,,humboldt  ,by ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll      
,,humboldt  ,,! ,,univ]se ,,is ,,gov]n$ 
,,by ,,law4  ,,great m5 seem to be a "p 
( ! inf9ite--bro!rs ( ! m\nta9s & !     
seas4  ,humboldt 0 "o ( ^!4 ,he 0 "o (  
^? s]5e m51 9 "s respects l our own     
,frankl91 ^: names h all ! lu/re ( a />4
 ,he 0 "o ( ! few1 great en\gh to rise  
above ! sup]/ition & prejudice ( 8 "t1 &
 to "k t exp]i5ce1 obs]vation1 & reason 
are ! only basis ( k4  ,he became "o ( !
 greate/ ( m5 9 spite ( hav+ be5 born   
ri* & noble--9 spite ( position4 ,i say 
9 spite ( ^! ?+s1 because weal? &       
position are g5]ally ! enemies ( g5ius1 
& ! de/roy]s ( tal5t4  ,x is (t5 said ( 
?is or t man1 t he is a self-made man--t
 he 0 born ( ! poore/ & humble/ p>5ts1 &
 t ) e ob/acle to ov]come he became     
great4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,pov]ty is     
g5]ally an advantage4 ,mo/ ( !          
intellectual giants ( ! _w h be5 nurs$  
at ! sad & lov+ brea/ ( pov]ty4 ,mo/ (  
^? :o h climb$ highe/ on ! %9+ ladd] (  
fame comm5c$ at ! l[e/ r\nd4 ,!y 7 re>$ 

9 ! /raw-?at*$ cottages ( ,europe2 9 !  
log-h\ses ( ,am]ica2 9 ! factories ( !  
great cities2 9 ! mid/ ( toil2 9 ! smoke
 & d9 ( labor1 & on ! v]ge ( want4 ,!y 7
 rock$ by ! feet ( mo!rs ^: h&s1 at !   
same "t1 7 busy ) ! ne$le or ! :eel4  ,x
 is h>d = ! ri* to resi/ ! ?\s&         
allurem5ts ( pleasure1 & s ,i say1 t    
,humboldt1 9 spite ( hav+ be5 born to   
weal? & high social position1 became    
truly & gr&ly great4  ,9 ! antiquat$ &  
romantic ca/le ( ,tegel1 by ! side ( !  
p9e =e/1 on ! %ore ( ! *>m+ lake1 ne> ! 
beautiful city ( ,b]l91 ! great         
,humboldt1 "o hundr$ ye>s ago to-day1 0 
born1 & !re he 0 educat$ aft] ! me?od   
sugge/$ by ,r\sseau1--,campe1 !         
philologi/ & critic1 & ! intellectual   
,kun? be+ 8 tutors4 ,!re he receiv$ !   
impressions t det]m9$ 8 c>e]2 !re !     
great idea t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by law1
 took possession ( 8 m9d1 & !re he      
d$icat$ 8 life to ! demon/ration ( ?is  
sublime tru?4  ,he came to ! conclusion 
t ! s\rce ( man's unhapp9ess is 8       

ignorance ( nature4  ,aft] hav+ receiv$ 
! mo/ ?or\gh education1 at t "t         
possible1 & hav+ det]m9$ to :at end he  
w\ld devote ! labors ( 8 life1 he turn$ 
8 att5tion to ! sci5ces ( geology1 m9+1 
m9]alogy1 botany1 ! di/ribution (       
plants1 ! di/ribution ( animals1 & !    
effect ( climate ^u man4 ,all gr&       
physical ph5om5a 7 inve/igat$ & expla9$4
 ,f 8 y\? he _h felt a great desire =   
travel4 ,he felt1 z he says1 a viol5t   
passion = ! sea1 & long$ to look ^u     
nature 9 h] wilde/ & mo/ rugg$ =ms4 ,he 
long$ to give a physical description ( !
 univ]se--a gr& picture ( nature2 to    
acc\nt = all ph5om5a2 to discov] ! laws 
gov]n+ ! _w2 to d away ) t spl5did      
delusion call$ special provid5ce1 & to  
e/abli% ! fact t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by 
law4  ,to e/abli% ?is tru? 01 & is1 (   
inf9ite importance to mank9d4 ,t fact is
 ! dea?-knell ( sup]/ition2 x gives     
lib]ty to e s\l1 annihilates fe>1 & u%]s
 9 ! ,age ( ,reason4  ,! object ( ?is   
illu/ri\s man 0 to compreh5d ! ph5om5a (

