--------------------------------------  
,transcrib]'s ,note4  ,hyph5ation has   
be5 /&>diz$4                            
--------------------------------------  
,,! ,,tomato           ,,! ,,tomato     
,by ,,paul ,,"w        ,pr(essor (      
,vegetable ,crops1 ,cornell ,univ]sity  
,editor ( ,m>ket ,gr[]s ,j\rnal         
,,illu/rat$        ,illu/ration3        
,pr9t]'s ,logo        ,,new ,,york      
,,orange ,,judd ,,publi%+ ,,company1    
,,inc4 #aide           ,,copyright1     
#aidb1 ,,by ,,orange ,,judd ,,publi%+   
,,company1 ,,inc4        ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica  ,?is book
 or any "p !re(1 may n be reproduc$ )\t 
p]mission ( ! publi%]s1 except by a     
review] :o wi%es to quote brief passages
 9 connection ) a review writt5 =       
inclusion 9 a magaz9e or newspap]4      
,copyright ,"u ! ,articles ( !          
,copyright ,conv5tion ( ! ,pan ,am]ican 
,republics & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,augu/ #aa1
 #aiaj  ,illu/ration3 ,,fr$]ick ,j4     
,,prit*>d  #ahgd-aica  ,orig9ator (     

tomato v>ieties ( improv$ type &        
resi/ant to disease           ,,table   
,,( ,,cont5ts       ,,*apt]             
,,page      ,,introduction              
#aa         ,i4 ,,! ,,tomato ,,is ,a    
,,great ,,food ,,& ,,crop ,,plant       
#ac        ,,ii4 ,,*oose ,,! ,,soil ,,& 
,,fe$ ,,! ,,plant                       
#be       ,,iii4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,9 ,,se$    
,,is ,,none ,,too ,,good                
#ch        ,,iv4 ,,/rong ,,plants ,,=   
,,e>ly ,,maturity ,,& ,,heavy ,,crop    
#ec         ,v4 ,,good ,,culture        
,,favors ,,good ,,returns               
#ga        ,,vi4 ,,to ,,tra9 ,,!m ,,up  
,,or ,,let ,,!m ,,spread                
#gi       ,,vii4 ,,! ,,et]nal ,,battle  
,,) ,,insects ,,& ,,diseases            
#he      ,,viii4 ,,skillful ,,sell+     
,,cr[ns ,,! ,,ent]prise                 
#ic        ,,ix4 ,,op]at+ ,,9 ,,! ,,r$  
,,or ,,9 ,,! ,,black                    
#aaf      ,,ref]5ces                    
#aai      ,,index                       
#acc           ,,illu/rations       ,f4 

,j4 ,prit*>d                            
,frontispiece      ,,figure       #a4 ,!
 tomato is ! lead] among gre5h\se       
vegetables      #ai       #b4 ,! tomato 
fl[]                                    
#bb       #c4 ,long section ( tomato    
fl[]                             #bc    
#d4 ,h[ nitrate nitrog5 affects tomato  
gr[?                #bg       #e4       
,effect ( omission ( phosphorus f       
complete f]tiliz] #cc       #f4         
,cultivat+ & side-dress+ tomatoes       
#cf       #g4 ,types ( tomato int]iors  
#dc       #h4 ,! ,e>liana tomato        
#de       #i4 ,m>globe plant            
#dh      #aj4 ,m>globe fruit            
#di      #aa4 ,a good small gre5h\se =  
plant gr[+                 #eh      #ab4
 ,plants = ! e>ly crop                  
#fa      #ac4 ,t9 c prep>$ = s[+ tomato 
se$                   #fd      #ad4     
,plants t h be5 cr[d$ & ov]gr[n         
#fi      #ae4 ,tomatoes prun$ & tra9$ ) 
po/1 wire & tw9e     #hj      #af4 ,f9e 
clu/]s on tra9$ plants                  

#ha      #ag4 ,resi/ance to fus>ium wilt
                               #hg      
#ah4 ,diseases ( ! tomato               
#hi      #ai4 ,pack+ tomatoes on a f>m  
#ii      #bj4 ,a ,cali=nia pack+ h\se   
#aja      #ba4 ,puff9ess is a common    
defect 9 tomatoes                 #ajb  
#bb4 ,! lug box                         
#ajd      #bc4 ,lug boxes z load$ 9 c>  
#aje      #bd4 ,! squ>e braid basket    
#ajf      #be4 ,! ,connecticut half     
bu%el box                          #ajg 
#bf4 ,repack$ tomatoes                  
#ajh      #bg4 ,cellulose film is us$ = 
repack$ tomatoes             #aji       
,,introduction   ,:y %\ld !re be a book 
on tomatoes8 ,! _w is full ( bullet9s ( 
exp]im5t /ations1 ( articles 9          
p]iodicals & ( g5]al books on vegetables
 :i* include discussion ( tomatoes4  ,an
 incomplete set ( tomato bullet9s       
includes ov] #cej docum5ts4 ,_m ( ^! are
 no long] available4 ,_m are ( no great 
value b contribute ?is or t small item4 
,! task ( a book l ?is is to (f] betwe5 

two cov]s1 a summ>y ( :at seem ! mo/    
significant facts & op9ions ab\t ! ?ird 
mo/ important vegetable crop 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4  ,! tomato is "o ( ! mo/ rew>d+ 
crops = ! home g>d54 ,a little space    
yields heavily1 f half a peck to a peck 
p] plant )\t difficulty4 ,x gr[s well   
practically ev]y:]e 9 ! ,/ates1 af=d+   
high nutritional values :e!r us$ fre% or
 cann$4 ,& p d l tomatoes1 :e!r z salad1
 cook$ vegetable1 or condim5t4          
,competition among gr[]s & among        
di/ricts makes ?ree elem5ts necess>y =  
comm]cial success3--quality 9 ! goods1  
economy 9 production1 & effectiv5ess 9  
m>ket+4  ,! gr[] mu/ "k 8 plant1 :at x  
is l & h[ x behaves "u v>i\s conditions 
& treatm5ts4 ,!n1 he ne$s an und]/&+ ( !
 economic factors t surr\nd 8 ent]prise4
  ,conditions 9 v>i\s sections &        
production = v>i\s purposes are s div]se
 t dogmatic /atem5t & g5]al advice are  
preclud$4 ,! aim is r by means (        
available in=mation to help ! read] to  
an und]/&+ t w enable him to answ] 8 own

 que/ions = 8 own conditions & ?is f>   
bett] ?an any broad prescription c\ld   
possibly d4 ,pr9ciples1 possible        
practices & examples ( field programs   
are (f]$ z guides = self-help = home1   
s*ool1 hobby z well z comm]cial         
production4  ,a p]son :o /udies on ?is  
basis w n be ?w>t$ by a sudd5 %ift (    
wea!r or m>ket b w h at h& ! necess>y   
facts & ideas to adju/ 8 plan to *ang$  
conditions4  ,no attempt has be5 made   
t[>d complete citation ( ref]5ce4 ,^?   
giv5 w lead to o!rs mak+ possible a full
 survey ( ! ext5sive lit]ature4         
,! ,tomato           ,i        ,,!      
,,tomato ,,is ,a ,,great ,,food ,,&     
,,crop ,,plant   ,vegetable1 ,fruit or  
,b]ry1--:at is ! tomato8 ,a /&>d qu]y   
?is is & _m an argum5t has rag$ ab\t x4 
,! answ] is easy4 ,x is all ?ree4 ,by   
culture & use1 x is a vegetable2        
botanically x is a fruit & among !      
fruits1 x is a b]ry be+ indehisc5t      
7non-%$d+71 pulpy1 ) "o or m se$s t are 
n /ones4 ,& !y say ! tomato is m truly a

 b]ry ?an ! raspb]ry4  ,b t doesn't make
 mu* diff]5ce4 ,! ?+ t matt]s is t p l !
 tomato4 ,x is easy to gr[ & ne>ly e    
home g>d5 has x4 ,x is good to look     
^u--%apely1 colorful & ( glossy %e54 ,a 
tra9$ s+le /em plant ) rip5+ fruit is a 
g5u9e ornam5t 9 ! g>d54 ,x is mo/       
gratify+ to ! palate1 fre% or cook$2 s(t
 & gra9y1 smoo? & juicy 9 texture1 sweet
 & t>t & ) an appeal+ flavor all ( its  
own t few fail to reli%4 ,z juice or    
cocktail1 add+ color & flavor to s\p1 z 
condim5t or z side di% ) ! entree1 z    
salad fre%ly slic$ or 9 jell1 x is      
welcome ) almo/ e c\rse & "s +5i\s *ef  
or1 m likely1 "s clev] h\sewife w1 "o ( 
^! days1 fa%ion f x ! dess]t supreme4   
,nor h we exhau/$ ! li/ ( =ms 9 :i* !   
tomato may be s]v$4 ,9 addition to its  
simple/ cook$ =m1 /ew$ or turn$ hot f ! 
c1 x may also be bak$1 /uff$ or n1 or x 
may be escallop$ & cook$ ) rice1        
spaghetti or o!r foods4 ,fri$1 be=e     
fully ripe1 & s]v$ ) br[n gravy1 x is   
mo/ popul> 9 _m a home4  ,ket*up or     

catsup is "o ( our mo/ widely us$       
condim5ts & *ili sauce _m l ev5 bett]4  
,gre5 tomato pickles1 *[ *[1 piccalilli 
c>ry ! piquant tang ( ! tomato to enliv5
 ! w9t] table4 ,& tomato juice1 pla9 or 
dress$ up ) spices1 v9eg> or lemon juice
 has become a great /aple ( our         
groc]ies1 a /&>d s5d-(f = any meal f    
breakfa/ snat*$ on ! morn+ spr9t to "w  
on ?r\gh to ! mo/ elaborate ( banquets4 
,! tomato1 by reason ( its natural      
acidity1 is readily /]iliz$ & s c be    
pres]v$ easily 9 glass or t94 ,x ranks  
fir/ among ! big ?ree cann$ vegetables2 
! o!r two be+ sweet corn & peas4 ,by f> 
! great bulk t goes to ! factory is put 
up ) ! addition ( no?+ m ?an salt4 ,9   
addition to ! condim5ts1 puree & pa/e   
are manufactur$ 9 comm]cial quantities4 
,! ,italians dry tomatoes ext5sively 9 !
 sun1 slic+ ! fruits1 & lat] flavor+ !m 
to ta/e = v>i\s w9t] uses4  ,?\gh !     
tomato 0 n recogniz$ z a valuable food  
until ab\t a c5tury ago1 its m]it is n[ 
univ]sally accept$4 ,bob ,adams us$ to  

call x ! poor man's orange = x is ri* 9 
vitam9s & 9 malic & citric acid1        
possess+ besides1 a f9e appetiz+ flavor 
:i* is z truly a value 9 nutrition z x  
is a pleasure4  ,actually1 ! tomato is  
mo/ly wat]1 ( r l[ prote9 & c>bohydrate 
cont5t b ?is does n detract1 = o!r foods
 are dep5dable = ^! /aples ( nutrition &
 mo/ ( u eat too mu* ( !m4  ,! tomato is
 a y\ng/] among ! vegetables4 ,9 contra/
 to ! onion ( ,egyptian lore & ! cucumb]
 reput$ to h be5 us$ 9 ,we/]n ,asia _m  
c5turies ago1 ! tomato is n report$     
until ! h]bali/s ( ! #af? c5tury record$
 its culture 9 ,italy & ,engl&--b )     
little ( ! e/eem n[ accord$4 ,! "n seems
 to be ( ,aztec orig9 & two di/9ct wild 
=ms--"o correspond+ to our *]ry or      
currant v>ieties & ! o!r to our l>g]1   
flatt]1 less regul> fruits ( _m         
cells1--are to be f\nd wild 9 ,lat9     
,am]ica4 ,its ,am]ican orig9 is g5]ally 
accept$4  ,comm]cially1 ! tomato is a   
great crop4 ,among ! vegetables1 x is   
outrank$ only by ! potato & ! sweet     

potato4  ,! foll[+ table gives a few    
figures on ! tomato crop3               
,acres          ,value                  
,?\s&s   ,million doll>s                
#aibi-ch--------------------------------
--                         ,av]age      
#aibi-ch                                
#aiciaidj;,av]age#aiciaidj              
----------------------------------------
------------------------   ,u4,s4 =     
cann+         #cfi     #ceh   #chf      
#ai      #bd    #bd        = fre% m>ket 
#agg     #baj   #bjd    #bd      #cd    
#bi                                     
----------------------------------------
--             ,total          #edf     
#efh   #eij    #dc      #eh    #ec      
----------------------------------------
------------------------------  ,av]age 
yield = m>ket is ab\t #aaf bu%els p]    
acre & ! av]age price #a4bf p] bu%el4 ,!
 gov]nm5t reckons a bu%el at #ec p\nds1 
or ab\t #ch bu%els p] ton4  ,! av]age   
cann]y yield = #aibi-ch 0 #d4ae tons2 = 
#aici1 #e4eh tons2 & #aidj1 #e4ci tons4 

,?is %[s a mat]ial increase4 ,! av]age  
cann]y price = #aibi-ch 0 #ab4ed p] ton4
 ,yields by /ates v>i$ widely 9 #aidj f 
#b4g tons p] acre 9 ,arkansas ) ,indiana
 at #e4e to #g4e 9 ,cali=nia4 ,9        
nor!a/]n /ates1 x is consid]$ t ab\t a  
sev5 ton yield is necess>y = ! f>m] to  
break ev54 ,9 ,new ,york1 x co/s ab\t   
#fj4jj to gr[ an acre ( tomatoes to fir/
 pick+4 ,) a good yield1 pick+ & deliv]y
 co/s ab\t #c4jj a ton4  ,lead+ m>ket   
/ates are ,texas1 #dj1jjj acres2        
,florida1 #ca1jjj & ,cali=nia1 #bb1jjj4 
,tomatoes are gr[n 9 a v l>ge numb] (   
/ates--#bc or #bd /ates %[+ #a1jjj acres
 or m = m>ket4  ,lead+ cann]y /ates are 
,indiana1 #gd1jjj acres2 ,cali=nia1     
#eb1jjj2 ,m>yl&1 #ea1jjj2 & ,new ,j]sey1
 #cc1jjj4 ,cali=nia1 also ,p5nsylvania &
 ,ohio h %[n rec5t l>ge ga9s4  ,l>ge    
quantities gr[n 9 t[n & c\ntry home     
g>d5s are n includ$ 9 ^! figures &      
probably also _m gr[n on small scale =  
m>ket4  ,aft] all1 h[ev]1 ! ,unit$      
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture e/imat$ 

p] capita consumption ( fre% tomatoes at
 #ag4g p\nds1 ab\t "o m$ium siz$ fruit  
p] week p] p]son4 ,consumption ( cann$  
tomatoes is less ?an a ?ird ( ! fre%    
consumption4 ,^! figures include        
e/imates = rural & urban home g>d5s4 ,s1
 we c h>dly be said to be gluttons =    
tomatoes nor ev5 to meet a fair heal?   
/&>d1 ev5 consid]+ all vegetables       
toge!r4 ,aft] all1 x does n h to be     
tomatoes ev5 ?\gh _! high nutritional   
value is recogniz$4  ,illu/ration3      
,,figure #a4--,! tomato is ! lead] among
 gre5h\se vegetables4  ,9 comm]cial     
gre5h\ses1 ! tomato has replac$ lettuce 
z ! pr9cipal crop & x is likely to rema9
 an important "u-glass crop until su* "t
 z ! ,s\? f9ds practical means ( gett+ x
 to m>ket ) fir/-class quality--p]haps1 
h>ve/+ ! fruit :5 x fir/ %[s color4     
,solution ,culture  ,! tomato has be5   
widely us$ 9 exp]im5ts 9                
solution-culture ( plants1 sometimes    
call$ hydroponics4 ,! me?od has be5 9   
use = decades = rese>* purposes1 b has  

be5 widely publiciz$ ( rec5t ye>s z a   
possible me?od ( comm]cial culture4 ,a  
high degree ( control ( factors gov]n+  
gr[? is und]tak5 & difficulties are     
proportionately increas$4 ,h5ce no      
ext5sive comm]cial developm5t has       
occurr$4 ,a good pres5tation ( ! me?od  
has be5 (f]$ by ,hoagl& & ,arnon4#a     
,! ,tomato ,plant  ,to manage a crop1 "o
 mu/ ne$s "k ! plant4 ,to "k ! v>i\s    
*>act]s ( ! tomato helps "o to ma/] its 
culture4  ,! tomato belongs to ! night  
%ade family1 ! ,solanaceae ( ! botani/1 
along ) ! potato1 tobacco1 petunia1     
pepp]1 eggplant1 night %ade1 jimson we$ 
& _m o!r plants useful & noxi\s4  ,!    
tomato is a w>m-season crop1 s5sitive to
 fro/ b reasonably resi/ant to heat &   
dr\ght1 ?riv+ "u a wide range ( climate 
& soil4 ,a fro/ free season (           
sev5ty-five to n9ety days w mature home 
g>d5 tomatoes 9 useful quantities if    
good plants are set b ov] #abj days are 
ne$$ = economical comm]cial production4 
,plant gr[+ requires six to eight weeks 

previ\s to sett+ out-(-doors4 ,ea* fruit
 requires ab\t six weeks f blossom to   
rip5ess4 ,! fruit rip5s be/ = yield1    
color & quality :5 ! wea!r is w>m &     
sunny4 ,l[ temp]atures )\t fro/ are n   
favorable = gr[? & prolong$ conditions (
 ?is sort may *eck ! plant & ret>d !    
response :5 high] temp]atures come4  ,! 
tomato is s5sitive to extreme day-l5g?1 
sett+ fruit at #g to #ai h\rs b n at #e 
or #bd h\rs4#b  ,! tomato responds      
readily to f]tiliz]s & to moi/ure1 com+ 
quickly into vigor\s gr[? aft]          
unfavorable conditions1 unless too badly
 /unt$4  ,z long z moi/ure & nutri5ts   
are available & o!r conditions are      
favorable1 a tomato plant w cont9ue to  
bran* & blossom & make fruit almo/      
indef9itely4 ,a prun$ s+le /em plant 9 a
 gre5h\se at ,cornell once rea*$ a l5g? 
( ov] #dj feet dur+ a ye> & a half (    
gr[?4 ,?us1 x is really a h]bace\s      
p]5nial gr[n 9 nor!rn climates z an     
annual4  ,! plant bran*es freely at leaf
 jo9ts b fruit clu/]s are =m$ along !   

