\t z a *a91 viol5ce cov]e? !m z a g>m5t1 _! eyes /& out ) fatness1 !y h m ?an he>t c\ld wi%4444 ^! are ! ungodly :o prosp] 9 ! _w1 !y increase 9 ri*es4444 ,surely ?\ did/ set !m 9 slipp]y places3 ?\ ca/$/ !m d[n into de/ruction4 ,h[ are !y br\ght into desolation1 z 9 a mom5t6 !y are utt]ly consum$ ) t]rors 7,ps4 lxxiii4 #c-ai47 ,i h se5 ! wick$ 9 great p[]1 & spread+ himself l a gre5 tree t gr[e? 9 8 own soil1 yet he pass$ away1 & lo6 he 0 n1 yea1 ,i s\ght him1 b he c\ld n be f\nd4 ,m>k ! p]fect man1 & behold ! upright1 = ! end ( t man is peace4 ,b ! transgressors %all be de/roy$ toge!r1 ! end ( ! wick$ %all be cut (f4 ,fret n ?yself because ( evil-do]s1 nei!r be ?\ envi\s aga9/ ! work]s ( iniquity1 = !y %all soon be cut d[n l ! grass1 & )] z ! gre5 h]b4 ,tru/ 9 ! ,"l & d good1 s %alt ?\ dwell 9 ! l&1 &1 v]ily1 ?\ %alt be f$ 7,ps4 xxxvii4 #ce-ch--a-c74 ,! class ( s5tim5ts is ! same 9 bo?1 only !y seem to diff] because we are v famili> ) ! phraseology ( ! ,bible1 & ! rev]se ) translations f ! ,sanskrit4 ,at ?is po9t ! philosoph] may judici\sly pause to inquire1 :e!r ! s5tim5ts express$ 9 ! prec$+ biblical quotations are n incorrect1 & consequ5tly :e!r !y c be reg>d$ z inspir$2 & :e!r ! ,buddhi/ic solution ( ! difficulty1 :i* po9ts to a future /ate1 is n sup]ior to ! ,jewi% "o :i* treats ( ?is _w only4 ,exp]i5ce abundantly %[s t individuals practis+ :at is call$ goodness f9d x no safegu>d aga9/ mis]y1 />vation1 tortures1 & dea?4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 8 disciples1 & va/ numb]s ( 8 foll[]s1 h exp]i5c$ f ! dom9ant p>ty 9 ^? /ates :]e9 !y dwell$ contumely1 reproa*1 & h\rs ( l+]+ torm5t4 ,l\is ! ,,xiv4 ( ,france1 & ! ,new ,engl&]s ( ,am]ica1 alike p]secut$ ,prote/ants & ,quak]s4 ,9 ,spa9 ! re=m]s 7 successfully oppos$ by fire & sword1 & ,papal ,italy once extirpat$ f h] mid/ ! disciples ( ,lu!r & ,calv94 ,yet ! s-call$ wrong-do]s fl\ri%$1 & ! un=tunate good p 7 run d[n or dragoon$ ) a sudd5 & swift de/ruction4 ,if ! dictum ( ! ,psalmi/ is "r1 !n ,admiral ,coligny1 :o 0 kill$ 9 ! ,b>?olomew massacre1 at ,p>is1 mu/ h be5 a bad man put 9 a slipp]y place t he might fall1 = 8 de/ruction came sudd5ly1 9 an in/ant4 ,b all hi/ory %[s him to h be5 a wor?y fell[1 :o 0 puni%$ = 8 virtues4 ,! obs]v] ( nature is driv5 to believe t ! co-exi/5ce ( p[]ful & bad m51 ) feeble1 yet good m51 is a rule 9 creation = :i* no adequate explanation c be f\nd4 ,he sees t 9 ! doma9 ( ! air !re are hawks & pigeons1 eagles & o/ri*es1 cuckoos & h$ge-sp>r[s1 t on ! l& !re are tig]s & %eep1 lions & buffaloes1 wolves & de]1 t 9 ! wat] !re are p]* & m9n[s1 pike & tr\t1 %>ks & :ales--9 o!r words1 !re is ?r\gh\t ! _w a division ( liv+ creatures into ^? :o live by de/roy+ vegetables1 & ^? :o subsi/ by ! de/ruction ( animals4 ,! c[1 %eep1 & de] are q z ru?less1 9 _! noxi\sness to ! ornam5ts ( ! mead[1 z are foxes 9 a h5-roo/ to ! beauties ( ! b>n-door2 bo? alike m> ! graceful features ( creation4 ,yet x is cle> t bo? ! gram9ivora & ! c>nivora 7 made to effect ?is app>5t wrong4 ,/ill fur!r1 we see ?r\gh\t creation1 t 9 almo/ e community ( animals1 ! /rong ones dom9ate ov] ! weak1 & endeav\r1 f> too frequ5tly1 to deprive !m ( su* pleasures z !y & _! females possess4 ,see1 = example1 a cock ) a bevy ( h5s3 he w all[ no o!r *anticle] to /rut besides him on ! dunghill ( ! y>d2 he w n p]mit a rival to make love to anyone ( 8 h>em1 nor to fe$ ^u any da9ty morsel1 until 8 wives & himself h _h en\gh4 ,! same may be said ( /ags1 ( bulls1 ( rams1 ( horses1 & _m o!r creatures ^: habits are kn[n4 ,! lead] ( a h]d is a despot1 & :5 he is at l5g? conqu]$ by ano!r1 ^? :o are rul$ h m]ely *ang$ _! ma/]s4 ,"y & weak cocks w nev] atta9 to p[]1 & mu/ ev] submit to be bulli$4 ,we notice1 at ! same "t1 t ea* tyrant mu/ 9 ! end succumb2 ) age comes infirmity & loss ( /r5g?1 9 ! la/ battle ! old is beat5 by ! "y4 ,j s x is ) mank9d2 9 its comp>ative infancy mon>*s rule1 & are at l5g? depos$ by o!rs4 ,! ,babylonians conqu]$ ,pale/9e1 ! ,m$es & ,p]sians vanqui%$ ! ,babylonians1 ! ,greeks subjugat$ ! ,p]sians1 ! ,romans ov]came ! ,greeks1 & ! ,go?s de/roy$ ! ,roman p[]2 yet "u e regime ! p[]ful c\ld torm5t ! weak4 ,! result 9 e case 0 br\ght ab\t by ! conqu]or be+ /rong & brutal--n by ! immorality ( ! victims4 ,:5 a philosoph] sees su* ?+s1 he v naturally endeav\rs to asc]ta9 :e!r any design c be discov]$ 9 ! ev5ts ( ! _w1 & to ?is end he may be dilig5t 9 collect+ facts1 or he may at once frame "s !ory1 & !n cease to ?9k ab\t ! matt]4 ,oh1 su* an "o may say1 all t is wrong "h w be right$ 9 ano!r _w4 ,ano!r1 :o pond]s m deeply1 may d\bt :e!r x is prop] to divide ! ph5om5a ( nature into "r & wrong4 ,if1 he w say1 ,i believe ) ! ,jew t ,god is 9 ! heav5s1 & does :atsoev] ,he pleases 7,ps4 cxv4 #c71 or t ! ,"l ha? made all = ,himself2 yea1 ev5 ! wick$ = ! day ( evil 7,prov4 xvi4 #d7 ,i mu/ all[ t ev]y?+ :i* emanates f ! ,creator mu/ be "r4 ,speak+ individually1 ,i pref] r to exam9e into ! ways ( ,provid5ce--i4e41 ( ! ,almighty1 )\t fram+ any !ory ( "r & wrong1 ?an to dogmatize ^u :at ,he mu/ int5d by ?is or t4 ,:o ha? direct$ ! ,_s ( ! ,"l 7,jehovah71 or be+ 8 c\nsellor ha? taught him8 7,is4 xl4 #ac7--see also ! ,paul9e v]sion ( ?is s5tim5t1 ,rom4 xi4 #cc1 #cd4 ,x is v que/ionable :e!r any human analogy w enable u1 ev5 approximately1 to fa?om :at are designat$ ! designs ( ,provid5ce4 ,e example t ,i c at ! pres5t rememb] giv5 by !ologians is bad4 ,take1 = example1 ! mo/ common "o :i* draws a comp>ison betwe5 ,god & a fa!r1 ,ps4 ciii4 #ac1 l z a fa!r piti-e? 8 *ildr51 s ! ,"l pitie? !m t fe> him2 ,prov4 iii4 #ab1 ,:om ! ,"l love? he correcte?1 ev5 z a fa!r ! son 9 :om he delighte?2 ,heb4 xii4 #f1 #g1 ,:om ! ,"l love? he *a/5e?1 & sc\rge? e son :om he receive?4 ,if ye be )\t *a/isem5t1 :]e( all m5 7are7 p>tak]s1 !n are ye ba/>ds & n sons4 ,^! enunciate ! idea t ,god1 be+ ! univ]sal fa!r1 treats mank9d z a judici\s p>5t treats 8 (fspr+1 & t z a *ild _c at all times "k :y he is puni%$ until _m ye>s h pass$ ov] 8 head1 s human be+s _c tell1 until !y rea* ano!r _w1 :y !y 7 puni%$ 9 ?is4 ,to assi/ ?is ass]tion ! text is quot$ ,:at ,i d ?\ kn[e/ n n[1 b ?\ %alt "k h]eaft] 7,john xiii4 #g47 ,if !re be any tru? 9 ! analogy1 x mu/ foll[ t all :o 9 ?is _w endure grief1 suff]+ wrongfully 7#a ,pet4 ii4 #ai71 are *ildr5 ( ,god1 :om he is educat+ = a bett] _w4 ,if t1 aga91 be s1 !n--:5 ,*ri/ians p]secut$ ,mahometans1 ,romani/s burn$ ,prote/ants1 & ,spani>ds slaught]$ ,mexicans & ,p]uvians--x foll[s t ! vanqui%$1 & n ! conqu]ors1 7 ! elect ( ! ,fa!r4 ,b ?is d$uction directly opposes ^? promises said to be made to ! ,jews by ,jehovah1 viz41 t victory %\ld be ! rew>d ( _! piety4 ,z x is a poor sy/em :i* decl>es t two opposite results come f ! same cause1 we mu/ refuse to believe t bo? victory & defeat are pro(s ( a ,fa!r's love4 ,i am q aw>e t "s read] may retort t a k9d p>5t may puni% "o *ild at ! same "t t he rew>ds ano!r4 ,i grant x at once1 b t only demon/rates1 if x proves any?+1 t all creatures mu/ be reg>d$ alike z ! (fspr+ ( ! ,creator1 & t none are fav\r$ peculi>ly on ! "o h&1 or are outca/s on ! o!r4 ,z x is undesirable to mix political up ) religi\s ev5ts1 ,i refra9 f draw+ f hi/ory su* illu/rations z h frequ5tly be5 suppos$ to indicate ! w ( ! ,almighty4 ,! fall f p[] ( ,egypt1 ,tyre1 ,assyria1 ,babylonia1 ,p]sia1 ,greece1 ,c>?age1 ,rome1 ,spa91 are all suppos$ to h be5 caus$ by "s special provid5tial design4 ,9 l mann] !ologians draw c]ta9 d$uctions f ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w1 & ! slaught] ( ! majority ( its aborig9al inhabitants2 f ! ,crusades2 f ! influx ( ! ,turks into ,*ri/5dom2 & ( ! ,moors into ,spa94 ,"s1 ^: imag9ative p[]s ov]:elm _! reason+ faculties1 see 9 ! w>s ( rec5t times t f9al %ak+ ( ! nations1 :i* "s soi-disant prophet decl>es mu/ prec$e ! mill5nium1 & ! battle ( ,armag$don2 vacc9ators1 & int]pret]s are z abundant & irrepressible n[ z ev] !y 74 ,_! fundam5tal assumption is t ,god has act$ z !y w\ld h done 9 ,8 place4 ,n[ ,he is a sort ( ,iri% l&lord1 a portion ( ^: prop]ty is ov]run ) paup] f>m]s1 & ,he cle>s !m away to make room = m s5sible & weal?i] t5ants1 z ! ,canaanites 7 remov$ to give place to ! ,hebrews4 ,n[1 ,he is repres5t$ z a p>5t1 :o he>+ t a son has engag$ 9 fight & be5 conqu]$1 m]ely rem>ks s]ves him "r6--! k9d ( com=t giv5 to ! ,jews aft] !y _h be5 h>ri$ by ! ,edomite conf$]acy1 & subsequ5tly by ! ,*aldeans4 ,aga91 ! same mighty ,jehovah is repres5t$ z a ,/oic1 :o rem>ks1 :5 "s mis*ance happ5s to ^? :o are said to be 8 *ildr51 ,nev] m9d1 accid5ts w happ5--?r\gh mu* tribulation y mu/ ent] into my re/1 or ! k+dom ( heav54 ,i entirely decl9e to adopt ! pr(ession ( prophet & int]pret]1 cont5t+ myself ) increas+ :at k ,i may h1 r ?an endeav\r+ to d$uce f x !ories ^: weakness an h\r may demon/rate2 nor d ,i put fai? 9 any "o :o adopts su* a bus9ess4 ,= example1 let u assume t two savage tribes1 hav+ gods ( diff]5t names & %apes1 g to w> on ! bidd+ ( _! prie/s--"o is conqu]$ & ! o!r is victori\s4 ,! "o attributes 8 rev]se to ! ang] ( 8 own deity1 n to ! p[] ( ! god ( 8 enemy4 ,! o!r imag9es t he owes success to ! influ5ce ( 8 protector & 8 sup]iority ov] 8 foe's feti%4 ,a civiliz$ on-look]1 :o believes t all ! deities are devils & p[]less1 attributes victory & defeat to p]fectly natural causes1 e4g41 sup]iority 9 weapons1 tactics1 numb]s1 or /r5g?4 ,x is cle> t nei!r ! d$uctions ( ! fir/ nor second m5 are "r2 nei!r has read ! m9d ( 8 feti%4 ,s x is ) ! half educat$ !ologians ( our own day1 :o ?9k & talk z glibly ( ,god & ,satan1 z if !y 7 p]sonal acqua9tances1 :o make no secret ei!r ( _! de$s or _! motives ( action4 ,once m we return to ! ,dhammapada & f9d1 #bdh4 ,o1 man1 "k ?is1 t ! unre/ra9$ are 9 a bad /ate2 take c>e t gre$9ess & vice d n br+ !e to grief = a long "t4 ,we d n "h seek to f9d any p>allel passage 9 ! bible1 b we turn to hi/ory1 remote & collat]al1 & comp>e ! prie/hood ( ,buddha ) t ( ,jesus4 ,does travel tell u ( any set ( tea*]s m self-d5y+ ?an ! individuals :o devote !mselves z religi\s ,buddhi/s8 ,c hi/ory1 on ! o!r h&1 tell u ( any hi]>*y m gre$y & vici\s ?an ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood 9 ! middle ages1 & d[n to a comp>atively rec5t p]iod8 ,we w n accuse !m ( vice1 b ev5 n[ is !re 9 ! :ole _w a m grasp+ set ( m5 ?an ^? :o h receiv$ :at !y t]m holy ord]s f ! desc5dants ( ,jesus or ( ,pet]8 ,i tr[ n4 ,if1 !re=e1 a doctr9e is to be kn[n by its fruits1 9 "o respect at lea/ ,buddhism is sup]ior to t :i* we call ,*ri/ianity1 by :i* t]m ,i d n mean ! exceptional practice ( a few1 b ! g5]al habits ( ! majority ( ! bi%ops1 prie/s1 c41 ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,once m let u contra/ ! doctr9e ( ,buddha ) ! practice ( ,*ri/ians4 ,he says-- ,da4 #bef1 #g4 ,a man is n a j judge if he c>ries a matt] by viol5ce2 no1 he :o di/+ui%es bo? "r & wrong1 :o is le>n$1 & leads o!rs1 n by viol5ce1 b by law & equity1 he :o is a gu>dian ( ! law & equity1 he :o is a gu>dian ( ! law1 & intellig5t1 he is call$ j4 ,our hi/ories tell u ( ,*ri/ians p]secut+ ,*ri/ians2 ,tr9it>ians endeav\r+ to extirpate ,arians2 ,franciscans tortur+ ,dom9icans2 ( ,jews slaught]$ by ^? ^: ma/] said1 ,fa!r1 =give !m2 we see brutal ,spani>ds ext]m9at+1 "u ! %ad[ ( ! cross1 :ole nations 9 ! new _w :o _h nev] h>m$ !m1 & 9 ! old _w we f9d ,crusad]s1 "u ! guise ( piety1 murd]+ & robb+ ! dwell]s 9 ,pale/9e4 ,!re is sc>cely a l>ge t[n 9 ,europe :i* has n witness$ ! f]oci\s viol5ce ( ,papal1 yea1 & ,prote/ant1 hi]>*s4 ,ev5 9 rec5t times we h se5 bi%ops & _! cong5]s1 9 our s-call$ civiliz$ nation1 oppose viol5ce1 & ! popgun ?und] ( excommunication1 to a le>n$ prelate1 & to an humble prie/4 ,judg$ by ! /&>d ( ,buddha1 our div9es are unju/ & unrighte\s4 ,i _c discov] any /&>d by :i* !y c be reg>d$ z praisewor?y1 except t embodi$ 9 ! two say+s1 ,get :at y c1 & :at y get hold2 ,:]e ignorance is bliss1 'tis folly to be wise4 ,we may say ( su* p]secutors1 9 ! words ( ! ,dhammapada-- #bfj4 ,a man is n an eld] because 8 head is grey2 8 age may be ripe1 b he is call$ old 9 va91 & _m w\ld at once be able1 if !y tri$1 to rememb] ! names ( "s :o1 9 a ,*ri/ian community1 h ab&on$ _! pr9ciples1 or _! le>n+1 z soon z !y became bi%ops or eld]s ( ! *ur*4 ,i h no d\bt ,popes h done s4 ,!re is a say+1 t h[ev] clev] a man is1 y make a fool ( him by plac+ a mitre ^u 8 head4 ,! foll[+ is1 p]haps1 m curi\s ?an our previ\s quotations1 z x tells ( ! pre-,*ri/ian antiquity ( a common ,romi% cu/om3-- #bfd4 ,n by tonsure does an undiscipl9$ man1 :o speaks falsehood1 become a ,sramana2 c a man be a ,sra-mana :o is /ill held captive by desire & gre$9ess8 ,! ,sramana is a ^w equival5t to our prie/1 lit]ally1 a man :o p]=ms h>d p5ances 7see ,dhammapada1 ,note #bfe1 p4 cxxxii474 ,)\t copy+ any o!r texts f ! ,dhammapada1 we may next inquire :at !re is to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible t is n to be f\nd 9 ! tea*+ ( ,buddha4 ,we notice t ! elem5t ( s-call$ prophecy is :olly want+ 9 ! say+s ( ! ,indian sage4 ,i _c rememb] t ei!r ,sakya ,muni or any ( 8 foll[]s assum$ ! p[] to =etell ! future4 ,!re is1 x is true1 a vague ?reat ( future mis]y to ! wick$1 :i* 0 f\nd$ ^u ! preval5t idea ( metempsy*osis2 b !re is no endeav\r to p\rtray ! occurr5ces t are suppos$ to be imp5d+ ov] "o or m sections ( ! human race4 ,!re is n any attempt to induce individuals to jo9 !mselves to ! son ( ,maya1 by decl>ations t ! _w1 & all t x conta9s1 is ab\t to be de/roy$1 & t all :o d n become disciples ( ! tea*]1 & %elt] !mselves "u 8 mantle1 w be mis]ably puni%$ ?r\gh\t et]nity4 ,!re is n any ,buddhi/ description 9 detail1 ei!r ( ,hell1 or ,heav51 or ,nirvana2 !re is no /ory ( worms1 fires1 devils1 dea?1 & ! l1 9 ! fir/4 ,! second is n depict$1 by ! prea*] himself1 z a sort ( palace1 made gorge\s ) gold & preci\s /ones1 res\nd+ 9 b>b>ic music1 & discordant *ants1 :]e animals dwell1 & :]e horses are kept /abl$1 to g ?r\gh\t ! _w ) mess5g]s ^u _! backs 7see ,ze*>iah i4 #h1 #aj2 vi4 #b1 #g2 ,rev4 iv4 #f1 #g2 vi4 #b1 #d1 #h74 ,!re are no d5unciations ( v5geance ^u h]etics1 nor is ! god ( ,buddha l ! "o describ$ by ,hebrew writ]s1 :o w9ks dur+ times ( ignorance ^u e>? 7,acts xvii4 #cj71 :o requires to be rem9d$ by pray] ( ! wants ( m5 7,exod4 iii4 #g71 & :o comes d[n to e>? to inquire if matt]s are accord+ to ! acc\nts :i* h rea*$ 8 dwell+-place 7,g54 xviii4 #ba74 ,9 ,sidd>?a's tea*+ !re is1 z we h se51 an abs5ce ( ! elem5t ( pray]4 ,accord+ to 8 view1 ea* man is reg>d$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 z ! au?or ( 8 own de/9y4 ,man1 9 8 op9ion1 mu/ ev] be influ5c$ by ! actions ( o!r m5--he may1 = example ei!r be c>ess$ or torm5t$1 yet1 "u bo? circum/ances1 he is in/ruct$ to reta9 equanimity ( m9d4 ,he is n to pray = prosp]ity1 nor to supplicate t trials may be remov$4 ,he is to face & ov]come e trial by 8 resolute w1 & n to wa/e "t 9 pray+ n to be l$ into temptation4 ,aga91 9 ,buddha's writ+s1 & 9 ^? ( 8 foll[]s1 !re is an abs5ce ( ^? obsc5e tales ) :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t ab\nds4 ,we seek 9 va9 = c\nt]p>ts ( ! /ory ( ,lot & 8 daught]s1 ( ,onan1 ( ,joseph & ! wife ( ,potiph>1 ( ,judah & ,tam>1 ,david & ,ba?%eba1 ,amnon & 8 si/]1 ,zimri ,cozbi & ,ph9ehas1 & ! l4 ,x is true1 t 9 "s ,buddhi/ writ+s1 !re is a cosmogony introduc$ m prepo/]\s ?an t 9 ! ,bible2 b !re are no p>allels to ! tales ( ,noah1 ( ,moses1 & ( ,israel 9 ,egypt1 ! des]t1 & ,pale/9e4 ,inde$1 :5 we rememb] t ,sakya ,muni 0 an ,ori5tal1 accu/om$ to inflat$ language1 we are /ruck by ! pla9ness ( 8 spee*4 ,if we n[ ask ourselves1 z e>ne/ practical ,*ri/ians--t is1 z m51 anxi\s & eag] to atta9 to religi\s tru?1 & desir\s ( tea*+ only ^? ?+s :i* w\ld t5d t[>ds s\nd edification & to a pure morality--:at p>ts ( ! ,bible mo/ (f5d s5se ( propriety1 we %\ld answ]1 t !y are its unt5able cosmogony2 its prepo/]\s acc\nts ( ! longevity ( ! m5 report$ z be+ ! e>lie/ =m$2 ! leg5d ( ! flood2 ! orig9 ( ! ra9b[2 ! tales ( ,moses1 ,ph>aoh1 ! plagues ( ,egypt1 ! soj\rn 9 ! des]t1 ! capture ( ,canaan1 ! miracul\s battles1 9 :i* ea* man ( ,israel put a ?\s& enemies to flight4 ,we w\ld :olly expunge ! fabul\s acc\nt ( ,elijah & ,eli%a2 ! rav+s aft] v5geance utt]$ by ! prophets2 ! apocryphal episodes describ$ 9 ! books ( ,jonah & ,daniel1 e obsc5e /ory1 & disgu/+ spee* & writ+1 :e!r utt]$ z a ?reat aga9/ ,israel or 8 enemies4 ,9 l mann] we w\ld wi% to expunge1 f ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 ev]y?+ relat+ to ! imm$iate de/ruction ( ! _w--ev]y?+ connect$ ) community ( goods1 ! advantages ( begg>y1 & ! pot5cy ( fai? & pray]4 ,we w\ld suppress e miracle1 & say no?+ ( a resurrection ( ! dead ,jesus4 ,we w\ld equally ab&on any attempt to describe ,heav5 or ,hell1 or any int]m$iate /ate4 ,:5 all ^! 7 remov$ f ! ,bible1 we positively %\ld h v little left1 except a c]ta9 am\nt ( morality :i* is s\nd1 & a l>ge portion :i* is radically bad4 ,to make su* an em5dat$ book z p]fect z possible1 we might1 ) great advantage1 correct x f ! tea*+ ( ,buddha or f ! say+s ( ,socrates1 ,plato1 ,epic-tetus1 & ev5 ( ,confucius2 & :5 all 0 complet$1 x w\ld be f\nd t all m51 ev]y:]e1 h _h in/9ctive notions1 m or less def9ite1 ( morality1 b h all[$ _! animal passions to ov]come _! bett] feel+s4 ,f> too _m ( u "k ! good1 b yet ! bad pursue4 ,?is inve/igation w\ld mo/ di/9ctly disprove ! ass]tion1 t ,god has select$ a v small p]c5tage ( ,8 creatures = objects ( ,8 c>e1 & ^? :o h *>ity t[>ds all m5 w\ld greatly rejoice !reat4 ,individually we _c be> to eat1 h[ev] hungry we may be1 :il/ we see o!rs ne> u )\t food--our pleasure is height5$ :5 we divide our luxuries ) o!rs2 j s we believe x %\ld be 9 religion--none %\ld rejoice at ! idea t he is "o ( ! few t are to be sav$1 nor %\ld anyone rep9e1 z ,jonah did1 :5 he f9ds t ! t5d] m]cies ( ,god are ov] all 8 works4 ,to simplify ! matt] z f> z possible1 ,i h drawn up ! foll[+ p>allel betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity3-- ,illu/ration3 #bfc ,illu/ration3 #bfd ,illu/ration3 #bfe ,illu/ration3 #bff ,illu/ration3 #bfg ,9 ! next *apt] ,i propose to exam9e1 z f> z au?orities w p]mit1 ! religion ( ! ,p]sians--a nation int]v5+1 to a great degree1 betwe5 ! old ,aryan & ! ,%emitic races4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,m$o-,p]sians & ,p>sees4 ,artfulness ( !ologians4 ,!y sy/ematically break ! n9? comm&m5t4 ,frauds 9 or?odoxy4 ,a man may use false weights innoc5tly1 b is puni%$1 nev]!less4 ,9 !ology ignorance does n ju/ify deceit4 ,case 9 trade4 ,pr(essional bl9dness4 ,a law = puni%+ adult]ation ( tru? is want$4 ,mosaism & ,zoroa/]4 ,p>sees & ,*ri/ians4 ,moses & ,zoroa/]4 ,! anci5t magi4 ,! ,p]sians4 ,conflict+ ideas ( ,god 9 ,bible4 ,! s\rce ( ! ,biblical !ology4 ,cyrus4 ,inquiry into ! au!nticity ( ! ,ave/a4 ,! book condemn$4 ,acc\nt ( ! ,m$o-,p]sian fai? f ,h]odotus4 ,p]iod ( introduction ( ! ,devil to ! ,bible4 ,summ>y4 ,comp>ison & contra/4 ,introduction to next *apt]4 ,9 e anci5t1 &1 inde$1 9 e mod]n1 fai? :i* ,i h yet exam9$1 ,i h be5 %ock$ ) ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 repres5t$ by int]e/$ oppon5ts4 ,:e!r !y are ,romani/s or ,prote/ants1 ,evangelicals or ,rituali/s1 ,or?odox or ,non-con=mi/s1 all our div9es endeav\r to prove _! own t5ets to be ! be/1 by blazon+ ev]y?+ :i* is good1 & veil+ f sight ev]y?+ :i* is d\btful4 ,?is be+ s1 x is n at all surpris+ t ,*ri/ians g5]ally %\ld try to exalt ! religion pr(ess$ by !mselves ov] t prop\nd$ by o!rs1 :om !y designate hea!ns4 ,b ?\gh x is n /range t v human p>tisans %\ld act ?us1 x is m>vell\s to f9d t all ! ard5t disciples ( ,jesus1 )\t an exception1 t ,i "k (1 %\ld1 9 _! deal+s ) mank9d1 sy/ematically break ! n9? ( ^? comm&m5ts :i* !y ass]t 7 giv5 by ,god to man1 ^u ,m\nt ,s9ai ,all ( !m be> false witness aga9/ _! neighb\r1 & give incorrect acc\nts ( !mselves 9 addition4 ,!y resemble1 inde$1 ^? ,dut* m]*ants :om ,wa%+ton ,irv+ describes1 s pleasantly1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,new ,york1 :o _h two sets ( weights1 a heavy lot by :i* to pur*ase1 & a light set by :i* to sell ,su* trad]s we call fraudul5t2 & ,i ass]t t e s-call$ or?odox polemic ^: books ,i h read des]ves ! same epi!t4 ,_! fraud is %[n by ! misrepres5tations t !y make1 bo? ( ! cre$ :i* !y uphold & ! "o :i* !y oppose4 ,! het]odox & ! s-call$ a!i/ may be tru/$1 at lea/1 to tell ! tru?4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i d n ass]t t ev]yone gives false witness kn[+ly1 any m ?an ,i w\ld blame a tradesman = us+ false scales1 or weights1 if he c\ld demon/rate t he _h pur*as$ !m z true1 & c\ld %[ t he _h nev] tamp]$ ) !m4 ,yet ! law w\ld puni% su* a man = _! use1 argu+ t he ought to h made inquiry4 ,9 "o ( ! l>ge t[ns ( ,great ,brita91 on "o occasion1 a m]*ant1 believ$ to be bo? religi\s & hone/1 sold to a brok] a c>go ( /uff :i* _h no exi/5ce1 &1 :5 ! deliv]y _h to be made1 ! fir/ de/roy$ himself1 & ! second 0 adjudg$ to be a culpable bankrupt1 because he _h tak5 ! exi/5ce ( ! oil = grant$1 )\t inve/igation4 ,j s x is ) ord9>y div9es2 !y assume c]ta9 /atem5ts 9 _! own religi\s book to be true--!y are taught to %ut _! eyes to ! absurdities 9 ! same volume1 & to expla9 away1 9 "o mann] or ano!r1 ev]y?+ :i* militates aga9/ common s5se4 ,by ?is plan !y contrive to sell1 z /]l+ /uff1 some?+ :i* is made ( base mat]ial1 )\t kn[+ly be+ p>ties to a fraud4 ,9 ! same way a %opman may1 on ! ^w ( ! manufactur]1 dispose ( a piece ( goods z :olly silk1 al?\gh he has a %rewd presumption t ! fabric conta9s a l>ge proportion ( cotton4 ,= su* individuals we h ! prov]b1 !re are none s bl9d z ^? :o w n see4 ,b ^! v !ologians ( :om we are speak+1 :5 !y are deal+ ) ! sacr$ books1 ord9>y cu/oms1 ritual1 & ! l1 ( o!r p1 hav+ a diff]5t religion to _! own1 are exact1 9 ! extreme--e absurdity is exhibit$ ru?lessly2 e leg5d is ridicul$2 e discrepancy is magnifi$2 & ev]y?+ :i* betrays ignorance1 or want ( sci5tific k1 is p>ad$ ) +lori\s c]emony4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ev]y?+ good :i* is to be f\nd !re9 is1 if possible1 suppress$4 ,a book1 :i* 01 = a long "t1 a /&>d "o among/ our div9es1 entitl$1 ,*ri/ & ,_m ,ma/]s1 is p>ticul>ly op5 to ?is *>ge4 ,9 x !re is ?r\gh\t a suppressio v]i1 a sugge/io falsi1 & sc>cely a page t does n be> false witness4 ,if !re 7 a law to puni% ^? :o adult]ate or falsify tru?1 our magi/rates w\ld be kept extremely busy4 ,z an inquiry into ! realities ( ,buddhism has l$ u to ! belief t ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity may be f\nd 9 ! doctr9es ( ! son ( ,maya1 :i* 7 adopt$ ) c]ta9 ,judaic modifications by ! sons ( ,elizabe? & ,m>y--s x is highly probable t :at is call$ ,mosaism has be5 built ^u ! tea*+s ( ! ,p]sian or ,m$ian !ology1 said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,zoroa/]4 ,p]haps x w\ld be difficult to f9d any mod]n evid5ce ( ! likelihood ( ?is hypo!sis m p[]ful ?an ! fact t at ! pres5t day ! ,jews & ! ,p>sees frat]nize almo/ l bro!rs4 ,! latt] 9 ,engl&1 &1 ,i und]/&1 else:]e1 select1 :5 !y c1 ! h\se ( a ,hebrew :]e9 to lodge1 r ?an t ( any man ( ano!r nation4 ,to ?is te/imony1 su* z x is1 we mu/ add ano!r :i* is v tell+1 viz41 t almo/ e mod]n or?odox writ] :o has treat$ ( ,zoroa/]1 has decl>$ t ! prophet ( ,p]sia drew 8 inspiration f ! lawgiv] ( ,israel ,! priority ( ! latt] be+ ass]t$1 & ! second place hav+ be5 giv5 to ! =m]1 ! matt] 0 suppos$ to be prov$1 & ! ,p]sian1 aft] hav+ be5 reg>d$ z a copy ( ! ,hebrew1 0 consign$ to oblivion4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! tea*+s ( ,zoroa/] _h m life 9 !m ?an ^? ei!r ( ! ,jew or ! ,*ri/ian1 = ! ,p>see always & ev5 to ! pres5t day1 & 9 e position ( life1 may lay claim to ! title ( nature's g5tleman1 :i* v few ( ! disciples ( ,jesus or ( ,moses c\ld pret5d to until v rec5tly4 ,! morality ( ^! religioni/s is excell5t4 ,9 e relation ( life !y endeav\r to be1 to d1 & to ?9k t :i* is "r--& ?\gh !re may be black %eep among/ !m1 ! proportion ( ^! to ! ma9 body is small ,9 no p]iod ( _! hi/ory1 s f> z ,i c le>n x1 h ! ,zoroa/rians be5 z brutal z ! ,*ri/ians 7 s long z !y _h ! p[]--nor h !y ev] introduc$ into _! wor%ip figures ( m51 wom51 or *ildr5 ) ! app>5t int5tion ( hon\r+ or ador+ !m1 or ! ass]tion t su* ?+s assi/$ _! devotions4 ,be+ /rictly mono!i/s1 !y h n split up ! ,godhead into ?ree males influ5c$ by a female :o is ! sp\se ( "o & "m ( a second2 nor h ass]t$ t ! "o great ,creator is comp\nd$ ( a fa!r1 a son1 & a pigeon1 ) a woman = an int]cessor ) h] cele/ial consort4 ,nor d ! ,p>sees build va/ temples = ! ,almighty to dwell 91 nei!r d !y r$uce any portion ( ! ,omnipot5t to ! necessity ( resid+ 9 a bit ( bread %ut up = _m a long day 9 a box4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! mod]n foll[]s ( ,zoroa/] wor%ip ! fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?--n ) eye s]vice z m5-pleas]s1 b ) s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god 7,col4 iii4 #bb471 ?us be+1 z we are told1 ! v m5 :om ! ,almighty seeke? 7,john iv4 #bc1 #bd74 ,! fir/ resemblance betwe5 ! ,p]sian & ! ,jewi% lawgiv] to :i* we w\ld call att5tion1 is ! my?ical nature ( bo?4 ,! ,hebrew :o believes 9 ,moses c %[ no o!r gr\nd = 8 fai? ?an a numb] ( books :i* tell ( ,moses1 8 g5ealogy1 8 acts1 8 laws1 8 "*1 & 8 dea?4 ,yet :5 an indep5d5t inquir] subjects ^! books1 & ! acc\nts :i* !y conta91 to a rigid exam9ation1 he f9ds evid5ce t ! writ+s are fabrications ( a p]iod at lea/ a full ?\s& ye>s aft] ! era ( _! suppos$ epo*--probably m2 & t all collat]al te/imony & all int]nal evid5ce drawn f ! books !mselves disprove ! actual exi/5ce ( ,moses4 ,to ! s*ol>1 ! ,hebrew lawgiv] is z apocryphal or fictiti\s a be+ z ,h]cules1 ,romulus1 & our own k+ ,ar?ur4 ,nor is ?is belief ( ! critic %ak5 :5 he f9ds t ! hi/ory ( ,moses is int]wov5 ) miracul\s leg5ds--cr$it !m he _c2 b he may pause be=e he det]m9es to see 9 !m evid5ce ( fabrication4 ,he _c fairly d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 because _m m>vell\s /ories 7 told ( him1 nor w\ld a simil> cause alone lead him to ass]t t ,francis ( ,assisi 0 a my?ical individual4 ,b :i*ev] way ! c>eful philosophical inquir] may decide ! que/ions at issue1 he w rememb] t _m /range /ories are told ( ! conception1 bir?1 & life ( ,zoroa/]1 & t ! critic mu/ mete out equal ju/ice1 bo? to ! ,jew & to ! ,p]sian4 ,aga91 imp>tial inquir]s f9d !mselves unable to det]m9e1 ) any?+ approa*+ to accuracy1 ei!r by int]nal evid5ce or contempor>y rema9s--! positive epo* :5 ! tale ab\t ,moses 0 orig9at$4 ,x is true t ! ,bible seems to af=d f\ndation = a *ronology 9 a few p>ts1 z1 = example1 9 ! hi/orical books2 b ^! are s completely contradict$ by g5ealogies 9 o!r p>ts t we _c tru/ !m4 ,aft] /ripp+ away e d\btful scrap f ,jewi% hi/ory1 all we c f9d is1 t ,moses 0 fir/ talk$ (1 famili>ly1 aft] :at maybe call$ ! ,grecian ,captivity ( ,j]usalem 7see ,obadiah1 ,anci5t ,fai?s1 c4t ,vol4 ii471 & t he 0 said to be ! au?or ( ! c]emonial1 moral1 & political laws :i* 7 fram$ = ! ,jewi% nation1 & :i* 7 assidu\sly taught to ! ,hebrews aft] ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,! foll[]s ( ,zoroa/] are equally ignorant ( ! real hi/ory ( _! prophet1 & are equally unable to demon/rate ! claim ( ! ,z5d ,ave/a to be a true acc\nt ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,p]sian sage1 z are ! ,jews to prove ! antiquity ( _! laws & nation4 ,putt+ on "o side all ^? :i* may be reg>d$ z mod]n fancies1 ! fir/ m5tion made ( ! ,prophet is 9 ! fir/ ,alcibiades ( ,plato1 :i* we may imag9e 0 writt5 %ortly aft] ,b4c4 #dab1 9 :i* ye> t di/+ui%$ ,greek citiz5 negociat$ a treaty betwe5 ,a!ns & ,p]sia4 ,plato1 :5 speak+ ( ! education ( ! sons ( ! k+s ( ,p]sia1 says 7,bohn's edition1 ,vol4 iv41 p4 #cdd71 ,at f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 !y :o are call$ ! royal preceptors1 take ! boy "u _! c>e4 ,n[ ^! are *os5 out f ^? :o are deem$ mo/ excell5t ( ! ,p]sians1 m5 9 ! prime ( life1 f\r 9 numb]1 excell+ 7sev]ally7 9 wisdom1 ju/ice1 temp]ance1 & =titude4 ,! fir/ ( ^! in/ructs ! y\? 9 ! le>n+ ( ! ,magi1 accord+ to ,zoroa/]1 ! son ( ,oromazes--n[ by ?is le>n+ is meant ! wor%ip ( ! gods--& likewise 9 ! art ( k+ly gov]nm5t4 ,b ,h]odotus1 writ+ ab\t ,b4c4 #dej1 :5 giv+1 9 ,book i1 c4 #aca1 an acc\nt ( ! religion ( ! ,p]sians1 makes n only no m5tion ( ,zoroa/]1 b attributes to t nation a =m ( wor%ip diff]+ f :at is suppos$ to be pure ,zoroa/rianism299 b he m5tions--& x seems to be a significant fact1 t x is n lawful = a ,p]sian to sacrifice unless "o ( ! ,magi is pres5t1 :o s+s an ode conc]n+ ! orig9al ( ! gods :i*1 !y say1 is an incantation4 99 ,!re is /rong con/ructive evid5ce1 f ! nature ( ! ,aryan ,my?ology1 f ! pages ( ! ,v$as1 f ! an?ropological resemblances betwe5 ,p]sians1 ,caucasians1 ,greeks1 ,lat9s1 ,g]mans1 ,briti%1 & o!rs2 f ! l+ui/ic alliances betwe5 :at h be5 call$ ! ,indo- ,g]manic races2 & f a v>iety ( o!r s\rces1 ea* small 9 itself1 b /rong 9 ! aggregate1 = ! belief t ! orig9 ( ! ,aryan my?ology1 or ! ,v$ic religion z x is o!rwise call$1 may be trac$ to ,bactria or to ,anci5t ,p]sia4 ,p]sia is spok5 ( by ,plato z if h] p c>ri$ ! dyna/ies ( _! k+s f> back into et]nity4 7,fir/ ,alcibiades1 ,bohn's edition1 vol4 iv41 p4 #cdc74 ,h]odotus aga9 7,book i41 c4 #aca7 tells u t ! ,p]sians f ! e>lie/ times h sacrific$ to ! sun & moon1 to ! e>?1 fire1 wat]1 & ! w9ds1 t !y sacrifice on high places1 h no div9e /atues1 nor d !y build temples4 ,n[ ?is is almo/ entirely a description ( ! old ,aryan religion4 ,! sun1 = example1 is ,surya1 ,aryama1 ,mitra1 ,vivaswat1 ,m>tunda1 ,savitor1 ,sura1 ,ravi1 ,v>una1 ,indra ,yama1 ,vi%nu1 & ,kri%na 7,moor's ,h9doo ,paillhcon1 p4 #bhg74 ,! moon is ,*&ra & ,soma1 & ! orig9 ( ^! words is to be f\nd 9 ! ,p]sian z well z 9 ! ,sanscrit writ+s 7,moor's ,h4 ,p41 p4 #bhd-e74 ,! ,e>? is ,prit'hivi1 #aa;a1 ,lak%mi1 & ,va/a4 ,fire is ! p[]ful ,agni4 ,! wat] is ,n>a1 or ,n>ayana 7,moor's ,,jet4 ,p41 #gd71 f :i* all ?+s came 7see ,wat] 9 ,anci5t ,fai?s71 & ! ,w9ds are ,m>uts & ,vaya4 ,to ^! deities1 individually or collectively1 ! mod]n ,h9doo (f]s pray] & praise2 & ! hymns ( ! ,rig ,v$a1 su* z we h !m edit$ by ,max ,mull] & ,wilson1 are copies probably ( ! same *ants :i* accompani$ ! sacrifices ( ! ,anci5t ,p]sians4 ,?is seems to indicate t ! ,p]sian religion 0 !n und]go+ "s sup]vision by rul]s :o _h a diff]5t fai? to t held at a lat] p]iod4 ,:5 we next turn to ,h]odotus1 ,book ,l1 c4 #aja1 we f9d t ! ,magi 7 "o ( ! six tribes :i* compos$ ! ,m$es2 & we notice t ,phraortes1 ! son ( ,deioces1 r$uc$ ! ,p]sian k+dom "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,m$es ab\t ,b4c4 #fej4 ,if1 !n1 we reg>d ,zoroa/] z be+ ! f\nd] ( ! ,magi1 we mu/ ?r[ back 8 epo* consid]ably fur!r ?an ?is date4 ,b ev5 if we accept ?is conque/ z ! era ( ! ,p>see prophet1 we f9d t ,zoroa/] prec$$ ! fir/ public promulgation ( ! ,mosaic law among/ ! ,jews499 99 ,"t ( ,zoroa/]4--,dr4 ,hang1 :o is no mean au?ority 9 ev]y?+ :i* conc]ns ,zoroa/rianism1 /ates 9 an able resume ( ! evid5ce1 t we _c assign a lat] date to ! prophet ?an #bcjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,he quotes f ,diog5es ,la]tius :o affirms t ,xan?os ( ,lydia1 b4c4 #fjj-dej1 /ates1 t ,zoroa/] liv$ #fjjj ye>s be=e ,x]xes invad$ ,greece2 f ,pl9y :o1 on ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle1 says t ! tea*] prec$$ ,plato by #fjjj ye>s2 f ,h]mippus ( ,smyrna1 :o /udi$ ,magism ,b4c4 #bej1 & av]r$ t ! f\nd] ( t sect liv$ #ejjj ye>s be=e ! ,trojan w>2 & f ,pl9y1 to %[ ! g5]al belief ( anci5t ,greek au?ors t ,zoroa/] liv$ _m ?\s& ye>s be=e ,moses4 ,dr4 ,haug says 7,i am quot+ f ,a ,lecture on an ,orig9al ,spee* ( ,zoroa/]1 ) ,rem>ks on 8 ,age1 by ,dr ,haug ,london3 ,triibn] ,co41 #ahfe71 t ! traditional books ( ! ,p>sees say ,z]do%t 7ano!r =m ( ! m famili> ,greek "n7 liv$ #cjj ye>s be=e ,alex&] invad$ ,p]sia4 ,our au?or adds t ,h]mippus1 9 #bej b4c41 speaks ( two millions ( v]ses ( ,zoroa/rian orig91 & inf]s t ^! w\ld require #ajjj ye>s = _! gr[?4 ,he !n po9ts out ! relation%ip betwe5 ! ,iranian & ! ,y$ic religion1 & ,zoroa/]'s antagonism to ! latt]1 & argues t ?is mu/ h happ5$ ere ! ,aryans invad$ ! ,punjaub1 #bjjj ye>s ,b4c4 ,dr4 ,haug !n inquires into ! probable s\rce :5ce ! ,greeks drew _! ideas respect+ ! antiquity ( ,z]do%t1 & argues1 ) great %[ ( reason1 t !y consult$ ! *ronology ( ! ,babylonian prie/s4 ,he %[s t a tru/wor?y record 0 kept :i* w5t back to #bbhd b4c41 ?is he concludes1 f data giv5 by ,b]osus1 0 ! ye> :5 ,babylon 0 conqu]$ by ! ,m$es2--& f ,synkellos he %[s t ! f\nd] ( ! dyna/y ( ! eight ,m$ian tyrants ov] ,babylon 0 call$ ,zoroa/]4 ,b ?is ^w1 ,z>a?u/ra1 9 ! orig9al1 signifies a high prie/1 & to di/+ui% him f o!r hi]>*s ! prophet is call$ ,z>a?u/ra ,spitama1 9 ! ,z5d ,ave/a--h5ce ?is k+ is suppos$ n to be ! prophet him self1 b a desc5dant f him1 & a prie/ 9 ! ord] :i* 0 f\nd$ by ! orig9al ,z]do%t4 ,?is aga9 po9ts to ! fact t ! ,babylonians c\ld only "k any?+ ab\t ! f\nd] ( ,magism f ! ,m$es !mselves1 & !y might1 f want ( any accurate *ronology1 assign to ,zoroa/] any date !y lik$--j z1 ) _m a semi-civiliz$ nation 'a long "t may be conv]t$ into t51 a hundr$1 a ?\s&1 or a million ye>s4' ,haug does n endeav\r to assign any p>ticul> date to ! era ( ,zoroa/] beyond express+ ! op9ion t he might h liv$ "o or two hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,m$ian conque/ ( ,babylon1 & t ?is occurr5ce 0 probably "o ( ! results ( ! f]m5t :i* 8 doctr9es caus$4 ,he prea*$1 l ,moses1 w> & de/ruction to all idolat]s & wick$ m51 & said t he 0 commission$ by ,god to spread ! religion ( ,ahura ,mazda4 ,d>+ 8 life-"t1 & %ortly aft] 8 dea?1 8 foll[]s seem to h engag$ 9 incessant w>s ) _! religi\s antagoni/s1 ! ,v$ic ,indians1 :i* /ruggle is well kn[n 9 ! ,sanscrit writ+s z t betwe5 ! ,asuras 7,ahura7 & ,devas 7! ,h9du gods74 ,b aft]w>ds !y spread we/w>d & invad$ ! c\ntries ( o!r idol wor%ipp]s 9 ord] to uproot idolatry1 & e/abli% ev]y:]e ! good ,mazdayan religion4 ,!y really appe> to h *ang$ ! ord] ( ?+s 9 ,babylon :5 !y conqu]$ x1 & spread a new cre$1 = !y are spok5 ( by ,b]osus z tyrants4 ,zoroa/] 0 ! fir/ prophet ( tru? :o appe>$ 9 ! _w1 & k9dl$ a fire :i* ?\s&s ( ye>s c\ld n entirely ext+ui%4 ,:5 ,moses 0 fir/ talk$ ab\t we "k n1 b at ! "t ( ,samuel1 ,david1 & ,josiah he 0 unkn[n4 ,we h no reason to believe t ! ,hebrews ev] came into contact )1 or ev] he>d ( ! ,p]sians1 until aft] ! ,babyloni% conque/1 foll[$ by t ( ,cyrus2 consequ5tly1 if ! ,jewi% law fir/ prop\nd$ conta9$ no?+ ak9 to ! doctr9es & laws ( ,zoroa/]1 & subsequ5t publications did s1 we %\ld naturally conclude t ! la/ 7 copi$4 ,x is unnecess>y to tell ! /ud5t ( biblical hi/ory t ! ,jews 7 = _m ye>s "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,p]sians & ,m$es1 & t ,nehemiah1 "o ( _! great m51 aft] ! ,babylonian captivity1 0 a p]sonal1 ?\gh humble1 fri5d1 ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia--i4e41 if we take 8 acc\nt ( himself = true4 ,( ! fact ( !re be+ two di/9ct doctr9es respect+ ! ,almighty 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t no s*ol> has a d\bt4 ,9 ! "o1 ,god is repres5t$ z ! sole ,be+ :o rules & influ5ces ! _w3 :atsoev] 0 done ,he 0 reg>d$ z ! do] ( x4 ,he _h no p[]ful enemy :o c\ld ?w>t ,8 w1 no adv]s>y :o c\ld )/& ,him successfully4 ,9 ! o!r ! exi/5ce ( two rival p[]s is di/9ctly recognis$--,jehovah & ,satan--! ,aryan ,m>a1 ! tempt]1 :o plot & c\nt]plot aga9/ ea* o!r1 & ev5 condesc5d to p]sonal wrangl+4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s example :i* we c give ( ^! two doctr9es is to be f\nd 9 #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #a1 9 :i* we are told t ,jehovah mov$ ,david to numb] ,israel1 :]eas 9 #a ,*ron4 xxi4 #a1 evid5tly writt5 by a mod]n scribe1 we f9d t ,satan1 ! adv]s>y1 0 he :o incit$ ! k+ to p]=m ?is de$4 ,we see ! duality ( p]sons conspicu\sly put =w>d 9 ! fir/ & second *apt]s ( ,job1 9 :i* ,satan is repres5t$ z be+ at l>ge1 n be+ ev5 "u ! surveillance ( ,jehovah4 ,see also #a ,k+s xxii4 #bj-bc1 :]e9 we f9d ,jehovah at a loss h[ to br+ ab\t a c]ta9 result1 & assi/$ out ( a dilemma by a ly+ _s--:o c d :at ! ,"l c\ld n effect6 ,we may say t ! /ory is a fiction1 b no ,hebrew d>e h spok5 ?us ( ,jehovah _h he ev] he>d ( ,moses & 8 laws4 ,z we _c imag9e t a revelation f ,god to ! ,hebrews w\ld be ?us *angeable1 we c come to no o!r conclusion ?an t ! ,jewi% writ+s 7 ( human orig91 & _! fir/ doctr9es modifi$ by ^? ( o!r nations to :om ! ,hebrews 7 subjects or enslav$4 ,to ?is consid]ation we may add1 t :5 ! ,israelites came 9 contact ) ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 !y 7 m]ely a 'posse' ( slaves1 a cr[d ( prison]s remov$ f _! own l& )\t a %ad[ ( p[]1 or any influ5ce1 & only anxi\s to induce ^? :o _h conqu]$ _! late ma/]s1 ! ,babylonians1 to h pity on _! mis]y1 & re/ore !m to begg>$ ,j]usalem4 ,! idea ( ! ,hebrews ga9+ fri5ds by endeav\r+ to induce ! ,p]sian ,magi to *ange _! fai? & embrace t ( ! poor & probably despis$ ,jew is prepo/]\s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re w\ld be e possible inducem5t = ! ,hebrews to /udy ! fai? ( t p ^: ,god _h giv5 !m victory ov] ! ,*aldeans4 ,see 9 corroboration ( ?is ,ps4 cxxxvii41 especially ! two la/ v]ses4 ,we may reg>d ! "q be=e u 9 yet ano!r light1 ,if we are to all[ t ! words ( ,isaiah are correct1 :i* describe ,cyrus z ,god's %eph]d 7*4 xliv4 #bh71 & z ano9t$ by ,jehovah ,himself1 we _c conceive t ! religion :i* he pr(ess$ 0 oppos$ to t ent]ta9$ by ! ,hebrew prophet4 ,z x is morally impossible t ,cyrus & 8 hi]>*y 7 taught _! religion by any ,jew1 x foll[s t ! ,p]sian fai? c lay ! same claim to inspiration z ! ,hebrew1 if ! latt] 7 n inde$ almo/ id5tical ) x4 ,if1 !n1 we insi/ ^u ! latt] be+ a true revelation1 we mu/ conc$e ! same to ! =m]1 or if we pron\nce ! ,p]sian religion to be ( human inv5tion1 we mu/ pass a simil> v]dict ^u ! ,jewi%4 ,:5 we are ^u ! horns ( su* a great dilemma we may well pause4 ,x is inde$ almo/ impossible = or?odox div9es to make a selection :i* prong ( ! =k is ! wor/4 ,if we elect to say our belief is1 t ! primitive tea*+ ( ! ,hebrew 0 ,god-giv5 & a true revelation1 we _c put fai? 9 ^? scriptures :i* tell u ( a devil :o fights ) ,jehovah1 & is g5]ally victori\s4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we hold t ! ,*ri/ian notions ( ! ,creator & ,satan are true1 we mu/ reg>d ! ,zoroa/rian tea*+ z inspir$2 & ! e>ly ,jewi% writ+s z unwor?y ( cr$it--( human inv5tion & het]odox4 ,!ologians w probably elect to rema9 9 a /ate ( unc]ta9ty on ?is subject4 ,philosoph]s1 on ! contr>y1 w escape f x at once by ass]t+ _! conviction t bo? ! ,hebrew & ! ,magian religion are :olly ( human inv5tion499 99 ,:5 comm5c+ ?is *apt]1 x 0 my int5tion to amplify :at ,i h already said 9 ,vol4 ,,ii4 respect+ ! ,magian religion1 by giv+ an analysis ( ! celebrat$ ,z5d ,ave/a1 a translation ( :i* into ,fr5*1 by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 ,i _h rec5tly procur$ = ! purpose4 ,z ,i 0 aw>e t ,dr ,haug1 a le>n$ s*ol>1 believ$ ! orig9al to be tru/-wor?y1 ,i read ! translation 9 good fai?1 b ,i soon began to d\bt :e!r ! book 0 :at x pr(ess$ to be1 = to my m9d x bore int]nal evid5ce ( hav+ be5 fabricat$ at a comp>atively rec5t p]iod by "s "o :o 0 famili> bo? ) ! ,aryan & ! ,mosaic1 if n ! ,*ri/ian1 doctr9es & lit]ature4 ,i felt t ,i %\ld n be act+ hone/ly unless ,i took su* /eps z lay 9 my p[] to satisfy myself ^u ?is po9t ,! essay 0 !re=e laid aside = a consid]able "t1 until1 inde$1 e available s\rce ( in=mation _h be5 se>*$4 ,aft] my inquiry 0 ov] ! text 0 resum$ z above4 ,b 9 ! middle1 or p]haps we might say ^u ! ?re%old ( our inquiry1 we mu/ pause to exam9e into ! am\nt ( confid5ce :i* c be giv5 to ^? "u ^: guidance we are invit$ to place ourselves4 ,su* inve/igations are too frequ5tly omitt$4 ,^? :o h fai? 9 ! ,bible usually decl9e to se>* into ! gr\nds ( _! belief1 &1 9 l mann]1 ^? :o h always he>d ! au?or ( ! ,z5d ,ave/a quot$ z tru/wor?y are apt to take ev]y?+ :i* x may say z correct4 ,to avoid ?is error1 ,i h consult$ all ! volumes ( ! transactions ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society ( ,london1 & h f\nd !re9 suffici5t to ?r[ ! grave/ d\bts ^u ! great antiquity ( ! ,p>see religion4 ,x w be an useful task if ,i attempt to classify ! evid5ce on ea* side1 & to draw an inf]5ce !refrom4 ,our k respect+ ! ,magian religion :i* ! ,bactrian99 prophet f\nd$1 is built1 ) ! exception ( ! notices 9 ,greek & ,lat9 au?ors1 already quot$1 ^u ! "w kn[n z ! ,ave/a4 ,?is is writt5 9 a language call$ ,z&19999 & !re are )9 x p>ts1 :i* are writt5 9 ano!r tongue1 to :i* ! "n ( ,pahlavi has be5 giv51 & f ^! ! sacr$ books ( ! ,p>sees h be5 translat$ into ,fr5* by ,anquetil du ,p]ron1 into ,g]man by ,spiegel1 & into ,engli% by ,haug4 ,all ^! writ]s assume t ! language ref]r$ to is ,anci5t ,p]sian1 & closely alli$ to ! ,sanscrit1 & ,haug especially endeav\rs to demon/rate t ! ,ave/a1 & ! orig9 ( ! religion ( ! ,p>sees1 mu/ be z old z ! "t ( ! ,v$as1 inasmu* z ! same sort ( leg5ds1 ! same names1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! same g5ii1 are to be f\nd 9 bo?4 ,!re is n absolute id5tity1 h[ev]1 = ^? :i* are spok5 ( z good by ! ,v$as are treat$ z bad 9 ! ,ave/a4 ,view$ f ?is po9t1 ,haug assigns to ! ,z& volumes an age ( ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s1 & he supports 8 belief by a ref]5ce to ! l5g? ( "t :i* w\ld be requir$ to make up ! two million v]ses attribut$ to ,zoroa/] by "s ,greek au?or4 ,9 ! conclusion t bo? ! ,z& & ! ,pahlavi are v anci5t ,p]sian tongues1 x is /at$ t ! majority ( ,g]man & ,fr5* critics agree4 99 ,zoroa/] is said by _m e>ly writ]s to h be5 a k+ 9 ,bactria4--,smi?'s ,diction>y1 s4v4 9999 ,! ^w ,z5d is m famili> to _m ?an ! =m ,z&2 b ,i h adopt$ ! latt]1 z also ! spell+ ( ,pahlavi1 f an essay by ,mr ,rom]1 ) an introduction by ,pr(essor ,wilson1 9 ,vol4 ,,iv41 ,royal ,asiatic ,society's ,j\rnal4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 su* ori5tali/s z ,sir ,william ,jones1 ,colonel ,vans ,k5n$y1 ,mr ,?omas1 & ,mr ,rom]1 & inde$ all ,briti% ori5tal s*ol>s1 reg>d bo? ! ,z& & ! ,pahlavi z ba/>d languages1 nev] spok51 & :olly fabricat$ by a comp>atively mod]n prie/hood1 = ! express purpose ( mak+ ! holy books :i* !y wrote compreh5sible only by !mselves4 ,su* s*ol>s %[ t ! ,z& & ,pahlavi are built ^u a ,sanscrit1 ,arabic1 & mod]n ,p]sian model1 & t ! ,p>see ,pahlavi is v diff]5t to ! ,pehlevi ( ! ,sassanian co9s1 &1 9 ,vol4 ,,iv41 ,transactions ( ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,mr ,rom] supports ?is conclusion by a numb] ( passages 9 ! v>i\s languages ref]r$ to4 ,x is also ass]t$ t _m words 9 ! ,ave/a h be5 borr[$ f ! ,arabic1 & o!rs f ! ,sanscrit tongues1 possibly1 also1 f ! ,greek4 ,be+ unable1 f my comp>ative ignorance ( ,ea/]n language1 to =m a decid$ op9ion on indep5d5t gr\nds1 all t ,i c say is1 t x does really seem to be prov$ t ! religi\s books ( ! ,p>-sees are n s anci5t z !y h be5 by _m suppos$ to be4 ,! "q :i* next arises = our consid]ation is1 :e!r su* volumes repres5t ! t5ets ( an anci5t fai?1 or :e!r !y are ! fabrication ( m5 :o h1 possibly 9 ! wreck ( an old wor%ip1 br\ght ab\t by w> or o!r calamity1 endeav\r$ to create a new religion out ( ! relics ( "o or m old ones4 ,9 fav\r ( ! antiquity ( ! ,ave/a are ! facts t ! great god1 ,ahura ,mazdao1 seems to be almo/ id5tical ) ! ,aura ,mazda ( ! ,p]sepolitan inscription ( ,d>ius4 ,b 9 pro( ( its untru?fulness z a repres5tative ( pure ,p]sian tradition1 we f9d ! book introduc+ ,devs & ,ahuras1--! c\nt]p>t ( ! ,devas & ,asuras ( ! ,v$as1 only rev]s+ _! "*--we also see ,indra m5tion$ z a devil1 :il/ ,siva & ,mitra are introduc$ z ,%>va & ,miltra4 7,haug's ,essays on ! ,p>see1 ,bombay1 p4 #bcj1 #ahfb74 ,if1 !re=e1 we all[ t !re is "s ( ! old ,zoroa/rian doctr9e to be f\nd 9 ! ,ave/a1 we mu/ equally grant t su* tea*+ has be5 modifi$ by hatr$ ( a rival fai?4 ,yet h]e9 is ano!r "q1 viz41 ,0 ! antagonism betwe5 ! doctr9es ( ! ,ave/a & ( ! ,v$as contempor>y ) ! orig9 ( ! two sy/ems1 or 0 ! tea*+ ( ! ,ave/a ! result ( its au?or's com+ into ho/ile conflict ) ,v$ic tea*]s1 z !y possibly might h done aft] ,alex&] _h op5$ a highway = int]c\rse betwe5 ,p]sia & ,h9do/an8 ,on weigh+ ! subject z imp>tially z ,i c1 x seems to me t ! ,ave/a conta9s a great deal ( ! ,anci5t ,p]sian fai?1 b t x w be ! safe/ plan = u to describe :at is kn[n ( ! ,p]sian & ,m$ian fai? f o!r s\rces1 r ?an take our in=mation ma9ly f ?is d\btful s\rce4 ,h]odotus tells u ( 8 own k 7,b4 i1 c4 #aca1 seq471 t ! ,p]sians1 ab\t b4c4 #dej1 did n erect /atues1 temples1 or alt>s--t !y sacrific$ on l(ty hills to high heav51 ! sun1 moon1 fire1 wat]1 & ! w9ds1 & t ?is _h be5 a cu/om f "t immemorial ,sacrifice 0 att5d$ by a prie/ or magus1 & pray] & praise 7 (f]$1 n = !mselves alone1 b = all ! ,p]sians1 & especially = ! k+4 ,9 ab\t ! ye> #eba ,b4c41 ,d>ius1 k+ ( ! ,m$es1 caus$ be made1 9 ?ree languages1 ^u a rock at ,behi/un1 an inscription ( consid]able l5g?4 ,! "o :i* is 9 ! ,p]sian tongue has be5 translat$ by ,rawl9son 7,royal ,asiatic ,society ,j\rnal1 vol #aj74 ,9 x1 ! k+ ackn[l$ges ,auramazda z 8 god1 & speaks ( him z ! ,jews did ( ,jehovah4 ,?is epi!t is expla9$ by two ,sanscrit roots 7,op cit41 vol4 x41 p4 #fh71 & may be p>aphras$ z ,! ,"l or giv] ( life1 ,! great ,creator1 or ,! ,et]nal1 & ! k+ 9 a d\btful passage ref]s to ! evil "o 7871 :o by lies deceiv$ ! rul]s ( c]ta9 /ates1 induc+ !m to rebel1 & !n left !m to be conqu]$ by ! ,ormazd-gov]n$ ,d>ius4 ,9 ! ,babylonian copy lies are z x 7 p]sonifi$4 ,:il/ 9 ! ,scy?ian v]sion1 translat$ by ,mr ,norris 7,op cit4 vol4 xv41 p4 #add71 we f9d ! acc\nt run ?us3 ,^! are ! prov9ces :i* became rebelli\s1 '! god ( lies' made !m rebel t !y w\ld subv]t ! /ate1 aft]w>ds ,ormaza deliv]$ !m into my h&4 ,! lies1 or ! god ( lies1 we v naturally associate ) ! be+ :om we call 9 our "t ! devil1 :o is spok5 ( 7,john viii4 #dd7 z a li>1 & ! fa!r ( falsehood1 :o 0 s f ! beg9n+ --,greek--1 & consequ5tly reg>d$ z coeval ) ! fa!r ( light4 ,we next turn to su* evid5ce z is giv5 u 9 ! book ( ,job4 ,we select ?is anci5t writ+ 9 consequ5ce ( ! /rong int]nal evid5ce !re is1 t x 0 writt5 by "s "o ab\t ! p]iod ( ! ,a*aem5ian dyna/y liv+ 9 ,p]sia 7see ,rawl9son 9 ,j\rnal ( ,b4 ,a4 ,soc41 vol4 #a1 new s]ies1 p4 #bcj74 ,9 ,job we f9d two di/9ct p[]s spok5 (1 ! "o be+ ! ,good ,god1 & ! o!r ,satan ! oppos]4 ,! la/ is regul>ly describ$ z if he _h ! p[] to cause w>1 deva/ation1 tempe/1 disease1 & dea?1 = *4 ii41 v4 #f1 lets u inf] t he might h kill$ ,job _h he be5 s m9d$ & ,god all[$ ! b>ga91 & 9 v]se #ai ( ! same *apt] we f9d him kill+ all ! sons & daught]s ( ! patri>*4 ,job cle>ly recognis$ ! necessity ( sacrifice = purification1 = sanctification1 & he seems n to h (f]$ ?is ^u any alt>1 9 any temple1 or ) ! int]v5tion ( any prie/4 ,x is cle> t ,job _h nev] he>d ( ,moses or ! writ+s assign$ to him4 ,! p]secut$ patri>* & 8 fri5ds all believe t puni%m5t 9 ?is life is ! result ( (f5ces committ$ aga9/ ! ,good ,god1 b all seem to be s+ul>ly free f ! idea t ,satan is ! cause ( ,job's suff]+s ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,!re is ?r\gh\t ! book no ref]5ce made to a prec$+ or a succe$+ condition ( man1 su* z obta9$ among/ ! ,brahm9s1 & x is d\btful :e!r ! ,p]sians believ$ 9 heav5 or hell4 ,:5 man di$ he 0 suppos$ to p]i%4 ,h5ce we conclude t ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection 0 n preval5t at ! "t ! /ory 0 writt51 & 9 ! c\ntry :]e ! writ] ( ! book ( ,job resid$4 ,equally unkn[n to t au?or1 :oev] he 01 7 ! ideas ab\t angels1 m9i/]s ( ,god1 or disembodi$ spirits4 ,^! 7 ( ,babylonian orig94 ,we mu/ n[1 to c>ry on ! ?read ( ! argum5t1 recal to m9d ! fact t ,babylon 0 tak5 by ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 t ! rul]s ( ! unit$ p (t5 made t city _! resid5ce1 t ,h]odotus tells u 7,b4 #a1 c4 #ace7 t ! ,p]sians are ( all nations mo/ ready to adopt =eign cu/oms1 & ,i may notice1 9 pass+1 t ! same au?ority /ates t ! two nations 7 scrupul\sly tru?ful1 c]emoni\sly cleanly1 & intol]ant to leprosy4 ,x is well kn[n1 moreov]1 t ev5 aft] ! comm5cem5t ( our era ,babylon 0 ! *ief seat ( ,babb9ic & ,talmudic lore4 ,:5 we exam9e into ! religion ( ! ,babylonians we f9d t !y believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( angels--m9is-1 t]s ( ! ,supreme--intellig5ces1--unse5 by man1 yet p[]ful to act 9 8 fav\r1 or aga9/ him4 ,if we rightly int]pret _m ( ! engrav$ gems :i* 7 execut$ by ! ,*aldees1 we c only come to ! conclusion t !y believ$ 9 a ,devil1 a ,typhon1 or _s ( de/ruction4 ,we next mu/ call att5tion to ! fact t ! ,jews 7 conqu]$ by ! ,babylonians1 & enslav$ 9 ,mesopotamia = v _m ye>s--t !y 7 subsequ5tly emancipat$ by ! ,m$o-,p]sians1 & t ! latt]1 :om f ! inscription ( ,d>ius we believe to h be5 dev\t1 p]mitt$ & ev5 enc\rag$ ! ,israelites to ent]ta9 ! fai? :i* !y !n held1 & ev5 assi/$ !m to rebuild _! temple4 ,?is p]mission1 & ! fri5dl9ess ( ,nehemiah ) ! ,m$ian mon>*1 seem to %[ a great simil>ity1 if n an id5tity1 betwe5 ! ,p]sian & ! ,jewi% cre$s4 ,if1 !n1 we c\ld frame any def9ite idea ( ! t5ets held by ! ,jews be=e !y came into contact ) ! ,babylonians1 & ^? :i* !y pr(ess$ aft]w>ds1 we might =m a conception ( :at !y got f ! ,*aldees1 ! ,m$es1 & ! ,p]sians respectively4 ,)\t go+ v deeply into ! matt]1 we may say t ,hebrew s*ol>s g5]ally all[ t ! ideas ( ,satan--a p[] oppos$ to t ( ,god1 & ( angels or spirits1 7 introduc$ betwe5 ! captivity & ! p]iod :5 ! scriptures 7 translat$ into ,greek1 & t ! notion ( a future life & ! resurrection ( ! dead1 0 develop$ aft] ! "t ( ! ,septuag9t1 ab\t b4c4 #bgg4 ,f ! prec$+ consid]ations we draw ! inf]5ce t ! idea ( ! resurrection ( ! dead1 ( a future /ate ( exi/5ce1 9 :i* ea* w be puni%$ or rew>d$ = :at _h be5 done by him 9 8 mortal condition1 0 n a portion ( ! orig9al ,m$ian1 ,p]sian1 ,babylonian1 or ,jewi% religion4 ,a mass ( circum/antial evid5ce has l$ me to believe t ! idea ( a ,heav5 = ! good & a ,hell = ! bad1 came f ^? :o pr(ess$ :at we w call ! ,v$ic or ! ,buddhi/ fai?4 ,if1 9 reply to ?is1 x is alleg$ t x may h come f ! ,greeks directly1 ! rejo9d] is simply ?is--t ! ,grecians1 z ,aryan coloni/s1 br\ght ) !m only a rude notion ( a futurity1 :i* !y 7 ! m$ium ( improv+1 :51 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( _! arts & arms1 !y op5$ a highway to ,india bo? by sea & l&4 ,^? :o c\ld import into _! armies su* huge bea/s z elephants1 c\ld f> m readily import a new article ( fai?1 if x pleas$ ! prie/s4 ,if our reason+ is s\nd1 we _c1 ,i ?9k1 reg>d ! ,ave/a z a tru/wor?y exposition ( ! anci5t tea*+ ( ,zoroa/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we mu/1 9 my op9ion1 consid] x z a book fabricat$ to s]ve a p>ticul> purpose4 ,9 ?is respect x resembles our own ,bible1 :i* 0 compos$ = ! glorification ( ! ,hebrews :5 sm>t+ "u a s]ies ( ignom9i\s defeats & enslavem5ts2 & !n enl>g$1 contract$1 or alt]$1 to suit em]g5cies4 ,! foll[+ table w assi/ ! read] to comp>e or contra/ ! religion ( ! ,m$o-,p]sians ) t ( ! ,hebrews 9 "s matt]s3-- ,illu/ration3 #bhe ,illu/ration3 #bhf ,! ,hebrews fir/ wor%ipp$ a calf1 & !n a box2 !y believ$ t _! ,god taught !m to build a tab]nacle fir/1 !n a temple1 & to ,x is n ! practice ( ! ,p]=m alt>s = sacrifice4 ,! ,hebrews sians to erect /atues1 or temples1 also believ$ t ,elohim _h "o or or alt>s1 & !y *>ge ) folly m human =ms--see ,g54 xviii4 #a1 ^? t d4 ,!y d n ?9k #b1 & ! foll[+ *ap4 xix4 #a--see ! gods h human =ms1 also ,g54 xxxii4 #a & #bd-hj1 also ,jo%4 v4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 ,jud4 ii4 #a-e4 ,! an?ropomorphism ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures has already be5 ref]r$ to 9 ,vol4 ,i4 ( ,anci5t ,fai?s4 ,! ,p]sians are accu/om$ to asc5d ! highe/ p>ts ( ! m\nta9s1 & (f] sacrifice to ,jupit]1 call+ ! :ole circle ( ! heav5s by t "n4 ,! ,p]sians sacrific$ to ! son & moon1 to ! e>?1 fire1 wat]1 & ! w9ds4 ,among/ ! ,p]sians1 sacrifices 7 att5d$ by invocations & pray]s1 & 7 always (f]$ up by a prie/4 ,! ,p]sians1 next to brav]y 9 battle1 consid]$ ! greate/ pro( ( manl9ess 0 to be able to exhibit _m *ildr54 ,:oev] has ! leprosy or scr(ula is n p]mitt$ to /ay )9 a t[n1 nor h communication ) o!r ,p]sians2 & x is suppos$ t ! infliction is caus$ by "s (f5ce aga9/ ! deity 7sun god74 ,h]odotus1 book ,i41 *aps4 #aca1ach4 ,! elde/ son ( ! ,p]sian k+ 0 in/ruct$ dur+ y\? 