 physical objects 9 _! g5]al connection1
 & to repres5t nature z "o great :ole1  
mov$ & animat$ by int]nal =ces4  ,= ?is 
purpose he turn$ 8 att5tion to          
descriptive botany1 trav]s+ di/ant l&s &
 m\nta9 ranges to asc]ta9 ) c]ta9ty !   
geographical di/ribution ( plants4 ,he  
inve/igat$ ! laws regulat+ ! diff]5ces (
 temp]ature & climate1 & ! *anges ( !   
atmosph]e4 ,he /udi$ ! =mation ( ! e>?'s
 cru/1 explor$ ! deepe/ m9es1 asc5d$ !  
highe/ m\nta9s1 & w&]$ ?r\gh ! crat]s ( 
ext9ct volcanoes4  ,he became ?or\ghly  
acqua9t$ ) *emi/ry1 ) a/ronomy1 )       
t]re/rial magnetism2 & z ! inve/igation 
( "o subject leads to all o!rs1 = !     
reason t !re is a mutual dep5d5ce & a   
necess>y connection betwe5 all facts1 s 
,humboldt became acqua9t$ ) all ! kn[n  
sci5ces4  ,8 fame does n dep5d s mu* ^u 
8 discov]ies 7al?\gh he discov]$ en\gh  
to make hundr$s ( reputations7 z ^u 8   
va/ & spl5did g5]alizations4  ,he 0 to  
sci5ce :at ,%akespe>e 0 to ! drama4  ,he
 f\nd1 s to speak1 ! _w full (          

unconnect$ facts--all portions ( a va/  
sy/em--p>ts ( a great ma*9e2 he discov]$
 ! connection t ea* be>s to all2 put !m 
toge!r1 & demon/rat$ beyond all         
contradiction t ! e>? is gov]n$ by law4 
,he knew t to discov] ! connection (    
ph5om5a is ! prim>y aim ( all natural   
inve/igation4 ,he 0 inf9itely practical4
  ,orig9 & de/9y 7 que/ions ) :i* he _h 
no?+ to d4  ,8 surr\nd+s made him :at he
 04  ,9 accordance ) a law n fully      
compreh5d$1 he 0 a production ( 8 "t4   
,great m5 d n live alone2 !y are        
surr\nd$ by ! great2 !y are ! in/rum5ts 
us$ to accompli% ! t5d5cies ( _!        
g5]ation2 !y fulfill ! prophecies ( _!  
age4  ,ne>ly all ( ! sci5tific m5 ( !   
eighte5? c5tury _h ! same idea ent]ta9$ 
by ,humboldt1 b mo/ ( !m 9 a dim &      
confus$ way4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a g5]al     
belief among ! intellig5t t ! _w is     
gov]n$ by law1 & t !re really exi/s a   
connection betwe5 all facts1 or t all   
facts are simply ! diff]5t aspects ( a  
g5]al fact1 & t ! task ( sci5ce is to   

discov] ?is connection2 to compreh5d ?is
 g5]al fact or to ann\nce ! laws ( ?+s4 
,g]many 0 full ( ?\ght1 & h] univ]sities
 sw>m$ ) philosoph]s & gr& ?9k]s 9 e    
dep>tm5t ( k4  ,humboldt 0 ! fri5d &    
companion ( ! greate/ poets1 hi/orians1 
philologi/s1 arti/s1 /atesm51 critics1 &
 logicians ( 8 "t4  ,he 0 ! companion ( 
,s*ill]1 :o believ$ t man w\ld be       
reg5]at$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( !           
,beautiful2 ( ,goe!1 ! gr& patri>* (    
,g]man lit]ature2 ( ,wei-l&1 :o has be5 
call$ ! ,voltaire ( ,g]many2 ( ,h]d]1 :o
 wrote ! outl9es ( a philosophical      
hi/ory ( man2 ( ,kotzebue1 :o liv$ 9 !  
_w ( romance2 ( ,s*lei]ma*]1 ! pan!i/2 (
 ,s*legel1 :o gave to 8 c\ntrym5 !      
en*ant$ realm ( ,%akespe>e2 ( ! sublime 
,kant1 au?or ( ! fir/ "w publi%$ 9      
,g]many on ,pure ,reason2 ( ,fi*te1 !   
inf9ite ideali/2 ( ,s*op5hau]1 !        
,european ,buddhi/ :o foll[$ ! great    
,gautama to ! pa9less & dreamless       
,nirwana1 & ( hundr$s ( o!rs1 ^: names  
are famili> to & honor$ by ! sci5tific  