b>e /em1--a habit n common among plants4
 ,"s v>ieties are det]m9ate 9 habit1    
sometimes miscall$ self-prun+1 z bran*es
 only atta9 limit$ l5g?4  ,illu/ration3 
,,figure #b4--,! tomato fl[]4 ,v>ieties 
diff] 9 protrusion ( pi/il beyond ! /am5
 column4 ,if /yle is too %ort1          
poll9ation may fail2 also1 if too long4 
,a long pi/il increases dang] ( damage f
 heat & dry+ out4  ,hot1 dry w9ds (t5   
damage floral p>ts & ! blossoms drop )\t
 sett+ fruit4  ,smi?#c has %[n t poll5  
gra9s g]m9ate be/ at #he deg4 ,f41 almo/
 z well at #gj deg4 ,f41 poorly at #ej  
deg4 ,f4 & v poorly at #ajj deg4 ,f4    
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #c4--,long       
section ( tomato fl[]4  ,! fl[]s ( !    
tomato are borne 9 simple racemes or1 9 
"s v>ieties1 9 comp\nd clu/]s4 ,! fl[]s 
are normally on ! plan ( #e b cultivat$ 
v>ieties may h six or eight sepals &    
petals4 ,sepals are n>r[ & may be z mu* 
z an in* long4 ,petals are unit$ at !   
base4 ,/am5s are unit$ by ! an!rs       
surr\nd+ ! /yle & /igma4 ,! ov>y or     

little tomato is above ! calyx b1 z x   
gr[s1 x c>ries corolla & /am5s outw>d   
until !y1 ) /igma & /yle1 drop (f4 ,l5g?
 ( /yle is a fairly important "* 9 its  
be>+ on poll9ation & on susceptibility  
to heat & w9d injury4         ,se$less  
,fruits  ,rec5t exp]im5ts by sev]al     
work]s h demon/rat$ ! possibilities (   
induc+ developm5t ( fruits )\t          
poll9ation 7p>!noc>py7 by means ( c]ta9 
*emical comp\nds1 notably indolebutyric 
acid1 al?\gh o!rs are effective4#d ,?is 
me?od yields se$less fruits & promises  
to be ( value 9 insur+ a yield ( fruits 
"u conditions unfavorable = natural     
sett+4           ,,ii        ,,*oose ,,!
 ,,soil ,,& ,,fe$ ,,! ,,plant   ,almo/  
any:]e t o!r ?+s w gr[1 ! tomato        
?rives--s f> z soil type is conc]n$4    
,florida gr[s tomatoes on coral soils t 
appe> too poor to produce any useful    
crop4 ,! fields ( ,s\? ,j]sey are v s&y 
b tomatoes d well despite co/ly control 
( moi/ure & f]tility4 ,9 "s cann+       
sections1 clay loams & ev5 clay soils   

are us$4 ,! ideal is a m$ium s&y loam1  
well suppli$ ) humus = good wat] hold+  
capacity4 ,light] soils are g5]ally     
e>li]4 ,tomatoes on dr\?y soils are     
likely to suff] f blossom end rot z well
 z f poor gr[?4 ,good dra9age is        
requir$4 ,muck or peat soils w gr[      
tomatoes b !y are n commonly us$ =      
comm]cial production4  ,lim+ is n       
important = tomatoes ev5 on fairly acid 
soils1 assum+1 ( c\rse1 t ! v small     
actual calcium requirem5t ( ! plant is  
met4 ,?is is g5]ally confirm$ by        
exp]im5ts b x does n preclude ! m]it (  
lime 9 favor+ gre5 manure crops :i*1 9  
turn1 make ! soil m suitable = tomatoes4
  ,! dom9ant elem5t 9 mo/ s\nd tomato   
f]tility programs is phosphorus )       
nitrog5 second & pota% ?ird4            
,recomm5dations ( g5]al application are 
n possible b ea* ne$ mu/ be met be=e o!r
 b5eficial additions c be fully         
effective4  ,9 ! home g>d51 a program t 
keeps up f]tility = o!r crops w suffice 
= tomatoes4 ,9 comm]cial production1    

especially = cann+1 :]e prices receiv$  
are usually l[1 ! program mu/ be neatly 
cut to fit ! soil1 ! crop sy/em1 ! value
 ( ! tomatoes & ! co/s ( mat]ials4 ,a   
cann+ crop 9 ^? sections :]e yields are 
almo/ b\nd to be l[1 w n ju/ify heavy   
inve/m5t 9 f]tiliz]4 ,:]e mu* is sp5t = 
irrigation1 plant gr[+1 /ak+ & prun+1 "o
 _c af=d to curtail ! f]tiliz] inve/m5t 
t w br+ maximum return4  ,illu/ration3  
,,figure #d4--;,h[ nitrate nitrog5      
affects tomato gr[?4 ,plants1 gr[n 9    
qu>tz s&1 ) pl5ty ( o!r nutri5ts1       
receiv$ def9ite am\nts ( nitrate1 9 "o  
application4 ,a#d1 ,none4 ,d#e1 #h      
grams4 ,f#b1 #cb grams4 ,j#d1 #bef      
grams4 ,n#d1 ,soil & manure4 7#a ounce  
ab\t #bh grams74  ,! task ( ?is *apt] is
 n to tell ! gr[] h[ be/ to provide     
f]tiliz] = tomatoes b to help him 9 mak+
 8 own plan = 8 own ne$4 ,rese>* results
 & practical exp]i5ce bo? contribute4   
,"o may well consult neighbors1 c\nty   
ag5t & ext5sion speciali/1 z well z ! _m
 books & bullet9s t are available4      

,nitrog5  ,nitrog5 is v important to    
insure ! gr[? ( v9e )\t :i* a good crop 
may n be expect$4 ,l&s v>y m widely 9   
nitrog5 cont5t ?an 9 phosphorus & pota%4
 ,s&y soils are commonly defici5t 9 ?is 
elem5t & (t5 difficult to keep suppli$4 
,"h lib]al applications are ne$$4 ,up to
 a hundr$ p\nds#e ( actual nitrog5 may  
prove pr(itable :]e o!r conditions      
ju/ify4 ,heavi] soils1 well manag$ &    
manur$ dur+ rotation1 require less      
nitrog5 & fair results may be obta9$ )  
no f]tiliz] :]e inve/m5t mu/ be kept to 
a m9imum4  ,=m ( nitrog5 to be us$ is   
l>gely a matt] ( economy ?\gh nitrate = 
"p ( x may be desirable e>ly 9 ! season 
:5 soil is cold & nitrification sl[4    
,nitrate is desirable = side dress+ b   
ev5 "h ammonia & o!r =ms are n[ consid]$
 suitable :5 ! soil is w>m4             
,failure to ,set ,fruit  ,:y d tomatoes 
sometimes run to v9e ) failure to set   
fruit8 ,?is is an old1 old qu]y &1 s9ce 
#aiah1 has be51 directly or indirectly1 
! occasion ( m rese>* projects ?an any  

o!r horticultural topic4 ,kraus &       
,kraybill#f set ! ball a-roll+ ) a pap] 
:i* call$ att5tion fir/ to ! obs]vations
 ( ,klebs 9 ,g]many 9 :i* he emphasiz$ !
 fact t ext]nal conditions influ5ce     
conditions )9 ! plant :i* 9 turn        
influ5ce p]=mance--a v]itable *a9 (     
causation4 ,kraus & ,kraybill !n        
und]took to relate p]=mance 7vegetative 
gr[? & fruitfulness7 to int]nal         
conditions1 *iefly c>bohydrate & nitrog5
 cont5t ( ! plant tissues4 ,^!1 9 turn1 
7 trac$ back to treatm5ts appli$ to !   
soil4  ,!y sugge/$ f\r comb9ations (    
vegetation & fruitfulness 9 plants z    
foll[s3        #a4 ,non-vegetative &    
non-fruitful4 ,plants ^: c>bohydrate    
supply has be5 cut (f1 say by removal ( 
leaves :i* make       c>bohydrates4 ,^! 
plants 7 l[ 9 c>bohydrate & high       9
 nitrog54        #b4 ,vegetative &      
non-fruitful4 ,^! plants 7 well         
suppli$ ) bo? c>bohydrates & nitrog54   
,!y 7 (       ! sort we describe z hav+ 
run to v9e4        #c4 ,vegetative &    

fruitful4 ,^! plants 7 well suppli$     
) c>bohydrates1 b n s lib]ally suppli$ )
       nitrog51 ?us1 provid+ a balance  
betwe5 ! two t 0       favorable = a    
good crop4        #d4 ,non-vegetative & 
non-fruitful4 ,^! plants _h ample       
opportunity = c>bohydrate mak+1 b 7     
und]f$ )       nitrog5 & s c\ld n p]=m  
well 9 ei!r vegetation or               
fruit-mak+4  ,kraus & ,kraybill conclude
 t !re are c]ta9 balances betwe5 ^! two 
gr\ps ( comp\nds--nitrog5\s &           
c>bohydrate--:i* det]m9e ! nature ( !   
plant's p]=mance--:e!r !re w be too     
little vegetative gr[? to p]mit a crop1 
:e!r ! plants w run to v9e or :e!r !y w 
%[ good gr[? ( bo? foliage & fruit4  ,f 
exp]im5ts 9 ! same field1 us+ def9ite   
am\nts ( nitrate ( soda p] plant1 ,"w#g 
conclud$ t :ile adequate c>bohydrate    
supply is necess>y = fruit+1 excess     
c>bohydrate did n1 9 itself1 occasion   
unfruitfulness b 0 m likely to repres5t 
an accumulation ( mat]ial unus$ by      
reason ( defici5cy 9 "s o!r factor--(t5 

nitrog54  ,x 0 %[n t nitrate ( soda does
 n injure tomatoes until a conc5tration 
9 ! soil is atta9$ :i* is /rong en\gh to
 plasmolyze ! cells1 t is to )draw wat] 
f !m by osmosis4 ,nor 7 a wide v>iety ( 
nitrog5 & moi/ure & manure treatm5ts    
suffici5t to induce ! ,bonny ,be/ v>iety
 to run to v9e4 ,"s v>ieties are subject
 to ?is tr\ble1 mo/ly ( ! l>ge1 late    
types4  ,murneek#h has %[n t !          
fruitfulness ( a plant may greatly      
affect its int]nal condition1 its       
vegetative p]=mance & its lat] sett+ (  
fruit4 ,a heavy load ( develop+ fruit1 )
 limit$ soil res\rces1 t5ds to limit    
gr[? & sett+4 ,removal ( fruit induces  
r5ewal ( vegetative gr[? & ( fruit      
sett+4 ,failure to set fruit favors     
vigor\s v9e gr[?4 ,?is failure may be   
traceable to v>i\s causes4 7#a7 ,to     
damage to floral p>ts z ! bla/+ ( !     
pi/il by heat & dr\?4 ,fl[]s ( "s       
v>ieties %[ t5d5cy t[>d elongation (    
pi/ils ) subsequ5t failure to develop   
normal fruit4 ,smi? & ,h[lett h %[n t   

environm5tal conditions z well z h]$ity 
influ5ce ?is elongation4 7#b7 ,to injury
 by insects z ?rips4 7#c7 ,to ! "* ( !  
v>iety us$1 ! ,bonny gr\p be+ v slightly
 susceptible to failure f ov] fe$+ )    
nitrog5 :ile "s late sorts readily run  
to v9e4 7#d7 ,%ortage ( nutri5t elem5ts 
z nitrog5 or phosphorus or o!rs4 7#e7   
,lack ( adequate light or %ort day4 ,9  
su* cases1 !re may be excess ( nitrog5 =
 curr5t ne$ ) resultant ov]-developm5t (
 leafage4 ,?us1 excess vegetative gr[?  
may be a result z well z a cause ( poor 
sett+4         ,phosphorus  ,f]tiliz]   
exp]im5ts fairly g5]ally po9t to !      
frequ5cy ) :i* phosphorus is ! limit+   
factor among nutri5ts 9 tomato          
production4 ,mac,gillivray#i has /udi$ !
 phosphorus cont5t ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( !   
plant1 conclud+ t ?is elem5t is         
important ?r\gh\t & n alone 9 se$ mak+  
or 9 rapidly gr[+ p>ts z has be5        
believ$4 ,hepl] & ,kraybill#aj f\nd "s  
ye>s ago & o!rs m rec5tly h confirm$ !  
influ5ce ( lib]al phosphorus treatm5ts  

^u e>l9ess4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure     
#e4--;,effect ( omission ( phosphorus f 
complete f]tiliz] 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york4  
,pota%  ,! pota% requirem5t ( ! tomato  
has n be5 z ?or\ghly /udi$ z !          
requirem5t = ! o!r two major elem5ts4 ,x
 is ?\ght t pota% has a "p 9 build+ up  
sug>s into m complex c>bohydrates4  ,!  
cons5sus ( f]tiliz] exp]im5ts sugge/s t 
pota% is less important on mo/ soils ?an
 phosphorus & nitrog5 b t if ^! elem5ts 
are 9 good supply1 increas$ yields f    
pota% are likely4  ,lanham 9 ,texas 0   
unable to f9d a relation betwe5 pota%   
f]tilization & resi/ance to %ipp+       
haz>ds4         ,/able ,manure  ,/able  
manure has long be5 recogniz$ z useful =
 tomatoes4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ bett] 
to apply x to ! prec$+ crop or at lea/ !
 prec$+ fall ?an to use x j be=e sett+ (
 plants4 ,if spr+ application is        
necess>y1 x is bett] to use well rott$  
manure4 ,/able manure is l[ 9           
phosphorus4 ,an approximate /atem5t w\ld
 be t #aj tons ( manure is r\ghly       

equival5t to "o ton ( a #f-c-f f]tiliz]4
 ,?us1 #a1jjj p\nds ( #ah sup]phosphate 
w\ld br+ ! analysis to #f-ab-f :i* w\ld 
be g5]ally reg>d$ z a good balance4  ,a 
rec5t publication#aa f ,p5nsylvania     
emphasizes ! value ( manures & (        
phosphorus4         ,placem5t & ,side   
,dress+  ,rec5t exp]im5ts h %[n !       
desirability ( plac+ f]tiliz] close to b
 n 9 contact ) ! roots ( ! "y plants4   
,:5 newly set & be=e new roots h        
develop$ is ! "t :5 nutri5t mat]ial     
close at h& is ne$$ to give ! plant a   
vigor\s s5d-(f4 ,transplant]s h be5     
devis$ ) atta*m5ts to place ! f]tiliz] 9
 b&s at ea* side ( ! r[ ( tomatoes &    
ab\t two in*es deep4  ,rec5t exp]im5ts1 
notably by ,sayre#ab ( ,new ,york1 h %[n
 ! advantage ( dissolv+ f]tiliz]        
mat]ials 9 ! wat] us$ = transplant+     
tomatoes4 ,"o comb9ation ( mat]ials     
consi/s ( ammo-phos1 #ad-dh1 #b p>ts &  
potassium nitrate1 #a "p4 ,five to eight
 p\nds ( ?is mixture are dissolv$ 9 #ej 
gallons ( wat] & ab\t #a_/d p9t or #a_/b

 cup is appli$ to ea* plant1 usually by 
! transplant+ ma*9e4 ,!re are o!r       
suitable mixtures ( nutri5ts = ?is      
purpose4 ,a v small inve/m5t 9 />t]     
solutions has %[n mat]ial increase 9    
total yield4 ,! practice places         
imm$iately available nutri5ts 9 ! soil  
at ! "t & place to be ( maximum         
usefulness to plants t h be5 sev]ely    
root-prun$ & h n yet _h opportunity to  
rebuild ! root sy/em4  ,illu/ration3    
,c\rtesy ,campbell ,s\p ,co4  ,,figure  
#f4--;,cultivat+ & side-dress+ tomatoes4
  ,ano!r critical /age 9 tomato gr[?    
comes :5 mu* fruit has be5 set 9 !      
clu/]s & dem&s ^u plant & soil are      
especially heavy4 ,at ?is /age1 side    
dress+ ) nitrog5 is helpful 9 ma9ta9+   
plant gr[? & provid+ res\rces = gr[? &  
matur+ ( fruit4 ,on s&y or              
nutri5t-defici5t soils1 m ?an "o side   
dress+ may be advisable4 ,sodium nitrate
 is commonly us$ b o!r mat]ials are     
suitable aft] ! soil has w>m$ up4 ,side 
dress+ ) f]tiliz] 9 solution has be5    

recomm5d$ rec5tly by ,ti$j5s ( ,new     
,j]sey4           ,,iii        ,,! ,,be/
 ,,9 ,,se$ ,,is ,,none ,,too ,,good   ,a
 tomato crop may be mu* poor] ?an ! se$ 
f :i* x gr[s b x c be no bett]4  ,!     
tomato se$ is %ort-oval & flatt5$ 9     
%ape1 cov]$ ?ickly ) %ort silky hairs4  
,! embryo or baby plant is coil$ 9 a    
spiral & imb$d$ 9 ! endosp]m 7res]ve    
food supply74 ,?ree or f\r ye>s is      
g5]ally giv5 z ! life ( ! se$ b x (t5   
rema9s viable mu* long]--up to #aj or   
#ab ye>s 9 extreme cases4 ,good se$ %\ld
 g]m9ate #he to #ij4  ,tomato se$ spr\ts
 readily1 requir+ fairly w>m temp]ature1
 say1 #gj deg4 to #ge deg4 ,f4 = be/    
results4 ,x g]m9ates v sl[ly at #dj deg4
 to #ej deg4 ,f4         ,bre$+  ,be+ a 
major vegetable crop1 ! tomato has      
receiv$ mu* att5tion f plant bre$]s4    
,objectives s\ght include good cann]y   
type1 resi/ance to ! fus>ium wilt & o!r 
diseases1 bett] gre5h\se =ms1 improv$   
g5]al m>ket & home g>d5 sorts1 &        
v>ieties adapt$ = ardu\s conditions su* 

z hot & dry summ]s or v %ort gr[+       
seasons4  ,! tomato is l>gely b n :olly 
self poll9at$ & poll5 is n c>ri$ f>4    
,?us1 x is n difficult to bre$ to       
practically a pure-l9e condition4       
,tomatoes = se$ are usually gr\nd up & !
 se$ & f9e pulp are sep>at$ f ! sk9s &  
co>se mat]ial by scre5+4 ,! juice1 f9e  
pulp & se$s are all[$ to f]m5t f #bd to 
#dh h\rs1 or until ! jelly-l pulp is    
readily wa%$ away4 ,aft] wa%+1 ! se$ is 
dri$ 9 ?9 lay]s & /or$4 ,a bu%el (      
tomatoes may be expect$ to yield #b-a_/b
 to #d ounces ( se$ & an acre (         
tomatoes1 f #ajj to #bbe p\nds4 ,^! v>y 
greatly accord+ to v>ieties &           
conditions4  ,well+ton#ac & o!rs h %[n t
 fir/ g5]ation se$ f crosses ( suitable 
v>ieties %[ a m>k$ increase ( vigor     
7het]osis or hybrid vigor7 ov] ei!r p>5t
 or ov] ! lat] g5]ations4 ,?is fact w\ld
 seem to (f] possibilities 9 practical  
use1 b x has n ?us f> prov$ ( value4    
,selection ,me?ods  ,_m gr[]s f9d x     
pr(itable to save _! own tomato se$4 ,! 

plant is an annual1 ! important *>act]s 
are q readily obs]v$ & natural cross+ is
 n s]i\s4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! ent]prise is 
n z difficult z ) mo/ vegetables1       
al?\gh1 if done well1 x makes heavy     
dem&s 9 labor & c>e at a "t :5 ! gr[]   
has mu* else to d4  ,! fir/ /ep 9       
selection is to e/abli% cle>ly ! ideal  
to be s\ght1 record+ x 9 detail on pap] 
= future ref]5ce4 ,selections %\ld be   
made on ! basis ( ! plant1 n ( !        
individual fruit4 ,x is ! plant t is    
reproduc$ & ! se$ f cr[n clu/]s is no   
e>li] ?an se$ f lat] sett+s4 ,! field   
%\ld be se>*$ soon aft] bloom+ "t &     
plants t appe> promis+ %\ld be m>k$4 ,^!
 plants %\ld be exam9$ ?ree or f\r times
 z ! season advances1 & m>k]s pull$ f   
plants t d n measure up to ! desir$     
/&>d4 ,suppose t5 plants rema92 all     
fruits f ea* ( ^! may be sav$1 keep+ !  
se$ ( ea* plant sep>ate4 ,all or "p ( ! 
se$ may be plant$ 9 sep>ate r[s ! next  
ye> = fur!r selection & to note :i*     
p>5ts be/ transmit _! excell5t po9ts4   

,if only a small am\nt ( se$ is requir$1
 direct selections may be made = use 9  
plant+ = ! g5]al crop4 ,if a l>g] am\nt 
( se$ is requir$1 se$ f "o or two ( !   
be/ plants %\ld be plant$ 9             
multiplication plats4 ,(f-type plants   
%\ld be remov$ f su* plant+s1 b o!rwise 
all ! se$ may be sav$ = use4 ,repeat$   
selection results 9 con/ant improvem5t  
until ! /ock becomes a pure l9e or      
practically s4  ,l9d/rom ( ,i[a has l$ 9
 rese>* on ! g5etics ( tomatoes1        
*romosome relations & mode ( inh]itance4
 ,_m sci5tific pap]s deal ) inh]itance  
me?ods & results4 ,! ,ye>book (         
,agriculture 7,u4,s4,d4,a47 = #aicg     
conta9s a valuable *apt] on tomato      
bre$+4 ,x may also be _h z ,ye>book     
,sep>ate #aeha4         ,c]tification   
,z ) c]ta9 o!r k9ds ( se$s1 c]tification
 s]vice = tomatoes has n[ be5 set up 9  
sev]al /ates4 ,c]tification is a mo/    
useful inc5tive t[>d c>e 9 bre$+ & h&l+ 
& af=ds valuable assurance to ! buy]4 ,x
 is necess>y to "k j :at is gu>ante$ by 

! c]tificate4 ,x is at ! same "t wise to
 be in=m$ z to ! inclusiv5ess & me?ods (
 ! c]tification4         ,! ,ideal      
,v>iety  ,9 bre$+ = bett] v>ieties (    
tomatoes1 ! foll[+ are "s ( ! *>act]s to
 be s\ght3        7#a7 ,a vigor\s v9e   
:i* is necess>y to produce abundant     
fruit & to protect f sunscald4          
7#b7 ,resi/ance to disease especially to
 fus>ium4        7#c7 ,high             
productiv5ess ) mod]ate numb] ( fruits  
p]       clu/]--say1 #e to #h4          
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #g4--,types (    
tomato int]iors4 #a1 #e4 ,small fruit$  
sorts4 #b1 #f1 #i4 ,bonny ,be/4 #c1 #g1 
#aj4 ,*alk ,jewel4 #c1 #g1 #aa4 ,/one4  
#d1 #h4 ,e>liana4 #ab4 ,pond]osa4       
7#d7 ,ev5ness ( maturity4 ,?is is       
some:at out ( l9e )       ! nature ( !  
tomato b mu* c\ld be accompli%$ t[>d    
! goal ( v>ieties t make _! crop & are  
gone1       elim9at+ long pick+ p]iods &
 ! drag ( inf]ior       fruit t[>d ! end
 ( ! season4 ,! s-call$       det]m9ate 
habit ( "s v>ieties su* z ,prit*>d is a 