9 ! le>n+ ( ! ,magi accord+ to ,zoroa/] ! son ( ,oromazes--by ?is le>n+ is meant ! wor%ip ( ! gods--& likewise 9 ! art ( k+ly gov]nm5t4 ,plato1 9 ,alcibiades4 ,! ,hebrews sacrific$ on high places = a long p]iod4 ,sacrifice 9 an enclos$ place seems to h be5 adopt$ f ! ,pho5icians by ,david & ,solomon1 b n to h be5 popul> = "s c5turies4 ,! ,jewi% p sacrific$ to sun1 moon1 & "s planets--_h a sacr$ fire 9 ! temple1 & reg>d$ cl\ds & w9d z ! m9i/]s ( ,god4 ,! ,god t answ]$ by fire 0 ! "o adopt$ by ,elyah4 ,! s-call$ or?odox ,jews only ackn[l$g$ "o ,god1 & subsequ5tly "o devil4 ,! ,jews nei!r (f]$ invocation nor pray] at _! sacrifices1 & prophets & k+s (f]$ victims )\t prie/ly assi/ance4 ,9 lat] times e sacrifice 0 (f]$ by a prie/4 ,! ,hebrews reg>d$ a l>ge family z a gift f ,jehovah4 ,! ,hebrews _h ! same practice2 &1 z we le>n 9 ! book ( ,job1 & ,deut]4 xxviii1 notably 9 ! #bg? v]se1 !y deem$ t bot*1 scab1 it*1 & em]ods 7 puni%m5ts s5t by ,jehovah4 ,! royal families ( ,judah receiv$ no in/ruction1 ei!r 9 political matt]s or 9 religion1 & 7 all[$ to gr[ up & d mu* z !y lik$ 9 reg>d to wor%ip4 ,! only p[] :i* influ5c$ !m 0 t assum$ by "s man :o pr(ess$ to be div9ely inspir$4 ,9 a *apt] ( anci5t fai?s & notice an allegation :i* has t ,p>seeism or ,zoroa/riamsm has be5 borr[$ f ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,to ?is we :olly demur4 ,n[h]e 9 ! ,ave/a d we f9d a ref]5ce to ! imm95t de/ruction ( ! _w1 ! resurrection ( a dead man1 8 subjugat+ all ! p[]s ( evil1 & reign+ = a ?\s& ye>s ) 8 foll[]s z k+s & sa9ts4 ,n[h]e 9 ! ,ave/a d we discov] su* immoral notions ( ,god z prevail$ among/ ! anci5t ,jewi% writ]s4 ,take ^! away f ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 & !n ! two resemble ! religions :i* are held ev]y:]e by ! ?\ghtful & ! good4 ,if !re has really be5 any copy+ at all1 we d n see ! imitators 9 ,c5tral ,asia b on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! ,jews copi$ f ,tyre1 ,babylon1 & ,greece--,*ri/ians h tak5 z models ,egyptians1 ,grecians1 ,romans1 & ev5 b>b>ians1 & !y h d5i$ a once pure fai? by cov]+ x ov] ) ! ordures ( hea!nism4 ,yet we talk ( o!rs imitat+ u6 ,i propose n[ to exam9e at "s l5g? into su* ( ! developm5ts z h tak5 place 9 c]ta9 religi\s sy/ems1 = by s do+ we %all be bett] able to judge :at are ^? doctr9es :i* ,*ri/ians hold1 9 common ) :at !y call ,pagan nations1 & h[ f> ^? matt]s :i* are reg>d$ z fundam5tal po9ts ( doctr9e are 9 reality tru/wor?y4 ,we mu/ ev] be> 9 m9d t if we f9d ! same set ( ideas ent]ta9$ among/ peoples :o by no possibility c h _h any communication ) ea* o!r1 x is only rational to believe t ea* race possesses ^? notions 9 virtue ( _! be+ human4 ,or1 if desir\s ( avoid+ ?is admission1 ! or?odox decl>es t e ass]t$ fact is a copy ( a prec$5t "o1 !n we ask !m to reconcile ! leg5d ( ,h]cules be+ begott5 by ,jupit]1 & ,jesus by ! ,holy ,gho/1 = unque/ionably ! /ory ( ,alcm5a's son prec$$ t told ( ,m>y's4 ,9 ! foll[+ *apt] ,i %all avoid z f> z possible any ref]5ce to ! tales told ( ! conception ( ,jesus1 = no man1 h[ev] subtle he may be1 c prove t ! ,son ( ,man _h a c]ta9 mundane individual call$ ,joseph = a fa!r2 all t ,i desire to %[ is1 t 9 e nation ^: hi/ory has come d[n to u !re h be5 p]sons ^: mo!rs h decl>$ !mselves to h be5 pure virg9s until adopt$ by "s god z a temporal & tempor>y sp\se1 or :o1 be+ wives1 h ass]t$ t a son :o has di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! _w has be5 ( div9e procreation--an affirmation1 be x obs]v$1 t c only be made 9 case ! sp\se has be5 manife/ly unfai?ful1 or by "s fulsome hi/orian desir\s ( exalt+ 8 h]o to cele/ial rank4 ,!re is sc>cely a b>b>ic dyna/y kn[n1 inde$1 :i* does n claim an orig9 f "s heav5ly fa!r1 "m1 or bo?4 ,!re h be5 _m hi]>*s :o1 hav+ felt consci\s ( ! absurdity ( mak+1 by miracul\s ag5cy1 all wond]ful be+s come f woman only1 h consequ5tly inv5t$ leg5ds 9 :i* m5 h produc$ (fspr+ )\t a consort4 ,"s may be dispos$ to d]ide ^! tales1 :o c readily cr$it ! /ories ( virg9 mo!rs2 b 9 reality !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sets ( leg5ds1 9 probability1 :]ev] miracles are assum$4 ,x w\ld h be5 q z easy = ! writ] ( ,g5esis to h made ,isaac come f old ,abraham's bosom z f ! womb ( 8 ho>y-head$ wife4 ,b ! ,jewi% writ]s h nev] prov$ !mselves z subtle z ! ,h9doos & ,greeks4 ,in/ead ( ass]t+ t a man1 )\t a woman's assi/ance1 has borne a son--a matt] capable ( pro(--!y h decl>$ t a woman has conceiv$1 )\t ! assi/ance ( a man2 an assev]ation = :i* !re _c be any pro( :atev]1 no n ev5 physical1 = acc\*eurs "k t _m a female conceives by h] lov]'s in/rum5tality1 & be>s a *ild1 at ^: bir?1 or r :5 p>turition is imm95t1 t "p :i* is call$ ! ,hym51 & is ! ,mosaical te/ ( virg9ity1 is n only unbrok51 b s small 9 ap]ture1 & /rong 9 fle%1 z to require op]ative or surgical int]f]5ce be=e ! *ild c come into ! _w4 ,accord+ to ,mosaism ^! mu/ be reg>d$ z absolutely virg9 mo!rs4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,sup]natural g5]ation4 ,:at is meant by ! t]m4 ,examples4 ,*ildr5 giv5 by ! gods4 ,anecdote4 ,frequ5cy ( god-begott5 *ildr5 9 ,anci5t ,greece4 ,_! g5]al fate4 ,! /ories n cr$it$ by ! gr&fa!rs ( *ildr51 nor app>5tly by ! mo!rs4 ,! babies1 h[ treat$4 ,f\ndl+s & ,hospitals4 ,antiope4 ,leuco?oee4 ,div9ely conceiv$ p]sons n necess>ily great or good4 ,babylonian idea t a god came d[n to enjoy human wom54 ,tale f ,h]odotus4 ,jehovah z a man4 ,grecian idea atta*$ to ! expression ,son ( ,god4 ,hom]4 ,hebrew ideas4 ,roman notions4 ,romulus1 son ( ,m>s & a ,ve/al ,augu/us1 son ( ,apollo4 ,mod]n ideas respect+ ,incubi4 ,preval5ce ( ! belief4 ,its suppression4 ,causes ( its orig94 ,bible made to p&] to prie/ly lu/4 ,dictionnaire ,inf]nal4 ,hi/ory ( incubi !refrom4 ,/ories4 ,/range idea t ! ,gods :o made m5 out ( no?+ _c z easily make babies4 ,div9e ,&rogynes4 ,/range /ories ( s+le gods hav+ (fspr+4 ,n>ayana & ! ,_s ( ,god ( ,g5esis4 ,*aos4 ,h9doo my?os ( ,brahma4 ,bir? f *urn+ a dead man's left arm1 & aga9 8 "r4 ,ayonyesv>a1 8 /range hi/ory4 ,simil> ones ref]r$ to4 ,hi/ory ( ,c>ticeya4 ,*ri/ian p>allels4 ,immaculate conception a ,h9doo my?4 ,! dove 9 ,india & ,*ri/5dom4 ,agni & clov5 fi]y tongues4 ,p5ance & its p[]s4 ,miracul\s conception by means' ( a dove4 ,o!r my?s f v>i\s s\rces4 ,x is a "q :i* %\ld1 9 my op9ion1 be ask$ by e individual 9 a rational community1 :e!r x is advisable to cont9ue1 z a matt] ( fai?1 a doctr9e :i* mu/ be repudiat$1 z a matt] ( fact4 ,to ?is we may jo91 z a rid]1 c anyone :o puts 8 cr$5ce 9 a leg5d because x is old1 claim to be sup]ior to ^? :o orig9ally inv5t$ ! tale1 9 ! d>kness ( antiquity8 ,:5 mod]ns smile at ! /ories told by ! classic ,v>ro1 h[ c]ta9 m>es 9 ,lusitania 7 impregnat$ by ! w9d on a c]ta9 m\nta91 )\t any access to a horse1 & at ! cr$5ce giv5 to simil> acc\nts by ,virgil1 ,pl9y1 & ev5 ! ,*ri/ian bi%op ,augu/9e2 & by "s old ,scot* au?ority h[ a "y woman became a "m ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! a%es ( ! dead3 & :5 !y pity ! b5ight$ ,greeks :o gave to ,h]cules1 ,jupit] = a fa!r2 & to ,m>s1 ,juno = a "m1 )\t int]c\rse ) h] cele/ial sp\se1 x behoves !m to inquire :e!r ea* may n be address$ 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,mutato nom9e1 de te fabula n>ratur--i4e41 *ange b ! "n ( ! believ]s f ,greeks & ,romans to mod]n ,*ri/ians1 & x w be f\nd t ,popes1 prie/s1 & peoples believe z firmly n[ 9 sup]natural g5]ation z ! mo/ crass pagan ( :i* hi/ory treats4 ,our classical read+ tells u abundance ( m>vell\s /ories--h[ ,jupit] s$uc$ ,danae 9 ! =m ( a gold5 %[]1 & yet _h a common son by h]1 :o 0 n an aure\s co92 h[ ,l$a receiv$ ,zeus z a swan1 & bore !refrom a c\ple ( eggs2 h[ ,europa 0 tempt$ by him z a bull1 & yet did n be> a calf2 & h[ ,calli/o1 a maid5 ( ,diana1 0 debau*$ by ! same god "u ! guise ( h] mi/ress1 & yet t f two maid5s a boy 0 =m$4 ,( ! am\rs ( ,apollo ) a doz5 & a half damsels1 & ( ! v num]\s disguises :i* he assum$1 we f9d abundant details 9 our classical diction>ies4 ,m>s1 ?\gh n s frequ5tly adopt$ by human females z a lov]1 _h _m *ildr5 ( :om he 0 ! putative fa!r4 ,jupit] _h ,bac*us & ,m9]va )\t ,juno's aid1 & ,juno retaliat$ by be>+ ,ares )\t conv]sation ) h] consort4 ,we d]ide ^! tales1 & yet ?9k1 t because we laugh at a hundr$ su* we %all be p>don$ = believ+ "o4 ,h[ little we are ju/ifi$ 9 act+ ?us a few philosophical consid]ations w demon/rate4 ,!re are few ?+s 9 my?ology t are m curi\s ?an ! subject ( ! miracul\s =mation ( c]ta9 individuals4 ,"s ( ^! h be5 reg>d$ z ! (fspr+ ( a cele/ial fa!r & a "m ( e>?ly m\ld2 o!rs aga91 z = example ,a,eneas1 7 said to be ! result ( a union betwe5 a heav5ly "m & a t]re/rial fa!r--e4g41 ,a,eneas 0 ! son ( ,an*ises1 a h&some man1 & ,v5us1 goddess ( beauty & love4 ,"s1 ?\gh ^! are few1 are said to be *ildr5 ( a virg9 or des]t$ wife1 :o has produc$ !m )\t any extrane\s assi/ance199 & o!rs are decl>$ to be desc5d$ f a fa!r :om no consort c\ld ev] claim4 ,"o individual1 inde$1 call$ ,orion1 is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 :olly indep5d5t ( bo? fa!r & "m1 & ! result ( a /range =m ( developm5t1 ! l ( :i* ,d>w9 nev] dream$ ( z he came f a bladd] into :i* ?ree gods _h micturat$4 ,8 "n1 we are gravely assur$1 came ab ur9a4 99 ,! foll[+ is a good case 9 corroboration ( :at is said 9 ! text4 ,9 ! ,dictionnaire ,inf]nal1 to :i* m p>ticul> ref]5ce w be made %ortly1 !re is1 s4 v4 ,fecondite1 a report ( a trial be=e ! ,p>liam5t ( ,gr5oble1 9 :i* ! "q 01 :e!r a c]ta9 infant c\ld be decl>$ legitimate :i* 0 born aft] ! husb& _h be5 abs5t f 8 wife f\r full ye>s4 ,! wife ass]t$ t ! baby 0 ! (fspr+ ( a dream1 9 :i* %e _h a vivid idea t h] w&]+ sp\se _h return$ to love & duty4 ,midwives & physicians 7 consult$1 & report$ on ! subject4 ,z a result1 ! ,p>liam5t orda9$ t ! infant %\ld be adjudg$ legitimate1 & t its "m %\ld be reg>d$ z a true & hon\rable wife4 ,! judgm5t be>s date #ac? ,febru>y #aecg4 ,! qua9t ideas associat$ 9 my?ology ) ! sup]natural g5]ation "h ref]r$ to h be5 v>i\s4 ,9 "s in/ances !y h be5 :olly poetical1 z :5 we are told t ! ,supreme by 8 union ) law & ord] 7,!mis7 produc$ ,ju/ice1 ! ,h\rs1 ,good ,laws1 & ,peace 7,hesiod ,!ogony1 #ijj71 & z :5 ,europa is said to h tempt$ ,jupit] to leave ,pho5icia1 & travel we/w>d to ,crete z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! colonization ( an unkn[n cont95t4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ! ideas h be5 fram$ ^u ! v natural belief t anyone--:e!r exi/5t 9 /ory only1 or 9 reality--:o has greatly surpass$ 8 fell[s1 mu/ h _h a l>ge elem5t ( ! ,deity 9 8 con/itution4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ! notion has be5 associat$ ) ! once preval5t belief1 t ! ,creator _h a sex1 to :i* we %all ref] by & by2 & 9 o!r cases1 ! fancy has cle>ly be5 m+l$ ) ! fact1 t _m an unm>ri$ woman has attribut$ to "s god1 a pregnancy1 or baby1 :i* has be5 due1 9 reality1 to a v mortal man4 ,"h we may notice t ! fecundity :i* damsels ( old 7 wont to ref] to a god or "s inf]ior1 b yet b5efic5t1 deity1 m mod]n *ri/ian girls h associat$ ) a demon4 ,jupit] & ,apollo be+ replac$ by a special class ( imps :o 7 nam$ incubi1 & ( ! p>ticul>s ( ^: embraces ! /range/ /ories are told4 ,?is small tru? seems to be suffici5t to demon/rate t ! ,greeks 7 n famili> ) ! be+ to :om we give ! "n ( ,satan & ! ,devil1 & t _! belief co9cid$ 9 "o respect ) t ( ! old] ,jews1 :o consid]$ t :atev] occurr5ce happ5$ 9 ! _w1 :e!r app>5tly = good or evil1 0 done by ,jehovah1 or z ! ,hell5ic damsels report$ by ,jupit]1 ,apollo1 or ,m>s4 ,"h1 too1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to introduce a rem>k sugge/$ by a n>rative1 told to me by a lady ( high ,briti% rank4 ,%e _h be5 br\ght up 9 a =eign c\ntry "u ! eye ( a s5sible & pi\s1 we may add prudi%1 "m1 :o endeav\r$ to %ield h] daught] f all contact ) ext]nal vici\s influ5ces1 & to prev5t h] e>s or h] m9d f ev] com+ to ! k ( ^? matt]s :i* are associat$ ) love1 m>riage1 & (fspr+4 ,:5 ! "y lady naturally inquir$ ( mamma :]e ! infants sprang f :i* came into ! _w & grew up ar\nd h]1 %e 0 told1 f ,god1 & %e 0 ref]r$ to ,psalm cxxvii4 #c1 :i* decl>es t *ildr5 are an h]itage ( ! ,"l1 & ! fruit ( ! womb is ,8 rew>d4 ,aft] hav+ atta9$ adult age1 & be+ :olly imbu$ ) ?is belief1 %e1 on "o occasion1 express$ h] op9ion t ,mademoiselle--:o _h rec5tly be5 conf9$--mu/ h be5 a peculi>ly virtu\s maid51 to h receiv$ s great a pres5t z a baby f ! b5efic5t ,creator4 ,?is spee* fell l a bomb%ell among/ a mix$ company1 b %e knew n :y4 ,x 0 n until h] m>riage "s "t subsequ5tly1 t %e le>n$ t infants 7 said to come f ,god or ! ,devil accord+ to circum/ances1 b t 9 reality !y 7 always due to m5 & wom54 ,! anecdote giv5 above1 naturally enables u to call att5tion to ! rem>kable fact t ?\gh ! ,grecian poets repeat$ly spoke ( maid5s be+ f]tiliz$ by a div9ity1 yet ,greek fa!rs nev] paid any he$ to ! p[] ( t god1 :om _! daught]s ass]t$ to h op]at$ ^u _! fem99ity2 b always treat$ ! e>?ly love ( ! alleg$ cele/ial sp\se1 z if ! latt] 0 :olly p[]less to puni% ! h>d-he>t$ p>5t1 :o _h no scruples to turn 8 daught] f 8 door1 s t %e might hide h] %ame 9 di/ant l&s4 ,9 ^? classic times1 procreation by a god ^u a human be+ 0 ! attempt$ cov] = ba/>dy4 ,moreov]1 ev5 ! woman h]self1 to :om ,jupit] or ,apollo 0 alleg$ to h desc5d$ f heav5 to hon\r1 felt h]self s mu* injur$ by ! visit1 t %e ei!r tri$ to de/roy ! result+ (fspr+ ) h] own h&s1 or expos$ x ^u a m\nta9 to ! t5d] m]cies ( dogs & vultures4 ,mu* 9 ! same way _m a mod]n maid5 places h] %ame-cov]$ infant 9 ! turn-table ( a f\ndl+ in/itution4 ,antiope1 = example1 ! daught] ( a k+ ( ,!bes1 01 accord+ to h] v]sion1 belov$ by ,jupit]1 :o visit$ h] 9 ! =m ( a satyr & implant$ tw9s4 ,:5 %e discov]$ ! com+ ev5t1 :i* ca/s its %ad[ be=e1 %e left ! pat]nal mansion1 to avoid h] fa!r's ang]1 & fl$ to a m\nta91 on :i* %e left h] hapless (fspr+4 ,!y 7 f\nd by %eph]ds & br\ght up4 ,! /ory ( fair ,leuco?oee is /ill m to ! po9t4 ,%e 0 suffici5tly beautiful to attract ,apollo1 :o s$uc$ h] "u ! =m ( h] own "m--n a v likely /ory x is true1 b ! two liv$ happily toge!r until a rival told ! lov$ "o's fa!r ( ! am\r4 ,! inc5s$ pat]familias ord]$ 8 daught] to be buri$ alive1 & yet ! god :o c\ld *ange h] body aft] dea? into ! frank9c5se tree1 & himself into a matronly look+ woman & yet reta9 8 sex1 c\ld n prev5t 8 e>?ly sp\se f dy+ a cruel dea?4 ,9 o!r words1 ,or*amus1 ! p>5t ( ! damsel1 :olly disbeliev$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a div9e sp>k1 & felt assur$ t 8 daught] _h disgrac$ h]self ) a man f> bel[ h] 9 e>?ly rank4 ,f ^!1 & a numb] ( o!r ,grecian anecdotes1 we c draw no o!r conclusions ?an t ! sires 9 ^? days 7 z jeal\s ( ! hon\r ( _! daught]s z we are ( our own n[2 t :5 t hon\r 0 9 dang] ( be+ t>ni%$1 a god 0 alleg$ by ! damsel to be ! (f5d]2 t ! /ory 0 n believ$2 & t ! daught] fl$1 0 puni%$1 or 0 p>don$1 accord+ to ! /]nness or cr$ulity ( ! p>5ts4 ,! idea t individuals :o 7 ! sons or daught]s ( a god1 mu/ necess>ily be great & good1 does n appe> to h prevail$ among/ ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,nay1 we may ev5 d\bt :e!r any ( !m really believ$ t ,jupit]1 ,apollo1 or ,neptune1 c\ld1 or _h ev] become inc>nate1 = ! sole purpose ( impregnat+ a human female4 ,t su* an idea1 h[ev]1 prevail$ among/ ! ,babylonians we le>n f ,h]odotus1 :o in=ms u1 book i4 c4 #aha1 t ,belus comes into a *amb] at ! summit ( a sacr$ t[] to meet !re9 a native woman1 *os5 by ! god f ! :ole nation2 & 9 ! succe$+ *apt] he indicates t a simil> occurr5ce takes place 9 ,egyptian ,!bes1 & 9 ,lycian ,pat>ae4 ,yet ev5 :il/ writ+ ! tales1 ! hi/orian expresses 8 own incr$ulity ( _! value1 & we may well suppose t ! ?\ghtful g5]ally1 w\ld only give su* cr$5ce to ! /atem5ts ( ! temple prie/s1 z 0 giv5 to c]ta9 ,*ri/ian /ories by a philosoph]1 :o said he believ$ !m because !y 7 impossible4 ,ev5 if ! common p cr$it$ ! ass]tion t ,! ,supreme did elect a woman ) :om to conv]se1 we mu/ n despise !m too lightly1 = we are di/9ctly told 9 our own scriptures t ,jehovah appe>$ z a man1 & z su*1 ate1 drank1 & talk$ ) ,abraham 7,g54 *4 xviii472 t ,elohim 0 9 ! habit ( conv]s+ face to face ) ,moses 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #aa72 & t ! same ,god wre/l$ ) ,jacob z a man1 & c\ld n prevail aga9/ ! patri>* until he _h lam$ him4 ,we mu/ also notice t myriads ( ,*ri/ians h believ$1 & _m /ill d s1 t ,he 9 a c]ta9 =m _h comm]ce ) a ,hebrew maid5 7,luke i4 #cd1 #ce71 & _h by h] a begott5 son4 ,:5 civilization spread ov] ,greece1 !re seems to h be5 a *ange ( expression--:i* be+ at ! fir/ :olly metaphorical1 subsequ5tly became reali/ic4 ,?us1 any man peculi>ly *>act]i/ic among/ 8 fell[s = /r5g?1 k1 or p[]1 0 designat$ a son ( ,god4 ,?us1 z ,grote rem>ks 7#ab vol4 edition71 vol4 ii4 p4 #acb1 note #a4 ,ev5 ,ari/otle ascrib$ to ,hom] a div9e p>5tage2 a damsel ( ! isle ( ,ios1 pregnant by "s god1 0 c>ri$ (f by pirates to ,smyrna at ! "t ( ! ,ionic emigration1 & !re gave bir? to ! poet 7,ari/otle ap4 ,plut>* ,vit4 ,hom]1 p4 #ajei74 ,plato1 also by "s1 call$ ! div9e1 0 said by ,seusippus to be a son ( ,apollo 7,smi?'s ,diction>y1 #h4 v47 ,! ,hebrews _h a simil> metaphorical expression1 & gave to ev]y?+ sup]em95tly good1 an epi!t :i* we may p>aphrase z div9e4 ,"s few writ]s us$ ! title1 sons ( ,god1 z = example1 ,job i4 #f1 & xxxviii4 #g1 & ,hosea i4 #aj2 an epi!t adopt$ by ,john i4 #ab1 ,rom4 viii4 #ad1 #ai1 ,phil ii4 #ae1 #a ,john iii #a1 #b1 z if ! same 7 applicable to all :o are virtu\s & good to an especial degree4 ,! ,hebrews ev5 seem to h adopt$ ! belief t ,elohim1 l ! ,grecian ,zeus1 _h _m *ildr51 c\ld1 & did really1 associate ) human be+s1 = we c 9 no o!r way reasonably int]pret ! /range n>rative 9 ,g5esis vi1 :]e9 we are told t ! sons ( ,god came 9 unto ! daught]s ( m51 :o became ! sires ( mighty m5 ( great r5[n4 ,among/ ! ,romans1 simil> ideas to ^? :i* we f9d among/ ! ,greeks prevail$4 ,= example1 ,romulus 0 said to be ! son ( ,m>s & a ,ve/al virg92 b s little did h] relatives believe 9 ! possibility ( ! occurr5ce1 or ! div9e nature ( ! maid5's (fspr+1 t ! "m 0 buri$ alive1 & ! tw9s :i* %e b>e 7 expos$1 mu* 9 ! same way z mod]n f\ndl+s are4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9 _m o!rs1 x is probable t little notice w\ld h be5 tak5 ( su* sup]natural g5]ation _h ! "m be5 ( l[ orig9--b :5 a god inveigles a k+'s daught] f h] duty1 bo? ! "o & ! o!r mu/ be puni%$2 ! "o 9 h] p]son1 ! o!r 9 8 *ild4 ,yet ^! v writ]s :o told ( ! puni%m5t ( ! ,ve/al ,hia = h] intrigue ) ,m>s1 took advantage ( ! /ory1 & spread a report t ,romulus1 ! (fspr+ ( ! two1 01 aft] 8 dea?1 tak5 up to heav5 to dwell !re z a god4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod1 ,augu/us ,caes> ann\nc$1 on 8 "m's au?ority1 t he 0 ! son ( ,apollo1 & claim$ to be treat$ z a v]itable scion ( t v5]able deity4 ,! acc\nt ( ! conception & bir? ( ,s]vius ,tullius is curi\s f its circum/antiality4 ,ovid tells u1 ,fa/i1 vi41 #fbe-fei1 ,bonn's translation3 ,vulcan 0 ! fa!r ( ,tullius2 ,ocrisia 0 8 "m1 a woman ( ,corniculum1 rem>kable = h] beauty4 ,h]1 ,tanaquil1 hav+ duly p]=m$ ! sacr$ rites1 ord]$1 9 company ) h]self1 to p\r "s w9e on ! decorat$ alt>4 ,"h among/ ! a%es1 ei!r 01 or seem$ to be1 a =m ( obsc5e %ape2 b su* x really 04 ,be+ ord]$ to d s1 ! captive 7,ocrisia 0 a slave71 submits to its embraces2 conceiv$ by h]1 ,s]vius _h ! orig9 ( 8 bir? f heav54 ,8 fa!r af=d$ a pro(1 at ! "t :5 he t\*$ 8 head ) ! gleam+ fire1 & a flame ris+ to a po9t1 blaz$ ^u 8 locks4 ,9 "s e>li] l9es1 ! poet tells u t ! goddess1 ,=tune1 0 enam\r$ ( ?is same ,roman k+1 & visit$ him nightly--mu* z ,v5us came to conv]se ) ,an*ises4 ,9 ?is /ory1 we h an unusual +r$i5t1 inasmu* z !re is a witness to t :i* we may call ! immaculate conception1 & aft] bir?1 a pro( ( ! *ild's div9e orig96 ,( c\rse !re are _m irrev]5t p :o decl>e t ! /ory is untrue--t x is f> m likely t ! real fa!r 0 ,t>qu91 :o1 f9d+ 8 consort's beautiful s]vant to be ) *ild1 contriv$ a plan by :i* %e w\ld escape ! v9dictiv5ess ( ! mi/ress--"o :i*1 if devotionally incl9$1 %e 0 b\nd to give cr$5ce to4 ,nor c dev\t ,*ri/ians altoge!r range !mselves among/ ! unbeliev]s 9 ! miracle1 = ! f\nd] ( _! religion 0 borne by a woman ( l[ condition1 & is said to h be5 begott5 by an ov]%ad[+ _s4 ,he assum$ to be a k+2 b ! son ( ,ocrisia became "o 9 reality1 & in/itut$ games 9 hon\r ( 8 div9e prog5itor4 ,= "s m mod]n poetical fictions ( ! same nature1 we may ref] our read]s to ,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 :]e1 9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,highl& se]1 ,brian1 !y w f9d a p>allel to ! /ory promulgat$ by ,alex&] ! false prophet1 respect+ 8 bir?1 describ$ by ,lucian4 ,! same ideas1 ) :i* we are all ( u s famili> 9 ,*ri/5dom1 t !y =m a portion ( ! cre$s :i* ! or?odox weekly rehe>se1 h obta9$ 9 f> ,ceylon4 ,?us1 = example1 we read 9 a ,buddhi/ic leg5d 7,kusa ,iatakaya1 translat$ by ,t4 ,/eele1 ,truebn]1 ,london1 #ahga1 small #hvo41 pp4 #bfj73-- ,z ,sakra991 ) 8 ?\s& eyes gaz$ ov] e l&1 ,! hapless que51 ) he>t di/raught1 he saw deject$ /&2 ,8 godlike eye reveal$ to him t to h] bless$ womb ,two radiant gods illu/ri\s f ,heav5's high t[n %\ld come4 ,!n ent]+ fir/ ! ,bodisat's ble/ skyey palace fair1 ,& next unto ano!r god's1 did ,sakra /raight repair3 ,b5ign he said3--,g to ! _w ( m51 t di/ant sc5e1 ,& !re be born f out ! womb ( yon delightful que54 ,! say+ ( ! k+ ( gods unto _! he>ts !y took2 ,!n ba!d !y 9 8 feet's bright rays t %one z %9es a brook3 ',let u be s conceiv$1' !y said1 :5 !y ! ord] he>d1 ',)9 ! womb ( yond] que51 ev5 z ! ,"l decl>$4' --,/anzas #abi-aca4 99 ,indra1 ,! ,supreme4 ,b ! two *ildr5 d n appe> z tw9s1 l ,romulus & ,remus1 = we f9d 9 /anza #aee-- ,n[ :5 ! d>l+ little *ild1 ! wisdom-gift$ "o1 ,began to lift 8 t9y foot1 & le>n to walk alone1 ,ano!r god f ,heav5's high t[n fla%$ d[n ! sky s]5e1 ,& 0 conceiv$ )9 ! womb ( t delightful que54 ,i may notice 9 pass+1 t ! lady 0 m>ri$1 b _h always be5 b>r5 ) h] husb&4 ,9 ! in/ances to :i* we h ref]r$ above1 !re has be5 no v m>k$ dep>ture f ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature4 ,9 all1 an union betwe5 a fa!r & "m has occurr$--9 all1 ! relation betwe5 ea* to ! (fspr+ has be5 ma9ta9$1 & ! ord9>y progress ( ge/ation obs]v$4 ,! ma9 discrepancies :i* are to be notic$ are1 t a div9e is sub/itut$ = a human fa!r1 or1 z 9 ! case ( ,a,eneas1 ! sire has be5 a man1 & ! "m a cele/ial4 ,b aft] bir?1 in/ead ( ! *ild be+ c>$ = by its p>5ts1 x v frequ5tly happ5s t a goat1 wolf1 or o!r animal1 p]=ms ! "m's duty z a nurse4 ,! read] ^: antiqu>ian lore is consid]able1 w probably rememb] t ,*ri/ians 9 ,italy1 ,france1 & ,i d>e n say 9 h[ _m o!r ,ca?olic c\ntries1 7 implicit believ]s 9 ! idea t spirits f ! invisible _w c\ld assume a human =m1 & "u t1 h int]c\rse ) y\?s ( ei!r sex4 ,! lit]ature ^u ?is subject 0 at "o "t v great1 b su* pa9s h be5 tak5 to de/roy x1 9 ord] t s great a blot ^u ! infallibility ( ,papal rul]s %\ld no long] be f\nd1 t !re are few books to :i* ,i c ref] inquir]s4 ,! fir/ "t ,i met ) ! subject 0 9 a ,lat9 treatise by ,c>dan1 a4d4 #addd-aebd199 be+ comm5t>ies ^u ,hippocrates4 ,9 ?is1 _m *apt]s are devot$ to ! possibility ( int]c\rse betwe5 wom5 & embodi$ spirits4 ,! ,m$iaeval virg9s1 unlike ! ,greeks1 always attribut$ _! pregnancy to demons & n to gods1 al?\gh on "s occasions maid5s 7 fooli% en\gh1 l ^? ( anci5t ,babylon1 to believe t !y 7 embrac$1 by a div9e be+ or angel4 ,into ?is matt] ! ,italian doctor ent]s folly1 & endeav\rs to e/abli% "s di/9ction h[ a woman c\ld di/+ui% an incubus f a human be+1 & if %e became pregnant & br\ght =?1 h[ ! devil's (fspr+ c\ld be told f an ord9>y baby4 ,! p>ticul>s :i* are giv5 to ! le>n$ 9 ,lat91 w n be> to be reproduc$ 9 ! v]nacul>1 suffice x to say1 t !y are su* z w\ld be giv5 by silly wom5 m or less consci\s ( hav+ be5 guilty ( impropriety1 & :o 7 goad$ by sanctimoni\s b ribald div9es to ent] into e detail ( ! devil's do+s & ! females' s5sations4 99 ,x is m ?an ?irty ye>s s9ce ,i read ! book 9 "q1 & ,i h long ago p>t$ ) x4 ,z ,i am unable n[ to lay my h&s ^u a copy ,i am n sure :e!r ! au?or 0 ,facio ,c>dan1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! p]iod giv5 9 ! text1 or ! m celebrat$ ,j]ome ,c>dan :o liv$ ,a4,d4 #afja-aegf4 ,be=e say+ m ( ! incubi1 we may be/[ a pass+ glance ^u ! f\ndation ( ! idea ( _! exi/5ce4 ,9 m$iaeval times1 a l>ge portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 tak5 to be lit]ally true1 & ! p 7 in/ruct$ to believe t ! devil w5t ab\t l a ro>+ lion seek+ :om he c\ld dev\r4 ,! papal prie/s enc\rag$ ! idea1 = by fright5+ ! ignorant1 !y induc$ !m to pur*ase sac]dotal insurance by pay+ = masses to protect !mselves f ! sn>es ( ,satan4 ,= hi]>*s :o 7 oblig$ to live )\t wives1 x 0 easy 9 ! fir/ place to imbue ! m9d ( a sup]/iti\s maid5 ) a horror ( ,apollyon's p[]1 & !n to take advantage ( h] fe>s by p]sonify+ ! fi5d4 ,9 ?is mann] ! bible sugge/$ ! s9 to ! prie/ & made ! maid5 passive4 ,x w\ld n be pr(itable to write a catalogue 9 detail ( ! au?orities ^u :i* ,i f\nd ^! /atem5ts4 ,i w r give a %ort resume ( an article ^u ,incubi1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 a mo/ curi\s book entitl$ ,dictionnaire ,inf]nal ou ,biblio!que univ]selle sur les etres1 les p]sonnages1 les livres1 les faits et les *oses qui ti5n5t aux app>itions1 a la magie1 au comm]ce de ,v5f]1 aux div9ations1 aux sci5ces secretes1444 aux erreurs et aux prejuges1444 g5]alm5t a t\tes les croyances m]-veilleuses1 surpr5antes my/]ieuses et surnaturelles4--,p> ,m4 ,col9 de ,plancy4 ,deuxieme edition enti]em5t refondue 2 ,p>is1 #ahbf4 ,! book is r>e1 b mo/ int]e/+ to ! philosoph] :o conc]ns himself ab\t matt]s ( fai?1 = x %[s1 cle>ly1 t !re is no dep? ( human degradation into :i* p :o are guid$ by bl9d tru/ 9 "s fell[ mortal1 un*eck$ by ! ex]cise ( reason1 w n ent]1 & !re reside p]man5tly1 until /irr$ up by ^? :om !y ass]t on ! fir/ blu% to be infidels4 ,aft] a few prelim9>y rem>ks1 we are told t ! ,fr5* incubi did n attack virg9s1 b 9 ! next p>agraph is an acc\nt ( a maid5 :o 0 s$uc$ by a demon 9 ! =m ( h] betro!d4 ,?is 0 9 ,s>d9ia4 ,an ,engli% fi5d act$ 9 a simil> way1 & f ! congress foll[$ a frightful disease ( :i* ! poor girl di$ 9 ?ree days4 ,?is /ory is told by ,?omas ,wals+ham1 b4 ,a4,d4 #adaj4 ,a ,scot* lass is ! next victim report$1 & to h] ! unclean _s came nightly "u ! guise ( a f9e "y man4 ,%e became pregnant1 & av[$ all4 ,! p>5ts !n kept wat*1 & saw ! devil ne> h] 9 a mon/r\s unhuman =m4 ,he w\ld n g away till a prie/ came1 !n ! incubus made a frightful noise1 burn$ ! furniture1 & w5t (f upw>ds1 c>ry+ ! ro( ) him4 ,?ree days aft] a que] =m 0 born1 m horrible ?an _h ev] be5 se51 s bad inde$1 t ! midwives /rangl$ x4 ,= ! cr$ul\s1 :at fact c\ld be m /rongly atte/$ ?an ?is8 ,! report] is ,hector ,boetius1 b4 #adgj4 ,! next tale1 hav+ a locale 9 ,bonn1 occurr$ at a "t :5 prie/s m>ri$ & _h a family4 ,! daught] ( "o :o 0 closely wat*$ & lock$ up :5 left by h]self1 0 f\nd out by a demon1 :o took ^u him ! =m ( a f9e "y man4 ,su* an occurr5ce 0 ?\ght no?+ uncommon !n1 inasmu* z ,paul _h told ! ,cor9?ians t ,satan himself is trans=m$ into an angel ( light 7#b ,cor4 xi4 #ad74 ,! poor victim became ence9te & confess$ ! :ole to h] fa!r1 :o1 fe>+ ! devil1 & anxi\s n to make a sc&al1 s5t ! daught] away f home4 ,! impud5t fi5d came to remon/rate1 & kill$ ! wret*$ sire ) a bl[ ( 8 fi/4--,quot$ f ,caes>ii ,hei/]e mirac41 lib4 iii41 c4 #h4 ,! next case occurs at ,s*991 :]e9 we are told 7,hauppius ,biblio? portai1 pract41 p4 #ded7 t a woman produc$ a baby )\t head or feet1 ) a m\? 9 ! *e/ ne> to ! left %\ld]1 & an e> ne> ! "r "o2 in/ead ( f+]s x _h webs l frog's feet1 x 0 liv] col\r$1 & %aky z jelly1 x cri$ :5 ! "m want$ to wa% x1 b somebody /ifl$ & !n buri$ x4 ,! "m1 h[ev]1 want$ x be exhum$ & burn$1 = x 0 ! (fspr+ ( a fi5d :o _h c\nt]feit$ h] husb&4 ,! ?+ 0 tak5 up & giv5 to ! hangman = cremation1 b he c\ld nei!r burn x nor ! rags :i* enwrapp$ x until ! day aft] ! fea/ ( ,asc5sion4 ,! foll[+ /ory is laid ne> ,nantes3--,!re9 a "y girl baulk$ ( h] lov]1 mutt]s some?+ l a mod]n ord] to him to g to ! f\l fi5d1 & rem>ks to h]self t a demon w\ld be a bett] fri5d4 ,%e is betray$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & f9ds1 :5 too late1 t %e is embrac+ a hairy incubus :i* has a long tail4 ,%e exclaims fe>fully4 ,! affreet bl[s 9 h] face & leaves h]4 ,%e is f\nd frightfully disfigur$1 & is br\ght to b$ sev5 days aft] ( a black cat4 ,! rema9+ hi/ories are ( a simil> nature1 all alike %[+ h[ completely ! s-call$ ,*ri/ian p ( ,mod]n ,europe believ$ t disembodi$ spirits c\ld assume human =m ) su* complet5ess z to be ! fa!r ( (fspr+4 ,we may fairly comp>e ^! tales ) t told by hea!n ,greeks ab\t ,jupit] & ,alcm5a1 b :5 we place !m side by side1 ! anci5ts %[ a f> sup]ior fancy 9 _! fables ?an d ! comp>ative mod]ns4 ,i f9d f ,reville's ,hi/ory ( ! ,devil1 p4 #ed 7,london3 ,williams ,norgate1 #ahga71 t s late z a4d4 #agef1 at ,l&%ut1 9 ,bav>ia1 a "y girl ( ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 0 convict$ ( impure int]c\rse ) ! devil1 & put to dea?4 ,x is a pity t no acc\nt ( ! trial is app5d$4 ,talboys ,:eel]1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,india1 vol4 ,,il1 p4 #eae1 indicates t !re is to ?is day1 9 ,india1 a belief 9 incubi4 ,speak+ ( ,paisa*a m>riages1 9 :i* a woman is unit$ to a man )\t h] k or cons5t1 he rem>ks3--,! orig9 ( ! "n is some:at curi\s4 ,! ,paisa*as 7 evil spirits or gho/s 7see ,lili? & ,satyr ,anci5t ,fai?s1 vol4 ii47 :o 7 suppos$ to haunt ! e>?4444 ,if1 !re=e1 a damsel f\nd h]self likely to become a "m )\t h] be+ able to furni% a satisfactory reason = h] mat]nity1 %e w\ld naturally plead t %e _h be5 victimiz$ by a ,paisa*4444 ,9 mod]n times1 h[ev]1 ! belief is /ill v g5]al ?r\gh\t ! rural di/ricts ( ,india1 t wives1 z well z maid5s1 may be occasionally victimiz$ by su* gho/ly admir]s4 ,e my?ologi/ :o has inv5t$ su* /ories z t ( ,jupit] & ,alcm5a1 & e woman :o has ev] attribut$ h] pregnancy to a div9e be+1 call him :at %e may1 seems completely to ignore ! idea t a god :o des]ves ! "n1 does n require human aid to produce a man or woman4 ,surely e pr(\nd ?9k] w\ld say to himself1 ,! ,supreme1 :o c\ld by a ^w create full-gr[n creatures 9 ! beg9n+1 has n lo/ ! p[] n[2 surely ,he1 :o c\ld make ,adam out ( du/1 & ,eve out ( a bone ( man1 c produce 9 lat] days simil> images ( ! godhead1 z we are told 9 ,g5esis i4 #bf1 )\t acc\pl+ ) a desc5dant ( ! rib4 ,! my?ological idea1 !re=e1 ( a div9e *ild com+ f a cele/ial fa!r & a t]re/rial "m1 has no?+ pr(\nd !re91 = x is ess5tially a bungl+ contrivance ( "s /upid man4 ,on ! o!r h&1 su* a notion c\ld only be ent]ta9$ :]e a grovell+ or an?ropomorphic idea has prevail$1 or is *]i%$ among/ a cr$ul\s p4 ,to put ! subject into ! fewe/ words possible1 a god has nev]--s f> z ?\ghtful m5 c judge--be5 said to be ! fa!r 9 ! fle% ( a human be+1 except by frail wom51 or va91 fooli%1 or design+ m54 ,we are =tifi$ 9 ?is conclusion by ! me?od 9 :i* nations or sects :o h ea* _! own fav\rite son ( ,god1 treat ea* o!r4 ,none endeav\r to prove t ! "m ( _! own h]o _h no comm]ce ) man1 = t is impossible--all1 on ! o!r h&1 ridicule ! idea ( !re be+ a *ild )\t a human fa!r1 & insi/ t no woman's ^w c\nt]vails ! laws ( nature4 ,b ?is argum5t is only us$ aga9/ oppos+ religioni/s--x has no weight aga9/ _! own div9e lead]4 ,! cases :i* we h describ$ are :olly diff]5t f ^? my?ological /ories1 9 :i* ! union ( ! sexes is absolutely or relatively ignor$4 ,!y diff] also f ^? 9 :i* ! ,creator is repres5t$ z &rogyn\s1 or be+ orig9ally )\t sex1 becomes1 by an ef=t ( w1 a bisexual be+1 s z to br+ ab\t ! creation ( man & ( ! _w4 ,= example1 :5 we f9d 9 ! ,orphic ,hymns 7,cory's ,anci5t ,fragm5ts1 pp4 #bij1 seq471 ,zeus is male1 ,immortal ,zeus is female1 x is cle> t !re 0 9 ! writ] an idea ( an union ( ! sexes be+ necess>y to creation4 ,b :5 we f9d ,*aos alone be+ ! prog5itor ( ,erebus & ,black ,night1 f :i* aga9 7 born ,e!r & ,bay1 & ,e>? ! p>5t ( ,heav5 & ! ,sea 7,hesiod1 ,!ogony1 #aaf-acj71 !re is a total abs5ce ( a sexual notion4 ,?is idea1 h[ev]1 appe>s 9 ! subsequ5t l9es :i* repres5t ,e>? w$d+ ) ,heav54 ,! same sexual notion1 appe>s 9 ano!r fragm5t f ,ari/ophanes1 7,cory1 ,a4 ,r1 p4 #bic71 :i* tells u t ,night ) ! black w+s fir/ produc$ an a]ial egg1 :i* 9 its "t gave rise to love1 :5ce sprung all creation4 ,yet ! egg necess>ily presupposes a be+ :i* =m$ x1 & ano!r t fructifi$ x1 s t ! my?os is n :olly free f ! int]mixture ( ! sexual elem5t4 ,:5 my?ologi/s h be5 peculi>ly anxi\s to %ake (f ! some:at grotesque doctr9e t ! cele/ial ,creator mu/ be indep5d5t ( any o!r p[]1 9 ! g5esis ( ! _w & heav51 !re has be5 a great v>iety ( attempts to %[ h[ ?is has be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,9 "o curi\s ,h9doo leg5d1 ,vi%nu is repres5t$ sleep+ on ! bosom ( ,devi1 at ! bottom ( ! ocean :i* cov]$ ! _w4 ,sudd5ly a lotus sprung f 8 navel1 & grew till x rea*$ ! surface ( ! flood4 ,f ?is wond]ful fl[] ,brahma sprang1 &1 see+ no?+ b wat]1 imag9$ himself ! fir/-born ( all creatures4 ,b ere he felt sure1 he desc5d$ ! /alk & f\nd ,vi%nu at its root2 & !n ! two conte/$ _! respective claims1 b ,mahadeva int]pos$1 &1 by a curi\s contrivance1 /opp$ ! qu>rel1 demon/rat+ t be=e ei!r came into exi/5ce !re reign$ an ev]la/+ l+am4 ,ano!r my? closely resembles "o :i* is indicat$ 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 viz41 t ,n>ayana1 or ! _s ( ,god1 a self-exi/5t entity1 mov$ ov] ! wat]s1 & made !m br+ =? all ?+s liv+4 ,?is ,n>ayana is id5tical ) ! yom] elohim--! _s ( ,god ( ! ,hebrew ,g5esis i4 #b2 ! --,greek----! _s ( ,god1 or ,holy ,gho/ ( ! ,greeks4 ,x is ! same z ! breezes ( ?ick air :i* hov]$ ov] *aos 9 ! leg5d assign$ to ,san*onia?on 7,cory's ,fragm5ts1 p4 #a71 & produc$ ! slimy matt] f :i* all be+s sprung4 ,n>ayana is aga9 ! same z ! ,night ( ! ,orphic fragm5t :i* hov]$ ) h] black w+s ov] imm5sity--! same z ! *akemah1 or wisdom ( ,prov]bs viii42 ! ,greek sophia & ! logos--! ^w ( ,john i4 #a4 ,! ,buddha--or ,brahma ( ! ,h9doo4 ,f ?is my/]i\s s\rce matt] 0 =m$ into %ape & all creatures sprang into life4 ,ano!r ,indian my?os 7,moor's ,h9doo ,pan!on1 p4 #gh71 attributes ev5 m ?an ?is to ,brahma4 ,he is said to h produc$ f\r be+s :o prov$ refractory1 & griev$ _! mak]4 ,to com=t him1 ,siva issu$ f a fold 9 8 =ehead--!n /r5g!n$ by ,siva1 he produc$ ,bhrigu & ! sev5 ,ri%is1 & aft] t1 ,n>ada1 f 8 ?igh1 ,k>dama f 8 %ad[1 & ,dac%a f ! =ef+] ( 8 "r h&4 ,he _h1 app>5tly1 )\t a consort1 sixty daught]s1 & f ^! la/ proce$$ all ?+s div9e1 human1 animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al4 ,?is is n altoge!r dissimil> f ! ,hebrew idea ( ,jehovah creat+ all ?+s except woman f ! du/199 & =m+ h] my/]i\sly f a rib ( ! only exi/+ man4 ,we may also comp>e x ) ! bir? ( ,m9]va f ,jupit]'s bra91 & ,bac*us f 8 ?igh4 ,b ! ,greek my? diff]s f ! ,h9doo1 inasmu* z ! deities ref]r$ to 7 orig9ally conceiv$ by human wom51 & did n gr[ f ,! ,?und]]'s body l bran*es f a tree4 99 ,9 ,my?ology1 ?+s ev] repeat !mselves1 ) v little alt]ation4 ,= example1 ,mahadeva is repres5t$ z fight+ ) ,dac%a1 & produc+ h]oes f ! do/ by /rik+ ! gr\nd ) 8 hair4 7,see ,moor's ,h4 ,p41 p4 #ajg74 ,!re is among/ ! ,h9doos a goddess call$ ,prit'hvi1 :o is said to p]sonify ! ,e>?2 %e _h _m names :i* we ne$ n describe1 & %e 0 also furni%$ ) a consort1 ^: bir? is ?us describ$ 7,moor1 ,h4 ,p41 p4 #aaa47--,v5a be+ an impi\s & tyrannical pr9ce1 0 curs$ by ! ,brahmans1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 di$ )\t issue4 ,to rem$y ?is1 8 left arm 0 op5$1 & *urn$ ) a /ick till x produc$ a son1 :o1 prov+ z wick$ z 8 fa!r1 0 set aside2 & ! "r arm99 0 9 l mann] *urn$1 :i* also produc$ a boy1 :o prov$ to be a =m ( ,vi%nu1 "u ! "n ( ,prit'hu4 ,we may add t ,prit'hvi treat$ him badly1 & he _h to beat & te> h] be=e %e w\ld be com=table ) him4 ,h5ce ! necessity = pl\gh+ & digg+ be=e crops ( c]eals1 c41 w ab\nd4 ,we c und]/& ! la/ "p ( ! leg5d bett] ?an ! fir/4 ,9 ! ,v$ic ,my?ology1 we may say g5]ally1 t ! means ( produc+ (fspr+ are curi\sly num]\s2 = example1 we f9d 9 ,gold/uck]'s ,sanscrit & ,engli% ,diction>y1 page #bj1 "u ! ^w angiras--a /atem5t t an individual be>+ ?is cognom51 is nam$ 9 ! ,vaidik leg5ds1 z "o ( ! ',prajapatis'1 or prog5itors ( mank9d1 eng5d]$1 accord+ to "s1 by ,manu2 accord+ to o!rs1 by ,brahma himself1 ei!r ) ! female half ( 8 body1 or f 8 m\?1 or f ! space betwe5 8 eyebr[s4 99 ,z ^! leg5ds g5]ally are bas$ ^u some?+ :i* ,europeans w\ld designate a vile pun1 ,i turn$ to ! ,sanscrit ,lexicon 7,moni] ,williams71 fir/ to asc]ta9 ! names ( ! arm2 &1 secondly1 if !re 7 any words alli$ to x1 h[ev] remotely1 :i* _h a c]ta9 mean+4 ,among/ o!rs1 ,i f9d t buja signifies an arm1 & bhaga is a "n ( ,siva--"o ( ^: epi!ts1 bhagan- d>a r5d+ ! vulva4 ,do%a also means ! arm & night4 ,ano!r ^w hav+ ! same mean+1 is prave%ta1 & ?is n only signifies ! arm1 b "o :o cov]s ov]4 ,we c !n1 ,i ?9k1 see :y ! device ( ! *urn+1 ref]r$ to 9 ! text1 made a process available = ! production ( a *ild4 ,! leg5d is a clumsy "o1 b n m s ?an t 9 ,exodus xxxiii4 #bc1 :]e9 we are told t ,jehovah %[$ to ,moses ,8 back p>ts1--,vulgate1 po/]iora mea--inasmu* z no "o c\ld see ,8 face & live6 ,a /ill m curi\s /ory is relat$ 9 ! same diction>y1 p4 #dea1 "u ! ^w ayonijesw>a4 ,?is appellative is "o belong+ to a sacr$ place ( pilgrimage sacr$ to ,ayonija1 ^: miracul\s bir? 0 ?us br\ght ab\t4 ,a v le>n$ ,muni1 ?\gh mak+ a comm5dable use ( ! prop] nasal way ( read+ sacr$ scripture 9 8 own p]son1 yet associat$ ) individuals :o did n give ! or?odox twang499 ,! good man rema9$1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 9 a sonless condition1 b ! leg5d does n condesc5d to expla9 :y tol]ation ( tones 9 religi\s c]emony %\ld make a husb& inf]tile & 8 wife b>r54 ,at any rate1 ! ,muni1 nam$ ,vidyan&a1 feel+ ! puni%m5t a great "o1 travell$1 app>5tly alone1 f "o holy place to ano!r )\t be+ ne>] pat]nity4 ,at l5g? he met ) a yog9 or male an*oret1 h]mit1 devotee1 or sa9t1 correspond+ to ! yog9is1 :o are repres5t$ by ,moor 7,h4 ,p41 p4 #bce7 z be+ sometimes v lovely & allur+2 & he1 tak+ pity ^u ! ,muni1 gave him a wond]ful fruit1 :i*1 he in=m$ him1 if eat5 by 8 wife1 w\ld h ! effect ( procur+ = ,vidyan&a ! bir? ( a son4 ,b ! ,muni1 l _m ano!r "* 9 my?ological & fairy tales1 seems sudd5ly to h lo/ 8 s5se ( hope def]r$ & a c]ta9 prospect ( relief1 = in/ead ( hurry+ home he s\ght repose "u a tree on a riv]'s br9k1 & :il/ !re ate ! fruit himself4 ,he at once became pregnant4 ,:5 ! new /ate ( ?+s 0 evid5t1 he confess$ all t _h happ5$ to ! ,yog91 & ! latt]1 by means ( 8 sup]natural p[]1 introduc$ a /ick into ! body ( ,yidyan&a1 & reliev$ him ( ! infant4 ,! creature 0 a beautiful boy1 radiant l ! disc ( ! sun1 & end[$ ) div9e lu/re1 & on acc\nt ( ! mode 9 :i* he 0 born 8 fa!r call$ him ,ayonija1 :i* signifies1 n born f ! womb4 ,! acc\nt !n goes on to /ate t ?is miracul\s infant became a wond]fully good1 le>n$1 pi\s1 religi\s1 & fanatic man2 t ! god1 delight$ ) 8 piety1 gave him sons & gr&sons1 & aft] 8 dea? receiv$ him into 8 heav54 ,any p]sons com+ n[ to bake at ! spot :]e ^! fav\rs f ,siva 7 grant$1 & duly p]=m+ ! v>i\s duties ( a pi\s pilgrim1 are rew>d$1 accord+ to _! piety1 c41 ) prog5y1 worldly happ9ess1 fre$om f transmigration1 & et]nal bliss4 99 ,?is rem9ds me ( an anecdote :i* ,i once read ( a dev\t ,scot* "m1 :o1 on he>+ h] son read ! ,bible 9 an ord9>y tone ( voice1 cuff$ him viol5tly because he presum$ to read t ,holy ,book )\t ! cu/om>y religi\s drawl4 ,"u ! ^w ,ayonija1 ,gold/uck] gives ! foll[+ examples ( individuals n born f ! yoni viz43--,drona1 ! son ( ,bh>adwaja1 :o 0 born 9 a bucket ,suyya1 ^: orig9 0 unkn[n4 ,draupadi1 :o at a sacrifice ( h] fa!r ,drupada1 arose out ( ! sacrificial gr\nd4 ,sita1 :o sprang into exi/5ce 9 ! same mann] z ,draupadi ,! same is also an epi!t ( ,vi%nu or ,kri%na4 ,^! /ories pale 9 int]e/ be=e t ( ! orig9 ( ,c>ticeya 7see ,moor's ,h4 ,p41 p4 #ea1 #hi71 & ,i give an acc\nt ( ?is leg5d1 fooli% ?\gh _m conceive x to be1 = ev]y?+ :i* is connect$ ) a ,h9doo my?os is rem>kable1 :5ev] x is f\nd to be antec$5tly p>allel ) ,*ri/ian surr\nd+s ( a some:at simil> n>rative4 ,we notice1 = example1 9 ! foll[+ tale1 t ! ,indian idea ( ! p[] ( p5ance & asceticism1 is1 t ^! do+s or actions are s great1 t by _! means alone man may compel ! ,creator to d ?+s aga9/ ,8 design1 :il/ 9 ! ,papal tales ( c]ta9 monks & nuns1 we f9d ! doctr9e ass]t$ t by preem95t fa/+s1 sc\rg+s & pray]s1 p h acquir$ ! p[] to sell salvation to _! fell[ m51 9 a mann] diff]5t to t :i* is appo9t$4 ,aga91 ! god :5 =c$ to obey ! p[] ( ! devotee1 is repres5t$ z inv5t+ a me?od by :i* he c\ld1 z x 71 *eat himself1 j z ,jehovah or ,elohim is said to h contriv$ a plan by :i* ,he c\ld circumv5t ,himself = ! v[ :i* ,he _h made to de/roy all ! m5 ^u ! e>? by a flood ( wat]4 ,aga91 z ! arrogance ( ! ascetic ?reat5$ to de/roy ! _w & ! heav51 a deliv]] or a savi\r 0 promis$1 :o %\ld be begott5 by an inc>nate god ^u a goddess equally inc>nate1 & save mank9d f a t]rible devil ,?is is a c\nt]p>t ( ! ,papal !ory1 :i* makes x appe> t a portion ( ! godhead became incorporat$ ) a dove1 & _h union ) a woman1 h]self an immaculate manife/ation ( ano!r portion ( ,! ,supreme4 ,yet /ill m /rik+ ?an ?is1 is ! "p :i* ! dove plays 9 ! ,indian my?os ( ! bir? ( ! ,h9doo ,savi\r4 ,9 almo/ e m$iaeval pa9t+ or et*+ ( ! miracul\s conception ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! dove takes ! position ( ! div9e fa!r ( ,jesus4 ,nay1 s di/9ct is ! idea int5d$ to be convey$ 9 "o in/ance1 t a dove1 surr\nd$ by a galaxy ( angelic heads1 d>ts a ray f 8 body on high1 into ! v "p ( ! virg91 prop] to receive x4 ,! design ( ! arti/ is /ill f>!r height5$ by ! vesica piscis1 ! emblem ( woman be+ m>k$ ^u ! appropriate "p ( ! dress1 & a figure ( an infant )9 x1 po9ts unmi/akeably to ! belief t ! ,holy ,gho/1 l a dove1 absolutely begot ! ,jewi% savi\r z he did ! ,h9doo deliv]] ( gods & m54 7,see ,anci5t ,fai?s1 vol ,,il1 p4 #fdh1 fig4 #dh74 ,b ! p>allel may ev5 be c>ri$ f>!r1 = 9 ! ,indian hi/ory x is ,agni1 ! embodim5t ( fire or ! fire or sun god1 :o becomes ! dove2 :il/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 fire is "o ( ! manife/ations ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,acts ii4 #c74 ,we conclude ?is f ! fact1 t all dev\t *ur*m5 believe t ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d$ ^u ! day ( ,p5teco/ ) ! s\nd ( a ru%+ mighty w9d1 z a multitude ( clov5 fi]y tongues1 :i* aga9 sugge/s to ! recollection ( ^? famili> ) ! ,v$ic /ory1 t ! ,m>uts--ru%+1 mighty1 /ormy w9ds--7 frequ5t att5dants ^u ,agni ,= example1 9 "o ( ! ,hymns 7p4 #ci7 ( ! ,rig ,v$a ,sanhita 7translat$ by ,max ,muell]71 ! burd5 or *orus ( e v]se is1 ) ! ,m>uts come hi!r1 ,o ,agni4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! p>allel betwe5 ! two my?s ceases1 = 9 ! ,indian tale ! savi\r has no e>?ly "m4 ,we may really affirm t he has no "m at all1 be+ ! (fspr+ ( ! fa!r alone1 :il/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 ! deliv]] is repres5t$ z hav+ no human sire4 ,! "o /ory is j z likely to be true z ! o!r1 or j z unlikely4 ,z a reasonable be+ ,i _c believe ! "o )\t cr$it+ ! o!r1 or reject only "o ( ! two4 ,) ?is preface1 we may proce$ to relate ! leg5d z record$ by ,moor4 ,a c]ta9 devil or ,daitya--= x mu/ be rem>k$ t ! ,h9doos reg>d ! devil z be+ compos$ ( _m individualities1 mu* 9 ! same way z ,*ri/ians d--0 extremely ambiti\s & oppressive1 z ,satan is said to h be5 9 heav5499 ,to =ce ,brahma to promise him any boon he %\ld require1 ! ascetic w5t ?r\gh ! foll[+ p5ances1 p]si/+ 9 ea* = a hundr$ ye>s4 7#a7 ,he /ood on "o foot1 hold+ ! o!r1 & bo? h&s upw>ds1 & fix$ 8 eyes on ! sun4 7#b7 ,he /ood on "o great toe4 7#c7 ,he liv$ ^u wat] alone4 7#d7 ,he liv$ on air4 7#e7 ,he imm]s$ himself 9 wat]4 7#f7 ,he buri$ himself 9 ! e>?1 & yet cont9u$ z be=e 9 incessant adoration4 7#g7 ,he !n did ! same 9 fire4 7#h7 ,!n he /ood ^u 8 head ) 8 feet upw>ds4 7#i7 ,he !n /ood ^u "o h&4 7#aj7 ,he hung by 8 h&s f a tree4 7#aa7 ,he hung on a tree ) 8 head d[nw>ds4 99 ,i call att5tion to ^! p>allels1 = !y compel z ei!r to accept ! ,h9doo /ories z true1 because !y co9cide ) t :i* ,*ri/ians reg>d z reveal$ tru?1 or !y oblige z to di/ru/ our curr5t ideas z to ! inspir$ v]ity ( "s biblical /ories1 f\nd$ z !y are ^u ! same1 or a simil>1 basis to ^? ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,! ,h9doo tale be+ f\nd$ 9 ! ,s9purana1 !re c be no reasonable d\bt t its fabrication prec$$ t ( ! ,hebrew or ,*ri/ian my?os4 ,! effect ( ^! au/]ities al>m$ all ! gods1 & !y w5t to ,brahma = consolation4 ,he answ]$ t ?\gh he 0 b\nd to grant ! boon desir$ by a man :o became p[]ful by 8 au/]ities1 he w\ld devise a me?od ( r5d]+ x in(f5sive to ! heav5ly ho/4 ,t>ika1 ! "n borne by ! ,daitya1 ask$ = ! gift ( unrivall$ /r5g?1 & t no h& %\ld slay him except a son ( ,mahadeva4 ,?is be+ acquir$1 he plund]$ all ! m9or gods--! sun1 dread+ him1 gave no heat2 & ! moon1 9 t]ror1 rema9$ always at ! full--9 %ort1 ! devil1 ,t>ika1 usurp$ ! entire managem5t ( ! univ]se4 ,n>$a--! p]sonification ( ,reason--,wisdom1 ! ,logos1 or ^w1 n[ prophesi$ t ! de/9$ deliv]]1 or savi\r ( ! _w1 w\ld come f ! union ( ,mahadeva & ,p>vati4 ,b ! fir/ 0 indispos$ to m>ry1 & only cons5t$ to d s aft] be+ mollifi$ by ard5t devotions & great au/]ities enact$ by ! second4 ,to ! horror1 h[ev]1 ( ! discomfit$ _w1 ,p>vati 0 b>r52 & ! gods deput$ ,agni to try to produce ! son :om all s e>ne/ly desir$4 ,he took ! =m ( a dove1 & arriv$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,mahadeva j z he _h ris5 f ! arms ( ,p>vati1 & receiv$ f him1 9 a mann] n easy or necess>y to describe m9utely1 ! g]m ( ,c>ticeya2 b1 unable to reta9 x1 ! bird let x fall f 8 bill into ! ,ganges4 ,on ! banks ( ?is riv] arose1 !refrom1 a boy1 beautiful z ! moon1 & bright z ! sun4 ,?is 0 ,! ,savi\r promis$ by ! prophet4 ,:5 he atta9$ to manhood1 he f\ght ! devil 9 a t]rific combat :i* la/$ t5 :ole days2 b ,c>ticeya came (f ! conqu]or1 & deliv]$ ! _w4 ,i may notice 9 pass+ t z ,c>ticeya is repres5t$ to be ! son ( 8 fa!r1 ,mahadeva alone--s ,ganesa1 :o 0 born aft] ! m>riage above ref]r$ to1 is said to be solely ! son ( 8 "m1 ,p>vati2 ,mahadeva n hav+ any?+ to d ) him4 ,x is /ill f>!r /at$ 9 ! ,s9 purana t ! husb& 0 jeal\s1 & displeas$ at ?is assumption ( indep5d5t p[] by 8 sp\se1 puni%$ h] 9 ! p]son ( ?is my/]i\s son 7,moor1 ,h4 ,p41 page #aga-b74 ,!re is ano!r ,h9doo /ory 9 :i* a fa!r alone becomes ! prog5itor ( tw9s--& x is rem>kable1 n only = ?is1 b = ! dread :i* a deity is said to feel f ! au/]ities ( a man4 ,:eel] 7,hi/ory ( ,india1 vol4 i1 p4 #gh2 ,williams' ,sanscrit ,lexicon1 s4 v4 ,kripa71 reg>ds ?is tale z ,brahmanical1 &1 accept+ 8 au?ority1 we c see t ! asceticism :i* is introduc$ into ! /ory is int5d$ to exalt ! claims ( t section ( ! prie/hood :o torture !mselves4 ,x runs ?us3--,s>advat1 by ! magnitude ( 8 p5ances1 fright5$ ,indra1 :o s5t a cele/ial nymph to tempt him4 ,he resi/$ all h] wiles1 & refus$ all comm]ce ) h]2 b 8 excit$ imag9ation produc$ "o ( its common effects1 & f t :i* 0 spill$ ^u ! gr\nd a boy & girl arose1 ,drona & ,kripa4 ,9 ,:eel]'s sket* ( ! /ory1 two su* miracul\s ev5ts occur1 = a precisely simil> occurr5ce took place ) a c]ta9 ,raja--& ! males sprung f ?is sup]natural =m ( g5]ation1 ,drona & ,drupada1 became cronies1 & 7 educat$ toge!r4 ,9 ,:eel]'s acc\nt ,kripa becomes ! wife ( ,drona1 & n 8 tw9 si/]4 ,%e is repres5t$ to h be5 born f a ,brahm9 nam$ ,gautama1 9 ! same fa%ion z ,drona 04 ,c]tes1 ! scribes :o wrote ! gospels1 & d\bl$ wond]s to make !m m miracul\s1 are f> beh9d ! ,h9doos 9 ! unblu%+ effront]y ( _! conceptions4 ,a /ory some:at analog\s to t ( ! orig9 ( ,c>ticeya--,drona & ,drupada1 is to be f\nd 9 ,grecian my?ology4 ,!re9 we read 7see ,lempri]e's ,classical ,diction>y1 #h4,v41 ,m9]va71 t ,jupit] promis$ to 8 daught]1 ,m9]va1 t %e %\ld nev] be m>ri$--s9ce t 0 h] especial desire4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ! ,?und]] _h n a good memory1 & 0 unable to =esee ! future2 he !re=e promis$ to ,vulcan t he w\ld--9 return = a p]fect suit ( arm\r--give him :atsoev] boon he ask$4 ,! di/ort$ god1 be+ a great admir] ( ! p]sonification ( wisdom1 dem&$ ,m9]va 9 m>riage4 ,zeus !n grant$ 8 petition & gave ,m9]va to him = a bride1 s t arts & arms %\ld !nce=? be w$d$ toge!r4 ,b ! goddess dislik$ ,vulcan1 j z mu* z sci5ce & philosophy %un w> & physical weapons4 ,jupit] !n privately c\nsell$ 8 daught] to submit1 app>5tly1 b to cont5d1 actually1 :5ev] h] husb& %\ld endeav\r to c>ess h]4 ,?is advice ! goddess v artfully & det]m9ately c>ri$ out4 ,b ,vulcan's impetuosity 0 extreme1 & ! conte/ betwe5 ! sp\ses 0 prolong$4 ,?\gh ! promis$ wife 0 9 ! end victori\s1 & reta9$ h] virg9ity1 ! sc5e ( ! /rife1 l _m ano!r battle-field1 requir$ cleans+4 ,! mat]ial employ$ by ! goddess 9 ! process 0 ?r[n d[n to e>?1 & f ?is /uff sprung ,eric?onius1 z ! son ( ,vulcan alone1 :o1 on atta9+ man's e/ate1 became ! f\r? k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,a some:at simil> /ory is told ( ,jupit] 7,arnobius1 adv4 ,g5tes1 ,b4 v471 :o is repres5t$ z enam\r$ ( ,!mis1 :o1 :5 ly+ on ! rock ,agdus1 9 ,phrygia1 & !re surpris$ by ! god1 resi/$ 8 desires1 z ,m9]va _h done ^? ( ,vulcan1 & ) a some:at simil> result4 ,b 9 ?is in/ance1 t :i* ! au?or calls 9 ano!r passage ( 8 "w1 ! vis ,lucilii1 fell ^u ! h>d rock4 ,?is conceiv$1 &1 aft] t5 mon?s1 ! /ony soil br\ght =? a son1 call$1 f 8 mat]nal p>5t1 ,agdi/is4 ,8 "*1 & ev5 8 appe>ance1 7 frightful & rugg$ 9 ! extreme4 ,8 /r5g?1 recklessness1 & audacity fright5$ all ! gods4 ,9 _! dilemma1 ,bac*us (f]$ to give 8 aid1 & proce$$ fir/ to make ! man drunk by sub/itut+ w9e = ! wat] ( ! f\nta9 f :i* he habitually drank4 ,!n1 by a curi\s contrivance1 he made ! fi]ce hunt] emasculate himself4 ,! e>? swall[s up ! sangu9>y ru9s ( 8 manhood1 & 9 _! place comes up a pomegranate tree 9 full be>+4 ,?is be+ se5 by ,nana1 a k+'s daught]1 %e plucks "s ( ! fruit1 & lays x 9 h] bosom4 ,by ?is %e becomes pregnant1 &1 h] /ory be+ disbeliev$1 h] fa!r attempts to />ve h]4 ,b ! "m ( ! gods su/a9s h] ) apples 7see ,canticles ii4 #e71 & b]ries1 or o!r food4 ,h] baby1 :5 born1 is expos$ z be+ illegitimate1 b f\nd by a goa!rd & br\ght up--becom+ ! all b deifi$ ,atys4 ,9 ?is leg5d1 we see "o son born )\t a human "m1 & a second )\t any o!r fa!r ?an ,rimmon1 or a pomegranate499 99 ,agdus1 ,agdi/is1 c--,i am frequ5tly tempt$1 aft] read+ a /ory l ! prec$+1 to se>* 9 ! ,sanscrit lexicon to asc]ta9 if !re c be any esot]ic signification 9 ! leg5d t c be expla9$ by t anci5t language4 ,arnobius op5s ! /ory ) a /atem5t ( ! remote antiquity ( ! tale1 & h[ x is connect$ ) ! ,great ,"m4 ,he !n tells ( a wild di/rict 9 ,phrygia1 call$ ,agdus4 ,/oaes tak5 f x1 z ,!mis _h enjo9$1 7 us$ by ,deucalion & ,pyrrha to repeople ! _w :i* _h be5 de/roy$ by a flood4 ,! great "m 0 fa%ion$ among/ ! re/1 & animat$ by ! deity2 !n foll[s ! /ory giv5 9 ! text4 ,n[1 9 ! ,sanscrit1 ,agadha signifies a hole or *asm1 & su* ?+s h f ! e>lie/ times typifi$ ! ,cele/ial ,"m4 ,agdi/is ,i take to be a ,greek =m ( ,aga/i--son bo? ( ,mitra & ,v>una by ,urvasi1 said to h be5 born 9 a wat]-j>1 to h swall[$ ! ocean1 & compell$ ! ,v9dhya m\nta9s to pro/rate !mselves be=e him1 c4 7,moni] ,williams' ,sanskrit ,engli% ,lexicon1 pp4 #d1 #f74 ,!mis may be a corruption ( ,dhamas--! moon1 an epi!t ( ,vi%nu1 ,yama1 & ,brahma2 also ! ,supreme ,_s 7,m4 ,w4 op4 cit41 p4 #ddh74 ,deucalion seems readily to be resolv$ into ! dyu or div--holy1 & ,kalam1 sem5 virile 7,m4 ,w41 p4 #baa74 ,pyrrha may app>5tly be d]iv$ f bdra--an op5+ or ap]ture 7,m4 ,w472 also bhdra--be>+1 c>ry+1 *]i%+1 support+ 7,m4 ,w41 p4 #gjj74 ,atys1 describ$ z ( surpass+ beauty1 may fairly be associat$ ) atisi & atisaya--to surpass1 excel1 exce$2 & pre-em95ce1 sup]iority 7,m4 ,w41 op4 cit41 p4 #ae74 ,lib]1 aga91 :o is clev] en\gh to outwit & conqu] ,agdi/is1 may1 )\t too /rong a /ret* ( imag9ation1 come f ,idbha-- obta9+1 ga9+1 gett+2 capture1 conque/2 ! rootword is labh--to seize1 to take hold (1 ga91 recov]1 rega91 fcc4 7,m4 ,w41 p4 #hfa1 #b74 ,nana1 ! "m ( ,atys ! beautiful1 has probably come f n&a--happ9ess1 pleasure1 joy1 felicity1 delight 7,m4 ,w41 op4 cit4 p4 #dfg74 ,9 ! previ\s volumes ,i h ref]r$ to ! pomegranate-- ,hebrew1 ,rimmon--z an emblem4 ,9 ! leg5d :i* makes ,nana conceive by eat+ ?is fruit1 !re are1 ,i fancy1 two ideas--"o1 t ! pomegranate is fill$ ) se$s & pulp ( a r$ col\r2 ! o!r1 t 9 ! ,greek its "n is rota1 or roa1 :i* has a close resemblance 9 s\nd ) reo--to fl[ or gu%4 ,( ! ^w ,midas--! "n ( him :o s\ght to br+ ab\t ! union ( ! opposite sexes by m>ry+ 8 daught] ,nana to ,attis or ,atys1 ! mo/ appropriate etymon :i* ,i c f9d 9 ! ,sanscrit is 9 ! root ma?1 :i* signifies to /rike fire by rubb+ wood toge!r1 to *urn or produce by *urn+4 ,if we all[ t !re is tru? 9 ^! d]ivations1 we c !n see h[ completely ,arnobius has be5 deceiv$ by tak+ ! leg5d au pi$ de la lettre4 ,he sees no?+ b ! exot]ic side ( ! fable2 ! m in/ruct$ philosoph] sees 9 x no?