_w4  ,! ,g]man m9d _h be5 gr&ly r\s$ f !
 long le?>gy ( ! d>k ages ( ignorance1  
fe>1 & fai?4 ,guid$ by ! holy light (   
reason1 e dep>tm5t ( k 0 inve/igat$1    
enri*$ & illu/rat$4  ,humboldt brea!d ! 
atmosph]e ( inve/igation2 old ideas 7   
ab&on$2 old cre$s1 hall[$ by c5turies1 7
 ?r[n aside2 ?\ght became c\rage\s2 !   
a?lete1 ,reason1 *all5g$ to mortal      
combat ! mon/]s ( sup]/ition4  ,no wond]
 t "u ^! influ5ces ,humboldt =m$ ! great
 purpose ( pres5t+ to ! _w a picture (  
,nature1 9 ord] t m5 might1 = ! fir/ "t1
 behold ! face ( _! ,"m4  ,europe becom+
 too small = 8 g5ius1 he visit$ !       
tropics 9 ! new _w1 :]e 9 ! mo/         
circumscrib$ limits he c\ld f9d !       
greate/ numb] ( plants1 ( animals1 & !  
greate/ div]sity ( climate1 t he might  
asc]ta9 ! laws gov]n+ ! production &    
di/ribution ( plants1 animals & m51 & ! 
effects ( climate ^u !m all4 ,he sail$  
along ! gigantic ,amazon--! my/]i\s     
,or9oco --trav]s$ ! ,pampas--climb$ !   
,&es until he /ood ^u ! crags (         

,*imborazo1 m ?an eighte5 ?\s& feet     
above ! level ( ! sea1 & climb$ on until
 blood fl[$ f 8 eyes & lips4 ,= ne>ly   
five ye>s he pursu$ 8 inve/igations 9 ! 
new _w1 accompani$ by ! intrepid        
,bonpl&4 ,no?+ escap$ 8 att5tion4 ,he 0 
! be/ intellectual organ ( ^! new       
revelations ( sci5ce4 ,he 0 calm1       
reflective & eloqu5t2 fill$ ) a s5se ( !
 beautiful1 & ! love ( tru?4 ,8         
collections 7 imm5se1 & valuable be-yond
 calculation to e sci5ce4 ,he endur$    
innum]able h>d%ips1 brav$ c\ntless      
dang]s 9 unkn[n & savage l&s1 & exhau/$ 
8 =tune = ! advancem5t ( true le>n+4    
,^u 8 return to ,europe he 0 hail$ z !  
second ,columbus2 z ! sci5tific discov]]
 ( ,am]ica2 z ! reveal] ( a new _w2 z ! 
great demon/rator ( ! sublime tru?1 t ! 
univ]se is gov]n$ by law4  ,i h se5 a   
picture ( ! old man1 sitt+ ^u a m\nta9  
side--above him ! et]nal sn[--bel[1 !   
smil+ valley ( ! tropics1 fill$ ) v9e & 
palm2 8 *9 ^u 8 brea/1 8 eyes deep1     
?\ghtful & calm--8 =ehead maje/ic--gr&] 

?an ! m\nta9 ^u :i* he sat--cr[n$ ) !   
sn[ ( 8 :it5$ hair1 he look$ !          
intellectual autocrat ( ?is _w4  ,n     
satisfi$ ) 8 discov]ies 9 ,am]ica1 he   
cross$ ! /eppes ( ,asia1 ! wa/es (      
,sib]ia1 ! great ,ural range1 add+ to ! 
k ( mank9d at e /ep4 ,8 en]gy ackn[l$g$ 
no ob/acle1 8 life knew no leisure2 e   
day 0 fill$ ) labor & ) ?\ght4  ,he 0 "o
 ( ! apo/les ( sci5ce1 & he s]v$ 8 div9e
 ma/] ) a self-sacrific+ zeal t knew no 
abatem5t2 ) an ardor t con/antly        
increas$1 & ) a devotion unwav]+ &      
con/ant z ! pol> />4  ,9 ord] t ! p at  
l>ge might h ! b5efit ( 8 num]\s        
discov]ies1 & 8 va/ k1 he deliv]$ at    
,b]l9 a c\rse ( lectures1 consi/+ (     
sixty-"o free addresses1 ^u ! foll[+    
subjects3  ,five1 ^u ! nature & limits (
 physical geography4  ,?ree1 7 devot$ to
 a hi/ory ( sci5ce4  ,two1 to inducem5ts
 to a /udy ( natural sci5ce4  ,sixte51  
on ! heav5s4  ,five1 on ! =m1 d5sity1   
lat5t heat1 & magnetic p[] ( ! e>?1 & to
 ! pol> light4  ,f\r1 7 on ! nature ( ! 