/ep 9 ?is direction4        7#e7 ,size  
suitable = expect$ use & = m>ket dem&4  
,gre5h\se tomatoes are g5]ally small]   
?an ^? =       cann]y4 ,uni=mity ( size 
is increas+ly important )               
wide-spread use ( ! lug-box pack & (    
small consum]       c>tons4        7#f7 
,globul> to oblong %ape is desirable =  
m>ket b is       less important =       
cann]y4 ,=m %\ld be symmetrical1 ev5    
& smoo?4        7#g7 ,color %\ld be deep
 & ri*1 fully & ev5ly develop$1         
inside & out4 ,r$ is g5]ally pref]r$ to 
p9k4 ,!       diff]5ce betwe5 r$ & p9k  
tomatoes does n reside 9       ! fle% b 
9 ! pres5ce ( yell[ pigm5t 9 ! sk9 (    
! =m] :ile ! sk9 ( ! latt] is )\t       
pigm5t4       ,yell[ tomatoes are also  
extant4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #h4--,! 
,e>liana tomato4 ,a picture ( a s+le    
fruit _c adequately describe a v>iety4  
#a-c4 ,r\gh types1 common 9 old] /ra9s4 
#d4 ,typical int]ior4 #e1 #f4 ,/em end4 
#g-i4 ,good type result+ f selection4   
#aj-ab4 ,po9t$-r\nd type occurr+        

frequ5tly 9 improv$ /ra9s4 ,a4          
,unusually l>ge clu/]4 ,b4 ,typical     
,e>liana clu/] %[+ comp\nd bran*+4 ,c4  
,unbran*$ clu/] ( ,bonny ,be/ =         
comp>ison4        7#h7 ,sk9 %\ld be ?ick
 & t\gh4 ,?is safegu>ds aga9/           
damage on ! way to m>ket & favors ease (
 peel+4 ,^?       saladi/s :o s]ve slic$
 tomatoes ) sk9s unremov$1 may          
call = a ?91 t5d] sk9 b ?is practice    
f9ds no       enc\ragem5t f discrim9at+ 
p>tak]s4        7#i7 ,fle% %\ld be      
abundant 9 ?ick walls ) a m9imum (      
wat]y pulp surr\nd+ se$s4 ,9 g5]al1 a   
/ructure ( _m       small cells is      
desirable4         ,v>ieties            
,e>liana4--,! e>l9ess ( ?is old & popul>
 v>iety outweighs its dem]its :]e ?is "*
 is requir$4 ,! pa/ t5 ye>s h se5       
mat]ial improvem5t4  ,e>liana is e>ly1 (
 small v9e1 ) small leaves & leaflets4  
,clu/]s are comp\ndly bran*$1 ) _m      
fruits4 ,! fruits are ( m$ium size1 deep
 oblate1 cross section (t5 elliptical r 
?an circul>4 ,!re are _m r\gh irregul>  

fruits1 v>y+ 9 ?is respect ) bre$+ &    
conditions ( gr[?4 ,color is r$1 n too  
deep & t5d+ to be poorly develop$ at !  
/em end4 ,int]ior consi/s ( _m small    
cells ) ?9 walls4  ,bison4--repres5ts a 
gr\p ( v>ieties br$ = rigor\s climates (
 our mo/ nor!rly /ates4 ,a4 ,f4 ,yeag]  
=m]ly ( ,nor? ,dakota1 lat] ( ,mi*igan1 
n[ ( ,new ,hamp%ire has l$ 9 ?is        
developm5t4  ,victor4--is a new v>iety  
br$ orig9ally by ,yeag] b introduc$ by  
,k4 ,c4 ,b>rons ( ,mi*igan4 ,x af=ds    
smoo!r1 deep] & bett] color$ fruits ab\t
 z e>ly z ,e>liana4 ,x is det]m9ate 9   
habit & %y 9 foliage1 increas+ dang] (  
sunscald4 ,ri* soil & ample moi/ure are 
ne$$ = its be/ developm5t4 ,b\nty &     
,home ,g>d5 are simil>4  ,p5n           
,/ate4--,p5n ,/ate1 develop$ by ,c4 ,e4 
,my]s ( ,p5nsylvania1 is n z e>ly z     
,e>liana4 ,x is simil> 9 fruit *>act]s  
?\gh di/9ctly bett] 9 color & %ape4 ,x  
is m>k$ by %ort bran*es 7det]m9ate      
habit7 & is design$ to give an e>ly crop
 to be foll[$ by prompt ab&onm5t ( !    

plant+4 ,x is n to be confus$ ) ,p5n    
,/ate ,e>liana4  ,bonny ,gr\p4--,?is    
gr\p embraces our lead+ second e>ly     
v>ieties widely us$ = home g>d51        
gre5h\se1 m>ket & cann]y 9 ! nor?4 ,x   
includes ,bonny ,be/1 ,john ,ba] & ,*alk
 ,jewel ) _m additional names & ) mu*   
confusion ( *>act]s among !m4  ,bonny   
,be/ is second e>ly & ( m$ium plant     
gr[?4 ,fruits are deep oblate to flatt5$
 globe1 ev5 & smoo?1 ( good r$ color1 ) 
few l>ge1 ?ick-wall$ cells4             
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #i4--,m>globe    
plant4  ,v>ieties & /ra9s ( ?is gr\p v>y
 9 gr[? & yield1 9 size1 %ape & e>l9ess 
( fruit & 9 suitability = gre5h\se1     
m>ket1 cann]y & juice4 ,/okesdale &     
,sc>let ,dawn are m]itori\s new] names 9
 ! gr\p4  ,m>globe4--,?is v>iety 0      
develop$ by ! late ,dr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,prit*>d
 f a cross betwe5 ,m>vel1 a ,fr5* v>iety
 l5d+ resi/ance to fus>ium & ,globe1 an 
old v>iety ( f9e size & %ape4 ,x is     
widely us$1 nor? & s\?1 = m>ket--gre5 or
 ripe1 = cann]y & to "s ext5t1 = =c+4   

,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj4--,m>globe   
fruit4  ,m>globe is a midseason v>iety1 
) l>ge v9e & foliage1 resi/ant to       
fus>ium & nailhead spot4 ,fruits are    
ne>ly globul>1 %apely & smoo?1 m$ium to 
l>ge1 sc>let r$1 ) m$ium numb] ( ?ick   
wall$ cells4 ,m>globe is r subject to   
deep radial cracks4  ,prit*>d is ( !    
g5]al type ( ,m>globe b is e>li]1 ) %ort
 bran*+ habit & resi/ance to nailhead   
ru/ & to fus>ium1 &1 p]haps1 is less    
subject to crack+4  ,great] ,baltimore  
is us$ *iefly = cann+ 9 long-season     
di/ricts4 ,x is late1 ) l>ge v9e1 l>ge  
flat fruits ( excell5t sc>let r$1       
outside & 91 ) _m ?ick wall$ cells4     
,indiana ,baltimore is a v>iant widely  
gr[n 9 ! mid-we/ = cann]y4  ,rutg]s 0   
develop$ by ,l4 ,g4 ,s*]m]horn at ! ,new
 ,j]sey ,exp]im5t ,/ation = f9e juice & 
cann+ *>act]s--color1 flavor & sub/ance4
 ,gr[? is vigor\s & yields are heavy2   
fruits are l>ge1 flatt5$ & well color$4 
,gulf ,/ate ,m>ket is a second e>ly     
%ipp+ tomato1 g5]ally h>ve/$ gre54 ,x is

 flatt5$ 9 %ape1 ( well develop$ p9k    
color & good int]ior4  ,comet           
,gr\p4--,^! trace mo/ly to ,engli% or   
o!r ,european orig9 & are increas+ly us$
 = gre5h\se & = /ak+ out-(-doors4 ,comet
 is small1 flatt5$1 slightly corrugat$  
ab\t ! /em1 ( f9e ev5 r$ color1 v firm &
 solid1 ) few v ?ick wall$ cells4 ,o!r  
names are ,sunrise1 & ,"l ,rob]ts4      
,sev]al ,am]ican =c+ /ra9s h be5        
develop$ ) at lea/ "o p>5t ( ?is        
gr\p--,ideal1 ,gr& ,rapids ,=c+1 ,field 
,/ation ,comet1 ,trellis1 ,mi*igan ,/ate
 ,=c+1 ,lloyd ,=c+1 ,blair ,=c+ & o!rs4 
,k+ ,humb]t & ,san ,m>zano repres5t !   
small ,italian oblong tomatoes t are    
priz$ = _! ?ick walls1 f9e color &      
suitability = puree1 pa/e & s\p4        
,pond]osa is popul> = home g>d51 a      
beef-/eak tomato ( v l>ge size1 irregul>
 %ape1 flat1 p9k1 ) _m small cells & ( v
 mild sub-acid flavor4 ,x is be/ gr[n to
 s+le /em4 ,oxhe>t is l>ge1 he>t %ap$1  
p9k & v meaty4 ,o!rs ( ?is g5]al type   
may be _h 9 r$1 yell[ & orange fle%4 ,9 

g5]al1 ! :ole gr\p lacks 9 prolificacy4 
,oddities4--,tomato fanci]s (t5 plant   
se$ ( ,r$ & ,yell[ ,pe>1 ,*]ry1         
,currant1 ,pea* ) its fuzzy sk91 ,plum &
 o!rs4 ,!y are priz$ = pres]ves & =     
decoration4 ,gr\nd ,*]ry or ,husk       
,tomato is n a true tomato b belongs to 
a diff]5t g5us 7,physalis74 ,x makes    
excell5t pres]ves4 ,well d ,i rememb]   
sneak+ (f f ! o!r kids = solit>y plund] 
( ! little r[ t 0 usually 9 ,gr&ma's    
g>d54  ,compreh5sive descriptions (     
lead+ v>ieties ( tomatoes h be5 publi%$ 
by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t (          
,agriculture 9 ,miscellane\s            
,publication #afj1 ! result ( /ati/ical 
& v]bal notations ov] sev]al ye>s at    
five widely scatt]$ /ations ( ! c\ntry4 
,,iv        ,,/rong ,,plants ,,= ,,e>ly 
,,maturity ,,& ,,heavy ,,crop   ,"o ( ! 
ways to make money f tomatoes is to     
mature !m e>ly1 sell+ :ile ! price is   
/ill high4 ,!re is a big diff]5ce betwe5
 4#aj a p\nd & 4#aj a basket4 ,%ipp$ &  
rip5$ gre5 wrap tomatoes _c be v *eap on

 nor!rn m>kets ev5 ?\gh ,s\!rn gr[]s may
 realize little = !m4  ,ano!r way to    
pr(it is to gr[ good plants to sell4    
,judg+ by ! sp9dl+1 cr[d$1 s(t or       
ov]-h>d5$ plants s common 9 /ores1 !re  
%\ld be great opportunity "h &1 z a     
matt] ( fact1 _m m>ket g>d5]s d well 9  
?is bus9ess realiz+ welcome returns :5  
o!r income is negligible4  ,to m>ket    
t5-c5t-a-p\nd tomatoes f out-doors      
requires good plants--plants t h pass$  
?r\gh _! y\? ne>ly or fully up to       
blossom+ "t ) b5efit ( heat & %elt] & t 
are ready to keep up vigor\s gr[? 9 face
 ( ! dem&s ( fruit+4 ,a few scatt]+     
fruits matur$ e>ly d n suffice4  ,ev5 = 
cann]y1 good plants are requir$4 ,9 mo/ 
regions1 plants are n z good z !y %\ld  
be4 ,all too (t51 outdoor se$ b$ plants 
are set :]e cold frame or at lea/ clo?  
cov] %\ld be employ$4 ,fur!r nor?1 cold 
frame plants or second run or o!r       
inf]ior plants are us$ in/ead ( ! be/4  
,t is :y _m cann+ companies h gre5h\ses 
& gr[ plants = _! f>m]s4  ,& 9 ! home   

g>d51 ! quality ( v9e rip5$ fruit along 
) ! satisfaction ( e>ly maturity are    
goals wor? /riv+ =4  ,plant gr[+ is a   
game ( skill4 ,x calls = ke5 obs]vation1
 con/ant & fai?ful att5tion to small    
details1 & a high ord] ( workman%ip 9 ! 
v>i\s op]ations4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 a       
consid]able numb] ( plants are to be    
gr[n1 x calls = good organization &     
rapid "w if co/s are n to be unduly     
increas$4 ,a transplant] :o makes ?ree  
motions :]e two w suffice is likely to  
turn pr(it into loss1 = ! loss ( a      
second :5 repeat$ ?\s&s ( times makes _m
 h\rs4  ,! gr[] :o is produc+ tomatoes =
 fir/-e>ly maturity wants a plant t w   
)/& ! rigors ( transplant+ & ( inclem5t 
wea!r :i* may foll[1 t w />t imm$iately 
into gr[?1 & t w mature fruit 9 good    
quantity at ! e>lie/ possible date4 ,?is
 usually means a plant ab\t t5 in*es    
tall1 ) heavy1 firm1 d>k-color$ /em     
7?\gh n ov]-h>d5$71 a heavy body ( d>k1 
heal?y foliage1 & a clu/] ( blossoms1 ) 
possibly a fruit or two already set4 ,if

 ! buds 9 ! axils ( ! leaves h begun    
gr[?1 no h>m w be done4  ,_m gr[]s are  
d\btful :e!r x is well to h fruit set on
 plants :5 !y are transplant$ 9 ! field1
 z !y claim t ! little tomatoes are (t5 
lo/ & 9 any case ! progress ( ! plant is
 ret>d$4 ,su* plants mu/ be h&l$ ) great
 skill4 ,if !y are sev]ely *eck$ :5 tak5
 to ! field1 o!r & less advanc$ plants  
may d z well4 ,!re is dang] 9 hav+      
plants too f> advanc$1 & an unexpect$   
delay 9 field sett+ may result 9 sp9dl+ 
& ov]-h>d5+ t may prove disa/r\s4 ,a    
vigor\s & prop]ly h>d5$ plant t is y\ng]
 w d bett] "u su* circum/ances4 ,"s     
gr[]s protect !mselves by hav+ plants ( 
m ?an "o sort4         ,op5-b$ ,plant   
,gr[+  ,) favorable conditions & c>eful 
me?ods1 good plants c be gr[n 9 op5 b$s 
b !y mu/ be gr[n & us$ :]e ! season is  
long or be gr[n 9 ! s\? & %ipp$ nor?4   
,soil %\ld be free ( disease &          
nematodes1 ( good physical "*1 full (   
humus & nutri5ts4  ,se$ may be s[$ a    
week or two aft] av]age date ( la/ kill+

 fro/ :i* may be le>n$ f c\nty ag5t or  
wea!r bureau4 ,fur!r s\? plant+ times   
are gaug$ by ! "t tomatoes are to be set
 & by exp]i5ce z to safe or reasonably  
safe s[+ dates4 ,r[s are usually a foot 
ap>t1 m or less4 ,good plants call = s[+
 ?9ly1 #f to #ab se$s p] foot1 b sev]al 
se$s p] in* are n unusual4 ,"o may      
expect a million plants p] acre ) close 
plant+ or #dj1jjj plants p] p\nd ( se$4 
,s\!rn ,plants  ,_m millions ( tomato   
plants are gr[n 9 op5 fields 9 ! s\? to 
be s5t to home g>d5]s 9 small p>cels on 
se$sm5's ord]s1 to be sold to comm]cial 
gr[]s or to be deliv]$ on contract to   
cann]s4  ,a suitable climate & soil1    
good se$1 fre$om f disease & insects &  
good h&l+ & pack+ are all requir$ =     
satisfactory results4 ,9 f> too _m      
cases1 ^! requirem5ts h be5 sadly       
neglect$ & a good deal ( di/ru/ has be5 
eng5d]$4 ,"h1 z 9 buy+ se$1 "o mu/      
discrim9ate among good & poor gr[]s4    
,cann]s :o ord] 9 millions c s5d m5 s\? 
to inve/igate & sup]vise ) good results4

  ,georgia n[ has a c]tification s]vice 
= plants t helps greatly to build up &  
ma9ta9 high /&>ds4         ,gr[+ ,e>ly  
,plants 9 ! ,nor?  ,v>i$ programs (     
plant gr[+ are 9 vogue 9 ! temp]ate &   
cool] regions4 ,a simple cold frame ) or
 )\t transplant+ may be employ$4 ,se$l+s
 may be />t$ 9 hotb$ or gre5h\se & !n   
transplant$ to cold frames to f9i% !    
job4 ,"s s[ se$ e>ly1 transplant once 9 
! gre5h\se at #a-a_/b or #b in*es ea*   
way & !n aga9 to cold frame ) wide spac+
 say1 #d x #d in*es or us+ pots or dirt 
b&s4  ,= ?is me?od1 z mu* z twelve weeks
 may be all[$ b if space p]mits1        
excell5t results may be a*iev$ 9 sev5 or
 eight weeks transplant+ b once to pots 
or to #d x #d in*es 9 flat or b$4       
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aa4--;,a good   
small gre5h\se = plant gr[+4         ,! 
,place to ,gr[ ,plants  ,= nor!rn       
climates1 gre5h\ses are practically     
requir$4 ,cann]ies or o!r l>ge gr[]s1 h 
wide h\ses simil> to ^? us$ = w9t]      
matur+ crops4 ,a m>ket g>d5] may h a    

little h\se ( #aj' x #bj' to #bj' x #fj'
 or l>g] z ne$$4 ,if "o does n object to
 "s inconv5i5ce & discom=t1 a hotb$ may 
be us$--heat$ ) hot wat] or electricity1
 or z 9 ye>s pa/1 ) f]m5t+ manure4 ,cold
 frames may be cov]$ ) glass sa% z 9 !  
case ( hotb$s1 or clo? may be us$4 ,!re 
are also mat]ials consi/+ ( wire clo?   
fill$ ) cellulose film4 ,special mats ( 
/raw or ( quilt$ burlap may be us$ =    
extra cov] & l>ge gr[]s (t5 employ co>se
 manure1 /raw or m>% hay4  ,_m a tomato 
gets its />t 9 life 9 a small flat 9 a  
kit*5 w9d[--p]haps1 9 a cig> box4 ,su*  
se$l+s may !n be c>ri$ =w>d 9 hot b$ or 
cold frame4         ,b$s1 ,flats & ,pots
  ,gr[+ plants directly 9 gr\nd b$s 9 ! 
gre5h\se & directly 9 ! soil 9 ! hotb$s 
or cold frames1 is r common4 ,h[ev]1 !  
use ( flats or plant boxes 9 plant gr[+ 
(f]s a numb] ( advantages z comp>$ )    
plant+ 9 ! b$4 ,transplant+ c be done at
 b5*es "u conditions ( com=t & conv5i5ce
 :i* make = effici5cy4 ,moi/ure c be m  
precisely controll$ & flats c be %ift$  

if "s plants gr[ fa/] ?an o!rs4 ,plants 
c be mov$ ) m dirt on ! roots1 & ?is is 
a great advantage :5 plants are sold &  
haul$ "s di/ance1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 pull$  
plants are h&l$ m *eaply4 ,on ! o!r h&1 
! fir/ co/1 & ! ma9t5ance & /orage ( !  
flats mu/ be consid]$4 ,flats may be set
 on ! gr\nd 9 ! gre5h\se )\t use (      
b5*es4  ,flats are ( _m dim5sions1      
ord9>ily six to t5 p] sa% or ab\t #ah x 
#bb in*es or #ac x #ah in*es outside    
measure4 ,!y may be made ( lumb] f us$  
boxes1 b !y ought to be uni=m 9 size &  
made to fit b$s )\t loss ( space4 ,! m  
durable k9ds ( wood1 cypress or *e/nut  
are pref]r$4 ,"s gr[]s make ! bottoms ( 
! flats ( squ>e-me% galvaniz$ scre5     
7h>dw>e clo?71 ab\t five or six me%es to
 ! in*4 ,?is all[s roots to p5etrate !  
soil ( ! b$s1 p]mits root prun+ by      
%ift+1 & !re is no wood5 bottom to rot4 
,"s gr[]s use clay pots = plants :i* are
 receiv+ special c>e4 ,_! co/ is an     
ob/acle ?\gh !y are us$ repeat$ly4 ,su* 
pots also hold less soil = ! area       

