,,the ,,letters ,,of ,,william ,,james ,illustration3 ,,william ,,james ,,from ,a ,,photograph ,,taken ,,about #ahie ,,the ,,letters ,,of ,,william ,,james ,,edited ,,by ,,his ,,son ,,henry ,,james ,,in ,,two ,,volumes ,,volume ,,ii ,illustration ,,the ,,atlantic ,,monthly ,,press ,,boston ,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,,henry ,,james ,,contents ,,xi4 #ahic-ahii #a-eb ,turning to ,philosophy--,a ,student's ,impressions--,popular ,lecturing--,chautauqua4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #ag ,to ,henry ,holt #ai ,to ,henry ,james #bj ,to ,henry ,james #bj ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #bj ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,howison #bb ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #bc ,to his ,daughter #be ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin #bh ,to ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers #cj ,to ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers #cb ,to ,henry ,holt #cc ,to his ,class at ,radcliffe ,college #cc ,to ,henry ,james #cd ,to ,henry ,james #cf ,to ,benjamin ,p4 ,blood #ch ,to ,mrs4 ,james #dj ,to ,miss ,rosina ,h4 ,emmet #dd ,to ,charles ,renouvier #dd ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #df ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #dh ,to ,henry ,james #ea ,,xii4 #ahic-ahii 7,continued7 #ec-ia ,the ,will to ,believe--,talks to ,teachers--,defense of ,mental ,healers--,excessive ,climbing in the ,adirondacks4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #ec ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin #ef ,to ,benjamin ,p4 ,blood #eh ,to ,henry ,james #fj ,to ,miss ,ellen ,emmet #fb ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin #fd ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #fe ,to ,james ,j4 ,putnam #ff ,to ,james ,j4 ,putnam #gb ,to ,franois ,pillon #gc ,to ,mrs4 ,james #ge ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,howison #gi ,to ,henry ,james #hj ,to his ,son ,alexander #ha ,to ,miss ,rosina ,h4 ,emmet #hb ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #hd ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #hf ,to ,henry ,rutgers ,marshall #hf ,to ,henry ,rutgers ,marshall #hh ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #hh ,,xiii4 #ahii-aijb #ib-agj ,two ,years of ,illness in ,europe--,retirement from ,active ,duty at ,harvard--,the ,first and ,second ,series of the ,gifford ,lectures4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #ie ,to ,mrs4 ,e4 ,p4 ,gibbens #if ,to ,william ,m4 ,salter #ii ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #ajb ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #ajc ,to ,thomas ,davidson #ajf ,to ,john ,c4 ,gray #ajh ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #aji ,to ,mrs4 ,glendower ,evans #aab ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #aae ,to ,francis ,boott #aag ,to ,hugo ,mnsterberg #aai ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,palmer #abj ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #abd ,to his ,son ,alexander #abi ,to his ,daughter #acj ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #acc ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #acc ,to ,josiah ,royce #ace ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #ach ,to ,james ,sully #adj ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #adb ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #adb ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #adc ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #adf ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin #adh ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton #aej ,to ,n4 ,s4 ,shaler #aec ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #aee ,to ,henry ,james #aei ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin #aei ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin #afa ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #afb ,to ,h4 ,n4 ,gardiner #afd ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #afd ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton #aff ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #afg ,,xiv4 #aijb-aije #aga-bah ,the ,last ,period 7,i7--,statements of ,religious ,belief--,philosophical ,writing4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #agc ,to ,miss ,grace ,norton #agc ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #age ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #agf ,to ,henri ,bergson #agh ,to ,mrs4 ,louis ,agassiz #ahj ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #ahb ,to ,henri ,bergson #ahc ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #ahe ,to ,henry ,james #ahh ,to his ,daughter #aib ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #aic ,to ,henry ,james #aie ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin #aif ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #aig ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #aih ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #bjj ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman #bja ,to ,henry ,james #bjb ,to ,franois ,pillon #bjc ,to ,henry ,james #bjd ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton #bjf ,to ,l4 ,t4 ,hobhouse #bjg ,to ,edwin ,d4 ,starbuck #bji ,to ,james ,henry ,leuba #baa ,answers to the ,pratt ,questionnaire on ,religious ,belief #bab ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #bae ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #baf ,to ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,woodbridge #bag ,to ,edwin ,d4 ,starbuck #bag ,to ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,woodbridge #bah ,,xv4 #aije-aijg #bai-bhb ,the ,last ,period 7,,ii7--,italy and ,greece--,philosophical ,congress in ,rome--,stanford ,university--,the ,earthquake--,resignation of ,professorship4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,mrs4 ,james #bba ,to his ,daughter #bbc ,to ,mrs4 ,james #bbe ,to ,george ,santayana #bbh ,to ,mrs4 ,james #bbi ,to ,mrs4 ,james #bcj ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells #bcj ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #bca ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry #bcb ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #bcc ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #bce ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #bcg ,to ,daniel ,merriman #bch ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #bch ,to ,henry ,james #bci ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #bda ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #bde ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #bdg ,to ,henry ,james and ,w4 ,james1 ,jr4 #bej ,to ,w4 ,lutoslawski #beb ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman #bee ,to ,henry ,james #beh ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells #bei ,to ,miss ,theodora ,sedgwick #bfj ,to his ,daughter #bfb ,to ,henry ,james and ,w4 ,james1 ,jr4 #bfc ,to ,moorfield ,storey #bfe ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #bff ,to ,charles ,a4 ,strong #bfh ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #bgj ,to ,clifford ,w4 ,beers #bgc ,to ,william ,james1 ,jr4 #bge ,to ,henry ,james #bgg ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #bhj ,,xvi4 #aijg-aiji #bhc-ccb ,the ,last ,period 7,,iii7--,hibbert ,lectures in ,oxford--,the ,hodgson ,report4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,charles ,lewis ,slattery #bhg ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #bhh ,to ,w4 ,cameron ,forbes #bhh ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #bij ,to ,henri ,bergson #bij ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry #bid ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #bie ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #bif ,to ,w4 ,jerusalem #big ,to ,henry ,james #bih ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cjj ,to ,norman ,kemp ,smith #cja ,to his ,daughter #cja ,to ,henry ,james #cjb ,to ,henry ,james #cjc ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark #cjc ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton #cjf ,to ,henri ,bergson #cjh ,to ,john ,dewey #caj ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #caj ,to ,shadworth ,h4 ,hodgson #cab ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cac ,to ,henri ,bergson #cae ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells #caf ,to ,henry ,james #cag ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry #cah ,to ,hugo ,mnsterberg #cbj ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman #cba ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,palmer #cbb ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cbb ,to ,miss ,theodora ,sedgwick #cbd ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller #cbe ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cbf ,to ,shadworth ,h4 ,hodgson #cbh ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman #cbi ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman #ccj ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman #ccj ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller #cca ,,xvii4 #aiaj #ccc-cej ,final ,months--,the ,end4 ,,letters3-- ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson #ccd ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse #cce ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry #cce ,to ,franois ,pillon #ccf ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cch ,to his ,daughter #cch ,to ,henry ,p4 ,bowditch #cda ,to ,franois ,pillon #cdb ,to ,henry ,adams #cdd ,to ,henry ,adams #cdf ,to ,henry ,adams #cdg ,to ,benjamin ,p4 ,blood #cdg ,to ,theodore ,flournoy #cdi ,,appendix ,i4 #cec ,three ,criticisms for ,students4 ,,appendix ,,ii4 #ceg ,books by ,william ,james4 ,,index #cfc ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,william ,james in middle life ,frontispiece ,damn the ,absolute3 two snapshots of ,william ,james and ,josiah ,royce #ace ,william ,james and ,henry ,james posing for a kodak in #aijj #afa ,william ,james and ,henry ,clement at the ,putnam ,shanty in the ,adirondacks 7#aijg87 #cae ,facsimile of ,post-card addressed to ,henry ,adams #cdg ,,the ,,letters ,,of ,,william ,,james ,,xi #ahic-ahii ,turning to ,philosophy--,a ,student's ,impressions--,popular ,lecturing--,chautauqua ,when ,james returned from ,europe1 he was fifty-two years old4 ,if he had been another man1 he might have settled down to the intensive cultivation of the field in which he had already achieved renown and influence4 ,he would then have spent the rest of his life in working out special problems in psychology1 in deducing a few theories1 in making particular applications of his conclusions1 in administering a growing laboratory1 in surrounding himself with assistants and disciples--in weeding and gathering where he had tilled4 ,but the fact was that the publication of his two books on psychology operated for him as a welcome release from the subject4 ,he had no illusion of finality about what he had written4#a ,but he would have said that whatever original contribution he was capable of making to psychology had already been made2 that he must pass on and leave addition and revision to others4 ,he gradually disencumbered himself of responsibility for teaching the subject in the ,college4 ,the laboratory had already been placed under ,professor ,mnsterberg's charge4 ,for one year1 during which ,mnsterberg returned to ,germany1 ,james was compelled to direct its conduct2 but he let it be known that he would resign his professorship rather than concern himself with it indefinitely4 ,readers of this book will have seen that the centre of his interest had always been religious and philosophical4 ,to be sure1 the currents by which science was being carried forward during the sixties and seventies had supported him in his distrust of conclusions based largely on introspection and a priori reasoning4 ,as early as #ahfe he had said1 apropos of ,agassiz1 ,no one sees farther into a generalization than his own knowledge of details extends4 ,in the spirit of that remark he had spent years on brain-physiology1 on the theory of the emotions1 on the feeling of effort in mental processes1 in studying the measurements and exact experiments by means of which the science of the mind was being brought into quickening relation with the physical and biological sciences4 ,but all the while he had been driven on by a curiosity that embraced ulterior problems4 ,in half of the field of his consciousness questions had been stirring which now held his attention completely4 ,does consciousness really exist8 ,could a radically empirical conception of the universe be formulated8 ,what is knowledge8 ,what truth8 ,where is freedom8 and where is there room for faith8 ,metaphysical problems haunted his mind2 discussions that ran in strictly psychological channels bored him4 ,he called psychology a nasty little subject1 according to ,professor ,palmer1 and added1 all one cares to know lies outside4 ,he would not consider spending time on a revised edition of his textbook 7the ,briefer ,course7 except for a bribe that was too great ever to be urged upon him4 ,as time went on1 he became more and more irritated at being addressed or referred to as a psychologist4 ,in ,june1 #aijc1 when he became aware that ,harvard was intending to confer an honorary degree on him1 he went about for days before ,commencement in a half-serious state of dread lest1 at the fatal moment1 he should hear ,president ,eliot's voice naming him ,psychologist1 psychical researcher1 willer-to-believe1 religious experiencer4 ,he could not say whether the impossible last epithets would be less to his taste than psychologist4 ,only along the borderland between normal and pathological mental states1 and particularly in the region of religious experience1 did he continue to collect psychological data and to explore them4 ,the new subjects which he offered at ,harvard during the nineties are indicative of the directions in which his mind was moving4 ,in the first winter after his return he gave a course on ,cosmology1 which he had never taught before and which he described in the department announcement as a study of the fundamental conceptions of natural science with especial reference to the theories of evolution and materialism1 and for the first time announced that his graduate seminar would be wholly devoted to questions in mental pathology embracing a review of the principal forms of abnormal or exceptional mental life4 ,in #ahie the second half of his psychological seminar was announced as a discussion of certain theoretic problems1 as ,consciousness1 ,knowledge1 ,self1 the relations of ,mind and ,body4 ,in #ahif he offered a course on the philosophy of ,kant for the first time4 ,in #ahih the announcement of his elective on ,metaphysics explained that the class would consider the unity or pluralism of the world ground1 and its knowability or unknowability2 realism and idealism1 freedom1 teleology and theism4#b ,but there is another aspect of the nineties which must be touched upon4 ,after getting back to harness in #ahic ,james took up1 not only his full college duties1 but an amount of outside lecturing such as he had never done before4 ,in so doing he overburdened himself and postponed the attainment of his true purpose2 but the temptation to accept the requests which now poured in on him was made irresistible by practical considerations4 ,he not only repeated some of his ,harvard courses at ,radcliffe ,college1 and gave instruction in the ,harvard ,summer ,school in addition to the regular work of the term2 but delivered lectures at teachers' meetings and before other special audiences in places as far from ,cambridge as ,colorado and ,california4 ,a number of the papers that are included in ,the ,will to ,believe and ,other ,essays in ,popular ,philosophy 7#ahig7 and ,talks to ,teachers and ,students on ,some of ,life's ,ideals 7#ahig7 were thus prepared as lectures4 ,some of them were read many times before they were published4 ,when he stopped for a rest in #ahii1 he was exhausted to the verge of a formidable break-down4 ,even a glance at this period tempts one to wonder whether this record would not have been richer if it had been different4 ,might-have-beens can never be measured or verified2 and yet sometimes it cannot be doubted that possibilities never realized were actual possibilities once4 ,by #ahic ,james was inwardly eager1 as has already been said1 to devote all his thought and working time to metaphysical and religious questions4 ,more than that--he had already conceived the important terms of his own ,welt-anschauung4 ,the ,will to ,believe was written by #ahif4 ,in the preface to the ,talks to ,teachers he said of the essay called ,a ,certain ,blindness in ,human ,beings1 it connects itself with a definite view of the ,world and our ,moral relations to the same4444 ,i mean the pluralistic or individualistic philosophy4 ,this was no more than a statement of a general philosophic attitude which had for some years been familiar to his students and to readers of his occasional papers4 ,the lecture on ,philosophical ,conceptions and ,practical ,results1 delivered at the ,university of ,california in #ahih1 forecast ,pragmatism and the ,meaning of ,truth4 ,if his time and energy had not been otherwise consumed1 the nineties might well have witnessed the appearance of papers which were not written until the next decade4 ,if he had been able to apply an undistracted attention to what his spirit was all the while straining toward1 the disastrous breakdown of #ahii-aijb might not have happened4 ,but instead1 these best years of his maturity were largely sacrificed to the practical business of supporting his family4 ,his salary as a ,harvard professor was insufficient to his needs4 ,on his salary alone he could not educate his four children as he wanted to1 and make provision for his old age and their future and his wife's1 except by denying himself movement and social and professional contacts and by withdrawing into isolation that would have been utterly paralyzing and depressing to his genius4 ,he possessed private means1 to be sure2 but1 considering his family1 these amounted to no more than a partial insurance against accident and a moderate supplement to his salary4 ,his books had not yet begun to yield him a substantial increase of income4 ,it is true that he made certain lecture engagements serve as the occasion for casting philosophical conceptions in more or less popular form1 and that he frequently paid the expenses of refreshing travels by means of these lectures4 ,but after he had economized in every direction1--as for instance1 by giving up horse and hired man at ,chocorua1--the bald fact remained that for six years he spent most of the time that he could spare from regular college duties1 and about all his vacations1 in carrying the fruits of the previous fifteen years of psychological work into the popular market4 ,his public reputation was increased thereby4 ,teachers1 audiences1 and the general reader had reason to be thankful4 ,but science and philosophy paid for the gain4 ,his case was no worse than that of plenty of other men of productive genius who were enmeshed in an inadequately supported academic system4 ,it would have been much more distressing under the conditions that prevail today4 ,so ,james took the limitations of the situation as a matter of course and made no complaint4 ,but when he died1 the systematic statement of his philosophy had not been rounded out and he knew that he was leaving it too much like an arch built only on one side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,james's appearance at this period is well shown by the frontispiece of this volume4 ,almost anyone who was at ,harvard in the nineties can recall him as he went back and forth in ,kirkland ,street between the ,college and his ,irving ,street house1 and can in memory see again that erect figure walking with a step that was somehow firm and light without being particularly rapid1 two or three thick volumes and a note-book under one arm1 and on his face a look of abstraction that used suddenly to give way to an expression of delighted and friendly curiosity4 ,sometimes it was an acquaintance who caught his eye and received a cordial word2 sometimes it was an occurrence in the street that arrested him2 sometimes the terrier dog1 who had been roving along unwatched and forgotten1 embroiled himself in an adventure or a fight and brought ,james out of his thoughts4 ,one day he would have worn the ,norfolk jacket that he usually worked in at home to his lecture-room2 the next1 he would have forgotten to change the black coat that he had put on for a formal occasion4 ,at twenty minutes before nine in the morning he could usually be seen going to the ,college ,chapel for the fifteen-minute service with which the ,college day began4 ,if he was returning home for lunch1 he was likely to be hurrying2 for he had probably let himself be detained after a lecture to discuss some question with a few of his class4 ,he was apt then to have some student with him whom he was bringing home to lunch and to finish the discussion at the family table1 or merely for the purpose of establishing more personal relations than were possible in the class-room4 ,at the end of the afternoon1 or in the early evening1 he would frequently be bicycling or walking again4 ,he would then have been working until his head was tired1 and would have laid his spectacles down on his desk and have started out again to get a breath of air and perhaps to drop in on a ,cambridge neighbor4 ,in his own house it seemed as if he was always at work2 all the more1 perhaps1 because it was obvious that he possessed no instinct for arranging his day and protecting himself from interruptions4 ,he managed reasonably well to keep his mornings clear2 or rather he allowed his wife to stand guard over them with fair success4 ,but soon after he had taken an essential after-lunch nap1 he was pretty sure to be caught by callers and visitors4 ,from six o'clock on1 he usually had one or two of the children sitting1 more or less subdued1 in the library1 while he himself read or dashed off letters1 or 7if his eyes were tired7 dictated them to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,he always had letters and post-cards to write4 ,at any odd time--with his overcoat on and during a last moment before hurrying off to an appointment or a train--he would sit down at his desk and do one more note or card--always in the beautiful and flowing hand that hardly changed between his eighteenth and his sixty-eighth years4 ,he seemed to feel no need of solitude except when he was reading technical literature or writing philosophy4 ,if other members of the household were talking and laughing in the room that adjoined his study1 he used to keep the door open and occasionally pop in for a word1 or to talk for a quarter of an hour4 ,it was with the greatest difficulty that ,mrs4 ,james finally persuaded him to let the door be closed up4 ,he never struck an equilibrium between wishing to see his students and neighbors freely and often1 and wishing not to be interrupted by even the most agreeable reminder of the existence of anyone or anything outside the matter in which he was absorbed4 ,it was customary for each member of the ,harvard ,faculty to announce in the college catalogue at what hour of the day he could be consulted by students4 ,year after year ,james assigned the hour of his evening meal for such calls4 ,sometimes he left the table to deal with the caller in private2 sometimes a student1 who had pretty certainly eaten already and was visibly abashed at finding himself walking in on a second dinner1 would be brought into the dining-room and made to talk about other things than his business4 ,he allowed his conscience to be constantly burdened with a sense of obligation to all sorts of people4 ,the list of neighbors1 students1 strangers visiting ,cambridge1 to whom he and ,mrs4 ,james felt responsible for civilities1 was never closed1 and the cordiality which animated his intentions kept him reminded of every one on it4 ,and yet1 whenever his wife wisely prepared for a suitable time and made engagements for some sort of hospitality otherwise than by hap-hazard1 it was perversely likely to be the case1 when the appointed hour arrived1 that ,james was going on his nerves and in no mood for being entertaining4 ,the most comradely of men1 nothing galled him like having to be sociable4 ,the hollow mockery of our social conventions would then be described in furious and lurid speech4 ,luckily the guests were not yet there to hear him4 ,but they did not always get away without catching a glimpse of his state of mind4 ,on one such occasion1--an evening reception for his graduate class had been arranged1--,mrs4 ,james encountered a young man in the hall whose expression was so perturbed that she asked him what had happened to him4 ,i've come in again1 he replied1 to get my hat4 ,i was trying to find my way to the dining-room when ,mr4 ,james swooped at me and said1 ',here1 ,smith1 you want to get out of this ,hell1 don't you8 ,i'll show you how4 ,there6' ,and before ,i could answer1 he'd popped me out through a back-door4 ,but1 really1 ,i do not want to go6 ,the dinners of a club to which allusions will occur in this volume1 7in letters to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson1 ,t4 ,s4 ,perry1 and ,john ,c4 ,gray7 were occasions apart from all others2 for ,james could go to them at the last moment1 without any sense of responsibility and knowing that he would find congenial company and old friends4 ,so he continued to go to these dinners1 even after he had stopped accepting all invitations to dine4 ,the ,club 7for it never had any name7 had been started in #ahgj4 ,james had been one of the original group who agreed to dine together once a month during the winter4 ,among the other early members had been his brother ,henry1 ,w4 ,d4 ,howells1 ,o4 ,w4 ,holmes1 ,jr41 ,john ,fiske1 ,john ,c4 ,gray1 ,henry ,adams1 ,t4 ,s4 ,perry1 ,john ,c4 ,ropes1 ,a4 ,g4 ,sedgwick1 and ,f4 ,parkman4 ,the more faithful diners1 who constituted the nucleus of the ,club during the later years1 included ,henry ,l4 ,higginson1 ,sturgis ,bigelow1 ,john ,c4 ,ropes1 ,john ,t4 ,morse1 ,charles ,grinnell1 ,james ,ford ,rhodes1 ,moorfield ,storey1 ,james ,w4 ,crafts1 and ,h4 ,p4 ,walcott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,every little while ,james's sleep would go to pieces1 and he would go off to ,newport1 the ,adirondacks1 or elsewhere1 for a few days4 ,this happened both summer and winter4 ,it was not the effect of the place or climate in which he was living1 but simply that his dangerously high average of nervous tension had been momentarily raised to the snapping point4 ,writing was almost certain to bring on this result4 ,when he had an essay or a lecture to prepare1 he could not do it by bits4 ,in order to begin such a task1 he tried to seize upon a free day--more often a ,sunday than any other4 ,then he would shut himself into his library1 or disappear into a room at the top of the house1 and remain hidden all day4 ,if things went well1 twenty or thirty sheets of much-corrected manuscript 7about twenty-five hundred words in his free hand7 might result from such a day4 ,as many more would have gone into the waste-basket4 ,two or three successive days of such writing took it out of him visibly4 ,short holidays1 or intervals in college lecturing1 were often employed for writing in this way1 the longer vacations of the latter nineties being filled1 as has been said1 with traveling and lecture engagements4 ,in the intervals there would be a few days1 or sometimes two or three whole weeks1 at ,chocorua4 ,or1 one evening1 all the windows of the deserted ,irving ,street house would suddenly be wide open to the night air1 and passers on the sidewalk could see ,james sitting in his shirt-sleeves within the circle of the bright light that stood on his library table4 ,he was writing letters1 making notes1 and skirmishing through the piles of journals and pamphlets that had accumulated during an absence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the impression which he made on a student who sat under him in several classes shortly before the date at which this volume begins have been set down in a form in which they can be given here4 ,i have a vivid recollection 7writes ,dr4 ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller7 of ,james's lectures1 classes1 conferences1 seminars1 laboratory interests1 and the side that students saw of him generally4 ,fellow-manliness seemed to me a good name for his quality4 ,the one thing apparently impossible to him was to speak ex cathedra from heights of scientific erudition and attainment4 ,there were not a few 'if's' and 'maybe's' in his remarks4 ,moreover he seldom followed for long an orderly system of argument or unfolding of a theory1 but was always apt to puncture such systematic pretensions when in the midst of them with some entirely unaffected doubt or question that put the matter upon a basis of common sense at once4 ,he had drawn from his laboratory experience in chemistry and his study of medicine a keen sense that the imposing formulas of science that impress laymen are not so 'exact' as they sound4 ,he was not1 in my time at least1 much of a believer in lecturing in the sense of continuous exposition4 ,i can well remember the first meeting of the course in psychology in #ahij1 in a ground-floor room of the old ,lawrence ,scientific ,school4 ,he took a considerable part of the hour by reading extracts from ,henry ,sidgwick's ,lecture against ,lecturing1 proceeding to explain that we should use as a textbook his own ',principles of ,psychology1' appearing for the first time that very week from the press1 and should spend the hours in conference1 in which we should discuss and ask questions1 on both sides4 ,so during the year's course we read the two volumes through1 with some amount of running commentary and controversy4 ,there were four or five men of previous psychological training in a class of 7,i think7 between twenty and thirty1 two of whom were disposed to take up cudgels for the ,british associational psychology and were particularly troubled by the repeated doctrine of the ',principles' that a state of consciousness had no parts or elements1 but was one indivisible fact4 ,he bore questions that really were criticisms with inexhaustible patience and what ,i may call 7the subject invites the word often7 human attention2 invited written questions as well1 and would often return them with a reply penciled on the back when he thought the discussion too special in interest to be pursued before the class4 ,moreover1 he bore with us with never a sign of impatience if we lingered after class1 and even walked up ,kirkland ,street with him on his way home4 ,yet he was really not argumentative1 not inclined to dialectic or pertinacious debate of any sort4 ,it must always have required an effort of self-control to put up with it4 ,he almost never1 even in private conversation1 contended for his own opinion4 ,he had a way of often falling back on the language of perception1 insight1 sensibility1 vision of possibilities4 ,i recall how on one occasion after class1 as ,i parted with him at the gate of the ,memorial ,hall triangle1 his last words were something like these3 ',well1 ,miller1 that theory's not a warm reality to me yet--still a cold conception'2 and the charm of the comradely smile with which he said it6 ,the disinclination to formal logical system and the more prolonged purely intellectual analyses was felt by some men as a lack in his classroom work1 though they recognized that these analyses were present in the ',psychology4' ,on the other hand1 the very tendency to feel ideas lent a kind of emotional or sthetic color which deepened the interest4 ,in the course of the year he asked the men each to write some word of suggestion1 if he were so inclined1 for improvement in the method with which the course was conducted2 and1 if ,i remember rightly1 there were not a few respectful suggestions that too much time was allowed to the few wrangling disputants4 ,in a pretty full and varied experience of lecture-rooms at home and abroad ,i cannot recall another where the class was asked to criticize the methods of the lecturer4 ,another class of twelve or fourteen1 in the same year1 on ,descartes1 ,spinoza1 and ,leibnitz1 met in one of the 'tower rooms' of ,sever ,hall1 sitting around a table4 ,here we had to do mostly with pure metaphysics4 ,and more striking still was the prominence of humanity and sensibility in his way of taking philosophic problems4 ,i can see him now1 sitting at the head of that heavy table of light-colored oak near the bow-window that formed the end of the room4 ,my brother1 a visitor at ,cambridge1 dropping in for an hour and seeing him with his vigorous air1 bronzed and sanguine complexion1 and brown tweeds1 said1 ',he looks more like a sportsman than a professor4' ,i think that the sporting men in college always felt a certain affinity to themselves on one side in the freshness and manhood that distinguished him in mind1 appearance1 and diction4 ,it was1 by the way1 in this latter course that ,i first heard some of the philosophic phrases now identified with him4 ,there was a great deal about the monist and pluralist views of the universe4 ,the world of the monist was described as a 'block-universe' and the monist himself as 'wallowing in a sense of unbridled unity1' or something of the sort4 ,he always wanted the men to write one or two 'theses' in the course of the year and to get to work early on them4 ,he made a great deal of bibliography4 ,he would say1 ',i am no man for editions and references1 no exact bibliographer4' ,but none the less he would put upon the blackboard full lists of books1 ,english1 ,french1 ,german1 and ,italian1 on our subject4 ,his own reading was immense and systematic4 ,no one has ever done justice to it1 partly because he spoke with unaffected modesty of that side of his equipment4 ,of course this knowledge came to the foreground in his 'seminar4' ,in my second year ,i was with him in one of these for both terms1 the first half-year studying the psychology of pleasure and pain1 and the second1 mental pathology4 ,here each of us undertook a special topic1 the reading for which was suggested by him4 ,the students were an interesting group1 including ,professor ,santayana1 then an instructor1 ,dr4 ,herbert ,nichols1 ,messrs4 ,mezes 7now ,president of the ,city ,college1 ,new ,york71 ,pierce 7late ,professor at ,smith ,college71 ,angell 7,professor of ,psychology at ,chicago1 and now ,president of the ,carnegie ,corporation71 ,bakewell 7,professor at ,yale71 and ,alfred ,hodder 7who became instructor at ,bryn ,mawr ,college1 then abandoned academic life for literature and politics74 ,in this seminar ,i was deeply impressed by his judicious and often judicial quality4 ,his range of intellectual experience1 his profound cultivation in literature1 in science and in art 7has there been in our generation a more cultivated man871 his absolutely unfettered and untrammeled mind1 ready to do sympathetic justice to the most unaccredited1 audacious1 or despised hypotheses1 yet always keeping his own sense of proportion and the balance of evidence--merely to know these qualities1 as we sat about that council-board1 was to receive1 so far as we were capable of absorbing it1 in a heightened sense of the good old adjective1 'liberal' education4 ,of all the services he did us in this seminar perhaps the greatest was his running commentary on the students' reports on such authors as ,lombroso and ,nordau1 and all theories of degeneracy and morbid human types4 ,his thought was that there is no sharp line to be drawn between 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' minds1 that all have something of both4 ,once when we were returning from two insane asylums which he had arranged for the class to visit1 and at one of which we had seen a dangerous1 almost naked maniac1 ,i remember his saying1 ',president ,eliot might not like to admit that there is no sharp line between himself and the men we have just seen1 but it is true4' ,he would emphasize that people who had great nervous burdens to carry1 hereditary perhaps1 could order their lives fruitfully and perhaps derive some gain from their 'degenerate' sensitiveness1 whatever it might be4 ,the doctrine is set forth with regard to religion in an early chapter of his ',varieties of ,religious ,experience1' but for us it was applied to life at large4 ,in private conversation he had a mastery of words1 a voice1 a vigor1 a freedom1 a dignity1 and therefore what one might call an authority1 in which he stood quite alone4 ,yet brilliant man as he was1 he never quite outgrew a perceptible shyness or diffidence in the lecture-room1 which showed sometimes in a heightened color4 ,going to lecture in one of the last courses he ever gave at ,harvard1 he said to a colleague whom he met on the way1 ',i have lectured so and so many years1 and yet here am ,i on the way to my class in trepidation6' ,professor ,royce's style of exposition was continuous1 even1 unfailing1 composed4 ,professor ,james was more conversational1 varied1 broken1 at times struggling for expression--in spite of what has been mentioned as his mastery of words4 ,this was natural1 for the one was deeply and comfortably installed in a theory 7to be sure a great theory71 and the other was peering out in quest of something greater which he did not distinctly see4 ,james's method gave us in the classroom more of his own exploration and aperu4 ,we felt his mind at work4 ,royce in lecturing sat immovable4 ,james would rise with a peculiar suddenness and make bold and rapid strokes for a diagram on the black-board--,i can remember his abstracted air as he wrestled with some idea1 standing by his chair with one foot upon it1 elbow on knee1 hand to chin4 ,a friend has described a scene at a little class that1 in a still earlier year1 met in ,james's own study4 ,in the effort to illustrate he brought out a black-board4 ,he stood it on a chair and in various other positions1 but could not at once write upon it1 hold it steady1 and keep it in the class's vision4 ,entirely bent on what he was doing1 his efforts resulted at last in his standing it on the floor while he lay down at full length1 holding it with one hand1 drawing with the other1 and continuing the flow of his commentary4 ,i can myself remember how1 after one of his lectures on ,pragmatism in the ,horace ,mann ,auditorium in ,new ,york1 being assailed with questions by people who came up to the edge of the platform1 he ended by sitting on that edge himself1 all in his frock-coat as he was1 his feet hanging down1 with his usual complete absorption in the subject1 and the look of human and mellow consideration which distinguished him at such moments1 meeting the thoughts of the inquirers1 whose attention also was entirely riveted4 ,if this suggests a lack of dignity1 it misleads1 for dignity never forsook him1 such was the inherent strength of tone and bearing4 ,in one respect these particular lectures 7afterwards published as his book on ,pragmatism7 stand alone in my recollection4 ,an audience may easily be large the first time1 but if there is a change it usually falls away more or less on the subsequent occasions4 ,these lectures were announced for one of the larger lecture-halls4 ,this was so crowded before the lecture began1 some not being able to gain admittance1 that the audience had to be asked to move to the large 'auditorium' ,i have mentioned4 ,but in it also the numbers grew1 till on the last day it presented much the same appearance as the other hall on the first4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,nov4 #ai1 #ahic4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miller1--,i have found the work of recommencing teaching unexpectedly formidable after our year of gentlemanly irresponsibility4 ,i seem to have forgotten everything1 especially psychology1 and the subjects themselves have become so paltry and insignificant-seeming that each lecture has appeared a ghastly farce4 ,of late things are getting more real2 but the experience brings startlingly near to one the wild desert of old-age which lies ahead1 and makes me feel like impressing on all chicken-professors like you the paramount urgency of providing for the time when you'll be old fogies1 by laying by from your very first year of service a fund on which you may be enabled to retire before you're sixty and incapable of any cognitive operation that wasn't ground into you twenty years before1 or of any emotion save bewilderment and jealousy of the thinkers of the rising generation4 ,i am glad to hear that you have more writings on the stocks4 ,i read your paper on ,truth and ,error with bewilderment and jealousy4 ,either it is ,dr4 ,johnson redivivus striking the earth with his stick and saying1 ,matter exists and there's an end on 't1 or it is a new ,david ,hume1 reincarnated in your form1 and so subtle in his simplicity that a decaying mind like mine fails to seize any of the deeper import of his words4 ,the trouble is1 ,i can't tell which it is4 ,but with the help of ,god ,i will go at it again this winter1 when ,i settle down to my final bout with ,royce's theory1 which must result in my either actively becoming a propagator thereof1 or actively its enemy and destroyer4 ,it is high time that this more decisive attitude were generated in me1 and it ought to take place this winter4 ,i hardly see more of my colleagues this winter than ,i did last year4 ,each of us lies in his burrow1 and we meet on the street4 ,mnsterberg is going really splendidly and the ,laboratory is a bower of delight4 ,but ,i do not work there4 ,royce is in powerful condition4444 ,yours ever1 ,w4 ,j4 ,although1 in the next letter1 ,james poked fun at reformed spelling1 he was really in sympathy with the movement to which his correspondent was giving an outspoken support--as ,mr4 ,holt of course understood4 ,isn't it abominable--,professor ,palmer has quoted ,james as exclaiming--that everybody is expected to spell the same way6 ,he lent his name to ,mr4 ,carnegie's simplified spelling program1 and used to wax honestly indignant when people opposed spelling reform with purely conservative arguments4 ,he cared little about etymology1 and saw clearly enough that mere accident and fashion have helped to determine orthography4 ,but in his own writing he never put himself to great pains to reducate his reflexes4 ,he let his hand write through as often as thro' or thru1 and only occasionally bethought him to write 'filosofy' and 'telefone4' ,when he published1 the text of his books showed very few reforms4 ,to ,henry ,holt4 ,cambridge1 ,march #bgahid4 ,autographically written1 and spelt spontaneously4 ,,dear ,,holt1--,the ,introduction to filosofy is what ,i ment--,i dont no the other book4 ,i will try ,nordau's ,entartung this summer--as a rule however it duzn't profit me to read ,jeremiads against evil--the example of a little good has more effect4 ,a propo of kitchen ranges1 ,i wish you wood remoov your recommendation from that ,boynton ,furnace ,company's affair4 ,we have struggld with it for five years--lost #b cooks in consequens--burnt countless tons of extra coal1 never had anything decently baikt1 and now1 having got rid of it for #ae dollars1 are having a happy kitchen for the #ast time in our experience--all through your unprinsipld recommendation6 ,you ought to hear my wife sware when she hears your name6 ,i will try about a translator for ,nordau--though the only man ,i can think of needs munny more than fame1 and coodn't do the job for pure love of the publisher or author1 or on an unsertainty4 ,yours affectionately1 ,,william ,,james4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,princeton1 ,dec4 #bi1 #ahid4 ,,dear ,h41--,i have been here for three days at my co-psychologist ,baldwin's house1 presiding over a meeting of the ,american ,association of ,psychologists1 which has proved a very solid and successful affair4#c ,strange to say1 we are getting to be veterans1 and the brunt of the discussions was borne by former students of mine4 ,it is a very healthy movement4 ,alice is with me1 the weather is frosty clear and cold1 touching zero this ,a4,m4 and the country robed in snow4 ,princeton is a beautiful place4444 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #bf1 #ahie4 444,i have been reading ,balfour's ,foundations of ,belief with immense gusto4 ,it almost makes me a ,liberal-,unionist6 ,if ,i mistake not1 it will have a profound effect eventually1 and it is a pleasure to see old ,england coming to the fore every time with some big stroke4 ,there is more real philosophy in such a book than in fifty ,german ones of which the eminence consists in heaping up subtleties and technicalities about the subject4 ,the ,english genius makes the vitals plain by scuffing the technicalities away4 ,b4 is a great man4444 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,,springfield ,,centre1 ,n4,y41 ,june #af1 #ahie4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend1--,about the #bbnd6 ,i will come if you command it2 but reflect on my situation ere you do so4 ,just reviving from the addled and corrupted condition in which the ,cambridge year has left me2 just at the portals of that ,adirondack wilderness for the breath of which ,i have sighed for years1 unable to escape the cares of domesticity and get there2 just about to get a little health into me1 a little simplification and solidification and purification and sanification--things which will never come again if this one chance be lost2 just filled to satiety with all the simpering conventions and vacuous excitements of so-called civilization2 hungering for their opposite1 the smell of the spruce1 the feel of the moss1 the sound of the cataract1 the bath in its waters1 the divine outlook from the cliff or hill-top over the unbroken forest--oh1 ,madam1 ,madam6 do you know what medicinal things you ask me to give up8 ,alas6 ,i aspire downwards1 and really am nothing1 not becoming a savage as ,i would be1 and failing to be the civilizee that ,i really ought to be content with being6 ,but ,i wish that you also aspired to the wilderness4 ,there are some nooks and summits in that ,adirondack region where one can really recline on one's divine composure1 and1 as long as one stays up there1 seem for a while to enjoy one's birth-right of freedom and relief from every fever and falsity4 ,stretched out on such a shelf1--with thee beside me singing in the wilderness1--what babblings might go on1 what judgment-day discourse6 ,command me to give it up and return1 if you will1 by telegram addressed ,adirondack ,lodge1 ,north ,elba1 ,n4,y4 ,in any case ,i shall return before the end of the month1 and later shall be hanging about ,cambridge some time in ,july1 giving lectures 7for my sins7 in the ,summer ,school4 ,i am staying now with a cousin on ,otsego ,lake1 a dear old country-place that has been in their family for a century1 and is rich and ample and reposeful4 ,the ,kipling visit went off splendidly--he's a regular little brick of a man2 but it's strange that with so much sympathy with the insides of every living thing1 brute or human1 drunk or sober1 he should have so little sympathy with those of a ,yankee--who also is1 in the last analysis1 one of ,god's creatures4 ,i have stopped at ,williamstown1 at ,albany1 at ,amsterdam1 at ,utica1 at ,syracuse1 and finally here1 each time to visit human beings with whom ,i had business of some sort or other4 ,the best was ,benj4 ,paul ,blood at ,amsterdam1 a son of the soil1 but a man with extraordinary power over the ,english tongue1 of whom ,i will tell you more some day4 ,i will by the way enclose some clippings from his latest effort4 ,yes1 ,paul is quite a correspondent6 as a citizen remarked to me from whom ,i inquired the way to his dwelling4 ,don't you think correspondent rather a good generic term for man of letters1 from the point of view of the country-town newspaper reader8444 ,now1 dear1 noble1 incredibly perfect ,madam1 you won't take ill my reluctance about going to ,beverly1 even to your abode1 so soon4 ,i am a badly mixed critter1 and ,i experience a certain organic need for simplification and solitude that is quite imperious1 and so vital as actually to be respectable even by others4 ,so be indulgent to your ever faithful and worshipful1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,howison4 ,cambridge1 ,july #ag1 #ahie4 ,,my ,,dear ,,howison1--,how you have misunderstood the application of my word trivial as being discriminatively applied to your pluralistic idealism6 ,quite the reverse--if there be a philosophy that ,i believe in1 it's that4 ,the word came out of one who is unfit to be a philosopher because at bottom he hates philosophy1 especially at the beginning of a vacation1 with the fragrance of the spruces and sweet ferns all soaking him through with the conviction that it is better to be than to define your being4 ,i am a victim of neurasthenia and of the sense of hollowness and unreality that goes with it4 ,and philosophic literature will often seem to me the hollowest thing4 ,my word trivial was a general reflection exhaling from this mood1 vile indeed in a supposed professor4 ,where it will end with me1 ,i do not know4 ,i wish ,i could give it all up4 ,but perhaps it is a grand climacteric and will pass away4 ,at present ,i am philosophizing as little as possible1 in order to do it the better next year1 if ,i can do it at all4 ,and ,i envy you your stalwart and steadfast enthusiasm and faith4 ,always devotedly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,glenwood ,,springs1 ,,colorado1 ,aug4 #ac1 #ahie4 ,,my ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,ever since last ,january an envelope addressed to you has been lying before my eyes on my library table4 ,i mention this to assure you that you have not been absent from my thoughts2 but ,i will waste no time or paper in making excuses4 ,as the sage ,emerson says1 when you visit a man do not degrade the occasion with apologies for not having visited him before4 ,visit him now6 ,make him feel that the highest truth has come to see him in you its lowliest organ4 ,i don't know about the highest truth transpiring through this letter1 but ,i feel as if there were plenty of affection and personal gossip to express themselves4 ,to begin with1 your photograph and ,mrs4 ,flournoy's were splendid4 ,what we need now is the photographs of those fair demoiselles6 ,i may say that one reason of my long silence has been the hope that when ,i wrote ,i should have my wife's photograph to send you4 ,but alas6 it has not been taken yet4 ,she is well1 very well1 and is now in our little ,new ,hampshire country-place with the children1 living very quietly and happily4 ,we have had a rather large train de maison hitherto1 and this summer we are shrunken to our bare essentials--a very pleasant change4 ,i1 you see1 am farther away from home than ,i have ever been before on this side of the ,atlantic1 namely1 in the state of ,colorado1 and just now in the heart of the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,i have been giving a course of six lectures on psychology for teachers at a so-called summer-school in ,colorado ,springs4 ,i had to remain for three nights and three days in the train to get there1 and it has made me understand the vastness of my dear native land better than ,i ever did before4444 ,the trouble with all this new civilization is that it is based1 not on saving1 but on borrowing2 and when hard times come1 as they did come three years ago1 everyone goes bankrupt4 ,but the vision of the future1 the dreams of the possible1 keep everyone enthusiastic1 and so the work goes on4 ,such conditions have never existed before on so enormous a scale4 ,but ,i must not write you a treatise on national economy6--,i got through the year very well in regard to health1 and gave in the course of it1 what ,i had never done before1 a number of lectures to teachers in ,boston and ,new ,york4 ,i also repeated my course in ,cosmology in the new woman's ,college which has lately been established in connection with our ,university4 ,the consequence is that ,i laid by more than a thousand dollars1 an absolutely new and proportionately pleasant experience for me4 ,to make up for it1 ,i haven't had an idea or written anything to speak of except the presidential address which ,i sent you1 and which really contained nothing new4444 ,and now is not that enough gossip about ourselves8 ,i wish ,i could1 by telephone1 at this moment1 hear just where and how you all are1 and what you are all doing4 ,in the mountains somewhere1 of course1 and ,i trust all well2 but it is perhaps fifteen or twenty years too soon for transatlantic telephone4 ,my surroundings here1 so much like those of ,switzerland1 bring you before me in a lively manner4 ,i enclose a picture of one of the streets at ,colorado ,springs for ,madame ,flournoy1 and another one of a cowboy for that one of the demoiselles who is most romanesque4 ,alice1 ,blanche--but ,i have actually gone and been and forgotten the name of the magnificent third one1 whose resplendent face ,i so well remember notwithstanding4 ,dulcissima mundi nomina1 all of them2 and ,i do hope that they are being educated in a thoroughly emancipated way1 just like true ,american girls1 with no laws except those imposed by their own sense of fitness4 ,i am sure it produces the best results6 ,how did the teaching go last year8 ,i mean your own teaching4 ,have you started any new lines8 ,and how is ,chantre8 and how ,ritter8 ,and how ,monsieur ,gowd8 ,please give my best regards to all round1 especially to ,ritter4 ,have you a copy left of your ,mtaphysique et ,psychologie8 ,in some inscrutable way my copy has disappeared1 and the book is reported puis4 ,with warmest possible regards to both of you1 and to all five of the descendants1 believe me ever faithfully yours1 ,w4 ,,james4 ,to his ,daughter4 ,,el ,,paso1 ,,colo41 ,aug4 #h1 #ahie4 ,,sweetest ,,of ,,living ,pegs1--,your letter made glad my heart the day before yesterday1 and ,i marveled to see what an improvement had come over your handwriting in the short space of six weeks4 ,orphly and ofly are good ways to spell awfully1 too4 ,i went up a high mountain yesterday and saw all the kingdoms of the world spread out before me1 on the illimitable prairie which looked like a map4 ,the sky glowed and made the earth look like a stained-glass window4 ,the mountains are bright red4 ,all the flowers and plants are different from those at home4 ,there is an immense mastiff in my house here4 ,i think that even you would like him1 he is so tender and gentle and mild1 although fully as big as a calf4 ,his ears and face are black1 his eyes are yellow1 his paws are magnificent1 his tail keeps wagging all the time1 and he makes on me the impression of an angel hid in a cloud4 ,he longs to do good4 ,i must now go and hear two other men lecture4 ,many kisses1 also to ,tweedy1 from your ever loving1 ,,dad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,december #ag1 #ahie1 ,president ,cleveland's ,venezuela message startled the world and created a situation with which the next three letters are concerned4 ,the boundary dispute between ,venezuela and ,british ,guiana had been dragging along for years4 ,the public had no reason to suppose that it was becoming acute1 or that the ,united ,states was particularly interested in it1 and had1 in fact1 not been giving the matter so much as a thought4 ,all at once the ,president sent a message to ,congress in which he announced that it was incumbent upon the ,united ,states to take measures to determine 444 the true boundary line1 and then to resist by every means in its power as a willful aggression upon its rights and interests any appropriation by ,great ,britain of territory not thus determined to be hers4 ,in addition he sent to ,congress1 and thus published1 the diplomatic despatches which had already passed between ,mr4 ,olney and ,lord ,salisbury4 ,in these ,mr4 ,olney had informed the representative of the ,empire which was sovereign in ,british ,guiana that distance and three thousand miles of intervening ocean make any permanent political union between a ,european and an ,american state unnatural and inexpedient1 and that today the ,united ,states is practically sovereign on this continent1 and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition4 ,lord ,salisbury had squarely declined to concede that the ,united ,states could1 of its own initiative1 assume to settle the boundary dispute4 ,it was difficult to see how either ,great ,britain or the ,united ,states could with dignity alter the position which its minister had assumed4 ,james was a warm admirer of the ,president1 but this seemingly wanton provocation of a friendly nation horrified him4 ,he considered that no blunder in statesmanship could be more dangerous than a premature appeal to a people's fighting pride1 and that no perils inherent in the ,venezuela boundary dispute were as grave as was the danger that popular explosions on one or both sides of the ,atlantic would make it impossible for the two governments to proceed moderately4 ,he was appalled at the outburst of ,anglophobia and war-talk which followed the message4 ,the war-cloud hung in the heavens for several weeks4 ,then1 suddenly1 a breeze from a strange quarter relieved the atmosphere4 ,the ,jameson raid occurred in ,africa1 and the ,kaiser sent his famous message to ,president ,kruger4#d ,the ,english press turned its fire upon the ,kaiser4 ,the world's attention was diverted from ,venezuela1 and the boundary dispute was quietly and amicably disposed of4 ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin4 ,cambridge1 ,christmas ,eve #ahie4 ,,darling ,,old ,,godkin1--,the only ,christmas present ,i can send you is a word of thanks and a bravo bravissimo for your glorious fight against the powers of darkness4 ,i swear it brings back the days of '#fa again1 when the worst enemies of our country were in our own borders4 ,but now that defervescence has set in1 and the long1 long campaign of discussion and education is about to begin1 you will have to bear the leading part in it1 and ,i beseech you to be as non-expletive and patiently explanatory as you can1 for thus will you be the more effective4 ,father1 forgive them for they know not what they do6 ,the insincere propaganda of jingoism as a mere weapon of attack on the ,president was diabolic4 ,but in the rally of the country to the ,president's message lay that instinct of obedience to leaders which is the prime condition of all effective greatness in a nation4 ,and after all1 when one thinks that the only ,england most ,americans are taught to conceive of is the bugaboo coward-,england1 ready to invade the ,globe wherever there is no danger1 the rally does not necessarily show savagery1 but only ignorance4 ,we are all ready to be savage in some cause4 ,the difference between a good man and a bad one is the choice of the cause4 ,two things are1 however1 dsormais certain3 ,three days of fighting mob-hysteria at ,washington can at any time undo peace habits of a hundred years2 and the only permanent safeguard against irrational explosions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and opportunity4 ,since this country has absolutely nothing to fear1 or any other country anything to gain from its invasion1 it seems to me that the party of civilization ought immediately1 at any cost of discredit1 to begin to agitate against any increase of either army1 navy1 or coast defense4 ,that is the one form of protection against the internal enemy on which we can most rely4 ,we live and learn3 the labor of civilizing ourselves is for the next thirty years going to be complicated with this other abominable new issue of which the seed was sown last week4 ,you saw the new kind of danger1 as you always do1 before anyone else2 but it grew gigantic much more suddenly than even you conceived to be possible4 ,olney's ,jefferson ,brick style makes of our ,foreign ,office a laughing-stock1 of course4 ,but why1 oh why1 couldn't he and ,cleveland and ,congress between them have left out the infernal war-threat and simply asked for #ajj1jjj for a judicial commission to enable us to see exactly to what effect we ought1 in justice1 to exert our influence4 ,that commission1 if its decision were adverse1 would have put ,england in a hole1 awakened allies for us in all countries1 been a solemn step forward in the line of national righteousness1 covered us with dignity1 and all the rest4 ,but no--omnia ademit una dies infesta tibi tot prmia vit6--,still1 the campaign of education may raise us out of it all yet4 ,distrust of each other must not be suffered to go too far1 for that way lies destruction4 ,dear old ,godkin--,i don't know whether you will have read more than the first page--,i didn't expect to write more than one and a half1 but the steam will work off4 ,i haven't slept right for a week4 ,i have just given my ,harry1 now a freshman1 your ,comments and ,reflections1 and have been renewing my youth in some of its admirable pages4 ,but why the dickens did you leave out some of the most delectable of the old sentences in the cottager and boarder essay8#e ,don't curse ,god and die1 dear old fellow4 ,live and be patient and fight for us a long time yet in this new war4 ,best regards to ,mrs4 ,godkin and to ,lawrence1 and a merry ,christmas4 ,yours ever affectionately1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #a1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,myers1--,here is a happy ,new ,year to you with my presidential address for a gift4#f ,valeat quantum4 ,the end could have been expanded1 but probably this is enough to set the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 against a lofty ,kultur-historisch background2 and where we have to do so much champing of the jaws on minute details of cases1 that seems to me a good point in a president's address4 ,in the first half1 it has just come over me that what ,i say of one line of fact being strengthened in the flank by another is an uprush from my subliminal memory of words of ,gurney's--but that does no harm4444 ,well1 our countries will soon be soaked in each other's gore4 ,you will be disemboweling me1 and ,hodgson cleaving ,lodge's skull4 ,it will be a war of extermination when it comes1 for neither side can tell when it is beaten1 and the last man will bury the penultimate one1 and then die himself4 ,the ,french will then occupy ,england and the ,spaniards ,america4 ,both will unite against the ,germans1 and no one can foretell the end4 ,but seriously1 all true patriots here have had a hell of a time4 ,it has been a most instructive thing for the dispassionate student of history to see how near the surface in all of us the old fighting instinct lies1 and how slight an appeal will wake it up4 ,once really waked1 there is no retreat4 ,so the whole wisdom of governors should be to avoid the direct appeals4 ,this your ,european governments know2 but we in our bottomless innocence and ignorance over here know nothing1 and ,cleveland in my opinion1 by his explicit allusion to war1 has committed the biggest political crime ,i have ever seen here4 ,the secession of the southern states had more excuse4 ,there was absolutely no need of it4 ,a commission solemnly appointed to pronounce justice in the ,venezuela case would1 if its decision were adverse to your country1 have doubtless aroused the ,liberal party in ,england to espouse the policy of arbitrating1 and would have covered us with dignity1 if no threat of war had been uttered4 ,but as it is1 who can see the way out8 ,every one goes about now saying war is not to be4 ,but with these volcanic forces who can tell8 ,i suppose that the offices of ,germany or ,italy might in any case1 however1 save us from what would be the worst disaster to civilization that our time could bring forth4 ,the astounding thing is the latent ,anglophobia now revealed4 ,it is most of it directly traceable to the diabolic machinations of the party of protection for the past twenty years4 ,they have lived by every sort of infamous sophistication1 and hatred of ,england has been one of their most conspicuous notes4444 ,i hope you'll read my address--unless indeed ,gladstone will consent66 ,ever thine--,i hate to think of embruing my hands in 7or with87 your blood4 ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 ,proceedings ,,xxix just in--hurrah for your #bjj-odd pages6 ,i have been ultra non-committal as to our evidence1--thinking it to be good presidential policy1--but ,i may have overdone the impartiality business4 ,to ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #e1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,,myers1--,voici the proof6 ,pray send me a revise--,cattell wants to print it simultaneously in extenso in ,science1 which ,i judge to be a very good piece of luck for it4 ,when will the next ,proceedings be likely to appear8 ,i hope your rich tones were those that rolled off its periods1 and that you didn't flinch1 but rather raised your voice1 when your own genius was mentioned4 ,i read it both in ,new ,york and ,boston to full houses1 but heard no comments on the spot4444 ,as for ,venezuela1 ,ach6 of that be silent6 as ,carlyle would have said4 ,it is a sickening business1 but some good may come out of it yet4 ,don't feel too badly about the ,anglophobia here4 ,it doesn't mean so much4 ,remember by what words the country was roused3 ,supine submission to wrong and injustice and the consequent loss of national self-respect and honor4#g ,if any other country's ruler had expressed himself with equal moral ponderosity wouldn't the population have gone twice as fighting-mad as ours8 ,of course it would2 the wolf would have been aroused2 and when the wolf once gets going1 we know that there is no crime of which it doesn't sincerely begin to believe its oppressor1 the lamb down-stream1 to be guilty4 ,the great proof that civilization does move1 however1 is the magnificent conduct of the ,british press4 ,yours everlastingly1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,holt1 ,esq4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,holt1--,at the risk of displeasing you1 ,i think ,i won't have my photograph taken1 even at no cost to myself4 ,i abhor this hawking about of everybody's phiz which is growing on every hand1 and don't see why having written a book should expose one to it4 ,i am sorry that you should have succumbed to the supposed trade necessity4 ,in any case1 ,i will stand on my rights as a free man4 ,you may kill me1 but you shan't publish my photograph4 ,put a blank thumbnail in its place4 ,very very sorry to displease a man whom ,i love so much4 ,always lovingly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to his ,class at ,radcliffe ,college which had sent a potted azalea to him at ,easter4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #f1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,,young ,,ladies1--,i am deeply touched by your remembrance4 ,it is the first time anyone ever treated me so kindly1 so you may well believe that the impression on the heart of the lonely sufferer will be even more durable than the impression on your minds of all the teachings of ,philosophy #b;,a4 ,i now perceive one immense omission in my ,psychology1--the deepest principle of ,human ,nature is the craving to be appreciated1 and ,i left it out altogether from the book1 because ,i had never had it gratified till now4 ,i fear you have let loose a demon in me1 and that all my actions will now be for the sake of such rewards4 ,however1 ,i will try to be faithful to this one unique and beautiful azalea tree1 the pride of my life and delight of my existence4 ,winter and summer will ,i tend and water it--even with my tears4 ,mrs4 ,james shall never go near it or touch it4 ,if it dies1 ,i will die too2 and if ,i die1 it shall be planted on my grave4 ,don't take all this too jocosely1 but believe in the extreme pleasure you have caused me1 and in the affectionate feelings with which ,i am and shall always be faithfully your friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge ,apr4 #ag1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,h41--,too busy to live almost1 lectures and laboratory1 dentists and dinner-parties1 so that ,i am much played out1 but get off today for eight days' vacation via ,new ,haven1 where ,i deliver an address tonight1 to the ,yale ,philosophy ,club4 ,i shall make it the title of a small volume of collected things called ,the ,will to ,believe1 and ,other ,essays in ,popular ,philosophy1 and then ,i think write no more addresses1 of which the form takes it out of one unduly4 ,if ,i do anything more1 it will be a book on general ,philosophy4 ,i have been having a bad conscience about not writing to you1 when your letter of the #gth came yesterday expressing a bad conscience of your own4 ,you certainly do your duty best4 ,i am glad to think of you in the country and hope it will succeed with you and make you thrive4 ,i look forward with much excitement to the fruit of all this work4444 ,just a word of good-will and good wish4 ,i think ,i shall go to the ,hot ,springs of ,virginia for next week4 ,the spring has burst upon us1 hot and droughtily1 after a glorious burly winter-playing ,march4 ,yours ever1 ,w4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the next letter begins by acknowledging one which had alluded to the death of a ,cambridge gentleman who had been run over in the street1 almost under ,william ,james's eyes4 ,henry ,james had closed his allusion by exclaiming1 ,what melancholy1 what terrible duties vous incombent when your neighbours are destroyed4 ,and telling that poor man's wife6--,life is heroic--however we 'fix' it6 ,even as ,i write these words the ,st4 ,louis horror bursts in upon me in the evening paper4 ,inconceivable--,i can't try2 and ,i won't4 ,strange how practically all one's sense of news from the ,u4 ,s4 here is huge ,horrors and ,catastrophes4 ,it's a terrible country not to live in4 ,he would have exclaimed even more if he had witnessed the mescal experiment1 that is briefly mentioned in the letter that follows4 ,he might then have gone on to remark that the fixing of life seemed1 in ,william's neighborhood1 to be quite gratuitously heroic4 ,william ,james and his wife and the youngest child were alone in the ,chocorua cottage for a few days1 picnicking by themselves without any servant4 ,they had no horse2 at that season of the year hours often went by without any one passing the house2 there was no telephone1 no neighbor within a mile1 no good doctor within eighteen miles4 ,it was quite characteristic of ,james that he should think such conditions ideal for testing an unknown drug on himself4 ,there would be no interruptions4 ,he had no fear4 ,he was impatient to satisfy his curiosity about the promised hallucinations of color4 ,but the effects of one dose were1 for a while1 much more alarming than his letter would give one to understand4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #aa1 #ahif4 ,your long letter of ,whitsuntide week in ,london came yesterday evening1 and was read by me aloud to ,alice and ,harry as we sat at tea in the window to get the last rays of the ,sunday's sun4 ,you have too much feeling of duty about corresponding with us1 and1 ,i imagine1 with everyone4 ,i think you have behaved most handsomely of late--and always1 and though your letters are the great fte of our lives1 ,i won't be on your mind for worlds4 ,your general feeling of unfulfilled obligations is one that runs in the family--,i at least am often afflicted by it--but it is morbid4 ,the horrors of not living in ,america1 as you so well put it1 are not shared by those who do live here4 ,all that the telegraph imparts are the shocks2 the happy homes1 good husbands and fathers1 fine weather1 honest business men1 neat new houses1 punctual meetings of engagements1 etc41 of which the country mainly consists1 are never cabled over4 ,of course1 the ,saint ,louis disaster is dreadful1 but it will very likely end by improving the city4 ,the really bad thing here is the silly wave that has gone over the public mind--protection humbug1 silver1 jingoism1 etc4 ,it is a case of mob-psychology4 ,any country is liable to it if circumstances conspire1 and our circumstances have conspired4 ,it is very hard to get them out of the rut4 ,it may take another financial crash to get them out--which1 of course1 will be an expensive method4 ,it is no more foolish and considerably less damnable than the ,russophobia of ,england1 which would seem to have been responsible for the ,armenian massacres4 ,that to me is the biggest indictment of our boasted civilization66 ,it requires ,england1 ,i say nothing of the other powers1 to maintain the ,turks at that business4 ,we have let our little place1 our tenant arrives the day after tomorrow1 and ,alice and ,i and ,tweedie have been here a week enjoying it and cleaning house and place4 ,she has worked like a beaver4 ,i had two days spoiled by a psychological experiment with mescal1 an intoxicant used by some of our ,southwestern ,indians in their religious ceremonies1 a sort of cactus bud1 of which the ,u4 ,s4 ,government had distributed a supply to certain medical men1 including ,weir ,mitchell1 who sent me some to try4 ,he had himself been in fairyland4 ,it gives the most glorious visions of color--every object thought of appears in a jeweled splendor unknown to the natural world4 ,it disturbs the stomach somewhat1 but that1 according to ,w4 ,m41 was a cheap price1 etc4 ,i took one bud three days ago1 was violently sick for #bd hours1 and had no other symptom whatever except that and the ,katzenjammer the following day4 ,i will take the visions on trust6 ,we have had three days of delicious rain--it all soaks into the sandy soil here and leaves no mud whatever4 ,the little place is the most curious mixture of sadness with delight4 ,the sadness of things--things every one of which was done either by our hands or by our planning1 old furniture renovated1 there isn't an object in the house that isn't associated with past life1 old summers1 dead people1 people who will never come again1 etc41 and the way it catches you round the heart when you first come and open the house from its long winter sleep is most extraordinary4 ,i have been reading ,bourget's ,idylle ,tragique1 which he very kindly sent me1 and since then have been reading in ,tolstoy's ,war and ,peace1 which ,i never read before1 strange to say4 ,i must say that ,t4 rather kills ,b41 for my mind4 ,b4's moral atmosphere is anyhow so foreign to me1 a lewdness so obligatory that it hardly seems as if it were part of a moral donne at all2 and then his overlabored descriptions1 and excessive explanations4 ,but with it all an earnestness and enthusiasm for getting it said as well as possible1 a richness of epithet1 and a warmth of heart that makes you like him1 in spite of the unmanliness of all the things he writes about4 ,i suppose there is a stratum in ,france to whom it is all manly and ideal1 but he and ,i are1 as ,rosina says1 a bad combination4444 ,tolstoy is immense6 ,i am glad you are in a writing vein again1 to go still higher up the scale6 ,i have abstained on principle from the ,atlantic serial1 wishing to get it all at once4 ,i am not going abroad2 ,i can't afford it4 ,i have a chance to give #aejj worth of summer lectures here1 which won't recur4 ,i have a heavy year of work next year1 and shall very likely need to go the following summer1 which will anyhow be after a more becoming interval than this1 so1 somme toute1 it is postponed4 ,if ,i went ,i should certainly enjoy seeing you at ,rye more than in ,london1 which ,i confess tempts me little now4 ,i love to see it1 but staying there doesn't seem to agree with me1 and only suggests constraint and money-spending1 apart from seeing you4 ,i wish you could see how comfortable our ,cambridge house has got at last to be4 ,alice who is upstairs sewing whilst ,i write below by the lamp--a great wood fire hissing in the fireplace--sings out her thanks and love to you4444 ,to ,benjamin ,paul ,blood4 ,,chatham1 ,,mass41 ,june #bh1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,blood1--,your letter was an event1 as anything always is from your pen--though of course ,i never expected any acknowledgment of my booklet4 ,fear of life in one form or other is the great thing to exorcise2 but it isn't reason that will ever do it4 ,impulse without reason is enough1 and reason without impulse is a poor makeshift4 ,i take it that no man is educated who has never dallied with the thought of suicide4 ,barely more than a year ago ,i was sitting at your table and dallying with the thought of publishing an anthology of your works4 ,but1 like many other projects1 it has been postponed in indefinition4 ,the hour never came last year1 and pretty surely will not come next4 ,nevertheless ,i shall work for your fame some time6 ,count on ,w4 ,j4#h ,i wound up my seminary in speculative psychology a month ago by reading some passages from the ,flaw in ,supremacy--game flavored as a hawk's wing4 ,ever not quite covers a deal of truth--yet it seems a very simple thing to have said4 ,there is no ,absolute were my last words4 ,whereupon a number of students asked where they could get that pamphlet and ,i distributed nearly all the copies ,i had from you4 ,i wish you would keep on writing1 but ,i see you are a man of discontinuity and insights1 and not a philosophic pack-horse1 or pack-mule4444 ,i rejoice that ten hours a day of toil makes you feel so hearty4 ,verily ,mr4 ,rindge says truly4 ,he is a ,cambridge boy1 who made a fortune in ,california1 and then gave a lot of public buildings to his native town4 ,unfortunately he insisted on bedecking them with mottoes of his own composition1 and over the ,manual ,training ,school near my house one reads3 ,work is one of our greatest blessings4 ,every man should have an honest occupation--which1 if not lapidary in style1 is at least what my father once said4 ,swedenborg's writings were1 viz41 insipid with veracity1 as your case now again demonstrates4 ,have you read ,tolstoy's ,war and ,peace8 ,i am just about finishing it4 ,it is undoubtedly the greatest novel ever written--also insipid with veracity4 ,the man is infallible--and the anesthetic revelation#i plays a part as in no writer4 ,you have very likely read it4 ,if you haven't1 sell all you have and buy the book1 for ,i know it will speak to your very gizzard4 ,pray thank ,mrs4 ,blood for her appreciation of my booklet 7such things encourage a writer671 and believe me ever sincerely yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,in ,july1 #ahif1 ,james delivered1 in ,buffalo and at the ,chautauqua ,assembly1 the substance of the lectures that were later published as ,talks to ,teachers4 ,his impressions of ,chautauqua were so characteristic and so lively that they must be included here1 even though they duplicate in some measure a well-known passage in the essay called ,a ,certain ,blindness in ,human ,beings4 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,,chautauqua1 ,july #bc1 #ahif4 444,the audience is some #ejj1 in an open-air auditorium where 7strange to say7 everyone seems to hear well2 and it is very good-looking--mostly teachers and women1 but they make the best impression of any audience of that sort that ,i have seen except the ,brooklyn one4 ,so here ,i go again6444 ,july #bd1 #i4cj ,p4,m4 444,x---- departed after breakfast--a good inarticulate man1 farmer's boy1 four years soldier from private to major1 business man in various ,states1 great reader1 editor of a ,handbook of ,facts1 full of swelling and bursting ,weltschmerz and religious melancholy1 yet no more flexibility or self-power in his mind than in a boot-jack4 ,altogether1 what with the teachers1 him and others whom ,i've met1 ,i'm put in conceit of college training4 ,it certainly gives glibness and flexibility1 if it doesn't give earnestness and depth4 ,i've been meeting minds so earnest and helpless that it takes them half an hour to get from one idea to its immediately adjacent next neighbor1 and that with infinite creaking and groaning4 ,and when they've got to the next idea1 they lie down on it with their whole weight and can get no farther1 like a cow on a door-mat1 so that you can get neither in nor out with them4 ,still1 glibness is not all4 ,weight is something1 even cow-weight4 ,tolstoy feels these things so--,i am still in ,anna ,karenina1 volume ,i1 a book almost incredible and supernatural for veracity4 ,i wish we were reading it aloud together4 ,it has rained at intervals all day4 ,young ,vincent1 a powerful fellow1 took me over and into the whole vast college side of the institution this ,a4,m4 ,i have heard #d-a_/b lectures1 including the one ,i gave myself at #d o'clock1 to about #abjj or more in the vast open amphitheatre1 which seats #fjjj and which has very good acoustic properties4 ,i think my voice sufficed4 ,i can't judge of the effect4 ,of course ,i left out all that gossip about my medical degree1 etc4 ,but ,i don't want any more sporadic lecturing--,i must stick to more inward things4 ,july #bf1 #ab3cj ,p4,m4 444',t is the sabbath and ,i am just in from the amphitheatre1 where the ,rev4---- has been chanting1 calling and bellowing his hour-and-a-quarter-long sermon to #fjjj people at least--a sad audition4 ,the music was bully1 a chorus of some #gjj1 splendidly drilled1 with the audience to help4 ,i have myself been asked to lead1 or1 if not to lead1 at least to do something prominent--,i declined so quick that ,i didn't fully gather what it was--in the exercise which ,i have marked on the program ,i enclose4 ,young ,vincent1 whom ,i take to be a splendid young fellow1 told me it was the characteristically ,chautauquan event of the day4 ,i would give anything to have you here4 ,i didn't write yesterday because there is no mail till tomorrow4 ,i went to four lectures1 in whole or in part4 ,all to hundreds of human beings1 a large proportion unable to get seats1 who transport themselves from one lecture-room to another en masse4 ,one was on bread-making1 with practical demonstrations4 ,one was on walking1 by a graceful young ,delsartian1 who showed us a lot4 ,one was on telling stories to children1 the psychology and pedagogy of it4 ,the audiences interrupt and ask questions occasionally in spite of their size4 ,there is hardly a pretty woman's face in the lot1 and they seem to have little or no humor in their composition4 ,no epicureanism of any sort6 ,yesterday was a beautiful day1 and ,i sailed an hour and a half down the ,lake again to ,celoron1 ,america's greatest pleasure resort1--in other words popcorn and peep-show place4 ,a sort of ,midway-,pleasance in the wilderness--supported ,heaven knows how1 so far from any human habitation except the odd little ,jamestown from which a tramway leads to it4 ,good monkeys1 bears1 foxes1 etc4 ,endless peanuts1 popcorn1 bananas1 and soft drinks2 crowds of people1 a ferris wheel1 a balloon ascension1 with a man dropping by a parachute1 a theatre1 a vast concert hall1 and all sorts of peep-shows4 ,i feel as if ,i were in a foreign land2 even as far east as this the accent of everyone is terrific4 ,the ,nation is no more known than the ,london ,times4 ,i see no need of going to ,europe when such wonders are close by4 ,i breakfasted with a ,methodist parson with #cb false teeth1 at the ,x's table1 and discoursed of demoniacal possession4 ,the wife said she had my portrait in her bedroom with the words written under it1 ,i want to bring a balm to human lives66666 ,supposed to be a quotation from me666 ,after breakfast an extremely interesting lady who has suffered from half-possessional insanity gave me a long account of her case4 ,life is heroic indeed1 as ,harry wrote4 ,i shall stay through tomorrow1 and get to ,syracuse on ,tuesday4444 ,july #bg4 444,it rained hard last night1 and today a part of the time4 ,i took a lesson in roasting1 in ,delsarte1 and ,i made with my own fair hands a beautiful loaf of graham bread with some rolls1 long1 flute-like1 and delicious4 ,i should have sent them to you by express1 only it seemed unnecessary1 since ,i can keep the family in bread easily after my return home4 ,please tell this1 with amplifications1 to ,peggy and ,tweedy4444 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 ,july #bi4 444,the ,chautauqua week1 or rather six and a half days1 has been a real success4 ,i have learned a lot1 but ,i'm glad to get into something less blameless but more admiration-worthy4 ,the flash of a pistol1 a dagger1 or a devilish eye1 anything to break the unlovely level of #aj1jjj good people--a crime1 murder1 rape1 elopement1 anything would do4 ,i don't see how the younger ,vincents stand it1 because they are people of such spirit4444 ,,syracuse1 ,n4,y41 ,july #ca4 444,now for ,utica and ,lake ,placid by rail1 with ,east ,hill in prospect for tomorrow4 ,you bet ,i rejoice at the outlook--,i long to escape from tepidity4 ,even an ,armenian massacre1 whether to be killer or killed1 would seem an agreeable change from the blamelessness of ,chautauqua as she lies soaking year after year in her lakeside sun and showers4 ,man wants to be stretched to his utmost1 if not in one way then in another6444 ,to ,miss ,rosina ,h4 ,emmet4 ,,burlington1 ,,vt41 ,aug4 #b1 #ahif4 444,i have seen more women and less beauty1 heard more voices and less sweetness1 perceived more earnestness and less triumph than ,i ever supposed possible4 ,most of the ,american nation 7and probably all nations7 is white-trash1--but ,tolstoy has borne me up--and ,i say unto you3 ,smooth out your voices if you want to be saved66444 ,to ,charles ,renouvier4 ,,burlington1 ,,vt41 ,aug4 #d1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,renouvier1--,my wife announces to me from ,cambridge the reception of two immense volumes from you on the ,philosophy of ,history4 ,i thank you most heartily for the gift1 and am more and more amazed at your intellectual and moral power--physical power1 too1 for the nervous energy required for your work has to be extremely great4 ,my own nervous energy is a small teacup-full1 and is more than consumed by my duties of teaching1 so that almost none is left over for writing4 ,i sent you a ,new ,world the other day1 however1 with an article in it called ,the ,will to ,believe1 in which 7if you took the trouble to glance at it7 you probably recognized how completely ,i am still your disciple4 ,in this point perhaps more fully than in any other2 and this point is central6 ,i have to lecture on general psychology and morbid psychology1 the philosophy of nature and the philosophy of ,kant1 thirteen lectures a week for half the year and eight for the rest4 ,our ,university moreover inflicts a monstrous amount of routine business on one1 faculty meetings and committees of every sort1#aj so that during term-time one can do no continuous reading at all--reading of books1 ,i mean4 ,when vacation comes1 my brain is so tired that ,i can read nothing serious for a month4 ,during the past month ,i have only read ,tolstoy's two great novels1 which1 strange to say1 ,i had never attacked before4 ,i don't like his fatalism and semi-pessimism1 but for infallible veracity concerning human nature1 and absolute simplicity of method1 he makes all the other writers of novels and plays seem like children4 ,all this proves that ,i shall be slow in attaining to the reading of your book4 ,i have not yet read ,pillon's last ,anne except some of the book notices and ,danriac's article4 ,how admirably clear ,p4 is in style1 and what a power of reading he possesses4 ,i hope1 dear ,mr4 ,renouvier1 that the years are not weighing heavily upon you1 and that this letter will find you well in body and in mind4 ,yours gratefully and faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,lake ,,geneva1 ,,wisconsin1 ,aug4 #cj1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,you see the electric current of sympathy that binds the world together--,i turn towards you1 and the place ,i write from repeats the name of your ,lake ,leman4 ,i was informed yesterday1 however1 that the lake here was named after ,lake ,geneva in the ,state of ,new ,york6 and that ,lake only has ,leman for its ,godmother4 ,still you see how dependent1 whether immediately or remotely1 ,america is on ,europe4 ,i was at ,niagara some three weeks ago1 and bought a photograph as souvenir and addressed it to you after getting back to ,cambridge4 ,possibly ,madame ,flournoy will deign to accept it4 ,i have thought of you a great deal without writing1 for truly1 my dear ,flournoy1 there is hardly a human being with whom ,i feel as much sympathy of aims and character1 or feel as much at home1 as ,i do with you4 ,it is as if we were of the same stock1 and ,i often mentally turn and make a remark to you1 which the pressure of life's occupations prevents from ever finding its way to paper4 ,i am hoping that you may have figured1 or at any rate been1 at the ,munich ,congress--that apparently stupendous affair4 ,if they keep growing at this rate1 the next ,paris one will be altogether too heavy4 ,i have heard no details of the meeting as yet4 ,but whether you have been at ,munich or not1 ,i trust that you have been having a salubrious and happy vacation so far1 and that ,mrs4 ,flournoy and the young people are all well4 ,i will venture to suppose that your illness of last year has left no bad effects whatever behind4 ,i myself have had a rather busy and instructive1 though possibly not very hygienic summer1 making money 7in moderate amounts7 by lecturing on psychology to teachers at different summer schools in this land4 ,there is a great fermentation in pdagogy at present in the ,u4,s41 and my wares come in for their share of patronage4 ,but although ,i learn a good deal and become a better ,american for having all the travel and social experience1 it has ended by being too tiresome2 and when ,i give the lectures at ,chicago1 which ,i begin tomorrow1 ,i shall have them stenographed and very likely published in a very small volume1 and so remove from myself the temptation ever to give them again4 ,last year was a year of hard work1 and before the end of the term came1 ,i was in a state of bad neurasthenic fatigue1 but ,i got through outwardly all right4 ,i have definitely given up the laboratory1 