cru/ ( ! e>?1 on hot spr+s e>?quakes1 & 
volcanoes4  ,two1 on m\nta9s & ! type ( 
_! =mation4  ,two1 on ! =m ( ! e>?'s    
surface1 on ! connection ( cont95ts1 & !
 elevation ( soil ov] rav9es4  ,?ree1 on
 ! sea z a globul> fluid surr\nd+ ! e>?4
  ,t51 on ! atmosph]e z an ela/ic fluid 
surr\nd+ ! e>?1 & on ! di/ribution (    
heat ,"o1 on ! geographic di/ribution ( 
organiz$ matt] 9 g5]al4  ,?ree1 on !    
geography ( plants4  ,?ree1 on !        
geography ( animals1 & ,two1 on ! races 
( m54  ,^! lectures are :at is kn[n z ! 
,cosmos1 & pres5t a sci5tific picture ( 
! _w--( inf9ite div]sity 9 unity--(     
ceaseless motion 9 ! et]nal grasp ( law4
  ,^! lectures conta9 ! result ( 8      
inve/igation1 obs]vation1 & exp]i5ce2 !y
 furni% ! connection betwe5 ph5om5a2 !y 
disclose "s ( ! *anges ?r\gh :i* ! e>?  
has pass$ 9 ! c\ntless ages2 ! hi/ory ( 
vegetation1 animals & m51 ! effects (   
climate ^u individuals & nations1 !     
relation we su/a9 to o!r worlds1 &      
demon/rate t all ph5om5a1 :e!r          

insignificant or gr&1 exi/ 9 accordance 
) inexorable law4  ,!re are "s tru?s1   
h[ev]1 t we nev] %\ld =get3 ,sup]/ition 
has always be5 ! rel5tless enemy (      
sci5ce2 fai? has be5 a hat] (           
demon/ration2 hypocrisy has be5 s9c]e   
only 9 its dread ( tru?1 & all religions
 are inconsi/5t ) m5tal fre$om4  ,s9ce !
 murd] ( ,hypatia 9 ! fif? c5tury1 :5 ! 
poli%$ blade ( ,greek philosophy 0 brok5
 by ! club ( ignorant ,ca?olicism1 until
 to-day1 sup]/ition has dete/$ e ef=t ( 
reason4  ,x is almo/ impossible to      
conceive ( ! complet5ess ( ! victory t !
 *ur* a*iev$ ov] philosophy4 ,= ages    
sci5ce 0 utt]ly ignor$2 ?\ght 0 a poor  
slave2 an ignorant prie/ 0 ma/] ( ! _w2 
fai? put out ! eyes ( ! s\l2 ! reason 0 
a trembl+ c[>d2 ! imag9ation 0 set on   
fire ( hell2 e human feel+ 0 s\ght to be
 suppress$2 love 0 consid]$ inf9itely   
s9ful2 pleasure 0 ! road to et]nal fire1
 & ,god 0 suppos$ to be happy only :5 8 
*ildr5 7 mis]able4 ,! _w 0 gov]n$ by an 
,almighty's :im2 pray]s c\ld *ange !    

ord] ( ?+s1 halt ! gr& procession (     
nature1 c\ld produce ra91 av]t pe/il5ce1
 fam9e & dea? 9 all its =ms4 ,!re 0 no  
idea ( ! c]ta9 all dep5d$ ^u div9e      
pleasure--or displeasure r2 heav5 0 full
 ( inconsi/5t malevol5ce1 & e>? (       
ignorance4 ,ev]y?+ 0 done to appease !  
div9e wra?2 e public calamity 0 caus$ by
 ! s9s ( ! p2 by a failure to pay ti!s1 
or = hav+1 ev5 9 secret1 felt a         
disrespect = a prie/4 ,to ! poor        
multitude1 ! e>? 0 a k9d ( en*ant$ =e/1 
full ( demons ready to dev\r1 &         
!ological s]p5ts lurk+ ) inf9ite p[] to 
fasc9ate & torture ! unhappy & impot5t  
s\l4 ',life to !m 0 a dim & my/]i\s     
labyr9?1 9 :i* !y w&]$ we>y1 & lo/1     
guid$ by prie/s z bewild]$ z !mselves1  
)\t kn[+ t at e /ep ! ,ariadne ( reason 
(f]$ !m ! long lo/ clue4  ,! v heav5s 7 
full ( dea?2 ! lightn+ 0 reg>d$ z !     
glitt]+ v5geance ( ,god1 & ! e>? 0 ?ick 
) sn>es = ! unw>y feet ( man4 ,! s\l 0  
suppos$ to be cr[d$ ) ! wild bea/s (    
desire2 ! he>t to be totally corrupt1   