occupi$ ?an flats or squ>e dirt b&s4    
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ab4--,plants = !
 e>ly crop4 #a4 ,%[s plants 9 pap] b&s (
 excell5t proportion & ?rift b n yet 9  
bloom4 #b4 ,9 blossom b fruit has n yet 
set4 #c4 ,simil> to #b b a little fur!r 
advanc$ & has actually set fruit4  ,pap]
 pots are us$ to "s ext5t4 ,organisms   
decompos+ ! pap] may use & s r5d]       
unavailable "s ( ! nitrog5 ( ! soil ?us 
h9d]+ ! gr[? ( ! plants4 ,?is may be    
correct$ by see+ t abundant nitrog5 is  
pres5t 9 ! soil ei!r :5 made up or by   
lat] application ( nitrate s[$ ^u ! soil
 :ile plants are dry or appli$ 9        
solution 9 wat]+4  ,dirt b&s ( v5e] are 
us$ & are v satisfactory4 ,block+ z     
practic$ by _m gr[]s is a *eap &        
effective way ( atta9+ mu* ! same       
results4         ,! ,block+ ,sy/em  ,:5 
! cold frame is prep>$ = ! la/          
transplant+1 two in*es ( fairly         
well-rott$ manure is laid d[n & two or  
?ree in*es ( prep>$ soil is plac$ on    
top4 ,plants are set ab\t f\r in*es ap>t

 ea* way4 ,ab\t a week be=e field sett+1
 a but*] knife1 or a hoe :i* has be5    
/raight5$ & %>p5$1 is run betwe5 r[s bo?
 ways4 ,?is cuts ! roots :]eupon ! plant
 at once beg9s to =m new fe$]s )9 !     
block ?us r$uc+1 to "s ext5t at lea/1 ! 
damage :i* might be caus$ by            
transplant+4 ,! me?od is also us$ )     
flats4         ,soil  ,soil = plant gr[+
 %\ld be free ( disease & nematodes1    
friable1 n readily =m+ a cru/1 receiv+ &
 reta9+ moi/ure well1 b dry+ (f quickly 
on ! surface aft] wat]+ & well suppli$ )
 nutri5ts4 ,a s&y loam base ) good humus
 cont5t is desirable4 ,x may be prep>$1 
beg9n+ a ye> or two ahead by gr[+ & pl[+
 "u well f]tiliz$ gre5 manure crops4 ,or
 a compo/ heap may be prep>$ )          
successive lay]s ( soil & manure or o!r 
humus mak+ mat]ial4 ,9 ei!r case1 x is  
usually mix$ a "t or two by %ovel+ ov]  
or by pass+ ?r\gh a %r$d+ ma*9e or a    
co>se scre54  ,if tr\ble is likely to be
 exp]i5c$ f damp+-(f fungi1 ! soil may  
be heat$ to #bjj deg4 ,f4 & held !re =  

an h\r1 us+ ov5 or electric or /eam     
/]iliz]4 ,se$ may also be treat$ ) r$   
copp] oxid or semesan4         ,se$ &   
,se$ ,s[+  ,tomato se$ runs ab\t        
#abe1jjj to #aej1jjj p] p\nd4 ,an ounce 
( se$ is usually dep5d$ ^u = plants = an
 acre4 ,= gr[+ se$l+s1 se$ may be s[$ up
 to #ajj or m p] foot ( r[4 ,= a maximum
 numb] ( /rong se$l+s f a small am\nt ( 
se$1 ?9n] s[+ is desirable4 ,r[s are    
usually ab\t two in*es ap>t1 & a qu>t] (
 an in* is suffici5t cov]4 ,! se$l+s    
break gr\nd 9 a week or t5 days4        
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ac4--,t9 c      
prep>$ = s[+ tomato se$4  ,uni=mity (   
dep? ( r[s & ( cov]+ is important4      
,o!rwise1 se$l+s w come up unev5ly & !re
 w be consid]able wa/e4         ,c>e (  
,se$l+s  ,wat] & heat %\ld be provid$ to
 p]mit a /eady & mod]ate rate ( gr[? 9  
plants4 ,ov]-wat]+ & high temp]ature    
yield s(t & sp9dl+ plants & also plants 
t are ov]gr[n & t are liable to sev]e   
*eck+ be=e field sett+4 ,"u-wat]+ & l[  
temp]ature give /unt$ plants4 ,!        

!rmomet] at ! e>li] /ages ( gr[? may    
well /& ar\nd #gj to #ge degrees by day 
& #aj degrees l[] at night4 ,a          
reasonable range ( temp]ature & moi/ure 
gives opportunity = ! skillful gr[] to  
=w>d or ret>d 8 plants z seems be/4     
,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to wat]      
ev5ly4 ,x is necess>y to wat* ! plants  
con/antly to detect ! slighte/ v>iations
 9 gr[?4 ,! wat]+ may !n be modifi$ &   
ev5 progress insur$4  ,v5tilation f9ds  
its *ief significance z a means (       
controll+ temp]ature & humidity1 ?\gh   
actual *ange ( air may be a factor4     
,high soil moi/ure1 high humidity1 high 
temp]ature1 & faulty v5tilation1 all    
favor ! ravages ( ! v>i\s damp+-(f fungi
 m5tion$ above :i* cause little plants  
to rot (f ne> ! gr\nd4                  
,transplant+  ,! ma9 advantage (        
transplant+ plants be=e !y are set 9 !  
field is to give !m increas$ space1 or1 
9 o!r words1 to cons]ve space 9         
gre5h\ses & frames4 ,o!r advantages h   
be5 claim$1 b 9 _m in/ances ! ga9s h    

result$ f m space r ?an f ! actual %ift4
 ,transplant+ *ecks gr[? ?r\gh breakage 
& di/urbance ( ! root sy/em4 ,loomis#ad 
f9ds t ! imm$iate effect ( transplant+  
is a r$uction 9 ! wat] supply1 & !      
imm$iate & long-"t results are dep5d5t  
^u ! sev]ity & duration ( su* r$uction4 
,transplant+ has little effect ^u v "y  
plants & a %ift at ! age ( six or eight 
weeks *ecks ! plant ab\t z mu* z two    
e>li] transplant+s4 ,! tomato falls 9 ! 
gr\p ( plants t /& transplant+ well1    
roots be+ rapidly replac$4 ,transplant+ 
breaks roots & s results 9 ! gr[? (     
bran*es :i* are %ort] ?an ! memb]s ( !  
old sy/em4 ,! new sy/em is accord+ly    
less sev]ely damag$ 9 lat] transplant+s4
  ,to insure effici5cy1 ! "w (          
transplant+ m]its c>eful att5tion4      
,c>elessness z to details means loss    
?r\gh unev5ness ( plants4 ,= example1 if
 soil is n c>efully pack$ at ! edges &  
corn]s ( ! flats1 irregul> wat] supply &
 irregul> gr[? result4 ,if mu*          
transplant+ is to be done1 x pays to    

divide up ! "w1 z is done 9 a factory4  
,h a good place = do+ ! "w--a w>m1      
light1 & com=table room4 ,tir$ work]s   
are n effici5t4 ,spott+ bo>ds are (     
s]vice if prop]ly made & correctly us$4 
,soil %\ld always conta9 j ! "r degree (
 moi/ure to all[ holes to /& op54 ,c>e  
mu/ be tak5 t ! work]s 9 sett+ plants d 
n d\ble ! roots or close ! holes at !   
top leav+ ! roots dangl+ 9 an op5 space 
bel[4  ,x is said t a good work] w prick
 out #aj1jjj plants p] day1 ?\gh ev]y?+ 
mu/ be conv5i5t to accompli% ?is & _m   
gr[]s reg>d #f1jjj plants z a good day's
 "w4         ,prun+ ,"y ,plants  ,prun+ 
( tops injures r ?an helps ! plant1 = x 
de/roys leaves :i* are ! ma*9es t make  
c>bohydrates1 ! pr9cipal mat]ial = gr[?4
 ,prun+ to cure legg9ess is bad4 ,prop] 
managem5t ( "t1 temp]ature & wat] w     
provide adequate control & if plants    
%\ld become leggy1 x is bett] to plant  
!m by lay+ !m d[n 9 a tr5* ) a few in*es
 ( top above gr\nd ?an x is to prune !m4
  ,nipp+ out ! gr[+ po9t ) ! fir/ clu/] 

( fl[] buds is sometimes practic$ to    
enc\rage bran*+ & a heavi] yield ( e>ly 
fruit4 ,if ?is is done1 ample space &   
nutri5ts mu/ accompany c>eful managem5t4
 ,o!rwise1 ! plant f9ds itself )        
inadequate res\rces to d a big job4     
,h>d5+  ,tomato plants _c be made fro/  
pro(1 b l[ temp]ature1 r$uc$ moi/ure    
supply1 p>tial />vation1 & cr[d+ all t5d
 to make plants m resi/ant to cold1 to  
dry+ w9ds1 to heat1 to me*anical injury 
su* z breakage ( leaves & /ems1 & ev5 to
 cut-worm attacks4 ,plants c be h>d5$   
appreciably 9 a %ort "t--say a week4 ,x 
is n[ g5]ally accept$ t moi/ure control 
is m useful ?an r$uc$ temp]ature z a    
means ( h>d5+4 ,/>v+ & cr[d+ are n      
desirable me?ods4 ,plants c be kept on !
 dry side if glass or o!r wat]-%$d+ cov]
 is available4  ,great c>e mu/ be       
ex]cis$ to avoid ov]-h>d5+ ( tomato     
plants1 = 9 ?is way a *eck 9 gr[? is    
incurr$ f :i* !y recov] sl[ly1 & p]haps 
nev] fully4  ,mu* /udy has be5 giv5 to !
 *anges 9 plants :i* und]lie ! h>d5+    

process1 & pap]s by ,h>vey1 ,rosa1      
,loomis1 & o!rs %\ld be consult$ 9 ?is  
connection4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure     
#ad4--,plants t h be5 cr[d$ & ov]gr[n1  
probably und]n\ri%$ & ov]-h>d5$4 ,plants
 l ?is are v (t5 set 9 ! field4 ,!y are 
def9itely sl[ 9 />t+ gr[?4  ,watts#ae   
has %[n t adv]se conditions1 especially 
l[ temp]ature & wat] defici5cy prevail+ 
at ! "t :5 fruit clu/]s are b>ely beg9n+
 to =m1 commonly occasion ! developm5t (
 mis%ap5 fruits4  ,fai?ful spray+ or    
du/+ ) ,bordeaux 9 ! plant b$ has prov$ 
a useful means ( =e/all+ de/ructive leaf
 blights :i* (t5 deva/ate :ole fields4  
,v        ,,good ,,culture ,,favors     
,,good ,,returns   ,! tomato is n       
especially exact+ z to c>e aft] x has   
be5 set out-(-doors4 ,x w d bus9ess if  
giv5 half a *ance4 ,at ! same "t1 mu* c 
be done to favor e>l9ess1 good yield &  
high quality4         ,"t ( ,plant+  ,9 
g5]al1 tomatoes are set 9 field or g>d5 
z soon z dang] ( fro/ is reasonably pa/4
 ,suppose ,may #a/ is av]age date ( la/ 

kill+ fro/4 ,gr[]s w\ld make g5]al      
plant+s f ,may #ah? to #be? ?\gh1 9 r>e 
in/ances1 fro/ might occur z late z ,may
 #bh? or #cj?4 ,! la/ week ( ,may is    
plant+ "t ov] a va/ area ( ! ,nor?4     
,v5turesome s\ls w set home g>d5 plants 
z e>ly z ,may #aj?1 /&+ ready to replant
 if necess>y4 ,!re is little ga9 9 ru%+ 
! season too mu*1 h[ev]1 = ! tomato is n
 only s5sitive to fro/ b x does n ?rive 
"u :at p call raw1 mean1 *illy wea!r4   
,su* conditions may also be responsible 
= mis%ap5 fruits4 ,a gr[] = local m>ket 
n infrequ5tly risks a %>e ( 8 plants    
be=e safe sett+ "t 9 ! hope t w>m wea!r 
may give ! crop a good />t t[>d e>ly    
ripe fruit to sell at high prices4      
,delay$ plant+ & use ( plants t d n />t 
quickly into vigor\s gr[? is ! cause (  
heavy losses 9 ! nor?1 especially among 
cann]y gr[]s4 ,bett] quality & heavi]   
yields are atta9$ if ! bulk ( ! crop    
matures be=e cool wea!r 9 ! fall4 ,9 !  
s\?1 x is necess>y to get good plant    
developm5t & a full set ( fruit be=e hot

 wea!r :i* (t5 de/roys ! blossoms4      
,plant ,protectors  ,_m =ms ( plant     
protectors are on ! m>ket--( pap] & (   
o!r mat]ials4 ,^! act z little gre5h\ses
 = ! individual plant1 protect+ aga9/   
fro/ & promot+ gr[?4 ,plants may be set 
out-(-doors a c\ple ( weeks e>li] by _! 
use4 ,! mo/ common =ms are ( transluc5t 
pap] re9=c$ by pa/$ /rips ( pap] or by  
wire4 ,! trick is to devise "o t is     
*eap1 t w admit maximum light & t w )/& 
! wea!r4 ,= tomatoes1 !y ne$ to be tall1
 :i* makes ! problem ( w9d resi/ance m  
s]i\s4  ,= em]g5cies1 opaque cov]1      
baskets upside d[n or ev5 newspap] may  
be us$4 ,_m a field has be5 sav$ by     
bury+ ! plants :5 fro/ ?reat5$1 c>efully
 uncov]+ :5 dang] is pa/4         ,spac+
  ,untra9$ tomatoes are set at di/ances 
f #c-a_/b feet ea* way to #g x #g feet  
or ev5 m4 ,! extreme wid? is f\nd on ri*
 irrigat$ l&s 9 ,cali=nia :]e plants    
make trem5d\s gr[?4 ,! clos] spac+s are 
f\nd on light] soils :]e humus1 plant   
food1 & moi/ure are n too abundant4 ,!  

v>iety %\ld also be consid]$4 ,sixte5   
squ>e feet p] plant is ab\t av]age4     
,*eck r[ plant+ is common1 ?\gh x is n  
feasible :]e transplant]s are us$4 ,wid]
 spac+ betwe5 ! r[s ?an betwe5 plants is
 desirable z x p]mits lat] cultivation  
"o way & leaves a bett] passage = pick]s
 ) less damage to plants & fruits4 ,?us1
 #c-a_/b x #d-a_/b feet might be pref]r$
 to #d x #d feet4  ,r[s = s+le /em1 /ak$
 & prun$ plants may be z close z ?ree   
feet & plants may be z close z eighte5  
or ev5 twelve in*es1 ?\gh "s gr[]s      
cont5d t two feet is close en\gh4       
,me?ods ( ,plant+  ,! ess5tial po9t 9   
field sett+ is to pack ! soil firmly    
ab\t ! roots1 ?us e/abli%+ maximum      
contact = moi/ure absorption4 ,:atev] ! 
me?od ( plant+1 ! aim %\ld be to get !  
plants f ! old home to ! new ) z little 
delay & *eck 9 gr[? z possible4 ,= !    
fir/-e>ly crop1 !y %\ld be mov$ s t !y  
nev] "k x4 ,) b&s1 pots or block+ 9     
flats or b$s1 x is feasible to avoid    
practically all di/urbance ( roots4  ,! 

tomato w1 "u ord9>y favorable           
conditions1 take hold & gr[ ev5 if %ak5 
q free ( e>?4 ,plants1 h[ev]1 %\ld be   
dug loose r ?an pull$1 to prev5t undue  
breakage ( roots4  ,plants ought to be  
wat]$ well "s h\rs be=e transplant+4    
,transplant+ ma*9es & h& plant]s ( !    
,ma/]s type give a little %ot ( wat] at 
! root1 ?us help+ to e/abli% contact ) !
 soil4 ,/>t] solutions are discuss$ on  
page #ce4 ,^! ma*9es are commonly us$ = 
cann]y sett+ &1 to "s ext5t1 = m>ket    
tomatoes4 ,block$ plants c be set pretty
 fa/ by h& ) mu* less di/urbance (      
roots4 ,"s manage to set pott$ or block$
 plants by ma*9e1 keep+ a ball ( e>?    
ab\t ! roots4  ,! r[s are usually m>k$  
out fairly deeply1 plants are dropp$ 9  
f\rs betwe5 r[s & x is a v %ort job to  
pack soil ab\t ! clod ( e>? 9 :i* !     
plant is gr[+4 ,ano!r me?od is = "o     
work] to make an op5+ ) a spade4 ,a     
second places ! plant 9 ! w$ge-l op5+ & 
! fir/ /eps on ! soil to firm x solidly 
ab\t ! roots4  ,plants are g5]ally set a

 little deep] ?an 9 ! plant b$4         
,cultivation  ,! old idea ab\t          
cultivation 0 ! m1 ! bett]4 ,m rec5t    
exp]im5ts notably ^? by ,?ompson h %[n t
 little ne$ be done beyond controll+    
we$s4 ,he f\nd t /irr+ ! soil gave no   
significant increase 9 yield ov] m]e    
scrap+ suffici5t to de/roy we$s4 ,x is  
pretty h>d to conv9ce _m old "t g>d5]s (
 ?is4 ,! value ( du/ mul* = cons]vation 
( moi/ure has be5 pretty well discr$it$ 
by exp]im5tal comp>isons4               
,irrigation  ,irrigation is n ess5tial =
 tomato production 9 humid climates & is
 seldom provid$ except "u m>ket g>d5    
conditions4 ,wat] is occasionally an    
asset 9 a dry season &1 ( c\rse1 ! gr[] 
:o wat]s at su* times reaps a h>ve/ 9   
high] prices z well z 9 increas$ yield4 
,! advantage ( irrigation is especially 
m>k$ if dry wea!r ret>ds plant gr[? &   
delays maturity ( ! fir/ ( ! crop1 = !  
high prices ( ! e>ly m>ket are involv$4 
,judici\s irrigation w sometimes cont9ue
 production = late fall m>ket4 ,yet     

g>d5]s seldom plan p]man5t ov]head      
equipm5t = tomatoes4 ,! movable l9es t  
are n[ us$ to a consid]able ext5t s]ve  
well = ! tomato crop4  ,! furr[ me?od ( 
irrigat+ tomatoes is ! mo/ common 9 !   
,we/4 ,?is plan all[s ! wat] to make its
 way d[n ! r[s1 sl[ly soak+ 9 all along 
! l9e4 ,! tomato /&s dr\? bett] ?an _m (
 our crops1 especially if ! soil holds  
moi/ure fairly well1 ei!r naturally or  
?r\gh a lib]al humus cont5t4 ,excessive 
moi/ure is d\btless a factor 9 caus+ !  
plants to run to v9e & drop _! blossoms4
 ,h5ce1 9 we/]n sections1 x is cu/om>y  
to wat] ?or\ghly j be=e or j aft] sett+ 
! plants & !n to avoid applications     
until ! sett+ ( fruit is well advanc$4  
,?or\gh soak+ is bett] ?an frequ5t light
 wat]+s1 z x enc\rages a bett]          
developm5t ( root sy/em4 ,an ,idaho     
bullet9 sugge/s ?ree irrigations4 ,late 
irrigations t5d to delay rip5+ ( fruit1 
b ?is object is s\ght 9 ! late fall     
%ipp+ di/ricts ( ,cali=nia :i* f9d _!   
be/ m>kets aft] ea/]n crops h be5 nipp$ 

by fro/4  ,irrigation mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e 
to avoid crack+ ( fruit1 :i* occurs :5  
soil becomes r dry & !n is heavily      
wat]$4 ,wat]+ late 9 ! season is said to
 make fruit wat]y & ( poor quality4     
,mul*+  ,r4 ,a4 ,em]son#af 9 #aijc      
report$ results ( c>eful comp>isons     
betwe5 vegetables t 7 cultivat$ & o!rs t
 7 mul*$ ) /raw4 ,^! results indicate t 
mul*+ gives good results ) tomatoes1 bo?
 z to yield & quality4 ,h[ev]1 fro/     
injury 0 m sev]e on mul*$ plats1 &      
,em]son po9ts out t ! mul* %\ld n be    
appli$ until ! plants are well e/abli%$4
  ,mul*+ is recomm5d$ by a good _m      
writ]s & gr[]s & x seems to be practic$ 
to "s ext5t 9 ,miss\ri4 ,! advantages   
claim$ are cons]vation ( moi/ure &      
clean1 f9e quality fruit4 ,l4 ,w4       
,purdum & ,sons ( ,virg9ia use #d-e tons
 p] acre ( :eat /raw1 /ak+ _! plants &  
irrigat+4 ,!y report unusually heavy    
returns p] acre "u ^! me?ods4 ,!        
,miss\ri p apply z mu* z sixte5 tons p] 
acre1 mak+ ! cov] five or six in*es     