for which ,i am more and more unfit1 and shall probably devote what little ability ,i may hereafter have to purely speculative work4 ,my inability to read troubles me a good deal3 ,i am in arrears of several years with psychological literature1 which1 to tell the truth1 does grow now at a pace too rapid for anyone to follow4 ,i was engaged to review ,stout's new book 7which ,i fancy is very good7 for ,mind1 and after keeping it two months had to back out1 from sheer inability to read it1 and to ask permission to hand it over to my colleague ,royce4 ,have you seen the colossal ,renouvier's two vast volumes on the philosophy of history8--that will be another thing worth reading no doubt1 yet very difficult to read4 ,i give a course in ,kant for the first time in my life 767 next year1 and at present and for many months to come shall have to put most of my reading to the service of that overgrown subject4444 ,of course you have read ,tolstoy's ,war and ,peace and ,anna ,karenina4 ,i never had that exquisite felicity before this summer1 and now ,i feel as if ,i knew perfection in the representation of human life4 ,life indeed seems less real than his tale of it4 ,such infallible veracity6 ,the impression haunts me as nothing literary ever haunted me before4 ,i imagine you lounging on some steep mountainside1 with those demoiselles all grown too tall and beautiful and proud to think otherwise than with disdain of their elderly commensal who spoke such difficult ,french when he took walks with them at ,vers-chez-les-,blanc4 ,but ,i hope that they are happy as they were then4 ,cannot we all pass some summer near each other again1 and can't it next time be in ,tyrol rather than in ,switzerland1 for the purpose of increasing in all of us that knowledge of the world which is so desirable8 ,i think it would be a splendid plan4 ,at any rate1 wherever you are1 take my most affectionate regards for yourself and ,madame ,flournoy and all of yours1 and believe me ever sincerely your friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,,lake ,,geneva1 ,,wisconsin1 ,aug4 #cj1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,,miller1--,your letter from ,halle of ,june #bbnd came duly1 but treating of things eternal as it did1 ,i thought it called for no reply till ,i should have caught up with more temporal matters1 of which there has been no lack to press on my attention4 ,to tell the truth1 regarding you as my most penetrating critic and intimate enemy1 ,i was greatly relieved to find that you had nothing worse to say about ,the ,will to ,believe4 ,you say you are no rationalist1 and yet you speak of the sharp distinction between beliefs based on inner evidence and beliefs based on craving4 ,i can find nothing sharp 7or susceptible of schoolmaster's codification7 in the different degrees of liveliness in hypotheses concerning the universe1 or distinguish a priori between legitimate and illegitimate cravings4 ,and when an hypothesis is once a live one1 one risks something in one's practical relations towards truth and error1 whichever of the three positions 7affirmation1 doubt1 or negation7 one may take up towards it4 ,the individual himself is the only rightful chooser of his risk4 ,hence respectful toleration1 as the only law that logic can lay down4 ,you don't say a word against my logic1 which seems to me to cover your cases entirely in its compartments4 ,i class you as one to whom the religious hypothesis is von vornherein so dead1 that the risk of error in espousing it now far outweighs for you the chance of truth1 so you simply stake your money on the field as against it4 ,if you say this1 of course ,i can1 as logician1 have no quarrel with you1 even though my own choice of risk 7determined by the irrational impressions1 suspicions1 cravings1 senses of direction in nature1 or what not1 that make religion for me a more live hypothesis than for you7 leads me to an opposite methodical decision4 ,of course if any one comes along and says that men at large don't need to have facility of faith in their inner convictions preached to them1 that they have only too much readiness in that way already1 and the one thing needful to preach is that they should hesitate with their convictions1 and take their faiths out for an airing into the howling wilderness of nature1 ,i should also agree4 ,but my paper wasn't addressed to mankind at large but to a limited set of studious persons1 badly under the ban just now of certain authorities whose simple-minded faith in naturalism also is sorely in need of an airing--and an airing1 as it seems to me1 of the sort ,i tried to give4 ,but all this is unimportant2 and ,i still await criticism of my ,auseinandersetzung of the logical situation of man's mind gegenber the ,universe1 in respect to the risks it runs4 ,i wish ,i could have been with you at ,munich and heard the deep-lunged ,germans roar at each other4 ,i care not for the matters uttered1 if ,i only could hear the voice4 ,i hope you met ,henry ,sidgwick there4 ,i sent him the ,american ,hallucination-,census results1 after considerable toil over them1 but ,s4 never acknowledges or answers anything1 so ,i'll have to wait to hear from someone else whether he got them off4 ,i have had a somewhat unwholesome summer4 ,much lecturing to teachers and sitting up to talk with strangers4 ,but it is instructive and makes one patriotic1 and in six days ,i shall have finished the ,chicago lectures1 which begin tomorrow1 and get straight to ,keene ,valley for the rest of ,september4 ,my conditions just now are materially splendid1 as ,i am the guest of a charming elderly lady1 ,mrs4 ,wilmarth1 here at her country house1 and in town at the finest hotel of the place4 ,the political campaign is a bully one4 ,everyone outdoing himself in sweet reasonableness and persuasive argument--hardly an undignified note anywhere4 ,it shows the deepening and elevating influence of a big topic of debate4 ,it is difficult to doubt of a people part of whose life such an experience is4 ,but imagine the country being saved by a ,mc,kinley6 ,if only ,reed had been the candidate6 ,there have been some really splendid speeches and documents4444 ,ever thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,burlington1 ,,vt41 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahif4 ,,dear ,,henry1--,the summer is over6 alas6 alas6 ,i left ,keene ,valley this ,a4,m4 where ,i have had three life-and-health-giving weeks in the forest and the mountain air1 crossed ,lake ,champlain in the steamer1 not a cloud in the sky1 and sleep here tonight1 meaning to take the train for ,boston in the ,a4,m4 and read ,kant's ,life all day1 so as to be able to lecture on it when ,i first meet my class4 ,school begins on ,thursday--this being ,monday night4 ,it has been a rather cultivating summer for me1 and an active one1 of which the best impression 7after that of the ,adirondack woods1 or even before it7 was that of the greatness of ,chicago4 ,it needs a ,victor ,hugo to celebrate it4 ,but as you won't appreciate it without demonstration1 and ,i can't give the demonstration 7at least not now and on paper71 ,i will say no more on that score6 ,alice came up for a week1 but went down and through last night4 ,she brought me up your letter of ,i don't remember now what date 7after your return to ,london1 about ,wendell ,holmes1 ,baldwin and ,royalty1 etc47 which was very delightful and for which ,i thank4 ,but don't take your epistolary duties hard6 ,letter-writing becomes to me more and more of an affliction1 ,i get so many business letters now4 ,at ,chicago1 ,i tried a stenographer and type-writer with an alleviation that seemed almost miraculous4 ,i think that ,i shall have to go in for one some hours a week in ,cambridge4 ,it just goes whiff and six or eight long letters are done1 so far as you're concerned4 ,i hear great reports of your old things1 and await the book4 ,my great literary impression this summer has been ,tolstoy4 ,on the whole his atmosphere absorbs me into it as no one's else has ever done1 and even his religious and melancholy stuff1 his insanity1 is probably more significant than the sanity of men who haven't been through that phase at all4 ,but ,i am forgetting to tell you 7strange to say1 since it has hung over me like a cloud ever since it happened7 of dear old ,professor ,child's death4 ,we shall never see his curly head and thickset figure more4 ,he had aged greatly in the past three years1 since being thrown out of a carriage1 and went to the hospital in ,july to be treated surgically4 ,he never recovered and died in three weeks1 after much suffering1 his family not being called down from the country till the last days4 ,he had a moral delicacy and a richness of heart that ,i never saw and never expect to see equaled4#a ,the children bear it well1 but ,i fear it will be a bad blow for dear ,mrs4 ,child4 ,she and ,alice1 ,i am glad to say1 are great friends4444 ,good-night4 ,leb' wohl6 ,w4 ,j4 ,,xii #ahic-ahii 7,,continued7 ,the ,will to ,believe--,talks to ,teachers--,defense of ,mental ,healers--,excessive ,climbing in the ,adirondacks ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,dictated ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,your altogether precious and delightful letter reached me duly1 and you see ,i am making a not altogether too dilatory reply4 ,in the first place1 we congratulate you upon the new-comer1 and think if she only proves as satisfactory a damsel as her charming elder sisters1 you will never have any occasion to regret that she is not a boy4 ,i hope that ,madame ,flournoy is by this time thoroughly strong and well1 and that everything is perfect with the baby4 ,i should like to have been at ,munich with you2 ,i have heard a good many accounts of the jollity of the proceedings there1 but on the whole ,i did a more wholesome thing to stay in my own country1 of which the dangers and dark sides are singularly exaggerated in ,europe4 ,your lamentations on your cerebral state make me smile1 knowing1 as ,i do1 under all your subjective feelings1 how great your vigor is4 ,of course ,i sympathize with you about the laboratory1 and advise you1 since it seems to me you are in a position to make conditions rather than have them imposed on you1 simply to drop it and teach what you prefer4 ,whatever the latter may be1 it will be as good for the students as if they had something else from you in its place1 and ,i see no need in this world1 when there is someone provided somewhere to do everything1 for anyone of us to do what he does least willingly and well4 ,i have got rid of the laboratory forever1 and should resign my place immediately if they reimposed its duties upon me4 ,the results that come from all this laboratory work seem to me to grow more and more disappointing and trivial4 ,what is most needed is new ideas4 ,for every man who has one of them one may find a hundred who are willing to drudge patiently at some unimportant experiment4 ,the atmosphere of your mind is in an extraordinary degree sane and balanced on philosophical matters4 ,that is where your forte lies1 and where your ,university ought to see that its best interests lie in having you employed4 ,don't consider this advice impertinent4 ,your temperament is such that ,i think you need to be strengthened from without in asserting your right to carry out your true vocation4 ,everything goes well with us here4 ,the boys are developing finely2 both of them taller than ,i am1 and ,peggy healthy and well4 ,i have just been giving a course of public lectures of which ,i enclose you a ticket to amuse you4#aa ,the audience1 a thousand in number1 kept its numbers to the last4 ,i was careful not to tread upon the domains of psychical research1 although many of my hearers were eager that ,i should do so4 ,i am teaching ,kant for the first time in my life1 and it gives me much satisfaction4 ,i am also sending a collection of old essays through the press1 of which ,i will send you a copy as soon as they appear2 ,i am sure of your sympathy in advance for much of their contents4 ,but ,i am afraid that what you never will appreciate is their wonderful ,english style6 ,shakespeare is a little street-boy in comparison6 ,our political crisis is over1 but the hard times still endure4 ,lack of confidence is a disease from which convalescence is not quick4 ,i doubt1 notwithstanding certain appearances1 whether the country was ever morally in as sound a state as it now is1 after all this discussion4 ,and the very silver men1 who have been treated as a party of dishonesty1 are anything but that4 ,they very likely are victims of the economic delusion1 but their intentions are just as good as those of the other side4444 ,if you meet my friend ,ritter1 please give him my love4 ,i shall write to you again ere long eigenhndig4 ,meanwhile believe me1 with lots of love to you all1 especially to ces demoiselles1 and felicitations to their mother1 ,always yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,my wife wishes to convey to ,madame ,flournoy her most loving regards and hopes for the little one4 99 99 99 99 99 ,james had already been invited to deliver a course of ,gifford ,lectures on ,natural ,religion at the ,university of ,edinburgh4 ,he had not yet accepted for a definite date2 but he had begun to collect illustrative material for the proposed lectures4 ,a large number of references to such material were supplied to him by ,mr4 ,henry ,w4 ,rankin of ,east ,northfield4 ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin4 ,,newport1 ,r4,i41 ,feb4 #a1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,rankin1--,a pause in lecturing1 consequent upon our midyear examinations having begun1 has given me a little respite1 and ,i am paying a three-days' visit upon an old friend here1 meaning to leave for ,new ,york tomorrow where ,i have a couple of lectures to give4 ,it is an agreeable moment of quiet and enables me to write a letter or two which ,i have long postponed1 and chiefly one to you1 who have given me so much without asking anything in return4 ,one of my lectures in ,new ,york is at the ,academy of ,medicine before the ,neurological ,society1 the subject being ,demoniacal ,possession4 ,i shall of course duly advertise the ,nevius book4#ab ,i am not as positive as you are in the belief that the obsessing agency is really demonic individuals4 ,i am perfectly willing to adopt that theory if the facts lend themselves best to it2 for who can trace limits to the hierarchies of personal existence in the world8 ,but the lower stages of mere automatism shade off so continuously into the highest supernormal manifestations1 through the intermediary ones of imitative hysteria and suggestibility1 that ,i feel as if no general theory as yet would cover all the facts4 ,so that the most ,i shall plead for before the neurologists is the recognition of demon possession as a regular morbid-entity whose commonest homologue today is the spirit-control observed in test-mediumship1 and which tends to become the more benignant and less alarming1 the less pessimistically it is regarded4 ,this last remark seems certainly to be true4 ,of course ,i shall not ignore the sporadic cases of old-fashioned malignant possession which still occur today4 ,i am convinced that we stand with all these things at the threshold of a long inquiry1 of which the end appears as yet to no one1 least of all to myself4 ,and ,i believe that the best theoretic work yet done in the subject is the beginning made by ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers in his papers in the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 ,proceedings4 ,the first thing is to start the medical profession out of its idiotically conceited ignorance of all such matters--matters which have everywhere and at all times played a vital part in human history4 ,you have written me at different times about conversion1 and about miracles1 getting as usual no reply1 but not because ,i failed to heed your words1 which come from a deep life-experience of your own evidently1 and from a deep acquaintance with the experiences of others4 ,in the matter of conversion ,i am quite willing to believe that a new truth may be supernaturally revealed to a subject when he really asks4 ,but ,i am sure that in many cases of conversion it is less a new truth than a new power gained over life by a truth always known4 ,it is a case of the conflict of two self-systems in a personality up to that time heterogeneously divided1 but in which1 after the conversion-crisis1 the higher loves and powers come definitively to gain the upper-hand and expel the forces which up to that time had kept them down in the position of mere grumblers and protesters and agents of remorse and discontent4 ,this broader view will cover an enormous number of cases psychologically1 and leaves all the religious importance to the result which it has on any other theory4 ,as to true and false miracles1 ,i don't know that ,i can follow you so well1 for in any case the notion of a miracle as a mere attestation of superior power is one that ,i cannot espouse4 ,a miracle must in any case be an expression of personal purpose1 but the demon-purpose of antagonizing ,god and winning away his adherents has never yet taken hold of my imagination4 ,i prefer an open mind of inquiry1 first about the facts1 in all these matters2 and ,i believe that the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 methods1 if pertinaciously stuck to1 will eventually do much to clear things up4--,you see that1 although religion is the great interest of my life1 ,i am rather hopelessly non-evangelical1 and take the whole thing too impersonally4 ,but my ,college work is lightening in a way4 ,psychology is being handed over to others more and more1 and ,i see a chance ahead for reading and study in other directions from those to which my very feeble powers in that line have hitherto been confined4 ,i am going to give all the fragments of time ,i can get1 after this year is over1 to religious biography and philosophy4 ,shield's book1 ,steenstra's1 ,gratry's1 and ,harris's1 ,i don't yet know1 but can easily get at them4 ,i hope your health is better in this beautiful winter which we are having4 ,i am very well1 and so is all my family4 ,believe me1 with affectionate regards1 truly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,benjamin ,paul ,blood4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #bh1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,,blood1--,your letter is delectable4 ,from your not having yet acknowledged the book1#ac ,i began to wonder whether you had got it1 but this acknowledgment is almost too good4 ,your thought is obscure--lightning flashes darting gleams--but that's the way truth is4 ,and altho' ,i put pluralism in the place of philosophy1 ,i do it only so far as philosophy means the articulate and the scientific4 ,life and mysticism exceed the articulable1 and if there is a ,one 7and surely men will never be weaned from the idea of it71 it must remain only mystically expressed4 ,i have been roaring over and quoting some of the passages of your letter1 in which my wife takes as much delight as ,i do4 ,as for your strictures on my ,english1 ,i accept them humbly4 ,i have a tendency towards too great colloquiality1 ,i know1 and ,i trust your sense of ,english better than any man's in the country4 ,i have a fearful job on hand just now3 an address on the unveiling of a military statue4 ,three thousand people1 governor and troops1 etc4 ,why they fell upon me1 ,god knows2 but being challenged1 ,i could not funk4 ,the task is a mechanical one1 and the result somewhat of a school-boy composition4 ,if ,i thought it wouldn't bore you1 ,i should send you a copy for you to go carefully over and correct or rewrite as to the ,english4 ,i should probably adopt every one of your corrections4 ,what do you say to this8 ,yours ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,p4,s4 ,please don't betitle me6 99 99 99 99 99 ,the copy which was offered for correction with so much humility was the ,oration on the unveiling of ,st4 ,gaudens's monument to ,colonel ,robert ,gould ,shaw of the #edth ,massachusetts ,infantry 7the first colored regiment74 ,james was quite accustomed to lecturing from brief notes and to reading from a complete manuscript2 but on this occasion he thought it necessary to commit his address to memory4 ,he had never done this before and he never tried to do it again4 ,he memorized with great difficulty1 found himself placed in an entirely unfamiliar relation to his audience1 and felt as much nervous trepidation as any inexperienced speaker4#ad ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,june #e1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,h41--,alice wrote you 7,i think7 a brief word after the crisis of last ,monday4 ,it took it out of me nervously a good deal1 for it came at the end of the month of ,may1 when ,i am always fagged to death2 and for a week previous ,i had almost lost my voice with hoarseness4 ,at nine o'clock the night before ,i ran in to a laryngologist in ,boston1 who sprayed and cauterized and otherwise tuned up my throat1 giving me pellets to suck all the morning4 ,by a sort of miracle ,i spoke for three-quarters of an hour without becoming perceptibly hoarse4 ,but it is a curious kind of physical effort to fill a hall as large as ,boston ,music ,hall1 unless you are trained to the work4 ,you have to shout and bellow1 and you seem to yourself wholly unnatural4 ,the day was an extraordinary occasion for sentiment4 ,the streets were thronged with people1 and ,i was toted around for two hours in a barouche at the tail end of the procession4 ,there were seven such carriages in all1 and ,i had the great pleasure of being with ,st4 ,gaudens1 who is a most charming and modest man4 ,the weather was cool and the skies were weeping1 but not enough to cause any serious discomfort4 ,they simply formed a harmonious background to the pathetic sentiment that reigned over the day4 ,it was very peculiar1 and people have been speaking about it ever since--the last wave of the war breaking over ,boston1 everything softened and made poetic and unreal by distance1 poor little ,robert ,shaw erected into a great symbol of deeper things than he ever realized himself1--the tender grace of a day that is dead1--etc4 ,we shall never have anything like it again4 ,the monument is really superb1 certainly one of the finest things of this century4 ,read the darkey ,booker ,t4 ,washington's speech1 a model of elevation and brevity4 ,the thing that struck me most in the day was the faces of the old #edth soldiers1 of whom there were perhaps about thirty or forty present1 with such respectable old darkey faces1 the heavy animal look entirely absent1 and in its place the wrinkled1 patient1 good old darkey citizen4 ,as for myself1 ,i will never accept such a job again4 ,it is entirely outside of my legitimate line of business1 although my speech seems to have been a great success1 if ,i can judge by the encomiums which are pouring in upon me on every hand4 ,i brought in some mugwumpery at the end1 but it was very difficult to manage it4444 ,always affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 99 99 99 99 99 ,letters to ,ellen and ,rosina ,emmet1 which now enter the series1 will be the better understood for a word of reminder4 ,elly ,temple1 one of the ,newport cousins referred to in the very first letters1 had married1 and gone with her husband1 ,temple ,emmet1 to ,california4 ,but in #ahhg1 after his death1 she had returned to the ,east to place her daughters in a ,cambridge school4 ,in #ahie and #ahif ,ellen and ,rosina had made several visits to the house in ,irving ,street2 and thus the comradely cousinship of the sixties had been maintained and restablished with the younger generation4 ,at the date now reached1 ,ellen1 or ,bay as she was usually called1 was studying painting4 ,she and ,rosina had been in ,paris during the preceding winter4 ,now they and their mother were spending the summer on the south coast of ,england1 at ,iden1 quite close to ,rye1 where ,henry ,james was already becoming established4 ,to ,miss ,ellen ,emmet 7,mrs4 ,blanchard ,rand74 ,,bar ,,harbor1 ,,me41 ,aug4 #aa1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,,old ,,bay 7and ,,dear ,,rosina71--,for ,i have letters from both of you and my heart inclines to both so that ,i can't write to either without the other--,i hope you are enjoying the ,english coast4 ,a rumor reached me not long since that my brother ,henry had given up his trip to the ,continent in order to be near to you1 and ,i hope for the sakes of all concerned that it is true4 ,he will find in you both that eager and vivid artistic sense1 and that direct swoop at the vital facts of human character from which ,i am sure he has been weaned for fifteen years at least4 ,and ,i am sure it will rejuvenate him again4 ,it is more ,celtic than ,english1 and when joined with those faculties of soul1 conscience1 or whatever they be that make ,england rule the waves1 as they are joined in you1 ,bay1 they leave no room for any anxiety about the creature's destiny4 ,but ,rosina1 who is all senses and intelligence1 alarms me by her recital of midnight walks on the ,boulevard des ,italiens with bohemian artists4444 ,you can't live by gaslight and excitement1 nor can naked intelligence run a jeune fille's life4 ,affections1 pieties1 and prejudices must play their part1 and only let the intelligence get an occasional peep at things from the midst of their smothering embrace4 ,that again is what makes the ,british nation so great4 ,intelligence doesn't flaunt itself there quite naked as in ,france4 ,as for the ,mac,monnies ,bacchante1#ae ,i only saw her faintly looming through the moon-light one night when she was sub judice1 so can frame no opinion4 ,the place certainly calls for a lightsome capricious figure1 but the solemn ,boston mind declared that anything but a solemn figure would be desecration4 ,as to her immodesty1 opinions got very hot4 ,my knowledge of ,mac,monnies is confined to one statue1 that of ,sir ,henry ,vane1 also in our ,public ,library1 an impressionist sketch in bronze 7,i think71 sculpture treated like painting--and ,i must say ,i don't admire the result at all4 ,but you know2 and ,i wish ,i could see other things of his also4 ,how ,i wish ,i could talk with ,rosina1 or rather hear her talk1 about ,paris1 talk in her ,french which ,i doubt not is by this time admirable4 ,the only book she has vouchsafed news of having read1 to me1 is the d',annunzio one1 which ,i have ordered in most choice ,italian2 but of ,lematre1 ,france1 etc41 she writes never a word4 ,nor of ,v4 ,hugo4 ,she ought to read ,la ,lgende des ,sicles4 ,for the picturesque pure and simple1 go there6 laid on with a trowel so generous that you really get your glut4 ,but the things in ,french literature that ,i have gained most from--the next most to ,tolstoy1 in the last few years--are the whole cycle of ,geo4 ,sand's life3 her ,histoire1 her letters1 and now lately these revelations of the de ,musset episode4 ,the whole thing is beautiful and uplifting--an absolute liver harmoniously leading her own life and neither obedient nor defiant to what others expected or thought4 ,we are passing the summer very quietly at ,chocorua1 with our bare feet on the ground4 ,children growing up bullily1 a pride to the parental heart4444 ,alice and ,i have just spent a rich week at ,north ,conway1 at a beautiful place1 the ,merrimans'4 ,i am now here at a really grand place1 the ,dorrs'--tell ,rosina that ,i went to a domino party last night but was so afraid that some one of the weird and sinister sisters would speak to me that ,i came home at #ab o'clock1 when it had hardly begun4 ,i am so sensitive6 ,tell her that a lady from ,michigan was recently shown the sights of ,cambridge by one of my ,radcliffe girls4 ,she took her to the ,longfellow house1 and as the visitor went into the gate1 said1 ,i will just wait here4 ,to her surprise1 the visitor went up to the house1 looked in to one window after the other1 then rang the bell1 and the door closed upon her4 ,she soon emerged1 and said that the servant had shown her the house4 ,i'm so sensitive that at first ,i thought ,i would only peep in at the windows4 ,but then ,i said to myself1 ',what's the use of being so sensitive8' ,so ,i rang the bell4 ,pray be happy this summer4 ,i see nothing more of ,rosina's in the papers4 ,how is that sort of thing going on8444 ,as for your mother1 give her my old-fashioned love4 ,for some unexplained reason1 ,i find it very hard to write to her--probably it is the same reason that makes it hard for her to write to me--so we can sympathize over so strange a mystery4 ,anyhow1 give her my best love1 and with plenty for yourself1 old ,bay1 and for ,rosina1 believe me1 yours ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin4 ,,chocorua1 ,aug4 #ag1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,,godkin1--,thanks for your kind note in re ,will to ,believe4 ,i suppose you expect as little a reply to it as ,i expected one from you to the book2 but since you ask what ,i du mean by ,religion1 and add that until ,i define that word my essay cannot be effective1 ,i can't forbear sending you a word to clear up that point4 ,i mean by religion for a man anything that for him is a live hypothesis in that line1 altho' it may be a dead one for anyone else4 ,and what ,i try to show is that whether the man believes1 disbelieves1 or doubts his hypothesis1 the moment he does either1 on principle and methodically1 he runs a risk of one sort or the other from his own point of view4 ,there is no escaping the risk2 why not then admit that one's human function is to run it8 ,by settling down on that basis1 and respecting each other's choice of risk to run1 it seems to me that we should be in a clearer-headed condition than we now are in1 postulating as most all of us do a rational certitude which doesn't exist and disowning the semi-voluntary mental action by which we continue in our own severally characteristic attitudes of belief4 ,since our willing natures are active here1 why not face squarely the fact without humbug and get the benefits of the admission8 ,i passed a day lately with the ,james ,bryces at ,bar ,harbor1 and we spoke--not altogether unkindly--of you4 ,i hope you are enjoying1 both of you1 the summer4 ,all goes well with us4 ,yours always truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller ,corpus ,christi1 ,oxford4 ,cambridge1 ,oct4 #bc1 #ahig4 ,,dear ,,schiller1--,did you ever hear of the famous international prize fight between ,tom ,sayers and ,heenan the ,benicia ,boy1 or were you too small a baby in #aheg #ahfj8 ,the ,times devoted a couple of pages of report and one or more eulogistic editorials to the ,english champion1 and the latter1 brimming over with emotion1 wrote a letter to the ,times in which he touchingly said that he would live in future as one who had been once deemed worthy of commemoration in its leaders4 ,after reading your review of me in the ,october ,mind 7which only reached me two days ago7 ,i feel as the noble ,sayers felt1 and think ,i ought to write to ,stout to say ,i will try to live up to such a character4 ,my past has not deserved such words1 but my future shall4 ,seriously1 your review has given me the keenest possible pleasure4 ,this philosophy must be thickened up most decidedly--your review represents it as something to rally to1 so we must fly a banner and start a school4 ,some of your phrases are bully3 reckless rationalism1 pure science is pure bosh1 infallible a priori test of truth to screen us from the consequences of our choice1 etc41 etc4 ,thank you from the bottom of my heart6 ,the enclosed document a returned letter addressed to ,christ ,church explains itself4 ,the ,church and the ,body of ,christ are easily confused and ,i haven't a scholarly memory4 ,i wrote you a post-card recently to the same address1 patting you on the back for your article on ,immortality in the ,new ,world4 ,a staving good thing4 ,i am myself to give the ,ingersoll ,lecture on ,human ,immortality here in ,november--the second lecturer on the foundation4 ,i treat the matter very inferiorly to you1 but use your conception of the brain as a sifting agency1 which explains my question in the letter4 ,young ,r4 ,b4 ,merriman is at ,balliol and a really good fellow in all possible respects4 ,pray be good to him if he calls on you4 ,i hope things have a peacock hue for you now that term has begun4 ,they are all going well here4 ,yours always gratefully1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,james ,j4 ,putnam4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #b1 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,jim1--,on page #g of the ,transcript tonight you will find a manifestation of me at the ,state ,house1 protesting against the proposed medical license bill4 ,if you think ,i enjoy that sort of thing you are mistaken4 ,i never did anything that required as much moral effort in my life4 ,my vocation is to treat of things in an all-round manner and not make ex-parte pleas to influence 7or seek to7 a peculiar jury4 ,aussi1 why do the medical brethren force an unoffending citizen like me into such a position8 ,legislative license is sheer humbug--mere abstract paper thunder under which every ignorance and abuse can still go on4 ,why this mania for more laws8 ,why seek to stop the really extremely important experiences which these peculiar creatures are rolling up8 ,bah6 ,i'm sick of the whole business1 and ,i well know how all my colleagues at the ,medical ,school1 who go only by the label1 will view me and my efforts4 ,but if ,zola and ,col4 ,picquart can face the whole ,french army1 can't ,i face their disapproval8--,much more easily than that of my own conscience6 ,you1 ,i fancy1 are not one of the fully disciplined demanders of more legislation4 ,so ,i write to you1 as on the whole my dearest friend hereabouts1 to explain just what my state of mind is4 ,ever yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,james was not indulging in empty rhetoric when he said that his conscience drove him to face the disapproval of his medical colleagues4 ,some of them never forgave him1 and to this day references to his appearance at the ,state ,house in ,boston are marked by partisanship rather than understanding4 ,what happened cannot be understood without recalling that thirty-odd years ago the licensing of medical practitioners was just being inaugurated in the ,united ,states4 ,today it is evident that everyone must be qualified and licensed before he can be permitted to write prescriptions1 to sign statements upon which public records1 inquests1 and health statistics are to be based1 and to go about the community calling himself a doctor4 ,on the other hand1 experience has proved that those people who do not pretend to be physicians1 who do not use drugs or the knife1 and who attempt to heal only by mental or spiritual influence1 cannot be regulated by the clumsy machinery of the criminal law4 ,but either because the whole question of medical registration was new1 or because professional men are seldom masters of the science of lawmaking1 the sponsors of the bills proposed to the ,massachusetts ,legislature in #ahid and #ahih ignored these distinctions4 ,james did not name them1 although his argument implied them and rested upon them4 ,the bills included clauses which attempted to abolish the faith-curers by requiring them to become ,doctors of ,medicine4 ,the ,spiritualists and ,christian ,scientists were a numerous element in the population and claimed a religious sanction for their beliefs4 ,the gentlemen who mixed an anti-spiritualist program in their effort to have doctors examined and licensed by a ,state ,board were either innocent of political discretion or blind to the facts4 ,for it was idle to argue that faith-curers would be able to continue in their own ways as soon as they had passed the medical examinations of the ,state ,board1 and that accordingly the proposed law could not be said to involve their suppression4 ,obviously1 medical examinations were barriers which the faith-curers could not climb over4 ,this was the feature of the proposed law which roused ,james to opposition1 and led him to take sides for the moment with all the spokesmen of all the-isms and-opathies4 ,i will confine myself to a class of diseases 7he wrote to the ,boston ,transcript in #ahid7 with which my occupation has made me somewhat conversant4 ,i mean the diseases of the nervous system and the mind4444 ,of all the new agencies that our day has seen1 there is but one that tends steadily to assume a more and more commanding importance1 and that is the agency of the patient's mind itself4 ,whoever can produce effects there holds the key of the situation in a number of morbid conditions of which we do not yet know the extent2 for systematic experiments in this direction are in their merest infancy4 ,they began in ,europe fifteen years ago1 when the medical world so tardily admitted the facts of hypnotism to be true2 and in this country they have been carried on in a much bolder and more radical fashion by all those 'mind-curers' and ',christian ,scientists' with whose results the public1 and even the profession1 are growing gradually familiar4 ,i assuredly hold no brief for any of these healers1 and must confess that my intellect has been unable to assimilate their theories1 so far as ,i have heard them given4 ,but their facts are patent and startling2 and anything that interferes with the multiplication of such facts1 and with our freest opportunity of observing and studying them1 will1 ,i believe1 be a public calamity4 ,the law now proposed will so interfere1 simply because the mind-curers will not take the examinations4444 ,nothing would please some of them better than such a taste of imprisonment as might1 by the public outcry it would occasion1 bring the law rattling down about the ears of the mandarins who should have enacted it4 ,and whatever one may think of the narrowness of the mind-curers1 their logical position is impregnable4 ,they are proving by the most brilliant new results that the therapeutic relation may be what we can at present describe only as a relation of one person to another person2 and they are consistent in resisting to the uttermost any legislation that would make 'examinable' information the root of medical virtue1 and hamper the free play of personal force and affinity by mechanically imposed conditions4 ,james knew as well as anyone that in the ranks of the healers there were many who could fairly be described as preying on superstition and ignorance4 ,x---- personally is a rapacious humbug was his privately expressed opinion of one of them who had a very large following4 ,he had no reverence for the preposterous theories with which their minds were befogged2 but every good thing like science in medicine1 as he once said1 has to be imitated and grimaced by a rabble of people who would be at the required height2 and the folly1 humbug and mendacity is pitiful4 ,furthermore he saw a quackery quite as odious and much more dangerous than that of the healers in the patent-medicine business1 which was allowed to advertise its lies and secret nostrums in the newspapers and on the bill-boards1 and which flourished behind the counter of every apothecary and village store-keeper at that time4 7,the ,federal ,pure ,food and ,drug ,act was still many years off47 ,the spokesmen of the medical profession were ignoring what he believed to be instructive phenomena4 ,what the real interests of medicine require is that mental therapeutics should not be stamped out1 but studied1 and its laws ascertained4 ,for that the mind-curers must at least be suffered to make their experiments4 ,if they cannot interpret their results aright1 why then let the orthodox ,m4,d4's follow up their facts1 and study and interpret them8 ,but to force the mind-curers to a ,state examination is to kill the experiments outright4 ,but instead of the open-minded attitude which he thus advocated1 he saw doctors who had no more exact science in them than a fox terrier#af invoking the holy name of ,science and blundering ahead with an air of moral superiority4 ,one would suppose1 he exclaimed again in the #ahih hearing1 that any set of sane persons interested in the growth of medical truth would rejoice if other persons were found willing to push out their experiences in the mental-healing direction1 and provide a mass of material out of which the conditions and limits of such therapeutic methods may at last become clear4 ,one would suppose that our orthodox medical brethren might so rejoice2 but instead of rejoicing they adopt the fiercely partisan attitude of a powerful trades-union1 demanding legislation against the competition of the 'scabs4' 444 ,the mind-curers and their public return the scorn of the regular profession with an equal scorn1 and will never come up for the examination4 ,their movement is a religious or quasi-religious movement2 personality is one condition of success there1 and impressions and intuitions seem to accomplish more than chemical1 anatomical or physiological information4444 ,pray do not fail1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 to catch my point4 ,you are not to ask yourselves whether these mind-curers do really achieve the successes that are claimed4 ,it is enough for you as legislators to ascertain that a large number of our citizens1 persons as intelligent and well-educated as yourself1 or ,i1 persons whose number seems daily to increase1 are convinced that they do achieve them1 are persuaded that a valuable new department of medical experience is by them opening up4 ,here is a purely medical question1 regarding which our ,general ,court1 not being a well-spring and source of medical virtue1 not having any private test of therapeutic truth1 must remain strictly neutral under penalty of making the confusion worse4444 ,above all things1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 let us not be infected with the ,gallic spirit of regulation and reglementation for their own abstract sakes4 ,let us not grow hysterical about law-making4 ,let us not fall in love with enactments and penalties because they are so logical and sound so pretty1 and look so nice on paper4#ag ,to ,james ,j4 ,putnam4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #c8 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,jim1--,thanks for your noble-hearted letter1 which makes me feel warm again4 ,i am glad to learn that you feel positively agin the proposed law1 and hope that you will express yourself freely towards the professional brethren to that effect4 ,dr4 ,russell ,sturgis has written me a similar letter4 ,once more1 thanks6 ,w4 ,j4 ,p4,s4 ,march #c4 ,the ,transcript report1 ,i am sorry to say1 was a good deal cut4 ,i send you another copy1 to keep and use where it will do most good4 ,the rhetorical problem with me was to say things to the ,committee that might neutralize the influence of their medical advisers1 who1 ,i supposed1 had the inside track1 and all the prestige4 ,i being banded with the spiritists1 faith-curers1 magnetic healers1 etc41 etc4 ,strange affinities6#ah ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,franois ,pillon4 ,cambridge1 ,june #ae1 #ahih4 ,,my ,,dear ,,pillon1--,i have just received your pleasant letter and the ,anne1 volume #h1 and shall immediately proceed to read the latter1 having finished reading my examinations yesterday1 and being now free to enjoy the vacation1 but excessively tired4 ,i grieve to learn of poor ,mrs4 ,pillon's continued ill health4 ,how much patience both of you require4 ,i think of you also as spending most of the summer in ,paris1 when the country contains so many more elements that are good for body and soul4 ,how much has happened since ,i last heard from you6 ,to say nothing of the ,zola trial1 we now have the ,cuban ,war6 ,a curious episode of history1 showing how a nation's ideals can be changed in the twinkling of an eye1 by a succession of outward events partly accidental4 ,it is quite possible that1 without the explosion of the ,maine1 we should still be at peace1 though1 since the basis of the whole ,american attitude is the persuasion on the part of the people that the cruelty and misrule of ,spain in ,cuba call for her expulsion 7so that in that sense our war is just what a war of the powers against ,turkey for the ,armenian atrocities would have been71 it is hardly possible that peace could have been maintained indefinitely longer1 unless ,spain had gone out--a consummation hardly to be expected by peaceful means4 ,the actual declaration of war by ,congress1 however1 was a case of psychologie des foules1 a genuine hysteric stampede at the last moment1 which shows how unfortunate that provision of our written constitution is which takes the power of declaring war from the ,executive and places it in ,congress4 ,our ,executive has behaved very well4 ,the ,european nations of the ,continent cannot believe that our pretense of humanity1 and our disclaiming of all ideas of conquest1 is sincere4 ,it has been absolutely sincere6 ,the self-conscious feeling of our people has been entirely based in a sense of philanthropic duty1 without which not a step would have been taken4 ,and when1 in its ultimatum to ,spain1 ,congress denied any project of conquest in ,cuba1 it genuinely meant every word it said4 ,but here comes in the psychologic factor3 once the excitement of action gets loose1 the taxes levied1 the victories achieved1 etc41 the old human instincts will get into play with all their old strength1 and the ambition and sense of mastery which our nation has will set up new demands4 ,we shall never take ,cuba2 ,i imagine that to be very certain--unless indeed after years of unsuccessful police duty there1 for that is what we have made ourselves responsible for4 ,but ,porto ,rico1 and even the ,philippines1 are not so sure4 ,we had supposed ourselves 7with all our crudity and barbarity in certain ways7 a better nation morally than the rest1 safe at home1 and without the old savage ambition1 destined to exert great international influence by throwing in our moral weight1 etc4 ,dreams6 ,human ,nature is everywhere the same2 and at the least temptation all the old military passions rise1 and sweep everything before them4 ,it will be interesting to see how it will end4 ,but enough of this6--,it all shows by what short steps progress is made1 and it confirms the criticist views of the philosophy of history4 ,i am going to a great popular meeting in ,boston today where a lot of my friends are to protest against the new ,imperialism4 ,in ,august ,i go for two months to ,california to do some lecturing4 ,as ,i have never crossed the continent or seen the ,pacific ,ocean or those beautiful parages1 ,i am very glad of the opportunity4 ,the year after next 7i4e4 one year from now7 begins a new year of absence from my college duties4 ,i may spend it in ,europe again4 ,in any case ,i shall hope to see you1 for ,i am appointed to give the ,gifford ,lectures at ,edinburgh during #ahii-aija--two courses of #aj each on the philosophy of religion4 ,a great honor4--,i have also received the honor of an election as ,correspondent of the ,acadmie des ,sciences ,morales et ,politiques4 ,have ,i your influence to thank for this8 ,believe me1 with most sympathetic regards to ,mrs4 ,pillon and affectionate greetings to yourself1 yours most truly ,wm4 ,james4 ,before starting for ,california1 ,james went to the ,adirondack ,lodge to snatch a brief holiday4 ,one episode in this holiday can best be described by an extract from a letter to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,,st4 ,,hubert',s ,,inn1 ,,keene ,,valley1 ,july #i1 #ahih4 444,i have had an eventful #bd hours1 and my hands are so stiff after it that my fingers can hardly hold the pen4 ,i left1 as ,i informed you by post-card1 the ,lodge at seven1 and five hours of walking brought us to the top of ,marcy--,i carrying #ah lbs4 of weight in my pack4 ,as usual1 ,i met two ,cambridge acquaintances on the mountain top--,appalachians from ,beede's4 ,at four1 hearing an axe below1 ,i went down 7an hour's walk7 to ,panther ,lodge ,camp1 and there found ,charles and ,pauline ,goldmark1 ,waldo ,adler and another schoolboy1 and two ,bryn ,mawr girls--the girls all dressed in boys' breeches1 and cutaneously desecrated in the extreme from seven of them having been camping without a male on ,loon ,lake to the north of this4 ,my guide had to serve for the party1 and quite unexpectedly to me the night turned out one of the most memorable of all my memorable experiences4 ,i was in a wakeful mood before starting1 having been awake since three1 and ,i may have slept a little during this night2 but ,i was not aware of sleeping at all4 ,my companions1 except ,waldo ,adler1 were all motionless4 ,the guide had got a magnificent provision of firewood1 the sky swept itself clear of every trace of cloud or vapor1 the wind entirely ceased1 so that the fire-smoke rose straight up to heaven4 ,the temperature was perfect either inside or outside the cabin1 the moon rose and hung above the scene before midnight1 leaving only a few of the larger stars visible1 and ,i got into a state of spiritual alertness of the most vital description4 ,the influences of ,nature1 the wholesomeness of the people round me1 especially the good ,pauline1 the thought of you and the children1 dear ,harry on the wave1 the problem of the ,edinburgh lectures1 all fermented within me till it became a regular ,walpurgis ,nacht4 ,i spent a good deal of it in the woods1 where the streaming moonlight lit up things in a magical checkered play1 and it seemed as if the ,gods of all the nature-mythologies were holding an indescribable meeting in my breast with the moral ,gods of the inner life4 ,the two kinds of ,gods have nothing in common--the ,edinburgh lectures made quite a hitch ahead4 ,the intense significance of some sort1 of the whole scene1 if one could only tell the significance2 the intense inhuman remoteness of its inner life1 and yet the intense appeal of it2 its everlasting freshness and its immemorial antiquity and decay2 its utter ,americanism1 and every sort of patriotic suggestiveness1 and you1 and my relation to you part and parcel of it all1 and beaten up with it1 so that memory and sensation all whirled inexplicably together2 it was indeed worth coming for1 and worth repeating year by year1 if repetition could only procure what in its nature ,i suppose must be all unplanned for and unexpected4 ,it was one of the happiest lonesome nights of my existence1 and ,i understand now what a poet is4 ,he is a person who can feel the immense complexity of influences that ,i felt1 and make some partial tracks in them for verbal statement4 ,in point of fact1 ,i can't find a single word for all that significance1 and don't know what it was significant of1 so there it remains1 a mere boulder of impression4 ,doubtless in more ways than one1 though1 things in the ,edinburgh lectures will be traceable to it4 ,in the morning at six1 ,i shouldered my undiminished pack and went up ,marcy1 ahead of the party1 who arrived half an hour later1 and we got in here at eight ,p4,m4 after #aj-a_/b hours of the solidest walking ,i ever made1 and ,i1 ,i think1 more fatigued than ,i have been after any walk4 ,we plunged down ,marcy1 and up ,bason ,mountain1 led by ,c4 ,goldmark1 who had1 with ,mr4 ,white1 blazed a trail the year before2#ai then down again1 away down1 and up the ,gothics1 not counting a third down-and-up over an intermediate spur4 ,it was the steepest sort of work1 and1 as one looked from the summits1 seemed sheer impossible1 but the girls kept up splendidly1 and were all fresher than ,i4 ,it was true that they had slept like logs all night1 whereas ,i was on my nerves4 ,i lost my ,norfolk jacket at the last third of the course--high time to say good-bye to that possession--and staggered up to the ,putnams to find ,hatty ,shaw#bj taking me for a tramp4 ,not a soul was there1 but everything spotless and ready for the arrival today4 ,i got a bath at ,bowditch's bath-house1 slept in my old room1 and slept soundly and well1 and save for the unwashable staining of my hands and a certain stiffness in my thighs1 am entirely rested and well4 ,but ,i don't believe in keeping it up too long1 and at the ,willey ,house will lead a comparatively sedentary life1 and cultivate sleep1 if ,i can4444 ,w4 ,j4 ,the intense experience which ,james thus described had consequences that were not foreseen at the time4 ,he had gone to the ,adirondacks at the close of the college term in a much fatigued condition4 ,he had been sleeping badly for some weeks1 and when he started up ,mount ,marcy he had neuralgia in one foot2 but he had characteristically determined to ignore and bully this ailment4 ,under such conditions the prolonged physical exertion of the two days' climb1 aggravated by the fact that he carried a pack all the second day1 was too much for a man of his years and sedentary occupations4 ,as the summer wore on1 pain or discomfort in the region of his heart became constant4 ,he tried to persuade himself that it signified nothing and would pass away1 and concealed it from his wife until mid-winter4 ,to ,howison--who was himself a confessed heart case--he wrote1 ,my heart has been kicking about terribly of late1 stopping1 and hurrying and aching and so forth1 but ,i do not propose to give up to it too much4 ,the fact was that the strain of the two days' climb had caused a valvular lesion that was irreparable1 although not great enough seriously to curtail his activities if he had given heed to his general condition and avoided straining himself again4 ,in ,august ,james went to ,california to give the lectures which have already been mentioned in a letter to ,pillon4 ,again1 these lectures were in substance the ,talks to ,teachers4 ,the next letter1 written just before he left ,cambridge1 answers a request to him to address the ,philosophical ,club at the ,university of ,california4 ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,howison4 ,cambridge1 ,july #bd1 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,howison1--,your kind letter greeted me on my arrival here three days ago--but ,i have waited to answer it in order to determine just what my lecture's title should be4 ,i wanted to make something entirely popular1 and as it were emotional1 for technicality seems to me to spell failure in philosophy4 ,but the subject in the margin of my consciousness failed to make connexion with the centre1 and ,i have fallen back on something less vital1 but still1 ,i think1 sufficiently popular and practical1 which you can advertise under the rather ill-chosen title of ,philosophical ,conceptions and ,practical ,results1 if you wish4 ,i am just back from a month of practical idleness in the ,adirondacks1 but such is the infirmity of my complexion that ,i am not yet in proper working trim4 ,you ask me1 like an angel1 in what form ,i like to take my sociability4 ,the spirit is willing to take it in any form1 but the flesh is weak1 and it runs to destruction of nerve-tissue and madness in me to go to big stand-up receptions where the people scream and breathe in each other's faces4 ,but ,i know my duties2 and one such reception ,i will gladly face4 ,for the rest1 ,i should infinitely prefer a chosen few at dinner4 ,but this enterprise is going1 my friend1 to give you and ,mrs4 ,howison a heap of trouble4 ,my purpose is to arrive on the eve of the #bfth4 ,i will telegraph you the hour and train4 ,when the lectures to the teachers are over1 ,i will make for the ,yosemite ,valley1 where ,i want to spend a fortnight if ,i can1 and come home4444 ,yours ever truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,occidental ,,hotel1 ,,san ,,francisco1 ,aug4 #aa1 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,old ,,henry1--,you see ,i have worked my way across the ,continent1 and1 full of the impressions of this queer place1 ,i must overflow for a page or two to you4 ,i saw some really grand and ferocious scenery on the ,canadian ,pacific1 and wish ,i could go right back to see it again4 ,but it doesn't mean much1 on the whole1 for human habitation1 and the ,british ,empire's investment in ,canada is in so far forth but scenic4 ,it is grand1 though1 in its vastness and simplicity4 ,in ,washington and ,oregon the whole foreground consisted of desolation by fire4 ,the magnificent coniferous forests burnt and burning1 as they have been for years and years back4 ,northern ,california one pulverous earth-colored mass of hills and heat1 with green spots produced by irrigation hardly showing on the background4 ,i drove through a wheatfield at ,harry's ,uncle ,christopher's on a machine1 drawn by #bf mules1 which cut a swathe #ah feet wide through the wheat and threw it out in bags to be taken home1 as fast as the leisurely mules could walk4 ,it is like ,egypt4 ,down here1 splendid air1 and a city so indescribably odd and unique in its suggestions that ,i have been saying to myself all day that you ought to have taken it in when you were under #cj and added it to your portraits of places4 ,so remote and terminal1 so full of the sea-port nakedness1 yet so new and ,american1 with its queer suggestions of a history based on the fifties and the sixties4 ,but at my age those impressions are curiously weak to what they once were1 and the time to travel is between one's #bjth and #cjth year4 ,this hotel--an old house cleaned into newness--is redolent of '#ei or '#fj1 when it must have been built4 ,hideous vast stuccoed thing1 with long undulating balustrades and wells and lace curtains4 ,the fare is very good1 but the servants all ,irish1 who seem cowed in the dining-room1 and go about as if they had corns on their feet and for that reason had given up the pick and shovel4444 ,tomorrow1 in spite of drouth and dust1 ,i leave for the ,yosemite ,valley1 with a young ,californian philosopher1 named ,charles ,m4 ,bakewell1 as companion4 ,on the whole ,i prefer the works of ,god to those of man1 and the alternative1 a trip down the coast1 beauties as it would doubtless show1 would include too much humanity4444 ,to his ,son ,alexander4 ,,berkeley1 ,,cal41 ,aug4 #bh1 #ahih4 ,,darling ,,old ,,cherubini1--,see how brave this girl and boy are in the ,yosemite ,valley6#ba ,i saw a moving sight the other morning before breakfast in a little hotel where ,i slept in the dusty fields4 ,the young man of the house had shot a little wolf called a coyote in the early morning4 ,the heroic little animal lay on the ground1 with his big furry ears1 and his clean white teeth1 and his jolly cheerful little body1 but his brave little life was gone4 ,it made me think how brave all these living things are4 ,here little coyote was1 without any clothes or house or books or anything1 with nothing but his own naked self to pay his way with1 and risking his life so cheerfully--and losing it--just to see if he could pick up a meal near the hotel4 ,he was doing his coyote-business like a hero1 and you must do your boy-business1 and ,i my man-business bravely too1 or else we won't be worth as much as that little coyote4 ,your mother can find a picture of him in those green books of animals1 and ,i want you to copy it4 ,your loving ,,dad4 ,to ,miss ,rosina ,h4 ,emmet4 ,,monterey1 ,sept4 #i1 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,old ,,rosina1--,i have seen your native state and even been driven by dear1 good1 sweet ,hal ,dibblee 7who is turning into a perfectly ideal fellow7 through the charming and utterly lovable place in which you all passed your childhood4 7,how your mother must sometimes long for it again67 ,of ,california and its greatness1 the half can never be told4 ,i have been on a ranch in the white1 bare dryness of ,siskiyou ,county1 and reaped wheat with a swathe of #ah feet wide on a machine drawn by a procession of #bf mules4 ,i've been to ,yosemite1 and camped for five days in the high ,sierras2 ,i've lectured at the two universities of the state1 and seen the youths and maidens lounge together at ,stanford in cloisters whose architecture is purer and more lovely than aught that ,italy can show4 ,i've heard ,mrs4 ,dibblee read letter after letter from ,anita concerning your life together2 and even one letter to ,anita from ,bay1 which the former enclosed4 7,dear ,bay67 ,all this1 dear old ,rosina1 is a summation of stimuli which at last carries me over the dam that has so long obstructed all my epistolary efforts in your direction4 ,over and over again ,i have been on the point of writing to you1 more than once ,i have actually written a page or two1 but something has always checked the flow1 and arrested the current of the soul4 ,what is it8 ,i think it is this3 ,i naturally tend1 when familiar with what the authors of the beginning of the century used to call a refined female1 to indulge in chaffing personalities in writing to her4 ,there is something in you that doubtfully enjoys the chaffing2 and subtly feeling that1 ,i stop4 ,but some day1 when experience shall have winnowed you with her wing2 when the illusions and the hopes of youth alike are faded2 when eternal principles of order are more to you than sensations that pass in a day1 however exciting2 when friends that know you and your roots and derivations are more satisfactory1 however humdrum and hoary they be1 than the handsome recent acquaintances that know nothing of you but the hour2 when1 in short1 your being is mellowed1 dulled and harmonized by time so as to be a grave1 wise1 deep1 and discerning moral and intellectual unity 7as mine is already from the height of my #dj centuries671 then1 ,rosina1 we two shall be the most perfect of combinations1 and ,i shall write to you every week of my life and you will be utterly unable to resist replying4 ,that will not be1 however1 before you are forty years old4 ,you are sure to come to it6 ,for you see the truth1 irrespective of persons1 as few people see it2 and after all1 you care for that more than for anything else--and that means a rare and unusual destiny1 and ultimate salvation4--,but here ,i am1 chaffing1 quite against my intentions and altogether in spite of myself4 ,the ruling passion is irresistible4 ,let me stop6 ,but still ,i must be personal1 and not write merely of the climate and productions of ,california1 as ,i have been doing to others for the past four weeks4 ,how ,i do wish ,i could be dropped amongst you for but #bd hours6 ,what talk ,i should hear6 ,what perceptions of truth from you and ,bay 7and probably young ,leslie7 would pour into my receptive soul4 ,how ,i should like to hear you hold forth about the ,french1 their art1 their literature1 their nature1 and all else about them6 ,how ,i should like to hear you talk ,french6 ,how ,i should like to note the changes wrought in you by all this experience1 and take all sorts of excursions in your company6 ,don't come home for one more year if you can help it4 ,stay and let the impressions set and tie themselves in with a hard knot1 so that they will be worth something and definitive4 ,i am so glad to hear that ,bay is doing so well1 and doubly glad 7as ,mrs4 ,dibblee tells me from ,anita7 that ,h4 ,j4 is going to sit to her for his portrait4 ,i am a bit sorry that the youthful ,harry didn't accept your invitation1 but his time was after all so short that it has been perhaps good for him to get the massive ,english impression4 ,what times we live in6 ,dreyfus1 ,cuba1 and ,khartoum6--,i keep well1 though fragile as a worker4 ,you will have heard of my ,edinburgh appointment and my election to the ,institut de ,france as ,correspondant4 ,the latter is silly1 but the former a serious scrape out of which ,i am praying all the gods to help me1 as the time for preparation is so short4 ,all ,cambridge friends are well4 ,you heard of dear ,child's death1 last summer1 ,i suppose4 ,good-bye6 ,write to me1 dear old ,rosina4 ,kiss ,bay and ,leslie--even effleurez your own cheek1 for me4 ,give my best love to your mother1 and believe me always your affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #c1 #ahih4 ,,illustrious ,,friend ,,and ,,joy ,,of ,,my ,,liver1--,i am much pleased to hear from you1 for ,i have wished to know of your destinies1 and ,bakewell couldn't give me a very precise account4 ,i congratulate you on getting your review of me off your hands--you must experience a relief similar to that of ,christian when he lost his bag of sin4 ,i imagine your account of its unsatisfactoriness is a little hypersthetic1 and that what you have brooded over so long will1 in spite of anything in the accidents of its production1 prove solid and deep1 and reveal ex pede the ,hercules4 ,of course1 if you do not unconditionally subscribe to my ,will to ,believe essay1 it shows that you still are groping in the darkness of misunderstanding either of my meaning or of the truth2 for in spite of the bludgeonings of fate1 my head is bloody but unbowed as to the rightness of my contention there1 in both its parts4 ,but we shall see2 and ,i hope you are now free for more distant flights4 ,i am extremely sorry to hear you have been not well again1 even though you say you are so much better now4 ,you ought to be entirely well and every inch a king4 ,remember that1 whenever you need a change1 your bed is made in this house for as many weeks as you care to stay4 ,i know there will come feelings of disconsolateness over you occasionally1 from being so out of the academic swim4 ,but that is nothing6 ,and while this time is on1 you should think exclusively of its unique characteristics of blessedness1 which will be irrecoverable when you are in the harness again4 ,i spent the first six weeks after term began in trying to clear my table of encumbering tasks1 in order to get at my own reading for the ,gifford lectures4 ,in vain4 ,each day brought its cargo1 and ,i never got at my own work1 until a fortnight ago the brilliant resolve was communicated to me1 by divine inspiration1 of not doing anything for anybody else1 not writing a letter or looking at a ,,ms41 on any day until ,i should have done at least one hour of work for myself4 ,if you spend your time preparing to be ready1 you never will be ready4 ,since that wonderful insight into the truth1 despair has given way to happiness4 ,i do my hour or hour and a half of free reading2 and don't care what extraneous interest suffers4444 ,good-night1 dear old ,miller4 ,your ever loving1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #ca1 #ahii4 444,your account of ,josiah ,royce is adorable--we have both gloated over it all day4 ,the best intellectual character-painting ever limned by an ,english pen6 ,since teaching the ,conception of ,god1 ,i have come to perceive what ,i didn't trust myself to believe before1 that looseness of thought is ,r4's essential element4 ,he wants it4 ,there isn't a tight joint in his system2 not one4 ,and yet ,i thought that a mind that could talk me blind and black and numb on mathematics and logic1 and whose favorite recreation is works on those subjects1 must necessarily conceal closeness and exactitudes of ratiocination that ,i hadn't the wit to find out4 ,but no6 he is the ,rubens of philosophy4 ,richness1 abundance1 boldness1 color1 but a sharp contour never1 and never any perfection4 ,but isn't fertility better than perfection8 ,deary me6 ,ever thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,rutgers ,marshall4 ,cambridge ,feb4 #g1 #ahii84 ,,dear ,,marshall1--,i will hand your paper to ,eliot1 though ,i am sure that nothing will come of it in this ,university4 ,moreover1 it strikes me that no good will ever come to ,art as such from the analytic study of sthetics--harm rather1 if the abstractions could in any way be made the basis of practice4 ,we should get stark things done on system with all the intangible personal je ne sais quaw left out4 ,the difference between the first-and second-best things in art absolutely seems to escape verbal definition--it is a matter of a hair1 a shade1 an inward quiver of some kind--yet what miles away in point of preciousness6 ,absolutely the same verbal formula applies to the supreme success and to the thing that just misses it1 and yet verbal formulas are all that your aesthetics will give4 ,surely imitation in the concrete is better for results than any amount of gabble in the abstract4 ,let the rest of us philosophers gabble1 but don't mix us up with the interests of the art department as such6 ,them's my sentiments4 ,thanks for the cudgels you are taking up for the ,will to ,believe4 ,miller's article seems to be based solely on my little catchpenny title4 ,where would he have been if ,i had called my article a critique of pure faith or words to that effect8 ,as it is1 he doesn't touch a single one of my points1 and slays a mere abstraction4 ,i shall greedily read what you write4 ,i have been too lazy and hard pressed to write to you about your ,instinct and ,reason1 which contains many good things in the way of psychology and morals1 but which--,i tremble to say it before you--on the whole does disappoint me4 ,the religious part especially seems to me to rest on too narrow a phenomenal base1 and the formula to be too simple and abstract4 ,but it is a good contribution to ,american scholarship all the same1 and ,i hope the ,philippine ,islanders will be forced to study it4 ,forgive my brevity and levity4 ,yours ever1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,rutgers ,marshall4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #h #ahii4 ,,dear ,,marshall1--,your invitation was perhaps the finest tribute the ,jameses have ever received1 but it is plumb impossible that either of us should accept4 ,pinned down1 by ten thousand jobs and duties1 like two ,gullivers by the threads of the ,lilliputians4 ,i should admire to see the ,kiplings again1 but it is no go4 ,now that by his song-making power he is the mightiest force in the formation of the ,anglo-,saxon character1 ,i wish he would hearken a bit more to his deeper human self and a bit less to his shallower jingo self4 ,if the ,anglo-,saxon race would drop its sniveling cant it would have a good deal less of a burden to carry4 ,we're the most loathsomely canting crew that ,god ever made4 ,kipling knows perfectly well that our camps in the tropics are not college settlements or our armies bands of philanthropists1 slumming it2 and ,i think it a shame that he should represent us to ourselves in that light4 ,i wish he would try a bit interpreting the savage soul to us1 as he could1 instead of using such official and conventional phrases as half-devil and half-child1 which leaves the whole insides out4 ,heigh ho6 ,i have only had time to glance at the first #a_/b of your paper on ,miller4 ,i am delighted you are thus going for him4 ,his whole paper is an ignoratio elenchi1 and he doesn't touch a single one of my positions4 ,believe me with great regrets and thanks1 yours ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #g1 #ahii4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,whitman1--,i got your penciled letter the day before leaving4 ,the ,r4,r4 train seems to be a great stimulus to the acts of the higher epistolary activity and correspondential amicality in you--a fact for which ,i have 7occasional7 reason to be duly grateful4 ,so here1 in the cool darkness of my road-side sitting-room1 with no pen in the house1 with the soft tap of the carpenter's hammer and the pensive scrape of the distant wood-saw stealing through the open wire-netting door1 along with the fragrant air of the morning woods1 ,i get stimulus responsive1 and send you penciled return4 ,yes1 the daylight that now seems shining through the ,dreyfus case is glorious1 and if the ,president only gets his back up a bit1 and mows down the whole gang of ,satan1 or as much of it as can be touched1 it will perhaps be a great day for the distracted ,france4 ,i mean it may be one of those moral crises that become starting points and high-water marks and leave traditions and rallying cries and new forces behind them4 ,one thing is certain1 that no other alternative form of government possible to ,france in this century could have stood the strain as this democracy seems to be standing it4 ,apropos of which1 a word about ,woodberry's book4#bb ,i didn't know him to be that kind of a creature at all4 ,the essays are grave and noble in the extreme4 ,i hail another ,american author4 ,they can't be popular1 and for cause4 ,the respect of him for the ,queen's ,english1 the classic leisureliness and explicitness1 which give so rare a dignity to his style1 also take from it that which our generation seems to need1 the sudden word1 the unmediated transition1 the flash of perception that makes reasonings unnecessary4 ,poor ,woodberry1 so high1 so true1 so good1 so original in his total make-up1 and yet so unoriginal if you take him spot-wise--and therefore so ineffective4 ,his paper on ,democracy is very fine indeed1 though somewhat too abstract4 ,i haven't yet read the first and last essays in the book1 which ,i shall buy and keep1 and even send a word of gratulation to the author for it4 ,as for me1 my bed is made3 ,i am against bigness and greatness in all their forms1 and with the invisible molecular moral forces that work from individual to individual1 stealing in through the crannies of the world like so many soft rootlets1 or like the capillary oozing of water1 and yet rending the hardest monuments of man's pride1 if you give them time4 ,the bigger the unit you deal with1 the hollower1 the more brutal1 the more mendacious is the life displayed4 ,so ,i am against all big organizations as such1 national ones first and foremost2 against all big successes and big results2 and in favor of the eternal forces of truth which always work in the individual and immediately unsuccessful way1 under-dogs always1 till history comes1 after they are long dead1 and puts them on the top4--,you need take no notice of these ebullitions of spleen1 which are probably quite unintelligible to anyone but myself4 ,ever your ,w4 ,j4 ,when the ,college term ended in ,june1 #ahii1 the sailing date of the ,european steamer on which ,james had taken passage for his wife and daughter and himself was still three weeks away4 ,he turned again to the ,adirondack ,lodge and there persuaded himself1 to his intense satisfaction1 that if he walked slowly and alone1 so that there was no temptation to talk while walking1 or to keep on when he felt like stopping1 he could still spend several hours a day on the mountain sides without inconvenience to his heart4 ,but one afternoon he took a wrong path and did not discover his mistake until he had gone so far that it seemed safer to go on than to turn back4 ,so he kept on4 ,but the trail he was following was not the one he supposed it to be and led him farther and farther4 ,he fainted twice2 it grew dark2 but having neither food1 coat1 nor matches1 he stumbled along until at last he came out on the ,keene ,valley road and1 at nearly eleven o'clock at night1 reached a house where he could get food and a conveyance4 ,he ought to have avoided all exertion for weeks thereafter1 but he tried again to make light of what had occurred1 and1 on getting back to ,cambridge1 spent a very active few days over final arrangements for his year of absence4 ,when his boat had sailed and the stimulus which his last duties supplied had been withdrawn1 he began to discover what condition he was in4 ,,xiii #ahii-aijb ,two years of ,illness in ,europe--,retirement from ,active ,duty at ,harvard--,the ,first and ,second ,series of the ,gifford ,lectures ,,when ,james sailed for ,hamburg on ,july #ae1 he planned quite definitely to devote the summer to rest and the treatment of his heart1 then to write out the ,gifford ,lectures during the winter1 and to deliver them by the following spring2 and1 happily1 could not foresee that he was to spend nearly two years in exile and idleness4 ,for nearly six years he had driven himself beyond the true limits of his strength4 ,now it became evident that the strain of his second over-exertion in the ,adirondacks had precipitated a complete collapse4 ,he had been advised during the winter to go to ,nauheim for a course of baths4 ,but when he got there1 the eminent specialists who examined his heart ignored his nervous prostration4 ,he was doubtless a difficult patient to diagnose or prescribe for4 ,matters went from bad to worse2 little by little all his plans had to be abandoned4 ,a year went by1 and a return to regular work in ,cambridge was unthinkable4 ,he was no better in the summer of #aijj than when he landed in ,germany in ,july of #ahii4 ,his daughter had been sent to school in ,england4 ,the three other children remained in ,america4 ,he and ,mrs4 ,james moved about between ,england1 ,nauheim1 the south of ,france1 ,switzerland and ,rome1 consulting a specialist in one place or trying the baths or the climate in another--with how much homesickness1 and with how much courage none the less1 the letters will indicate4 ,his only systematic reading was a persistent1 though frequently intermitted1 exploration of religious biographies and the literature of religious conversion1 in preparation for the ,gifford ,lectures4 ,during the second year he managed to get one course of these lectures written out4 ,not until he had delivered them in ,edinburgh1 in ,may1 #aija1 did he know that he had turned the corner and feel as if he had begun to live again4 ,every letter that came to him from his family and friends at home was comforting beyond measure1 and he poured out a stream of acknowledgment in long replies1 which he dictated to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,his own writing was usually limited to jottings in a note-book and to post-cards4 ,he always had a fountain-pen and a few post-cards in his pocket1 and often1 when sitting in a chair in the open air1 or at a little table in one of the outdoor restaurants that abound in ,nauheim and in southern ,europe1 he would compress more news and messages into one of these little missives than most men ever get into a letter4 ,a few of his friends at home divined his situation1 and were at pains to write him regularly and fully4 ,letters that follow show how grateful he was for such devotion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in this state of enforced idleness he browsed through newspapers and journals more than he had before or than he ever did again1 and so his letters contained more comments on daily events4 ,it will be clear that what was happening did not always please him4 ,he was an individualist and a liberal1 both by temperament and by reason of having grown up with the generation which accepted the doctrines of the laissez-faire school in a thoroughgoing way4 ,the ,philippine policy of the ,mc,kinley administration seemed to him a humiliating desertion of the principles that ,america had fought for in the ,revolution and the ,war of ,emancipation4 ,the military occupation of the ,philippines1 described by the ,president as benevolent assimilation1 and what he once called the cold pot-grease of ,mc,kinley's eloquence filled him with loathing4 ,he saw the ,republican ,party in the light in which ,mr4 ,dooley portrayed it when he represented its leaders as praying that ,providence might remain under the benevolent influence of the present administration4 ,when ,mc,kinley and ,roosevelt were nominated by the ,republicans in #aijj1 he called them a combination of slime and grit1 soap and sand1 that ought to scour anything away1 even the moral sense of the country4 ,he was ready to vote for ,bryan if there were no other way of turning out the administration responsible for the history of our first years in the ,philippines1 although it would doubtless have been a premature victory of a very mongrel kind of reform4 ,in the same way1 the cant with which many of the supporters of ,england's program in ,south ,africa extolled the ,boer ,war in the ,british press provoked his irony4 ,the uproar over the ,dreyfus case was at its height4 ,the intellectuels1 as they were called in ,france1 the ,little ,englanders as they were nicknamed in ,england1 and the ,anti-,imperialists in his own country had his entire sympathy4 ,the state of mind of a member of the liberal minority1 observing the phase of history that was disclosing itself at the end of the century1 is admirably indicated in his correspondence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark1 next addressed1 and her family were in the habit of spending their summers in ,keene ,valley1 where they had a cottage that was not far from the ,putnam ,shanty4 ,james had often joined forces with them for a day's climb when he was staying at the ,shanty4 ,the reader will recall that it was their party that he had joined on ,mt4 ,marcy the year before4 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,aug4 #ab1 #ahii4 ,,my ,,dear ,,pauline1--,i am afraid we are stuck here till the latter half of ,september4 ,once a donkey1 always a donkey2 at the ,lodge in ,june1 after some slow walks which seemed to do me no harm at all1 ,i drifted one day up to the top of ,marcy1 and then 7thanks to the ,trail ,improvement ,society67 found myself in the ,johns ,brook ,valley instead of on the ,lodge trail back2 and converted what would have been a three-hours' downward saunter into a seven-hours' scramble1 emerging in ,keene ,valley at #aj4ae ,p4,m4 ,this did me no good--quite the contrary2 so ,i have come to ,nauheim just in time4 ,my carelessness was due to the belief that there was only one trail in the ,lodge direction1 so ,i didn't attend particularly1 and when ,i found myself off the track 7the trail soon stopped7 ,i thought ,i was going to ,south ,meadow1 and didn't reascend4 ,anyhow ,i was an ass1 and you ought to have been along to steer me straight4 ,i fear we shall ascend no more acclivities together4 ,bent is the tree that should have grown full straight6 ,you have no idea of the moral repulsiveness of this ,curort life4 ,everybody fairly revelling in disease1 and abandoning themselves to it with a sort of gusto4 ,heart1 heart1 heart1 the sole topic of attention and conversation4 ,as a phase1 however1 one ought to be able to live through it1 and the extraordinary nerve-rest1 crawling round as we do1 is beneficial4 ,man is never satisfied6 ,perhaps ,i shall be when the baths1 etc41 have had their effect4 ,we go then straight to ,england4--,i do hope that you are all getting what you wish in ,switzerland1 and that for all of you the entire adventure is proving golden4 ,mrs4 ,james sends her love1 and ,i am1 as always1 yours most affectionately1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,e4 ,p4 ,gibbens4 ,,villa ,,luise1 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,aug4 #bb1 #ahii4 ,,darling ,,belle-,m,,re1--,the day seems to have come for another letter to you1 though my fingers are so cold that ,i can hardly write4 ,we have had a most conveniently dry season--convenient in that it doesn't coop us up in the house--but a deal of cloud and cold4 ,today is sunny but frigid--like late ,october4 ,altogether the difference of weather is very striking4 ,european weather is stagnant and immovable4 ,it is as if it got stuck1 and needed a kick to start it2 and although it is doubtless better for the nerves than ours1 ,i find my soul thinking most kindly from this distance of our glorious quick passionate ,american climate1 with its transparency and its impulsive extremes4 ,this weather is as if fed on solid pudding4 ,we inhabit one richly and heavily furnished bedroom1 #ba x #ad1 with good beds and a balcony1 and are rapidly making up for all our estrangement1 locally speaking1 in the past4 ,it is a great nerve-rest1 though the listlessness that goes with all nerve-rest makes itself felt4 ,alice seems very well4444 ,the place has wonderful adaptation to its purposes in the possession of a vast park with noble trees and avenues and incessant benches for rest2 restaurants with out-of-door tables everywhere in sight2 music morning1 afternoon and night2 and charming points to go to out of town4 ,cab-fare is cheap4 ,but nothing else4444 ,the ,gifford lectures are in complete abeyance4 ,i have word from ,seth that under the circumstances the ,academic ,senate will be sure to grant me any delay or indulgence ,i may ask for2 so this relieves tension4 ,i can make nothing out yet about my heart4444 ,so ,i try to take long views and not fuss about temporary feelings1 though ,i dare say ,i keep dear ,alice worried enough by the fuss ,i imagine myself not to make4 ,it is a loathsome world1 this medical world2 and ,i confess that the thought of another six weeks here next year doesn't exhilarate me1 in spite of the decency of all our physical conditions4 ,i still remain faithful to ,irving ,st4 7#ie and #ajg71bc ,chocorua1 ,silver ,lake1 and ,keene ,valley6 ,we get almost no syllable of ,american news1 in spite of the fact that we take the ,london ,chronicle4 ,pray send the ,nation and the ,literary ,digest4 ,don't send the ,sciences as heretofore4 ,let them accumulate4 ,i think that after reception of this you had better address us care of ,h4 ,j41 ,rye1 ,sussex4 ,we shall probably be off by the #ajth or #abth of ,sept4 ,i hope that public opinion is gathering black against the ,philippine policy--in spite of my absence6 ,i hope that ,salter will pitch in well in the fall4 ,the still blacker nightmare of a ,dreyfus case hangs over us2 and there is little time in the day save for reading the ,figaro's full reports of the trial4 ,like all ,french happenings1 it is as if they were edited expressly for literary purpose4 ,every witness so-called has a power of statement equal to that of a first-class lawyer2 and the various human types that succeed each other1 exhibiting their several peculiarities in full blossom1 make the thing like a novel4 ,esterhazy seems to me the great hero4 ,how ,shakespeare would have enjoyed such a fantastic scoundrel1--knowing all the secrets1 saying what he pleases1 mystifying all ,europe1 leading the whole ,french army 7except apparently ,picquart7 by the nose1--a regular ,shakespearean type of villain1 with an insane exuberance of rhetoric and fancy about his vanities and hatreds1 that literature has never given yet4 ,it would seem incredible that the ,court-,martial should condemn4 ,henry was evidently the spy1 employed by ,esterhazy1 and afterwards ,du ,paty helped their machinations1 in order not to stultify his own record at the original trial--at least this seems the plausible theory4 ,the older generals seem merely to have been passive connivers1 stupidly and obstinately holding to the original official mistake rather than surrender under fire4 ,and such is the prestige of caste-opinion1 such the solidity of the professional spirit1 that1 incredible as it may seem1 it is still quite probable that the officers will obey the lead of their superiors1 and condemn ,dreyfus again4 ,the ,president1 ,jouaust1 who was supposed to be impartial1 is showing an apparently bad animus against ,picquart4 ,p4 is a real hero--a precious possession for any country4 ,he ought to be made ,minister of ,war2 though that would doubtless produce a revolution4 ,i suppose that ,loubet will pardon ,dreyfus immediately if he is recondemned4 ,then ,dreyfus1 and perhaps ,loubet1 will be assassinated by some ,anti-,semite1 and who knows what will follow8 ,but before you get this1 you will know far more about the trial than ,i can tell you4 ,we long for news from the boys--not a word from ,billy since he left ,tacoma4 ,i am glad their season promises to be shorter6 ,enough is as good as a feast6 ,what a scattered lot we are6 ,i hope that ,margaret will be happy in ,montreal4 ,as for you in your desolation1 ,i could almost weep for you4 ,my only advice is that you should cling to ,aleck as to a life-preserver4 ,i trust you got the #bjj ,i told ,higginson to send you4 ,i am mortified beyond measure by that overdrawn bank account1 and do not understand it at all4 ,oceans of love from your affectionate son1 ,,william4 ,to ,william ,m4 ,salter4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,sept4 #aa1 #ahii4 ,,dear ,,mackintire1--,the incredible has happened1 and ,dreyfus1 without one may say a single particle of positive evidence that he was guilty1 has been condemned again4 ,the ,french ,republic1 which seemed about to turn the most dangerous corner in her career and enter on the line of political health1 laying down the finest set of political precedents in her history to serve as standards for future imitation and habit1 has slipped ,hell-ward and all the forces of ,hell in the country will proceed to fresh excesses of insolence4 ,but ,i don't believe the game is lost4 ,les intellectuels1 thanks to the ,republic1 are now aggressively militant as they never were before1 and will grow stronger and stronger2 so we may hope4 ,i have sent you the ,figaro daily2 but of course the reports are too long for you to have read through4 ,the most grotesque thing about the whole trial is the pretension of awful holiness1 of semi-divinity in the diplomatic documents and waste-paper-basket scraps from the embassies--a farce kept up to the very end--these same documents being1 so far as they were anything 7and most of them were nothing71 mere records of treason1 lying1 theft1 bribery1 corruption1 and every crime on the part of the diplomatic agents4 ,either the ,german and ,italian governments will now publish or not publish all the details of their transactions--give the exact documents meant by the bordereaux and the exact names of the ,french traitors4 ,if they do not1 there will be only two possible explanations3 either ,dreyfus's guilt1 or the pride of their own sacrosanct etiquette4 ,as it is scarcely conceivable that ,dreyfus can have been guilty1 their silences will be due to the latter cause4 7,of course it can't be due to what they owe in honor to ,esterhazy and whoever their other allies and servants may have been4 ,e4 is safe over the border1 and a pension for his services will heal all his wounds4 ,any other person can quickly be put in similar conditions of happiness47 ,and they and ,esterhazy will then be exactly on a par morally1 actively conspiring to have an innocent man bear the burden of their own sins4 ,by their carelessness with the documents they got ,dreyfus accused1 and now they abandon him1 for the sake of their own divine etiquette4 ,the breath of the nostrils of all these big institutions is crime--that is the long and short of it4 ,we must thank ,god for ,america2 and hold fast to every