prompt+ only to crime2 virtues 7 reg>d$ 
z deadly s9s 9 disguise2 !re 0 a        
cont9ual w>f>e be+ wag$ betwe5 ! ,deity 
& ! ,devil1 = ! possession ( e s\l2 !   
latt] g5]ally be+ consid]$ victori\s4 ,!
 flood1 ! tornado1 ! volcano1 7 all     
evid5ces ( ! displeasure ( heav51 & !   
s9fulness ( man4 ,! blight t )]$1 ! fro/
 t black5$1 ! e>?quake t dev\r$1 7 !    
mess5g]s ( ! ,creator4  ,! _w 0 gov]n$  
by ,fe>4  ,aga9/ all ! evils ( nature1  
!re 0 kn[n only ! def5se ( pray]1 (     
fa/+1 ( cr$ulity1 & devotion4 ,man 9 8  
helplessness endeavor$ to s(t5 ! he>t ( 
,god4 ,! faces ( ! multitude 7 blan*$ ) 
fe>1 & wet ) te>s2 !y 7 ! prey (        
hypocrites1 k+s & prie/s4  ,my he>t     
ble$s :5 ,i contemplate ! suff]+s endur$
 by ! millions n[ dead2 ( ^? :o liv$ :5 
! _w appe>$ to be insane2 :5 ! heav5s 7 
fill$ ) an inf9ite ,horror :o snat*$    
babes ) dimpl$ h&s & rosy *eeks f ! :ite
 brea/s ( mo!rs1 & da%$ !m into an abyss
 ( et]nal flame4  ,sl[ly1 beautifully1 l
 ! com+ ( ! dawn1 came ! gr& tru?1 t !  

univ]se is gov]n$ by law2 t disease     
fa/5s itself ^u ! good & ^u ! bad2 t !  
tornado _c be /opp$ by c\nt+ beads2 t ! 
ru%+ lava pauses n = b5d$ knees1 !      
lightn+ = clasp$ & uplift$ h&s1 nor !   
cruel waves ( ! sea = pray]2 t pay+ ti!s
 causes1 r ?an prev5ts fam9e2 t pleasure
 is n s92 t happ9ess is ! only good2 t  
demons & gods exi/ only 9 ! imag9ation2 
t fai? is a lullaby sung to put ! s\l to
 sleep2 t devotion is a bribe t fe> (f]s
 to suppos$ p[]2 t (f]+ rew>ds 9 ano!r  
_w = ob$i5ce 9 ?is1 is simply buy+ a s\l
 on cr$it2 t k consi/s 9 asc]ta9+ ! laws
 ( nature1 & t wisdom is ! sci5ce (     
happ9ess4 ,sl[ly1 gr&ly1 beautifully1 ^!
 tru?s are dawn+ ^u mank9d4  ,f         
,cop]nicus we le>n$ t ?is e>? is only a 
gra9 ( s& on ! inf9ite %ore ( ! univ]se2
 t ev]y:]e we are surr\nd$ by %9+ worlds
 va/ly great] ?an our own1 all mov+ &   
exi/+ 9 accordance ) law4 ,true1 ! e>?  
began to gr[ small1 b man began to gr[  
great4  ,! mom5t ! fact 0 e/abli%$ t o!r
 worlds are gov]n$ by law1 x 0 only     