?ick4 ,! practice ( mul*+1 h[ev]1 is n  
common1 & ! co/ w likely prev5t its     
g5]al use4           ,,vi        ,,to   
,,tra9 ,,!m ,,up ,,or ,,let ,,!m        
,,spread   ,gr[]s att5d+ conv5tions w   
(t5 /ay up half ! night to argue ab\t   
tra9+ & prun+ tomatoes & to debate !    
details ( _! favorite proc$ures4  ,=    
home g>d51 ! me?od is /rongly comm5d$4  
,_m m>ket g>d5]s foll[ ! practice & x   
has ga9$ mat]ially ( rec5t ye>s 9 ,new  
,engl&4 ,"s m>ket reports quote /ak$    
tomatoes sep>ately & at a mat]ially     
high] level ?an fruit f unprun$ plants4 
,mo/ ( ! s\!rn %ipp+ sections foll[ !   
practice & x is practically univ]sal 9  
gre5h\ses4  ,"o way is to drive a /ake  
by ea* plant ty+ at sev]al po9ts along !
 /em ) *eap tw9e4 ,! o!r plan1 rec5tly  
ga9+ 9 favor1 is to set po/s e #be feet 
or s1 /r+ a heavy wire on top1 & ano!r a
 foot f ! gr\nd4 ,*eap jute tw9e is     
/rung betwe5 wires & ! tomato plants are
 m]ely twi/$ ar\nd ! /r+4 ,ty+ is n     
requir$4 ,"s omit ! l[] wire1 ty+ a     

non-slipp+ b[l9e loop ar\nd ! plant ne> 
! gr\nd4 ,9 ei!r case1 plants are kept  
trimm$ to a s+le /em ?\gh occasionally  
an extra bran* is all[$ to gr[4 ,9 s\!rn
 ,ill9ois1 plants are ti$ to a %ort /ake
 )\t prun+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure     
#ae4--,tomatoes prun$ & tra9$ ) po/1    
wire & tw9e4 ,?is is ! trellis sy/em (  
,new ,engl&4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure    
#af4--;,f9e clu/]s on tra9$ plants4     
,pro & ,con  ,! advantages claim$ =     
prun+ & tra9+ are3      ,e>l9ess4       
,high yield p] acre4     ,ease (        
cultivat+ & spray+4     ,ease ( pick+4  
,no injury f snails & wire worms4       
,quality ( fruit3--size1 color1         
smoo?ness & cleanl9ess4     ,crop f9i%$ 
e>li]4     ,less sunscald4  ,!          
disadvantages claim$ are3      ,_m      
plants requir$4     ,r$uc$ yield4     ,m
 blossom-end rot4     ,high] co/ (      
labor4     ,co/ & c>e ( /akes & wire4   
,! validity ( ea* ( ^! po9ts v>ies      
greatly ) conditions2 9 fact1 ! answ] to
 ! :ole "q dep5ds l>gely ^u ! location &

 ! ideas ( ! gr[]4 ,9 try+ to rea* a    
conclusion1 x is well to realize t tra9+
 makes c]ta9 radical *anges 9 ! plant4  
,x loses leaves ?r\gh prun+1 x is       
support$ f ! gr\nd1 & x is spac$        
diff]5tly4 ,s9ce ! leaves manufacture ! 
basic sub/ance = !mselves1 & = ! re/ ( !
 plant1 removal ( leaves r$uces !       
res\rces ( ! plant4 ,h4 ,c4 ,?ompson#ag 
has f\nd t ! root sy/em is r$uc$ ab\t 9 
proportion to leaf r$uction4 ,x is      
fairly cle> t s+le-/em tra9+ greatly    
r$uces ! yield p] plant1 & o!r me?ods   
result simil>ly 9 proportion to !       
sev]ity ( prun+4 ,:5 plants are spac$   
closely en\gh toge!r ! yield may be     
br\ght up to t ( areas unprun$ & un/ak$4
 ,idaho exp]im5ts indicate t /ak+ alone 
does n affect ! total yield1 b t x does 
favor e>ly maturity "u ! diff]5t prun+  
sy/ems4 ,! disadvantages ( tra9+ are    
l>gely economic4 ,w ! m>ket+ conditions 
ju/ify ! extra co/ ( /ak+ & prun+8      
,exp]im5ts h %[n pretty cle>ly t        
sunscald1 blossom-end rot & crack+ are  

worse on tra9$ plants4 ,us+ v>ieties (  
good foliage w help ! fir/ tr\ble :ile  
uni=m & adequate wat] supply a*iev$ by  
selection ( suitable l&1 by build+ humus
 cont5t ( ! soil & by irrigation w solve
 ! latt] two problems4 ,?ompson f\nd    
increas$ yield ( e>ly fruit4 ,o!r       
evid5ce is some:at conflict+ b1 9 g5]al1
 x supports ,?ompson4 ,x is g5]ally     
agre$ t prun$ plants yield l>g]1 clean] 
& m p]fectly =m$ & color$ fruits4 ,ease 
( spray+ or du/+ & ( pick+ is important4
  ,= prun$ plants1 #c-a_/b feet betwe5  
r[s & #a-a_/b-b feet betwe5 plants is   
ab\t "r4  ,to tra9 or n to tra9 is a "q 
t "o mu/ answ] = himself z ! controll+  
factors v>y too widely--co/s ( /akes1   
wire & labor1 prices ( e>ly tomatoes &  
possibility ( cultivat+ a m or less     
fancy trade4           ,,vii        ,,! 
,,et]nal ,,battle ,,) ,,insects ,,&     
,,diseases   ,! tomato1 9 mo/ regions1  
is n "o ( our mo/ pe/]$ crops4 ,al?\gh  
ov] ?irty diseases ( tomatoes are       
discuss$ 9 books & bullet9s1 mo/ ( !m   

are only occasionally s]i\s or are      
subject to def9ite control me?ods4      
,enemies are g5]ally worse 9 ! w>m]     
climates4  ,mo/ home g>d5 tomatoes & _m 
comm]cial crops are gr[n )\t b5efit (   
spray or du/4 ,if tr\ble arises1 c\nty  
ag5t or college speciali/ c usually     
advise1 sugge/+ me?ods suitable = local 
conditions4  ,exp]i5ce mu/1 ( necessity1
 be ! guide 9 %ap+ a program & co/s mu/ 
be c>efully balanc$ aga9/ results4  ,!  
pr9cipal measures t are widely us$ are  
se$ treatm5t aga9/ damp+ (f1 use (      
resi/ant /ra9s aga9/ fus>ium wilt &     
application ( bordeaux mixture aga9/    
leaf blights4  ,z ) all plants1         
?or\ghness mu/ be ! wat*word 9 spray+ or
 du/+4 ,timel9ess1 *oice ( wea!r        
conditions s f> z possible1 & cov]+ all 
surface lightly r ?an ?r[+ on heavy     
blot*es ( spray or du/ all require      
c>eful att5tion4  ,fus>ium ,wilt        
7,fus>ium lycop]sici7 is p]haps ! mo/   
s]i\s ( all ! tomato diseases al?\gh x  
occasions little tr\ble 9 ! m nor!rly   

/ates4 ,x is tr\blesome z f> nor? z ,new
 ,j]sey to ,i[a4  ,! fungus w9t]s 9 !   
soil1 ent]s ?r\gh ! roots & blocks !    
wat] passages ( ! plant caus+ wilt+1    
yell[+1 & f9ally1 dea?4 ,wat] vessels 9 
! /em are discolor$1--ano!r means (     
id5tify+ ! disease4  ,spray+ or du/+ are
 ( no s]vice s9ce ! fungus is )94 ,long 
"t rotation & use ( ! _m resi/ant /ra9s 
are effective means ( control4          
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ag4--,resi/ance 
to fus>ium wilt4 ,r[ on left c5t] is    
plant$ to an ord9>y v>iety1 r[ on "r )  
"o ( ,f4 ,j4 ,prit*>d's wilt-resi/ant   
selections4 ,ins]t %[s plant attack$ by 
wilt fungus4  ,leaf ,spot1 ,septoria    
,blight 7,septoria lycop]sici7 causes   
heavy loss by de/roy+ ! foliage & s !   
fruit-mak+ p[] ( ! plant4 ,x also op5s !
 fruits to sunscald4 ,! spots appe> z   
small d>k wat] soak$ areas :i* enl>ge b 
little ?\gh !y increase 9 numb] & turn  
br[n4 ,t9y black dots1 ! fruit+ bodies (
 ! fungus1 appe>4 ,! spores g]m9ate only
 on moi/ leaves & ! disease is spread by

 w9d1 ra91 work]s & ! l4 ,x w9t]s on    
refuse ( ! tomato & relat$ plants4      
,fall pl[+ helps to control4 ,bordeaux  
spray+ beg9n+ 9 ! se$ b$ & c>ri$        
fai?fully ?r\gh ! season w usually hold 
! tr\ble 9 *eck4  ,late ,blight         
7,phytoph?ora infe/ans7 is ! same fungus
 z ! late blight ( potatoes1 affect+ bo?
 foliage & fruit4 ,x is (t5 tr\blesome !
 fir/ few weeks aft] plants are set     
out-(-doors4 ,clean soil 9 se$ b$ &     
bordeaux spray+ are helpful4  ,we/]n    
,blight1 ,yell[s1 ,curly ,top1--cause   
unkn[n1--is preval5t 9 ,cali=nia4       
,leaves roll & become ?ick5$ & brittle1 
lat] turn+ a sulfury yell[4 ,ve9s become
 purpli%4 ,! tr\ble prevails 9 hot      
wea!r4 ,! cause is likely a virus1      
simil> to or id5tical ) ! curly top (   
beets4 ,x is app>5tly spread by leaf    
hopp]s4 ,no satisfactory control has be5
 devis$ ?\gh !re is "s promise 9        
resi/ant /ra9s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure 
#ah4--;,diseases ( ! tomato4 #a4        
,septoria or leaf spot4 #b4 ,mosaic4 #c4

 ,mosaic1 fili=m4  ,mosaic4--,no        
organism has be5 def9itely connect$ ) ! 
mosaic diseases ( tomatoes1 b !y are    
highly infecti\s1 be+ spread by means ( 
:at is call$ a virus1 :i* passes ! f9e/ 
filt]s4 ,x is spread by insects1 notably
 aphids1 :i* c>ry plant juice1 & 9 !    
h&l+ ( plants1 b x does n p]si/ 9 se$s  
or 9 litt]4 ,x is w9t]$ on horse nettles
 & ?ree species ( gr\nd *]ries4 ,control
 sugge/ions include rogu+ affect$       
plants1 elim9at+ we$s1 & controll+ c>ry+
 insects4 ,! symptoms are widely v>i\s1 
! mo/ common be+ mottl+ ( leaves1 /unt+ 
& mal=mation ( leaflets1 :i* sometimes  
become f9e ribbons or ?reads1 curl+1    
appe>ance ( small br[n dead areas1 &    
spots & cracks on fruits4  ,damp+ (f is 
caus$ by v>i\s fungi 9 ! se$ b$ :i*     
attack ! /em ne> ! surface ( ! soil &   
cause ! plant to drop ov] & die4 ,clean 
soil1 heat+ ( soil1 commonly call$      
/]ilization1 & c>e 9 wat]+ are all      
helpful4 ,x is n[ common practice to du/
 se$ ) =maldehyde du/1 or ) r$ copp]    

oxid or ) an organic m]cury dis9fectant4
 ,if tr\ble is s]i\s1 a wat]+ ) semesan 
j be=e se$l+s em]ge may be helpful4  ,a 
gov]nm5t bullet9 on ,m>ket ,diseases (  
,tomatoes 7,miscellane\s ,publication   
#aba1 #aicb7 is an excell5t summ>y )    
color$ plates to help 9 recogniz+ !     
v>i\s tr\bles4         ,insects  ,!     
,fruit ,worm 7,*loridea obsoleta7 is    
probably ! wor/ ( ! tomato insects1 b is
 n preval5t 9 ! ,nor?4 ,x is ! same z ! 
corn e>-worm or ! cotton boll-worm1 &   
bores into gre5 or rip5+ fruits4 ,x     
w9t]s 9 ! soil & fall pl[+ is recomm5d$ 
= its control4 ,plant+ corn z a trap    
crop is also sugge/$4 ,! ,virg9ia ,truck
 ,exp]im5t ,/ation f9ds t ! addition (  
two p\nds ( calcium ars5ate to #ej      
gallons ( ! ,bordeaux us$ = disease     
control helps mat]ially4  ,cut-worms    
7v>i\s species ( ! family ,noctuidae7   
cause sev]e losses at ! "t ( field      
sett+4 ,!y w9t] 9 ! soil & are worse :5 
sod has be5 pl[$ "u1 or foll[+ o!r ho/  
plants4 ,poison bran ma% is commonly us$

 to combat !m1 us+ a spoonful to ea*    
plant4 ,h& pick+ & ! use ( pap] coll>s  
are resort$ to on a small scale4        
,well-h>d5$ plants seem less subject to 
injury by ^! pe/s ?an t5d] plants4      
,colorado ,potato ,beetle 7,lept9ot>sa  
deceml9eata7 c cause a _w ( damage to "y
 plants4 ,ars5ical spray or du/ w       
ord9>ily control !m4 ,! old-fa%ion$     
potato bug 7family ,meloidae71 is       
report$ z tr\blesome 9 ,miss\ri4 ,:5 !y 
appe> 9 droves1 ! only control is to    
drive !m ) bru%4 ,ars5ical spray or du/ 
is ( "s value4  ,flea ,beetles 7family  
,*rysomelidae7 are ! little black jump+ 
fell[s t p]=ate leaves 9 plant b$s & 9 !
 field4 ,!y are also accus$ ( injur+    
blossoms & r$uc+ ! set ( fruit4 ,_!     
attacks ^u "y plants are sometimes      
ru9\s4 ,bordeaux ) ars5ical s]ves z a   
repellant4 ,du/+ ) nicot9e sulphate du/ 
is also sugge/$4  ,gre5 ,tomato ,worms1 
or ,horn ,worms 7,phlege?ontius sexta7  
are big1 gre5 fell[s & h a great        
capacity = tomato foliage4 ,h&-pick+ &  

ars5ical spray or du/ are usual means ( 
combat4  ,! /alk-bor] 7,papaipema       
nitela7 is a sl5d] cat]pill> :i* is     
report$ z s]i\s 9 ,indiana4 ,no         
satisfactory control is sugge/$ except  
clean culture ar\nd fields & p9*+ ! /ems
 to de/roy ! pe/4           ,,viii      
,,skillful ,,sell+ ,,cr[ns ,,!          
,,ent]prise   ,! mo/ skillful production
 is 9 va9 if m>ket+ is n done well4 ,at 
! same "t1 ! quality ( ! goods is !     
pr9cipal factor 9 mak+ ! price & 9 mov+ 
! goods4 ,ev5 !n1 if co/s 9 production &
 m>ket+ are too high1 ! ent]prise is a  
failure4  ,! diff]5ces betwe5 high & l[ 
quotations on ! same m>ket ! same day1  
are usually fairly wide1--say1 #a4ge to 
#b4ej2 or #j4ge to #a4be2 or #j4bj to   
#j4be p] basket4 ,^! diff]5ces are      
suffici5t to make ! diff]5ce betwe5     
pr(it & loss4 ,small diff]5ces 9 quality
 ( ! product1 9 h&l+ & dress-up ( !     
m>ket pack & skill 9 f9d+ buy]s may     
easily result 9 price diff]5ces z great 
or great] ?an ^? indicat$4              

,h>ve/+  ,pick+ 9 ! field calls = !     
close/ c>e & sup]vision to prev5t damage
 to ! fruits & v9es4 ,/ems %\ld be      
remov$ to avoid pun*+ o!r fruits1 & long
 f+]-nails d great h>m by cutt+ ! sk9 & 
admitt+ infection4 ,conta9]s %\ld n be  
too l>ge to be h&l$ conv5i5tly4 ,r\nd   
half-bu%el /ave baskets & galvaniz$     
pails are excell5t4 ,baskets made (     
qu>t]-in* /aves r ?an v5e] are smoo? &  
durable1 b ! inve/m5t is r heavy unless 
dump+ is resort$ to4 ,9 practice1 all   
sorts ( boxes & crates are us$1 (t5 !   
package t is us$ = m>ket+4 ,no conta9] z
 deep z a bu%el basket %\ld be us$4  ,! 
/age ( rip5ess at :i* tomatoes are pick$
 dep5ds ^u ! "t & di/ance to m>ket4 ,=  
home use or local m>ket1 fruit may range
 f ! fir/ turn to almo/ fully color$4   
,a few gr[]s pick at ! turn & use rip5+ 
rooms to prep>e = local sell+4 ,9 ?is   
way crack+1 injury by soil1 by insects1 
& by unev5 color+ are avoid$4 ,fruits   
are wip$ & h&l$ ) less loss & may ev5 be
 wa%$ if ne$ be4  ,fully rip5$ fruit w n

 /& h&l+ & haul+ & w quickly det]iorate1
 rea*+ ! consum] 9 bad condition4  ,=   
cann]y1 full rip5+ is desir$ ) ev5      
color+4 ,mac,gillivray#ah has %[n t     
success 9 ?is is l>gely a matt] ( c>e 9 
pick+4 ,crack+ & slight s(t5+ are n     
s]i\s defects = ?is purpose1 b molds &  
bact]ia 9 brok5 places are s]i\s z !y   
?r[ ! product out ( grade or occasion   
rejection4         ,pick+ ,gre5  ,mo/   
tomatoes = long di/ance %ipm5t1 are     
pick$ be=e color appe>s1--at !          
mature-gre5 /age4 ,"o ( ! great         
difficulties is to judge ?is /age       
correctly2 to tra9 ord9>y labor to pick 
by maturity & n by size4 ,immature-gre5 
tomatoes rip5 sl[ly & d n a*ieve good   
appe>ance or table quality4  ,x is almo/
 impossible to describe ! e> m>ks ( a   
mature-gre5 tomato4 ,mo/ ( ^? usually   
cit$ are ( d\btful value--glossy        
surface1 :iti% ca/ ( color & ! d>k r+ at
 ! /em sc>4 ,! jelly-l or mucilag9\s    
mat]ial 9 ! se$ cells has suffici5tly   
develop$ 9 a mature gre5 tomato s t !   

fruit may be slic$ )\t cutt+ se$s4 ,(   
c\rse1 ! tomato is ru9$ b ! me?od c be  
us$ to *eck "o's judgm5t bas$ on !      
ext]ior4 ,also1 "o c le>n by lay+ aside 
tomatoes judg$ mature-gre5 &            
immature-gre5 to rip54  ,"s ef=ts h     
rec5tly be5 made 9 ,florida to pick     
tomatoes at ! turn1 t is1 at ! fir/ %[ (
 color1 a practice sugge/$ by ,s&o#ai "s
 ye>s ago4 ,?is %\ld provide fruits (   
uni=m degree ( maturity1 t w\ld be ab\t 
ready to sell on arrival & x w\ld       
elim9ate ! s]i\s problem (              
immature-gre5s4 ,x w\ld require m       
frequ5t pick+ ( fields & !re c\ld be no 
delay 9 pack+4 ,!re w\ld1 d\btless1 also
 be problems ( temp]ature & v5tilation 9
 transit4 ,results ( te/s ?us f> h be5 r
 enc\rag+4         ,rip5+  ,gre5 wrap   
tomatoes are receiv$ at t]m9al m>kets by
 produce h\ses t h special rip5+ rooms  
:]e temp]ature is kept at ab\t #gj deg41
 ) high humidity to prev5t wilt+ or     
%rivel+4 ,e?yl5e gas is us$ by "s to    
ha/5 rip5+4 ,x does n *ange ! nature ( !

 process1 m]ely spe$+ x up4 ,"s ( ^!    
repack]s h elaborate equipm5t = sort+ & 
pack+4  ,! tomatoes1 on arrival1 are    
%ak5 out ( _! pap] wraps4 ,any t h rip5$
 9 transit are tak5 out & pack$ :ile !  
gre5s g into ! rip5+ rooms4 ,!y may h to
 be sort$ ov] two or ?ree times z rip5+ 
progresses4  ,! rip5+ process 9 tomatoes
 has be5 r ?or\ghly /udi$4 ,s&o f\nd t  
tomatoes rip5 uni=mly1 reg>dless ( size1
 at a c]ta9 age1 dat+ f ! sett+ ( !     
fruit4 ,?is "t1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 v>ies     
accord+ to wea!r conditions1 0 eight    
weeks :5 ! /udies 7 made4 ,rip5+ is     
accompani$ by an increase 9 moi/ure1    
acids & sug>s1 ) decrease ( solids1     
nitrog51 />*1 p5tisans1 crude fibre &   
a%4 ,sug>s increase f ab\t a qu>t] to   
ab\t half ( ! dry weight4 ,*emical      
analysis did n %[ diff]5ces suffici5t to
 acc\nt = ! diff]5ce 9 quality betwe5   
v9e-rip5$ fruit & gre5 fruit rip5$ 9 !  
laboratory4 ,lack ( v5tilation seems to 
be detrim5tal4  ,x is commonly held t   
tomatoes *ill$ )\t freez+ w n rip5      

satisfactorily aft]w>d4 ,?is belief is  
disc\nt$ by results ( ,wright &         
associates & ( ,plat5ius :o f\nd little 
effect ( l[ temp]atures ^u lat] rip5+4  
,wright#bj & ,plat5ius#ba h bo? f\nd t  
tomatoes %\ld n be /or$ at l[           
temp]atures1 #ej deg4 to #fj deg4 ,f4   
be+ be/4 ,/orage is n likely to be      
satisfactory = m ?an a mon?4            
,wax+  ,wax+ ( tomatoes by imm]sion 9 a 
dilute wat] emulsion ( p>aff9e & c>nauba
 waxes is be+ tri$ out ) v promis+      
results4 ,waxes are also dissolv$ 9     
volatile hydroc>bons & spray$ on4       
,moi/ure loss & %rivel+ are mat]ially   
ret>d$1 & int]f]5ce ) ! rip5+ process is
 negligible4 ,! wax coat+ is v ?91 adds 
an attractive gloss & is entirely       
h>mless4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure        
#ai4--,pack+ tomatoes on a f>m 9        
,connecticut4 ,boys 9 ! backgr\nd are   
wip+ & sort+4 ,! o!rs are pack+ 9       
half-bu%el boxes4 ,! top slats are put  
on be=e pack+ & ! bottom is nail$ on at 
! f9i% ( ! job4 ,a bo>d :i* is turn$ ov]