advantage of our position4 ,talk about our corruption6 ,it is a mere fly-speck of superficiality compared with the rooted and permanent forces of corruption that exist in the ,european states4 ,the only serious permanent force of corruption in ,america is party spirit4 ,all the other forces are shifting like the clouds1 and have no partnerships with any permanently organized ideal4 ,millionaires and syndicates have their immediate cash to pay1 but they have no intrenched prestige to work with1 like the church sentiment1 the army sentiment1 the aristocracy and royalty sentiment1 which here can be brought to bear in favor of every kind of individual and collective crime--appealing not only to the immediate pocket of the persons to be corrupted1 but to the ideals of their imagination as well4444 ,my dear ,mack1 we intellectuals in ,america must all work to keep our precious birthright of individualism1 and freedom from these institutions4 ,every great institution is perforce a means of corruption--whatever good it may also do4 ,only in the free personal relation is full ideality to be found4--,i have vomited all this out upon you in the hope that it may wake a responsive echo4 ,one must do something to work off the effect of the ,dreyfus sentence4 ,i rejoice immensely in the purchase on our behalf of the two pieces of land near ,chocorua1 and pine for the day when ,i can get back to see them4 ,if all the same to you1 ,i wish that you would buy ,burke's in your name1 and ,mother-in-law ,forrest's in her name4 ,but let this be exactly as each of you severally prefers4 ,we leave here in a couple of days1 ,i imagine4 ,i am better2 but ,i can't tell how much better for a few weeks yet4 ,i hope that you will smite the ungodly next winter4 ,what a glorious gathering together of the forces for the great fight there will be4 ,it seems to me as if the proper tactics were to pound ,mc,kinley--put the whole responsibility on him4 ,it is he who by his purely drifting non-entanglement policy converted a splendid opportunity into this present necessity of a conquest of extermination4 ,it is he who has warped us from our continuous national habit1 which1 if we repudiate him1 it will not be impossible to resume4 ,affectionately thine1 ,mary's1 ,aleck's1 ,dinah's1 ,augusta's1#bd and everyone's1 ,w4 ,j4 ,p4,s4 ,damn it1 ,america doesn't know the meaning of the word corruption compared with ,europe6 ,corruption is so permanently organized here that it isn't thought of as such--it is so transient and shifting in ,america as to make an outcry whenever it appears4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahii4 444,in two or three days more ,i shall be discharged 7in very decent shape1 ,i trust7 and after ten days or so of rigorously prescribed ,nachkur in the cold and rain of ,switzerland 7we have seen the sun only in short but entrancing glimpses since ,sept4 #a1 and you know what bad weather is when it once begins in ,europe71 we shall pick up our ,peggy at ,vevey1 and proceed to ,lamb ,house1 ,rye1 ber ,paris1 with all possible speed4 ,god bless the ,american climate1 with its transparent1 passionate1 impulsive variety and headlong fling4 ,there are deeper1 slower tones of earnestness and moral gravity here1 no doubt1 but ours is more like youth and youth's infinite and touching promise4 ,god bless ,america in general6 ,conspuez ,mc,kinley and the ,republican party and the ,philippine war1 and the ,methodists1 and the voices1 etc41 as much as you please1 but bless the innocence4 ,talk of corruption6 ,we don't know what the word corruption means at home1 with our improvised and shifting agencies of crude pecuniary bribery1 compared with the solidly intrenched and permanently organized corruptive geniuses of monarchy1 nobility1 church1 army1 that penetrate the very bosom of the higher kind as well as the lower kind of people in all the ,european states 7except ,switzerland7 and sophisticate their motives away from the impulse to straightforward handling of any simple case4 ,temoin the ,dreyfus case6 ,but no matter6 ,of all the forms of mental crudity1 that of growing earnest over international comparisons is probably the most childish4 ,every nation has its ideals which are a dead secret to other nations1 and it has to develop in its own way1 in touch with them4 ,it can only be judged by itself4 ,if each of us does as well as he can in his own sphere at home1 he will do all he can do2 that is why ,i hate to remain so long abroad4444 ,we have been having a visit from an extraordinary ,pole named ,lutoslawski1 #cf years old1 author of philosophical writings in seven different languages1--,plato's ,logic1 in ,english 7,longmans7 being his chief work1--and knower of several more1 handsome1 and to the last degree genial4 ,he has a singular philosophy--the philosophy of friendship4 ,he takes in dead seriousness what most people admit1 but only half-believe1 viz41 that we are ,souls 7,zoolss1 he pronounces it71 that souls are immortal1 and agents of the world's destinies1 and that the chief concern of a soul is to get ahead by the help of other souls with whom it can establish confidential relations4 ,so he spends most of his time writing letters1 and will send #h sheets of reply to a post-card--that is the exact proportion of my correspondence with him4 ,shall ,i rope you in1 ,fanny8 ,he has a great chain of friends and correspondents in all the countries of ,europe4 ,the worst of them is that they think a secret imparted to one may at his or her discretion become1 de proche en proche1 the property of all4 ,he is a wunderlicher ,mensch3 abstractly his scheme is divine1 but there is something on which ,i can't yet just lay my defining finger that makes one feel that there is some need of the corrective and critical and arresting judgment in his manner of carrying it out4 ,these ,slavs seem to be the great radical livers-out of their theories4 ,good-bye1 dearest ,fanny4444 ,your affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,,rye1 ,oct4 #e1 #ahii4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,whitman1--,you see where at last we have arrived1 at the end of the first tape of this pilgrimage--the second station of the cross1 so to speak--with the ,continent over1 and ,england about to begin4 ,the land is bathed in greenish-yellow light and misty drizzle of rain4 ,the little town1 with its miniature brick walls and houses and nooks and coves and gardens1 makes a curiously vivid and quaint picture1 alternately suggesting ,english1 ,dutch1 and ,japanese effects that one has seen in pictures--all exceedingly tiny 7so that one wonders how families ever could have been reared in most of the houses7 and neat and zierlich to the last degree4 ,refinement in architecture certainly consists in narrow trim and the absence of heavy mouldings4 ,modern ,germany is incredibly bad from that point of view--much worse1 apparently1 than ,america4 ,but the ,german people are a good safe fact for great powers to be intrusted to--earnest and serious1 and pleasant to be with1 as we found them1 though it was humiliating enough to find how awfully imperfect were one's powers of conversing in their language4 ,french not much better4 ,i remember nothing of this extreme mortification in old times1 and am inclined to think that it is due less to loss of ability to speak1 than to the fact that1 as you grow older1 you speak better ,english1 and expect more of yourself in the way of accomplishment4 ,i am sure you spoke no such ,english as now1 in the seventies1 when you came to ,cambridge6 ,and how could ,i1 as yet untrained by conversation with you8 ,seven mortal weeks did we spend at the ,curort1 ,nauheim1 for an infirmity of the heart which ,i contracted1 apparently1 not much more than a year ago1 and which now must be borne1 along with the rest of the white man's burden1 until additional visits to ,nauheim have removed it altogether for ordinary practical purposes4 ,n4 was a sweetly pretty spot1 but ,i longed for more activity4 ,a glorious week in ,switzerland1 solid in its sometimes awful1 sometimes beefy beauty2 two days in ,paris1 where ,i could gladly have stayed the winter out1 merely for the fun of the sight of the intelligent and interesting streets2 then hither1 where ,h4 ,j4 has a real little bijou of a house and garden1 and seems absolutely adapted to his environment1 and very well and contented in the leisure to write and to read which the place affords4 ,in a few days we go almost certainly to the said ,h4 ,j4's apartment1 still unlet1 in ,london1 where we shall in all probability stay till ,january1 the world forgetting1 by the world forgot1 or till such later date as shall witness the completion of the awful ,gifford job1 at which ,i have not been able to write one line since last ,january4 ,i long for the definitive settlement and ability to get to work4 ,i am very glad indeed1 too1 to be in an ,english atmosphere again4 ,of course it will conspire better with my writing tasks1 and after all it is more congruous with one's nature and one's inner ideals4 ,still1 one loves ,america above all things1 for her youth1 her greenness1 her plasticity1 innocence1 good intentions1 friends1 everything4 ,je veux que mes cendres reposent sur les bords du ,charles1 au milieu de ce bon peuple de ,harvarr ,squerre que j'ai tant aim4 ,that is what ,i say1 and what ,napoleon ,b4 would have said1 had his life been enriched by your and my educational and other experiences--poor man1 he knew too little of life1 had never even heard of us1 whilst we have heard of him6 ,seriously speaking1 though1 ,i believe that international comparisons are a great waste of time--at any rate1 international judgments and passings of sentence are4 ,every nation has ideals and difficulties and sentiments which are an impenetrable secret to one not of the blood4 ,let them alone1 let each one work out its own salvation on its own lines4 ,they talk of the decadence of ,france4 ,the hatreds1 and the coups de gueule of the newspapers there are awful4 ,but ,i doubt if the better ideals were ever so aggressively strong2 and ,i fancy it is the fruit of the much decried republican rgime that they have become so4 ,my brother represents ,english popular opinion as less cock-a-whoop for war than newspaper accounts would lead one to imagine2 but ,i don't know that he is in a good position for judging4 ,i hope if they do go to war that the ,boers will give them fits1 and ,i heartily emit an analogous prayer on behalf of the ,philippinos4 ,i have had pleasant news of ,beverly1 having had letters both from ,fanny ,morse and ,paulina ,smith4 ,i hope that your summer has been a good one1 that work has prospered and that ,society has been less nervante and more nutritious for the higher life of the ,soul than it sometimes is4 ,we have met but one person of any accomplishments or interest all summer4 ,but ,i have managed to read a good deal about religion1 and religious people1 and care less for accomplishments1 except where 7as in you7 they go with a sanctified heart4 ,abundance of accomplishments1 in an unsanctified heart1 only make one a more accomplished devil4 ,good bye1 angelic friend6 ,we both send love and best wishes1 both to you and ,mr4 ,whitman1 and ,i am as ever yours affectionately1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,thomas ,davidson4 #cd ,,de ,,vere ,,gardens1 ,,london1 ,nov4 #b1 #ahii4 ,,dear ,,old ,t4 ,d41--,a recent letter from ,margaret ,gibbens says that you have gone to ,new ,york in order to undergo a most radical operation4 ,i need not say that my thoughts have been with you1 and that ,i have felt anxiety mixed with my hopes for you1 ever since4 ,i do indeed hope that1 whatever the treatment was1 it has gone off with perfect success1 and that by this time you are in the durable enjoyment of relief1 and nerves and everything upon the upward track4 ,it has always seemed to me that1 were ,i in a similar plight1 ,i should choose a kill-or-cure operation rather than anything merely palliative--so poisonous to one's whole mental and moral being is the irritation and worry of the complaint4 ,it would truly be a spectacle for the ,gods to see you rising like a phoenix from your ashes again1 and shaking off even the memory of disaster like dew-drops from a lion's mane1 etc4--and ,i hope the spectacle will be vouchsafed to us men also1 and that you will be presiding over ,glenmore as if nothing had happened1 different from the first years1 save a certain softening of your native ferocity of heart1 and gentleness towards the shortcomings of weaker people4 ,dear old ,east ,hill6#be ,i shall never forget the beauty of the morning 7it had rained the night before7 when ,i took my bath in the brook1 before driving down to ,westport one day last ,june4 ,we got your letter at ,nauheim1 a sweet safe little place1 made for invalids1 to which it took long to reconcile me on that account4 ,but nous en avons vu bien d'autres depuis1 and from my present retirement in my brother's still unlet flat 7he living at ,rye71 ,nauheim seems to me like ,new ,york for bustle and energy4 ,my heart1 in short1 has gone back upon me badly since ,i was there1 and my doctor1 ,bezley ,thorne1 the first specialist here1 and a man who inspires me with great confidence1 is trying to tide me over the crisis1 by great quiet1 in addition to a dietary of the strictest sort1 and more ,nauheim baths1 domicile4 ,provided ,i can only get safely out of the ,gifford scrape1 the deluge has leave to come4--,write1 dear old ,t4 ,d41 and tell how you are1 and let it be good news if possible4 ,give much love to the ,warrens1 and believe me always affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the woman thou gavest unto me comes out strong as a nurse1 and treats me much better than ,i deserve4 ,to ,john ,c4 ,gray4 ,dictated to ,mrs4 ,james ,,london1 ,nov4 #bc1 #ahii4 ,,dear ,,john1--,a week ago ,i learnt from the ,nation--strange to have heard it in no directer way6--that dear old ,john ,ropes had turned his back on us and all this mortal tragi-comedy4 ,no sooner does one get abroad than that sort of thing begins4 ,i am deeply grieved to think of never seeing or hearing old ,j4 ,c4 ,r4 again1 with his manliness1 good-fellowship1 and cheeriness1 and idealism of the right sort1 and can't hold in any longer from expression4 ,you1 dear ,john1 seem the only fitting person for me to condole with1 for you will miss him most tremendously4 ,pray write and tell me some details of the manner of his death4 ,i hope he didn't suffer much4 ,write also of your own personal and family fortunes and give my love to the members of our dining club collectively and individually1 when you next meet4 ,i have myself been shut up in a sick room for five weeks past1 seeing hardly anyone but my wife and the doctor1 a bad state of the heart being the cause4 ,we shall be at ,west ,malvern in ten days1 where ,i hope to begin to mend4 ,hurrah for ,henry ,higginson and his gift#bf to the ,university6 ,i think the ,club cannot fail to be useful if they make it democratic enough4 ,i hope that ,roland is enjoying ,washington1 but not so far transubstantiated into a politician as to think that ,mc,kinley ,co4 are the high-water mark of human greatness up to date4 ,john ,ropes1 more than most men1 seems as if he would be natural to meet again4 ,please give our love to ,mrs4 ,gray1 and believe me1 affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,dec4 #bc1 #ahii4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,about a week ago ,i found myself thinking a good deal about you4 ,i may possibly have begun by wondering how it came that1 after showing such a spontaneous tendency towards that clandestine correspondence early in the season1 you should recently1 in spite of pathetic news about me1 and direct personal appeals1 be showing such great epistolary reserve4 ,i went on to great lengths about you2 and ended by realizing your existence1 and its significance1 as it were1 very acutely4 ,i composed a letter to you in my mind1 whilst lying awake1 dwelling in a feeling manner on the fact that human beings are born into this little span of life of which the best thing is its friendships and intimacies1 and soon their places will know them no more1 and yet they leave their friendships and intimacies with no cultivation1 to grow as they will by the roadside1 expecting them to keep by force of mere inertia2 they contribute nothing empirical to the relation1 treating it as something transcendental and metaphysical altogether2 whereas in truth it deserves from hour to hour the most active care and nurture and devotion4 ,there's that ,fanny1 thought ,i1 the rarest and most precious1 perhaps1 of all the phenomena that enter into the circle of my experience4 ,i take her for granted2 ,i seldom see her--she has never passed a night in our house6#bg and yet of all things she is the one that probably deserves the closest and most unremitting attention on my part4 ,this transcendental relation of persons to each other in the absolute won't do6 ,i must write to ,fanny and tell her1 in spite of her deprecations1 just how perfect and rare and priceless a fact ,i know her existence in this ,universe eternally to be4 ,this very morrow ,i will dictate such a letter to ,alice4 ,the morrow came1 and several days succeeded1 and brought each its impediment with it1 so that letter doesn't get written till today4 ,and now ,alice1 who had suddenly to take ,peggy 7who is with us for ten days7 out to see a neighbor's little girl1 comes in2 so ,i will give the pen to her4 ,remainder of letter dictated to ,mrs4 ,james ,sunday1 #bdth4 ,brother ,harry and ,peggy came in with ,alice last evening1 so my letter got postponed till this morning4 ,what ,i was going to say was this4 ,the day before yesterday we received in one bunch seven letters from you1 dating from the #bjth of ,october to the #hth of ,december1 and showing that you1 at any rate1 had been alive to the duty of actively nourishing friendship by deeds4444 ,your letters were sent to ,baring ,brothers1 instead of ,brown1 ,shipley and ,co41 and it was a mercy that we ever got them at all4 ,you are a great letter-writer inasmuch as your pen flows on1 giving out easily such facts and feelings and thoughts as form the actual contents of your day1 so that one gets a live impression of concrete reality4 ,my letters1 ,i find1 tend to escape into humorisms1 abstractions and flights of fancy1 which are not nutritious things to impart to friends thousands of miles away who wish to realize the facts of your private existence4 ,we are now received into the shelter of ,h4 ,j4's ,lamb ,house1 where we have been a week1 having found ,west ,malvern 7where the doctor sent me after my course of baths7 rather too bleak a retreat for the drear-nighted ,december4 7,heaven be praised6 we have just lived down the solstice after which the year always seems a brighter1 hopefuller thing47 ,harry's place is a most exquisite collection of quaint little stage properties1 three quarters of an acre of brick-walled ,english garden1 little brick courts and out-houses1 old-time kitchen and offices1 paneled chambers and tiled fire-places1 but all very simple and on a small scale4 ,its host1 soon to become its proprietor1 leads a very lonely life but seems in perfect equilibrium therewith1 placing apparently his interest more and more in the operations of his fancy4 ,his health is good1 his face calm1 his spirits equable1 and he will doubtless remain here for many years to come1 with an occasional visit to ,london4 ,he has spoken of you with warm affection and is grateful for the letters which you send him in spite of the lapse of years4444 ,i have resigned my ,gifford lectureship1 but they will undoubtedly grant me indefinite postponement4 ,i have also asked for a second year of absence from ,harvard1 which of course will be accorded4 ,if ,i improve1 ,i may be able to give my first ,gifford course next year4 ,i can do no work whatsoever at present1 but through the summer and half through the fall was able to do a good deal of reading in religious biography4 ,since ,july1 in fact1 my only companions have been saints1 most excellent1 though sometimes rather lop-sided company4 ,in a general manner ,i can see my way to a perfectly bully pair of volumes1 the first an objective study of the ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 the second1 my own last will and testament1 setting forth the philosophy best adapted to normal religious needs4 ,i hope ,i may be spared to get the thing down on paper4 ,so far my progress has been rather downhill1 but the last couple of days have shown a change which possibly may be the beginning of better things4 ,i mean to take great care of myself from this time on4 ,in another week or two we hope to move to a climate 7possibly near ,hyres7 where ,i may sit more out of doors4 ,gathering some strength there1 ,i trust to make for ,nauheim in ,may4 ,if ,i am benefited there1 we shall stay over next winter2 otherwise we return by midsummer4 ,were ,alice not holding the pen1 ,i should celebrate her unselfish devotion1 etc41 and were ,i not myself dictating1 ,i should celebrate my own uncomplaining patience and fortitude4 ,as it is1 ,i leave you to imagine both4 ,both are simply beautiful6 444,there1 dear ,fanny1 this is all ,i can do today in return for your seven glorious epistles4 ,take a heartful of love and gratitude from both of us4 ,remember us most affectionately to your ,mother and ,mary4 ,write again soon1 ,i pray you1 but always to ,brown1 ,shipley and ,co4 ,stir up ,jim ,putnam to write when he can1 and believe me1 lovingly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,glendower ,evans4 ,dictated to ,mrs4 ,james ,,costebelle1 ,,hy,,res1 ,jan4 #ag1 #aijj4 ,,dear ,,bessie1--,don't think that this is the first time that my spirit has turned towards you since our departure4 ,away back in ,nauheim ,i began meaning to write to you1 and although that meaning was fulfilled long before you were born1 in ,royce's ,absolute1 yet there was a hitch about it in the finite which gave me perplexity4 ,i think that the real reason why ,i kept finding myself able to dictate letters to other persons--not many1 't is true--and yet postponing ever until next time my letter unto you1 was that my sense of your value was so much greater than almost anybody else's--though ,i wouldn't have anything in this construed prejudicial to ,fanny ,morse4 ,bowed as ,i am by the heaviest of matrimonial chains1 ever dependent for expression on ,alice here1 how can my spirit move with perfect spontaneity1 or voice itself with the careless freedom it would wish for in the channels of its choice8 ,i am sure you understand1 and under present conditions of communication anything more explicit might be imprudent4 ,she has told you correctly all the outward facts4 ,i feel within a week past as if ,i might really be taking a turn for the better1 and ,i know you will be glad4 ,i have1 in the last days1 gone so far as to read ,royce's book#bh from cover to cover1 a task made easy by the familiarity of the thought1 as well as the flow of the style4 ,it is a charming production--it is odd that the adjectives charming and pretty emerge so strongly to characterize my impression4 ,r4 has got himself much more organically together than he ever did before1 the result being1 in its ensemble1 a highly individual and original ,weltanschauung1 well-fitted to be the storm-centre of much discussion1 and to form a wellspring of suggestion and education for the next generation of thought in ,america4 ,but it makes youthful anew the paradox of philosophy--so trivial and so ponderous at once4 ,the book leaves a total effect on you like a picture--a summary impression of charm and grace as light as a breath2 yet to bring forth that light nothing less than ,royce's enormous organic temperament and technical equipment1 and preliminary attempts1 were required4 ,the book consolidates an impression which ,i have never before got except by glimpses1 that ,royce's system is through and through to be classed as a light production4 ,it is a charming1 romantic sketch2 and it is only by handling it after the manner of a sketch1 keeping it within sketch technique1 that ,r4 can make it very impressive4 ,in the few places where he tries to grip and reason close1 the effect is rather disastrous1 to my mind4 ,but ,i do think of ,royce now in a more or less settled way as primarily a sketcher in philosophy4 ,of course the sketches of some masters are worth more than the finished pictures of others4 ,but stop6 if this was the kind of letter ,i meant to write to you1 it is no wonder that ,i found myself unable to begin weeks ago4 ,my excuse is that ,i only finished the book two hours ago1 and my mind was full to overflowing4 ,next ,monday we are expecting to move into the neighboring ,chteau de ,carqueiranne1 which my friend ,professor ,richet of ,paris has offered conjointly to us and the ,fred ,myerses1 who will soon arrive4 ,a whole country house in splendid grounds and a perfect ,godsend under the conditions4 ,if ,i can only bear the talking to the ,myerses without too much fatigue6 ,but that also ,i am sure will come4 ,our present situation is enviable enough4 ,a large bedroom with a balcony high up on the vast hotel faade2 a terrace below it graveled with white pebbles containing beds of palms and oranges and roses2 below that a downward sloping garden full of plants and winding walks and seats2 then a wide hillside continuing southward to the plain below1 with its gray-green olive groves bordered by great salt marshes with salt works on them1 shut in from the sea by the causeways which lead to a long rocky island1 perhaps three miles away1 that limits the middle of our view due south1 and beyond which to the ,east and ,west appears the boundless ,mediterranean4 ,but delightful as this is1 there is no place like home2 ,otis ,place is better than ,languedoc and ,irving ,street than ,provence4 ,and ,i am sure1 dear ,bessie1 that there is no maid1 wife or widow in either of these countries that is half as good as you4 ,but here ,i must absolutely stop2 so with a good-night and a happy ,new ,year to you1 ,i am as ever1 affectionately your friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,dictated to ,mrs4 ,james ,,hotel ,d' ,,albion1 ,,costebelle1 ,,hy,,res1 ,jan4 #ah1 #aijj4 ,,darling ,,miller1--,last night arrived your pathetically sympathetic letter in comment on the news you had just received of my dropping out for the present from the active career4 ,i want you to understand how deeply ,i value your unflagging feeling of friendship1 and how much we have been touched by this new expression of it4444 ,my strength and spirits are coming back to me with the open-air life1 and ,i begin to feel quite differently towards the future4 ,even if this amelioration does not develop fast1 it is a check to the deterioration1 and shows that curative forces are still there4 ,i look perfectly well at present1 and that of itself is a very favorable sign4 ,in a couple of weeks ,i mean to begin the ,gifford lectures1 writing1 say1 a page a day1 and having all next year before me empty1 am very likely to get1 at any rate1 the first course finished4 ,a letter from ,seth last night told me that the ,committee on the ,gifford ,lectureship had refused my resignation and simply shoved my appointment forward by one year4 ,so be of good cheer1 ,miller2 we shall yet fight the good fight1 sometimes side by side1 sometimes agin one another1 as merrily as if no interruption had occurred4 ,show this to ,harry1 to whom his mother will write today4 ,we enjoyed ,royce's visit very much1 and yesterday ,i finished reading his book1 which ,i find perfectly charming as a composition1 though as far as cogent reasoning goes1 it leaks at every joint4 ,it is1 nevertheless1 a big achievement in the line of philosophic fancy-work1 perhaps the most important of all except religious fancy-work4 ,he has got himself together far more intricately than ever before1 and ought1 after this1 to be recognized by the world according to the measure of his real importance4 ,to me1 however1 the book has brought about a curious settlement in my way of classing ,royce4 ,in spite of the great technical freight he carries1 and his extraordinary mental vigor1 he belongs essentially among the lighter skirmishers of philosophy4 ,a sketcher and popularizer1 not a pile-driver1 foundation-layer1 or wall-builder4 ,within his class1 of course1 he is simply magnificent4 ,it all goes with his easy temperament and rare good-nature in discussion4 ,the subject is not really vital to him1 it is just fancy-work4 ,all the same ,i do hope that this book and its successor will prove a great ferment in our philosophic schools4 ,only with schools and living masters can philosophy bloom in a country1 in a generation4 ,no more1 dear ,miller1 but endless thanks4 ,all you tell me of yourself deeply interests me4 ,i am deeply sorry about the eyes4 ,are you sure it is not a matter for glasses8 ,with much love from both of us4 ,your ever affectionate1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,francis ,boott4 ,dictated to ,mrs4 ,james ,,ch,,teau ,,de ,,carqueiranne1 ,jan4 #ca1 #aijj4 ,,dear ,,old ,,friend1--,every day for a month past ,i have said to ,alice1 ,today we must get off a letter to ,mr4 ,boott2 but every day the available strength was less than the call upon it4 ,yours of the #bhth ,december reached us duly at ,rye and was read at the cheerful little breakfast table4 ,i must say that you are the only person who has caught the proper tone for sympathizing with an invalid's feelings4 ,everyone else says1 ,we are glad to think that you are by this time in splendid condition1 richly enjoying your rest1 and having a great success at ,edinburgh--this1 where what one craves is mere pity for one's unmerited sufferings6 ,you say1 it is a great disappointment1 more ,i should think than you can well bear4 ,i wish you could give up the whole affair and turn your prow toward home4 ,that1 dear ,sir1 is the proper note to strike--la voix du coeur qui seul au coeur arrive2 and ,i thank you for recognizing that it is a case of agony and patience4 ,i1 for one1 should be too glad to turn my prow homewards1 in spite of all our present privileges in the way of simplified life1 and glorious climate4 ,what wouldn't ,i give at this moment to be partaking of one of your recherchs djeuners la fourchette1 ministered to by the good ,kate4 ,from the bed on which ,i lie ,i can sense it as if present--the succulent roast pork1 the apple sauce1 the canned asparagus1 the cranberry pie1 the dates1 the ,to ,kalon1#bi--;above all the rire en barbe of the ever-youthful host4 ,will they ever come again8 ,don't understand me to be disparaging our present meals which1 cooked by a broadbuilt sexagenarian ,provenale1 leave nothing to be desired4 ,especially is the fish good and the artichokes1 and the stewed lettuce4 ,our commensaux1 the ,myerses1 form a good combination4 ,the house is vast and comfortable and the air just right for one in my condition1 neither relaxing nor exciting1 and floods of sunshine4 ,do you care much about the war8 ,for my part ,i think ,jehovah has run the thing about right1 so far2 though on utilitarian grounds it will be very likely better if the ,english win4 ,when we were at ,rye an interminable controversy raged about a national day of humiliation and prayer4 ,i wrote to the ,times to suggest1 in my character of traveling ,american1 that both sides to the controversy might be satisfied by a service arranged on principles suggested by the anecdote of the ,montana settler who met a grizzly so formidable that he fell on his knees1 saying1 ,o ,lord1 ,i hain't never yet asked ye for help1 and ain't agoin' to ask ye for none now4 ,but for pity's sake1 ,o ,lord1 don't help the bear4 ,the solemn ,times never printed my letter and thus the world lost an admirable epigram4 ,you1 ,i know1 will appreciate it4 ,mrs4 ,gibbens speaks with great pleasure of your friendly visits1 and ,i should think you might find ,mrs4 ,merriman good company4 ,i hope you are getting through the winter without any bronchial trouble1 and ,i hope that neither the influenza nor the bubonic plague has got to ,cambridge yet4 ,the former is devastating ,europe4 ,if you see dear ,dr4 ,driver1 give him our warmest regards4 ,one ought to stay among one's own people4 ,i seem to be mending--though very slowly1 and the least thing knocks me down4 ,this noon ,i am still in bed1 a little too much talking with the ,myerses yesterday giving me a strong pectoral distress which is not yet over4 ,this dictation begins to hurt me1 so ,i will stop4 ,my spirits now are first-rate1 which is a great point gained4 ,good-bye1 dear old man6 ,we both send our warmest love and are1 ever affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,hugo ,mnsterberg4 ,,carqueianne1 ,march #ac1 #aijj4 ,,dear ,m,,nsterberg1--,your letter of the #gth ult4 was a most delightful surprise--all but the part of it which told of your being ill again--and of course the news of poor ,solomons's death was a severe shock4444 ,as regards ,solomons1 it is pathetically tragic1 and ,i hope that you will send me full details4 ,there was something so lonely and self-sustaining about poor little ,s41 that to be snuffed out like this before he had fairly begun to live in the eyes of the world adds a sort of tragic dramatic unity to his young career4 ,certainly the keenest intellect we ever had1 and one of the loftiest characters6 ,but there was always a mysterious side to me about his mind3 he appeared so critical and destructive1 and yet kept alluding all the while to ethical and religious ideals of his own which he wished to live for1 and of which he never vouchsafed a glimpse to anyone else4 ,he was the only student ,i have ever had of whose criticisms ,i felt afraid3 and that was partly because ,i never quite understood the region from which they came1 and with the authority of which he spoke4 ,his surface thoughts1 however1 of a scientific order1 were extraordinarily treffend and clearly expressed2 in fact1 the way in which he went to the heart of a subject in a few words was masterly4 ,of course he must have left1 apart from his thesis1 a good deal of ,,ms4 fit for publication4 ,i have not seen our philosophical periodicals since leaving home4 ,have any parts of his thesis already appeared8 ,if not1 the whole thing should be published as ,monograph ,supplement to the ,psychological ,review1 and his papers gone over to see what else there may be4 ,an adequate obituary of him ought also to be written4 ,who knew him most intimately8 ,i think the obituary and a portrait ought also to be posted in the laboratory4 ,can you send me the address of his mother8--,i think his father is dead4 ,i should also like to write a word about him to ,miss ,s----1 if you can give me her address4 ,if we had foreseen this early end to poor little ,solomons1 how much more we should have made of him1 and how considerate we should have been6 ,it pleases me much to think of so many other good young fellows1 as you report them1 in the laboratory this year4 ,how many candidates for ,ph4,d48 ,how glad ,i am to be clear of those examinations1 certainly the most disagreeable part of the year's work4444 ,to ,george ,h4 ,palmer4 ,,carqueiranne1 ,apr4 #b1 #aijj4 ,,glorious ,,old ,,palmer1--,i had come to the point of feeling that my next letter must be to you1 when in comes your delightful favor of the #ahth1 with all its news1 its convincing clipping1 and its enclosures from ,bakewell and ,sheldon4 ,i have had many impulses to write to ,bakewell1 but they have all aborted--my powers being so small and so much in ,anspruch genommen by correspondence already under way4 ,i judge him to be well and happy4 ,what think you of his wife8 ,i suppose she is no relation of yours4 ,i shouldn't think any of your three candidates would do for that conventional ,bryn ,mawr4 ,she stoneth the prophets1 and ,i wish she would get ,x---- and get stung4 ,he made a deplorable impression on me many years ago4 ,the only comment ,i heard when ,i gave my address there lately 7the last one in my ,talks7 was that ,a---- had hoped for something more technical and psychological6 ,nevertheless1 some good girls seem to come out at ,bryn ,mawr4 ,i am awfully sorry that ,perry is out of place4 ,unless he gets something good1 it seems to me that we ought to get him for a course in ,kant4 ,he is certainly the soundest1 most normal all-round man of our recent production4 ,your list for next year interests me muchly4 ,i am glad of ,mnsterberg's and ,santayana's new courses1 and hope they'll be good4 ,i'm glad you're back in ,ethics and glad that ,royce has ,epistemology--portentous name1 and small result1 in my opinion1 but a substantive discipline which ought1 par le temps qui court1 to be treated with due formality4 ,i look forward with eagerness to his new volume4#cj ,what a colossal feat he has performed in these two years--all thrown in by the way1 as it were4 ,certainly ,gifford lectures are a good institution for stimulating production4 ,they have stimulated me so far to produce two lectures of wishy-washy generalities4 ,what is that for a showing in six months of absolute leisure8 ,the second lecture used me up so that ,i must be off a good while again4 ,no6 dear ,palmer1 the best ,i can possibly hope for at ,cambridge after my return is to be able to carry one half-course4 ,so make all calculations accordingly4 ,as for ,windelband1 how can ,i ascertain anything except by writing to him8 ,i shall see no one1 nor go to any ,university environment4 ,my impression is that we must go in for budding genius1 if we seek a ,european4 ,if an ,american1 we can get a sommit6 ,but who8 in either case8 ,verily there is room at the top4 ,s---- seems to be the only ,britisher worth thinking of4 ,i imagine we had better train up our own men4 ,a----1 ,b----1 ,c----1 either would no doubt do1 especially ,a---- if his health improves4 ,d---- is our last card1 from the point of view of policy1 no doubt1 but from that of inner organization it seems to me that he may have too many points of coalescence with both ,mnsterberg and ,royce1 especially the latter4 ,the great event in my life recently has been the reading of ,santayana's book4#ca ,although ,i absolutely reject the platonism of it1 ,i have literally squealed with delight at the imperturbable perfection with which the position is laid down on page after page2 and grunted with delight at such a thickening up of our ,harvard atmosphere4 ,if our students now could begin really to understand what ,royce means with his voluntaristic-pluralistic monism1 what ,mnsterberg means with his dualistic scientificism and platonism1 what ,santayana means by his pessimistic platonism 7,i wonder if he and ,mg4 have had any close mutually encouraging intercourse in this line871 what ,i mean by my crass pluralism1 what you mean by your ethereal idealism1 that these are so many religions1 ways of fronting life1 and worth fighting for1 we should have a genuine philosophic universe at ,harvard4 ,the best condition of it would be an open conflict and rivalry of the diverse systems4 7,alas6 that ,i should be out of it1 just as my chance begins67 ,the world might ring with the struggle1 if we devoted ourselves exclusively to belaboring each other4 ,i now understand ,santayana1 the man4 ,i never understood him before4 ,but what a perfection of rottenness in a philosophy6 ,i don't think ,i ever knew the anti-realistic view to be propounded with so impudently superior an air4 ,it is refreshing to see a representative of moribund ,latinity rise up and administer such reproof to us barbarians in the hour of our triumph4 ,i imagine ,santayana's style to be entirely spontaneous4 ,but it has curious classic echoes4 ,whole pages of pure ,hume in style2 others of pure ,renan4 ,nevertheless1 how fantastic a philosophy6--as if the world of values were independent of existence4 ,it is only as being1 that one thing is better than another4 ,the idea of darkness is as good as that of light1 as ideas4 ,there is more value in light's being4 ,and the exquisite consolation1 when you have ascertained the badness of all fact1 in knowing that badness is inferior to goodness1 to the end--it only rubs the pessimism in4 ,a man whose egg at breakfast turns out always bad says to himself1 ,well1 bad and good are not the same1 anyhow4 ,that is just the trouble6 ,moreover1 when you come down to the facts1 what do your harmonious and integral ideal systems prove to be8 in the concrete8 ,always things burst by the growing content of experience4 ,dramatic unities2 laws of versification2 ecclesiastical systems2 scholastic doctrines4 ,bah6 ,give me ,walt ,whitman and ,browning ten times over1 much as the perverse ugliness of the latter at times irritates me1 and intensely as ,i have enjoyed ,santayana's attack4 ,the barbarians are in the line of mental growth1 and those who do insist that the ideal and the real are dynamically continuous are those by whom the world is to be saved4 ,but ,i'm nevertheless delighted that the other view1 always existing in the world1 should at last have found so splendidly impertinent an expression among ourselves4 ,i have meant to write to ,santayana2 but on second thoughts1 and to save myself1 ,i will just ask you to send him this4 ,it saves him from what might be the nuisance of having to reply1 and on my part it has the advantage of being more free-spoken and direct4 ,he is certainly an extraordinarily distingu writer4 ,thank him for existing6 ,as a contrast1 read ,jack ,chapman's ,practical ,agitation4 ,the other pole of thought1 and a style all splinters--but a gospel for our rising generation--,i hope it will have its effect4 ,send me your ,noble lectures4 ,i don't see how you could risk it without a ,,ms4 ,if you did fail 7which ,i doubt7 you deserved to4 ,anyhow the printed page makes everything good4 ,i can no more6 ,adieu6 ,how is ,mrs4 ,palmer this winter8 ,i hope entirely herself again4 ,you are impartially silent of her and of my wife6 ,the ,transcript continues to bless us4 ,we move from this hospitable roof to the hotel at ,costebelle today4 ,thence after a fortnight to ,geneva1 and in ,may to ,nauheim once more1 to be rexamined and sentenced by ,schott4 ,affectionately yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,costebelle1 ,apr4 #ab1 #aijj4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,your letters continue to rain down upon us with a fidelity which makes me sure that1 however it may once have been1 now1 on the principle of the immortal ,monsieur ,perrichon1 we must be firmly rooted in your affections4 ,you can never throw over anybody for whom you have made such sacrifices4 ,all qualms which ,i might have in the abstract about the injury we must be inflicting on so busy a ,being by making her1 through our complaints of poverty1 agony1 and exile1 keep us so much on her mind as to tune us up every two or three days by a long letter to which she sacrifices all her duties to the family and state1 disappear1 moreover1 when ,i consider the character of the letters themselves4 ,they are so easy1 the facts are so much the immediate out-bubblings of the moment1 and the delicious philosophical reflexions so much like the spontaneous breathings of the soul1 that the effort is manifestly at the zero-point1 and into the complex state of affection which necessarily arises in you for the objects of so much loving care1 there enter none of those curious momentary arrows of impatience and vengefulness which might make others say1 if they were doing what you do for us1 that they wished we were dead or in some way put beyond reach1 so that our eternal appeal might stop4 ,no1 ,fanny6 we have no repinings and feel no responsibilities towards you1 but accept you and your letters as the gifts you are4 ,the infrequency of our answering proves this fact2 to which you in turn must furnish the correlative1 if the occasion comes4 ,on the day when you temporarily hate us1 or don't feel like the usual letter1 don't let any thought of inconsistency with your past acts worry you about not taking up the pen4 ,let us go2 though it be for weeks and months--,i shall know you will come round again4 ,neither heat nor frost nor thunder shall ever do away1 ,i ween1 the marks of that which once hath been4 ,and to think that you should never have spent a night1 and only once taken a meal1 in our house6 ,when we get back1 we must see each other daily1 and may the days of both of us be right long in the ,state of ,massachusetts6 ,bless her6 ,i got a letter from ,j4 ,j4 ,chapman praising her strongly the other day4 ,and sooth to say the ,transcript and the ,springfield ,republican1 the reception of whose weeklies has become one of the solaces of my life1 do make a first-rate showing for her civilization4 ,one can't just say what tone consists in1 but these papers hold their own excellently in comparison with the ,english papers4 ,there is far less alertness of mind in the general make-up of the latter2 and the respectability of the ,english editorial columns1 though it shows a correcter literary drill1 is apt to be due to a remorseless longitude of commonplace conventionality that makes them deadly dull4 7,the ,spectator appears to be the only paper with a nervous system1 in ,england--that of a carnassier at present67 ,the ,english people seem to have positively a passionate hunger for this mass of prosy stupidity1 never less than a column and a quarter long4 ,the ,continental papers of course are nowhere4 ,as for our yellow papers--every country has its criminal classes1 and with us and in ,france1 they have simply got into journalism as part of their professional evolution1 and they must be got out4 ,mr4 ,bosanquet somewhere says that so far from the dark ages being over1 we are just at the beginning of a new dark-age period4 ,he means that ignorance and unculture1 which then were merely brutal1 are now articulate and possessed of a literary voice1 and the fight is transferred from fields and castles and town walls to organs of publicity2 but it is the same fight1 of reason and goodness against stupidity and passions2 and it must be fought through to the same kind of success4 ,but it means the reducating of perhaps twenty more generations2 and by that time some altogether new kind of institutional opportunity for the ,devil will have been evolved4 ,april #acth4 ,i had to stop yesterday4444 ,six months ago1 ,i shouldn't have thought it possible that a life deliberately founded on pottering about and dawdling through the day would be endurable or even possible4 ,i have attained such skill that ,i doubt if my days ever at any time seemed to glide by so fast4 ,but it corrodes one's soul nevertheless4 ,i scribble a little in bed every morning1 and have reached page #dh of my third ,gifford lecture--though ,lecture ,,ii1 alas6 must be rewritten entirely4 ,the conditions don't conduce to an energetic grip of the subject1 and ,i am afraid that what ,i write is pretty slack and not what it would be if my vital tone were different4 ,the problem ,i have set myself is a hard one3 first1 to defend 7against all the prejudices of my class7 experience against philosophy as being the real backbone of the world's religious life--,i mean prayer1 guidance1 and all that sort of thing immediately and privately felt1 as against high and noble general views of our destiny and the world's meaning2 and second1 to make the hearer or reader believe1 what ,i myself invincibly do believe1 that1 although all the special manifestations of religion may have been absurd 7,i mean its creeds and theories71 yet the life of it as a whole is mankind's most important function4 ,a task well-nigh impossible1 ,i fear1 and in which ,i shall fail2 but to attempt it is my religious act4 ,we got a visit the other day from a ,scottish couple here who have heard that ,i am to give the ,gifford lectures2 and two days ago went to afternoon tea with them at their hotel1 next door4 ,she enclosed a tract 7by herself7 in the invitation1 and proved to be a mass of holy egotism and conceit based on professional invalidism and self-worship4 ,i wish my sister ,alice were there to react on her with a description6 ,her husband1 apparently weak1 and the slave of her4 ,no talk but evangelical talk4 ,it seemed assumed that a ,gifford lecturer must be one of ,moody's partners1 and it gave me rather a foretaste of what the ,edinburgh atmosphere may be like4 ,well1 ,i shall enjoy sticking a knife into its gizzard--if atmospheres have gizzards8 ,blessed be ,boston--probably the freest place on earth1 that isn't merely heathen and sensual4 ,i have been supposing1 as one always does1 that you ran in to the ,putnams' every hour or so1 and likewise they to ,no4 #ab4 ,but your late allusion to the telephone and the rarity of your seeing ,jim ,putnam reminded me of the actual conditions--absurd as they are4 7,really you and we are nearer together now at this distance than we have ever been47 ,well1 let ,jim see this letter1 if you care to1 flattering him by saying that it is more written for him than for you 7which it certainly has not been till this moment671 and thanking him for existing in this naughty world4 ,his account of the ,copernican revolution 7studento-centric7 in the ,medical ,school is highly exciting1 and ,i am glad to hear of the excellent little ,cannon becoming so prominent a reformer4 ,speaking of reformers1 do you see ,jack ,chapman's ,political ,nursery8 of which the ,april number has just come4 7,i have read it and taken my bed-breakfast during the previous page of this letter1 though you may not have perceived the fact47 ,if not1 do subscribe to it2 it is awful fun4 ,he just looks at things1 and tells the truth about them--a strange thing even to try to do1 and he doesn't always succeed4 ,office #ada ,broadway1 #a4jj a year4 ,fanny1 you won't be reading as far as this in this interminable letter1 so ,i stop1 though #ajj pent-up things are seeking to be said4 ,the weather has still been so cold whenever the sun is withdrawn that we have delayed our departure for ,geneva to the #bbnd--a week later4 ,we make a short visit to our friends the ,flournoys 7a couple of days7 and then proceed towards ,nauheim via ,heidelberg1 where ,i wish to consult the great ,erb about the advisability of more baths in view of my nervous complications1 before the great ,schott examines me again4 ,i do wish ,i could send for ,jim for a consultation4 ,good-bye1 dearest and best of ,fannys4 ,i hope your ,mother is wholly well again4 ,much love to her and to ,mary ,elliot4 ,it interested me to hear of ,jack ,e4's great operation4 ,yours ever1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to his ,son ,alexander4 ,,geneva1 circa ,may #c1 #aijj4 ,,dear ,,fran,,ois1--,here we are in ,geneva1 at the ,flournoys'--dear people and splendid children4 ,i wish ,harry could marry ,alice1 ,billy marry ,marguerite1 and you marry ,ariane-,dorothe--the absolutely jolliest and beautifullest #c-year old ,i ever saw4 ,i am trying to get you engaged6 ,i enclose pictures of the dog4 ,ariane-,dorothe r-r-r-olls her r-r-r's like fury4 ,i got your picture of the elephant--very good4 ,draw everything you see1 no matter how badly1 trying to notice how the lines run--one line every day6--just notice it and draw it1 no matter how badly1 and at the end of the year you'll be s'prised to see how well you can draw4 ,tell ,billy to get you a big blank book at the ,cop41 and every day take one page1 just drawing down on it some thing1 or dog1 or horse1 or man or woman1 or part of a man or woman1 which you have looked at that day just for the purpose1 to see how the lines run4 ,i bet the last page of that book will be better than the first6 ,do this for my sake4 ,kiss your dear old ,grandma4 ,p'r'aps1 we shall get home this summer after all4 ,in two or three days ,i shall see a doctor and know more about myself4 ,will let you know4 ,keep motionless and listen as much as you can4 ,take in things without speaking--it'll make you a better man4 ,your ,ma thinks you'll grow up into a filosopher like me and write books4 ,it is easy enuff1 all but the writing4 ,you just get it out of other books1 and write it down4 ,always your loving1 ,,dad4 ,at this time ,james's thirteen-year-old daughter was living with family friends--the ,joseph ,thatcher ,clarkes--in ,harrow1 and was going to an ,english school with their children4 ,she had been passing through such miseries as a homesick child often suffers1 and had written letters which evoked the following response4 ,to his ,daughter4 ,,villa ,,luise1 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,may #bf1 #aijj4 ,,darling ,,peg1--,your letter came last night and explained sufficiently the cause of your long silence4 ,you have evidently been in a bad state of spirits again1 and dissatisfied with your environment2 and ,i judge that you have been still more dissatisfied with the inner state of trying to consume your own smoke1 and grin and bear it1 so as to carry out your mother's behests made after the time when you scared us so by your inexplicable tragic outcries in those earlier letters4 ,well6 ,i believe you have been trying to do the manly thing under difficult circumstances1 but one learns only gradually to do the best thing2 and the best thing for you would be to write at least weekly1 if only a post-card1 and say just how things are going4 ,if you are in bad spirits1 there is no harm whatever in communicating that fact1 and defining the character of it1 or describing it as exactly as you like4 ,the bad thing is to pour out the contents of one's bad spirits on others and leave them with it1 as it were1 on their hands1 as if it was for them to do something about it4 ,that was what you did in your other letter which alarmed us so1 for your shrieks of anguish were so excessive1 and so unexplained by anything you told us in the way of facts1 that we didn't know but what you had suddenly gone crazy4 ,that is the worst sort of thing you can do4 ,the middle sort of thing is what you do this time--namely1 keep silent for more than a fortnight1 and when you do write1 still write rather mysteriously about your sorrows1 not being quite open enough4 ,now1 my dear little girl1 you have come to an age when the inward life develops and when some people 7and on the whole those who have most of a destiny7 find that all is not a bed of roses4 ,among other things there will be waves of terrible sadness1 which last sometimes for days2 and dissatisfaction with one's self1 and irritation at others1 and anger at circumstances and stony insensibility1 etc41 etc41 which taken together form a melancholy4 ,now1 painful as it is1 this is sent to us for an enlightenment4 ,it always passes off1 and we learn about life from it1 and we ought to learn a great many good things if we react on it rightly4 ,from margin4 7,for instance1 you learn how good a thing your home is1 and your country1 and your brothers1 and you may learn to be more considerate of other people1 who1 you now learn1 may have their inner weaknesses and sufferings1 too47 ,many persons take a kind of sickly delight in hugging it2 and some sentimental ones may even be proud of it1 as showing a fine sorrowful kind of sensibility4 ,such persons make a regular habit of the luxury of woe4 ,that is the worst possible reaction on it4 ,it is usually a sort of disease1 when we get it strong1 arising from the organism having generated some poison in the blood2 and we mustn't submit to it an hour longer than we can help1 but jump at every chance to attend to anything cheerful or comic or take part in anything active that will divert us from our mean1 pining inward state of feeling4 ,when it passes off1 as ,i said1 we know more than we did before4 ,and we must try to make it last as short a time as possible4 ,the worst of it often is that1 while we are in it1 we don't want to get out of it4 ,we hate it1 and yet we prefer staying in it--that is a part of the disease4 ,if we find ourselves like that1 we must make ourselves do something different1 go with people1 speak cheerfully1 set ourselves to some hard work1 make ourselves sweat1 etc42 and that is the good way of reacting that makes of us a valuable character4 ,the disease makes you think of yourself all the time2 and the way out of it is to keep as busy as we can thinking of things and of other people--no matter what's the matter with our self4 ,i have no doubt you are doing as well as you know how1 darling little ,peg2 but we have to learn everything1 and ,i also have no doubt that you'll manage it better and better if you ever have any more of it1 and soon it will fade away1 simply leaving you with more experience4 ,the great thing for you now1 ,i should suppose1 would be to enter as friendlily as possible into the interest of the ,clarke children4 ,if you like them1 or acted as if you liked them1 you needn't trouble about the question of whether they like you or not4 ,they probably will1 fast enough2 and if they don't1 it will be their funeral1 not yours4 ,but this is a great lecture1 so ,i will stop4 ,the great thing about it is that it is all true4 ,the baths are threatening to disagree with me again1 so ,i may stop them soon4 ,will let you know as quick as anything is decided4 ,good news from home3 the ,merrimans have taken the ,irving ,street house for another year1 and the ,wambaughs 7of the ,law ,school7 have taken ,chocorua1 though at a reduced rent4 ,the weather here is almost continuously cold and sunless4 ,your mother is sleeping1 and will doubtless add a word to this when she wakes4 ,keep a merry heart--time and the hour run through the roughest day--and believe me ever your most loving ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,post-card ,,altdorf1 ,,lake ,,luzern1 ,july #bj1 #aijj4 ,your last letter was1 if anything1 a more unmitigated blessing than its predecessors2 and ,i1 with my curious inertia to overcome1 sit thinking of letters1 and of the soul-music with which they might be filled if my tongue could only utter the thoughts that arise in me to youward1 the beauty of the world1 the conflict of life and death and youth and age and man and woman and righteousness and evil1 etc41 and ,europe and ,america6 but it stays all caked within and gets no articulation1 the power of speech being so non-natural a function of our race4 ,we are staying above ,luzern1 near a big spruce wood1 at ,gutsch1 and today being hot and passivity advisable1 we came down and took the boat1 for a whole day on the ,lake4 ,the works both of ,nature and of ,man in this region seem too perfect to be credible almost1 and were ,i not a bitter ,yankee1 ,i would1 without a moment's hesitation1 be a ,swiss1 and probably then glad of the change4 ,the goodliness of this land is one of the things ,i ache to utter to you1 but can't4 ,some day ,i will write1 also to ,jim ,p4 ,my condition baffles me4 ,i have lately felt better1 but been bad again1 and altogether can do nothing without repentance afterwards4 ,we have just lunched in this bowery back verandah1 water trickling1 beautiful old convent sleeping up the hillside4 ,love to you all6 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,sept4 #af1 #aijj4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1-- 444,here ,i am having a little private picnic all by myself1 on this effulgent ,sunday morning--real ,american ,september weather1 by way of a miracle4 ,i ordered my bath-chair man to wheel me out to the ,hochwald1 where1 he having been dismissed for three hours1 until two o'clock1 ,i am lying in the said luxurious throne1 writing this on my knee1 with nothing between but a number of ,kuno ,fischer's ,hegel's ,leben1 ,werke und ,lehre1 now in process of publication1 and the flexibility of which accounts for the poor handwriting4 ,i am alone1 save for the inevitable restaurant which hovers on the near horizon1 in a beautiful grove of old oak trees averaging some #af or #ah feet apart1 through whose leaves the sunshine filters and dapples the clear ground or grass that lies between them4 ,alice is still in ,england1 having finally at my command had to give up her long-cherished plan of a run home to see her mother1 the children1 you1 and all the other dulcissima mundi nomina that make of life a thing worth living for4 ,i funked the idea of being alone so long when ,i came to the point4 ,it is not that ,i am worse1 but there will be cold weather in the next couple of months2 and1 unable to sit out of doors then1 as here and now1 ,i shall probably either have to over-walk or over-read1 and both things will be bad for me4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,damn the ,absolute6 ,chocorua1 ,september1 #aijc4 ,one morning ,james and ,royce strolled into the road and sat down on a wall in earnest discussion4 ,when ,james heard the camera click1 as his daughter took the upper snap-shot1 he cried1 ,royce1 you're being photographed6 ,look1 out6 ,i say ,damn the ,absolute6 ,as things are now1 ,i get on well enough1 for the bath business 7especially the bath-chair7 carries one through a good deal of the day4 ,the great ,schott has positively forbidden me to go to ,england as ,i did last year2 so1 early in ,october1 our faces will be turned towards ,italy1 and by ,nov4 #a we shall1 ,i hope1 be ensconced in a pension close to the ,pincian ,garden in ,rome1 to see how long that resource will last4 ,i confess ,i am in the mood of it1 and that there is a suggestion of more richness about the name of ,rome than about that of ,rye1 which1 until ,schott's veto1 was the plan4 ,how the ,gifford lectures will fare1 remains to be seen4 ,i have felt strong movings towards home this fall1 but reflection says3 ,stay another winter1 and ,i confess that now that ,october is approaching1 it feels like the home-stretch and as if the time were getting short and the limbs of next summer in ,america burning through the veil which seems to hide them in the shape of the second ,european winter months4 ,who knows8 perhaps ,i may be spry and active by that time6 ,i have still one untried card up my sleeve1 that may work wonders4 ,all ,i can say of this third course of baths is that so far it seems to be doing me no harm4 ,that it will do me any substantial good1 after the previous experiences1 seems decidedly doubtful4 ,but one must suffer some inconvenience to please the doctors6 ,just as in most women there is a wife that craves to suffer and submit and be bullied1 so in most men there is a patient that needs to have a doctor and obey his orders1 whether they be believed in or not4444 ,don't take the ,malwida book#cb too seriously4 ,i sent it faute de mieux4 ,i don't think ,i ever told you how much ,i enjoyed hearing the ,lesley volume#cc read aloud by ,alice4 ,we were just in the exactly right condition for enjoying that breath of old ,new ,england4 ,good-bye1 dearest ,fanny4 ,give my love to your mother1 ,mary1 ,j4 ,j4 ,p41 and all your circle4 ,leb' wohl yourself1 and believe me1 your ever affectionate1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,josiah ,royce4 ,,nauheim1 ,sept4 #bf1 #aijj4 ,,beloved ,,royce1--,great was my1 was our pleasure in receiving your long and delightful letter last night4 ,like the lioness in sop's fable1 you give birth to one young one only in the year1 but that one is a lion4 ,i give birth mainly to guinea-pigs in the shape of post-cards2 but despite such diversities of epistolary expression1 the heart of each of us is in the right place4 ,i need not say1 my dear old boy1 how touched ,i am at your expressions of affection1 or how it pleases me to hear that you have missed me4 ,i too miss you profoundly4 ,i do not find in the hotel waiters1 chambermaids and bath-attendants with whom my lot is chiefly cast1 that unique mixture of erudition1 originality1 profundity and vastness1 and human wit and leisureliness1 by accustoming me to which during all these years you have spoilt me for inferior kinds of intercourse4 ,you are still the centre of my gaze1 the pole of my mental magnet4 ,when ,i write1 'tis with one eye on the page1 and one on you4 ,when ,i compose my ,gifford lectures mentally1 'tis with the design exclusively of overthrowing your system1 and ruining your peace4 ,i lead a parasitic life upon you1 for my highest flight of ambitious ideality is to become your conqueror1 and go down into history as such1 you and ,i rolled in one another's arms and silent 7or rather loquacious still7 in one last death-grapple of an embrace4 ,how then1 ,o my dear ,royce1 can ,i forget you1 or be contented out of your close neighborhood8 ,different as our minds are1 yours has nourished mine1 as no other social influence ever has1 and in converse with you ,i have always felt that my life was being lived importantly4 ,our minds1 too1 are not different in the ,object which they envisage4 ,it is the whole paradoxical physico-moral-spiritual ,fatness1 of which most people single out some skinny fragment1 which we both cover with our eye4 ,we aim at him generally--and most others don't4 ,i don't believe that we shall dwell apart forever1 though our formulas may4 ,home and ,irving ,street look very near when seen through these few winter months1 and tho' it is still doubtful what ,i may be able to do in ,college1 for social purposes ,i shall be available for probably numerous years to come4 ,i haven't got at work yet--only four lectures of the first course written 7strange to say7--but ,i am decidedly better today than ,i have been for the past ten months1 and the matter is all ready in my mind2 so that when1 a month hence1 ,i get settled down in ,rome1 ,i think the rest will go off fairly quickly4 ,the second course ,i shall have to resign from1 and write it out at home as a book4 ,it must seem strange to you that the way from the mind to the pen should be as intraversable as it has been in this case of mine--you in whom it always seems so easily pervious4 ,but ,miller will be able to tell you all about my condition1 both mental and physical1 so ,i will waste no more words on that to me decidedly musty subject4 ,i fully understand your great aversion to letters and other off-writing4 ,you have done a perfectly ,herculean amount of the most difficult productive work1 and ,i believe you to be much more tired than you probably yourself suppose or know4 ,both mentally and physically1 ,i imagine that a long vacation1 in other scenes1 with no sense of duty1 would do you a world of good4 ,i don't say the full fifteen months--for ,i imagine that one summer and one academic half-year would perhaps do the business better--you could preserve the relaxed and desultory condition as long as that probably1 whilst later you'd begin to chafe1 and then you'd better be back in your own library4 ,if my continuing abroad is hindering this1 my sorrow will be extreme4 ,of course ,i must some time come to a definite decision about my own relations to the ,college1 but ,i am reserving that till the end of #aijj1 when ,i shall write to ,eliot in full4 ,there is still a therapeutic card to play1 of which ,i will say nothing just now1 and ,i don't want to commit myself before that has been tried4 ,you say nothing of the second course of ,aberdeen lectures1 nor do you speak at all of the ,dublin course4 ,strange omissions1 like your not sending me your ,ingersoll lecture6 ,i assume that the publication of your ,gifford ,volume ,,ii will not be very long delayed4 ,i am eager to read them4 ,i can read philosophy now1 and have just read the first three ,lieferungen of ,k4 ,fischer's ,hegel4 ,i must say ,i prefer the original text4 ,fischer's paraphrases always flatten and dry things out2 and he gives no rich sauce of his own to compensate4 ,i have been sorry to hear from ,palmer that he also has been very tired4 ,one can't keep going forever6 ,p4 has been like an archangel in his letters to me1 and ,i am inexpressibly grateful4 ,well6 everybody has been kinder than ,i deserve4444 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,rome1 ,dec4 #be1 #aijj4 444,rome is simply the most satisfying lake of picturesqueness and guilty suggestiveness known to this child4 ,other places have single features better than anything in ,rome1 perhaps1 but for an ensemble ,rome seems to beat the world4 ,just a ,,feast for the eye from the moment you leave your hotel door to the moment you return4 ,those who say that beauty is all made up of suggestion are well disproved here4 ,for the things the eyes most gloat on1 the inconceivably corrupted1 besmeared and ulcerated surfaces1 and black and cavernous glimpses of interiors1 have no suggestions save of moral horror1 and their tactile values1 as ,berenson would say1 are pure gooseflesh4 ,nevertheless the sight of them delights4 ,and then there is such a geologic stratification of history6 ,i dote on the fine equestrian statue of ,garibaldi1 on the ,janiculum1 quietly bending his head with a look half-meditative1 half-strategical1 but wholly victorious1 upon ,saint ,peter's and the ,vatican4 ,what luck for a man and a party to have opposed to it an enemy that stood up for nothing that was ideal1 for everything that was mean in life4 ,austria1 ,naples1 and the ,mother of harlots here1 were enough to deify anyone who defied them4 ,what glorious things are some of these ,italian inscriptions--for example on ,giordano ,bruno's statue3-- ,a ,,bruno il secolo da lui divinato qui dove il rogo arse4 --here1 where the faggots burned4 ,it makes the tears come1 for the poetic justice2 though ,i imagine ,b4 to have been a very pesky sort of a crank1 worthy of little sympathy had not the rogo done its work on him4 ,of the awful corruptions and cruelties which this place suggests there is no end4 ,our neighbors in rooms and commensaux at meals are the ,j4 ,g4 ,frazers--he of the ,golden ,bough1 ,pausanias1 and other three-and six-volume works of anthropological erudition1 ,fellow of ,trinity ,college1 ,cambridge1 and a sucking babe of humility1 unworldliness and molelike sightlessness to everything except print4444 ,he1 after ,tylor1 is the greatest authority now in ,england on the religious ideas and superstitions of primitive peoples1 and he knows nothing of psychical research and thinks that the trances1 etc41 of savage soothsayers1 oracles and the like1 are all feigned6 ,verily science is amusing6 ,but he is conscience incarnate1 and ,i have been stirring him up so that ,i imagine he will now proceed to put in big loads of work in the morbid psychological direction4 ,dear ,fanny 444 ,i can write no more this morning4 ,i hope your ,christmas is merry1 and that the new year will be happy for you all4 ,pray take our warmest love1 give it to your mother and ,mary1 and some of it to the brothers4 ,i will write better soon4 ,your ever grateful and affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,don't let up on your own writing1 so say we both6 ,your letters are pure blessings4 ,to ,james ,sully4 ,,rome1 ,mar4 #c1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,sully1--,your letter of ,feb4 #hth arrived duly and gave me much pleasure qua epistolary manifestation of sympathy1 but less qua revelation of depression on your own part4 ,i have been so floundering up and down1 now above and now below the line of bad nervous prostration1 that ,i have written no letters for three weeks past1 hoping thereby the better to accomplish certain other writing2 but the other writing had to be stopped so letters and post-cards may begin4 ,i see you take the war still very much to heart1 and ,i myself think that the blundering way in which the ,colonial ,office drove the ,dutchmen into it1 with no conception whatever of the psychological situation1 is only outdone by our still more anti-psychological blundering in the ,philippines4 ,both countries have lost their moral prestige--we far more completely than you1 because for our conduct there is literally no excuse to be made except absolute stupidity1 whilst you can make out a very fair case1 as such cases go4 ,but we can1 and undoubtedly shall1 draw back1 whereas that for an ,empire like yours seems politically impossible4 ,empire anyhow is half crime by necessity of ,nature1 and to see a country like the ,united ,states1 lucky enough to be born outside of it and its fatal traditions and inheritances1 perversely rushing to wallow in the mire of it1 shows how strong these ancient race instincts be4 ,and that is my consolation6 ,we are no worse than the best of men have ever been4 ,we are simply not superhuman2 and the loud reaction against the brutal business1 in both countries1 shows how the theory of the matter has really advanced during the last century4 ,yes6 ,h4 ,sidgwick is a sad loss1 with all his remaining philosophic wisdom unwritten4 ,i feel greatly ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers's loss also4 ,he suffered terribly with suffocation1 but bore it stunningly well4 ,he died in this very hotel1 where he had been not more than a fortnight4 ,i don't know how tolerant 7or intolerant7 you are towards his pursuits and speculations4 ,i regard them as fragmentary and conjectural--of course2 but as most laborious and praiseworthy2 and knowing how much psychologists as a rule have counted him out from their profession1 ,i have thought it my duty to write a little tribute to his service to psychology to be read on ,march #hth1 at a memorial meeting of the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 in his honor4 ,it will appear1 whether read or not1 in the ,proceedings1 and ,i hope may not appear to you exaggerated4 ,i seriously believe that the general problem of the subliminal1 as ,myers propounds it1 promises to be one of the great problems1 possibly even the greatest problem1 of psychology4444 ,we leave ,rome in three days1 booked for ,rye the first of ,april4 ,i must get into the country6 ,if ,i do more than just pass through ,london1 ,i will arrange for a meeting4 ,my ,edinburgh lectures begin early in ,may--after that ,i shall have freedom4 ,ever truly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,post-card ,,florence1 ,march #ah1 #aija4 ,thus far towards home1 thank ,heaven6 after a week at ,perugia and ,assisi4 ,glorious air1 memorable scenes4 ,made acquaintance of ,sabatier1 author of ,st4 ,francis's life--very jolly4 ,best of all1 made acquaintance with ,francis's retreat in the mountain4 ,navrant6--it makes one see medieval ,christianity face to face4 ,the lair of the individual wild animal1 and that animal the saint6 ,i hope you saw it4 ,thanks for your last letter to ,alice4 ,lots of love4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,,rye1 ,april #ac1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,schiller1--,you are showering benedictions on me4 ,i return the bulky ones1 keeping the lighter weights4 ,i think the parody on ,bradley amazingly good--if ,i had his book here ,i would probably revive my memory of his discouraged style and scribble a marginal contribution of my own4 ,he is1 really1 an extra humble-minded man1 ,i think1 but even more humble-minded about his reader than about himself1 which gives him that false air of arrogance4 ,how you concocted those epigrams1 la preface of ,b41 ,i don't see4 ,in general ,i don't see how an epigram1 being a pure bolt from the blue1 with no introduction or cue1 ever gets itself writ4 ,on the ,limericks1 as you call them1 ,i set less store1 much less4 ,if everybody is to come in for a share of allusion1 ,i am willing1 but ,i don't want my name to figure in the ghostly ballet with but few companions4 ,royce wrote a very funny thing in pedantic ,german some years ago1 purporting to be the proof by a distant-future professor that ,i was an habitual drunkard1 based on passages culled from my writings4 ,he may have it yet4 ,if ,i ever get any animal spirits again1 ,i may get warmed up1 by your example1 into making jokes1 and may then contribute4 ,but ,i beg you let this thing mull till you get a lot of matter--and then sift4 ,it's the only way4 ,but ,oxford seems a better climate for epigram than is the rest of the world4 ,i shall stay here--,i find myself much more comfortable thoracically already than when ,i came--until my ,edinburgh lectures begin on ,may #afth1 though ,i shall have to run up to ,london towards the end of the month to get some clothes made1 and to meet my son who arrives from home4 ,i much regret that it will be quite impossible for me to go either to ,oxford or ,cambridge--though1 if things took an unexpectedly good turn1 ,i might indeed do so after ,june #ahth1 when my lecture course ends4 ,do you meanwhile keep hearty and funny6 ,i stopped at ,gersau half a day and found it a sweet little place4 ,fondly yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,roxburghe ,,hotel1 ,,edinburgh1 ,may #ae1 #aija4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,you see where we are6 ,i give you the first news of life's journey being so far advanced6 ,it is a deadly enterprise1 ,i'm afraid1 with the social entanglements that lie ahead1 and ,i feel a cake of ice in my epigastrium at the prospect1 but le vin est vers1 il faut le boire1 and from the other point of view1 that it is real life beginning once more1 it is perfectly glorious1 and ,i feel as if yesterday in leaving ,london ,i had said good-bye to a rather dreadful and death-bound segment of life4 ,as regards the sociability1 it is fortunately a time of year in which only the medical part of the ,university is present4 ,the professors of the other faculties are already in large part scattered1 ,i think1--at least the two ,seths 7who are the only ones ,i directly know7 are away1 and ,i have written to the ,secretary of the ,academic ,senate1 ,sir ,ludovic ,grant of the ,law ,faculty1 that ,i am unable to dine out or attend afternoon receptions1 so we may be pretty well left alone4 ,i always hated lecturing except as regular instruction to students1 of whom there will probably be none now in the audience4 ,but to compensate1 there begins next week a big convocation here of all ministers in ,scotland1 and there will doubtless be a number of them present1 which1 considering the matter to be offered1 is probably better4 ,we had a splendid journey yesterday in an ,american 7almost67 train1 first-class1 and had the pleasure of some talk with our ,cambridge neighbor1 ,mrs4 ,ole ,bull1 on her way to ,norway to the unveiling of a monument to her husband4 ,she was accompanied by an extraordinarily fine character and mind--odd way of expressing myself6--a young ,englishwoman named ,noble1 who has ,hinduized herself 7converted by ,vivekananda to his philosophy7 and lives now for the ,hindu people4 ,these free individuals who live their own life1 no matter what domestic prejudices have to be snapped1 are on the whole a refreshing sight to me1 who can do nothing of the kind myself4 ,and ,miss ,noble#cd is a most deliberate and balanced person--no frothy enthusiast in point of character1 though ,i believe her philosophy to be more or less false4 ,perhaps no more so than anyone else's6 ,we are in one of those deadly respectable hotels where you have to ring the front-door-bell4 ,give me a cheerful1 blackguardly place like the ,charing ,cross1 where we were in ,london4 ,the ,london tailor and shirtmaker1 it being in the height of the ,season1 didn't fulfill their promises2 and as ,i sloughed my ancient cocoon at ,rye1 trusting to pick up my iridescent wings the day before yesterday in passing through the metropolis1 ,i am here with but two chemises at present 7one of them now in the wash7 and fear that tomorrow1 in spite of tailors' promises to send1 ,i may have to lecture in my pyjamas--that would give a cachet of ,american originality4 ,the weather is fine--we have just finished breakfast4 ,our son ,harry 444 and his mother will soon sally out to explore the town1 whilst ,i lie low till about noon1 when ,i shall report my presence and receive instructions from my boss1 ,grant1 and prepare to meet the storm4 ,it is astonishing how pusillanimous two years of invalidism can make one4 ,alice and ,harry both send love1 and so do ,i in heaps and steamer-loads1 dear ,fanny1 begging your mother to take of it as much as she requires for her share4 ,i will write again--doubtless--tomorrow4 ,may #ag4 ,it proved quite impossible to write to you yesterday1 so ,i do it the first thing this morning4 ,i have made my plunge and the foregoing chill has given place to the warm reaction4 ,the audience was more numerous than had been expected1 some #bej1 and exceedingly sympathetic1 laughing at everything1 even whenever ,i used a polysyllabic word4 ,i send you the ,scotsman1 with a skeleton report which might have been much worse made4 ,i am all right this morning again1 so have no doubts of putting the job through1 if only ,i don't have too much sociability4 ,i have got a week free of invitations so far1 and all things considered1 fancy that we shan't be persecuted4 ,edinburgh is surely the noblest city ever built by man4 ,the weather has been splendid so far1 and cold and bracing as the top of ,mount ,washington in early ,april4 ,everyone here speaks of it however as hot4 ,one needs fires at night and an overcoat out of the sun4 ,the full-bodied air1 half misty and half smoky1 holds the sunshine in that way which one sees only in these islands1 making the shadowy side of everything quite black1 so that all perspectives and vistas appear with objects cut blackly against each other according to their nearness1 and plane rising behind plane of flat dark relieved against flat light in ever-receding gradation4 ,it is magnificent4 ,but ,i mustn't become a ,ruskin6--the purpose of this letter being merely to acquaint you with our well-being and success so far4 ,we have found bully lodgings1 spacious to one's heart's content1 upon a cheerful square1 and actually with a book-shelf fully two feet wide and two stories high1 upon the wall1 the first we have seen for two years6 7,there were of course book-cases enough at ,lamb ,house1 but all tight packed already47 ,we now go out to take the air4 ,i feel as if a decidedly bad interlude in the journey of my life were closed1 and the real honest thing gradually beginning again4 ,love to you all6 ,your ever affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,edinburgh1 ,may #cj1 #aija4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1-- 444,beautiful as the spring is here1 the words you so often let drop about ,american weather make me homesick for that article4 ,it is blasphemous1 however1 to pine for anything when one is in ,edinburgh in ,may1 and takes an open drive every afternoon in the surrounding country by way of a constitutional4 ,the green is of the vividest1 splendid trees and acres1 and the air itself an object1 holding watery vapor1 tenuous smoke1 and ancient sunshine in solution1 so as to yield the most exquisite minglings and gradations of silvery brown and blue and pearly gray4 ,as for the city1 its vistas are magnificent4 ,we are combls with civilities1 which ,harry and ,alice are to a certain extent enjoying1 though ,i have to hang back and spend much of the time between my lectures in bed1 to rest off the aortic distress which that operation gives4 ,i call it aortic because it feels like that1 but ,i can get no information from the ,drs41 so ,i won't swear ,i'm right4 ,my heart1 under the influence of that magical juice1 tincture of digitalis1--only #f drops daily1--is performing beautifully and gives no trouble at all4 ,the audiences grow instead of dwindling1 and in spite of rain1 being about #cjj and just crowding the room4 ,they sit as still as death and then applaud magnificently1 so ,i am sure the lectures are a success4 ,previous ,gifford lectures have had audiences beginning with #fj and dwindling to #ae4 ,in an hour and a half 7,i write this in bed7 ,i shall be beginning the fifth lecture1 which will1 when finished1 put me half way through the arduous job4 ,i know you will relish these details1 which please pass on to ,jim ,p4 ,i would send you the reports in the ,scotsman1 but they distort so much by their sham continuity with vast omission 7the reporters get my ,,ms471 that the result is caricature4 ,edinburgh is spiritually much like ,boston1 only stronger and with more temperament in the people4 ,but we're all growing into much of a sameness everywhere4 ,i have dined out once--an almost fatal experiment6 ,i was introduced to ,lord ,somebody3 ,how often do you lecture8--,twice a week4--,what do you do between8--play golf8 ,another invitation3 ,come at #f--the dinner at #g4cj--;and we can walk or play bowls till dinner so as not to fatigue you--,i having pleaded my delicacy of constitution4 ,i rejoice in the prospect of ,booker ,w4's#ce book1 and thank your mother heartily4 ,my mouth had been watering for just that volume4 ,autobiographies take the cake4 ,i mean to read nothing else4 ,strange to say1 ,i am now for the first time reading ,marie ,bashkirtseff4 ,it takes hold of me tremenjus4 ,i feel as if ,i had lived inside of her1 and in spite of her hatefulness1 esteem and even like her for her incorruptible way of telling the truth4 ,i have not seen ,huxley's life yet4 ,it must be delightful1 only ,i can't agree to what seems to be becoming the conventionally accepted view of him1 that he possessed the exclusive specialty of living for the truth4 ,a good deal of humbug about that6--at least when it becomes a professional and heroic attitude4 ,your base remark about ,aguinaldo is clean forgotten1 if ever heard4 ,i know you wouldn't harm the poor man1 who1 unless ,malay human nature is weaker than human nature elsewhere1 has pretty surely some surprises up his sleeve for us yet4 ,best love to you all4 ,your affectionate ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin4 ,,edinburgh1 ,june #af1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,rankin1--,i have received all your letters and missives1 inclusive of the letter which you think ,i must have lost1 some months back4 ,i professor-ed you because ,i had read your name printed with that title in a newspaper letter from ,east ,northfield1 and supposed that1 by courtesy at any rate1 that title was conferred on you by a public opinion to which ,i liked to conform4 ,i have given nine of my lectures and am to give the tenth tomorrow4 ,they have been a success1 to judge by the numbers of the audience 7#cjj-odd7 and their non-diminution towards the end4 ,no previous ,giffords have drawn near so many4 ,it will please you to know that ,i am stronger and tougher than when ,i began1 too2 so a great load is off my mind4 ,you have been so extraordinarily brotherly to me in writing of your convictions and in furnishing me ideas1 that ,i feel ashamed of my churlish and chary replies4 ,you1 however1 have forgiven me4 ,now1 at the end of this first course1 ,i feel my matter taking firmer shape1 and it will please you less to hear me say that ,i believe myself to be 7probably7 permanently incapable of believing the ,christian scheme of vicarious salvation1 and wedded to a more continuously evolutionary mode of thought4 ,the reasons you from time to time have given me1 never better expressed than in your letter before the last1 have somehow failed to convince4 ,in these lectures the ground ,i am taking is this3 ,the mother sea and fountain-head of all religions lie in the mystical experiences of the individual1 taking the word mystical in a very wide sense4 ,all theologies and all ecclesiasticisms are secondary growths superimposed2 and the experiences make such flexible combinations with the intellectual prepossessions of their subjects1 that one may almost say that they have no proper intellectual deliverance of their own1 but belong to a region deeper1 and more vital and practical1 than that which the intellect inhabits4 ,for this they are also indestructible by intellectual arguments and criticisms4 ,i attach the mystical or religious consciousness to the possession of an extended subliminal self1 with a thin partition through which messages make irruption4 ,we are thus made convincingly aware of the presence of a sphere of life larger and more powerful than our usual consciousness1 with which the latter is nevertheless continuous4 ,the impressions and impulsions and emotions and excitements which we thence receive help us to live1 they found invincible assurance of a world beyond the sense1 they melt our hearts and communicate significance and value to everything and make us happy4 ,they do this for the individual who has them1 and other individuals follow him4 ,religion in this way is absolutely indestructible4 ,philosophy and theology give their conceptual interpretations of this experiential life4 ,the farther margin of the subliminal field being unknown1 it can be treated as by ,transcendental ,idealism1 as an ,absolute mind with a part of which we coalesce1 or by ,christian theology1 as a distinct deity acting on us4 ,something1 not our immediate self1 does act on our life6 ,so ,i seem doubtless to my audience to be blowing hot and cold1 explaining away ,christianity1 yet defending the more general basis from which ,i say it proceeds4 ,i fear that these brief words may be misleading1 but let them go6 ,when the book comes out1 you will get a truer idea4 ,believe me1 with profound regards1 your always truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton4 ,,rye1 ,june #bf1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,charles ,,norton1--,your delightful letter of ,june #ast has added one more item to my debt of gratitude to you2 and now that the ,edinburgh strain is over1 ,i can sit down and make you a reply a little more adequate than heretofore has been possible4 ,the lectures went off most successfully1 and though ,i got tired enough1 ,i feel that ,i am essentially tougher and stronger for the old familiar functional activity4 ,my tone is changed immensely1 and that is the main point4 ,to be actually earning one's salt again1 after so many months of listless waiting and wondering whether such a thing will ever again become possible1 puts a new heart into one1 and ,i now look towards the future with aggressive and hopeful eyes again1 though perhaps not with quite the cannibalistic ones of the youth of the new century4 ,edinburgh is great4 ,a strong broad city1 and1 in its spiritual essence1 almost exactly feeling to me like old ,boston1 nuclear ,boston1 though on a larger1 more important scale4 ,people were very friendly1 but we had to dodge invitations--hoffentlich ,i may be able to accept more of them next year4 ,the audience was extraordinarily attentive and reactive--,i never had an audience so keen to catch every point4 ,i flatter myself that by blowing alternately hot and cold on their ,christian prejudices ,i succeeded in baffling them completely till the final