natural to conclude t our little _w 0   
also "u its dom9ion4 ,! old !ological   
me?od ( acc\nt+ = physical ph5om5a by ! 
pleasure & displeasure ( ! ,deity 01 by 
! intellectual1 ab&on$4 ,!y f\nd t      
disease1 dea?1 life1 ?\ght1 heat1 cold1 
! seasons1 ! w9ds1 ! dreams ( man1 !    
in/9ct ( animals1--9 %ort1 t all        
physical & m5tal ph5om5a are gov]n$ by  
law1 absolute1 et]nal & inexorable4     
,let x be und]/ood t by ! t]m ,law is   
meant ! same inv>iable relations (      
succession & resemblance pr$icat$ ( all 
facts spr++ f l conditions4 ,law is a   
fact--n a cause4 ,x is a fact1 t l      
conditions produce l results3 ?is fact  
is ,law4 ,:5 we say t ! univ]se is      
gov]n$ by law1 we mean t ?is fact1 call$
 law1 is incapable ( *ange2 t x is1 has 
be51 & =ev] w be1 ! same inexorable1    
immutable ,fact1 insep>able f all       
ph5om5a4 ,law1 9 ?is s5se1 0 n enact$ or
 made4 ,x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise ?an z x  
is4 ,t :i* necess>ily exi/s has no      
creator4  ,only a few ye>s ago ?is e>? 0

 consid]$ ! real c5t] ( ! univ]se2 all !
 />s 7 suppos$ to revolve ar\nd ?is     
insignificant atom4 ,! ,g]man m9d1 m ?an
 any o!r1 has done away ) ?is piece (   
egotism4 ,purba* & ,mull]us1 9 ! fifte5?
 c5tury1 contribut$ mo/ to ! advancem5t 
( a/ronomy 9 _! day4 ,to ! latt]1 ! _w  
is indebt$ = ! introduction ( decimal   
fractions1 :i* complet$ our ari?metical 
notation1 & =m$ ! second ( ! ?ree /eps  
by :i*1 9 mod]n times1 ! sci5ce ( numb]s
 has be5 s greatly improv$2 & yet1 bo? (
 ^! m5 believ$ 9 ! mo/ *ildi%           
absurdities1 at lea/ 9 en\gh ( !m1 to   
die )\t _! or?odoxy hav+ ev] be5        
suspect$4  ,next came ! great           
,cop]nicus1 & he /&s at ! head ( ! h]oic
 ?9k]s ( 8 "t1 :o _h ! c\rage & ! m5tal 
/r5g? to break ! *a9s ( prejudice1      
cu/om1 & au?ority1 & to e/abli% tru? on 
! basis ( exp]i5ce1 obs]vation & reason4
 ,he remov$ ! e>?1 s to speak1 f !      
c5tre-( ! univ]se1 & ascrib$ to x a     
two-fold motion1 & demon/rat$ ! true    
position :i* x occupies 9 ! sol> sy/em4 

,at 8 bidd+ ! e>? began to revolve4 ,at 
! comm& ( 8 g5ius x comm5c$ its gr&     
flight mid ! et]nal con/ellations r\nd !
 sun4  ,= fifty ye>s 8 discov]ies 7     
disreg>d$4 ,all at once1 by ! ex]tions (
 ,galileo1 !y 7 k9dl$ into s gr& a      
conflagration z to consume ! philosophy 
( ,ari/otle1 to al>m ! hi]>*y ( ,rome1 &
 to ?reat5 ! exi/5ce ( e op9ion n f\nd$ 
^u exp]i5ce1 obs]vation1 & reason4  ,!  
e>? 0 no long] consid]$ a univ]se1      
gov]n$ by ! caprices ( "s rev5geful     
,deity1 :o _h made ! />s out ( :at he _h
 left aft] complet+ ! _w1 & _h /uck !m 9
 ! sky simply to adorn ! night4  ,i h   
said ?is mu* conc]n+ a/ronomy because x 
0 ! fir/ spl5did /ep =w>d6 ,! fir/      
sublime bl[ t %att]$ ! lance & %iv]$ !  
%ield ( sup]/ition2 ! fir/ real help t  
man receiv$ f heav52 because x 0 ! fir/ 
great lev] plac$ b5ea? ! alt> ( a false 
religion2 ! fir/ revelation ( ! inf9ite 
to man2 ! fir/ au?oritative decl>ation1 
t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by law2 ! fir/    
sci5ce t gave ! lie direct to !         