+ beyond an attempt to weave a /ory to acc\nt = ord9>y m5 & wom5 exi/+4 ,! ,e>?1 f h] deep womb produces /ones :i* become male & female 7comp>e ,psalm cxxzix4 #ae--,:5 ,i 0 made 9 secret1 & curi\sly wr\ght 9 ! l[e/ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,b mycologi/s 7 n always cont5t ) giv+ prec$5ce 9 creation to ! ,great ,"m1 consequ5tly ! ,fa!r ( all comes ^u ! sc5e f no "o kn[s :]e4 ,refus+ to %>e ) him h] supremacy1 he1 l ! ,h9doo ,mahadeva1 becomes a fa!r 9 spite ( h]4 ,l 8 p>5t1 ! son becomes rag+ mad1 l an elephant or a horse 9 spr+4 ,he is tam$ by ca/ration1 b ! p>ts he loses /ill be> a fructify+ p[]1 & once m1 a maid5--type ( ! cele/ial virg91 has (fspr+4 ,)\t go+ fur!r into ! tale1 ! /ory tell] endeav\rs aga9 to introduce m>riage1 b on ! ?re%old arre/s himself1 app>5tly "u ! idea t ! w$d$ /ate takes away ! pleasure ( fre$om f f9e "y m54 ,beyond ?is po9t x w\ld be unpr(itable to g1 s9ce few ( u c realize ,greek ideas on c]ta9 matt]s4 ,! orig9 ( ,v5us is told by ,hesiod 9 su* a mann] z to lead 8 read]s to believe t1 n only 0 %e ! daught] ( a fa!r alone1 b ( t p>ticul> "p ( 8 body :i* has be5 deifi$ z a ,tr9ity4 ,aft] speak+ 7,!ogmy1 #agj-bjj71 ( ! cruelty ( ,ouranos1 & h[ 8 wife inspirit$ ,cronos to puni% 8 fa!r by means ( a sickle made ( :ite iron extract$ f h] body 7t41 ! e>?71 we read--,!n came va/ ,heav51 ,ouranos1 br++ ,night ) him1 & eag] = love1 brood$ ar\nd ,e>? 7,ge7 & lay /ret*$1 ,i wot1 on all sides2 b 8 son f out 8 ambu% grasp$ at him ) 8 left h&1 :il/ 9 8 "r he took ! huge sickle1 long & jagg$-too!d1 & ha/ily m[$ (f ! g5itals ( 8 sire1 & ?rew !m1 to be c>ri$ away1 beh9d him4 ,^! fell into ! sea1 & kept drift+ a long "t up & d[n ! deep1 & all ar\nd kept ris+ a :ite foam f ! immortal fle%2 & 9 x a maid5 0 n\ri%$4 ,fir/1 %e drew nigh div9e ,cy!ra1 & !nce came next to wave-wa%$ ,cyprus4 ,!n =? /epp$ an awful1 beaute\s goddess2 & b5ea? h] delicate feet ! v]dure ?rove ar\nd2 h]1 gods & m5 "n ,aphrodite ! foam-sprung goddess1 c4 7,bonn's ,translation1 p4 #aa1ab74 ,/ill fur!r1 we f9d 9 ! ,grecian my?ology t ,m9]va 0 ! (fspr+ ( ,jupit] )\t a "m be+ 9 ! case--unless we put fai? 9 ! tale1 t ! god impregnat$ ,metis1 or wisdom1 & aft]w>ds ate h] up4 ,9 ?is case ! goddess ought1 h[ev]1 to h em]g$ f ! abdom51 & n f ! head ( h] fa!r4 ,vulcan1 moreov]1 is said to h be5 ! son ( ,juno alone1 :o 9 ?is wi%$ to imitate ,jupit]1 :o _h produc$ ,m9]va f 8 bra9s--a my?os :i* does n tally ) ! /atem5t t ,zeus ord]$ ,vulcan to cleave 8 head op51 n ! "p correspond+ to ! yoni ,! tales c]ta9ly lack t evid5ce :i* ! philosoph] is b\nd to seek =2 b = ^? or?odox believ]s :o are b\nd to cr$it e extraord9>y ev5t :i* is record$ 9 ! books ( ! fai?ful1 no te/imony is requir$4 ,^? :o feel assur$ t a s]p5t1 ox1 donkey1 tree1 bu%1 & o!r ?+s h spok5 rationally1 c readily ext5d _! tru/ & assure !mselves t a female has _h a *ild )\t a male1 & vice v]sa--especially :5 ! individuals 7 div9e4 ,z we h be=e rem>k$1 !re is no?+ 9 ! my?ological /ories :i* we h j rec\nt$ t is ei!r m or less miracul\s ?an conception1 c41 by a virg9 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a human sp\se4 ,!re is1 :5ev] a miracul\s ag5cy is presum$1 no great] difficulty 9 believ+ t *ildr5 may be produc$ )\t mo!rs1 ?an t !y %\ld be =m$ )\t ! int]v5tion ( a fa!r4 ,ere a tree c rise 9 ! soil ( a field1 a g]m1 se$1 or cutt+ is z necess>y z ! exi/5ce ( a moi/ m\ld1 or o!r gr\nd4 ,!re be+ !n no great] probability t a crop w spr+ f a moi/ pla9 )\t se$1 ?an t an abundant h>ve/ w come f dry se$ alone1 we are necess>ily ?r[n back ^u te/imony1 :5 we are ask$ to believe 9 ! pat]nity ( man & ! mat]nity ( woman )\t any association ( ! "o ) ! o!r4 ,! my?ologi/s :o conceiv$1 or :o record$ ! fabul\s hi/ory ( ,orion1 evid5tly _h "s idea 9 _! m9ds ( ! necessity ( two elem5ts 9 ! =mation & gr[? ( a *ild1 :5 !y told ! tale ( ! g5]ation ( t giant2 & ! my? connect$ ) ?is individual is s curi\sly l "o record$ 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 t x des]ves full notice4 ,9 ,g5esis ! n>rative in=ms u t !re 0 an old c\ple1 bo? beyond ! age at :i* !re is any probability ( ei!r p>ty p]=m+ ! "p necess>y = ! production ( (fspr+ 7,g54 xviii4 #ab71 bo? 7 desir\s ( hav+ at lea/ "o son1 b ?\gh !y _h be5 long unit$ 9 m>riage1 _! aspirations _h be5 va94 ,to ?is c\ple1 or r to ! husb&1 ,jehovah is said to h appe>$ ) two companions 7,g54 xviii4 #a1 #b71 & z ! man 0 hospitably dispos$1 he ord]$ 8 wife to make "s cakes1 :il/ he w5t to fet* & kill a calf = 8 s]vant to dress & cook4 ,! visitors !n p>took1 alone1 ( ! good *e]1 & :5 !y _h made ! repa/ !y promis$ ! husb& t 8 long *]i%$ desire %\ld be fulfill$1 & t he %\ld h a son4 ,!re does n1 h[ev]1 appe> to be any?+ sup]natural 9 ! g5]ation ( ! infant1 except ! m]e facts t ! fa!r _h be5 effete = "s "t1 & ! "m _h always be5 b>r5 ev5 :5 "y1 s t conception 0 m surely miracul\s by reason ( h] advanc$ age4 ,! probability ( pregnancy at ,s>ah's "t ( life 0 c]ta9ly small1 b %e 0 rem9d$ t no?+ 0 too h>d = ,jehovah to effect4 ,_h n ,he already made man out ( du/ & woman out ( man8 & surely aft] t x 0 easy to cause a man & woman to act _! respective p>ts4 ,! read] mu/ specially be> 9 m9d ?is obs]vation ( ! ,"l's :5 he reads ! ,greek /ory foll[+4 7,see ,ovid's ,fa/i1 book #e74 ,jupit]1 8 bro!r ,neptune1 & ,m]cury1 7 on _! travels2 ! day 0 f> sp5t & ev5+ approa*$4 ,!y 7 spi$ by a v5]able man1 an humble f>m]1 :o /ood 9 ! doorway ( 8 small abode4 ,he acco/s !m ) ! words1 'long is ! road & b little ( ! day rema9s1 my door too is ev] op5 to ! /rang]1' & s e>ne/ is 8 look ( entreaty1 t ! gods accept 8 invitation4 ,jupit] & ! o!rs1 h[ev]1 conceal _! div9e nature1 & eat & dr9k l common m54 ,b aft] a draught ( w9e1 ,neptune inadv]t5tly names ,jupit]1 & ! poor man :o has ?us ent]ta9$ angels unaw>es1 is fright5$ at _! pres5ce4 ,aft] a few mom5ts ( natural emb>rassm5t1 he goes to 8 field & kills 8 only ox--! draw] ( 8 pl\gh--!n he cuts up ! animal1 roa/s x well1 produces 8 be/ w9e1 & lays ! fea/1 :5 ready1 be=e 8 augu/ gue/s4 ,!n ,jove1 delight$ ) 8 hospitality & piety1 says to ! f>m]1 ',if ?y incl9ation leads !e to desire any?+1 wi% = x1 & ?\ %alt receive x4' ,to :i* ! old man answ]s1 ',i once _h a de> wife1 kn[n z ! *oice ( my e>ly y\?1 yet %e is n[ gone f me & an urn conta9s h] a%es4 ,to h] ,i v[$1 call+ ^u y my "l gods z witnesses to ! oa?1 t ,i w\ld nev] w$ me m4 ,i swore & w keep my ^w4 ,%e & ,i long$ = a son1 yet none came to bless our decl9+ ye>s4 ,i ye>n = "o n[1 b w n endeav\r to procure "o1 ,i wi% to be a fa!r1 yet refuse to be a husb& or enact 8 "p4' ,to deities l ,jupit]1 su* a reque/ 0 by no means a difficult "o to grant1 ! gods c\ld z readily =m a boy z !y c\ld fabricate ,p&ora--a lovely woman--& s5d h] to ,prome!us1 ) all ! ills :i* fle% is heir to1 conf9$ 9 an ark1 *e/1 or c(f]4 ,yet ! process ( :at may be designat$ conception 0 a /range "o4 ,! ?ree simply reliev$ !mselves ( ! w9e :i* !y _h drunk1 us+ ! sk9 ( ! slaught]$ ox in/ead ( a m commodi\s vessel4 ,! man 0 !n ord]$ to bury ! :ole 9 ! gr\nd1 & wait accord+ to ! "t ( life4 ,! ge/ation ( ! e>? 0 complet$ 9 t5 mon?s1 & at ! end ( t p]iod ! v5]able f>m] possess$ a f9e lad :o grew up & became fam\s4 ,if1 n[1 we sub/itute = ! ,grecian "n1 ,hyrieus1 ! ,hebrew title ,abraham2 if = ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 & ,m]cury1 we read1 ,jehovah & two angels2 if = ! phrase1 !y 7 on _! travels1 we read1 !y 7 go+ d[n to ,sodom to see if x 0 z bad a place z x 0 report$ to be 7see ,g54 xviii4 #ba72 if = ! ox :i* 0 roa/$1 we place1 a calf t5d] & good1 we see a wond]ful resemblance betwe5 ! /ories ( ! conception ( ,orion & ,isaac4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce t 9 ! ,hebrew tale ! div9e gift is br\ght ab\t by a transi5t re/oration ( p[] to ,abraham & ,s>ah2 :il/ 9 ! ,grecian my?os1 ! old man is fai?ful to ! memory ( a belov$ sp\se1 & refuses to r5ew ) ano!r ! pleasure :i* he _h 9 h] company4 ,we conceive t ! exig5cy ( ! ,jewi% acc\nt1 made x necess>y t ! son ( ,abraham %\ld be ( 8 fa!r begott51 z well z a *ild ( promise2 :]eas no "o c call ,orion ! son ( any "o1 al?\gh he 0 z surely a *ild ( promise grant$ by ! gods1 z ,isaac 01 :o 0 giv5 by ,elohim 7or ! gods7 ( ! ,hebrews4 ,we may ent] n[1 = a %ort "t1 into a speculation :e!r ! ,grecian /ory 0 borr[$ f ! ,hebrew or ! contr>y4 ,we are dispos$ to believe t ! tale 0 adopt$ by ! ,jews aft] !y became acqua9t$ ) ! ,greeks4 ,! foll[+ are our reasons3--,! conception ( a godhead compos$ ( ?ree p]sons1 is =eign to ! ,hebrew ?\ghts ( ! ,almighty4 ,/ill fur!r 0 x f ,jewi% belief to ?9k1 t ,jehovah w\ld come d[n ^u e>? to acquire in=mation1 & :5 !re1 eat & dr9k & talk l any ord9>y man4 ,among/ ! ,israelites x 0 g5]ally held t no "o c\ld see ! face ( ,god & live1 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,greeks 7 famili> ) tales :i* told ( gods com+ d[n to e>? 9 ! guise ( m54 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 we may po9t to ,acts xiv4 #aa-ac1 :]e9 we f9d t ! p ( ,lycaonia imag9$ t ! gods ,jupit] & ,m]curius _h come d[n to !m 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 & prep>$ to sacrifice to !m4 ,yet aft] all1 ,paul _h simply cur$ a s+le p>alytic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,jews reg>d$ z rank blasphemy1 & a crime wor?y ( dea?1 t ,jesus %\ld ass]t himself to be a son ( ,god1 ev5 al?\gh ! miracles alleg$ 9 support ( ! ass]tion 7 z /up5d\s z !y 7 num]\s4 ,/ill1 fur!r1 we _c imag9e t ! degrad+ /ory ( ,jehovah's fea/+ ) ,abraham c\ld h be5 compos$1 except :5 ! ,jews 7 no bett] ?an an untaught & grossly sup]/iti\s race4 ,we h already1 9 ,anci5t ,fai?s1 c41 express$ our op9ion t ! ,israelites 7 at ! v l[e/ p]iod ( _! hi/ory at ! "t :5 ,isaiah began 8 exhortations4 ,!re _h be5 a conf$]acy betwe5 ! m5 ( ,edom1 ( ,moab1 ,gebal1 ,amnion1 ,amalek1 ,tyre1 ,phili/ia1 & ,assyria1 ! ,ismaelites & ! ,hag>5es1 :i* _h attack$ ,j]usalem & ,judea1 & captur$ all ! inhabitants1 _m ( :om !y sold to ! ,grecians 7see ,joel iii4 #e-g74 ,at1 & %ortly aft] ?is "t1 ! ,jews 7 9 a condition ( abject mis]y 7see ,isaiah i4 #d-i71 & capable ( believ+ any /ory told to !m1 & w\ld j z easily cr$it ! my?ology :i* ! ,grecian captives told1 or _! ,grecian ma/]s taught1 z _! successors d ^? :i* at a subsequ5t p]iod fill$ ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,:il/ !n1 on ! "o h&1 !re is a probability ( ! ,hebrews hav+ borr[$ ! fable f ,hell5i/ic s\rces1 !re is1 on ! o!r1 ! /ronge/ objection to ! supposition t ! ,greeks %\ld h borr[$ f ! ,jews4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ! latt] say ( !mselves1 indicates t !y 7 exclusive to an inord9ate degree1 refus+ to h int]c\rse on equal t]ms ) any ( _! neighb\rs1 t !y nev] s\ght to make _! hi/ory1 laws1 & cu/oms1 kn[n to ,g5tiles1 & especially ^? outside ( ,judea1 & t _! writ+s nev] assum$ a ,grecian dress until ! "t ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus1 :o ord]$ ! ,septuag9t translation to be made ab\t ,b4c4 #bhe1 ) ! direct view ( mak+ ! ,hebrew ,scriptures kn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,moreov]1 we "k f ev]y?+ :i* 0 said ( ! ,jews by ! ,g5tiles1 t ! latt] treat$ ! =m] ) contempt & contumely1 & w\ld no m dream ( imitat+ any ( _! writ+s1 c41 ?an we %\ld c>e to adopt ! my?s ( ,abyss9ian negroes z an integral "p ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x w n[ be pr(itable if we exam9e ! /ory ( ,san*onia?on & ! /atem5ts ( ! ,orphic ,hymns4 ,we h1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is *apt] & else:]e1 s (t5 ref]r$ to ! ,grecian /ory ( ! ,creation z giv5 by ,san*onia?on & 9 ! ,orphic hymns1 t ,i ?9k my read]s are entitl$ to receive "s fur!r acc\nt ( !m2 s ,i reproduce passages :i* be> ^u sup]natural g5]ation1 & especially t ( ! _w & its inhabitants--my ma9 au?ority be+ ,anci5t ,fragm5ts1 c41 by ,j4 ,p4 ,cory 7,london1 #ahcb74 ,( ,san*onia?on we "k little2 our in=mation may be summ$ up by say+ t he is m5tion$ eulogi/ically by ,eusebius 7a4d4 #bgj-cch71 an hi/orian ^: v]acity _c be entirely dep5d$ on4 ,he says t ,san*onia?on _h1 ere 8 "t1 be5 translat$ by a c]ta9 writ] call$ ,philon ,byblius1 & x seems t ,porphyry is cr$it$ ) hav+ copi$ a great "p ( ?is translation into ,greek f ! ,pho5ician4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is actually kn[n ( ! hi/orian 9 "q1 except f ,eusebius 7,smi?'s ,diction>y1 p4 #cjh1 vol4,,iii41 s4 v41 ,philon47 ,we may !n assume1 accord+ to our incl9ation1 ei!r t ! /ory is really a comp5dium ( ,tyrian leg5d>y lore1 or simply a repres5tation ( :at ! ,greeks imag9$4 ,! way1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! g5]ation ( be+s is describ$1 well des]ves att5tion f its simil>ity1 & its contra/s ) ! biblical /ory4 ,fir/1 !re 0 a breeze ( ?ick air & ,*aos4 ,^! unit$ & produc$ ,po?os4 ,?is aga9 unit$ ) ! w9d1 & ,mot 0 ! result1 also call$ ,ilus2 f ?is sprung ! se$ ( ,creation4 ,& !re 7 c]ta9 animals )\t s5sation1 f :i* intellig5t animals 7 produc$499 ,aft] ?is foll[s a quantity ( /uff t is traceable to ,hesiod1 & a "p ( :i* may be consid]$ a p>aphrase ( ,g5esis4 ,!n m5tion is made ( ,eli\n1 call$ ,hypsi/us 7! mo/ ,high71 & 8 wife ,b]u?--z be+ ! contempor>ies ( o!rs2 b no indication is giv5 f :5ce !y came4 ,^! produc$ ,ouranos 7,heav57 & ,ge 7,e>?74 ,_! fa!r 0 kill$ by wild bea/s6 ,!n ,ouranos m>ri$ ,ge1 & _h (fspr+ by h]4 ,b he _h o!r wom51 & ,ge 0 jeal\s4 ,ouranos1 h[ev]1 came to h] :5 he li/$ & attempt$ to kill h] *ildr54 ,he _h a son1 ,cronus1 :o drove him f 8 k+dom4 ,?is son turns out to be ! orig9al be+ call$ ,ilus1 & he contriv$ to emasculate 8 fa!r1 & f ! blood :i* fl[$ sprang riv]s & f\nta9s4 ,! rema9d] ( ?is /ory sc>cely des]ves notice4 99 ,! au?or ( ! tale evid5tly _h some?+ 9 common ) our mod]n ,d>w94 ,ere we turn our att5tion to ! compositions kn[n z ! ,orphic ,hymns1 x w be int]e/+ to inquire :e!r ! prec$+ acc\nt ( ,creation _h a ,pho5ician orig91 or may m fairly be trac$ to an ,indian s\rce fl[+ ?r\gh a ,greek *annel ,aft] a dilig5t se>* 9 ! ,hebrew ,lexicon--& x is to be notic$ t ! ,hebrew is all b id5tical ) ! ,tyrian & ,c>?ag9ian1 ,i _c f9d any words or roots f :i* ! prop] names 9 ! op5+ p>agraph ( ,san*onia?on c by any +5uity be d]iv$4 ,nor c ,i discov] 9 ! ,greek any?+ :i* expla9s ! esot]ic signification ( ! /ory4 ,b1 on ref]5ce to ! ,sanscrit1 !re is a curi\s id5tity app>5t betwe5 ! second v]se 9 ,g5esis & a ,h9doo idea4 ,! =m] runs3--,! e>? 0 )\t =m & void 7tohu ve bohu71 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep1 & ! _s ( ,god mov$ on ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,! ,indian int]pretation ( ! my? is ?is3--,air 9 motion1 vahu1 ruffl$ ! inexplicable1 or empty space1 ka1 has1 or ,i*a1 ,i*am1 a ^w also signify+ 'no?+4' ,!nce proce$$ ! e>?1 ,ua1 or ,mot 7,sans72 ,ma? 7,sans7 mak+ fire by rubb+ /icks 7coitus87 ,mada1 mdda1 & moda1 pleasure1 delight1 gladnesslove1 ,eros4 ,?is is almo/ ! same idea t ,hesiod prop\nds4 ,9 ! ,orphic ,hymns we f9d mu* m cle>ly ?an 9 any o!r writ+ among/ ! anci5t ,greeks ! e>ly ,hell5ic notion ( ! g5]ation ( ! worlds & ( mank9d4 ,respect+ ! value ( ! fragm5ts !re may be "s diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! curi\s & d\btful may be ref]r$ to ,smi?'s ,diction>y 7s4v4 ,orpheus72 = me x w be suffici5t to /ate t bo? ,ari/ophanes & ,plato ref] to ! presum$ au?or z a religi\s tea*] & a prea*] aga9/ murd]1 & ,euripides frequ5tly m5tions him4 ,?is w place ,orpheus at lea/ be=e b4c4 #dhj4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we consid] him z id5tical ) ! (t-sung husb& ( ,eurydice1 we mu/ place him ,b4c4 #fej 7,smi?1 s4v474 ,9 quot+ f ,cory's translation1 ,i %all n scruple to make ! s5se ( m importance ?an lit]ality3 ,zeus is ! fir/--he1 ! ?und]]1 is ! la/2 he is ! head & ! middle1 he fabricat$ all ?+s4 ,zeus is male2 he1 ! immortal1 is also female2 he f\nd$ ! e>? & ! />ry heav52 he is ! brea? ( all ?+s1 ! ru%+ ( indefatigable fire4 ,zeus is ! root ( ! sea1 ! sun & moon1 ! k+1 ! au?or ( univ]sal life2 "o p[]1 "o demon1 ! mighty pr9ce ( all ?+s2 "o k+ly frame1 9 :i* ?is univ]se revolves--fire & wat]1 e>? & e!r1 night & day1 & ,metis 7c\nsel72 ! primeval fa!r & all delightful ,eros 7love74 ,all ^! ?+s are unit$ 9 ! va/ body ( ,zeus4 ,w\ld y behold 8 head & 8 fair face8 ,x is ! respl5d5t heav51 r\nd :i* 8 gold5 locks ( glitt]+ />s are beautifully exalt$ 9 ! air4 ,on ea* side are ! two gold5 taur9e horns1 ! ris+s & sett+s1 ! tracks ( ! cele/ial gods3 8 eyes are ! sun & oppos+ moon2 8 unfallaci\s m9d ! royal incorruptible ,e!r4 ,! next fragm5t has be5 fil*$ by ! au?or ( ,san*onia?on1 & we mu/ n quote x4 ,aft] a recapitulation ab\t ,*aos1 ,cronos1 ,e!r1 & ,eros1 he proce$s3--,i h sung ! illu/ri\s fa!r ( night exi/+ f et]nity1 :om m5 call ,phanes1 = he fir/ appe>$4 ,i h sung ! bir? ( p[]ful ,brimo 7,hecate71 & ! unhall[$ de$s ( ! e>?-born giants :o %[]$ d[n f heav5 _! blood--! lam5table se$ ( g5]ation1 f :5ce sprung ! race ( mortals :o inhabit ! b\ndless e>? = ev]4 ,*aos 0 g5]at$ fir/1 & !n ! wide-bosom$ ,e>?--! ev] /able seat ( all ! ,immortals t inhabit ! sn[y peaks ( ,olympus & ! d>k dim ,t>t>us 9 ! dep?s ( ! broad-way$ e>?1 & ,eros--! faire/ ( ! immortal gods1 t relaxes ! /r5g? ( all1 bo? gods & m51 & subjugates ! m9d & ! sage w 9 _! brea/s4 ,f ,*aos 7 g5]at$ ,erebus & black ,night2 & f ,night aga9 7 g5]at$ ,e!r & day1 :om %e br\ght =?1 hav+ conceiv$ f ! embrace ( ,erebus2 & ,e>? fir/ produc$ ! />ry heav51 equal to h]self1 t x might inclose all ?+s ar\nd h]self4 ,! prec$+ is giv5 by ,hesiod 7#ijj ,b4c474 ,! foll[+ is ! v]sion giv5 by ,ari/ophanes3--,fir/ 7 ,*aos & ,night1 & black ,erebus & va/ ,t>t>us2 & !re 0 nei!r ,e>? nor ,air nor ,heav53 b 9 ! b\ndless bosoms ( ,erebus1 ,night ) h] black w+s fir/ produc$ an a]ial egg1 f :i* at ! complet$ "t sprang =? ! lovely ,eros1 glitt]+ ) gold5 w+s ^u 8 back l ! swift :irlw9ds4 ,b embrac+ ! d>k-w+$ ,*aos 9 ! va/ ,t>t>us he begot our race 7! birds74 ,! race ( ! ,immortals 0 n till ,eros m+l$ all ?+s toge!r2 b :5 ! elem5ts 7 mix$ "o ) ano!r1 ,heav5 0 produc$1 & ,ocean & ,e>? & ! imp]i%able race ( all ! bless$ gods4 ,maia1 supreme ( gods1 ,immortal ,night1 tell me1 c4 ,! next invocation is to ! d\ble-natur$ ,protogonus--! bull com+ f ! egg1 ! r5[n$ light1 ! ineffable /r5g?1 ,priapus ! k+1 c4--,metis 7wisdom7 be>+ ! se$ ( ! gods1 :om ! bless$ inhabitants ( ,olympus call ,phanes ,protogonus4 ,metis ! fir/ fa!r & all-delightful ,eros4 ,aga91 9 allusion to ,phanes1-- ,!re=e ! fir/ god be>s ) himself ! heads ( animals--_m & s+le--( a bull1 ( a s]p5t1 & ( a fi]ce lion1 & !y sprung f ! primeval egg 9 :i* ! animal is sem9ally conta9$4 ,! !ologi/ places ar\nd him ! heads ( a ram1 a bull1 a lion1 & a dragon1 & assigns him fir/ bo? ! male & female sex4 ,female & ,fa!r is ! mighty god ,ericapeus2 to him also ! w+s are fir/ giv54 ,! ,japanese acc\nt ( ! creation is ( suffici5t int]e/ to be notic$ "h4 ,i quote x f a translation ( ! ,annals ( ! ,emp]ors ( ,japan1 by ,mons4 ,tits+h1 assi/$ by int]pret]s ( ! ,dut* ,factory at ,nagasaki1 & r5d]$ into ,fr5*1 aft] be+ duly comp>$ ) ! orig9al by ,m4 ,j4 ,klapwor?--7pr9t$ = ! ,ori5tal ,translation ,fund ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&2 ,london1 #ahcd74 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ! sev5 g5]ations ( ! heav5ly bodies1 we are told t anci5tly ! heav5 & ! e>? 7 n di/9ct1 nor 0 ! female pr9ciple !n sep>at$ f ! male4 ,! *aos1 hav+ ! =m ( an egg1 mov$ ab\t l ! waves ( an agitat$ sea4 ,! g]ms ( ev]y?+ 7 !re1 & ^! ultimately divid$1 ! pure & transp>5t ones go+ upw>d to =m heav51 :il/ ! dull & opaque ones coagulat$ & =m$ ! e>?4 ,betwe5 ! two a div9e be+ sprang up2 he 0 foll[$ by two o!rs 9 succession4 ,all ^! 7 pure males1 & eng5d]$ )\t consorts4 ,aft] !m came a male & a female deity1 b !y _h no int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,^! & ?ree o!r div9e c\ples1 :o foll[$ !m1 reproduc$ _! l by mutual contemplation4 ,! la/ c\ple direct$ ! cele/ial spe> made ( a r$ preci\s /one--said by ,japanese comm5tators to be ! phallus--into ! _w bel[1 & /irr$ x up to ! bottom4 ,on )draw+ ! lance "s drops fell f x & produc$ an isl&1 ^u :i* ! cele/ial c\ple desc5d$4 ,ea* "o !n began to walk 9 opposite directions ar\nd ! isle1 & :5 !y met ! fem99e _s sang joy\sly--,i am delight$ to f9d s h&some a "y man4 ,b ?is vex$ ! male _s1 :o1 be+ a man1 ass]t$ t he ought to h be5 all[$ to speak ! fir/4 ,s !y p>t$ once m on _! solit>y walk2 & :5 !y met ! second "t1 ! woman wait$ to be spok5 to4 ,!n foll[$ a conv]sation some:at too co>se = repetition1 :i* 0 foll[$ by corporeal union4 ,f ! int]c\rse ( ^! div9e be+s all creation sprang4 ,b1 aft] a "t1 ! p>tn]s reflect$ t !re 0 /ill want+ a gov]nor = ! _w :i* !y _h eng5d]$4 ,s !y aga9 acc\pl$1 & produc$ a daught] s lovely1 t h] p>5ts ?\ght h] too good = e>?2 gave h] ! "n ( ! preci\s wisdom ( ! heav5ly sun1 & s5t h] to heav51 !re to assume ! univ]sal gov]nm5t ( all ?+s4 ,! p>5ts once aga9 unit$1 & produc$ ! moon1 :o 0 s5t to heav5 to assi/ h] si/]4 ,a t]rible fell[ 0 !n born f !m1 :o repres5ts ! ,devil1 or ^? tempe/s :i* seem to oppose ! b5efic5t action ( ! sun ^u ! soil4 ,! p>5ts return$ to heav51 & !re are con/ant cont5tions betwe5 ! bro!r & si/]4 ,! =m] is describ$ z be+ furi\s "u attempts at control2 g5]ally1 he 0 quiet1 & always _h te>s 9 8 eyes 7dew & ra971 b sometimes1 :5 provok$1 he broke e ?+1 uproot$ trees1 & set ! m\nta9 =e/s on fire4 ,we ne$ n pursue ! /ory fur!r ?an to say t ! cele/ial be+s creat$ a t]re/rial c\ple1 ^: *ildr5 be> consid]able resemblance to ! ,greek ,jupit]1 ,apollo1 ,neptune1 & o!rs1 & f !m came ! fir/ ,emp]ors ( ,japan4 ,9 ! matt] ( evid5ce ^u su* a po9t z ! conception ( a man )\t a woman1 or a woman )\t a man1 x is cle> t unsupport$ ass]tion is :olly valueless4 ,= example1 ,i may = a "t abs5t myself f g5]al society1 & return to x aga9 aft] a c]ta9 int]val1 hav+ ) me a *ild1 :om ,i ass]t to be my v own1 produc$ by my own inh]5t p[]1 j z a tree produces a leaf :i* gr[s1 matures1 & falls4 ,i may frame a romantic acc\nt ( a dream1 9 :i* ,i 0 told t if ,i plant$ myself 9 ! c5tral b$ ( a c]ta9 g>d51 & contriv$ an app>atus = daily wat]+ my buri$ legs1 t a *ild w\ld spr\t f my "r side1 :o %\ld be to me z a daught]4 ,yet1 h[ev] +5i\s my tale1 !re is n any "o possess+ s\nd s5se & k :o w\ld believe me4 ,9 l mann]1 if a woman %\ld tell a /ory analog\s1 ?\gh n id5tical1 %e is c]ta9 to be discr$it$2 ev5 ! ass]tion ( ! exi/5ce ( a div9e fa!r w\ld n1 if ! woman 7 unmat$1 save h] "* f a /a94 ,we may next ref] to ! leg5d ( ,prome!us1 inasmu* z 9 _m po9ts x resembles ! ,hebrew my?os s greatly1 t we mu/ imag9e !y bo? h a common orig91 or t ! "o is a copy--?\gh an indiff]5t "o1 ( ! o!r4 ,prome!us1 or =e?\ght1 0 repres5t$ to be ! fir/ :o made an ord9>y man--he =m$ him ( clay1 & !n animat$ him ) fire f heav54 ,! ,jewi% tale ass]ts t x 0 ,jehovah :o made ! fir/ man4 ,t man 0 fir/ =m$ l a /atue out ( clay or du/1 & _h no life until brea? 0 infus$ into 8 no/rils4 ,9 bo? /ories man alone is =m$ fir/4 ,9 ! ,grecian fable ,prome!us does n make a consort = 8 man2 nay1 he refuses to receive "o = himself :5 ! gods s5d to him ,p&ora--a p>agon ( lovel9ess4 ,in/ead ( ?is he gives ! damsel to ,epime!us--or aft]-?\ght--:o takes h] c>elessly1 & f9ds t ev5 a *>m+ woman is n a gu>antee aga9/ c>es & woes4 ,"s acc\nts1 h[ev]1 say t ,prome!us made bo? man & woman out ( clay4 ,! discrepancy does n signify mu*1 = we see ! same 9 ,g5esis1 :]e9 we are told 9 "o place t man & woman 7 made toge!r1 :il/ 9 ano!r ! /ory runs t ,adam prec$$ ,eve1 & t1 in/ead ( be+ =m$ ( du/ or clay1 ! latt] 0 =m$ ( bone4 ,we may n[ ref] to ! /ory ( ,apollonius ,tyaneus1 ^: hi/ory has int]e/ = u1 inasmu* z x illu/rates ?ree important po9ts1 ^u :i* mu* /ress has be51 & may /ill be1 laid by inquir+ m9ds4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s is ! prop5sity ( hi/orians1 or1 to speak m correctly1 ( a biograph]1 to record wond]ful ?+s ab\t an extraord9>y man2 next ! ridicule ca/ ^u ! tale by ^? :o h circulat$ /ories equally improbable1 & ! indication t travel to ,h9do/an 0 app>5tly common1 prior to & dur+ 8 "t4 ,9 sket*+ ! life ( ! philosoph]1 ,i quote some?+ f ,le ,dictionnaire ,inf]nal1 & ! re/ f ,smi?'s ,biographical ,diction>y4 ,! philosoph] 9 "q 0 born ab\t #d ye>s ,b4,c4 ,8 hi/ory 0 writt5 by ,philo/ratus1 ab\t #ajj ye>s aft] ! h]o's dea?1 & is o/5sibly f\nd$ ^u memoirs left by 8 secret>y1 ,damis1 an ,assyrian1 :o accompani$ ,apollonius dur+ 8 travels1 & record$ 8 disc\rses & prophecies1 & act$ mu* z ,luke did ) ,paul4 ,among/ ! pro(s :i* ,damis gives ( 8 v]acity1 he tells u t :5 he & 8 ma/] trav]s$ ! ,caucasus1 !y saw ! *a9s :i* b\nd ,prome!us1 /ill fix$ to ! rocks4 ,?is bit ( v]ification is n[ d]id$1 b 9 my s*ool-days ,i recollect hav+ an acc\nt put into my h&s1 writt5 by "s au?or1 /at+ t ! rema9s ( ! ark 7 /ill to be se5 ^u ,m\nt ,ar>at499 99 ,on ! day be=e ?is 0 writt5 !re appe>$ 9 ,! ,telegraph a p>agraph1 to ! effect t an ,assyrian slab _h be5 translat$ by ,mr4 ,smi? ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! record is said to give an acc\nt ( ! deluge1 & x tallies ne>ly ) t giv5 by ,b]osus1 record$ 9 my second volume4 ,x adds1 h[ev]1 t ! ark 0 at t p]iod 9 exi/5ce1 & its wood & bitum5 us$ z amulets4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! tale is suppos$ to confirm ! bible leg5d1 ! writ] ( ! p>agraph nev] dream+ t x m c]ta9ly confirms ! ,babylonian or ,assyrian orig9 ( ! book ( ,g5esis4 ,! o!r p>ts ( ?is slab1 :i* 7 want+1 h m rec5tly be5 f\nd4 ,b !re is no necessity = me to *ange ! word+ ( ! note4 ,!re 0 also curr5t a ,joe ,mill] ab\t "s old woman1 :o w\ld n believe 9 fly+-fi%1 :i* h] sailor-boy _h se51 b :o readily believ$ 8 tale ( hook+ up a *>iot :eel on an an*or fluke f ! bottom ( ! ,r$ ,sea6 ,dr4 ,smi?1 or ,mr4 ,j[ett1 ! au?or ( ! article1 v judici\sly says--,we h purposely omitt$ ! wond]s ) :i* ,philo/ratus has g>ni%$ 8 n>rative4444 ,_m ( ^! are curi\sly co9cid5t ) ! ,*ri/ian miracles--7! italics are our own74 ,! proclamation ( ! bir? ( ,apollonius to 8 "m by ,proteus1 & ! inc>nation ( ,proteus himself2 ! *orus ( swans :i* sung = joy on ! occasion1 ! ca/+ out ( devils1 ! rais+ ! dead & heal+ ! sick1 ! sudd5 disappe>ances & reappe>ances ( ,apollonius2 8 adv5tures 9 ! cave ( ,trophonius1 & ! sacr$ voice :i* call$ him at 8 dea?--to :i* may be add$ 8 claim z a tea*]1 hav+ au?ority to re=m ! _w--_c fail to sugge/ ! p>allel passages 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory4 ,we le>n1 moreov]1 t ! biograph] 0 high 9 fav\r ) ,alex&] ,sev]us1 & t ,eusebius ( ,caes>ea naively all[s ! tru? ( ,philo/ratus' n>rative 9 ! ma91 ) ! exception ( :at is miracul\s4 ,none ( ! au?ors quot$ seem to ?9k ( ! adage--,*ange b ! names1 & ! same classes ( wond]s are a matt] ( fai? to y4 ,surely x is z easy to cr$it ! /range de$s ( ,proteus z ^? ( ,gabriel4 ,:e!r we *oose to adopt ! hypo!sis t ,apollonius 0 a rival ( ,jesus1 t ! ,naz>5e & ,tyanean 7 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 t ! evangeli/s took a h9t f ,damis1 or ,philo/ratus imitat$ ,luke 9 m ways ?an "o1 we h /ill ! fact t two diff]5t biograph]s1 giv+ a hi/ory ( ! life ( two contempor>y individuals1 ass]t t ! bir? ( _! respective h]oes 0 ann\nc$ by a div9e be+1 :o himself br\ght ab\t ! conception ( ! infant t1 on arriv+ at maturity1 0 held to be div9e4 ,9 writ+ ?us1 x w be di/9ctly und]/ood t we draw no comp>ison betwe5 ,jesus & ,apollonius1 b only betwe5 ! au?ors :o h und]tak5 _! respective biography4 ,leav+ ?is curi\s po9t1 ! next notewor?y "o is t ,philo/ratus records1 t ! ,tyanean w5t ?r\gh ,assyria1 ,babylonia1 & ,bactria1 to ,india1 :]e he met ,j>*us1 ! *ief ( ! ,brahm9s1 & disput$ ) ,indian gymnosophi/s already v]s$ 9 ,alex&rian philosophy4 ,i h plac$ ^! la/ words 9 italics1 to call att5tion to ! app>5t belief ( ! hi/orian1 t prior to 8 day !re _h be5 ext5sive religi\s communication betwe5 ,india & ,greece--a po9t on :i* ,i h mu* insi/$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,! ,tyanean is said to h be5 five ye>s ^u 8 ea/]n j\rney4 ,we h no idea :]e ! ,naz>5e 0 dur+ 8 y\? & be=e he began 8 public c>e]1 & we _c help reg>d+ ! omission to notice ?is "p ( 8 life z be+ blamewor?y 9 ! evangeli/s4 ,^? :o knew s mu* ( ,jesus at 8 conception1 & ab\t 8 bir? & infancy1 c\ld surely1 if !y w\ld1 h in=m$ u ( 8 adult ye>s4 ,nor1 a propos to ?is %ort acc\nt ( ! biography ( ,apollonius1 by ,damis & ,philo/ratus1 mu/ we omit to notice ! conceits ( ^? :o h assum$ t ! ,tyanean 0 set up z a c\nt]foil to1 or an imitator (1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?2 =1 j z ! ,*ri/ians may1 ) "s %[ ( reason1 affirm t ! miracles record$ 9 _! writ+s h be5 fil*$ by o!rs2 s may ! ,buddhi/1 ) /ill great] plausibility1 decl>e t ! greate/ "p ( ! life ( ! ,naz>5e1 z giv5 9 ! ,gospels1 has be5 copi$ almo/ v]batim f ! biograph]s or evangeli/s ( ! ,indian saga ,= myself1 ,i consid] t ! miracul\s p>ts ( ! hi/ory ( all ! ?ree conspicu\s m5 :i* h be5 nam$ are equally true or--false4 ,! idea ( attribut+ to ! ,supreme ,god ! bir?1 or1 r1 ! procreation1 ( an extraord9>y man1 seems1 s f> z we c judge1 to h exi/$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e z well z 9 ! ,ea/]n4 ,= example1 9 an int]e/+ book1 entitl$ ,new ,tracks 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 by ,w4 ,a4 ,bell1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,b41 ,cantab2 ,london1 #ahfi1 we f9d ! foll[+ leg5d respect+ ,montezuma1 ! mo/ popul> rul] ( ! anci5t ,mexicans4 ,! leg5d is int5d$ to expla9 ! occurr5ce ( va/ ru9s among/ ! ,pima ,indians1 ( :i* o!r hi/ory is sil5t1 & runs ?us3 ,long ago a woman ( exquisite beauty rul$ ov] ! valleys & ! region s\? ( !m4 ,_m suitors came f f> to woo h]1 & br\ght pres5ts innum]able ( corn1 sk9s1 & cattle to lay at h] feet4 ,h] virtue & det]m9ation to cont9ue unm>ri$ rema9$ alike un%ak51 & h] /ore ( worldly possessions s greatly increas$1 t1 :5 dr\ght & desolation came ^u h] l&1 %e f$ h] p out ( h] great abundance1 & did n miss x1 !re 0 s mu* left4 ,"o night1 z %e lay asleep1 h] g>m5t 0 bl[n f (f h] brea/1 & a dew drop f ! ,great ,_s fell ^u h] bosom1 ent]$ h] blood1 & caus$ h] to conceive4 ,9 "t %e bore a *ild1 :o 0 none o!r ?an ,montezuma1 :o built ! l>ge ',casas1' & all ! o!r ru9s :i* are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! l& 7vol4 i4 p4 #aii74 ,x is all[able = ! read] to d\bt :e!r !re ev] 0 a ,mexican ,que5 ^: r5[n 0 spread f> & wide1 :o pref]r$ celibacy to m>riage1 & :o1 be+ ri*1 0 n plund]$ by ! *iefs ^: alliance 0 reject$4 ,we may equally d\bt ! efficacy ( a drop ( wat]1 ev5 ?\gh x came f ! ,great ,cele/ial ,_s2 b1 not)/&+ e objection :i* ! mo/ sceptical c advance1 ! leg5d is q z probable z ^? curr5t among/ ! anci5t ,greeks1 ! religi\s ,h9doos1 & a l>ge portion ( mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,a miracle1 always improbable1 is n necess>ily true because x is said to h occurr$ 9 ! old _w1 or indubitably false because x is report$ to h happ5$ 9 ! new4 ,nor c "o :o reg>ds fai? z sup]ior to reason1 refuse to believe or to "q ! tru? ( any sup]natural /ory simply because he 0 n told x dur+ 8 *ildhood or y\?4 ,:5 ! philosophical inquir] f9ds t 9 e c\ntry1 ) ^: lit]ature we are famili>1 !re are1 n only abundance ( tales ab\t sup]natural g5]ation be=e ! _w 0 =m$1 b f ! e>lie/ p]iods ( hi/ory to our own day1 he may well pause & inquire into ! intr9sic value ( a religion or a fai? t is f\nd$ ma9ly1 if n :olly1 ^u ! ass]tion t a c]ta9 p]son 0 ! son ( ! ,supreme ,creator1 & be+ s1 has ! qualities ( 8 sire z well z ^? ( 8 human "m4 ,! or?odox 9 ,brita9 d n believe 9 ,cri/na1 ,kri%na1 or ,vi%nu1 because ! ,h9doo sacr$ books decl>e t he has appe>$ repeat$ly z an inc>nation ( ! ,creator--nor d !y cr$it ! tales told ( ! sup]natural g5]ation ( ,bac*us or ,h]cules--yet1 :5 !y are ask$ :at /rong] evid5ce !y h = ! tru? ( _! own /ory1 !y are unable to give m ?an affirmations1 /rong1 p]haps1 b n m s ?an ^? ( anci5t ,hell5ic prie/s4 ,x is out ( my prov9ce1 n[1 to ent] into e ?+ connect$ ) ! doctr9e held by ^? :o are kn[n z ,tr9it>ians4 ,my ma9 endeav\r 9 ?is "p ( my subject is to cle> ! way = recon/ruction4 ,x is my desire to give to ^? :o h n ! leisure1 or1 p]haps1 ! incl9ation1 to wade ?r\gh ! dull tomes ( !ological1 my?ological1 & simil> books1 an acc\nt ( :at is & has be5 ent]ta9$ z religi\s belief by o!rs1 ) :om1 or ) ^: op9ions1 !y h n come 9 contact4 ,i h no special wi% to prove t my op9ions are "r & ! prevail+ ones wrong2 my *ief aim is to give data by :i* o!rs may =m a judgm5t = !mselves4 ,) ?is view ,i h sy/ematically endeav\r$ to satisfy myself ( ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! witnesses :om ,i call ^u to te/ify to facts2 to my k1 no?+ has be5 suppress$ :i* seems to me to be> ^u my subject1 nor is aught set d[n 9 malice4 ,9 my next *apt] ,i %all in/itute an inquiry into ano!r important doctr9e1 held by ,*ri/ians f _! fir/ exi/5ce until ! pres5t day1 namely1 ! ,exi/5ce & ,m9i/ration ( ,angels4 ,s9ce ! *apt] 0 orig9ally writt51 ,dr4 ,kalis* has publi%$ an essay ^u ! same subject 9 ! second "p ( 8 comm5t>y ^u ,leviticus4 ,i %all probably take ! lib]ty ( quot+ f 8 pages2 b1 z we treat ! matt] f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 ,i d n feel call$ ^u to suppress my own "w because he has prec$$ me4 ,x gives me pleasure to feel & to "k t fell[-work]s 9 ! same toilsome task1 n only may help ea* o!r1 b rejoice 9 ! opportunity ( s do+4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,angels4 ,! ideas associat$ !re)4 ,:y w+$4 ,wi%+- caps4 ,jehovah & ,8 ,angels made to walk by ! hi/orian4 ,! belief 9 ,angels incompatible ) t ( an omnipres5t & omnisci5t ,god4 ,pictorial repres5tations4 ,absurd conceptions ( angelic w+s4 ,angela want birds' tails4 ,m5 h tri$ to fly4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 birds & m54 ,arms & w+s4 ,a writ] at fault ab\t ?is _w is n to be tru/$ 9 8 acc\nts ( ano!r4 ,bats & simil> mammals4 ,! ,devil bett] w+$ ?an ,mi*ael--,yet ,satan1 a ro>+ lion1 goes ab\t z a bull ) bat's w+s4 ,angels & beetles4 ,h>mony 9 creation4 ,/range idea ( spirits4 ,spiritualism4 ,v>ieties ( angelic =ms4 ,n ! products ( lunacy4 ,angels & demigods4 ,egyptian ideas4 ,assyrian notions4 ,*ri/ian fancies4 ,birds & ,m5 unit$ 9 human cele/ialism4 ,p]sian ,angels4 ,mi?ra w+$4 ,angels 9 ,p]sia twelve 9 numb]4 ,job1 ! "w ( a ,p]sian ,jew4 ,angels ref]r$ to !re94 ,d>ius _h a consecrat$ table4 ,babylonian belief4 ,daniel4 ,greece & ,rome4 ,gods1 ,demigods1 ,angels1 & ,sa9ts4 ,*ri/ian demigods4 ,angels' duties4 ,book-keep+1 cl]ks ( w9d & wea!r2--police-ag5ts4 ,! inv5tor ( ,heav5 admir$ c5tralization4 ,babylonian tutel>y ,angels4 ,*ri/ian ones4 ,*ri/ian sa9tly imag]y4 ,! ble$+ he>t ( ,m>y4 ,a funny ,*aldean goddess to mat*4 ,popi% sa9ts h an aureole1 b no w+s4 ,francis ( ,assisi c\ld make /igmata b c\ld n *ange 8 arms into p9ions4 ,babylonian & ,papal emblems id5tical ,developm5t ( ,angels among/ ! ,jews 9 ,babylon4 ,angelic my?ology f\nd$ ^u ,a/ronomy & ,a/rology4 ,planets are ,ar*angels4 ,angels & ,devils m5tion$ on b[ls f\nd 9 ,mesopotamia by ,lay>d4 ,! probable mean+ ( _! names4 ,hebrews adopt$ ,*aldee beliefs3 evid5ce4 ,juv5al4 ,jews & ,*aldeans4 ,sadducees & ,ph>isees4 ,sadducees & our ,re=m]s comp>$4 ,a legal anecdote4 ,angels 9 ,anci5t ,italy4 ,our angelic =ms are ( ,etruscan orig94 ,"s su* be+s _h ?ree pairs ( w+s4 ,etruscans _h gu>dian angels = infants & *ildr54 ,angels c>ry v>i\s matt]s4 ,angels ( m>riage4 ,angels = heirs ( salvation4 ,etruscan angel ( m>riage4 ,jewi% mat*-mak]4 ,raphael4 ,description ( an ,etruscan pa9t+ 9 tomb ( ,t>qu94 ,! angel ( dea?4 ,! ,greek !ology4 ,! ,greeks taught ! ,jews4 ,! ,jews nev] taught o!r nations4 ,greeks _h a supreme god & a ho/ ( inf]ior deities4 ,w> 9 heav54 ,titans--giants4 ,*ildr5 ( ! sons ( ,god & daught]s ( m54 ,greek orig9 ( ,*ri/ian & ,miltonian angelic my?ology4 ,! begott5 ,son ( ,god 7,h]cules born to ,jupit] by ,alcm5a74 ,re/ores ! k+dom to 8 fa!r4 ,greek ideas ( demons4 ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian ideas ( good & bad spirits4 ,! record+ angel4 ,demigods & ar*angels4 ,greek deities n w+$ except ,m]cury4 ,"s m9or gods h p9ions4--,pegasus has w+s4 ,hym51 ! angel ( ! cov5ant ( m>riage4 ,g5ius loci & *]ubim4 ,alcm5a & ,m>y4 ,jupit] & ! p[] ( ! ,highe/ ,roman my?ology4 ,romans adopt$ ! ,etruscan =m ( angels4 ,*ri/ians adopt$ x f ,romans4 ,! ,*ri/ian crozi] is ! ,etruscan & ,roman lituus1 or div9+ /aff4 ,rome & ,london bo? avid ( religi\s novelty4 ,in/ability 9 religion a pro( ( infidelity 9 ! old4 ,h5ce a desire = infallibility1 to cru% d\bt4 ,angelic my?ology ( ! ,bible4 ,*ri/ians use words 9 p>rot fa%ion4 ,words ought n to /& = ideas4 ,pray]-cyl9d] 9 ,?ibet4 ,contradictions4 ,figures & metaphors are !ologian cities ( refuge4 ,prophet :o says t he conv]ses ) an angel- -is he to be cr$it$8 ,a _s )\t fle% & bones1 _c move 8 tongue to utt] words4 ,drunk>ds see blue devils--!y are unreal ,if ! appe>ance ( a man 9 a dream is an illusion1 8 words are s too4 ,absurd ideas ab\t phantoms4 ,notice ( ! de$s ( a few ,hebrew angels4 ,a resume ( _! hi/ory4 ,inspiration did n reveal angels4 ,human fancy did4 ,conspiracy 9 ,heav56 ,! ,g5esis ( ,hell4 ,:at sort ( a place x is suppos$ to be4 ,god made ! ,devil1 s man mu/ multiply 8 imps6 ,lucif] taught ,elohim6 ,old ,te/am5t less kn[+ ?an ! ,new4 ,! ,devil n a fall5 angel4 ,! book ( ,eno*4 ,d$uctions drawn4 ,!re is sc>cely a s+le article 9 our curr5t belief :i* does n prove1 on exam9ation1 to h desc5d$ to u f ,pagan s\rces1 or to be id5tical ) hea!n beliefs old] ?an ! ,hebrew4 ,! idea ( a p]sonal ,god dwell+ 9 "s locality1 vaguely describ$ z ,heav51 9 :i* ,he reigns1 & rules1 l a mod]n emp]or1 has be5 f\nd to exi/ 9 almo/ e nation ^: language we "k1 & ^: hi/ory has desc5d$ to u4 ,human weakness makes x s4 ,su* a rul] has be5 call$ ,brahma1 ,siva1 ,vi%nu1 ,mahadeva1 ,bel or ,baal1 ,mele* or ,molo*1 ,ormazd1 ,elohim1 ,jah1 ,jehovah1 ,jupit]1 ,yahu1 ,god1 & a v>iety ( o!r names2 b ,he has always be5 hail$ z k+1 & "l ( all creation1 hav+ a ?rone beside :i* att5d a numb] ( s]vitors1 /&+ be=e & ar\nd him1 all ready to d 8 bidd+ & to g :]ev] !y are s5t4 ,z a pot5tate rules on e>? ov] prov9ces f> di/ant f ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 s ! heav5ly mon>* 01 & is yet1 suppos$ to h vic]oys1 lieut5ants1 or vic>s1 :o h au?ority delegat$ to !m1 & ex]cise x "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce4 ,a s*eme su* z we h describ$ does n seem to h exi/$ f ! fir/ among/ ! ,jews2 =1 :5 m5 ( reason+ p[]s conceiv$ ! idea ( a ,creator1 ,he 0 reg>d$ z omnipot5t1 omnisci5t1 & omnipres5t4 ,x became gradually int]wov5 ) !ology2 = :5 m5 ( limit$ capacity ?\ght ( su* a va/ empire z ! univ]se1 !y1 "u ! influ5ce ( a grovell+ an?ropomorphism1 recogniz$1 z !y imag9$1 ! necessity ( furni%+ x ) a sy/em ( acquir+ intellig5ce1 & promulgat+ decrees :i* %\ld be f> sup]ior to any po/al plan devis$ by human k+s4 ,among/ ! ,kaffirs1 m5 ) missives race aga9/ "t1 & by means ( relays1 messages are s5t to va/ di/ances 9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod4 ,by means ( horses1 skilfully engag$ be=eh&1 an anci5t ,p]sian tyrant c\ld make 8 comm&s kn[n all ov] 8 va/ empire 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 & mod]ns1 by means ( railways & ! electric wire1 c =w>d in=mation at a /ill m rapid rate4 ,yet1 to old !ologians1 & ev5 to obs]vant m5 ( ! pres5t day1 all ^! means ( communication betwe5 ,god & 8 subjects seem$ to be sl[4 ,we may1 = example1 notice a fly buzz+ r\nd ! head ( ! runn+ ,kaffir1 or ! e>s ( ! fleete/ ( ,p]sian /e$s1 & a swall[ on ! w+ out/rips a railway express4 ,! velocity ( ! c>ri]-pigeon has long be5 kn[n4 ,all ^! 71 !re=e1 reg>d$ z swift-w+$ creatures1 & fit = message be>]s4 ,z !n1 x 0 obs]v$1 t ( all be+s :o c\ld move1 ! bird is ! swifte/ 9 its movem5t f place to place1 x 0 v natural t dogmati/s %\ld repres5t ! mess5g]s ( ! great k+ ) p[]ful p9ions1 l ^? ( ! eagle or ! albatross4 ,9 ?is mann] ! addition ( w+s to any my?ological "* suffic$ to %[ t he :o bore !m 0 a cele/ial be+2 "o :o /ood be=e ! supreme rul]1 & receiv$ f him delegat$ p[]--ei!r z vic>1 vic]oy1 or mess5g]4 ,?us ! ,greeks depict$ ,m]cury ) w+s on 8 legs & else:]e1 & ! ,hebrews gave l>ge p9ions to _! s]aphim--sometimes z _m z six be+ us$ by ea* 7,isa4 vi4 #b47 ,! ,etruscans pictur$ _! angels ) two w+s only1 & we h foll[$1 implicitly1 _! lead4 ,b ! ,h9doos did n 9 e>ly times adopt ideas su* z ?is4 ,!y notic$ ! spe$ ( ! sunbeam1 ! velocity ( ! hurricane1 & ! rapidity ( ?\ght2 & s9ce !y saw _m birds borne away by ! w9d1 !y imag9$ t cele/ial mess5g]s mu/ travel 9 a correspond+ fa%ion4 ,= "o :o rode ^u ! cl\ds ( ! typhoon1 p9ions 7 useless4 ,i h 9 my possession a plate199 9 :i* ! cele/ial att5dants on ! god are all w+less1 b h sex4 ,! "n giv5 to ! att5dants ref]r$ to is ,aps>as1 :o are describ$ z hav+ be5 produc$ 9 myriads :5 ! ocean 0 *urn$4 ,!y are said to reside betwe5 ! wat]s above ! firmam5t & ^? bel[ x1 & are repres5t$ z be+ ( consummate beauty & elegance ( =m1 _! bus9ess be+ to att5d ^u ! gods & give !m pleasure1 by s++1 music1 danc+1 & 9 e possible way4 ,!y are sometimes repres5t$ z be+ ( bo? sexes1 all hav+ ! p[] to *ange _! g5d]4 ,g5]ally1 !y are describ$ z females1 & take ! bus9ess ( ,v5us 9 ! ,greek heav51 & ( ! ,h\ris 9 t provid$ by ,mahomet & 8 foll[]s4 ,! ,h9doos h 9 _! !ology an abode ( bliss1 9 :i* ! pleasures are :olly s5sual4 ,9 ?is !y d n diff] f ! ,*ri/ians1 except t ! latt] only expect to indulge 9 music & a sanctifi$ v5geance4 99 ,plate x41 vol4 #a1 ,re*]*es sur l'orig9e1 c41 des ,arts de la ,grece1 ,d',h>canville1 ,london1 #aghe4 ,! au?or /ates t ! plate is copi$ f ,le ,voyage de ,niebuhr1 ,t4 #a1 ,tab4 vi4 ,) great +5uity ! ,hebrews conceiv$ t ! w ( ,god mu/ be equival5t to ,8 wi%--t ,8 wi% mu/ be ! same z a comm&1 &1 consequ5tly1 t ,he c\ld s5d ,8 mess5g] f "o spot to ano!r 9 an in/ant2 or1 if ,he *ose1 ,he c\ld g ,himself & communicate p]sonally1 z ,he did ) ,abraham1 ,jacob1 & ,moses1 & ,jo%ua4 ,= su* a ,be+ ev5 light w\ld be too sl[ 7see ,psalm xviii4 #aj2 civ4 #c1 #d74 ,f a simil> ?\ght arose ! /ories :i* h f\nd _! way into our fairy my?ology ( wi%+ caps :i* w\ld enable ! be>] to pass 9 an in/ant ( "t1 & :olly invisibly1 f "o "p ( ! _w to ano!r4 ,9 ori5tal c\ntries1 a c>pet or a coat 0 ! c>ry+ ag5t1 :il/ among/ ! m clumsy /ory-tell]s ( ,europe1 a pair ( boots 0 furni%$1 ^: we>] c\ld cov] tw5ty miles at a /ride4 ,9 ! pl5itude ( our prejudice we may smile at ! caprice :i* inv5t$ ! wi%+ cap2 b if we reflect calmly ^u ! matt]1 we discov] m dep? ( ?\ght 9 ?is ?an has be5 %[n 9 ! =mation ( tales 9 :i* w+$ angels are introduc$4 ,! contra/ w readily be recogniz$ if we take a sc5e f ,=tunatus1 & ano!r f ! ,old ,te/am5t ,! =m]1 by putt+ on a cap1 c\ld transport himself 9 a mom5t f ,=mosa to ,great ,brita94 ,:]eas we le>n1 f ,g5esis xviii1 t ?ree angelic m5 took a walk f some:]e to ,sodom1 t !y might see :at sort ( a place x really 04 ,! h]o 9 ! fairy tale 0 n fatigu$2 ! angels ( ! ,hebrew my?ology 7 glad to wa% _! feet1 & to eat & dr9k1 s z to recruit _! en]gies 7v4 #h2 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #be47 ,a my?ical tale l ?is demon/rates inconte/ably ! mean condition ( ! /ory-tell]1 :o does n furni% ,jehovah ev5 ) a mule or ass1 b makes ,him g afoot4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 reg>d ! !ological contrivance :i* furni%$ angels ) w+s1 z be+ a clumsy "o2 indicat+ sup]ficiality1 r ?an pr(\nd ?\ght1 & emanat+ f human infirmity r ?an div9e inspiration or direct revelation4 ,we %all see ?is m di/9ctly if we inquire into ! ideas necess>ily associat$ ) w+s4 ,! !ologians :o h furni%$ _! ideal mess5g]s ) w+s %[1 9 ! fir/ place1 t !y h ! idea ( an air ^u :i* ! sails c /rike--( muscul> /ructures to move ! p9ions1 & ( ! necessity = food to enable ! motive p[] to be kept up4 ,! idea ( a w+$ angel1 !re=e1 necess>ily implies a belief 9 ! pres5ce ( a solid mat]ial body mov+ ?r\gh an a]i=m fluid1 resembl+ ! atmosph]e j above ! e>?'s surface4 ,t !re really 0 ?is belief associat$ ) cele/ial mess5g]s we f9d 9 ! ,jewi% scriptures1 :]e9 x is /at$1 z if x 7 a common occurr5ce1 t angels came to talk famili>ly ) m52 z1 = example1 ,g54 xviii1 xix41 xxxii42 & ,judges i41 :]e we are told t an angel came f ,gilgal to ,bo*im1 to deliv] a /atem5t1 to ! ,hebrews1 su* z a silly girl at ,l\rdes ass]t$ ! ,virg9 ,m>y _h come f ,heav5 to make to h]2 see also ,judges xiii41 & ! book ( ,tobit4 ,t angels 71 moreov]1 suppos$ to possess !ws & s9ews1 we f9d f ,g54 xxxii4 #bd-cj1 :]e9 we are told t "s cele/ial be+ wre/l$ ) ,jacob1 b c\ld n prevail aga9/ him4 ,9 a previ\s *apt]1 al?\gh x is only 9 a dream1 ,jacob saw !m m\nt & desc5d a ladd] z if _! w+s--if !y !n _h !m--7 useless4 ,we %all n n[ be f> f ! tru?1 if we affirm t w+$ mess5g]s1 envoys1 or angels1 c only be suppos$ to exi/ by individuals ^: god is no?+ m ?an a man )\t univ]sal p[] & k4 ,to any "o :o believes ,god to be omnipres5t1 ! idea ( ,8 hav+ ambassadors1 or vic>s ^u e>?1 is blasphem\s4 ,! comp>ative co>s5ess ( ^? m9ds :i* fabricat$ ! notion ( w+$ m51 z cele/ial mess5g]s1 w be ! m c]ta9ly recognis$1 if we exam9e into ! pictorial conception :i* !y h p]mitt$1 & /ill all[1 to pass1 = ! embodim5t ( _! idea4 ,let me1 = example1 invite ! read] to ca/ 8 m5tal eye ov] ! w+$ m5-l bulls1 c41 ( ,assyria & ,babylonia2 ! w+$ g5ii ( ! anci5t ,egyptians2 ! w+$ s\l & angel ( ,dea? ( ! ,etruscans2 ! angels ( anci5t & mod]n ,*ri/ian pa9t]s2 & ! p9ion$ heads :i* came f ! walls to li/5 to ! music ( ,sa9t ,cecilia--accord+ to ,papal leg5ds--& !n to try to discov] ! locality ( ! muscul> organs :i* are necess>y to give movem5t to ! w+s4 ,ev]ybody :o has ev] c>v$1 at 8 d9n]-table1 a gr\se1 p>tridge1 pheasant1 duck1 or o!r f[l1 mu/ be aw>e ( ! enorm\s mass ( fle% :i* is associat$ ) ! w+s4 ,if we b>e ! brea/ & remove ! p9ion bones f any bird :i* flies--7x is necess>y to make ?is proviso1 = su* z ! dodo1 ! apt]yx1 ! o/ri*1 emu1 & o!rs1 h w+s :i* are only rudim5t>y1 & n us$ = flight7--we f9d b a v meagre body rema9+ beh9d4 ,h5ce we see ! necessity ( furni%+ an imag9>y angel :i* has w+s ) muscles t w enable ! p9ions to be us$2 b 9 no pictorial repres5tation ( an angelic mess5g] d we ev] f9d ! ord9>y figure ( a man dep>t$ f1 or any provision made = muscles to move ! fea!r$ organs4 ,& we mu/ notice1 9 pass+1 t x is mon/r\s to suppose t a man mu/ become1 9 "p1 a bird ere he c be useful to a god6 ,aga91 we recognize 9 ! conv5tional =m ( angels a total abs5ce ( k ( natural hi/ory1 ( gravity1 ( =ce1 c4 ,let u1 = example1 imag9e = a mom5t t ! metaphorical w+s are real ones us$ 9 flight4 ,we see directly t !y w only raise ! individual p]p5dicul>ly into ! air4 ,! angelic human creature1 ev5 if 8 w+s 7--z !y ought to d--to replace 8 arms1 w\ld /ill lack a tail1 to use z a rudd] to direct 8 flight4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t no "o has se5 an angel1 & t ^? :o h pret5d$ to h done s1 7 deeply ignorant m54 ,to make our obs]vations ^u ?is po9t some:at m compreh5sible1 we may j ref] to ! fact t _m individuals1 misl$ app>5tly by ! mass ( ideal cele/ial m5--or angels--:i* are to be se5 9 almo/ e ca!dral or p>i% *ur* 9 ,europe1 h conceiv$ ! idea t !y c\ld fly1 if only !y c\ld contrive ! necess>y app>atus to app5d to _! arms1 legs1 or bo?2 9 o!r words1 _m m5 h fanci$ t !y c\ld d bett] = !mselves ?an nature has done = !m4 ,b a few m9utes' calm ?\ght w\ld tea* any "o famili> ) ! composition ( =ces1 t an attempt at ! imitation ( a bird's flight mu/ be a failure 9 man4 ,let me %[ ?is by a simple obs]vation3 ,a bird ext5ds its w+s1 & by a /rong /roke t[>ds its own body1 rises into ! air1 ?\gh nei!r solid nor rigid1 bo? w+s & air h app>5tly be5 s4 ,9 imitation ( ?is bird1 we w n[ suppose t a man places himself1 ) arms outspread1 l ! lett] ,t betwe5 two uprights1 =m+ some?+ l ! lett] ,u4 ,! individual w\ld !n be repres5t$ ?us ,j--unlike ! bird1 8 po9t d' appui w\ld be solid1 & 8 arms w\ld be f> m unyield+ ?an fea!rs4 ,yet n "o a?lete 9 a million c\ld spr+ upw>ds1 s z to /& ^u ! summit ( ! ,u4 ,man's pectoral muscles--z physiologi/s call ! mass ( fle% bel[ ! coll> bone & above ! nipple--are int5d$ to move ! arm2 ! bird's pectoral muscles are int5d$ to move ! body4 ,cut (f a man's arms & pectorals--! c\nt]p>t ( ! bird's w+s & fle%y brea/--& he has b>ely lo/ a t5? "p ( 8 weight2 on ! o!r h&1 cut (f ! correspond+ p>ts ( a bird1 i4e4t ! p9ions & ! muscles :i* move !m1 & n a t5? "p ( ! orig9al weight is left beh9d4 ,speak+ co>sely1 we may !n affirm t man's body is relatively ab\t a hundr$ times heavi]--air be+ ! /&>d--?an t ( a bird1 & 8 pectoral muscles1 relatively to 8 body1 a hundr$ times less 9 bulk4 ,consequ5tly1 ev5 if a human be+ c\ld1 by muscul> action1 develop ! bulk ( 8 pectorals1 s t !y %\ld be relatively to ! re/ ( 8 frame1 equal to ^? ( a bird1 /ill 8 bulk w\ld be s mu* m solid ?an t ( ! bird's bones1 fle%1 & fea!rs1 t 8 p[] ( flight w\ld be a hundr$ times less4 ,a man1 ) ! exception ( 8 lungs1 is 9 heal?1 solid or fluid1 9 e "p ( him2 a bird's bones1 on ! contr>y1 are ev]y:]e p]meat$ by air cavities1 :i* make !m z light z pi? or cotton wool4 ,a p\nd ( lead & a p\nd ( fea!rs are c]ta9ly equal 9 weight1 yet1 if bo? are all[$ to drop f a balloon1 ! fir/ w rea* ! gr\nd a long "t be=e ! second4 ,9 l mann]1 by contrivance1 ,i c\ld ) my brea? su/a9 an ounce ( eid]d[n 9 ! air1 al?\gh ,i am q p[]less to su/a91 by l means1 ! same quantity ( solid meat4 ,i say no?+ ( ! relative position ( ! %\ld]-jo9t 9 man & birds--al?\gh ! po9t is physiologically important4 ,aga91 we may ass]t t ! orig9ators ( ! angelic my?ology 7 absolutely ignorant ( t :i* is call$ comp>ative anatomy4 ,we h already express$ our belief t no "o has a "r to expect t p w believe 9 ! reality ( a man's k respect+ ! unse5 _w1 s long z he is palpably at fault 9 8 notions respect+ ! visible creation4 ,consequ5tly we ass]t t "o :o is c>eless z reg>ds actual ph5om5a & ignorant ( common tru?s1 _c be tru/$ 9 metaphorical1 my?ological1 or div9e lore4 ,a comp>atively small am\nt ( obs]vation proves to u t among/ ! highe/ classes ( animal life1 ! w+ is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! arm or ( ! =e-leg4 ,9 ! creature call$ ! fly+ squirrel1 !re is no p9ion z !re is 9 ! condor1--!re is simply an unusual developm5t ( sk9 :i* unites ! =e & h9d limbs mu* 9 ! same way z ! web unites toge!r ! toes ( ! goose or duck4 ,9 ! bat1 :i*1 ?\gh a mammal1 is alli$1 z reg>ds its p[] ( flight1 to ! birds1 we f9d t ! =e-leg is develop$ s z to make a bony frame on :i* a ?9 sk9 may be /ret*$1 :i* is /ill f>!r /r5g!n$ by be+ atta*$ to ! h9d leg4 ,9 ! ord9>y bird1 ! sk9 :i* we see 9 ! bat & fly+ squirrel is replac$ by fea!rs1 :i* are long]1 broad]1 & light] ?an a fold ( sk94 ,! ord9>y me?od1 !re=e1 9 :i* angelic be+s are depict$ does n associate !m ) ! highe/ classes ( animal life4 ,our mod]n arti/s are mu* m skilful 9 depict+ ,satan ?an 9 p\rtray+ ,raphael1 ,gabriel1 or ,mi*ael4 ,our la/ rem>ks w\ld be comp>atively unimportant1 7 x n t ! close obs]vation :i* ! mod]ns h giv51 to e ?+ connect$ ) natural hi/ory1 has %[n u t !re is a h>mony ?r\gh\t creation4 ,no animals h noses on _! backs1 nor eyes 9 _! h9d legs4 ,no insect--s f> z ,i c rememb]--has a ?ick neck2 nor has any mammal or bird a ?9 "o1 l ! wasp1 bee1 or fly4 ,z we imag9e t x is prop] to ext5d our k r by ! lights :i* we h already atta9$1 ?an by silly or hap-haz>d guess+1 s we ?9k t x is bett] to inve/igate ! subject ( angelic =ms by comp>ative anatomy1 ?an by ! dreams ( div9es1 :o probably h nev] /udi$ any o!r subject ?an ! be/ means ( ga9+ influ5ce ov] _! fell[-mortals4 ,we ass]t t !re is n 9 all ! creation1 kn[n to man1 any creature ) arms & legs--or _! equival5ts1 legs & w+s1 or =e-legs & h9d legs--:i* has1 9 addition1 w+s ^u arms1 legs1 head1 or back4 ,9 su* a comb9ation !re is some?+ mon/r\s4 ,i confess t ,i c\ld1 if satisfactory evid5ce 7 giv51 cr$it ! occurr5ce ( a devil ) a tail--( a c5taur ) a horse's body & a human head--b ,i c\ld n possibly believe t ,satan w5t ab\t z a ro>+ lion1 seek+ :om he c\ld dev\r 9 ! dress ( a bull ) bat-l w+s1 z well z horns & ho(s2 or t an angel ( ,god approa*es u 9 a =m ne>] to ! sc>abseus ( ,egypt ?an to ! human =m div9e4 ,yet :5 we say t a pictorial angel approa*es ne>] to a beetle t revels 9 fil?1 ?an to an e!rial ess5ce :i* ought to be v close ^u p]fection1 we are /ill f> f precision4 ,ladybirds1 cock*af]s1 & o!rs ( ! class alli$ to ! sc>abseus t 0 almo/ deifi$ 9 ,egypt1 h six legs1 two w+s1 & two w+ cases--t5 means ( locomotion 9 all4 ,butt]flies1 mo?s1 & ! l1 h six legs & two w+s4 ,consequ5tly1 if !re be any design 9 creation1 & angels h be5 creat$1 !y c only be reg>d$ z ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! highe/ & ! l[e/ classes ( animal life4 ,if !n1 !re be su* a ?+ z h>mony ( design 9 ,creation--if ! ,creator be n ! au?or ( confusion 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #cc7--;if matt] be mat]ial1 & impond]able =ces _c be weigh$ or made o!rwise recognisable by ! s5ses1 except by _! effects--if ! ,almighty be omnipres5t & omnisci5t1 x is absolutely impossible = a ?