quarter-hour1 when ,i satisfied their curiosity by showing more plainly my hand4 ,then1 ,i think1 ,i permanently dissatisfied both extremes1 and pleased a mean numerically quite small4 ,qui vivra verra4 ,london seemed curiously profane and free-and-easy1 not exactly shabby1 but go-as-you-please1 in aspect1 as we came down five days ago4 ,since then ,i spent a day with poor ,mrs4 ,myers4444 ,i mailed you yesterday a notice ,i wrote in ,rome of him4#cf ,he looms upon me after death more than he did in life1 and ,i think that his forthcoming book about ,human ,personality will probably rank hereafter as epoch-making4 ,at ,london ,i saw ,theodora ,sedgwick and the ,w4 ,darwins4 ,theodora was as good and genial as ever1 and ,sara ,darwin looked1 ,i thought1 wonderfully distinguished and wonderfully little changed considering the length of intervening years and the advance of the ,enemy4 ,i was too tired to look up ,leslie ,stephen1 or anyone else save ,mrs4 ,john ,bancroft when in ,london1 although ,i wanted much to see ,l4 ,s4 ,the first volume of his ,utilitarians seems to me a wonderfully spirited performance--,i haven't yet got at the other two4 ,i am hoping to get off to ,nauheim tomorrow1 leaving ,alice and ,harry to follow a little later4 ,i confess that the ,continent draws me again4 ,i don't know whether it be the essential identity of soul that expresses itself in ,english things1 and makes them seem known by heart already and intellectually dead and unexciting1 or whether it is the singular lack of visible sentiment in ,england1 and absence of charm1 or the oppressive ponderosity and superfluity and prominence of the unnecessary1 or what it is1 but ,i'm blest if ,i ever wish to be in ,england again4 ,any continental country whatever stimulates and refreshes vastly more1 in spite of so much strong picturesqueness here1 and so beautiful a ,nature4 ,england is ungracious1 unamiable and heavy2 whilst the ,continent is everywhere light and amiably quaint1 even where it is ugly1 as in many elements it is in ,germany4 ,to tell the truth1 ,i long to steep myself in ,america again and let the broken rootlets make new adhesions to the native soil4 ,a man coquetting with too many countries is as bad as a bigamist1 and loses his soul altogether4 ,i suppose you are at ,ashfield and ,i hope surrounded1 or soon to be so1 by more children than of late1 and all well and happy4 ,don't feel too bad about the country4 ,we've thrown away our old privileged and prerogative position among the nations1 but it only showed we were less sincere about it than we supposed we were4 ,the eternal fight of liberalism has now to be fought by us on much the same terms as in the older countries4 ,we have still the better chance in our freedom from all the corrupting influences from on top from which they suffer4--,good-bye and love from both of us1 to you all4 ,yours ever faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,nathaniel ,s4 ,shaler4 #aija8 ,,dear ,,shaler1--,being a man of methodical sequence in my reading1 which in these days is anyhow rather slower than it used to be1 ,i have only just got at your book4#cg ,once begun1 it slipped along like a novel1 and ,i must confess to you that it leaves a good taste behind2 in fact a sort of haunting flavor due to its individuality1 which ,i find it hard to explain or define4 ,to begin with1 it doesn't seem exactly like you1 but rather like some quiet and conscientious old passive contemplator of life1 not bristling as you are with points1 and vivacity4 ,its light is dampened and suffused--and all the better perhaps for that4 ,then it is essentially a confession of faith and a religious attitude--which one doesn't get so much from you upon the street1 although even there 'tis clear that you have that within which passeth show4 ,the optimism and healthy-mindedness are yours through and through1 so is the wide imagination4 ,but the moderate and non-emphatic way of putting things is not2 nor is the absence of any ,american humor4 ,so ,i don't know just when or where or how you wrote it4 ,i can't place it in the ,museum or ,university ,hall4 ,probably it was in ,quincy ,street1 and in a sort of ,piperio-,armadan trance6 ,anyhow it is a sincere book1 and tremendously impressive by the gravity and dignity and peacefulness with which it suggests rather than proclaims conclusions on these eternal themes4 ,no more than you can ,i believe that death is due to selection2 yet ,i wish you had framed some hypothesis as to the physico-chemical necessity thereof1 or discussed such hypotheses as have been made4 ,i think you deduce a little too easily from the facts the existence of a general guiding tendency toward ends like those which our mind sets4 ,we never know what ends may have been kept from realization1 for the dead tell no tales4 ,the surviving witness would in any case1 and whatever he were1 draw the conclusion that the universe was planned to make him and the like of him succeed1 for it actually did so4 ,but your argument that it is millions to one that it didn't do so by chance doesn't apply4 ,it would apply if the witness had prexisted in an independent form and framed his scheme1 and then the world had realized it4 ,such a coincidence would prove the world to have a kindred mind to his4 ,but there has been no such coincidence4 ,the world has come but once2 the witness is there after the fact and simply approves1 dependently4 ,as ,i understand improbability1 it only exists where independents coincide4 ,where only one fact is in question1 there is no relation of probability at all4 ,i think1 therefore1 that the excellences we have reached and now approve may be due to no general design but merely to a succession of the short designs we actually know of1 taking advantage of opportunity1 and adding themselves together from point to point4 ,we are all you say we are1 as heirs2 we are a mystery of condensation1 and yet of extrication and individuation1 and we must worship the soil we have so wonderfully sprung from4 ,yet ,i don't think we are necessitated to worship it as the ,theists do1 in the shape of one all-inclusive and all-operative designing power1 but rather like polytheists1 in the shape of a collection of beings who have each contributed and are now contributing to the realization of ideals more or less like those for which we live ourselves4 ,this more pluralistic style of feeling seems to me both to allow of a warmer sort of loyalty to our past helpers1 and to tally more exactly with the mixed condition in which we find the world as to its ideals4 ,what if we did come where we are by chance1 or by mere fact1 with no one general design8 ,what is gained1 is gained1 all the same4 ,as to what may have been lost1 who knows of it1 in any case8 or whether it might not have been much better than what came8 ,but if it might1 that need not prevent us from building on what we have4 ,there are lots of impressive passages in the book1 which certainly will live and be an influence of a high order4 ,chapters #h1 #aj1 #ad1 #ae have struck me most particularly4 ,i gave at ,edinburgh two lectures on ,the ,religion of ,healthy-,mindedness1 contrasting it with that of the sick soul4 ,i shall soon have to quote your book as a healthy-minded document of the first importance1 though ,i believe myself that the sick soul must have its say1 and probably carries authority too4444 ,ever yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,nauheim1 ,july #aj1 #aija4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,your letter of ,june #bhth comes just as ,i was working myself up to a last ,european farewell to you1 anyhow1 the which has far more instigative spur now1 with your magnificent effusion in my hands4 ,dear ,fanny1 whatever you do1 don't die before our return6 ,in these two short years so many of my best friends have been mown down1 that ,i feel uncertainty everywhere1 and gasp till the interval is over4 ,john ,ropes1 ,henry ,sidgwick1 ,f4 ,myers1 ,t4 ,davidson1 ,carroll ,everett1 ,edward ,hooper1 ,john ,fiske1 all intimate and valuable1 some of them extremely so1 and the circle grows ever smaller and will grow so to the end of one's own life4 ,now comes ,whitman1 whom ,i never knew very well1 but whom ,i always liked thoroughly1 and wish ,i had known better4444 ,it will be interesting to know what new turn it will give to ,s4 ,w4's existence4 ,i haven't the least idea how it will affect her outward life4 ,doubtless she will be freer to come abroad2 but ,i hope and trust she will not be taking to staying any time in ,london or ,paris1 in the brutal cynical atmosphere of which places her little eagerness and efflorescences and cordialities would receive no such sympathetic treatment as they do with us1 until she had stayed long enough for people to know her thoroughly and conquered a position by living down the first impression4 ,nothing so anti-,english as ,s4 ,w4's whole sphere4 ,so keep her at home--with occasional sallies abroad2 and if she must ever winter abroad1 let it be in delightful slipshod old ,rome6 ,all which1 as you perceive1 is somewhat confidential4 ,i trust that the present failure of health with her is something altogether transient1 and that she will keep swimming long after everyone else has put into shore4 ,which simile reminds me of ,mrs4 ,holmes's panel1 with its superb inscription4#ch ,what a sense she has for such things6 and how ,i thank you for quoting it6 ,with your and her permission1 ,i shall make a vital use of it in a future book4 ,it sums up the attitude towards life of a good philosophic pluralist1 and that is what1 in my capacity of author of that book1 ,i am to be4 ,i thank you also for the reference to ,i ,corinthians1 #a1 #bh1 etc4#ci ,i had never expressly noticed that text2 but it will make the splendidest motto for ,myers's two posthumous volumes1 and ,i am going to write to ,mrs4 ,myers to suggest the same4 ,i thank you also for your sympathetic remarks about my paper on ,myers4 ,fifty or a hundred years hence1 people will know better than now whether his instinct for truth was a sound one2 and perhaps will then pat me on the back for backing him4 ,at present they give us the cold shoulder4 ,we are righter1 in any event1 than the ,mnsterbergs and ,jastrows are1 because we don't undertake1 as a condition of our investigating phenomena1 to bargain with them that they shan't upset our presuppositions4 ,it is a beautiful summer morning1 and ,i write under an awning on the high-perched corner balcony of the bedroom in which we live1 of a corner house on the edge of the little town1 with houses on the west of us and the fertile country spreading towards the east and south4 ,a lovely region1 though a climate terribly flat4 ,i expect to take my last bath today1 and to get my absolution from the terrible ,schott2 whereupon we shall leave tomorrow morning for ,strassburg and the ,vosges1 for a week of touring up in higher air1 and thence1 ber ,paris1 as straight as may be for ,rye4 ,i keep in a state of subliminal excitement over our sailing on the #cast4 ,it seems too good to be really possible4 ,yet the ratchet of time will work along its daily cogs1 and doubtless bring it safe within our grasp4 ,last year ,i felt no distinctly beneficial effect from the baths4 ,this year it is distinct4 ,i have1 in other words1 continued pretty steadily getting better for four months past2 so it is evident that ,i am in a genuinely ameliorative phase of my existence1 of which the acquired momentum may carry me beyond any living man of my age4 ,at any rate1 ,i set no limits now6 ,when we return ,i shall go straight up to ,chocorua to the ,salters'4 ,what ,i crave most is some wild ,american country4 ,it is a curious organic-feeling need4 ,one's social relations with ,european landscape are entirely different1 everything being so fenced or planted that you can't lie down and sprawl4 ,kipling1 alluding to the bleeding raw appearance of some of our outskirt settlements1 says1 ,americans don't mix much with their landscape as yet4 ,but we mix a darned sight more than ,europeans1 so far as our individual organisms go1 with our camping and general wild-animal personal relations4 ,thank ,heaven that our ,nature is so much less redeemed6444 ,you see1 ,fanny1 that we are in good spirits on the whole1 although my poor dear ,alice has long sick-headaches that consume a good many days--she is just emerging from a bad one4 ,happiness1 ,i have lately discovered1 is no positive feeling1 but a negative condition of freedom from a number of restrictive sensations of which our organism usually seems to be the seat4 ,when they are wiped out1 the clearness and cleanness of the contrast is happiness4 ,this is why anesthetics make us so happy4 ,but don't you take to drink on that account6 ,love to your mother1 ,mary1 and all4 ,write to us no more4 ,how happy that responsibility gone must make you6 ,we both send warmest love1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,post-card ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,july #aa1 #aija4 ,your letter and paper1 with the shock of ,john ,fiske's death1 came yesterday4 ,it is too bad1 for he had lots of good work in him yet1 and is a loss to ,american letters as well as to his family4 ,singularly simple1 solid1 honest creature1 he will be hugely missed by many6 ,everybody seems to be going6 ,we stay4 ,life here is absolutely monotonous1 but very sweet4 ,the country is so innocently pretty4 ,i sit up here on a terrace-restaurant1 looking down on park and town1 with the leaves playing in the warm breeze above me1 and the little ,gothic town of ,friedberg only a mile off1 in the midst of the great fertile plain all chequer-boarded with the different tinted crops and framed in a far-off horizon of low hills and woods4 ,alice and ,harry1 kept in by the heat1 come later4 ,he went for a distant walk yesterday ,p4,m4 and1 not returning till near eleven1 we thought he might have got lost in the woods4 ,yale beat the ,university race1 but ,bill's four-oared crew beat the ,yale four4 ,on such things is human contentment based4 ,the baths stir up my aortic feeling and make me depressed1 but ,i've had #f of them1 and the rest will pass quickly4 ,love4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,july #be1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,godkin1--,yours of the #ith1 which came duly1 gave me great pleasure1 first because it showed that your love for me had not grown cold1 and1 second1 because it seemed to reveal in you tendencies towards sociability at large which are incompatible with a very alarming condition of health4 ,nothing can give us greater pleasure than to come and see you before we sail4 ,we shall stick here1 probably1 for a fortnight longer1 then go for a week to the ,hartz mountains to brace up a little--the baths being very debilitating and the air of ,nauheim sedative4 ,then straight to ,rye until we sail--on ,august #cast4 ,i hope that you enjoy the ,new ,forest--the ,children thereof1 by ,capt4 ,mayne ,reid1 ,i think1 was one of my most mysteriously impressive books about the age of ten4 ,but ,i fear that there is not much primeval forest to be seen there nowadays4 ,nauheim is a sweet little place4 ,one never sees a soldier and wouldn't know that ,militarismus existed4 ,there are two policemen1 one of them an old fellow of #gj who shuffles along to keep his weak knees from giving way4 ,i went on business to the police office t' other day4 ,the building stood in a fine cabbage garden1 and over the first door one met on entering stood the word ,kche#dj in large letters4 ,quite like the old idyllic pre-,sadowan ,german days4 ,my heart is getting well6 ,i made an excursion to ,homburg yesterday1 with ,j4 ,b4 ,warner of ,cambridge1 counsellor at law1 and general disputant4 ,for about six hours we discussed the ,philippine question1 he damning the anti-,imperialists--yet my thoracic contents remained as solid as if cast in ,portland cement4 ,six months ago ,i should have had the wildest commotion there4 ,congratulate me6 ,kindest regards to you both1 in which my wife joins4 ,yours ever affectionately1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,it should perhaps be explained that ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin had had a cerebral hemorrhage the year before4 ,it had left him clear in mind1 but a permanent invalid1 with little power of locomotion4 ,james spent several days with him at ,castle ,malwood near ,stony ,cross before he sailed for home2 and when he was in ,england again the next year1 he repeated the visit4 ,illustration3 ,william ,james and ,henry ,james posing for a ,kodak in #aijj4 ,to ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,aug4 #bi1 #aija4 ,,my ,,dear ,,godkin1--,just a line to bid you both farewell6 ,we leave for ,london tomorrow morning and at four on ,saturday we shall be ploughing the deep4 ,all goes well1 save that the wife has sprained her ankle1 and with the firmness that characterizes her lovely sex insists on hobbling about and doing all the packing4 ,i shan't be aisy till ,i see her in her berth4 ,after all1 in spite of you and ,henry1 and all ,americo-phobes1 ,i'm glad ,i'm going back to my own country again4 ,notwithstanding its humbleness1 its fatigues1 and its complications1 there's no place like home--though ,i think the ,new ,forest might come near it as a substitute4 ,england in general is too padded and cushioned for my rustic taste4 ,the most elevating moral thing ,i've seen during these two years abroad1 after ,myers's heroic exit from this world at ,rome last winter1 has been the gentleness and cheerful spirit with which you are still able to remain in it after such a blow as you have received4 ,who could suppose so much public ferocity to cover so much private sweetness8 ,seriously speaking1 it is more edifying to us others1 dear ,godkin1 than you yourself can understand it to be1 and ,i for one have learned by the example4 ,i pray that your winter problems may gradually solve themselves without perplexity1 and that next spring may find you relieved of all this helplessness4 ,it is a very slow progress1 with many steps backwards1 but if the length of the forward steps preponderates1 one may be well content4 ,good-bye and bless you both4 ,affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,james returned to ,america in early ,september1 in advance of the beginning of the ,college term4 ,but from this time on he limited his teaching to one half-course during the year4 ,his intention was to husband his strength for writing4 ,the course which he offered during the first half of the ,college year was accordingly announced as a course on ,the ,psychological ,elements of ,religious ,life4 ,by the end of the winter1 the second series of ,gifford lectures1 constituting the last half of the ,varieties1 had been written out4 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,silver ,,lake1 ,n4 ,h41 ,sept4 #ad1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,pauline1--,your kind letter 7excuse pencil--pen won't write7 appears to have reached ,london after our departure and has just followed us hither4 ,i had hoped for a word from you1 first at ,nauheim1 then on the steamer1 then at ,cambridge2 but this makes everything right4 ,how good to think of you as the same old loveress of woods and skies and waters1 and of your ,bryn-,mawr friends4 ,may none of the lot of you ever grow insufficient or forsake each other6 ,the sight of you sporting in ,nature's bosom once lifted me into a sympathetic region1 and made a better boy of me in ways which it would probably amuse and surprise you to learn of1 so strangely are characters useful to each other1 and so subtly are destinies intermixed4 ,but with you on the mountain-tops of existence still1 and me apparently destined to remain grubbing in the cellar1 we seem far enough apart at present and may have to remain so4 ,alas6 how brief is life's glory1 at the best4 ,i can't get to ,keene ,valley this year1 and may possibly never get there4 ,give a kindly thought1 my friend1 to the spectre who once for a few times trudged by your side1 and who would do so again if he could4 ,i'm a motor1 and morally ill-adapted to the game of patience4 ,i have reached home in pretty poor case1 but ,i think it's mainly nerves at present1 and therefore remediable2 so ,i live on the future1 but keep my expectations modest4 ,two years away has been too long1 and the strangeness which ,i dreaded 7from past experience of it7 covers all things ,american as with a veil4 ,pathetic and poverty-stricken is all ,i see6 ,this will pass away1 but ,i don't want good things to pass away also1 so ,i beseech you1 ,pauline1 to sit down and write me a good intimate letter telling me what your life and interest were in ,new ,york last winter4 ,i am very sorry to hear of your sister ,susan's illness1 and pray that the summer will set her right4 ,did you see much of ,miller this summer8 ,i hate to think of his having grown so delicate6 ,did you see ,perry again8 ,he was at the ,putnam ,camp8 ,how is ,adler after his ,cur8--or is he not yet back8 ,what have you read8 ,what have you cared for8 ,be indulgent to me1 and write to me here--,i stay for #aj days longer--the family--all well--remain in ,cambridge4 ,i find letters a great thing to keep one from slipping out of life4 ,love to you all6 ,your ,w4 ,j4 ,the next letter was written across the back of a circular invitation to join the ,american ,philosophical ,association1 then being formed1 of which ,professor ,gardiner was ,secretary4 ,to ,h4 ,n4 ,gardiner4 ,cambridge1 ,nov4 #ad1 #aija4 ,,dear ,,gardiner1--,i am still pretty poorly and can't jine anything--but1 apart from that1 ,i don't foresee much good from a ,philosophical ,society4 ,philosophical discussion proper only succeeds between intimates who have learned how to converse by months of weary trials and failure4 ,the philosopher is a lone beast dwelling in his individual burrow4--,count me out6--,i hope all goes well with you4 ,i expect to get well1 but it needs patience4 ,wm4 ,james4 ,on ,april #a1 #aijb1 ,james sailed for ,england1 to deliver the second course of his series of ,gifford ,lectures in ,edinburgh4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,,hatley ,,st4 ,,george1 ,,torquay1 ,apr4 #bj1 #aijb4 ,,my ,,dear ,,schiller1--,i could shed tears that you should have been so near me and yet been missed4 ,i got your big envelope on ,thursday at the hotel1 and your two other missives here this morning4 ,of the ,axioms paper ,i have only read a sheet and a half at the beginning and the superb conclusion which has just arrived4 ,i shall fairly gloat upon the whole of it1 and will write you my impressions and criticisms1 if criticisms there be4 ,it is an uplifting thought that truth is to be told at last in a radical and attention-compelling manner4 ,i think ,i know1 though1 how the attention of many will find a way not to be compelled--their will is so set on having a technically and artificially and professionally expressed system1 that all talk carried on as yours is on principles of common-sense activity is as remote and little worthy of being listened to as the slanging each other of boys in the street as we pass4 ,men disdain to notice that4 ,it is only after our 7i4e4 your and my7 general way of thinking gets organized enough to become a regular part of the bureaucracy of philosophy that we shall get a serious hearing4 ,then1 ,i feel inwardly convinced1 our day will have come4 ,but then1 you may well say1 the brains will be out and the man will be dead4 ,anyhow1 vive the ,anglo-,saxon amateur1 disciple of ,locke and ,hume1 and pereat the ,german professional6 ,we are here for a week with the ,godkins--poor old ,g41 once such a power1 and now an utter wreck after a stroke of paralysis three years ago4 ,beautiful place1 southeast gale1 volleying rain and streaming panes and volumes of soft sea-laden wind4 ,i hope you are not serious about an ,oxford degree for your humble servant4 ,if you are1 pray drop the thought6 ,i am out of the race for all such vanities4 ,write me a degree on parchment and send it yourself--in any case it would be but your award6--and it will be cheaper and more veracious4 ,i had to take the ,edinburgh one1 and accepted the ,durham one to please my wife4 ,thank you1 no coronation either6 ,i am a poor ,new ,hampshire rustic1 in bad health1 and long to get back1 after four summers' absence1 to my own cottage and children1 and never come away again for lectures or degrees or anything else4 ,it all depends on a man's age2 and after sixty1 if ever1 one feels as if one ought to come to some sort of equilibrium with one's native environment1 and by means of a regular life get one's small message to mankind on paper4 ,that nowadays is my only aspiration4 ,the ,gifford lectures are all facts and no philosophy--,i trust that you may receive the volume by the middle of ,june4 ,when1 oh1 when is your volume to appear8 ,the sheet you send me leaves off just at the point where ,boyle-,gibson begins to me to be most interesting6 ,ever fondly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,your ancient ,president1 ,schurman1 was also at ,edinburgh getting ,,ll4,d'd4 ,he is conducting a campaign in favor of ,philippino independence with masterly tactics1 which reconcile me completely to him1 laying his finger on just the right and telling points4 ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,,rye1 ,may #d1 #aijb4 ,,dear ,,norton1--,i hear with grief and concern that you have had a bad fall4 ,in a letter received this morning you are described as better1 so ,i hope it will have had no untoward consequences beyond the immediate shock4 ,we need you long to abide with us in undiminished vigor and health4 ,our voyage was smooth1 though cloudy1 and we found ,miss ,ward a very honest and lovable girl4 ,henry ,d4 ,lloyd1 whose name you know as that of a state-socialist writer1 sat opposite to us1 and proved one of the most winning men it was ever my fortune to know4 ,we went to ,stratford for the first time4 ,the absolute extermination and obliteration of every record of ,shakespeare save a few sordid material details1 and the general suggestion of narrowness and niggardliness which ancient ,stratford makes1 taken in comparison with the way in which the spiritual quantity ,shakespeare has mingled into the soul of the world1 was most uncanny1 and ,i feel ready to believe in almost any mythical story of the authorship4 ,in fact a visit to ,stratford now seems to me the strongest appeal a ,baconian can make4 ,the country round about was exquisite4 ,still more so the country round about ,torquay1 where we stayed with the ,godkins for eight days--he holding his own1 as it seemed to me1 but hardly improving1 she earning palms of glory by her strength and virtue4 ,a regular little trump6 ,they have taken for the next two months the most beautiful country place ,i ever saw1 occupying an elbow of the ,dart1 and commanding a view up and down4 ,we are here for but a week1 my lectures beginning on the #acth4 ,h4 ,j4 seems tranquil and happy in his work1 though he has been much pestered of late by gout4 ,i suppose you are rejoicing as much as ,i in the public interest finally aroused in the ,philippine conquest4 ,a personal scandal1 it seems1 is really the only thing that will wake the ordinary man's attention up4 ,it should be the first aim of every good leader of opinion to rake up one on the opposite side4 ,it should be introduced among our ,faculty methods6 ,don't think1 dear ,norton1 that you must answer this letter1 which only your accident has made me write4 ,we shall be home so soon that ,i shall see you face to face4 ,the wife sends love1 as ,i do1 to you all4 ,no warm weather whatever as yet--,i am having chilblains66 ,ever affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,r4,m4,s4 ,,ivernia1 ,june #ah1 #aijb4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,whitman1--,we ought to be off ,boston tonight4 ,after a cold and wet voyage1 including two days of head-gale and heavy sea1 and one of unbroken fog with lugubriously moo-ing fog-horn1 the sun has risen upon ,american weather1 a strong west wind like champagne1 blowing out of a saturated blue sky right in our teeth1 the sea all effervescing and sparkling with white caps and lace1 the strong sun lording it in the sky1 and hope presiding in the heart4 ,what more natural than to report all this happy turn of affairs to you1 buried as you probably still are in the blankets of the ,london atmosphere1 beautiful opalescent blankets though they be1 and 7when one's vitals once are acclimated7 yielding more wonderful artistic effects than anything to be seen in ,america4 ,c'est le pays de la couleur1 as my brother is fond of saying in the words of ,alphonse ,daudet6 ,but no matter for international comparisons1 which are the least profitable of human employments4 ,christ died for us all1 so let us all be as we are1 save where we want to reform ourselves4 7,the only unpardonable crime is that of wanting to reform one another1 after the fashion of the ,u4 ,s4 in the ,philippines47 444 ,your sweet letter of several dates reached us just before we left ,edinburgh--excuse the insipid adjective sweet1 which after all does express something which less simple vocables may easily miss--and gave an impression of harmony and inner health which it warms the heart to become sensible of4 ,i understand your temptation to stay over1 but ,i also understand your temptation to get back2 and ,i imagine that more and more you will solve the problem by a good deal of alternation in future years4 ,it is curious how utterly distinct the three countries of ,england1 ,ireland and ,scotland are1 which we so summarily lump together--,scotland so democratic and so much like ,new ,england in many respects4 ,but it would be a waste of time for you to go there4 ,keep to the ,south and spend one winter in ,rome1 before you die1 and a spring in the smaller ,italian cities6 ,i hope that ,henry will have managed to get you and ,miss ,tuckerman to ,rye for a day--it is so curiously quaint and characteristic4 ,i had a bad conscience about leaving him1 for ,i think he feels lonely as he grows old1 and friends pass over to the majority4 ,he and ,i are so utterly different in all our observances and springs of action1 that we can't rightly judge each other4 ,i even feel great shrinking from urging him to pay us a visit1 fearing it might yield him little besides painful shocks--and1 after all1 what besides pain and shock is the right reaction for anyone to make upon our vocalization and pronunciation8 ,the careful consonants and musical cadences of the ,scotchwomen were such a balm to the ear6 ,i wish that you and poor ,henry could become really intimate4 ,he is at bottom a very tender-hearted and generous being6 ,no more paper6 so ,i cross6 ,i wish when we once get settled again at ,chocorua that we might enclose you under our roof1 even if only for one night1 on your way to or from the ,merrimans4 ,i should like to show you true simplicity4 ,no signature4 ,the ,gifford ,lectures were published as ,the ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 a ,study in ,human ,nature1 in ,june1 #aijb4 ,the immediate popularity of this psychological survey of man's religious propensities was great2 and the continued sales of the book contributed not a little to relieve ,james of financial anxiety during the last years of his life4 ,the cordiality with which theological journals and private correspondents of many creeds greeted the ,varieties1 as containing a fair treatment of facts which other writers had approached with a sectarian or anti-theological bias1 was striking4 ,james was amused at being told that the book had supplied the protestant pulpits with sermons for a twelve-month4 ,regarding himself as a most protestant protestant1 as he once said1 he was especially pleased by the manner in which it was received by ,roman ,catholic reviewers4 ,certain philosophical conclusions were indicated broadly in the ,varieties without being elaborated4 ,the book was a survey1 an examination1 of the facts4 ,james had originally conceived of the ,gifford appointment as giving him an opportunity for a certain amount of psychology and a certain amount of metaphysics1 and so had thought of making the first series of lectures descriptive of man's religious propensities and the second series a metaphysical study of their satisfaction through philosophy4 ,the psychological material had grown to unforeseen dimensions1 and it ended by filling the book4 ,the metaphysical study remained to be elaborated2 and to such work ,james now turned4 ,,xiv #aijb-aije ,the ,last ,period 7,i7--,philosophical ,writing--,statements of ,religious ,relief ,,james now limited his teaching in ,harvard ,university1 as has been said1 to half a course a year and tried to devote his working energies to formulating a statement of his philosophical conceptions4 ,for two years he published almost nothing2 then the essays which were subsequently collected in the volumes called ,pragmatism1 ,the ,pluralistic ,universe1 ,the ,meaning of ,truth1 and ,essays in ,radical ,empiricism1 began to appear in the philosophic journals1 or were delivered as special lectures4 ,whenever he accepted invitations to lecture outside the ,college1 as he still did occasionally1 it was with the purpose of getting these conceptions expressed and of throwing them into the arena of discussion4 ,but demands which correspondents and callers from all parts of the globe now made on his time and sympathy were formidable1 for he could not rid himself of the habit of treating the most trivial of these with consideration1 or acquire the habit of using a secretary4 ,in this way there continued to be a constant drain on his strength4 ,it is probably difficult thus he wrote wearily to ,mr4 ,lutoslawski1 who had begged him to collaborate with him on a book in #aijd for a man whose cerebral machine works with such facility as yours does to imagine the kind of consciousness of men like ,flournoy and myself4 ,the background of my consciousness1 so far as my own achievements go1 is composed of a sense of impossibility--a sense well warranted by the facts4 ,for instance1 two years ago1 the ',varieties' being published1 ,i decided that everything was cleared and that my duty was immediately to begin writing my metaphysical system4 ,up to last ,october1 when the academic year began1 ,i had written some #bjj pages of notes1 i4e4 disconnected brouillons4 ,i hoped this year to write #djj or #ejj pages of straight composition1 and could have done so without the interruptions4 ,as a matter of fact1 with the best will in the world1 ,i have written exactly #cb pages6 ,for an academic year's work1 that is not brilliant6 ,you see that1 when ,i refuse your request1 it is1 after a fashion1 in order to save my own life4 ,my working day is anyhow1 at best1 only three hours long--by working ,i mean writing and reading philosophy4 ,this estimate of his notes was1 as always1 self-deprecatory2 but there was no denying a great measure of truth to the statement4 ,frequently his health made it necessary for him to escape from ,cambridge and his desk4 ,these incidents will be noted separately wherever the context requires4 ,yet in spite of these difficulties and notwithstanding his complaints of constant frustration1 the spirit with which ,james still did his work emerges from the essays of this time as well as from his letters4 ,it was as if the years that had preceded had been years of preparation for just what he was now doing4 ,at the age of sixty-three he turned to the formulation of his empirical philosophy with the eagerness of a schoolboy let out to play4 ,misunderstanding disturbed him only momentarily1 opposition stimulated him1 he rejoiced openly in the controversies which he provoked1 and engaged in polemics with the good humor and vigor that were the essence of his genius4 ,his truth must prevail6 the ,absolute should suffer its death-blow6 ,flournoy1 ,bergson1 ,schiller1 ,papini1 and others too were on his side4 ,he made merry at the expense of his critics1 or bewailed the perversity of their opposition2 but he always encouraged them to lay on4 ,the imagery of contest and battle appeared in the letters which he threw off1 and he expressed himself as freely as only a man can who has outgrown the reserves of his youth4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,,chocorua1 ,july #c1 #aijb4 ,,dear ,,henry1--,thanks for your letter of the other day1 etc4 ,alice tells me of a queer conversation you and she had upon the cars4 ,i am not anxious about money1 beyond wishing not to live on capital4444 ,as ,i have frequently said1 ,i mean to support you in your old age4 ,in fact the hope of that is about all that ,i now live for1 being surfeited with the glory of academic degrees just escaped1 like this last one which1 in the friendliness of its heart1 your ,harvard ,corporation designed sponging upon me at ,commencement4#da ,boil it and solder it up from the microbes1 and it may do for another year1 if ,i am not in prison6 ,the friendliness of such recognition is a delightful thing to a man about to graduate from the season of his usefulness4 ,la renomm vient1 as ,i have heard ,john ,la ,farge quote1 ceux qui ont la patience d'attendre1 et s'accroit raison de leur imbecillit4 ,best wishes to you all4 ,yours ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,grace ,norton4 ,,chocorua1 ,aug4 #bi1 #aijb4 ,,my ,,dear ,,grace1--,will you kindly let me know1 by the method of effacement1 on the accompanying post-card1 whether the box from ,germany of which ,i wrote you some time ago has or has not yet been left at your house4 ,i paid the express1 over twenty dollars1 on it three weeks ago1 directing it to be left with you4 ,the ice being thus broken1 let me ramble on6 ,how do-ist thou8 ,and how is the moist and cool summer suiting thee8 ,i hope1 well6 ,it has certainly been a boon to most people4 ,our house has been full of company of which tomorrow the last boys will leave1 and ,i confess ,i shall enjoy the change to no responsibility4 ,the scourge of life is responsibility--always there with its scowling face1 and when it ceases to someone else1 it begins to yourself1 or to your ,god1 if you have one4 ,consider the lilies1 how free they are from it1 and yet how beautiful the expression of their face4 ,especially should those emerging from nervous prostration be suffered to be without it--they have trouble enough in any case4 ,i am getting on famously1 but for that drawback1 on which my temper is liable to break2 but ,i walk somewhat as in old times1 and that is the main corner to have turned4 ,the country seems as beautiful as ever--it is good that1 when age takes away the zest from so many things1 it seems to make no difference at all in one's capacity for enjoying landscape and the aspects of ,nature4 ,we are all well1 and shall very soon be buzzing about ,irving ,street as of yore4 ,keep well yourself1 dear ,grace2 and believe me ever your friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to this word about enjoying the aspects of nature may be added a few lines from a letter to his son ,william1 which ,james wrote from ,europe in #aijj3-- ,scenery seems to wear in one's consciousness better than any other element in life4 ,in this year of much solemn and idle meditation1 ,i have often been surprised to find what a predominant part in my own spiritual experience it has played1 and how it stands out as almost the only thing the memory of which ,i should like to carry over with me beyond the veil1 unamended and unaltered4 ,from the midst of every thing else1 almost1 surgit amari aliquid2 but from the days in the open air1 never any bitter whiff1 save that they are gone forever4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,stonehurst1 ,,intervale1 ,n4 ,h41 ,sept4 #ah1 #aijb4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,how long it is since we have exchanged salutations and reported progress6 ,happy the country which is without a history6 ,i have had no history to communicate1 and ,i hope that you have had none either1 and that the summer has glided away as happily for you as it has for us4 ,now it begins to fade towards the horizon over which so many ancient summers have slipped1 and our household is on the point of breaking up just when the season invites one most imperiously to stay4 ,dang all schools and colleges1 say ,i4 ,alice goes down tomorrow 7,i being up here with the ,merrimans only for one day7 to start ,billy for ,europe--he will spend the winter at ,geneva ,university--and to get the house ready for our general reception on the #bfth4 ,i may possibly make out to stay up here till the ,monday following1 and spend the interval of a few days by myself among the mountains1 having stuck to the domestic hearth unusually tight all summer4444 ,we have had guests--too many of them1 rather1 at one time1 for me--and a little reading has been done1 mostly philosophical technics1 which1 by the strange curse laid upon ,adam1 certain of his descendants have been doomed to invent and others1 still more damned1 to learn4 ,but ,i've also read ,stevenson's letters1 which everybody ought to read just to know how charming a human being can be1 and ,i've read a good part of ,goethe's ,gedichte once again1 which are also to be read1 so that one may realize how absolutely healthy an organization may every now and then eventuate into this world4 ,to have such a lyrical gift and to treat it with so little solemnity1 so that most of the output consists of mere escape of the over-tension into bits of occasional verse1 irresponsible1 unchained1 like smoke-wreaths6--it du give one a great impression of personal power4 ,in general1 though ,i'm a traitor for saying so1 it seems to me that the ,german race has been a more massive organ of expression for the travail of the ,almighty than the ,anglo-,saxon1 though we did seem to have something more like it in ,elizabethan times4 ,or are clearness and dapperness the absolutely final shape of creation8 ,good-bye6 dear ,fanny--you see how mouldy ,i am temporarily become4 ,the moment ,i take my pen1 ,i can write in no other way4 ,write thou1 and let me know that things are greener and more vernal where you are4 ,alice would send much love to you1 were she here4 ,give mine to your mother1 brother1 and sister-in-law1 and all4 ,your loving1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,,cambridge1 ,,mass41 ,nov4 #a1 #aijb4 ,,dear ,,henry1--,i am emboldened to the step ,i am taking by the consciousness that though we are both at least sixty years old and have known each other from the cradle1 ,i have never but once 7or possibly twice7 traded on your well-known lavishness of disposition to swell any subscription which ,i was trying to raise4 ,now the doomful hour has struck4 ,the altar is ready1 and ,i take the victim by the ear4 ,i choose you for a victim because you still have some undesiccated human feeling about you and can think in terms of pure charity--for the love of ,god1 without ulterior hopes of returns from the investment4 ,the subject is a man of fifty who can be recommended to no other kind of a benefactor4 ,his story is a long one1 but it amounts to this1 that ,heaven made him with no other power than that of thinking and writing1 and he has proved by this time a truly pathological inability to keep body and soul together4 ,he is abstemious to an incredible degree1 is the most innocent and harmless of human beings1 isn't propagating his kind1 has never had a dime to spend except for vital necessities1 and never has had in his life an hour of what such as we call freedom from care or of pleasure in the ordinary exuberant sense of the term4 ,he is refinement itself mentally and morally2 and his writings have all been printed in first-rate periodicals1 but are too scanty to pay4 ,there's no excuse for him1 ,i admit4 ,but ,god made him2 and after kicking and cuffing and prodding him for twenty years1 ,i have now come to believe that he ought to be treated in charity pure and simple 7even though that be a vice7 and ,i want to guarantee him #cej a year as a pension to be paid to the ,mills ,hotel in ,bleecker ,street1 ,new ,york1 for board and lodging and a few cents weekly over and above4 ,i will put in #aej4 ,i have secured #ajj more4 ,can ,i squeeze #ej a year out of you for such a non-public cause8 ,if not1 don't reply and forget this letter4 ,if ja and you think you really can afford it1 and it isn't wicked1 let me know1 and ,i will dun you regularly every year for the #ej4 ,yours as ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,it is a great compliment that ,i address you4 ,most men say of such a case1 ,is the man deserving8 ,whereas the real point is1 ,does he need us8 ,what is deserving nowadays8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the beneficiary of this appeal was that same unfulfilled promise of a metaphysician who appeared as ,x on page #bib of the first volume--a man upon whom1 in ,cicero's phrase1 none but a philosopher could look without a groan4 ,there were more parallels to ,x's case than it would be permissible to cite here4 ,james did not often appeal to others to help such men with money1 but he did things for them himself1 even after it had become evident that they could give nothing to the world in return1 and even when they had exhausted his patience4 ,damn your half-successes1 your imperfect geniuses6 he exclaimed of another who shall be called ,z4 ,i'm tired of making allowances for them and propping them up4444 ,z has never constrained himself in his life4 ,selfish1 conceited1 affected1 a monster of desultory intellect1 he has become now a seedy1 almost sordid1 old man without even any intellectual residuum from his work that can be called a finished construction2 only 'suggestions' and a begging old age4 ,but ,z1 too1 was helped to the end4 ,to ,henri ,bergson4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #ad1 #aijb4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir1--,i read the copy of your ,matire et ,mmoire which you so kindly sent me1 immediately on receiving it1 four years ago or more4 ,i saw its great originality1 but found your ideas so new and vast that ,i could not be sure that ,i fully understood them1 although the style1 ,heaven knows1 was lucid enough4 ,so ,i laid the book aside for a second reading1 which ,i have just accomplished1 slowly and carefully1 along with that of the ,donnes ,immdiates1 etc4 ,i think ,i understand the main lines of your system very well at present--though of course ,i can't yet trace its proper relations to the aspects of experience of which you do not treat4 ,it needs much building out in the direction of ,ethics1 ,cosmology and ,cosmogony1 ,psychogenesis1 etc41 before one can apprehend it fully4 ,that ,i should take it in so much more easily than ,i did four years ago shows that even at the age of sixty one's mind can grow--a pleasant thought4 ,it is a work of exquisite genius4 ,it makes a sort of ,copernican revolution as much as ,berkeley's ,principles or ,kant's ,critique did1 and will probably1 as it gets better and better known1 open a new era of philosophical discussion4 ,it fills my mind with all sorts of new questions and hypotheses and brings the old into a most agreeable liquefaction4 ,i thank you from the bottom of my heart4 ,the ,hauptpunkt acquired for me is your conclusive demolition of the dualism of object and subject in perception4 ,i believe that the transcendency of the object will not recover from your treatment1 and as ,i myself have been working for many years past on the same line1 only with other general conceptions than yours1 ,i find myself most agreeably corroborated4 ,my health is so poor now that work goes on very slowly2 but ,i am going1 if ,i live1 to write a general system of metaphysics which1 in many of its fundamental ideas1 agrees closely with what you have set forth and the agreement inspires and encourages me more than you can well imagine4 ,it would take far too many words to attempt any detail1 but some day ,i hope to send you the book4#db ,how good it is sometimes simply to break away from all old categories1 deny old worn-out beliefs1 and restate things ab initio1 making the lines of division fall into entirely new places6 ,i send you a little popular lecture of mine on immortality1#dc--no positive theory but merely an argumentum ad hominem for the ordinary cerebralistic objection1--in which it may amuse you to see a formulation like your own that the brain is an organ of filtration for spiritual life4 ,i also send you my last book1 the ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 which may some time beguile an hour4 ,believe1 dear ,professor ,bergson1 the high admiration and regard with which ,i remain1 always sincerely yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,louis ,agassiz4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #ae1 #aijb4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,agassiz1--,i never dreamed of your replying to that note of mine 7of ,dec4 #eth74 ,if you are replying to all the notes you received on that eventful day1 it seems to me a rather heavy penalty for becoming an octogenarian4#dd ,but glad ,i am that you replied to mine1 and so beautifully4 ,indeed ,i do remember the meeting of those two canoes1 and the dance1 over the river from ,manaos2 and many another incident and hour of that wonderful voyage4#de ,i remember your freshness of interest1 and readiness to take hold of everything1 and what a blessing to me it was to have one civilized lady in sight1 to keep the memory of cultivated conversation from growing extinct4 ,i remember my own folly in wishing to return home after ,i came out of the hospital at ,rio2 and my general greenness and incapacity as a naturalist afterwards1 with my eyes gone to pieces4 ,it was all because my destiny was to be a philosopher--a fact which then ,i didn't know1 but which only means1 ,i think1 that1 if a man is good for nothing else1 he can at least teach philosophy4 ,but ,i'm going to write one book worthy of you1 dear ,mrs4 ,agassiz1 and of the ,thayer expedition1 if ,i am spared a couple of years longer4 ,i hope you were not displeased at the applause the other night1 as you went out4 ,i started it2 if ,i hadn't1 someone else would a moment later1 for the tension had grown intolerable4 ,how delightful about the ,radcliffe building6 ,well1 once more1 dear ,mrs4 ,agassiz1 we both thank you for this beautiful and truly affectionate letter4 ,your affectionate1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,e4 ,l4 ,godkin had recently died1 and at the date of the next letter a movement was on foot to raise money for a memorial in commemoration of his public services4 ,the money was soon subscribed and the ,memorial took shape in the endowment of the ,godkin ,lectureship at ,harvard4 ,james had started discussion of the project at a meeting of the dinner ,club and ,henry ,l4 ,higginson had continued it in a letter to which the following replied4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #h1 #aijc4 ,,dear ,,henry1--,i am sorry to have given a wrong impression1 and made you take the trouble of writing--nutritious though your letters be to receive4 ,my motive in mentioning the ,godkin testimonial was pure curiosity1 and not desire to promote it4 ,we were ten liberals together1 and ,i wanted to learn how many of us had been alienated from ,godkin by his temper in spite of having been influenced by his writing4 ,i found that it was just about half and half4 ,i never said--,heaven bear me witness--that ,i had learned more from ,g4 than from anyone4 ,i said ,i had got more political education from him4 ,you see the ,nation took me at the age of #bb--you were already older and wickeder4 ,if you follow my advice now1 you don't subscribe a cent to this memorial4 ,i shall subscribe #ajj1 for mixed reasons4 ,godkin's home life was very different from his life against the world4 ,when a man differed in type from him1 and consequently reacted differently on public matters2 he thought him a preposterous monster1 pure and simple1 and so treated him4 ,he couldn't imagine a different kind of creature from himself in politics4 ,but in private relations he was simplicity and sociability and affectionateness incarnate1 and playful as a young opossum4 ,i never knew his first wife well1 but ,i admire the pluck and fidelity of the second1 and ,i note your chivalrous remarks about the sex1 including ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j41 to whom report has been made of them1 making her blush with pleasure4 ,don't subscribe1 dear ,henry4 ,i am not trying to raise subscriptions4 ,you left too early ,friday eve4 ,ever affectionately yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,james's college class finished its work at the end of the first half of the academic year1 and in early ,february he turned for a few days to the thought of a ,mediterranean voyage1 as a vacation and a means of escape from ,cambridge during the bad weather of ,march4 ,while considering this plan1 he cabled ,m4 ,bergson to inquire as to the possibility of a meeting in ,paris or elsewhere4 ,to ,henri ,bergson4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #be1 #aijc4 ,,dear ,,professor ,,bergson1--,your most obliging cablegram 7with #h words instead of four67 arrived duly a week ago1 and now ,i am repenting that ,i ever asked you to send it1 for ,i have been feeling so much less fatigued than ,i did a month ago1 that ,i have given up my passage to the ,mediterranean1 and am seriously doubting whether it will be necessary to leave home at all4 ,i ought not to1 on many grounds1 unless my health imperatively requires it4 ,pardon me for having so frivolously stirred you up1 and permit me at least to pay the cost 7as far as ,i can ascertain it7 of the despatch which you were so liberal as to send4 ,there is still a bare possibility 7for ,i am so strongly tempted7 that ,i may1 after the middle of ,march1 take a cheaper vessel direct to ,england or to ,france1 and spend ten days or so in ,paris and return almost immediately4 ,in that case1 we could still have our interview4 ,i think there must be great portions of your philosophy which you have not yet published1 and ,i want to see how well they combine with mine4 ,writing is too long and laborious a process1 and ,i would not inflict on you the task of answering my questions by letter1 so ,i will still wait in the hope of a personal interview some time4 ,i am convinced that a philosophy of pure experience1 such as ,i conceive yours to be1 can be made to work1 and will reconcile many of the old inveterate oppositions of the schools4 ,i think that your radical denial 7the manner of it at any rate7 of the notion that the brain can be in any way the causa fiendi of consciousness1 has introduced a very sudden clearness1 and eliminated a part of the idealistic paradox4 ,but your unconscious or subconscious permanence of memories is in its turn a notion that offers difficulties1 seeming in fact to be the equivalent of the soul in another shape1 and the manner in which these memories insert themselves into the brain action1 and in fact the whole conception of the difference between the outer and inner worlds in your philosophy1 still need to me a great deal of elucidation4 ,but behold me challenging you to answer me par crit6 ,i have read with great delight your article in the ,revue de ,mtaphysique for ,january1 agree thoroughly with all its critical part1 and wish that ,i might see in your intuition mtaphysique the full equivalent for a philosophy of concepts4 ,neither seems to be a full equivalent for the other1 unless indeed the intuition becomes completely mystical 7and that ,i am willing to believe71 but ,i don't think that that is just what you mean4 ,the ,syllabus#df which ,i sent you the other day is 7,i fear71 from its great abbreviation1 somewhat unintelligible1 but it will show you the sort of lines upon which ,i have been working4 ,i think that a normal philosophy1 like a science1 must live by hypotheses--,i think that the indispensable hypothesis in a philosophy of pure experience is that of many kinds of other experience than ours1 co-consciousness that the question of 7its conditions1 etc47 conscious synthesis becomes a most urgent question1 as does also the question of the relations of what is possible only to what is actual1 what is past or future to what is present4 ,these are all urgent matters in your philosophy also1 ,i imagine4 ,how exquisitely you do write6 ,believe me1 with renewed thanks for the telegram1 yours most sincerely1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #cj1 #aijc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,i forget whether ,i wrote you my applause or not1 on reading your chapter on religious psychology in the ,archives4 ,i thought it a splendid thing1 and well adapted to set the subject in the proper light before students4 ,abauzit has written to me for authorization to translate my book1 and both he and ,w4 ,j41 ,junior1 have quoted you as assured of his competency4 ,i myself feel confident of it1 and have given him the authorization required4 ,possibly you may supply him with as much of your own translation as you have executed1 so that the time you have spent on the latter may not be absolutely lost4 ,billy also says that you have executed a review of ,myers's book1#dg finding it a more difficult task than you had anticipated4 ,i am highly curious to see what you have found to say4 ,i1 also1 wrote a notice of the volumes1 and found it exceeding difficult to know how to go at the job4 ,at last ,i decided just to skeletonize the points of his reasoning1 but on correcting the proof just now1 what ,i have written seems deadly flat and unprofitable and makes me wish that ,i had stuck to my original intention of refusing to review the book at all4 ,the fact is1 such a book need not be criticized at all at present4 ,it is obviously too soon for it to be either refuted or established by mere criticism4 ,it is a hypothetical construction of genius which must be kept hanging up1 as it were1 for new observations to be referred to4 ,as the years accumulate these in a more favorable or in a more unfavorable sense1 it will tend to stand or to fall4 ,i confess that reading the volumes has given me a higher opinion than ever of ,myers's constructive gifts1 but on the whole a lower opinion of the objective solidity of the system4 ,so many of the facts which form its pillars are still dubious4#dh ,bill says that you were again convinced by ,eusapia1#di but that the conditions were not satisfactory enough 7so ,i understood7 to make the experiments likely to convince absent hearers4 ,forever baffling is all this subject1 and ,i confess that ,i begin to lose my interest4 ,believe me1 in whatever difficulties your review of ,myers may have occasioned you1 you have my fullest sympathy6 ,bill has had a perfectly splendid winter in ,geneva1 thanks almost entirely to your introductions1 and to the generous manner in which you took him into your own family4 ,i wish we could ever requite you by similar treatment of ,henri1 or of ces demoiselles4 ,he seems to labor under an apprehension of not being able to make you all believe how appreciative and grateful he is1 and he urges me to ,make you understand it when ,i write4 ,i imagine that you understand it anyhow1 so far as he is concerned1 so ,i simply assure you that our gratitude here is of the strongest and sincerest kind4 ,i imagine that this has been by far the most profitable and educative winter of his life1 and ,i rejoice exceedingly that he has obtained in so short a time so complete a sense of being at home in1 and so lively an affection for1 the ,swiss people and country4 7,as for your family he has written more than once that the ,flournoy family seems to be the finest family he has ever seen in his life47 ,his experience is a good measure of the improvement in the world's conditions4 ,thirty years ago ,i spent nine months in ,geneva--but in how inferior an ,academy1 and with what inferior privileges and experiences6 ,never inside a private house1 and only after three months or more familiar enough with other students to be admitted to ,zofingue4#ej ,ignorant of #ajjj things which have come to my son and yours in the course of education4 ,it is a more evolved world1 and no mistake4 ,i find myself very tired and unable to work this spring1 but ,i think it will depart when ,i get to the country1 as we soon shall4 ,i am neither writing nor lecturing1 and reading nothing heavy1 only ,emerson's works again 7divine things1 some of them67 in order to make a fifteen-minute address about him on his centennial birthday4 ,what ,i want to get at1 and let no interruptions interfere1 is 7at last7 my system of tychistic and pluralistic philosophy of pure experience4 ,i wish1 and even more ardently does ,alice wish1 that you and ,mrs4 ,flournoy1 and all the children1 or any of them1 might pay us a visit4 ,i don't urge you1 for there is so little in ,america that pays one to come1 except sociological observation4 ,but in the big slow steamers1 the voyage is always interesting--and once here1 how happy we should be to harbor you4 ,in any case1 perhaps ,henri and one of his sisters will come and spend a year4 ,from the point of view of education1 ,cambridge is first-rate4 ,love to you all from us both4 ,wm4 ,james4 ,late in ,april came a letter from ,henry ,james in which he spoke1 as if with many misgivings1 of returning to ,america for a six months' visit4 ,i should wish1 he said1 to write a book of 'impressions' and to that end get quite away from ,boston and ,new ,york--really see the country at large4 ,on the other hand ,i don't see myself prowling alone in ,western cities and hotels or finding my way about by myself1 and it is all darksome and tangled4 ,some light may break--but meanwhile next ,wednesday 7awful fact7 is my #fjth birthday4 ,he had not been in ,america for more than twenty years1 and had never known anything of the country outside of ,new ,england and ,new ,york4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,may #c1 #aijc4 444,your long and inhaltsvoll letter of ,april #ajth arrived duly1 and constituted1 as usual1 an event4 ,theodora had already given us your message of an intended visit to these shores2 and your letter made ,alice positively overflow with joyous anticipations4 ,on my part they are less unmixed1 for ,i feel more keenly a good many of the dsagrments to which you will inevitably be subjected1 and imagine the sort of physical loathing with which many features of our national life will inspire you4 ,it takes a long time to notice such things no longer4 ,one thing1 for example1 which would reconcile me most easily to abandoning my native country forever would be the certainty of immunity1 when traveling1 from the sight of my fellow beings at hotels and dining-cars having their boiled eggs brought to them1 broken by a negro1 two in a cup1 and eaten with butter4 ,how irrational this dislike is1 is proved both by logic1 and by the pleasure taken in the custom by the lite of mankind over here4444 ,yet of such irrational sympathies and aversions 7quite conventional for the most part7 does our pleasure in a country depend1 and in your case far more than in that of most men4 ,the vocalization of our countrymen is really1 and not conventionally1 so ignobly awful that the process of hardening oneself thereto is very slow1 and would in your case be impossible4 ,it is simply incredibly loathsome4 ,i should hate to have you come and1 as a result1 feel that you had now done with ,america forever1 even in an ideal and imaginative sense1 which after a fashion you can still indulge in4 ,as far as your copyright interests go1 couldn't they be even more effectually and just as cheaply or more cheaply attended to by your engaging an agent over here4 ,alice foresees ,lowell ,institute lectures2 but lectures have such an awful side 7when not academic7 that ,i myself have foresworn them--it is a sort of prostitution of one's person4 ,this is rather a throwing of cold water2 but it is well to realize both sides1 and ,i think ,i can realize certain things for you better than the sanguine and hospitable ,alice does4 ,now for the other side1 there are things in the ,american out-of-door nature1 as well as comforts indoors that can't be beat1 and from which ,i get an infinite pleasure4 ,if you avoided the banalit of the ,eastern cities1 and traveled far and wide1 to the ,south1 the ,colorado1 over the ,canadian ,pacific to that coast1 possibly to the ,hawaiian ,islands1 etc41 you would get some reward1 at the expense1 it is true1 of a considerable amount of cash4 ,i think you ought to come in ,march or ,april and stay till the end of ,october or into ,november4 ,the hot summer months you could pass in an absolutely quiet way--if you wished to--at ,chocorua with us1 where you could do as much writing as you liked1 continuous1 and undisturbed1 and would 7,i am sure7 grow fond of1 as you grew more and more intimate with1 the sweet rough country there4 ,after ,june1 #aijd1 ,i shall be free1 to go and come as ,i like1 for ,i have fully decided to resign1 and nothing would please me so well 7if ,i found then that ,i could afford it7 as to do some of that proposed traveling along with you4 ,i could take you into certain places that perhaps you wouldn't see alone4 ,don't come therefore1 if you do come1 before the spring of #aijd6 ,i have been doing nothing in the way of work of late1 and consequently have kept my fatigue somewhat at bay4 ,the reading of the divine ,emerson1 volume after volume1 has done me a lot of good1 and1 strange to say1 has thrown a strong practical light on my own path4 ,the incorruptible way in which he followed his own vocation1 of seeing such truths as the ,universal ,soul vouchsafed to him from day to day and month to month1 and reporting them in the right literary form1 and thereafter kept his limits absolutely1 refusing to be entangled with irrelevancies however urging and tempting1 knowing both his strength and its limits1 and clinging unchangeably to the rural environment which he once for all found to be most propitious1 seems to me a moral lesson to all men who have any genius1 however small1 to foster4 ,i see now with absolute clearness1 that greatly as ,i have been helped and enlarged by my ,university business hitherto1 the time has come when the remnant of my life must be passed in a different manner1 contemplatively namely1 and with leisure and simplification for the one remaining thing1 which is to report in one book1 at least1 such impression as my own intellect has received from the ,universe4 ,this ,i mean to stick to1 and am only sorry that ,i am obliged to stay in the ,university one other year4 ,it is giving up the inessentials which have grown beyond one's powers1 for the sake of the duties which1 after all1 are most essentially imposed on one by the nature of one's powers4 ,emerson is exquisite6 ,i think ,i told you that ,i have to hold forth in praise of him at ,concord on the #beth--in company with ,senator ,hoar1 ,t4 ,w4 ,higginson1 and ,charles ,norton--quite a vieille garde1 to which ,i now seem to belong4 ,you too have been leading an ,emersonian life--though the environment differs to suit the needs of the different psychophysical organism which you present4 ,i have but little other news to tell you4 ,charles ,peirce is lecturing here--queer being4444 ,boott is in good spirits1 and as sociable as ever4 ,grace ,norton ditto4 ,i breakfasted this ,sunday morning1 as of yore1 with ,theodora ,sedgwick1 who had a bad voyage in length but not in quality1 though she lay in her berth the whole time4 ,i can hardly conceive of being willing to travel under such conditions4 ,otherwise we are well enough1 except ,peggy1 whose poor condition ,i imagine to result from influenza4 ,aleck has been regenerated through and through by bird lore1 happy as the day is long1 and growing acquainted with the country all about ,boston4 ,all in consequence of a neighboring boy on the street1 #ad years old and an ornithological genius1 having taken him under his protection4 ,yesterday1 all day long in the open air1 from seven to seven1 at ,wayland1 spying and listening to birds1 counting them1 and writing down their names6 ,i shall go off tomorrow or next day to the country again1 by myself1 joining ,henry ,higginson and a colleague at the end of the week1 and returning by the #adth for ,ph4,d4 examinations which ,i hate profoundly4 ,h4 ,h4 has bought some five miles of the shore of ,lake ,champlain adjoining his own place there1 and thinks of handing it over to the ,university for the surveying1 engineering1 forestry and mining school4 ,he is as liberal-hearted a man as the ,lord ever walloped entrails into4444 ,what a devil of a bore your forced purchase of the unnecessary neighboring land must have been4 ,i am just buying #aej acres more at ,chocorua1 to round off our second estate there4 ,keep well and prolific--everyone speaks praise of your ,better ,sort1 which ,i am keeping for the country4444 ,to his ,daughter4 ,,fabyans1 ,n4 ,h41 ,may #f1 #aijc4 ,,sweet ,,mary1--,although ,i wrote to thy mother this ,p4,m4 ,i can't refrain from writing to thee ere ,i go up to bed4 ,i left ,intervale at #c4cj under a cloudy sky and slight rain1 passing through the gloomy ,notch to ,crawford's and then here1 where ,i am lodged in a house full of working men1 though with a good clean bedroom4 ,i write this in the office1 with an enormous air-tight stove1 a parrot and some gold-fish as my companions4 ,i took a slow walk of an hour and a half before supper over this great dreary mountain plateau1 pent in by hills and woods still free from buds4 ,although it is only #aejj feet high1 the air is real mountain air1 soft and strong at once4 ,i wish that you could have taken that four-hour drive with ,topsy#ea and me this morning4 ,you would already be well--it had so healing an influence4 ,poverty-stricken this ,new ,hampshire country may be--weak in a certain sense1 shabby1 thin1 pathetic--say all that1 yet1 like ,jenny1 it kissed me2 and it is not vulgar--even ,h4 ,j4 can't accuse it of that--or of stodginess1 especially at this emaciated season4 ,it remains pure1 and clear and distinguished--,bless it6 ,once more1 would thou hadst been along6 ,i have just been reading ,emerson's ,representative ,men4 ,what luminous truths he communicates about their home-life--for instance3 ,nature never sends a ,great ,man into the planet without confiding the secret to another soul--namely your mother's6 ,how he hits her off1 and how ,i recognized whom he meant immediately4 ,kiss the dear tender-hearted thing4 ,common men also have their advantages4 ,i have seen all day long such a succession of handsome1 stalwart1 burnt-faced1 out-of-door workers as made me glad to be1 however degenerate myself1 one of their tribe4 ,splendid1 honest1 good-natured fellows4 ,good-night6 ,i'm now going to bed1 to read myself to sleep with a tiptop novel sent me by one ,barry1 an old pupil of mine4 ',t is called ,a ,daughter of ,thespis4 ,is this the day of your mother's great and noble lunch8 ,if so1 ,i pray that it may have gone off well4 ,kisses to her1 and all4 ,your loving ,,papa4 ,the next letter describes the ,emerson ,centenary at ,concord4 ,the ,address which ,james delivered was published in the special volume commemorative of the proceedings1 and also in ,memories and ,studies4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,cambridge1 ,may #bf1 #aijc4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,on ,friday ,i called at your house and to my sorrow found the blinds all down4 ,i had not supposed that you would leave so soon1 though ,i might well have done so if ,i had reflected4 ,it has been a sorrow to me to have seen so little of you lately1 but so goes the train du monde4 ,collapsed condition1 absences1 interruptions of all sorts1 have made the year end with most of the desiderata postponed to next year4 ,i meant to write to you on ,friday evening1 then on ,saturday morning4 ,but ,i went to ,lincoln on ,saturday ,p4,m4 and stayed over the ,emerson racket1 without returning home1 and have been packing and winding up affairs all day in order to get off to ,chocorua tomorrow at #g4cj4 ,these windings up of unfinished years continue till the unfinished life winds up4 ,i wish that you had been at ,concord4 ,it was the most harmoniously sthetic or sthetically harmonious thing6 ,the weather1 the beauty of the village1 the charming old meeting-house1 the descendants of the grand old man in such profusion1 the mixture of ,concord and ,boston heads1 so many of them of our own circle1 the allusions to great thoughts and things1 and the old-time ,new ,england rusticity and rurality1 the silver polls and ancient voices of the vieille garde who did the orating 7including this 'yer child71 all made a matchless combination1 took one back to one's childhood1 and made that rarely realized marriage of reality with ideality1 that usually only occurs in fiction or poetry4 ,it was a sweet and memorable day1 and ,i am glad that ,i had an active share in it4 ,i thank you for your sweet words to ,alice about my address4 ,i let ,r4 ,w4 ,e4 speak for himself1 and ,i find now1 hearing so much from others of him1 that there are only a few things that can be said of him2 he was so squarely and simply himself as to impress every one in the same manner4 ,reading the whole of him over again continuously has made me feel his real greatness as ,i never did before4 ,he's really a critter to be thankful for4 ,good-night1 dear ,fanny4 ,i shall be back here by ,commencement1 and somehow we must see you at ,chocorua this summer4 ,love to your mother as well as to yourself1 from your ever affectionate ,wm4 ,james4 ,the letter of ,may #crd drew from ,henry ,james a long reply which may be found in the ,letters of ,henry ,james1 under date of ,may #bdth2 the reply1 in its turn1 elicited this response3-- ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #f1 #aijc4 ,,dearest ,,henry1--,your long and excitingly interesting type-written letter about coming hither arrived yesterday1 and ,i hasten to retract all my dampening remarks1 now that ,i understand the motives fully4 ,the only ones ,i had imagined1 blindling that ,i am1 were fraternal piety and patriotic duty4 ,against those ,i thought ,i ought to proffer the thought of eggs and other shocks1 so that when they came ,i might be able to say that you went not unwarned4 ,but the moment it appears that what you crave is millions of just such shocks1 and that a new lease of artistic life1 with the lamp of genius fed by the oil of twentieth-century ,american life1 is to be the end and aim of the voyage1 all my stingy doubts wither and are replaced by enthusiasm that you are still so young-feeling1 receptive and hungry for more raw material and experience4 ,it cheers me immensely1 and makes me feel more so myself4 ,it is pathetic to hear you talk so about your career and its going to seed without the contact of new material2 but feeling as you do about the new material1 ,i augur a great revival of energy and internal effervescence from the execution of your project4 ,drop your ,english ideas and take ,america and ,americans as they take themselves1 and you will certainly experience a rejuvenation4 ,this is all ,i have to say today--merely to let you see how the prospect exhilarates us4 ,august1 #aijd1 will be an excellent time to begin4 ,i should like to go ,south with you1--possibly to ,cuba1--but as for ,california1 ,i fear the expense4 ,i am sending you a decidedly moving book by a mulatto ex-student of mine1 ,du ,bois1 professor of history at ,atlanta 7,georgia7 negro ,college4#eb ,read ,chapters ,,vii to ,,xi for local color1 etc4 ,we have been up here for ten days2 the physical luxury of the simplification is something that money can't buy4 ,every breath is a pleasure--this in spite of the fact that the whole country is drying up and burning up--it makes one ashamed that one can be so happy4 ,the smoke here has been so thick for five days that the opposite shore of the ,lake is hidden4 ,we have a first-rate hired man1 a good cow1 nice horse1 dog1 cook1 second-girl1 etc4 ,come up and see us in ,august1 #aijd6 ,your ever loving ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,w4 ,rankin4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #aj1 #aijc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,rankin1--,once more has my graphophobia placed me heavily in your debt4 ,your two long letters1 though unanswered1 were and are appreciated1 in spite of the fact that1 as you know1 ,i do not 7and ,i fear cannot7 follow the gospel scheme as you do1 and that the ,bible itself1 in both its testaments 7omitting parts of ,john and the ,apocalypse7 seems to me1 by its intense naturalness and humanness1 the most fatal document that one can read against the orthodox theology1 in so far as the latter claims the words of the ,bible to be its basis4 ,i myself believe that the orthodox theology contains elements that are permanently true1 and that such writers as ,emerson1 by reason of their extraordinary healthy-mindedness and once-born-ness1 are incapable of appreciating4 ,i believe that they will have to be expressed in any ultimately valid religious philosophy2 and ,i see in the temper of friendliness of such a man as you for such writings as ,emerson's and mine 7magnus comp4 parvo7 a foretaste of the day when the abstract essentials of belief will be the basis of communion more than the particular forms and concrete doctrines in which they articulate themselves4 ,your letter about ,emerson seemed to me so admirably written that ,i was on the point of sending it back to you1 thinking it might be well that you should publish it somewhere4 ,i will still do so1 if you ask me4 ,i have myself been a little scandalized at the non-resisting manner in which orthodox sheets have celebrated his anniversary4 ,an ,emerson number of ,zion's ,herald strikes me as tant soit peu of an anomaly1 and yet ,i am told that such a number appeared4 ,rereading him in extenso1 almost in toto1 lately1 has made him loom larger than ever to me as a human being1 but ,i feel the distinct lack in him of too little understanding of the morbid side of life4 ,i have been in the country two weeks1 delicious in spite of drought and smoke1 and still more delicious now that rain has come1 and ,i cannot bear to think of you still lingering in ,brooklyn4 ,perhaps you are already at ,northfield4 ,indeed ,i hope so1 and that the long ,brooklyn winter will have put you in a condition for its better enjoyment1 and for better cooperation with its work4 ,i shall get at ,shields some day--but ,i'm slow in getting round6 ,yours ever faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,aug4 #ah1 #aijc4 ,,dear ,m41-- 444,i am in good condition1 but in somewhat of a funk about my lectures1#ec now that the audience draws near4 ,i have got my mind working on the infernal old problem of mind and brain1 and how to construct the world out of pure experiences1 and feel foiled again and inwardly sick with the fever4 ,but ,i verily believe that it is only work that makes one sick in that way that has any chance of breaking old shells and getting a step ahead4 ,it is a sort of madness however when it is on you4 ,the total result is to make me admire ,common ,sense as having done by far the biggest stroke of genius ever made in philosophy when it reduced the chaos of crude experience to order by its luminous ,denkmittel of the stable thing1 and its dualism of thought and matter4 ,i find ,strong's book charming and a wonderful piece of clear and thorough work--quite classical in fact1 and surely destined to renown4 ,the ,clifford-,prince-,strong theory has now full rights to citizenship4 ,nevertheless1 in spite of his so carefully blocking every avenue which leads sideways from his conclusion1 he has not convinced me yet4 ,but ,i cannot say briefly why4444 ,yours in haste1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,,hotel ----1 ,,port ,,henry1 ,n4,y41 ,aug4 #bb1 #aijc4 ,,dear ,,friend1--,obliged to stop over for the night at this loathsome spot1 for lack of train connexion1 what is more natural than that ,i should seek to escape the odious actual by turning to the distant ,ideal--by which term you will easily recognize ,yourself4 ,i didn't write the conventional letter to you after leaving your house in ,june1 preferring to wait till the tension should accumulate1 and knowing your indulgence of my unfashionable ways4 ,i haven't heard a word about you since that day1 but ,i hope that the times have treated you kindly1 and that you have not been overdoing in your usual naughty way4 ,i1 with the exception of six days lately with the ,merrimans1 have been sitting solidly at home1 and have found myself in much better condition than ,i was in last summer1 and consequently better than for several years4 ,it is pleasant to find that one's organism has such reparative capacities even after sixty years have been told out4 ,but ,i feel as if the remainder couldn't be very long1 at least for creative purposes1 and ,i find myself eager to get ahead with work which unfortunately won't allow itself to be done in too much of a hurry4 ,i am convinced that the desire to formulate truths is a virulent disease4 ,it has contracted an alliance lately in me with a feverish personal ambition1 which ,i never had before1 and which ,i recognize as an unholy thing in such a connexion4 ,i actually dread to die until ,i have settled the ,universe's hash in one more book1 which shall be epoch-machend at last1 and a title of honor to my children6 ,childish idiot--as if formulas about the ,universe could ruffle its majesty1 and as if the common-sense world and its duties were not eternally the really real6--,i am on my way from ,ashfield1 where ,i was a guest at the annual dinner1 to feu ,davidson's school at ,glenmore1 where1 in a sanguine hour1 ,i agreed to give five discourses4 ,apparently they are having a good season there4 ,mrs4 ,booker ,washington was the hero of the ,ashfield occasion--a big hearty handsome natural creature1 quite worthy to be her husband's mate4 ,fred ,pollock made a tip-top speech4444 ,charles ,norton appeared to great advantage as a benignant patriarch1 and the place was very pretty4 ,have you read ,loti's ,inde sans les ,anglais8 ,if not1 then begin4 ,i seem to myself to have been doing some pretty good reading this summer1 but when ,i try to recall it1 nothing but philosophic works come up4 ,good-bye6 and ,heaven keep you6 ,yours affectionately1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,chocorua1 ,sept4 #bd1 #aijc4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,it is so long since we have held communion that ,i think it is time to recommence4 ,our summer is ending quietly enough1 not only you1 but ,theodora and ,mary ,tappan1 having all together conspired to leave us in ,september solitude1 and some young fellows1 companions of ,harry and ,billy1 having just gone down4 ,the cook goes tomorrow for a fortnight of vacation1 but ,alice and ,i1 and probably both the older boys1 hope to stay up here more or less until the middle of ,october4 ,my seminary begins on ,friday1 ,october #bnd1 and for the rest of the year ,friday is my only day with a college exercise in it--an arrangement which leaves me extraordinarily free1 and of which ,i intend to take advantage by making excursions4 ,hitherto1 during the entire #cj years of my ,college service1 ,i have had a midday exercise every day in the week4 ,this has always kept me tied too tight to ,cambridge4 ,i am vastly better in nervous tone than ,i was a year ago1 my work is simplified down to the exact thing ,i want to do1 and ,i ought to be happy in spite of the lopping off of so many faculties of activity4 ,the only thing to do1 as with the process of the suns one finds one's faculties dropping away one by one1 is to be good-natured about it1 remember that the next generation is as young as ever1 and try to live and have a sympathetic share in their activities4 ,i spent three days lately 7only three1 alas67 at the ,shanty in ,keene ,valley1 and was moved to admiration at the foundation for a consciousness that was being laid in the children by the bare-headed and bare-legged existence close to nature of which the memory was being stored up in them in these years4 ,they lay around the camp-fire at night at the feet of their elders1 in every attitude of soft recumbency1 heads on stomachs and legs mixed up1 happy and dreamy1 just like the young of some prolific carnivorous species4 ,the coming generation ought to reap the benefit of all this healthy animality4 ,what wouldn't ,i give to have been educated in it6444 ,to ,mrs4 ,henry ,whitman4 ,cambridge1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aijc4 ,,my ,,dear ,s4 ,w41--,on inquiry at your studio last ,monday ,i was told that you would be in the country for ten days or a fortnight more4 ,i confess that this pleased me much for it showed you both happy and prudent4 ,surely the winter is long enough1 however much we cut off of this end--the city winter ,i mean2 and the country this month has been little short of divine4 ,we came down on the #afth1 and ,i have to get mine 7my country1 ,i mean7 from the ,norton ,woods4 ,but they are very good indeed1--indeed1 indeed6 ,i am better1 both physically and morally1 than for years past4 ,the whole ,james family thrives2 and were it not for one's duties one could be happy4 ,but that things should give pain proves that something is being effected1 so ,i take that consolation4 ,i have the duty on ,monday of reporting at a ,philosophical ,conference on the ,chicago ,school of ,thought4 ,chicago ,university has during the past six months given birth to the fruit of its ten years of gestation under ,john ,dewey4 ,the result is wonderful--a real school1 and real ,thought4 ,important thought1 too6 ,did you ever hear of such a city or such a ,university8 ,here we have thought1 but no school4 ,at ,yale a school1 but no thought4 ,chicago has both4444 ,but this1 dear ,madam1 is not intended as a letter--only a word of greeting and congratulation at your absence4 ,i don't know why it makes me so happy to hear of anyone being in the country4 ,i suppose they must be happy4 ,your last letter went to the right spot--but ,i don't expect to hear from you now until ,i see you4 ,ever affectionately yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,newport1 ,jan4 #bj1 #aijd4 444,i came down here the night before last1 to see if a change of air might loosen the grip of my influenza1 now in its sixth week and me still weak as a baby1 almost1 from its virulent effects4444 ,yesterday ,a4,m4 the thermometer fell to #d below zero4 ,i walked as far as ,tweedy's 7,i am staying at a boarding-house1 ,mrs4 ,robinson's1 ,catherine ,st41 close to ,touro ,avenue1 ,daisy ,waring being the only other boarder7--the snow loudly creaking under foot and under teams however distant1 the sky luminously white and dazzling1 no distance1 everything equally near to the eye1 and the architecture in the town more huddled1 discordant1 cheap1 ugly and contemptible than ,i had ever seen it4 ,it brought back old times so vividly4 ,so it did in the evening1 when ,i went after sunset down ,kay ,street to the termination4 ,that low ,west that ,i've so often fed on1 with a sombre but intense crimson vestige smouldering close to the horizon-line1 economical but profound1 and the western well of sky shading upward from it through infinite shades of transparent luminosity in darkness to the deep blue darkness overhead4 ,it was purely ,american4 ,you never see that western sky anywhere else4 ,solemn and wonderful4 ,i should think you'd like to see it again1 if only for the sake of shuddering at it6444 ,to ,franois ,pillon4 ,cambridge1 ,june #ab1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,pillon1--,once more ,i get your faithful and indefatigable ,anne and feel almost ashamed of receiving it thus from you1 year after year1 when ,i make nothing of a return6 ,so you are #ge years old--,i had no idea of it1 but thought that you were much younger4 ,i am only767 #fb1 and wish that ,i could expect another #ac years of such activity as you have shown4 ,i fear ,i cannot4 ,my arteries are senile1 and none of my ancestors1 so far as ,i know of them1 have lived past #gb1 many of them dying much earlier4 ,this is my last day in ,cambridge2 tomorrow ,i get away into the country1 where the family already is1 for my vacation4 ,i shall take your ,anne with me1 and shall be greatly interested in both ,danriac's article and yours4 ,what a mercy it is that your eyes1 in spite of cataract-operations1 are still good for reading4 ,i have had a very bad winter for work--two attacks of influenza1 one very long and bad1 three of gout1 one of erysipelas1 etc41 etc4 ,i expected to have written at least #djj or #ejj pages of my magnum opus1--a general treatise on philosophy which has been slowly maturing in my mind1--but ,i have written only #cb pages6 ,that tells the whole story4 ,i resigned from my professorship1 but they would not accept my resignation1 and owing to certain peculiarities in the financial situation of our ,university just now1 ,i felt myself obliged in honor to remain4 ,my philosophy is what ,i call a radical empiricism1 a pluralism1 a tychism1 which represents order as being gradually won and always in the making4 ,it is theistic1 but not essentially so4 ,it rejects all doctrines of the ,absolute4 ,it is finitist2 but it does not attribute to the question of the ,infinite the great methodological importance which you and ,renouvier attribute to it4 ,i fear that you may find my system too bottomless and romantic4 ,i am sure that1 be it in the end judged true or false1 it is essential to the evolution of clearness in philosophic thought that someone should defend a pluralistic empiricism radically4 ,and all that ,i fear is that1 with the impairment of my working powers from which ,i suffer1 the ,angel of ,death may overtake me before ,i can get my thoughts on to paper4 ,life here in the ,university consists altogether of interruptions4 ,i thought much of you at the time of ,renouvier's death1 and ,i wanted to write2 but ,i let that go1 with a thousand other things that had to go4 ,what a life6 and what touching and memorable last words were those which ,m4 ,pratt published in the ,revue de ,mtaphysique--memorable1 ,i mean from the mere fact that the old man could dictate them at all4 ,i have left unread his last publications1 except for some parts of the ,monadologie and the ,personalisme4 ,he will