 ) ! box keeps tomatoes f fall+ out4    
,grad+  ,x is g5]ally true t at m>ket ! 
poore/ products 9 a giv5 lot t5d to fix 
! price4 ,:5 ! buy] f9ds a few inf]ior  
specim5s he assumes !re are _m m4       
,imp]fect & diseas$ specim5s infect     
o!rs4 ,grad+ enhances ! appe>ance ( !   
pack4  ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,tripak   
,ma*4 ,s]vice  ,,figure #bj4--;,a       
,cali=nia pack+ h\se ) elaborate ma*9]y 
& fully organiz$4  ,( c\rse1 ! gr[] :o  
picks m>ketable tomatoes & leaves       
unm>ketable fruits on ! v9e is engag$ 9 
a =m ( grad+--in=mal & subconsci\s4     
,me?ods may range f ?is simple practice 
to ! elaborate s*emes adopt$ 9 l>ge     
pack+ h\ses4 ,!re is no difficulty 9    
adopt+ me?ods = ! f>m t are easily      
manag$ & p]fectly practical4 ,9 g5]al1  
two grades to sell repres5t a good plan1
 leav+ culls at home unless prices are  
high & !re is good dem& = !m4 ,! set-up 
may involve no m ?an a work] at a table 
) ?ree baskets--"o ) tomatoes f ! field2
 ano!r = #a's & a ?ird = #b's4 ,! work] 

may well use a cotton flannel glove or  
clo? to wipe ! tomatoes & ! fruits %\ld 
be plac$ 9 lay]s to br+ ! package to a  
good face4 ,) "s practice1 ?is sl[s !   
op]ation b v little4 ,%$ pack+ %\ld be m
 common ?an x is ?\gh ! practice seems  
to be ga9+4  ,%ipp]s scatt]$ f ,cuba &  
,cali=nia to ,new ,york /ate h pack+    
h\ses set up to all degrees (           
elaborat5ess4 ,"s h ma*9es & conveyors t
 wa%1 sort = size1 provide = h& sort+ = 
grade & deliv] to b9s = pack+4 ,exp]i5c$
 pack]s advance ) ! season f ,florida to
 ,lake ,erie4 ,^! work]s become almo/   
incr$ibly exp]t & spe$y4 ,x is n        
uncommon = a work] to pick up1 wrap &   
place 9 ! lug box #fj or #gj tomatoes p]
 m9ute--n z a %[-(f b 9 c\rse ( regul>  
"w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure             
#ba4--,puff9ess is a common defect 9    
tomatoes1 especially :5 gr[n 9 ! w9t] 9 
! ,s\?4  ,! f$]al gov]nm5t has work$ out
 & publi%$ /&>ds = ! grades ( tomatoes  
along ) mo/ o!r vegetables4 ,^! /&>ds   
are practical & h f\nd wide acceptance z

 furni%+ common language betwe5 sell] & 
buy]1 especially = long di/ance %ipm5t4 
,! "o :o grades may1 h[ev]1 set up a    
/&>d ( 8 own to meet ! ne$s ( 8         
conditions & m>ket4  ,u4,s4 ,/&>ds =    
cann]y tomatoes are widely us$ z a basis
 ( paym5t to ! gr[] & ?is practice is to
 be comm5d$4         ,packag+  ,! lug   
box has almo/ :olly replac$ ! old]      
#f-;basket c>ri] & #d-;basket flat =    
%ipm5t ( tomatoes4 ,x is 9 almo/ e      
respect1 a good package = tomatoes4 ,x  
is built ) solid bo>d ends1 ) v5e] or   
saw$ sides1 bottom & cov]4 ,cleats on ! 
ends s]ve to raise ! lids s t a bulge   
pack w n be injur$ by pressure4 ,v5e]   
cov]s & bottoms are held toge!r by /it*$
 v5e] cross pieces4 ,! lug box is pack$ 
9 ?ree lay]s & holds ab\t #cj p\nds net 
( tomatoes ?\gh x is (t5 ov]-pack$ to   
c>ry consid]ably m4 ,! bulge pack is    
desirable only s f> z x is necess>y to  
insure a tight pack & to take up ! small
 %r9kage t takes place 9 transit4       
,ord9>ily1 x goes beyond ?is4 ,x results

 9 deliv]y ( m tomatoes ?an are paid =1 
& 9 bruis+ because ! top c5t] is too    
high4  ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,s\!rn    
,arkansas ,gr[]s ,association  ,,figure 
#bb4--,! lug box is ! mo/ widely us$ (  
all tomato packages4 ,?is is well pack$ 
& label$ b %[s too mu* bulge mak+ =     
difficulty 9 load+ & h&l+ & increas+    
dang] ( bruis+ ! upp] fruits4  ,! late  
,m4 ,r4 ,ensign 9 ,florida1 0 work+ ) a 
wire-b\nd lug to c>ry #bj p\nds (       
tomatoes 9 two lay]s )\t bulge4  ,! lug 
box is pack$ 9 ?ree lay]s & ! size (    
fruits is designat$ by ! numb] (        
tomatoes ea* way1--#f x #f1 #f x #g1 &  
#g x #g be+ ! commone/ sizes4 ,ea*      
tomato is wrapp$ 9 a squ>e ( tissue pap]
 :i* may or may n be pr9t$4 ,! pr9cipal 
advantage ( ! pap] is to cu%ion ! pack &
 protect ! tomatoes aga9/ rubb+ &       
abrasion4 ,:]e tomatoes are small1      
,u4,s4 ,/&>ds provide = bridge pack or  
p>tial extra lay]s1 = extra r[s & =     
d\ble wraps or two tomatoes 9 "o pap]4  
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bc4--,lug boxes 

z load$ 9 c>4  ,lug boxes 7 =m]ly load$ 
l5g?wise ( ! c> b are n[ g5]ally load$  
crosswise1--t is1 ! side ( ! box is     
crosswise ?r[+ ! heavy endwise ?ru/     
aga9/ ! sub/antial end ( ! box4 ,?9     
/rips are nail$ betwe5 lay]s1 butt+     
aga9/ ! sides ( ! c> to prev5t %ift+ ( !
 load & clos+ ( v5tilation *annels4     
,refrig]at$ c>s are g5]ally us$ b ic+ is
 n usual4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figure       
#bd4--,! squ>e braid basket is widely   
us$ z a local m>ket package = tomatoes4 
,! fac$ pack looks bett] & is easily put
 up4 ,cov]s p]mit /ack+ six or eight    
high4  ,a few %ipp+ sections1 notably   
,new ,j]sey1 /ill use ! #ab-qu>t climax 
basket = tomatoes4  ,local m>kets use   
v>i\s conta9]s = tomatoes1--! ,bo/on    
bu%el box2 a half bu%el ( ! same dep?   
also us$ 9 ,new ,engl&2 lug boxes2 !    
,j]sey tomato crate2 & v commonly1 #h & 
#ab-qu>t squ>e braid v5e] m>ket baskets4
 ,pea* baskets & bu%el baskets are n[   
us$ b little1 be+ too deep = good c>ry+4
 ,! diamond m>ket basket ( e>li] ye>s   

has ab\t disappe>$--be+ too flexible & n
 suit$ = /ack+4 ,! squ>e braid )        
suitable cov] may be /ack$ v            
satisfactorily 9 trucks b is h>dly      
sub/antial en\gh = rail %ipm5t4         
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #be4--,!         
,connecticut half bu%el box4 ,figure #ai
 %[s h[ ?is is pack$4  ,hot h\se        
tomatoes travel 9 squ>e braid1 climax or
 pap] fibre baskets1 n[ r commonly1 !   
latt]4 ,! ,clevel& section sells "s     
millions ( baskets ( #h-qu>t capacity b 
c>ry+ #h p\nds ( tomatoes 9 two lay]s1  
usually ) /ems on1 usually wrapp$ &     
sometimes ) a pap] divid] betwe5 lay]s4 
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bf4--,repack$   
tomatoes4 ,s\!rn tomatoes g to :olesale 
h\ses t specialize 9 rip5+ & repack+4   
,_m k9ds ( packages are us$4 ,! flat    
#aj-p\nd box is "o ( ! popul> packs     
especially 9 ! ,bo/on area4             
,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bg4--;,cellulose
 film is us$ = repack$ tomatoes4        
,cann]y tomatoes move 9 field crates    
belong+ to ! cann] or1 9 ,j]sey1 9 #e_/h

 bu%el baskets1 ab\t z awkw>d a conta9] 
z c\ld be readily devis$ unless x %\ld  
be ! ,j]sey tomato crate ) its two cov] 
/rips p]man5tly fa/5$4  ,repack tomatoes
 are sometimes replac$ 9 lugs or 9 half 
lugs4 ,t5 p\nd corrugat$ c>tons are     
widely us$1 new] & fanci] packs be+ b "o
 lay] deep4 ,fruits are wrapp$ ) pap] or
 cellulose film4 ,an increas+ proportion
 ( repacks are n[ put up 9 "o-p\nd      
c>tons ) a w9d[ ( cellulose film1 c>ry+ 
f\r or five tomatoes4 ,a v>iation is a  
pap] tray wrapp$ ) cellulose film4      
,good m>ket+ calls = a good label =     
:atev] package is us$4 ,^! are usually  
pa/$ on ! package4 ,pap] conta9]s are   
(t5 pr9t$ directly b ! problem ( misuse 
( second h& packages is com+ to ! =e4   
,sell+  ,success 9 sell+ dem&s 9 !      
produc] ! qualities :i* we ord9>ily     
expect 9 ! bus9ess man4 ,! good gr[] is 
a bus9ess man if he succe$s1 & ?is w be 
m true 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/1 z        
competition increases4 ,x is necess>y to
 judge ! m5 "o deals )1 =m+ e/imates z  

to reliability & "*4 ,mutual confid5ce  
is ess5tial to satisfactory deal+s4 ,x  
is wor? :ile to /udy ! produce bus9ess &
 to le>n its ins & outs1 read+ a trade  
pap]1 talk+ ) deal]s1 & mak+ trips to   
m>kets4  ,%ipm5ts are made on f4o4b4 or 
track sale1 on consignm5t1 or on jo9t   
acc\nt4 ,! fir/ plan ( outright sale is 
! mo/ desirable & is possible :]e !re is
 en\gh bus9ess at a giv5 po9t to attract
 buy]s or :]e grades & bus9ess /&+ are  
well en\gh e/abli%$ to assure ! pur*as] 
( :at he is gett+4 ,:5 ! quality ( !    
product is unc]ta9 or :5 m>kets are     
glutt$1 consignm5t mu/ be resort$ to4   
,"u ?is plan1 ! %ipp] owns ! goods until
 ! receiv] makes a sale & all ! risks up
 to ?is po9t are 84 ,!re are _m         
consignm5t h\ses ( high "* if ! %ipp] w 
take ! tr\ble to f9d !m in/ead ( %ipp+  
to any "o :o writes a good lett]1 & !re 
is vigor\s competition 9 ! trade4 ,^!   
factors make x possible to secure fairly
 good s]vice mo/ ( ! "t4 ,jo9t acc\nt   
sell+1 :]e %ipp] & receiv] agree on h[  

returns %all be divid$1 is sometimes    
und]tak5 :]e mutual acqua9tance ju/ifies
 x4  ,sell+ on di/ant m>kets is m       
complex & difficult ?an local sell+ = _m
 reasons4 ,%ov+ crates (f ! wagon into !
 c> & =gett+ !m is n sell+4 ,co-op]ative
 organization has help$ _m communities  
?r\gh pool+ ( res\rces1 /&>diz+1 grad+ &
 pack+ ! product1 enc\rag+ bett] field  
practices1 & secur+ ! s]vices ( able    
manag]s & salesm54         ,local ,sell+
  ,a v small am\nt ( produce is sold by 
produc]s directly to ! consum] at 8     
home1 b ! roadside m>ket has greatly    
develop$ retail activity by gr[]s4 ,"h  
f9e quality1 attractive appe>ance1      
mod]ate prices1 & fair deal+ are        
effective 9 build+ bus9ess4 ,/&s t plan 
to fleece !m z !y pass d n la/ long4 ,x 
is ! return bus9ess t c\nts4 ,! bulk (  
local sell+ is done directly to         
retail]s--groc]s or huck/]s--ei!r at    
m>ket or /ore-door4 ,! co/l9ess ( ?is   
sy/em is be+ realiz$ & local commission 
bus9ess is gr[+1 9 _m cases ?r\gh !     

e/abli%m5t ( commission h\ses           
co-op]atively own$ & manag$ by gr[]s1 z 
9 ,provid5ce1 ,clevel&1 ,*icago & o!r   
m>kets4  ,"s ef=t has be5 made to       
increase ! use ( tomatoes z has be5     
successfully done ) oranges & bananas4  
,^! ef=ts h be5 sporadic & results h be5
 h>dly m consi/5t ?an ! ef=ts4          
,co-op]ative publicity1 especially at   
times :5 l>ge quantities are to be mov$1
 w\ld seem to (f] f9e possibilities4    
,gr[]s ( "s crops are f9d+ *a9 /ore     
gr\ps v ready to help 9 mov+ out l>ge   
volumes ( produce :5 ! supply is l>ge4  
,cann]y ,sell+  ,cann]y sales are       
g5]ally made at a /ipulat$ price on     
contracts clos$ 9 advance ( plant+4 ,^! 
contracts h usually devot$ m words to   
protect+ ! int]e/s ( ! pack] ?an ^? ( ! 
gr[]1 l>gely because ! gr[] has accept$ 
! cann]'s initiative ) little "q4       
,f>see+ companies h be5 fair 9 en=cem5t 
( t]ms & lib]al 9 _! deal+s1 realiz+ t  
prosp]ity mu/ be mutual = ! highe/      
success4 ,a few cann]s h contract       

provisions t enable ! gr[] to %>e 9     
prices realiz$ = ! pack$ product :5 !y  
rise beyond a c]ta9 figure4 ,too _m     
cann]s h lack$ vision1 h[ev]1 & h tak5  
all !y c\ld get4 ,f>m]s h kn[n little   
ab\t co/s & s h frequ5tly be5 lur$ by ! 
prospect ( ca% return ev5 ?\gh !y see no
 money until ! pack$ tomatoes are       
actually sold4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 mu* has
 be5 le>n$ ab\t ! bus9ess side ( gr[+ = 
cann]y purposes & ! k has be5 made      
available ?r\gh ext5sion *annels4 ,gr[]s
 h %[n "s t5d5cy to organize & "s cann]s
 welcome ?is movem5t z help+ !m to set  
_! affairs on a plane ( def9ite und]/&+4
 ,cann]s h suff]$ sadly ?r\gh failure ( 
gr[]s to live up to contracts if x suit$
 !m bett] to evade ! t]ms1 &            
organization helps greatly to develop ! 
produc]'s s5se ( responsibility4        
,indiana has =m$ a f$]ation ( locals1 b 
an organization movem5t 9 ano!r /ate    
fail$1 m because ! directors & memb]s   
did n live up to _! duties ?an ?r\gh    
opposition ( c]ta9 ho/ile cann]s4       

,co-op]ation 9 ?is field has ! same     
possibilities1 requirem5ts & dang]s z 9 
o!r fields4 ,) "t & exp]i5ce1           
co-op]ation w be an increas+ & b5eficial
 factor 9 ! bus9ess4  ,9 "s sections1   
mo/ ( ! cann]y tomatoes are sold on op5 
m>ket1 & 9 o!rs1 ! e>ly "p ( ! crop is  
free = local sale or %ipm5t4 ,?is       
arrangem5t w\ld seem to h possibilities 
= fur!r developm5t by ! use ( good      
plants & good culture4           ,,ix   
,,op]at+ ,,9 ,,! ,,r$ ,,or ,,9 ,,!      
,,black   ,happily1 ! home g>d5] does n 
ne$ to keep books ) 8 tomatoes4 ,if he  
likes ! culture & ! product1 he ne$ n   
inquire fur!r4  ,n s ) ! comm]cial gr[]4
 ,aft] all skill has be5 ex]cis$ 9 gr[+ 
& sell+1 ! books mu/ %[ black & n r$4   
,?is calls = good managem5t & judgm5t n 
only z to :at is be/ = ! tomatoes & = ! 
consum] b also h[ mu* "o c af=d to sp5d 
to ga9 a giv5 advantage4  ,=tunately1   
quality1 yield & economy g5]ally g h& 9 
h&4 ,"o ( ! be/ ways to a*ieve l[ unit  
co/ is to w9 a high yield p] acre4  ,= !

 cann]y crop1 conditions are sometimes  
su* t "o _c af=d to apply1 say1 optimum 
f]tiliz] because "s o!r factor n readily
 controll$ may limit ! returns & s make 
heavy fe$+ uneconomical4  ,yield4--,!   
av]age yield p] acre ( cann]y tomatoes =
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 01 9 #aidj1 #e4ci tons 
p] acre & ! #aj-ye> av]age1 to #aich1 0 
#d4ae tons p] acre4 ,= tomatoes = fre%  
m>ket1 ! av]age yield = #aidj 0 #adh    
bu%els p] acre1 #ad bu%els above !      
#aj-ye> av]age4 ,( c\rse1 ^! yields w\ld
 n satisfy a gr[] :o calls himself      
successful4 ,9 ! cann+ sections ( ,new  
,york1 x takes ab\t #g tons p] acre to  
cov] co/s ( production4 ,"s ye>s ago a  
survey 9 ,arkansas record$ co/s z l[ z  
#cf p] acre4 ,h[ev]1 ! same survey %[$  
co/ p] ton z #ac4fd4 ,cann]y contracts t
 ye> av]ag$ ab\t #ab4ge p] ton4 ,t does 
n yield mu* money to bank ev5 if t5 or  
tw5ty acres are gr[n4 ,r>ely yields run 
to #be tons p] acre4  ,x is accord+ly   
necess>y to keep co/s d[n & to br+      
yields up4 ,ea* item ( co/ mu/ be       

scrut9iz$ & adju/$ to br+ l[e/ co/ p]   
ton or p] package4  ,9 c\nt+ co/s1 x is 
necess>y to include e elem5t4 ,! foll[+ 
summ>y f #aah ,we/]n ,new ,york f>ms =  
#aicd = cann]y tomatoes illu/rates !    
v>i\s items3                            
----------------------------------------
-------------------                     
,p] c5t                                 
( total     ,gr[+ co/s3                 
,l&                                     
#g4ff    #i4ag       ,manure            
#c4ia    #d4fh       ,comm]cial f]tiliz]
                 #h4ba    #i4hc         
,plants                                 
#ae4ee   #ah4fb       ,pl[+             
#c4db    #d4aj       ,fitt+             
#c4hc    #d4ei       ,apply+ f]tiliz]   
#a4fe    #a4ih       ,sett+             
#e4da    #f4dh       ,cultivat+         
#f4ch    #g4fd       ,all o!r gr[+ co/s 
#b4ad    #b4ef                          
---------------------             ,total
 gr[+ co/s p] acre  #eh4af   #fi4fe     
,h>ve/+ & deliv]+ 7#h4b tons7   #be4cd  

#cj4ce                                  
---------------------     ,total co/s   
#hc4ej #ajj4jj                          
----------------------------------------
-------------------  ,all too (t51 gr[]s
 ?9k !y are c\nt+ co/s :5 su* important 
items z int]e/1 use ( truck & ma*9]y or 
o!rs are omitt$4 ,"o sometimes sees su* 
figures 9 pr9t4  ,"o good way to view   
returns is 9 t]ms ( c5ts p] h\r = labor4
 ,co/ acc\nts 9 ,new ,york h %[$ t a    
gr\p ( f>m]s :o rais$ cann]y tomatoes ! 
n9e ye>s up to #aicg & ^: records 7     
/udi$1 realiz$ #j4cd p] h\r = _! "t giv5
 to tomatoes1 #j4ea = potatoes1 #j4bd = 
:eat1 & #j4aa = oats4                   
,,select$ ,,ref]5ces   ,?is book is n a 
monograph 9 ! sci5tific s5se & no       
attempt has be5 made to cite ref]5ces = 
all /atem5ts4 ,?is li/ is int5d$ to     
include ! publications t are likely to  
prove mo/ useful to "o :o wi%es to read 
fur!r ab\t tomatoes4 ,!re are _m o!rs ( 
great value1 mo/ ( !m be+ includ$ 9     
bibliographies 9 ! works cit$ bel[4     