cosmogony ( b>b>ism1 & because x is !   
sublime/ victory t ! reason has a*iev$4 
,9 speak+ ( a/ronomy1 ,i h conf9$ myself
 to ! discov]ies made s9ce ! revival (  
le>n+4 ,long ago1 on ! banks ( !        
,ganges1 ages be=e ,cop]nicus liv$1     
,aryabhatta taught t ! e>? is a sph]e1 &
 revolves on its own axis4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 
does n detract f ! glory ( ! great      
,g]man4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,h9du _h be5 lo/
 9 ! midnight ( ,europe--9 ! age ( fai?1
 & ,cop]nicus 0 z mu* a discov]] z ?\gh 
,aryabhatta _h nev] liv$4  ,9 ?is %ort  
address !re is no "t to speak ( o!r     
sci5ces1 & to po9t out ! p>ticul>       
evid5ce furni%$ by ea*1 to e/abli% !    
dom9ion ( law1 nor to m ?an m5tion ! "n 
( ,desc>tes1 ! fir/ :o und]took to give 
an explanation ( ! cele/ial motions1 or 
:o =m$ ! va/ & philosophic conception ( 
r$uc+ all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se to !    
same law2 ( ,montaigne1 "o ( ! h]oes (  
common s5se2 ( ,galvani1 ^: exp]im5ts   
gave ! telegraph to ! _w2 ( ,voltaire1  
:o contribut$ m ?an any o!r ( ! sons (  

m5 to ! de/ruction ( religi\s           
intol]ance2 ( ,augu/ ,comte1 ^: g5ius   
erect$ to itself a monum5t t /ill t\*es 
! />s2 ( ,gutt5b]g1 ,watt1 ,/eph5son1   
,arkwright1 all soldi]s ( sci5ce1 9 !   
gr& army ( ! dead k+s4  ,! glory (      
sci5ce is1 t x is free+ ! s\l--break+ ! 
m5tal manacles--gett+ ! bra9 out (      
bondage--giv+ c\rage to ?\ght--fill+ !  
_w ) m]cy1 ju/ice1 & joy4  ,sci5ce f\nd 
agriculture pl[+ ) a /ick--reap+ ) a    
sickle--comm]ce at ! m]cy ( ! trea*]\s  
waves & ! incon/ant w9ds--a _w )\t      
books--)\t s*ools--man d5y+ ! au?ority (
 reason1 employ+ 8 +5uity 9 !           
manufacture ( in/rum5ts ( torture1 9    
build+ inquisitions & ca!drals4 ,x f\nd 
! l& fill$ ) malici\s monks--) p]secut+ 
,prote/ants1 & ! burn]s ( m54 ,x f\nd a 
_w full ( fe>2 ignorance ^u its knees2  
cr$ulity ! greate/ virtue2 wom5 treat$ l
 bea/s ( burd52 cruelty ! only means (  
re=mation4  ,x f\nd ! _w at ! m]cy (    
disease & fam9e2 m5 try+ to read _!     
fates 9 ! />s1 & to tell _! =tunes by   

signs & wond]s2 g5]als ?9k+ to conqu] _!
 enemies by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross1 or by
 tell+ a ros>y4 ,x f\nd all hi/ory full 
( petty & ridicul\s falsehood1 & !      
,almighty 0 suppos$ to sp5d mo/ ( 8 "t  
turn+ /icks into snakes1 dr[n+ boys =   
swimm+ on ,sunday1 & kill+ little *ildr5
 = ! purpose ( conv]t+ _! p>5ts4 ,x f\nd
 ! e>? fill$ ) slaves & tyrants1 ! p 9  
all c\ntries d[ntrodd51 half nak$1 half 
/>v$1 )\t hope1 & )\t reason 9 ! _w4    
,su* 0 ! condition ( man :5 ! morn+ (   
sci5ce dawn$ ^u 8 bra91 & be=e he _h    
he>d ! sublime decl>ation t ! univ]se is
 gov]n$ by law4  ,= ! *ange t has tak5  
place we are indebt$ solely to sci5ce--!
 only lev] capable ( rais+ mank9d4      
,abject fai? is b>b>ism2 reason is      
civilization4 ,to obey is slavi%2 to act
 f a s5se ( obligation p]ceiv$ by !     
reason1 is noble4 ,ignorance wor%ips    
my/]y2 ,reason expla9s x3 ! "o grovels1 
! o!r so>s4  ,no wond] t fable is !     
enemy ( k4 ,a man ) a false diamond %uns
 ! society ( lapid>ies1 & x is ^u ?is   