remain a great figure in philosophic history2 and the sense of his absence must make a great difference to your consciousness and to that of ,madame ,pillon4 ,my own wife and children are well4444 ,ever affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,june #bh1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,h41--,i came down from ,chocorua yesterday ,a4,m4 to go to-- ,mrs4 ,whitman's funeral6 ,she had lost ground steadily during the winter4 ,the last time ,i saw her was five weeks ago1 when at noon ,i went up to her studio thinking she might be there4444 ,she told me that she was to go on the following day to the ,massachusetts ,general ,hospital1 for a cure of rest and seclusion4 ,there she died last ,friday evening1 having improved in her cardiac symptoms1 but pneumonia supervening a week ago4 ,it's a great mercy that the end was so unexpectedly quick4 ,what ,i had feared was a slow deterioration for a year or more to come1 with all the nameless misery--peculiarly so in her case--of death by heart disease4 ,as it was1 she may be said to have died standing1 a thing she always wished to do4 ,she went to every dinner-party and evening party last winter1 had an extension1 a sort of ball-room1 built to her ,mount ,vernon house1 etc4 ,the funeral was beautiful both in ,trinity ,church and at the grave in ,mt4 ,auburn4 ,i was one of the eight pall-bearers--the others of whom you would hardly know4 ,the flowers and greenery had been arranged in absolutely ,whitmanian style by ,mrs4 ,jack ,gardner1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,parkman1 and ,sally ,fairchild4 ,the scene at the grave was beautiful4 ,she had no blood relatives1 and all ,boston--,i mean the few whom we know--had gone out1 and seemed swayed by an overpowering emotion which abolished all estrangement and self-consciousness4 ,it was the sort of ending that would please her1 could she know of it4 ,an extraordinary and indefinable creature6 ,i used often to feel coldly towards her on account of her way of taking people as a great society business proceeding1 but now that her agitated life of tip-toe reaching in so many directions1 of genuinest amiability1 is over1 pure tenderness asserts its own4 ,against that dark background of natural annihilation she seems to have been a pathetic little slender worm1 writhing and curving blindly through its little day1 expending such intensities of consciousness to terminate in that small grave4 ,she was a most peculiar person4 ,i wish that you had known her whole life here more intimately1 and understood its significance4 ,you might then write a worthy article about her4 ,for me1 it is impossible to define her4 ,she leaves a dreadful vacuum in ,boston4 ,i have often wondered whether ,i should survive her--and here it has come in the night1 without the sound of a footstep1 and the same world is here--but without her as its witness4444 ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton4 ,cambridge1 ,june #cj1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,charles1--,i have just read the ,july ,atlantic1 and am so moved by your ,ruskin letters that ,i can't refrain from overflowing4 ,they seem to me immortal documents--as the clouds clear away he will surely take his stable place as one of the noblest of the sons of men4 ,mere sanity is the most philistine and 7at bottom7 unimportant of a man's attributes4 ,the chief cloud is the bulk of ,modern ,painters and the other artistic writings1 which have made us take him primarily as an art-connoisseur and critic4 ,regard all that as inessential1 and his inconsistencies and extravagances fall out of sight and leave the ,great ,heart alone visible4 ,do you suppose that there are many other correspondents of ,r4 who will yield up their treasures in our time to the light8 ,i wish that your modesty had not suppressed certain passages which evidently expressed too much regard for yourself4 ,the point should have been his expression of that sort of thing--no matter to whom addressed6 ,i understand and sympathize fully with his attitude about our war4 ,granted him and his date1 that is the way he ought to have felt1 and ,i revere him perhaps the more for it4444 ,s4 ,w4's sudden defection is a pathetic thing6 ,it makes one feel like closing the ranks4 ,affectionately--to all of you--including ,theodora1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,l4 ,t4 ,hobhouse4 ,,chocorua1 ,aug4 #ab1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,brother ,,hobhouse1--,don't you think it a tant soit peu scurvy trick to play on me 7'tis true that you don't name me1 but to the informed reader the reference is transparent--,i say nothing of poor ,schiller's case7 to print in the ,aristotelian ,proceedings 7pages #ajd ff47#ed a beautiful duplicate of my own theses in the ,will to ,believe essay 7which should have been called by the less unlucky title the ,right to ,believe7 in the guise of an alternative and substitute for my doctrine1 for which latter you1 in the earlier pages of your charmingly written essay1 substitute a travesty for which ,i defy any candid reader to find a single justification in my text8 ,my essay hedged the license to indulge in private over-beliefs with so many restrictions and signboards of danger that the outlet was narrow enough4 ,it made of tolerance the essence of the situation2 it defined the permissible cases2 it treated the faith-attitude as a necessity for individuals1 because the total evidence1 which only the race can draw1 has to include their experiments among its data4 ,it tended to show only that faith could not be absolutely vetoed1 as certain champions of science 7,clifford1 ,huxley1 etc47 had claimed it ought to be4 ,it was a function that might lead1 and probably does lead1 into a wider world4 ,you say identically the same things2 only1 from your special polemic point of view1 you emphasize more the dangers2 while ,i1 from my polemic point of view1 emphasized more the right to run their risk4 ,your essay1 granting that emphasis and barring the injustice to me1 seems to me exquisite1 and1 taking it as a unit1 ,i subscribe unreservedly to almost every positive word4--,i say positive1 for ,i doubt whether you have seen enough of the extraordinarily invigorating effect of mind-cum-philosophy on certain people to justify your somewhat negative treatment of that subject2 and ,i say almost because your distinction between spurious and genuine courage 7page #ia7 reminds me a bit too much of true and false freedom1 and other sanctimonious come-offs4--,could you not have made an equally sympathetic reading of me8 ,i shouldn't have cared a copper for the misrepresentation were it not a summation of stimuli affair4 ,i have just been reading ,bradley on ,schiller in the ,july ,mind1 and ,a4 ,e4 ,taylor on the ,will to ,believe in the ,mc,gill ,quarterly of ,montreal4 ,both are vastly worse than you2 and ,i cry to ,heaven to tell me of what insane root my leading contemporaries have eaten1 that they are so smitten with blindness as to the meaning of printed texts4 ,or are we others absolutely incapable of making our meaning clear8 ,i imagine that there is neither insane root nor unclear writing1 but that in these matters each man writes from out of a field of consciousness of which the bogey in the background is the chief object4 ,your bogey is superstition2 my bogey is desiccation2 and each1 for his contrast-effect1 clutches at any text that can be used to represent the enemy1 regardless of exegetical proprieties4 ,in my essay the evil shape was a vision of ,science in the form of abstraction1 priggishness and sawdust1 lording it over all4 ,take the sterilest scientific prig and cad you know1 compare him with the richest religious intellect you know1 and you would not1 any more than ,i would1 give the former the exclusive right of way4 ,but up to page #ajd of your essay he will deem you altogether on his side4 ,pardon the familiarity of this epistle4 ,i like and admire your theory of ,knowledge so much1 and you re-duplicate 7,i don't mean copy7 my views so beautifully in this article1 that ,i hate to let you go unchidden4 ,believe me1 with the highest esteem 7plus some indignation1 for you ought to know better671 ,yours faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,edwin ,d4 ,starbuck4 ,,salisbury1 ,,conn4 ,aug1 #bd1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,starbuck1-- 444,of the strictures you make in your review of my ,varieties1 the first one 7undue emphasis on extreme case7 is1 ,i find1 almost universally made2 so it must in some sense be correct4 ,yet it would never do to study the passion of love on examples of ordinary liking or friendly affection1 or that of homicidal pugnacity on examples of our ordinary impatiences with our kind4 ,so here it must be that the extreme examples let us more deeply into the secrets of the religious life1 explain why the tamer ones value their religion so much1 tame though it be1 because it is so continuous with a so much acuter ideal4 ,but ,i have long been conscious that there is on this matter something to be said which neither my critics have said1 nor ,i can say1 and which ,i must therefore commit to the future4 ,the second stricture 7in your paragraph #d on pages #ajd ff47 is of course deeply important1 if true4 ,at present ,i can see but vaguely just what sort of outer relations our inner organism might respond to1 which our feelings and intellect interpret by religious thought4 ,you ought to work your program for all it is worth in the way of growth in definiteness4 ,i look forward with great eagerness to your forthcoming book1 and meanwhile urge strongly that you should publish the advance article you speak of in ,hall's new ,journal4 ,i can't see any possible risk4 ,it will objectify a part of your material for you1 and possibly1 by arousing criticism1 enable you to strengthen your points4 ,your third stricture1 about ,higher ,powers1 is also very important1 and ,i am not at all sure that you may not be right4 ,i have frankly to confess that my ,varieties carried theory as far as ,i could then carry it1 and that ,i can carry it no farther today4 ,i can't see clearly over that edge4 ,yet ,i am sure that tracks have got to be made there--,i think that the fixed point with me is the conviction that our rational consciousness touches but a portion of the real universe and that our life is fed by the mystical region as well4 ,i have no mystical experience of my own1 but just enough of the germ of mysticism in me to recognize the region from which their voice comes when ,i hear it4 ,i was much disappointed in ,leuba's review of my book in the ,international ,journal of ,ethics4 444 ,i confess that the way in which he stamps out all mysticism whatever1 using the common pathological arguments1 seemed to me unduly crude4 ,i wrote him an expostulatory letter1 which evidently made no impression at all1 and which he possibly might send you if you had the curiosity to apply4 ,i am having a happy summer1 feeling quite hearty again4 ,i congratulate you on being settled1 though ,i know nothing of the place4 ,i congratulate you and ,mrs4 ,starbuck also on airy fairy ,lilian1 who makes1 ,i believe1 the third4 ,long may they live and make their parents proud4 ,with best regards to you both1 ,i am yours ever truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the expostulatory letter to ,professor ,leuba began with a series of objections to statements which he had made1 and continued with the passage which follows4 ,to ,james ,henry ,leuba4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #ag1 #aijd4 444,my personal position is simple4 ,i have no living sense of commerce with a ,god4 ,i envy those who have1 for ,i know the addition of such a sense would help me immensely4 ,the ,divine1 for my active life1 is limited to abstract concepts which1 as ideals1 interest and determine me1 but do so but faintly1 in comparison with what a feeling of ,god might effect1 if ,i had one4 ,it is largely a question of intensity1 but differences of intensity may make one's whole centre of energy shift4 ,now1 although ,i am so devoid of ,gottesbewustsein in the directer and stronger sense1 yet there is something in me which makes response when ,i hear utterances made from that lead by others4 ,i recognize the deeper voice4 ,something tells me1 thither lies truth--and ,i am sure it is not old theistic habits and prejudices of infancy4 ,those are ,christian2 and ,i have grown so out of ,christianity that entanglement therewith on the part of a mystical utterance has to be abstracted from and overcome1 before ,i can listen4 ,call this1 if you like1 my mystical germ4 ,it is a very common germ4 ,it creates the rank and file of believers4 ,as it withstands in my case1 so it will withstand in most cases1 all purely atheistic criticism1 but interpretative criticism 7not of the mere hysteria and nerves order7 it can energetically combine with4 ,your criticism seems to amount to a pure non possumus3 ,mystical deliverances must be infallible revelations in every particular1 or nothing4 ,therefore they are nothing1 for anyone else than their owner4 ,why may they not be something1 although not everything8 ,your only consistent position1 it strikes me1 would be a dogmatic atheistic naturalism2 and1 without any mystical germ in us1 that1 ,i believe1 is where we all should unhesitatingly be today4 ,once allow the mystical germ to influence our beliefs1 and ,i believe that we are in my position4 ,of course the subliminal theory is an inessential hypothesis1 and the question of pluralism or monism is equally inessential4 ,i am letting loose a deluge on you6 ,don't reply at length1 or at all4 ,i hate to reply to anybody1 and will sympathize with your silence4 ,but ,i had to restate my position more clearly4 ,yours truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the following document is not a letter1 but a series of answers to a questionnaire upon the subject of religious belief1 which was sent out in #aijd by ,professor ,james ,b4 ,pratt of ,williams ,college1 and to which ,james filled out a reply at an unascertained date in the autumn of that year4 ,,questionnaire#ee ,it is being realized as never before that religion1 as one of the most important things in the life both of the community and of the individual1 deserves close and extended study4 ,such study can be of value only if based upon the personal experiences of many individuals4 ,if you are in sympathy with such study and are willing to assist in it1 will you kindly write out the answers to the following questions and return them with this questionnaire1 as soon as you conveniently can1 to ,,james ,b4 ,,pratt1 #bj ,shepard ,street1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,please answer the questions at length and in detail4 ,do not give philosophical generalizations1 but your own personal experience4 #a4 ,what does religion mean to you personally8 ,is it 7#a7 ,a belief that something exists8 ,yes4 7#b7 ,an emotional experience8 ,not powerfully so1 yet a social reality4 7#c7 ,a general attitude of the will toward ,god or toward righteousness6 ,it involves these4 7#d7 ,or something else8 ,if it has several elements1 which is for you the most important8 ,the social appeal for corroboration1 consolation1 etc41 when things are going wrong with my causes 7my truth denied71 etc4 #b4 ,what do you mean by ,god8 ,a combination of ,ideality and 7final7 efficacity4 7#a7 ,is ,he a person--if so1 what do you mean by ,his being a person8 ,he must be cognizant and responsive in some way4 7#b7 ,or is ,he only a ,force8 ,he must do4 7#c7 ,or is ,god an attitude of the ,universe toward you8 ,yes1 but more conscious4 ,god to me1 is not the only spiritual reality to believe in4 ,religion means primarily a universe of spiritual relations surrounding the earthly practical ones1 not merely relations of value1 but agencies and their activities4 ,i suppose that the chief premise for my hospitality towards the religious testimony of others is my conviction that normal or sane consciousness is so small a part of actual experience4 ,what e'er be true1 it is not true exclusively1 as philistine scientific opinion assumes4 ,the other kinds of consciousness bear witness to a much wider universe of experiences1 from which our belief selects and emphasizes such parts as best satisfy our needs4 ,how do you apprehend his relation to mankind and to you personally8 ,uncertain4 ,if your position on any of these matters is uncertain1 please state the fact4 #c4 ,why do you believe in ,god8 ,is it 7#a7 ,from some argument8 ,emphatically1 no4 ,or 7#b7 ,because you have experienced ,his presence8 ,no1 but rather because ,i need it so that it must be true4 ,or 7#c7 ,from authority1 such as that of the ,bible or of some prophetic person8 ,only the whole tradition of religious people1 to which something in me makes admiring response4 ,or 7#d7 ,from any other reason8 ,only for the social reasons4 ,if from several of these reasons1 please indicate carefully the order of their importance4 #d4 ,or do you not so much believe in ,god as want to use ,him8 ,i can't use him very definitely1 yet ,i believe4 ,do you accept ,him not so much as a real existent ,being1 but rather as an ideal to live by8 ,more as a more powerful ally of my own ideals4 ,if you should become thoroughly convinced that there was no ,god1 would it make any great difference in your life--either in happiness1 morality1 or in other respects8 ,hard to say4 ,it would surely make some difference4 #e4 ,is ,god very real to you1 as real as an earthly friend1 though different8 ,dimly real2 not as an earthly friend4 ,do you feel that you have experienced ,his presence8 ,if so1 please describe what you mean by such an experience4 ,never4 ,how vague or how distinct is it8 ,how does it affect you mentally and physically8 ,if you have had no such experience1 do you accept the testimony of others who claim to have felt ,god's presence directly8 ,please answer this question with special care and in as great detail as possible4 ,yes6 ,the whole line of testimony on this point is so strong that ,i am unable to pooh-pooh it away4 ,no doubt there is a germ in me of something similar that makes response4 #f4 ,do you pray1 and if so1 why8 ,that is1 is it purely from habit1 and social custom1 or do you really believe that ,god hears your prayers8 ,i can't possibly pray--,i feel foolish and artificial4 ,is prayer with you one-sided or two-sided--i4e41 do you sometimes feel that in prayer you receive something--such as strength or the divine spirit--from ,god8 ,is it a real communion8 #g4 ,what do you mean by spirituality8 ,susceptibility to ideals1 but with a certain freedom to indulge in imagination about them4 ,a certain amount of other worldly fancy4 ,otherwise you have mere morality1 or taste4 ,describe a typical spiritual person4 ,phillips ,brooks4 #h4 ,do you believe in personal immortality8 ,never keenly2 but more strongly as ,i grow older4 ,if so1 why8 ,because ,i am just getting fit to live4 #i4 ,do you accept the ,bible as authority in religious matters8 ,are your religious faith and your religious life based on it8 ,if so1 how would your belief in ,god and your life toward ,him and your fellow men be affected by loss of faith in the authority of the ,bible8 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,it is so human a book that ,i don't see how belief in its divine authorship can survive the reading of it4 #aj4 ,what do you mean by a religious experience8 ,any moment of life that brings the reality of spiritual things more home to one4 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,chocorua1 ,sept4 #ba1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,pauline1--,alice went off this morning to ,cambridge1 to get the house ready for the advent of the rest of us a week hence--viz41 ,wednesday the #bhth4 ,having breakfasted at #f3cj to bid her ,god speed1 the weather was so lordly fine 7after a heavy rain in the night7 that ,i trudged across lots to our hill-top1 which you never saw1 and now lie there with my back against a stone1 scribbling you these lines at half-past nine4 ,the vacation has run down with an appalling rapidity1 but all has gone well with us1 and ,i have been extraordinarily well and happy1 and mean to be a good boy all next winter1 to say nothing of remoter futures4 ,my brother ,henry stayed a delightful fortnight1 and seemed to enjoy nature here intensely--found so much sentiment and feminine delicacy in it all4 ,it is a pleasure to be with anyone who takes in things through the eyes4 ,most people don't4 ,the two savans who were here noticed absolutely nothing1 though they had never been in ,america before4 ,naturally ,i have wondered what things your eyes have been falling on4 ,many views from hill-tops8 ,many magic dells and brooks8 ,i hope so1 and that it has all done you endless good4 ,such a green and gold and scarlet morn as this would raise the dead4 ,i hope that your sister ,susan has also got great good from the summer1 and that the fair ,josephine is glad to be at home again1 and your mother reconciled to losing you4 ,perhaps even now you are preparing to go down4 ,i have only written as a ,lebenszeichen and to tell you of our dates4 ,i expect no reply1 till you write a word to say when you are to come to ,boston4 ,unhappily we can't ask you to ,irving ,st1 being mortgaged three deep to foreigners4 ,ever yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,it will be recalled that the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition had occurred shortly before the date of the last letter and had led a number of learned and scientific associations to hold international congresses in ,america4 ,james kept away from ,st4 ,louis1 but asked several foreign colleagues to visit him at ,chocorua or in ,cambridge before their return to ,europe4 ,among them were ,dr4 ,pierre ,janet of ,paris and his wife1 ,professor ,c4 ,lloyd ,morgan of ,bristol1 and ,professor ,harold ,hffding of ,copenhagen4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,cambridge1 ,oct4 #bf1 #aijd4 ,,dear ,,schiller1-- 444,last night the ,janets left us--a few days previous1 ,lloyd ,morgan4 ,i am glad to possess my soul for a while alone4 ,make much of dear old ,hffding1 who is a good pluralist and irrationalist4 ,i took to him immensely and so did everybody4 ,lecturing to my class1 he told against the ,absolutists an anecdote of an ,american child who asked his mother if ,god made the world in six days4 ,yes4--,the whole of it8--,yes4--,then it is finished1 all done8--,yes4--,then in what business now is ,god8 ,if he tells it in ,oxford you must reply3 ,sitting for his portrait to ,royce1 ,bradley1 and ,taylor4 ,don't return the ,mc,gill ,quarterly6--,i have another copy4 ,good-bye6 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,woodbridge4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #f1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,woodbridge1--,i appear to be growing into a graphomaniac4 ,truth boils over from my organism as muddy water from a ,yellowstone ,geyser4 ,here is another contribution to my radical empiricism1 which ,i send hot on the heels of the last one4 ,i promise that1 with the possible exception of one post-scriptual thing1 not more than eight pages of ,,ms4 long1 ,i shall do no more writing this academic year4 ,so if you accept this1#ef you have not much more to fear4444 ,i think1 on the whole1 that though the present article directly hitches on to the last words of my last article1 ,the ,thing and ,its ,relations1 the article called the ,essence of ,humanism had better appear before it4444 ,always truly yours ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,edwin ,d4 ,starbuck4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #ab1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,starbuck1--,i have read your article in ,no4 #b of ,hall's ,journal with great interest and profit4 ,it makes me eager for the book1 but pray take great care of your style in that--it seems to me that this article is less well written than your ,psychology of ,religion was1 less clear1 more involved1 more technical in language--probably the result of rapidity4 ,our ,american philosophic literature is dreadful from a literary point of view4 ,pierre ,janet told me he thought it was much worse than ,german stuff--and ,i begin to believe so2 technical and semi-technical language1 half-clear thought1 fluency1 and no composition6 ,turn your face resolutely the other way6 ,but ,i didn't start to say this4 ,your thought in this article is both important and original1 and ought to be worked out in the clearest possible manner4444 ,your thesis needs to be worked out with great care1 and as concretely as possible4 ,it is a difficult one to put successfully1 on account of the vague character of all its terms4 ,one point you should drive home is that the anti-religious attitudes 7,leuba's1 ,huxley's1 ,clifford's71 so far as there is any pathos in them1 obey exactly the same logic4 ,the real crux is when you come to define objectively the ideals to which feeling reacts4 ,god is a ,spirit--darauf geht es an--on the last available definition of the term ,spirit4 ,it may be very abstract4 ,love to ,mrs4 ,starbuck4 ,yours always truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,f4 ,j4 ,e4 ,woodbridge4 ,feb4 #bb1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,woodbridge1--,here's another6 ,but ,i solemnly swear to you that this shall be my very last offense for some months to come4 ,this is the postscriptual article#eg of which ,i recently wrote you1 and ,i have now cleaned up the pure-experience philosophy from all the objections immediately in sight4444 ,truly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,,xv #aije-aijg ,the ,last ,period 7,,ii7--,italy and ,greece--,philosophical ,congress in ,rome--,stanford ,university--,the ,earthquake--,resignation of ,professorship ,in the spring of #aije an escape from influenza1 from ,cambridge duties1 and from correspondents1 became imperative4 ,james had long wanted to see ,athens with his own eyes1 and he sailed on ,april #c for a short southern holiday4 ,during the journey he wrote letters to almost no one except his wife4 ,on his way back from ,athens he stopped in ,rome with the purpose of seeing certain young ,italian philosophers4 ,a ,philosophical ,congress was being held there at the time2 and ,james1 though he had originally declined the invitation to attend it1 inevitably became involved in its proceedings and ended by seizing the occasion to discuss his theory of consciousness4 ,it was obvious that the appropriate language in which to address a full meeting of the ,congress would be ,french1 and so he shut himself up in his hotel and composed ,la ,notion de ,conscience4 ,his experience in writing this paper threw an instructive sidelight on his process of composition4 ,ordinarily--when he was writing in ,english--twenty-five sheets of manuscript1 written in a large hand and corrected1 were a maximum achievement for one day4 ,the address in ,rome was not composed in ,english and then translated1 but was written out in ,french4 ,when he had finished the last lines of one day's work1 ,james found to his astonishment that he had completed and corrected over forty pages of manuscript4 ,the inhibitions which a habit of careful attention to points of style ordinarily called into play were largely inoperative when he wrote in a language which presented to his mind a smaller variety of possible expressions1 and thus imposed limits upon his self-criticism4 ,in the following year 7#aijf71 ,james took leave of absence from ,harvard in ,january and accepted an invitation from ,stanford ,university to give a course during its spring term4 ,he planned the course as a general introduction to ,philosophy4 ,had he not been interrupted by the ,san ,francisco earthquake1 he would have rehearsed much of the projected ,introductory ,textbook of ,philosophy1 in which he meant to outline his metaphysical system4 ,but the earthquake put an end to the ,stanford lectures in ,april1 as the reader will learn more fully4 ,in the ensuing autumn and winter 7#aijg71 ,james made the same material the basis of a half-year's work with his last ,harvard class4 ,in ,november1 #aijf1 the lectures which compose the volume called ,pragmatism were written out and delivered in ,november at the ,lowell ,institute in ,boston4 ,in ,january1 #aijg1 they were repeated at ,columbia ,university1 and then ,james published them in the spring4 ,the time had now come for him to stop regular teaching altogether4 ,he had been continuing to teach1 partly in deference to the wishes of the ,college2 but it had become evident that he must have complete freedom to use his strength and time for writing when he could write1 for special lectures1 like the series on ,pragmatism1 when such might serve his ends1 and for rest and change when recuperation became necessary4 ,so1 in ,february1 #aijg1 he sent his resignation to the ,harvard ,corporation4 ,the last meeting of his class ended in a way for which he was quite unprepared4 ,his undergraduate students presented him with a silver loving-cup1 the graduate students and assistants with an inkwell4 ,there were a couple of short speeches1 and words were spoken by which he was very much moved4 ,unfortunately there was no record of what was said4 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,,amalfi1 ,mar4 #cj1 #aije4 444,it is good to get something in full measure1 without haggling or stint1 and today ,i have had the picturesque ladled out in buckets full1 heaped up and running over4 ,i never realized the beauties of this shore1 and forget 7in my habit of never noticing proper names till ,i have been there7 whether you have ever told me of the drive from ,sorrento to this place4 ,anyhow1 ,i wish that you could have taken it with me this day4 ,thank ,god for this day6 ,we came to ,sorrento by steamer1 and at #aj3cj got away in a carriage1 lunching at the half-way village of ,positano2 and proceeding through ,amalfi to ,ravello1 high up on the mountain side1 whence back here in time for a #g3ae o'clock dinner4 ,practically six hours driving through a scenery of which ,i had never realized the beauty1 or rather the interest1 from previous descriptions4 ,the lime-stone mountains are as strong as anything in ,switzerland1 though of course much smaller4 ,the road1 a ,cornice affair cut for the most part on the face of cliffs1 and crossing little ravines 7with beaches7 on the side of which nestle hamlets1 is positively ferocious in its grandeur1 and on the side of it the azure sea1 dreaming and blooming like a bed of violets4 ,i didn't look for such ,swiss strength1 having heard of naught but beauty4 ,it seems as if this were a race such that1 when anyone wished to express an emotion of any kind1 he went and built a bit of stone-wall and limed it onto the rock1 so that now1 when they have accumulated1 the works of ,god and man are inextricably mixed1 and it is as if mankind had been a kind of immemorial coral insect4 ,every possible square yard is terraced up1 reclaimed and planted1 and the human dwellings are the fiercest examples of cliff-building1 cave-habitation1 staircase and foot-path you can imagine4 ,how ,i do wish that you could have been along today4444 ,mar4 #ca1 #aije4 ,from half-past four to half-past six ,i walked alone through the old ,naples1 hilly streets1 paved from house to house and swarming with the very poor1 vocal with them too 7their voices carry so that every child seems to be calling to the whole street1 goats1 donkeys1 chickens1 and an occasional cow mixed in71 and no light of heaven getting indoors4 ,the street floor composed of cave-like shops1 the people doing their work on chairs in the street for the sake of light1 and in the black inside1 beds and a stove visible among the implements of trade4 ,such light and shade1 and grease and grime1 and swarm1 and apparent amiability would be hard to match4 ,i have come here too late in life1 when the picturesque has lost its serious reality4 ,time was when hunger for it haunted me like a passion1 and such sights would have then been the solidest of mental food4 ,i put up then with such inferior substitutional suggestions as ,geneva and ,paris afforded--but these black old ,naples streets are not suggestions1 they are the reality itself--full orchestra4 ,i have got such an impression of the essential sociability of this race1 especially in the country4 ,a smile will go so far with them--even without the accompanying copper4 ,and the children are so sweet4 ,tell ,aleck to drop his other studies1 learn ,italian 7real ,italian1 not the awful gibberish ,i try to speak71 cultivate his beautiful smile1 learn a sentimental song or two1 bring a tambourine or banjo1 and come down here and fraternize with the common people along the coast--he can go far1 and make friends1 and be a social success1 even if he should go back to a clean hotel of some sort for sleep every night4444 ,to his ,daughter4 ,on board ,s4,s4 ,ornogne1 approaching ,,pir,,us1 ,,greece1 ,apr4 #c1 #aije4 ,,darling ,,peg1--,your loving ,dad is surely in luck sailing over this almost oily sea1 under the awning on deck1 past the coast of ,greece 7whose snow-capped mountains can be seen on the horizon71 towards the ,pirus1 where we are due to arrive at about two4 ,i had some misgivings about the steamer from ,marseilles1 but she has turned out splendid1 and the voyage perfect4 ,a #djjj-ton boat1 bran new as to all her surface equipment1 stateroom all to myself1 by a happy stroke of luck 7the boat being full71 clean absolutely1 large open window1 sea like ,lake ,champlain1 with the color of ,lake ,leman1 about a hundred and twenty first-class passengers of the most interesting description1 one sixth ,english archeologists1 one sixth ,english tourists1 one third ,french archeologists1 etc41--an international archeological congress opens at ,athens this week1--the rest ,dagoes quelconques1 many distinguished men1 almost all educated and pronounced individualities1 and so much acquaintance and sociability1 that the somewhat small upper deck on which ,i write resounds with conversation like an afternoon tea4 ,the meals are tip-top1 and the whole thing almost absurdly ideal in its kind4 ,i only wish your mother could be wafted here for one hour1 to sit by my side and enjoy the scene4 ,the best feature of the boat is little ,miss ,boyd1 the ,cretan excavatress1 from ,smith ,college1 a perfect little trump of a thing1 who has been through the ,greco-,turkish war as nurse 7as well as being nurse at ,tampa during our ,cuban war71 and is the simplest1 most generally intelligent little thing1 who knows ,greece by heart and can smooth one's path beautifully4 ,waldstein of ,cambridge is on board1 also ,m4 ,sylvain of the ,thtre ,franais1 and his daughter--going to recite prologues or something at the representation of ,sophocles's ,antigone1 which is to take place--he looking just like your uncle ,henry--both eminent comedians--,i mean the two ,sylvains4 ,on the bench opposite me is the most beautiful woman on board1 a sort of ,mary ,salter translated into ,french1 though she is with rather common men4 ,well1 now ,i will stop1 and use my ,zeiss glass on the land1 which is getting nearer4 ,my heart wells over with love and gratitude at having such a family--meaning ,alice1 you1 ,harry1 ,bill1 ,aleck1 and ,mother-in-law--and resolutions to live so as to be more worthy of them4 ,i will finish this on land4 99 99 99 99 99 ,well1 dear family1--,we got in duly in an indescribable embrouillement of small boats 7our boatman1 by the way1 when ,miss ,boyd asked him his name1 replied ,dionysos2 our wine-bottle was labelled ,john ,solon and ,co471 sailing past the ,island of gina and the ,bay of ,salamis1 with the ,parthenon visible ahead--a worthy termination to a delightful voyage4 ,we drove the three miles from the ,pirus in a carriage1 common and very dusty country road1 also close by the ,parthenon1 through the cheap little town to this hotel1 after which ,george ,putnam and ,i1 washing our hands1 strolled forth to see what we could1 the first thing being ,mrs4 ,sam ,hoar at the theatre of ,bacchus4 ,then the rest of the ,acropolis1 which is all and more than all the talk4 ,there is a mystery of rightness about that ,parthenon that ,i cannot understand4 ,it sets a standard for other human things1 showing that absolute rightness is not out of reach4 ,but ,i am not in descriptive mood1 so ,i spare you4 ,suffice it that ,i couldn't keep the tears from welling into my eyes4 ,j'ai vu la beaut parfaite4 ,santayana is in a neighboring hotel1 but we have missed each other thrice4 ,the ,forbeses are on the ,peloponnesus1 but expected back tomorrow4 ,well1 dear ones all1 good-night6 ,thus far1 and no farther6 ,hence ,i turn westward again4 ,the ,greek lower orders seem far less avid and rapacious than the ,southern ,italians4 ,god bless you all4 ,i must get to another hotel1 and be more to myself4 ,good and dear as the ,putnams are and extremely helpful as they've been1 it keeps me too much in company4 ,good-night again4 ,your loving father1 respective husband1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,,rome1 ,apr4 #be1 #aije4 444,strong telegraphed me yesterday from ,lausanne that he 444 expected to be at ,cannes on the #dth of ,may4 ,i was glad of this1 for ,i had been feeling more and more as if ,i ought to stay here1 and it makes everything square out well4 ,this morning ,i went to the meeting-place of the ,congress to inscribe myself definitely1 and when ,i gave my name1 the lady who was taking them almost fainted1 saying that all ,italy loved me1 or words to that effect1 and called in poor ,professor de ,sanctis1 the ,vice ,president or ,secretary or whatever1 who treated me in the same manner1 and finally got me to consent to make an address at one of the general meetings1 of which there are four1 in place of ,sully1 ,flournoy1 ,richet1 ,lipps1 and ,brentano1 who were announced but are not to come4 ,i fancy they have been pretty unscrupulous with their program here1 printing conditional futures as categorical ones4 ,so ,i'm in for it again1 having no power to resist flattery4 ,i shall try to express my ,does ,consciousness ,exist8 in twenty minutes--and possibly in the ,french tongue6 ,strange after the deep sense of nothingness that has been besetting me the last two weeks 7mere fatigue symptom7 to be told that my name was attracting many of the young professors to the ,congress6 ,then ,i went to the ,museum in the baths of ,diocletian or whatever it is1 off there by the ,r4 ,r41 then to the ,capitol1 and then to lunch off the ,corso1 at a restaurant1 after buying a ,french book whose author says in his preface that ,sully1 ,w4 ,j41 and ,bergson are his masters4 ,and ,i am absolute #j in my own home6444 ,apr4 #cj1 #aije4 #g ,p4,m4 444,if you never had a tired husband1 at least you've got one now6 ,the ideer of being in such delightful conditions and interesting surroundings1 and being conscious of nothing but one's preposterous physical distress1 is too ridiculous6 ,i have just said good-bye to my circle of admirers1 relatively youthful1 at the hotel door1 under the pretext 7a truth until this morning7 that ,i had to get ready to go to ,lausanne tonight1 and ,i taper off my activity by subsiding upon you4 ,yesterday till three1 and the day before till five1 ,i was writing my address1 which this morning ,i gave--in ,french4 ,i wrote it carefully and surprised myself by the ease with which ,i slung the ,gallic accent and intonation1 being excited by the occasion4#eh ,janet expressed himself as stupfait1 from the linguistic point of view4 ,the thing lasted #dj minutes1 and was followed by a discussion which showed that the critics with one exception had wholly failed to catch the point of view2 but that was quite en rgle1 so ,i don't care2 and ,i have given the thing to ,claparde to print in ,flournoy's ,archives4 ,the ,congress was far too vast1 but filled with strange and interesting creatures of all sorts1 and socially very nutritious to anyone who can stand sociability without distress4 ,a fte of some sort every day--this ,p4,m4 ,i have just returned from a great afternoon tea given us by some ,minister at the ,borghese ,palace--in the ,museum4 7,the ,king1 you know1 has bought the splendid ,borghese park and given it to the ,city of ,rome as a democratic possession in perpetuo4 ,a splendid gift47 ,the pictures too6 ,tonight there is a great banquet with speeches1 to which of course ,i can't go4 ,i lunched at the da ,vitis1--a big table full1 she very simple and nice1--and ,i have been having this afternoon a very good and rather intimate talk with the little band of pragmatists1 ,papini1 ,vailati1 ,calderoni1 ,amendola1 etc41 most of whom inhabit ,florence1 publish the monthly journal ,leonardo at their own expense1 and carry on a very serious philosophic movement1 apparently really inspired by ,schiller and myself 7,i never could believe it before1 although ,ferrari had assured me71 and show an enthusiasm1 and also a literary swing and activity that ,i know nothing of in our own land1 and that probably our damned academic technics and ,ph4,d4-machinery and university organization prevents from ever coming to a birth4 ,these men1 of whom ,ferrari is one1 are none of them ,fach-philosophers1 and few of them teachers at all4 ,it has given me a certain new idea of the way in which truth ought to find its way into the world4 ,i have seen such a lot of important-looking faces1--probably everything in the stock in the shop-window1--and witnessed such charmingly gracious manners1 that it is a lesson4 ,the woodenness of our ,anglo-,saxon social ways6 ,i had a really splendid audience for quality this ,a4,m4 7about #bjj71 even though they didn't understand4444 ,to ,george ,santayana4 ,,orvieto1 ,may #b1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,santayana1--,i came here yesterday from ,rome and have been enjoying the solitude4 ,i stayed at the exquisite ,albergo de ,russie1 and didn't shirk the ,congress--in fact they stuck me for a general address1 to fill the vacuum left by ,flournoy and ,sully1 who had been announced and came not 7,i spoke agin consciousness1 but nobody understood7 and ,i got fearfully tired4 ,on the whole it was an agreeable nightmare--agreeable on account of the perfectly charming gentillezza of the bloody ,dagoes1 the way they caress and flatter you--il piu grand psicologo del mondo1 etc41 and of the elaborate provisions for general entertainment--nightmare1 because of my absurd bodily fatigue4 ,however1 these things are neither here nor there4 ,what ,i really write to you for is to tell you to send 7if not sent already7 your ,life of ,reason to the ,revue de ,philosophie1 or rather to its editor1 ,m4 ,peillaube1 ,rue des ,revues #afj1 and to the editor of ,leonardo 7the great little ,florentine philosophical journal71 ,sig4 ,giovanni ,papini1 #ad ,borgo ,albizi1 ,florence4 ,the most interesting1 and in fact genuinely edifying1 part of my trip has been meeting this little cnacle1 who have taken my own writings1 entre autres1 au grand srieux1 but who are carrying on their philosophical mission in anything but a technically serious way1 inasmuch as ,leonardo 7of which ,i have hitherto only known a few odd numbers7 is devoted to good and lively literary form4 ,the sight of their belligerent young enthusiasm has given me a queer sense of the gray-plaster temperament of our bald-headed young ,ph4,d4's1 boring each other at seminaries1 writing those direful reports of literature in the ,philosophical ,review and elsewhere1 fed on books of reference1 and never confounding sthetik with ,erkentnisstheorie4 ,faugh6 ,i shall never deal with them again--on those terms6 ,can't you and ,i1 who in spite of such divergence have yet so much in common in our ,weltanschauung1 start a systematic movement at ,harvard against the desiccating and pedantifying process8 ,i have been cracking you up greatly to both ,peillaube and ,papini1 and quoted you twice in my speech1 which was in ,french and will be published in ,flournoy's ,archives de ,psychologie4 ,i hope you're enjoying the ,eastern ,empire to the full1 and that you had some ,grecian country life4 ,mnsterberg has been called to ,koenigsberg and has refused4 ,better be ,america's ancestor than ,kant's successor6 ,ostwald1 to my great delight1 is coming to us next year1 not as your replacer1 but in exchange with ,germany for ,f4 ,g4 ,peabody4 ,i go now to ,cannes1 to meet ,strong1 back from his operation4 ,ever truly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,,cannes1 ,may #ac1 #aije4 444,i came ,sunday night1 and this is ,saturday4 ,the six days have been busy ones in one sense1 but have rested me very much in another4 ,no sight-seeing fatigues1 but more usual1 and therefore more normal occupations4444 ,i have written some #be letters1 long and short1 to ,european correspondents since being here1 have walked and driven with ,strong1 and have had philosophy hot and heavy with him almost all the time4 ,i never knew such an unremitting1 untiring1 monotonous addiction as that of his mind to truth4 ,he goes by points1 pinning each one definitely1 and has1 ,i think1 the very clearest mind ,i ever knew4 ,add to it his absolute sincerity and candor and it is no wonder that he is a growing man4 ,i suspect that he will outgrow us all1 for his rate accelerates1 and he never stands still4 ,he is an admirable philosophic figure1 and ,i am glad to say that in most things he and ,i are fully in accord4 ,he gains a great deal from such talks1 noting every point down afterwards1 and ,i gain great stimulation1 though in a vaguer way4 ,i shall be glad1 however1 on ,monday afternoon1 to relax4444 ,to ,mrs4 ,james4 ,post-card ,,geneva1 ,may #ag1 #aije4 ,so far1 thank ,heaven1 on my way towards home6 ,a rather useful time with the superior1 but sticky ,x----1 at ,marseilles1 and as far as ,lyons in the train1 into which an hour beyond ,lyons there came 7till then ,i was alone in my compartment7 a ,spanish bishop1 canon and familar1 an aged holy woman1 sister of the bishop1 a lay-brother and sister1 a dog1 and more baggage than ,i ever saw before1 including a feather-bed4 ,they spoke no ,french--the bishop about as much ,italian as ,i1 and the lay-sister as much of ,english as ,i of ,spanish4 ,they took out their rosaries and began mumbling their litanies forthwith1 whereon ,i took off my hat1 which seemed to touch them so1 when they discovered ,i was a ,protestant1 that we all grew very affectionate and ,i soon felt ashamed of the way in which ,i had at first regarded their black and superstitious invasion of my privacy4 ,good1 saintly people on their way to ,rome4 ,i go now to our old haunts and to the ,flournoys'4444 ,w4 ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,s4 ,s4 ,,cedric1 ,june #f1 #aije4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,wells1--,i have just read your ,utopia 7given me by ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller on the one day that ,i spent in ,oxford on my way back to ,cambridge1 ,mass41 after a few weeks on the ,continent71 and ,anticipations1 and ,mankind in the ,making having duly preceded1 together with numerous other lighter volumes of yours1 the summation of stimuli reaches the threshold of discharge and ,i can't help overflowing in a note of gratitude4 ,you have your faults1 as who has not8 but your virtues are unparalleled and transcendent1 and ,i believe that you will prove to have given a shove to the practical thought of the next generation that will be amongst the greatest of its influences for good4 ,all in the line of the ,english genius too1 no wire-drawn ,french doctrines1 and no ,german shop technicalities inflicted in an unerbittlich consequent manner1 but everywhere the sense of the full concrete1 and the air of freedom playing through all the joints of your argument4 ,you have a tri-dimensional human heart1 and to use your own metaphor1 don't see different levels projected on one plane4 ,in this last book you beautifully soften cocksureness by the penumbra of the outlines--in fact you're a trump and a jewel1 and for human perception you beat ,kipling1 and for hitting off a thing with the right word1 you are unique4 ,heaven bless and preserve you6--,you are now an eccentric2 perhaps #ej years hence you will figure as a classic6 ,your ,samurai chapter is magnificent1 though ,i find myself wondering what developments in the way of partisan politics those same ,samurai would develop1 when it came to questions of appointment and running this or that man in4 ,that ,i believe to be human nature's ruling passion4 ,live long6 and keep writing2 and believe me1 yours admiringly and sincerely1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,cambridge1 ,july #ah #aije4 ,,dear ,h41--,you asked me how rich ,i was getting by my own 7as distinguished from your7 exertions4444 ,i find on reaching home today a letter from ,longmans1 ,green ,co4 with a check 444 which ,i have mailed to your house in ,state ,street4444 ,this ought to please you slightly2 but don't reply6 ,instead1 think of the virtues of ,roosevelt1 either as permanent sovereign of this great country1 or as ,president of ,harvard ,university4 ,i've been having a discussion with ,fanny ,morse about him1 which has resulted in making me his faithful henchman for life1 ,fanny was so violent4 ,think of the mighty good-will of him1 of his enjoyment of his post1 of his power as a preacher1 of the number of things to which he gives his attention1 of the safety of his second thoughts1 of the increased courage he is showing1 and above all of the fact that he is an open1 instead of an underground leader1 whom the voters can control once in four years1 when he runs away1 whose heart is in the right place1 who is an enemy of red tape and quibbling and everything that in general the word politician stands for4 ,that significance of him in the popular mind is a great national asset1 and it would be a shame to let it run to waste until it has done a lot more work for us4 ,his ambitions are not selfish--he wants to do good only6 ,bless him--and damn all his detractors like you and ,f4 ,m46#ei ,don't reply1 but vote6 ,your affectionately ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry4 ,cambridge1 ,aug4 #bd1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,thos6--,you're a philosophe sans le savoir and1 when you write your treatise against philosophy1 you will be classed as the arch-metaphysician4 ,every philosopher 7,w4 ,j41 e4g47 pretends that all the others are metaphysicians against whom he is simply defending the rights of common sense4 ,as for ,nietzsche1 the worst break of his ,i recall was in a posthumous article in one of the ,french reviews a few months back4 ,in his high and mighty way he was laying down the law about all the ,european countries4 ,russia1 he said1 is the only one that has any possible future--and that she owes to the strength of the principle of autocracy to which she alone remains faithful1 ,unfortunately one can't appeal to the principle of democracy to explain ,japan's recent successes4 ,i am very glad you've done something about poor dear old ,john ,fiske1 and ,i should think that you would have no difficulty in swelling it up to the full ,beacon ,biography size4 ,if you want an extra anecdote1 you might tell how1 when ,chauncey ,wright1 ,chas4 ,peirce1 ,st4 ,john ,green1 ,warner and ,i appointed an evening to discuss the ,cosmic ,philosophy1 just out1 ,j4 ,f4 went to sleep under our noses4 ,i hope that life as a farmer agrees with you1 and that your womenkind wish nothing better than to be farmers' wives1 daughters or other relatives4 ,unluckily we let our farm this summer2 so ,i am here in ,cambridge with ,alice1 both of us a prey to as bad an attack of grippe as the winter solstice ever brought forth4 ,today1 the #ajth day1 ,i am weaker than any kitten4 ,don't ever let your farm6 ,affectionately1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,nov4 #aj1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,miller1--,w4 ,r4 ,warren has just been here and says he has just seen you2 the which precipitates me into a letter to you which has long hung fire4 ,i hope that all goes well4 ,you must be in a rather cheerful quarter of the ,city4 ,do you go home ,sundays1 or not8 ,i hope that the work is congenial4 ,how do you like your students as compared with those here8 ,i reckon you get more out of your colleagues than you did here--barring of course der ,einzige4 ,we are all such old stories to each other that we say nothing4 ,santayana is the only one about whom we had any curiosity1 and he has now quenched that4 ,perry and ,holt have some ideas in reserve4444 ,the fact is that the classroom exhausts our powers of speech4 ,royce has never made a syllable of reference to all the stuff ,i wrote last year--to me1 ,i mean4 ,he may have spoken of it to others1 if he has read1 it1 which ,i doubt4 ,so we live in parallel trenches and hardly show our heads4 ,santayana's book#fj is a great one1 if the inclusion of opposites is a measure of greatness4 ,i think it will probably be reckoned great by posterity4 ,it has no rational foundation1 being merely one man's way of viewing things3 so much of experience admitted and no more1 so much criticism and questioning admitted and no more4 ,he is a paragon of ,emersonianism4--declare your intuitions1 though no other man share them2 and the integrity with which he does it is as fine as it is rare4 ,and his naturalism1 materialism1 ,platonism1 and atheism form a combination of which the centre of gravity is1 ,i think1 very deep4 ,but there is something profoundly alienating in his unsympathetic tone1 his preciousness and superciliousness4 ,the book is ,emerson's first rival and successor1 but how different the reader's feeling6 ,the same things in ,emerson's mouth would sound entirely different4 ,e4 receptive1 expansive1 as if handling life through a wide funnel with a great indraught2 ,s4 as if through a pin-point orifice that emits his cooling spray outward over the universe like a nose-disinfectant from an atomizer4 444 ,i fear that the real originality of the book will be lost on nineteen-twentieths of the members of the ,philosophical and ,psychological ,association66 ,the enemies of ,harvard will find lots of blasphemous texts in him to injure us withal4 ,but it is a great feather in our cap to harbor such an absolutely free expresser of individual convictions4 ,but enough6 ,phil4 #i is going well4 ,i think ,i lecture better than ,i ever did2 in fact ,i know ,i do4 ,but this professional evolution goes with an involution of all miscellaneous faculty4 ,i am well1 and efficient enough1 but purposely going slow so as to keep efficient into the ,palo ,alto summer1 which means that ,i have written nothing4 ,i am pestered by doubts as to whether to put my resignation through this year1 in spite of opposition1 or to drag along another year or two4 ,i think it is inertia against energy1 energy in my case meaning being my own man absolutely4 ,american philosophers1 young and old1 seem scratching where the wool is short4 ,important things are being published2 but all of them too technical4 ,the thing will never clear up satisfactorily till someone writes out its resultant in decent ,english4444 99 99 99 99 99 ,the reader will have understood the ,palo ,alto summer to refer to the lectures to be delivered at ,stanford ,university during the coming spring4 ,the ,stanford engagement was again in ,james's mind when he spoke1 in the next letter1 of dreading the prospect of lecturing till mid-,may4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #f1 #aije4 ,,dear ,,miller1-- 444,you seem to take radical empiricism more simply than ,i can4 ,what ,i mean by it is the thesis that there is no fact not actually experienced to be such4 ,in other words1 the concept of being or fact is not wider than or prior to the concept content of experience2 and you can't talk of experiences being this or that1 but only of things experienced as being this or that4 ,but such a thesis would1 it seems to me1 if literally taken1 force one to drop the notion that in point of fact one experience is ex another1 so long as the ex-ness is not itself a content of experience4 ,in the matter of two minds not having the same content1 it seems to me that your view commits you to an assertion about their experiences2 and such an assertion assumes a realm in which the experiences lie1 which overlaps and surrounds the content of them4 ,this1 it seems to me1 breaks down radical empiricism1 which ,i hate to do2 and ,i can't yet clearly see my way out of the quandary4 ,i am much boggled and muddled2 and the total upshot with me is to see that all the hoary errors and prejudices of man in matters philosophical are based on something pretty inevitable in the structure of our thinking1 and to distrust summary executions by conviction of contradiction4 ,i suspect your execution of being too summary2 but ,i have copied the last paragraph of the sheets 7which ,i return with heartiest thanks7 for the extraordinarily neat statement4444 ,i dread the prospect of lecturing till mid-,may1 but the wine being ordered1 ,i must drink it4 ,i dislike lecturing more and more4 ,have just definitely withdrawn my candidacy for the ,sorbonne job1 with great internal relief1 and wish ,i could withdraw from the whole business1 and get at writing4#fa ,not a line of writing possible this year--except of course occasional note-making4 ,all the things that one is really concerned with are too nice and fine to use in lectures4 ,you remember the definition of ,t4 ,h4 ,greene's student3 ,the universe is a thick complexus of intelligible relations4 ,yesterday ,i got my system similarly defined in an examination-book1 by a student whom ,i appear to have converted to the view that the ,universe is a vague pulsating mass of next-to-next movement1 always feeling its way along to a good purpose1 or trying to4 ,that is about as far as lectures can carry them4 ,i particularly like the trying to4 ,i wish ,i could have been at your recent discussion4 ,i am getting impatient with the awful abstract rigmarole in which our ,american philosophers obscure the truth4 ,it will be fatal4 ,it revives the palmy days of ,hegelianism4 ,it means utter relaxation of intellectual duty1 and ,god will smite it4 ,if there's anything he hates1 it is that kind of oozy writing4 ,i have just read ,busse's book1 in which ,i find a lot of reality by the way1 but a pathetic waste of work on side issues--for against the ,strong-,heymans view of things1 it seems to me that he brings no solid objection whatever4 ,heymans's book is a wonder4#fb ,good-bye1 dear ,miller4 ,come to us1 if you can1 as soon as your lectures are over4 ,your affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,post-card ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #i4 #aije4 ,my idea of ,algebra1 says a non-mathematically-minded student1 is that it is a sort of form of low cunning4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,daniel ,merriman4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #i1 #aije4 ,no1 dear ,merriman1 not e'en for thy sake4 ,after an unblemished record of declining to give addresses1 successfully maintained for four years 7,i have certainly declined #ajj in the past twelve-month71 ,i am not going to break down now1 for ,abbot ,academy1 and go dishonored to my grave4 ,it is better1 as the ,bhagavat-,gita says1 to lead your own life1 however bad1 than to lead another's1 however good4 ,emerson teaches the same doctrine1 and ,i live by it as bad and congenial a life as ,i can4 ,if there is anything that ,god despises more than a man who is constantly making speeches1 it is another man who is constantly accepting invitations4 ,what must he think1 when they are both rolled into one8 ,get thee behind me1 ,merriman1--,i 'm sure that your saintly partner would never have sent me such a request1--and believe me1 as ever1 fondly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,el ,,tovar1 ,,grand ,,canyon1 ,,arizona1 ,jan4 #c1 #aijf4 ,,dear ,,paolina1--,i am breaking my journey by a day here1 and it seems a good place from which to date my ,new ,year's greeting to you4 ,but we correspond so rarely that when it comes to the point of tracing actual words with the pen1 the last impressions of one's day and the more permanent interest of one's life block the way for each other4 ,i think1 however1 that a word about the ,canyon may fitly take precedence4 ,it certainly is equal to the brag2 and1 like so many of the more stupendous freaks of nature1 seems at first-sight smaller and more manageable than one had supposed4 ,but it grows in immensity as the eye penetrates it more intimately4 ,it is so entirely alone in character1 that one has no habits of association with the likes of it1 and at first it seems a foreign curiosity2 but already in this one day ,i am feeling myself grow nearer1 and can well imagine that1 with greater intimacy1 it might become the passion of one's life--so far as ,nature goes4 ,the conditions have been unfavorable for intimate communion4 ,three degrees above zero1 and a spring overcoat1 prevent that forgetting of self which is said to be indispensable to absorption in ,beauty4 ,moreover1 ,i have kept upon the rim1 seeing the ,canyon from several points some miles apart4 ,i meant to go down1 having but this day2 but they couldn't send me or any one today2 and ,i confess that1 with my precipice-disliking soul1 ,i was relieved1 though it very likely would have proved less uncomfortable than ,i have been told4 7,i resolved to go1 in order to be worthy of being your correspondent47 ,as ,chas4 ,lamb says1 there is nothing so nice as doing good by stealth and being found out by accident1 so ,i now say it is even nicer to make heroic decisions and to be prevented by circumstances beyond your control from even trying to execute them4 ,but if ever ,i get here in summer1 ,i shall go straight down and live there4 ,i'm sure that it is indispensable4 ,but it is vain to waste descriptive words on the wondrous apparition1 with its symphonies of architecture and of color4 ,i have just been watching its peaks blush in the setting sun1 and slowly lose their fire4 ,night nestling in the depths4 ,solemn1 solemn6 ,and a unity of design that makes it seem like an individual1 an animated being4 ,good-night1 old chasm6444 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,stanford ,,university1 ,feb4 #a1 #aijf4 ,,beloved ,h41--,verily 'tis long since ,i have written to thee1 but ,i have had many and mighty things to do1 and lately many business letters to write1 so ,i came not at it4 ,your last was your delightful reply to my remarks about your third manner1 wherein you said that you would consider your bald head dishonored if you ever came to pleasing me by what you wrote1 so shocking was my taste4#fc ,well6 only write for me1 and leave the question of pleasing open6 ,i have to admit that in ,the ,golden ,bowl and ,the ,wings of the ,dove1 you have succeeded in getting there after a fashion1 in spite of the perversity of the method and its longness1 which ,i am not the only one to deplore4 ,but enough6 let me tell you of my own fortunes6 ,i got here 7after five pestilentially close-aired days in the train1 and one entrancing one off at the ,grand ,canyon of the ,colorado7 on the #hth1 and have now given nine lectures1 to #cjj enrolled students and about #aej visitors1 partly colleagues4 ,i take great pains1 prepare a printed syllabus1 very fully2 and really feel for the first time in my life1 as if ,i were lecturing well4 ,high time1 after #cj years of practice6 ,it earns me #ejjj1 if ,i can keep it up till ,may #bgth2 but apart from that1 ,i think it is a bad way of expending energy4 ,i ought to be writing my everlastingly postponed book1 which this job again absolutely adjourns4 ,i can't write a line of it while doing this other thing4 7,a propos to which1 ,i got a telegram from ,eliot this ,a4,m41 asking if ,i would be ,harvard ,professor for the first half of next year at the ,university of ,berlin4 ,i had no difficulty in declining that1 but ,i probably shall not decline ,paris1 if they offer it to me year after next47 ,i am expecting ,alice to arrive in a fortnight4 ,i have got a very decent little second story1 just enough for the two of us1 or rather amply enough1 sunny1 good fire-place1 bathroom1 little kitchen1 etc41 on one of the three residential streets of the ,university land1 and with a boarding-house for meals just opposite1 we shall have a sort of honeymoon picnic time4 ,and1 sooth to say1 ,alice must need the simplification4444 ,you've seen this wonderful spot1 so ,i needn't describe it4 ,it is really a miracle2 and so simple the life and so benign the elements1 that for a young ambitious professor who wishes to leave his mark on ,pacific civilization while it is most plastic1 or for any one who wants to teach and work under the most perfect conditions for eight or nine months1 and who is able to get to the ,east1 or ,europe1 for the remaining three1 ,i can't imagine anything finer4 ,it is ,utopian4 ,perfection of weather4 ,cold nights1 though above freezing4 ,fire pleasant until #aj o'clock ,a4,m41 then unpleasant4 ,in short1 the simple life with all the essential higher elements thrown in as communal possessions4 ,the drawback is1 of course1 the great surrounding human vacuum--the historic silence fairly rings in your ears when you listen--and the social insipidity4 ,i'm glad ,i came1 and with ,god's blessing ,i may pull through4 ,one calendar month is over1 anyway4 ,do you know aught of ,g4 ,k4 ,chesterton8 ,i've just read his ,heretics4 ,a tremendously strong writer and true thinker1 despite his mannerism of paradox4 ,wells's ,kipps is good4 ,good-bye4 ,of course you 're breathing the fog of ,london while ,i am bathed in warmest lucency4 ,keep well4 ,your loving1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,stanford ,,university1 ,feb4 #i1 #aijf4 ,,dear ,,flournoy4--,your post-card of ,jan4 #bbnd arrives and reminds me how little ,i have communicated with you during the past twelve months4444 ,let me begin by congratulating ,mlle4 ,alice1 but more particularly ,mr4 ,werner1 on the engagement which you announce4 ,surely she is a splendid prize for anyone to capture4 ,i hope that it has been a romantic love-affair1 and will remain so to the end4 ,may her paternal and maternal example be the model which their married life will follow6 ,they could find no better model4 ,you do not tell the day of the wedding--probably it is not yet appointed4 ,yes6 ,richard ,hodgson's death was ultra-sudden4 ,he fell dead while playing a violent game of hand-ball4 ,he was tremendously athletic and had said to a friend only a week before that he thought he could reasonably count on twenty-five years more of life4 ,none of his work was finished1 vast materials amassed1 which no one can ever get acquainted with as he had gradually got acquainted2 so now good-bye forever to at least two unusually solid and instructive books which he would have soon begun to write on psychic subjects4 ,as a man1 ,hodgson was splendid1 a real man2 as an investigator1 it is my private impression that he lately got into a sort of obsession about ,mrs4 ,piper1 cared too little for other clues1 and continued working with her when all the sides of her mediumship were amply exhibited4 ,i suspect that our ,american ,branch of the ,s4,p4,r4 will have to dissolve this year1 for lack of a competent secretary4 ,hodgson was our only worker1 except ,hyslop1 and he is engaged in founding an ,institute of his own1 which will employ more popular methods4 ,to tell the truth1 ,i 'm rather glad of the prospect of the ,branch ending1 for the ,piper-investigation--and nothing else--had begun to bore me to extinction4444 ,to change the subject--you ought to see this extraordinary little ,university4 ,it was founded only fourteen years ago in the absolute wilderness1 by a pair of rich ,californians named ,stanford1 as a memorial to their only child1 a son who died at #af4 ,endowed with ,i know not how many square miles of land1 which some day will come into the market and yield a big income1 it has already funds that yield #gej1jjj yearly1 and buildings1 of really beautiful architecture1 that have been paid for out of income1 and have cost over #e1jjj1jjj4 7,i mention the cost to let you see that they must be solid47 ,there are now #aejj students of both sexes1 who pay nothing for tuition1 and a town of #ae1jjj inhabitants has grown up a mile away1 beyond the gates4 ,the landscape is exquisite and classical1 ,san ,francisco only an hour and a quarter away by train2 the climate is one of the most perfect in the world1 life is absolutely simple1 no one being rich1 servants almost unattainable 7most of the house-work being done by students who come in at odd hours71 many of them ,japanese1 and the professors' wives1 ,i fear1 having in great measure to do their own cooking4 ,no social excesses or complications therefore4 ,in fact1 nothing but essentials1 and all the essentials4 ,fine music1 for example1 every afternoon1 in the ,church of the ,university4 ,there couldn't be imagined a better environment for an intellectual man to teach and work in1 for eight or nine months in the year1 if he were then free to spend three or four months in the crowded centres of civilization--for the social insipidity is great here1 and the historic vacuum and silence appalling1 and one ought to be free to change4 ,unfortunately the authorities of the ,university seem not to be gifted with imagination enough to see its proper rle4 ,its geographical environment and material basis being unique1 they ought to aim at unique quality all through1 and get sommits to come here to work and teach1 by offering large stipends4 ,they might1 ,i think1 thus easily build up something very distinguished4 ,instead of which1 they pay small sums to young men who chafe at not being able to travel1 and whose wives get worn out with domestic drudgery4 ,the whole thing might be ,utopian2 it is only half-,utopian4 ,a characteristic ,american affair6 ,but the half-success is great enough to make one see the great advantages that come to this country from encouraging public-spirited millionaires to indulge their freaks1 however eccentric4 ,in what the ,stanfords have already done1 there is an assured potentiality of great things of some sort for all future time4 ,my coming here is an exception4 ,they have had psychology well represented from the first by ,frank ,angell and ,miss ,martin2 but no philosophy except for a year at a time4 ,i start a new rgime--next year they will have two good professors4 ,i lecture three times a week to #djj listeners1 printing a syllabus daily1 and making them read ,paulsen's textbook for examinations4 ,i find it hard work1#fd and only pray that ,i may have strength to run till ,june without collapsing4 ,the students1 though rustic1 are very earnest and wholesome4 ,i am pleased1 but also amused1 by what you say of ,woodbridge's ,journal3 la palme est maintenant l',amrique4 ,it is true that a lot of youngsters in that ,journal are doing some real thinking1 but of all the bad writing that the world has seen1 ,i think that our ,american writing is getting to be the worst4 ,x----'s ideas have unchained formlessness of expression that beats the bad writing of the ,hegelian epoch in ,germany4 ,i can hardly believe you sincere when you praise that journal as you do4 ,i am so busy teaching that ,i do no writing and but little reading this year4 ,i have declined to go to ,paris next year1 and also declined an invitation to ,berlin1 as ,international ,exchange ,professor4 ,the year after1 if asked1 ,i may go to ,paris--but never to ,berlin4 ,we have had ,ostwald1 a most delightful human ,erscheinung1 as international exchange at ,harvard this year4 ,but ,i don't believe in the system4444 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,,hotel ,,del ,,monte1 ,,monterey1 ,,cal41 ,apr4 #g1 #aijf4 444,what ,i really want to write about is ,papini1 the concluding chapter of his ,crepuscolo dei ,filosofi1 and the ,february number of the ,leonardo4 ,likewise ,dewey's ,beliefs and ,realities1 in the ,philosophical ,review for ,march4 ,i must be very damp powder1 slow to burn1 and ,i must be terribly respectful of other people1 for ,i confess that it is only after reading these things 7in spite of all you have written to the same effect1 and in spite of your tone of announcing judgment to a sinful world71 that ,i seem to have grasped the full import for life and regeneration1 the great perspective of the programme1 and the renovating character for all things1 of ,humanism2 and the outwornness as of a scarecrow's garments1 simulating life by flapping in the wind of nightfall1 of all intellectualism1 and the blindness and deadness of all who worship intellectualist idols1 the ,royces and ,taylors1 and1 worse than all1 their followers1 who1 with no inward excuse of nature 7being too unoriginal really to prefer anything71 just blunder on to the wrong scent1 when it is so easy to catch the right one1 and then stick to it with the fidelity of inorganic matter4 ,ha6 ha6 would that ,i were young again with this inspiration6 ,papini is a jewel6 ,to think of that little ,dago putting himself ahead of every one of us 7even of you1 with his ,uomo-,dio7 at a single stride4 ,and what a writer6 and what fecundity6 and what courage 7careless of nicknames1 for it is so easy to call him now the ,cyrano de ,bergerac of ,philosophy76 and what humor and what truth6 ,dewey's powerful stuff seems also to ring the death-knell of a sentenced world4 ,yet none of them will see it--,taylor will still write his refutations1 etc41 etc41 when the living world will all be drifting after us4 ,it is queer to be assisting at the closion of a great new mental epoch1 life1 religion1 and philosophy in one--,i wish ,i didn't have to lecture1 so that ,i might bear some part of the burden of writing it all out1 as we must do1 pushing it into all sort of details4 ,but ,i must for one year longer4 ,we don't get back till ,june1 but pray tell ,wells 7whose address fehlt mir7 to make our house his headquarters if he gets to ,boston and finds it the least convenient to do so4 ,our boys will hug him to their bosoms4 ,ever thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,the ,san ,francisco earthquake occurred at about five o'clock in the morning on ,april #ah4 ,rumors of the destruction wrought in the city reached ,stanford within a couple of hours and were easily credited1 for buildings had been shaken down at ,stanford4 ,miss ,l4 ,j4 ,martin1 a member of the philosophical department1 was thrown into great anxiety about relatives of hers who were in the city1 and ,james offered to accompany her in a search for them1 and left ,stanford with her by an early morning train4 ,he also promised ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,f4 ,snow to try to get her news of her husband4 ,miss ,martin found her relatives1 and ,james met ,dr4 ,snow early in the afternoon1 and then spent several hours in wandering about the stricken city4 ,he subsequently wrote an account of the disaster1 which may be found in ,memories and ,studies4#fe ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,,stanford ,,university1 ,apr4 #bb1 #aijf4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,three letters from you and nary one from us in all these weeks6 ,well1 ,i have been heavily burdened1 and although disposed to write1 have kept postponing2 and with ,alice--cooking1 washing dishes and doing housework1 as well as keeping up a large social life--it has been very much the same4 ,all is now over1 since the earthquake2 ,i mean that lectures and syllabuses are called off1 and no more exams to be held 7ill-wind1 etc471 so one can write4 ,we shall get ,east again as soon as we can manage it1 and tell you face to face4 ,we can now pose as experts on ,earthquakes--pardon the egotistic form of talking about the latter1 but it makes it more real4 ,the last thing ,bakewell said to me1 while ,i was leaving ,cambridge1 was3 ,i hope they'll treat you to a little bit of an earthquake while you're there4 ,it's a pity you shouldn't have that local experience4 ,well1 when ,i lay in bed at about half-past five that morning1 wide-awake1 and the room began to sway1 my first thought was1 ,here's ,bakewell's earthquake1 after all2 and when it went crescendo and reached fortissimo in less than half a minute1 and the room was shaken like a rat by a terrier1 with the most vicious expression you can possibly imagine1 it was to my mind absolutely an entity that had been waiting all this time holding back its activity1 but at last saying1 ,now1 go it6 and it was impossible not to conceive it as animated by a will1 so vicious was the temper displayed--everything down1 in the room1 that could go down1 bureaus1 etc41 etc41 and the shaking so rapid and vehement4 ,all the while no fear1 only admiration for the way a wooden house could prove its elasticity1 and glee over the vividness of the manner in which such an abstract idea as earthquake could verify itself into sensible reality4 ,in a couple of minutes everybody was in the street1 and then we saw1 what ,i hadn't suspected in my room1 the extent of the damage4 ,wooden houses almost all intact1 but every chimney down but one or two1 and the higher ,university buildings largely piles of ruins4 ,gabble and babble1 till at last automobiles brought the dreadful news from ,san ,francisco4 ,i boarded the only train that went to the ,city1 and got out in the evening on the only train that left4 ,i shouldn't have done it1 but that our co-habitant here1 ,miss ,martin1 became obsessed by the idea that she must see what had become of her sister1 and ,i had to stand by her4 ,was very glad ,i did2 for the spectacle was memorable1 of a whole population in the streets with what baggage they could rescue from their houses about to burn1 while the flames and the explosions were steadily advancing and making everyone move farther4 ,the fires most beautiful in the effulgent sunshine4 ,every vacant space was occupied by trunks and furniture and people1 and thousands have been sitting by them now for four nights and will have to longer4 ,the fire seems now controlled1 but the city is practically wiped out 7thank ,heaven1 as to much of its architecture674 ,the order has been wonderful1 even the criminals struck solemn by the disaster1 and the military has done great service4 ,but you will know all these details by the papers better than ,i know them now1 before this reaches you1 and in three weeks we shall be back4 ,i am very glad that ,jim's ,putnam lectures went off so well4 ,he wrote me himself a good letter--won't you1 by the way1 send him this one as a partial answer8--and his syllabus was first-rate and the stuff must have been helpful4 ,it is jolly to think of both him and ,marian really getting off together to enjoy themselves6 ,but between ,vesuvius and ,san ,francisco enjoyment has small elbow-room4 ,love to your mother1 dearest ,fanny1 to ,mary and the men folks1 from us both4 ,your ever affectionate1 ,w4 ,j4 ,a few days after the earthquake1 train-service from ,stanford to the ,east was restablished and ,james and his wife returned to ,cambridge4 ,the reader will infer correctly from the next letter that ,henry ,james 7and ,william ,james1 ,jr41 who was staying with him in ,rye7 had been in great anxiety and had been by no means reassured by the brief cablegram which was the only personal communication that it was possible to send them during the days immediately following the disaster4 ,to ,henry ,james and ,william ,james1 ,jr4 ,cambridge1 ,may #i1 #aijf4 ,,dearest ,,brother ,,and ,,son1--,your cablegram of response was duly received1 and we have been also joyous in the thought of your being together4 ,i knew1 of course1 ,henry1 that you would be solicitous about us in the earthquake1 but didn't reckon at all on the extremity of your anguish as evinced by your frequent cablegrams home1 and finally by the letter to ,harry which arrived a couple of days ago and told how you were unable to settle down to any other occupation1 the thought of our mangled forms1 hollow eyes1 starving bodies1 minds insane with fear1 haunting you so4 ,we never reckoned on this extremity of anxiety on your part1 ,i say1 and so never thought of cabling you direct1 as we might well have done from ,oakland on the day we left1 namely ,april #bgth4 ,i much regret this callousness on our part4 ,for all the anguish was yours2 and in general this experience only rubs in what ,i have always known1 that in battles1 sieges and other great calamities1 the pathos and agony is in general solely felt by those at a distance2 and although physical pain is suffered most by its immediate victims1 those at the scene of action have no sentimental suffering whatever4 ,everyone at ,san ,francisco seemed in a good hearty frame of mind2 there was work for every moment of the day and a kind of uplift in the sense of a common lot that took away the sense of loneliness that 7,i imagine7 gives the sharpest edge to the more usual kind of misfortune that may befall a man4 ,but it was a queer sight1 on our journey through the ,city on the #bfth 7eight days after the disaster71 to see the inmates of the houses of the quarter left standing1 all cooking their dinners at little brick camp-fires in the middle of the streets1 the chimneys being condemned4 ,if such a disaster had to happen1 somehow it couldn't have chosen a better place than ,san ,francisco 7where everyone knew about camping1 and was familiar with the creation of civilizations out of the bare ground71 and at five-thirty in the morning1 when few fires were lighted and everyone1 after a good sleep1 was in bed4 ,later1 there would have been great loss of life in the streets1 and the more numerous foci of conflagration would have burned the city in one day instead of four1 and made things vastly worse4 ,in general you may be sure that when any disaster befalls our country it will be you only who are wringing of hands1 and we who are smiling with interest or laughing with gleeful excitement4 ,i didn't hear one pathetic word uttered at the scene of disaster1 though of course the crop of nervous wrecks is very likely to come in a month or so4 ,although we have been home six days1 such has been the stream of broken occupations1 people to see1 and small urgent jobs to attend to1 that ,i have written no letter till now4 ,today1 one sees more clearly and begins to rest4 ,home looks extraordinarily pleasant1 and though damp and chilly1 it is the divine budding moment of the year4 ,not1 however1 the lustrous light and sky of ,stanford ,university4444 ,i have just read your paper on ,boston in the ,north ,american ,review4 ,i am glad you threw away the scabbard and made your critical remarks so straight4 ,what you say about pay here being the easily won salve for privations1 in view of which we cease to mind them1 is as true as it is strikingly pat4 ,les intellectuels1 wedged between the millionaires and the handworkers1 are the really pinched class here4 ,they feel the frustrations and they can't get the salve4 ,my attainment of so much pay in the past few years brings home to me what an all-benumbing salve it is4 ,that whole article is of your best4 ,we long to hear from ,w41 ,jr4 ,no word yet4 ,your ever loving1 ,w4 ,j4 ,in ,the ,energies of ,men there is a long quotation from an unnamed ,european correspondent who had been subjecting himself to ,yoga disciplinary exercise4 ,what follows is a comment written upon the first receipt of the report quoted in the ,energies4 ,to ,w4 ,lutoslawski4 ,cambridge1 ,may #f1 #aijf4 444,your long and beautiful letter about ,yoga1 etc41 greets me on my return from ,california4 ,it is a most precious human document1 and some day1 along with that sketch of your religious evolution and other shorter letters of yours1 it must see the light of day4 ,what strikes me first in it is the evidence of improved moral tone--a calm1 firm1 sustained joyousness1 hard to describe1 and striking a new note in your epistles--which is already a convincing argument of the genuineness of the improvement wrought in you by ,yoga practices4444 ,you are mistaken about my having tried ,yoga discipline--,i never meant to suggest that4 ,i have read several books 7,a4 ,b41 by the way1 used to be a student of mine1 but in spite of many noble qualities1 he always had an unbalanced mind--obsessed by certain morbid ideas1 etc471 and in the slightest possible way tried breathing exercises4 ,these go terribly against the grain with me1 are extremely disagreeable1 and1 even when tried this winter 7somewhat perseveringly71 to put myself asleep1 after lying awake at night1 failed to have any soporific effect4 ,what impresses me most in your narrative is the obstinate strength of will shown by yourself and your chela in your methodical abstentions and exercises4 ,when could ,i hope for such will-power8 ,i find1 when my general energy is in ,anspruch genommen by hard lecturing and other professional work1 that then particularly what little ascetic energy ,i have has to be remitted1 because the exertion of inhibitory and stimulative will required increases my general fatigue instead of tonifying me4 ,but your sober experience gives me new hopes4 ,your whole narrative suggests in me the wonder whether the ,yoga discipline may not be1 after all1 in all its phases1 simply a methodical way of waking up deeper levels of will-power than are habitually used1 and thereby increasing the individual's vital tone and energy4 ,i have no doubt whatever that most people live1 whether physically1 intellectually or morally1 in a very restricted circle of their potential being4 ,they make use of a very small portion of their possible consciousness1 and of their soul's resources in general1 much like a man who1 out of his whole bodily organism1 should get into a habit of using and moving only his little finger4 ,great emergencies and crises show us how much greater our vital resources are than we had supposed4 ,pierre ,janet discussed lately some cases of pathological impulsion or obsession in what he has called the psychasthenic type of individual1 bulimia1 exaggerated walking1 morbid love of feeling pain1 and explains the phenomenon as based on the underlying sentiment d'incompltude1 as he calls it1 or sentiment de l'irrel with which these patients are habitually afflicted1 and which they find is abolished by the violent appeal to some exaggerated activity or other1 discovered accidentally perhaps1 and then used habitually4 ,i was reminded of his article in reading your descriptions and prescriptions4 ,may the ,yoga practices not be1 after all1 methods of getting at our deeper functional levels8 ,and thus only be substitutes for entirely different crises that may occur in other individuals1 religious crises1 indignation-crises1 love-crises1 etc48 ,what you say of diet is in striking accordance with the views lately made popular by ,horace ,fletcher--,i dare say you have heard of them4 ,you see ,i am trying to generalize the ,yoga idea1 and redeem it from the pretension that1 for example1 there is something intrinsically holy in the various grotesque postures of ,hatha ,yoga4 ,i have spoken with various ,hindus1 particularly with three last winter1 one a ,yogi and apostle of ,vedanta2 one a ,christian of scientific training2 one a ,bramo-,somaj professor4 ,the former made great claims of increase of power1 but admitted that those who had it could in no way demonstrate it ad oculos1 to outsiders4 ,the other two both said that ,yoga was less and less frequently practised by the more intellectual1 and that the old-fashioned ,guru was becoming quite a rarity4 ,i believe with you1 fully1 that the so-called normal man of commerce1 so to speak1 the healthy philistine1 is a mere extract from the potentially realizable individual whom he represents1 and that we all have reservoirs of life to draw upon1 of which we do not dream4 ,the practical problem is how to get at them4 ,and the answer varies with the individual4 ,most of us never can1 or never do get at them4 ,you have indubitably got at your own deeper levels by the ,yoga methods4 ,i hope that what you have gained will never again be lost to you4 ,you must keep there6 ,my deeper levels seem very hard to find--,i am so rebellious at all formal and prescriptive methods--a dry and bony individual1 repelling fusion1 and avoiding voluntary exertion4 ,no matter1 art is long6 and qui vivra verra4 ,i shall try fasting and again try breathing--discovering perhaps some individual rhythm that is more tolerable4444 ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman4 ,cambridge1 ,may #ah1 #aijf4 ,,dear ,,old ,,jack ,c41--,having this minute come into the possession of a new type-writer1 what can ,i do better than express my pride in the same by writing to you8#ff ,i spent last night at ,george ,dorr's and he read me several letters from you1 telling me also of your visit1 and of how well you seemed4 ,for years past ,i have been on the point of writing to you to assure you of my continued love and to express my commiseration for your poor wife1 who has had so long to bear the brunt of your temper--you see ,i have been there already and ,i know how one's irritability is exasperated by conditions of nervous prostration--but now ,i can write and congratulate you on having recovered1 temper and all4 7,as ,i write1 it bethinks me that in a previous letter ,i have made identical jokes about your temper which1 ,i fear1 will give ,mrs4 ,chapman a very low opinion of my humoristic resources1 and in sooth they are small2 but we are as ,god makes us and must not try to be anything else1 so pray condone the silliness and let it pass47 ,the main thing is that you seem practically to have recovered1 in spite of everything2 and ,i am heartily glad4 ,i too am well enough for all practical purposes1 but ,i have to go slow and not try to do too many things in a day4 ,simplification of life and consciousness ,i find to be the great thing1 but a hard thing to compass when one lives in city conditions4 ,how our dear ,sarah ,whitman lived in the sort of railroad station she made of her life--,i confess it's a mystery to me4 ,if ,i lived at a place called ,barrytown1 it would probably go better--don't you ever go back to ,new ,york to live6 ,alice and ,i had a jovial time at sweet little ,stanford ,university4 ,it was the simple life in the best sense of the term4 ,i am glad for once to have been part of the working machine of ,california1 and a pretty