,unless o!rwise /at$1 ref]5ces are to   
publications ( ! /ate exp]im5t /ations1 
addresses ( :i* may be obta9$ by writ+  
,(fice ( ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1        
,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4         ,g5]al         
,beattie1 ,w4 ,r4 ,tomatoes z a truck   
crop4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4       ,f>m]s
 ,bul4 #acch4 #aibc4        ,snyd]1 ,g4 
,b4 & ,dempsey1 ,p4 ,w4 ,tomato         
production 9       ,massa*usetts4 ,mass4
 ,ext4 ,leaf4 #ea4 ,may1 #aicg4         
,port]1 ,d4 ,r4 & ,mac,gillivray1 ,john 
,h4 ,! production (       tomatoes 9    
,cali=nia4 ,calif4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4     
#ajd4 #aicg4        ,co*ran1 ,h4 ,l4    
,improv$ me?ods ( tomato production 9   
,georgia4 ,ga4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bjf4   
#aidj4        ,huels51 ,w4 ,a4 ,gr[+    
tomatoes 9 ,ill9ois4 ,ill4 ,exp4 ,/a4   
,cir4 #dea4 #aicf4        ,bal*1 ,w4 ,b4
 ,gr[+ tomatoes 9 ,kansas4 ,kan4 ,exp4  
,/a4 ,cir4       #agb4 #aicc4           
,seaton1 ,h4 ,l4 ,tomato gr[+ 9         
,mi*igan4 ,mi*4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,ext4        

,bul4 #aef4 #aicf4        ,all51 ,e4 ,j4
 & ,talb]t1 ,t4 ,j4 ,tomato culture 9   
,miss\ri4       ,mo4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4   
#agc4 #aicd4        ,s*]m]horn1 ,l4 ,g41
 ,ti$j5s1 ,v4 ,a41 et al4 ,que/ions &   
answ]s relative to tomato production4   
,n4,j4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,ext4       ,bul4     
#agd4 #aicf4        ,raleigh1 ,g4 ,j4   
,gr[+ tomatoes = m>ket4 ,cornell ,ext4  
,bul4       #cgg4 #aicg4        ,tracy1 
,w4 ,tomato culture4 ,orange ,judd ,co4 
#aijg4        ,"w1 ,paul4 ,tomato       
production4 ,orange ,judd ,co4 #aibf4   
,pellett1 ,f4 ,c4 & ,m4 ,a4 ,practical  
tomato culture4 ,a4 ,t4 ,de ,la       ,m
 ,co4 #aicj4         ,food ,value       
,atwat]1 ,w4 ,o41 & ,woods1 ,c4 ,d4 ,!  
*emical composition (       ,am]ican    
food mat]ials4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr41   
,(fice ( ,expt4       ,/as4 ,bul4 #bh4  
#ahif4        ,%]man1 ,h4 ,c4 ,food     
products4 ,macmillan4 #aibd4            
,mill]1 ,elna4 ,tomatoes1 _! value &    
uses4 ,utah ,exp4 ,/a4       ,cir4 #dg4 
#aicb4        ,ellis1 ,eliz4 ,e4 ,us+   

tomatoes 9 family meals4 ,n4,h4 ,exp4   
,/a4 ,cir4 #bbe4 #aidj4         ,cann]y 
,beattie1 ,j4 ,h4 ,tomatoes = cann+ &   
manufactur+4 ,u4,s4       ,dept4 ( ,agr4
 ,f>m]s ,bul4 #abcc4 ,rev4 #aicj4       
,lanca%ire1 ,e4 ,r41 ,p>ks1 ,t4 ,h4 &   
,pi]/orff1 ,a4 ,l4 ,tomatoes       =    
cann+4 ,ohio ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aad4     
#aice4        ,he/]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,good1 fair
 or poor tomatoes f y\r soil4           
,campbell ,s\p ,co41 ,bul4 #b4 #aidj4   
,cruess1 ,w4 ,v4 ,comm]cial fruit &     
vegetable products4                     
,mc,graw-,hill4 #aibd4        ,p$]son1  
,c4 ,s4 ,prep>ation ( tomato products4  
,n4,y4 ,exp4       ,/a4 ,cir4 #agh4     
#aicg4        ,gaylord1 ,f4 ,c4 &       
,fawcett1 ,k4 ,l4 ,a /udy ( grade1      
quality       & price ( cann$ tomatoes  
sold at retail 9 ,indiana4 ,ind4        
,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #dch4 #aici4           
,saywell1 ,l4 ,g4 & ,cruess1 ,w4 ,v4 ,! 
composition ( cann+       tomatoes4     
,calif4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ede4 #aicb4   
,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 & ,=d1 ,o4 ,w4  

,tomato quality z       influ5c$ by !   
relative am\nt ( out] & inn] wall       
region4 ,ind4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cbg4    
#aibh4        ,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4   
,tomato color z relat$ to quality 9 !   
tomato cann+ indu/ry4 ,ind4 ,exp4 ,/a4  
,bul4 #cej4 #aica4        ,gaylord1 ,f4 
,c4 & ,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 ,tomato   
quality /udies4       ,field & h>ve/    
factors affect+ grade4 ,ind4 ,exp4 ,/a4 
,bul4       #cid4 #aicd4        ,hauck1 
,c4 ,w4 ,m>ket+ cann]y tomatoes on grade
 9 ,ohio4 ,ohio       ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4  
#ejd4 #aicb4         ,gre5h\se          
,beattie1 ,j4 ,h4 ,gre5h\se tomatoes4   
,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4       ,f>m]s ,bul4
 #adca4 ,rev4 #aici4        ,h(fman1 ,i4
 ,c4 ,gr[+ ( gre5h\se tomatoes4 ,ohio   
,exp4 ,/a4       ,bul4 #dii4 #aicb4     
,burk1 ,e4 ,f4 & ,rob]ts1 ,r4 ,h4 ,gr[+ 
gre5h\se tomatoes4       ,wisc4 ,exp4   
,/a4 ,bul4 #dah4 #aica4        ,gilb]t1 
,b4 ,e4 & ,pemb]1 ,f4 ,r4 ,relative     
effici5cy (       v>i\s organic         
supplem5ts 9 ! gr[? ( gre5h\se          

tomatoes4 ,r4,i4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bcf4 
#aicb4        ,gilb]t1 ,b4 ,e4 & ,pemb]1
 ,f4 ,r4 ,economical am\nts ( nitrate   
( soda to apply 9 ! gre5h\se = ! gr[? ( 
tomatoes4       ,r4,i4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 
#beb4 #aice4        ,b\quet1 ,a4 ,g4 ,p4
 ,an analysis ( ! *>act]s ( !           
infloresc5ce & fruit+ habit ( "s        
v>ieties (       gre5h\se tomatoes4     
,cornell ,exp4 ,/a4 ,memoir #aci4 #aicb4
       ,biblio4        ,seaton1 ,h4 ,l4 
& ,gray1 ,g4 ,f4 ,hi/ological /udy (    
tissues       f gre5h\se tomatoes       
affect$ by blot*y rip5+4 ,j\r4          
,agr4 ,rese>* 7,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr471  
,vol4 #eb1 ,no4 #c1 pp4       #bag-bbd4 
#aicf4         ,bre$+ & ,v>ieties       
,boswell1 ,v4 ,r4 ,improvem5t & g5etics 
( tomatoes1 pepp]s1       & eggplant4   
,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,ye>book4 #aicg4  
pp4 #agf-bjf4       ,full biblio4       
,boswell1 ,v4 ,r41 et al4 ,description (
 ,am]ican v>ieties (       tomatoes4    
,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,misc4 ,publ4     
#afj4 #aicc4        ,mull]1 ,c4 ,h4 ,a  

revision ( ! g5us ,lycop]sicon4 ,u4,s4  
,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,misc4 ,publ4 #chb4      
#aidj4        ,morrison1 ,gordon4       
,tomato v>ieties4 ,mi*4 ,exp4 ,/a4      
,spec4 ,bul4       #bij4 #aich4         
,my]s1 ,c4 ,e4 & ,lewis1 ,m4 ,t4 ,!     
effect ( selection 9 !       tomato4    
,p5n4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bdh4 ,rev4 ,may 
#b1 #aicj4        ,yeag]1 ,a4 ,f4       
,tomato bre$+4 ,n4,d4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4  
#bgf4 #aicc4        ,prit*>d1 ,f4 ,j4   
,developm5t ( wilt-resi/ant tomatoes4   
,u4,s4       ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,bul4 #ajae4
 #aibb4        ,well+ton1 ,ri*>d4       
,comp>ison ( fir/ g5]ation tomato       
crosses & _! p>5ts4 ,m9n4 ,exp4 ,/a4    
,te*4 ,bul4 #f4 ,rev4       #aibc4      
,gro?1 ,b4 ,h4 ,a4 ,! ,f#a h]$it>y (    
size1 %ape1 &       numb] 9 tomato      
fruits4 ,n4,j4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bdb4   
#aiab4        ,l9d/rom1 ,e4 ,w4 ,h]$it>y
 correlation ( size & color             
*>act]s 9 tomatoes4 ,i[a ,exp4 ,/a4     
,rese>* ,bul4 #ic4 #aibf4        ,porte1
 ,w4 ,s4 & ,wellman1 ,f4 ,l4 ,developm5t

 ( int]specific       tomato hybrids4   
,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,cir4 #ehd4 #aida4
        ,babb1 ,m4 ,f4 & ,kraus1 ,j4 ,e4
 ,results ( tomato v>iety te/s       9 !
 great pla9s region4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 (    
,agr4 ,cir4 #ecc4       #aici4          
,anon4 ,a haploid m>globe tomato4 ,j\r4 
( ,h]$ity1       ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,vol4 
#bg1 ,no4 #aa1 #aicf4        ,huels51   
,w4 ,a4 ,new wilt-resi/ant tomato       
v>ieties = field       & gre5h\se4 ,ill4
 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4 #ddh4 #aicf4          
,plants = ,transplant+        ,nissley1 
,c4 ,h4 ,plant gr[+ & plant gr[+        
/ructures4       ,n4,j4 ,ext4 ,bul4 #ea4
 #aibf4        ,tuss+1 ,e4 ,b4 &        
,lanca%ire1 ,e4 ,r4 ,gr[+ vegetable     
plants4       ,ohio ,ext4 ,bul4 #ajc4   
#aicj4        ,raleigh1 ,g4 ,j4 ,/>t+   
vegetable plants4 ,cornell ,ext4 ,bul4  
#ddh4 ,oct4 #aidj4        ,cri/1 ,j4 ,w4
 ,ultimate effect ( h>d5+ tomato plants4
 ,mi*4       ,exp4 ,/a4 ,te*4 ,bul4 #hi4
 #aibh4        ,h>vey1 ,r4 ,b4 &        
,wright1 ,r4 ,c4 ,fro/ injury to        

tomatoes4       ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4   
,bul4 #ajii4 #aibb4        ,seaton1 ,h4 
,l4 & ,/rong1 ,m4 ,c4 ,s\!rn-gr[n vs4   
locally       gr[n tomato plants4 ,mi*4 
,qu>t]ly ,bul4 ,vol4 #bj1 ,no4 #c1 pp4  
#aca-ada4 #aich4        ,alex&]1 ,l4    
,j41 ,"y1 ,h4 ,c4 & ,kig]1 ,c4 ,m4 ,!   
causes &       control ( damp+-(f (     
tomato se$l+s4 ,ohio ,exp4 ,/a4         
,bul4 #dif4 #aica4        ,van ,halt]n1 
,frank4 ,control ( tomato se$b$ diseases
 (       s\!rn plants4 ,ga4 ,exp4 ,/a4  
,bul4 #ahg4 #aice4         ,f]tiliz]s   
,"w1 ,paul4 ,tomato f]tiliz] exp]im5ts 9
 ,*autauqua       ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4   
,cornell ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #dfg4 #aibh4  
,h>tman1 ,j4 ,d41 ,"w1 ,paul ,wessels1  
,p4 ,h4 ,tomato f]tiliz]       exp]im5ts
 on ,long ,isl&4 ,cornell ,exp4 ,/a4    
,bul4 #fgf4 #aicg4        ,mack1 ,w4    
,b41 ,/\t1 ,g4 ,j4 & ,rahn1 ,e4 ,m4     
,f]tiliz]       exp]im5ts ) tomatoes4   
,p5na4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cic4 #aidj4    
,sayre1 ,c4 ,b4 ,effects ( f]tiliz]s &  
rotation on e>l9ess       & total yields

 ( tomatoes4 ,n4,y4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4    
#fai4 #aicc4        ,sayre1 ,c4 ,b4     
,/>t] solutions4 ,f>m ,rese>* 7,n4,y4   
,exp4 ,/a4       ,g5eva7 ,vols4 #e1 #f1 
& #g1 ,no4 #b4 ,april #aici1 '#dj1 '#da4
        ,p>k]1 ,m4 ,m4 ,tomato          
f]tilization4 7#a7 ,! effect (          
diff]5t f]tiliz] ratios on ! yield to   
tomatoes4 ,va4 ,exp4       ,/a4 ,bul4   
#hj4 #aicc4        ,c>olus1 ,r4 ,l4     
,tomato f]tilization4 7#b7 ,! effect (  
diff]5t f]tiliz] ratios on ! *emical    
composition (       tomatoes4 ,va4 ,exp4
 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ha4 #aicc4        ,?omas1  
,r4 ,p4 ,effect ( f]tiliz] treatm5ts ( a
 soil on !       quality & yield (      
tomatoes4 ,md4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #chf4   
#aice4        ,fri5d1 ,w4 ,h4 ,tomato   
v>ieties & f]tiliz]s = ! l[]       ,rio 
,gr&e valley ( ,texas4 ,texas ,exp4 ,/a4
 ,bul4 #dch4 #aica4        ,com91       
,donald & ,bu%nell1 ,john4 ,f]tiliz]s = 
e>ly       cabbage1 tomatoes1 cucumb]s1 
& sweet corn4 ,ohio ,exp4 ,/a4          
,bul4 #dbj4 #aibh4        ,hepl]1 ,j4   

,r4 & ,kraybill1 ,h4 ,r4 ,effect (      
phosphorus ^u       ! yield & "t (      
maturity ( ! tomato4 ,n4,h4 ,exp4 ,/a4  
,te*4 ,bul4 #bh4 ,rev4 #aibf4           
,he/]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,soil f]tility 9 tomato  
production4 ,campbell       ,s\p ,co4   
,bul4 #c4 #aida4         ,cultural      
,practices        ,?ompson1 ,h4 ,c4     
,prun+ & tra9+ tomatoes4 ,cornell ,exp4 
,/a4 ,bul4 #ehj4 #aicd4        ,watts1  
,v4 ,m4 ,prun+ & tra9+ tomatoes 9       
,arkansas4 ,ark4       ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 
#bib4 #aicc4        ,hibb>d1 ,r4 ,p4 ,! 
v>i\s effects ( fro/ protectors on      
tomato plants4 ,mi*4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,te*4   
,bul4 #abd4 #aicb4        ,?ompson1 ,h4 
,c4 ,exp]im5tal /udies ( ! effects (    
cultivation ( c]ta9 vegetable crops4    
,cornell ,expt4 ,/a4       ,memoir #ajg4
 #aibg4         ,physiology             
,kraus1 ,e4 ,j4 & ,kraybill1 ,h4 ,r4    
,vegetation & reproduction       )      
special ref]5ce to ! tomato4 ,ore4 ,exp4
 ,/a4 ,bul4 #adi4       #aiah4 ,biblio4 
,"w1 ,paul4 ,nitrate ( soda 9 !         

nutrition ( ! tomato4       ,cornell    
,exp4 ,/a4 ,memoir #ge4 #aibd4          
,ar?ur1 ,j4 ,m41 ,gu?rie1 ,j4 ,d4 &     
,newell1 ,john ,m4 ,"s effects       (  
artificial climates on ! gr[? & *emical 
composition       ( plants4 ,am]4 ,j\r4 
( ,botany1 #ag3 #daf-dhb4 #aicj4        
,murneek1 ,a4 ,e4 ,physiology (         
reproduction 9 horticultural            
plants4 7#a7 ,reproduction & metabolic  
effici5cy 9 !       tomato4 ,mo4 ,exp4  
,/a4 ,rese>* ,bul4 #ij4 #aibf4          
,murneek1 ,a4 ,e4 ,effects ( correlation
 betwe5 vegetative &       reproductive 
functions 9 ! tomato4 ,plant            
,physiology1 ,vol4       ,i1 ,no4 #a4   
#aibf4        ,night+ale1 ,g4 ,t4 ,!    
*emical composition ( plants 9          
relation to photo-p]iodic *anges4 ,wis4 
,exp4 ,/a4 ,rese>*       ,bul4 #gd4     
#aibg4        ,port]1 ,a4 ,m4 ,effect ( 
light int5sity on ! photosyn!tic        
effici5cy ( tomato plants4 ,plant       
,physiology1 ,vol4 #ab3 pp4             
#bbe-beb4 #aicg4        ,night+ale1 ,g4 

,t4 ,effects ( temp]ature on metabolism 
9       tomato4 ,botanical ,gazette1    
,vol4 #ie1 ,no4 #a4 #aicc4              
,phillips1 ,t4 ,g41 ,smi?1 ,t4 ,o4 &    
,hepl]1 ,j4 ,r4 ,"s effects       (     
potassium & nitrog5 on ! composition ( !
 tomato       plant4 ,n4,h4 ,exp4 ,/a4  
,te*4 ,bul4 #gc4 #aici4                 
,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 ,effect (       
phosphorus on ! composition (       !   
tomato plant4 ,j\r4 ( ,agr4 ,rese>*4    
,vol4 #cd1 ,no4 #b4 pp4       #ig-abg4  
#aibg4        ,janss51 ,g41 ,b>?olomew1 
,r4 ,r4 & ,watts1 ,v4 ,m4 ,"s effects   
( nitrog51 phosphorus1 & potassium on ! 
composition &       gr[? ( tomato       
plants4 ,ark4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #caj4    
#aicd4        ,eck]son1 ,sophia ,h4     
,influ5ce ( phosphorus defici5cy on     
metabolism ( ! tomato4 ,contribs4 (     
,boyce ,?ompson       ,in/itute4 ,vol4  
#c1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #aig-bah4 #aica4       
,fi%]1 ,p4 ,l4 ,responses ( ! tomato 9  
solution cultures       ) defici5cies & 
excesses ( c]ta9 ess5tial elem5ts4      

,md4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cge4 #aice4      
,h[lett1 ,f4 ,s4 ,effect ( c>bohydrate  
defici5cy ^u       =mation ( sex cells 9
 tomato4 ,ohio ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ecb4   
#aicd4        ,h[lett1 ,f4 ,s4 ,!       
modification ( fl[] /ructure by         
environm5t 9 v>ieties ( ,lycop]sicum    
escul5tum4 ,j\r4 (       ,agr4 ,rese>*1 
,vol4 #eh1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #gi-aag4 #aici4 
,watts1 ,v4 ,m4 ,"s factors :i* influ5ce
 gr[? & fruit+       ( ! tomato4 ,ark4  
,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bfg4 #aica4           
,watts1 ,v4 ,m4 ,gr[? & fruit+ responses
 to prun+ &       defloration ( tomato  
plants4 ,ark4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cdg4    
#aicg4        ,smi?1 ,ora4 ,poll9ation &
 life-hi/ory /udies ( ! tomato          
7,lycop]sicon escul5tum mill47 ,cornell 
,exp4 ,/a4 ,memoir #ahd4       #aice4   
,smi?1 ,ora4 ,relation ( temp]ature to  
an!sis & blossom       drop ( ! tomato  
toge!r ) a hi/ological /udy ( !         
pi/ils4 ,j\r4 ( ,agr4 ,rese>*4 ,vol4    
#dd1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #ahc-aij4       #aicb4
        ,smi?1 ,ora & ,co*ran1 ,h4 ,l4  