\ghtful m9d to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( angels 9 any %ape--:e!r mat]ial1 immat]ial1 or ess5tial4 ,b ?is consid]ation =ces u /ill fur!r1 & we feel compell$ to ask ourselves1 :e!r1 ) our m9ds con/itut$ z !y are1 we c believe 91 or und]/& any ?+ :olly immat]ial8 ,:e!r we c imag9e ! exi/5ce1 =1 example1 ( =ce )\t matt]8--a %ape :i* is =mless8--a =m visible to ! eye1 yet :olly immat]ial8 ,x seems to me to be desirable1 at ! pres5t day1 to call att5tion to ?is po9t 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 inasmu* z !re are va/ numb]s1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 :o believe 9 :at is call$ ,spiritualism1 & are1 9 reality1 z greatly ! dupes ( *>latans z 7 ! disciples ( ,alex&] ! false prophet1 ^: hi/ory we gave 9 vol4 ,,ii4 ,! j>gon ( ^! pret5d]s is bas$ ^u ! ass]tion 9 ! ,bible t !re are spirits--! acc\nts ( c]ta9 ( ^! return+ to ! e>? :i* !y h quitt$1 or conv]s+ ) human be+s 9 dreams1 or 9 reality4 ,b bo? !y & _! victims fail to see t a _s1 be+ )\t a mat]ial exi/5ce1 _c put matt] into motion--x _c produce ! waves 9 ! e!r t cause ^? impressions on eye & e> :i* give ! idea ( sight & s\nd4 ,we may be/ give our read] a glimpse ( our mean+1 if we comp>e a _s to a picture project$ on a %eet by a magic lant]n4 ,x is true t we c see x--yet we "k t x is p[]less to he>1 to speak1 to move2 x _c ( itself ev5 vani%4 ,yet !re are _m onlook]s :o1 by a v5triloqui/1 c be made to believe t ! picture speaks4 ,aft] prolong$ obs]vation1 ,i believe t spirits1 angels1 demons1 c41 h no reality except 9 ! delusions ( individuals ^: diseas$ bra9s induce !m to believe t !y see app>itions & he> !m speak4 ,to ?is matt] we %all probably return by & by4 ,we may n[ rev]t to a subject :i* we m5tion$ incid5tally a few pages back--viz41 ! ideas :i* induc$ prie/ly inv5tors to depict ! angels ( _! imag9ation 9 a p>ticul> =m4 ,^? :o are famili> ) ! ,bible1 & n ) any o!r book1 & :o decl9e to exam9e into ! ways ( ,god 9 ! univ]se g5]ally1 w naturally reply to our /rictures t ! angels ( ! ,jews 7 describ$ 9 a p>ticul> fa%ion1 because !y 7 se5 9 ! visions ( ,elohim 7,ezek4 i4 #a2 ,dan4 x4 #e1 #f2 & ,rev4 i4 #aj-bj74 ,b ?is obs]vation involves ! idea t ! angels :i* h appe>$ are s v>i\s 9 %ape1 t an individual :o _h se5 & describ$ "o1 c\ld n enable ano!r man to recognize a simil> mess5g] :5 se5 "u ano!r =m4 ,9 ,g5esis xviii1 xix41 xxxii41 & ,judges xiii1 angels assume ! =m ( m52 9 ,isaiah vi4 !y h six w+s--"o pair be+ us$ to cov] ! face1 ano!r to cov] ! feet1 & ano!r to fly )4 ,to ?is x may be object$ t :at ,isaiah describ$ 7 s]aphim2 yet v]se #f %[s t "o ( ^!1 at lea/1 0 a mess5g] or envoy4 ,9 ,ezekiel i4 we f9d an app>5t description ( angels1 or an envoy1 :i* is s involv$ t x is mo/ difficult to und]/& x4 ,9 ,daniel x4 an ar*angel is describ$ z a brilliant man ^: body 0 l ! b]yl--t>%i%--a /one ( a sea-gre5 col\r probably2 or1 possibly1 a topaz1 ^: eyes 7 l lightn+1 & ^: arms & feet 7 l poli%$ brass1 & ^: lo9s 7 gird$ ) f9e gold--z if to conceal 8 sex--a *>act]i/ic :i* we f9d1 f ,matt4 xxii4 #cj1 angels d n possess4 ,! writ]'s description mu/1 !re=e1 be class$ ) t ( afreets1 g5ii1 & ! l1 9 ! ,arabian ,nights tales4 ,9 ,ze*>iah1 aga91 we f9d an angel or envoys describ$ 7*4 i47--7a71 z a man rid+ ^u a r$ horse1 hav+ beh9d him r$ horses1 speckl$ & :ite 7v4 #h72 7#f71 z f\r horns 7vv4 #ah1ai72 7c71 z f\r c>p5t]s 7w4 #bj1 #ba47 ,aga91 9 *ap1 v41 we f9d an angel 9 a fly+ roll2 ano!r 9 an ephah2 ano!r 9 a big piece ( lead1 & ano!r 9 a woman1 & /ill ano!r 9 two be+s ( ! same nature4 ,we c readily und]/& t "s :o are unacqua9t$ ) lunatics1 w\ld describe ^! portraitures z ! result ( insanity or halluc9ation2 b ^? :o are m conv]sant ) p]sons ( uns\nd m9d w d\bt :e!r any ord9>y insane p]sons ev] see or describe ?+s :i* !y h nev] met )4 ,"o or two1 c]ta9ly1 h wond]ful flights ( imag9ation1 b ^! h be5 highly educat$ m5 ( ext5sive read+1 c4 ,9 mania1 :5 visions are se51 "s p]son or o!r ^: description has be5 read by ! lunatic1 or :o has really be5 obs]v$1 appe>s--or some?+ :i* ! individual has se5 depict$1 or o!rwise be5 told (1 pres5ts itself1 or !re is a /range jumble ( reality & possibility--j z 9 dreams1 comical1 grotesque1 or horrible comb9ations are common1 & cause u no surprise4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 too mu* consi/5cy 9 ! me?od 9 :i* angels are depict$1 to enable u to believe t _! =m 0 decid$ by any lunatic or dream]4 ,we sc>cely c =m an idea :e!r ! ,egyptians _h a def9ite belief 9 angels1 z ! ^w is und]/ood by mod]ns4 ,) !m1 z x 0 ) ! ,greeks1 x is mo/ probable t all be+s :i* ,jews & ,*ri/ians alike w\ld call angels1 7 designat$ gods or demigods4 ,be ?is z x may1 we f9d t ! ,mizraim _h deities :o wore w+s4 ,a r\nd disc1 app>5tly int5d$ to repres5t ! sun1 two erect$ s]p5ts to support x1 & a long broad p9ion on ea* side ( ! body1 0 symbolic ( ! ,supreme4 ,! same may be said to be true ( ,assyria & ,p]sia--only t 9 ! symbolism ( ! two la/1 ! s]p5ts did n1 g5]ally1 appe>4 ,9 plate #cj;a1 ( ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egyptians1 #b;d s]ies1 a human figure is repres5t$ z w+$1 & be=e him is a five-ray$ />4 ,9 plate #ce ( ! same book1 ,isis is repres5t$ z a nude woman1 w+$2 ! position ( "o p9ion be+ su* t x s]ves to conceal ! body f ! wai/ almo/ to ! knees4 ,9 plate #cf1 ,a?or is depict$ z be+ att5d$ by a human-head$ bird4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 plate #ci1 :]e ! gods are in/ruct+ ! k+ 9 ! use ( ! b[1 ! =m] are bird-head$ m5 )\t w+s4 ,:il/ 9 plate #dd1 ! s\l ( a dy+ man is repres5t$ z a human-head$ bird ) w+s1 arms1 & legs4 ,9 plates #eb1 #ec ( ! same "w1 we notice specim5s ( w+$ s]p5ts4 ,9 plate #fc1 ,isis aga9 appe>s z a w+ be>]1 & 9 ?is figure we f9d1 z we ought to d1 t ! fea!rs ( ! p9ions are atta*$ to ! arms ( ! goddess4 ,9 ,assyria1 we may ga!r f ! sculptures :i* h be5 pres]v$1 t !re 0 n any idea ( angels be+ ess5tially diff]5t to gods4 ,inde$1 x is v difficult :]ev] !re is a poly!ism 9 any =m1 to und]/& ! di/9ction betwe5 a god & an angel ,ev5 9 ! religion :i* passes curr5t z ! ,*ri/ian1 :i* ackn[l$ges ?ree gods z coet]nal toge!r & coequal1 we are di/9ctly told t "o ( ! ?ree proce$s f ! fa!r & ! son 7,a?anasian ,cre$74 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 aga91 repeat$ly in=ms u t ! son 0 s5t into ?is _w by 8 fa!r to effect a special purpose--e4g4t ,god s5t 8 only begott5 son into ! _w1 t we might live ?r\gh him 7#a ,john iv4 #i2 see also ,john iii4 #af1 #ag2 ,matt4 xxi4 #cg2 ,m>k xii4 #d2 ,john v4 #ch2 vi4 #bi2 vii4 #bh1 #bi2 & comp>e ) ,john i4 #cc & ,mal4iii4 #a-c74 ,if1 !re=e1 we reg>d ! be>] ( a message or an ord] f ! supreme k+ z an angel1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 c]ta9ly "o1 inasmu* z he said t he 0 s5t hi!r by ! fa!r ( all2 & ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ano!r1 = we f9d ,john 7xv4 #bf7 /at+ t ,jesus w\ld s5d him to ! e>?--an ass]tion repeat$ 9 *ap1 xvi4 #g--:il/ 9 ! f\rte5? *apt] ( ! same book we obs]ve t ! fa!r 0 to s5d ?is com=t]1 :o 0 to abide 9 ?is _w = ev] 7v4 #af74 ,inde$1 ! presum$ id5tification ( ,jesus ) ! promis$ ,messiah1 ! pr9ce ( ,dan4 ix4 #be1 %[s ! belief t he 0 "o :o 0 z mu* appo9t$ to d a c]ta9 duty z 0 t angel ( dea? :i* w5t out to de/roy ! ,assyrian army 7#b ,k94 xix4 #ce74 ,) su* indicat$ res]vation1 we notice t ! angel :i* ! gods s5t to wat* ov] v>i\s ,assyrian k+s is depict$ almo/ inv>iably ) w+s4 ,n[ he is an ar*]1 /&+ 9 a disc repres5t+ ! sun1 hav+ w+s bel[ him2 n[ he /&s 9 front ( ! circle1 ! p9ions & sometimes 8 body t]m9at+ 9 fea!rs resembl+ a bird's exp&$ tail4 ,!n1 aga91 ! m9or div9ities be> w+s1 "s ( !m no less ?an f\r 7,bonomi's ,n9eveh1 #b;d ed4 p4 #aeg74 ,x w\ld be sup]flu\s to l+] ov] a description ( ! w+$ bulls ) human heads1 & ! w+$ m5 ) eagle or hawks' faces1 :i* are s famili> to u 9 consequ5ce ( ! rese>*es ( ,lay>d & o!rs4 ,all alike be> te/imony to ! connection1 9 human cele/ialism1 betwe5 birds & m54 ,nor c we reasonably d\bt1 t ! idea int5d$ to be convey$ by ! inv5tor ( ! ,assyrian composition :i* we ref] to 01 t ! be+1 ?us symboliz$1 0 fam\s = /r5g? l ! bull2 = rapidity ( movem5t1 l ! eagle2 & = wisdom1 l a man4 ,!re is to be f\nd among/ ! relics ( ! anci5t ,p]sians a symbol ( an angel :o 0 suppos$ specially to gu>d ! k+4 ,?is some:at resembles t us$ at ,n9eveh4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m =ms ( x4 ,= example1 we f9d 9 ,hyde's ,de ,religione vet]um ,p]s>um 7,table #f7 a figure ( a ,p]sepolitan k+1 above :om1 9 ! air1 & q di/9ct f ! sun1 /&s a v5]able man fully drap$1 /&+ ^u :at seems to be a l>ge p9e cone rev]s$1 :i* is surr\nd$ by cl\ds in/ead ( be+ furni%$ ) w+s4 ,! man ?us depict$ ext5ds ! =ef+] ( "o h& to ! sun1 :il/ ) ! o!r he holds a r+4 ,9 ,table #f ,mi?ra is repres5t$ z w+$1 aft] ! mod]n fa%ion ( angels4 ,hyde assures u1 9 *apt] twelve1 t twelve angels 7 recogniz$ by ! anci5t ,p]sians1 9 addition to ^? :o presid$ ov] ! mon?s & days4 ,"o ( ^! appe>s to be ! same z ! ,greek ,rhadaman?us1 :o sat z supreme judge 9 ! invisible _w1 & apportion$ to ! dead _! rew>ds or puni%m5ts4 ,a second 0 equival5t to ,neptune & rul$ ! sea1 b he _h also "u 8 *>ge ev]y?+ :i* relat$ to g5]ation1 or production g5]ally4 ,! ?ird 0 mu* ! same z ! m mod]n ,l>es & ,p5ates1 & sup]9t5d$ dwell+-h\ses & families4 ,! f\r? _h a some:at simil> & subord9ate (fice4 ,! fif? 0 nam$ aft] ! />s1 & _h 8 k+dom 9 ! s\? heav5s4 ,! six? ! le>n$ au?or does n describe4 ,! sev5? really seems to be a sort ( duplicate angel1 call$ ,h>uts & ,m>uts1 :o 7 two naughty ones t rebell$1 & are1 accord+ to "s1 imprison$ /ill 9 ,babylon1 be+ hung up by ! heels4 ,! eigh?1 ,hyde is himself d\btful ab\t1 & does n describe4 ,! n9? is ! same z ! ,g]man /orm-k+4 ,! t5? may fairly be /yl$ ! angel ( ! victuall+ dep>tm5t4 ,! elev5? is ! giv] ( life1 ! oppon5t ( ,azrael1 ! m9i/] ( dea?2 & ! twelf? angel is "o :i* we may call ei!r by ! "n ( consci5ce or judgm5t = he x is :o approves or reprobates ! works ( man4 ,?\gh ,i quote f ,hyde1 ,i am some:at d\btful ( ! value ( 8 au?ority4 ,he relies to a consid]able ext5t ^u ! "w kn[n z ! ,z5d ,ave/a1 & suppos$ to repres5t ! t5ets ( ,zoroa/] & 8 foll[]s4 ,?is book is1 z ,i h m5tion$1 g5]ally believ$ to be a g5u9e relic ( antiquity by ,cont95tal s*ol>s1 ?\gh x is mi/ru/$ by ,briti% ori5tali/s1 :o reg>d x z a mod]n production f\nd$ ^u ,aryanism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,maho-metanism4 ,9 my judgm5t1 my compatriots are "r2 & if x be prop] to tru/ su* a man z ,sir ,h4 ,rawl9son 9 ! matt] ( ! ,ave/a1 "o may be p>don$ = believ+ ) him t ! book ( ,job 0 writt5 by a ,p]sian ,jew1 or translat$ by a ,hebrew f a "w 9 ! "t ( ,d>ius1 or "s o!r ( ! ,a*oem5idae4 ,9 ,job angels are only once m5tion$--viz41 9 *ap4 iv4 #ah1 & !n !y are spok5 ( 9 su* a way1 t we are d\btful :e!r or n to reg>d ! v]se simply z a poetic metaphor4 ,! idea :i* runs ?r\gh ! "p ( ! *apt] 9 :i* ! passage occurs is ?is3 ,job1 y are suff]+2 ! innoc5t d n p]i%2 ! righte\s are n cut (f2 y h be5 v prop]2 man has no?+ to say aga9/ y2 b y are n "r 9 accus+ ,god ( inju/ice2 y d\btless h done "s wrong1 = ev5 ,god's s]vants are n :olly tru/$2 !y sometimes misbehave unkn[+ly1 & 8 own angels are call$ p]v]se by him 7,job iv4 #ah72 y _c expect to be bett] ?an !y1 & x is no %ame to y to be 9 ! same category z !y are4 ,b x mu/ be all[$ t ! words ( ! /ory--,!re 0 a day :5 ! sons ( ,god came to pres5t !mselves be=e ! ,"l1 & ,satan came also among !m2 & ! ,"l said unto ,satan1 ,:5ce come/ ?\8 ,!n ,satan answ]$ ! ,"l1 & said1 ,f go+ to & fro 9 ! e>?1 & f walk+ up & d[n 9 x--d really intimate a full belief 9 good angels & bad1 :o 7 n s mu* angels1 mess5g]s1 or envoys1 z subord9ate p[]s resembl+ ! b>ons ( anci5t ,engl&1 ! ,palad9s ( ,*>lemagne1 or ! k+s creat$ by ,buonap>te2 among/ :om all 71 s to speak1 good angels1 except ,b]nadotte1 ( ,sw$51 :o rebell$ aga9/ ! imp]ial ?raldom1 & became to 8 late ma/] a mod]n satan4 ,9 :i*ev] way we reg>d ! subject ( angels1 among/ ! ,p]sians !re is little d\bt t ! ,iranian conception ( ,god 0 :olly an?ropomorphic1 & t ! ,m$ians & _! magi1 z well z _! ,p]sian neighb\rs1 ackn[l$g$ a fa!r ( lies1 :o 0 antagoni/ic to ! deity499 99 ,qu9tus ,curtius in=ms u 7,life ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 b4 v4 a ii47 t ,d>ius _h 9 ,babylon a consecrat$ table1 f :i* he us$ to eat2 t ,alex&] began to be a%am$ ( 8 sacrilege 9 tread+ ^u x--7x _h be5 plac$ z a foot/ool = 8 imp]ial *air7--! sacrilege be+ aga9/ ! gods presid+ ov] hospitality1 c>v$ ^u ! table4 ,^! may be reg>d$ z angels or o!rwise1 accord+ to fancy4 ,our k ( ! angelic my?ology ( ,babylonia is comp>atively slight4 ,! ma9 ?+ :i* %r\ds ! subject 9 d>kness is ! difficulty :i* exi/s to di/+ui% betwe5 god1 gods1 & angels4 ,if we c\ld put any confid5ce 9 ! book ( ,daniel1 we %\ld recognize !refrom t 8 ,nebu*adnezz> mo/ di/9ctly believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( angels1 = 9 *ap4 iii4 #be he believes t he sees ! son ( ,god 7b> elohim71 & 9 v]se #bh ( ! same *ap4 he rem>ks t ,god ha? s5t 8 angel 7mala*ah71 & deliv]$ 8 s]vants t tru/$ 9 him4 ,aga91 9 ! f\r? *apt]1 9 :i* he rec\nts a dream1 he decl>es t he saw a wat*] & a holy "o 7ge] & kadesk7 come d[n f heav5 ) a message to him4 ,b ,daniel is n an adequate au?ority ^u anci5t ,babylonian beliefs4 ,we are1 9 ! abs5ce ( direct te/imony ^u ?is subject driv5 to su* evid5ce z is drawn f sculptur$ or o!r rema9s 9 ru9s & on gems1 & to cunei=m & o!r writ+s4 ,george ,rawl9son sums up 8 acc\nt ?us--7,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 vol4 ,i1 *4 vii41 pp4 #ach1 #i73 ,v>i\s deities1 :om x 0 n consid]$ at all necess>y to trace to a s+le /ock1 divid$ ! allegiance ( ! p1 & ev5 ( ! k+s1 :o reg>d$ ) equal respect1 & glorifi$ ) exalt$ epi!ts1 "s fifte5 or sixte5 p]sonages4 ,next to ^! pr9cipal gods 7 a f> m num]\s assemblage ( inf]ior or second>y div9ities1 less (t5 m5tion$1 & reg>d$ z less wor?y ( hon\r1 b /ill recogniz$ g5]ally ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,f9ally1 ! ,pan!on conta9$ a ho/ ( m]e local gods or g5ii1 e t[n & almo/ e village 9 ,babylonia be+ "u ! protection ( its own p>ticul> div9ity4 ,! passage above quot$1 :i* repres5ts v fairly our exi/5t k1 sugge/s to ! ?\ghtful m9d a comp>ison ) o!r religions4 ,9 ,greece !re 7 _m great gods & goddesses1 & o!r div9ities ( less r5[n4 ,9 ,rome !re 7 gods = almo/ ev]y?+4 ,b :at ^! nations call$ gods ! ,hebrews call$ angels1 z we %all see %ortly4 ,9 ,*ri/5dom angels & gods h1 z a g5]al rule1 be5 depos$1 & sa9ts h tak5 _! places4 ,n only has e t[n a ca!dral :i* is d$icat$ to "s p>ticul> "n--said to h be5 borne by a holy man or woman1 ^: aid 9 heav5 is ?us secur$ by 8 vot>ies ^u e>?--b e *ur* 9 e p>i%1 & e *apel 9 e *ur* is set ap>t to a p>ticul> sa9t4 ,/ill f>!r1 e trade & e position 9 life has its tutel>y patron 9 heav51 & second>y gods are z common 9 ,papal di/ricts z !y 7 9 ! l& ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,! philosoph] _c f9d a valid di/9ction betwe5 ,i%t>1 ,v5us1 & ,m>y1 ,dionysus & ,d5is1 & a ho/ ( o!r gods1 sa9ts1 or angels4 ,assum+ t ! m9or gods ( ,greece & ,rome1 & ^? ess5ces g5]ally call$ angels are sub/antially ! same ord] ( be+s1 we f9d t ! ,babylonians _h a great numb] ( cele/ial envoys1 vic]oys1 or mess5g]s :o rul$ ov] ! l& & sea1 ! sky & /orms1 ! ?und] & ! ra91 crops1 m51 w>1 build+s--ev]y?+1 inde$1 0 sup]9t5d$ by "s "o on behalf ( ! ,supreme ,rul]4 ,we might pause "h to speculate ^u ! "q :e!r !re is any diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 su* a k+dom z ,babylonia or ,russia & ! heav5 believ$ 9 by ! anci5t ,jews & ! mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,9 all !re is an autocratic sov]eign :o has a prime m9i/] & secret>ies ( /ate1 :o keep 8 books & p]=m 8 w accord+ to 8 bidd+2 "u ^! aga9 !re are private cl]ks1 :o sup]9t5d w9d & wea!r1 ra9 & hail1 sn[ & fro/2 gov]nors ( prov9ces1 mayors1 or prefects ( cities2 police1 & s l>ge a ho/ ( subord9ates1 t no?+1 great or small1 c be done :i* escapes ! notice ( "o ( ! imp]ial envoys or m9i/]s4 ,! inv5tor ( heav51 su* z we "k x1 0 c]ta9ly an admir] ( 'c5tralization'4 ,^? :o desire to see ! description ( ! unse5 _w modifi$ are ^? :o are oppos$ to an absolute mon>*y1 & :o see 9 ev]y?+1 ev]ybody1 & 9 all ! _w a pro( ( ! pres5ce ( a supreme1 omnisci5t1 omnipres5t1 ,creator1 ,rul]1 or ,gov]nor4 ,)\t go+ into an acc\nt ( ! ,*aldean my?ology1 we may say t !re is /rong reason to believe1 bo? f ! nom5clature :i* has surviv$1 & f su* gems z are pres]v$ f de/ruction1 t e ,babylonian1 :e!r bond or free1 0 call$ aft] "s deity1 :o 0 suppos$ ev] aft]w>ds to be 8 tutel>y angel ,9 mod]n times ,roman ,ca?olics hold a simil> belief1 & ea* p>5t imag9es t by mak+ selection1 = 8 (fspr+1 ( ! "n ( a p>ticul> sa9t1 ! latt] c be induc$ to take ! *ild "u its special c>e4 ,! le>n$ 9 papal my?ology "k t e sa9t is depict$ 9 su* a mann] t none %all be mi/ak54 ,to su* an ext5t inde$ is pictorial contrivance c>ri$1 t ! art ( recognis+ a p>ticul> sa9t dem&s a special /udy4 ,x is all b c]ta9 t ! same cu/om prevail$ 9 ,babylon2 b1 z all ! pr(essors :i* taught ! means ( id5tification h pass$ away1 we c only guess at ! "n or nature ( ! angel4 ,let u imag9e1 = example1 :at an ar*aeologi/ c\ld make ( ! figure ( ,m>y--( ! ble$+ or burn+ he>t1 two ?\s& ye>s aft] all hi/ory ( ! "m ( ,jesus has pass$ away1 l t ( ,i%t> has done4 ,a curi\s figure1 call$ he>t-%ap$1 b really n s1 is f\nd plac$ on ! c5tral "p ( a woman's brea/2 f x flames appe> to arise & blood to drop1 & ?r\gh x is a dagg]1 & ?is mass ( imag]y is put outside ! body1 & ! dress is held op5 to enable any "o to see x4 ,)\t a key to ! enigma1 ?is is a my/]y2 b :5 ! key is giv51 & ! inquir] he>s ! explanation1 he f9ds x s absurd t x is difficult to believe x4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ,i see ^u a ,babylonian gem1 copi$ z a vignette on ! title-page ( ,l&se]'s ,sabean ,rese>*es1 a woman :o has a be>d1 a necklace1 two small brea/s1 f ea* ( :i* %e squeezes app>5tly a riv] ( milk2 ov] ^: brea/bone !re is "o l>ge globe & two small ones1 plac$ p]p5dicul>ly2 :o has a spid] wai/1 & we>s a skirt cov]$ ) pi/ol-%ap$ ornam5ts1 ,i1 n kn[+ :e!r ! ,*aldeans ador$ our lady ( ! fl[+ bosom1 _c frame an idea z to ! "n ( ! sa9t1 angel1 virg91 or m>tyr :i* is depict$1 or :at may h be5 h] peculi> duties1 :o %e 01 & :at trade %e patronis$4 ,:atev] idea ! ,papal ,*ur* ent]ta9s respect+ h] canonis$ sa9ts1 "o ?+ is rem>kable1 viz41 t !y are n portray$ z hav+ w+s4 ,ea* has an aureole ( "s sort r\nd 8 or h] head--a pa9t]'s contrivance = say+ ,?is individual1 :o seems l a man or woman1 is n a common b a div9e creature4 ,francis ( ,assisi is1 9 addition1 depict$ ) /igmata1 or m>ks on 8 h&s1 feet1 & side1 :i*1 ?\gh !y resemble ^? made ) nails 9 ! case ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 7 d\btless1 9 ! case ( ! sa9t1 made ) ! /rong cau/ic call$ _s ( salt or o!r es*>otic4 ,we might speculate ^u ! /ate ( m9d :i* sees 9 ! assumption ( /igmata a great] evid5ce ( fai? ?an w\ld be (f]$ by ! conv]sion ( ! arms into ! p9ions ( ,mi*ael ! ar*angel2 b1 z x is s mu* easi] = ev5 ! mo/ pot5t sa9t to make brea*es 9 8 sk91 ?an to p]suade fea!rs to gr[ on 8 arms1 we d n ?9k ! task wor?y ( our c>e4 ,! ,babylonians 9 ?is respect 7 pr$ecessors ( papal pagans4 ,x is a r>e ?+ to f9d on any ( _! gems a w+$ angel or g5ius4 ,"o su* is depict$ on ! frontispiece ( ,l&se]'s ,sabean ,rese>*es1 :i* is birdlike bo? z reg>ds ! head & p9ions2 & f\r o!r w+$ creatures are giv5 9 ,laj>d's ,culte de ,v5us4 ,9 two ! figures are human head$1 & comb9$ ) ! body ( a quadrup$4 ,at a lat] p]iod ( ,babylonian my?ology grotesques 7 introduc$1 app>5tly f ,egypt4 ,x is n to be lightly pass$ by1 t ! symbol :i* repres5t$ ! pres5ce ( ! deity--:i*1 if we may adopt a phrase1 we %\ld call ! angel ( 8 pres5ce 7see ,exod4 xxxiii4 #ad1ae2 ,isa1 lxiii4 #i71 is almo/ id5tical 9 ! ,*aldean & ! papal religions1 viz41 a circle conta9+ a cross1 an emblem z common 9 our *ur*y>ds z 9 ! capital ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,! resemblance betwe5 papal & ,*aldean emblems & doctr9es h repeat$ly attract$ ! att5tion ( !ologians2 & ,i am n f> wrong 9 ass]t+ t ,prote/ants g5]ally h id5tifi$ ! woman ( ,revelation xvii41 spok5 ( z ,my/]y1 ,babylon ! ,great1 ! "m ( h>lots & abom9ations ( ! e>?1 ) ,rome "u ! popes4 ,= myself ,i d n c>e to express any op9ion on ! po9t1 beyond a g5]al diss5t f ! popul> e/imation ( ! dictum & its int]pretation4 ,at ! same "t ,i mu/ decl>e t e ye>1 ov] :i* my inquiries h ext5d$1 has imbu$ me m & m ) wond] at ! simil>ity betwe5 ! anci5t ,babylonian & ! mod]n papal religion4 ,! two resemble *ildr5 ( ! same p>5ts1 only t "o is old] ?an ! o!r2 & x requires b little p5etration 9 an obs]v] to trace 9 bo?1 ! l9eam5ts ( a grovell+ sup]/ition1 unit$ ) a base prie/ly cunn+4 ,9 our own e/imation ! /ronge/ evid5ce 9 fav\r ( a belief 9 angels1 ( e degree1 among/ ! ,*aldeans & ,babylonians is ! enorm\s developm5t ( angelic my?ology among/ ! ,jews1 :o liv$ 9 ! city ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 & 9 ^? :o migrat$ !nce into ,pale/9e subsequ5t to ! p]iod ( ! captivity4 ,f indications1 :i* are necess>ily imp]fect1 we h =m$ ! op9ion t ! ,babylonians 7 a/ronomical /ud5ts ( great pr(ici5cy1 f a v remote antiquity2 t _m ( ^! pr(essors turn$ _! att5tion to :at is call$ judicial a/rology--i4e41 !y attempt$ to judge ( future ev5ts by c]ta9 ph5om5a occurr+ 9 ! heav5s1 & especially 9 ! relation%ip betwe5 diff]5t planets & ! v>i\s con/ellations4 ,z ! planets w&] ?r\gh ! sky1 naturally !y 7 reg>d$ z ! mess5g]s ( ,el--! ,supreme1 :o s5t !m to inve/igate ! condition ( gr\ps ( />s1 _m ( :i* =m$ a sort ( community t 0 unvisit$ by ! ,great ,k+1 = mon?s toge!r1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 n at all4,z ! heliacal ris+ ( "o /> seem$ g5]ally to be foll[$ by good wea!r1 & ! correspond+ rise ( ano!r intimat$ ! rev]se1 x 0 natural t "o %\ld be reg>d$ z an angel ( happ9ess1 ! o!r z a h>b+] ( mis]y or dea?4 ,s /rongly root$ is ?is belief among/ "s1 t x ev5 holds its own 9 educat$ ,engl&4 ,! a/ronom] ,royal is (t5 ask$ to ca/ a nativity2 & a liv+ m]*ant ( ,liv]pool does s yet1 hav+ confid5ce t 8 d$uctions suffice to prove _! value4 ,! =mula is ,a/ra regunt hom9es1 s$ regit a/ra ,deus--,! />s rule m51 b ,god rules ! />s4 ,a gu>dian />1 !n1 t is to say1 ! p>ticul> planet or o!r conspicu\s cele/ial body :i* 0 9 ! asc5dant at ! p]iod ( ! bir? ( ea* individual1 0 reg>d$ 9 ! same light z ,*ri/ians e/eem protective angels & ,romani/s e/imate patron sa9ts4 ,!re c be1 we ?9k1 little d\bt t ! sev5 ar*angels are ! sev5 planets kn[n to ! anci5ts1 ea* ( :i* _h a day d$icat$ to x1 & :o ?us orig9at$ ! week ( sev5 days4 ,^! among/ ! ,pho5icians 7 call$ ! ,cabeiri1 or ! p[]ful ones4 ,9 ! conclusion at :i* we h arriv$ we are greatly /r5g!n$ by ! discov]y 9 ,babylonian ru9s ( c]ta9 b[ls2 facsimiles & descriptions ( :i* are giv5 9 ,lay>d's ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 pp4 #eaj-ebf4 ,! inscriptions :i* h be5 translat$ appe> to be =ms ( exorcism1 or amulets1 by :i* evil spirits are to be driv5 away2 & ref]5ce is made 9 ^! writ+s to ! devil1 = example1 "u ! "n %ida2 & to ,satan "u ! cognom5 ,satanah1 evid5tly ! same z ! ,satanas habitually us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 also to ,niri*1 probably f a root l ! ,hebrew n>ag1 a noise mak] or scream]4 ,?is creature1 z ,i ?9k1 is ! same z ! ,satyr ( ,isaiah xiii4 #ba1 & xxxiv4 #ad1 & repres5ts or p]sonifies ^? unse5 b h[l+ maniacs :o w&]$ ab\t at night 7see ,lili? & ,satyr 9 my second volume74 ,ano!r demon is call$ ,za*iah1 a cognom5 :i* ,i _c satisfactorily expla9 unless x is alli$ to ,za*>1 & indicates ! p[] :i*1 z ! ,fr5* w\ld say1 c tie a knot 9 ! ne$le 7n\] l'aiguilette7 or a lev9 br&4 ,ano!r ( ! devils is call$ ,abitur ( ! ,m\nta91 ^: "n resembl+1 z x does1 ! ,jewi% ,abia?>1 is m likely to belong to ! good ?an ! bad angels4 ,lili? is ano!r demon /ill fe>$ by ! ,jews1 :o employ *>ms aga9/ h] to ?is day4 ,%e is suppos$ to be a sort ( spiritual vampyre1 & to suck ! life out ( infants & "y p4 ,^! names ( angels occur 9 ! fir/ inscription giv5 by ,lay>d2 9 ! second we f9d ,satan1 associat$ ) idolatry1 curses1 v[s1 :isp]+s1 wit*craft1 & ,zevatta--a conceal]1 rid]1 or en*ant] f root l ?is & answ]+ to ! fairy :i* /eals away4 ,x 0 betwe5 ! night & day ,:5 ! fairy k+ has p[]1 ,t ,i sank d[n 9 a s9ful fray1 ,& 'twixt life & dea? 0 snat*t away ,to ! joyless ,elf9 b[]4 --,lady ( ! ,lake1 canto iv41 /anza xv4 ,ano!r is nam$ ,nidra1 :i* ,i take to signify v[s made by suppos$ sorc]]s4 ,?is demon is associat$ 9 ! same l9e ) ,zevatta above describ$4 ,patiki is ano!r bad influ5ce1 probably n[1 a sword1 = ! *>m has ref]5ce to fre$om f captivity4 ,ano!r devil is call$ ,is>ta1 :i* ,i take to be a lead] ( b&itti or m>aud]s1 f ! ,assyrian ^w 7,fur/'s lexicon s4v4 as>71 a lead]1 head or comm&]1 & a ^w f a root l ta1 to drive1 to pu% =w>d1 to sweep away4 ,we %\ld call su* an "o ! demon ( de/ruction4 ,9 ?is same inscription two good angels are nam$1 ,batiel or ,be?iail1 probably a v>iant ( ,be?uel1 ! resid5ce ( ,el1 & ,katuel or ,ka?uail1 ! execution] or sword ( ,el1 f katal1 to kill2 comp>e ?is ) ! expression1 ,or if ,i br+ a sword ^u t l&1 & say1 sword1 g ?r\gh t l&1 s t ,i put (f man & bea/ f x 7,ezek4 xiv4 #ag74 ,9 addition to ^! two angels ano!r is m5tion$ :o has elev5 names1 n "o ( :i* is writt5 9 full--e4g4 ,,ss4 ,,bb4 ,,ccc4 ,9 a ?ird inscription a devil is nam$ ,abdi1 :i* may be d]iv$ f ! root abad1 & be reg>d$ z ! same z ! ,new ,te/am5t ,abaddon 7,rev4 ix4 #aj7--! k+ ( ! slaught]]s1 bucane]s1 rov]s1 c4 ,we c fancy t ,negroes :o are captur$ & sold 9 droves to =eign]s1 might imag9e t ,abdi 0 ! devil :i* rul$ ! ,african slave driv]s & ,*ri/ian pur*as]s4 ,?is demon is associat$ ) ,levatta1--) tribulations1 ! ma*9ations ( ! ,assyrians1 mis]y1 trea*]y1 rebellion2 ,nidra1 ) sorr[s g5]ally2 & ,%oq1 :i* ,i take to be f a root l %uq1 or %aqaq--i4e41 enemies ?ir/+ = booty1 rang]s1 b&s ( robb]s4 ,comp>e--,& ! spoil]s came out ( ! camp ( ! ,phili/9es 9 ?ree companies 7#a ,sam4 xiii4 #ag74 ,see also--,he deliv]$ !m into ! h& ( ! spoil]s 7,jud4 ii4 #ad2 #b ,k94 xvii4 #bj74 ,among/ ! devils mu/1 ,i ?9k1 also be class$ ,asd>ta1 :i* is cle>ly ! same z ! goddess ,a/>te1 & %e is closely associat$ ) ! ma*9ations ( ! ,assyrians4 ,! good angels ( ?is inscription are ,b>akiel1 ,ramiel1 ,raamiel1 ,nahabiel1 & ,%>miel1 ov] ^: names we w n n[ l+]1 except to notice t ! devils h names comp\nd$ ) jah1 :il/ ! good ones are d]iv$ f ,,el4 ,9 ! fif? inscription1 among/ ! bad ?+s are m5tion$ evil spirits1 bo? male & female1 ! evil eye1 sorc]y1 & en*antm5ts bo? f m5 & wom51 along ) ,nidra & ,levatta4 ,! good angels are call$ ,babnaa1 ,n9ikia1 & ,umanel1 :i* ,i take to be int5d$ = ,wu1 banahel,el builds1 or ! /rong "o :o e/abli%es u2 na*aghel4 ,el is p[]ful1 or ! ,angel ( ,/r5g?2 & amanel1 or ! fo/]+ angel4 ,9 "s fragm5ts ! names ( good angels f\nd h be5 ,nadkiel1 ,ramiel1 ,damael1 ,ha*ael1 & ,%>miel1 :i* we %all probably notice aga9 subsequ5tly4 ,we d n lay any p>ticul> /ress ^u ! fact ( ! b[ls1 on :i* ^! inscriptions 7 f\nd1 hav+ be5 dug up among/ ,babylonian ru9s2 nor d we c>e to prove ei!r t !y 7 ( ,jewi% or ,*aldean orig94 ,:at we "h desire to %[ is1 t !re exi/$ 9 ,babylon a full belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( evil & good influ5ces :i* 7 invisible2 t "s individuals _h1 or 7 ?\ght to possess1 sup]natural p[]s = h>m1 :i* c\ld be c\nt]act$ by ^? :o plac$ !mselves "u ! protection ( pot5cies suppos$ to be holi]1 wis]1 or /rong] ?an ! evil g5ii ,f ! me?od 9 :i* ev]y?+ connect$ ) wit*craft1 magic1 a/rology1 & ! l1 is spok5 ( 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & f ! fact t slaves are mu* m likely to imitate _! ma/]s ?an conqu]ors to become pupils ( ! vanqui%$1 we conclude t x 0 n ! ,hebrews :o taught ! ,*aldees1 b t ! contr>y 0 ! case4 ,9 ! view ?us enunciat$ we are confirm$ by ! mann] 9 :i* old ,jewi% writ]s spoke ( ! nation t enslav$ !m--e4g41 ,babylon1 ! beauty ( ! ,*aldees' excell5cy 7,isa4 xiii4 #ai72 ,all ( !m pr9ces to look at aft] ! mann] ( ! ,babylonians ( ,*aldea4444 ,& %e 7,j]usalem7 dot$ ^u !m1 & s5t mess5g]s unto !m into ,*aldea2 &444 %e 0 pollut$ ) !m1 & h] m9d 0 ali5at$ f 7or by7 !m 7,ezek4 xxiii4 #ae-ag72 ,x is a mighty nation1 x is an anci5t nation1 a nation ^: language ?\ kn[e/ n 7,j]em4 v4 #ae7--;,j]emiah knew m ab\t ! p ?an ,isaiah 7see ,isa4 xxiii4 #ac74 ,habakkuk1 aga91 speak+ ( ! same p1 says 7*ap1 i4 #f-aj7--,! ,*aldeans1 t bitt] & ha/y nation444 t]rible & dreadful3444 !y %all sc(f at ! k+s1 & ! pr9ces %all be a scorn unto !m4 ,su* be+ ! e/imation ( ! ,babylonians by ,hebrew prophets1 x is morally c]ta9 t ! ,jews w\ld reg>d !m ) respect1 admire1 /udy1 & copy !m4 ,to :at ext5t ! imitation w5t x is difficult to say4 ,:51 !re=e1 we f9d t ! desc5dants ( ,abraham1 a patri>* :om a v5]ation = ! anci5t ,babylonians induc$ ! ,israelite my?ologi/s to repres5t z be+ a ,*aldee2 & ^? :o 7 taught on ! banks ( ! ,euphrates1 7 spok5 ( 9 ,rome ab\t ! "t ( our era1 & %ortly aft]w>ds1 z be+ almo/ synonym\s epi!ts = sorc]]s1 a/rolog]s1 *>m]s1 c41 we mu/ conclude t ! ,mesopotamian 0 ! ma/]1 ! ,pale/9ian ! pupil4 ,t ! two 7 reg>d$ z relatives we inf] f ,juv5al 7sat4 vi4 #edd-eeb7--;,= a small piece ( money ! ,jews sell :atev] dreams y may *oose1 b an ,arm5ian or ,commag5ian soo?say] promises a t5d] love2444 b h] 7i4e41 ! lady :o consults su* folk7 confid5ce 9 ,*aldeans w be ! great]4 ,b1 ere we leave ?is portion ( our ,essay1 we mu/ notice "o o!r piece ( evid5ce ( consid]able value :i* is drawn f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we f9d1 = example1 9 ,acts xxiii4 #h1 ,! ,sadducees say t !re is no resurrection1 nei!r angel nor _s1 b ! ,ph>isees confess bo?4 ,if we inquire into ! orig9 ( ^! sects--& we %all be greatly assi/$ 9 do+ s by two v elaborate articles by ! erudite ,dr4 ,g9sburg1 9 ,kitto's ,cyclopa$ia ( ,biblical ,k--we %all see reason to believe t ! ,sadducees 7 a sect :o consid]$ t !y 7 n b\nd to believe any t5et z necess>y unless !y c\ld f9d x di/9ctly enunciat$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!y resolutely decl9$1 !re=e1 to accept z revelation su* /ories z _h be5 adopt$ by ! ,hebrews f ,babylonians1 ,p]sians1 ,greeks1 & possibly f ! ,romans4 ,we might in/itute a comp>ison betwe5 ! ,sadducees & ^? :om we "k z re=m]s4 ,! fir/ ackn[l$g$ ! au?ority ( ,moses alone1 su* z !y f\nd x 9 ! five books2 ! second ackn[l$g$ ! au?ority ( ,jesus & 8 apo/les1 su* z !y f\nd x 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ! fir/ reject$ ! comm5t>ies ( ,rabbis2 ! second ^? ( ! fa!rs4 ,bo? appeal$ to antiquity1 & bo? trac$ to :at we may designate paganism1 hea!nism1 or =eign s\rces g5]ally1 a l>ge portion ( ! curr5t fai? :i* !y saw ar\nd !m4 ,! ,sadducees reg>d$ ! doctr9e ( s]aphic int]f]5ce1 & all ! angelic my?ology common 9 _! "t1 z ! fond fancy ( ^? :o desir$ to h>monize ,judaism ) ,g5tilism4 ,! ,re=m]s1 9 _! turn1 reject$ all ! fables ( ,papal an*orites1 c42 d5i$ ! p[] ( any m>tyr to influ5ce ! condition ( ! liv+ aft] _! dea?2 & g5]ally oppos$ ! sa9tly1 z ! ,sadducees oppos$ ! angelic1 hi]>*y4 ,individuals :o sympa?ize ) ,lu!r1 ,calv91 & ^? ( a simil> way ( ?9k+1 may readily und]/& ! ,sadducees1 :]eas1 ^? ( :at is call$ ! ,high ,*ur*1 w give _! int]e/ to ! ,ph>isees1 :o upheld ! !n m$iaeval cu/oms1 c4 ,x is probable t "s w say1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 be+ ! son ( ,god1 a deity inc>nate1 & consequ5tly famili> ) ev]y?+ :i* goes on 9 ! c\rt ( heav52 hav+ adopt$ ! angelic my?ology2 hav+ conv]s$ famili>ly ) ! devil2 hav+ s5t1 at lea/1 two ?\s& devils out ( "o man into a h]d ( sw9e2 hav+ gone d[n to hell1 :]ev] t may be2 & hav+ prea*$ to ! spirits imprison$ !re1 :oev] !y may be or h be52 hav+1 /ill fur!r1 _h an angel to com=t him2 hav+ _h a conf]5ce ) ,moses & ,elijah on a c]ta9 hill2 hav+ ass]t$ t he _h only to pray to 8 fa!r to obta9 ! assi/ance ( twelve legions ( angels2 & hav+ also told u t e *ild has an angel :o /&s be=e ! face ( ,god--see+ ^! ?+s1 ,i say1 "o c imag9e p]sons assev]at+ t all our curr5t notions ( angels1 :i* are built ^u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 mu/ be true4 ,to ?is we rejo91 t ^! ass]tions beg ! "q4 ,! philosoph] affirms t ! idea ( angels is incompatible ) t ( an omnipres5t ,god--t ! belief ( ,jesus 9 an angelic my?ology proves him to h _h an an?ropomorphic notion ( ! ,supreme1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 x foll[s t ,jesus 0 no?+ m ?an a ,jew1 al?\gh v sup]ior to ! g5]ality ( 8 c\ntrym51 hav+ possibly be5 taught by "s ,buddhi/499 ,! bigot1 on ! o!r h&1 c only scream out ! =mul>ies :i* ! s-call$ or?odox provide = him4 ,johanna ,s\?cote once made "s folks believe t %e 0 pregnant ) a ,messiah1 & %e _h mo/ en?usia/ic foll[]s2 b nei!r argum5t nor rhetoric suffic$ to beget ! promis$ baby &1 9 l mann]1 no am\nt ( declamation c conv]t an assumption into a fact4 ,b ( ?is tru? mo/ ( our !ologians appe> to be ignorant1 &1 l ! hea!n ) _! litanies1 !y ?9k t !y w obta9 _! w by mu* speak+4 99 ,x w be notic$ by ! read]1 t ! rem>ks 9 ! text h ref]5ce to ! sup]natural /ories :i* 7 int]wov5 into ! biography ( ,jesus by ^? :om we call ,evangeli/s4 ,! bibliolat]s mu/1 h[ev]1 /& or fall by ! _m leg5d>y tales :i* pass curr5t = tru?4 ,if ,jesus1 z an ord9>y ,jew1 believ$ 9 angels--j z our k+1 ,james ,i41 believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( mod]n wit*es --we _c use 8 evid5ce to prove ! exi/5ce ( angels & devils1 any m ?an ! ,*ri/ian laws aga9/ wit*craft demon/rate t old wom5 & m5 sold _! s\ls & bodies to ,satan4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we all[ t ! spiritual my?ology ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is due to ,ph>asaic influ5ce1 all ! te/imony prop\nd$ 9 fav\r ( ! ass]tion1 t ,jesus 01 9 reality1 a son ( ,jehovah1 crumbles away4 ,:5 summon$1 a long "t ago1 to give evid5ce 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 ! "q 0 put to me--,n[1 doctor1 y h he>d ! symptoms f :i* ! deceas$ suff]$2 d y believe t !y 7 produc$ by ars5ic8 ,be+ d\btful ab\t ! propriety ( ! qu]y 9 a c\rt ( law s prudi% z ours is1 ,i rema9$ sil5t1 & 9 an in/ant ! judge1 ,b>on ,ald]son1 said--,i won't all[ t "q to be put or answ]$2 y want ! witness to take ! place ( ! jury1 & x %all n be done4 ,y may ask ! doctor1 if y w1 :at are ! symptoms produc$ by ars5ic1 :5 tak5 9 a poison\s dose1 & !n x is ! bus9ess ( ! jury to comp>e ^?1 ) su* z h already be5 sworn to z occurr+ 9 ! man be=e he di$4 ,?is anecdote is frequ5tly 9 my m9d :5 ,i am compos+ an essay l ! pres5t4 ,if ,i wi% to conv9ce ! jury :o reads my pap]s ( ! tru? ( a p>ticul> conclusion to :i* ,i h arriv$1 x is n en\gh = me to express my own op9ions4 ,i may ass]t1 9 ! matt] 9 "q1 t ,i am a skill$ witness1 & h closely inve/igat$ ! subject1 b x is op5 to any "o to d\bt my indu/ry & to di/ru/ my judgm5t2 consequ5tly1 x is necess>y = me to adduce evid5ce1 z well z to draw d$uctions !refrom4 ,! hypo!sis :i* ,i h =m$1 aft] a pretty ext5sive read+1 is1 t ! belief 9 ! my?ology ( angels :i* is curr5t among/ ,*ri/ians at ! pres5t "t1 & :i* is bas$ ^u a s]ies ( pret5d$ revelations1 said to h be5 made exclusively to ,jews ( anci5t times1 is1 9 reality1 f\nd$ ^u fancies ( pagan prie/s or poets2 &1 z a coroll>y1 ,i inf]1 ei!r t our cele/ial my?ology mu/ be giv5 up to oblivion1 z be+ hea!ni%1 or t we mu/ ab&on ^? claims to an exclusive inspiration :i* h be5 made =1 & accord$ by _m to1 ! ,bible4 ,i h already describ$ ! ideas associat$ ) angels 9 "s anci5t peoples1 & ,i n[ propose to exam9e ^? ( o!r nations ) :om ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 directly or indirectly1 came 9 contact4 ,! read] ( anci5t ,roman hi/ory _c d\bt t ! city on ! ,tib] 0 indebt$ to ! ,etruscans = all1 or ne>ly all1 ( its e>ly k4 ,x is probable t ! orig9al gods & goddesses ( ,rome 7 ^? ( _! nor!rn neighb\rs1 & ev]y?+ :i* ! ,romans knew ( augury 0 due to ! prie/s ( ,etruria2 consequ5tly x is n unpr(itable to inquire1 z f> z we c1 :e!r ^! _h any idea ( be+s su* z we call angels4 ,z we h n _m available writt5 rema9s ( ! rem>kable p to :om we ref]1 we are oblig$ to be satisfi$ ) pictorial & o!r relics :i* h surviv$ until our days4 ,"s ( ! sc5es depict$ on urns1 vases1 & walls1 9 tombs & else:]e1 are suffici5tly explanatory ( ! subjects :i* ! arti/ has desir$ to p\rtray2 o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 c be int]pret$ 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,pay+ no att5tion to ! latt]1 we may safely affirm1 t ! ,etruscans _h ideas ^u ! subject ( angels v simil> to our own4 ,! =m :i* _! arti/s gave to !m is precisely t :i* is curr5t at ! pres5t day1 except t1 unlike ! ,*ri/ian1 ! ,etruscan angels 7 ( diff]5t sexes4 ,sometimes bo? males & females 7 drap$ f ! neck to ! feet1 9 o!r draw+s !y 7 p>tially or :olly nude4 ,9 ! va/ majority ( cases ea* "o possess$ two w+s t 7 atta*$ to ! back1 beh9d ! arms1 precisely z !y are 9 mod]n pictures2 b 9 "o v rem>kable in/ance 7plate #g1 ,description de quelques ,vases ,etrusques1 p> ,h4 ,d4 de ,luynes--folio1 ,p>is1 #ahdj7 ! be+s to :om we ref] _h ea* ?ree pairs ( p9ions1 ! "o atta*$ to ! %\ld] blades1 a second to ! lo9s1 & a ?ird to ! calves ( ! legs4 ,^! creatures correspond to our demons or imps ( ,satan1 or ! devils ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* 7 s5t into a h]d ( sw9e4 ,"s ( ! w+$ ,etruscan demons mu/ be reg>d$ z angels ( dea?1 = !y are repres5t$ z hov]+ 9 ! air ov] individuals1 su* z ,cass&ra & ,polynices1 :o are ab\t to be sacrific$4 ,"o angel1 :o1 z usual1 ,diaitiz$ bv is spok5 ( by ! ,*ri/ian describ] !re( z a goddess1 is designat$ ,cun9a4 ,h] bus9ess 0 to look aft] & take *>ge ( infants 9 _! cradle4 ,a be+ su* z ?is1 by :atev] "n we may designate h]1 _c fail to rem9d u ( ! expression 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t--,take he$ t ye despise n "o ( ^! little ones2 = ,i say unto y t 9 heav5 _! angels d always behold ! face ( my fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 7,matt1 xviii4 #aj74 ,9 ano!r ,etruscan pa9t+ we f9d two angelic be+s1 fully drap$1 c>ry+ a nude corpse app>5tly to ! future or invisible /ate4 ,^! naturally rem9d u ( ! passage 9 ,rev4 xx4 #a--;,i saw an angel come d[n f heav51 hav+ ! key ( ! bottomless pit & a great *a9 9 8 h&4 ,9 "s ,etruscan pa9t+s we h sc5es :i* are suppos$ to indicate ! prep>ation ( a bride = ! w$d+ c]emony4 ,9 ^! !re are dim9utive angels introduc$1 :i* are sometimes hov]+ 9 ! air & sometimes seat$ on ! edge ( ! ba?2 ^! are by ! le>n$ suppos$ to repres5t ,cupid1 ,eros1 ,hym51 or ,love1 & !y indicate ! dev\t feel+1 t an angel wat*es ov] ^? :o contract m>riage 9 an or?odox mann]499 99 ,:e!r ! ,romans obta9$ all _! inf]ior deities f ! ,etruscans1 or :e!r ! prie/s ( ! ,et]nal ,city 9 anci5t times improv$ ^u ! my?ology :i* came to !m f _! pr$ecessors1 j z ! prie/s ( mod]n ,rome h exp&$1 )\t improv+1 ! ,*ri/ianis$ paganism :i* came to !m1 is a matt] difficult to decide4 ,b x is c]ta9 t ! old ,romans multipli$ _! gods1 z ! mod]n ones h multipli$ _! sa9ts4 ,among/ ! =m] 7 _m curi\s deities1 :o presid$ at ! w$d+ ( "y p1 "s at ! public c]emony1 & o!rs at ! private rites4 ,p,rema 0 ! angel ( quietness1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to see ne subacta virgo se ultra modum commov5s sem5 a vulva ejic]et4 ,subigus 0 ano!r angel or demigod1 ^: duty x 0 to see t ! consummation %\ld take place 9 an appropriate mann]--lov+ly1 pleasantly1 & peacefully4 ,!re 0 ano!r--,p]tunda--( :om ,augu/9e 7,civ4 ,dei1 vol4 #i7 rem>ks--,si ade/ dea ,prema ut subacta se non commoveat quum prematur1 dea ,p]tunda quid ea facit8 ,9 mod]n times ! ,papal sa9ts1 ,cosmo1 ,damian1 ,f\t91 & sundry o!rs1 h _h ! special duty assign$ to !m to make ! husb& fit = 8 m>ital duties4 ,t ! abs5ce ( su* a _s 0 look$ ^u z unlucky we ga!r f an expression 9 ,prop]tius 7b4 v4 el4 #c7 9 :i* a wife1 ^: husb& has be5 oblig$ to leave h]1 & g to a di/ant w>1 :5 bewail+ h] de/9y1 among/ o!r ref]5ces says--,i w$d$ )\t a god to accompany me4 ,?is calls to memory ! /atem5t 9 ,hebrews i4 #ad1 :]e91 aft] speak+ ( angels1 ! writ] asks--,are !y n all m9i/]+ spirits1 s5t =? to m9i/] = !m :o %all be heirs ( salvation8--a s5t5ce :i* implies ! idea t ^? :o are n heirs ( salvation h n angels :i* m9i/] = !m4 ,! doctr9e 0 c]ta9ly n exclusively ,*ri/ian4 ,( ?is any "o may assure himself by ref]r+ to ,eccles4 v4 #f--,nei!r say ?\ be=e ! angel t x 0 an error2 :]e=e444 %\ld ,god de/roy ! works ( ?9e h&s8 ,aga91 we f9d an angel seat$ betwe5 two "y folk ( opposite sexes1 & ar*aeologi/s tell u t ! w+$ creature ?us figur$ is a nuptial god--"o ^: bus9ess is to induce appropriate c\ples to meet1 to love1 & to m>ry4 ,su* a cele/ial mat*-mak] 0 ! ,jewi% ,raphael1 :o1 ?\gh "o ( ! sev5 holy angels1 :i* pres5t ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts1 & :i* g 9 & out be=e ! glory ( ! ,holy ,"o 7,tobit xii4 #ae7--yet condesc5d$ to conduct ,tobias a long way to meet ,s>a1 & in/ruct$ him h[ he c\ld m>ry h] ) safety1 & defeat a devil4 ,among/ o!r individuals1 9 ! ,etruscan my?ological pa9t+s :o are w+$1 are ! foll[+1 :i* are nam$ ?us by ! au?ors :o describe ! vases1 c41 :e!r rightly or wrongly x is n necess>y = me to prove3--,janus2 ,fur9a1 ! goddess ( ?ieves2 ,m]cury1 ! mess5g] ( ,jupit] & ! patron ( robb]s2 ,vacuna1 or ,desid]ia1 or ,v5us1 ! goddess ( indol5ce1 desire1 or love2 ,hym51 ! angel or god ( m>riage2 ,cupid1 ! god ( love2 ,victory1 ,bac*us1 ,sil5us1 ,dryads1 ,calliope1 ,tempe/1 ,fame1 ,pros]p9e2 ,iibit9a1 ! goddess ( fun]als2 ,v5us1 inf]a1 ,nemesis1 or fate2 ,dea?1 life1 ,*>ybdis1 ,! ,furies1 ,g]yon1 ,ju/ice1 ,peace1 ,iris1 & ,diana4 ,on su* a subject ! read] may consult ) advantage ,augu/9e 7de ,civitate ,dei1 b4 vl4 c4 #i72 ,arnobius 7,adv]sus ,g5tes1 b4 iv4 c4 #g72 & ,t]tullian 7,ad ,nationes1 b4 ii4 c4 #aa74 ,we may n[ ref] to a rem>kable s]ies ( draw+s1 repres5t+ ! fun]al ( ,patroclus1 describ$ by ,hom]1 :i* 7 discov]$ 9 ! ,etruscan sepul*re ( ! ,t>qu9ii ne> :at once 0 ,vulci & is n[ ,ponte della ,badia1 9 ! ye> #aheg1 & :i* is describ$ 9 ,noel des ,v]g]s ,l',etrurie et les ,etrusques1 & 9 ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,italic>um 7,tur9 #ahfg71 ! latt] ( :i* ,i use z my au?ority4 ,9 "o ( ! sc5es we f9d depict$ ! sacrifice ( ! ,trojan y\?s at ! grave ( ,patroclus4 ,! arti/ has n left to ! fancy ( ! obs]v] ! id5tification ( 8 figures1 b has writt5 9 ,etruscan lett]s ! modifi$ names ( ! actors4 ,beg9n+ f ! "r h&1 we f9d ,ajax ,oileus1 & next to him a nak$ ,trojan y\?1 ^: h&s are b\nd beh9d 8 back1 & :o is gu>d$ by ,telamonian ,ajax4 ,beh9d & besides him is ,*>on1 & 9 front ( ! latt] is ano!r ,trojan y\?1 nude1 seat$ on ! gr\nd1 & receiv+ 8 dea?-w\nd f ,a*illes4 ,beh9d ! latt] /&s a w+$1 drap$1 tall female figure1 :om at "o "t ,i took to be ! glorifi$ s\l ( ,patroclus2 b1 hav+ se5 a simil> figure on o!r ,etruscan designs depict+ human sacrifice or dea?1 & f9d+ ov] ! head ( ?is "o ! ^w fan?1 van?1 or fano--accord+ to ! value :i* we assign to ! digamma or ,f & ,o--:i* is1 ,i ?9k1 equival5t to ! ,lat9 ,fatum1 fate1 c41 we mu/ reg>d ! figure z resembl+ ,azrael--! angel ( dea?4 ,besides & beh9d h] /&s a drap$ man un>m$1 hav+ a fix$ c\nt5ance ( settl$ melan*oly1 & reg>d+ )\t a %ade ( exultation ! dea? ( ! "y ,trojan :om ,a*illes slaught]s4 ,ov] 8 head are ! words h9?ial patrucles1 :i* is believ$ to signify ! %ade ( ,patroclus4 ,! la/ figure 9 ! gr\p is ,agamemnon4 ,?is & ! o!r sculptures 9 ! tomb are extremely int]e/+ to ! ar*aeologi/s1 fir/ly1 because !y be> evid5ce ( a v sup]ior /yle ( art2 secondly1 because !y te/ify to ! antiquity ( ,hom]'s ,iliad1 & its popul>ity 9 o!r nations ?an ! ,greek4 ,!y %[1 moreov]1 t ! weal?y m5 among/ ! ,etrurians 7 n ignorant ( ! ,grecian language1 or r lit]ature1 al?\gh !y _h difficulty 9 adapt+ ! ,hell5ic words to _! own alphabet2 la/ly1 !y ought to be especially valuable to u inasmu* z !y demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( a belief 9 anci5t ,italy ( ! resurrection ( ! body1 & ( ! exi/5ce ( angels precisely ! same 9 %ape z ^? :i* pi\s ,*ri/ians delight to see 9 _! *ur*es1 & 9 _! manuals ( devotion4 ,x is wor?y ( notice t ^u "s ,etruscan vases 9 ! museum at ,muni* !re are angelic w>riors cov]$ ) arm\r--a w+$ female c>ry+ a caduceus1 & w+$ horses--l ,pegasus1 & probably l ^? se5 by ,ze*>iah1 ! ,hebrew vatic9ator4 ,we consid] x be/ to omit mak+ any rem>ks respect+ ! ideas ent]ta9$ ab\t angels by ! ,pho5icians1 = we h sc>cely any in=mation ab\t _! my?ology beyond ! names ( c]ta9 gods & goddesses4 ,x w be m pr(itable to pass on to ! ,greeks1 & inquire into ! g5]al sy/em ( _! !ological belief4 ,?is is1 we ?9k1 a matt] ( "s importance1 = ?is p1 z victors & ma/]s1 came into contact ) ! ,jews 9 ! "t ( ,joel1 ab\t b4c4 #hjj2 & if any captive ,hebrews came back f ,grecia 7see ,joel iii4 #f71 we believe t !y w\ld naturally br+ back ) !m mu* ( ! ,hell5ic lore ( _! conqu]ors4 ,! read] mu/ n be c>ri$ away "h ) ! once popul> notion t ev]y?+ :i* 0 f\nd 9 hea!ndom1 :i* resembl$ some?+ biblical or ,jewi%1 came ( necessity f scriptural or ,israeliti% s\rces4 ,! rev]se is mu* m likely1 = ! ,hebrews 9 old times are describ$ by _! hi/orians & prea*]s z hank]+ aft] novelty--go+ :or+ aft] o!r gods1 z ! ,bible has x4 ,!y1 on ! o!r h&1 7 enc\rag$ to keep !mselves alo( f o!rs1 & 7 nev] a mission>y nation2 nor1 _h !y be5 s1 7 !y suffici5tly hon\rable or weal?y1 z a race1 ev] to comm& respect4 ,!y 71 inde$1 g5]ally despis$ by ! p r\nd ab\t !m1 :o w\ld no m ?9k ( adopt+ ,jewi% fables ?an we %\ld c>e to le>n !ology & cosmogony f ,african negroes4 ,if we endeav\r to r$uce ,grecian my?ology to its simple/ expression1 we f9d t x consi/$ ( a belief 9 a creator--gr& beyond conception1 & "o :om ! m9d c\ld n conceive1 nor p5cil nor ! *isel depict4 ,"u him !re 0 ?\ght to be a ho/ ( m9or deities1 :o agre$1 m or less1 among/ !mselves1 ea* hav+ a p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( creation to preside ov]1 or a def9ite function to p]=m4 ,jupit]1 = example1 _h ! air & ! heav5s g5]ally "u 8 managem5t2 ,neptune sup]9t5d$ ! sea2 ,rhea1 or ,gaia1 or ,gee1 0 ! goddess ( ! surface ( ! e>?2 & ,pluto _h ! managem5t ( ! int]ior ( ! globe & ( ^? :o 7 buri$ !re94 ,if corpses 7 unburi$1 !y did n come "u 8 imm$iate cognizance4 ,!n1 z x 0 q possible t "o deity might be c\nt]act+ ano!r1 z1 inde$1 !y are repres5t$ to h done dur+ ! ,trojan w>1 ano!r god 0 necess>y to be a m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! o!rs1 & ,m]cury became ! mess5g]1 or g-betwe54 ,bel[ ! major gods 0 an inf9ity ( small] ones1 :o presid$ ov] physical & moral matt]s4 ,!re 71 = example1 wood & tree nymphs2 ,dryads & hamadryads--gods ( riv]s1 su* z ,simois & ,scam&]4 ,pan presid$ ov] husb&m52 ,h]mes1 ov] ?ieves1 c4 ,o!rs1 l ,eros1 fulfill$ ! duty ( br++ ! sexes toge!r4 ,hym5 secur$ !m 9 m>riage1 & ,v5us _h ! duty ( insur+ connubial happ9ess1 :il/ ,luc9a's bus9ess 0 to br+ ! (fspr+ ( ! m>riage into ! _w--) z little pa9 or dang] z possible4 ,!n1 aga91 ,=tune br\ght good luck4 ,! furies br\ght evil1 & ! fates rul$ ! de/9y ( mortals4 ,aga9/ "s ( ^! gods o!rs rebell$4 ,= example1 !re 7 ! ,titans1 ! sons ( ,heav5 & ,e>? 7,caelus et ,t]ra71 :o 7 all ( gigantic /ature1 & may be said to be id5tical ) ! giants spok5 ( 9 ,g54 vi4 #b-d1 z be+ ! (fspr+ ( ! sons ( ,god & ! daught]s ( m54 ,^! ,titans 7 mu* dislik$ by _! fa!r1 & conf9$ 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 or1 z we %\ld say1 9 ,hell2 b _! "m reliev$ !m1 & !y 9 turn rev5g$ !mselves ^u _! prog5itor4 ,:5 ,jupit] succe$$ to ,cronos or ,saturn1 ! giants1 ! sons ( ,t>t>us & ,t]ra1 or ,hell & ,e>?1 unit$ ) _! half-bro!rs1 ! ,titans1 & attack$ ,olympus1 & its gods1 9 dismay1 assum$ disguises & fl$ into ,egypt--a r>e spot1 :5ce also came z hi/ory tells u1 ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity & ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,to rega9 8 position1 ,jupit] f\nd a man--a son ( 8 own--:om he _h begott5 by ly+ ?ree nights 9 ! he>t ( ! e>?1 or1 z ! fable has x1 9 ! arms ( ,alcm5a--,h]cules by "n1 to attack ! alli$ mon/]s1 & ?us ) ! aid ( a mortal ! gods became victori\s4 ,j z 9 m mod]n days ! div9e mission & position ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & ,mahomet ( ,mecca1 h be5 det]m9$ by ! arms ( human w>riors4 ,! p[] ( m5 9 heav5 is wond]ful1 consid]+ h[ great is _! weakness ^u e>?6 ,x is probable1 t to ! ,greeks1 ,milton ow$ 8 ideas ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,accord+ to ! ord9>y ideas ( angels1 ! gods1 demigods1 goddesses1 g5ii1 & ! l1 7 ess5tially ! same among/ ! ,hebrews z ! ar*angels & inf]ior hi]>*y are 9 mod]n *ri/ian my?ology4 ,we %all ! m readily see ?is if we inquire into ! ideas ( ! ,greeks respect+ demons4 ,! latt] 7 reg>d$ z spirits :i* presid$ ov] ! actions ( mank9d1 & wat*$ ov] _! secret int5tions4 ,_m ,greek !ologians ?\ght t ea* man _h two1 ! "o good1 ! o!r bad4 ,^! sprites c\ld *ange !mselves into any =m1 & at dea? ! individual 0 deliv]$ up to judgm5t by ^! companions1 :o te/ifi$ to 8 actions dur+ life4 ,socrates (t5 spoke ( 8 own peculi> _s4 ,n only 7 ^! creatures suppos$ to influ5ce m51 b !y 7 also believ$ to gu>d places1 & a g5ius loci 0 ! same z ! ,god ( ,ekron1 or any o!r locality4 ,x is almo/ impossible = a ?\ghtful man n to comp>e ) ! ,greek ideas ^? held by mod]ns4 ,we he> 9 famili> disc\rse1 & read 9 popul> books1 ab\t a good angel & a bad "o4 ,god is said to use bo? 7see ,ps4 lxxviii4 #di1 & #a ,k+s xxii4 #ba1 #bb47 ,_m1 too1 ( ! read]s ( ,/]ne w rememb] ! rem>ks :i* he makes ab\t a record+ angel :o 0 oblig$ to regi/] an oa?1 b :o contriv$ to blot out ! entry ) a te> 7com4 ,mal4 iii4 #af47 ,z we h already adv]t$ to ! belief ( ,jesus t e *ild _h an angel1 :o is always 9 ! pres5ce (4 ,god1 we ne$ n rem>k aga9 ^u ! matt]4 ,b ?\gh ! ,grecian gods & demigods 7 ! c\nt]p>ts ( ! ar*angels & less] p[]s ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 !y 7 n pictorially depict$1 z !y 7 9 o!r places1 l w+$ m5 or o!r creatures4 ,arnobius1 = example1 9 ,adv5us g5ies1 :5 writ+ ab\t ! div9ities ( ! hea!n1 rem>ks1 t !y are s l ord9>y m5 & wom51 t ! arti/ has to resort to "s contrivance to %[ t any (fspr+ ( 8 bru%1 or ( 8 *isel1 is a god or goddess4 ,a pa9t]1 he obs]ves1 w select ! f9e/ "y wom5 he c discov]--or ! h&some/ pro/itute 9 8 c\ntry1 & f "o maid51 or f ! collective *>ms ( _m1 w pa9t a lovely woman & /yle h] ,v5us2 yet %e is only a c\rtezan aft] all4 ,8 rem>k is a c]ta9ly true "o4 ,jupit] is nev] repres5t$ o!rwise ?an z a man1 nor does ,m9]va ev] figure except z a woman4 ,none ( ! great] gods ( ,hellas are w+$ l ! tutel> gods ( ! ,assyrians & ,p]sians 74 ,ev5 ,h]mes1 ?\gh he does be> p9ions1 does n c>ry !m 9 ! usual =m4 ,in/ead ( hav+ p[]ful w+s beh9d 8 arms1 l ! ,gabriel or ,mi*ael ( ,*ri/ian my?ology1 he has little nipp]s atta*$ to ea* side ( a cap1 ( a pair ( socks1 & ( a curi\sly-%ap$ w&--all ( :i* he c put (f :5 he pleases1 or don :5 he is s5t ) a message4 ,jupit]'s ?und]s be> simil> w+s4 ,b su* m9or deities1 or devils1 z ,eros or love2 ,hym5 or m>riage2 ,fame1 or victory2 ,aurora1 or day-break2 ! w9ds1 ! ,g5ii1 ! ,gorgons1 ! ,furies1 ! ,h>pies1 ,iris1 ,isis1 ,hebe1 ,psy*e1 & ev5 ,pegasus--a wondr\s horse1 are w+$ ) p9ions :i* resemble ^? ( ! eagle4 ,if we n[ pause = a mom5t to comp>e "o ?+ ) ano!r1 we readily see t ,hym5 may fairly be describ$ z ! angel ( ! cov5ant ( m>riage1 & t ,m]cury is id5tical ) ,raphael4 ,! g5ius loci1 ! dryad or hamadryad1 is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! *]ubim gu>d+ ! ark & ! m]cyseat ( ! ,jewi% temple4 ,apollo is ! angel 9 ! sun 7,rev4 xix4 #ag47 ,neptune is ! angel ( ! wat]s 7,rev4 xvi4 #e47 ,nay1 we may--inde$ we mu/ g fur!r1 & affirm t ei!r ! angel ,gabriel1 or ! p[] ( ! ,highe/1 :i*1 we are told 9 ,luke i4 #bf1 #ce1 ov]%ad[$ ,m>y1 ! esp\s$ wife ( ,joseph1 is a p]fect c\nt]p>t ( ! ,hell5ic ,jupit] :o ov]%ad[$ ,alcm5a4 ,bo? produc$ a be+ equally celebrat$--= we may fairly ass]t t ,h]cules 0 believ$ 9 by z _m individuals z h fai? 9 ,jesus4 ,= ourselves1 we d n cr$it ! my? ( ! ,hell5i/s2 ( ! v exi/5ce ( a ,h]cules we are pr(\ndly incr$ul\s4 ,yet we d n d\bt = a mom5t t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? liv$ z a man ^u ?is e>?1 & f\nd$1 ) ! subsequ5t assi/ance ( ,paul1 ! religion :i* is call$ ,*ri/ian4 ,b ( ! sup]natural conception ( ,m>y & ( h] impregnation by a deity we are int5sely sceptical4 ,( ! !ology ( ! ,romans 9 ! times prior to1 & some:at subsequ5t to1 our era1 we ne$ say little4 ,x resembl$ bo? ! ,etruscan & ! ,greek at ! fir/1 & subsequ5tly x 0 modifi$ by ! ,egyptian & by ! ,p]sian4 ,b x 0 9 ,rome1 :il/ pagan1 t ! pres5t pictorial type ( angels 0 p]fect$ 7see ,plates ix4 to xiii1 ,laj>d's ,culte de ,v5us71 9 :i* allegorical figures1 f old ,roman bas-reliefs1 precisely l mod]n angels1 are repres5t$ kill+ ! ,mi?raic bull4 ,i may also add1 9 pass+1 t ! crozi] borne by ,romani/ bi%ops is a reproduction ( ! ,etruscan lituus1 ! augurs' or div9]s' /aff ( (fice4 ,! ,roman nation1 l ! ,papi/ & ,p]uvian religions1 0 omnivor\s1 & n only v5]at$ ! old gods ( ! soil1 b adopt$ new div9ities eag]ly4 ,:oev] *ose to import a new deity1 & a novel /yle ( wor%ip 0 hail$1 patroniz$ & enri*$1 mu* 9 ! same way z at ,london dur+ rec5t times1 ,mesm]i/s1 _s rapp]s1 cord-conjurors1 clairvoyants1 male & female1 spirituali/s l ,home1 v ,high ,*ur*m51 & _m o!r classes ( a simil> /amp h be5 enc\rag$4 ,z 9 ,a!ns1 we are told t ! ,a!nians & /rang]s :i* 7 !re sp5t _! "t 9 no?