deep part too1 as it afterwards turned out4 ,the earthquake also was a memorable bit of experience1 and altogether we have found it mind-enlarging and are very glad we ben there4 ,but the whole intermediate ,west is awful--a sort of penal doom to have to live there2 and in general the result with me of having lived #fe years in ,america is to make me feel as if ,i had at least bought the right to a certain capriciousness1 and were free now to live for the remainder of my days wherever ,i prefer and can make my wife and children consent--it is more likely to be in rural than in urban surroundings1 and in the maturer than in the rawrer parts of the world4 ,but the first thing is to get out of the treadmill of teaching1 which ,i hate and shall resign from next year4 ,after that1 ,i can use my small available store of energy in writing1 which is not only a much more economical way of working it1 but more satisfactory in point of quality1 and more lucrative as well4 ,now1 ,j4 ,c41 when are you going to get at writing again8 ,the world is hungry for your wares4 ,no one touches certain deep notes of moral truth as you do1 and your humor is kstlich and impayable4 ,you ought to join the band of pragmatistic or humanistic philosophers4 ,i almost fear that ,barrytown may not yet have begun to be disturbed by the rumor of their achievements1 the which are of the greatest1 and seriously ,i du think that the world of thought is on the eve of a renovation no less important than that contributed by ,locke4 ,the leaders of the new movement are ,dewey1 ,schiller of ,oxford1 in a sense ,bergson of ,paris1 a young ,florentine named ,papini1 and last and least worthy1 ,w4 ,j4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells ought to be counted in1 and if ,i mistake not ,g4 ,k4 ,chesterton as well4#fg ,i hope you know and love the last-named writer1 who seems to me a great teller of the truth4 ,his systematic preference for contradictions and paradoxical forms of statement seems to me a mannerism somewhat to be regretted in so wealthy a mind2 but that is a blemish from which some of our very greatest intellects are not altogether free--the philosopher of ,barrytown himself being not wholly exempt4 ,join us1 ,o ,jack1 and in the historic and perspective sense your fame will be secure4 ,all future ,histories of ,philosophy will print your name4 ,but although my love for you is not exhausted1 my type-writing energy is4 ,it communicates stiffness and cramps1 both to the body and the mind4 ,nevertheless ,i think ,i have been doing pretty well for a first attempt1 don't you8 ,if you return me a good long letter telling me more particularly about the process of your recovery1 ,i will write again1 even if ,i have to take a pen to do it1 and in any case ,i will do it much better than this time4 ,believe me1 dear old ,j4 ,c41 with hearty affection and delight at your recovery--all these months ,i have been on the brink of writing to find out how you were--and with very best regards to your wife1 whom some day ,i wish we may be permitted to know better4 ,yours very truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,everyone dead6 ,hodgson1 ,shaler1 ,james ,peirce this winter--to go no further afield6 ,resserrons les rangs6 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,sept4 #aj1 #aijf4 ,,dearest ,h41--,i got back from the ,adirondacks1 where ,i had spent a fortnight1 the night before last1 and in three or four hours ,alice1 ,aleck and ,i will be spinning towards ,chocorua1 it being now five ,a4,m4 ,elly ,temple ,hunter will join us1 with ,grenville1 in a few days2 but for the most part1 thank ,heaven1 we shall be alone till the end of the month4 ,i found two letters from you awaiting me1 and two from ,bill4 ,they all breathed a spirit of happiness1 and brought a waft of the beautiful ,european summer with them4 ,it has been a beautiful summer here too2 and now1 sad to say1 it is counting the last beads of its chaplet of hot days out--the hot days which are really the absolutely friendly ones to man--you wish they would get cooler when you have them1 and when they are departed1 you wish you could have their exquisite gentleness again4 ,i have just been reading in the volume by ,richard ,jefferies called the ,life of the ,fields a wonderful rhapsody1 ,the ,pageant of ,summer4 ,it needs to be read twice over and very attentively1 being nothing but an enumeration of all the details visible in the corner of an old field with a hedge and ditch4 ,but rightly taken in1 it is probably the highest flight of human genius in the direction of nature-worship4 ,i don't see why it should not count as an immortal thing4 ,you missed it1 when here1 in not getting to ,keene ,valley1 where ,i have just been1 and of which the sylvan beauty1 especially by moonlight1 is probably unlike aught that ,europe has to show4 ,imperishable freshness6444 ,this is definitely my last year of lecturing1 but ,i wish it were my first of non-lecturing4 ,simplification of the field of duties ,i find more and more to be the summum bonum for me2 and ,i live in apprehension lest the ,avenger should cut me off before ,i get my message out4 ,not that the message is particularly needed by the human race1 which can live along perfectly well without any one philosopher2 but objectively ,i hate to leave the volumes ,i have already published without their logical complement4 ,it is an esthetic tragedy to have a bridge begun1 and stopped in the middle of an arch4 ,but ,i hear ,alice stirring upstairs1 so ,i must go up and finish packing4 ,i hope that you and ,w4 ,j41 ,jr41 will again form a harmonious combination4 ,i hope also that he will stop painting for a time4 ,he will do all the better1 when he gets home1 for having had a fallow interval4 ,good-bye6 and my blessing upon both of you4 ,your ever loving1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,,chocorua1 ,sept4 #aa1 #aijf4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,wells1--,i've read your ,two ,studies in ,disappointment in ,harper's ,weekly1 and must thank you from the bottom of my heart4 ,rem acu tetegisti6 ,exactly that callousness to abstract justice is the sinister feature and1 to me as well as to you1 the incomprehensible feature1 of our ,u4 ,s4 civilization4 ,how you hit upon it so neatly and singled it out so truly 7and talked of it so tactfully67 ,god only knows3 ,he evidently created you to do such things6 ,i never heard of the ,mac,queen case before1 but ,i've known of plenty of others4 ,when the ordinary ,american hears of them1 instead of the idealist within him beginning to see red with the higher indignation1 instead of the spirit of ,english history growing alive in his breast1 he begins to pooh-pooh and minimize and tone down the thing1 and breed excuses from his general fund of optimism and respect for expediency4 ,it's probably right enough2 ,scoundrelly1 as you say1 but understandable1 from the point of view of parties interested--but understandable in onlooking citizens only as a symptom of the moral flabbiness born of the exclusive worship of the bitch-goddess ,,success4 ,that--with the squalid cash interpretation put on the word success--is our national disease4 ,hit it hard6 ,your book must have a great effect4 ,do you remember the glorious remarks about success in ,chesterton's ,heretics8 ,you will undoubtedly have written the medicinal book about ,america4 ,and what good humor6 and what tact6 ,sincerely yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,theodora ,sedgwick4 ,,chocorua1 ,sept4 #ac1 #aijf4 ,,dear ,,theodora1--,here we are in this sweet delicate little place1 after a pretty agitated summer1 and the quiet seems very nice4 ,likewise the stillness4 ,i have thought often of you1 and almost written2 but there never seemed exactly to be time or place for it1 so ,i let the sally of the heart to-you-ward suffice4 ,a week ago1 ,i spent a night with ,h4 ,l4 ,higginson1 whom ,i found all alone at his house by the ,lake1 and he told me your improvement had been continuous and great1 which ,i heartily hope has really been the case4 ,i don't see why it should not have been the case1 under such delightful conditions4 ,what good things friends are6 ,and what better thing than lend it1 can one do with one's house8 ,i was struck by ,henry ,higginson's high level of mental tension1 so to call it1 which made him talk1 incessantly and passionately about one subject after another1 never running dry1 and reminding me more of myself when ,i was twenty years old4 ,it isn't so much a man's eminence of elementary faculties that pulls him through4 ,they may be rare1 and he do nothing4 ,it is the steam pressure to the square inch behind that moves the machine4 ,the amount of that is what makes the great difference between us4 ,henry has it high4 ,previous to seeing him ,i had spent ten days in beautiful ,keene ,valley1 dividing them between the two ends4 ,the ,st4 ,hubert's end is1 ,i verily believe1 one of the most beautiful things in this beautiful world--too dissimilar to anything in ,europe to be compared therewith1 and consequently able to stand on its merits all alone4 ,but the great forest fire of four years ago came to the very edge of wiping it out6 ,and any year it may go4 ,i also had a delightful week all alone on the ,maine ,coast1 among the islands4 ,back here1 one is oppressed by sadness at the amount of work waiting to be done on the place and no one to be hired to do it4 ,the entire meaning and essence of land is something to be worked over--even if it be only a wood-lot1 it must be kept trimmed and cleaned4 ,and for one who can work and who likes work with his arms and hands1 there is nothing so delightful as a piece of land to work over--it responds to every hour you give it1 and smiles with the improvement year by year4 ,i neither can work now1 nor do ,i like it1 so an irremediable bad conscience afflicts my ownership of this place4 ,with ,cambridge as headquarters for ,august1 and a little lot of land there1 ,i think ,i could almost be ready to give up this place1 and trust to the luck of hotels1 and other opportunities of rustication without responsibility4 ,but perhaps we can get this place taken care of8 some day6 ,i don't know how much you read4 ,i've taken great pleasure this summer in ,bielshowski's ,life of ,goethe 7a wonderful piece of art7 and in ,birukoff's ,life of ,tolstoy4 ,alice is very well and happy in the stillness here4 ,elly ,hunter is coming this evening1 tomorrow the ,merrimans for a day1 and then ,mrs4 ,hodder till the end of the month4 ,faithful love from both of us1 dear ,theodora4 ,your affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to his ,daughter4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #bj1 #aijg1 #f4ae ,p4,m4 ,,sweet ,,peglein1--,just before tea6 and your ,grandam1 ,mar1 and ,i going to hear the ,revd4 ,percy ,grant in the ,college chapel just after4 ,we are getting to be great church-goers4 ',t will have to be ,crothers next4 ,he1 sweet man1 is staying with the ,brookses4 ,after him1 the ,christian ,science ,church1 and after that the deluge6 ,i have spent all day preparing next ,tuesday's lecture1 which is my last before a class in ,harvard ,university1 so help me ,god amen6 ,i am almost afraid at so much freedom4 ,three quarters of an hour ago ,aleck and ,i went for a walk in ,somerville2 warm1 young moon1 bare trees1 clearing in the west1 stars out1 old-fashioned streets1 not sordid--a beautiful walk4 ,last night to ,bernard ,shaw's ex-quis-ite play of ,csar and ,cleopatra--exquisitely acted too1 by ,f4 ,robertson and ,maxine ,elliot's sister ,gert4 ,your ,mar will have told you that1 after these weeks of persistent labor1 culminating in ,new ,york1 ,i am going to take sanctuary on ,saturday the #bnd of ,feb4 in your arms at ,bryn ,mawr4 ,i do not want1 wish1 or desire to talk to the crowd1 but your mother pushing so1 if you and the philosophy club also pull1 ,i mean pull hard1 ,jimmy#fh will try to articulate something not too technical4 ,but it will have to be1 if ever1 on that ,saturday night4 ,it will also have to be very short2 and the less of a reception1 the better1 after it4 ,your two last letters were tiptop4 ,i never seen such growth6 ,i go to ,n4 ,y41 to be at the ,harvard ,club1 on ,monday the #bhth4 ,khnemann left yesterday4 ,a most dear man4 ,your loving ,,dad4 ,to ,henry ,james and ,william ,james1 ,jr4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,brother ,,and ,,son1--,i dare say that you will be together in ,paris when you get this1 but ,i address it to ,lamb ,house all the same4 ,you twain are more blessed than ,i1 in the way of correspondence this winter1 for you give more than you receive1 ,bill's letters being as remarkable for wit and humor as ,henry's are for copiousness1 considering that the market value of what he either writes or types is so many shillings a word4 ,when ,i write other things1 ,i find it almost impossible to write letters4 ,i've been at it stiddy1 however1 for three days1 since my return from ,new ,york1 finding1 as ,i did1 a great stack of correspondence to attend to4 ,the first impression of ,new ,york1 if you stay there not more than #cf hours1 which has been my limit for twenty years past1 is one of repulsion at the clangor1 disorder1 and permanent earthquake conditions4 ,but this time1 installed as ,i was at the ,harvard ,club 7#ddth ,st47 in the centre of the cyclone1 ,i caught the pulse of the machine1 took up the rhythm1 and vibrated mit1 and found it simply magnificent4 ,i'm surprised at you1 ,henry1 not having been more enthusiastic1 but perhaps that superbly powerful and beautiful subway was not opened when you were there4 ,it is an entirely new ,new ,york1 in soul as well as in body1 from the old one1 which looks like a village in retrospect4 ,the courage1 the heaven-scaling audacity of it all1 and the lightness withal1 as if there was nothing that was not easy1 and the great pulses and bounds of progress1 so many in directions all simultaneous that the cordination is indefinitely future1 give a kind of drumming background of life that ,i never felt before4 ,i'm sure that once in that movement1 and at home1 all other places would seem insipid4 ,i observe that your book1--,the ,american ,scene1--dear ,h41 is just out4 ,i must get it and devour again the chapters relative to ,new ,york4 ,on my last night1 ,i dined with ,norman ,hapgood1 along with men who were successfully and happily in the vibration4 ,h4 and his most winning-faced young partner1 ,collier1 ,jerome1 ,peter ,dunne1 ,f4 ,m4 ,colby1 and ,mark ,twain4 7,the latter1 poor man1 is only good for monologue1 in his old age1 or for dialogue at best1 but he's a dear little genius all the same47 ,i got such an impression of easy efficiency in the midst of their bewildering conditions of speed and complexity of adjustment4 ,jerome1 particularly1 with the world's eyes on his court-room1 in the very crux of the ,thaw trial1 as if he had nothing serious to do4 ,balzac ought to come to life again4 ,his ,rastignac imagination sketched the possibility of it long ago4 ,i lunched1 dined1 and sometimes breakfasted1 out1 every day of my stay1 vibrated between #ddth ,st41 seldom going lower1 and #adith1 with ,columbia ,university at #aafth as my chief relay station1 the magnificent space-devouring ,subway roaring me back and forth1 lecturing to a thousand daily1#fi and having four separate dinners at the ,columbia ,faculty ,club1 where colleagues severally compassed me about1 many of them being old students of mine1 wagged their tongues at me and made me explain4#gj ,it was certainly the high tide of my existence1 so far as energizing and being recognized were concerned1 but ,i took it all very easy and am hardly a bit tired4 ,total abstinence from every stimulant whatever is the one condition of living at a rapid pace4 ,i am now going whack at the writing of the rest of the lectures1 which will be more original and 7,i believe7 important than my previous works4444 ,to ,moorfield ,storey4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #ba1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,moorfield1--,your letter of three weeks ago has inadvertently lain unnoticed--not because it didn't do me good1 but because ,i went to ,new ,york for a fortnight1 and since coming home have been too druv to pay any tributes to friendship4 ,i haven't got many letters either of condolence or congratulation on my retirement1--which1 by the way1 doesn't take place till the end of the year1--the papers have railroaded me out too soon4#ga ,but ,i confess that the thought is sweet to me of being able to hear the ,college bell ring without any tendency to move in consequence1 and of seeing the last ,thursday in ,september go by1 and remaining in the country careless of what becomes of its youth4 ,it's the harness and the hours that are so galling6 ,i expect to shed truths in dazzling profusion on the world for many years4 ,as for you1 retire too6 ,let you1 ,eliot1 ,roosevelt and me1 first relax2 then take to landscape painting1 which has a very soothing effect2 then write out all the truths which a long life of intimacy with mankind has recommended to each of us as most useful4 ,i think we can use the ebb tide of our energies best in that way4 ,i'm sure that your contributions would be the most useful of all4 ,affectionately yours1 ,,wm4 ,,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #bf1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,your dilectissime letter of the #afth arrived this morning and ,i must scribble a word of reply4 ,that's the way to write to a man6 ,caress him6 flatter him6 tell him that all ,switzerland is hanging on his lips6 ,you have made me really happy for at least twenty-four hours6 ,my dry and businesslike compatriots never write letters like that4 ,they write about themselves--you write about me4 ,you know the definition of an egotist3 a person who insists on talking about himself1 when you want to talk about yourself4 ,reverdin has told me of the success of your lectures on pragmatism1 and if you have been communing in spirit with me this winter1 so have ,i with you4 ,i have grown more and more deeply into pragmatism1 and ,i rejoice immensely to hear you say1 je m'y sens tout gagn4 ,it is absolutely the only philosophy with no humbug in it1 and ,i am certain that it is your philosophy4 ,have you read ,papini's article in the ,february ,leonardo8 ,that seems to me really splendid4 ,you say that my ideas have formed the real centre de ralliment of the pragmatist tendencies4 ,to me it is the youthful and empanach ,papini who has best put himself at the centre of equilibrium whence all the motor tendencies start4 ,he 7and ,schiller7 has given me great confidence and courage4 ,i shall dedicate my book1 however1 to the memory of ,j4 ,s4 ,mill4 ,i hope that you are careful to distinguish in my own work between the pragmatism and the radical empiricism 7,conception de ,conscience1#gb etc47 which to my own mind have no necessary connexion with each other4 ,my first proofs came in this morning1 along with your letter1 and the little book ought to be out by the first of ,june4 ,you shall have a very early copy4 ,it is exceedingly untechnical1 and ,i can't help suspecting that it will make a real impression4 ,mnsterberg1 who hitherto has been rather pooh-poohing my thought1 now1 after reading the lecture on truth which ,i sent you a while ago1 says ,i seem to be ignorant that ,kant ever wrote1 ,kant having already said all that ,i say4 ,i regard this as a very good symptom4 ,the third stage of opinion about a new idea1 already arrived3 #ast3 absurd6 #bnd3 trivial6 #crd3 we discovered it6 ,i don't suppose you mean to print these lectures of yours1 but ,i wish you would4 ,if you would translate my lectures1 what could make me happier8 ,but1 as ,i said apropos of the ,varieties1 ,i hate to think of you doing that drudgery when you might be formulating your own ideas4 ,but1 in one way or the other1 ,i hope you will join in the great strategic combination against the forces of rationalism and bad abstractionism6 ,a good coup de collier all round1 and ,i verily believe that a new philosophic movement will begin4444 ,i thank you for your congratulations on my retirement4 ,it makes me very happy4 ,a professor has two functions3 7#a7 to be learned and distribute bibliographical information2 7#b7 to communicate truth4 ,the #ast function is the essential one1 officially considered4 ,the #bnd is the only one ,i care for4 ,hitherto ,i have always felt like a humbug as a professor1 for ,i am weak in the first requirement4 ,now ,i can live for the second with a free conscience4 ,i envy you now at the ,italian ,lakes6 ,but good-bye6 ,i have already written you a long letter1 though ,i only meant to write a line6 ,love to you all from ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,charles ,a4 ,strong4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #i1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,strong1--,your tightly woven little letter reached me this ,a4,m41 just as ,i was about writing to you to find out how you are4 ,your long silence had made me apprehensive about your condition1 and this news cheers me up very much4 ,rome is great2 and ,i like to think of you there2 if ,i spend another winter in ,europe1 it shall be mainly in ,rome4 ,you don't say where you're staying1 however1 so my imagination is at fault1 ,i hope it may be at the ,russie1 that most delightful of hotels4 ,i am overwhelmed with duties1 so ,i must be very brief in re religionis4 ,your warnings against my superstitious tendencies1 for such ,i suppose they are1--this is the second heavy one ,i remember1--touch me1 but not in the prophetic way1 for they don't weaken my trust in the healthiness of my own attitude1 which in part 7,i fancy7 is less remote from your own than you suppose4 ,for instance1 my ,god of things as they are1 being part of a pluralistic system1 is responsible for only such of them as he knows enough and has enough power to have accomplished4 ,for the rest he is identical with your ideal ,god4 ,the omniscient and omnipotent ,god of theology ,i regard as a disease of the philosophy-shop4 ,but1 having thrown away so much of the philosophy-shop1 you may ask me why ,i don't throw away the whole8 ,that would mean too strong a negative will-to-believe for me4 ,it would mean a dogmatic disbelief in any extant consciousness higher than that of the normal human mind2 and this in the teeth of the extraordinary vivacity of man's psychological commerce with something ideal that feels as if it were also actual 7,i have no such commerce--,i wish ,i had1 but ,i can't close my eyes to its vitality in others72 and in the teeth of such analogies as ,fechner uses to show that there may be other-consciousness than man's4 ,if other1 then why not higher and bigger8 ,why may we not be in the universe as our dogs and cats are in our drawing-rooms and libraries8 ,it's a will-to-believe on both sides3 ,i am perfectly willing that others should disbelieve3 why should you not be tolerantly interested in the spectacle of my belief8 ,what harm does the little residuum or germ of actuality that ,i leave in ,god do8 ,if ideal1 why 7except on epiphenomenist principles7 may he not have got himself at least partly real by this time8 ,i do not believe it to be healthy-minded to nurse the notion that ideals are self-sufficient and require no actualization to make us content4 ,it is a quite unnecessarily heroic form of resignation and sour grapes4 ,ideals ought to aim at the transformation of reality--no less6 ,when you defer to what you suppose a certain authority in scientists as confirming these negations1 ,i am surprised4 ,of all insufficient authorities as to the total nature of reality1 give me the scientists1 from ,mnsterberg up1 or down4 ,their interests are most incomplete and their professional conceit and bigotry immense4 ,i know no narrower sect or club1 in spite of their excellent authority in the lines of fact they have explored1 and their splendid achievement there4 ,their only authority at large is for method--and the pragmatic method completes and enlarges them there4 ,when you shall have read my whole set of lectures 7now with the printer1 to be out by ,june #ast7 ,i doubt whether you will find any great harm in the ,god ,i patronize--the poor thing is so largely an ideal possibility4 ,meanwhile ,i take delight1 or shall take delight1 in any efforts you may make to negate all superhuman consciousness1 for only by these counter-attempts can a finally satisfactory modus vivendi be reached4 ,i don't feel sure that ,i know just what you mean by freedom1--but no matter4 ,have you read in ,schiller's new ,studies in ,humanism what seem to me two excellent chapters1 one on ,freedom1 and the other on the making of reality8444 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #ai1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,schiller1--,two letters and a card from you within ten days is pretty good4 ,i have been in ,new ,york for a week1 so haven't written as promptly as ,i should have done4 ,all right for the ,gilbert ,murrays6 ,we shall be glad to see them4 ,too late for humanism in my book--all in type6 ,i dislike pragmatism1 but it seems to have the international right of way at present4 ,let's both go ahead--,god will know his own6 ,when your book first came ,i lent it to my student ,kallen 7who was writing a thesis on the subject71 thereby losing it for three weeks4 ,then the grippe1 and my own proofs followed1 along with much other business1 so that ,i've only read about a quarter of it even now4 ,the essays on ,freedom and the ,making of ,reality seem to be written with my own heart's blood--it's startling that two people should be found to think so exactly alike4 ,a great argument for the truth of what they say1 too6 ,i find that my own chapter on ,truth printed in the ,j4 of ,p4 already1#gc convinces no one as yet1 not even my most gleichgesinnten cronies4 ,it will have to be worked in by much future labor1 for ,i know that ,i see all round the subject and they don't1 and ,i think that the theory of truth is the key to all the rest of our positions4 ,you ask what ,i am going to reply to ,bradley4 ,but why need one reply to everything and everybody8 ,b4's article is constructive rather than polemic1 is evidently sincere1 softens much of his old outline1 is difficult to read1 and ought1 ,i should think1 to be left to its own destiny4 ,how sweetly1 by the way1 he feels towards me as compared with you6 ,all because you have been too bumptious4 ,i confess ,i think that your gaudium certaminis injures your influence4 ,we've got a thing big enough to set forth now affirmatively1 and ,i think that readers generally hate minute polemics and recriminations4 ,all polemic of ours should1 ,i believe1 be either very broad statements of contrast1 or fine points treated singly1 and as far as possible impersonally4 ,inborn rationalists and inborn pragmatists will never convert each other4 ,we shall always look on them as spectral and they on us as trashy--irredeemably both6 ,as far as the rising generation goes1 why not simply express ourselves positively1 and trust that the truer view quietly will displace the other4 ,here again ,god will know his own4 ,false views don't need much direct refutation--they get superseded1 and ,i feel absolutely certain of the supersessive power of pragmato-humanism1 if persuasively enough set forth4444 ,the world is wide enough to harbor various ways of thinking1 and the present ,bradley's units of mental operation are so diverse from ours that the labor of reckoning over from one set of terms to the other doesn't bring reward enough to pay for it4 ,of course his way of treating truth as an entity trying all the while to identify herself with reality1 while reality is equally trying to identify herself with the more ideal entity truth1 isn't false4 ,it's one way1 very remote and allegorical1 of stating the facts1 and it agrees with a good deal of reality1 but it has so little pragmatic value that its tottering form can be left for time to deal with4 ,the good it does him is small1 for it leaves him in this queer1 surly1 grumbling state about the best that can be done by it for philosophy4 ,his great vice seems to me his perversity in logical activities1 his bad reasonings4 ,i vote to go on1 from now on1 not trying to keep account of the relations of his with our system4 ,he can't be influencing disciples1 being himself nowadays so difficult4 ,and once for all1 there will be minds who cannot help regarding our growing universe as sheer trash1 metaphysically considered4 ,yours ever1 ,w4 ,j4 ,the next letter is addressed to an active promoter of reform in the treatment of the insane1 the author of ,a ,mind that ,found ,itself4 ,the ,connecticut ,society for ,mental ,hygiene and the ,national ,committee for ,mental ,hygiene have already performed so great a public service1 that anyone may now see that in #aijg the time had come to employ such instrumentalities in improving the care of the insane4 ,but when ,mr4 ,beers1 just out of an asylum himself1 appeared with the manuscript of his own story in his hands1 it was not so clear that these agencies were needed1 nor yet evident to anyone that he was a person who could bring about their organization4 ,james's own opinion as to the treatment of the insane is not in the least overstated in the following letter4 ,he recognized the genuineness of ,mr4 ,beers's personal experience and its value for propaganda1 and he immediately helped to get it published4 ,from his first acquaintance with ,mr4 ,beers1 he gave time1 counsel1 and money to further the organization of the ,mental ,hygiene ,committee2 and he even departed1 in its interest1 from his fixed policy of keeping out of ,committees and ,societies4 ,he lived long enough to know that the movement had begun to gather momentum2 and he drew great satisfaction from the knowledge4 ,to ,clifford ,w4 ,beers4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #ba1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,beers1--,you ask for my opinion as to the advisability and feasibility of a ,national ,society1 such as you propose1 for the improvement of conditions among the insane4 ,i have never ceased to believe that such improvement is one of the most crying needs of civilization2 and the functions of such a ,society seem to me to be well drawn up by you4 ,your plea for its being founded before your book appears is well grounded1 you being an author who naturally would like to cast seed upon a ground already prepared for it to germinate practically without delay4 ,i have to confess to being myself a very impractical man1 with no experience whatever in the details1 difficulties1 etc41 of philanthropic or charity organization1 so my opinion as to the feasibility of your plan is worth nothing1 and is undecided4 ,of course the first consideration is to get your money1 the second1 your ,secretary and ,trustees4 ,all that ,i wish to bear witness to is the great need of a ,national ,society such as you describe1 or failing that1 of a ,state ,society somewhere that might serve as a model in other ,states4 ,nowhere is there massed together as much suffering as in the asylums4 ,nowhere is there so much sodden routine1 and fatalistic insensibility in those who have to treat it4 ,nowhere is an ideal treatment more costly4 ,the officials in charge grow resigned to the conditions under which they have to labor4 ,they cannot plead their cause as an auxiliary organization can plead it for them4 ,public opinion is too glad to remain ignorant4 ,as mediator between officials1 patients1 and the public conscience1 a society such as you sketch is absolutely required1 and the sooner it gets under way the better4#gd ,sincerely yours1 ,,william ,,james4 ,at the date of the next letter ,william ,james1 ,jr41 was studying painting in ,paris4 ,to his ,son ,william4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #bd1 #aijg4 ,,dearest ,,bill1--,i haven't written to you for ages1 yet you keep showering the most masterly and charming epistles upon all of us in turn1 including the fair ,rosamund4#ge ,be sure they are appreciated6 ,your ,ma and ,i dined last night at ,ellen and ,loulie ,hooper's to meet ,rosalind ,huidekoper and her swain4 ,loulie had heard from ,bancel ,la ,farge of your getting a mention--if for the model1 ,i'm not surprised2 if for the composition1 ,i'm immensely pleased4 ,of course you'll tell us of it6 ,we've had a very raw cold ,april1 and today it's blowing great guns from all quarters of the sky1 preparatory to clearing from the ,n4,w41 ,i think4 ,we are rooting up the entire lawn to a depth of #ah inches to try to regenerate it4 ,four diggers and two carts have been at it for a week1 with your mother1 bareheaded and cloaked1 and ruddy-cheeked1 sticking to them like a burr4 ,she doesn't handle pick or shovel1 but she stands there all day long in a way it would do your heart good to see2 and so democratic and hearty withal that ,i'm sure they like it1 though working under such a great taskmaster's eye deprives them of those intervals of stolen leisure so dear to workers of every description4 ,she makes it up to them by inviting them to an afternoon tea daily1 with piles of cake and doughnuts4 ,i fancy they like her well4 ,we've let ,chocorua to the ,goldmarks4 ,aleck took his ,april recess along with his schoolmate ,henderson and ,gerald ,thayer1 partly on the summit1 partly around the base1 of ,monadnock4 ,the weather was fiercely wintry1 and your mother and ,i said poor blind little ,aleck--he's got to learn thru experience4 ,she said through6 ,he came back happier and more exultant than ,i've ever seen him1 and six months older morally and intellectually for the week with ,gerald and ,abbott ,thayer4 ,a great step forward4 ,they burglarized the ,thayer house1 and were tracked and arrested by the posse1 and had a paragraph in the ,boston ,globe about the robbery4 ,as the thing involved an ascent of ,monadnock after dark1 with their packs1 in deep snow1 a day and a night there in snowstorm1 a #af-mile walk and out of bed till #b ,a4,m44 the night of the burglary1 a lying low indoors all the next day at the ,hendersons' empty house1 three in a bed and the police waking them at dawn1 ,i ventured to suggest a doubt as to whether the ,thayer household were the greatest victims of the illustrious practical joke4 ,what1 cries ,aleck1 starting to his feet1 nine men with revolvers and guns around your bed1 and a revolver pointed close to your ear as you wake--don't you call that a success1 ,i should like to know8 ,the ,tom ,sawyer phase of evolution is immortal6 ,gerald1 who is staying with us now1 is really a splendid fellow4 ,i'm so glad he's taken to ,aleck1 who now is aflame with plans for being an artist4 ,i wish he might--it would certainly suit his temperament better than business4 ,there 's the lunch bell4 ,i have got my ,pragmatism proofs all corrected4 ,the most important thing ,i've written yet1 and bound1 ,i am sure1 to stir up a lot of attention4 ,but ,i'm dog-tired2 and1 in order to escape the social engagements that at this time of year grow more frequent than ever1 ,i'm going off on ,friday 7this is ,wednesday7 to the country somewhere for ten days4 ,if only there might be warm weather6 ,we've just backed out from a dinner to ,william ,leonard ,darwin and his wife1 and the ,geo4 ,hodgeses1 etc4 ,w4 ,t4 ,stead spent three hours here on ,sunday and lectured in the ,union on ,monday--a splendid fellow whom ,i could get along with after a fashion4 ,let no one run him down to you4 ,i've been to ,new ,york to the ,peace ,congress4 ,interesting but tiresome4 ,mary ,salter is with us4 ,margaret and ,rosamund just arrived at #ajg4 ,no news else6 ,yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,salisbury1 ,,conn41 ,may #d1 #aijg4 ,,dearest ,h4-- 444,i've been so overwhelmed with work1 and the mountain of the ,unread has piled up so1 that only in these days here have ,i really been able to settle down to your ,american ,scene1 which in its peculiar way seems to me supremely great4 ,you know how opposed your whole third manner of execution is to the literary ideals which animate my crude and ,orson-like breast1 mine being to say a thing in one sentence as straight and explicit as it can be made1 and then to drop it forever2 yours being to avoid naming it straight1 but by dint of breathing and sighing all round and round it1 to arouse in the reader who may have had a similar perception already 7,heaven help him if he hasn't67 the illusion of a solid object1 made 7like the ghost at the ,polytechnic7 wholly out of impalpable materials1 air1 and the prismatic interferences of light1 ingeniously focused by mirrors upon empty space4 ,but you do it1 that's the queerness6 ,and the complication of innuendo and associative reference on the enormous scale to which you give way to it does so build out the matter for the reader that the result is to solidify1 by the mere bulk of the process1 the like perception from which he has to start4 ,as air1 by dint of its volume1 will weigh like a corporeal body2 so his own poor little initial perception1 swathed in this gigantic envelopment of suggestive atmosphere1 grows like a germ into something vastly bigger and more substantial4 ,but it's the rummest method for one to employ systematically as you do nowadays2 and you employ it at your peril4 ,in this crowded and hurried reading age1 pages that require such close attention remain unread and neglected4 ,you can't skip a word if you are to get the effect1 and #ai out of #bj worthy readers grow intolerant4 ,the method seems perverse3 ,say it out1 for ,god's sake1 they cry1 and have done with it4 ,and so ,i say now1 give us one thing in your older directer manner1 just to show that1 in spite of your paradoxical success in this unheard-of method1 you can still write according to accepted canons4 ,give us that interlude2 and then continue like the curiosity of literature which you have become4 ,for gleams and innuendoes and felicitous verbal insinuations you are unapproachable1 but the core of literature is solid4 ,give it to us once again6 ,the bare perfume of things will not support existence1 and the effect of solidity you reach is but perfume and simulacrum4 ,for ,god's sake don't answer these remarks1 which 7as ,uncle ,howard used to say of ,father's writings7 are but the peristaltic belchings of my own crabbed organism4 ,for one thing1 your account of ,america is largely one of its omissions1 silences1 vacancies4 ,you work them up like solids1 for those readers who already germinally perceive them 7to others you are totally incomprehensible74 ,i said to myself over and over in reading3 ,how much greater the triumph1 if instead of dwelling thus only upon ,america's vacuities1 he could make positive suggestion of what in ',europe' or ,asia may exist to fill them4 ,that would be nutritious to so many ,american readers whose souls are only too ready to leap to suggestion1 but who are now too inexperienced to know what is meant by the contrast-effect from which alone your book is written4 ,if you could supply the background which is the foil1 in terms more full and positive6 ,at present it is supplied only by the abstract geographic term ,europe4 ,but of course anything of that kind is excessively difficult2 and you will probably say that you are supplying it all along by your novels4 ,well1 the verve and animal spirits with which you can keep your method going1 first on one place then on another1 through all those tightly printed pages is something marvelous2 and there are pages surely doomed to be immortal1 those on the drummers1 e4g41 at the beginning of ,florida4 ,they are in the best sense ,rabelaisian4 ,but a truce1 a truce6 ,i had no idea1 when ,i sat down1 of pouring such a bath of my own subjectivity over you4 ,forgive6 forgive6 and don't reply1 don't at any rate in the sense of defending yourself1 but only in that of attacking me1 if you feel so minded4 ,i have just finished the proofs of a little book called ,pragmatism which even you may enjoy reading4 ,it is a very sincere and1 from the point of view of ordinary philosophy-professorial manners1 a very unconventional utterance1 not particularly original at any one point1 yet1 in the midst of the literature of the way of thinking which it represents1 with just that amount of squeak or shrillness in the voice that enables one book to tell1 when others don't1 to supersede its brethren1 and be treated later as representative4 ,i shouldn't be surprised if ten years hence it should be rated as epoch-making1 for of the definitive triumph of that general way of thinking ,i can entertain no doubt whatever--,i believe it to be something quite like the protestant reformation4 ,you can't tell how happy ,i am at having thrown off the nightmare of my professorship4 ,as a professor ,i always felt myself a sham1 with its chief duties of being a walking encyclopedia of erudition4 ,i am now at liberty to be a reality1 and the comfort is unspeakable--literally unspeakable1 to be my own man1 after #ce years of being owned by others4 ,i can now live for truth pure and simple1 instead of for truth accommodated to the most unheard-of requirements set by others4444 ,your affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,this letter appears never to have been answered1 although ,henry ,james wrote on ,may #ca1 #aijg3 ,you shall have1 after a little more patience1 a reply to your so rich and luminous reflections on my book--a reply almost as interesting as1 and far more illuminating than1 your letter itself4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,cambridge1 ,may #ah1 #aijg4 444,one word about the said proof of your article4 ,it convinces me that you ought to be an academic personage1 a professor4 ,for thirty-five years ,i have been suffering from the exigencies of being one1 the pretension and the duty1 namely1 of meeting the mental needs and difficulties of other persons1 needs that ,i couldn't possibly imagine and difficulties that ,i couldn't possibly understand2 and now that ,i have shuffled off the professorial coil1 the sense of freedom that comes to me is as surprising as it is exquisite4 ,i wake up every morning with it4 ,what6 not to have to accommodate myself to this mass of alien and recalcitrant humanity1 not to think under resistance1 not to have to square myself with others at every step ,i make--hurrah6 it is too good to be true4 ,to be alone with truth and ,god6 ,es ist nicht zu glauben6 ,what a future6 ,what a vision of ease6 ,but here you are loving it and courting it unnecessarily4 ,you're fit to continue a professor in all your successive reincarnations1 with never a release4 ,it was so easy to let ,bradley with his approximations and grumblings alone4 ,so few people would find these last statements of his seductive enough to build them into their own thought4 ,but you1 for the pure pleasure of the operation1 chase him up and down his windings1 flog him into and out of his corners1 stop him and cross-reference him and counter on him1 as if required to do so by your office4 ,it makes very difficult reading1 it obliges one to re-read ,bradley1 and ,i don't believe there are three persons living who will take it in with the pains required to estimate its value4 ,b4 himself will very likely not read it with any care4 ,it is subtle and clear1 like everything you write1 but it is too minute4 ,and where a few broad comments would have sufficed1 it is too complex1 and too much like a criminal conviction in tone and temper4 ,leave him in his dunklem ,drange--he is drifting in the right direction evidently1 and when a certain amount of positive construction on our side has been added1 he will say that that was what he had meant all along--and the world will be the better for containing so much difficult polemic reading the less4 ,i admit that your remarks are penetrating1 and let air into the joints of the subject2 but ,i respectfully submit that they are not called for in the interests of the final triumph of truth4 ,that will come by the way of displacement of error1 quite effortlessly4 ,i can't help suspecting that you unduly magnify the influence of ,bradleyan ,absolutism on the undergraduate mind4 ,taylor is the only fruit so far--at least within my purview4 ,one practical point3 ,i don't quite like your first paragraph1 and wonder if it be too late to have the references to me at least expunged4 ,i can't recognize the truth of the ten-years' change of opinion about my ,will to ,believe4 ,i don't find anyone--not even my dearest friends1 as ,miller and ,strong--one whit persuaded4 ,taylor's and ,hobhouse's attacks are of recent date1 etc4 ,moreover1 the reference to ,bradley's relation to me in this article is too ironical not to seem a little nasty to some readers2 therefore out with it1 if it be not too late4 ,see how different our methods are6 ,all that ,humanism needs now is to make applications of itself to special problems4 ,get a school of youngsters at work4 ,refutations of error should be left to the rationalists alone4 ,they are a stock function of that school4444 ,i'm fearfully tired1 but expect the summer to get me right again4 ,affectionately thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,,xvi #aijg-aiji ,the ,last ,period 7,,iii7--,hibbert ,lectures in ,oxford--,the ,hodgson ,report ,the story of the remaining years is written so fully in the letters themselves as to require little explanation4 ,angina pectoris and such minor ailments as are only too likely to afflict a man of sixty-five years and impaired constitution interrupted the progress of reading and writing more and more4 ,physical exertion1 particularly that involved in talking long to many people1 now brought on pain and difficulty in breathing4 ,but ,james still carried himself erect1 still walked with a light step1 and until a few weeks before his death wore the appearance of a much younger and stronger man than he really was4 ,none but those near to him realized how often he was in discomfort or pain1 or how constantly he was using himself to the limit of his endurance4 ,he bore his ills without complaint and ordinarily without mention2 although he finally made up his mind to try to discourage the appeals and requests of all sorts that still harassed him1 by proclaiming the fact that he was an invalid4 ,as his power of work became more and more reduced1 frustrations became harder to bear1 and the sense that they were unavoidable oppressed him4 ,when an invitation to deliver a course of lectures on the ,hibbert ,foundation at ,manchester ,college1 ,oxford1 arrived1 he was torn between an impulse to clutch at this engagement as a means of hastening the writing-out of certain material that was in his mind1 and the fear1 only too reasonable1 that the obligation to have the lectures ready by a certain date would strain him to the snapping point4 ,after some hesitation he agreed1 however1 and the lectures were1 ultimately1 prepared and delivered successfully4 ,in proportion as the number of hours a day that he could spend on literary work and professional reading decreased1 ,james's general reading increased again4 ,he began for the first time to browse in military biographies1 and commenced to collect material for a study which he sometimes spoke of as a ,psychology of ,jingoism1 sometimes as a ,varieties of ,military ,experience4 ,what such a work would have been1 had he ever completed it1 it is impossible to tell4 ,it was never more than a rather vague project1 turned to occasionally as a diversion4 ,but it is safe to reckon that two remarkable papers--the ,energies of ,men 7written in #aijf7 and the ,moral ,equivalent of ,war 7written in #aiji7--would have appeared to be related to this study4 ,that it would not have been a utopian flight in the direction of pacifism need hardly be said4 ,however he might have described it1 ,james was not disposed to underestimate the fighting instinct4 ,he saw it as a persistent and highly irritable force1 underlying the society of all the dominant races2 and he advocated international courts1 reduction of armaments1 and any other measures that might prevent appeals to the war-waging passion as commendable devices for getting along without arousing it4 ,the fatalistic view of the war-function is to me nonsense1 for ,i know that war-making is due to definite motives and subject to prudential checks and reasonable criticisms1 just like any other form of enterprise4444 ,all these beliefs of mine put me squarely into the anti-militarist party4 ,but ,i do not believe that peace either ought to be or will be permanent on this globe1 unless the states pacifically organized preserve some of the old elements of army-discipline4444 ,in the more or less socialistic future towards which mankind seems drifting1 we must still subject ourselves collectively to those severities which answer to our real position upon this only partly hospitable globe4 ,we must make new energies and hardihoods continue the manliness to which the military mind so faithfully clings4 ,martial virtues must be the enduring cement2 intrepidity1 contempt of softness1 surrender of private interest1 obedience to command1 must still remain the rock upon which states are built--unless1 indeed1 we wish for dangerous reactions against commonwealths fit only for contempt1 and liable to invite attack whenever a centre of crystallization for military-minded enterprise gets formed anywhere in their neighborhood4#gf ,any utterances about war1 arbitration1 and disarmament1 are now likely to have their original meaning distorted by reason of what may justly be called the present fevered state of public opinion on such questions4 ,it should be clear that the foregoing sentences were not directed to any particular question of domestic or foreign policy4 ,they were part of a broad picture of the fighting instinct1 and led up to a suggestion for diverting it into non-destructive channels4 ,as to particular instances1 circumstances were always to be reckoned with4 ,james believed in organizing and strengthening the machinery of arbitration1 but did not think that the day for universal arbitration had yet come4 ,he saw a danger in military establishments1 went so far--in the presence of the jingoism aroused by ,cleveland's ,venezuela message--as to urge opposition to any increase of the ,american army and navy1 encouraged peace-societies1 and was willing to challenge attention by calling himself a pacifist4#gg ,the first thing to learn in intercourse with others is non-interference with their own peculiar ways of being happy1 provided those ways do not presume to interfere by violence with ours4#gh ,tolerance--social1 religious1 and political--was fundamental in his scheme of belief2 but he took pains to make a proviso1 and drew the line at tolerating interference or oppression4 ,where he recognized a military danger1 there he would have had matters so governed as to meet it1 not evade it4 ,writing of the ,british garrison in ,halifax in #ahig1 he said3 ,by ,jove1 if ,england should ever be licked by a ,continental army1 it would only be ,divine justice upon her for keeping up the ,tommy ,atkins recruiting system when the others have compulsory service4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the case of one undertaking1 which was much too troublesome to be reckoned as a diversion1 he let himself be drawn away from his metaphysical work4 ,he had taken no active part in the work of the ,society for ,psychical ,research since #ahif4 ,in ,december1 #aije1 ,richard ,hodgson1 the secretary of the ,american ,branch1 had died suddenly1 and almost immediately thereafter ,mrs4 ,piper1 the medium whose trances ,hodgson had spent years in studying1 had purported to give communications from ,hodgson's departed spirit4 ,in #aiji ,james made a report to the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 on ,mrs4 ,piper's ,hodgson control4 ,the full report will be found in its ,proceedings for #ai,o#i1gi and the concluding pages1 in which ,james stated1 more analytically than elsewhere1 the hypotheses which the phenomena suggested to him1 have been reprinted in the volume of ,collected ,essays and ,reviews4 ,at the same time he wrote out a more popular statement1 in a paper which will be found in ,memories and ,studies4 ,as to his final opinion of the spirit-theory1 the following letter1 given somewhat out of its chronological place1 states what was still ,james's opinion in #aiaj4 ,to ,charles ,lewis ,slattery4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #ba1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,slattery1--,my state of mind is this3 ,mrs4 ,piper has supernormal knowledge in her trances2 but whether it comes from tapping the minds of living people1 or from some common cosmic reservoir of memories1 or from surviving spirits of the departed1 is a question impossible for me to answer just now to my own satisfaction4 ,the spirit-theory is undoubtedly not only the most natural1 but the simplest1 and ,i have great respect for ,hodgson's and ,hyslop's arguments when they adopt it4 ,at the same time the electric current called belief has not yet closed in my mind4 ,whatever the explanation be1 trance-mediumship is an excessively complex phenomenon1 in which many concurrent factors are engaged4 ,that is why interpretation is so hard4 ,make any use1 public or private1 that you like of this4 ,in great haste1 yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the next letter should be understood as referring to the abandonment of an excursion to ,lake ,champlain with ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,the celebration alluded to in the last part of the letter had been arranged by the ,cambridge ,historical ,society in honor of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of ,louis ,agassiz4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,,chocorua1 ,n4 ,h41 circa1 ,june #a1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,henry1--,on getting your resignation by telephone1 ,i came straight up here instead1 without having time to write you my acceptance as ,i meant to2 and now comes your note of the fourth1 before ,i have done so4 ,i am exceedingly sorry1 my dear old boy1 that it is the doctor's advice that has made you fear to go4 ,i hope the liability to relapse will soon fade out and leave you free again2 for say what they will of ,alters ,schwche and resignation to decay1 and entbehren sollst du1 sollst entbehren1 it means only sour grapes1 and the insides of one always want to be doing the free and active things4 ,however1 a river can still be lively in a shrunken bed1 and we must not pay too much attention to the difference of level4 ,if you should summon me again this summer1 ,i can probably respond4 ,i shall be here for a fortnight1 then back to ,cambridge again for a short time4 ,i thought the ,agassiz celebration went off very nicely indeed1 didn't you8--,john ,gray's part in it being of course the best4 ,x---- was heavy1 but respectable1 and the heavy respectable ought to be one ingredient in anything of the kind4 ,but how well ,shaler would have done that part of the job had he been there6 ,love to both of you6 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,w4 ,cameron ,forbes4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #aa1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,cameron ,,forbes1--,your letter from ,baguio of the #ahth of ,april touches me by its genuine friendliness1 and is a tremendous temptation4 ,why am ,i not ten years younger8 ,even now ,i hesitate to say no1 and the only reason why ,i don't say yes1 with a roar1 is that certain rather serious drawbacks in the way of health of late seem to make me unfit for the various activities which such a visit ought to carry in its train4 ,i am afraid my program from now onwards ought to be sedentary4 ,i ought to be getting out a book next winter4 ,last winter ,i could hardly do any walking1 owing to a trouble with my heart4 ,does your invitation mean to include my wife8 ,and have you a good crematory so that she might bring home my ashes in case of need8 ,i think if you had me on the spot you would find me a less impractical kind of an anti-imperialist than you have supposed me to be4 ,i think that the manner in which the ,mc,kinley administration railroaded the country into its policy of conquest was abominable1 and the way the country pucked up its ancient soul at the first touch of temptation1 and followed1 was sickening4 ,but with the establishment of the civil commission ,mc,kinley did what he could to redeem things and now what the ,islands want is ,,continuity ,,of ,,administration to form new habits that may to some degree be hoped to last when we1 as controllers1 are gone4 ,,when8 that is the question4 ,and much difference of opinion may be fair as to the answer4 ,that we can't stay forever seems to follow from the fact that the educated ,philippinos differ from all previous colonials in having been inoculated before our occupation with the ideas of the ,french ,revolution2 and that is a virus to which history shows as yet no anti-toxine4 ,as ,i am at present influenced1 ,i think that the ,u4 ,s4 ought to solemnly proclaim a date for our going 7or at least for a plebiscitum as to whether we should go7 and stand by all the risks4 ,some date1 rather than indefinitely drift4 ,and shape the whole interval towards securing things in view of the change4 ,as to this1 ,i may be wrong1 and am always willing to be convinced4 ,i wish ,i could go1 and see you all at work4 ,heaven knows ,i admire the spirit with which you are animated--a new thing in colonial work4 ,it must have been a great pleasure to you to see so many of the family at once4 ,i have seen none of them since their return1 but hope to do so ere the summer speeds4 ,the only dark spot was poor ,f----'s death4 ,believe me1 with affectionate regards1 yours truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,i am ordering a little book of mine1 just out1 to be sent to you4 ,some one of your circle may find entertainment in it4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,post-card ,,chocorua1 ,june #ac1 #aijg4 ,yours of the #bgth ult4 received and highly appreciated4 ,i'm glad you relish my book so well4 ,you go on playing the ,boreas and ,i shedding the sunbeams1 and between us we'll get the cloak off the philosophic traveler6 ,but have you read ,bergson's new book8#hj;,it seems to me that nothing is important in comparison with that divine apparition4 ,all our positions1 real time1 a growing world1 asserted magisterially1 and the beast intellectualism killed absolutely dead6 ,the whole flowed round by a style incomparable as it seems to me4 ,read it1 and digest it if you can4 ,much of it ,i can't yet assimilate4 ,no signature4 ,to ,henri ,bergson4 ,,chocorua1 ,june #ac1 #aijg4 ,o my ,bergson1 you are a magician1 and your book is a marvel1 a real wonder in the history of philosophy1 making1 if ,i mistake not1 an entirely new era in respect of matter1 but unlike the works of genius of the transcendentalist movement 7which are so obscurely and abominably and inaccessibly written71 a pure classic in point of form4 ,you may be amused at the comparison1 but in finishing it ,i found the same after-taste remaining as after finishing ,madame ,bovary1 such a flavor of persistent euphony1 as of a rich river that never foamed or ran thin1 but steadily and firmly proceeded with its banks full to the brim4 ,then the aptness of your illustrations1 that never scratch or stand out at right angles1 but invariably simplify the thought and help to pour it along6 ,oh1 indeed you are a magician6 ,and if your next book proves to be as great an advance on this one as this is on its two predecessors1 your name will surely go down as one of the great creative names in philosophy4 ,there6 have ,i praised you enough8 ,what every genuine philosopher 7every genuine man1 in fact7 craves most is praise--although the philosophers generally call it recognition6 ,if you want still more praise1 let me know1 and ,i will send it1 for my features have been on a broad smile from the first page to the last1 at the chain of felicities that never stopped4 ,i feel rejuvenated4 ,as to the content of it1 ,i am not in a mood at present to make any definite reaction4 ,there is so much that is absolutely new that it will take a long time for your contemporaries to assimilate it1 and ,i imagine that much of the development of detail will have to be performed by younger men whom your ideas will stimulate to coruscate in manners unexpected by yourself4 ,to me at present the vital achievement of the book is that it inflicts an irrecoverable death-wound upon ,intellectualism4 ,it can never resuscitate6 ,but it will die hard1 for all the inertia of the past is in it1 and the spirit of professionalism and pedantry as well as the sthetic-intellectual delight of dealing with categories logically distinct yet logically connected1 will rally for a desperate defense4 ,the lan vital1 all contentless and vague as you are obliged to leave it1 will be an easy substitute to make fun of4 ,but the beast has its death-wound now1 and the manner in which you have inflicted it 7interval versus temps d'arrt1 etc47 is masterly in the extreme4 ,i don't know why this later rdaction of your critique of the mathematics of movement has seemed to me so much more telling than the early statement--,i suppose it is because of the wider use made of the principle in the book4 ,you will be receiving my own little pragmatism book simultaneously with this letter4 ,how jejune and inconsiderable it seems in comparison with your great system6 ,but it is so congruent with parts of your system1 fits so well into interstices thereof1 that you will easily understand why ,i am so enthusiastic4 ,i feel that at bottom we are fighting the same fight1 you a commander1 ,i in the ranks4 ,the position we are rescuing is ,tychism and a really growing world4 ,but whereas ,i have hitherto found no better way of defending ,tychism than by affirming the spontaneous addition of discrete elements of being 7or their subtraction71 thereby playing the game with intellectualist weapons1 you set things straight at a single stroke by your fundamental conception of the continuously creative nature of reality4 ,i think that one of your happiest strokes is your reduction of finality1 as usually taken1 to its status alongside of efficient causality1 as the twin-daughters of intellectualism4 ,but this vaguer and truer finality restored to its rights will be a difficult thing to give content to4 ,altogether your reality lurks so in the background1 in this book1 that ,i am wondering whether you couldn't give it any more development in concreto here1 or whether you perhaps were holding back developments1 already in your possession1 for a future volume4 ,they are sure to come to you later anyhow1 and to make a new volume2 and altogether1 the clash of these ideas of yours with the traditional ones will be sure to make sparks fly that will illuminate all sorts of dark places and bring innumerable new considerations into view4 ,but the process may be slow1 for the ideas are so revolutionary4 ,were it not for your style1 your book might last #ajj years unnoticed2 but your way of writing is so absolutely commanding that your theories have to be attended to immediately4 ,i feel very much in the dark still about the relations of the progressive to the regressive movement1 and this great precipitate of nature subject to static categories4 ,with a frank pluralism of beings endowed with vital impulses you can get oppositions and compromises easily enough1 and a stagnant deposit2 but after my one reading ,i don't exactly catch on to the way in which the continuum of reality resists itself so as to have to act1 etc41 etc4 ,the only part of the work which ,i felt like positively criticising was the discussion of the idea of nonentity1 which seemed to me somewhat overelaborated1 and yet didn't leave me with a sense that the last word had been said on the subject4 ,but all these things must be very slowly digested by me4 ,i can see that1 when the tide turns in your favor1 many previous tendencies in philosophy will start up1 crying ,this is nothing but what we have contended for all along4 ,schopenhauer's blind will1 ,hartmann's unconscious1 ,fichte's aboriginal freedom 7redited at ,harvard in the most unreal possible way by ,mnsterberg7 will all be claimants for priority4 ,but no matter--all the better if you are in some ancient lines of tendency4 ,mysticism also must make claims and doubtless just ones4 ,i say nothing more now--this is just my first reaction2 but ,i am so enthusiastic as to have said only two days ago1 ,i thank heaven that ,i have lived to this date--that ,i have witnessed the ,russo-,japanese war1 and seen ,bergson's new book appear--the two great modern turning-points of history and of thought6 ,best congratulations and cordialest regards6 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry4 ,,silver ,,lake1 ,n4,h41 ,june #bd1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,thos41--,yours of the #aath is at hand1 true philosopher that you are4 ,no one but one bawn bred in the philosophic briar-patch could appreciate ,bergson as you do1 without in the least understanding him4 ,i am in an identical predicament4 ,this last of his is the divinest book that has appeared in my life-time1 and 7unless ,i am the falsest prophet7 it is destined to rank with the greatest works of all time4 ,the style of it is as wonderful as the matter4 ,by all means send it to ,chas4 ,peirce1 but address him ,prescott ,hall1 ,cambridge4 ,i am sending you my ,pragmatism1 which ,bergson's work makes seem like small potatoes enough4 ,are you going to ,russia to take ,stolypin's place8 or to head the ,revolution8 ,i would ,i were at ,giverny to talk metaphysics with you1 and enjoy a country where ,i am not responsible for the droughts and the garden4 ,have been here two weeks at ,chocorua1 getting our place ready for a tenant4 ,affectionate regards to you all4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,,lincoln1 ,,mass41 ,aug4 #e1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,miller1--,i got your letter about ,pragmatism1 etc41 some time ago4 ,i hear that you are booked to review it for the ,hibbert ,journal4 ,lay on1 ,macduff6 as hard as you can--,i want to have the weak places pointed out4 ,i sent you a week ago a ,journal of ,philosophy#ha with a word more about ,truth in it1 written at you mainly2 but ,i hardly dare hope that ,i have cleared up my position4 ,a letter from ,strong1 two days ago1 written after receiving a proof of that paper1 still thinks that ,i deny the existence of realities outside of the thinker2 and ,r4 ,b4 ,perry1 who seems to me to have written far and away the most important critical remarks on ,pragmatism 7possibly the only important ones71 accused ,pragmatists 7though he doesn't name me7 of ignoring or denying that the real object plays any part in deciding what ideas are true4 ,i confess that such misunderstandings seem to me hardly credible1 and cast a lurid light on the mutual understandings of philosophers generally4 ,apparently it all comes from the word ,pragmatism--and a most unlucky word it may prove to have been4 ,i am a natural realist4 ,the world per se may be likened to a cast of beans on a table4 ,by themselves they spell nothing4 ,an onlooker may group them as he likes4 ,he may simply count them all and map them4 ,he may select groups and name these capriciously1 or name them to suit certain extrinsic purposes of his4 ,whatever he does1 so long as he takes account of them1 his account is neither false nor irrelevant4 ,if neither1 why not call it true8 ,it fits the beans-minus-him1 and expresses the total fact1 of beans-plus-him4 ,truth in this total sense is partially ambiguous1 then4 ,if he simply counts or maps1 he obeys a subjective interest as much as if he traces figures4 ,let that stand for pure intellectual treatment of the beans1 while grouping them variously stands for non-intellectual interests4 ,all that ,schiller and ,i contend for is that there is no truth without some interest1 and that non-intellectual interests play a part as well as intellectual ones4 ,whereupon we are accused of denying the beans1 or denying being in anyway constrained by them6 ,it's too silly6444 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,putnam ,,shanty1 ,,keene ,,valley1 ,sept4 #ad1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,pauline1-- 444,no camping for me this side the grave6 ,a party of fourteen left here yesterday for ,panther ,gorge1 meaning to return by the ,range1 as they call your summit trail4 ,apparently it is easier than when on that to me memorable day we took it1 for ,charley ,putnam swears he has done it in five and a half hours4 ,i don't well understand the difference1 except that they don't reach ,haystack over ,marcy as we did1 and there is now a good trail4 ,past and future play such a part in the way one feels the present4 ,to these youngsters1 as to me long ago1 and to you today1 the rapture of the connexion with these hills is partly made of the sense of future power over them and their like4 ,that being removed from me1 ,i can only mix memories of past power over them with the present4 ,but ,i have always observed a curious fading in what ,tennyson calls the passion of the past4 ,memories awaken little or no sentiment when they are too old2 and ,i have taken everything here so prosily this summer that ,i find myself wondering whether the time-limit has been exceeded1 and whether for emotional purpose ,i am a new self4 ,we know not what we shall become2 and that is what makes life so interesting4 ,always a turn of the kaleidoscope2 and when one is utterly maimed for action1 then the glorious time for reading other men's lives6 ,i fairly revel in that prospect1 which in its full richness has to be postponed1 for ,i'm not sufficiently maimed-for-action yet4 ,by going slowly and alone1 ,i find ,i can compass such things as the ,giant's ,washbowl1 ,beaver ,meadow ,falls1 etc41 and they make me feel very good4 ,i have even been dallying with the temptation to visit ,cameron ,forbes at ,manila2 but ,i have put it behind me for this year at least4 ,i think ,i shall probably give some more lectures 7of a much less popular sort7 at ,columbia next winter--so you see there's life in the old dog yet4 ,nevertheless1 how different from the life that courses through your arteries and capillaries6 ,today is the first honestly fine day there has been since ,i arrived here on the #bnd4 7,they must have been heavily rained on at ,panther ,gorge yesterday evening47 ,after writing a couple more letters ,i will take a book and repair to ,mosso's ,ledge for the enjoyment of the prospect4444 ,to ,w4 ,jerusalem 7,vienna74 ,,st4 ,,hubert',s1 ,n4,y4 ,sept4 #ae1 #aijg4 ,,dear ,,professor ,,jerusalem1--,your letter of the #ast of ,september1 forwarded from ,cambridge1 reaches me here in the ,adirondack ,mountains today4 ,i am glad the publisher is found1 and that you are enjoying the drudgery of translating ,pragmatism4 ,also that you find the book more and more in agreement with your own philosophy4 ,i fear that its untechnicality of style--or rather its deliberate anti-technicality--will make the ,german ,gelehrtes ,publikum1#hb as well as the professors1 consider it oberflchliches ,zeug#hc--which it assuredly is not1 although1 being only a sketch1 it ought to be followed by something tighter and abounding in discriminations4 ,pragmatism is an unlucky word in some respects1 and the two meanings ,i give for it are somewhat heterogeneous4 ,but it was already in vogue in ,france and ,italy as well as in ,england and ,america1 and it was tactically advantageous to use it4444 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,,stonehurst1 ,,intervale1 ,n4,h41 ,oct4 #f1 #aijg4 ,,dearest ,,brother1--,i write this at the ,james ,bryces'1 who have taken the ,merrimans' house for the summer1 and whither ,i came the day before yesterday1 after closing our ,chocorua house1 and seeing ,alice leave for home4 ,we had been there a fortnight1 trying to get some work done1 and having to do most of it with our own hands1 or rather with ,alice's heroic hands1 for mine are worth almost nothing in these degenerate days4 ,it is enough to make your heart break to see the scarcity of labor1 and the whole country tells the same story4 ,our future at ,chocorua is a somewhat problematic one1 though ,i think we shall manage to pass next summer there and get it into better shape for good renting1 thereafter1 at any cost 7not the renting but the shaping74 ,after that what ,i want is a free foot1 and the children are now not dependent on a family summer any longer4444 ,i spent the first three weeks of ,september--warm ones--in my beloved and exquisite ,keene ,valley1 where ,i was able to do a good deal of uphill walking1 with good rather than bad effects1 much to my joy4 ,yesterday ,i took a three hours walk here1 three quarters of an hour of it uphill4 ,i have to go alone1 and slowly2 but it's none the worse for that and makes one feel like old times4 ,i leave this ,p4,m4 for two more days at ,chocorua--at the hotel4 ,the fall is late1 but the woods are beginning to redden beautifully4 ,with the sun behind them1 some maples look like stained-glass windows4 ,but the penury of the human part of this region is depressing1 and ,i begin to have an appetite for ,europe again4 ,alice too6 ,to be at ,cambridge with no lecturing and no students to nurse along with their thesis-work is an almost incredibly delightful prospect4 ,i am going to settle down to the composition of another small book1 more original and ground-breaking than anything ,i have yet put forth7671 which ,i expect to print by the spring2 after which ,i can lie back and write at leisure more routine things for the rest of my days4 ,the ,bryces are wholly unchanged1 excellent friends and hosts1 and ,i like her as much as him4 ,the trouble with him is that his insatiable love of information makes him try to pump you all the time instead of letting you pump him1 and ,i have let my own tongue wag so1 that1 when gone1 ,i shall feel like a fool1 and remember all kinds of things that ,i have forgotten to ask him4 ,i have just been reading to ,mrs4 ,b41 with great gusto on her part and renewed gusto on mine1 the first few pages of your chapter on ,florida in ,the ,american ,scene4 ,kstlich stuff6 ,i had just been reading to myself almost #ej pages of the ,new ,england part of the book1 and fairly melting with delight over the ,chocorua portion4 ,evidently that book will last1 and bear reading over and over again--a few pages at a time1 which is the right way for literature fitly so called4 ,it all makes me wish that we had you here again1 and you will doubtless soon come4 ,i mustn't forget to thank you for the gold pencil-case souvenir4 ,i have had a plated silver one for a year past1 now worn through1 and experienced what a comfort they are4 ,good-bye1 and ,heaven bless you4 ,your loving ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #b1 #aijh4 444,i am just back from the ,american ,philosophical ,association1 which had a really delightful meeting at ,cornell ,university in the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,mostly epistemological4 ,we are getting to know each other and understand each other better1 and shall do so year by year1 ,everyone cursed my doctrine and ,schiller's about truth4 ,i think it largely is misunderstanding1 but it is also due to our having expressed our meaning very ill4 ,the general blanket-word pragmatism covers so many different opinions1 that it naturally arouses irritation to see it flourished as a revolutionary flag4 ,i am also partly to blame here2 but it was tactically wise to use it as a title4 ,far more persons have had their attention attracted1 and the result has been that everybody has been forced to think4 ,substantially ,i have nothing to alter in what ,i have said4444 ,i have just read the first half of ,fechner's ,zend-,avesta1 a wonderful book1 by a wonderful genius4 ,he had his vision and he knows how to discuss it1 as no one's vision ever was discussed4 ,i may tell you in confidence 7,i don't talk of it here because my damned arteries may in the end make me give it up--for a year past ,i have a sort of angina when ,i make efforts7 that ,i have accepted an invitation to give eight public lectures at ,oxford next ,may4 ,i was ashamed to refuse2 but the work of preparing them will be hard 7the title is ,the ,present ,situation in ,philosophy#hd7 and they doom me to relapse into the popular lecture form just as ,i thought ,i had done with it forever4 7,what ,i wished to write this winter was something ultra dry in form1 impersonal and exact47 ,i find that my free and easy and personal way of writing1 especially in ,pragmatism1 has made me an object of loathing to many respectable academic minds1 and ,i am rather tired of awakening that feeling1 which more popular lecturing on my part will probably destine me to increase4 444,i have been with ,strong1 who goes to ,rome this month4 ,good1 truth-loving man6 and a very penetrating mind4 ,i think he will write a great book4 ,we greatly enjoyed seeing your friend ,schwarz1 the teacher4 ,a fine fellow who will1 ,i hope1 succeed4 ,a happy ,new ,year to you now1 dear ,flournoy1 and loving regards from us all to you all4 ,yours as ever ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,norman ,kemp ,smith4 ,post-card ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #ca1 #aijh4 ,i have only just got round to your singularly solid and compact study of ,avenarius in ,mind4 ,i find it clear and very clarifying1 after the innumerable hours ,i have spent in trying to dishevel him4 ,i have read the ,weltbegriff three times1 and have half expected to have to read both books over again to assimilate his immortal message to man1 of which ,i have hitherto been able to make nothing4 ,you set me free6 ,i shall not re-read him6 but leave him to his spiritual dryness and preposterous pedantry4 ,his only really original idea seems to be that of the ,vitalreihe1 and that1 so far as ,i can see1 is quite false1 certainly no improvement on the notion of adaptive reflex actions4 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to his ,daughter4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #b1 #aijh1 ,,darling ,,peg1--,you must have wondered at my silence since your dear mother returned4 ,i hoped to write to you each day1 but the strict routine of my hours now crowded it out4 ,i write on my ,oxford job till one1 then lunch1 then nap1 then to my 444 doctor at four daily1 and from then till dinner-time making calls1 and keeping out as much as possible4 ,to bed as soon after #h as possible--all my odd reading done between #c and #e ,a4,m41 an hour not favorable for letter-writing--so that my necessary business notes have to get in just before dinner 7as now7 or after dinner1 which ,i hate and try to avoid4 ,i think ,i see my way clear to go to ,oxford now1 if ,i don't get more fatigued than at present4 ,four and a quarter lectures are fully written1 and the rest are down-hill work1 much raw material being ready now4444 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,april #ae1 #aijh4 ,,dearest ,,henry1--,your good letter to ,harry has brought news of your play1 of which ,i had only seen an enigmatic paragraph in the papers4 ,i'm right glad it is a success1 and that such good artists as the ,robertsons are in it4 ,i hope it will have a first-rate run in ,london4 ,your apologies for not writing are the most uncalled-for things--your assiduity and the length of your letters to this family are a standing marvel--especially considering the market-value of your copy6 ,so waste no more in that direction4 ',tis ,i who should be prostrating myself--silent as ,i've been for months in spite of the fact that ,i'm so soon to descend upon you4 ,the fact is ,i've been trying to compose the accursed lectures in a state of abominable brain-fatigue--a race between myself and time4 ,i've got six now done out of the eight1 so ,i'm safe1 but sorry that the infernal nervous condition that with me always accompanies literary production must continue at ,oxford and add itself to the other fatigues--a fixed habit of wakefulness1 etc4 ,i ought not to have accepted1 but they've panned out good1 so far1 and if ,i get through them successfully1 ,i shall be very glad that the opportunity came4 ,they will be a good thing to have done4 ,previously1 in such states of fatigue1 ,i have had a break and got away1 but this time no day without its half dozen pages--but the thing hangs on so long6444 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,r4 ,m4 ,s4 ,,ivernia1 ,arriving at ,liverpool1 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,h41--,your letter of the #bfth1 unstamped or post-marked1 has just been wafted into our lap--,i suppose mailed under another cover to the agent's care4 ,i'm glad you're not hurrying from ,paris--,i feared you might be awaiting us in ,london1 and wrote you a letter yesterday to the ,reform ,club1 which you will doubtless get ere you get this1 telling you of our prosperous though tedious voyage in good condition4 ,we cut out ,london and go straight to ,oxford1 via ,chester4 ,i have been sleeping like a top1 and feel in good fighting trim again1 eager for the scalp of the ,absolute4 ,my lectures will put his wretched clerical defenders fairly on the defensive4 ,they begin on ,monday4 ,since you'll have the whole months of ,may and ,june1 if you urge it1 to see us1 ,i pray you not to hasten back from gay ,paree for the purpose4444 ,up since two ,a4,m4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,pauline ,goldmark4 ,,patterdale1 ,,england1 ,july #b1 #aijh4 ,your letter1 beloved ,pauline1 greeted me on my arrival here three hours ago4444 ,how ,i do wish that ,i could be in ,italy alongside of you now1 now or any time6 ,you could do me so much good1 and your ardor of enjoyment of the country1 the towns and the folk would warm up my cold soul4 ,i might even learn to speak ,italian by conversing in that tongue with you4 ,but ,i fear that you'd find me betraying the coldness of my soul by complaining of the heat of my body--a most unworthy attitude to strike4 ,dear ,paolina1 never1 never think of whether your body is hot or cold2 live in the objective world1 above such miserable considerations4 ,i have been up here eight days1 ,alice having gone down last ,saturday1 the #bgth1 to meet ,peggy and ,harry at ,london1 after only two days of it4 ,after all the social and other fever of the past six and a half weeks 7save for the blessed nine days at ,bibury71 it looked like the beginning of a real vacation1 and it would be such but for the extreme heat1 and the accident of one of my recent malignant colds beginning4 ,i have been riding about on stage-coaches for five days past1 but the hills are so treeless that one gets little shade1 and the sun's glare is tremendous4 ,it is a lovely country1 however1 for pedestrianizing in cooler weather4 ,mountains and valleys compressed together as in the ,adirondacks1 great reaches of pink and green hillside and lovely lakes1 the higher parts quite fully alpine in character but for the fact that no snow mountains form the distant background4 ,a strong and noble region1 well worthy of one's life-long devotion1 if one were a ,briton4 ,and on the whole1 what a magnificent land and race is this ,britain6 ,every thing about them is of better quality than the corresponding thing in the ,u4,s4--with but few exceptions1 ,i imagine4 ,and the equilibrium is so well achieved1 and the human tone so cheery1 blithe and manly6 and the manners so delightfully good4 ,not one unwholesome-looking man or woman does one meet here for #bej that one meets in ,america4 ,yet ,i believe 7or suspect7 that ours is eventually the bigger destiny1 if we can only succeed in living up to it1 and thou in #bbnd ,st4 and ,i in ,irving ,st4 must do our respective strokes1 which after #ajjj years will help to have made the glorious collective resultant4 ,meanwhile1 as my brother ,henry once wrote1 thank ,god for a world that holds so rich an ,england1 so rare an ,italy6 ,alice is entirely aufgegangen in her idealization of it4 ,and truly enough1 the gardens1 the manners1 the manliness are an excuse4 ,but profound as is my own moral respect and admiration1 for a vacation give me the ,continent6 ,the civilization here is too heavy1 too stodgy1 if one could use so unamiable a word4 ,the very stability and good-nature of all things 7of course we are leaving out the slum-life67 rest on the basis of the national stupidity1 or rather unintellectuality1 on which as on a safe foundation of non-explosible material1 the magnificent minds of the lite of the race can coruscate as they will1 safely4 ,not until those weeks at ,oxford1 and these days at ,durham1 have ,i had any sense of what a part the ,church plays in the national life4 ,so massive and all-pervasive1 so authoritative1 and on the whole so decent1 in spite of the iniquity and farcicality of the whole thing4 ,never were incompatibles so happily yoked together4 ,talk about the genius of ,romanism6 ,it's nothing to the genius of ,anglicanism1 for ,catholicism still contains some haggard elements1 that ally it with the ,palestinian desert1 whereas ,anglicanism remains obese and round and comfortable and decent with this world's decencies1 without an acute note in its whole life or history1 in spite of the shrill ,jewish words on which its ears are fed1 and the nitro-glycerine of the ,gospels and ,epistles which has been injected into its veins4 ,strange feat to have achieved6 ,yet the success is great--the whole ,church-machine makes for all sorts of graces and decencies1 and is not incompatible with a high type of ,churchman1 high1 that is1 on the side of moral and worldly virtue4444 ,how ,i wish you were beside me at this moment6 ,a breeze has arisen on the ,lake which is spread out before the smoking-room window at which ,i write1 and is very grateful4 ,the lake much resembles ,lake ,george4 ,your ever grateful and loving ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,charles ,eliot ,norton4 ,,patterdale1 ,,england1 ,july #f1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,charles1--,going to ,coniston ,lake the other day and seeing the moving little ,ruskin ,museum at ,coniston 7admission a penny7 made me think rather vividly of you1 and make a resolution to write to you on the earliest opportunity4 ,it was truly moving to see such a collection of ,r4's busy handiwork1 exquisite and loving1 in the way of drawing1 sketching1 engraving and note-taking1 and also such a varied lot of photographs of him1 especially in his old age4 ,glorious old ,don ,quixote that he was6 ,at ,durham1 where ,alice and ,i spent three and a half delightful days at the house of ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,principal of one of the two colleges of which the ,university is composed1 ,i had a good deal of talk with the very remarkable octogenarian ,dean of the ,cathedral and ,lord of the ,university1 a thorough liberal1 or rather radical1 in his mind1 with a voice like a bell1 and an alertness to match1 who had been a college friend of ,ruskin's and known him intimately all his life1 and loved him4 ,he knew not of his correspondence with you1 of which ,i have been happy to be able to order ,kent of ,harvard ,square to send him a copy4 ,his name is ,kitchin4 ,the whole scene at ,durham was tremendously impressive 7though ,york ,cathedral made the stronger impression on me74 ,it was so unlike ,oxford1 so much more ,american in its personnel1 in a way1 yet nestling in the very bosom of those medival stage-properties and ecclesiastical-principality suggestions4 ,oxford is all spread out in length and breadth1 ,durham concentrated in depth and thickness4 ,there is a great deal of flummery about ,oxford1 but ,i think if ,i were an ,oxonian1 in spite of my radicalism generally1 ,i might vote against all change there4 ,it is an absolutely unique fruit of human endeavor1 and like the cathedrals1 can never to the end of time be reproduced1 when the conditions that once made it are changed4 ,let other places of learning go in for all the improvements6 ,the world can afford to keep her one ,oxford unreformed4 ,i know that this is a superficial judgment in both ways1 for ,oxford does manage to keep pace with the utilitarian spirit1 and at the same time preserve lots of her flummery unchanged4 ,on the whole it is a thoroughly democratic place1 so far as aristocracy in the strict sense goes4 ,but ,i'm out of it1 and doubt whether ,i want ever to put foot into it again4444 ,england has changed in many respects4 ,the ,west ,end of ,london1 which used at this season to be so impressive from its splendor1 is now a mixed and mongrel horde of straw hats and cads of every description4 ,motor-buses of the most brutal sort have replaced the old carriages1 ,bond and ,regent ,streets are cheap-jack shows1 everything is tumultuous and confused and has run down in quality4 ,i have been motoring a good deal through this ,lake ,district1 owing to the kindness of some excellent people in the hotel1 dissenters who rejoice in the name of ,squance and inhabit the neighborhood of ,durham4 ,it is wondrous fine1 but especially adapted to trampers1 which ,i no longer am4 ,altogether ,england seems to have got itself into a magnificently fine state of civilization1 especially in regard to the cheery and wholesome tone of manners of the people1 improved as it is getting to be by the greater infusion of the democratic temper4 ,everything here seems about twice as good as the corresponding thing with us4 ,but ,i suspect we have the bigger eventual destiny after all2 and give us a thousand years and we may catch up in many details4 ,i think of you as still at ,cambridge1 and ,i do hope that physical ills are bearing on more gently4 ,lily1 too1 ,i hope is her well self again4 ,you mustn't think of answering this1 which is only an ejaculation of friendship--,i shall be home almost before you can get an answer over4 ,love to all your circle1 including ,theodora1 whom ,i miss greatly4 ,affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henri ,bergson4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,july #bh1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,bergson1--7can't we cease ,professor-ing each other8--that title establishes a disjunctive relation between man and man1 and our relation should be endosmotic socially as well as intellectually1 ,i think71-- ,jacta est