pr9ciple t sup]/ition abhors sci5ce4  ,9
 all ages ! p h honor$ ^? :o di%onor$   
!m4 ,!y h wor%ip$ _! de/roy]s2 !y h     
canoniz$ ! mo/ gigantic li>s1 & buri$ ! 
great ?ieves 9 m>ble & gold4 ,"u !      
l(tie/ monum5ts sleeps ! du/ ( murd]4   
,impo/ure has always worn a cr[n4  ,! _w
 is beg9n+ to *ange because ! p are     
beg9n+ to ?9k4 ,to ?9k is to advance4   
,ev]y:]e ! great m9ds are inve/igat+ !  
cre$s & ! sup]/itions ( m5--! ph5om5a ( 
nature1 & ! laws ( ?+s4 ,at ! head ( ?is
 great army ( inve/igators /ood         
,humboldt--! s]5e lead] ( an            
intellectual ho/--a k+ by ! suffrage (  
,sci5ce1 & ! div9e "r ( ,g5ius4  ,&     
to-day we are n honor+ "s but*] call$ a 
soldi]--"s wily politician call$ a      
/atesman--"s robb] call$ a k+1 nor "s   
malici\s metaphysician call$ a sa9t4 ,we
 are honor+ ! gr& ,humboldt1 ^:         
victories 7 all a*iev$ 9 ! ar5a ( ?\ght2
 :o de/roy$ prejudice1 ignorance &      
error--n m52 :o %$ light--n blood1 & :o 
contribut$ to ! k1 ! weal?1 & ! happ9ess

 ( all mank9d4  ,8 life 0 pure1 8 aims  
l(ty1 8 le>n+ v>i$ & pr(\nd1 & 8        
a*ievem5ts va/ ,we honor him because he 
has ennobl$ our race1 because he has    
contribut$ z mu* z any man liv+ or dead 
to ! real prosp]ity ( ! _w4 ,we honor   
him because he honor$ u--because he     
labor$ = o!rs--because he 0 ! mo/ le>n$ 
man ( ! mo/ le>n$ nation--because he    
left a legacy ( glory to e human be+4 ,=
 ^! reasons he is honor$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4  
,millions are do+ homage to 8 g5ius at  
?is mom5t1 & millions are pron\nc+ 8 "n 
) rev]5ce & rec\nt+ :at he accompli%$4  
,we associate ! "n ( ,humboldt ) oceans1
 cont95ts1 m\nta9s1 & volcanoes--) !    
great palms--! wide des]ts--! sn[-lipp$ 
crat]s ( ! ,&es--) primeval =e/s &      
,european capitals--) wild]nesses &     
univ]sities--) savages & savans--) !    
lonely riv]s ( unpeopl$ wa/es--) peaks &
 pampas1 & /eppes1 & cliffs & crags--) !
 progress ( ! _w--) e sci5ce kn[n to    
man1 & ) e /> glitt]+ 9 ! imm5sity (    
space4  ,humboldt adopt$ none ( !       

s\l-%r9k+ cre$s ( 8 day2 wa/$ none ( 8  
"t 9 ! /upidities1 inanities &          
contradictions ( !ological metaphysics2 
he did n endeavor to h>monize ! a/ronomy
 & geology ( a b>b>\s p ) ! sci5ce ( !  
n9ete5? c5tury4 ,nev]1 = "o mom5t1 did  
he ab&on ! sublime /&>d ( tru?2 he      
inve/igat$1 he /udi$1 he ?\ght1 he      
sep>at$ ! gold f ! dross 9 ! crucible ( 
8 gr& bra94 ,he 0 nev] f\nd on 8 knees  
be=e ! alt> ( sup]/ition4 ,he /ood erect
 by ! gr& tranquil column ( ,reason4 ,he
 0 an admir]1 a lov]1 an ador] (        
,nature1 & at ! age ( n9ety1 b[$ by !   
weight ( ne>ly a c5tury1 cov]$ ) !      
insignia ( honor1 lov$ by a nation1     
respect$ by a _w1 ) k+s = 8 s]vants1 he 
laid 8 we>y head ^u h] bosom--^u ! bosom
 ( ! univ]sal ,"m--& ) h] lov+ arms     
ar\nd him1 sank into t slumb] call$     
,dea?4  ,hi/ory add$ ano!r "n to ! />ry 
scroll ( ! immortals4  ,! _w is 8       
monum5t2 ^u ! et]nal granite ( h] hills 
he inscrib$ 8 "n1 & !re ^u ev]la/+ /one 
8 g5ius wrote ?is1 ! sublime/ ( tru?s3  

,! ,univ]se is ,gov]n$ by ,law6