+ else b ei!r to tell or to he> "s new ?+ 7,acts xvii71 no matt] :e!r ! novelty 0 religi\s or o!rwise1 s x has be5 else:]e4 ,london really1 & ,rome metaphorically are con/antly adopt+ new ideas1 "s highly comm5dable & philosophical1 o!rs q ! rev]se4 ,among/ ! latt]1 we may m5tion t :i* pr(esses t a c]ta9 man c1 l ,jesus is said to h done1 heal by a t\*4 ,?is ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is only sp>sely cr$it$ on ! ,?ames4 ,f> m g5]al is ! belief :i* pr(esses1 t an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil c by a vote make "o man & 8 (ficial successors infallible4 ,we _c pass by ?is subject )\t rem>k+ t in/ability 9 religion is evid5ce ( infidelity2 & ! adoption ( new t5ets is a pro( ( ! l[ e/imation 9 :i* old ones h be5 held4 ,ev5 ! new1 or ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 z x is call$1 is f\nd$ ^u ! insuffici5cy ( ! old or ,jewi% cov5ant1 :i*1 by ^? :o adopt ! "o1 is a confession t !y believe ! o!r 0 imp]fect & !re=e n ( ,god4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 we f9d a *ur*1 l ! ,roman1 habitually pat*+ its old clo!s1 we conclude t its lead]s are dissatisfi$ ) !m & desire bett]4 ,a lov] :o f9ds 8 mi/ress p]fect nei!r seeks nor wi%es to *ange h] = ano!r2 nor endeav\rs to induce h] to modify h] attire until he is dissatisfi$ !re)4 ,:5 he insi/s ^u an alt]ation x is because 8 ard5t love has fad$4 ,! philosoph] may see cle>ly :y c]ta9 prelates desire to h "s infallible man to appeal to--= x is easi] to f9d out ! op9ion ( "o individual ?an to h>monize ! contradictory hypo!ses ( fifty dogmatical or au?oritative writ]s4 ,yet ! same man w n fail to see t su* a proce$+1 :il/ x /r5g!ns ! hold ( ! *ur* ^u ! weak-m9d$1 cuts x adrift f ! /rong4 ,! policy is n altoge!r bad1 = x seeks to b9d clos] ^? :o1 :il/ we>+ ! *a9s ( captivity1 reg>d !m z ornam5ts4 ,b all ^? :o adopt su* tactics ought1 boldly & unequivocally1 to )draw f ! rank ( tru?-seek]s1 & ( envoys ( t ,god :o is n ! au?or ( confusion b ( peace4 ,we may n[ proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! angelic my?ology ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,9 our inquiry we %all endeav\r to arrive at ! ideas conta9$ 9 ! words :i* are us$1 & n cont5t ourselves ) simple quotation4 ,!re is /rong reason to believe t ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al r>ely exam9e into ! real signification ( words :i* !y are taught to use1 or :i*1 f "s fancy or o!r1 !y commit to memory4 ,!y imag9e--if !y ?9k on ! subject at all--t to repeat a text or a cre$ is to p]=m an act ( fai?1 :i*1 9 itself1 is praisewor?y & a good "w4 ,su* d n1 9 any appreciable degree1 diff] f ! ,?ibetans1 describ$ by ! ,abbe ,hue1 :o p]=m _! devotions by turn+ r\nd ^u _! axles c]ta9 cyl9d]s1 ^u :i* "s pray]s are engrav$4 ,n only ^! ,asiatics1 b ,europeans ( l>ge m5tal calibre are (t5 cont5t$ ) vague ideas2 & :5 !y are *all5g$ to support ! fai? :i* is 9 !m1 %[ t !y h nev] yet exam9$ x4 ,if1 = example1 !y are ask$ h[ !y c believe 9 ! tru? ( su* passages1 ,i h se5 ,god 7,kohim7 face to face 7,g54 xxxii4 #cj72 ,! ,"l 7,jehovah7 spake unto ,moses face to face z a man speake? unto 8 fri5d 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #aa72 ,moses :om ! ,"l knew face to face 7,deut4 xxxiv4 #aj71 & ! opposite "o1 ,?\ can/ n see my face1 = !re %all no man see me & live 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #bj7--! sole reply r5d]$ is t ! fir/ passages are figurative1 pass+ by entirely ! comp>ison 9 ! second1 :i* ass]ts t ,god talk$ ) ,moses z "o fri5d ) ano!r4 ,z a f>!r illu/ration ( my mean+1 ,i may po9t to ! glibness ) :i* ,*ri/ians talk1 s+1 & li/5 to disc\rses ab\t blood4 ,if p really gave he$ to :at !y *ant1 & to ! words ( _! m9i/]s1 !y w\ld really be puzzl$ to f9d a di/9ction betwe5 ! god :om !y wor%ip & t idol deity ( ,mexico1 :i* call$ con/antly = ! he>ts & ! blood ( 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,)\t %$d+ ( blood is no remission 7,heb4 ix4 #bb7 is a dogma t puts ! ,europeans' ,god on ! same level z ! deities wor%ipp$ 9 pagan ,africa1 ,new ,zeal&1 & by ! ,an?ropophagi g5]ally4 ,9 l mann]1 if ord9>y p are ask$ to reconcile su* passages z ! foll[+--,:o make? 8 angels spirits2 ,a _s ha? n fle% & bones z ye see me h 7,luke xxiv4 #ci7--) a ho/ ( o!rs1 9 :i* angels are said to h appe>$1 talk$1 & act$ l m51 !y allege t mu* ( ! phraseology ( ! ,bible is metaphorical4 ,b if x be grant$ t ! language is metaphorical1 mu/ we n equally believe t ! facts ref]r$ to are my?ical2 & if s1 h[ mu* ( ! s-call$ inspir$ book c we tru/8 ,if metaphor & figure-imag]y are cities ( refuge = !ologians1 ^? :o fly to !m mu/ rememb]1 t !re !y mu/ rema9 & live !re9 all _! days2 !y _c be citiz5s ( ! _w1 & yet nev] leave _! asylum3 if1 = !m1 facts are fictions1 by p>ity ( reason fictions are facts4 ,if1 :5 an individual1 said to be a prophet1 &1 z su*1 ! m\?piece ( ! ,holy ,gho/ or ( ,jehovah1 tells u t he saw & talk$ ) an angel1 :o imp>t$ to him su* & su* in=mation1 we are b\nd ei!r to believe ! :ole /atem5t or to reject x z valueless1 quoad revelation4 ,if ! man did see an angel1 & t angel spoke1 x mu/ h be5 mat]ial2 & if mat]ial1 x c\ld n be a _s1 & if n a _s1 x 0 n an angel499 ,if to ?is x be answ]$ t individuals d see :at !y deem to be spirits--j z _m a drunk5 man av]s t he sees blue devils1 we grant x at once4 ,we g /ill f>!r1 & /ate t we "k individuals 9 full possession1 app>5tly1 ( all _! s5ses1 :o see1 occasionally1 m51 wom51 horses1 dogs1 & o!r ?+s1 :i* h no m exi/5ce ?an ! figures :i* appe> to u 9 dreams4 ,su* m5 n only see imag9>y be+s1 b !y he> conv]sations or spee*es :i* h no reality 9 !m4 ,b we _c = a mom5t all[ t su* delusions ( ! s5ses are /]l+1 & su* utt]ances1 messages f ! ,almighty deliv]$ by angels4 ,to be logical1 !re=e1 ! !ologian mu/ ei!r accept ! /ories told 9 ! ,bible ab\t angelic be+s z lit]ally true1 to ! exclusion ( all metaphor1 or believe t e ?+ ta9t$ by su* cele/ial my?ology is entirely ( human inv5tion4 99 ,! au?ority = ?is is ,ps4 civ4 #d2 ,heb4 ,l #g1 #ad1--,:o make? 8 angels spirits2 ,are !y n all m9i/]+ spirits8 ,z an illu/ration1 let u consid] two episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( ,eli%a4 ,we f9d 9 #b ,k+s ii4 #aa1 t a *>iot ( fire & horses ( fire1 appe>$ to ?is prophet1 & p>t$ him f ,elijah1 ) :om he 0 walk+1 & c>ri$ ! latt] away into heav52 & we see 9 #b ,k+s vi4 #ag1 t ,eli%a's s]vant c\ld really see a multitude ( *>iots & horses ( fire r\nd ab\t 8 ma/]4 ,we mu/ also rememb] t ! *>iots ( ! ,"l are ?\s&s ( angels 7,ps4 lxviii4 #ag2 see also ,ps4 xxxiv4 #g47 ,n[ ^! 71 or 7 n1 realities--if ! *>iots & horsem5 exi/$1 !n we inf] t "s sort ( /ables & o/l]s exi/ 9 heav52 if none su* exi/1 !n ! *>iots & horses c\ld nei!r h be5 se51 nor h sep>at$ ! two prophets4 ,x may be urg$ t sup]natural be+s d exi/ = ^? :o c see !m1 & = no o!r2 j z ! angel 0 se5 by ,balaam's ass ?rice 7see ,numb]s xxii4 #bb-cc7 be=e he 0 recogniz$ by h] ma/]4 ,b ?is obs]vation is wor?less1 = x am\nts to no?+ m ?an ?is--viz41 t ! p]sons se5 9 dreams exi/ = ! dream]s & = no "o else2 b x 9 no way proves ! reality ( ! ass]t$ app>ition4 ,x w\ld be z useless to discuss1 at ?is po9t1 ! actuality ( :at are call$ spectres1 z ( o!r ?+s nam$ fairies1 pixies1 gnomes1 or sprites4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( su* !re is abundance ( evid5ce2 & = hundr$s ( ye>s !re 0 n a human be+ :o did n believe 9 !m4 ,b !re 0 ev5 /rong] pro( t ! _w /ood /ill1 & ! sun w5t r\nd x1 & dur+ untold c5turies all :o ?\ght on ! matt] believ$ ! /atem5t4 ,yet 9 ^! days all ! te/imony is reg>d$ z wor?less 9 ! pres5ce ( ! /]n facts ( sci5ce2 & gho/s are only believ$ 9 by su* z write treatises ^u squ>+ ! circle1 p]petual motion1 & ! plane figure ( ! e>?4 ,we %all take up ! subject at l5g? 9 our next *apt]4 ,if we 7 to foll[ ! b5t ( our incl9ation1 we %\ld n[ endeav\r to prove t ! ,jews _h no idea ( an angelic my?ology prior to ! ,babylonian captivity1 & t !y _h no di/9ct lit]ature prior to ! ,grecian & ,edomite captivity ref]r$ to 9 ,joel1 ,amos1 ,obadiah1 & ,micah1 except possibly su* records & writt5 laws z may be /yl$ annals or ye>-books2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 t all p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 :i* angelic be+s figure are comp>atively mod]n1 hav+ be5 fabricat$ aft] ! long soj\rn ( ! ,jews 9 ,babylon4 ,b to c>ry out ?is int5tion w\ld require a treatise r ?an an essay1 & ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) say+ t ,i believe x to be affirm$ by all ,hebrew s*ol>s1 t up to ! "t ( ,nebu*adnezz>--or ,hezekiah--! sole unse5 p[] recogniz$ by ! ,jews 0 ,jehovah alone4 ,!y did n believe ei!r 9 angel or devil ,:at _! ideas 7 we may %ortly describe993-- 99 ,long aft] ! rem>k 9 ! text 0 writt51 & long be=e x 0 9 type1 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 9 8 second "p ( a comm5t>y on ,leviticus1 publi%$ 8 views ^u ! po9t ref]r$ to4 ,:5 ,i c ref] my read]s to s ma/]ly a composition z 8 essay ^u ,angels 9 ! ,jewi% !ology1 x is se$less = me to say mu* on ! subject4 ,i may also ref] ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! matt] to a "w entitl$ ,! ,devil3 8 ,orig91 ,greatness1 & ,decad5ce 7,williams ,norgate1 ,london1 #ahga--small #hvo41 pp4 #gb74 ,my essay supplem5ts ^!1 & 9 no way cla% !re)4 #a4 ,angels 7 spirits1 be+ also m9i/]s 7,heb4 ,l #g47 ,!y 7 a flam+ fire 7,ps4 civ4 #d72 comp>e ,jud4 xiii4 #bj1 & ,acts vii4 #ce--t is1 spirits are made ( a combu/ible mat]ial :i* is1 h[ev]1 incombu/ible6 #b4 ,!y c\ld assume ! =m ( m51 & 7 id5tical ) ,god 7see ,g54 xviii4 #ai2 ,tobit1 & ,luke i473 t is to say1 !y 7 ma/]s1 yet s]vants--! s5d] & ! s5t at ! same "t6 #c4 ,_! faces 7 t]rible 7,jud4 xiii4 #f72 b !y also %one 7,acts vi4 #ae7 & yet !y 7 s good-look+ & h&some t ! ,sodomites fell 9 love ) !m z ,jupit] did ) ,ganym$e 7,g54 xix74 #d ,"o 0 ! sup]9t5d5t ( de/ruction1 & 0 visible on "o occasion to ,david 7#b ,sam4 xxiv4 #af1 #ag71 to ,oman1 8 sons1 & to ! eld]s ( ,israel 7#a ,*ron4 xxi4 #af-bj47 ,8 weapon 0 a sword 7ibid47 ,he c]ta9ly mu/ h _h fle% & bones4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ matt] to inquire :e!r ! sword 0 z spiritual z ! angel 04 #e4 ,"o angel 0 outwitt$ by a donkey 7see ,numb4 xxii4 #bb-cc47 ,yet ?is angel 0 ,god 7comp4 ,numb4 xxii4 #ce1 & xxiv4 #d1 #ae1af74 ,x is m>vell\s to me h[ any "o c read ?is hi/ory ( ,balaam & 8 ass1 & notice h[ ! animal turn$ ,god f ,8 purpose 7see *ap1 xxii4 #cc71 & yet believe ! /ory to be ( div9e orig96 #f4 ,!y are made ( light 7,luke ii4 #i71 yet c talk ! v]nacul>1 & c be c\nt]feit$ by ,satan 7#b ,cor4 xi4 #ad72 b h[ he manages x1 & :e!r he !n ceases to be a ro>+ lion or a fall5 angel res]v$ 9 ev]la/+ *a9s "u d>kness unto ! judgm5t ( ! great day 7,jude #f71 is a matt] = surmise4 #g4 ,"o ( !m f\ght ) ! ,devil1 & kept 8 temp] 7,jude #i47 ,( ! language us$ 9 ! disputation we d n "k2 nor c we tell h[ ! two recogniz$ ea* o!r4 #h4 ,"s ( !m are guilty ( folly 7,job4 iv4 #ah71 & "s s9n$--h[1 "o does n "k--& 7 ca/ d[n to hell1 & deliv]$ into *a9s ( d>kness4 ,x is fitt+ t be+s :o h no fle% & bones %\ld be b\nd by fett]s t h no reality 7#b ,pet] ii4 #d74 #i4 ,"s 7 discont5t$ ) _! home & 7 puni%$ 7,jude #f72 b :]e _! orig9al habitation 01 or :y x 0 reg>d$ z s mis]able t ano!r place 0 desir$1 is a my/]y4 #aj4 ,!y h food provid$ = !m 7,ps4 lxxviii4 #be71 & !y eat l m5 7,g54 xviii4 #h2 & xix4 #c71 consequ5tly angels mu/ h fle%1 blood1 & a /oma* to dige/ victuals4 ,sometimes in/ead ( eat+ food !y ord] x to be burn$1 & ! smoke f ! vi&s s]ves z a vehicle to heav5 7,jud4 xiii4 #ai1 #bj74 #aa4 ,_! numb] is tw5ty ?\s& 7,ps4 lxviii4 #ag74 #ab4 ,!y are *>iots 7ibid71 yet !y walk & get _! feet du/y 7,g54 xviii4 & xix4 #b2 comp>e ,jud4 ii4 #a2 vi4 #ab72 ! *>iots are ( fire1 & s are ! horses 7#b ,k+s vi4 #ag72 b !y are also cl\ds 7,ps4 civ4 #c74 #ac4 ,!y are taught milit>y discipl9e & arrang$ 9 legions 7,matt xxvi4 #ec74 #ad4 ,!y are sexless 7,m>k xii4 #be71 yet 7 m5 :5 !y appe>$ to ,abraham1 ,s>ah1 & ! ,sodomites 7,g54 xviii1 xix474 #ae4 ,!y are liable to d wrong1 & w be judg$ by m51 "s "t or o!r 7#a ,oor4 vi4 #b1 #c74 ,z 9 ?is passage ! angels are put bel[ ! sa9ts1 & 9 ,g54 xviii4 & xix41 x is cle> t ,elohim & ,jehovah 7 angels1 x foll[s t holy m51 :5 rais$1 w be sup]ior to ! p[] t gave !m heav56 #af4 ,?\gh sexless1 ! angels1 or sons ( ,god1 may be captivat$ by ! beauty ( woman1 & eng5d] giants ) !m 9 a v human fa%ion 7,g54 vi74 #ag4 ,!y are v s5sitive respect+ ! hair ( wom51 & require x to be cov]$ 9 wor%ip--at o!r times !y probably are n s p>ticul>4 ,al?\gh !y m9i/] ^u ^? :o are heirs ( salvation 7,heb4 i4 #ad71 !y might be tempt$ f _! bus9ess1 if !y 7 to see a pretty snood 9 gold5 tresses hid 7#a ,cor4 xi4 #aj74 #ah4 ,e *ild has an angel1 or r angels1 to look aft] x 7,matt1 xviii4 #aj71 :i* leads to ! belief t ! numb] ( angels has increas$ s9ce ! sixty-eigh? ,psalm 0 writt51 :5 !re 7 only #bj1jjj1 & p]haps a few m499 99 ,! words ( ! *ri/ian fa!r1 ,t]tullian1 ^u ?is subject are s v apposite to our subject ( angels1 t ,i am tempt$ to quote !m--,cl>k's edition1 vol4 i4 p4 #dhg- #h4 ,speak+ to ! hea!ns1 he says--,& y are n cont5t to ass]t ! div9ity ( su* z 7 once kn[n to y1 :om y he>d & h&l$1 & ^: portraits h be5 pa9t$1 & actions rec\nt$1 & memory reta9$ among/ y2 b m5 insi/ ^u consecrat+ ) a heav5ly life1 i4e4t !y insi/ on deify+1 ,i "k n :at incorporeal inanimate %ad[s & ! names ( ?+s1 divid+ man's entire exi/5ce among/ sep>ate p[]s1 ev5 f 8 conception 9 ! womb1 s t !re is a god 7read angel7 ,consevius1 to preside ov] concubital g5]ation1 & ,fluviona to pres]ve ! infant 9 ! womb2 aft] ^! come ,vitumnus & ,s5t9us ?r\gh :om ! babe beg9s to h life & its e>lie/ s5sation2 !n ,diespit]1 by ^: (fice ! *ild accompli%es its bir?4 ,b :5 wom5 beg9 _! p>turition ,c&elif]a also comes 9 aid1 s9ce *ild-be>+ requires ! light ( ! c&le2 & o!r goddesses !re are 7su* z ,luc9a1 ,p>tula1 ,nona1 ,decima1 & ,alemona7 :o get _! names f ! p>ts !y be> 9 ! /ages ( travail ,!re 7 two ,c>m5tas likewise1 accord+ to ! g5]al view4 ,to "o ( !m1 call$ ,po/v]ta1 belong$ ! function ( assi/+ ! bir? ( ! malpres5t$ *ild2 :il/ ! o!r1 ,prosa or ,prorso1 execut$ ! l (fice = ! rightly born4 ,! god ,f>9us 0 s call$ f 8 inspir+ ! fir/ utt]ance1 :il/ o!rs believ$ 9 ,locutius f 8 gift ( spee*4 ,cun9a is pres5t z ! protector ( ! *ild's deep slumb]1 & supplies to x refre%+ re/4 ,to lift !m :5 fall5 !re is ,levana1 & along ) h] ,rum9a 7f ! old ^w ruma1 a teat74 ,x is a wond]ful ov]sight t no gods 7 appo9t$ = cle>+ up ! fil? ( *ildr54 ,!n to preside ov] _! fir/ pap & e>lie/ dr9k y h ,pot9a & ,edula2 to tea* ! *ild to /& erect is ! "w ( ,/at9a 7or ,/atil9us71 :il/ ,adeona helps him to come to de> mamma-1 & ,abeona to toddle back aga94 ,!n !re is ,domiduca1 to br+ home ! bride1 & ! goddess ,m5s1 to influ5ce ! m9d to ei!r good or evil4 ,!y h likewise ,volumnus & ,voleta1 to control ! w2 ,pav5t9a1 ! goddess ( fe>2 ,v5ilia1 ( hope2 ,volnpia1 ( pleasure2 ,praa/itia1 ( beauty4 ,!n1 aga91 !y give 8 "n to ,p]ag5or1 f 8 tea*+ m5 to g ?r\gh _! "w2 to ,consus1 f 8 sugge/+ to !m c\nsel4 ,juv5ta is _! guide on assum+ ! manly g[n1 & 'be>d$ ,=tune1' :5 !y come to full manhood4 ,if ,i mu/ t\* on _! nuptial duties1 !re is ,aff]5da1 ^: appo9t$ function is to see to ! (f]+ ( ! d[]4 ,b fie on y--y h y\r ,mutunus1 & ,tutunus1 & ,p]tunda1 & ,subigus1 & ! goddess ,prema1 & likewise ,p]fica4 ,o sp>e y\rselves1 ye impud5t gods4 #ai4 ,"s angels are evil1 b are mu* ! same z ! good 7,ps4 lxxviii #di71 9 _! p[] ( do+ mis*ief4 #bj4 ,e heir ( salvation has an angel to m9i/] to him 9 "s way or o!r 7,heb4 i4 #ad72 s h ,roman babies--see note4 #ba4 ,! angels are only a trifle sup]ior to m5 7,ps4 viii4 #e71 & 9 ! invisible _w w be inf]ior to !m if ! latt] be sa9ts 7#a ,cor4 vi4 #c2 ,heb4 ii4 #e74 #bb4 ,!y c speak all sorts ( languages 7#a ,cor4 xiii4 #a72 t :i* ,mi*ael & ! devil us$ 7,jude #i7 has n be5 reveal$ to u4 #bc4 ,!y use a trumpet1 probably z immat]ial z !mselves1 & make a great noise !reby 7,matt xxiv4 #ca72 & horses 7,ze*4 i4 & ,rev4 vi74 #bd4 ,!y h w+s & c fly 7,rev4 viii4 #ac2 xiv4 #f71 al?\gh !y are *>iots4 #be4 ,:5 on e>? !y are clo!d ) a long :ite g>m5t1 h a face l lightn+1 & "o c appe> to be two1 or n appe> at all to "s1 ?\gh v di/9ctly se5 by o!rs 7see ,matt xxviii4 #b1 #c2 ,m>k xvi4 #e2 ,luke xxiv4 #d2 ,john xx4 #ab74 ,( all ! angels m5tion$ 9 ! ,apocalypse we ne$ n write4 ,"o ( ! be/ acc\nts ,i h met ) ( ! angelic my?ology ( ! ,hebrews is 9 ,cohele?1 or ,! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es1 by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,g9sburg 7,longman1 ,london1 #ahfa74 ,x is writt5 9 explanation ( ,*4 v4 #e1 :]e9 is ! expression1 ,d n say be=e ! angel t x 0 error 7page #cdj71 & ! foll[+ rem>ks are cond5s$ !refrom3-- ,! angels occupy diff]5t rank & (fices--sev5 ( !m z ! highe/ function>ies2 pr9ces or ar*angels surr\nd ! ?rone ( ,god & =m ! cab9et--7#a7 ,mi*ael1 ! prime m9i/]1 ! gu>dian ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ! oppon5t ( ,satan 7,ze*4 iii4 #a1 #b71 ( ! pr9ce ( ,p]sia 7,dan4 x4 #ac1 #bj71 ! cons]vator ( ! corpse ( ,moses 7,jude #i71 & ! dragon 7,rev4 xii72 7#b7 ,raphael1 :o presides ov] ! sanit>y affairs 7,tobit iii4 #ag1 xii4 #ae7--',:5 ,god w\ld cure any sick p]son1' says ,/4 ,j]ome1 'he s5ds ! ar*angel ,raphael1 "o ( ! sev5 spirits be=e 8 ?rone1 to accompli% ! cure4' ,!re c be little d\bt t ?is 0 ! angel :o w5t d[n at c]ta9 seasons to move ! wat]s ( ! pool to cure ! impot5t p 7,john v4 #d72 7#c7 ,gabriel1 ! mess5g] to ann\nce or to effect deliv]ance1 also a pres5ce angel 7,luke i4 #aa-bj1 #bf-ce72 7#d7 ,uriel1 m5tion$ 9 ,esdras 7#b b41 *4 iv41 w4 #a & #bj74 ,9 ,t>gums ^! f\r are repres5t$ z surr\nd+ ! ?rone ( ! div9e maje/y1 b all d n agree2 ,jona?an's arrangem5t is--,mi*ael at ! "r1 ,uriel at ! left1 ,gabriel be=e1 & ,raphael beh9d499 ,! fif?1 six?1 & sev5? ar*angels are ,phaniel1 ,raguel1 & ,s>akiel4 99 ,an obs]vation su* z ?is di/9ctly %[s h[ completely ! ideas ( angels are associat$ ) gross an?ropomorphism4 ,next to ! cab9et comes ! privy c\ncil1 compos$ ( f\r & tw5ty cr[n$ eld]s 7#a ,k+s xxii4 #ai2 ,rev4 iv4 #d2 vii4 #ac2 viii4 #c71 :o surr\nd ! ?rone1 be=e :om ,*ri/ w confess ^? :o confess$ him4 ,!n comes ! c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ! sev5ty angel pr9ces--! prov9cial gov]nors presid+ ov] ! affairs ( ! sev5ty nations into :i* ! human family is divid$4 ,h5ce ! ,t>gumic p>aphrase on ,g54 xi4 #g1 #h--,! ,"l said to ! sev5ty pres5ce angels1 ,come n[ & let u g d[n1 & !re let u conf\nd _! language1 s t "o may n und]/& ! language ( ! o!r4 ,& ! ,"l manife/$ himself aga9/ t city1 & ) him 7 ! sev5ty angels accord+ to ! sev5ty nations4 ,h5ce ! ,septuag9t translation ( ,deut xxxii4 #h--,:5 ! ,mo/ ,high divid$ ! nations444 he set ! b\nd>ies444 accord+ to ! numb] ( ! angels4 ,! doctor also notices ! f\r angels m5tion$ 9 ,ze*4 vi1 :o seem to h ! managem5t ( f\r great mon>*ies1 b he does n adv]t to ! angels ( ! sev5 *ur*es spok5 ( 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,he !n proce$s--,!n comes ! innum]able company ( pres5ce angels1 s9ce e individual has a gu>dian angel z well z e nation444 ,/ ,j]ome1 rem>k+ ^u ,matt1 xviii4 #aj1 says1--,great is ! dignity ( ^! little ones1 = e "o ( !m has f 8 v bir? an angel d$icat$ to gu>d him499 ,:5 ,/4 ,pet] 0 *a9$ 9 8 prison1 8 angel releas$ him 7,acts xiii4 #g1aa71 & ! damsel :o op5$ a h\se door = him 0 told t he :o 0 knock+ 0 ,pet]'s angel4 99 ,we h nev] be5 able to see ! =ce ( ?is rem>k1 unless ! idea ( *ildr5 hav+ gu>dian angels 0 associat$ ) ! belief t ^! be+s left !m :5 !y grew up4 ,if ! adults /&+ r\nd ,jesus _h ea* an individual w>d51 !re w\ld be no?+ peculi> 9 ! w>n+ giv5 9 ! v]se ref]r$ to4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 j possible t ! notion exi/$ t x 0 to adults only t tutel>y spirits 7 assign$1 & t ! prophet ( ,naz>e? decl>$ t ea* infant _h a protect+ g5ius z well z e man4 ,!n !re are angels :o preside ov] all ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,"o presides ov] ! sun 7,eev4 xix4 #ag72 angels gu>d ! /orm & lightn+ 7,ps4 civ4 #d72 f\r angels h *>ge ov] ! f\r w9ds 7,rev4 vii4 #a1 #b72 an angel presides ov] ! wat]s 7,rev4 xvi4 #e72 & ano!r ov] ! temple alt> 7,rev4 xiv4 #ah74 ,we ne$ n pursue ?is subject fur!r2 en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ! ,hebrew ideas ( angels diff] 9 no ess5tial respect f ^? ( o!r nations1 :o1 if n old] ?an ! ,jews1 7 c]ta9ly nev] influ5c$ by ! ,hebrews4 ,f ! evid5ce be=e u1 we are con/ra9$ to believe t ! k :i* we assume to possess ( ! cele/ial c\rt has desc5d$ to u f hea!n or pagan s\rces1 & t ! pictorial designs :i* pass curr5t = lik5esses ( angels or ar*angels h desc5d$ f ,egyptians1 ,assyrians1 ,p]sians1 ,grecians1 ,etruscans1 & ,romans1 & _c pret5d to any?+ approa*+ to a revelation f ,god4 ,we h already rem>k$ t ! ,hebrew notions ( ! heav5ly hi]>*y are evid5ce ( a gross an?ropomorphism2 !y indicate a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a mon>* hav+ a face & back1 a "r h& & a left1 e>s & a m\?1 & a :]e)al = sitt+ ^u a ?rone--! "p :i* 0 %[n1 z we are told1 to ,moses2 !y tell ( a !ology t recognizes places 9 ! univ]se :]e ,god is n1 & ( :i* ,he has no cognizance save ?r\gh mess5g]s4 ,if ?is be s1 :at %all we say ( ! hagiology :i* tells u t !re 0 on "o occasion a conspiracy among/ ! c\rti]s ( ! cele/ial rul]1 a discov]y ( treason1 & a puni%m5t ( ! (f5d]s z dire z ! mo/ malignant man c\ld inv5t8 ,we h (t5 ?\ght t no human be+1 unless he 7 vile1 brutal1 s5sual1 clev]1 disappo9t$1 & rev5geful1 c\ld h inv5t$ ! idea ( hell1 & t none w\ld ev] h believ$ 9 x unless he 0 bo? timid1 ?\ghtless1 & malignant ,! dormant hate ( ! or?odox aga9/ oppon5ts is an awful quantity4 ,! expression ( fall5 angels is a pregnant text2 x recalls to our m9d ! passage--,yea1 m9e own famili> fri5d1 9 :om ,i tru/$1 :i* did eat ( my bread1 ha? lift$ up 8 heel aga9/ me 7,ps4 xli4 #i74 ,x rem9ds u ( ,david1 ,absalom & ,ahitophel1 ( ,solomon & ,j]oboam1 ( ,joram & ,jehu1 ,b5hadad & ,hazael1 ,l\is ,,xviii4 & ,m>%al ,ney4 ,we feel sure t an individual :o c\ld write ! words--,if we s9 wilfully aft] t we h receiv$ ! k ( ! tru?1 !re rema9e? no m sacrifice = s9s1 b a c]ta9 fe>ful look+ = ( judgm5t & fi]y indignation1 :i* %all dev\r ! adv]s>ies 7,heb4 x4 #bf1 #bg71 c\ld readily h inv5t$ a hell1 if he _h n f\nd "o already made to 8 h&4 ,! s5t5ce j quot$ be>s evid5ce ( int5se !ological spitefulness1 & a petty meanness t nei!r ,sakya nor ,jesus w\ld h %[n4 ,su* ?\ghts are womani%1 n manly1 al?\gh apo/olic4 ,we c fancy x hav+ be5 p5n$ by ,james or ,john1 :o once ask$ ,jesus :e!r !y %\ld n call d[n fire f heav5 to consume ! ,sam>itans1 simply because ! latt] 7 n polite to ! ma/]--because he seem$ to be go+ to ,j]usalem 7,luke ix4 #ec1 #ed74 ,b if s1 ^? disciples mu/ h =gott5 ! rebuke ( ,jesus--,ye "k n :at mann] ( _s ye are (4 ,"h we mu/ pause a:ile1 & consid] ! idea ( v>i\s peoples ab\t ,hell4 ,"s1 p]haps we ought to say1 _m1 e>?ly pot5tates h enc\rag$ ! belief t !re is a place 9 :i* evildo]s1 :o h escap$ puni%m5t = crime 9 ?is _w w1 aft] _! dea? "h1 receive _! des]ts4 ,a place ( torm5t :i* no man has se51 or c see 9 life1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 anyone c describe1 is a wond]ful supplem5t to imp]fect police arrangem5ts1 & z su*1 has be5 fabricat$ or adopt$ 9 v>i\s nations4 ,b 9 all ! nations ( antiquity1 & ^? :i* we call pagan1 ,hell has be5 assign$ to ^? :o h committ$ crimes ^u e>?1 su* z murd]1 !ft1 & ! l1 & ^: evil de$s h outnumb]$ _! good ones4 ,! idea ( a torture vault = h]etics has1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 be5 res]v$ = ,*ri/ian times1 & = nations :o puni% ecclesia/ical (f5ces m sev]ely ?an ! mo/ atroci\s crimes4 ,! papal *ur*1 :]ev] %e has _h p[]1 has puni%$ rejection ( h] communion f> m cruelly ?an %e has dealt ) rape1 robb]y1 & murd]2 & all1 :o ?9k ) h]1 draw _! argum5ts = s do+ f :at is said to be ,god's me?od ( deal+ ) ,8 rebelli\s angels4 ,surely1 ! idea runs1 if ! ,almighty1 :o _c d wrong1 has puni%$ ) fire & ev]la/+ torm5t ! m9i/]s :o /ood 9 ,8 pres5ce & ar\nd ,8 ?rone1 simply because !y kept n _! position1 or did n wat* ov] _! pr9cipality--= bo? mean+s may be assign$ to ! orig9al words--surely man mu/ treat 8 h]etic fell[ on a simil> plan4 ,god1 runs ! argum5t1 made ! ,devil1 & man mu/ multiply 8 imps4 ,x is true1 accord+ to ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian my?ology1 t ! idea ( a ,devil 0 n orig9ally 9 ! m9d ( ,jehovah4 ,b :5 ,satan rebell$ he 0 imm$iately inve/$ ) p[]6 ,9 o!r words1 ,lucif] taught ,elohim1 & ?\ghtful ,*ri/ians believe ?is66 ,if we n[ attempt to frame a hi/ory ( ! mod]n ,hell1 its rul]s1 its angels1 or its devils1 we f9d1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s no idea :atev] ( ,satan be+ an angel orig9ally bright & fair1 b subsequ5tly disob$i5t1 rebelli\s1 conqu]$1 & puni%$4 ,nor is ! ,new ,te/am5t mu* m communicative--we f9d ! ar*-fi5d describ$ z a murd]] & z a li>2 he also is associat$ ) angels1 z 9 ! words1 ! ,devil & 8 angels4 ,he is describ$ z ! ,pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1--z a ro>+ lion1 seek+ :om he may dev\r4 ,he is ! _s :i* worke? 9 ! *ildr5 ( disob$i5ce4 ,he is also repres5t$ z tell+ ,jesus1 t he is able to dispose ( all ! k+doms ( ! globe1 & to give _! glory to :om he w4 ,yet n[h]e is a h9t brea!d t he 0 once an angel 9 heav54 ,! only v]se 9 ! :ole ,bible :i* is suppos$ to be> ^u ?is matt]1 %[s t ! devil & 8 imps are n id5tical ) ! fall5 angels1 = ,jude di/9ctly decl>es 7v]se #f7 t ! latt] are res]v$ 9 ev]la/+ *a9s1 "u d>kness1 unto ! judgm5t ( ! great day1 a condition q incompatible ) _! id5tity ) ,satan1 :o is repres5t$ z tell+ ,god t he _h be5 go+ to & fro ?r\gh ! e>?1 & walk+ up & d[n 9 x 7,job *4 i41 v4 #g74 ,a conv]sation !n foll[s ! "q1 :i* mu/ h be5 q impossible _h ,god recogniz$ him z an escap$ convict4 ,aga91 if we turn to ! book ( ,eno* 7an apocryphal production1 suppos$ = ages to h be5 lo/1 b discov]$ at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury 9 ,abyss9ia1 n[ fir/ translat$ f an ,e?iopian ,,ms4 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 by ,ri*>d ,laur5ce1 ,,ll4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,ca%el2 #c;d edition1 #hvo4 ,ox=d1 #ahch71--:i* is1 & ,i ?9k ju/ly1 believ$ to be ! au?ority quot$ by ,jude1 we f9d a full confirmation ( our view ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,devil or ,satan1 & ! fall5 angels4 ,! f\ndation ( ! "w is ! /ory-told 9 ! six? *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,9 t "w1 ! angels :i* kept n _! fir/ e/ate are describ$ z ^? :o pref]r$ int]c\rse ) human females to a cele/ial celibacy1 = 9 ^? days !re 7 sons ( ,god & daught]s ( m54 ,nay1 9 "o v]se 7*ap1 liii4 #f7 x is di/9ctly decl>$ t "o cause :y ! wra? ( ,god came ^u !m 0 t !y became m9i/]s ( ,satan1 & s$uc$ ^? :o dwell ^u ! e>?4 ,9 _m places a ref]5ce is made to ! close imprisonm5t ( ! angels :o _h be5 pollut$ ) wom52 "o su* w suffice1 7*ap1 xxi4 #f71 :]e1 on see+ a t]rific place1 ,eno* is told by ,uriel ?is is ! prison ( ! angels1 & "h are !y kept = ev]4 ,x is n ev5 ,satan :o tempts ! angels1 = *apt] lxviii4 tells u t x 0 ,yekun & ,kesabel1 two ( !mselves1 :o gave evil c\nsel1 & induc$ _! fell[s to corrupt _! bodies by g5]at+ mank9d4 ,x is cle> t su* a writ] does n conceive ! possible exi/5ce ( angelic wom54 ,! ne>e/ approa* to evid5ce ( id5tification is ! /atem5t made 9 ! same *apt] 7w4 #f1 #g71 t ,gradrel 0 ! "n ( "o ( ! lead]s ( ! fall51 & t he s$uc$ ,eve4 ,b ?is te/imony is :olly wor?less 9 ! face ( ! fact t he1 l all 8 company1 are kept *a9$ up1 :i* ,satan c]ta9ly is n4 ,f ! =ego+ facts & consid]ations1 we c come to no o!r conclusion ?an t !re is no tru? 9 ! angelic my?ology curr5t among/ ourselves--= :i* ,milton & 8 ,p>adise ,lo/ are ma9ly responsible4 ,we may1 inde$1 affirm t a belief 9 angelic my?ology is :olly incompatible ) an enlight5$ religion4 ,if we reg>d ! ,almighty z omnipres5t & omnisci5t1 we _c imag9e t ,he c require mess5g]s1 or organize an intellig5ce dep>tm5t 9 ,heav54 ,a man :o is pres5t ) 8 family requires no s]vant to tell him :at ea* is do+1 or to deliv] 8 ord]s to "o or o!r4 ,s1 if ,god be always ) u1 x is d[nright blasphemy to say t ,he requires a g-betwe5 to let ,him "k :at we are do+1 or :at ,he wi%es u to d4 ,9 our next *apt] we %all ent] ^u ! consid]ation ( a subject closely alli$ to t ( ,angels--namely1 t ( ,gho/s1 ,app>itions1 ,disembodi$ ,spirits1 or by :atev] "n !y are call$4 ,^! ma9ly diff] f ! be+s ( :om we h treat$ 9 ! fact t1 :]eas an angel is a mess5g]--"o s5t to d c]ta9 duties--a gho/ is a be+ :o comes ^u ! sc5e1 :i* he or %e has quitt$1 to d or to p]suade somebody else to p]=m some?+ t has be5 omitt$ to be done dur+ ! life-"t ( ! deceas$4 ,9 n9e-t5?s ( ! /ories :i* we read ( rev5ans1 ! return$ "o is n s5t z a mess5g]1 nor does he come = any def9ite purpose4 ,a man or woman b>b>\sly murd]$ is pa9t$ z haunt+ ! sc5e :]e ! viol5ce 0 committ$1 z flies flit ov] a c>case4 ,mis]s come to brood ov] _! ho>ds1 n to use !m4 ,9 no case :i* ,i c rememb] d ! tales repres5t ! gho/s z be+ s5t f ei!r ( ! two p[]s--,god & ,satan2 & to fancy t a deceas$ man or woman is a free ag5t aft] dea? is1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 a pro( t ! believ]s 9 ! doctr9e d n believe ! biblical text--,z ! tree falle? s x mu/ lie4 ,! ideas ( ,angels & ( ,gho/s h _! orig9 9 :at may be call$ a sup]/iti\s education2 & cr$5ce 9 ! latt] is an almo/ necess>y p5dant to a belief 9 ! =m]4 ,inde$1 if we put ourselves into ! position ( ,manoah's wife1 ,za*>ias 7,luke i71 & ,m>y1 we feel sure t we %\ld n h kn[n :e!r ! be+ :o appe>$ 0 an angel or a gho/4 ,note4--,! read] int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 w f9d additional in=mation !reupon 9 ,records ( ! ,pa/ 7,bag-/]1 ,london1 #ahgc-gd2 vol4 i4 #aca-ace1 & vol4 iii4#aci-aed74 ,! volumes are inexp5sive1 & extremely valuable to ! /ud5t ( ,assyrian1 ,babylonian1 & ,egyptian my?ology4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! inexorable logic ( facts4 ,saul & ! wit* ( ,endor4 ,influ5ce ( ,eli%a's bones4 ,! wid['s son4 ,ideas ab\t gho/s--ab\t _! p[]4 ,papal belief 9 gho/s4 ,ritual = exorcisms4 ,/4 ,dun/an & ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,! ,bible & gho/s4 ,scriptural gho/s4 ,gho/s indep5d5t ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,japanese /ory4 ,buddhi/ prie/s1 l ,papali/s1 exorcise gho/s pr(essionally4 ,anci5t ,grecian gho/s4 ,/ories f ,hom]1 ,h]odotus1 ,iambli*us4 ,mod]n ,fr5* gho/s4 ,lat9 gho/s4 ,gho/s & lunacy4 ,gho/s & spiritualism4 ,mi/akes ( clairvoyantes4 ,x is n until we sy/ematically inquire into c]ta9 t5ets ( our own belief1 & comp>e or contra/ !m ) ^? ( o!r p f> remov$ f u1 t we are able to =m an op9ion ab\t h[ mu* we owe to :at we call our peculi> religion1 & h[ mu* we hold 9 common ) o!r di/ant memb]s ( ! human family4 ,x is probable t !re is sc>cely a ,bible ,*ri/ian 9 ,great ,brita9 :o is n impress$ ) ! tru? ( ! /atem5t made 9 #b ,tim4 i4 #aj--viz41 t ,*ri/ aboli%$ dea?1 & br\ght life & immortality to light by ! ,gospel4 ,b ! inexorable logic ( facts proves to u t ! idea ( a life aft] dea? exi/$ ev5 among/ "s anci5t ,jews--a p to :om x 0 c]ta9ly n reveal$ by ,god--& among/ nations :o h n to ?is day become acqua9t$ ) ,jesus1 or :at we call ! ,gospel1 & :o are ma9ly influ5c$ by ! doctr9es ( ,buddha4 ,to give examples3 no "o c read ! v fabul\s /ory ( ! ,wit* ( ,endor & ,saul )\t recogniz+ ! fact1 t bo? ! "o & ! o!r are repres5t$ by ! hi/orian to h believ$1 t1 ?\gh ! body ( ! prophet ,samuel _h be5 rott+ = a long p]iod 9 its tomb1 ! _s ( ! man 0 yet exi/5t4 ,nor does a ,bible ,*ri/ian see any?+ peculi> 9 ! miracle ( ! re/oration ( ! dead man m5tion$ 9 #b ,k+s xiii4 #ba1 :o1 :5 he t\*$ ! m\ldy bones ( ,eli%a1 :i* repres5t$ all t 0 left1 on e>?1 ( t di/+ui%$ wond]-work]1 at once reviv$1 & /ood ^u 8 feet4 ,b ! /ory =ces u to believe t ! ,hebrew writ]1 :o _h no revelation f ,jehovah ab\t a future life1 01 f "s cause or o!r1 oblig$ to all[ t ! prophet _h "s sort ( exi/5ce aft] 8 decease4 ,a simil> rem>k may be made respect+ ! /ory ( ! wid['s son1 giv5 9 #a ,k+s xvii4 #ag-bc1 9 :i* x is cle> t bo? ! "m ( ! *ild & ! prophet believ$ x to be dead1 al?\gh ! latt] act$ z if !re 0 yet its liv+ _s exi/+ some:]e1 & capable ( be+ recall$4 ,no simple figure ( spee* w expla9 away ! doctr9e ref]r$ to1 = !re is ref]5ce di/9ctly made to ! idea ( a life indep5d5t ( t ( ! body4 ,x may well be suppos$1 t ! v extraord9>y tales spok5 ( 7 introduc$ into ! anci5t books by mod]n ,ph>isees1 z pro(s ( _! fai? be+ sup]ior to t ( ! ,sadducees--x is1 inde$1 probable t !y 7 s2 b into ?is po9t we w n ent]4 ,we pass by1 9 l mann]1 ! real signification ( ! ,engli% ^w gho/1 & make no ref]5ce to ! idea ( !re be+ a ,holy1 9 contradi/9ction to a pr(ane1 vulg>1 & unholy1 gho/ ,we may also omit any?+ m ?an a b>e allusion to ! fact t ! ?ird memb] ( ! ,tr9ity1 z x is call$1 appe>$ 9 =ms recognizable by ! eye2 & t :5 x assum$ an ov]%ad[+ condition 7,luke i4 #ce71 x act$ z a male human body w\ld h done1 & impregnat$ ,m>y1 z ,jupit] did ,l$a4 ,x is r my desire to call att5tion to ! ideas actually exi/+1 probably 9 all ,*ri/5dom1 & c]ta9ly 9 ,great ,brita91 respect+ gho/s4 ,!y may be ?us describ$4 ,x is believ$ by _m t c]ta9 individuals h1 dur+ _! lifetime1 a p[] ( det]m9+ t "s immat]ial "p ( _! liv+ body %all1 aft] dea?1 assume ! figure & proportions possess$ by ! p]son dur+ life1 z well z 8 clo!s1 c41 & act z if ?is second self _h a real exi/5ce1 recognizable by m51 animals1 & ev5 c&les199 & a def9ite worldly purpose4 ,9 o!r cases x is assum$1 t ! defunct has n _h any p>ticul> desire to return to life until aft] 8 dea? has tak5 place2 b t 8 _s1 hav+ z mu* p[] to ?9k )\t its bra9s z ) !m1 makes itself app>5t ) a di/9ct object1 =m$1 n 9 ! liv+ body1 b 9 ! corpse4 ,! purposes g5]ally attribut$ to gho/s are1 to give in=mation ab\t murd] or money1 to compel religi\s rites ov] _! dead body1 or to puni% a rel5tless oppressor ) daily horror4 ,/ill fur!r1 "s suppose t gho/s are doom$ = a c]ta9 "t to walk ! e>?1 & suff] dur+ ! day 9 fires p]petual1 till1 9 "s unkn[n way1 ! s9s ( _! bodies h be5 purg$ away1 or until "s "o1 liv+1 has made an atonem5t = s9s committ$ & unp>don$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ! rev5ant 7,%akespe>e 9 ,hamlet74 ,! s-call$ disembodi$ spirits are suppos$ to be able to op]ate ^u matt]1 to ?r[ our atmosph]e into waves1 produc+ vision & he>+1 & to move f "o spot to ano!r4 ,!y h1 /ill f>!r1 ! p[] ( mak+ & emitt+ light1 & are s p>tial to us+ ! faculty1 t !y pref] appe>+ by night1 & 9 d>kness4 99 ,& ! lights 9 ! *amb] burnt blue4 --,alonzo ! ,brave4--,lewis4 ,( ! real exi/5ce ( su* gho/ly be+s no dev\t ,romani/ c fail to conv9ce himself2 = 8 ,*ur*1 :i* claims to be infallible1 has provid$ special s]vices = combat+ !m1 & a ,papal prie/ has1 _m a "t1 claim$1 & attempt$ to ex]cise1 ! p[] to drive :at ! ,fr5* call rev5ans1 f ! e>? into ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,! sa9tly annals ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome are fill$ ) /ories ( angels1 gods1 & devils1 :o h appe>$ to holy m5 ( old1 ei!r to applaud _! conduct1 or to try _! fai? ,! leg5ds ab\t ,sa9t ,dun/an & ,sa9t ,an?ony are too well kn[n to require repetition "h1 & x w\ld be idle to ref] to "s p>ticul>ly good gho/ /ory1 :5 ev]ybody kn[s s _m4 ,! g5]al cr$it obta9$ by ! tales ref]r$ to has be5 attribut$ by _m to ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible4 ,! app>ition ( ,samuel to ,saul2 ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! angel ,raphael & ,tobit2 ! manife/ation ( "s cele/ial be+s to ,za*>ias 7,luke i4 #aa72 to ,m>y 7v4 #bh72 to c]ta9 %eph]ds 7,luke ii4 #i72 ! /atem5t t "s m5 h ent]ta9$ angels unaw>es 7,heb4 xiii4 #b72 ! transfiguration sc5e1 describ$ 9 ,matt1 xvii4 & ,m>k ix41 9 :i* ,moses & ,elias are said to h return$ f heav5 to e>?1 ) ! design ( com=t+ ,jesus2 & ! /ory ( ,pet] & ! angel1 told 9 ,acts xii4 #f-ae--;all indicate a firm belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( gho/s1 & =m ! ,*ri/ian's w>rant = believ+ 9 !m4 ,b an ext5d$ k ( ! belief ent]ta9$ by p o!r ?an ! foll[]s ( ,jesus %[s t ! idea 9 "q is :olly indep5d5t ( bo? ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,a cr$5ce 9 gho/s is pr(\nd 9 ,japan1 & x resembles1 9 e respect1 t :i* has be5 s long curr5t 9 ,europe4 ,if any "o1 = example1 w read a /ory 9 ,a ,b4 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan 7,macmillan2 ,london1 #ahga71 entitl$1 ,! ,gho/ ( ,sakura1 a village1 he w sc>cely be able to dive/ himself ( ! idea t ! leg5d is ( ,briti% orig94 ,)\t go+ into ! reasons :i* h conv9c$ me t ! writ] has fairly giv5 a purely ,japanese tale1 & "o :olly unta9t$ by ,popi% leg5ds1 ,i may %ortly indicate ! ma9 po9ts 9 ! n>rative1 :i* purports to be a true "o4 ,a c]ta9 "l behav$ v badly to 8 t5ants1 increas+ ! impo/s ^u !m until life became a burd54 ,by ord9>y petitions he 0 unmov$1 & x 0 necess>y to h rec\rse to unusual means4 ,! adoption ( a promis+ plan 01 9 ! m9d ( its propos]1 a positive passport to a cruel dea?1 by crucifixion4 ,9 a t\*+ leave-tak+ ( 8 wife1 he ends 8 spee* ) ! words--,i give my life to allay ! mis]y ( ! p ( ?is e/ate 7vol4 ii1 p4 #ab74 ,8 proce$+s save ! poor peasants1 = :om he sacrifices himself1 f utt] ru9--e grievance :i* !y h is r$ress$2 b _! savi\r is condemn$ to be crucifi$1 9 :i* puni%m5t 8 wife is includ$1 & 8 sons are to be behead$ be=e 8 face4 ,unable to save ! man1 8 ne>e/ male fri5ds become prie/s1 & end _! days pray+ & mak+ (f]+s on behalf ( _! fri5ds' s\ls1 & ^? ( ! wife & (fspr+ 7p4 #be71 & !y collect money en\gh to erect six bronze memorial ,buddhas4 ,?us1 ! tale goes on to say1 did ^! m51 = ! sake ( ,sogoro & 8 family1 give !mselves up to works ( devotion2 & ! o!r villag]s also br\ght food to soo! ! spirits ( ! dead1 & pray$ = _! entry into ,p>adise2 &1 z litanies 7 repeat$ )\t int]mission1 !re c be no d\bt t ,sogoro atta9$ salvation4 ,! next s5t5ce is a ,buddhi/ text1 viz43-- ,9 ,p>adise1 :]e ! bless+s ( ,god are di/ribut$ )\t fav\r1 ! s\l le>ns its faults by ! measure ( ! rew>ds giv54 ,! lu/s ( ! fle% are ab&on$1 & ! s\l1 purifi$1 atta9s to ! glory ( ,buddha4 ,i sc>cely ne$ m5tion1 to ^? int]e/$ 9 ,buddhism1 t ?is conception ( ,p>adise is v diff]5t to t :i* _m p]sons uphold to be no?+ness4 ,! ,japanese ,nirvana is evid5tly n annihilation4 ,:5 ,sogoro 0 to die1 ! fri5dly prie/s entreat$ ! au?orities t !y might h 8 body1 s z to be able to bury x dec5tly2 b ! reque/ 0 only grant$ aft] ! corpse _h be5 expos$ ?ree days & ?ree nights4 ,at ! "t appo9t$1 ,sogoro & 8 wife are ti$ to two crosses1 & _! *ildr5 br\ght out = decapitation4 ,! utt]ance ( ! elde/ son 7aet4 #ac7 is v t\*+--,oh my fa!r & "m1 ,i am go+ be=e y to ,p>adise1 t happy c\ntry1 to wait = y4 ,my little bro!rs & ,i w be on ! banks ( ! riv] ,s&zu199 & /ret* out our h&s1 & help y across4 ,f>ewell1 all y :o h come to see u die2 & n[1 please cut (f my head at once4 ,) ?is he /ret*$ out 8 neck1 murmur+ a la/ pray] 7p4 #bh74 99 ,! ,buddhi/ ,/yx1 :i* sep>ates ,p>adise f ,hell1 across :i* ! dead are f]ri$ by an old woman1 = :om a small piece ( money is buri$ ) !m4 ,i may add t su* a cu/om obta9s among/ ! l[] ord]s 9 ,irel& to ?is day4 ,at l5g? x is ! p>5ts turn to die1 & ?us speaks ! wife--,rememb]1 my husb&1 t f ! fir/ y _h made up y\r m9d to ?is fate4 ,:at ?\gh our bodies be disgracefully expos$ on ^! crosses8 7comp>e ,gal4 iii4 #ac74 ,we h ! promises ( ! ,gods be=e u2 !re=e1 m\rn n4 ,let u fix our m9ds ^u dea?2 we are draw+ ne> to ,p>adise1 & %all soon be ) ! sa9ts4 ,be calm1 my husb&4 ,let u *e]fully lay d[n our lives = ! good ( _m4 ,man lives b = "o g5]ation1 8 "n = _m4 ,a good "n is m to be priz$ ?an life4 ,well said wife2 :at ?\gh we are puni%$ = ! _m8 our petition 0 successful1 & !re is no?+ left to wi% =44444 ,= myself1 ,i c>e n2 b t my wife & *ildr5 %\ld be puni%$ also is too mu*4444 ,let my "l f5ce himself 9 ) iron walls1 yet %all my _s bur/ ?r\gh !m1 & cru% 8 bones1 z a return = ?is de$4 ,z he said ?is1 he look$ l ! demon ,razetsu 7p4 #cj74 ,! execution is complet$ by ?ru/+ a spe> into ! side until x comes out at ! opposite %\ld]1 & z x is )drawn1 ! blood /reams out l a f\nta94 ,ere ,sogoro dies1 he aga9 ?reat5s 8 "l to rev5ge himself ^u him 9 a mann] nev] to be =gott51 & adds--,z a sign1 :5 ,i am dead1 my head %all turn & face t[>ds ! ca/le4 ,:5 y see ?is1 d\bt n t my words %all come true 7p4 #ca74 ,z ,sogoro laid d[n 8 life = a noble cause1 he 0 canoniz$1 & became a tutel> deity ( 8 "l's family4 ,aft] ! execution1 ^? subord9ates ( ! "l ( ! l& 7 dismiss$ f _! (fice1 :o1 by _! culpable & vile conduct1 _h made su* a cata/rophe necess>y--a retribution t rem9ds ! read] ( t :i* is said to h fall5 on ! ,jews1 because ( a dea? by crucifixion :i* !y br\ght ab\t4 ,! ,japanese hi/orian !n goes on 7p4 #cd7--;,9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 f ! d>k ages d[n to ! pres5t "t1 !re are few in/ances ( "o man lay+ d[n 8 life = ! _m1 z ,sogoro did2 noble & peasant praise him alike4 ,f\r ye>s aft] ?is ! gho/s ( ,sogoro & ( 8 wife & family beg9 to torm5t _! late cruel "l4 ,8 lady is gradually fright5$ to dea?2 ! crucifi$ c\ple appe> to h] & to h] husb& 9 a f> m fe>ful =m ?an ,jesus is said to h appe>$ to ,con/ant9e4 ,!y ?reat5 bo? ) ! pa9s ( ,hell1 & decl>e t !y h come to take !m !re2 & ) !m come o!r gho/s1 :o hoot1 yell1 laugh1 & come & g at pleasure4 ,no "o1 n ev5 prie/s1 c\ld quiet ! frightful s\nds1 or get rid ( ! horrible sights4 ,viol5ce 0 :olly unavail+2 my/ic rites1 incantations1 & pray]s 7 alike useless4 ,! visions appe>$ at fir/ by day1 b subsequ5tly by night4 ,!y 7 visible to ev]ybody4 ,b1 aft] a long consultation1 ! once brutal1 b n[ humbl$1 nobleman agrees to erect a %r9e to ! crucifi$ man1 & to pay him div9e hon\rs4 ,?is 0 done3 ,sogoro became a sa9t1 "u ! "n ( ,sogo ,daimiyo1 & ! gho/s appe>$ no m4 ,b t]rible mis=tunes fall ^u ! ,"l ,kotsuke1 & he began to feel t ! dea? ( 8 wife1 & 8 own pres5t mis=tunes1 7 a j retribution = ! dea? ( ,sogoro & 8 wife & *ildr51 & he 0 z "o awak5$ f a dream4 ,!n1 night & morn+1 9 8 rep5tance1 he (f]$ up pray]s to ! sa9t$ _s ( ! dead f>m]1 ackn[l$g$ & bewail$ 8 crime1 v[+ t1 if 8 own family 7 sp>$ f ru91 & re-e/abli%$1 int]cession %\ld be made at ! c\rt ( ! ,mikado on behalf ( ! _s ( ,sogoro1 s t1 be+ wor%ipp$ ) ev5 great] hon\rs ?an be=e1 8 "n %\ld be h&$ d[n to all g5]ations 7p4 #dc74 ,9 a foot note we le>n t ! ,mikado ( ,japan c\ld1 l ! ,pope ( ,rome1 conf] po/hum\s div9e hon\rs ^u :om he pleas$4 ,! tale tells u t1 by ! means j be=e allud$ to1 ! _s ( ,sogoro 0 appeas$1 & !n positively became 8 quondam enemy's patron sa9t1 & 0 univ]sally respect$ 9 all t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,8 %r9e 0 made beautiful z a gem1 & night & day ! dev\t wor%ipp$ at x ,mit=d adds 7p4 #dg7--,! belief 9 gho/s appe>s to be z univ]sal z t ( ! immortality ( ! s\l ^u :i* x dep5ds4 ,bo? 9 ,*9a & ,japan ! dep>t$ _s is inve/$ ) ! p[] ( revisit+ ! e>?1 &1 9 a visible =m1 torm5t+ its enemies1 & haunt+ ^? places :]e ! p]i%able "p ( x m\rn$ & suff]$4 ,haunt$ h\ses are sl[ to f9d t5ants1 = gho/s almo/ always come ) rev5geful int5t2 inde$1 ! own]s ( su* h\ses w almo/ pay m5 to live 9 !m1 su* is ! dread :i* !y inspire1 & ! anxiety to blot out ! /igma4 ,! p>allel betwe5 an episode 9 ,pale/9e1 & t h]e9 describ$ z hav+ occurr$ 9 ,japan1 w be complet$ if ! read] rememb]s ! passage 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 :]e9 ,paul1 aft] speak+ ( ! fall ( ! ,jews1 subsequ5t to ! dea? ( ,jesus--:o gave 8 life = o!rs--rem>ks1 if ! ca/+ away ( !m be ! reconcil+ ( ! _w1 :at %all ! receiv+ ( !m be b life f ! dead 7,rom4 xi4 #ae74 ,9 addition to ! gho/ /ory above describ$1 _m o!rs are detail$ by ,mr ,mit=d t are exact c\nt]p>ts ( "s ( ^? mo/ firmly believ$ by or?odox ,*ri/ians1 & mo/ commonly met ) 9 novelettes & magaz9es4 ,we give a dige/ ( !m-- ,a pat]familias is ?r[n into prison = gambl+4 ,aft] be+ conf9$ "s "t1 he returns home "o night pale & ?91 &1 aft] receiv+ congratulations1 he tells ! fri5ds assembl$ t he is p]mitt$ to leave ! prison t ev5+ by ! jail]s1 = t he is to be return$ to !m ! next day publicly4 ,:5 ! "t arrives1 !y are summon$ to remove 8 corpse--he _h di$ ! night be=e1 & x 0 8 gho/ :i* _h appe>$4 ,comp>e ,acts v4 #ai1 & xii4 #g-ad4 ,! next runs ?us--,a cruel policeman _h a h\semaid1 :o broke "o ( t5 plates :i* he valu$--%e confess$ ! accid5t to ! mi/ress4 ,:5 ! ma/] came to he> ( ! loss1 he ti$ ! girl to a cupbo>d1 & cut (f "o ( h] f+]s daily4 ,%e manag$ to escape1 & dr[n$ h]self 9 ! g>d5 well4 ,e night aft]w>ds !re 0 a noise f ! well1 c\nt+ up to n9e1 & !n came a bur/ ( grief4 ,all ! reta9]s left ! place2 ! magi/rate c\ld n p]=m 8 duties1 & 0 dismiss$4 ,! gho/ 0 ultimately laid by a prie/4 ,aft] rec\nt+ ?is /ory1 ,mit=d rem>ks--,! lay+ ( di/urb$ spirits appe>s to =m "o ( ! regul> functions ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s2 at lea/1 we f9d !m play+ a conspicu\s "p 9 e gho/ /ory 7p4 #ej74 ,! next tale is "o ( a haunt$ h\se4 ,no pay+ t5ant w live !re1 b a poor f5c+ ma/] takes x = no?+4 ,he fir/ he>s a t]rific noise 9 ! g>d5 pond1 &1 on look+1 sees a d>k cl\d en%r9+ a bald head4 ,he inquires1 & discov]s t a =m] t5ant1 t5 ye>s ago1 murd]$ a money-l5d]1 & ?rew 8 head into ! wat]4 ,! actual t5ant n[ dra9s ! pond1 f9ds ! skull1 takes x = burial to a temple1 caus+ pray]s to be (f]$ up = ! repose ( ! murd]$ man's s\l4 ,?us ! gho/ 0 laid1 & appe>$ no m4 ,?is tale s]ves z an additional means ( recogniz+ ! desc5t ( ,papism f ,buddhism4 ,return+ once aga9 to ,europe1 we f9d t ! anci5t ,greeks _h n only an idea ( ! resurrection ( ! dead1 & life aft] dea?1 b t dep>t$ spirits c\ld be summon$ to appe> by ! liv+4 ,= example1 at ! op5+ ( ! elev5? book ( ! ,odyssey1 ,ulysses rec\nts h[-he (f]$ a c]ta9 sacrifice1 & tells u t1 aft] x1 ! s\ls ( ! p]i%$ dead came =? f ,erebus--betro!d girls & y\?s--mu* endur+ old m51 & t5d] virg9s hav+ a newly griev$ m9d--& _m ,m>s-r5[n$ m51 w\nd$ ) brass-tipp$ spe>s1 possess+ gore-sme>$ arms1 :o 9 great numb]s 7 w&]+ ab\t ! tr5*1 on diff]5t sides1 ) a div9e clam\r1 & pale fe> seiz$ ^u me4444 ,at fir/ ! s\l ( my companion1 ,elp5or1 came1 = he 0 n yet buri$4444 ,! %ade address$ ! h]o1 &1 aft] tell+ ! mann] ( 8 own dea?1 entreats to h 8 corpse burn$1 & a tomb to be plac$ ov] x ,aft] ?is %ade1 appe>s ,ulysses' "m1 !n ,!ban ,tiresias1 hav+ a gold5 sceptre 7,bohn's translation1 pp4 #adg1 #h74 ,! re/ ( ! book is made up ( a numb] ( dialogues betwe5 ! travell] & ! illu/ri\s dead4 ,! foll[+1 f ,h]odotus 7vi4 #fh1 #fi71 might h be5 introduc$ into *apt] viii1 = x is n only an example ( a gho/1 b ( sup]natural g5]ation--b x is mo/ appropriate "h4 ,dem>atus1 hav+ be5 twitt$ by c]ta9 p]sons t he 0 n ! son ( 8 putative fa!r1 :o 0 kn[n to be impot5t1 & t he 0 begott5 by a mean man--a fe$] ( asses--adjures 8 "m1 by a mo/ solemn oa?1 to tell ! tru?4 ,%e replies--,:5 ,ari/on _h tak5 me to 8 own h\se1 on ! ?ird night f ! fir/ a spectre1 resembl+ ,ari/on1 came to me1 & hav+ la9 ) me1 put on me a cr[n t x _h1 x dep>t$1 & aft]w>ds ,ari/on came2 b :5 he saw me ) ! cr[n1 he ask$ :o x 0 t gave x me4 ,i said1 he did2 b he w\ld n admit x4444 ,ari/on1 see+ t ,i affirm$ ) an oa?1 discov]$ t ! ev5t 0 sup]human2 &1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! cr[n prov$ to h come f ! %r9e444 situate ne> ! palace gates1 :i* !y call ,a/rabacus's2 &1 9 ! next place1 ! se]s pron\nc$ t x 0 ! h]o himself4 ,we ne$ n dwell ^u ! miracle1 be+ only desir\s to %[ t1 9 ! "t ( ,h]odotus1 ideas ( ! return ( dep>t$ spirits to e>? 7 common--_h x n be5 s1 ! /ory w\ld n h be5 conceiv$4 ,see also ,h]od iv4 #ad1 #ae2 ,a,esch ,!b4 #gaj2 cf4 ,porson on ,eur4 ,or4 #dja2 ,a,esch ,ag4 #dae4 ,p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ example ( a phantom is giv5 9 ,h]odotus viii4 #hd1 :]e a spectre1 9 a woman's =m1 appe>$1 & *e]$ ! ,greeks on %ipbo>d to a battle1 say+1 s t all ! w>riors he>d h]--,da/>ds1 h[ long w y back wat]8 ,9 m rec5t times1 ,iamblicus 7on ! ,my/]ies1 section ii1 *ap1 iv471 speak+ ( diff]5t cele/ial & ord9>ily invisible p[]s1 obs]ves--,9 ! motions ( ! h]oic phasmata 7or app>itions--phantoms or gho/s7 a c]ta9 magnific5ce pres5ts itself to ! view4 ,9 ! phasmata ( ! ,ar*ons ! fir/ en]gies appe> to be mo/ excell5t & au?oritative1 & ! phasmata ( s\ls are se5 to be ! m moveable1 yet are m imbecile1 ?an ^? ( h]oes4444 ,! magnitude ( ! epiphanies 7or manife/ations7 9 ! gods1 inde$1 is s great1 z sometimes to conceal all heav54#a' ,!n ! au?or describes h[ ?is brilliancy is less 9 ea* inf]ior ord] ( spirits1 & is smalle/ 9 ^? s\ls bel[ ! grade ( h]oes 7,taylor's translation1 pp4 #hi1 #ij74 ,9 sect iii41 *ap1 iii41 ! same writ] rem>ks--,! s\l has a tw(old life1 "o be+ 9 conjunction ) ! body1 ! o!r be+ sep>at$ f all body4 ,aga91 9 *ap4 xxxi4--,/ill worse is ! explanation ( sacr$ op]ations1 :i* assigns1 z ! cause ( div9ation1 a c]ta9 g5us ( daemons1 :i* is naturally fraudul5t1 omni=m1 & v>i\s1 & :i* assumes ! appe>ance ( gods & daemons1 & ! s\ls ( ! deceas$ 7,taylor's ed41 p4 #aii74 ,le ,dictionnaire ,inf]nal1 :i* ,i h previ\sly describ$1 gives two v mod]n-l hi/ories f ! ,greeks1 "u ! names ,phil9nion & ,polycritus2 b1 z ,i _c v]ify !m by ref]5ce1 ,i %all say no m ( !m4 ,:5 we come to speak ab\t ! ,romans1 ! fir/ hi/ory :i* occurs to my m9d is ! well-kn[n /atem5t1 t ! gho/ ( ,caes> appe>$ to ,brutus be=e ! battle 9 :i* ! latt] met ) 8 dea?4 ,! n>rator ( ! /ory dwells some:at ^u ! coolness ) :i* ! liv+ h]o enc\nt]s ! %ade ( ! dead1 z if x 7 /range = p1 :5 !y saw gho/s1 n to be t]rifi$4 ,i ?9k t we may believe 9 ! ,etruscans hav+ an idea ( invisible spirits becom+ occasionally app>5t1 inasmu* z 9 a sepul*ral pa9t+1 9 ! tomb ( ! ,t>qu9ii1 ! %ade ( ,patroclus is repres5t$ z /&+ ov] ,a*illes z he kills ! ,trojan captives 9 sacrifice4 ,9 lat] times1 ,o?o decl>$ t ,galba's gho/ _h appe>$ to him1 & _h tumbl$ him out ( b$ 7,suetonius' ,lives ( ! ,caes>s1 ,o?o1 vii74 ,we may take our next illu/ration f ,cic]o ^u ! nature ( ! gods4 ,9 book #b1 *4 ii41--,:o n[1 he makes ,lucilius say1 believes 9 ,hippoc5taurs & ,*im]as8 or :at old woman is n[ to be f\nd s weak & ignorant z to /& 9 fe> ( ^? inf]nal mon/]s :i* once s t]rifi$ mank9d8 ,= "t de/roys ! fictions ( error & op9ion1 :il/ x confirms ! det]m9ations ( nature & tru?4 ,& !re=e x is t1 bo? among/ u & among/ o!r nations1 sacr$ in/itutions & ! div9e wor%ip ( ! gods h be5 /r5g!n$ & improv$ f "t to "t2 & ?is is n to be imput$ to *ance alone1 b to ! frequ5t appe>ance ( ! gods !mselves4 ,9 ! w> ) ! ,lat9s444 ,ca/or & ,pollux 7 se5 fight+ ) our army on horseback444 & z ,p4 ,vati5us444 0 com+ 9 ! night to ,rome444 two "y m5 on :ite horses appe>$ to him1 & told him t k+ ,p]ses 0 t day tak5 prison]4 ,he told ! news & 0 imprison$ z a li>2 b fur!r in=mation confirm$ ! gho/'s /ory1 & he 0 lib]at$ & rew>d$4444 ,! voices ( ! ,fauns h be5 (t5 he>d1 & deities h appe>$ 9 =ms s visible t !y h compell$ ev]yone1 :o is n s5seless or h>d5$ 9 impiety1 to confess ! pres5ce ( ! gods 7,bohn's translation1 p4 #df74 ,9 page #ahf ( ! same edition1 two rem>kable in/ances are giv5 :]e9 sup]natural voices told ( approa*+ tr\ble1 & h[ x 0 to be avoid$4 ,no notice 0 tak5 ( ! w>n+1 & ! mis=tunes :i* _h be5 =etold occurr$4 ,! second miracle v closely resembl$ ! mod]n voice ( ! ,virg9 at ,l\rdes4 ,:il/ ,i 0 writ+ ! prec$+ rem>ks1 my att5tion 0 call$ by a fri5d to ! foll[+ rem>ks 9 ,! ,exam9]1 :i* seem to me s appropriate to ?is *apt] & ! prec$+ "o1 t ,i gladly quote !m3--,if !re is any?+ m /rik+ ?an ! ?