,effect ( temp]ature on poll5           
g]m9ation & tube gr[? 9 ! tomato4       
,cornell ,exp4 ,/a4       ,memoir #age4 
#aice4        ,smi?1 ,ora4 ,effects (   
light on c>ot5oid =mation 9 tomato      
fruits4 ,cornell ,exp4 ,/a4 ,memoir     
#ahg4 #aicf4        ,reid1 ,m>y ,e4     
,gr[? ( tomato cutt+s 9 relation to /or$
       c>bohydrate & nitrog5\s comp\nds4
 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ( ,botany1       ,vol4 #ac3
 pp4 #edh-egd4 #aibf4        ,fo/]1 ,a4 
,c4 & ,tatman1 ,e4 ,c4 ,influ5ce ( c]ta9
       environm5t conditions ( conge/ion
 ( />* 9 tomato plant       /ems4 ,j\r4 
( ,agr4 ,rese>*4 ,vol4 #ef1 ,no4 #ab1   
pp4 #hfi-hhb4       #aich4              
,diseases & ,insects        ,*upp1 ,*as4
 ,manual ( vegetable-g>d5 diseases4     
,macmillan4       #aibe4        ,kad[1  
,k4 ,j4 & ,%rop%ire1 ,l4 ,h4 ,tomato    
diseases & insect       pe/s4           
7,id5tification & control47 ,ill4 ,exp4 
,/a4 ,cir4 #dbh4       #aice4           
,web]1 ,g4 ,f4 & ,kelb]t1 ,d4 ,g4 ,a4   
,seasonal occurr5ce (       tomato      

diseases 9 ,florida4 ,fla4 ,/a4 ,bul4   
#cde4 #aidj4        ,samson1 ,r4 ,w4 &  
,?omas1 ,h4 ,rex4 ,tomato diseases 9    
,indiana4       ,ind4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4  
#beg4 #aidj4        ,/rong1 ,m4 ,c4     
,tomato diseases 9 ,mi*igan4 ,mi*4 ,exp4
 ,/a4       ,cir4 ,bul4 #aci4 #aicb4    
,"y1 ,p4 ,a41 ,h>rison1 ,a4 ,l4 &       
,alt/att1 ,g4 ,e4 ,common       diseases
 ( tomatoes4 ,texas ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4    
#hf4 #aidj4        ,horsfall1 ,j4 ,g41  
,magie1 ,r4 ,o4 & ,suit1 ,r4 ,f4        
,bordeaux injury       to tomatoes & its
 effect on rip5+4 ,n4,y4 ,exp4 ,/a4     
,g5eva4 ,te*4 ,bul4 #bea4 #aich4        
,ramsey1 ,g4 ,b4 & ,l9k1 ,g4 ,k4 ,k4    
,m>ket diseases ( fruits &              
vegetables3 ,tomatoes1 pepp]s1          
eggplants4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4        
,misc4 ,pub4 #aba4 #aicb4               
,m>ket+        ,p>sons1 ,f4 ,e4         
,prep>ation ( fre% tomatoes = m>ket4    
,u4,s4       ,dept4 ( ,agr4 ,f>m]s'     
,bul4 #abia4 ,rev4 #aicj4               
,wright1 ,r4 ,c4 & ,gorman1 ,e4 ,a41    

,jr4 ,rip5+ & repack+ (       mature    
gre5 tomatoes4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr4    
,cir4 #eff4 #aidj4        ,s&o1 ,*>les  
,e4 ,! process ( rip5+ 9 ! tomato1      
consid]$ especially f ! comm]cial       
/&po9t4 ,u4,s4       ,dept4 ( ,agr4     
,bul4 #hei4 #aibj4        ,wright1 ,r4  
,c41 ,p5tz]1 ,w4 ,t4 et al4 ,effect (   
v>i\s       temp]atures on ! /orage &   
rip5+ ( tomatoes4 ,u4,s4       ,dept4 ( 
,agr4 ,te*4 ,bul4 #bfh4 #aica4          
,frazi]1 ,w4 ,a4 ,cracks 9 tomato       
fruits4 ,am]ican ,soc4 =       ,hort4   
,sci4 ,vol4 #cb1 pp4 #eai-ebc4 #aicd4   
,br[n1 ,h4 ,d4 & ,price1 ,c4 ,v4 ,effect
 ( irrigation1 degree (       maturity &
 %ad+ ^u yield & degree ( crack+ (      
tomatoes4 ,am]4 ,soc4 = ,horti4 ,sci4   
,vol4 #cb1 pp4 #ebd-ebh4       #aicd4   
,y>nell1 ,s4 ,h41 ,fri5d1 ,w4 ,h4 &     
,wood1 ,j4 ,f4 ,factors       affect+ ! 
am\nt ( puff+ 9 tomatoes4 ,texas ,exp4  
,/a4       ,bul4 #eda4 #aicg4           
,le,crone1 ,fr$die & ,hab]1 ,e4 ,s4     
,*anges 9 ! pectic       con/itu5ts (   

tomatoes 9 /orage4 ,i[a ,/ate ,college  
,j\r4       ( ,sci4 ,vol4 #ab1 ,no4 #d4 
pp4 #dfg-dgf4 #aicc4 ,good biblio4      
,"w1 ,paul4 ,e?yl5e rip5+ ( tomatoes 9  
relation to /age       ( maturity4 ,am]4
 ,soc4 = ,hort4 ,sci4 #aibh4 pp4 #fa-fd4
        ,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 ,tomato 
color z relat$ to quality 9 !           
tomato cann+ indu/ry4 ,ind4 ,exp4 ,/a4  
,bul4 #cej4 #aica4        ,vogele1 ,a4  
,c4 ,effect ( environm5tal factors ^u ! 
color       ( ! tomato & ! wat]melon4   
,plant ,physiology1 ,vol4 #ab1       pp4
 #ibi-iee4 #aicg4        ,lanham1 ,w4   
,b4 ,effect ( pota% f]tiliz] on ! c>ry+ 
quality ( tomatoes4 ,texas ,exp4 ,/a4   
,bul4 #ceg4 #aibg4        ,w>dlaw1 ,c4  
,w41 & ,mc,guire1 ,l4 ,p4 ,! /orage (   
tropically-gr[n tomatoes4 7,l[ ,temp4   
,/a41 ,imp]ial ,college       (         
,tropical ,agr4 ,tr9idad1 ,b4,w4,i47    
,e4,m4,b4 #ei4 #aicb4        ,rosa1 ,j4 
,t4 ,rip5+ & /orage ( tomatoes4 #aibf   
,proce$+s       ( ! ,am]ican ,soc4 =    
,hort4 ,sci4 pp4 #a-aj4        ,hab]1   

,e4 ,s4 ,acidity & color *anges 9       
tomatoes "u       v>i\s /orage          
temp]atures4 ,i[a ,/ate ,college ,j\r4 (
 ,sci4       ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #c1 pp4     
#aga-ahd4 #aica4        ,diehl1 ,h4 ,c4 
,! *ill+ ( tomatoes4 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 (    
,agri4       ,dept4 ,cir4 #cae4 #aibd4  
,"s problems 9 m>ket+ tomatoes gr[n 9 ! 
l[] ,rio       ,gr&e ,valley ( ,texas4  
,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agri4 ,m>ket+          
,in=mation ,s]ies ,g4,c4,m4#d4 #aich4   
,co/s & ,economics        ,campbell1 ,c4
 ,e4 ,an economic /udy ( tomato         
production =       cann+ 9 ,arkansas4   
,ark4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bbe4 #aibh4     
,walk]1 ,w4 ,p4 ,an economic /udy ( !   
production ( tomatoes       9 ,m>yl&4   
,md4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cjd4 #aibi4      
,montgom]y1 ,t4 ,m4 ,jr41 & ,eff]son1   
,j4 ,n4 ,a co/ (       production /udy (
 tomatoes 9 ,nor? ,l\isiana1 #aici4 ,la4
       ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cbi4 #aida4    
,c>ncross1 ,j4 ,w41 ,ca?c>t1 ,c4 ,s4 et 
al4 ,economic review (       ,new ,j]sey
 ,agriculture4 ,ext4 ,s]vice ,no4 #gb4  

pp4 #hi-if4 #aica4        ,c>ncross1 ,j4
 ,w4 & ,nissley1 ,c4 ,h4 ,new ,j]sey    
,c-h\se       tomato production4 ,co/s &
 recomm5dations = #aicb4 ,n4,j4         
,ext4 ,bul4 #if4 #aicb4                 
,haw?orne1 ,h4 ,w4 ,co/ ( production (  
tomatoes 7#bj /ates       #aiac-aicd7   
,mimeo4 ,bul4 ( ,agr4 ,eco41 ,u4,s4     
,dept4 ( ,agr41 ,nov4       #aicf4      
,,index       ,ammo-phos1 #ce           
,aphis1 #ij      ,arnon1 ,d4 ,i41 #bj   
,ar?ur1 ,j4 ,m41 #ba       ,b>rons1 ,k4 
,c41 #dg      ,bison1 #df      ,blight1 
#hf1 #hh      ,block+ plants1 #fb       
,blossom end rot1 #hc      ,bonny ,be/1 
#dg      ,botany1 #bj      ,b\nty1 #dg  
,bre$+1 #ch       ,cann]y1 #ad1 #ed1    
#ajh1 #aac1 #aag      ,c>bohydrate1 #bi 
,c> load+1 #aje      ,c]tification1     
plants1 #eg      ,c]tification1 se$s1   
#da      ,*alk ,jewel1 #dg      ,*ili   
sauce1 #ad      ,*romosomes1 #da        
,climate1 #bj1 #ga      ,co*ran1 ,h4    
,l41 #bc      ,cold frames1 #eg         
,comet1 #ej      ,composition1 #ae      

,compo/1 #fc      ,condim5ts1 #ad       
,co/s1 #ag1 #aag      ,crack+1 #hc      
,cr[n ,se$1 #dj      ,cultivation1 #ge  
,curly top1 #hh      ,cut worms1 #ia    
,damp+ (f1 #fe1 #ij      ,description ( 
tomato1 #bj      ,det]m9ate habit1 #bb  
,dirt b&s1 #eg1 #fb      ,diseases1 #he 
,e>liana1 #df      ,e>l9ess1 #cc1 #ec   
,economics1 #aa1 #af1 #aaf      ,embryo1
 #ch      ,em]son1 ,r4 ,a41 #gh         
,f]tilization1 #be      ,field conta9]s1
 #id      ,flats = plants1 #fj          
,flea beetles1 #ib      ,floral *>act]s1
 #bb      ,=c+1 #ah      ,fruitfulness1 
#bi      ,fruit worm1 #ia      ,fus>ium1
 #ch1 #db1 #di1 #ej1 #hf                
,geography1 #ag      ,g]m9ation1 #ch    
,grad+1 #ajj      ,great] ,baltimore1   
#ej      ,gre5 wraps1 #if      ,gre5h\se
 culture1 #ah      ,gre5h\ses = plant   
gr[+1 #eh      ,gr\nd *]ry1 #ea         
,gulf ,/ate ,m>ket1 #ej      ,gu?rie1   
,j4 ,d41 #ba       ,h>d5+1 #fh          
,h>ve/+1 #ic      ,h>vey1 ,r4 ,b41 #fi  
,hepl]1 ,j4 ,h41 #cc      ,het]osis1 #ci

      ,hi/ory1 #ae      ,hit*cock1 ,a4  
,e41 #bd      ,hoagl&1 ,d4 ,r41 #bj     
,home g>d51 #aa1 #bf1 #ed1 #gi          
,home ,g>d51 v>iety1 #dg      ,horn     
worms1 #ib      ,hot b$s1 #eg           
,h[lett1 ,f4 ,s41 #bd      ,husk tomato1
 #ea      ,hybrid vigor1 #ci            
,ideal v>iety1 #db      ,immature gre51 
#ie      ,insects1 #ia      ,int]nal    
nutrition1 #bi      ,irrigation1 #gf    
,jamison1 ,f4 ,s41 #ih      ,john ,ba]1 
#dg      ,juice1 #ad       ,ket*up1 #ad 
,k+ ,humb]t1 #ea      ,klebs1 #bi       
,kraus1 ,e4 ,j41 #bi      ,kraybill1 ,h4
 ,r41 #bi1 #cc       ,lanham1 ,w4 ,b41  
#cd      ,leaf blight1 #hf1 #hh         
,lime1 #be      ,l9d/rom1 ,e4 ,w41 #da  
,longevity1 #ch      ,loomis1 ,w4 ,e41  
#ff1 #fi      ,lug box1 #ajc            
,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h41 #cc1 #ie       
,mack1 ,w4 ,b41 #ce      ,manure1       
animal1 #cd      ,m>globe1 #dh          
,m>ket diseases1 #ij      ,m>ket+1 #ic  
,mature gre51 #ie      ,maturity1 #id   
,mosaic1 #hh      ,mul*1 #gf1 #gh       

,murneek1 ,a4 ,e41 #ca      ,my]s1 ,c4  
,e41 #dg       ,newell1 ,j4 ,m41 #ba    
,nitrog51 #bf1 #bh1 #cg      ,nutritive 
value1 #aa1 #ae1 #ah       ,pack+1 #ajc 
,p>!noc>py1 #bd      ,p5n ,/ate1 #dg    
,p] capita consumption1 #ah             
,phosphorus1 #bf1 #cb1 #ce              
,physalis1 #ea      ,placem5t (         
f]tiliz]1 #ce      ,plant b$s1 op51 #ef 
,plants = transplant+1 #ec              
,poll9ation1 #bc1 #ci      ,pond]osa1   
#ea      ,pota%1 #bf1 #cd               
,potassium nitrate1 #ce      ,potato    
beetle1 #ia      ,pots1 clay1 #fj       
,pots1 pap]1 #fj      ,price1 #af       
,prit*>d1 v>iety1 #ej      ,prit*>d1 ,f4
 ,j41 ,frontispiece1 #dh1 #hg           
,protectors1 #gb      ,prun+1 #fg1 #gi  
,puff9ess1 #ajb      ,purdum1 ,l4 ,w41  
,sons1 #gh      ,puree & pa/e1 #ad      
,rahn1 ,e4 ,m41 #ce      ,ref]5ces1 #aa1
 #ab1 #aai      ,requirem5ts1 #bj       
,rip5+1 #if      ,roadside sell+1 #aab  
,rosa1 ,j4 ,t41 #fi      ,runn+ to v9e1 
#bi      ,rutg]s1 #ej       ,s&o1 ,c4   

,e41 #if      ,san ,m>zano1 #ea         
,sav+ se$1 #ci1 #dj      ,sayre1 ,c4    
,b41 #ce      ,sc>let ,dawn1 #dh        
,se$1 #ch      ,se$ ,s[+1 #ef1 #fc      
,se$ treatm5t1 #fc      ,se$less fruits1
 #bd      ,selection1 #dj      ,sell+1  
#ic1 #aaj      ,septoria1 #hf           
,sett+ fruit1 #bi      ,side dress+1    
#ce1 #cg      ,smi?1 ,ora1 #bc          
,soil1 field1 #be      ,soil1 plant     
gr[+1 #fc      ,solution culture1 #ah   
,s\!rn plants1 #ef      ,spac+ 9 field1 
#gc      ,/ak+1 #gi      ,/alk bor]1 #ib
      ,/>t] solutions1 #ce1 #ge         
,/ati/ics1 #af      ,/]iliz+ soil1 #fc1 
#ij      ,/okesdale1 #dh      ,/\t1 ,g4 
,j41 #ce      ,sunscald1 #hc            
,temp]ature = plant gr[+1 #fe           
,?ompson1 ,h4 ,c1 #hb1 #hc1 #ih         
,ti$j5s1 ,v4 ,h41 #cg      ,tra9+1 #gi  
,transplant]s1 #gd      ,transplant+1   
#ff1 #gd      ,trellis sy/em1 #gi       
,uses1 #ad       ,v>ieties1 #df         
,vegetation & fruitfulness1 #bi         
,victor1 #dg      ,virus1 #hh           

,wat] culture1 #ah      ,wat]+1 #gd     
,wat]+ plants1 #fe      ,watts1 ,v4 ,m41
 #gj      ,well+ton1 ,ri*>d1 #ci        
,"w1 ,paul1 #ca      ,wright1 ,r4 ,c41  
#ih       ,yeag]1 ,a4 ,f41 #df1 #dg     
,yell[s 7,see also fus>ium71 #hh        
,yield1 #af1 #ag1 #aag       ,zimm]man1 
,p4 ,w41 #bd     ,,footnotes3   #a      
,hoagl&1 ,d4 ,r4 & ,arnon1 ,d4 ,i4 ,!   
wat] culture me?od = gr[+ plants )\t    
soil4 ,calif4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,cir4 #cdg4    
,dec4 #aich4  #b ,ar?ur1 ,j4 ,m41       
,gu?rie1 ,j4 ,d4 & ,newell1 ,j4 ,m4 ,"s 
effects ( artificial climates on ! gr[? 
& *emical composition ( plants4 ,am]4   
,j\r4 ,bot4 #ag3daf-dhb4 #aicj4  #c     
,smi?1 ,ora & ,co*ran1 ,h4 ,l4 ,effect (
 temp]ature on poll5 g]m9ation & tube   
gr[? 9 ! tomato4 ,cornell ,memoir #age4 
#aice4  #d ,h[lett1 ,f4 ,s4 ,use (      
*emicals to /imulate fruitfulness 9     
tomatoes4 ,veg4 ,gr[]s ,asso4 ( ,am]ica 
,rept4 #aida1 pp4 #bjc-bad4 #aida4      
,zimm]man1 ,p4 ,w4 & ,hit*cock1 ,a4 ,e4 
,=mative effects induc$ )               

,b-,naph?oxyacetic acid4 ,contribution f
 ,boyce ,?ompson ,in/4 ,vol4 #ab #a1    
,april-,june1 #aida4  #e ,f]tiliz]      
recomm5dations are be/ giv5 9 =m ( p\nds
 p] acre ( nitrog5 7,n71 phosphoric acid
 7,p#b,o#e7 & pota% 7,k#b,o74 ,^!       
figures are !n translat$ into p\nds p]  
acre ( mat]ials or ( mix$ f]tiliz]s4  #f
 ,kraus1 ,e4 ,j4 & ,kraybill1 ,h4 ,r4   
,vegetation & reproduction ) special    
ref]5ce to ! tomato4 ,oreg4 ,bul4 #adi4 
#aiah4  #g ,"w1 ,paul4 ,nitrate ( ,soda 
9 ! nutrition ( ! tomato4 ,cornell      
,memoir #ge4 #aibd4  #h ,murneek1 ,a4   
,e4 ,! effects ( fruit on vegetative    
gr[? 9 plants4 ,am]4 ,soc4 ,hort4 ,sci4 
,rpt4 #aibd1 pp4 #bgd-bgf4  #i          
,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 ,effect (       
phosphorus on ! composition ( ! tomato  
plant4 ,j\r4 ,agr4 ,res4 #cd3 #ig-abg4  
#aibg4  #aj ,hepl]1 ,j4 ,h4 & ,kraybill1
 ,h4 ,r4 ,effect ( phosphorus ^u yield &
 maturity ( ! tomato4 ,n4 ,h4 ,te*4     
,bul4 #bh4 #aibe4  #aa ,mack1 ,w4 ,b41  
,/\t1 ,g4 ,j41 & ,rahn1 ,e4 ,m4         

,f]tiliz] exp]im5ts ) tomatoes4 ,p5n4   
,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cic4 #aidj4  #ab      
,sayre1 ,c4 ,b4 ,/>t] ,solutions4 ,f>m  
,rese>* 7,n4,y4 ,expt4 ,/a47 ,vols4 ,v1 
,,vi1 & ,,vii1 ,no4 #b1 ,april1 #aici1  
#aidj1 & #aida4  #ac ,well+ton1 ,ri*>d4 
,comp>ison ( fir/ g5]ation tomato       
crosses & _! p>5ts4 ,m9n4 ,te*4 ,bul4   
#f4 #aibb4  #ad ,loomis1 ,w4 ,e4 ,/udies
 9 ! transplant+ ( vegetable plants4    
,cornell ,memoir #hg4 #aibe4  #ae       
,watts1 ,v4 ,m4 ,factors affect+        
production ( wr9kl$ tomato fruits4      
,proc4 ,am]4 ,soc4 ,hort4 ,sci4 #cj3    
#eac-eag4 #aicd4  #af ,em]son1 ,r4 ,a4  
,exp]im5ts 9 mul*+ g>d5 vegetables4     
,neb4 ,bul4 #hj4 #aijc4  #ag ,?ompson1  
,h4 ,c4 ,prun+ & tra9+ tomatoes4        
,cornell ,/a4 ,bul4 #ehj4 #aicd4  #ah   
,mac,gillivray1 ,j4 ,h4 ,tomato color z 
relat$ to quality 9 cann+4 ,ind4 ,bul4  
#cej4 #aica4  #ai ,s&o1 ,c4 ,e4 ,!      
process ( rip5+ 9 ! tomato1 consid]$    
especially f ! comm]cial /&po9t4        
,u4,s4,d4,a4 ,bul4 #hei4 #aibj4  #bj    

,wright1 ,r4 ,c4 et al4 ,effect ( v>i\s 
/orage temp]atures on /orage & rip5+ (  
tomatoes4 ,u4,s4,d4,a4 ,te*4 ,bul4 #bfh4
 #aica4  #ba ,plat5ius1 ,h41 ,jamison1  
,f4 ,s41 & ,?ompson1 ,h4 ,c4 ,/udies on 
cold /orage ( vegetables4 ,cornell ,agr4
 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #fjb4 #aicd4