alea1 ,i am not to go to ,switzerland6 ,i find1 after a week or more here1 that the monotony and simplification is doing my nervous centres so much good1 that my wife has decided to go off with our daughter to ,geneva1 and to leave me alone with my brother here1 for repairs4 ,it is a great disappointment in other ways than in not seeing you1 but ,i know that it is best4 ,perhaps later in the season the ,zusammenkunft may take place1 for nothing is decided beyond the next three weeks4 ,meanwhile let me say how rarely delighted your letter made me4 ,there are many points in your philosophy which ,i don't yet grasp1 but ,i have seemed to myself to understand your anti-intellectualistic campaign very clearly1 and that ,i have really done it so well in your opinion makes me proud4 ,i am sending your letter to ,strong1 partly out of vanity1 partly because of your reference to him4 ,it does seem to me that philosophy is turning towards a new orientation4 ,are you a reader of ,fechner8 ,i wish that you would read his ,zend-,avesta1 which in the second edition 7#aijd1 ,i think7 is better printed and much easier to read than it looks at the first glance4 ,he seems to me of the real race of prophets1 and ,i cannot help thinking that you1 in particular1 if not already acquainted with this book1 would find it very stimulating and suggestive4 ,his day1 ,i fancy1 is yet to come4 ,i will write no more now1 but merely express my regret 7and hope7 and sign myself1 yours most warmly and sincerely1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the subject of the next letter was a volume of ,essays ,philosophical and ,psychological1 in ,honor of ,william ,james1#he by nineteen contributors1 which had been issued by ,columbia ,university in the spring of #aijh4 ,a note at the beginning of the book said3 ,this volume is intended to mark in some degree its authors' sense of ,professor ,james's memorable services in philosophy and psychology1 the vitality he has added to those studies1 and the encouragement that has flowed from him to colleagues without number4 ,early in #aijg1 at the invitation of ,columbia ,university1 he delivered a course of lectures there1 and met the members of the ,philosophical and ,psychological ,departments on several occasions for social discussion4 ,they have an added motive for the present work in the recollections of this visit4 ,to ,john ,dewey4 ,,rye1 ,,sussex1 ,aug4 #d1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,dewey1--,i don't know whether this will find you in the ,adirondacks or elsewhere1 but ,i hope 'twill be on ,east ,hill4 ,my own copy of the ,essays in my honor1 which took me by complete surprise on the eve of my departure1 was too handsome to take along1 so ,i have but just got round to reading the book1 which ,i find at my brother ,henry's1 where ,i have recently come4 ,it is a masterly set of essays of which we may all be proud1 distinguished by good style1 direct dealing with the facts1 and hot running on the trail of truth1 regardless of previous conventions and categories4 ,i am sure it hitches the subject of epistemology a good day's journey ahead1 and proud indeed am ,i that it should be dedicated to my memory4 ,your own contribution is to my mind the most weighty--unless perhaps ,strong's should prove to be so4 ,i rejoice exceedingly that you should have got it out4 ,no one yet has succeeded1 it seems to me1 in jumping into the centre of your vision4 ,once there1 all the perspectives are clear and open2 and when you or some one else of us shall have spoken the exact word that opens the centre to everyone1 mediating between it and the old categories and prejudices1 people will wonder that there ever could have been any other philosophy4 ,that it is the philosophy of the future1 ,i'll bet my life4 ,admiringly and affectionately yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,lamb ,,house1 ,,rye1 ,aug4 #i1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,i can't make out from my wife's letters whether she has seen you face to face1 or only heard accounts of you from ,madame ,flournoy4 ,she reports you very tired from the ,congress--but ,i don't know what ,congress has been meeting at ,geneva just now4 ,i don't suppose that you will go to the philosophical congress at ,heidelberg--,i certainly shall not4 ,i doubt whether philosophers will gain so much by talking with each other as other classes of ,gelehrten do4 ,one needs to frequenter a colleague daily for a month before one can begin to understand him4 ,it seems to me that the collective life of philosophers is little more than an organization of misunderstandings4 ,i gave eight lectures at ,oxford1 but besides ,schiller and one other tutor1 only two persons ever mentioned them to me1 and those were the two heads of ,manchester ,college by whom ,i had been invited4 ,philosophical work it seems to me must go on in silence and in print exclusively4 ,you will have heard 7either directly or indirectly7 from my wife of my reasons for not accompanying them to ,geneva4 ,i have been for more than three weeks now at my brother's1 and am much better for the simplification4 ,i am very sorry not to have met with you1 but ,i think ,i took the prudent course in staying away4 ,i have just read ,miss ,johnson's report in the last ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 ,proceedings1 and a good bit of the proofs of ,piddington's on cross-correspondences between ,mrs4 ,piper1 ,mrs4 ,verrall1 and ,mrs4 ,holland1 which is to appear in the next number4 ,you will be much interested1 if you can gather the philosophical energy1 to go through such an amount of tiresome detail4 ,it seems to me that these reports open a new chapter in the history of automatism2 and ,piddington's and ,johnson's ability is of the highest order4 ,evidently automatism is a word that covers an extraordinary variety of fact4 ,i suppose that you have on the whole been gratified by the vindication of ,eusapia ,paladino at the hands of ,morselli et al4 in ,italy4 ,physical phenomena also seem to be entering upon a new phase in their history4 ,well1 ,i will stop1 this is only a word of greeting and regret at not seeing you4 ,i got your letter of many weeks ago when we were at ,oxford4 ,don't take the trouble to write now--my wife will bring me all the news of you and your family1 and will have given you all mine4 ,love to ,madame ,f4 and all the young ones1 too1 please4 ,your ever affectionate ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,shadworth ,h4 ,hodgson4 ,,paignton1 ,s4 ,,devon1 ,oct4 #c1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,hodgson1--,i have been five months in ,england 7you have doubtless heard of my lecturing at ,oxford7 yet never given you a sign of life4 ,the reason is that ,i have sedulously kept away from ,london1 which ,i admire1 but at my present time of life abhor1 and only touched it two or three times for thirty-six hours to help my wife do her shopping 7strange use for an elderly philosopher to be put to74 ,the last time ,i was in ,london1 about a month ago1 ,i called at your affectionately remembered ,no4 #de1 only to find you gone to ,yorkshire1 as ,i feared ,i should4 ,i go back in an hour1 en route for ,liverpool1 whence1 with wife and daughter1 ,i sail for ,boston in the ,saxonia4 ,i am literally enchanted with rural ,england1 yet ,i doubt whether ,i ever return4 ,i never had a fair chance of getting acquainted with the country here1 and if ,i were a stout pedestrian1 which ,i no longer am1 ,i think ,i should frequent this land every summer4 ,but in my decrepitude ,i must make the best of the more effortless relations which ,i enjoy with nature in my own country4 ,i have seen many philosophers1 at ,oxford1 especially1 and ,james ,ward at ,cambridge2 but1 apart from very few conversations1 didn't get at close quarters with any of them1 and they probably gained as little from me as ,i from them4 ,we are columns left alone1 of a temple once complete4 ,the power of mutual misunderstanding in philosophy seems infinite1 and grows discouraging4 ,schiller of course1 and his pragmatic friend ,captain ,knox1 ,james ,ward1 and ,mc,dougall1 stand out as the most satisfactory talkers4 ,but there is too much fencing and scoring of points at ,oxford to make construction active4 ,good-bye6 dear ,hodgson1 and pray think of me with a little of the affection and intellectual interest with which ,i always think of you4 ,my ,oxford lectures won't appear till next ,april4 ,don't read the extracts which the ,hibbert ,journal is publishing4 ,they are torn out of their natural setting4 ,i have1 as you probably know1 ceased teaching and am enjoying a ,carnegie pension4 ,yours ever fondly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,london1 ,oct4 #d1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,i got your delightful letter duly two weeks ago1 or more4 ,i always have a bad conscience on receiving a letter from you1 because ,i feel as if ,i forced you to write it1 and ,i know too well by your own confessions 7as well as by my own far less extreme experience of reluctance to write7 what a nuisance and an effort letters are apt to be4 ,but no matter6 this letter of yours was a good one indeed4444 ,we sail from ,liverpool the day after tomorrow1 and tomorrow will be a busy day winding up our affairs and making some last purchases of small things4 ,alice has an insatiable desire 7as ,mrs4 ,flournoy may have noticed at ,geneva7 to increase her possessions1 whilst ,i1 like an ,american ,tolstoy1 wish to diminish them4 ,the most convenient arrangement for a ,tolstoy is to have an anti-,tolstoyan wife to run the house for him4 ,we have been for three days in ,devonshire1 and for four days at ,oxford previous to that4 ,extraordinary warm summer weather1 with exquisite atmospheric effects4 ,i am extremely glad to leave ,england with my last optical images so beautiful4 ,in any case the harmony and softness of the landscape of rural ,england probably excels everything in the world in that line4 ,at ,oxford ,i saw ,mc,dougall and ,schiller quite intimately1 also ,schiller's friend1 ,capt4 ,knox1 who1 retired from the army1 lives at ,grndelwald1 and is an extremely acute mind1 and fine character1 ,i should think4 ,he is a militant ,pragmatist4 ,before that ,i spent three days at ,cambridge1 where again ,i saw ,james ,ward intimately4 ,i prophesy that if he gets his health again 444 he will become also a militant pluralist of some sort4 ,i think he has worked out his original monistic-theistic vein and is steering straight towards a critical point where the umbrella will turn inside out1 and not go back4 ,i hope so6 ,i made the acquaintance of ,boutroux here last week4 ,he came to the ,moral ,education ,congress where he made a very fine address4 ,i find him very simpatico4 ,illustration3 ,william ,james and ,henry ,clement1 at the ,putnam ,shanty1 in the ,adirondacks 7#aijg874 ,but the best of all these meetings has been one of three hours this very morning with ,bergson1 who is here visiting his relatives4 ,so modest and unpretending a man1 but such a genius intellectually6 ,we talked very easily together1 or rather he talked easily1 for he talked much more than ,i did1 and although ,i can't say that ,i follow the folds of his system much more clearly than ,i did before1 he has made some points much plainer4 ,i have the strongest suspicions that the tendency which he has brought to a focus will end by prevailing1 and that the present epoch will be a sort of turning-point in the history of philosophy4 ,so many things converge towards an anti-rationalistic crystallization4 ,qui vivra verra6 ,i am very glad indeed to go on board ship4 ,for two months ,i have been more than ready to get back to my own habits1 my own library and writing-table and bed4444 ,i wish you1 and all of you1 a prosperous and healthy and resultful winter1 and am1 with old-time affection1 your ever faithful friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,if the duty of writing weighs so heavily on you1 why obey it8 ,why1 for example1 write any more reviews8 ,i absolutely refuse to1 and find that one great alleviation4 ,to ,henri ,bergson4 ,,london1 ,oct4 #d1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,bergson1--,my brother was sorry that you couldn't come4 ,he wishes me to say that he is returning to ,rye the day after tomorrow and is so engaged tomorrow that he will postpone the pleasure of meeting you to some future opportunity4 ,i need hardly repeat how much ,i enjoyed our talk today4 ,you must take care of yourself and economize all your energies for your own creative work4 ,i want very much to see what you will have to say on the ,substanzbegriff6 ,why should life be so short8 ,i wish that you and ,i and ,strong and ,flournoy and ,mc,dougall and ,ward could live on some mountain-top for a month1 together1 and whenever we got tired of philosophizing1 calm our minds by taking refuge in the scenery4 ,always truly yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,cambridge1 ,nov4 #bh1 #aijh4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,first and ,last ,things is a great achievement4 ,the first two books should be entitled philosophy without humbug and used as a textbook in all the colleges of the world4 ,you have put your finger accurately on the true emphases1 and--in the main--on what seem to me the true solutions 7you are more monistic in your faith than ,i should be1 but as long as you only call it faith1 that's your right and privilege71 and the simplicity of your statements ought to make us professionals blush4 ,i have been #ce years on the way to similar conclusions--simply because ,i started as a professional and had to dbrouiller them from all the traditional school rubbish4 ,the other two books exhibit you in the character of the ,tolstoy of the ,english world4 ,a sunny and healthy-minded ,tolstoy1 as he is a pessimistic and morbid-minded ,wells4 ,where the higher synthesis will be born1 who shall combine the pair of you1 ,heaven only knows4 ,but you are carrying on the same function1 not only in that neither of your minds is boxed and boarded up like the mind of an ordinary human being1 but all the contents down to the very bottom come out freely and unreservedly and simply1 but in that you both have the power of contagious speech1 and set the similar mood vibrating in the reader4 ,be happy in that such power has been put into your hands6 ,this book is worth any #ajj volumes on ,metaphysics and any #bjj of ,ethics1 of the ordinary sort4 ,yours1 with friendliest regards to ,mrs4 ,wells1 most sincerely1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,henry ,james4 ,cambridge1 ,dec4 #ai1 #aijh4 ,,dearest ,h41-- 444,i write this at #f4cj ,a4,m41 in the library1 which the blessed hard-coal fire has kept warm all night4 ,the night has been still1 thermometer #bj1 and the dawn is breaking in a pure red line behind ,grace ,norton's house1 into a sky empty save for a big morning star and the crescent of the waning moon4 ,not a cloud--a true ,american winter effect4 ,but somehow le grand puits de l'aurore doesn't appeal to my sense of life1 or challenge my spirits as formerly4 ,it suggests no more enterprises to the decrepitude of age1 which vegetates along1 drawing interest merely on the investment of its earlier enterprises4 ,the accursed thoracic symptom is a killer of enterprise with me1 and ,i dare say that it is little better with you4 ,but the less said of it the better--it doesn't diminish6 ,my time has been consumed by interruptions almost totally1 until a week ago1 when ,i finally got down seriously to work upon my ,hodgson report4 ,it means much more labor than one would suppose1 and very little result4 ,i wish that ,i had never undertaken it4 ,i am sending off a preliminary installment of it to be read at the ,s4 ,p4 ,r4 meeting in ,january4 ,that done1 the rest will run off easily1 and in a month ,i expect to actually begin the ,introduction to ,philosophy1 which has been postponed so long1 and which ,i hope will add to income for a number of years to come4 ,your ,volumes ,,xiii and ,,xiv arrived the other day--many thanks4 ,we're subscribing to two copies of the work1 sending them as wedding presents4 ,i hope it will sell4 ,very enticing-looking1 but ,i can't settle down to the prefaces as yet1 the only thing ,i have been able to read lately being ,lowes ,dickinson's last book1 ,justice and ,liberty1 which seems to me a decidedly big achievement from every point of view1 and probably destined to have a considerable influence in moulding the opinion of the educated4 ,stroke upon stroke1 from pens of genius1 the competitive rgime1 so idolized #ge years ago1 seems to be getting wounded to death4 ,what will follow will be something better1 but ,i never saw so clearly the slow effect of the accumulation of the influence of successive individuals in changing prevalent ideals4 ,wells and ,dickinson will undoubtedly make the biggest steps of change4444 ,well dear brother6 a merry ,christmas to you--to you both1 ,i trust1 for ,i fancy ,aleck will be with you when this arrives--and a happy ,new ,year at its tail6 ,your loving ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #bi1 #aiji4 ,,beloved ,,thomas1 cher matre et confrre1--,your delightful letter about my ,fechner article and about your having become a professional philosopher yourself came to hand duly1 four days ago1 and filled the heart of self and wife with joy4 ,i always knew you was one1 for to be a real philosopher all that is necessary is to hate some one else's type of thinking1 and if that some one else be a representative of the classic type of thought1 then one is a pragmatist and owns the fulness of the truth4 ,fechner is indeed a dear1 and ,i am glad to have introduced1 so to speak1 his speculations to the ,english world1 although the ,revd4 ,elwood ,worcester has done so in a somewhat more limited manner in a recent book of his called ,the ,living ,word-7,worcester of ,emmanuel ,church1 ,i mean1 whom everyone has now begun to fall foul of for trying to reanimate the ,church's healing virtue74 ,another case of newspaper crime6 ,the reporters all got hold of it with their megaphones1 and made the nation sick of the sound of its name4 ,whereas in former ages men strove hard for fame1 obscurity is now the one thing to be striven for4 ,for fame1 all one need do is to exist2 and the reporter will do the rest--especially if you give them the address of your fotographer4 ,i hope you're a spelling reformer--,i send you the last publication from that quarter4 ,i'm sure that simple spelling will make a page look better1 just as a crowd looks better if everyone's clothes fit4 ,apropos of pragmatism1 a learned ,theban named---- has written a circus-performance of which he is the clown1 called ,anti-pragmatisme4 ,it has so much verve and good spirit that ,i feel like patting him on the back1 and sicking him on1 but ,lord6 what a fool6 ,i think ,i shall leave it unnoticed4 ,i'm tired of rexplaining what is already explained to satiety4 ,let them say1 now1 for it is their turn1 what the relation called truth consists in1 what it is known as6 ,i have had you on my mind ever since ,jan4 #ast1 when we had our ,friday evening ,club-dinner1 and ,i was deputed to cable you a happy ,new ,year4 ,the next day ,i couldn't get to the telegraph office2 the day after ,i said to myself1 ,i'll save the money1 and save him the money1 for if he gets a cable1 he'll be sure to cable back2 so ,i'll write2 the following day1 ,i forgot to2 the next day ,i postponed the act2 so from postponement to postponement1 here ,i am4 ,forgive1 forgive6 ,most affectionate remarks were made about you at the dinner1 which generally doesn't err by wasting words on absentees1 even on those gone to eternity4444 ,i have just got off my report on the ,hodgson control1 which has stuck to my fingers all this time4 ,it is a hedging sort of an affair1 and ,i don't know what the ,perry family will think of it4 ,the truth is that the case is a particularly poor one for testing ,mrs4 ,piper's claim to bring back spirits4 ,it is leakier than any other case1 and intrinsically1 ,i think1 no stronger than many of her other good cases1 certainly weaker than the ,g4 ,p4 case4 ,i am also now engaged in writing a popular article1 the avowals of a psychical researcher1 for the ,american ,magazine1 in which ,i simply state without argument my own convictions1 and put myself on record4 ,i think that public opinion is just now taking a step forward in these matters--vide the ,eusapian boom6 and possibly both these ,schriften of mine will add their influence4 ,thank you for the ,charmes reception and for the earthquake correspondence6 ,i envy you in clean and intelligent ,paris1 though our winter is treating us very mildly4 ,a lovely sunny day today6 ,love to all of you6 ,yours fondly1 ,w4 ,j4 ,the ,charmes reception was a report of the speeches at the ,french ,academy's reception of ,francis ,charmes4 ,the ,eusapian boom will have been understood to refer to current discussions of the medium ,eusapia ,paladino4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the next letter refers to a paper in which both ,james and ,mnsterberg had been attacked in such a manner that ,mnsterberg proposed to send a protest to the ,american ,psychological ,association4 ,to ,hugo ,mnsterberg4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #af1 #aiji4 ,,dear ,m,,nsterberg1--,witmer has sent me the corpus delicti1 and ,i find myself curiously unmoved4 ,in fact he takes so much trouble over me1 and goes at the job with such zest that ,i feel like sicking him on1 as they say to dogs4 ,perhaps the honor of so many pages devoted to one makes up for the dishonor of their content4 ,it is really a great compliment to have anyone take so much trouble about one4 ,think of copying all ,wundt's notes6 ,but1 dear ,mnsterberg1 ,i hope you'll withdraw a second time your protest4 ,i think it undignified to take such an attack seriously4 ,its excessive dimensions 7in my case at any rate71 and the smallness and remoteness of the provocation1 stamp it as simply eccentric1 and to show sensitiveness only gives it importance in the eyes of readers who otherwise would only smile at its extravagance4 ,besides1 since these temperamental antipathies exist--why isn't it healthy that they should express themselves8 ,for my part1 ,i feel rather glad than otherwise that psychology is so live a subject that psychologists should go for each other in this way1 and ,i think it all ought to happen inside of our ,association4 ,we ought to cultivate tough hides there1 so ,i hope that you will withdraw the protest4 ,i have mentioned it only to ,royce1 and will mention it to no one else4 ,i don't like the notion of ,harvard people seeming touchy6 ,your fellow victim1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman4 ,cambridge1 ,apr4 #cj1 #aiji4 ,,dear ,,jack ,c41--,i'm not expecting you to read my book1 but only to give me a thought when you look at the cover4 ,a certain witness at a poisoning case was asked how the corpse looked4 ,pleasant-like and foaming at the mouth1 was the reply4 ,a good description of you1 describing philosophy1 in your letter4 ,all that you say is true1 and yet the conspiracy has to be carried on by us professors4 ,reality has to be returned to1 after this long circumbendibus1 though ,gavroche has it already4 ,there are concepts1 anyhow4 ,i am glad you lost the volume4 ,it makes one less in existence and ought to send up the price of the remainder4 ,blessed spring6 blessed spring6 ,love to you both from yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,the next post-card was written in acknowledgment of ,professor ,palmer's comments on ,a ,pluralistic ,universe4 ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,palmer4 ,post-card ,cambridge1 ,may #ac1 #aiji4 ,the finest critical mind of our time6 ,no one can mix the honey and the gall as you do6 ,my conceit appropriates the honey--for the gall it makes indulgent allowance1 as the inevitable watering of a pair of aged rationalist eyes at the effulgent sunrise of a new philosophic day6 ,thanks6 thanks6 for the honey4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,to ,,theodore ,,flournoy4 ,,chocorua1 ,,june #ah1 #aiji4 ,,my ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,you must have been wondering during all these weeks what has been the explanation of my silence4 ,it has had two simple causes2 #ast1 laziness2 and #bnd1 uncertainty1 until within a couple of days1 about whether or not ,i was myself going to ,geneva for the ,university ,jubilee4 ,i have been strongly tempted1 not only by the doctorate of theology1 which you confidentially told me of 7and which would have been a fertile subject of triumph over my dear friend ,royce on my part1 and of sarcasm on his part about academic distinctions1 as well as a diverting episode generally among my friends1--,i being so essentially profane a character71 but by the hope of seeing you1 and by the prospect of a few weeks in dear old ,switzerland again4 ,but the economical1 hygienic and domestic reasons were all against the journey2 so a few days ago ,i ceased coquetting with the idea of it1 and have finally given it up4 ,this postpones any possible meeting with you till next summer1 when ,i think it pretty certain that ,alice and ,i and ,peggy will go to ,europe again1 and probably stay there for two years4444 ,what with the ,jubilee and the ,congress1 dear ,flournoy1 ,i fear that your own summer will not yield much healing repose4 ,go through it like an automaton is the best advice ,i can give you4 ,i find that it is possible1 on occasions of great strain1 to get relief by ceasing all voluntary control4 ,do nothing1 and ,i find that something will do itself6 and not so stupidly in the eyes of outsiders as in one's own4 ,claparde will1 ,i suppose1 be the chief executive officer at the ,congress4 ,it is a pleasure to see how he is rising to the top among psychologists1 how large a field he covers1 and with both originality and humanity 7in the sense of the omission of the superfluous and technical1 and preference for the probable74 ,when will the ,germans learn that part8 ,i have just been reading ,driesch's ,gifford lectures1 ,volume ,,ii4 ,very exact and careful1 and the work of a most powerful intellect4 ,but why lug in1 as he does1 all that ,kantian apparatus1 when the questions he treats of are real enough and important enough to be handled directly and not smothered in that opaque and artificial veil8 ,i find the book extremely suggestive1 and should like to believe in its thesis1 but ,i can't help suspecting that ,driesch is unjust to the possibilities of purely mechanical action4 ,candle-flames1 waterfalls1 eddies in streams1 to say nothing of vortex atoms1 seem to perpetuate themselves and repair their injuries4 ,you ought to receive very soon my report on ,mrs4 ,piper's ,hodgson control4 ,some theoretic remarks ,i make at the end may interest you4 ,i rejoice in the triumph of ,eusapia all along the line--also in ,ochorowicz's young ,polish medium1 whom you have seen4 ,it looks at last as if something definitive and positive were in sight4 ,i am correcting the proofs of a collection of what ,i have written on the subject of truth--it will appear in ,september under the title of ,the ,meaning of ,truth1 a ,sequel to ,pragmatism4 ,it is already evident from the letters ,i am getting about the ,pluralistic ,universe that that book will #ast1 be read2 #bnd1 be rejected almost unanimously at first1 and for very diverse reasons2 but1 #crd1 will continue to be bought and referred to1 and will end by strongly influencing ,english philosophy4 ,and now1 dear ,flournoy1 good-bye6 and believe me with sincerest affection for ,mrs4 ,flournoy and the young people as well as for yourself1 yours faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,miss ,theodora ,sedgwick4 ,,chocorua1 ,july #ab1 #aiji4 ,,dear ,,theodora1--,we got your letter a week ago1 and were very glad to hear of your prosperous installation1 and good impressions of the place4 ,i am sorry that ,harry couldn't go to see you the first ,sunday1 but hope1 if he didn't go for yesterday1 that he will do so yet4 ,when your social circle gets established1 and routine life set up1 ,i am sure that you will like ,newport very much4 ,as for ourselves1 the place is only just beginning to smooth out4 ,the instruments of labor had well-nigh all disappeared1 and had to come piecemeal1 each forty-eight hours after being ordered1 so we have been using the cow as a lawn-mower1 silver knives to carve with1 and finger-nails for technical purposes generally4 ,there is no labor known to man in which ,alice has not indulged1 and ,i have sought safety among the mosquitoes in the woods rather than remain to shirk my responsibilities in full view of them4 ,we have hired a little mare1 fearless of automobiles1 we get our mail dally1 we had company to dinner yesterday1 relatives of ,alice1 the children will be here by the middle of the week1 the woods are deliciously fragrant1 and the weather1 so far1 cool--in fact we are launched and the regular summer equilibrium will soon set in4 ,the place is both pathetic and irresistible2 ,i want to sell it1 ,alice wants to enlarge it--we shall end by doing neither1 but discuss it to the end of our days4 ,i have just read ,shaler's autobiography1 and it has fairly haunted me with the overflowing impression of his myriad-minded character4 ,full of excesses as he was1 due to his intense vivacity1 impulsiveness1 and imaginativeness1 his centre of gravity was absolutely steady1 and ,i knew no man whose sense of the larger relation of things was always so true and right4 ,of all the minds ,i have known1 his leaves the largest impression1 and ,i miss him more than ,i have missed anyone before4 ,you ought to read the book1 especially the autobiographic half4 ,good-bye1 dear ,theodora4 ,alice joins her love to mine1 and ,i am1 as ever1 yours affectionately1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller4 ,chocorua1 ,aug4 #ad1 #aiji4 ,,dear ,,schiller1-- 444,i got the other day a very candid letter from ,a4 ,s4 ,pringle-,pattison1 about my ,pluralistic ,universe1 in which he said3 ,it is supremely difficult to accept the conclusion of an actually growing universe1 an actual addition to the sum of being or 7if that expression be objectionable7 to the intensity and scope of existence1 to a growing ,god1 in fact4--,this seems to me very significant4 ,on such minute little snags and hooks1 do all the difficulties of philosophy hang4 ,call them categories1 and sacred laws1 principles of reason1 etc41 and you have the actual state of metaphysics1 calling all the analogies of phenomenal life impossibilities4 ,no more lecturing from ,w4 ,j41 thank you6 either at ,oxford or elsewhere4 ,affectionately thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,chocorua1 ,sept4 #bh1 #aiji4 ,,dear ,,flournoy1--,we had fondly hoped that before now you might both1 accepting my half-invitation1 half-suggestion1 be with us in this uncared-for-nature1 so different from ,switzerland1 and you getting strengthened and refreshed by the change4 ,dieu dispose1 indeed6 ,the fact that is never entered into our imagination6 ,i give up all hope of you this year1 unless it be for ,cambridge1 where1 however1 the conditions of repose will be less favorable for you4444 ,i am myself going down to ,cambridge on the fifth of ,october for two days of inauguration ceremonies of our new president1 ,lawrence ,lowell4444 ,there are so many rival universities in our country that advantage has to be taken of such changes to make the newspaper talk1 and keep the name of ,harvard in the public ear1 so the occasion is to be almost as elaborate as a ,jubilee2 but ,i shall keep as much out of it as is officially possible1 and come back to ,chocorua on the #hth1 to stay as late into ,october as we can1 though probably not later than the #bjth1 after which the ,cambridge winter will begin4 ,it hasn't gone well with my health this summer1 and beyond a little reading1 ,i have done no work at all4 ,i have1 however1 succeeded during the past year in preparing a volume on the ,meaning of ,truth--already printed papers for the most part--which you will receive in a few days after getting this letter1 and which ,i think may help you to set the pragmatic account of ,knowledge in a clearer light4 ,i will also send you a magazine article on the mediums1 which has just appeared1 and which may divert you4#hf ,eusapia ,paladino1 ,i understand1 has just signed a contract to come to ,new ,york to be at the disposition of ,hereward ,carrington1 an expert in medium's tricks1 and author of a book on the same1 who1 together with ,fielding and ,bagally1 also experts1 formed the ,committee of the ,london ,s4 ,p4 ,r41 who saw her at ,naples4444 ,after ,courtier's report on ,eusapia1 ,i don't think any investigation here will be worth much scientifically--the only advantage of her coming may possibly be to get some scientific men to believe that there is really a problem4 ,two other cases have been reported to me lately1 which are worth looking up1 and ,i shall hope to do so4 ,how much your interests and mine keep step with each other1 dear ,flournoy4 ,functional psychology1 and the twilight region that surrounds the clearly lighted centre of experience6 ,speaking of functional psychology1 ,clark ,university1 of which ,stanley ,hall is president1 had a little international congress the other day in honor of the twentieth year of its existence4 ,i went there for one day in order to see what ,freud was like1 and met also ,yung of ,zrich1 who professed great esteem for you1 and made a very pleasant impression4 ,i hope that ,freud and his pupils will push their ideas to their utmost limits1 so that we may learn what they are4 ,they can't fail to throw light on human nature2 but ,i confess that he made on me personally the impression of a man obsessed with fixed ideas4 ,i can make nothing in my own case with his dream theories1 and obviously symbolism is a most dangerous method4 ,a newspaper report of the congress said that ,freud had condemned the ,american religious therapy 7which has such extensive results7 as very dangerous because so unscientific4 ,bah6 ,well1 it is pouring rain and so dark that ,i must close4 ,alice joins me1 dear ,flournoy1 in sending you our united love1 in which all your children have a share4 ,ever yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,shadworth ,h4 ,hodgson4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #a1 #aiaj4 ,a happy ,new ,year to you1 dear ,hodgson1 and may it bring a state of mind more recognizant of truth when you see it6 ,your jocose salutation of my account of truth is an epigrammatic commentary on the cross-purposes of philosophers1 considering that on the very day 7yesterday7 of its reaching me1 ,i had replied to a ,belgian student writing a thesis on pragmatism1 who had asked me to name my sources of inspiration1 that ,i could only recognize two1 ,peirce1 as quoted1 and ,s4 ,h4 ,h4 with his method of attacking problems1 by asking what their terms are ,known-as4 ,unhappy world1 where grandfathers can't recognize their own grandchildren6 ,let us love each other all the same1 dear ,hodgson1 though the grandchild be in your eyes a prodigal4 ,affectionately yours1 ,,wm4 ,,james4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the news of ,james's election as ,associ tranger of the ,acadmie des ,sciences ,morales et ,politiques1 which had appeared in the ,boston ,journal a day or two before the next letter1 had1 of course1 reached the ,american newspapers directly from ,paris4 ,the unread book by ,bergson of which ,mr4 ,chapman was to forward his manuscript-review was obviously ,le ,rire1 and ,mr4 ,chapman's review may be found1 not where the next letter but one might lead one to seek it1 but in the files of the ,hibbert ,journal4 ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman4 ,cambridge1 ,jan4 #cj1 #aiaj4 ,,dear ,,jack1--,invincible epistolary laziness and a conscience humbled to the dust have conspired to retard this letter4 ,god sent me straight to you with my story about ,bergson's cablegram--the only other person to whom ,i have told it was ,henry ,higginson4 ,one of you must have put it into the ,boston ,journal of the next day1--you of course1 to humiliate me still the more1--so now ,i lie in the dust1 spurning all the decorations and honors under which the powers and principalities are trying to bury me1 and seeking to manifest the naked truth in my uncomely form4 ,never again1 never again6 ,naked came ,i into life1 and this world's vanities are not for me6 ,you1 dear ,jack1 are the only reincarnation of ,isaiah and ,job1 and ,i praise ,god that he has let me live in your day4 ,real values are known only to you6 ,as for ,bergson1 ,i think your change of the word comic into the word tragic throughout his book is impayable1 and ,i have no doubt it is true4 ,i have only read half of him1 so don't know how he is coming out4 ,meanwhile send me your own foolishness on the same subject1 commend me to your liege lady1 and believe me1 shamefully yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #h1 #aiaj4 ,,dear ,,jack1--,wonderful6 wonderful6 ,shallow1 incoherent1 obnoxious to its own criticism of ,chesterton and ,shaw1 off its balance1 accidental1 whimsical1 false2 but with central fires of truth blazing fuliginous mid murkiest confusion1 telling the reader nothing of the ,comic except that it's smaller than the ,tragic1 but readable and splendid1 showing that the man who wrote it is more than anything he can write6 ,pray patch some kind of a finale to it and send it to the ,atlantic6 ,yours ever fondly1 ,w4 ,j4 7,membre de ,i',institut67 99 99 99 99 99 ,the specimen which was enclosed with the following note has been lost4 ,it was perhaps a bit of adulatory verse4 ,what is said about ,harris and ,shakespeare1 as also in a later letter to ,mr4 ,t4 ,s4 ,perry on the same subject1 was written apropos of a book entitled ,the ,man ,shakespeare1 ,his ,tragic ,life-,story4#hg ,to ,john ,jay ,chapman4 ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #ae1 #aiaj4 ,,dear ,,jack1--,just a word to say that it pleases me to hear you write this about ,harris and ,shakespeare4 ,h4 is surely false in much that he claims2 yet 'tis the only way in which ,shakespeare ought to be handled1 so his is the best book4 ,the trouble with ,s4 was his intolerable fluency4 ,he improvised so easily that it kept down his level4 ,it is hard to see how the man that wrote his best things could possibly have let himself do ranting bombast and complication on such a large scale elsewhere4 ',t is mighty fun to read him through in order4 ,i send you a specimen of the kind of thing that tends to hang upon me as the ivy on the oak4 ,when will the day come8 ,never till1 like me1 you give yourself out as a poetry-hater4 ,thine ever1 ,illustration3 signature my new signature ,to ,dickinson ,s4 ,miller4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #bf1 #aiaj4 ,,dear ,,miller1--,your study of me arrives6 and ,i have pantingly turned the pages to find the eulogistic adjectives1 and find them in such abundance that my head swims4 ,glory to ,god that ,i have lived to see this day6 to have so much said about me1 and to be embalmed in literature like the great ones of the past6 ,i didn't know ,i was so much1 was all these things1 and yet1 as ,i read1 ,i see that ,i was 7or am871 and shall boldly assert myself when ,i go abroad4 ,to speak in all dull soberness1 dear ,miller1 it touches me to the quick that you should have hatched out this elaborate description of me with such patient and loving incubation4 ,i have only spent five minutes over it so far1 meaning to take it on the steamer1 but ,i get the impression that it is almost unexampled in our literature as a piece of profound analysis of an individual mind4 ,i'm sorry you stick so much to my psychological phase1 which ,i care little for1 now1 and never cared much4 ,this epistemological and metaphysical phase seems to me more original and important1 and ,i haven't lost hopes of converting you entirely yet4 ,meanwhile1 thanks6 thanks6 mile ,boutroux1 who is a regular angel1 has just left our house4 ,i've written an account of his lectures which the ,nation will print on the #cast4 ,i should like you to look it over1 hasty as it is4 444,i hope that all these lectures on contemporaries 7,what a live place ,columbia is67 will appear together in a volume4 ,i can't easily believe that any will compare with yours as a thorough piece of interpretative work4 ,we sail on ,tuesday next4 ,my thorax has been going the wrong way badly this winter1 and ,i hope that ,nauheim may patch it up4 ,strength to your elbow6 ,affectionately and gratefully yours1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,,xvii #aiaj ,final ,months--,the ,end ,,several reasons combined to take ,james to ,europe in the early spring of #aiaj4 ,his heart had been giving him more discomfort4 ,he wished to consult a specialist in ,paris from whom an acquaintance of his1 similarly afflicted1 had received great benefit4 ,he believed that another course of ,nauheim baths would be helpful4 ,last1 and not least1 he wished to be within reach of his brother ,henry1 who was ill and concerning whose condition he was much distressed4 ,in reality it was he1 not his brother1 who already stood in the shadow of ,death's door4 ,accordingly he sailed for ,england with ,mrs4 ,james1 and went first to ,lamb ,house4 ,thence he crossed alone to ,paris1 and thence went on to ,nauheim1 leaving ,mrs4 ,james to bring his brother to ,nauheim to join him4 ,the ,parisian specialist could do nothing but confirm previous diagnoses4 ,too much sitting up and talking with friends in ,paris exhausted him seriously1 and1 after leaving ,paris1 he failed for the first time to shake off his fatigue4 ,the immediate effect of the ,nauheim baths proved to be very debilitating1 and1 again1 he failed to rally and improve when he had finished them4 ,by ,july1 after trying the air of ,lucerne and ,geneva1 only to find that the altitude caused him unbearable distress1 he despaired of any relief beyond what now looked like the incomparable consolations of being at rest in his own home4 ,so he turned his face westward4 ,the next letters bid good-bye for the summer to two tried friends4 ,five months later it seemed as if ,james had been at more pains to make his adieus than he usually put himself to on account of a summer's absence4 ,when ,mrs4 ,james returned to the ,cambridge house in the autumn1 after he had died1 and had occasion to open his desk copy of the ,harvard ,catalogue1 she found these words jotted at the head of the ,faculty ,list3 ,a thousand regrets cover every beloved name4 ,it grieved him that life was too short and too full for him to see many of them as often as he wanted to4 ,one day before he sailed1 his eye had been caught by the familiar names and1 as a throng of comradely intentions filled his heart1 he had had a moment of foreboding1 and he had let his hand trace the words that cried this needless ,forgive me6 and recorded an incommunicable ,farewell4 ,to ,henry ,l4 ,higginson4 ,cambridge1 ,mar4 #bh1 #aiaj4 ,,beloved ,,henry1--,i had most positive hopes of driving in to see you ere the deep engulfs us1 but the press is too great here1 and it remains impossible4 ,this is just a word to say that you are not forgotten1 or ever to be forgotten1 and that 7after what ,mrs4 ,higginson said7 ,i am hoping you may sail yourself pretty soon1 and have a refreshing time1 and cross our path4 ,we go straight to ,rye1 expecting to be in ,paris for the beginning of ,april for a week1 and then to ,nauheim1 whence ,alice1 after seeing me safely settled1 will probably return to ,rye for the heft of the summer4 ,it would pay you to turn up both there and at ,nauheim and see the mode of life4 ,hoping you'll have a good ,club dinner ,friday night1 and never need any surgery again1 ,i am ever thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,miss ,frances ,r4 ,morse4 ,cambridge1 ,march #bi1 #aiaj4 ,,dearest ,,fanny1--,your beautiful roses and your card arrived duly--the roses were not deserved1 not at least by ,w4 ,j4 ,i have about given up all visits to ,boston this winter1 and the racket has been so incessant in the house1 owing to foreigners of late1 that we haven't had the strength to send for you4 ,i sail on the #bith in the ,megantic1 first to see ,henry1 who has been ill1 not dangerously1 but very miserably4 ,our ,harry is with him now4 ,i shall then go to ,paris for a certain medical experiment1 and after that report at ,nauheim1 where they probably will keep me for some weeks4 ,i hope that ,i may get home again next fall with my organism in better shape1 and be able to see more of my friends4 ,after ,thursday1 when the good ,boutrouxs go1 ,i shall try to arrange a meeting with you1 dear ,fanny4 ,at present we are contemporaries1 that is all1 and the one of us who becomes survivor will have regrets that we were no more6 ,what a lugubrious ending6 ,with love to your mother1 and love from ,alice1 believe me1 dearest ,fanny1 most affectionately yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,t1 ,s4 ,perry4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,may #bb1 #aiaj4 ,,beloved ,,thos41--,i have two letters from you--one about 444 ,harris on ,shakespeare4 ,re ,harris1 ,i did think you were a bit supercilious a priori1 but ,i thought of your youth and excused you4 ,harris himself is horrid1 young and crude4 ,much of his talk seems to me absurd1 but nevertheless that's the way to write about ,shakespeare1 and ,i am sure that1 if ,shakespeare were a ,piper-control1 he would say that he relished ,harris far more than the pack of reverent commentators who treat him as a classic moralist4 ,he seems to me to have been a professional amuser1 in the first instance1 with a productivity like that of a ,dumas1 or a ,scribe2 but possessing what no other amuser has possessed1 a lyric splendor added to his rhetorical fluency1 which has made people take him for a more essentially serious human being than he was4 ,neurotically and erotically1 he was hypersthetic1 with a playful graciousness of character never surpassed4 ,he could be profoundly melancholy2 but even then was controlled by the audience's needs4 ,a cork in the rapids1 with no ballast of his own1 without religious or ethical ideals1 accepting uncritically every theatrical and social convention1 he was simply an olian harp passively resounding to the stage's call4 ,was there ever an author of such emotional importance whose reaction against false conventions of life was such an absolute zero as his8 ,i know nothing of the other ,elizabethans1 but could they have been as soulless in this respect8--,but halte-la6 or ,i shall become a ,harris myself6444 ,with love to you all1 believe me ever thine1 ,w4 ,j4 ,read ,daniel ,halvy's exquisitely discreet ,vie de ,nietzsche1 if you haven't already done so4 ,do you know ,g4 ,courtelines' ,les ,marionettes de la ,vie 7,flammarion78 ,it beats ,labiche4 ,to ,franois ,pillon4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,may #be1 #aiaj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,pillon1--,i have been here a week1 taking the baths for my unfortunate cardiac complications1 and shall probably stay six weeks longer4 ,i passed through ,paris1 where ,i spent a week1 partly with my friend the philosopher ,strong1 partly at the ,fondation ,thiers with the ,boutrouxs1 who had been our guests in ,america when he lectured a few months ago at ,harvard4 ,every day ,i said3 ,i will get to the ,pillons this afternoon2 but every day ,i found it impossible to attempt your four flights of stairs1 and finally had to run away from the ,boutrouxs' to save my life from the fatigue and pectoral pain which resulted from my seeing so many people4 ,i have a dilatation of the aorta1 which causes anginoid pain of a bad kind whenever ,i make any exertion1 muscular1 intellectual1 or social1 and ,i should not have thought at all of going through ,paris were it not that ,i wished to consult a certain ,dr4 ,moutier there1 who is strong on arteries1 but who told me that he could do nothing for my case4 ,i hope that these baths may arrest the disagreeable tendency to pejoration from which ,i have suffered in the past year4 ,this is why ,i didn't come to see the dear ,pillons2 a loss for which ,i felt1 and shall always feel1 deep regret4 ,the sight of the new ,anne ,philosophique at ,boutroux's showed me how valiant and solid you still are for literary work4 ,i read a number of the book reviews1 but none of the articles1 which seemed uncommonly varied and interesting4 ,your short notice of ,schinz's really bouffon book showed me to my regret that even you have not yet caught the true inwardness of my notion of ,truth4 ,you speak as if ,i allowed no valeur de connaissance proprement dite1 which is a quite false accusation4 ,when an idea works successfully among all the other ideas which relate to the object of which it is our mental substitute1 associating and comparing itself with them harmoniously1 the workings are wholly inside of the intellectual world1 and the idea's value purely intellectual1 for the time1 at least4 ,this is my doctrine and ,schiller's1 but it seems very hard to express it so as to get it understood6 ,i hope that1 in spite of the devouring years1 dear ,madame ,pillon's state of health may be less deplorable than it has been so long4 ,in particular ,i wish that the neuritis may have ceased4 ,i wish6 ,i wish6 but what's the use of wishing1 against the universal law that youth's a stuff will not endure1 and that we must simply make the best of it8 ,boutroux gave some beautiful lectures at ,harvard1 and is the gentlest and most lovable of characters4 ,believe me1 dear ,pillon1 and dear ,madame ,pillon1 your ever affectionate old friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,may #bi1 #aiaj4 444,paris was splendid1 but fatiguing4 ,among other things ,i was introduced to the ,acadmie des ,sciences ,morales1 of which you may likely have heard that ,i am now an associ tranger76674 ,boutroux says that ,renan1 when he took his seat after being received at the ,acadmie ,franaise1 said3 ,qu'on est bien dans ce fauteuil 7it is nothing but a cushioned bench with no back674 ,peut-tre n'y a-t-il que cela de vrai6 ,delicious ,renanesque remark6444 ,w4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the arrangement by which ,mrs4 ,james and ,henry ,james were to have arrived at ,nauheim had been upset4 ,the two1 who were to come from ,england together1 were delayed by ,henry's condition2 and for a while ,james was at ,nauheim alone4 ,to his ,daughter4 ,bad-,nauheim1 ,may #bi1 #aiaj4 ,,beloved ,p,,guy1--,the very fust thing ,i want you to do is to look in the drawer marked ,blood in my tall filing case in the library closet1 and find the date of a number of the ,journal of ,speculative ,philosophy there that contains an article called ,philosophic ,reveries4 ,send this date 7not the article7 to the ,revd4 ,prof4 ,l4 ,p4 ,jacks1 #bh ,holywell1 ,oxford1 if you find it1 immediately4 ,he will understand what to do with it4 ,if you don't find the article1 do nothing6 ,jacks is notified4 ,i have just corrected the proofs of an article on ,blood for the ,hibbert ,journal1 which1 ,i think1 will make people sit up and rub their eyes at the apparition of a new great writer of ,english4 ,i want ,blood himself to get it as a surprise4 ,i got as a surprise your finely typed copy of the rest of my ,,ms41 the other day4 ,i thank you for it2 also for your delightful letters4 ,the type-writing seems to set free both your and ,aleck's genius more than the pen4 7,if you need a new ribbon it must be got from the agency in ,milk ,st4 just above ,devonshire--but you'll find it hard work to get it into its place47 ,you seem to be leading a very handsome and domestic life1 avoiding social excitements1 and hearing of them only from the brethren4 ,it is good sometimes to face the naked ribs of reality as it reveals itself in homes4 ,i face them here with no one but the blackbirds and the trees for my companions1 save some rather odd ,americans at the ,mittagstisch and ,abendessen1 and the good smiling ,dienstmdchen who brings me my breakfast in the morning4444 ,i went to my bath at #f o'clock this morning1 and had the ,park all to the blackbirds and myself4 ,this was because ,i am expecting a certain ,prof4 ,goldstein from ,darmstadt to come to see me this morning1 and ,i had to get the bath out of the way4 ,he is a powerful young writer1 and is translating my ,pluralistic ,universe4 ,but the weather has grown so threatening that ,i hope now that he won't come till next ,sunday4 ,it is a shame to converse here and not be in the open air4 ,i would to ,heaven thou wert mit--,i think thou wouldst enjoy it very much for a week or more4 ,the ,german civilization is good6 ,only this place would give a very false impression of our wicked earth to a ,mars-,bewohner who should descend and leave and see nothing else4 ,not a dark spot 7save what the patients' hearts individually conceal71 no poverty1 no vice1 nothing but prettiness and simplicity of life4 ,i snip out a concert-program 7the afternoon one unusually good7 which ,i find lying on my table4 ,the like is given free in the open air every day4 ,the baths weaken one so that ,i have little brain for reading1 and must write letters to all kinds of people every day4 ,a big quarrel is on in ,paris between my would-be translators and publishers4 ,i wish translators would let my books alone--they are written for my own people exclusively6 ,you will have received ,hewlett's delightful ,halfway ,house1 sent to our steamer by ,pauline ,goldmark1 ,i think4 ,i have been reading a charmingly discreet life of ,nietzsche by ,d4 ,halvy1 and have invested in a couple more of his 7,n4's7 books1 but haven't yet begun to read them4 ,i am half through ,waffen-nieder6 a first-rate anti-war novel by ,baroness von ,suttner4 ,it has been translated1 and ,i recommend it as in many ways instructive4 ,how are ,rebecca and ,maggie the cook and house-maid8 ,you don't say how you enjoy ordering the bill of fare every day4 ,you can't vary it properly unless you make a list and keep it4 ,a good sweet dish is rothe ,grtze1 a form of fine sago consolidated by currant-jelly juice1 and sauced with custard1 or1 ,i suppose1 cream4 ,well6 no more today6 ,give no end of love to the good boys1 and to your ,grandam1 and believe me1 ever thy affectionate1 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,p4 ,bowditch4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,june #d1 #aiaj4 ,,dearest ,,heinrich1--,the envelope in which this letter goes was addrest in ,cambridge1 ,mass41 and expected to go towards you with a letter in it1 long before now4 ,but better late than never1 so here goes6 ,i came over1 as you may remember1 for the double purpose of seeing my brother ,henry1 who had been having a sort of nervous breakdown1 and of getting my heart1 if possible1 tuned up by foreign experts4 ,i stayed upwards of a month with ,henry1 and then came hither ber ,paris1 where ,i stayed ten days4 ,i have been here two and a half weeks1 taking the baths1 and enjoying the feeling of the strong1 calm1 successful1 new ,german civilization all about me4 ,germany is great1 and no mistake6 ,but what a contrast1 in the well-set-up1 well-groomed1 smart-looking ,german man of today1 and his rather clumsily drest1 dingy1 and unworldly-looking father of forty years ago6 ,but something of the old ,gemthlichkeit remains1 the friendly manners1 and the disposition to talk with you and take you seriously and to respect the serious side of whatever comes along4 ,but ,i can write you more interestingly of physiology than ,i can of sociology4444 ,the baths may or may not arrest for a while the downward tendency which has been so marked in the past year--but at any rate it is a comfort to know that my sufferings have a respectable organic basis1 and are not1 as so many of my friends tell me1 due to pure nervousness4 ,dear ,henry1 you see that you are not the only pebble on the beach1 or toad in the puddle1 of senile degeneration6 ,i admit that the form of your tragedy beats that of that of most of us2 but youth's a stuff that won't endure1 in any one1 and to have had it1 as you and ,i have had it1 is a good deal gained anyhow1 while to see the daylight still under any conditions is perhaps also better than nothing1 and meanwhile the good months are sure to bring the final relief after which1 when you and ,i behind the veil are passed1 ,oh1 but the long1 long time the world shall last6 etc41 etc4 ,rather gloomy moralizing1 this1 to end an affectionate family letter with2 but the circumstances seem to justify it1 and ,i know that you won't take it amiss4 ,alice is staying with ,henry1 but they will both be here in a fortnight or less4 ,i find it pretty lonely all by myself1 and the ,german language doesn't run as trippingly off the tongue as it did forty years ago4 ,passage back is taken for ,august #abth4444 ,well1 ,i must stop6 ,pray give my love to ,selma1 the faithful one4 ,also to ,fanny1 ,harold1 and ,friedel4 ,with ,harold's engagement you are more and more of a patriarch4 ,heaven keep you1 dear ,henry4 ,believe me1 ever your affectionately sympathetic old friend1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,franois ,pillon4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,june #h1 #aiaj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,pillon1--,i have your good letter of the #dth--which ,i finally had to take a magnifying-glass to read 767--and remained full of admiration for the nervous centres which1 after #hj years of work1 could still guide the fingers to execute1 without slipping or trembling1 that masterpiece of microscopic calligraphy6 ,truly your nervous centres are well preserved--the optical ones also1 in spite of the cataracts and loss of accommodation6 ,how proud ,i should be if now1 at the comparatively youthful age of #fh1 ,i could flatter myself with the hope of doing what you have done1 and living down victoriously twelve more devouring enemies of years6 ,with a fresh volume produced1 to mark each year by6 ,i give you leave1 as a garland and reward1 to misinterpret my doctrine of truth ad libitum and to your heart's content1 in all your future writings4 ,i will never think the worse of you for it4 ,what you say of dear ,madame ,pillon awakens in me very different feelings4 ,she has led1 indeed1 a life of suffering for many years1 and it seems to me a real tragedy that she should now be confined to the house so absolutely4 ,if only you might inhabit the country1 where1 on fine days1 with no stairs to mount or descend1 she could sit with flowers and trees around her6 ,the city is not good when one is confined to one's apartment4 ,pray give ,madame ,pillon my sincerest love--,i never think of her without affection--,i am almost ashamed to accept year after year your ,anne ,philosophique1 and to give you so little in return for it4 ,i am expecting my wife and brother to arrive here from ,england this afternoon1 and we shall probably all return together through ,paris1 by the middle of ,july4 ,i will then come and see you1 with the wife1 so please keep the ,anne till then1 and put it into my hands4 ,i can read nothing serious here--the baths destroy one's strength so4 ,whether they will do any good to my circulatory organs remains to be seen--there is no good effect perceptible so far4 ,believe me1 dear old friend1 with every message of affection to you both1 yours ever faithfully1 ,wm4 ,james4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the letters which follow concern ,henry ,adams's ,letter to ,american ,teachers1 originally printed for private circulation1 but recently published1 with a preface by ,mr4 ,brooks ,adams1 under the title3 ,the ,degradation of ,democratic ,dogma4 ,to ,henry ,adams4 ,,bad-,,nauheim1 ,june #ag1 #aiaj4 ,,dear ,,henry ,,adams1--,i have been so slim since seeing you1 and the baths here have so weakened my brain1 that ,i have been unable to do any reading except trash1 and have only just got round to finishing your letter1 which ,i had but half-read when ,i was with you at ,paris4 ,to tell the truth1 it doesn't impress me at all1 save by its wit and erudition2 and ,i ask you whether an old man soon about to meet his ,maker can hope to save himself from the consequences of his life by pointing to the wit and learning he has shown in treating a tragic subject4 ,no1 sir1 you can't do it1 can't impress ,god in that way4 ,so far as our scientific conceptions go1 it may be admitted that your ,creator 7and mine7 started the universe with a certain amount of energy latent in it1 and decreed that everything that should happen thereafter should be a result of parts of that energy falling to lower levels2 raising other parts higher1 to be sure1 in so doing1 but never in equivalent amount1 owing to the constant radiation of unrecoverable warmth incidental to the process4 ,it is customary for gentlemen to pretend to believe one another1 and until some one hits upon a newer revolutionary concept 7which may be tomorrow7 all physicists must play the game by holding religiously to the above doctrine4 ,it involves of course the ultimate cessation of all perceptible happening1 and the end of human history4 ,with this general conception as surrounding everything you say in your letter1 no one can find any fault--in the present stage of scientific conventions and fashions4 ,but ,i protest against your interpretation of some of the specifications of the great statistical drift downwards of the original high-level energy4 ,if1 instead of criticizing what you seem to me to say1 ,i express my own interpretation dogmatically1 and leave you to make the comparison1 it will doubtless conduce to brevity and economize recrimination4 ,to begin with1 the amount of cosmic energy it costs to buy a certain distribution of fact which humanly we regard as precious1 seems to me to be an altogether secondary matter as regards the question of history and progress4 ,certain arrangements of matter on the same energy-level are1 from the point of view of man's appreciation1 superior1 while others are inferior4 ,physically a dinosaur's brain may show as much intensity of energy-exchange as a man's1 but it can do infinitely fewer things1 because as a force of detent it can only unlock the dinosaur's muscles1 while the man's brain1 by unlocking far feebler muscles1 indirectly can by their means issue proclamations1 write books1 describe ,chartres ,cathedral1 etc41 and guide the energies of the shrinking sun into channels which never would have been entered otherwise--in short1 make history4 ,therefore the man's brain and muscles are1 from the point of view of the historian1 the more important place of energy-exchange1 small as this may be when measured in absolute physical units4 ,the second law is wholly irrelevant to history--save that it sets a terminus--for history is the course of things before that terminus1 and all that the second law says is that1 whatever the history1 it must invest itself between that initial maximum and that terminal minimum of difference in energy-level4 ,as the great irrigation-reservoir empties itself1 the whole question for us is that of the distribution of its effects1 of which rills to guide it into2 and the size of the rills has nothing to do with their significance4 ,human cerebration is the most important rill we know of1 and both the capacity and the intensity factor thereof may be treated as infinitesimal4 ,yet the filling of such rills would be cheaply bought by the waste of whole sums spent in getting a little of the down-flowing torrent to enter them4 ,just so of human institutions--their value has in strict theory nothing whatever to do with their energy-budget--being wholly a question of the form the energy flows through4 ,though the ultimate state of the universe may be its vital and psychical extinction1 there is nothing in physics to interfere with the hypothesis that the penultimate state might be the millennium--in other words a state in which a minimum of difference of energy-level might have its exchanges so skillfully canaliss that a maximum of happy and virtuous consciousness would be the only result4 ,in short1 the last expiring pulsation of the universe's life might be1 ,i am so happy and perfect that ,i can stand it no longer4 ,you don't believe this and ,i don't say ,i do4 ,but ,i can find nothing in ,energetik to conflict with its possibility4 ,you seem to me not to discriminate1 but to treat quantity and distribution of energy as if they formed one question4 ,there6 that's pretty good for a brain after #ah ,nauheim baths--so ,i won't write another line1 nor ask you to reply to me4 ,in case you can't help doing so1 however1 ,i will gratify you now by saying that ,i probably won't jaw back4--,it was pleasant at ,paris to hear your identically unchanged and undegraded voice after so many years of loss of solar energy4 ,yours ever truly1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,illustration3 ,facsimile of ,post-card addressed to ,henry ,adams4 ,post-card ,,nauheim1 ,june #ai1 #aiaj4 ,p4 ,s4 ,another illustration of my meaning3 ,the clock of the universe is running down1 and by so doing makes the hands move4 ,the energy absorbed by the hands and the mechanical work they do is the same day after day1 no matter how far the weights have descended from the position they were originally wound up to4 ,the history which the hands perpetrate has nothing to do with the quantity of this work1 but follows the significance of the figures which they cover on the dial4 ,if they move from ,o to ,,xii1 there is progress1 if from ,,xii to ,o1 there is decay1 etc4 etc4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,henry ,adams4 ,post-card ,,constance1 ,june #bf1 #aiaj4 ,yours of the #bjth1 just arriving1 pleases me by its docility of spirit and passive subjection to philosophic opinion4 ,never1 never pretend to an opinion of your own6 that way lies every annoyance and madness6 ,you tempt me to offer you another illustration--that of the hydraulic ram 7thrown back to me in an exam1 as a hydraulic goat by an insufficiently intelligent student74 ,let this arrangement of metal1 placed in the course of a brook1 symbolize the machine of human life4 ,it works1 clap1 clap1 clap1 day and night1 so long as the brook runs at all1 and no matter how full the brook 7which symbolizes the descending cosmic energy7 may be1 it works always to the same effect1 of raising so many kilogrammeters of water4 ,what the value of this work as history may be1 depends on the uses to which the water is put in the house which the ram serves4 ,w4 ,j4 ,to ,benjamin ,paul ,blood4 ,,constance1 ,june #be1 #aiaj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,blood1--,about the time you will receive this1 you will also be surprised by receiving the ,hibbert ,journal for ,july1 with an article signed by me1 but written mainly by yourself4#hh ,tired of waiting for your final synthetic pronunciamento1 and fearing ,i might be cut off ere it came1 ,i took time by the forelock1 and at the risk of making ducks and drakes of your thoughts1 ,i resolved to save at any rate some of your rhetoric1 and the result is what you see4 ,forgive6 forgive6 forgive6 ,it will at any rate have made you famous1 for the circulation of the ,h4 ,j4 is choice1 as well as large 7#ab1jjj or more1 ,i'm told71 and the print and paper the best ever yet1 ,i seem to have lost the editor's letter1 or ,i would send it to you4 ,he wrote1 in accepting the article in ,may1 ,i have already #dj articles accepted1 and some of the writers threaten lawsuits for non-publication1 yet such was the exquisite refreshment ,blood's writing gave me1 under the cataract of sawdust in which editorially ,i live1 that ,i have this day sent the article to the printer4 ,actions speak louder than words6 ,blood is simply great1 and you are to be thanked for having dug him out4 ,l4 ,p4 ,,jacks4 ,of course ,i've used you for my own purposes1 and probably misused you2 but ,i'm sure you will feel more pleasure than pain1 and perhaps write again in the ,hibbert to set yourself right4 ,you're sure of being printed1 whatever you may send4 ,how ,i wish that ,i too could write poetry1 for pluralism is in its ,sturm und ,drang period1 and verse is the only way to express certain things1 ,i've just been taking the cure at ,nauheim for my unlucky heart--no results so far6 ,sail for home again on ,august #abth4 ,address always ,cambridge1 ,mass42 things are forwarded4 ,warm regards1 fellow pluralist4 ,yours ever1 ,wm4 ,james4 ,to ,theodore ,flournoy4 ,,geneva1 ,july #i1 #aiaj4 ,,dearest ,,flournoy1--,your two letters1 of yesterday1 and of ,july #dth sent to ,nauheim1 came this morning4 ,i am sorry that the ,nauheim one was not written earlier1 since you had the trouble of writing it at all4 ,i thank you for all the considerateness you show--you understand entirely my situation4 ,my dyspnoea gets worse at an accelerated rate1 and all ,i care for now is to get home--doing nothing on the way4 ,it is partly a spasmodic phenomenon ,i am sure1 for the aeration of my tissues1 judging by the color of my lips1 seems to be sufficient4 ,i will leave ,geneva now without seeing you again--better not come1 unless just to shake hands with my wife6 ,through all these years ,i have wished ,i might live nearer to you and see more of you and exchange more ideas1 for we seem two men particularly well faits pour nous comprendre4 ,particularly1 now1 as my own intellectual house-keeping has seemed on the point of working out some good results1 would it have been good to work out the less unworthy parts of it in your company4 ,but that is impossible6--,i doubt if ,i ever do any more writing of a serious sort2 and as ,i am able to look upon my life rather lightly1 ,i can truly say that ,i don't care--don't care in the least pathetically or tragically1 at any rate4--,i hope that ,ragacz will be a success1 or at any rate a wholesome way of passing the month1 and that little by little you will reach your new equilibrium4 ,those dear daughters1 at any rate1 are something to live for--to show them ,italy should be rejuvenating4 ,i can write no more1 my very dear old friend1 but only ask you to think of me as ever lovingly yours1 ,w4 ,j4 ,after leaving ,geneva ,james rested at ,lamb ,house for a few days before going to ,liverpool to embark4 ,walking1 talking and writing had all become impossible or painful4 ,the short northern route to ,quebec was chosen for the home voyage4 ,when he and ,mrs4 ,james and his brother ,henry landed there1 they went straight to ,chocorua4 ,the afternoon light was fading from the familiar hills on ,august #aith1 when the motor brought them to the little house1 and ,james sank into a chair beside the fire1 and sobbed1 ,it's so good to get home6 ,a change for the worse occurred within forty-eight hours and the true situation became apparent4 ,the effort by which he had kept up a certain interest in what was going on about him during the last weeks of his journey1 and a certain semblance of strength1 had spent itself4 ,he had been clinging to life only in order to get home4 ,death occurred without pain in the early afternoon of ,august #bfth4 ,his body was taken to ,cambridge1 where there was a funeral service in the ,college ,chapel4 ,after cremation1 his ashes were placed beside the graves of his parents in the ,cambridge ,cemetery4 ,,the ,,end ,,appendixes ,,appendix ,i ,,three ,,criticisms ,,for ,,students ,in his smaller classes1 made up of advanced students1 ,james found it possible to comment in detail on the work of individuals4 ,three letters have come into the hands of the editor1 from which extracts may be taken to illustrate such comments4 ,they were written for persons with whom he could communicate only by letter1 and are extended enough to suggest the viva voce comments which many a student recalls1 but of which there is no record4 ,the first is from a letter to a former pupil and refers to work of ,bertrand ,russell and others which the pupil was studying at the time4 ,the second and third comment on manuscripts that had been prepared as theses and had been submitted to ,james for unofficial criticism4 ,they exhibit him1 characteristically1 as encouraging the student to formulate something more positive4 ,jan4 #bf1 #aijh4 ,those propositions or supposals which ,russell1 ,moore and ,meinong make the exclusive vehicles of truth are mongrel curs that have no real place between realities on the one hand and beliefs on the other4 ,the negative1 disjunctive and hypothetic truths which they so conveniently express can all1 perfectly well 7so far as ,i see71 be translated into relations between beliefs and positive realities4 ,propositions are expressly devised for quibbling between realities and beliefs4 ,they seem to have the objectivity of the one and the subjectivity of the other1 and he who uses them can straddle as he likes1 owing to the ambiguity of the word that1 which is essential to them4 ,that ,csar existed is true1 sometimes means the fact that be existed is real1 sometimes the belief that he existed is true4 ,you can get no honest discussion out of such terms4444 ,aug4 #ae1 #aijh4 ,dear ,k----1 444,i have read your thesis once through4 ,i only finished it yesterday4 ,it is a big effort1 hard to grasp at a single reading1 and ,i'm too lazy to go over it a second time in its present physically inconvenient shape4 ,it is obvious that parts of it have been written rapidly and not boiled down2 and my impression is that you have left over in it too much of the complication of form in which our ideas1 our critical ideas especially1 first come to us1 and which has1 with much rewriting1 to be straightened out4 ,you were dealing with dialecticians and logic-choppers1 and you have met them on their own ground with a logic-chopping even more diseased than theirs4 ,so far as ,i can see1 you have met them1 though your own expressions are often far from lucid 7--result of haste872 but in some cases ,i doubt whether they themselves would think that they were met at all4 ,i fear a little that both ,bradley and ,royce will think that your reductiones ad absurdum are too fine spun and ingenious to have real force4 ,too complicated1 too complicated6 is the verdict of my horse-like mind on much of this thesis4 ,your defense will be1 of course1 that it is a thesis1 and as such1 expected to be barbaric4 ,but then ,i point to the careless1 hasty writing of much of it4 ,you must simplify yourself1 if you hope to have any influence in print4 ,the writing becomes more careful and the style clearer1 the moment you tackle ,russell in the #fth part4 ,and when you come to your own dogmatic statement of your vision of things in the last #cj pages or so1 ,i think the thesis splendid1 prophetic in tone and very felicitous1 often1 in expression4 ,this is indeed the philosophie de l'avenir1 and a dogmatic expression of it will be far more effective than critical demolition of its alternatives4 ,it will render that unnecessary if able enough4 ,one will simply feel them to be diseased4 ,my total impression is that the critter ,k---- has a really magnificent vision of the lay of the land in philosophy1--of the land of bondage1 as well as of that of promise1--but that he has a tremendous lot of work to do yet in the way of getting himself into straight and effective literary shape4 ,he has elements of extraordinary literary power1 but they are buried in much sand and shingle4444 ,may4 #bf1 #aijj4 ,dear ,miss ,s----1 ,i am a caitiff6 ,i have left your essay on my poor self unanswered4444 ,it is a great compliment to me to be taken so philologically and importantly2 and ,i must say that from the technical point of view you may be proud of your production4 ,i like greatly the objective and dispassionate key in which you keep everything1 and the number of subdivisions and articulations which you make gives me vertiginous admiration4 ,nevertheless1 the tragic fact remains that ,i don't feel wounded at all by all that output of ability1 and for reasons which ,i think ,i can set down briefly enough4 ,it all comes1 in my eyes1 from too much philological method--as a ,ph4,d4 thesis your essay is supreme1 but why don't you go farther8 ,you take utterances of mine written at different dates1 for different audiences belonging to different universes of discourse1 and string them together as the abstract elements of a total philosophy which you then show to be inwardly incoherent4 ,this is splendid philology1 but is it live criticism of anyone's ,weltanschauung8 ,your use of the method only strengthens the impression ,i have got from reading criticisms of my pragmatic account of truth1 that the whole ,ph4,d4 industry of building up an author's meaning out of separate texts leads nowhere1 unless you have first grasped his centre of vision1 by an act of imagination4 ,that1 it seems to me1 you lack in my case4 ,for instance3 ,seven examples are next dealt with in two and a half pages of type-writing4 ,these pages are omitted4 444,i have been unpardonably long2 and if you were a man1 ,i should assuredly not expect to influence you a jot by what ,i write4 ,being a woman1 there may be yet a gleam of hope6--which may serve as the excuse for my prolixity4 7,it is not for the likes of you1 however1 to hurl accusations of prolixity67 ,now if ,i may presume to give a word of advice to one so much more accomplished than myself in dialectic technique1 may ,i urge1 since you have shown what a superb mistress you are in that difficult art of discriminating abstractions and opposing them to each other one by one1 since in short there is no university extant that wouldn't give you its summa cum laude1--,i should certainly so reward your thesis at ,harvard1--may ,i urge1 ,i say1 that you should now turn your back upon that academic sort of artificiality altogether1 and devote your great talents to the study of reality in its concreteness8 ,in other words1 do some positive work at the problem of what truth signifies1 substitute a definitive alternative for the humanism which ,i present1 as the latter's substitute4 ,not by proving their inward incoherence does one refute philosophies--every human being is incoherent--but only by superseding them by other philosophies more satisfactory4 ,your wonderful technical skill ought to serve you in good stead if you would exchange the philological kind of criticism for constructive work4 ,i fear however that you won't--the iron may have bitten too deeply into your soul66 ,have you seen ,knox's paper on pragmatism in the ,quarterly ,review for ,april--perhaps the deepest-cutting thing yet written on the pragmatist side8 ,on the other side read ,bertrand ,russell's paper in the ,edinburgh ,review just out4 ,a thing after your own heart1 but ruined in my eyes by the same kind of vicious abstractionism which your thesis shows4 ,it is amusing to see the critics of the will to believe furnish such exquisite instances of it in their own persons4 ,e4g41 ,russell's own splendid atheistic-titanic confession of faith in that volume of essays on ,ideals of ,science and of ,faith edited by one ,hand4 ,x----1 whom you quote1 has recently worked himself up to the pass of being ordained in the ,episcopal church4444 ,i justify them both2 for only by such experiments on the part of individuals will social man gain the evidence required4 ,they meanwhile seem to think that the only true position to hold is that everything not imposed upon a will-less and non-coperant intellect must count as false--a preposterous principle which no human being follows in real life4 ,well6 ,there6 that is all6 ,but1 dear ,madam1 ,i should like to know where you come from1 who you are1 what your present situation is1 etc41 etc4--,it is natural to have some personal curiosity about a lady who has taken such an extraordinary amount of pains for me6 ,believe me1 dear ,miss ,s----1 with renewed apologies for the extreme tardiness of this acknowledgment1 yours with mingled admiration and abhorrence1 ,,wm4 ,,james4 ,,appendix ,,ii ,,books ,,by ,,william ,,james ,the following chronological list includes books only1 but it gives the essays and chapters contained in each4 ,professor ,r4 ,b4 ,perry's ,bibliography 7see below7 lists a great number of contributions to periodicals1 which have never been reprinted1 and includes notes indicative of the matter of each4 7,no attempt has been made to compile a list of references to literature about ,william ,james1 but the following may be mentioned as easily obtainable3 ,william ,james1 by ,,mile ,,boutroux4 ,paris1 #aiaa4 ,translation3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 ,new ,york and ,london1 #aiab4 ,la ,philosophie de ,william ,james1 by ,,theodore ,,flournoy4 ,st4 ,blaise1 #aiaa4 ,translation3 ,the ,philosophy of ,william ,james4 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiag47 ,literary ,remains of ,henry ,james1 ,sr41 with an ,introduction by ,,william ,,james4 ,boston3 ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 #ahhd4 ,the ,principles of ,psychology4 ,new ,york3 ,henry ,holt ,co42 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 #ahij4 ,volume ,i4 ,scope of ,psychology--,functions of the ,brain--,conditions of ,brain ,activity--,habit--,the ,automaton ,theory--,the ,mind-,stuff ,theory--,methods and ,snares of ,psychology--,relations of ,minds to ,other ,things--,the ,stream of ,thought--,the ,consciousness of ,self--,attention--,conception--,discrim ination and ,comparison--,association--,the ,perception of ,time--,memory4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,sensation--,imagination--,perception of ,things--,the ,perception of ,space--,the ,perception of ,reality--,reasoning--,the ,production of ,movement--,instinct--,the ,emotions--,will--,hypnotism--,necessary ,truth and the ,effects of ,experience4 ,a ,text-,book of ,psychology4 ,briefer ,course4 ,new ,york3 ,henry ,holt ,co42 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 #ahib4 ,introductory--,sensation--,sight--,hear ing--,touch--,sensations of ,motion--,structure of the ,brain--,functions of the ,brain--,some ,general ,conditions of ,neural ,activity--,habit--,stream of ,consciousness--,the ,self--,attention--,conception--,discrim ination--,association--,sense of ,time--,memory--,imagination--,perceptio n--,the ,perception of ,space--,reasoning--,consciousness and ,movement--,emotion--,instinct--,will--, psychology and ,philosophy4 ,the ,will to ,believe1 and ,other ,essays in ,popular ,philosophy4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #ahig4 ,the ,will to ,believe--,is ,life ,worth ,living8--,the ,sentiment of ,rationality--,reflex ,action and ,theism--,the ,dilemma of ,determinism--,the ,moral ,philosopher and the ,moral ,life--,great ,men and their ,environment--,the ,importance of ,individuals--,on ,some ,hegelisms--,what ,psychical ,research has ,accomplished4 ,human ,immortality1 ,two ,supposed ,objections to the ,doctrine4 ,london3 ,constable ,co41 also ,dent ,sons2 ,boston3 ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 #ahih4 ,the ,same4 ,a ,new ,edition with ,preface in ,reply to ,his ,critics4 ,boston3 ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 #ahii4 ,talks to ,teachers on ,psychology1 and to ,students on ,some of ,life's ,ideals4 ,new ,york3 ,henry ,holt ,co42 ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #ahii4 ,psychology and the ,teaching ,art--,the ,stream of ,consciousness--,the ,child as a ,behaving ,organism--,education and ,behavior--,the ,necessity of ,reactions--,native and ,acquired ,reactions--,what the ,native ,reactions ,are--,the ,laws of ,habit--,association of ,ideas--,interest--,attention--,memory-- ,acquisition of ,ideas--,apperception--,the ,will4 ,talks to ,students3 ,the ,gospel of ,relaxation--,on a ,certain ,blindness in ,human ,beings--,what ,makes ,life ,significant8 ,the ,varieties of ,religious ,experience4 ,a ,study in ,human ,nature4 ,the ,gifford ,lectures on ,natural ,religion1 ,edinburgh1 #aija-aijb4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aijb4 ,religion and ,neurology--,circumscription of the ,topic--,the ,reality of the ,unseen--,the ,religion of ,healthy-,mindedness--,the ,sick ,soul--,the ,divided ,self1 and the ,process of its ,unification--,conversion--,saintliness- -,the ,value of ,saintliness--,mysticism--,philosophy--, other ,characteristics--,conclusions--,postscr ipt4 ,pragmatism4 ,a ,new ,name for ,some ,old ,ways of ,thinking4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aijg4 ,the ,present ,dilemma in ,philosophy--,what ,pragmatism ,means--,some ,metaphysical ,problems ,pragmatically ,considered--,the ,one and the ,many--,pragmatism and ,common ,sense--,pragmatism's ,conception of ,truth--,pragmatism and ,humanism--,pragmatism and ,religion4 ,a ,pluralistic ,universe4 ,hibbert ,lectures at ,manchester ,college4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aiji4 ,the ,types of ,philosophic ,thinking--,monistic ,idealism--,hegel and his ,method--,concerning ,fechner--,compounding of ,consciousness--,bergson and his ,critique of ,intellectualism--,the ,continuity of ,experience--,conclusions---- ,appendixes3 ,a4 ,the ,thing and its ,relations4 ,b4 ,the ,experience of ,activity4 ,c4 ,on the ,notion of ,reality as ,changing4 ,the ,meaning of ,truth4 ,a ,sequel to ,pragmatism4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aiji4 ,the ,function of ,cognition--,the ,tigers in ,india--,humanism and ,truth--,the ,relation between ,knower and ,known--,the ,essence of ,humanism--,a ,word ,more about ,truth--,professor ,pratt on ,truth--,the ,pragmatist ,account of ,truth and its ,misunderstanders--,the ,meaning of the ,word ,truth--,the ,existence of ,julius ,csar--,the ,absolute and the ,strenuous ,life--,hbert on ,pragmatism--,abstractionism and ,relativismus--,two ,english ,critics--,a ,dialogue4 ,some ,problems of ,philosophy4 ,a ,beginning of an ,introduction to ,philosophy4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aiaa4 ,philosophy and its ,critics--,the ,problems of ,metaphysics--,the ,problem of ,being--,percept and ,concept--,the ,one and the ,many--,the ,problem of ,novelty--,novelty and the ,infinite--,novelty and ,causation---- ,appendix3 ,faith and the ,right to ,believe4 ,memories and ,studies4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aiaa4 ,louis ,agassiz--,address at the ,emerson ,centenary in ,concord--,robert ,gould ,shaw--,francis ,boott--,thomas ,davidson--,herbert ,spencer's ,autobiography--,frederick ,myers's ,services to ,psychology--,final ,impressions of a ,psychical ,researcher--,on ,some ,mental ,effects of the ,earthquake--,the ,energies of ,men--,the ,moral ,equivalent of ,war--,remarks at the ,peace ,banquet--,the ,social ,value of the ,college-bred--,the ,ph4,d4 ,octopus--,the ,true ,harvard--,stanford's ,ideal ,destiny--,a ,pluralistic ,mystic 7,b4 ,p4 ,blood74 ,essays in ,radical ,empiricism4 ,edited by ,,ralph ,,barton ,,perry4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aiab4 ,introduction--,does ,consciousness ,exist8--,a ,world of ,pure ,experience--,the ,thing and its ,relations--,how ,two ,minds can ,know ,one ,thing--,the ,place of ,affectional ,facts in a ,world of ,pure ,experience--,the ,experience of ,activity--,the ,essence of ,humanism--,la ,notion de ,conscience--,is ,radical ,empiricism ,solipsistic8--,mr4 ,pitkin's ,refutation of ,radical ,empiricism--,humanism and ,truth ,once ,more--,absolutism and ,empiricism4 ,collected ,essays and ,reviews4 ,edited by ,ralph ,barton ,perry4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aibj4 ,review of ,e4 ,sargent's ,planchette 7#ahfi7--,review of ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes's ,problems of ,life and ,mind 7#ahge7--,review entitled ,german ,pessimism 7#ahge7--;,chauncey ,wright 7#ahge7--,review of ,bain and ,renouvier 7#ahgf7--,review of ,renan's ,dialogues 7#ahgf7--,review of ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes's ,physical ,basis of ,mind 7#ahgg7--,remarks on ,spencer's ,definition of ,mind as ,correspondence 7#ahgh7--,quelques ,considrations sur la ,mthode ,subjective 7#ahgh7--,the ,sentiment of ,rationality 7#ahgi7--,review 7unsigned7 of ,w4 ,k4 ,clifford's ,lectures and ,essays 7#ahgi7--,review of ,herbert ,spencer's ,data of ,ethics 7#ahgi7--,the ,feeling of ,effort 7#ahhj7--,the ,sense of ,dizziness in ,deaf ,mutes 7#ahhb7--,what is an ,emotion8 7#ahhd7--,review of ,royce's ,the ,religious ,aspect of ,philosophy 7#ahhe7--,the ,consciousness of ,lost ,limbs 7#ahhg7--,rponse de ,w4 ,james aux ,remarques de ,m4 ,renouvier sur sa thorie de la volont 7#ahhh7--,the ,psychological ,theory of ,extension 7#ahhi7--;,a ,plea for ,psychology as a ,natural ,science 7#ahib7--,the ,original ,datum of ,space ,consciousness 7#ahic7--,mr4 ,bradley on ,immediate ,resemblance 7#ahic7--;,immediate ,resemblance--,review of ,g4 ,t4 ,ladd's ,psychology 7#ahid7--,the ,physical ,basis of ,emotion 7#ahid7--,the ,knowing of ,things ,together 7#ahie7--,review of ,w4 ,hirsch's ,genie und ,entartung 7#ahie7--,philosophical ,conceptions and ,practical ,results 7#ahih7--,review of ,r4 ,hodgson's ,a ,further ,record of ,observations of ,certain ,phenomena of ,trance 7#ahih7--,review of ,sturt's ,personal ,idealism 7#aijc7--,the ,chicago ,school 7#aijd7--,review of ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller's ,humanism 7#aijd7--,laura ,bridgman 7#aijd7--;,g4 ,papini and the ,pragmatist ,movement in ,italy 7#aijf7--,the ,mad ,absolute 7#aijf7--;,controversy about ,truth with ,john ,e4 ,russell 7#aijg7--,report on ,mrs4 ,piper's ,hodgson ,control2 ,conclusion 7#aiji7--;,bradley or ,bergson8 7#aiaj7--;,a ,suggestion about ,mysticism 7#aiaj74 ,a ,list of the ,published ,writings of ,william ,james1 with notes1 and an index2 by ,,ralph ,,barton ,,perry4 ,new ,york and ,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aibj4 ,,index ,,throughout the index the initial ,j4 stands for ,william ,james4 ,in the list of references to his own writings1 arranged alphabetically at the end of the entries under his name1 the titles of separate papers are set in roman and quoted1 those of volumes in italics4 ,the words ,see ,contents under a name indicate that letters addressed to the person in question are to be sought in the ,table of ,contents1 where all letters are listed4 ,abauzit1 ,f41 #a1 #ade1 #b1 #ahe4 ,abbot1 ,f4 ,e41 ,scientific ,theism1 #a1 #bdg4 ,absolute1 ,philosophy of the1 #a1 #bch4 ,absolute ,unity1 #a1 #bca4 ,acadmie ,franaise1 #b1 #cch4 ,acadmie des ,sciences ,morales1 et ,politiques1 ,j4 a corresponding member of1 #b1 #ge2 ,j4 an associ tranger of1 #cbh1 #cai1 #cch4 ,adams1 ,brooks1 #b1 #cdc4 ,adams1 ,henry1 ,letter to ,american ,teachers1 #b1 #cdc ff42 mentioned1 #aj4 ,see ,contents4 ,adirondack range1 #a1 #aid1 #aie4 ,adirondacks4 ,see ,keene ,valley4 ,adler1 ,waldo1 #b1 #ge1 #gf1 #afc4 sthetics1 ,study of1 and ,art1 #b1 #hg4 ,agassiz1 ,alexander1 #a1 #ca4 ,agassiz1 ,louis1 ,j4 joins his ,brazilian expedition1 #a1 #ed ff41 ,j4 quoted on1 #ee2 quoted1 on ,j41 #ef2 on the ,brazilian expedition1 #ef1 #eg1 #ei1 #fa1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi2 described by ,j41 #fe1 #ff2 centenary of1 #b1 #bhg1 #bhh2 mentioned1 #a1 #cd1 #ce1 #cg1 #db1 #dg1 #dh1 #gb1 #b1 #b4 ,agassiz1 ,mrs4 ,louis1 her #hjth birthday1 #b1 #ahj and n41 #aha2 mentioned1 #a1 #fj1 #fe1 #fg4 ,see ,contents4 ,aguinaldo1 ,emilio1 #b1 #adh4 ,alcott1 ,a4 ,bronson1 #a1 #ah n4 ,allen1 ,john ,a41 #a1 #gd4 ,amalfi1 ,sorrento to1 #b1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,amazon1 the1 ,agassiz's expedition to4 ,see ,brazil4 ,america1 general aspect of the country1 #a1 #cdf1 #cdg and n4 ,and see ,united ,states4 ,american ,philosophical ,association1 #b1 #afc1 #afd1 #cjj4 ,americans1 in ,germany1 #a1 #hg4 ,angell1 ,james ,r41 #a1 #cde1 #b1 #ad4 ,anglican ,church1 #b1 #cje4 ,anglicanism and ,romanism1 #b1 #cje4 ,anglophobia in ,u4 ,s4 revealed by ,venezuela incident1 #b1 #bg1 #ca1 #cb4 ,annunzio1 ,gabriele d'1 #b1 #fc4 ,anti-pragmatisme1 #b1 #cai4 ,aristotle1 #a1 #bhc4 ,aristotelian ,society ,proceedings1 #b1 #bjg4 ,arnim1 ,gisela von4 ,see ,grimm1 ,mrs4 ,herman4 ,ashburner1 ,anne1 #a1 #agi1 #aha1 #cae4 ,ashburner1 ,grace1 #a1 #aha1 #cae4 ,see ,contents4 ,ashfield1 annual dinner at1 #b1 #aii4 ,athens1 #b1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ,and see ,parthenon1 the4 ,atkinson1 ,charles1 #a1 #ce4 ,ausable ,lakes1 #a1 #aid4 ,austria1 political conditions in 7#ahfg71 #a1 #ie4 ,avenarius1 #b1 #cja4 ,baginsky1 ,dr41 #a1 #bad4 ,bain1 ,alexander1 #a1 #adc1 #afd4 ,bakewell1 ,charles ,m41 #b1 #ad1 #ha1 #he1 #abj1 #bdh4 ,baldwin1 ,james ,m41 #b1 #bj4 ,baldwin1 ,william1 #a1 #ccg4 ,balfour1 ,a4 ,j41 ,foundations of ,belief1 #b1 #bj4 ,balzac1 ,honor de1 #a1 #ajf1 #b1 #bfe4 ,bancroft1 ,george1 #a1 #ajg1 #aji4 ,bancroft1 ,mrs4 ,george1 #a1 #ace4 ,bancroft1 ,john ,c41 #a1 #gj4 ,baring ,bros41 #a1 #gc4 ,barber1 ,catherine1 marries ,william ,james ,i1 #a1 #d2 her ancestry1 #d and n4 ,and see ,james1 ,mrs4 ,catherine 7,barber74 ,barber1 ,francis1 #a1 #e4 ,barber1 ,jannet1 #a1 #d n4 ,barber1 ,john1 ,j4's great-grandfather1 in the ,revolutionary army1 #a1 #d and n42 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 on1 #e4 ,barber1 ,mrs4 ,john1 #a1 #e4 ,barber1 ,patrick1 #a1 #d n4 ,barber family1 the1 #a1 #d1 #e4 ,bashkirtseff1 ,marie1 ,diary of1 #a1 #cjg1 #b1 #adh4 ,bastien-,lepage1 ,jules1 #a1 #baj and n4 ,bay4 ,see ,emmet1 ,ellen4 ,bayard1 ,thomas ,f41 #b1 #bg n4 ,beers1 ,clifford ,w41 ,a ,mind that ,found ,itself1 #b1 #bgc1 #bgd and n4 ,see ,contents4 ,beethoven1 ,ludwig von1 ,fidelio1 #a1 #aab4 ,belgium1 philosophers in1 #a1 #baf4 ,benn1 ,a4 ,w41 #a1 #ccc1 #ccd4 ,berenson1 ,bernhard1 #b1 #ach4 ,bergson1 ,henri1 ,matire et ,mmoire1 #b1 #agh1 #agi2 his system1 #agi2 ,j4's enthusiasm for1 #agi1 #ahj n42 ,l',evolution ,cratrice1 #bij ff42 ,le ,rire1 #cbi2 mentioned1 #agb1 #bbf1 #beg1 #cad1 #cae4 ,see ,contents4 ,berkeley1 ,sir ,w41 ,principles1 #b1 #agi4 ,berlin1 #a1 #ajj1 #aje1 #ajf1 #aab1 #abb4 ,berlin1 ,university of1 #a1 #aah1 #abj1 #aba4 ,bernard1 ,claude1 #a1 #gb1 #aef4 ,bhagavat-,gita1 the1 #b1 #bch4 ,bible1 the1 and orthodox theology1 #b1 #aif4 ,bielshowski1 ,a41 ,life of ,goethe1 #b1 #bfb4 ,bigelow1 ,henry ,j41 #a1 #gb4 ,bigelow1 ,w41 ,sturgis1 #b1 #aj4 ,birukoff1 ,life of ,tolstoy1 #b1 #bfb4 ,black1 ,w41 ,strange ,adventures of a ,phaeton1 #a1 #agc4 ,blood1 ,benjamin ,paul1 ,the ,flaw in ,supremacy1 #b1 #ci2 ,j4's article on1 in ,hibbert ,journal1 #ci n41 #cdg1 #cdh2 his ,ansthetic ,revolution reviewed by ,j41 #dj and n42 his strictures on ,j4's ,english1 #ei2 mentioned1 #bb1 #cch1 #cci4 ,see ,contents4 ,bcher1 ,ferdinand1 #a1 #ccg4 ,boer ,war1 the1 #b1 #aah1 #adj4 ,bonn-am-,rhein1 #a1 #bj4 ,boott1 ,elizabeth 7,mrs4 ,frank ,duveneck71 #a1 #aec1 #aee4 ,boott1 ,francis1 ,j4's commemorative address on1 #a1 #aec2 mentioned1 #aee1 #cda n41 #b1 #aia4 ,see ,contents4 ,bornemann1 ,fralein1 #a1 #aaf1 #ace4 ,bosanquet1 ,b41 quoted1 #b1 #abf4 ,boston ,journal1 #b1 #cbi4 ,boston ,transcript1 ,j4's letter to1 on ,medical ,license bill1 #b1 #fh-gj2 #gb and n41 #abd1 #abe4 ,boulogne1 ,collge de1 #a1 #bj4 ,bourget1 ,paul1 ,idylle ,tragique1 #b1 #cg2 and ,tolstoy1 #cg1 #ch2 mentioned1 #a1 #cdh4 ,bourget1 ,mme4 ,paul1 #a1 #cdh4 ,bourkhardt1 ,james1 #a1 #fd1 #gj4 ,bourne1 ,ansel1 #a1 #bid4 ,boutroux1 mile1 #b1 #cad1 #ccb1 #cce1 #ccg1 #cch4 ,bowditch1 ,henry ,i41 #a1 #abd4 ,bowditch1 ,henry ,p41 #a1 #ga1 #ajb1 #ach1 #aci1 #adi1 #afg1 #afi1 #aie4 ,see ,contents4 ,bowen1 ,francis1 #a1 #ec4 ,boyd1 ,harriet ,a4 7,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,hawes71 #b1 #bbc1 #bbd4 ,bradley1 ,francis ,h41 ,logic1 #a1 #beh2 mentioned1 #b1 #adb1 #bjh1 #baf1 #bga1 #bgb1 #bha1 #bhb4 ,brazil1 ,agassiz's expedition to1 #a1 #ed ff42 letters written by ,j41 #ef-gj2 recalled1 on ,mrs4 ,agassiz's #hjth birthday1 #b1 #aha4 ,brazilians1 the1 #a1 #ei1 #ff4 ,brighton 7,england7 ,aquarium1 #a1 #bhg4 ,british ,guiana1 #b1 #bf4 ,british intellectuality1 #a1 #bgj4 ,brown-,squard1 ,charles ,e41 #a1 #ga4 ,browning1 ,robert1 ,a ,grammarian's ,funeral1 #a1 #abi1 #acj2 mentioned1 #b1 #abc4 ,bruno1 ,giordano1 inscription on statue of1 #b1 #aci1 ,bryce1 ,james1 #a1 #cjc1 #cde1 #b1 #fe1 #bih1 #bii4 ,bryce1 ,mrs4 ,james1 #b1 #bih1 #bii4 ,bryn ,mawr ,college1 #b1 #abj1 #aba4 ,bull1 ,mrs4 ,ole1 #b1 #add4 ,bunch1 a dog1 #a1 #ahc4 ,burkhardt1 ,jacob1 ,renaissance in ,italy1 #a1 #agf4 ,busse1 ,leib und ,seele1 ,geist and ,krper1 #b1 #bcg and n4 ,butler1 ,joseph1 ,analogy1 #a1 #ahi4 ,butler1 ,samuel1 #a1 #bhc4 ,cabot1 ,j4 ,elliot1 #a1 #bjd4 ,caird1 ,edward1 #a1 #bje1 #cje4 ,california1 impressions of1 #b1 #hb4 ,california1 ,northern1 #b1 #hj4 ,california1 ,university of1 #b1 #e4 ,california ,champagne1 ,gift of1 #a1 #bia4 ,canadian ,pacific ,ry41 #b1 #hj4 ,carlyle1 ,jenny1 #b1 #aib4 ,carlyle1 ,thomas1 and ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 compared1 #a1 #bda2 mentioned1 #bbj4 ,carnegie1 ,andrew1 #b1 #ah4 ,carpenter1 ,william ,b41 #a1 #adc4 ,carqueiranne1 ,chteau de1 #b1 #aad4 ,carrington1 ,hereward1 #b1 #cbg4 ,cams1 ,karl ,g41 #a1 #if4 ,casey1 ,silas1 #a1 #aee4 ,castle ,malwood1 #b1 #afj4 ,catholic ,church1 ,j4's attitude toward1 #a1 #bif1 #big4 ,catholics1 concrete1 differentiated from their church1 #a1 #big4 ,cattell1 ,j4 ,m41 quoted1 #a1 #cjj2 mentioned1 #b1 #cb4 ,census of ,hallucinations in ,america1 conducted by ,j41 #a1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #b1 #ej4 ,chamberlain1 ,joseph1 #a1 #cjc4 ,chambers1 ,dr41 ,clinical ,lectures1 #a1 #aej4 ,chanzy1 ,antoine ,e4 ,a41 #a1 #afj4 ,chapman1 ,john ,j41 ,practical ,agitation1 #b1 #abd2 ,political ,nursery1 #abh2 mentioned1 #abe1 #cbi4 ,see ,contents4 ,chapman1 ,mrs4 ,john ,j41 #b1 #bef4 ,charmes1 ,francis1 #b1 #cbj4 ,chatrian1 ,l4 ,g4 ,c4 ,a4 ,see ,erckmann-,chatrian4 ,chautauqua1 ,j4's lectures at1 and impressions of1 #b1 #dj ff4 ,chesterton1 ,gilbert ,k41 ,heretics1 #b1 #bda1 #bfj2 mentioned1 #beg and n41 #ccj4 ,chicago1 anarchist riot in1 and ,english newspapers1 #a1 #beb4 ,chicago ,university1 ,school of ,thought1 #b1 #bja1 #bjb4 ,child1 ,francis ,j41 death of1 #b1 #eb2 mentioned1 #a1 #ea1 #afi1 #aie1 #bia1 #cae and n41 #cag4 ,see ,contents4 ,child1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,j41 #a1 #ea1 #aig1 #b1 #eb4 ,chocorua1 ,j4's summer home at1 #a1 #bfg1 #bfh2 life at1 #bga1 #bgb2 ,j4's life ends at1 #b1 #cej2 #a1 #bfa1 #cbc4 ,christian ,scientists1 and the ,medical ,license bill1 #b1 #fh1 #fi4 ,christian ,theology1 position with reference to1 #b1 #bac1 #bad4 ,clairvoyance4 ,see ,psychic phenomena4 ,claparde1 ,edward1 #b1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #cbc4 ,clark ,university1 #b1 #cbg4 ,clarke1 ,joseph ,thatcher1 #b1 #acj4 ,clemens1 ,samuel ,l4 ,see ,twain1 ,mark4 ,cleveland1 ,grover1 his ,venezuela ,message1 and its reaction on ,j41 #b1 #bf ff41 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #b1 #bhe4 ,clifford1 ,w4 ,k41 #b1 #bah4 ,club1 the1 #b1 #i1 #aj4 ,colby1 ,f4 ,m41 #b1 #bfd4 ,collier1 ,robert ,j4 ,f41 #b1 #bfd4 ,colorado ,springs1 summer school at1 #b1 #bd4 ,columbia ,faculty ,club1 ,j4's talks at1 #b1 #bfe and n4 ,columbia ,university1 #b1 #ccb4 ,columbus1 ,christopher1 and ,dr4 ,bowditch1 #a1 #abd4 ,common sense1 #b1 #aih4 ,concord1 ,mass41 ,emerson centenary at1 #b1 #aid4 ,concord ,summer ,school of ,philosophy1 #a1 #bcj1 #bee4 ,congress of the ,u4 ,s41 and the ,spanish ,war1 #b1 #gc1 #gd4 ,coniston1 ,ruskin ,museum at1 #b1 #cjf4 ,continent1 the1 and ,england1 contrasts between1 #b1 #aeb1 #cje4 ,conversion1 #b1 #eg4 ,correggio1 ,antonio de1 his ,shepherds' ,adoration1 #a1 #ij2 and ,rafael1 #ij4 ,corruption1 in ,europe and ,america1 #b1 #aja4 ,courtelines1 ,g41 ,les ,marionettes de la ,vie1 #b1 #ccf4 ,courtier1 ,m41 #b1 #cbg4 ,cousin1 ,victor1 #a1 #aag4 ,crafts1 ,james ,w41 #b1 #aj4 ,cranch1 ,christopher ,p41 #a1 #aca4 ,critique ,philosophique1 #a1 #ahh1 #bjg4 ,crothers1 ,samuel ,m41 #b1 #bfb4 ,cuba1 and the ,spanish ,war1 #b1 #gc1 #gd4 ,danriac1 ,lionel1 #b1 #de1 #bjc4 ,dante ,alighieri1 #a1 #cca4 ,darwin1 ,charles ,r41 #a1 #bbe4 ,darwin1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,e4 7,sara ,sedgwick71 #a1 #gf1 #agi1 #b1 #aeb4 ,darwin1 ,william ,e41 #b1 #aeb4 ,darwin1 ,william ,leonard1 #b1 #bgf4 ,daudet1 ,alphonse1 #b1 #afh4 ,davidson4 ,thomas1 ,j4's essay on1 #b1 #ajg n42 ,j4 lectures at his summer school1 #aig1 #aii2 mentioned1 #a1 #aib1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bdi1 #bee1 #b1 #aef4 ,see ,contents4 ,davis1 ,jefferson1 #a1 #ff1 #fg4 ,death1 reflections concerning1 #b1 #aed4 ,delboeuf1 ,j41 #a1 #baf1 #bag4 ,demoniacal possession1 #b1 #ef1 #eg4 ,derby1 ,richard1 #a1 #abb4 ,descartes1 ,ren ,c41 #a1 #ahh1 #b1 #ac4 ,determinism1 #a1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,dewey1 ,john1 ,beliefs and ,realities1 #b1 #bde1 #bdf2 mentioned1 #bjb1 #beg4 ,see ,contents4 ,dexter1 ,newton1 #a1 #fh1 #gc4 ,dibblee1 ,anita1 #b1 #hb1 #hd4 ,dibblee1 ,b4 ,h41 #b1 #hb4 ,dibblee1 ,mrs41 #b1 #hb1 #hd4 ,dickinson1 ,g4 ,lowes1 ,justice and ,liberty1 #b1 #cag1 #cah4 ,diderot1 ,denis1 ,o,euvres ,choisis1 #a1 #ajf1 #ajg2 mentioned1 #adb4 ,dilthey1 ,w41 #a1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,divonne1 #a1 #acg1 #ach4 ,dixwell1 ,epes ,s41 #a1 #abd4 ,dixwell1 ,fanny1 #a1 #gf and n4 ,and see ,holmes1 ,mrs4 ,fanny ,dixwell4 ,dooley1 ,mr4 ,see ,dunne1 ,finley ,p4 ,dorr1 ,george ,b41 #b1 #bee4 ,dorrs1 the1 #b1 #fc4 ,dresden1 #a1 #hf1 #ib1 #ic1 #ajd4 ,dresden ,gallery1 #a1 #ij4 ,dreyfus ,case1 the1 #b1 #hi1 #ig ff41 #ajb4 ,driesch1 ,hans1 ,gifford ,lectures1 #b1 #cbc4 ,driver1 ,dr41 #b1 #aah4 ,du ,bois1 ,w4 ,e4 ,b41 ,the ,souls of ,black ,folk1 #b1 #aif and n4 ,du ,bois-,raymond1 ,emil1 #a1 #aba4 ,dudevant1 ,mme4 ,aurore4 ,see ,sand1 ,george4 ,du ,maurier1 ,george1 ,peter ,ibbetson1 #a1 #cah4 ,dunne1 ,finley ,p41 #b1 #id1 #bfd4 ,durham1 #b1 #cjf1 #cjg4 ,duveneck1 ,frank1 #a1 #aec1 #ccg and n41 #cda4 ,duveneck1 ,mrs4 ,frank4 ,see ,boott1 ,elizabeth4 ,dwight1 ,thomas1 #a1 #ig1 #ih1 #abb1 #abd1 #afe1 #aff1 #agj4 ,edinburgh1 praise of1 #b1 #adf1 #adg1 #aej2 social amenities in1 #adg1 #adh4 ,education1 importance of1 #a1 #aai4 ,eliot1 ,charles ,w41 quoted1 on ,j4 in ,scientific ,school1 #a1 #ca1 #cb and n42 on ,j4 ,wyman1 #dg1 #dh2 on courses given by ,j41 #b1 #d n42 mentioned1 #a1 #ce1 #afe1 #aff1 #bjb1 #bfb1 #b1 #c1 #ae1 #hf1 #acg1 #bff4 ,eliot1 ,george1 ,daniel ,deronda1 #a1 #ahe4 ,elliot1 ,gertrude1 #b1 #bfc4 ,elliot1 ,john ,w41 #b1 #abi4 ,elliot1 ,mrs4 ,john ,w4 7,mary ,morse71 #a1 #aig1 #aii1 #b1 #abi4 ,ellis1 ,rufus1 #a1 #aib4 ,emerson1 ,edward ,w41 on ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 #a1 #ag1 #ah and n42 mentioned1 #cc4 ,emerson1 ,mary ,moody1 and ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 #a1 #ah n4 ,emerson1 ,ralph ,waldo1 letters of ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 to1 quoted1 #a1 #aa2 centenary of1 #b1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aic1 #aid 7,j4's address at72 the divine1 #aij1 #aia2 his devotion to truth1 #aij2 ,representative ,men1 #aib1 #aic2 and ,santayana1 #bcd1 #bce2 mentioned1 #a1 #i1 #ah n41 #abe1 #b1 #bc1 #aif1 #aig4 ,emmet1 ,ellen1 #a1 #caf1 #b1 #fa1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd4 ,see ,contents4 ,emmet1 ,mrs4 ,temple 7,ellen ,temple71 #b1 #fd4 ,emmet1 ,rosina ,h41 #b1 #ch1 #fa1 #fb1 #fd4 ,see ,contents4 ,emmet1 ,temple1 #b1 #fa4 ,empiricism1 #a1 #aeb4 ,and see ,radical ,empiricism4 ,england1 in #ahga1 #a1 #afa2 gardens in1 #bhh2 impressions of1 in #aija1 #b1 #aeb2 contrasted with ,continental countries1 #aeb1 #cje2 and the ,u4 ,s41 #cjd1 #cje2 changes in1 #cjg2 high state of civilization in1 #cjg1 #cjh4 ,english1 in ,germany1 #a1 #hg4 ,english language1 the teaching of the1 #a1 #cda4 ,english newspapers1 and the anarchist riot in ,chicago1 #a1 #beb2 attitude of1 on ,venezuela ,message1 #b1 #cc2 mentioned1 #abe1 #abf4 ,english people1 one aspect of the greatness of1 #a1 #bhh4 ,english social and political system1 #a1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ,erb1 ,dr41 #b1 #abh4 ,erckmann 7mile7-,chatrian 7,l4 ,g4 ,c4 ,a471 ,l',ami ,fritz1 #a1 #aja2 ,les ,confessions d'un ,joueur de ,clarinette1 #aja2 ,histoire d'un ,sous-,matre1 #afb2 mentioned1 #ajf1 #acf4 ,erdmann1 ,johann ,e41 #a1 #cde4 ,erie ,canal1 the1 #a1 #c4 ,essays ,philosophical and ,philological in ,honor of ,william ,james1 #b1 #cji1 #caj4 ,esterhazy ,m4 7,dreyfus case71 #b1 #ih1 #ajj4 ,evans1 ,mrs4 ,glendower4 ,see ,contents4 ,evans1 ,mary ,anne4 ,see ,eliot1 ,george4 ,everett1 ,charles ,carroll1 #a1 #bjb1 #b1 #aef4 ,everett1 ,william1 #a1 #ea4 ,experience1 ,the philosophy of1 #b1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahg4 ,faidherbe1 ,louis ,l4 ,c41 #a1 #afj4 ,fairchild1 ,sally1 #b1 #bje4 ,faith-curers1 and the ,medical ,license bill1 #b1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga4 ,farlow1 ,william ,g41 #a1 #ga4 ,fechner1 ,gustav ,t41 ,zend-,avesta1 #b1 #cjj1 #cji2 mentioned1 #a1 #afj1 #b1 #bfi1 #cah4 ,fichte1 ,johann ,g41 #a1 #ada1 #b1 #bic4 ,field1 ,kate1 ,washington1 #a1 #cjh4 ,figaro1 #b1 #ig1 #ii4 ,fischer1 ,kuno1 ,essay on ,lessing's ,nathan der ,weise1 #a1 #id2 ,hegel's ,leben1 ,werke und ,lehre1 #b1 #acd1 #ace1 #ach4 ,fiske1 ,john1 death of1 #b1 #aef1 #aeg2 ,cosmic ,philosophy1 #b1 #bcc2 mentioned1 #a1 #cdg1 #b1 #aj4 ,fitz1 ,reginald ,h41 #a1 #afb4 ,flaubert1 ,gustave1 ,madame ,bovary1 #b1 #bia2 mentioned1 #a1 #ahb4 ,fletcher1 ,horace1 #b1 #bed4 ,flint1 ,austin1 #a1 #afg4 ,florence1 ,boboli ,garden1 #a1 #agg2 #ahj1 #aha1 #cbh ff41 #cdj1 #cdb4 ,flournoy1 ,theodore1 ,william ,james1 #a1 #ade and n42 beginnings of ,j4's friendship with1 #cbj2 ,mtaphysique et ,psychologie1 #b1 #be2 on religious psychology1 #ahe2 reviews ,myers's ,human ,personality1 #ahe2 lectures on pragmatism1 #bfg2 mentioned1 #abi1 #agb1 #ahj n41 #bbg1 #bbh1 #cae4 ,his children referred to3 ,alice1 #b1 #abi1 #bda1 #bdb2 ,ariane-,dorothe1 #abi2 ,henri1 #ahf1 #ahg2 ,marguerite1 #abi4 ,see ,contents4 ,flournoy1 ,mme4 ,theodore1 #a1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #b1 #bc1 #be1 #df1 #dh1 #ec1 #ee1 #abi1 #ahg1 #caj1 #cac4 ,foote1 ,henry ,w41 #a1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aec4 ,forbes1 ,w4 ,cameron1 #b1 #big4 ,see ,contents4 ,forbes-,robertson1 ,j41 #b1 #bfc4 ,fouille1 ,alfred1 ,renouvier's articles on1 #a1 #bca2 mentioned1 #cbd4 ,france1 and ,prussia 7#ahfg71 #a1 #ie2 religious and revolutionary parties in1 #afa1 #afb2 influence of ,catholic education in1 #afb2 and the ,dreyfus case1 #b1 #hi2 decadence of1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,france1 ,anatole1 #b1 #fc4 ,francis of ,assisi1 ,st41 #b1 #adb4 ,francis ,joseph1 ,emperor1 #a1 #hh4 ,franco-,prussian ,war1 ,j4's views on1 #a1 #aei1 #afj1 #afa4 ,frazer1 ,j4 ,g41 #b1 #aci4 ,free will1 influence on ,j4 of ,renouvier's writings on1 #a1 #adg1 #afd1 #afe1 #afi2 and determinism1 #ahf2 ,s4 ,h1 ,hodgson's paper on1 #bdd1 #bde4 ,french language1 #a1 #cda4 ,freud1 ,sigmund1 #b1 #cbg1 #cbh4 ,galileo1 #b1 #a n4 ,galileo anniversary at ,padua1 #a1 #ccc4 ,gardiner1 ,h4 ,n41 #b1 #afc4 ,see ,contents4 ,gardner1 ,mrs4 ,john ,l41 #b1 #bje4 ,garibaldi1 statue of1 #b1 #aci4 ,gautier1 ,thophile1 #a1 #ajf4 ,geneva1 ,academy of1 #a1 #bj1 #b1 #ahg2 ,museum at1 #ba4 ,german art1 #a1 #aje4 ,german character1 #a1 #abf4 ,german education1 #a1 #aba4 ,german essayists1 discussed1 #a1 #id1 #ie4 ,german genius1 its massiveness1 #b1 #agf4 ,german language1 ,j4's progress in learning1 #a1 #hg1 #aja1 #ajh1 #aaf1 #aba2 mentioned1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi1 #ib1 #cda4 ,german motto1 the1 #a1 #bac4 ,german universities1 and ,harvard1 #a1 #bag1 #bah and n4 ,germans1 ,j4's opinion of1 #a1 #ajj1 #aja1 #aba1 #abb1 #b1 #ajd4 ,germany1 ,j4's impressions of1 #a1 #hf1 #aje2 peasant-women in1 #baa2 philosophers in1 #baf1 #bag2 in #aiaj1 #b1 #cda4 ,gibbens1 ,alice ,h41 early life1 #a1 #aib2 marries ,j41 #aib4 ,and see ,james1 ,mrs4 ,william4 ,gibbens1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,p41 #a1 #aib1 #bbb1 #bdg1 #bdh1 #bfj1 #cci1 #b1 #aah4 ,see ,contents4 ,gibbens1 ,margaret1 #a1 #bdh1 #bfj1 #bgi1 #bha1 #cah4 ,and see ,gregor1 ,mrs4 ,leigh ,r4 ,see ,contents4 ,gibbens1 ,mary1 marries ,w4 ,m4 ,salter1 #a1 #bdh4 ,gifford ,lectures4 ,see this title under ,james1 ,william1 ,works of4 ,gilman1 ,daniel ,coit1 #a1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,gizycki1 ,herr von1 #a1 #bad1 #bdh4 ,gladstone1 ,william ,e41 #b1 #ca4 ,glenmore1 ,davidson's summer school of philosophy at1 #b1 #aig n41 #aii4 ,god1 conceptions of1 #b1 #baa1 #bac1 #bfi1 #bgj4 ,goddard1 ,george ,a41 #a1 #bgd4 ,godkin1 ,e4 ,l41 ,life of1 quoted1 #a1 #ag1 #aae n42 ,j4's opinion of1 #bhd1 #bhe2 ,comments and ,reflections1 #b1 #cj2 illness of1 #afj1 #afa2 his death1 #aha2 proposed memorial to1 #aha1 #ahb2 his home life and his life against the world1 #ahb2 mentioned1 #a1 #aah1 #bci1 #b1 #afg4 ,see ,contents4 ,godkin1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,l41 #a1 #bdj1 #bda1 #b1 #cj1 #afg4 ,godkin1 ,lawrence1 #b1 #cj4 ,goethe1 ,johann ,w4 von1 quoted1 #a1 #ed2 ,italienische ,reise1 #ia2 ,vischer on ,faust1 #id2 ,gedichte1 #b1 #agf2 mentioned1 #a1 #ajd1 #ajg4 ,goldmark1 ,charles1 #b1 #ge1 #gg4 ,goldmark1 ,josephine1 #b1 #bae4 ,goldmark1 ,pauline1 #b1 #ge1 #gf1 #id4 ,see ,contents4 ,goldmarks1 the1 #b1 #bge4 ,goldstein1 ,julius1 #b1 #cci4 ,goodwin1 ,william ,w41 #a1 #ea4 ,gordon1 ,george ,a41 #a1 #bgg4 ,grand ,canyon of ,arizona1 #b1 #bch1 #bci4 ,grandfather ,mountain1 #a1 #caf1 #cag4 ,grant1 ,sir ,ludovic1 #b1 #add4 ,grant1 ,percy1 #b1 #bfb4 ,grant1 ,ulysses ,s41 #a1 #aee4 ,gray1 ,john ,c41 ,jr41 #a1 #ajb1 #abg1 #aed1 #aee1 #afh1 #afi1 #b1 #i1 #aj1 #bhh4 ,see ,contents4 ,gray1 ,roland1 #b1 #aji4 ,great ,britain1 and ,venezuela1 #b1 #bf1 #bg2 and the ,boer ,war1 #adj1 #ada4 ,and see ,england4 ,greeks1 the1 #b1 #bbe4 ,green1 ,st4 ,john1 #b1 #bcc4 ,greene1 ,t4 ,h41 #b1 #bcg4 ,gregor1 ,mrs4 ,leigh ,r4 7,margaret ,gibbens71 #a1 #cch1 #b1 #ajf4 ,and see ,gibbens1 ,margaret4 ,gregor1 ,rosamund1 #b1 #bge and n4 ,grimm1 ,herman1 his ,unberwindliche ,mchte1 reviewed by ,j41 #a1 #ajc1 #ajd and n42 his arrant moralism1 #ajd2 suckled by ,goethe1 #ajd2 ,j4 dines with1 #aji ff42 his costume1 #aaj2 on ,homer1 #aaa2 mentioned1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #abe4 ,grimm1 ,mrs4 ,herman 7,gisela von ,arnim71 #a1 #aaa1 #aaf4 ,grimm ,brothers1 #a1 #ajg1 #aaj4 ,grinnell1 ,charles ,e41 #b1 #aj4 ,gryon1 ,switzerland1 #a1 #cba1 #cbb4 ,gurney1 ,edmund1 ,phantasms of the ,living1 #a1 #bfg2 his death1 #bgi2 ,j4's regard for1 #bhj and n42 mentioned1 #bbb1 #bbi n41 #bdb1 #bea1 #bee1 #b1 #cj4 ,gurney1 ,mrs4 ,edmund1 #a1 #bgi1 #bhg4 ,gurney1 ,ephraim ,w41 #a1 #gf n41 #aea4 ,gurney1 ,mrs4 ,ephraim ,w4 7,ellen ,hooper71 #a1 #gf n4 ,habit1 ,chapter on1 in the ,psychology1 #a1 #big4 ,halvy1 ,daniel1 ,vie de ,nietzsche1 #b1 #ccf1 #cdj4 ,hall1 ,g4 ,stanley1 quoted1 #a1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #cjg2 his new ,journal1 #b1 #baj1 #bag2 mentioned1 #a1 #bee1 #bfi1 #b1 #cbg4 ,hallucinations1 ,census of4 ,see ,census4 ,hamilton1 ,alexander1 #a1 #e4 ,hamilton1 ,sir ,w41 #a1 #ahi4 ,hampton ,court1 #a1 #bhg4 ,hapgood1 ,norman1 #b1 #bfd4 ,harris1 ,frank1 ,the ,man ,shakespeare1 #b1 #ccj1 #cce1 #ccf4 ,harris1 ,william ,t41 #a1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,hartmann1 ,karl ,r4 ,e4 von1 #a1 #aia1 #b1 #bic4 ,harvard ,medical ,school1 in the sixties1 #a1 #ga ff42 and the ,medical ,license ,bill1 #b1 #fg4 ,harvard ,psychological ,laboratory1 beginning of1 #a1 #agi n42 ,mnsterberg in charge of1 #cja1 #cjb4 ,harvard ,summer ,school1 #b1 #d4 ,harvard ,university1 beginning of ,j4's service in1 #a1 #afe2 courses in philosophy offered by1 #aia2 ,hegelism at1 #bjh2 contrasted with ,german universities1 #bag1 #bah and n42 ,department of ,philosophy1 ,j4 on the future of1 #cag1 #cah2 ,j4's new courses at1 #b1 #c1 #d2 routine business of professors1 #de and n42 a possible genuine philosophic universe at1 #abb2 confers ,,ll4,d4 on ,j41 #agc and n42 ,j4 resigns professorship at1 #bbj1 #bff and n42 ,roosevelt as possible ,president of1 #bcb and n4 ,havens1 ,kate1 #a1 #he n4 ,hawthorne ,julian1 ,bressant1 #a1 #afg4 ,hay1 ,john1 #a1 #bea4 ,hegel1 ,georg ,w4 ,f41 ,aesthetik1 #a1 #hg2 mentioned1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bjh1 #cje4 ,hegelianism 7,hegelism71 at ,harvard1 #a1 #bjh2 in the ,psychology1 #cjd and n41 #cje2 mentioned1 #b1 #bcg4 ,hegelians1 #a1 #bje4 ,heidelberg1 #a1 #acg4 ,helmholtz1 ,h4 ,l4 ,f4 von1 ,optics1 #a1 #bff2 mentioned1 #gb1 #aai1 #abc1 #acg1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #cdg4 ,helmholtz1 ,frau von1 #a1 #cdg4 ,henderson1 ,gerard ,c41 #b1 #bge4 ,henry1 ,joseph1 #a1 #g4 ,henry1 ,colonel 7,dreyfus case71 #b1 #ih4 ,herder1 ,johann ,g4 von1 #a1 #ada4 ,hering1 ,ewald1 #a1 #bab4 ,hewlett1 ,maurice1 ,halfway ,house1 #b1 #cdj4 ,heymans1 ,g41 ,einfhrung in die ,metaphysik1 #b1 #bcg and n4 ,hibbert ,foundation lectures 7,manchester ,college71 #b1 #bhc1 #bhd4 ,hibbert ,journal1 #b1 #cac1 #cdh1 ,higginson1 ,henry ,l41 takes charge of ,j4's patrimony1 #a1 #bcc2 and the ,harvard ,union1 #b1 #ajh and n42 mentioned1 #i1 #aj1 #aha1 #aia1 #bfa1 #bhg1 #cbi4 ,see ,contents4 ,higginson1 ,james ,j41 #a1 #ajb1 #abg4 ,higginson1 ,storrow1 #a1 #ce4 ,higginson1 ,t4 ,w41 #b1 #aia4 ,hildreth1 ,j4 ,l41 #a1 #bge1 #bgg4 ,hildreth1 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,l41 #a1 #bgf4 ,hoar1 ,george ,f41 #b1 #aia4 ,hobhouse1 ,l4 ,t41 and ,the ,will to ,believe1 #b1 #bjg1 #bji2 mentioned1 #bhb4 ,see ,contents4 ,hodder1 ,alfred1 #b1 #ad4 ,hodges1 ,george1 #b1 #bgf1 ,hodgson1 ,richard1 death of1 #b1 #bdb1 #beh2 his work and character1 #bdb2 and ,mrs4 ,piper1 #bdb2 ,j4 investigates ,mrs4 ,piper's claim to give communications from his spirit1 #bhf1 #bhg2 ,j4's report thereon1 #cag1 #cai1 #cbd2 mentioned1 #a1 #bbh1 #bbi n41 #bed1 #bha4 ,hodgson1 ,shadworth ,h41 ,time and ,space1 #a1 #ahh2 ,theory of ,practice1 #ahh2 ,philosophy and ,experience1 and ,dialogue on the ,will1 #bdc-bde2 mentioned1 #adc1 #aia1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bjh1 #bbb4 ,see ,contents4 ,hffding1 ,harold1 #b1 #baf4 ,holland1 ,mrs4 ,see ,mediums4 ,holmes1 ,o4 ,w41 #a1 #ga4 ,holmes1 ,o4 ,w41 ,jr41 #a1 #fj1 #gc1 #gf1 #hj1 #aed1 #aee1 #b1 #aj1 #ea4 ,see ,contents4 ,holmes1 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,w41 ,jr4 7,fanny ,dixwell71 her panel and its inscription1 #b1 #aef and n41 #aeg4 ,holt1 ,edwin ,b41 #b1 #bcd4 ,holt1 ,henry1 #b1 #ah4 ,see ,contents4 ,holt1 ,henry1 ,co41 ,j4 contracts to write volume on ,psychology for1 #a1 #aid4 ,homer1 #a1 #aaa4 ,hooper1 ,edward ,w41 #b1 #aef4 ,hooper1 ,ellen1 #a1 #gf and n4 ,hooper1 ,ellen 7,mrs4 ,john ,potter71 #b1 #bge4 ,hooper1 ,louisa1 #b1 #bge4 ,hopkins1 ,woolsey ,r41 describes accident to ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 #a1 #g1 #h4 ,horace ,mann ,auditorium1 #b1 #ag4 ,horse-swapping1 #a1 #bga4 ,house of ,commons1 #a1 #cde1 #cdf4 ,howells1 ,w4 ,d41 ,indian ,summer1 #a1 #bec2 ,shadow of a ,dream1 #bih2 ,hazard of ,new ,fortunes1 #bih1 #bii2 ,rise of ,silas ,lapham1 #cjg2 ,minister's ,charge1 #cjg1 #cjh2 ,lemuel ,barker1 #cjh2 ,criticism and ,fiction1 #cjh2 mentioned1 #a1 #aeh1 #b1 #aj4 ,see ,contents4 ,howells1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d41 #a1 #bec1 #bih1 #bii4 ,howison1 ,george ,h41 #a1 #bci n41 #cjd1 #b1 #gh4 ,see ,contents4 ,hugo1 ,victor1 ,les ,misrables1 #a1 #bfc2 ,la ,lgende des ,sicles1 #b1 #fc2 mentioned1 #a1 #ij1 #b1 #ea4 ,huidekoper1 ,rosamund1 #b1 #bge4 ,humanism1 #b1 #bde1 #bhb4 ,humboldt1 ,h4 ,a4 von1 ,travels1 #a1 #fb4 ,humboldt1 ,w41 letters of1 #a1 #ada4 ,hume1 ,david1 #a1 #ahg1 #b1 #ah1 #abc1 #afe4 ,hunnewell1 ,walter1 #a1 #fh4 ,hunt1 ,william ,m41 #a1 #bd4 ,hunter1 ,ellen 7,temple71 #b1 #beh1 #bfb4 ,huxley1 ,thomas ,h41 ,j4 quoted on1 #a1 #bbf n42 his ,life and ,letters1 #bbf n41 #b1 #bdh2 mentioned1 #b1 #bah4 ,hyatt1 ,alpheus1 #a1 #ca4 ,hyslop1 ,james ,h41 #b1 #bdb1 #bhg4 ,ideal1 the1 #a1 #bch4 ,idealism1 ,absolute1 ,royce's argument for1 #a1 #bdb4 ,immortality1 #a1 #caj1 #b1 #bad1 #bhg4 ,imperialism1 #b1 #gd4 ,indians1 in ,brazil1 #a1 #ff1 #fg1 #gj4 ,indifferentism1 #a1 #bch4 ,insane1 proposed national society to improve condition of1 #b1 #bgc1 #bgd4 ,intellectualism1 #b1 #bia1 #bib4 ,italian language1 #a1 #cda1 #b1 #bbb4 ,italy1 #a1 #age1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,jacks1 ,l4 ,p41 #b1 #cci1 #cdh4 ,jackson ,henry1 #a1 #bgd1 #bge4 ,jacobi1 ,friedrich ,h41 #a1 #ada4 ,james1 ,alexander ,r4 7,j4's son71 #b1 #cg1 #dc1 #ib4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,alice 7,j4's sister71 her diary quoted1 #a1 #af2 in ,england with ,h4 ,james1 ,jr41 from #ahhe on1 #beh2 her illness1 #beh1 #bei1 #bhd2 her diary quoted1 #bei n42 quoted1 on ,j4's ,european trip in #ahhi1 #bhi1 #bij2 her death1 #cai2 mentioned1 #ah1 #dg1 #fj1 #fi1 #ia1 #ajc1 #adb1 #agb1 #ahc1 #bag1 #bbj1 #bha1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #b1 #abg4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,mrs4 ,catherine 7,barber71 third wife of ,w4 ,james ,i1 7,j4's paternal grandmother71 a dear gentle lady1 #a1 #f2 her house in ,albany1 #aje2 mentioned1 #d1 #e n41 #g4 ,james1 ,garth ,wilkinson 7,j4's brother71 wounded at ,fort ,wagner1 #a1 #dc1 #dd1 #di2 mentioned1 #a1 #ag1 #cc1 #ce1 #cf1 #dj1 #da1 #db1 #ea1 #eb1 #fj1 #fi1 #gj1 #hh1 #ace n41 #acf1 #aib4 ,james1 ,henry1 ,senior 7,j4's father71 quoted1 on his father1 #a1 #d1 his grandfather1 #e1 and his mother1 #e and n42 his habit of thought expressed in his description of his mother1 #e n42 sketch of his life and character1 #g-ai2 maimed for life by accident1 #g1 #h2 his discontent with orthodox dispensation1 #h2 marries ,mary ,walsh1 #h2 ,j4's striking resemblance to1 #aj2 relations with his children1 #aj1 #ah1 #ai2 ,j4's introduction to his ,literary ,remains1 #aj1 #ac2 letters of1 to ,emerson1 #aa2 effect of ,swedenborg's works on1 #ab2 the only business of his later life1 #ab1 #ac2 ,j4's estimate of1 #ac2 ,henry ,james quoted on1 #ad2 letter of1 to editor of ,new ,jerusalem ,messenger1 #ad-af2 his directions regarding his funeral service1 #af2 ,godkin quoted on1 #ag2 ,e4 ,w4 ,emerson quoted on1 #ag1 #ah and n42 and ,miss ,emerson1 #ah n42 influence of his full and homely idiom on the conversation of his sons1 #ah2 his philosophy1 discussed by ,j41 #if1 #ig2 his essay on ,swedenborg1 #aag2 letter of1 to ,henry ,james1 #afi2 dangerously ill1 #bah2 ,j4's last letter to1 #bah-bbj2 his ,secret of ,swedenborg1 #bbj2 his death1 #bba2 ,j4's memories of1 #bba1 #bbb2 his mentality described1 #bda1 #bdb2 compared with ,carlyle1 #bda2 mentioned1 #b1 #f1 #g1 #bg1 #cf1 #ec1 #fh1 #hj1 #ib1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aae and n41 #aah1 #ace n41 #aec1 #aeg1 #aeh and n41 #age1 #bag1 #bfj1 #bhi1 #bij1 #caf1 #b1 #ci1 #bgh4 ,see ,contents4 ,literary ,remains of1 edited by ,j41 #a1 #d and n41 #e n41 #aj1 #ac1 #bcf1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,james1 ,mrs4 ,henry1 ,senior 7,mary ,walsh71 7,j4's mother71 her character1 #a1 #i2 her death1 #bah2 mentioned1 #h1 #fi1 #hj1 #ajc1 #aag1 #aef1 #age1 #ahc1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,henry1 ,jr4 7,j4's brother71 impressions of an elder generation reflected in ,the ,wings of the ,dove1 #a1 #g2 and his mother1 #i2 his birth1 #i2 quoted1 on his father1 #ad2 influence of his father's idiom on his speech1 #ah2 at the ,collge de ,boulogne1 #bj2 early secret passion for authorship1 #ba2 his meteorological blunder1 #ba2 quoted1 on ,j41 as he sits drawing1 #bb1 #bc2 letter of his father to1 #afi2 his feeling for ,europe1 #bji2 its reaction on him and on ,j41 contrasted1 #bji1 #baj2 described by ,j41 #bhh2 his third manner of writing criticized by ,j41 #b1 #bdj1 #bgg-bgi2 his paper on ,boston1 #beb2 mentioned1 #a1 #ag1 #be1 #cc1 #cf1 #dj1 #da1 #de1 #ea1 #ec1 #fh1 #gj1 #gf1 #hj1 #ij1 #id1 #ie1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aae1 #aag1 #aah1 #acf1 #ach1 #ada1 #adh n41 #agd1 #age1 #agg1 #agh1 #ahj1 #bah1 #bai1 #bdj1 #beh1 #bfj1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bhi1 #bij1 #cai1 #b1 #aj1 #ce1 #fa1 #fb1 #hd1 #aje1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #afa1 #afg1 #afh1 #afi1 #agj1 #aib1 #aic1 #bae1 #bbd1 #bej1 #bhj1 #cae1 #ccc1 #cce1 #cch1 #cda1 #cej4 ,see ,contents4 ,works of3 ,the ,american1 #a1 #ahe2 ,the ,american ,scene1 #b1 #bfd1 #bgg1 #bii2 ,the ,bostonians1 #a1 #bej1 #bea1 #beb1 #bec2 ,the ,golden ,bowl1 #b1 #bdj2 ,notes of a ,son and ,brother1 #a1 #aj1 #aa n41 #bd1 #cb1 #cf1 #ace n42 ,partial ,portraits1 #bhj2 ,the ,portrait of a ,lady1 #cf2 ,princess ,cassamassima1 #bea2 ,the ,reverberator1 #bhj2 ,roderick ,hudson1 #ahd2 ,w4 ,w4 ,story1 ,life of1 #bg n42 ,the ,tragic ,muse1 #bii2 ,a ,small ,boy and ,others1 #d n41 #h n41 #i1 #aj1 #ad1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc2 ,the ,wings of the ,dove1 #g1 #cf1 #b1 #bdj4 ,james1 ,henry1 #c;d 7,j4's son71 #a1 #bge1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #ccf1 #cdc1 #b1 #cj1 #ca1 #hd1 #abi1 #adc1 #ade1 #adg1 #aei1 #cbd4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,hermann 7,j4's son71 birth of1 #a1 #bcd1 #bce2 death of1 #bdg4 ,james1 ,margaret ,m4 7,j4's daughter71 birth of1 #a1 #bfg2 mentioned1 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgi1 #bha1 #cbb1 #ccb1 #ccf1 #b1 #dc1 #ed1 #ih1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #acj1 #aia4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,robertson 7,j4's brother71 in ,union army1 #a1 #dc1 #dd2 mentioned1 #ag1 #cc1 #da1 #dc1 #eb1 #fj1 #fi1 #gj1 #ha1 #acf4 ,james1 ,william1 ,j4's grandfather1 his career1 from penury to great wealth1 #a1 #b1 #c2 a leading citizen of ,albany1 #c2 personal appearance1 #c2 anecdotes of1 #c1 #d2 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 quoted on1 #d2 his stiff ,presbyterianism and its results1 #d2 his will disallowed by court1 #d1 #f2 marries ,catherine ,barber1 #d4 ,james1 ,william1 7,j4's uncle71 #a1 #f4 ,,james1 ,,william4 ,his ancestors in ,america1 #a1 #a2 recurrence of his father's habit of thought in1 #e n42 and his mother1 #i2 resemblance of1 to his father1 #aj2 quoted1 on his father1 #ac2 influence of his father's idiom1 #ah and n42 frequent changes of schools and tutors1 #ai2 in ,europe1 #ahee to #aheh1 #ai2 at the ,collge de ,boulogne1 and the ,academy of ,geneva1 #bj2 quoted1 on his education1 #bj2 interest in exact knowledge1 #bj2 begins study of anatomy at ,geneva1 #ba2 his cosmopolitanism of consciousness1 #bb2 widely read in three languages1 #bb2 effect of his early training1 #bb2 takes up painting1 #bb-bd2 portrait of ,katharine ,temple1 #bd2 physique1 personal appearance and dress1 #bd1 #be2 temperament and conversation1 #bf2 smiting quality of his best talk1 #bg2 keen about new things1 #bh2 disadvantage of being too encouraging to little geniuses1 #bh1 #bi2 freer criticism of those who had arrived1 #bi2 influence as a teacher at ,harvard1 #bi1 #cj2 in ,lawrence ,scientific ,school1 #ca and n42 physical condition keeps him out of army in ,civil ,war1 #dg2 transfers from ,chemistry to ,comparative ,anatomy1 #dg2 and ,jeffries ,wyman1 #dh1 #di2 begins course at ,medical ,school1 #ec2 philosophy begins to beckon1 #ec2 joins ,agassiz's expedition to the ,amazon1 #ed2 his nine months with ,agassiz not wasted1 #ee1 #ef2 has small-pox at ,rio1 #fj1 #fa1 #fc and n42 interne at ,mass4 ,general ,hospital1 #ga2 again in ,medical ,school1 #ga-hd4 ,impaired health causes his visit to ,germany1 #hd1 #he2 in ,dresden1 ,berlin and ,teplitz1 #he1 #hf2 describes his condition in letter to his father1 #ie1 #if2 returns to ,u4 ,s41 #aci2 takes degree of ,m4,d4 7#ahfi71 #adj2 eye-weakness1 #adj1 #ada2 scope of his reading1 #ada1 #adb and n41 #adc2 his note-books1 #adc1 #add2 relation between earlier and later writings1 #add and n42 morbid depression1 #ade2 chapter on the sick soul the story of his own case1 #ade-adg2 return of resolution and self-confidence1 #adg1 #adh2 ,instructor in ,physiology1 #afe2 his real subject1 physiological psychology1 #afe1 #aff2 his deepest inclination always toward philosophy1 #aff2 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior's1 letter on the change in ,j4's mental tone and outlook1 #afi1 #agj2 decides to devote himself to biology1 #aga2 ,europe again1 #aga2 end of the period of morbid depression1 #aga2 gives course in ,psychology and organizes ,psychological ,laboratory1 #agi and n12 contributions to periodicals1 #ahj2 on teaching of philosophy in ,american colleges1 #ahi ff4 ,marries ,alice ,h4 ,gibbens1 #aib2 effect of his new domesticity1 #aic2 importance of his wife's companionship and understanding1 #aic2 contracts to write a volume on ,psychology1 #aid2 vacations in ,keene ,valley1 #aie2 his mode of life there1 #aie2 a bit of self-analysis1 #aii1 #bjj2 first work on ,psychology1 #bjc1 #bbc2 declines invitation to teach at ,johns ,hopkins1 #bjc2 in ,europe1 #ahhj-hc1 #bjh ff42 and ,henry ,james1 #bji1 #baj2 reaction on ,europe1 #bji1 #baj2 death of his mother1 #bah1 and of his father1 #bba2 his memories of them1 #bba1 #bbb2 corresponding member of ,english ,society for ,psychical ,research1 #bbg2 an organizer and officer of the ,american ,society1 #bbg2 investigates psychic phenomena1 #bbg ff42 conducts ,american ,census of ,hallucinations1 #bbh1 #bbi2 edits his father's ,literary ,remains1 #bcf1 #bci ff42 his life at ,chocorua1 #bga1 #bgb1 #bgc4 ,abroad in #ahhi1 #bhf ff42 at ,international ,congress of ,physiological ,psychology1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bij2 his new house in ,cambridge1 #bij1 #bia2 his inclination toward the under-dog1 #bib1 #bic1 #b1 #agh2 completion of the ,psychology1 #a1 #bic ff42 effect of its publication on his reputation1 #cjj2 prepares an abridgment 7,briefer ,course71 #cjj1 #cja2 turns his attention more fully toward philosophy1 #cja2 raises money for ,harvard ,laboratory1 #cja1 and recommends ,mnsterberg as its head1 #cja2 his sabbatical year abroad1 #cjb1 #cbj ff42 beginning of his friendship with ,flournoy1 #cbj2 receives honorary degree at ,padua1 #ccc4 ,how his mind was moving during the nineties1 #b1 #b ff42 his opinion of psychology1 #b2 new courses at ,harvard1 #c1 #d2 outside lecturing1 #d2 would devote his thought and work to metaphysical and religious questions1 #e2 frustrations1 #e1 #f2 personal appearance1 #f1 #g2 his daily round1 #g-i2 the ,club1 #i1 #aj2 nervous break-down1 #aj2 ,d4 ,s4 ,miller quoted on1 #aa-ag2 attitude toward spelling reform1 #ah1 #ai2 and ,cleveland's ,venezuela ,message1 #bf ff42 experiments with mescal1 #ce1 #cg2 ,chautauqua lectures1 #dj ff42 work on college committees1 #de n41 at ,faculty meetings1 #de n41 lectures at ,lowell ,institute1 #ed and n41 #ee2 invited to deliver ,gifford ,lectures at ,edinburgh1 #ee2 ,blood's strictures on his ,english1 #ei2 on a proposed ,medical ,license bill1 #ff ff42 on the ,spanish ,war1 #gc1 #gd2 corresponding member of ,acadmie des ,sciences ,morales et ,politiques1 #ge2 a memorable night in the ,adirondacks1 #ge-gg4 ,effect on his health of misadventures in the ,adirondack1 #gh1 #gi1 #ij1 #ia2 two years of exile and illness1 #ib ff42 an individualist and a liberal1 #ic2 opposed to ,philippine policy of ,mc,kinley administration1 #ic1 #id2 his teaching limited to a half-course a year1 #aga2 lectures and contributions to philosophic journals1 #aga2 strain on his strength1 #aga2 the spirit in which he did his work1 #agb1 #agc2 receives ,,ll4,d4 from ,harvard1 #agc and n42 replies to ,prof4 ,pratt's ,questionnaire1 #bab-bae2 at ,philosophical ,congress at ,rome1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bbe ff42 lectures at ,stanford ,university1 #bbj1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bdd and n42 and the ,san ,francisco earthquake1 #bbj1 #bdf ff42 ,pragmatism1 #bbj2 resigns his professorship1 #bbj1 #bff and n42 the last meeting of his class1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bfb4 ,declining health1 #bhc1 #ccc2 lectures on ,hibbert ,foundation at ,oxford1 #bhc1 #bhd2 uncompleted projects1 #bhd2 his attitude toward war1 #bhd1 #bhe1 and universal arbitration1 #bhe2 tolerance fundamental in his scheme of belief1 #bhf2 his report on ,mrs4 ,piper's ,hodgson control1 #bhf1 #bhg2 last months in ,europe1 #ccc ff42 farewell to ,harvard ,faculty1 #ccd2 returns to ,chocorua1 #cej2 the end1 #cej4 ,letters containing moral counsel1 or touching upon problems of ,belief1 #b1 #eg1 #fe1 #gf1 #gg1 #adi1 #aej1 #aif1 #aig1 #baj1 #baa1 #bab-bae1 #bfi1 #cbf1 #cdd-cdf2 ,conduct1 #a1 #gg-gi1 #ajj1 #abh ff41 #adh1 #aii1 #bjj1 #b1 #aca1 #acb2 ,life and ,death1 #a1 #bah-bbj1 #cji-caa1 #b1 #acj1 #aed4 ,,works ,,of3-- ,address of the ,president before the ,society for ,psychical ,research1 #b1 #cj and n4 ,bain and ,renouvier1 #a1 #ahf4 ,briefer ,course 7abridgment of the ,principles of ,psychology71 #a1 #cjj1 #cja1 #cjd1 #cad4 ,brute and ,human ,intellect1 #a1 #ahj4 ,certain ,blindness in ,human ,beings1 ,a1 #b1 #e4 ,collected ,essays and ,reviews1 #a1 #bbe n41 #b1 #bj n41 #bhg1 #bie n4 ,confidences of a ,psychical ,researcher1 #b1 #cbg and n4 ,dilemma of ,determinism1 ,the1 #a1 #bcg and n41 #bch4 ,does ,consciousness ,exist8 ,see ,notion de ,conscience1 ,la4 ,energies of ,men1 ,the1 #b1 #beb1 #bhd4 ,feeling of ,effort1 ,the1 #a1 #bjg4 ,frederick ,myers's ,service to ,psychology1 #b1 #aea and n4 ,german-,american ,novel1 ,a4 #a1 #ajd n4 ,gifford ,lectures on ,natural ,religion1 ,j4 invited to deliver1 #b1 #ee2 preparing for1 #he1 #ib1 #ic2 delivered1 #add ff42 success of1 #adg1 #adi1 #aej1 #aea2 outline of1 #aej2 published as ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 #afi2 mentioned1 #ge1 #if1 #ig1 #aje1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aae1 #abg1 #acd1 #b1 #afb1 #afd1 #afe4 ,and see ,varieties of ,religious ,experience1 infra4 ,how ,two ,minds can ,know ,one ,thing1 #b1 #bag and n4 ,human ,immortality1 #b1 #ahj and n4 ,introspective ,psychology1 ,on ,some ,omissions of1 #a1 #bcj4 ,knight-,errant of the ,intellectual ,life1 ,a1 #b1 #ajg n4 ,lowell ,institute ,lectures1 #b1 #ed and n41 #ee4 ,meaning of ,truth1 ,the1 #b1 #bj n41 #cbg4 ,memories and ,studies1 #a1 #aec1 #bbf n41 #bbi n41 #b1 #ci n41 #ei n41 #ajg n41 #aea n41 #aic1 #bdg1 #bhe n41 #bhg1 #cbg n4 ,moral ,equivalent of ,war1 ,the1 #b1 #bhd4 ,notion de ,conscience1 ,la1 #b1 #bbf and n41 #bfg and n4 ,perception of ,space1 ,the1 #a1 #bff n4 ,perception of ,time1 ,the1 #a1 #bff4 ,philosophic ,reveries1 #b1 #cci4 ,philosophical ,conceptions and ,practical ,results1 #b1 #e4 ,philosophy1 ,some ,problems of1 #a1 #add n41 #ahf4 ,pluralistic ,mystic1 ,a4 7lectures on ,hibbert ,foundation71 #b1 #ci n41 #cjj1 #caa1 #cac1 #cbb1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cci4 ,pragmatism1 #b1 #ag1 #bgf1 #bgi1 #bib1 #bid1 #bie1 #cjj2 translated by ,w4 ,jerusalem1 #big4 ,pragmatism's ,conception of ,truth1 #b1 #bga and n4 ,proposed ,shortening of the ,college ,course1 #b1 #de n4 ,psychology1 ,principles of1 #a1 #aid1 #bjc1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bdi1 #bfh1 #bfi1 #bhc1 #bic ff41 #bif1 #big1 #cjj1 #cja1 #cjd and n41 #cje1 #cjg1 #cbj1 #b1 #ab1 #ac4 ,quelques ,considrations sur la ,mthode ,subjective1 #a1 #ahj4 ,radical ,empiricism1 ,essays in1 #b1 #bfg n4 ,radical ,empiricism1 ,is it ,solipsistic8 #b1 #bah4 ,radical ,empiricism as a ,philosophy1 #b1 #aig n4 ,selected ,essays and ,reviews1 #b1 #bga4 ,sentiment of ,rationality1 ,the1 #a1 #bjc and n4 ,shaw ,monument1 ,oration on ,unveiling of1 #b1 #ei1 #fj4 ,spatial ,quale1 ,the1 #a1 #bje and n4 ,spencer's ,definition of ,mind as ,correspondence1 #a1 #ahj4 ,talks to ,teachers and ,students on ,some of ,life's ,problems1 #b1 #d1 #e1 #dj1 #gi1 #bhf4 ,tigers in ,india1 ,the1 #b1 #bj n4 ,varieties of ,religious ,experience4 7,gifford ,lectures71 #a1 #ade-adg1 #bic1 #b1 #afi1 #agj1 #bji1 #baj1 #bfh4 ,what ,psychical ,research has ,accomplished1 #a1 #bbi and n41 #cjf4 ,will to ,believe1 ,the1 #b1 #dd1 #dh1 #he1 #hg1 #hh1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bji1 #bhb4 ,will to ,believe1 ,the1 and ,other ,essays in ,popular ,philosophy1 #a1 #bbi n41 #bcg n41 #bhj n41 #b1 #d1 #e1 #cd1 #eh n41 #fd4 ,word ,more about ,truth1 ,a1 #b1 #bie4 ,see also list of ,dates at the beginning of ,volume ,i1 and the partial bibliography 7,appendix ,,ii1 infra74 ,james1 ,mrs4 ,william 7,alice ,gibbens71 #a1 #aib1 #aic1 #aie1 #aif1 #bag1 #bah1 #bcb1 #bcg1 #bdg1 #bfi1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bid1 #big1 #bih1 #caf1 #cai1 #cba1 #cbe1 #cbh1 #ccg1 #cch1 #cci1 #cdj1 #cda1 #cdf1 #b1 #e1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #bj1 #bd1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #eb1 #ei1 #fj1 #fc1 #ib1 #ic1 #if1 #ig1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #abi1 #acd1 #ade1 #adg1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afa1 #afe1 #age1 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #aic1 #bae1 #bbc1 #bcc1 #bdg1 #bej1 #bef1 #beh1 #bei1 #bge1 #cab1 #cac1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cch1 #cej4 ,see ,contents4 ,james1 ,william 7,j4's son71 birth of1 #a1 #bcd2 mentioned1 #bcg1 #bfj1 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bhb1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #ccf1 #cdf1 #b1 #ib1 #ih1 #abi1 #aei1 #agd1 #age1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #bej1 #beh1 #bei1 #bgd1 #bge1 #bgf4 ,see ,contents4 ,jameson ,raid1 #b1 #bg4 ,janet1 ,pierre1 #b1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbf1 #bed4 ,janet1 ,mme4 ,pierre1 #b1 #baf4 ,jap1 a dog1 #a1 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #bgi4 ,jefferies1 ,richard1 ,the ,life of the ,fields1 #b1 #beh1 #bei4 ,jeffries1 ,b4 ,joy1 #a1 #afc4 ,jerome1 ,w4 ,t41 #b1 #bfd4 ,jerusalem1 ,w4 ,see ,contents4 ,jevons1 ,f4 ,b41 #b1 #cjf4 ,jimmy1 students' name for the ,briefer ,course1 #a1 #cja4 ,johns ,hopkins ,university1 ,j4 declines invitation to teach at1 #a1 #bjc4 ,johnson1 ,alice1 #b1 #caa4 ,journal of ,speculative ,philosophy1 #a1 #bff1 #b1 #cci4 ,jung-,stilling1 ,johann ,k41 ,autobiography1 #a1 #aee4 ,kallen1 ,horace ,m41 #b1 #bga4 ,kant1 ,immanuel1 ,kritik der reinen ,vernunft1 #a1 #ach1 #b1 #agi2 ,j4 lectures on1 #de1 #dg1 #ea1 #ed2 mentioned1 #a1 #aag1 #ada1 #aia1 #bjb1 #bje1 #b1 #c4 ,kaulbach1 ,w4 von1 #a1 #ij4 ,keane1 ,bishop1 #a1 #bid4 ,keene ,valley1 ,adirondacks1 ,j4's summer holidays in1 #a1 #aid1 #aie1 #aif2 an eventful #bd hours1 and its effect1 #b1 #ge-gi1 #ie2 his further misadventure1 #ij1 #ia2 mentioned1 #a1 #bcb1 #b1 #ea1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bif1 #big4 ,kipling1 ,rudyard1 ,the ,light that ,failed1 #a1 #cjg2 mentioned1 #b1 #ba1 #bb1 #bca4 ,kitchin1 ,george ,w41 #b1 #cjf4 ,knox1 ,h4 ,v41 #b1 #cac1 #cad4 ,kruger1 ,paul1 #b1 #bg4 ,kolliker1 ,r4 ,a4 von1 #a1 #abc4 ,kosmos1 the startling discoveries concerning1 #a1 #aja4 ,khnemann1 ,eugen1 #b1 #bfc4 ,la ,farge1 ,bancel1 #b1 #bge4 ,la ,farge1 ,john1 #a1 #bd1 #ia1 #b1 #agc4 ,lamar1 ,lucuis ,q4 ,c41 #a1 #bea4 ,lamb1 ,charles1 #b1 #bci4 ,lamb ,house1 ,rye1 ,henry ,james's ,english home1 #b1 #ajg1 #aaa4 ,lawrence ,scientific ,school1 ,chemical laboratory in1 #a1 #ca2 ,c4 ,w4 ,eliot quoted on ,j4's course in1 #ca1 #cb and n4 ,leibnitz1 ,baron ,g4 ,w4 von1 #b1 #ac4 ,lematre1 ,jules1 #b1 #fc4 ,leonardo1 #b1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bde4 ,leopardi1 ,giacomo1 ,to ,sylvia1 #a1 #bdf and n4 ,lesley1 ,susan ,i41 ,recollections of my ,mother1 #b1 #ace and n4 ,lessing1 ,gotthold ,e41 ,emilia ,galotti1 #a1 #ia2 ,fischer's ,essay on ,nathan der ,weise1 #id4 ,leuba1 ,james ,h41 #b1 #baj1 #baa1 #bah4 ,see ,contents4 ,lincoln1 ,abraham1 effect of his death1 #a1 #ff1 #fg2 characterized by ,j41 #fg4 ,linville1 ,n4 ,c41 #a1 #caf1 #cag4 ,lister1 ,sir ,joseph1 #a1 #gb4 ,lloyd1 ,henry ,d41 #b1 #aff4 ,locke1 ,john1 #a1 #aia1 #b1 #afe1 #beg4 ,lodge1 ,henry ,cabot1 #b1 #cj4 ,lodge1 ,sir ,oliver1 #a1 #bbi n4 ,loeser1 ,charles ,a41 #a1 #ccg1 #cci4 ,lombroso1 ,cesar1 #b1 #ae4 ,london1 #a1 #age1 #b1 #cjg4 ,london1 ,times1 #b1 #dc1 #fe1 #aah4 ,long1 ,george1 #a1 #gh4 ,loring1 ,katharine ,p41 #a1 #bei1 #bfb1 #caa1 #caf4 ,lotze1 ,rudolf ,h41 #a1 #bjf1 #bjh4 ,loubet1 mile1 ,president of ,france1 #b1 #hi1 #ih4 ,lowell1 ,a4 ,lawrence1 #b1 #cbf4 ,lowell1 ,james ,russell1 death of1 #a1 #cad1 #cae n42 ,j4's memory of1 #cae2 mentioned1 #aie4 ,lucerne1 #b1 #acc4 ,ludwig1 ,karl ,f4 ,w41 #a1 #gb1 #afj1 #bae4 ,lutoslawski1 ,w41 #b1 #ajc1 #aga4 ,see ,contents4 ,mc,dougall1 ,william1 #b1 #cac1 #cad1 #cae4 ,mc,kinley1 ,william1 and the ,spanish ,war1 #b1 #gd2 ,philippine ,policy of his administration disapproved by ,j41 #ic1 #id1 #bhi2 and ,roosevelt1 ,j4's description of1 #id2 mentioned1 #ej1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aji4 ,mac,monnies1 ,f4 ,w41 ,bacchante1 #b1 #fb and n41 #fc4 ,macaulay1 ,thomas ,b41 ,lord1 #a1 #bbe4 ,mach1 ,ernst1 #a1 #baa1 #bab4 ,maine1 ,u4 ,s4 ,s41 explosion of1 #b1 #gc4 ,manchester ,college4 ,see ,hibbert ,foundation4 ,marcus ,aurelius1 #a1 #gh1 #gi4 ,marshall1 ,henry ,rutgers1 ,instinct and ,reason1 #a1 #hg4 ,see ,contents4 ,martin1 ,l4 ,j41 #b1 #bdf1 #bdi4 ,martineau1 ,james1 #a1 #bhc4 ,mascagni1 ,pietro1 ,i ,rantzau1 #a1 #ccd1 #cce4 ,massachusetts ,general ,hospital1 #a1 #ga1 #gb4 ,materialism1 #a1 #hb1 #hc4 ,maudsley1 ,henry1 #a1 #adc4 ,maupassant1 ,guy de1 #a1 #bhb4 ,medical ,license bill 7proposed71 in ,mass41 #b1 #ff ff4 ,mediums1 #a1 #bbh1 #b1 #bhg1 #caa4 ,and see ,paladino1 ,eusapia1 and ,piper1 ,mrs4 ,mental ,hygiene1 ,connecticut ,society for1 #b1 #bgc2 ,national ,committee for1 #bgc4 ,merriman1 ,daniel4 ,see ,contents4 ,merriman1 ,mrs4 ,daniel1 #b1 #aah4 ,merriman1 ,r4 ,b41 #b1 #fc1 #ff1 #acb1 #age4 ,mescal1 ,j4's experiment with1 #b1 #ce1 #cg4 ,metaphysical problems1 ,j4's mind haunted by1 #b1 #b4 ,metaphysics1 outline of course offered by ,j4 in1 #b1 #c1 #d2 ,j4's proposed system of1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,meysenbug1 ,malwida von1 ,memoiren einer ,idealistin1 #b1 #ace and n4 ,mezes1 ,sidney ,e41 #b1 #ad4 ,mill1 ,john ,stuart1 #a1 #afd1 #b1 #bfg4 ,miller1 ,dickinson ,s41 quoted1 on ,j4 as a teacher and lecturer1 #b1 #aa-ag2 ,truth and ,error1 #ah2 quoted1 on ,j4's talks with ,columbia ,faculty ,club1 #bfe n42 his study of ,j41 #cca1 #ccb2 mentioned1 #hg1 #hh1 #acg1 #afc1 #bcb n41 #bhb4 ,see ,contents4 ,mind1 #a1 #bed1 #bee4 ,mind-curers4 ,see ,faith-curers4 ,miracles1 #b1 #eg1 #eh4 ,mitchell1 ,s4 ,weir1 #b1 #cg4 ,monism1 #a1 #bch1 #bdd1 #bde4 ,montgomery1 ,edmund1 #a1 #bed1 #bee4 ,morgan1 ,c4 ,lloyd1 #b1 #baf4 ,moritz1 ,c4 ,p41 #a1 #ada4 ,morley1 ,john1 ,voltaire1 #a1 #add n4 ,morse1 ,frances ,r41 #a1 #aig1 #b1 #ajf1 #aac1 #bcb4 ,see ,contents4 ,morse1 ,mary4 ,see ,elliot1 ,mrs4 ,john ,w4 ,morse1 ,john ,t41 #b1 #aj4 ,motterone1 ,monte1 #a1 #cbd4 ,mller1 ,g4 ,e41 #a1 #cab1 #cac4 ,munich ,congress1 #b1 #df1 #ej4 ,munk1 ,h41 #a1 #bac1 #aad4 ,mnsterberg1 ,hugo1 recommended by ,j4 as head of ,harvard ,psychological ,laboratory1 #a1 #cja1 #cjb2 the ,rudyard ,kipling of philosophy1 #cah2 an immense success1 #ccb2 criticizes ,j41 #b1 #bfg1 #bfh2 mentioned1 #a1 #cab1 #b1 #b1 #ah1 #aba1 #bbi1 #bgj1 #bic1 #cbj4 ,see ,contents4 ,murray1 ,gilbert1 #b1 #bga4 ,musset1 ,alfred de1 #b1 #fc4 ,myers1 ,f4 ,w4 ,h41 ,human ,personality1 #a1 #bbi n41 #b1 #aea1 #ahe and n42 death of1 #ada2 ,j4's tribute to1 #ada1 #aea1 #aeg2 mentioned1 #a1 #bhg1 #bij1 #b1 #eg1 #aad1 #aah1 #aef1 #aeg1 #afa4 ,see ,contents4 ,myers1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,w4 ,h41 #a1 #bij1 #cde1 #b1 #aea1 #aeg4 ,naples1 #b1 #bbb4 ,nation1 ,the1 review of ,literary ,remains of ,henry ,james in1 #a1 #bdj1 #bda2 ,j4's comments on1 #bhd2 and ,cleveland's ,venezuela ,message1 #b1 #bh2 mentioned1 #a1 #gj1 #ib1 #ajd and n41 #aag1 #aah1 #afa1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #b1 #db1 #ahb1 #ccb4 ,nauheim 7,bad71 #b1 #ib1 #ic1 #ie1 #ajd1 #ajg1 #acd1 #ace1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #afj1 #ccc1 #cch4 ,neilson1 ,adelaide1 #a1 #afh4 ,nevins1 ,john ,c41 ,demon ,possession and ,allied ,themes1 #b1 #ef and n4 ,new ,forest1 ,the1 #b1 #afj1 #afa4 ,new ,jerusalem ,messenger1 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior's1 letter to editor of1 #a1 #ad-af4 ,new ,world1 ,the1 #a1 #ccd1 #b1 #dd4 ,new ,york ,city1 #b1 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,newcomb1 ,simon1 #a1 #bej4 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 #b1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,newton1 ,sir ,isaac1 #b1 #a n4 ,nichols1 ,herbert1 #a1 #cce1 #b1 #ad4 ,nietzsche1 ,friedrich ,w41 #b1 #bcc4 ,nivedita1 ,sister1 #b1 #add4 ,nonentity1 ,idea of1 #b1 #bic4 ,nordau1 ,max ,s41 ,entartung1 #b1 #ai2 mentioned1 #ag4 ,norton1 ,charles ,eliot1 ,ruskin's letters to1 #b1 #bjf2 mentioned1 #a1 #aha1 #bia1 #cca1 #cch1 #cdg1 #b1 #aia1 #aii4 ,see ,contents4 ,norton1 ,grace1 #a1 #bhd1 #b1 #aia4 ,see ,contents4 ,norton1 ,mrs4 ,charles ,e4 7,susan ,sedgwick71 #a1 #aha4 ,norton ,woods1 the1 #b1 #bja4 ,olney1 ,richard1 and the ,venezuela ,message1 #b1 #bg1 #bi4 ,optimism1 #a1 #hc1 #bch4 ,oregon1 forest fires in1 #b1 #hj4 ,ostensacken1 ,baron1 #a1 #ccg1 #cci4 ,ostwald1 ,w41 #b1 #bbi4 ,oxford1 #b1 #cjg4 ,padua1 ,galileo anniversary at1 #a1 #ccc and n42 ,university of1 confers degree on ,j41 #ccc4 ,pdagogy1 #b1 #dg4 ,paladino1 ,eusapia1 #b1 #ahf and n41 #caa1 #cbj1 #cbg4 ,paley1 ,william1 #a1 #bhc4 ,pallanza1 ,italy1 #a1 #cbi4 ,palmer1 ,george ,h41 a ,hegelian1 #a1 #bje1 #bjh2 investigates psychic phenomena with ,j41 #bbg2 mentioned1 #bjb1 #bib1 #cce1 #b1 #b1 #ah4 ,see ,contents4 ,palmer1 ,mrs4 ,alice ,freeman1 #b1 #abd4 ,papini1 ,giovanni1 ,crepuscolo dei ,filosofi1 #b1 #bde1 #bdf2 mentioned1 #agb1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #beg1 #bfg4 ,paris1 #a1 #agd1 #age1 #bag4 ,paris ,commune 7#ahga71 #a1 #afa4 ,parkman1 ,francis1 #b1 #aj4 ,parkman1 ,mrs4 ,henry1 #b1 #bje4 ,parthenon1 the1 #b1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ,party spirit1 the only permanent force of corruption in the ,u4 ,s41 #b1 #ajj4 ,pasteur1 ,louis1 #a1 #gb1 #bbe4 ,paty du ,clam1 ,colonel du1 #b1 #ih4 ,paulsen1 ,friederich1 ,einleitung1 #a1 #cdf1 #b1 #bdd4 ,peabody1 ,elizabeth1 #a1 #aab4 ,peabody1 ,frances ,g41 #b1 #bbi4 ,peace ,congress1 #b1 #bgg4 ,peillaube1 ,m41 #b1 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,peirce1 ,benjamin1 #a1 #cb4 ,peirce1 ,charles ,s41 #a1 #cc1 #cd1 #hj1 #adi1 #afi1 #b1 #aia1 #bcc1 #bid1 #cbh4 ,peirce1 ,james ,m41 #b1 #beh4 ,perry1 ,ralph ,barton1 his ,list of ,published ,writings of ,j41 #a1 #add1 #bbc1 #bbd2 mentioned1 #b1 #aba1 #afc1 #bcd1 #bie4 ,perry1 ,thomas ,s41 with ,j4 in ,berlin1 #a1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aac1 #aad1 #aag1 #abd2 mentioned1 #dj n41 #fj1 #ia1 #id1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #acd1 #aea1 #aeg1 #afi1 #b1 #aj4 ,see ,contents4 ,pertz1 ,mrs4 ,emma 7,wilkinson71 #a1 #ace and n4 ,pessimism1 #a1 #bch4 ,peterson1 ,ellis1 #a1 #aff4 ,pflger1 ,dr41 #a1 #aef4 ,phelps1 ,edward ,j41 #b1 #bg n4 ,philippine question1 the1 #b1 #afg1 #afh4 ,philippines1 policy of ,mc,kinley administration concerning1 #b1 #ic1 #id2 duty of ,u4 ,s4 with regard to1 #bhi4 ,philosophical ,club1 ,university of ,california1 ,j4's lectures to1 #b1 #gi4 ,philosophical ,review1 #b1 #bbh4 ,philosophical ,society1 ,j4 refuses to join1 #b1 #afd4 ,philosophy1 ,j4 begins to feel the pull of1 #a1 #ec1 #ed2 difficulties attending teaching of1 in ,american colleges1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,physiological ,psychology1 #a1 #afe1 #aff1 #agi4 ,physiological ,psychology1 ,international ,congress of1 #a1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bij4 ,physiology1 ,j4 attends lectures on1 in ,berlin1 #a1 #aah1 #abj1 #aba2 ,j4's first teaching subject1 #afe4 ,picquart1 ,m4 ,g4 7,dreyfus case71 #b1 #fg1 #ih4 ,piddington1 ,j4 ,g41 #b1 #caa4 ,pierce1 ,george ,w41 #b1 #ad4 ,pillon1 ,franois1 #a1 #bjh1 #bbi1 #bcc1 #cdc1 #b1 #de1 #gi4 ,see ,contents4 ,pillon1 ,mme4 ,franois1 #b1 #gc1 #bjd1 #cch1 #cdc4 ,pinkham1 ,lydia ,e41 the ,venus of ,medicine1 #a1 #bfa and n4 ,piper1 ,mrs4 ,william1 ,j4 quoted on1 #a1 #bbg1 #bbh2 mentioned1 #b1 #bdb1 #caa1 #cai1 #cbj4 ,and see ,hodgson1 ,r4 ,plato1 #a1 #bhc4 ,pluralism1 #a1 #ahf1 #b1 #aee4 ,pluralistic idealism1 #b1 #bb4 ,pollock1 ,sir ,frederick1 #a1 #bbb1 #b1 #aii4 ,pomfret1 ,conn41 #a1 #aec1 #aed4 ,popular ,science ,monthly1 #a1 #aij4 ,porter1 ,noah1 #a1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,porter1 ,samuel1 #a1 #bad4 ,porto ,rico1 #b1 #gd4 ,potter1 ,horatio1 #a1 #ei4 ,powderly1 ,terence ,v41 #a1 #bhd4 ,pragmatism1 and radical empiricism1 distinction between1 #b1 #bfg2 disadvantages of the word as a title1 #bga1 #bie1 #bih4 ,prague1 #a1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac4 ,pratt1 ,james ,b41 ,j4's replies to his questionnaire on religious belief1 #b1 #bab-bae4 ,pratt1 ,m41 #b1 #bjd4 ,prince1 ,william ,h41 #a1 #cg1 #ci1 #db1 #dd4 ,prince1 ,mrs4 ,william ,h4 7,katharine ,james71 #a1 #db4 ,see ,contents4 ,princeton ,theological ,seminary1 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 at1 #a1 #h4 ,pringle-,pattison1 ,a4 ,s41 #b1 #cbe1 #cbf4 ,and see ,seth1 ,andrew4 ,profession1 choice of1 #a1 #ge1 #gi1 #abc4 ,prussia1 political conditions in 7#ahfg71 #a1 #ie2 and ,france1 #ie4 ,prussians1 #a1 #abb4 ,psychic phenomena1 investigated by ,j4 and ,palmer1 #a1 #bbe ff42 mentioned1 #bdh1 #bej1 #cje1 #cjf1 #b1 #ef1 #bhg1 #cbj4 ,psychical ,research1 ,american ,society for1 ,j4 active in organizing1 #a1 #bbg2 amalgamated with ,english ,society1 #bbg2 ,j4 on its function1 #bdi1 #bej1 #b1 #bdb1 #bhf1 #cjf4 ,psychical ,research1 ,english ,society for1 founded1 #a1 #bbg2 ,j4 a corresponding member1 vice-president1 and president of1 #bbg1 #bbi n41 #bdh4 ,psychologists1 ,american ,association of1 #b1 #bj4 ,psychology1 ,j4 begins to read on1 #a1 #aah1 #aai2 ,j4 gives course in1 #agi2 ,j4 helps to make it a modern science1 #bbd1 #bbe2 a nasty little subject1 #b1 #b4 ,psychology1 ,experimental1 in ,u4 ,s41 ,history of1 #a1 #agi n4 ,psychology1 ,physiological4 ,see ,physiological ,psychology4 ,putnam1 ,charles ,p41 #a1 #ga1 #aie1 #aif1 #cbg1 #b1 #bif4 ,putnam1 ,frederick ,w41 #a1 #ca4 ,putnam1 ,george1 #b1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ,putnam1 ,james ,j41 letter to ,j4 on ,medical ,license bill1 #b1 #gb n42 mentioned1 #a1 #ga1 #afh1 #aie1 #aif1 #b1 #aab1 #abh1 #adg1 #bdi4 ,see ,contents4 ,putnam1 ,marian 7,mrs4 ,james ,j471 #b1 #bdi4 ,quincy1 ,henry ,p41 #a1 #gg1 #abb4 ,radcliffe ,college1 #b1 #d1 #bd1 #ahj n41 #aha4 ,radcliffe ,college1 ,j4's class at4 ,see ,contents4 ,radical ,empiricism and pragmatism1 distinction between1 #b1 #bfg2 mentioned1 #bjc1 #bjd4 ,rafael ,sanzio1 the ,sistine ,madonna1 #a1 #ij4 ,raffaello1 ,florentine cook1 #a1 #cci1 #cda4 ,rankin1 ,henry ,w41 #b1 #ee4 ,see ,contents4 ,reed1 ,thomas ,b41 #b1 #ej4 ,reid1 ,carveth1 #a1 #bje1 #bbb4 ,religion1 ,j4's views on1 #b1 #fd1 #fe1 #abg1 #adi1 #aej1 #baa ff41 #bfi4 ,renan1 ,ernest1 death of1 #a1 #cbf2 mentioned1 #aaj1 #b1 #abc1 #cch4 ,renouvier1 ,charles1 the ,anne #ahfg ,philosophique1 #a1 #ach1 #ahf2 influence on ,j4 of his writings on free will1 #adg1 #afi2 ,j4's first acquaintance with his work1 #ahf2 ,j4's correspondence with1 #ahf2 translates some of ,j4's papers1 #ahf2 his articles on ,fouille1 #bca2 ,principes de la ,nature1 #ccd2 his ,philosophy of ,history1 #b1 #dd1 #dg2 his death1 #bjd2 ,monadologie and ,personalisme1 #bjd2 mentioned1 #a1 #ach1 #bje4 ,see ,contents4 ,republican ,party1 the1 in #ahii1 #b1 #id4 ,reverdin1 ,m41 #b1 #bfg4 ,rhea1 ,jannet1 #a1 #d n4 ,rhea1 ,matthew1 #a1 #d n4 ,rhodes1 ,james ,f41 ,history of the ,u4 ,s41 #b1 #bg n42 mentioned1 #aj4 ,richet1 ,charles1 #a1 #bbi n41 #b1 #aad1 #bbe4 ,richter1 ,jean ,paul1 #a1 #ada4 ,rindge1 ,frederick ,h41 #a1 #ccj1 #b1 #ci4 ,rio de ,janeiro1 #a1 #eh ff4 ,risks1 choice of1 #b1 #di1 #ej4 ,ritter1 ,charles1 #a1 #bc1 #b1 #be1 #ee4 ,robertson1 ,alexander1 #a1 #h1 #i4 ,robertson1 ,g4 ,croom1 editor of ,mind1 #a1 #bbb1 #bed4 ,see ,contents4 ,robeson1 ,andrew ,r41 #a1 #cc4 ,romanism and ,anglicanism1 #b1 #cje4 ,romanticism1 #a1 #bef4 ,rome1 ,philosophical ,congress at1 #b1 #bbe ff41 #bbh2 mentioned1 #a1 #agh1 #ahj1 #b1 #ach1 #aci1 #bfi4 ,roosevelt1 ,theodore1 as possible ,president of ,harvard1 #b1 #bcb and n42 mentioned1 #id1 #bff4 ,ropes1 ,john ,c41 death of1 #b1 #ajh1 #aji2 mentioned1 #a1 #ce1 #b1 #aj1 #aef4 ,rosmini-,serbati1 ,antonio1 #a1 #bie4 ,rousseau1 ,jean-,jacques1 #a1 #adb4 ,royce1 ,josiah1 early life1 #a1 #bjj1 #bja2 quoted1 on his first acquaintance with ,j41 #bjj1 #bja2 brought to ,harvard through ,j4's influence1 #bja2 his ,religious ,aspect of ,philosophy1 #bci1 #bdb1 #bfe2 a perfect little ,socrates1 #bdi2 made professor1 #ccb2 and ,j41 as teachers1 compared by ,miller1 #b1 #af2 the ,rubens of philosophy1 #hf2 ,the ,world and the ,individual1 #aac and n41 #aad1 #aaf1 #aba and n42 his system1 #aad2 a sketcher in philosophy1 #aad1 #aaf2 mentioned1 #a1 #bch1 #bci1 #bee1 #bfb1 #bhj1 #bia1 #cah1 #cdg1 #b1 #ah1 #abb1 #adc1 #baf1 #bcd1 #cba1 #cbb4 ,see ,contents4 ,ruskin1 ,john1 his letters to ,c4 ,e4 ,norton1 #b1 #bjf1 #bjg2 characterized by ,j41 #bjf2 ,modern ,painters1 #bjf2 mentioned1 #a1 #bbj1 #b1 #cjf4 ,rye 7,england71 #b1 #ajd4 ,and see ,lamb ,house4 ,sabatier1 ,paul1 #b1 #adb4 ,st4 ,gaudens1 ,augustus1 his monument to ,r4 ,g4 ,shaw unveiled1 #b1 #ei-fa4 ,st4 ,louis1 hurricane at1 #b1 #ce1 #cf4 ,st4 ,louis ,exposition 7#aijd71 #b1 #baf4 ,sainte-,beuve1 ,c4 ,a41 #a1 #adb4 ,salisbury1 ,robert ,cecil1 ,marquis of1 #b1 #bg4 ,salter1 ,c4 ,c41 #a1 #ea4 ,salter1 ,w4 ,m41 #a1 #bdh1 #cdf1 #b1 #ig4 ,see ,contents4 ,salter1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,m4 7,mary ,gibbens71 #a1 #bdh4 ,san ,francisco1 earthquake at1 #b1 #bdf ff41 #bea1 #bef2 mentioned1 #hj1 #ha4 ,sanctis1 ,professor di1 #b1 #bbe4 ,sand1 ,george1 and ,a4 de ,musset1 #b1 #fc2 mentioned1 #a1 #ajf1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,santayana1 ,george1 ,interpretations of ,poetry and ,religion1 #b1 #abb-abd2 ,life of ,reason1 #bcd1 #bce2 mentioned1 #a1 #cce1 #b1 #ad1 #aba1 #bbe4 ,see ,contents4 ,sardou1 ,victorien1 ,agnes1 #a1 #afh4 ,sargent1 ,epes1 ,planchette1 reviewed by ,j41 #a1 #bbe n4 ,sargent1 ,john ,s41 #a1 #cjc4 ,saturday ,club1 ,early ,years of the4 ,see ,emerson1 ,edward ,w4 ,saxons1 the1 #a1 #hf4 ,scenery1 part played by1 in ,j4's spiritual experience1 #b1 #agd1 #age4 ,schelling1 ,friedrich ,w4 ,j4 von1 #a1 #ad4 ,schiller1 ,f4 ,c4 ,s41 his article on ,j4 in ,mind1 #b1 #fe1 #ff2 ,studies in ,humanism1 #bgj2 mentioned1 #agb1 #ahf n41 #bjh1 #bcj1 #beg1 #bfg1 #bif1 #cjj1 #caa1 #cac1 #cad1 #ccg4 ,see ,contents4 ,schiller1 ,j4 ,c4 ,friedrich von1 #a1 #ia1 #ada1 #bjb4 ,schinz1 ,herr1 #b1 #ccg4 ,schlegel1 ,august ,w4 von1 #a1 #ada4 ,schlegel1 ,karl ,w4 ,f4 von1 #a1 #ada4 ,schmidt1 ,heinrich ,j41 ,history of ,german ,literature1 #a1 #ada4 ,schopenhauer1 ,arthur1 #a1 #aia1 #b1 #bic4 ,schott1 ,dr4 7,nauheim71 #b1 #abd1 #abh1 #acd1 #aeg4 ,schurman1 ,jacob ,g41 #a1 #ccd1 #b1 #aff4 ,scotland1 ,j4 strongly attracted by1 #a1 #bhf4 ,scott1 ,sir ,walter1 his ,journal1 #a1 #cji4 ,scripture1 ,edward ,w41 #a1 #ccd4 ,scudder1 ,samuel ,h41 #a1 #ca4 ,sea1 ,j4's views of traveling by1 #a1 #eh4 ,seals1 trained1 #a1 #bgh4 ,scretan1 ,charles1 #a1 #cbd4 ,sedgwick1 ,arthur ,g41 #a1 #cbj and n41 #b1 #aj4 ,sedgwick1 ,lucy 7,mrs4 ,arthur ,g471 #a1 #cbj and n4 ,sedgwick1 ,sara1 #a1 #gf and n4 ,and see ,darwin1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,e4 ,sedgwick1 ,theodora1 #a1 #aha1 #bia1 #cae1 #cag1 #cbh1 #cca1 #b1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aia1 #bjj1 #bjg1 #cjh4 ,see ,contents4 ,selberg1 a swell young ,jew1 #a1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae4 ,semler1 ,dr41 #a1 #hg4 ,seth1 ,andrew1 #b1 #if1 #aaf1 #add4 ,and see ,pringle-,pattison1 ,a4 ,s4 ,seth1 ,james1 #b1 #add4 ,shakespeare3 ,h4 ,grimm on ,hamlet1 #a1 #aaa2 ,as ,you ,like ,it1 #add n41 #aij2 at ,stratford1 #b1 #aff2 mentioned1 #ccj1 #cce1 #ccf4 ,shaler1 ,nathaniel ,s41 quoted1 on ,j4 ,wyman1 #a1 #dh2 ,the ,individual1 #b1 #aec and n41 #aed2 ,autobiography1 #cbe2 mentioned1 #a1 #ca1 #b1 #beh1 #bhh4 ,see ,contents4 ,shaw1 ,g4 ,bernard1 ,csar and ,cleopatra1 #b1 #bfc2 mentioned1 #ccj4 ,shaw1 ,robert ,g41 unveiling of ,st4 ,gaudens's monument to1 #b1 #ei-fa2 mentioned1 #a1 #dc4 ,sherman1 ,william ,t41 #a1 #ef1 #eg4 ,sidgwick1 ,henry1 ,lecture against ,lecturing1 #b1 #ab2 death of1 #ada2 mentioned1 #a1 #bbi n41 #bhg1 #bij1 #cde1 #b1 #ej1 #aef4 ,slattery1 ,charles ,l4 ,see ,contents4 ,smith1 ,adam1 #a1 #bhc4 ,smith1 ,norman ,k4 ,see ,contents4 ,smith1 ,paulina ,c41 #b1 #ajf4 ,smith1 ,pearsall1 #a1 #bhg4 ,snow1 ,william ,f41 quoted1 on ,j4 and the ,san ,francisco earthquake1 #b1 #bdg n4 ,snow1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,f41 #b1 #bdf4 ,society for ,psychical ,research4 ,see ,psychical ,research1 ,society for4 ,solomons1 ,leon ,m41 death of1 #b1 #aai2 his character and work1 #aai1 #abj4 ,sorbonne1 the1 ,j4 declines appointment as exchange professor at1 #b1 #bcf and n4 ,sorrento1 to ,amalfi1 #b1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,spain1 misrule of1 in ,cuba1 #b1 #gc4 ,spanish ,war1 the1 #b1 #gc1 #gd4 ,spannenberg1 ,frau1 #a1 #he4 ,spectator1 ,the1 #b1 #abf4 ,spelling reform1 ,j4's attitude toward1 #b1 #ah1 #ai4 ,spencer1 ,herbert1 ,psychology1 #a1 #ahh2 ,data of ,ethics1 #bfd2 mentioned1 #adc1 #afd1 #aia1 #bed4 ,spinoza1 ,baruch1 #a1 #bhc1 #b1 #ac4 ,spirit-theory1 the4 ,see ,psychic phenomena4 ,spiritualism4 ,see ,psychic phenomena4 ,spiritualists1 and the ,medical ,license bill1 #b1 #fh4 ,springfield ,republican1 #b1 #abe4 ,stanford1 ,leland1 #b1 #bdb1 #bdd4 ,stanford1 ,mrs4 ,leland1 #a1 #bdb1 #bdd4 ,stanford1 ,leland1 ,jr41#a1 #bdc4 ,stanford ,university1 ,j4's lectures at1 #b1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bdd and n42 a miracle1 #bda2 its history1 #bdb1 #bdc2 what it might be made1 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,stanley1 ,sir ,henry ,m41 #a1 #cjc4 ,stanley1 ,lady1 #a1 #cjc4 ,starbuck1 ,e4 ,d41 ,psychology of ,religion1 #b1 #bag4 ,see ,contents4 ,stead1 ,w4 ,t41 #b1 #bgf1 #bgg4 ,steffens1 ,heinrich1 #a1 #ada4 ,stephen4 ,sir ,james ,fitz-,james1 ,essay on ,spirit-,rapping1 #a1 #cd n4 ,stephen1 ,sir ,leslie1 ,utilitarians1 #b1 #aeb2 his letters1 #agf4 ,steuben1 ,baron von1 #a1 #e4 ,storey1 ,moorfield1 #a1 #aji1 #b1 #aj4 ,see ,contents4 ,stout1 ,g4 ,f41 #b1 #dg1 #fe4 ,strasburg1 #a1 #hf1 #hg4 ,stratford-on-,avon1 and the ,baconian theory1 #b1 #aff4 ,strong1 ,charles ,a41 #b1 #aih1 #bbe1 #bbi1 #bcj1 #bhb1 #bie1 #cja1 #cji1 #caj1 #cae1 #ccg4 ,see ,contents4 ,stumpf1 ,carl1 ,tonpsychologie1 #a1 #bff1 #bfg2 mentioned1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac1 #baf1 #bhi4 ,see ,contents4 ,sturgis1 ,james1 #a1 #ahd4 ,style in philosophic writing1 #b1 #bag1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bcg1 #bdd1 #bde1 #beg1 #bgb1 #bha1 #cjj4 ,subjectivism1 tendency to1 #a1 #bdi4 ,subliminal1 ,problem of the1 #b1 #ada1 #adi1 #aej1 #bab4 ,success1 worship of1 #b1 #bfj4 ,sully1 ,james1 #b1 #a n41 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bah4 ,see ,contents4 ,supernatural matters4 ,see ,psychic phenomena4 ,suttner1 ,baroness von1 ,waffennieder1 #b1 #cdj4 ,swedenborg1 ,emmanuel1 influence of his works on ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 #a1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad2 ,society of the ,redeemed ,form of ,man1 quoted1 #ab and n42 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior's1 essay on1 #aag2 mentioned1 #b1 #dj4 ,switzerland1 #a1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #cbg1 #cbh1 #ccf4 ,sylvain1 ,mlle41 #b1 #bbd4 ,sylvain1 ,m41 #b1 #bbd4 ,tappan1 ,mary1 #b1 #bjj4 ,see ,contents4 ,tappan1 ,mrs41 #a1 #aah4 ,taylor1 ,a4 ,e41 #b1 #bjh1 #baf1 #bha1 #bhb4 ,temple1 ,ellen1 #a1 #ch1 #ci1 #ea1 #b1 #fa1 #ha4 ,and see ,emmet1 ,mrs4 ,temple4 ,temple1 ,henrietta1 #a1 #ci4 ,temple1 ,katharine1 ,j4's portrait of1 #a1 #bd2 mentioned1 #cf1 #ea1 #gd1 #ge4 ,see ,contents4 ,temple1 ,minny1 the original of two of ,henry ,james's heroines1 #a1 #cf2 ,j4 quoted on1 #cf1 #cg2 her madness1 #ch2 mentioned1 #dc1 #ea1 #gd1 #ge1 #ih4 ,temple1 ,mrs4 ,robert 7,j4's aunt71 #a1 #cf4 ,tennyson1 ,alfred1 ,lord1 #b1 #bgf4 ,teplitz1 #a1 #acc1 #acd1 #acg4 ,thames1 the1 #a1 #bhg4 ,thatness4 ,see ,whatness4 ,thaw1 ,henry1 trial of1 #b1 #bfd4 ,thayer1 ,abbott1 #b1 #bgf4 ,thayer1 ,gerald1 #b1 #bge1 #bgf4 ,thayer1 ,joseph ,henry1 #a1 #cbc4 ,thayer1 ,miriam1 #a1 #cbc4 ,thayer ,expedition4 ,see ,brazil1 ,agassiz's expedition to4 ,thies1 ,louis1 #a1 #ajg1 #aab1 #aeg4 ,thies1 ,miss1 #a1 #aaf4 ,thompson1 ,daniel ,g41 #a1 #bie4 ,tieck1 ,ludwig1 #a1 #ada4 ,tolstoy1 ,leo1 ,war and ,peace1 #b1 #cg1 #dj1 #dh2 and ,p4 ,bourget1 #cg1 #ch2 ,anna ,karenina1 #da1 #dh2 and ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 #caf2 mentioned1 #dd1 #de1 #ea1 #eb1 #fc4 ,torquay1 #b1 #afg4 ,townsend1 ,henry ,e41 #a1 #abb4 ,truth1 the1 obscured by ,american philosophers1 #b1 #bcg1 #bgb1 #ccg4 ,tuck1 ,henry1 #a1 #abb1 #abd4 ,tuckerman1 ,emily1 #b1 #afh4 ,turgenieff1 ,ivan1 #a1 #agg1 #ahb1 #ahe4 ,twain1 ,mark1 #a1 #ccc1 #cda1 #cdb1 #b1 #bfd4 ,tweedie1 ,mrs4 ,edmund1 #a1 #cf4 ,tweedies1 the1 #a1 #aag1 #ahd4 ,tychism1 #b1 #bjd1 #bib4 ,tychistic and pluralistic philosophy of pure experience1 #b1 #ahg4 ,union ,college1 ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 graduates at1 #a1 #h4 ,unitarian ,review1 ,davidson's article in1 #a1 #bcf4 ,unitarianism 7,boston71 the bloodless pallor of1 #a1 #bcf4 ,united ,states1 ,j4's remarks on1 #a1 #baf1 #bag2 and the ,philippines1 #b1 #adj1 #ada2 rushing to wallow in the mire of empire1 #ada2 manner of eating boiled eggs in1 #ahh2 vocalization of people of1 #ahi2 and ,england1 #cjd1 #cje4 ,upham1 ,miss1 #a1 #cd1 #ej4 ,uphues1 #a1 #cde1 #cdf4 ,van ,buren1 ,elly1 #a1 #gj1 #gd1 #ge4 ,van ,rensselaer1 ,stephen1 #a1 #c4 ,venezuela ,message1 ,cleveland's1 #b1 #bf ff4 ,venus de ,milo1 #a1 #aac4 ,verne1 ,jules1 ,tour of the ,world in ,eighty ,days1 #a1 #agc4 ,veronese1 ,paul1 #a1 #ij4 ,verrall1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,w4 ,see ,mediums4 ,vers-chez-les-,blanc1 #a1 #cbj1 #cde1 #b1 #dh4 ,victor ,emmanuel ,,iii1 ,king of ,italy1 #b1 #bbg4 ,victoria1 ,queen1 her ,jubilee1 #a1 #bgj4 ,vienna1 exhibition of ,french paintings at1 #a1 #baj4 ,villari1 ,pasquale1 #a1 #cch1 #cci1 #cdb4 ,villari1 ,mrs41 #a1 #cch1 #cci1 #cdb4 ,vincent1 ,george ,e41 #b1 #da1 #db4 ,virchow1 ,rudolf1 #a1 #gb4 ,vischer1 ,f4 ,t41 ,essays1 #a1 #id2 ,aesthetik1 #id4 ,viti1 ,signor da1 #b1 #bbg4 ,vivekananda1 #b1 #add4 ,voltaire1 #a1 #add n4 ,vulpian1 ,a41 #a1 #aef4 ,walcott1 ,henry ,p41 #a1 #cdg1 #b1 #aj4 ,waldstein1 ,charles1 #a1 #bgd1 #b1 #bbd4 ,see ,contents4 ,walsh1 ,catherine 7,j4's ',aunt ,kate'71 #a1 #da1 #ea1 #fj1 #fa1 #gj1 #hj1 #ha1 #aad1 #aah1 #ahc1 #bah1 #bei1 #bhj1 #bhb1 #bhe4 ,walsh1 ,hugh1 #a1 #h4 ,walsh1 ,rev4 ,hugh1 #a1 #h n4 ,walsh1 ,james 7,j4's maternal grandfather71 #a1 #h4 ,walsh1 ,mary1 marries ,h4 ,james1 ,senior1 #a1 #h2 her ancestry1 #h1 #i4 ,and see ,james1 ,mrs4 ,william4 ,walsh1 ,mrs4 ,mary 7,robertson71 #a1 #h4 ,walston1 ,sir ,charles4 ,see ,waldstein1 ,charles4 ,wambaugh1 ,eugene1 #b1 #acb4 ,ward1 ,james1 #b1 #cab1 #cac1 #cad1 #cae4 ,ward1 ,samuel1 #a1 #gc4 ,ward1 ,thomas ,w41 on the ,brazilian expedition1 #a1 #ei1 #fj1 #fe2 mentioned1 #cc4 ,see ,contents4 ,ward1 ,dorothy1 #b1 #aff4 ,ware1 ,william ,r41 #a1 #abd1 #aec4 ,waring1 ,daisy1 #b1 #bjb4 ,waring1 ,george ,e41 quoted1 on ,henry ,james1 #a1 #ahd1 #ahe4 ,warner1 ,joseph ,b41 #b1 #afj1 #bcc4 ,warren1 ,w4 ,r41 #b1 #bcc4 ,washington1 ,booker ,t41 ,up from ,slavery1 #b1 #adh2 mentioned1 #fj1 #fa4 ,washington1 ,mrs4 ,booker ,t41 at ,ashfield1 #b1 #aii4 ,washington1 ,george1 #a1 #e1 #bgg4 ,washington1 ,state of1 forest fires in1 #b1 #hj4 ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 ,utopia1 #b1 #bcj1 #bca2 ,anticipations1 #bca2 ,mankind in the ,making1 #bca2 ,j4's appreciation of1 #bca2 ,kipps1 #bda2 ,two ,studies in ,disappointment1 #bei1 #bfj2 ,first and ,last ,things1 #caf2 the ,tolstoy of the ,english ,world1 #caf2 mentioned1 #bdf1 #beg1 #cah4 ,see ,contents4 ,werner1 ,g41 #b1 #bdb4 ,whatness and thatness1 #a1 #bdd1 #bde4 ,white man's burden1 cant about the1 #b1 #hh4 ,whitman1 ,henry1 death of1 #b1 #aef2 mentioned1 #a1 #bih1 #cjb4 ,whitman1 ,sarah 7,mrs4 ,henry71 her character and accomplishments1 #a1 #cjb1 #b1 #bje1 #bjf2 last illness and death1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bjg2 mentioned1 #a1 #cji n41 #cdh1 #b1 #aef1 #bef4 ,see ,contents4 ,whitman1 ,walt1 #b1 #abc4 ,whole1 ,idolatry of the1 #a1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,wilkinson1 ,emma4 ,see ,pertz1 ,mrs4 ,emma4 ,wilkinson1 ,j4 ,j4 ,garth1 #a1 #ace n4 ,william ,,ii of ,germany1 his message to ,kruger1 #b1 #bg1 #bh4 ,wilmarth1 ,mrs41 #b1 #ej4 ,witmer1 ,lightner1 #b1 #cbj4 ,wolff1 ,christian1 #a1 #bfd4 ,woodberry1 ,george ,e41 ,the ,heart of ,man4 #b1 #hi1 #ij4 ,woodbridge1 ,f4 ,j4 ,e41 ,journal1 #b1 #bdd4 ,see ,contents4 ,worcester1 ,elwood1 ,the ,living ,world1 #b1 #cah4 ,wordsworth1 ,w41 ,the ,excursion1 #a1 #afh1 #afi4 ,wright1 ,chauncy1 and ,j41 #a1 #aeb n42 mentioned1 #b1 #bcc4 ,wundt1 ,wilhelm ,m41 as a type of the ,german professor1 #a1 #bfc2 his ,system1 #ccc2 mentioned1 #aai1 #bae1 #baf1 #bbd1 #bfd1 #bie1 #b1 #cba4 ,wyman1 ,jeffries1 influence as a teacher1 #a1 #dg2 ,c4 ,w4 ,eliot and ,n4 ,s4 ,shaler quoted on1 #dg1 #dh2 ,j4 quoted on1 #dh1 #di2 mentioned1 #ce1 #cg1 #ej1 #ga1 #gb1 #aej1 #aee1 #afj1 #afc1 #agj4 ,yale ,university1 #a1 #bca4 ,yankees1 a ,german lady's idea of1 #a1 #hi1 #ij4 ,yoga practices1 #b1 #beb ff4 ,yosemite ,valley1 #b1 #ha4 ,zennig's restaurant 7,berlin71 #a1 #aab1 #aac4 ,zion's ,herald1 ,emerson number of1 #b1 #aig4 ,zola1 mile1 ,germinal1 #a1 #bhg2 mentioned1 #b1 #fg1 #gc4 ,,mcgrath-,,sherrill ,,press ,,graphic ,,arts ,,bldg4 ,,boston 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following typographical errors have been corrected by the etext transcriber3 mutally encouragingmutually encouraging ,malvida von ,meysenbug1 ,stuttgart1 #ahgg,malwida von ,meysenbug1 ,stuttgart1 #ahgg ,meysenbug1 ,malvida von1 ,memoiren einer ,idealistin,meysenbug1 ,malwida von1 ,memoiren einer ,idealistin ,rome eems to beat,rome seems to beat ,qu'on est bien dans e fauteuil,qu'on est bien dans ce fauteuil 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 #a ,it seems to me that psychology is like physics before ,galileo's time--not a single elementary law yet caught a glimpse of4 ,a great chance for some future psychologue to make a greater name than ,newton's2 but who then will read the books of this generation8 ,not many1 ,i trow4 ,meanwhile they must be written4 ,to ,james ,sully1 ,july #h1 #ahij4 #b ,president ,eliot1 in a memorandum already referred to 7vol4 #a1 p4 #cb1 note71 calls attention to these courses and remarks3 ,these frequent changes were highly characteristic of ,james's whole career as a teacher4 ,he changed topics1 textbooks and methods frequently1 thus utilizing his own wide range of reading and interest and his own progress in philosophy1 and experimenting from year to year on the mutual contacts and relations with his students4 ,james continued to be titular ,professor of ,psychology until #ahig1 just as he had been nominally ,assistant ,professor of ,physiology for several years during which the original and important part of his teaching was psychological4 ,his title never indicated exactly what he was teaching4 #c ,at this meeting he delivered a presidential address ,on the ,knowing of ,things ,together1 a part of which is reprinted in ,the ,meaning of ,truth1 p4 #dc1 under the title1 ,the ,tigers in ,india4 ,vide1 also1 ,collected ,essays and ,reviews4 #d ,in a brief letter to the ,harvard ,crimson 7,jan4 #i1 #ahif71 ,james urged the right and duty of individuals to stand up for their opinions publicly during such crises1 even though in opposition to the administration4 ,mr4 ,rhodes1 in his ,history of the ,united ,states1 #ahgg-ahif1 makes the following observation3 ,cleveland1 in his chapter on the ',venezuelan ,boundary ,controversy1' rates the un-,americans who lauded 'the extreme forbearance and kindness of ,england4' 444 ,the reference 444 need trouble no one who allows himself to be guided by two of ,cleveland's trusted servants and friends4 ,thomas ,f4 ,bayard1 ,secretary of ,state during the first administration1 and actual ambassador to ,great ,britain1 wrote in a private letter on ,may #be1 #ahie1 ',there is no question now open between the ,united ,states and ,great ,britain that needs any but frank1 amicable and just treatment4' ,edward ,j4 ,phelps1 his first minister to ,england1 in a public address on ,march #cj1 #ahif1 condemned emphatically the ,president's ,venezuela policy4 ,see ,rhodes1 ,history1 vol4 ,,viii1 p4 #ded2 also p4 #ddc et seq4 #e ,the ,evolution of the ,summer ,resort4 #f ,address of the ,president before the ,society for ,psychical ,research4 ,proc4 of the 7,eng47 ,soc4 for ,psych4 ,res4 #ahif1 vol4 ,,xii1 pp4 #b-aj2 also in ,science1 #ahif1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #hha-hhh4 #g ,from the last paragraph of ,cleveland's ,venezuela message4 #h ,in #aiaj--;during his final illness1 in fact--,james fulfilled this promise4 ,see ,a ,pluralistic ,mystic1 included in ,memories and ,studies2 also letter of ,june #be1 #aiaj1 p4 #cdh infra4 #i ,cf4 ,william ,james's unsigned review of ,blood's ,ansthetic ,revelation in the ,atlantic ,monthly1 #ahgd1 vol4 ,,xxxiv1 p4 #fbg4 #aj ,james always did a reasonable share of college committee work1 especially for the committee of his own department4 ,but although he had exercised a determining influence in the selection of every member of the ,philosophical ,department who contributed to its fame in his time 7except ,professor ,palmer1 who was his senior in service71 he never consented to be chairman of the ,department4 ,he attended the weekly meetings of the whole ,faculty for any business in which he was concerned2 otherwise irregularly4 ,he spoke seldom in ,faculty4 ,occasionally he served on special committees4 ,he usually formed an opinion of his own quite quickly1 but his habitual tolerance in matters of judgment showed itself in good-natured patience with discussion--this despite the fact that he often chafed at the amount of time consumed4 ,now although ,i happen accidentally to have been on all the committees which have had to do with the proposed reform1 and have listened to the interminable ,faculty debates last winter1 ,i disclaim all powers or right to speak in the name of the majority4 ,members of our dear ,faculty have a way of discovering reasons fitted exclusively for their idiosyncratic use1 and though voting with their neighbors1 will often do so on incommunicable grounds4 ,this is doubtless the effect of much learning upon originally ingenious minds2 and the result is that the abundance of different points and aspects which a simple question ends by presenting1 after a long ,faculty discussion1 beggars both calculation beforehand and enumeration after the fact4--,the ,proposed ,shortening of the ,college ,course4 ,harvard ,monthly1 ,jan41 #ahia4 #a ,i loved ,child more than any man ,i know4 ,sept4 #ab1 '#if4 #aa ,eight lectures on ,abnormal ,mental ,states were delivered at the ,lowell ,institute in ,boston1 but were never published4 ,their several titles were ,dreams and ,hypnotism1 ,hysteria1 ,automatisms1 ,multiple ,personality1 ,demoniacal ,possession1 ,witchcraft1 ,degeneration1 ,genius4 ,in a letter to ,professor ,howison 7,apr4 #e1 #ahig7 ,james said1 ,in these lectures ,i did not go into psychical research so-called1 and although the subjects were decidedly morbid1 ,i tried to shape them towards optimistic and hygienic conclusions1 and the audience regarded them as decidedly anti-morbid in their tone4 #ab ,demon ,possession and ,allied ,themes1 by ,john ,c4 ,nevius4 #ac ,the ,will to ,believe and ,other ,essays in ,popular ,philosophy had just appeared4 #ad ,the ,address has been reprinted in ,memories and ,studies4 #ae ,for a short while ,mac,monnies's ,bacchante stood in the court of the ,boston ,public ,library4 #af ,these words were not employed in public1 but were once applied to a well-known professor in a private letter4 #ag ,a full report of the speech made at the ,legislative hearing was printed in the ,banner of ,light1 ,mar4 #ab1 #ahih4 ,the letter to the ,boston ,transcript in #ahid appeared in the issue of ,mar4 #bd4 #ah ,james ,j4 ,putnam to ,william ,james ,,boston1 ,mar4 #i1 #ahih4 ,,dear ,,william1--,we have thought and talked a good deal about the subject of your speech in the course of the last week4 ,i prepared with infinite labor a letter intended for the ,transcript of last ,saturday1 but it was not a weighty contribution and ,i am rather glad it was too late to get in4 ,i think it is generally felt among the best doctors that your position was the liberal one1 and that it would be a mistake to try to exact an examination of the mind-healers and ,christian ,scientists4 ,on the other hand1 ,i am afraid most of the doctors1 even including myself1 do not have any great feeling of fondness for them1 and we are more in the way of seeing the fanatical spirit in which they proceed and the harm that they sometimes do than you are4 ,of course they do also good things which would remain otherwise not done1 and that is the important point1 and sincere fanatics are almost always1 and in this case ,i think certainly1 of real value4 ,always affectionately1 ,,james ,j4 ,p4 #ai ,that is1 there was here no path to follow1 only blazes on the trees4 #bj ,the housekeeper at the ,putnam-,bowditch shanty4 #ba ,photograph of a boy and girl standing on a rock which hangs dizzily over a great precipice above the ,yosemite ,valley4 #bb ,g4 ,e4 ,woodberry3 ,the ,heart of ,man2 #ahii4 #bc ,james's house was number #ie1 his mother-in-law's number #ajg4 #bd ,augusta was the house-maid2 ,dinah1 a bull-terrier4 #be ,it will be recalled that ,davidson had a summer ,school of ,philosophy at his place called ,glenmore on ,east ,hill1 and that ,east ,hill is at one end of ,keene ,valley4 ,see also ,james's essay on ,thomas ,davidson1 ,a ,knight ,errant of the ,intellectual ,life1 in ,memories and ,studies4 #bf ,a gift which provided for building the ,harvard ,union4 #bg ,you have never spent a night under our roof1 or eaten a meal in our house6 ,this fictitious charge had become the recognized theme of frequent elaborations4 #bh ,the ,world and the ,individual1 vol4 ,i4 ,mrs4 ,evans was inclined to contend for ,royce's philosophy4 #bi ,the name of an ,american claret which his correspondent had discovered and in which it also pleased ,james to find merit4 #cj ,the second volume of ,the ,world and the ,individual4 7,gifford ,lectures at the ,university of ,aberdeen47 #ca ,interpretations of ,poetry and ,religion4 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 #cb ,memoiren einer ,idealistin1 by ,malwida von ,meysenbug1 ,stuttgart1 #ahgg4 #cc ,recollections of ,my ,mother ,anne ,jean ,lyman1 by ,susan ,i4 ,lesley1 ,boston1 #ahhf4 #cd ,sister ,nivedita4 #ce ,booker ,t4 ,washington's ,up from ,slavery4 #cf ,frederick ,myers's ,services to ,psychology4 ,reprinted in ,memories and ,studies4 #cg ,the ,individual1 ,a ,study of ,life and ,death4 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 ,this letter is reproduced from the ,autobiography of ,n4 ,s4 ,shaler1 where it has already been published4 #ch ,mrs4 ,o4 ,w4 ,holmes had used the following translation of an epitaph in the ,greek ,anthology3-- ,a shipwrecked sailor buried on this coast ,bids thee take sail4 ,full many a gallant ship1 when we were lost1 ,weathered the gale4 #ci ,and base things of the world and things which are despised hath ,god chosen1 yes1 and things which are not1 to bring to naught things that are4 #dj ,kitchen4 #da ,although ,james had received the usual hint that ,harvard intended to confer an honorary degree upon him1 he had absented himself from both the honors and fatigues of ,commencement time4 ,the next year he was present1 and the ,,ll4,d4 was conferred4 #db ,i have been re-reading ,bergson's books1 and nothing that ,i have read in years has so excited and stimulated my thought4 ,four years ago ,i couldn't understand him at all1 though ,i felt his power4 ,i am sure that that philosophy has a great future4 ,it breaks through old cadres and brings things into a solution from which new crystals can be got4 7,from a letter to ,flournoy1 ,jan4 #bg1 #aijb47 #dc ,the ,ingersoll ,lecture on ,human ,immortality4 #dd ,there had been a celebration of ,mrs4 ,agassiz's eightieth birthday at ,radcliffe ,college1 of which she was ,president4 #de ,on the ,amazon in #ahfe-ff4 #df ,an #h-page ,syllabus printed for the use of his students in the course on the ,philosophy of ,nature which ,james was giving during the first half of the college year4 #dg ,human ,personality and its ,survival of ,bodily ,death1 by ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers4 #dh ,the piles driven into the quicksand are too few for such a structure4 ,but it is essential as a preliminary attempt at methodizing1 and will doubtless keep a very honorable place in history4 ,to ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,schiller1 ,april #h1 #aijc4 #di ,eusapia ,paladino1 the ,italian medium4 ,the physical manifestations which occurred during her trance had excited much discussion4 #ej ,the name of a student-society4 #ea ,the horse4 #eb ,w4 ,e4 ,b4 ,du ,bois3 ,the ,souls of ,black ,folk4 #ec ,these five lectures were delivered at the summer school at ,glenmore1 which ,thomas ,davidson had founded4 ,their subject was ,radical ,empiricism as a ,philosophy2 but they were neither written out nor reported4 #ed ,aristotelian ,society ,proceedings1 vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #hg-aaj4 #ee ,james's answers are printed in italics4 #ef ,how ,two ,minds ,can ,know ,one ,thing1 ,journal of ,philosophy1 ,psychology1 and ,scientific ,methods1 #aije1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #agf4 #eg ,is ,radical ,empiricism ,solipsistic8 ,journal of ,philosophy1 ,psychology1 and ,scientific ,methods1 #aije1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bce4 #eh ,this address1 ,la ,notion de ,conscience1 was printed first in the ,archives de ,psychologie1 #aije1 vol4 ,v1 p4 #a4 ,it will also be found in the ,essays in ,radical ,empiricism4 #ei ,my own desire to see ,roosevelt president here for a limited term of years was quenched by a speech he made at the ,harvard ,union a couple of years ago4 7,to ,d4 ,s4 ,miller1 ,jan4 #b1 #aijh47 #fj ,the ,life of ,reason4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 #fa ,he had been sounded regarding an appointment as ,harvard ,exchange ,lecturer at the ,sorbonne1 and had at first been inclined to accept4 #fb ,busse1 ,leib und ,seele1 ,geist und ,krper2 ,heymans1 ,einfhrung in die ,metaphysik4 #fc ,vide ,letters of ,henry ,james1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dc4 #fd ,also outside 'addresses1' impossible to refuse4 ,damn them6 ,four in this ,hotel in ,san ,francisco where ,i was one of four orators who spoke for two hours on ',reason and ,faith1' before a ,unitarian ,association of ,pacific ,coasters4 ,consequence3 gout on waking this morning6 ,unitarian gout--was such a thing ever heard of8 7,to ,t4 ,s4 ,perry1 ,feb4 #f1 #aijf47 #fe ,dr4 ,snow kindly wrote an account of the afternoon that he spent in ,james's company in the city and it may here be given in part4 ,when ,i met ,professor ,james in ,san ,francisco early in the afternoon of the day of the earthquake1 he was full of questions about my personal feelings and reactions and my observations concerning the conduct and evidences of self-control and fear or other emotions of individuals with whom ,i had been closely thrown1 not only in the medical work which ,i did1 but in the experiences ,i had on the fire-lines in dragging hose and clearing buildings in advance of the dynamiting squads4 ,i described to him an incident concerning a great crowd of people who desired to make a short cut to the open space of a park at a time when there was danger of all of them not getting across before certain buildings were dynamited4 ,several of the city's police had stretched a rope across this street and were volubly and vigorously combating the onrush of the crowd1 using their clubs rather freely4 ,some one cut the rope4 ,at that instant1 a lieutenant of the regular army with three privates appeared to take up guard duty4 ,the lieutenant placed his guard and passed on4 ,the three soldiers immediately began their beat1 dividing the width of the street among themselves4 ,the crowd waited1 breathless1 to see what the leaders of the charge upon the police would now do4 ,one man started to run across the street and was knocked down cleverly by the sentry1 with the butt of his gun4 ,this sentry coolly continued his patrol and the man sat up1 apparently thinking himself wounded1 then scuttled back into the crowd1 drawing from every one a laugh which was evidently with the soldiers4 ,immediately1 the crowd began to melt away and proceed up a side street in the direction laid out for them4 ,in connection with this story ,professor ,james casually mentioned that not long before1 where there were no soldiers or police1 he had run on to a crowd stringing a man to a lamp-post because of his endeavor to rob the body of a woman of some rings4 ,at the time1 ,i did not learn other details of this particular incident1 us ,professor ,james was so full of the many scenes he had witnessed and was particularly intent on gathering from me impressions of what ,i had seen4 ,i suppose he had similarly been gathering observations from others whom he met1 ,an incident which struck me as humorous at the time was that he should have gathered up a box of ,zu-zu gingersnaps1 and1 as ,i recall it1 some small pieces of cheese4 ,i do not now recall his comment on where he had obtained these1 but there was some humorous incident connected with the transaction1 and he was quite happy and of opinion that he was enjoying a nourishing meal4 ,professor ,james told me vividly and in a few words the circumstances of the damage done by the earthquake at ,stanford ,university1 and ,i left him to make arrangements for going down to the ,university that night to provide for my family4 ,as it turned out1 ,professor ,james returned to the campus before ,i did1 and true to his promise thoughtfully hunted up ,mrs4 ,snow and told her that he had seen me and that ,i was alive and well4 #ff ,james had not used a type-writer since the time when his eyes troubled him in the seventies4 ,the machine now had the fascination of a strange toy again4 #fg ,he did mistake1 as ,mr4 ,chesterton's subsequent utterances showed4 #fh ,as to ,jimmy1 vide vol4 ,i1 p4 #cja supra4 #fi ,cf4 pp4 #af1 #ag1 and #bbj supra4 #gj ,dr4 ,miller writes3 ,these four evenings at the ,faculty ,club were singularly interesting occasions4 ,one was a meeting of the ,philosophical ,club of ,new ,york1 whose members1 about a dozen in number1 were of different institutions4 ,the others were impromptu meetings arranged either by members of the ,department of ,philosophy at ,columbia or a wider group4 ,at one of them ,mr4 ,james sat in a literal circle of chairs1 with professors of ,biology1 ,mathematics1 etc41 as well as ,philosophy1 and answered in a particularly friendly and charming way the frank objections of a group that were by no means all opponents4 ,at the close1 when he was thanked for his patience1 he remarked in his humorously disclaiming manner that he was not accustomed to be taken so seriously4 ,privately he remarked how pleasantly such an unaffected1 easy meeting contrasted with a certain formal and august dinner club1 the exaggerated amusement of the diners at each other's jokes1 etc4 #ga ,his resignation did not take effect until the end of the ,academic year1 although his last meeting with the class to which he was giving a half-course1 occurred at the mid-year4 #gb ,la ,notion de ,conscience1 ,archives de ,psychologie1 vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #ag1 ,june1 #aije4 ,later included in ,essays in ,radical ,empiricism4 #gc ,pragmatism's ,conception of ,truth4 ,included in ,selected ,essays and ,reviews4 #gd ,the story of the ,committee for ,mental ,hygiene is interestingly told in ,part ,v of the #dth ,edition of ,c4 ,w4 ,beers's ,a ,mind that ,found ,itself4 ,several letters from ,james are incorporated in the story4 ,vide pp4 #cci and #cdj2 also pp4 #cbj1 #ceb4 #ge ,mrs4 ,james's niece1 ,rosamund ,gregor1 age #f4 #gf ,memories and ,studies1 pp4 #bhf et seq4 #gg ,the reader need hardly be reminded that new meanings and associations have attached themselves to this word in particular4 #gh ,talks to ,teachers1 p4 #bfe4 #gi ,proceedings of 7,english7 ,s4,p4,r41 vol4 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #a-aba4 ,also1 ,proc4 ,american ,s4,p4,r41 vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #dgj4 #hj ,l'volution ,cratrice4 #ha ,a ,word ,more about ,truth1 reprinted in ,collected ,essays and ,reviews4 #hb ,learned public4 #hc ,superficial stuff4 #hd ,the lectures were published as ,a ,pluralistic ,universe4 #he ,new ,york3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co41 #aijh4 #hf ,the ,confidences of a ,psychical ,researcher1 reprinted in ,memories and ,studies under the title ,final ,impressions of a ,psychical ,researcher4 #hg ,by ,frank ,harris2 ,new ,york3 #aiji4 #hh ,see the footnote on p4 #ci supra4