\ghtless cr$ulity ) :i* m5 accept /atem5ts agree+ ) _! preconceptions1 x is ! /ubborn incr$ulity ) :i* !y receive /atem5ts at v>iance ) ^? preconceptions4 ,! devotees ( ea* religion1 & ev5 ( ea* sect into :i* a religion is s commonly split up1 accept & ev5 adore ! absurdities ( _! own belief1 :ile !y scan1 ) a sceptical sev]ity t _c be surpass$1 ! n great] follies ( o!r sy/ems ( belief4 ,9 no respect is ?is fact m gl>+ ?an 9 ! case ( miracles4 ,ea* ,*ur* has its own special miracles1 dev\tly believ$ 91 b repels ) contempt or horror ! alleg$ miracles ( o!r religions4 ,happy t x is s4 ,7 sup]/ition n 9 its ess5ce & nature a divid+ folly1 c\ld x b mu/] 9 "o h]d all its vot>ies1 common s5se & tru? w\ld h a h>d battle = exi/5ce4 ,at ?is po9t ( my subject1 ,i feel ! natural incl9ation ( a physician to ent] ^u ^? *anges 9 ! n]v\s c5tres :i* induce individuals to he>1 feel1 & see1 noises1 s5sations1 & spectra1 :i* h no real exi/5ce4 ,b ) ! majority ( exp]i5c$ m$ical m51 ! matt] is s well kn[n t x w\ld be idle = me to dwell ^u x1 fur!r ?an to say1 t x is a matt] ( fact t _m an individual :o he>s & sees words & be+s :i* are illusions1 acts ^u !m z if !y 7 real4 ,_m an assault ^u "s quiet citiz51 _m an in/ance ( wilful mis*ief1 & ev5 ( murd]1 is due to a communication made1 app>5tly by a sup]natural visitor1 to a p]son :o has fully believ$ x4 ,to a man 9 8 p]fect s5ses ! delusive "* ( a spectre1 or a message giv5 9 an audible voice may be readily recogniz$2 b :5 an individual has a diseas$ bra91 all delusions seem real1 & x is a "p ( ! affection t !y are n only recogniz$1 b act$ on4 ,! "q has (t5 sugge/$ itself to my own m9d1 ,h[ mu* has insanity ( m9d _h to d ) religion8 ,9 mod]n times1 ! psy*ologi/ c readily see h[ f> ,sw$5borg1 ,johanna ,s\?cote1 & _m o!rs1 7 influ5c$ by a diseas$ condition ( ! bra92 he c also see indications ( lunacy 9 ,ezekiel & ! au?or ( ,daniel4 ,b he is unable to prosecute ! subject f> )\t discov]+ t m5tal weakness is (t5 bol/]$ up by fraud4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an = an intellig5t physician to und]/& ! physical causes ( su* visions z c]ta9 religioni/s h talk$ (4 ,b :5 a spuri\s miracle1 l t ( ! app>ition ( a talk+1 immaculately-conceiv$ ,virg9 at ,l\rdes1 is trad$ on1 ! occurr5ce leaves ! region ( folly1 & ent]s t ( fraud4 ,into t x is injudici\s to ent] "h4 ,i may1 h[ev]1 adv]t to ! curr5t belief t c]ta9 individuals 9 ! same family h1 = _m succe$+ g5]ations1 _! dea? =etold by "s wrai? or phantom appe>+ to !m4 ,?is /ory is probably f\nd$ ^u ! fact t h]$it>y bra9 disease exi/s 9 ! con/itution ( all su* p]sons1 & t its occurr5ce 9 ea* victim is m>k$ by an ocul>1 &1 p]haps1 "s aural delusion4 ,! app>ition may seem real to ! diseas$ n]v\s sy/em1 ?\gh x has no absolute exi/5ce4 ,we are !n con/ra9$ to believe t ! idea ( gho/s has n aris51 9 ! fir/ place1 f any peculi> =m ( religi\s belief1 b f ! fact t 9 all inhabitants ( ! _w !re has exi/$ t =m ( insanity :i* consi/s 9 ! victim believ+ t he he>s & sees individuals1 inaudible & unse5 by o!rs4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 necess>y t !re %all be insanity ) ! halluc9ations ref]r$ to2 = ,i am p]sonally acqua9t$ ) _m individuals :o h bo? se5 & he>d1 z !y imag9e1 p]sons & voices1 b ( ^: sanity ,i h no d\bt4 ,su* delusions (t5 come f ov]/udy1 or too great m5tal emotion2 & ! m$ical work] 9 8 closet & ! ,roman g5]al 9 8 t5t may equally see a _s4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood t to all classes ! halluc9ation has ! effect ( reality1 until1 by ! ex]cise ( an active w1 inquiry proves t bo? s\nds & sights ?us notic$ are illusions4 ,if1 !re=e1 p]sons :o h visions1 c41 h n intellects :i* are cultivat$1 ! spectres w pass = realities1 &1 z su*1 w be describ$4 ,if we endeav\r to apply ?is obs]vation to c]ta9 cases1 we %all see h[ f> ! d$uctions are vraisemblable4 ,( all ! causes :i* produce atroci\s crimes1 insanity ( m9d is ! mo/ common4 ,b ?is cause is r>ely recogniz$ at ! "t1 ev5 9 a c\ntry l our own4 ,murd]1 rape1 arson1 & a ho/ ( o!r atrocities are (t5 ! fir/ evid5ce ( a diseas$ bra94 ,! doctor is assur$ ( ?is long be=e an ignorant public1 & he traces )\t surprise ! c\rse ( a malady :i* is n se5 by ! vulg>1 until its culm9ation 9 "s bett] kn[n =m ( lunacy4 ,^! m5tal suff]]s are exactly ^? to :om visions are mo/ common1 & :o are mo/ unable to te/ ! reality ( _! halluc9ations4 ,if1 !n1 !y are integ]s ( a p to :om insanity is unkn[n1 x is natural t _! n>ratives w be li/5$ to ) awe4 ,! ,japanese tyrant1 ^: case we h giv51 0 probably brutal f imp5d+ bra9 disease1 & ! visions :i* appe>$ to him 7 caus$ by an increase ( 8 malady4 ,%akespe>e has evid5tly tak5 ?is view ( ! "q1 =1 9 ,macbe?1 he makes t h]o 7act ii41 sc5e #a71 soliloquise ) a dagg] :i* he sees1 b _c clut*--,art ?\ n1 fatal vision1 s5sible to feel+1 z to sight1 or art ?\ b a dagg] ( ! m9d2 a false creation1 proce$+ f ! heat-oppress$ bra98 ,consci\s ( ! illusion1 ,macbe? recognizes ! probable cause2 b1 at a lat] p]iod1 :5 ! diseas$ bra9 is worse ?an x 0 be=e1 ! un=tunate man is q unable to reason1 & we f9d him 9 act iii41 sc5e #d1 affright$ by ! gho/ ( ,banquo--^: appe>ance he believes to be real1 ev5 al?\gh 8 wife recalls to 8 m9d ! dagg] sc5e1 & reasons ^u 8 weakness4 ,i d n ?9k t we %all be f> wrong if we assume t _m nations1 :o 7 n f> advanc$ 9 m5tal speculation1 obta9$ _! fir/ ideas ( ! resurrection ( ! body f ! halluc9ations ( approa*+ or actual insanity4 ,*ri/ian div9es unque/ionably endeav\r to demon/rate ! tru? ( ! dogma ref]r$ to1 by ! frequ5t appe>ance ( ,jesus to 8 disciples aft] 8 crucifixion4 ,b ! manife/ation ( ,jesus diff]$ :olly f t ( ,moses & ,elias :o once came to talk to him4 ,he takes p>ticul> pa9s to demon/rate to ,?omas t he has fle% & blood & a hole 9 8 side1 z well z 9 8 h&s & feet4 ,?is indicates t ,jesus did n die ^u ! cross1 b t he fa9t$ & came back to life4 ,to insi/ = a mom5t ^u ! lessons taught by ! n>rative 9 ! gospels1 let u inquire :at is ! value ( ! argum5t :i* proves ! resurrection ( ! body1 ei!r by ! appe>ance to "s "o ( a dep>t$ fri5d or enemy1 or ! visits ( ,jesus to 8 disciples4 ,if x is demon/rat$ ?us t ! body is et]nal & w rise aga91 x is equally c]ta9 t its g>m5ts1 :e!r clo?1 l951 or calico1 w be resuscitat$ also6 ,! subject1 h[ev]1 is n yet exhau/$1 = we h n[ to rem>k1 t no "o has ev] be5 kn[n to see a spectre :i* does n repres5t "s "o :om he has se51 or ^: picture he has notic$2 nor does he ev] he> a voice 9 a tongue unkn[n to himself4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 we f9d individuals recogniz+ "s "o ^: portrait !y h se51 b :o talks 9 ! "m tongue ( ! vision>y1 we are =c$ to conclude t ! matt] is unreal4 ,if a ,fr5* girl--or sev]al ( !m1 see ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & he> h] talk ,fr5*1 x is evid5t to e ?9k+ m9d1 ei!r t !re is m5tal disord] or prie/ly craft4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 individuals1 call+ !mselves m$iums1 decl>e _! p[] to call be=e !m ! gho/s ( ,hom] & ,h]o1 ,le&] & ,alex&]1 & ass]t t !y c di/+ui% ,plato f ,socrates1 & ,s5eca f ,x5ophon1 & c conv]se ) all 9 pure ,engli%1 x is cle> t su* p are n insane1 & t _! pret5d$ skill has no exi/5ce4 ,t :i* goes by ! names ( clairvoyance & spiritualism is bas$ solely ^u an unreason+ cr$ulity4 ,9 speak+ ( a belief 9 spiritualism z be+ analog\s to implicit cr$5ce 9 gho/s--& bo? z be+ f\nd$ ^u imp]fection 9 judgm5t1 x is "r t ,i %\ld give "s reasons = :at ,i say4 ,m ?an ?irty ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ,i att5d$ my fir/ seance ) a clairvoyant4 ,%e _h !n be5 9 ,liv]pool "s "t1 & n only came to u f ,am]ica ) a wond]ful r5[n1 b soon atta*$ to h] triumphal c> "s ( ! mo/ conspicu\s ( our local savans4 ,hav+ read mu* ^u ! subject ( ,mesm]ism--! ,od or ,odyllic =ce1 animal magnetism1 c41 ,i 0 desir\s ( ga9+ "s p]sonal exp]i5ce1 & gladly accept$ an invitation to see ! lady ref]r$ to1 at ! h\se ( a ne> relative4 ,!re 7 _m pres5t1 & be=e ! meet+ =mally began1 ,i obta9$ p]mission to take notes 9 writ+ ( :at pass$4 ,! fir/ und]tak+ 0 t we %\ld be told :at two ( our numb] 7 do+ 9 a d>k room bel[ /airs4 ,i 0 "o ( ! two1 & we /ood ) "o h& ^u ! o!r's %\ld]1 & ! loose h&s 7 held out horizontally4 ,"o leg ( ea* 0 re/+ on ! tabla ,! lady report$ u z sitt+ toge!r on a s(a4 ,h] husb& expla9$ away ! failure by say+ t !re 0 a mirror 9 ! room6 ,z !re 0 a look+-glass 9 e ap>tm5t 9 ! h\se1 my fri5d & ,i took our position on ! /airs2 & on ?is occasion we lay d[n at full l5g? heads d[nw>ds4 ,! clairvoyant said t we 7 arm 9 arm talk+4 ,aft] ?is second failure1 ,i 0 ask$ to take ! lady's h& 9 m9e1 & ?9k deeply ( "s place :i* %e w\ld !n describe to me4 ,i mu/ "h pause to notice ! condition ref]r$ to4 ,my m9d 0 to be absorb$ 9 :at ,i requir$ to be describ$--if ,i all[$ my ?\ghts to w&]1 ,i 0 told t ! woman w\ld be confus$1 & h] p]=mance a failure4 ,?is involv$ ! idea t ,i 0 n to criticise1 z ! affair proce$$1 b to make "o ?+ squ>e ) ano!r1 if ,i c\ld4 ,my "p 0 c>efully po9t$ out1 b no?+ came ( x4 ,i !n gave a possible clue1 :i* 0 foll[$ up1 & ) "s surprise ,i f\nd ! woman describe :at ,i 0 really ?9k+ ab\t4 ,b ! repetition ( a phrase /ruck ^u my e>--x 0 ?is1 ,i see a lot ( ?+s go+ back & ='rads1 & ,i f\nd t ,i _h int]pret$ ?is z m51 wom51 s*oolboys1 horses1 palisades1 trees1 cloi/]s1 h\ses1 & coa*es6 ,aft] my retirem5t an eld]ly man grasp$ ! h&1 & ,i ) p5cil took d[n ! words ! woman us$1 ) ! int5tion ( ask+ c]ta9 outsid]s next day if ! t]ms convey$ to !m any di/9ct idea4 ,i f\nd ! fav\rite s5t5ce ref]r$ to came s (t51 t ,i m]ely left = ! words a space ) t4 b4 f41 to %[ :]e ! phrase occurr$4 ,!re 7 f> m spaces 9 my manuscript ?an words4 ,b ! old g5tleman 0 satisfi$1 & s 0 8 son :o 0 pres5t4 ,x _h be5 agre$ betwe5 !m t ! clairvoyant 0 to describe _! h\se--bo? 7 satisfi$ t %e _h2 b "o 0 ?9k+ ( ! t[n & ! o!r ( ! c\ntry h\se6 ,dur+ ! talk1 ! woman1 e "t %e utt]$ a s5t5ce1 said1 ,am ,i "r8 & :5 told t %e 0 wrong1 %e adroitly *ang$ h] /atem5t4 ,e exp]im5t t night 0 a failure1 & to "s ( u :o 7 sceptics our ho/ rem>k$--,h[ is x t :5 y expect ! mo/1 ev]y?+ goes wrong8 ,to ?is my reply 0--,:5 d\bt]s are pres5t y scan evid5ce clos] ?an :5 y are all believ]s toge!r4 ,:5 once ,i 0 kn[n z a pyrrhoni/1 ,i 0 invit$ to see ev]ybody :o 0 reg>d$ by o!rs z extraord9>ily p]fect 9 clairvoyance2 & 0 a/oni%$ to f9d out h[ ignorant ! believ]s 7 ( ! laws ( evid5ce4 ,aft] a "t clairvoyance 0 replac$ by spiritualism1 & ,i 0 aga9 *all5g$ to te/ ! virtue ( m$iums4 ,z my avocations :olly prev5t$ my p]sonal att5dance1 ,i *all5g$ c]ta9 ( ! fai?ful to describe my libr>y1 say+ t ,i %\ld n be cont5t ) be+ told t !re 7 w9d[s & a door1 a fireplace & a *air1 a table & an ink/&1 c41 b t ,i _h some?+ v peculi> 9 x1 ! l ( :i* ,i _h nev] se5 be=e--if ?is 7 describ$1 ,i %\ld fancy t ! spirits knew some?+4 ,b ,i add$1 s long z spirits only did ?+s :i* conjurors1 pre/idigitateurs1 et hoc g5us omne1 did1 ,i %\ld decl9e to believe t spirits 7 corporeal1 & t ,grecian /atesm51 ,lat9 orators1 & ,sanscrit !ologians 7 famili> ) ! ,engli% language4 ,x mu/ be emphatically /at$ t a man mu/ n attribute ev]y?+1 ( :i* he kn[s little1 to a p[] ( :i* he kn[s less4 ,no "o c tell :y an ord9>y tree gr[s upw>ds1 :il/ a few peculi> ones gr[1 aft] a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! life1 d[nw>ds2 & if any "o 7 to decl>e t ! fir/ 7 influ5c$ by ! _s ( an unicorn1 & ! second by ! _s ( a c['s tail1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z a fool4 ,n mu* wis] w\ld he be1 :o1 :5 he he>d a knock ( "s k9d or o!r1 ass]t$ or believ$ t x came f ! angel ( night--! well-kn[n ,nox4 ,! untutor$ savage1 :5 fir/ he sees a wat*1 _c tell h[ x goes--if he says t he is ignorant1 we may respect him2 b if he decl>es t a _s moves x1 we despise 8 cr$ulity4 ,! polite circles ( civiliz$ cities :o attribute ! absurd cap]s ( tamb\r9es1 conc]t9as1 tables1 & ! l to ! vivacity ( ! gho/s ( defunct philosoph]s1 & :o ?9k t x requires ! %ade ( ,v5us to tell u1 t fem99e wom5 are m graceful ?an mascul9e hoyd5s1 are n mu* sup]ior to ! natural savage4 ,^! rem>ks may be supplem5t$ by ! exp]i5ces imp>t$ to me by sev]al p]sonal fri5ds2 =1 z x seems to me1 ea* "o has 8 own way 9 look+ at ?+s1 & has1 s to speak1 an idiosyncrasy 9 belief & scepticism4 ,"o man1 = example1 inquires ,h[ is x t if ,i prop\nd to a spirituali/1 to an arti/ ) 'plan*ette1' or any o!r p]son :o pr(esses clairvoyance--a "q1 ?r\gh a fri5d :o does n "k ! answ]1 ,i nev] get a correct reply2 b if ,i prop\nd ! same "q ! response is always "r8 ,9 ?is case x is cle> t ! inquir] answ]s himself--n witt+ly1 x is true2 b1 by means ( a slight hesitation "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 he gives to ! adroit pr(essor ! ne$ful clue4 ,h[ f> ?is is true has be5 repeat$ly prov$ by ^? :o h made ! spirits say any?+--,:]e is my si/]8 su* an "o asks1 & by ! alphabet & raps he he>s t %e is 9 ,muni*2 b z ! inquir] nev] _h a si/]1 ! spirits h cle>ly be5 dup$4 ,"o ( my fri5ds1 ord9>ily a ?or\gh sceptic1 0 conv]t$ to ! belief t "o ( 8 h&s 0 positively & ! o!r negatively magnetic1 & he %[$ me h[ he turn$1 by _! means1 a book susp5d$ betwe5 u ^u a door key f9ely ti$ )9 ! leaves4 ,b :5 ,i %[$ him t ?is 0 done by a movem5t ( ! body1 & c\ld n be done if bo? h&s employ$ 7 fix$ ^u any?+--he 0 conv9c$ t :at seem$ due to "o ?+ dep5d$1 9 reality1 ^u ano!r4 ,yet t man 0 an acute & able *emical analy/4 ,h[ ! late ,dr ,f>aday conv9c$ table turn]s t !y did1 unconsci\sly1 t :i* !y wi%$1 b det]m9$ n to d1 w long be rememb]$ z a m>vel ( philosophical induction4 ,we all h n ! faculty ( analyz+ evid5ce1 & x w\ld be well if ^? :o are defici5t 9 t p[] w\ld be less bigot$ ?an !y are4 ,we c sc>cely expect x1 h[ev]1 = ignorance & arrogance usually walk toge!r2 & no man is m conv9c$ ( 8 k ?an ! "o :o takes x at second h&1 & believes :at he is told4 ,! fai?ful swall[ squid1 & become a mass ( blubb]2 ! sceptics fe$ on solid fle%1 & are ?9 z tig]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,recon/ructive4 ,fai? & reason4 ,result ( previ\s inve/igations4 ,value ( morality4 ,morality & ,romanism4 ,vice enc\rag$ by prie/s--end 9 view4 ,submission to prie/s m valuable ?an virtue4 ,vice bett] ?an scepticism4 ,!ological false witness4 ,compulsory fai?4 ,supply )\t dem&--9 !ology4 ,correctness ( doctr9e prov$ by ! sword4 ,*ur* & /ate 9 mod]n times4 ,n]ve requir$ to *ange a belief4 ,moral c\rage4 ,:at is fai?8 ,absurd def9ition giv5 by ,paul4 ,fai? mu/ be uncompromis+4 ,:y fai? signifies bl9d confid5ce4 ,fai? & folly g h& 9 h&4 ,fai? makes fools4 ,jesuits & fai?4 ,pop]y & fai?4 ,fai? p]secutes reason4 ,all religi\s tea*]s uphold fai?--! reason :y4 ,quiet aft] activity4 ,! "o :o p>tly abjures fai? resembles a m>9] at sea4 ,fai? & reason incompatible4 ,! au?or's p]sonal belief3 ,negative--positive4 ,op9ions on v>i\s receiv$ dogmas4 ,laws ( ,nature4 ,provid5ce4 ,! ,book ( ,god 9 ! univ]se4 ,s9--! ideas connect$ ) *ildr5 & :elps4 ,human & animal in/9cts4 ,religi\s laws aga9/ ,god's4 ,pi\s murd]4 ,:5 crimes are praisewor?y4 ,human laws & ecclesia/ical4 ,effect on common law ( prie/ly legislation4 ,ecclesia/ical laws g5]ally bad ones4 ,! ,*ur* makes s9s2 s does society4 ,a case suppos$4 ,society contrav5es ! laws ( ,nature4 ,! prop] basis ( legislation4 ,p]sonal impressions4 ,duty ! guide ( conduct4 ,conclusions4 ,importance ( !m4 ,reason gives peace ( m9d4 ,fe>s ( ! or?odox4 ,reason may reg5]ate ! _w2 ,fai? does n4 ,ano!r way ( treat+ ! subject ,mr ,glad/one ^u education4 ,opposes dread ( results to desire ( le>n+4 ,glad/one & ,/rauss4 ,v>i\s oracles4 ,ox=d graduates r>ely philosophic4 ,"l ,bacon's aphorisms4 ,sci5ce ob/ruct$ by human weaknesses4 ,progress ( sci5ce b>r$ by ecclesia/ics4 ,religion & despotism4 ,! man :o sc\ts induction is a bigot4 ,revelation requires exposition4 ,?ree sets ( exp\nd]s--all diff]4 ,:i* mu/ ! fai?ful foll[8 ,popi% miracles claim cr$5ce f ! fai?ful4 ,he :o argues mu/ be logical4 ,c a bigot be a lib]al8 ,if le>n+ is valuable1 x mu/ h free scope4 ,*oice propos$--fai? or reason8 ,m5 ( m>k :o %un religi\s inquiry4 ,f>aday & ,glad/one4 ,influ5ce ( fai?1 or reason1 on ! cl]gy4 ,examples4 ,an objection notic$4 ,reason useless 9 matt]s ( fai?--its absurdity demon/rat$4 ,x is n[ "t to ent] ^u :at has1 ?r\gh\t ! composition ( ! prec$+ essays1 be5 con/antly pres5t to my m9d1 viz41 recon/ruction4 ,9 ! two l>g] volumes1 & 9 ?is small "o1 x has be5 my aim to cle> away ! f\l rags :i* h1 = _m ?\s& ye>s1 be5 heap$ ^u ! lovely figure ( tru?--to endeav\r to remove ! m]etrici\s1 or rubbi%y1 con/ructions t design+ m5 h build$ r\nd ! magnific5t /ructure ( ,god's univ]se4 ,i h1 9 my own op9ion1 demon/rat$ t ! ,jews h no real claim to be reg>d$ z ,jehovah's *os5 p1 & t _! writ+s pres5t no m>ks ( hav+ be5 inspir$ or reveal$--t1 on ! contr>y1 !re are pro(s to %[ t a l>ge portion ( _! ,scriptures are wor?less fabrications1 contriv$ by imp]fectly educat$ m51 = a political purpose1 or to fo/] vanity4 ,9 our exam9ation into ! "* ( ! ,hebrew ,god1 & ( ^? individuals said to be 8 special fri5ds & mess5g]s1 z giv5 9 ! ,bible1 we f\nd evid5ce to %[ t ! hi/orians 7 a semi-civiliz$1 s5sual1 & malignant race1 ^: ignorance 0 only surpass$ by _! arrogance4 ,x has be5 fur!r %[n1 t e portion ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures :i* mod]n ,*ri/ians h adopt$ into _! own religion1 came to ! s-call$ *os5 p f ^? :om !y1 & _m among/ ourselves1 designate hea!n4 ,we h1 /ill fur!r1 %[n ! almo/ absolute id5tity betwe5 ! curr5t ,*ri/ian fai? & t orig9at$ by ,sakya ,muni1 :i* /ill reigns 9 ,?ibet1 ,t>t>y1 ,*9a1 ,ceylon1 ,japan1 & else:]e4 ,we h demon/rat$ t a high grade ( civilization1 & a =m ( gov]nm5t m pat]nal & provid5t ?an any :i* ! old _w knew1 exi/$ 9 ,p]u1 )\t ! smalle/ evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity or ,mosaism hav+ ev] exi/$ !re4 ,we h1 9 addition1 %[n t ! miracul\s conception ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y is n1 by any means1 z great a m>vel z x is g5]ally suppos$ to be1 su* an occurr5ce be+ z common to-day z x 0 f ! beg9n+1 & z x probably ev] w be4 ,by a simil> inquiry we c\ld readily h prov$ t ! asc5sion ( ,jesus 0 n at all unique1 inasmu* z great m5 ( old 7 9 ! habit ( ris+ aft] _! decease1 & mak+ _! dwell+ 9 ! heav5 above--e4g41 ,romulus4 ,we h1 /ill fur!r1 demon/rat$ t ! mod]n belief 9 an angelic ho/ has no?+ 9 x peculi> to ,bible ,*ri/ians & mod]n ,jews1 & t our notion ( a resurrection ( ! body is n exclusively a portion ( ! ,*ri/ian's cre$1 b t x 0 held1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 m or less di/9ct1 by ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans1 & ! di/ant ,japanese4 ,9 f9e1 we h done mu* to sweep away ! major "p ( ! religi\s doctr9es & dogmas :i* are preval5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w44 ,our writ+ hi!rto has be5 ess5tially iconocla/ic4 ,b1 among/ all ! idols :i* we h attempt$ to ?r[ d[n1 we h n1 9 any in/ance1 ?reat5$ morality4 ,we take no cr$it = =be>ance1 b we po9t to ! fact1 inasmu* z :5ev] opposite religioni/s cont5d ab\t _! t5ets1 !y nev] lay viol5t h&s ^u morality4 ,!y may abuse ! practice ( _! oppon5ts1 & hold up ! imag9>y vices ( _! enemy to execration1 b real goodness 9 ! "w ( life is ev] respect$499 99 ,i am1 h[ev]1 some:at 9 d\bt :e!r ! ,roman ,*ur* des]ves ! eulogy "h giv5 to o!r bodies4 ,9 my read+ ( hi/ory1 especially 9 :at are call$ ! ,d>k ,ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,papal au?orities w9k$ at crimes aga9/ morality1 s long z ! s9n]s paid due def]5ce to ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & bl$ freely1 by p\r+ l&s1 treasures1 & weal? ( all k9ds into ! prie/ly treasury4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,popes is writt5 almo/ ev]y:]e 9 blood4 ,murd]1 assass9ation1 & spoliation 7 common weapons 9 _! h&s1 & rape & robb]y 7 condon$ easily to ^? :o 7 p[]ful & active slaves ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z soon z ! ,popes ( ,rome 7 free f p]secution & dang]1 !y1 9 _! turn1 us$ ! arts ( ! tyrants ( old1 & s\ght = political supremacy by p&]+ to all ! passions ( k+s & great m5--if1 by t means1 !y c\ld make !m fri5dly4 ,up to )9 a v %ort p]iod !re has n be5 a ,*ri/ian despot1 or a ,pope1 :o has n puni%$ political crimes m sev]ely ?an (f5ces aga9/ morality4 ,yet1 ) all ! fe>ful practices adopt$ by ,romani/s1 !y h ev] _h 9 _! mon?s exhortations to propriety & p]sonal purity--_! words h be5 peaceful1 :il/ w> ( ! mo/ malignant type has be5 9 _! he>ts4 ,:at !y h practis$1 h[ev]1 !y h accus$ _! adv]s>ies ( hav+ prea*$4 ,x may also be object$ t "s small sects 9 mod]n days h really prea*$ ! doctr9es ( free love1 & lic5se 9 s5suality2 b ( ^! x w\ld be unpr(itable to disc\rse4 ,! p :o jo9 9 promulgat+ su* doctr9es are bel[ contempt4 ,:5 controv]siali/s f9d t !y h "o subject ^u :i* !y c all ( !m cordially unite1 ! philosoph] w\ld expect t !y w\ld /udy to develope x1 &1 = t purpose1 place x 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,b ?is is f> f _! practice4 ,! m9i/]s ( e d5om9ation1 on ! contr>y1 place morality f> beh9d doctr9e--^? ( ! ,prote/ant sect1 = example1 decl>e good works to be ess5tially valueless )\t fai?1 & our pulpits teem ) disc\rses :i* demon/rate ! enorm\s sup]iority ( a bl9d belief1 9 doctr9e & dogma1 ov] an intellig5t morality1 irrespective ( cre$4 ,9 ?is prop5sity our prea*]s d n /& alone1 =1 9 e in/ance :]e hi/ory has l$ u to inquire into ?is po9t1 we f9d t submission to prie/ly rule has be5 reg>d$ z m praisewor?y ?an virtue4 ,:5 ,israel slew ! ,midianites !re 0 no app>5t diff]5ce betwe5 ! morals ( ! two p4 ,bo? 7 equally bad or good2 b su* z !y 71 _! de$s 7 sanction$ by diff]5t gods2 & :il/ ! ,jews 7 "r1 _! oppon5ts 7 wrong4 ,:5 ! ,crusad]s attack$ ! ,s>ac5s1 !re c be little1 if any1 d\bt t ! wor? ( ! latt] f> exce$$ t ( ! =m]2 b z _! fai? diff]$1 ! practice 0 ( no consequ5ce 9 ! eyes ( ! invad]s1 & he :o di$ 9 fight+ = 8 c\ntry 0 execrat$ by ! robb]s1 :o desir$ to /eal x4 ,if1 f a comp>atively di/ant pa/1 we approa* ne>] to our own times1 !re is abundance ( te/imony to prove t ! excell5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,prote/ants 0 sup]ior to t ( ! ,papal prie/s & _! foll[]s 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 b ?is 0 ( no avail--! good 7 p]secut$ by ! bad1 because !y 7 good only 9 de$s & n 9 doctr9e--! la/ be+ upheld by ! bigots :o p]secut$ !m4 ,we may all see precisely ! same ph5om5on 9 our own day4 ,^? :o are call$ ,unit>ians1 & ! va/ majority ( ^? :o are designat$ a!i/s are1 9 proportion to _! numb]s1 f> m moral ?an ^? :o are g5]ically describ$ z ,*ri/ians2 b _! integrity 9 e relation ( life does n prev5t _! be+ abus$ & p]secut$1 by p>sons 9 ! e/abli%m5t1 by e means available 9 a free c\ntry1 & among/ ! weapons us$1 ! mo/ common are sl&] & false witness4 ,on inquiry into its orig91 we f9d at ! root ( ?is av]sion to recognize probity z ! mo/ important item ( religion1 ! und\bt$ fact t ! upright1 ?\ghtful man requires no o!r p]son to help him z a prie/ or a m$iator betwe5 him & ! ,creator4 ,to possess a doctr9e !re mu/ be "s "o to tea* x1 & ! dem& begets a supply4 ,b ?\gh ! la/ aphorism is true 9 comm]ce1 x is n by any means univ]sally s1 = _m an inv5tor ( goods has to =ce a supply1 ere any dem& = 8 article c arise4 ,x is c]ta9ly s 9 ,e?ics4 ,! ,jews made no reque/ to ,moses = a new religion :5 he (f]$ to lead !m2 !y soon became we>y ( him1 & want$ to g back to ,egypt4 ,jesus con/ra9$ 8 fir/ foll[]s to accept a salvation ( :i* !y did n feel ! ne$1 & ,mahomet compell$1 at ! sword's po9t1 8 victims to accept t :i* !y dete/$4 ,9 ^! in/ances !re 0 no want to be met1 except on ! "p ( individuals :o desir$ to obta9 p]sonal influ5ce4 ,9 religion ! laws ( supply & dem& h only exceptional sway1 = ea* individual prie/ or m9i/] may1 accord+ z he pleases1 elect to provide = kn[n desires1 or to inaugurate a new set ( requirem5ts4 ,b :e!r he does "o or ! o!r he is cle>ly an oppon5t to1 & frequ5tly dislik$ by1 any "o :o refuses all mann] ( traffic 9 spiritual affairs4 ,he is !n practically 9 ! same condition z ! ,engli% gov]nm5t 0 9 :5 ! ,*9am5 refus$ to take ! opium :i* !y _h be5 receiv+ = _m ye>s be=e2 &1 l x1 he mu/ endeav\r to en=ce 8 wi%es by w>4 ,b ! p>son does n fight ) cannon & gunp[d]1 = he assumes ! p[] to wield weapons ( f> great] importance--viz41 ! p[] to torture aft] dea? all 8 adv]s>ies4 ,believe me1 run 8 words1 & y %all be sav$ f hell fire2 reject my message1 & y %all be burn$ 9 ev]la/+ flames6 ,:5 bellig]5t k+s g to battle1 !y d n g alone & fight s+le-h&$ = _! cause2 on ! contr>y1 !y enli/ ^u _! side e man :om !y c influ5ce or compel2 nor d !y c>e1 s long z ! troops obey ord]s1 :at _! private ?\ghts are2 probably few ,*9ese :o f\ght ! ,briti% 7 n opium consum]s1 & few ,engli% c>$ = ! drug at all4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 prie/s diff] among !mselves1 !y d n meet 9 wordy t\rnam5ts1 b !y enli/ on _! respective sides ev]ybody :om simil>ity 9 sup]/ition1 int]e/1 or any o!r motive induces to jo9 _! /&>d4 ,:5 an issue is jo9$1 ! result is gov]n$ by =ce ( arms1 arts1 or numb]s1 z ! case maybe4 ,?us1 9 ! la/ resort1 ! correctness ( a doctr9e is1 z we h frequ5tly rem>k$ 9 previ\s pages1 prov$ by !ws & s9ews--n by bra9s4 ,s long z ! ,pagans 7 num]ically sup]ior to ,*ri/ians1 ! latt] 7 h]etics & victims2 b :5 ! disciples ( ,jesus 7 actually ! /ronge/1 !y became sudd5ly ! or?odox1 & ! poor ,pagans ! damn$4 ,9 lat] times ,prote/antism ass]t$ its fai? by ! pr[ess ( ,cromwell's ironsides 9 ,engl& & ,irel&2 9 l mann] ! ,cov5ant]s ( ,scotl& prov$1 by ! might ( _! swords1 ,presbyt]ianism to be sup]ior to ,episcopal gov]nm5t4 ,by d9t ( ,saxon might1 ,irel& 0 long politically at "o ) ,great ,brita92 n[ by h] numb]s %e is alli$ to ! ,vatican4 ,! well-read politician w see t a conte/ simil> to ^? ?us indicat$ is go+ on almo/ all ov] ,europe4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 9 ,france1 ,prussia1 ,au/ria1 & ,italy--ev5 9 ! once bigot$ ,spa91 prie/ly p>ties are /riv+ = supremacy ov] ! p>ty ( rational ord] & philosophical gov]nm5t4 ,! "q at issue is by no means d\btful--x is "o :i* has be5 agitat$ = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 b t has nev] assum$ l>ge proportions 9 consequ5ce ( g5]al ignorance & consequ5t apa?y4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 innum]able *ampions on ! "o side h ris51 f\ght1 & di$1 ov]p[]$ by ! numb]s-rang$ aga9/ !m2 b1 z p]secution is said to be ! se$ ( or?odoxy1 s ^! m5 & _! writ+s h1 by dissem9ation ?r\gh ! press1 & ! effect ( increas$ education 9 ! languages ( ,europe1 gradually rais$ s l>ge a p>ty1 z to be able to cont5d ) "s *ances ( success4 ,x w be se5 t ! "q to :i* ,i ref] is ?is--,%all m5 & /ates be gov]n$ by fai?8 9 o!r words1 by ! hi]>*y ( ! mo/ num]\s section ( ! community--or by reason--i4e41 by ! good s5se ( ! majority8 ,9 ,au/ria & 9 ,italy ?is issue has cle>ly be5 tri$1 & 9 bo? in/ances ! prie/hood has be5 oblig$ to accept a second>y position4 ,9 ,prussia ! same mom5t\s po9t is be+ tri$ ) e *ance ( ! sac]dotal p>ty be+ wor/$4 ,9 ! ,briti% k+dom religion has long be5 reg>d$ z subord9ate to /ate policy2 nev]!less !re is yet a /rong p>ty :o desires to r$uce h] inhabitants to cl]ical bondage4 ,if all ! individuals compos+ ?is section ( ! community 7 unit$1 !y w\ld prevail by _! numb]s2 b1 z ! aggressive army is compos$ ( troops :o be> an almo/ deadly hate aga9/ ea* o!r1 small dang] is to be anticipat$ f !m4 ,! ,rituali/ & ,roman ,ca?olic might unite toge!r2 b ^! w\ld n /& %\ld] to %\ld] ) ! ,wesleyan1 ,bapti/1 & ,l[ ,*ur*man4 ,al?\gh all equally dete/ ^? :o say p>sons are n want$1 sects w n ally !mselves1 le/1 if e "o 7 to be compell$ to select a =m ( fai?1 ! compulsory decree might augm5t ! numb]s foll[+ "s adv]s>y4 ,we h ?us plac$ be=e our read]s :at we believe is ! fir/ article :i* has to be consid]$ 9 ,recon/ruction4 ,we h to ask ourselves :e!r we %\ld enli/ ourselves "u ! bann] ( fai?1 & endeav\r to add "o =m ( religion to ^? already exi/+2 or1 :e!r we %\ld jo9 ! bann] ( reason1 & repudiate all doctr9es1 dogmas1 cr$5ces1 & ! l1 :i* are (f5sive to common s5se4 ,we may fairly p>ody ! words ( ! my?ical ,eli%a1 & say to ourselves--,*oose ye ?is day :om ye w s]ve2 if fai? suits y\r indol5ce1 !n hug y\r *a9s2 if y pref] reason1 gird up ! lo9s ( y\r m9d1 & metaphorically kill ! prie/s ( ,rite4 ,ere1 h[ev]1 we c reasonably expect ^? :o h hi!rto be5 inconsid]ate to make _! selection ( /&>d be>]s1 x is desirable to say some?+ ( ! two4 ,9 lim9e we mu/ obs]ve t we d n believe t ! *oice w be det]m9$ by ! head alone1 = !re are _m ^: arms are1 s to speak1 p>alyz$ by a con/itutional peculi>ity4 ,a h]o 9 8 /udy has (t5 prov$ a poltroon 9 ! field ( battle4 ,i may po9t ! moral by quot+ f memory a /ory 9 ,addison's ,spectator--,a ,b is a h5-peck$ husb&2 he kn[s x1 & bewails 8 ?raldom2 he consults ,c ,d1 :o sympa?ises ) 8 case1 increases 8 dete/ation = ! home tyranny1 & tells him h[ to break ! *a9s4 ,a ,b1 full ( resolution1 tries ! plan recomm5d$1 b breaks d[n at once4 ,! moral is1 t ^? :o are born to s]ve1 or are too weak-m9d$ to ass]t _! indep5d5ce1 _h bett] submit to be rul$--ev5 if ! tyrant be a woman1 ?an try to ga9 peace by conflict4 ,into ?is /ory ,i fully ent]1 = ,i "k1 f exp]i5ce1 h[ mu* n]ve is requir$ = any "o to *ange 8 or h] relative position4 ,! moral c\rage ( :i* ,i speak1 is "o t dom9ates ov] con/itutional %yness & fe>2 x diff]s f ! boldness ( a soldi]1 & ! da% ( ! bea/ ( prey2 x is n a simple m5tal ass5t2 b x is a motive :i*1 aft] be+ once plac$1 becomes a ma9spr+ ( life4 ,to adopt ,fai? z a guide1 is to g ?r\gh life easily--s long z ?\ght c be s5t to sleep4 ,to adopt ,reason1 is to prev5t ?\ght ev] slumb]+1 & to live ! happi] ! m /eadily t ! m9d is wat*ful ,9 few words1 ,fai? is a quack doctor1 ,reason a physician4 ,! fir/ w always h ! mo/ admir]s4 ,)\t fur!r preface1 let u inquire :at ,fai? really is8 ,?is is a "q ) :i* ,i h be5 famili> s9ce my *ildhood1 & ! answ] (f]$ to me = adoption 0--,x is ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se5 7,heb4 xi4 #a74 ,?is reply has nev] sugge/$ any di/9ct idea to me1 & ,i am confid5t t ! au?or ( ,hebrews _h n a def9ite mean+ 9 8 own m9d :5 he wrote ! words4 ,! context %[s t ! ^w --,greek-- is us$ to signify di/9ct /ates ( m9d1 & "o example1 :i* is giv5 frequ5tly1 indicates a diff]5t signification f ano!r t prec$es or foll[s4 ,= example1 9 v4 #e we are told t ,eno* 0 translat$ by fai?2 b ! only evid5ce = ?is is1 t he pleas$ ,god2 :]eas1 9 v]se #aa1 we are told t ,s>ah1 :o laugh$ at ! idea ( hav+ (fspr+1 & disbeliev$ ! promise :i* said t %e %\ld h a son1 conceiv$ ?r\gh fai?4 ,/ill fur!r1 ! false hi/ory ( ! *apt] disgu/$ me--e4g41 we read 9 w4 #bd1 #be1 #bg1 t ,moses by fai? elect$ to be> affliction ) ! p ( ,god1 & f ! same cause =sook ,egypt1 n fe>+ ! wra? ( ! k+1 c4--bo? ( :i* /atem5ts are untrue1 = he ran away bo? f ! afflictions ( ! ,hebrews & ! wra? ( ! mon>*1 & requir$ press+ be=e he w\ld leave 8 retreat 9 ,midian4 ,i reg>d ! *apt] ?us ref]r$ to z "o ( ! great /umbl+ blocks ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,its logic is contemptible2 yet x mu/ pass = tru?1 because ,paul is ?\ght to h writt5 x4 ,be+ n[ ?r[n back ^u our own res\rces = a def9ition ( fai?1 we affirm t x signifies uncompromis+ belief 9 :at "o is told4 ,e religi\s book :i* occupies itself ) ?is subject illu/rates ! ^w 9 "q by affirm+ t x resembles ! motive :i* actuates a *ild :o1 at a fa!r's bidd+2 leaps f a height ^u ! promise t papa w cat* him 9 8 arms4 ,?\gh1 z a rule1 ,i am dis9cl9$ to use adjectives1 ,i h add$ ! ^w 9 italics1 because x is a mat]ial "p ( ! def9ition1 & involves m ?an at fir/ sight appe>s4 ,pet] tri$ to walk ^u ! wat]--he d\bt$1 & began to s9k4 ,he has be5 imitat$ by o!rs2 !y h all fail$4 ,doctor1 a man may say1 c ,i swall[ ?is )\t be+ *ok$8 ,yes1 if y ?9k y c4 ,he tries to swall[ ! morsel1 & is *ok$4 ,! result 9 e case is attribut$ to a want ( fai?4 ,9 o!r words1 hesitation _c effect :at confid5ce c4 ,consequ5tly we are ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t fai? & d\bt are absolutely incompatible4 ,fai? implies an absolute & p]fect confid5ce4 ,?is fai? may be compulsory--z :5 a %ipma/] is oblig$ by local law to give up ! managem5t ( 8 %ip to a pilot2 or x may be spontane\s1 z :5 a pati5t tru/s himself to a surgeon4 ,= a man only to give a half confid5ce1 is to cripple to t ext5t ! capacity ( ! "o :o is responsible4 ,religi\s fai?1 !n1 involves ! necessity ( an absolute & bl9d confid5ce 9 ! prie/ly pilot select$ z a conductor ?r\gh life to et]nity2 x precludes inquiry1 disc\rages ?\ght ^u ! mo/ important matt] :i* e man has to consid]1 & makes ( a rational be+ an intellectual slave4 ,9 few words1 x r$uces its vot>y to ! position ( a tool1 & r5d]s him1 s f> z religion is conc]n$1 m5tally bl9d4 ,we recognize ! accuracy ( our d$uctions :5 we f9d t ! aim ( ! ,roman *ur* has be5 to r$uce m5 to ! condition "h describ$1 & !n to use !m z c>p5t]s d planes1 *isels1 & axes4 ,x is probable t !re nev] exi/$ 9 ! _w an ord] ( m5 :o h s completely r$uc$ !mselves1 & volunt>ily too1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 to ! position ( a ma*9e1 z ! ,jesuits h done4 ,!y are an in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( _! sup]iors1 & !y bl9dly obey4 ,:e!r ! ord] exi/s = good or h>m1 x is n my purpose to discuss4 ,next 9 ord] to ! society ( ,jesus comes ! gigantic society kn[n z ! ,papacy1 or ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,i place ?is z second to ,jesuitry1 because1 = a long p]iod1 !re 0 a c]ta9 fre$om ( op9ion all[$ to ! sup]ior cl]gy4 ,b n[1 :5 x has become a t5et ( ! *ur* ( ,rome1 t its head is absolutely infallible 9 all matt]s ( dogma & doctr9e1 x is probable t ! dem& ( fai? f ! laity may equal1 if n exce$1 t made ^u pr(ess$ ,jesuits4 ,9 religion1 ! only place 9 :i* uncompromis+ fai? f9ds its home1 is ! ,papal4 ,t dem&s unlimit$ belief 9 ev]y?+ ecclesia/ically promulgat$1 hatr$ ( ev]y?+ dogmatically condemn$1 & acquiesc5ce 9 e sac]dotal comm&4 ,among/ t sect1 d\bt+ is an (f5ce1 & opposition is a crime4 ,we h se5 ?is illu/rat$ 9 ! p]son ( ! le>n$ ,bi%op ,doell+]1 :o has be5 excommunicat$ simply because he refus$ to accept ! new fangl$ notions ( an almo/ effete old pope4 ,he _c see any?+ 9 a mod]n c\ncil to sup]s$e apo/olic traditions2 he d\bts2 !re=e ! ,papali/s d ev]y?+ 9 _! p[] to damn him4 ,9 l mann]1 al?\gh prior 9 "t to ! decl>ation ( ! ,pope's infallibility1 we h se5 ! pres5t k+ ( ,italy excommunicat$2 because he1 z ! head ( 8 own dom9ions1 ord]$ a decree to be c>ri$ into effect :i*1 :il/ x 0 good = ! p g5]ally1 0 reg>d$ z ho/ile to ! *ur*4 ,! obs]v] ne$ n1 h[ev]1 g f> f home 9 se>* ( illu/rations1 = e ye> sees "o or ano!r ,prote/ant m9i/] leav+ ! ,anglican = ! ,roman communion1 on ! sole gr\nd t 9 ! latt] !re is no room = doctr9al d\bts & conte/s4 ,to ! laity1 ! v repose ( ! religi\s m9d is held out z a bait by ,papal mission>ies1 & x is probably "o ( ! mo/ successful :i* ! fi%]s ( m5 employ4 ,i once he>d a bro!r physician express 8 op9ion on ?is po9t4 ,conv]sation _h turn$ ^u a confr]e :o _h be5 9 religi\s matt]s ev]y?+ by turns1 & no?+ long4 ,ah1 said ! ,romani/1 he'll be tir$ ( roam+ "s day1 & f9d repose at la/ 9 ! bosom ( ! *ur*2 8 s\l w !n be at re/1 & w w&] no m4 ,! possibility ( ,prote/ants ent]ta9+ a d\bt ^u ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* to dem& unlimit$ belief & ob$i5ce f ! fai?ful1 is a sore ?orn 9 ! side ( _m dignit>ies ( ! national cre$4 ,z ?is prop5sity to inquiry is an ess5tial "p ( ! legacy bequea!d to ,engli%m5 by ! re=mation1 ?is la/ movem5t has be5 execrat$ by "s ( our ,high ,*ur*m54 ,x is ass]t$1 t1 z ! tak+ ( ! ,bible = ! sole rule ( fai? has be5 foll[$ by a great splitt+ up ( ! s-call$ ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 s x is advisable to *ange ! /&>d1 & to adopt t ( ,ecclesia/ics p]sonally or collectively4 ,9 any case1 su* advocates desire to re-e/abli% ! reign ( fai?4 ,:at ! ,reign ( ,fai? has be5 9 ,europe1 x w\ld be idle to describe4 ,z soon z ! m9d ( an individual revolts f giv+ implicit fai? to any cre$1 doctr9e1 or dogma1 he mu/ be reg>d$ z a m>9] :o1 be+ n q cont5t$ ) 8 own c\ntry1 endeav\rs to f9d a bett]4 ,9 8 voyage he fir/ leaves ! %ore z a fl$gl+ does ! ne/--he goes a %ort excursion1 & returns2 aft] a "t he becomes m brave1 & puts (f m boldly4 ,at fir/ he probably f9ds a numb] ( o!r b>ques z v5tur\s z 8 own1 & he becomes embold5$2 x may be 8 arms are /rong1 8 head cle>1 & 8 boat good2 & he /e]s into ! (f+4 ,no soon] does he leave ! h]d1 h[ev]1 ?an he is *as$1 & if he refuses to put back1 curses foll[ him2 & ! fri5ds :om once he _h are condol$ )4 ,su* is ! position ( a ,prote/ant :o dep>ts s]i\sly f ! religion ( ! majority4 ,) or among/ ! ,romani/s to leave ! %ore is an act ( disbelief :i* mu/ be aton$ = by p5ance or puni%m5t4 ,x is cle> t e su* individual :o1 l a *ick1 leaves ! %elt] ( ! mat]nal w+s1 mu/ be m or less at sea4 ,he or %e may h no idea ( go+ v f>1 yet may be compell$ to sail on until he has rea*$ ! o!r side ( ,d\bt+ ,/raits1 & has l&$ 9 ! realm ( ,reason4 ,we c well conceive ! wat]s to be cov]$ by small craft1 :i* keep toge!r = company's sake1 or :o boldly sail out & solicit foll[]s--"s clu/]1 x may be1 r\nd a /ately galleon1 o!rs sail ) a da%+ cruis]1 "s come into collision or ho/ile contact ) _! neighb\rs1 & try to damage ea* o!rs' b>ques4 ,b all are at sea--driv5 hi!r & ?i!r by breezes :i* spr+ up1 no "o kn[s h[1 & drop d[n aga9 z swiftly z !y rose4 ,! m>9]s1 h[ev]1 seem to enjoy ! excitem5t1 & refuse to return to _! own l&4 ,! individuals :om we "h describe are ! ord9>y ,prote/ant sects 7n includ+ ! ,unit>ians1 :o h long rea*$ a comp>atively /able gr\nd74 ,^!1 by :atev] "n !y are call$1 refuse to give implicit fai? to ! ,pope2 !y w1 h[ev]1 accord1 9 "s degree1 to "s pet p>son1 ! managem5t ( _! consci5ce2 !y dread :at is call$ free-?9k+1 z a m>9] does a lee %ore4 ,!y put up ) e accid5t :i* arises f m+l+ fai? ) reason1 & are1 on ! :ole1 cont5t$1 z long z too mu* pressure is n put ^u !m1 to /e] 9 a def9ite direction4 ,( ^! x may be said1 ,?\ art nei!r cold nor hot2 ,i w\ld ?\ w]t cold or hot4 ,s !n1 because ?\ art lukew>m1 & nei!r cold nor hot1 ,i w spue !e out4 ( my m\? 7,rev4 iii4 #ae1af74 ,! endeav\r to make reason subs]vi5t to fai?1 mu/ ev] be a failure z complete z w\ld be ! endeav\r to weld iron ) wat]1 or to heat an an*or %aft by surr\nd+ x ) cold coals & wood1 !n bl[+ a bla/ ( air ^u ! :ole4 ,he :o is det]m9$ to use reason1 mu/ drop fai?2 & he :o cl+s to fai?1 mu/ drop reason4 ,! conclusions drawn by all :o attempt ! comb9ation w always be lame & impot5t4 ,if1 9 ! /ead ( fai?1 an individual takes reason = 8 guide ?r\gh ?is _w to ! next1 he incurs ! wra? & malignancy ( ! _m1 & ! respect ( ! few4 ,he comes 9 = f> h>d] names ?an ,pagans gave to ,*ri/ians1 & ,papali/s gave to ,hugu5ots4 ,if1 un=tunately1 he %\ld live 9 a c\ntry :]e prie/s rule1 he may be burn$1 z ,savon>ola 0 at ,flor5ce1 ,latim] & ,ridley at ,ox=d1 & ,s]vetus at ,g5eva4 ,lu!r 0 said to be a devil--a s-call$ ,a!i/ is believ$ to be some?+ worse4 ,yet1 not)/&+ all ! obloquy ?r[n ^u ,free?9k]s by ! or?odox1 !y /eadily h increas$ 9 numb]s1 ev] s9ce ! spread ( education & ! *eapness ( books h enabl$ m5 to /udy 9 retirem5t ,:5 !re 0 little in/ruction & few books1 p ga9$ :at k !y _h f _! spiritual guides4 ,?is p[] ( ! pulpit enabl$ ! hi]>*y to set up & sub/antiate any claims :i* !y *ose4 ,b1 s9ce ! p[] ( ! pr9t+ press has ris51 ! influ5ce ( ! prie/hood has dim9i%$4 ,) all ?is t5d5cy to s-call$ ,a!ism1 !re has be5 no loss ( propriety2 on ! contr>y1 ! probity ( ! few exce$s t ( ! _m1 & 9 all !re is a great improvem5t4 ,! pres5t times 9 ,italy are f> sup]ior to ^? :5 ! ,borgias & _! religion 7 supreme4 ,:5 we inquire :at ! ,free?9k]s1 or ,rationali/s1 are1 x is readily se5 t !y h be5 malign$ by ! fai?ful4 ,!re is little difficulty 9 summ+ up _! t5ets3 x is ,rev]5ce1 )\t s]vility4 ,!y draw _! views f ! book ( creation1 & hold x infam\s to fight = supremacy :]e facts & logic c decide4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is by f> too meagre to satisfy ei!r a fri5d1 an inquir]1 or an oppon5t2 x is1 !re=e1 desirable to g into ! matt] m fully4 ,9 do+ s1 ,i make no pret5ce to be ! m\?piece ( a p>ty1 nor ev5 to give a dige/$ acc\nt ( :at ^? :o h writt5 & publi%$ be=e me h enunciat$2 my sole aim is to give1 9 z pla9 t]ms z ,i c comm&1 ! op9ions :i* inquiry has =c$ ^u my m9d4 ,my fir/ confession ( fai? mu/ be negative1 =1 until ! gr\nd has be5 cle>$1 x is n advisable ei!r to plant or con/ruct3 #a4 ,i d n believe 9 ! au?ority ( any writt5 book z be+ an inspir$ production1 or z conta9+ a revelation f ,god to man4 ,9 my e/imation1 ! ,bible is n 9 any way sup]ior to ! ,koran1 to ! ,dhammapada1 ! ,puranas1 ! ,ma9-yo-,kh>d1 ! ,ave/a1 or any o!r collection ( scriptures held sacr$4 #b4 ,i d n believe ! /ory giv5 9 ,g5esis ( ! creation1 ( ! =mation ( human be+s1 & :at is ord9>ily call$ ! temptation & ! fall4 #c4 ,i d n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( :at is te*nically designat$ orig9al s91 nor t ! human race is a fall5 "o2 consequ5tly1 ,i d n believe 9 ! necessity = salvation4 ,i d n believe t dea? came into ! _w by s94 #d ,i d n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( s91 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w2 nor d ,i believe t man requires ! int]v5tion ( any fell[ mortal1 ei!r to reconcile or embroil him ) an unse5 p[]4 #e4 ,i d n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,devil1 or ( any o!r p[] 9 ! :ole univ]se1 ?an t ( ! ,supreme ,mak] ( all4 #f4 ,i d n believe 9 any description :i* has yet be5 giv5 ( ,hell or ,heav54 #g4 ,i d n believe t ,god has ev] directly spok5 to man4 #h4 ,i d n believe t ,god has ev] become inc>nate1 or t he has a cele/ial sp\se1 or a son4 #i4 ,i d n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( tru?-speak+ prophets1 9 ! exi/5ce ( angels1 or gho/s1 or 9 ! sup]natural bir? ( any "o4 #aj4 ,i d n believe t ,god has n[1 or ev] has _h1 a sep>ate & *os5 p1 peculi>ly ,8 own1 &1 consequ5tly1 t !re are none to :om ! t]m ! elect c apply4 #aa4 ,i d n believe t :at is g5]ally designat$ religion is necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( law & ord] 9 a /ate or 9 a family4 #ab4 ,i d n believe t ,god requires ! assi/ance ( man1 "h or else:]e1 to enable ,him to f9d1 or to keep1 or to puni%1 ,8 subjects4 ,^! negatives might be multipli$1 b ,i d\bt :e!r pr(itably s1 inasmu* z ! m we dilute important po9ts1 ! less readily are !y recogniz$4 ,we may n[ proce$ to affirmations3-- #a4 ,i d believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a di/9ct ,p[] 9 creation--great beyond conception1 :i* p]vades all space--:i* is ev]y:]e pres5t 9 ! e>?1 ! sea1 ! air1 & 9 e conceivable "p ( ! ,univ]se--:i* made all ?+s1 & gave to !m prop]ties1 p[]s1 & laws4 ,a p[] to :i* x 7 blasphemy to assign e>s1 eyes1 h&s1 or human p>ts1 & an evid5ce ( a grovell+ m9d to suppose x capable ( human passions1 su* z love1 hate1 jeal\sy1 & m]rim5t1 & to describe x z ignorant1 vacillat+1 & griev$ at its own "w4 ,t ,p[] ,i _c conceive z hav+ ei!r an orig9 or an end4 ,into ! designs ( su* a p[]1 man _c ent]1 nor c he ev5 seem to approa* !m1 except by notic+ ! works ( creation1 & /udy+ ! laws :i* app>5tly gov]n x ,by ! t]m1 laws ( nature1 ,i und]/& ! laws ( ! p[] ( :i* ,i speak4 ,i _c conceive h[ man c =m an idea ( a /ate ( spiritual exi/5ce ( :i* he c nei!r see1 obs]ve1 or notice any?+4 ,x is1 9 my op9ion1 unnecess>y "h to ent] into ! vex$ "q ( ! cont9u$ int]f]5ce ( ?is ,p[] ) its works1 = :]e we h only human analogies to guide u1 x is undesirable to argue ^u !m 9 ! attempt to discov] ! sup]human4 ,z we %all h occasion %ortly to indicate our views ^u a matt] analog\s to ?is1 we w po/pone any?+ :i* we may h to say4 ,i believe t ! ,p[] has nev] made1 nor c ev] make1 a mi/ake2 t all its works are p]fect1 & t :]e !y seem to u to be o!rwise1 x is f our ignorance ( _! design4 ,x seems to me t lions & lambs1 %>ks & gudgeons1 t hawks & *ick5s1 =m a portion ( a gr& s*eme3 t ! di/9ct classes ( animals 7 orig9ally p]fect2 t !y may det]iorate1 yet nev] advance beyond p]fection4 ,i d n believe t a lion c\ld become1 "u any circum/ances1 a bull2 a be> a camel1 or a pig an elephant4 #b4 ,! belief t ! ,creator made ea* creature orig9ally p]fect1 & ) c]ta9 well def9$ prop5sities1 involves ! fur!r confid5ce t ! indulg5ce 9 ^? prop5sities is a necess>y "p ( ! s*eme ( creation2 consequ5tly1 ,i believe t ! tig] eats fle% because x is a law ( 8 exi/5ce1 & t 9 do+ s he commits no s94 ,i believe1 /ill fur!r1 t a close obs]vation ( nature gives u "s app>5t insight into ! plan ( creation ,= example1 ,i ?9k ! exi/5ce ( gills 9 a fi% leads u fairly to ! conclusion t x 0 int5d$ to live 9 ! wat]2 t ! exi/5ce ( tee? implies t !y 7 to be us$ 9 eat+1 w+s 9 fly+1 legs 9 walk+4 ,/ill fur!r1 :5 we notice t vegetables c assimilate m9]al matt]1 :i* animals1 z a rule1 _c1 ,i believe t ! vegetable k+dom has its special place 9 ! _w2 & :51 moreov]1 we f9d creatures :o c eat & dige/ vegetables1 & h a special app>atus = ! purpose1 x is fair to conclude t !y too h _! /ation assign$4 ,a correspond+ rem>k applies to ! c>nivora4 ,once aga91--:5 an ext5d$ obs]vation %[s u t ! bea/s & birds ( prey select = _! victims ! "y ( animals :i* _! p>5ts are unable to protect1 ! ag$1 :o are too infirm to fight = !mselves1 or ! sickly1 :i* are q unfit to live3 :51 moreov]1 we f9d ^! c>nivor\s creatures die :5 age or accid5t deprives !m ( ! p[] ( gett+ food2 nay1 :5 we see l>ge numb]s ( all animals die f want ( food1 ( air1 ( w>m?1 or f accid5ts--,i believe t we are ju/ifi$ 9 d$uc+ ! idea t x is a design ( ! ,p[]1 t ^? :i* _c live %all die2 ,i believe t dea? is z ess5tial a necessity to e creature z is its bir?1 & t its _m =ms h a def9ite purpose4 ,let u n[1 = a mom5t1 turn our att5tion to ! v comm5cem5t ( life4 ,if f any cause ! new be+ is s]i\sly mal=m$ or diseas$1 x is a common ?+ = ! dam to misc>ry4 ,if a "m1 say a pig1 rat1 or bird1 br+s =? a l>g] brood ?an %e c n\ri%1 %e commonly kills ! smalle/1 & all[s only ^? to survive :i* %e c f9d food =--! bird t lays m eggs ?an h] ne/ w hold1 turns ! ov]plus out2 & if1 :5 ! fl$gl+s gr[ up1 !y are too bulky1 "o ( !m w be disc>d$4 ,! cuckoo's *ick has a special provision made = help+ x to turn out ! "y ( ano!r bird1 & its "m has also a special in/9ct to lay its eggs 9 ! ne/ ( ! h$ge-sp>r[4 ,! life ( "o involves ! dea? ( ?ree or m4 ,aga91 9 ! aquatic _w1 "o fi% makes no scruple to fe$ on its own "y ones or ^? ( its neighb\rs1 & ! old crocodile seeks out its (fspr+ z a fav\rite luxury4 ,we f9d1 moreov]1 t :]e ^! creatures ab\nd !re may (t5 be f\nd a small animal--! i*neumon--^: in/9ct tea*es x to seek = & de/roy ! eggs ( ! saurian4 ,9 l mann] cr[s1 rats1 cuckoos1 & probably _m o!r creatures1 h a prop5sity to fe$ ^u ! eggs ( v>i\s birds4 ,9 few words1 we recognize ?r\gh\t creation an app>5t design to prev5t a sup]abundance ( life4 ,?is rem>kable provision1 work+1 z x does1 ?r\gh laws :i* seem to be fix$ & e/abli%$1 prev5ts our belief 9 ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,creator4 ,:5 an animal has rea*$ ! p]iod ( ne>ly adult age1 !re is 9 _m in/ances a consid]able am\nt ( in/ruction giv5 to x1 sometimes by ! sire1 b mo/ly by ! dam4 ,:5 t has be5 imp>t$1 p>5ts & (fspr+ seem to be l /rang]s to ea* o!r4 ,x is probable t1 if we c\ld obs]ve all animals1 we %\ld f9d "s sy/em ( tra9+ ( ! family4 ,z x is1 we c only speak ( dome/ic f[ls1 & notice ! ord] :i* ! h5 keeps up among/ h] brood ( *ick5s2 !y are taught to live peaceably4 ,h] puni%m5ts are nev] l5i5t2 !y are1 inde$1 necess>ily sev]e4 ,we may next proce$ to inquire into ! animal in/9cts :i* exi/ 9 adult life1 at a p]iod :5 e creature is suppos$ to be 9 its p]fection4 ,at a c]ta9 "t ( ! ye> !re is a prop5sity = ! male & female to unite4 ,!re is n any?+ 9 creation :i* af=ds a m attractive /udy ?an ?is1 = e class ( creatures has a practice peculi> to itself4 ,"o might fancy t 9 an act s necess>y & s simple !re w\ld be little cause = int]e/2 yet1 9 reality1 ! prodigality ( design--a t]m :i* we hope to expla9 fully h]eaft]--is m l>gely %[n 9 ?is process ?an 9 any o!r4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a subject ^u :i* "o _c descant be=e ! g5]al public4 ,s f> z we are able to obs]ve animals1 we f9d t at ?is p]iod !re is1 among/ a great numb] ( classes1 a p[] among/ ! males to discov] ! mo/ p]fect among/ ! females1 & to fight = !m4 ,by ?is means ! "y are c]ta9 to be ! (fspr+ ( p]fection ( grace & beauty 9 ! dam1 & /r5g? & size 9 ! sire4 ,we c readily und]/& t1 if ! lovelie/ h9d 7 to pair ) ! weaklie/ /ag1 ! bre$ w\ld deg5]ate1 & probably die out4 ,b ! conqu]or c hold 8 place only s long z he has vig\r2 :5 age has weak5$ him1 ! y\?ful successor practically prev5ts ! old buck f be+ a fa!r4 ,9 "s exceptional cases 7app>5tly s at lea/7 ! numb] ( males exce$s t ( ! females1 &1 z a result ( ! in/9ct be=e allud$ to1 ! fight ends 9 ! majority ( ! males be+ de/roy$4 ,! survivor !n has "o sp\se only1 & n a s]aglio4 ,?is is said to obta9 among/ rats & lions4 ,z yet1 !re is n a suffici5t am\nt ( obs]vation available to enable u to affirm :at is ! g5]al cause ( exit f life1 :5 no dea? by viol5ce occurs4 ,we d n "k ! end ( old buffaloes1 elephants1 rh9oc]oses1 hippopotami1 :ales1 & o!r mon/]s4 ,tales are told ( decrepit lions be+ occasionally se5 tott]+ to _! fall2 & gossip says t anci5t cats "k :5 !y are ab\t to die1 & retire to "s seclud$ nook1 :]e !y give up ! gho/ quietly4 ,i _c *>ge my memory ) a s+le anecdote 9 :i* ! y\?ful animal endeav\rs to su/a9 ! old "o1 by fe$+ x dur+ its decrepitude4 ,?r\gh\t creation p>5tal affection signifies solicitude = (fspr+4 ,we d n any:]e discov] a love t[>ds a p>5t aft] ! y\ng] creature has rea*$ adult age4 ,9 all ! cases to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 &1 7 ,i a naturali/1 !y might be greatly multipli$1 !re is no pret5ce1 ev5 among/ ! or?odox1 t any ( ! creatures h committ$ s9 aga9/ ! ,almighty1 or aga9/ ! community ( :i* !y =m a "p4 ,on ! contr>y1 :at is done1 ev5 ?\gh x am\nts to murd]1 is reg>d$ z a necessity2 & we admire ! laws ( nature :i* br+ ab\t su* results4 ,we d n /op to inquire :e!r any contrivance w\ld prev5t birds f lay+ too _m eggs1 & cuckoos f dropp+ !irs into ! ne/s ( o!r birds2 we cont5t ourselves ) say+1 su* is ! w ( ,provid5ce4 ,x is easy to come to su* a conclusion z reg>ds :at we are pleas$ to call ! l[] animals1 b z soon z we inquire :e!r simil> laws or in/9cts are implant$ 9 u1 we are g5]ally met ) a h[l ( repugnance4 ,b ,i believe t we %all nev] und]/& our true position 9 life & 9 nature until we delib]ately inve/igate t :i* we h 9 common ) o!r animals1 & :]e9 we are diff]5t--probably sup]ior4 ,i use ! ^w probably1 because1 9 ! e/imation ( high] be+s ?an ourselves--if su* !re be--! horse & ! elephant may be reg>d$ z be+ f> above u 9 ! scale :i* ^? be+s h fram$ = !mselves4 ,i h nev] yet se5 any delib]ate attempt to "w out ! problem ref]r$ to4 ,e "o1 or ne>ly s1 :o if or?odox1 assumes t x is absolutely wick$ to comp>e ! bea/s :i* p]i%1 to man :o has a s\l ,z ,i h1 9 a previ\s volume1 %[n t ! evid5ce = ! immortality ( ! horse is equal to t = ! human race1 ,i w n /ay to po9t out ! absurdity ( build+ an important argum5t ^u a baseless assumption1 b simply express my belief t man has v mu* 9 common ) o!r mammals2 b t he is 9 possession ( some?+ sup]add$1 :i*1 at fir/ sight--?\gh n 9 reality--takes him out ( ! trammels ( ! ord9>y laws ( nature t op]ate 9 ! brutes4 ,no "o c d\bt t man has z /rong a prop5sity to unite ) woman1 z bulls & /ags h ) ! females ( _! k9d4 ,he has1 ev5 9 civiliz$ societies1 a prop5sity to fight ) "o or m ( 8 fell[s = a female ( surpass+ beauty4 ,m5 w combat ab\t a disput$ field or c\ntry z fi]cely z dogs ov] a bone1 or h]mit crabs ov] a %ell4 ,z a rule1 man dete/s to be taught1 q z mu* z does ! :elp2 yet1 :5 he has ga9$ an art1 he is z pr\d ( x z a highly tra9$ spaniel4 ,m5 are greg>i\s z horses 9 a field1 & q z intol]ant z !y1 ( an int]lop]4 ,l ! wild wolves1 m5 w unite toge!r to capture & prey ^u creatures ( ea* ( :om individually he /&s 9 fe>4 ,l a set ( wild bulls or buffaloes1 m5 w1 = a "t1 agree to obey a lead]1 &1 :5 ! object is ga9$1 break loose4 ,l a cat1 man w /eal1 :5 he c1 8 neighb\rs' goods1 l a cr[1 he w pay no att5tion to 8 p>5ts1 nor to a ,sunday4 ,)\t ent]+ into f>!r p>ticul>s1 we may affirm t "s highly tra9$ elephants1 dogs1 & horses1 are sup]ior to _m human be+s 9 e po9t ^u :i* an imp>tial judge c det]m9e4 ,x is my belief t1 = a man to obey an in/9ct :i* is implant$ 9 8 nature1 is n a s9 aga9/ ,god4 ,to see ?is 9 a fair light1 let u assume1 z we h a "r to d1 t x is an in/9ct 9 ! nature ( all kn[n creatures1 to increase & multiply _! l4 ,to avoid do+ s int5tionally1 is a contrav5tion ( "o ( ! ,creator's laws4 ,if ?is be s1 !n celibacy is a s91 z great1 inde$1 z if "o 7 to refra9 f food ( all k9ds2 & no "o c be consid]$ z wor?y ( ! "n ( good1 :o rema9s unpair$ )\t j cause4 ,9 l mann]1 x is n an (f5ce aga9/ ! laws ( ,god = any man & woman to unite1 = x is z mu* a law ( nature t !y %all d s1 z t !y mu/ eat & dr9k4 ,! plea ( religion _c make t wrong1 :i* is by nature "r4 ,9 l mann]1 if 9 a limit$ community--say ^u an isl&1 ! numb] ( m5 exce$s t ( ! wom51 ,i believe t a fight among/ ! males = ! possession ( mates1 w\ld n be s9 aga9/ ! ,omnipot5t ev5 ?\gh _m combatants di$ dur+ ! conte/4 ,nay1 s common ^u _m po9ts is ! agreem5t2 among/ ev5 ! mo/ or?odox1 t none w\ld say t a man commits a crime :5 he /eals ! /ore ( honey laid up by bees1 kills animals = food or = _! fur1 or covets & appropriates ! prairies hi!rto occupi$ by h]ds ( de] & bison4 ,ev5 ! comm&m5ts said to be deliv]$ by ,god ,himself are held n to be lit]ally b9d+ ^u man1 except 9 relation to 8 fri5ds4 ,he may1 = example1 by ! laws ( w>1 murd] 8 enemies1 =nicate ) _! wives1 /eal _! prop]ty1 & deceive !m 9 e way4 ,abraham1 ! s-call$ fri5d ( ,god1 murd]$ _m ,ori5tals1 & plund]$ !m2 n because he _h any qu>rel ) !m1 b simply because !y _h murd]$ & plund]$ "s ( 8 fri5ds4 ,david aga91 a man aft] ,god's own he>t1 ) 8 dy+ brea?1 gave 8 son in/ructions to put individuals to dea? 9 cold blood1 sup]s$+ ! law ( ,s9ai1 by a h]itage ( hate4 ,:51 !re=e1 common cons5t takes c]ta9 actions out ( ! li/ ( crimes or s9s1 provid$ t ! de$s are done aga9/ enemies1 we h to seek = ! orig9 ( ^? ideas :i* make murd]1 !ft1 robb]y1 rape1 & false-witness crimes 9 ! ab/ract4 ,to und]/& ?is po9t1 we h really to />t f ! be/ial basis1 & av] t :at is n s9 9 !m1 is n s9 9 savage man4 ,no "o ( any intellig5ce w\ld say t a ,briton w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 %oot+ an ,a%antee because ! latt] _h kill$ & eat5 an enemy1 or an ag$ p>5t2 nor w\ld any "o ( u s5t5ce a ,h9doo to dea? because he _h kill$ a doz5 ,?ugs4 ,ev5 9 comp>atively civiliz$ ,am]ican backwoods1 a p]son :o has kill$ a bully has be5 ?\ght a public b5efactor4 ,aga91 :5 we ca/ our eyes ^u ,au/ralia1 & le>n ! brutal way 9 :i* ! black native virg9s are viol5tly c>ri$ away f _! relatives & m>ri$1 & h[ aga9 !y are repeat$ly c>ri$ (f z wives by o!r m51 we feel ourselves ju/ifi$ 9 leav+ ! ravi%]s )\t puni%m5t1 = !re is no violation ( law1 or1 if !re be1 ,engli%m5 h no "r to int]f]e4 ,b :at we tol]ate 9 unciviliz$ l&s1 ev5 :]e we are o/5sibly rul]s1 we w n suff] 9 our own4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t we h b&$ ourselves into a society 9 :i* ! laws1 once settl$ & det]m9$ by ! majority1 sup]s$e1 9 c]ta9 cases1 individual action4 ,to make our mean+ cle>1 let u imag9e t among/ "s nation or p !re is "o man m a/ute & p[]ful ?an 8 fell[s2 /ill fur!r1 we assume t he has f\ght1 or is desir\s to fight1 a neighb\r ( ne>ly equal =ce4 ,x is cle> t if 8 p murd] ea* o!r f any cause he w lose w>riors2 consequ5tly1 he w let 8 tribe und]/& t he w puni% homicide1 on a plan :i* he ?9ks w be det]r5t4 ,/ill fur!r1 z he requires soldi]s ( /rong limbs & /urdy con/itution1 he decl>es t no woman %all _m )\t 8 cons5t1 s t he may prev5t any "o sell+ h]self1 or be+ sold1 to a weak or old man = m]e pelf4 ,z1 9 a savage /ate1 mo/ possessions are ^? :i* are useful 9 w>1 he w\ld prohibit !ft4 ,z a consequ5ce1 he1 & all :o respect$ 8 p[] to puni%1 w\ld reg>d murd]1 !ft1 rape1 & unau?oriz$ wife-sell+ z crimes--(f5ces1 t is to say1 aga9/ ! rul] ( ! /ate1 & n aga9/ ! ,creator ( mank9d4 ,x signifies little to my argum5t1 :e!r society is gov]n$1 z ! e>ly ,aryans 71 by w>riors1 or1 z ! lat] ones 71 by ,brahmans4 ,9 ei!r case ! lead]s make laws1 & decl>e a violation ( !m to be puni%able4 ,:5 communities are small 9 size1 & ext5d ov] a small area1 few rules ( life are necess>y2 b :5 a nation increases 9 size1 & especially :5 x consi/e ( _m tribes or class :i* h volunt>ily unit$ toge!r1 legislation is f> m complicat$1 inasmu* z ! ideas ( "r & wrong 9 ea* section may1 f long cu/om1 v>y f ea* o!r4 ,= example1 9 mo/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica bigamy1 or ! possession ( two wives at a "t1 is a crime2 :]eas1 9 ,salt ,lake city1 its rul]s h tw5ty1 & its m5 a doz51 if !y l1 & yet are e/eem$ sa9ts1 & really conduct !mselves z if !y _h a cle> claim to ! title4 ,! greate/ complication is :5 ! laws ( a community h be5 fram$1 p>tly by soldi]s1 p>tly by ecclesia/ics1 & p>tly by m]cantile m51 = ea* p>ty has a diff]5t cre$4 ,! fir/ makes no scruple to fight at ! comm& ( ! second1 :il/ ! ?ird endeav\rs to prev5t all w> :atev]4 ,! second set intrigue to h ! supreme p[]2 ! fir/ & ?ird (t5 endeav\r to suppress ! second1 kn[+ its aggressiv5ess & lu/ ( supremacy4 ,:5 a nation is "u :at is gr&iloqu5tly call$ a ,!ocracy1 e (f5ce aga9/ a comm& giv5 ex ca!dra is reg>d$ z a s92 n simply a disreg>d ( ! law1 b a defiance ( ! ,god :o is said to h orda9$ x4 ,?us1 accord+ to :at is kn[n z ! ,mosaic law1 x 0 a crime puni%able by a l+]+ dea? to ga!r /icks on a ,sabba? day 7,num4 xv4 #cb-cf72 b x 0 no crime to kill all ! males & wom5 ( a :ole nation1 & reta9 ! maid5s = private pro/itution & = ! use ( ! prie/ 7,num4 xxxi4 #ag1 #ah1 #dj1 #da74 ,9 su* a nation x 0 no crime to commit =g]y--& ( all ! be>]s ( false witness1 none exce$$ 9 anci5t times ! ,jewi% writ]s 9 ! ,bible--b 9 m]cantile ,engl&1 ! =m] has be5 at "o "t puni%$ ) dea?1 & ! latt] by ignom9i\s p5alties4 ,9 mod]n ,!ocracies1 su* z once exi/$ 9 ,au/ria1 ,spa91 ,italy1 ,engl&1 & else:]e1 x 0 consid]$ crim9al to ?9k diff]5tly1 ^u any religi\s po9t1 f ! au?oriz$ /&>d4 ,9 ^? k+doms _m a p]son 0 doom$ to die a pa9ful dea?1 & !reaft] s5t--z x 0 suppos$1 to ,hell--:om we n[ reg>d z a virtu\s1 brave1 & noble individual4 ,! common s5se ( mank9d induces all citiz5s to buy :at !y h ne$ (1 at ! smalle/ possible price2 b a m]cantile gov]nm5t says to its p--,y %all n buy any?+ f anybody :o has n fir/ paid u = ! privilege ( trad+1 & some?+ m = e w>e :i* he (f]s = sale1 & e "o contrav5+ ?is ord] %all be s]i\sly puni%$4 ,"h1 aga91 an artificial (f5ce is manufactur$ t has no orig9 9 nature4 ,:5 a p has succe$$ 9 ?r[+ (f publicly ! trammels ( ,ecclesia/ical legislation1 z ,engl&1 ,italy1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 & o!r nations h done1 !y by no means %ake (f _! private %ackles4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ,spa91 ,au/ria1 & o!r places1 n[ & =m]ly1 is1 t ! prie/hood are seek+ to atta9 by subtlety :at !y c\ld previ\sly comm& by _! /ate p[]4 ,at "o p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,rome1 x 0 a crime n to kneel on ! b>e gr\nd :5 c]ta9 prie/s pass$ ) a bit ( waf] surr\nd$ by gorge\s trapp+s4 ,?is is a crime no long] aga9/ ! /ate1 b = all :o believe ! ,papal hi]>*y x is yet a s94 ,at "o "t 9 ,engl&1 x 0 a crime n to g to *ur* on ,sunday2 x 0 equally puni%able to c>ry on any bus9ess4 ,! laws respect+ ^! matt]s h n yet be5 repeal$1 & !y h be5 put rec5tly into op]ation1 al?\gh ! good s5se ( ! majority has made !m practically obsolete4 ,yet1 ?\gh ?is is ! case1 & ! law no long] puni%es ,sabba?-break+1 ! prie/ly body cont9ue to laun* _! ?und]s aga9/ all :o reg>d e day alike4 ,x is1 inde$1 d\btful if1 9 ! eyes ( our p>sons1 !re is any s9 s great z enjoy+ "o's self on a ,sunday4 ,! law ( our c\ntry does n make x a crime = a woman to pro/itute h] body1 or = a man to h a concub9e ( great] or less p]man5cy1 b ! hi]>*s d5\nce ! arrangem5t z crim9al 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,we ne$ n multiply our illu/rations f>!r4 ,suffici5t has be5 advanc$ to %[ t !re are two di/9ct classes ( s9s--"o1 ^? made by ,ecclesia/ics1 or by ^? legislators pass+ "u ! "n ,society2 ! o!r1 ^? :i* are aga9/ ! laws ( nature--e4g41 an en=c$ celibacy1 su* z t to :i* ,romi% prie/s are doom$4 ,9 say+ ?is1 we readily all[ t :at is "r1 accord+ to ! laws ( ,god1 z set =? 9 ! univ]se1 is wrong accord+ to ! code made by ! legally con/itut$ au?orities ( ! /ate 9 :i* an individual lives4 ,we grant1 moreov]1 t1 if a gov]nm5t is /rong en\gh1 ! laws ( man %\ld be en=c$ by human means4 ,b we d n believe t mortals %\ld be compell$ to c>ry out t :i* prie/s tell !m is ! ju/ice ( ! ,immortal1 ( :i* !y "k absolutely no?+4 ,i hold t no /ate c fairly claim to take cognizance (1 or to puni%1 ?\ghts1 or any private indulg5ce :i* creates no public sc&al4 ,if we endeav\r to r$uce our views to a /ill cle>] issue1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 div9e & human laws w be ! m readily und]/ood4 ,let u assume t ,miss ,kalli/ee is ! mo/ p]fect woman 9 a di/rict4 ,= h] cont5d ) _! natural weapons ,messrs4 ,dunamis1 ,kratos1 ,kalos1 ,sophos1 & ,ma!sis2 & ! conqu]or1 hav+ kill$ 8 adv]s>ies1 takes ! lady to wife4 ,! law ( man or ( society n[ /eps 9 & kills (f ! survivor2 or1 if x %\ld "k be=eh& ( ! com+ conte/1 w prev5t x4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! lady mu/ be cont5d$ = peaceably1 & may become ! bride ( impot5t old age or weal?y disease4 ,z a result1 ! heal?y (fspr+1 :i* nature w\ld h re>$1 are ei!r abs5t1 sickly1 diseas$1 or idiotic4 ,"h1 !n1 ,i affirm t a law ( society is a s9 aga9/ ,god4 ,i w\ld wi% my read]s to pond] ov] ?is matt]1 :i* gives mu* food = ?\ght4 ,i d n ?9k t su* conte/s z ,i h describ$ c be tol]at$ 9 any society ( civiliz$ be+s1 =1 9 proportion to our em]g5ce f b>b>ism1 we d n seek m]e /r5g? & beauty ( =m 9 our population4 ,we desire to cultivate ! intellectual r ?an ! animal 9 man4 ,b exp]i5ce has %[n t1 z a rule1 ! fur!r man dep>ts f ! latt]1 & ! ne>] he approa*es to ! =m]1 ! m does 8 prog5y det]iorate physically4 ,x is a problem :e!r1 by any available contrivance %ort ( t :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,incas ( ,p]u1 man c uni=mly develope upw>ds4 ,! physiologi/ c readily see h[ ! matt] might be effect$1 b 9 republican or con/itutional k+doms1 ! means w nev] be adopt$4 ,we h n[ come to a po9t :5 x is necess>y = me1 z an individual1 to express an op9ion z to ! selection :i* a philosoph]1 liv+ 9 a comp>atively civiliz$ community1 %\ld make betwe5 a promulgation ( ! s-call$ laws ( ,god--an in/ruction respect+ ! laws ( nature--or an utt]ance ( ! laws ( society1 ) ! en=cem5t ( !m4 ,ere =m+ a decision1 let u endeav\r to asc]ta9 :at ea* alt]native involves4 ,if a /ate1 act+ ?r\gh its executive gov]nm5t1 decides to make :at are call$ ! laws ( ,god ! basis ( legislation1 x mu/ fir/ decide :at ^? laws are4 ,9 ! endeav\r to d s1 e ?\ghtful man w recognize ! impossibility ( v]ify+ a s+le "o4 ,! :ole mu/1 !re=e1 be promulgat$ on assumption2 & if s1 ! legislators w be consci\s t !y h no valid au?ority4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y assume ! laws ( nature to be a safe guide1 !y mu/ all[ proce$+s :i* are oppos$ to ! feel+s ( ! majority ( civiliz$ mortals4 ,be+1 !n1 av]se to elect ei!r ( ^! codes z a sole basis1 ! /atesman w endeav\r1 z f> z 9 him lies1 to make or adapt laws = ! society 9 :i* he lives4 ,:5 ! well-be+ ( ! community becomes ! basis ( its legislation1 ! idea ( s9 vani%es f ! /atute book1 & ! /]n realities ( life h to be envisag$ ) firmness & decision4 ,s also :5 religion has m]g$ into common s5se1 & facts are appeal$ to r ?an fancies1 policy takes ! place ( dogma1 & ! voice ( a majority ov]comes t ( any prie/hood4 ,into political economy1 h[ev]1 x is n my desire to ent]1 fur!r ?an may be necess>y to illu/rate my own op9ions ^u religion4 ,hav+ emancipat$ myself f ! ?raldom ( bibliolatry & prie/craft g5]ally1 x is my aim to exam9e :at seems to be my duty z a man & an integ] ( society4 ,i conceive t1 al?\gh ,i h no c]ta9 k !re(1 ,i am "o ( ! myriads ( in/rum5ts by :i* ! ,almighty works out ,8 designs4 ,my appreciation may be imp]fect1 b /ill x seems to me a duty1 always to be a good husb&1 fa!r1 fri5d1 & citiz5--to act ev] t[>ds o!rs z ,i %\ld desire myself to be treat$ "u ! same circum/ances--to improve su* tal5ts z ,i am consci\s ( possess+2 &1 9 a g5]al way1 to d z mu* good z ,i c dur+ my lifetime--tak+ c>e1 if possible1 to leave aft] my dea? no mis*iev\s ag5cy set on foot by me4 ,9 few words1 ,i believe t ! only true religion consi/s 9 a con/ant /eady p]=mance ( duty--a duty discov]$ & det]m9$ by ! individual1 & n "o prescrib$ by any set ( m54 ,! conclusion ?us arriv$ at1 appe>s at fir/ sight1 to be meagre 9 ! extreme1 b :5 x is fully exam9$1 x is f\nd to involve important consequ5ces4 ,! fai?ful1 = example1 or1 z !y /yle !mselves1 ! or?odox1 live1 :5 !y pay any att5tion to su* matt]s1 9 a /ate ( p]petual fe> ( ,god & et]nity2 "s1 inde$ we may say _m1 g mad f ! oppression :i* !y feel f hav+ committ$ an unp>donable s92 "s pass ?r\gh life weight$ by ! dread ( n be+ f9ally sav$2 all1 ) r>e exceptions1 h a horror ( dea? & ( ! results ( ! judgm5t4 ,feel+ assur$ t few w be sav$1 & ! _m w be damn$1 !y h a dreadful feel+ ( c]ta9ty t ei!r !y or "s ( _! de>e/ relatives or fri5ds w be among/ ! majority4 ,"s g ?r\gh life s9n+ & rep5t+--9 du/ & a%es1 z ! te*nical phrase runs--until !y are a%am$ ( _! own vacillation1 or g on s9n+1 )\t any qualms ( consci5ce1 until x is too late to m5d2 & !y recognize be=e !m a fe>ful look+ = ( judgm5t & fi]y indignation4 ,^! fanta/ic t]rors are f> m deeply root$ 9 ! ,prote/ants ?an 9 ! ,papi/s1 :o h s completely become imbu$ ) ! belief t _! prie/s h almo/ unlimit$ p[] 9 ! unse5 _w1 t ! dy+ folk become easy 9 _! m9ds1 by a full assurance ( hope t fri5ds1 hi]>*s1 & masses w make purgatory be>able & heav5 c]ta94 ,( fe> ab\t et]nity ,i "k no?+2 feel+ confid5t t ! ,god :o made me--directly or indirectly x w\ld be a wa/e ( "t to discuss--_h "s "w = me to d "h4 ,i am q cont5t ) :atev] may be assign$ to me h]eaft] by ! same ,p[]4 ,( a future /ate ,i am :olly ignorant4 ,z an integ]1 ,i feel a sort ( in/9ct t dea? is n absolute annihilation2 b beyond t ,i d n n[ seek to "k1 = e s\rce ( intellig5ce is abs5t4 ,to "s inconsid]ate en?usia/s ?is may seem a cold belief1 b 9 reality x is any?+ b t1 = my days & nights are fre$ f t wet blanket ( vague dread :i* makes s _m m5tally %iv]2 & my "t is pass$ pleasantly 9 ! alt]nate lab\r requir$ by duty1 & ! repose necess>y to recruit "o's en]gies4 ,let u1 = a mom5t1 consid] :at w\ld be ! condition ( ! _w1 if ea* individual conduct$ himself accord+ to ! dictates ( a pure & enlight5$ morality1 in/ead ( accord+ to ! direction ( a body ( ,ecclesia/ics4 ,we may1 ,i ?9k1 fe>lessly ass]t t !re w\ld be no w>s1 no murd]s1 !fts1 adult]ies1 libels1 violations ( female purity2 9 %ort1 e "o w\ld d z he wi%$ to be done by4 ,9 su* a p p]secution w\ld f9d no place1 ignorance w\ld n be p]mitt$1 & law w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,o!r desirable ?+s w\ld also take place1 to :i* x is unnecess>y to ref] at l>ge4 ,:5 all are /rictly prop] 9 e relation ( life1 ,i _c believe t any?+ m w\ld be want+ to make ! human family z happy z x c be "h4 ,:at1 let u ask1 w\ld ! or?odox decl>e 0 amiss+8 ,! reply is1 to my m9d1 awful3 ,!re w\ld be1 fir/1 ! want ( hatr$ & malice2 !n w\ld be add$ ! want ( ,hell-to :i* enemies c\ld be s5t1 & ( a ,heav51 9 :i* ! fai?ful c\ld fe$ _! malignancy by wat*+ ! tortures ( ^? :om !y dete/$ on e>?4 ,9 f9e1 ,i beg to express my own delib]ate op9ion1 :i* has be5 gr[+ /rong] mon?ly s9ce ,i fir/ began to collect mat]ials = ?is "w1 t ^? :o c f9d n]ve to sweep f _! m9ds ! trammels :i* h be5 wov5 ar\nd !m by hundr$s ( g5]ations ( hi]>*s1 & adopt ! simple fai? :i* ,i h above indicat$1 w be f> happi] & bett] ?an ev] !y 7 be=e4 ,no man w /& betwe5 !m & ,god1 & !y w f9d ,him inf9itely m good & m]ciful ?an any ( ^? :o pr(ess to be ,8 ag5ts4 ,!re is yet ano!r way by :i* ! subject ( fai? & reason may be approa*$1 & _! antagonism te/$4 ,?is is by consid]+ h[ f> ! =m] is ess5tially human1 & ! latt] div9e--by :i* we mean1 sup]ior to ! prop5sity :i* all mank9d has 9 common4 ,we recognize ! importance ( ! inquiry1 :5 we f9d ,mr ,glad/one1 a ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,engl&1 disc\rag+ ! action result+ f philosophical ?\ght1 because a man nam$ ,paul1 "s #ahjj ye>s ago1 recomm5d$ 8 fri5ds to hold fa/ t :i* he1 & !y1 "u 8 tea*+1 believ$ to be good4 ,! spee* ( ! ,premi]1 :i* 0 deliv]$ at a l>ge ,liv]pool ,s*ool1 & 0 writt5 ) unusual c>e1 held up1 to a lot ( s*oolboys1 ! propositions ( ,/rauss z some?+ :i* 7 s bad1 t ! enunciation ( !m c>ri$ ) x _! refutation4 ,yet1 at ! same "t1 ! speak] all[$ t ! ,g]man ?9k] 0 conspicu\s = intellectual atta9m5ts1 p[]s ( ?\ght beyond ! ord9>y run ( mortals1 sobriety 9 m5tal culture1 & boldness 9 ! enunciation ( ! conclusions to :i* 8 reason compell$ him4 ,9 ,mr ,glad/one's op9ion1 su* a man's doctr9es des]v$ to be )]$2 n because !y 7 oppos$ to reason1 to logic1 to ! /]n reality ( facts1 b because !y oppos$ ! prejudices ( c]ta9 p]sons educat$ 9 a diff]5t /yle ( fai?4 ,if we inquire 9 :at way ! ,g]man philosoph] & ! ,engli% bigot diff]1 we c come to no o!r conclusion ?an t ! "o has us$ 8 intellect ^u ! dogmas :i* h be5 pres5t$ to 8 m9d1 f 8 infancy upw>ds1 until !y h be5 mi/ak5 = fundam5tal tru?s1 :il/ ! o!r has ex]cis$ 8 m5tal p[]s ^u some?+ beyond ! doctr9al gr\nds on :i* 8 e>ly education has be5 fram$4 ,! !n ,engli% ,premi]1 :o _h to direct ! /ate1 all[$ himself to be guid$ by defunct m51 precisely 9 ! same way z ,pyrrhus1 ,croesus1 & o!rs1 7 gov]n$ by ! pret5d$ oracles at ,delphi1 ,dodona1 & else:]e4 ,! man1 9 o!r words1 :o once wield$ ! might ( ,engl&1 & is conspicu\s = 8 classical acquirem5ts1 is z mu* ! slave ( sup]/ition z any anci5t ,egyptian or ,grecian mon>*1 only 8 oracles are n ! same z !irs4 ,x is cle>1 t :5 ! spee*1 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made1 0 compos$1 ,mr ,glad/one 0 "u ! influ5ce ( ! belief1 t :at he _h be5 taught1 & _h adopt$1 mu/ necess>ily be ! only tru? :i* c be reli$ on1 at lea/1 9 its fundam5tal po9ts4 ,x is ?is v presumption1 ?is lazy habit ( m9d1 t 0 long ago po9t$ out by ,bacon z be+ ! mo/ f]tile cause ( ! ret>dation ( sci5ce1 & x is rem>kable t ,ox=d1 z an ,univ]sity1 & mo/ ( its alumni1 are /ill victims to ! weakness ref]r$ to4 ,x naturally foll[s 9 ! tra9 ( :at is call$ classical le>n+1 :5 ! m9d is taught to rememb] r ?an to ?9k2 & "o easily believes t he c recognize 9 ! late ,premi] ! gradual developm5t ( ?\ght1 & c tell ! epo*s :5 *]i%$ idols h be5 ?r[n aside1 ) ! en]gy ( "o :o is sudd5ly r\s$ to ex]cise a p[]ful m9d 9 an indep5d5t mann]4 ,x w\ld be useless to copy all ! aphorisms by :i* ,"l ,bacon attempt$ to de/roy ! old philosophy1 :i*1 9 8 "t1 0 mo/ univ]sally adopt$1 & to build up a new /ate ( ?+s1 9 :i* sci5ce %\ld advance1 b a few ( !m are ( su* value t !y des]ve record+4 ,9 ,novum ,organum1 aph4 #bc we read--,!re is no small diff]5ce betwe5 ! fancies --,greek-- ( ! human m9d & ! ideas ( ! div9e m9d--t is1 betwe5 c]ta9 notions t please u1 & ! real /amp & impression made by creat$ objects z !y are f\nd 9 nature4 ,t is to say1 man commonly imag9es ?+s to be :at he fancies !y ought to be1 & neglects :at !y really are4 ,! le>n$ aphori/ !n po9ts out c]ta9 peculi>ities ( m51 by :i* !y are induc$ to cleave to ! bad1 & neglect ! good4 ,aph4 #df---,! human und]/&+1 :5 any proposition has once be5 laid d[n 7ei!r f g5]al admission & belief1 or f ! pleasure :i* x af=ds71 =ces ev]y?+ to add to x support & confirmation4 ,b ?is evil ins9uates itself /ill m craftily 9 philosophy & 9 ! sci5ces1 9 :i* a settl$ maxim vitiates & gov]ns e o!r circum/ance1 al?\gh ! latt] be mu* m wor?y ( confid5ce4 ,aph4 #dg--,! human und]/&+ is mo/ excit$ by t :i* /rikes & ent]s ! m9d at once & sudd5ly1 & by :i* ! imag9ation is imm$iately fill$ & inflat$4 ,x !n beg9s1 almo/ imp]ceptibly1 to conceive & suppose t ev]y?+ is simil> to ! few objects :i* h tak5 possession ( ! m9d1 :il/ x is v sl[ & unfit = ! transition to ! remote & het]og5e\s in/ances by :i* axioms are tri$1 z by fire1 unless ! (fice be impos$ ^u x by sev]e regulations1 & a p[]ful au?ority4 ,we may p>aphrase ! prec$+ axiom ?us3--,^? :o1 f p]sonal prea*+1 or by p>5tal influ5ce1 h adopt$ a c]ta9 belief 9 ! tru? ( t :i* has be5 taught to !m z a revelation1 no matt] :o ! individuals are1 or may h be51 :o prop\nd x1 are lo?1 ev]1 to inquire into ! real nature ( ! matt]4 ,h5ce x is t clairvoyance & spiritualism h s _m /aun* adh]5ts4 ,aph4 #ef--,"s dispositions ev9ce an unb\nd$ admiration ( antiquity1 o!rs eag]ly embrace novelty1 & b few c pres]ve ! j m$ium1 s z nei!r to be> up :at ! anci5ts h correctly laid d[n1 nor to despise ! j innovations ( ! mod]ns4 ,?is is v prejudicial to ! sci5ces & philosophy1 &1 in/ead ( a correct judgm5t1 we h b ! factions ( ! anci5ts & ! mod]ns4 ,!re are o!r aphorisms foll[+1 :i* po9t out ! mis*ief ( foll[+ c]ta9 !ories1 simply because !y h be5 long accept$1 & are g5]ally suppos$ to be correct4 ,at ! p]iod :5 ,bacon wrote1 !re 0 ! same cons]vatism 9 sci5ce & philosophy z !re _h be5 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* = ages1 & v few1 if any1 _h v5tur$ to sugge/ ! necessity = a radical *ange4 ,9 ,engl& ! re=mation ( *ur* & /ate prec$$ ! re=mation ( philosophy2 yet1 !re are _m among/ u yet :o reg>d all su* *anges z a mi/ake4 ,we con/antly f9d individuals :o hank] aft] a despotic rule1 by k+ or emp]or1 :o _c endure a *ur* 9 :i* !re is no tyrannical head1 nor a sci5ce :i* only pr(esses to advance1 & refuses to be /ation>y4 ,yet ! ?\ghtful "k h[ mu* ! _w w\ld h lo/1 _h x yet be5 pro/rate at ! feet ( ,ari/otle & ( b>b>ic ,popes2 & !re is n a ,*ri/ian :o does n rejoice t ,jesus prev5t$ mank9d f wor%ipp+ ,moses1 & adh]+ to ,hebraic notions4 ,:51 !re=e1 an individual1 pr(ess+ to be le>n$1 sc\ts ! propositions ( a c>eful inductive & rigidly reason+ philosoph]1 simply because !y violate g5]ally believ$ notions2 & :51 9 addition1 he appeals to ! ignorance & impressionability ( s*oolboys r ?an to ! mature judgm5t ( adults1 he proclaims himself1 9 t respect1 at lea/1 a bigot--( a dye z deep z ^? fanatics :o urg$ on _! fell[s to suppress ! discov]ies ( ,galileo4 ,b ! matt] does n end "h4 ,we recognize ! necessity = a public man1 :o has once proclaim$ 8 adh]5ce to ! doctr9es ( ,revelation1 & has prea*$ ! necessity = fai?1 & its sup]iority ov] reason--h[ev] calm & rigid1 to g fur!r1 & to proclaim t :i* he reg>ds z ,revelation1 & :o are ! individuals he w receive z ! int]pret]s ( t s-call$ communication f ,god to man4 ,x is cle> t ! words :i* h be5 utt]$ by man require a human exp\nd]2 equally cle> is x t1 if ! orig9al say+s are reg>d$ z be+ inspir$1 b1 nev]!less1 ( d\btful mean+1 !y c only be cle>$ up by o!r m51 :o are1 l ! orig9al oracles--inspir$4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re are 9 our own times ?ree di/9ct sets ( individuals :o lay claim to ! faculty ( int]pretation2 & ^! diff] s among/ !mselves1 t c]ta9ly1 at lea/1 two1 & v probably all1 are wrong4 ,! man1 !n1 :o is dispos$ to make fai? 8 guide mu/1 9 s f> z ,*ri/ianity is conc]n$1 jo9 himself ei!r to ! ,greek or ,roman ,*ur*1 ^: pret5sions to a div9e pres5ce 9 _! mid/ h be5 ( ! longe/2 or to ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 :i* endeav\rs to ou/ ! o!r two ^u ! plea t !y _c be "u div9e tea*+1 because !y h become corrupt2 & !n1 on ! plea ( hav+ discov]$ ! alleg$ faults1 x assumes to h ! au?ority :i* its pr$ecessors h =feit$4 ,?us1 z we h frequ5tly rem>k$ be=e1 man sits 9 judgm5t ^u ,him :om he calls 8 mak]4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 h[ev]1 are ! only ones :o d n =mally lay claim to hav+ ! div9e pres5ce among/ !m 9 a conspicu\s degree2 !y d n pret5d to ! p]=mance ( miracles1 & !y sc\t ! idea t any mod]n repres5tative ( ,jesus c d any wond]s l ^? t tea*] did4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* proves to ! satisfaction ( its vot>ies t ! ,"l is /ill ) !m1 inasmu* z ! pres5ce ( ! ,virg91 9 a visible =m1 occurs to *e] h] s]vants t tru/ 9 h] int]cession1 & ev5 pictures ( h] become in/9ct ) life4 ,if1 !n1 an individual is resolv$ to walk by fai? alone 9 matt]s ( religion1 he is b\nd to jo9 himself to t *ur* :]e9 ! div9e f\nd] is habitually & visibly pres5t2 to ^: sa9ts ! savi\r has appe>$1 & giv5 /igmata l ^? :i* 7 produc$ 9 ! orig9al by ! b>b>\s nails & spe> ( ! ,roman soldi]s4 ,= ! vot>ies ( fai?--pure & unadult]at$ belief 9 ?+s div9e--! only legitimate home is ! bosom ( ! ,papal ,*ur*4 ,:y1 !n1 d n m51 l ,mr ,glad/one1 jo9 x8 ,simply because _! fai? is n a pure & confid+ "o4 ,x is ta9t$ by ! d\bt :e!r ! pret5sions ( ! ,roman ,see are su/a9able1 or by ! c]ta9ty t ,popi% miracles are contemptible %ams4 ,!y believe t ,francis ( ,assisi made ! /igmata1 :i* he pr(ess$ to receive f 8 crucifi$ ,savi\r1 by burn+ 8 h&s1 feet1 & side1 ) "s /rong cau/ic1 or by a heat$ iron4 ,by ^! d\bts1 or c]ta9ties1 individuals demon/rate t !y are n 9 ! li/ ( ! fai?ful2 = d\bt implies unbelief1 & bo? are incompatible ) fai? pure & simple4 ,:5ev]1 !n1 a p]son confesses1 by 8 words or actions1 t he does exam9e into ! gr\nds ( 8 belief1 he is logically b\nd to cont9ue ^? inquiries into ev]y?+ :]e9 !re is a possibility ( human error creep+4 ,:5 we pursue our obs]vations fur!r1 & inquire into ! reasons :y a ,papi/ believes c]ta9 ?+s :i* a ,prote/ant rejects1 & vice v]sa1 we f9d t1 9 ! fir/ place1 ea* believes :at he has be5 taught2 he--to speak figuratively--imbibes 8 dogmas & belief ) 8 "m's milk2 & :5 he advances 9 age1 is taught & imag9es t he has ma/]$ ! /ock argum5ts :i* are reli$ ^u by ! opposite p>ties4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 on fir/ sight1 a reason+ p[] ex]cis$ by ea*2 b x is n s1 = ! argum5ts !mselves1 & _! =ce1 are reg>d$ z matt]s ( fai?--z weapons ) :i* a w>f>e may be wag$1 b :i*1 9 no s5se1 are to be te/$ by ^? :o use !m4 ,z f> z ! common run ( religioni/s are conc]n$1 !y are all 9 ?is fool's p>adise2 !y fancy t !y are secure1 inv9cible1 & mighty1 because !y take _! own pr[ess & _! oppon5ts weakness z matt]s ( fai?4 ,b :5 "o ( ^! comes into collision ) ano!r ^: reason is ex]cis$ ^u facts & ! d$uctions to be drawn f !m1 ! que/ions occur1 possibly = ! fir/ "t1 ,are ! gr\nds ( my belief t5able8 am ,i ju/ifi$ 9 us+ my reason only 9 "o direction8 if ,i pr(ess to argue1 am ,i n b\nd to be logical8 & if :at has be5 giv5 to me z s\nd meat1 is rott5 9 reality1 am ,i b\nd to eat x8 c x d me good 9 any way8 ,:5 a ?\ghtful man has arriv$ at ?is po9t1 he has to elect betwe5 ,fai? & ,reason4 ,!n1 if1 l ,mr ,glad/one1 he =esees to :at 8 inquiries w probably lead1 & is dis9cl9$ to pull d[n a *]i%$ edifice1 ev5 to erect a bett]1 he w naturally cl+ to ! old belief1 say+--,) all ?y faults1 ,i love !e /ill4 ,) 8 eyes wide op5 he hails ! bann] ( bigotry1 no matt] :at may be ! scut*eon :i* x be>s4 ,!n come ! important que/ions--,:at "r has any religi\s bigot to pr(ess himself a lib]al8 &1 ,) :at face c a man1 :o refuses to ex]cise 8 und]/&+ ^u :at he calls ! mo/ important "p ( life1 i4e41 ! prep>ation = et]nity1 proclaim himself a fri5d ( education8 ,to insi/ ^u ! value ( le>n+ 9 =m+ ! m9d1 & !n to set ! example ( recoil+ f ! k :i* intellectual ef=ts br+1 is1 9 a /atesman1 a mean vacillation4 ,mr ,glad/one ought ei!r to proclaim t 8 ideas are ^? ( ! ,jesuits1 or to pron\nce 9 fav\r ( education1 to :atev] goal x legitimately t5ds4 ,to say to boys--or m5--y mu/ le>n to ?9k2 b y mu/ only come to ! same conclusions z myself1 w\ld disgrace a /atesman ( a free c\ntry1 ?\gh su* a proclamation w\ld seem natural to a pope1 or any o!r tyrant ,i d n1 = a mom5t1 ass]t t ! !n ,premi] ( ,engl& did1 9 a writt51 &1 !re=e1 a delib]ate spee*1 to a l>ge & influ5tial s*ool ( boys1 utt] ! words :i* ,i h us$2 on ! contr>y1 he employ$ 8 rhetorical p[]s to express ! idea1 )\t ei!r cle>ly und]/&+ x himself1 or giv+ ! lads a clue to x4 ,_h ! mean+ ( ! disc\rse be5 put into a few pregnant s5t5ces1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r x w\ld ev] h be5 utt]$4 ,if ,mr ,glad/one1 l ! my?ical ,elijah1 _h plac$ be=e 8 auditors1 9 nak$ words1 ! proposition--,*oose ye ?is day :om ye w s]ve1 ,fai? or ,reason1 8 disc\rse w\ld h be5 cle>4 ,ev5 8 own m9d c\ld n h pa9t$ ! two z be+ ! same ?+2 nor w\ld a s*ool-boy h fail$ to see t1 9 ! future1 he mu/ elect betwe5 indef9itely exp&+ 8 intellig5ce1 & mat]ially contract+ 8 intellect to ! n>r[ limits prescrib$ by ! fai? ( 8 p>5ts4 ,to my m9d x is sad to witness m5 ( great g5]al capacity1 l ! late ,dr ,f>aday1 & ! pa/ ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,great ,brita91 %unn+1 9 e way1 an inquiry into ! basis ( _! belief4 ,we _c reg>d ?is z a result ( simple intellectual indol5ce1 or ignorance4 ,! only cause to :i* we c attribute x1 is t weakness :i*1 by mo/ p1 is call$ moral c[>dice2 a fe>1 n s mu* ( ,mrs ,grundy--! _w & its dread laugh--b ! fe> ( "s unse51 unkn[n1 incompreh5sible dang] to !mselves--( dang]s t h no reality1 except 9 an imag9ation :i* has be5 m\ld$ long be=e ! m9d 0 capable ( ?\ght1 b ^: hold ^u ! individual is su*1 t he %r9ks f ! m5tal ef=t necess>y to efface its impressions4 ,!re is yet ano!r phase ( fai?1 :i* des]ves a pass+ m5tion4 ,x is t :i* decl9es to see or to he> a pro( or an argum5t1 le/ x %\ld be conv9c$ aga9/ its w4 ,!re are _m m5 among/ u :o1 9 ,scripture phrase1 refuse to he> ! voice ( ! *>m]1 *>m he nev] s wisely4 ,?is ob/9acy1 /upidity1 dogg$-ness1 or firmness1 is q compatible ) a p>tially cultivat$ intellect1 & is 9 itself a measure ( intellectual capacity4 ,i h he>d1 = example1 a le>n$ div9e1 b "o ^: writ+s are (t5 s bemuddl$1 t ! ideas :i* !y conta9 are z difficult to discov] z a ne$le 9 a bottle ( hay1 decl>e t he w\ld no m li/5 to an argum5t aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( ! tr9ity1 ?an he w\ld op5 8 e>s to he> evid5ce t 8 wife or "m 0 adult]\s4 ,su* /rong assev]ations we may sympa?ize )1 & ev5 admire2 b !y prove no?+ beyond ! impracticability ( an individual m9d1 or :at1 9 "s cases1 takes its place--viz41 ! injudici\sness ( ackn[l$g+ a tru?1 :5 ! enunciation ( a belief 9 x w\ld be foll[$ by unpleasant consequ5ces4 ,aga91 ,i "k ( ano!r div9e1 :o has /eadily refus$ to inquire into ! value ( :at are call$ ! ,*ri/ian evid5ces1 8 reason be+1 t he is consci\s t inquiry w\ld %ake 8 confid5ce 9 ! doctr9es :i* he tea*es4 ,he cl+s to :at he feels to be a %am1 le/ o!rs %\ld1 by 8 means1 reg>d x 9 its prop] light4 ,ano!r div9e1 :o has n fe>$ to be an inquir]1 is incessantly p]secut$ by 8 bre?r51 n because he has ass]t$ 8 intellectual fre$om1 b because1 by hav+ done s1 he has1 by implication1 ca/ a sort ( odium ^u ^? :o hug _! m5tal d>kness4 ,8 argum5t is--,c a man :o hates ! light be wor?y to speak ( ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness8 ,_! reason+ is bas$ ^u ! ass]tion1 t ^? :o live 9 d>kness1 & l x1 ne$ n be told ab\t a lum9>y4 ,if p *ose to believe t ! moon is made ( gre5 *eese1 x is m pr(itable to talk to !m ab\t its connection ) ! milky way1 ?an to say t ! notion is absurd4 ,fai? tea*es t1 :]e ignorance is bliss1 'tis folly to be wise2 :il/ reason only impels "o to habitual ?\ght or m5tal worry4 ,o!r div9es ( my acqua9tance h us$ _! reason 9 a tw(old way3 !y h ceas$ to hold _! fir/ fai?1 yet !y hold _! liv+s1 z !y h no o!r means ( subsi/5ce2 :il/ a few h1 ) _! advancem5t 9 k1 paid = _! k by embrac+ pov]ty4 ,! _w treats ^? :o walk ^u ! gr\nd ) a f> great] inju/ice ?an x treats ^? :o lie b5ea? its surface4 ,= a man :o di/urbs u 9 our fool's p>adise1 m feet ?an h&s are us$2 b to him :o only di/urb$ ! fa!r's complac5cy1 & taught ! son 9 y\?1 we erect memorial /atues4 ,jesus 0 crucifi$ :5 he 0 alive1 & deifi$ :5 dead4 ,8 apo/les 7 p]secut$ :5 liv+2 n[ t !y are deceas$1 !y are call$ sa9ts4 ,savon>ola 0 burnt alive at ,flor5ce2 n[ 8 memory is *]i%$1 & 8 wor? fully kn[n4 ,lu!r 0 dete/$ :5 he 0 able to ?und] 9 m5's e>s2 n[ he is reg>d$ z a son ( light4 ,! pres5t ,pope1 ,pio ,nono1 has f\nd an obsequi\s c\ncil1 ^: voices h decl>$ him to be infallible--a god ^u e>?2 ! "t w come :5 t ,pope1 & t c\ncil1 w be reg>d$ z ! p]sonification ( blasphemy & folly4 ,! days ( ,fai? w be ev]la/+2 b h] p[] to act wick$ly w be curtail$ m & m4 ,! reign ( ,reason advances e ye>1 = x is alli$ to ?\ght & k2 & we may fairly hope t ! old adage w be true--,magna e/ ,v]itas et praevalebit4 ,x may be said t1 9 ! prec$+ p>ts ( ?is essay1 ,i h :olly lo/ sight (1 or1 at lea/1 h n ref]r$ to ! argum5t--or ! /atem5t1 made by ! uphold]s ( fai?1 z a rule ( life--t reason has no?+ to d ) ?+s div9e1 & t :]e ,god has made a direct revelation ( ,8 w to man1 no human be+ has a "r to criticise or object to x4 ,?is k9d ( rem>k is 9 ! m\? ( e prea*]1 & ea* m9i/] :o utt]s x imag9es t he deals a bl[ s v heavy t no?+ c /& aga9/ x4 ,b 9 reality x is only a big bubble1 :i* collapses :5 x is t\*$4 ,h[1 = example1 we may ask1 c any?+ be recogniz$ z div9e1 unless human judgm5t is pass$ ^u x8 or1 ,h[ c any revelation be accept$1 unless ! m9d has exam9$ ! mess5g] & ! message8 ,:o w\ld believe ! rav+s ( a lunatic1 ev5 ?\gh he told u t ,god _h s5t him ) a message to man8 ,:y d ,*ri/ians1 z a body1 reject ! revelation made to ,mahomet1 & ! frequ5t inspirations :i* give laws to ! latt]-day sa9ts8 ,to ^! qu]ies ! reply is--,because we "k t ,god does n speak to man n[1 & t :5 ! bible 0 clos$ all revelation ceas$4 ,b :5 we inquire into ! reason = ?is belief we c f9d n "o4 ,e !ologian mu/ all[ t ! ,god :o spoke once to ,moses spoke aga92 t ,he supplant$ "o disp5sation by a second1 & has promis$ a ?ird4 ,?us we see1 t by _! own books1 ! or?odox are b\nd to believe t supplem5t>y communications mu/ be made to ! human race2 consequ5tly1 :5 any "o ass]ts t he is a div9e prophet1 8 pret5sions are exam9$4 ,! fai?ful ,*ri/ian disbeliev$ 9 ,mahomet2 ! tru/+ ,arabs believ$ 9 8 mission1 & f\ght = _! cre$4 ,!y1 l or?odox div9es ( to-day1 refus$ to use _! reason 9 ?+s div9e1 & to cavil at a revelation1 ,unable to agree1 ! foll[]s ( ,jesus1 & ^? ( ,mohamm$1 f\ght1 ! latt] almo/ annihilat+ ! =m] = a "t1 ?us prov+ ! value ( _! fai?4 ,bo? p>ties _h a firm belief--! "o 9 ! prophet ( ,naz>e?1 ! o!r 9 ! prophet ( ,arabia2 & no reason+ c\ld h conv9c$ ei!r t 8 tru/ 0 misplac$2 nor1 to ?is day1 has reason conv9c$ ! ,mahometans t ,jesus 0 sup]ior to ,mahomet1 or ! ,*ri/ian t ! ,arab sect>ian 0 a prophet at all2 & x is s+ul> t bo? p>ties call 9 reason 9 atte/ation ( _! respective cre$s4 ,is1 !n1 ! /urdy ,engli% !ologian to be cont5t to leave ! foll[]s ( ,islam alone1 because !y h fai?8 or1 mu/ he /ill endeav\r to conv]t !m by ! use ( reason8 ,c ! ,*ri/ian adopt ! belief t ,mahometan & ,mormon are bo? or?odox because !y h fai?8 & t ! ,jew mu/ /ill be de> to ,jehovah1 inasmu* z he /ill cl+s closely by fai? to ! revelation giv5 to ,moses & ! prophets8 ,if ?is _c be done1 h[ c ! foll[] ( ,jesus hope to conv]t o!rs to 8 belief1 unless by ! use ( reason8 ,if1 !n1 ! !ologian uses reason z a weapon aga9/ het]odoxy1 ^u :at gr\nd c he object to its be+ employ$ by ano!r8 ,latt]-day sa9ts h made _m proselytes 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & a ,mahometan floor$ 9 debate ! late pi\s ,mission>y1 ,h5ry ,m>tyn1 ^: propositions 7 met by c\nt] ones1 & e "o ( ^: argum5ts 0 tak5 up & retort$1 ! names only ( ! p]sons spok5 ( be+ *ang$4 ,i "k1 said ! "o1 t ,god spoke to u by ,*ri/ ,jesus--,i "k1 said ! o!r1 t ,allah spoke to u by ,mahomet ,y are wrong1 my fri5d1 said "o1 ,allah has n spok5 to man s9ce ! la/ ,apo/le di$4 ,y are wrong1 said ! o!r1 ,god has spok5 to u long aft] t4 ,y may call ,mahomet an apo/le1 if y l2 we call him a prophet ( ,allah1 & "k t he 0 "o4 ,& s controv]sy goes on n[ :]e !re is fai? )\t reason4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t tru? _c be e/abli%$ by any numb] ( p ?und]+ out ,i believe x1 & by _! victori\sly fight+ = x4 ,! argum5t1 !re=e1 :i* ,i may be accus$ ( omitt+1 is ( no value at all2 x is %e] nons5se--a w9dbag1 or1 p]haps1 x may be/ be comp>$ to a boom]ang1 :i*1 :5 badly us$1 recoils ^u ! p]son ( him :o ?rew x4 ,( su* argum5ts !ology is build$ up4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,hone/y4 ,a "q prop\nd$4 ,are div9es hone/8 ,mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,le>n]s & tea*]s--_! relations to ea* o!r4 ,hone/y expect$ 9 a pr(essor4 ,tea*]s ( religion are tru/$--!y are b\nd to be fai?ful4 ,political rights ( m5 9 respect ( ! cl]gy ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,"r to see t religion is n adult]at$4 ,man's "r to tru?4 ,:at tru? is n4 ,ass]tions requir$ at ord9ation4 ,canonical ,scriptures4 ,v]bal inspiration4 ,d\bts ( laity4 ,two s*ools--^? :o w & ^? :o w n inquire4 ,rev4 ,dr ,col5so4 ,rev4 ,dr ,br[ne4 ,preci\s /ones & pa/e4 ,h[ %\ld a d\bt be tackl$--by inquiry1 or by ignor+ x8 ,an analogy4 ,compass & bible4 ,if compass wrong1 :y /e] by x8 ,pass5g] & capta9--"o appeals to />s1 ! o!r to 8 own]s & ! seam5 "u him4 ,precision ( ,col5so--8 words falsifi$ s z to be confut$3 ?is is n hone/y4 ,is ,bi%op ,br[ne hone/ 9 controv]sy8 ,tab]nacle1 temple1 doors1 c4 ,! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y n an hone/ book4 ,papal falsehoods2 false decretals2 false lett] f ,pre/] ,john4 ,pi\s frauds4 ,influ5ce ( di%one/ tea*+ on education4 ,! po9t involv$ 9 sect>ian discussions4 ,ly+ miracles--are !y promulgat$ hone/ly8 ,is x hone/ 9 religion to promulgate t :i* we knew to be wrong1 or :i* we d>e n inquire into = fe> ( consequ5ces8 ,d ,papal au?orities believe 9 ! annual miracle at ,naples8 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur* judg$ by a rul] ( ,siam4 ,bigotry1 by n inquir+1 does n e/abli% tru?4 ,ea* man :o is deceiv$ has a prop5sity to deceive o!rs4 ,! masses agree to be deceiv$4 ,mr ,glad/one on education4 ,8 proposition t inquiry is bad if x leads to *ange ( religi\s op9ions4 ,anecdotes ( /upidity4 ,sail+ 9 se>* ( tru?4 ,capta9s :o avoid ! "r c\rse4 ,! condition ( society :5 ! s*oolma/] ov]rides ! ecclesia/ic4 ,reason & education ought to prec$e fai?4 ,result ( hone/y4 ,div9es recoil f ! hone/ tru?4 ,p>sons 9 _! pulpit prea* :at _! week-day precepts oppose4 ,hone/y 9 ecclesia/ical matt]s is n ! be/ policy4 ,div9es & ! silv]smi?s ( ,ephesus4 ,examples4 ,an hone/ p>son is p]secut$ by 8 fell[s3 ?is insures m$iocrity & bigotry4 ,if an au?or _c be p]secut$ he is avoid$4 ,ecclesia/ics p]secute _! colleagues1 b d n prove !m wrong4 ,excommunication easi] ?an refutation4 ,:at an hone/ m]*ant & div9e %\ld d :5 !y discov] a diamond to be pa/e4 ,ought ! div9e to be less hone/ ?an ! m]*ant8 ,! ,au?or's *all5ge4 ,conclusion4 ,i am n[ ab\t to prop\nd a "q :i* ,i h he>d moot$ 9 quiet by _m1 b = :i* publicity seems to be dread$ by all--viz41 ,is !re hone/y among/ ,*ri/ians1 & especially among/ ! hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,engl& & ,rome8 ,no "o c d\bt ! importance ( ! subject2 !re is n a ?\ghtful p]son :o does n1 9 words at lea/1 scorn to build up 8 ev]la/+ belief ^u a fable1 & :o does n affect to be disgu/$ ) ev]yone :o is delib]ately untru?ful ,i speak n n[ ( ^? "t-s]v]s :o reg>d e artifice to be fair 9 love1 w>1 & !ology2 b only ( ^? e>ne/ m9ds :o are anxi\s to seek out & to hold fa/ t :i* is true1 & :o1 "u all circum/ances1 resolve to be hone/ ) !mselves4 ,t !re may be no d\bt z to ! s5se 9 :i* ,i use ! ^w1 ! foll[+ may be reg>d$ z1 9 my op9ion1 ! synonyms :i* are prop]ly giv5 9 ,web/]'s ,diction>y--,integrity1 probity1 uprightness1 tru/9ess1 fai?fulness1 hon\r1 ju/ice1 equity1 fairness1 c&\r1 pla9 deal+1 v]acity4 ,to ?is may be add$--n be>+ false witness4 ,presum+ t ,engli% s*ol>s agree 9 ?is def9ition1 let me n[ inquire :e!r we--by :i* t]m ,i mean ! non-!ological class by pr(ession--h a "r to expect hone/y among/ our tea*]s--be !y ,roman1 ,anglican1 ,hib]nian1 ,scotti%1 ,unit>ian1 ,wesleyan1 or ( any o!r body8 &1 9 ! next place1 :e!r we get t to :i* we are entitl$8 ,presum+ t x is necess>y to beg9 ) ! f\ndation1 let u fir/ inquire into our rights1 & :5ce !y are suppos$ to be d]iv$4 ,! positions ( a le>n] & a tea*]--or a disciple & a ma/]--are1 9 "s cases1 diff]5t to :at !y are 9 o!rs2 = example1 ,i ne$ n1 unless ,i ?9k x desirable1 le>n a/ronomy1 *emi/ry1 ! art ( telegraph+1 or t ( %ip-build+2 b if ,i d elect to le>n any ( ^! matt]s1 & engage a man to in/ruct me1 ,i h a legal claim ^u him = 8 s]vices4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a contract betwe5 u--he engag+ to tea* me1 & ,i agree+ to pay him = 8 lab\r4 ,9 my selection ( a pr(essor1 x is q possible t ,i h n *os5 ! be/2 nay1 see+ t ,i require to be taught1 x is ne>ly c]ta9 t ,i _c assume ! position ( a judge z reg>ds ! sup]iority ( "o tea*] ov] ano!r4 ,b :5 ! agreem5t is once ent]$ into1 ea* ( ! p>ties is b\nd to p]=m 8 "p ( ! contract to ! be/ ( 8 ability4 ,if1 = example1 ,i b>ga9 ) a ma/] to tea* me ,spani%1 & ,i1 be+ :olly ignorant !re(1 am in/ruct$ 9 ,portuguese1 ,i h a def9ite legal claim = r$ress4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! law1 or ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 compels me to take a c]ta9 class ( tea*]s1 :e!r !y are compet5t or wor?less1 ,i1 z "o ( ! community1 am ju/ifi$ 9 inve/igat+ ! intellectual p[] ( ! pr(essors1 individually & collectively1 9 e way 9 my p[]4 ,at "o p]iod1 :5 autocracy1 or tyranny1 0 supreme1 ?is "r 0 d5i$1 & ! legislators made x a crim9al matt] = any "o to call 9 "q ! nature ( ! in/ruction :i* 0 giv5 to ! p 9 matt]s ( politics1 religion1 & o!r ?+s1 :]e9 ! gov]nm5t 0 conc]n$4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are few1 if any1 /ates ^: rul+ p[]s dem& f ! p su* an abject submission4 ,b1 al?\gh a republic may all[ unlimit$ latitude ( op9ion 9 matt]s ( political economy1 !re may be a religi\s section )9 x1 :i* consi/s ( ^? :o cons5t to be l$1 9 matt]s ( fai?1 by c]ta9 individuals1 :o1 on _! p>ts1 are decl>$ to be1 by "s p[] t ! laity are dispos$ to submit to1 ! only p]sons compet5t to conduct p]sons to a happy et]nity4 ,e individual 9 su* a family is associat$ ) ! re/ by volunt>y ties4 ,he may1 if he *ooses1 inquire into ! capacity ( 8 guide2 he is at p]fect lib]ty to analyse 8 argum5ts1 to inquire into 8 allegations1 &1 speak+ g5]ally1 to te/ 8 tru?4 ,if1 z a result ( ! inve/igation1 any "o is satisfi$ t ! tea*] is incompet5t1 ! two are p]fectly cle> to make new engagem5ts4 ,!re has be5 no def9ite contract1 nor c !re be any legal claim = a presum$ brea* !re(4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 !re is a ,/ate ,religion1 support$ by ,p>liam5t>y au?ority1 & to :i*1 9 "o way or ano!r1 ! majority ( ! p mu/ subscribe1 ea* man has z p]fect a "r to see t he gets :at he pays =1 z he has to see t ! memb] ( p>liam5t = :om he votes1 does n neglect ! int]e/s ( ! t[n :i* he repres5ts4 ,z an ,engli%man1 ,i h no "r to call 9 "q ! p[] ( ! ,pope ( ,rome1 ! ,patri>* ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 ! ,eld] ( ! ,mormon ,communion1 ! ,ar*-,pneuma ( ! ,spirituali/s1 or any o!r religi\s head1 to tea* 8 foll[]s any doctr9e t he may please4 ,i may laugh at ! false decretals ( ! papacy1 & ! *>latan]ie ( ! clairvoyants2 b no political "r supports me 9 my call+ !m to acc\nt = _! /ew>d%ip4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,i "k t ! bi%ops ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& are p>ties to ! =mation ( our laws1 & ,i f9d myself call$ ^u to pay ti!s or dues to individuals ( ! same e/abli%m5t1 ,i h a political "r to asc]ta91 t ! p]sons actually d :at !y pr(ess to d = _! money or position4 ,if1 = example1 ,i live 9 a sp>sely populat$ di/rict1 ,i & all my family are dep5d5t ^u ! p>son ( ! p>i% = in/ruction h[ to get to heav52 or1 z an alt]native1 if ,i d n agree ) 8 doctr9e1 ,i may ab/a9 f be+ in/ruct$ at all4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ,i inhabit a l>ge t[n1 /ill ,i am dep5d5t = religi\s tea*+ ^u ! /ate cl]gyman1 unless ,i elect to d )\t him1 & any "o else ( ! same p]suasion1 or select "s non-con=mi/ prea*] :o is to me no less (f5sive ?an ! p>liam5t>y p>son4 ,:5 a confrat]nity has obta9$1 no matt] h[1 or by :at means1 a def9ite prescriptive "r to sell a c]ta9 mat]ial to ! community at l>ge1 ! latt] h c]ta9ly a legal p[] to see t ! /uff giv5 is accord+ to contract4 ,if a company ( mill]s engage1 = c]ta9 privileges1 to sell good :eat fl\r to all com]s1 ! la/ c deprive !m ( _! exclusive "r1 provid$ t x c be prov$ ei!r t ! fl\r is bad1 or t x comes f b>ley1 rye1 oats1 or potatoes1 or is adult]at$ ) gypsum1 c4 ,presum+ t ?is argum5t is t5able1 our next inquiry is into t :i* our national *ur* pr(esses to sell1 or to imp>t1 9 return = its privileges4 ,9 ! fewe/ possible words we may say1 t its duty is to imp>t tru?1 or to tea* :at is1 9 its le>n$ & educat$ op9ion1 ! true religion = life & et]nity4 ,! ^w tru? is "o :i* lies at ! root ( our "q respect+ hone/y4 ,pilate is report$ to h said--,:at is tru?8 ,we may put ! same "q n[4 ,)\t say+ :at tru? is1 we c readily decl>e :at is untru?4 ,x is n tru? if we1 9 argum5t1 misrepres5t an adv]s>y2 affirm t he made a c]ta9 /atem5t1 & !n oppose--n ! ?+ said--b "s o!r matt] :i* 0 n spok5 ( at all1 & !n ass]t t we h confut$ him4 ,x is n tru? to affirm1 t obs]vations rec5tly made h be5 (t5times pres5t$ be=e1 & always successfully refut$1 :5 ! rem>ks 9 "q are novel1 nev] h be5 controv]t$1 & app>5tly1 are n capable ( be+ disprov$4 ,x is n tru? to affirm1 t human au?ority1 :i*1 has be5 long ackn[l$g$1 c falsify a fact1 or make an unf\nd$ ass]tion equal to a reality2 or to decl>e1 t "o religion is good & ano!r bad1 simply because ! speak] believes ! matt] to be s4 ,x is n tru? to ass]t1 t a c]ta9 book1 & e "p ( x1 is ! reveal$ ^w ( ,god1 :5 x is kn[n to be contradict$ by sci5ce--i4e4t by a k ( ! laws impos$ on creation by its ,mak]1 to be inconsi/5t ) itself1 & to conta9 int]nal evid5ce t x 0 compos$ by m5 ( small k & ( grovell+ disposition4 ,x is n tru? to affirm1 t if ,god's _w proves :at is call$ ,god's ,book to be wrong1 sci5ce mu/ be neglect$ & ! ,bible upheld4 ,x is n tru? to affirm t ,god spoke exclusively to "o p1 :5 x is kn[n t ! race 9 "q drew ne>ly1 if n q1 all _! religi\s beliefs1 f ! neighb\rs among/ :om !y 7 ?r[n4 ,x is n hone/ to prop\nd 9 ! pulpit ! propriety ( exam9+ ! ,scriptures daily1 & yet to p]secute any "o :o by do+ s becomes conv9c$ ( _! human orig94 ,x w\ld be hone/1 & prove ! exi/5ce ( a love ( tru?1 if e prea*] ( e d5om9ation sp5t z mu* "t 9 try+ ! value ( 8 text-book1 z he does n[ 9 exp\nd+ x & expla9+ x away4 ,we %\ld imag9e t a m9i/] lov$ tru?1 if he 7 fir/ to ask himself h[ he treats ! ,v$as & ,puranas1 ! ,ave/a1 ! ,koran1 ! ,apocryphal ,gospels1 ! ,apocrypha1 ! ,book ( ,mormon1 ! visions & prophecies ( ,latt]-day sa9ts1 ,fri5ds1 ,roman vision>ies1 & ! oracles deliv]$ at ,delphi & else:]e1 & !n to treat 8 own book ) ! same measure z he us$ ) ! o!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we %\ld reg>d him z untru?ful & di%one/1 if he weigh$ ! books & belief ( o!rs ) weights & scales diff]5t to ^? ) :i* he tri$ 8 own4 ,f ea* m9i/] ( religion ! p h a "r to dem& an imp>tial inquiry into ! absolute value ( ! doctr9es :i* he tea*es1 & an inve/igation into ! f\ndation1 z well z ! sup]/ructure2 & !y may require1 /ill fur!r1 t he1 l ,great-he>t 9 ,bunyan's /ory1 %all d battle ) assailants4 ,:5 su* a lead] pr(esses to fight1 b always avoids ! %ock ( battle1 he _c be reg>d$ ei!r z hone/1 or z comp>able ) ,valiant-=-tru? 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,we are !n1 z laym51 ju/ifi$ 9 requir+ t our spiritual lead]s %all take a conspicu\s "p 9 exam9+ ! gr\nds ( ! fai? :i* !y tea*1 & t ! lead]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* %all seek to e/abli% its doctr9e ^u z firm basis z x is possible to obta94 ,?is c]ta9ly involves inquiry & discussion ^u ^? po9ts :i* mod]n criticism has prom95tly advanc$4 ,:5 we turn to ! ,pray] ,book1 we f9d t ,deacons are requir$ to say1 t !y unfeign$ly believe all ! ,canonical ,scriptures4 ,prie/s are oblig$ to affirm t ! ,holy ,scriptures conta9 suffici5tly all doctr9e requir$ ( necessity = et]nal salvation1 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 c4 ,9 ! consecration ( bi%ops ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 =mula is gone ?r\gh4 ,?us1 at ! outset ( _! c>e]1 ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& commit !mselves to1 or are requir$ by law to make1 a decl>ation :i* w preclude inquiry into ! value ( ! book on :i* _! tea*+ is f\nd$2 _! fir/ /ep 9 ! m9i/ry puts x out ( _! p[] to be hone/1 if exp]i5ce %\ld tea* !m m ?an !y knew :5 "y4 ,! bi%ops & prie/s1 h[ev]1 :5 !y subscribe to ! op9ion t ! ,bible conta9s all ?+s necess>y = salvation1 d n pl$ge !mselves to ! belief t e s5t5ce1 "p1 division1 book1 or arrangem5t ( ! ,canonical ,scriptures is1 & mu/ ( necessity be1 true4 ,ev5 9 ! dawn ( ecclesia/ical in=mation 9 ,engl&1 !re 0 n a belief 9 ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,bible4 ,( late ye>s1 :5 habits ( ?\ght & ! art ( pr9t+ h increas$1 ! k1 & consequ5tly1 ! p[] ( ! laity disproportionally to ! advance made by cl]ics--a /rong prop5sity to accumulate facts1 & to argue !reupon has be5 v g5]ally develop$1 & ! increas$ in=mation obta9$ has induc$ /eadily increas+ numb]s to d\bt1 n only ! v]bal inspiration1 b ev5 ! hi/orical tru? ( ! ,scriptures4 ,:5 ?is difficulty occurr$1 or r1 :5 x became recogniz$1 s*ol>s1 no matt] :e!r !y 7 pr(essional or amateur ecclesia/ics1 divid$ !mselves involunt>ily 7we may fairly say1 unkn[+ly1 inasmu* z ea* individual work$ q indep5d5tly1 9 ! fir/ place1 ( ano!r7 into ^? :o believ$ t1 if ! ,holy ,_s dictat$ ! ,scriptures1 he mu/ h se5 t 8 amanu5sis wrote correctly2 ^? :o imag9$ t ! ,bible 0 to be tak5 9 ! lump2 & ^? :o consid]$ t ! ,scriptures are entirely ( human orig91 & absolutely valueless z a guide ( fai?4 ,consequ5tly1 ?ree s*ools h aris51 two ( :i* are ess5tially ecclesia/ic4 ,( ^!1 "o reg>ds all inquiry into ! accept$ text z improp]1 ! o!r consid]s t ev]y?+ %\ld be done to v]ify ! value ( ! s-call$ orig9al ,scripture4 ,among/ ! latt]1 ,dr ,col5so1 ,bi%op ( ,natal1 /&s out conspicu\sly4 ,( ! highe/ intellectual atta9m5ts1 tra9$ to close & sci5tific inquiry2 able1 f> bett] ?an m5 ( mean] capacity1 to weigh ! value ( evid5ce1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 he has drawn ! conclusion t ! ,bible is n :at x is g5]ally suppos$ to be2 9 o!r words1 t its hi/orical portions are n tru/wor?y1 & t !re is grave reason to believe its writ+s to h be5 produc$ = a purpose1 :i* involv$ di%one/y 9 ! scribe1 & 9 ! promulgator ( 8 writ+s4 ,! le>n$ doctor 0 hone/ 9 8 inve/igation1 & fe>less 9 ann\nc+ 8 conclusions4 ,z an upright man1 ! ,bi%op ( ,natal is z completely ju/ifi$ 9 8 inquiry into ! validity or importance ( an anci5t book1 alleg$ to be a pe>l ( great price1 a gem or diamond ( ! fir/ wat]1 z ! (ficial curator ( a museum w\ld be1 9 det]m9+ :e!r a c]ta9 ruby1 giv5 into 8 *>ge1 7 real or artificial4 ,( ! necessity ( su* an inquiry1 ! foll[+ anecdote1 :i* 0 told me by ! g5tleman conc]n$1 w conv9ce ! read]3-- ,a weal?y lady1 ( high position 9 life1 s5t to a museum1 = exhibition1 a numb] ( preci\s /ones4 ,if !y 7 really :at !y 7 suppos$ & /at$ to be1 _! value w\ld h be5 reckon$ by ?\s&s ( p\nds /]l+4 ,if accept$ z g5u9e1 & f\nd1 ^u _! re/oration to ! depositor1 to be imitation jewels1 ! curator w\ld be liable1 n only = _! value1 b 8 "* = hone/y w\ld be gone2 consequ5tly1 ere he gave a receipt = ! lot1 he te/$ ea*4 ,n "o 0 real6 ,?is man 0 9 ! position :i* ,dr ,col5so occupies n[4 ,! own] ( ! jewels 0 indignant at ! idea t ! /ones 7 false1 & ! app>5t ins9uation t imitations 7 be+ foi/$ on ! public z realities2 b h] fury did n alt] ! fact4 ,if %e 7 artful1 h] plan 0 detect$2 if %e _h be5 deceiv$1 h] ang]1 ?\gh useless1 0 ju/ifi$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m ,bi%ops :o uphold ! v]bal inspiration ( ! ,bible1 & w n inquire if ! gem be real1 or only te/ x by plans kn[n to be valueless = ! purpose4 ,"s d n g altoge!r s f> z ?is1 ,!y consid] x obligatory ^u !m to exam9e j a little bit1 b n to g too deeply1 le/ !y %\ld be =c$ to believe t !re nev] 0 su* a man z ,moses--a man :o is commonly report$ to h writt5 c]ta9 books at a di/ant p]iod4 ,"s p]sons seem to ?9k t _! hope ( happ9ess 9 ?is1 z well z 9 ano!r _w1 & n only _! own1 b t ( ev]ybody :o is "u _! in/ruction1 dep5ds ^u _! feel+ sure t ,israel 0 once 9 ,egypt--t ,abraham begat ,isaac1 & became ! prog5itor ( an innum]able (fspr+1 exce$+ 9 numb] ! ,indians ( ,h9do/an1 ! ,assyrians ( ,mesopotamia1 ! ,egyptians ( ! ,nile1 & ! ,romans ( ,italy4 ,betwe5 ^! two inquir]s1 if ! latt] class c fairly be call$ su*1 ! issue is di/9ct4 ,!re c be no difficulty among/ s*ol>s z to ! means by :i* ! "q ought to be settl$4 ,an appeal to h>d & dry facts is ! plan adopt$ by philosoph]s4 ,= m51 :o h a s+le eye to discov] ! tru?1 x matt]s little 9 :at direction _! inquiries lead !m4 ,metaphorically speak+1 !y may beg9 a s]ies ( inve/igations1 expect+ t ev]y?+ w lead !m nor?w>ds1 & !y end by rea*+ ! s\?2 j z _m an en?usia/ic1 b little in/ruct$1 man has accumulat$ pyrites1 "u ! impression t x 0 an ore ( gold1 & f\nd1 on inquiry1 t ! mat]ial 0 a sulphuret ( iron1 & ( small comm]cial value4 ,b x is ?is v possibility ( rese>* br++ !m to an undesirable goal1 :i* det]s s _m ( our div9es f mak+ any inquiry4 ,outw>dly1 !y all[ t x is _! duty1 z lead]s1 to exam9e1 n only ! condition ( _! own =ces1 b ! position & p[] ( ^? :o assail ! army :i* !y pr(ess to guide4 ,inw>dly !y f9d reasons = rema9+ quiet1 & excuse !mselves to _! foll[]s 9 "s plausible fa%ion4 ,:y1 h[ev]1 %\ld any goal be undesirable :i* leads u ne>] to tru?8 ,:y %\ld any body ( pr(ess$ly le>n$-m5 run ! risk ( be+ consid]$ want+ 9 hone/y1 or c&\r1 by avoid+ _! oppon5ts1 :om !y are 9 hon\r b\nd to enc\nt]8 ,! reply to ^! que/ions g5]ally runs ?us3--,we1 z m9i/]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 are b\nd to be fai?ful to ! ,bible1 & to x we mu/ adh]e1 :atev] our own private judgm5t may be4 ,we did n make ! law2 we simply take x z we f9d x1 &1 hav+ sworn to obey x1 we d s4 ,?is answ] w\ld be exhau/ive1 if x 7 ! fact t ! laity made ! law = ! !ologians4 ,b1 z we "k1 t ! ecclesia/ics h1 9 ! la/ resort always made laws = !mselves1 ! rejo9d] is n conclusive ,hi/ory tells u h[ m9i/]s ( religion h in/ruct$ ! p1 & h[ ^!1 aga91 h legislat$ "u ! tuition ( _! advis]s4 ,:5 ,paganism 0 supplant$ by ,*ri/ianity1 ! *ange 0 effect$ by prea*]s1 :o taught ! populace to believe ! new doctr9e1 & :o influ5c$ ! m9ds ( ! lawmak]s4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ,pop]y 9 ,engl& 0 put d[n by ! ,prote/ants1 ea* p>ty 0 head$ by its prie/s4 ,_m a m9i/]1 at t p]iod1 felt b\nd to foll[ :at he believ$ to be tru?1 r ?an to abide by a v[ made 9 y\?2 & !y :o _h upheld ! au!nticity ( ,popi% miracles1 & ( ,apocryphal ,scriptures1 ceas$ to give cr$5ce to !m1 or to use !m z au?orities 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,^! m5 7 hone/4 ,t :i* has be5 done by m5 a=etime1 may be done or imitat$ 9 our own day2 & our div9es h z great a p[] to exam9e into ! value ( ! ,bible n[1 z !y _h at ! ,re=mation4 ,if !y refuse to make ! inque/ sugge/$--9 :at way1 may we ask1 d !y diff] f ! ,romani/s 9 ! "t ( ,lu!r1 :o w\ld n inquire into ! tru? ( 8 argum5ts le/ !y %\ld be conv9c$8 ,c any "o :o pr(esses to be a ,prote/ant--a *ild ( ! ,re=mation--hone/ly refuse to inve/igate ! gr\nds ( ! fai? :i* is 9 him1 & %elt] himself1 z ,bonn] & o!rs did1 "u ! pretext ( a decl>ation or v[ made at ord9ation8 ,if ^? :o make ! excuse j ref]r$ to1 are hone/1 !y are b\nd to reject e doctr9e :i* !y1 or _! pr$ecessors1 h receiv$ f ,romi% prie/s1 :o prop\nd$ 9 adult life1 doctr9es diff]5t to ^? :i* !y pr(ess$ :5 yet almo/ *ildr54 ,to illu/rate ! t5d5cy ( our rem>ks /ill fur!r1 let u1 = a mom5t1 suppose t ! capta9 ( a %ip has1 f any cause :atev]1 adopt$ a p>ticul> compass by :i* he directs 8 c\rse1 & :i* p]haps he calls by ! "n ( ,fai?4 ,all 9 ! vessel are1 to a great ext5t1 dep5d5t ^u him = a successful voyage1 & a safe arrival at ! desir$ hav54 ,see+ h[ ! ma/]-m>9] hon\rs ! magnetic ne$le1 e ?\ghtful pass5g] w probably consult x 9 l mann]4 ,"o m advanc$ 9 k ?an ! re/ may desire to te/ ! in/rum5t by ! position ( ! pole />1 & ?9k+ t he c\ld recognize ! latt]1 might inf] t ! magnet did n po9t truly4 ,?is d\bt1 we w imag9e /ill fur!r1 he imp>ts to ! capta91 :o1 dis9cl9$ to di/ru/ 8 compass1 endeav\rs to demon/rate t ! position ( ! pole /> is d\btful4 ,9 ! place ( ! m>9]s' compass let u read ! ,bible1 &1 in/ead ( ! pole />1 let u sub/itute sci5ce4 ,we %all !n recognize ! position ( su* m5 z ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] & ,dr ,col5so--! latt] endeav\rs to te/ ! value ( ! in/rum5t :i* is mo/ us$ by *ur*m5 by c]ta9 well-kn[n means2 ! =m]1 on ! contr>y1 aims to demon/rate t :at he reg>ds z a true indicator is s 9 spite ( all :i* ! planets prove to ! contr>y4 ,to c>ry on our metaphor a po9t fur!r1 let u imag9e t ! capta9 & ! d\bt+ pass5g] appeal to ! seam5 & ! o!r p on bo>d ! b>que--! latt] tell+ 9 simple t]ms ! gr\nds ( 8 belief1 :il/ ! =m] appeals to ! passions ( ^? :o h long tru/$ him1 & only notices ! argum5ts ( 8 oppon5t to misrepres5t !m4 ,?is is :at 0 done by ! ,papi/s1 9 e c\ntry1 at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 & :i* m rec5tly has be5 done by ! ,bi%ops & ,ar*bi%ops ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :5 9 controv]sy ) ! ,bi%op ( ,natal ,dr ,col5so has 9 volum9\s works1 & ) a precision :i* e s*ol> mu/ admire1 %[n t ! ,old ,te/am5t--! compass ( *ur*m5--is n :at x is suppos$ to be4 ,aga9/ 8 views a new ,bible comm5t>y has be5 issu$1 ) ! sanction ( ! highe/ ecclesia/ical dignit>ies2 & 9 x ! au?ors /oop to misrepres5tation6 ,if !re 7 no pret5ce ( jo9t au?or%ip1 "o might imag9e t ea* writ] 0 responsible only = 8 own %ortcom+s2 b :5 !re is a p>ade ( great names1 :i* is int5d$ to demon/rate ! almo/ infallible tru? ( ev]y?+ 7except typographical errors71 "o is b\nd to treat ! contributors z be+ on a level ) ea* o!r1 & all hi]>*ical coadjutors4 ,h[ c any "o1 ) a t5d5cy t[>ds fair deal+1 *>act]ize b ) ! epi!t contemptible di%one/y1 a delib]ate quotation f ,dr ,col5so1 :i* is falsifi$1 t ! fabrication may be refut$8 ,! ,bi%op ( ,natal's argum5t is a j "o1 &1 al?\gh x is only conta9$ 9 a note & n 9 ! text itself1 is ( great weight4 ,x runs ?us 7,"p v41 p4 #ig7--,( c\rse ! fact t ! tab]nacle at ,%iloh _h doors 7#a ,sam4 iii4 #ae7-- t ! lamp 0 all[$ regul>ly to g out 9 x 7#a ,sam4 iii4 #c71 & t ,samuel slept 9 x1 & app>5tly ,eli also 7#a ,sam4 iii4 #b1 #c71 are suffici5t to %[ t ?is c\ld n h be5 ! ',mosaic ,tab]nacle4' ,?is is a fair & s*ol>ly /atem5t2 ! layman recognizes x z su*1 & looks to 8 ecclesia/ical sup]ior = an hone/ op9ion on its value4 ,:at does he f9d8 ,simply ?is--,bi%op ,br[ne answ]s3 ,! objection 7,col5so1 ,"p v41 p4 #ig7 t ! ,tab]nacle 7at ,%iloh7 c\ld n be ! tab]nacle1 9 ! wild]ness1 because x _h a 'door' 7#a ,sam4 ii4 #bb7 is r s+ul>1 if we obs]ve t ! words 9 ,samuel1 on :i* ! objection is f\nd$-- ',! wom5 t assembl$ at ! door ( ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation'--are lit]ally a quotation f ,exod4 xxxviii4 #h--',! wom5 assembl+1 :i* assembl$ at ! door ( ! tab]nacle ( congregation4' ,( c\rse ! ^w door1 f9e pe?ah1 is z applicable to a t5t door z to a h\se door1 & is con/antly us$ ( ! door ( ! ,tab]nacle 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,9 ?is obs]vation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] a false issue is delib]ately rais$2 ! quotation giv5 by ,col5so is n t\*$1 & = x ano!r1 wide ( ! m>k1 is sub/itut$6 ,9 ! v]se ref]r$ to by ! ,bi%op ( ,natal ! words are--,& ,samuel lay until ! morn+1 & op5$ ! doors ( ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 c4--doors be+ 9 ! orig9al1 dale?o?--a diff]5t ^w altoge!r to pe?ah1 & c]ta9ly 9 ! plural numb]4 ,9 o!r language1 we may say t 9 ! ,speak]'s ,bible1 almo/ e argum5t & criticism ( ,col5so & 8 ,g]man au?orities are left unnotic$ & unansw]$2 & ?is1 almo/ ! only quotation made1 is n a true "o6 ,is ?is hone/8 ,s gross1 9 my op9ion1 is ! want ( c&\r %[n 9 ?is case1 t ,i1 = "o1 _c tru/ a s+le ass]tion ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ely1 n[ translat$ to ,w9*e/]1 ev5 :5 he quotes *apt] & v]se1 until ,i h v]ifi$ ! extract4 ,b ! flagrancy ( ! proce$+ is1 if x c be1 height5$ by a ref]5ce to ! subject ,dr ,col5so 0 endeav\r+ to %[1 by ^? undesign$ co9cid5ces1 t hi]>*s pr(ess to love s mu*1 & :i* !y p>ade ) great e>ne/ness :5 x suits _! purpose1 t ! tab]nacle at ,%iloh 0 n t describ$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,x 0 p]fectly op5 to ,dr ,br[ne to adduce evid5ce t x 0 ! same4 ,?is he does n d--! s*ol> c well und]/& ! reason :y1 viz41 t a close inquiry supports ! ,bi%op ( ,natal's view4 ,= example1 9 #a ,sam4 ,l #i1 we f9d t ,eli is sitt+ ^u a seat by a po/ ( ! temple ( ! ,"l4 ,?is s5t5ce is significant 9 ,engli%1 x is mu* m s 9 ,hebrew4 ,! words po/ & temple c]ta9ly are q incompatible ) a t5t or tab]nacle4 ,9 ! ,hebrew1 ! tab]nacle is g5]ally spok5 ( z ohel1 :il/ temple is heckal4 ,/ill fur!r1 ! expression1 po/ ( ! temple1 is peculi>1 because a correspond+ "o is f\nd only once 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--viz41 9 ,ezek4 xli4 #ba1 :]e ! ,engli% v]sion has ! po/s ( ! temple1 :il/ ! m>g9al read+ has po/ ,! ^w heckal is 9 con/ant use ?r\gh\t ! lat] ,jewi% books1 b does n occur once 9 ! ,p5tateu*2 & x is a significant fact t1 9 #a ,k+s xxi4 #a1 #b ,k+s xx4 #ah1 ,ps4 xlv4 #h1 cxliv4 #ab1 ,pro4 xxx4 #bh1 ,is4 xiii4 #bb1 xxxix4 #g1 ,dan4 i4 #d1 ! ^w 9 "q is translat$ 9 our au?oriz$ v]sion palace4 ,z ! idea ( a palace--a royal resid5ce1 is totally di/9ct f a t5t or tab]nacle1 x is cle> t ! n>rative ab\t ,eli1 ,hannah1 & ,samuel1 0 writt5 by "s "o to :om ! /ory told 9 ! ,p5tateu* 0 q unkn[n4 ,! di%one/y--we speak ?us1 controv]sially--( ! bi%ops conc]n$ 9 ! new comm5t>y is n only %[n 9 ! sugge/io falsi1 b 9 ! suppressio v]i2 & no am\nt ( skill 9 argum5t or ( book-le>n+ c1 among/ ^? :o are aw>e ( ! fraud1 get ov] ! effect :i* is produc$ by ! *eat4 ,x is evid5t1 t ! que/ions :i* ! ,bi%ops ask !mselves are--,s9ce !re are s _m :o are :olly ignorant ( ?is matt]1 %all we n d m to uphold curr5t ideas by fraud ?an by tru?8 &1 ,is x n "r = u to risk our own s\ls 9 support ( a fai? :i* we d n1 b :i* ! p d1 believe8 ,9 a "t :5 all m5 are ignorant en\gh n to und]/& :at is hi/ory & :at pure fable2 :5 !y are s c>eless z n to exam9e quotations1 made f au?orities1 9 confirmation ( op9ions1 or s cr$ul\s z to believe any?+ :i* a *ur*man1 &1 p>-excell5ce1 a ,bi%op1 may affirm1 x may be reg>d$ by ecclesia/ical writ]s z a p>donable s91 if n1 inde$1 a tactical ma/] /roke1 to misrepres5t an adv]s>y4 ,b 9 ! pres5t day1 :5 all educat$ ,engli%m5 h he>d ( ! false decretals on :i* ! ,popes h f\nd$ _! claims to sup]iority1 & ! a/ute leg5d ( ,pre/] ,john1 x is bad policy = a ,bi%op to f\nd an argum5t ^u a wrong quotation1 or to imag9e t a gl>+ untru? c by any possibility support 8 position4 ,= myself1 ,i confess t ,i began to read ! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y ) int]e/1 inasmu* z x purport$ to be an exposition & refutation ( ! argum5ts aga9/ ! au!nticity ( c]ta9 ,biblical writ+s2 b :5 ,i f\nd an ,engli% hi]>* c\ld s =get 8 duty to ! tru? z to misquote su* a man z 8 episcopal bro!r1 ! ,bi%op ( ,natal1 ,i ab/a9$ f a f>!r p]usal1 = ,i f\nd ! necessity ( v]ify+ quotations involv$ m "t ?an ,i c\ld af=d4 ,dr ,col5so has1 h[ev]1 suffici5tly %[n ! vici\sness ( ! new comm5t>y1 & !re is no necessity = a second inve/igator4 ,f :at has be5 said1 we h %[n t ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & all ,prote/ant diss5t]s1 h a "r to expect f _! tea*]s an op9ion1 f\nd$ ^u le>n$ inquiry1 :e!r ! objections made by s*ol>ly critics aga9/ ! inspiration ( ! ,bible are well f\nd$1 & t m9i/]s ( all d5om9ations1 z a body1 n only %irk ! duty1 b p]secute su* ( _! frat]nity z v5ture to d s4 ,:5 an individual 9 ! community accepts a tru/ & does n fulfil x1 he is am5able to ! law2 & if x c be prov$ t !re has be5 wilful neglig5ce1 ! tru/ee may be puni%$4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 apply directly to ! cl]gy1 = ! tru/ :i* is confid$ to !m is to prea* & tea* f ! ,bible4 ,t1 c]ta9ly1 is :at !y engage to d be=e ! law1 b ! v ess5ce ( _! exi/5ce z m9i/]s ( religion is1 t !y %all in/ruct m5 9 ! way ( salvation4 ,?is tru/1 :i* is nev] put into legal phraseology1 is proclaim$ to be 9 exi/5ce by e prea*]2 & ea* m9i/]1 by implication or ass]tion1 decl>es t he is desir\s ( ex]cis+ ?is tru/ to ! be/ ( 8 ability4 ,if1 !n1 ! real value ( 8 lead]%ip is *all5g$1 he ought1 z a *ampion1 to def5d x4 ,he does s 9 e po9t1 except t :i* is mo/ ess5tial ,he w discuss circumcision ) a ,jew1 infant *ri/5+ ) a bapti/1 purgatory ) a popi% prie/1 bi%ops ) a presbyt]ian1 confession ) a rituali/1 & ! l4 ,!re mu/1 !n1 be "s cause :y ,revelation %\ld n be treat$ (4 ,if we consult human nature1 ! only causes to :i* we c assign ?is retic5ce are1 consci5ti\s c[>dice & di%one/y4 ,! fir/ is1 by _m p]sons1 reg>d$ z a duty--!y are taught t x is s9 to d\bt2 ! second is n call$ by its "r "n4 ,yet1 z we h said else:]e1 our religi\s societies are f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( s[+ d\bt broadca/2 & we d5\nce ! pi\s frauds :i* inv5t$ w9k+ virg9s & ble$+ nuns4 ,surely1 if !re be any tru? 9 ! l9e--,an hone/ man's ! noble/ "w ( ,god1 x is mo/ ess5tial t !y1 :o /yle !mselves ,8 m9i/]s1 ought to be conspicu\sly hon\rable1 c&id1 & ?or\ghly tru/wor?y 9 matt]s ( doctr9e z well z ( morality4 ,! subject on :i* we are n[ treat+ has ramifications s wide1 t x is difficult to see ! end ( ! bran*es4 ,among/ ! mo/ obvi\s is ! influ5ce :i* x has ^u ! matt] ( public education--"o :i* occupies a l>ge portion ( ! int]e/ ( our nation at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 our prec$+ vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #aac1 we h a note to ! effect t !re is mu* d\bt ^u ! subject :e!r fai? ought to be drill$ into ! m9ds ( our y\? prior to an acquisition (1 or ! p[] ( us+1 _! reason+ faculty1 & we rem>k$ t ! "q is f> too ext5d$ to be treat$ 9 a casual note4 ,! matt] 0 %ortly aft]w>ds discuss$ 9 p>liam5t1 b n "o ( ! orators v5tur$ to t\* ^u ! po9t involv$4 ,if we ask ourselves ! reason :y1 x is probable t ! answ] w\ld run--because all ! int]locutors did n v5ture to be hone/2 by :i* ,i mean1 did n wi% to utt]1 9 di/9ct language1 ! op9ions t !y held1 & ! end :i* !y s\ght4 ,!re are "s legislators :o reg>d moral c[>dice z a virtue1 & political di%one/y z a desirable k+craft4 ,if an obs]v] ( ! p>liam5t>y debates1 to :i* we ref]1 0 also a dilig5t & ?\ghtful read] ( orations made 9 c\ntry t[ns & metropolitan di/ricts1 by prea*]s & tea*]s ( all our v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations1 he w\ld readily come to ! conclusion t !re 0 some?+ und]ly+ e spee*1 :i* 0 nev] all[$ to come to ! surface--a some?+ :i* ea* 0 p]fectly cognizant (1 b :i* x w\ld be unmann]ly to "n1 or ev5 to h9t at /rongly4 ,x is n1 9 public meet+s1 or 9 p>liam5t1 p]mitt$ to any speak] to accuse an adv]s>y ( falsehood or di%one/y4 ,yet1 :at an orator may n judici\sly say ( p>ticul> individuals1 a writ] may ass]t ( a class1 or ( a s+le p]son1 if he is a repres5tative ( a body4 ,i may1 = example1 accuse ! ,pope ( di%one/y 9 misrepres5t+ c]ta9 well-kn[n facts4 ,i may equally *>ge controv]sial writ]s ) fraud1 :5 !y falsify ! words or argum5ts ( an oppon5t4 ,:oev] frames su* an indictm5t is1 h[ev]1 b\nd to take into consid]ation ! possibility ( !re be+ an un9t5tional error4 ,x may1 = example1 be true t ,popes nev] see newspap]s :i* tell ! tru?1 & t div9es may quote )\t ev] read+ ! book :i* !y pr(ess to criticise4 ,9 bo? cases ! critic acquits !m ( malice1 b only to convict !m ( culpable ignorance4 ,:5 we inve/igate h[ ?is be>s ^u education1 we ask ourselves--,d we1 z hi/orians1 or 9 our capacity ( read+ m51 "k t ! pret5sions ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome are f\nd$ ^u1 or are bol/]$ up by1 ass]tions :i* e le>n$ man kn[s1 or ought to "k1 are unwor?y ( belief8 ,to be m p>ticul>1 let u prop\nd ! "q--,does any ,papal hi]>* believe t ,francis ( ,assisi receiv$ c]ta9 bodily m>ks on 8 h&s & feet direct f ,jesus8 or t any portion ( ! blood ( a man has be5 pres]v$ = ages 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,naples1 z hav+ once belong$ to a p]son :o is call$ by ! same "n z ! fir/ mon? 9 our ye>8 ,we might readily increase our qu]ies by rem>k+ ab\t ,/4 ,d5nis1 ,/4 ,george1 ,/ ,f\-t91 & a v>iety ( o!rs :o appe> 9 ! ,roman heav54 ,our purpose1 h[ev]1 w be answ]$ if we ask1 :e!r ! ?\ghtful among/ u d n object to ! ,papal fai?1 because ^? :o proclaim x are n to be tru/$8 ,if we li/5 to en]getic ,prote/ant div9es1 we he> mu* ( ly+ wond]s1 wr\ght by ,anti*ri/1 :i* are calculat$ ev5 to deceive ! v elect4 ,^! m5 frequ5tly quote su* passages z ! foll[+3--,tru/ ye n 9 ly+ words1 say+1 ,! temple ( ! ,"l1 ! temple ( ! ,"l1 ! temple ( ! ,"l1 are ^! 7,j]4 vii4 #d72 ,!y h committ$ villany 9 ,israel1 & h spok5 ly+ words 9 my "n1 :i* ,i h n comm&$ !m 7,j]4 xxix4 #bc72 ,h ye n spok5 a ly+ div9ation1 c4 7,ezek4 xiii4 #g1 #h1 #i72 ,!n %all t ,wick$ be reveal$1 ^: com+ is ) ly+ wond]s1 & ) all deceivabl5ess ( unrighte\sness2 & = ?is cause ,god %all s5d !m /rong delusions1 t !y %\ld believe a lie1 c4 7#b ,!ss4 ii4 #h-ab74 ,inde$1 ! ma9 objection to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 among/ all ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) its secret hi/ory1 is t x is f\nd$1 & /ill exi/s1 ^u a f\ndation ( fraud4 ,!re are _m :o consid] t ! ,*ur*es ( ,engl& & ( ,scotl& h n a bett] basis2 b bo? h s _m fri5ds 9 ,great ,brita91 t ! s9s ( nei!r are closely exam9$1 except by _! adv]s>ies4 ,ea* sect>ian is fully alive to ! want ( good fai? %[n by e o!r division ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 & n only s1 b we h se51 9 our own times1 a rul] 9 ,siam :o kn[s ab\t !m too 7see ,:eel ( ! ,law1 by ,h4 ,alaba/]2 ,triibn] ,co41 ,london1 #ahga71 & is p]fectly alive to ! fact t we deceive ourselves4 ,x is a "p ( human nature t ea* individual has a prop5sity to deceive himself or h]self4 ,a *ild1 :o has be5 told t ,old ,bogy lives 9 a c]ta9 cupbo>d1 w n g & look !re92 a man :o adores a lovely wife w n believe 9 h] frailty2 & a fond woman w n cr$it ev5 h] fa!r1 :5 he tells h] t h] admir] is a wor?less sc\ndrel4 ,we grant ?is readily1 b we add ! proviso1 t we only all[ ourselves to be deceiv$ by our own fri5ds4 ,x w\ld be1 to all ( u1 a frightful infliction if our sons or daught]s 7 to tell u t we 7 "u /rong delusions1 & believ+ 9 lies4 ,consequ5tly1 ev]yone desires t 8 family %all h a simil> fai? ) 8 own4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 h[ev]1 m conspicu\sly ?an at any o!r s9ce pr9t+ 0 inv5t$1 !re is1 9 society1 a va/ numb] ( m5 :o believe1 f _! critical inquiries1 t all religioni/s tru/ 9 ly+ vanities :i* d n pr(it4 ,^! individuals h become sceptics1 9 consequ5ce ( education hav+ l$ !m to ?9k = !mselves4 ,be+ oppos$ to all1 !y are fri5dly ) none2 & al?\gh !y are n aggressive1 z a rule1 !y are vigor\sly attack$ by e sect :i* /eadily refuses to come to ! light4 ,"u ^! circum/ances e hi]>* argues3 ,! education :i* frees ! m9d f all ! %ackles ( sup]/ition is prejudicial to u1 :o e>n our liv+ hy mak+ fett]s1 fix+ !m1 & relax+ !m :5 duly paid to d s4 ,a s\nd tea*+--a /yle ( in/ruction t w induce ! ris+ g5]ation to exam9e into our pret5sions w cut ! gr\nd f "u our feet4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 endeav\r to limit1 9 "s consid]able degree1 our tuition4 ,l ! ,jesuits 9 ,au/ria & ( to-day1 !y w cram ! memory1 b n ex]cise ! und]/&+2 !y w cr[d ! m9d ) ly+ /atem5ts1 & prohibit all inquiry4 ,sect>ians1 !re=e1 z a rule1 object to education1 unless x has a religi\s elem5t 9 x4 ,!y agree 9 ?is po9t1 b diff] z to ! /yle ( fai? :i* is to be taught ,h5ce all ! diff]5ce ( op9ion1 = z ! sect>ians _c decide ^u :at fai? is to be taught1 !y object to all in/ruction :atev]4 ,are !y hone/8 ,if1 in/ead ( nurs+ a private idea1 ea* legislator 7 boldly to say :at he desir$ to obta9 & to avoid1 !re might be "s *ance ( unit$ action4 ,b :5 all pret5d to "w 9 common1 yet n "o is absolutely 9 e>ne/1 & all1 m or less1 play at make believe1 no valuable end w be obta9$4 ,"o politician1 ^: memory is t5aci\s1 & 8 tem]ity great1 _c be> ! idea t ! ,briti% m9d %\ld approximate to t ( ! ,g]mans2 &1 :il/ he eulogizes education1 he d5\nces ,/rauss4 ,n because ! latt] is n a man ( pr(\nd le>n+1 b because ! cultivation ( 8 intellect has l$ him to c]ta9 conclusions :i* are di/a/eful to an ,engli% politician4 ,?is is n hone/y4 ,aga91 our bi%ops & ! prie/hood g5]ally say1 ,education is a desirable ?+2 x is wrong = man1 :o has a s\l to be sav$1 n to seek out ! way ( salvation4 ,b if1 9 ! c\rse ( inquiry1 a s*ol> imag9es t _! way is incorrect1 he is ana!matiz$1 & 8 fell[s are in/ruct$ to believe t no "o c f9d com=t = ! s\l except 9 ! way patroniz$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,?is1 aga91 is n hone/4 ,b--& ! ^w is ( mighty import--if1 in/ead ( say+ ?is di/9ctly1 a few individuals ( high /&+ 9 ! ,prote/ant community delib]ately1 & ) ! int5tion to deceive--or to reta9 p 9 ! bonds :i* a/ute pr$ecessors h ?r[n ar\nd ! laity1 /ate1 z _! belief1 t :i* _! critical k tells !m is untrue1 or )hold k ( importance1 because !y deem its publication detrim5tal to ecclesia/ical in/itutions1 !y are n simply di%one/--!y are culpable1 & guilty ( spiritual murd]4 ,my mean+ may be illu/rat$ by "o or two p]t95t anecdotes3 ,! capta9 ( a man-(-w> 0 d\btful ( ! exi/5ce ( a rock laid d[n ^u a *>t4 ,"o day at d9n] he ann\nc$ to 8 company ! disbelief :i* he _h1 add+1 t if ! spot 7 truly describ$1 ! %ip w\ld /rike directly4 ,x did s1 & few survivors 7 left to tell ! tale4 ,! comm&] judici\sly elect$ to p]i% ) 8 vessel4 ,_h he told 8 (fic]s1 & ! di/+ui%$ pass5g]s :om he 0 c>ry+1 :at he 0 do+1 x is c]ta9 t ! dang] w\ld h be5 avoid$4 ,ano!r %ip capta9 0 address$ by a civilian :o 0 on bo>d1 & told t a hurricane 0 approa*+1 :i* might be avoid$ by /e]+ 9 a c]ta9 direction2 b1 metaphorically speak+1 ! bi%op w\ld n li/5 to ! layman4 ,! typhoon came1 ! vessel 0 p>tially disma/$2 !n ! pass5g] 0 consult$1 & by 8 aid ! %ip got out ( ! dang]4 ,! civilian 0 well read1 n 9 anci5t books1 b 9 mod]n sci5ce2 ! ma/] m>9] knew only 8 log-book1 compass1 & ! rule ( ?umb4 ,a p]son :o loses 8 %ip because he is too /upid to believe a *>t1 or ! rules ( a sci5ce1 :i* e s*ol> may te/1 des]ves ! "n ( an imbecile1 & our ,bo>d ( ,trade w\ld deprive him ( ! p[] to d any m mis*ief z a capta92 b bi%ops & prie/s may pilot _! vessel wrongly1 = none h any jurisdiction ov] !m1 provid$ always t !y /e] 9 ! old *annels4 ,x matt]s n h[ f> ! way may be %ift$1 all is suppos$ to be "r1 if ! old l&m>ks are /ill us$4 ,to make our mean+ /ill m cle>1 let u imag9e ourselves a nation ( m>9]s1 & ( ocean-travell]s4 ,we g to s*ool1 & le>n a/ronomy1 trigonometry1 geography1 physics1 & ! l2 yet1 :5 we are at sea 9 any %ip :atev]1 we mu/ neglect our k1 & tru/ implicitly to ! capta9 ( our %ip4 ,we "k t we are1 9 reality1 go+ s\?w>ds1 :5 our prop] de/9ation lies to ! nor?3 = u x is easy to read ! />s1 & ?us to te/ bo? ! *ronomet] & ! compass2 mu/ we1 !n1 be quiet because we h emb>k$ 9 a vessel belong+ to a c]ta9 l9e1 :i* is comm&$ by a ma/] appo9t$ by ! firm or company to :i* ! b>que belongs4 ,:at is ! value ( education unless x enables u1 :5 necess>y1 to f9d :e!r we are 9 ! "r way or n8 ,let u1 /ill fur!r1 suppose t we remon/rate ) ! capta91 & t he1 9 place ( argu+ ! matt] fairly1 endeav\rs to ov]ride our objections by quot+ f anci5t geograph]s1 to demon/rate t :at we believe to be ! wrong is1 9 reality1 ! only true way to g2 we may be sil5c$1 probably until we accid5tly discov] 9 ! %ip's libr>y1 a diss]tation prov+ t ! old travell]'s *>ts are wor?less4 ,:5 we f9d out t1 :at w be our op9ion ( ! capta98 ,c we believe him to be hone/8 ,if we n[ 7 to remon/rate ) our naval dictator1 & he 7 to rejo9--,my wor?y bro!rs1 ,i "k t y are "r1 & t ,i h be5 wrong4 ,i h1 inde$1 kn[n x f ! "t ,i began to be comm&]1 b my liv+ dep5ds ^u my belief 9 old *>ts & anci5t compasses4 ,i d>e n *ange my plan1 = my ma/]s w\ld dismiss me4 ,!y "k--at lea/ ,i feel conv9c$ t !y are aw>e1 t ! old sail+ directions are wrong2 b !y h n ! c\rage to say s1 or to alt] !m--& if ,i d s1 !y w ca%i] me4 ,is ! firm or company hone/8 & if we are to mete out degrees ( culpability1 to :om mu/ ! sev]e/ puni%m5t be aw>d$8 ,surely1 9 ! case ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 to h] ,bi%ops1 :o1 kn[+1 z s*ol>s1 t _! compass & *>ts are incorrect1 yet oblige ^? "u _! comm& to /e] by !m--?us compell+ ! m5 :o ought to be /&>d-be>]s 9 ! =efront ( intellectual "w1 ei!r to be sil5t1 or to fight at a disadvantage4 ,x is ! k ( ! duplicity ( a va/ numb] ( intellig5t div9es1 :i* has induc$ laym5 to take ! bus9ess ( education out ( ! h&s ( ! cl]gy z a body4 ,! ,prote/ant believes t a ,jesuit w n tea* correct hi/ory2 ! ,romani/ feels c]ta9 t1 ev5 9 biography1 evangelical n>ratives _c be tru/$2 & ,noncon=mi/s g5]ally feel t !y _c rely ^u ! in/ruction giv5 by ^? ( a diff]5t sect4 ,x is desirable to sket*1 if possible1 :at w\ld be ! condition ( society if1 9 ! place ( ! cl]gy1 !re 0 a set ( m5 tra9$ to ! (fice ( in/ructor1 & t all individuals 9 ! k+dom 7 compell$ to att5d s*ool = a def9ite p]iod 9 _! y\?4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no?+ w\ld be taught :i* is n kn[n to be true4 ,aft] hav+ ma/]$ ! rudim5ts ( k1 ! art ( read+1 writ+1 & ciph]+1 ! /ud5ts w\ld be taught to tra9 _! m9ds 9 draw+ inf]5ces f facts1 & ! art ( pass+ f imp]fect k to c]ta9ty4 ,!y w\ld be s*ool$ into habits ( exactness1 & ! necessity = c>eful inquiry be=e !y believ$ an ass]tion to h ! same p[] z a fact ,^? ^: incl9ation l$ !m to /udy "o or m ( ! arts or sci5ces1 draw+1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 design+1 weav+1 *emi/ry1 eng9e]+1 build+1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 w\ld le>n t 9 e "o ( !m k & precision are requir$ to ensure success4 ,:5 ! in/ructor f\nd t 8 pupils 7 suffici5tly tra9$ to ! ex]cise ( reason+1 he w\ld !n proce$ to expla9 ! ideas :i* h be5 ent]ta9$ by v>i\s p ab\t ! exi/5ce ( be+s1 o!r ?an ^? :i* c be recogniz$ by ! s5ses4 ,he w\ld lead 8 class ?r\gh ! geological hi/ory ( our planet1 & po9t out ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts f ! late/ =mation1 to ! prim>y rocks2 on 8 way he w\ld l+] on ! nature ( anci5t plants & animals2 f our e>? he w\ld lead !m to a /udy ( ! />s1 & !n po9t out h[ v natural is ! op9ion t all ! univ]se _h a design]4 ,!n1 aft] giv+ a hi/ory ( ! belief 9 anci5t times1 he w\ld gradually desc5d to our own4 ,he w\ld critically exam9e ! pret5sions ( any p]son :o _h1 9 =m] ages1 ass]t$1 or :o proclaim$ n[1 t he or %e knew all ab\t ?is presum$ ,creator1 & 0 *>g$ to communicate t k to mank9d4 ,aft] expla9+ ! critical te/ by :i* su* an assum$ mission might be exam9$--viz41 by accurate k ( ! e>? & ( mank9d1 he w\ld apply ?is trial to all kn[n pret5d]s to inspiration4 ,z a result1 8 pupils might pref] "o to ano!r1 or refuse to believe 9 all :i* h hi!rto appe>$4 ,9 any case1 ea* individual w\ld ent] ^u ! =m ( fai? :i* he select$ ) full k ( ! facts 9 fav\r ( x4 ,he w\ld1 !re=e1 be a disciple wor? hav+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he disbeliev$ all pret5d]s to inspiration1 8 condition w\ld be ! result ( delib]ate reason+ ^u asc]ta9$ facts1 & n built1 z all religion n[ is1 ^u p>rot lore1 taught 9 *ildhood1 ere ?\ghtfulness has begun to gr[4 ,assum+ t m5 7 ?us tra9$ by hone/ & able in/ructors1 all ^? p :o live ^u ! weaknesses & ! ignorance ( ! multitude w\ld cease _! endeav\rs to prey ^u mank9d1 & to get a liv+ by play+ ^u ! fe>s :i* s _m p]sons h ( ! unkn[n4 ,!re w\ld !n be no religi\s w>s or conte/s--no popes1 prelates1 prie/s1 nor deacons4 ,quack]y ( all k9ds w\ld cease1 & /atesm5 w\ld all agree 9 endeav\r+ to procure = mank9d ! greate/ am\nt ( available happ9ess4 ,?is w\ld be ! result ( hone/y4 ,b f su* a picture _m m5 absolutely recoil ,z ! effect ( tra9+ has be5 to make !m believe t unsub/antial ?+s are ( sov]eign importance1 !y _c endure ! idea ( man be+ :olly rational2 & !y insi/1 z does ! late ,premi] ( ,engl&1 t1 if sci5tific s*ool+ ( ! m9d leads m5 to neglect :at "s call ,revelation1 ! plan mu/ be radically bad & wor?less4 ,b to eulogise education & to deprecate its results is di%one/4 ,?is political t5et or practice resembles t ( _m a p>son1 :o tells 8 he>]s f ! pulpit t !y are to take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 = ! morr[ w take ?\ght = ! ?+s ( itself2 !y are n to take ?\ght = life1 = food1 = raim5t2 nor to lay up = !mselves treasures ^u e>? 7,matt vi4 #ai1 #be1 #cd71 & on ! week-day urges !m to lay by a /ore aga9/ ! "t ( sickness or old age4 ,su* d\ble-deal+ is di%one/1 & is unwor?y ( a ?\ghtful man4 ,if ,jesus 0 "r1 :y n en=ce 8 tea*+8 if he 0 wrong1 :y n say s8 ,is x possible t any m9i/] 9 politics1 or religion1 c believe t ,hone/y is ! be/ policy1 & yet act ) d\ble-deal+8 ,c any p]son1 :o has p[] to ?9k1 believe t he w be respect$ :5 he1 on a ,sunday1 prea*es improvid5ce z be+ taught by ! ,almighty1 & on a ,monday proclaims t m5 are wick$ :o d n make a provision = ! future8 ,if su* p 7 hone/ ) !mselves1 !y w\ld soon discov] t ! doctr9e prop\nd$ f ! pulpit is a ,buddhi/ic "o1 act$ ^u by all ! e>ly disciples ( ,sakya ,muni1 & 9 a conspicu\s mann] by himself4 ,yet1 if a p>son 7 to be c&id ?us f> to himself1 he w\ld probably say--,i _c af=d to be hone/ 9 ?is matt] op5ly1 & ,i mu/ keep ?is k to myself4 ,int]e/1 un=tunately1 det]m9es ! actions1 ev5 ( our div9es1 m ?an a rigid uprightness4 ,we are ?us at ! f\ndation ( ^? causes :i* are 9 op]ation to make ! ?\ghtful laity di/ru/ful ( ! cl]gy--x is1 t ! latt] are n hon\rable or /rictly v]aci\s--!y prea* "o doctr9e1 & act ^u ano!r4 ,hone/y is on _! lips1 b self-int]e/ 9 _! he>ts4 ,f ! ,pope to ! humble/ deacon1 !re is a consci\s retic5ce 9 e m9d--an inn] belief t _! pret5sions are n t5able1 yet an outw>d det]m9ation to proclaim !m at all haz>ds2 l ! silv]smi?s ( ,ephesus1 !y all unite 9 ! belief t _! craft is 9 dang] :5 ! apo/les ( reason appe>4 ,f> be x f me to ass]t t all ! cl]gy are di%one/ 9 ! full mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,i believe t _m ( !m h su* undevelop$ m9ds1 or su* mean intellectual capacities1 t !y are absolutely unable to ?9k ^u any subject :i* has n be5 drill$ into !m :5 _! bra9s 7 *ildi% & ductile4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h be5 s*ool$ into ! belief t d\bt & ! devil are id5tical1 & :o pray to be def5d$ f bo?--) !m1 to inquire is a temptation ( ,satan1 & s is to be manfully resi/$2 o!rs1 aga91 say to !mselves1 & sometimes ev5 to _! fri5ds--,i "k :at w foll[ if ,i g into '! evid5ces'--,i d>e n d x1 & pref] to rema9 9 my pres5t condition4 ,o!rs1 aga91 say to _! consci5ce--,i am paid to exp\nd a c]ta9 book1 9 a c]ta9 way2 ,i _c af=d to give up my position2 consequ5tly ,i w nei!r he> ( nor argue ^u ei!r ! volume or ! doctr9e4 ,!re are1 aga91 "s few religioni/s :o1 by con/antly enc\rag+ a bl9d fai?1 & repress+ all intellectual d\bts1 come at l5g? to believe _! position impregnable1 & :o tru/ x because x is1 z x 71 always kept "u a glass-case4 ,"s su* ,i "k1 or h kn[n1 p]sonally2 & h he>d f _! own lips h[ _! v accurate k ( ! ,bible has made !m d\bt its inspiration1 & h[ !y h wre/l$ ) ,god 9 pray]--to use _! own expression--until ! temptation to di/ru/ has be5 *ang$ into a *ildlike confid5ce4 ,m5 l ^! are n di%one/ to ! _w1 !y are only s to !mselves4 ,! c>e] ( "o ( my acqua9tances has be5 s /rik+1 t x des]ves a record4 ,! man ( :om ,i speak 0 "o ( p[]ful intellect1 & ( an inquir+ turn ( m9d2 b he 0 9 holy ord]s1 & _h s*ool$ himself nev] to inve/igate ! ,bible's claim to inspiration1 or any?+ connect$ ) religion4 ,he fai?fully did ! ord9>y duties ( a m9i/] accord+ to 8 lights2 b ?r\gh\t 8 m9i/rations1 9 ! composition & deliv]y ( e s]mon1 !re 0 a p[]ful und]curr5t ( ! m9d :i* 0 con/antly say+1 )\t us+ words--,y "k t y are n hone/4 ,pray] did n subdue ?is m5tal conflict1 & day by day ! und]curr5t grew /rong]4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 resolutely oppos$1 & an outw>d or?odoxy rigidly kept up4 ,( ! ?roes ( su* a man1 :5 he 0 quietly alone1 few b ^? :o h felt !m c h an idea4 ,"u _! influ5ce ! bra9 gave way1 & insanity 0 ! rew>d ( a resolute det]m9ation to be or?odox aga9/ p]sonal conviction4 ,simil> cases are n uncommon1 :5 fai? opposes reason4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r ord9>y laym5 h an adequate idea ( ! ext5t ( cl]ical di%one/y exi/+ among/ u1 n only 9 ! seats ( le>n+1 b 9 our t[ns1 cities1 & villages4 ,z ,i h _h mu* correspond5ce & conv]sation ) _m m9i/]s ( religion1 ,i h =m$ ! op9ion t p>sons ( all d5om9ations reg>d !mselves mu* 9 ! same light z trade unioni/s & non-union m51 ! two p>ties look ^u ea* o!r z ho/ile4 ,! =m]1 :o call !mselves ! or?odox1 keep up a sort ( spy sy/em ^u ^? ^: op9ions !y fe>1 because !y are n 9 ! union4 ,su* m51 if !y _h a *ance1 w\ld n scruple to ratt5 an adv]s>y4 ,!y judge ( a man by ! books :i* !y *ance to see 9 8 libr>y1 book-cases1 or ^u 8 table2 &1 )\t ! manl9ess to confront1 !y h ! weakness to backbite ^? ^: m9d is m robu/ ?an _! own4 ,z a physician1 ,i h be5 consult$ by a ,*ur* ( ,engl& m9i/]1 :o 0 suspect$ by ! re/ ( ! m9i/]s 9 8 t[n ( be+ a non-union man4 ,( /rong m9d1 he did n prea* ! usual j>gon :i* ! pulpit delights 94 ,irons ^u ,prophecy & ,inman's ,anci5t ,fai?s _h be5 se5 9 8 /udy1 & he spoke approv+ly ( ,col5so4 ,z a consequ5ce1 he 0 wat*$ 9 ! pulpit & 9 ! /reet4 ,he 0 foll[$ to ! homes ( pov]ty1 & sick folk 7 visit$1 t ! nature ( 8 m9i/rations might be se>*$ out4 ,he 0 visit$ by p]sons ( all classes1 :o1 tak+ _! cue f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 /rove to entangle him 9 8 talk4 ,be+ m>ri$1 & hav+ a family1 & no means ( subsi/5ce1 save 8 *ur* liv+1 ?is trade union p]secution made him mis]able1 & s]i\sly injur$ 8 heal?4 ,b he 0 resolute n to be di%one/1 & held on 8 way4 ,i 01 he assur$ me1 ! only p]son :om he knew t c\ld appreciate 8 condition1 & he 0 mo/ ?ankful = my sympa?y & advice4 ,he left my h\se already improv$ 9 heal?2 & ! feel+ t he _h a fri5d to :om he might always apply1 enabl$ him to be> 8 p]secution manfully4 ,he /ill reta9s 8 position1 not)/&+ all ! wiles & picket+s ( ! trade unioni/s4 ,?is spy sy/em1 m5tion$ 9 ! above example1 is associat$ ) an attempt to discov] & apply back/airs influ5ce--^? :o h ! p[] ( mak+ appo9tm5ts 9 ! *ur*1 ! *apel1 or ! meet+-h\se1 are /udi$1 & _! opportunities to remove a non-unioni/ tak5 advantage ( by cl]ical ,by-ends1 :o endeav\r to %ape _! judgm5t accord+ to t ( _! patrons4 ,?is di%one/y reacts ^u itself4 ,m5 :o prea* habitually "o set ( doctr9es to a congregation1 tie !mselves & _! und]/&+ d[n to ! l[ level ( ! majority ( m$iocrities2 & z ?is level has1 "u su* circum/ances1 a t5d5cy to l[] itself1 ! cl]gy h be5 compell$ to fall1 ) _! patrons1 f> d[n 9 ! intellectual scale1 & ! intellig5ce & educational /atus ( m9i/]s ( all d5om9ations s9ks annually l[]4 ,! proprieties ( society prev5t me f repeat+ :at has come to my e>s f ! lips or p5s ( di/+ui%$ cl]ics4 ,x w be en\gh if ,i utt] my belief t "o or m outspok5 laym5 w d m good to religion1 & advance ! int]e/s ( society m1 ?an all ecclesia/ical unioni/s4 ,9 ?is & ! prec$+ volumes x has be5 my aim to be ?or\ghly hone/4 ,9 "s ?+s ( small mom5t1 su* z ,greek acc5ts1 ,hebrew po9ts1 c41 x is probable ,i h be5 faulty4 ,i w ev5 all[1 will+ly1 t a m p]fect ,hebrew s*ol> ?an myself may e/eem my etymons fanciful & incorrect4 ,my "w hav+ be5 done 9 ! mid/ ( con/ant int]ruptions1 ,i conc$e t1 to accompli%$ bookworms1 x mu/ appe> disjo9t$4 ,b1 ) all its faults1 x is hone/2 &1 be+ s1 ,i claim ! "r to *all5ge any "o :o *ooses to ent] ! li/s1 & enc\nt] me hon\rably1 to a knightly combat4 ,i am sure t my aim has be51 & is yet1 to elicit tru?4 ,to me vitup]ation1 because ,i h run f\l ( :at are call$ e/abli%$ doctr9es1 has no m influ5ce ?an x _h ^u ! prime mov]s ( any revolution4 ,a f\l bl[1 su* z iniquit\s misrepres5tation1 w\ld probably ang] me = a mom5t1 yet x w\ld n]ve me1 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 to make an onslaught m furi\s ?an ev]4 ,) a lit]>y rascal "o _c obs]ve ! /rict laws ( knigh?ood1 except inde$1 ^? :i* gov]n ! relations ( ! noble & ! v>let4 ,i make ?is *all5ge ! m boldly1 because ! s-call$ or?odox _c p]secute me by ^? meannesses :i* !y employ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,hav+ no ecclesia/ical /atus1 ,i h no p5alty to dread f fright5$ bi%ops or malignant prie/s4 ,9 ! face ( su* a defiance ! cl]ical p>ty mu/ fight fairly1 or sl9k away z crav5s4 ,"o condition1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ make ) any "o :o ent]s ! li/s--viz41 t any misrepres5tation1 su* z t made ab\t ,bi%op ,col5so by ,dr ,br[ne ( ! ,see ( ,w9*e/]1 %all be reg>d$ z ipso facto--a signal ( defeat4 ,to return to ! idea :i* is enunciat$ at ! e>ly "p ( ?is essay1 let u contemplate :at w\ld be1 or r1 :at ought to be1 ! duty ( an hone/ man1 ^: aim is to def5d ! fai? :i* he pr(esses1 & to prove t ! book :i* he rev]es is des]v+ ( 8 confid5ce4 ,x is probable t1 if a m]*ant _h 9 8 possession a bill1 or promissory note1 :i* "s p]son _h exam9$ c>efully1 & pron\nc$ to be a =g]y1 he w\ld nev] ?9k ( p>ad+ x be=e 8 cu/om]s z a valid asset4 ,yet1 z ,i write ! s5t5ce1 memory recalls to my m9d t trad]s h done ?is v ?+1 & h c\nt$ :at !y ought to h kn[n 7 bad debts1 or fraudul5t bills ( ex*ange1 among/ _! securities = money2 & t1 :5 ! p>ties s act+ h become bankrupt1 _! proce$+s h be5 sev]ely puni%$ by ! au?orities1 z be+ di%one/ & fraudul5t4 ,! analogy is an useful "o1 inasmu* z x enables me to ask ! "q--,ought ! morality ( a 'div9e' to be inf]ior to t practis$ by a m]*ant or bank]8 ,/ill fur!r1 let u inquire :e!r we %\ld h a high op9ion ( a trad]1 :o endeav\r$ to palm (f ^u u1 z a g5u9e diamond1 an article :i* _h be5 publicly decl>$ to be a bit ( pa/e1 & :e!r we %\ld be satisfi$ ) 8 excuse--,i believe ev]y?+ is a gem t goes by ! "n ( a preci\s /one4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is & our prec$+ volumes we h1 z pla9ly z words c\ld express our mean+1 enunciat$ our conclusions ^u c]ta9 ,biblical difficulties4 ,we h1 at lea/1 endeav\r$ to be hone/2 we h n misrepres5t$ ^? ) ^: op9ions we diff]1 nor h we tri$ to %irk any "q1 h[ev] difficult x may h be54 ,we claim a correspond+ degree ( hone/y f ^? :o pr(ess to be au?oris$ guides--& c]ta9ly are 9 ! position at pres5t ( national lead]s 9 religion4 ,we are n l an un=tunate cl]k 9 holy ord]s1 :o c be sil5c$ by law4 ,we are1 on ! contr>y1 a /rang] knight :o comes to a t\rney1 & claims ! "r to combat ) ! mo/ r$\btable ( ! *ampions ( _! c\rt & k+dom4 ,/ill fur!r1 we assume ! p[] to write ^? d[n z c[>ds :o1 ^u any pret5ce :atev]1 decl9e to compete 9 ! li/s ) u4 ,9 ! days ( *ivalry !re 0 n a knight :o w\ld n h be5 reg>d$ z crav51 if he decl9$ a combat because 8 *all5g] did n speak or write ,fr5* correctly1 or _h a speck ( ru/ on 8 arm\r1 a d9t 9 8 %ield1 or a hole 9 8 brea/plate4 ,yet1 9 ^! deg5]ate days1 we see t poltroons refuse to ent]ta9 ! argum5ts ( a writ] :o1 f any cause :atev]1 appe>s to be inaccurate 9 ,hebrew po9ts1 or consonants1 or ,greek acc5ts1 or translit]ation4 ,= ourselves1 we reg>d e excuse :i* is fram$ to avoid meet+ a fairly /at$ argum5t z a pro( ( weakness1 & :5 x is utt]$ by a pr(essional *ampion1 z an act ( c[>dice4 ,:5 su* *ampions are paid by a /ate to uphold ! hon\r ( _! c\ntry1 to avoid a *all5ge by evasion is di%one/y4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 9 knightly days1 "s e/abli%$ law ( *ivalry t no *ampion ne$ fight a squire or v>let2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 no nobleman c\ld refuse to ent] ! li/s on ! plea t 8 *all5g] _h a diff]5t fai? to 8 own4 ,combats betwe5 ,*ri/ians & ,paynim 7 common4 ,consequ5tly1 we _c reg>d a bi%op ju/ifi$ 9 decl9+ a fair *all5ge1 because he is invit$ to ent] ! li/s by an ,infidel4 ,consid]+ myself z an univ]sity graduate & an ,engli% g5tleman1 entitl$ to give a lit]>y *all5ge1 ,i make no scruple to ent] ! li/s1 & invite *ampions to break a lance ) me 9 fav\r ( _! patron sa9t or lady4 ,i ass]t t _! tutel>y sa9ts--,adam1 ,abraham1 ,david1 ,moses1 ,solomon1 & ! prophets1 are imag9>y be+s1 or1 :]e real1 7 n z wor?y z !y are suppos$ to h be54 ,i defy s*ol>s to prove t ! ,israelites 7 ev]1 z a body1 9 ,egypt2 t !y 7 deliv]$ !refrom by ,moses2 t ! p w&]$ dur+ =ty ye>s 9 ! des]t2 receiv$ a code ( laws f ,jehovah on ,s9ai2 & 71 9 any s5se :atev] ( ! words1 ! *os5 p ( ,god4 ,i ass]t t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is untrue1 ) ! exception ( a few p>ts :i* tell ( unimportant ev5ts--e4g41 x is probable t ! ,jews f\ght ) _! neighb\rs1 z ! ,swiss h done 9 mod]n days--b ,i d n believe ! tale ab\t ,samson any m ?an t ( ,william ,tell4 ,i ass]t t !re is n a s+le true prophecy 9 ! :ole ,bible1 :i* c be prov$ to h be5 writt5 be=e ! ev5t to :i* x is assum$ to po9t1 or :i* is sup]ior1 9 any way1 to ! oracles deliv]$ 9 v>i\s anci5t l&s4 ,i ass]t t ! :ole ( :at1 is call$ ! ,mosaic law _h no exi/5ce 9 ! days ( ,david1 ,solomon1 & ! e>ly ,hebrew *iefta9s--or k+s--if !y are ?\ght to des]ve ! title4 ,"h !re is no room = evasion--! issue is cle>2 ! cause to be adjudg$ by combat is unmi/akable4 ,z ! weapons on bo? sides mu/ necess>ily be lit]>y--! p51 & n lance or spe>1 x is advisable to say a few words !reupon4 ,9 argum5t ,i d n recognize t /yle ( logic :i* consid]s t ! words x may be are equal to x is4 ,i am induc$ to make ?is rem>k1 because 9 !ological works1 ! two =ms are con/antly us$ z if !y 7 id5tical4 ,_m ye>s ago1 a ne> relative1 /ay+ 9 my h\se1 0 prep>+ = ord9ation 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & among/ o!r hooks1 _h a c]ta9 "w ( ! late ,c>d9al ,wiseman1 = p]usal--) ! int5tion ( collect+ mat]ials = refut+ x4 ,he told me t ! ,papal ,ar*bi%op 0 too /rong = him1 & reque/$ my aid4 ,z a result1 ,i became famili>1 n only ) _m dogmatic writ+s ( ! ,roman1 b also ( ! ,anglican1 ,*ur*4 ,all ( !m _h1 9 my e/imation1 ! same logical fault4 ,_! au?ors imag9$ t any giv5 po9t is prov$ :5 x c be %[n t ! occurr5ce 9 "q may h happ5$4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod ,i discov]$ t ?is 0 ! preval5t argum5t among/ writ]s 9 my own pr(ession4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 suppos$ g5]ally1 t success 9 prov+ an oppon5t to be wrong1 is ! same z demon/rat+ y\r own propositions to be "r4 ,! writ]s 9 ! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y ^u ! ,bible h n advanc$ beyond ?is4 ,a ?\s& su* commonplaces z fill its pages1 are wor?less to ! philosophical inquir]1 & ,i no m reg>d !m1 ?an a knight w\ld a t>ge & lance made ( b>ley-sug>4 ,my *all5ge1 h[ev]1 is n conf9$ to ! subject ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ,i affirm t ! ,new ,te/am5t is equally untrue--al?\gh n to ! same degree4 ,yet1 z 9 ! latt]1 !re are n s _m ass]t$ facts1 !re _c be s _m po9ts = cavil4 ,to be m specific3 ,i ass]t t ! hi/ory ( ,jesus 0 fram$ ^u t ( ,sakya ,muni1 & v probably at ,alex&ria1 long aft] ! dea? ( ! son ( ,m>y4 ,i d n d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus2 b ,i ass]t t e miracle :i* is told respect+ him--& ! n>rative ( 8 miracul\s conception1 & ( ! m>vels occurr+ at 8 bir?1 h no f\ndation 9 fact4 ,x is unnecess>y to repeat :at ,i h already said ^u su* po9ts z orig9al s91 ! fall ( man1 & ! ne$ ( a ,savi\r4 ,9 :at ,i n[ say or write1 ,i am p]fectly hone/4 ,i h n be5 paid to prea* a c]ta9 doctr9e1 :e!r my und]/&+ ass5ts to x or n ,i affirm1 moreov]1 t ! com=t 9 :i* ,i live1 is :olly unbrok5 by any fe>s = ! future2 & t ,i look back ^u ! p]iod :5 my days & nights 7 made wret*$ by sup]/ition1 & rejoice t ,i am emancipat$ f ! %ackles ( ,ecclesia/ics4 ,! ,*ur*1 & e sect ( x1 :i* is kn[n 9 ,*ri/5dom1 is1 9 my op9ion1 unfit to be tru/$ by ?\ghtful human be+s4 ,its vot>ies are only happy 9 proportion to _! p[] ( =gett+ its doctr9es1 or expla9+ !m away4 ,yet all1 z ,i said 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( my second volume1 agree to make believe1 & by d9t ( p]si/5tly do+ s1 end 9 p]suad+ !mselves t !y are clo!d ) lovely g>m5ts--:i* h no exi/5ce1 save 9 ! op9ion ( ! we>]4 ,my :ole life has be5 pass$ among/ religioni/s ( m or less piety4 ,i h kn[n !m 9 public & 9 private1 9 _! connection ) ! _w1 & _! relations ) wife1 *ildr51 & s]vants4 ,i am also famili> ) "s :o are av[$ free-?9k]s4 ,z an imp>tial judge1 & c]ta9ly hav+ ! desire to be an hone/ "o1 ,i decl>e t ! s-call$ irreligion or infidelity ( ! latt] makes !m bett] citiz5s ( ! _w1 bett] fa!rs ( a family1 & bett] prie/s to ^? :o are /ruggl+ ) mis=tune1 ?an ! religion--or?odox or non-con=mi/--( ! =m] induces !m to become4 ,if !re 7 9 reality1 z !re 0 once 9 fable1 a doma9 9 :i* e "o 0 con/ra9$ to speak ! tru?2 & if1 /ill f>!r1 "o c\ld c>ry !reto e religioni/1 & inquire into 8 belief1 ,i feel sure t ^? :om ! pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians affect to despise z infidels1 w\ld be ! only ones :o w\ld be f\nd fai?ful 9 private1 to ! pr9ciples :i* !y pr(ess 9 public4 ,if1 = an example1 ! "q 7 put to bo? ,:at is hone/y8 ! answ] ( ! free-?9k]s w\ld be--,do+ to o!rs1 9 e position ( life1 t :i* y w\ld wi% o!rs to d to y2 ! reply ( ! dogmatic w\ld be ! same1 ) ! important addition--,except 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,my read]s mu/ n imag9e t ,i am ha/y or unscrupul\s 9 :at is pass+ f my m9d to my p54 ,!re nev] 0 a "t 9 :i* ,i h felt m deeply t my duty1 z an indep5d5t man1 is to speak pla9ly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is n "o s+le religioni/ ( my acqua9tance1 to :om ! words--,ye "k n :at mann] ( _s ye are ( 7,luke ix4 #ee7--;d n apply4 ,on ! %elves ( my libr>y are books writt5 by almo/ all classes ( au?ors1 & 9 _m diff]5t languages4 ,x has be5 a self-en=c$ duty to comp>e _! cont5ts1 & to endeav\r1 /ill fur!r1 to elicit f ^? :o are n writ]s1 in=mation :i* may assi/ me 9 =m+ a correct idea ^u any p>ticul> po9t4 ,up to ! pres5t "t ,i h n f\nd "o s+le "w1 :i* has relation to ! religion ( oppon5ts1 & is writt5 by a p>son1 ?or\ghly tru/wor?y or hone/ ,ev]yone is guilty1 ei!r ( ! suppressio v]i or sugge/io falsi--g5]ally ( bo?4 ,a book emanat+ f a prie/ is bad1 t f a bi%op is worse4 ,col5so1 :om ,i reg>d z ! only ?or\ghly tru?ful memb] ( ! episcopal hi]>*y1 is ! "o :o is m f\lly treat$ by religioni/s ?an any o!r m9i/] has ev] be5--,tis true1 'tis pity1 & pity 'tis1 'tis true4 ,we may be p>don$1 if we close ?is *apt] by ! expression ( our views z to ! religion :i* w prevail :5 m5 h ?\ght z mu* ^u _! future life z ^u _! pres5t1 & are hone/ ) !mselves3 #a4 ,!y w try to =m "s di/9ct idea ( :at w\ld be to !m a heav52 b1 z !y w be :olly unsuccessful1 !y w cease to speculate ^u x4 #b4 ,!y w cease to fe> a hell1 kn[+ t1 if !re be any immortal "p ( man1 x mu/ be immat]ial2 !y w n believe t x c be torm5t$ by mat]ial fires1 =ks1 & furies4 #c4 ,!y w cease to pay any att5tion to m5 :o call !mselves prophets1 div9e mess5g]s1 or vic>s ( ,god on e>?1 :e!r !y use ly+ wond]s or n4 #d4 ,in/ead ( con/antly cogitat+ h[ mu* !y c s9 aga9/1 & yet get p>don f1 "s unkn[n deity1 !y w recognize ! laws ( nature = _! guide1 & live 9 communities z _! reason dictates4 ,! future w be left :olly 9 ! p[] ( ! ,creator4 #e4 ,!re w be no belief 9 a tr9ity1 9 a virg9 "m ( ,god1 9 int]cessors ( any k9d :atev] betwe5 human be+s & ! invisible ,god2 ea* man & woman w be indep5d5t & alone 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,supreme4 #f4 ,man w no long] try to usurp ! place ( ,god1 & p]secute 8 fell[ mortal on religi\s gr\nds4 #g4 ,!re w be no prie/s or m9i/]s ( religion2 b !re w be in/ructors 9 sci5ce1 9 ! laws ( life1 & moral ord]2 !re w be magi/rates to en=ce social propriety1 & e/abli%m5ts :]e ! insane & ! crim9al c be seclud$4 #h4 ,!re w be no /rife ab\t religion1 = ea* w att5d to 8 own p]sonal conc]ns4 #i4 ,! laws ( nature w be /udi$ z reg>ds m>riage & family2 ! infect$ w n be all[$ to p]petuate a feeble race1 nor ! diseas$ infant be pamp]$1 t x may live to a sickly & useless maturity499 99 ,we may add1 t !re w !n be nei!r silly wom5 nor crot*ety m51 :o w enc\rage free trade 9 =nication1 & ! diffusion ( loa?some diseases1 & endeav\r to promote unnecess>y suff]+ by _! opposition to ! me?ods ( avoidance4 #aj4 ,no law w be made b t :i* is drawn f a /udy ( ! ways ( ! ,creator1 & ! prop] requirem5ts ( ,8 creatures4 #aa4 ,e pret5d] to revelation1 or inspiration1 w be inc>c]at$ z a rogue or a lunatic4 #ab4 ,! aim ( all w be individual & g5]al com=t1 & z mu* happ9ess z is compatible ) humanity4 ,:5 ea* does to o!rs z he w\ld be done by1 ! mill5nium1 s mu* talk$ (1 w h come4 ,,app5dix4 #bg? ,m>*1 #ahge4 ,de> ,dr ,inman1 ,at pp4 #aa & #ha ( y\r new volume1 ! pro(-%eets ( :i* y 7 good en\gh to %[ me1 y intimate t an e>li] orig9 c be f\nd = all ,hebrew fea/s & obs]vances except+ ! ,sabba?4 ,x w\ld appe>1 f discov]ies made & works publi%$ s9ce y began to write1 t y ne$ n make ev5 ?is exception4 ,!re are1 ,i ?9k1 pla9 indications ( a ,sabba? among ! ,egyptians1 & pro(s ( its obs]vance by ! ,assyrians4 ,dr ,g4 ,g4 ,z]ffi1 9 a note app5d$ to ,mr ,tyss5's ,orig9 ( ! ,week99 says--,judg+ f ! ,egyptian my?ology1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t !y _h "s correct notions ( ! division ( "t4 ,_! eight gods ( ! fir/ ord] po9t to an inc>nation ( ! cosmical =ces1 or ! planet>y sy/em4 ,! twelve gods ( ! second ord] und\bt$ly presid$ ov] ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>2 :il/ ! sev5 gods ( ! ?ird ord] 7 to wat* ov] ! sev5 days ( ! week44444 ,! ,teutons h inh]it$ ! division1 n only ( ! week 9 sev5 days1 b also ! names by :i* ^! days are call$1 f ! ,indians44444 7,bohl5's ,das alte ,indi52 ,to?1 by ,dr ,uhlemann2 & ,buns5's ,egypt's ,place 9 ,hi/ory2 ,tacitus1 ,suidas1 ,pl9y1 & ,amosis74 99 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,week ,expla9$1 by ,a4 ,d4 ,tyas51 ,b4,c4,l41 ,m4,a42 ,williams ,noigate1 #ahge4 ,^!1 p]haps1 are only :at ,i h call$ !m1 indications ( a ,sabba?1 s9ce x is conceivable t a week ( sev5 days might exi/ )\t "o day be+ m sacr$ ?an ano!r4 ,a pla9] indication may be f\nd 9 ! ,hymn to ,am5-,ka1 :i* exi/s ^u a hi]atic papyrus1 judg$ to be ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,b4,c41 & purport+ to be only a copy ( an e>li] writ+4 ,i quote f\r l9es1 & call att5tion to ! f\r?3-- ,o6 ,ra ador$ 9 ,aptu ,!bes3 ,high-cr[n$ 9 ! h\se ( ! obelisk ,heliopolis3 ,k+ 7,ani7 ,"l ( ! ,new-moon fe/ival3 ,to :om ! six? & sev5? days are sacr$499 ,:5 we leave ,egypt = ,assyria1 we pass f indication to pro(4 ,at p4 #ab ( ,george ,smi?'s ,assyrian ,discov]ies19999 ! au?or says--,9 ! ye> #ahfi ,i discov]$1 among o!r ?+s1 a curi\s religi\s cal5d> ( ! ,assyrians1 9 :i* e mon? is divid$ into f\r weeks1 & ! sev5? days1 or ',sabba?s' are m>k$ out z days on :i* no "w %\ld be und]tak54 ,m precise in=mation z to ^! ,sabba?-days is giv5 by ,rev4 ,a4 ,h ,sayce1 ,m4,a41 9 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 ,i41 p4 #afd1 :]e ! foll[+ words occur3--,! ,babylonian ye> 0 divid$ into twelve mon?s ( ?irty days ea*1 ) an int]cal>y mon? e six ye>s4444 ,accord+ to ! lun> division1 ! sev5?1 f\rte5?1 n9ete5?1 tw5ty-fir/1 & tw5ty-eigh? days 7 days ( 're/' on :i* c]ta9 works 7 =bidd54 99 ,translat$ by ,c4 ,w4 ,goodw91 ,m4,a41 9 ,records ( ! ,pa/1 vol4 ,,ii ,bag/] ,sons4 9999 ,sampson ,l[1 ,co41 #ahge4 ,! ,assyrian leg5ds tell ( sev5 evil spirits :o rebell$ aga9/ ! gods2 ( ! goddess ,i%t> desc5d+ to ,hades1 & pass+ ?r\gh sev5 gates2 ( a deluge1 ! duration ( :i* 0 sev5 days1 c41 c4 ,mr ,h4 ,f4 ,talbot1 ,f4,r4,s41 speaks ( ! great degree ( hol9ess :i* ! ,assyrians attribut$ to ! numb] sev51 & :]e t numb] 0 sacr$1 ! sev5? day c\ld sc>cely escape special hon\rs4 ,:y ! numb] sev5 0 sacr$1 or :e!r ! ,babylonian ,sabba? 0 at fir/ any m ?an an unlucky day1 l ! sailor's ,friday1 :5 x 0 s[+ = ! :irlw9d to beg9 any ent]prise1 are o!r que/ions4 ,i am1 y\rs fai?fully1 ,,george ,,/4 ,,clair4 ,^! obs]vations ( ,mr ,/ ,clair des]ve att5tion1 = !y %[ t1 f an anci5t p]iod1 a six? & sev5? day 7 holy 9 ,egypt1 al?\gh we _c discov] f ! context :e!r !y 7 reckon$ aft] ! fir/ day ( a ye>1 a mon?1 or a week4 ,b ?is is ( small importance1 z ,i d n f9d evid5ce t ! ,jews borr[$ any ,egyptian ideas1 ev5 if !y ev] knew any4 ,x is f> m important to "k1 t 9 ! ,assyrian cal5d> ! sev5?1 f\rte5?1 n9ete5?1 tw5ty-fir/1 & tw5ty-eigh? days ( ! mon? 7 days ( re/1 = all ,biblical te/imony po9ts to ! adoption ( ! ,jewi% ,sabba? 9 ! "t ( ! second ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 & ,ezekiel--i4e41 n v long aft] ! ,assyrians made _! p[] felt 9 ,pale/9e4 ,:5 we consid] ! prop5sity :i* ! ,hebrews _h to copy p>ts ( ! religion ( ^? :o conqu]$ !m1 x is highly probable t "s a/ute prie/ ( ! ,jews adopt$ ! idea ( consecrat+ a sev5? day1 z _! ,mesopotamian adv]s>ies _h done1 to ! mo/ high god ,saturn2 & z x 0 desirable to h "s pret5ce = ! introduction ( ! ,sabba?1 x 0 natural t x %\ld be put "u ! same head z ! new moon1 & t /ories %\ld be inv5t$1 & gradually circulat$1 ( ! va/ antiquity ( ! new in/itution4 ,x is cle>1 f ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 t ! ,sabba? 0 n g5]ally kn[n among/ ! common p until long aft] ! return f ,babylon4 ,_h x be5 s1 ,ezra w\ld n h ?und]$ s en]getically 9 its fav\r4 ,! same rem>k applies to ,nehemiah4 ,i h else:]e rem>k$ t ! ,sabba? 0 unkn[n to ,david & ,solomon1 & may n[ add t any "o :o w read ! episode 9 ! hi/ory ( ,elijah1 record$ #a ,k+s xix4 #g1 #h1 w see t ?is prophet c\ld h kn[n no?+1 & ! angel :o spoke to him c\ld h kn[n no m1 ( ! ,mosaic ,sabba?1 inasmu* z ! latt] directs1 & ! =m] obeys1 an ord] :i* mu/ h involv$ a break+ ( ! re/ ( at lea/ five1 & possibly six1 ,sabba?s4 ,! :ole life1 inde$1 ( ,elijah %[s a p]fect ignorance ( ?is s-call$ ,mosaic in/itution4