file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #chjdf-;h4htm or #chjdf-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #chjdf_/pg#chjdf-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#chjd f_/chjdf-;h4zip7 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,due to ! con/ra9ts ( a pla9 text file1 n all lett]s c be repres5t$ z orig9ally pr9t$4 ,^! lett]s are repres5t$ z foll[s3 x lett] ) tack above 7xx two lett]s ) a breve above xx two lett]s ) a macron above x3 a lett] ) an umlaut or dia]esis bel[ 7y lett] ) a breve above x lett] ) a macron bel[ x lett] ) a sla% ?r\gh x ,,bus9ess ,,engli% ,a ,practice ,book by ,,rose ,,buhlig ,tild5 ,high ,s*ool1 ,*icago ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? ,co41 ,publi%]s ,bo/on ,new ,york ,*icago ,copyright1 #aiad1 ,by ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? ,co4 #b;,,fi ,,preface ,,! au?or ( ?is book & ! writ] ( ?is preface h nev] met4 ,_! respective fields ( labor are a ?\s& miles ap>t4 ,yet su* is ! =ce ( ideas t _m ( _! ?\ghts & sympa?ies are common4 ,bus9ess ,engli%6 ,! v "n is an anomaly4 ,f a lit]>y po9t ( view !re is no su* ?+4 ,engli% is ,engli% :e!r x be us$ to express ! creations ( our imag9ation1 our ae/hetic appreciations1 or our daily wants4 ,!re is no magical comb9ation ( words1 phrases1 & s5t5ces t is peculi> & di/9ctive to bus9ess transactions4 ,bus9ess ,engli% z us$ 9 ^! pages means effective communication1 bo? oral & writt54 ,! au?or's aim ?r\gh\t has be5 to tea* ! art ( us+ words 9 su* a way z to make p ?9k & act4 ,to d ?is %e has appli$ ! pr9ciples ( lit]>y composition to ! highly complex & ev] increas+ problems ( our bus9ess life4 ,%e realizes t bus9ess is vital1 & t ! problems ( comm]ce are n to be met & h&l$ ) dead =ms & /]eotyp$ expressions ( legal blanks4 ,to use our language effectively x is necess>y to h an und]/&+ ( its elem5ts4 ,?us ! au?or has v wisely devot$ mu* space to ^w-/udy & ,engli% gramm>4 ,?is is a field commonly neglect$ 9 books on ! subject4 ,! p engag$ 9 bus9ess are1 on ! :ole1 woefully weak 9 ! gramm> ( our language4 ,x is believ$ t ! treatm5t h]e9 w be a great aid 9 correct+ ?is defici5cy4 ,if we h ideas1 we mu/ express !m 9 words1 & our words %\ld be s *os5 & arrang$ z n to (f5d1 b to please & int]e/4 ,?is result c be secur$ by a sy/ematic /udy ( ,"p ,i4 ,"p ,,ii deals ) oral & writt5 composition4 ,"h ! au?or has arrang$ h] subjects 9 su* a way z to give ! :ole a cumulative effect4 ,! me?od ?r\gh\t is inductive1 & suffici5t examples are always giv5 to w>rant ! conclusions drawn4 ,mo/ textbooks on ,bus9ess ,engli% neglect ! subject ( oral ,engli%4 ,?is book reg>ds ! spok5 ^w z important z ! writt5 ^w4 ,if !re be any "o feature 9 ?is textbook m to be comm5d$ ?an ano!r1 x is ! exposition 9 ,"p ,,iii4 ,! situations aris+ 9 _m diff]5t k9ds ( bus9ess are "h analyz$4 ,! au?or believes t ! way to become a good bus9ess correspond5t is1 fir/1 to le>n :at ! situation dem&s &1 second1 to practice meet+ ! dem&s4 ,we mu/ "k be=e we write4 ,giv5 a k ( ! subject1 we mu/ h mu* practice 9 express+ ourselves 9 su* a way z to make our composition effective4 ,! au?or meets ?is ne$ by supply+ _m & v>i$ ex]cises = practice4 ,^! ex]cises are live1 practical1 & up-to-date4 ,! problems to be solv$ are real1 n imag9>y4 ,?us ! p[] to be ga9$ 9 meet+ ^! situations & solv+ ^! problems w prove a real asset to ^? :o contemplate a bus9ess c>e]4 ,x is confid5tly hop$ t bo? tea*]s & pupils w f9d 9 ?is "w mat]ial :i* w help !m to prep>e !mselves to meet ! _m problems & dem&s ( our gr[+ comm]cial ne$s4 ,,daniel ,b4 ,,duncan ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,janu>y1 #aiad4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i--,,^w ,,/udy ,,& ,,gramm> ,,*apt] ,,page ,i ,,int]e/+ ,,words #a ,,ii ,,pronunciation #g ,,iii ,,spell+ ,,rules #ah ,,iv ,,^w ,,analysis #bi ,v ,,! ,,s5t5ce ,,& ,,its ,,elem5ts #da ,,vi ,,! ,,n\n ,,& ,,! ,,pron\n #eg ,,vii ,,! ,,adjective ,,& ,,! ,,adv]b #ge ,,viii ,,! ,,v]b #hc ,,ix ,,! ,,preposition ,,& ,,! ,,conjunction #aaf ,,"p ,,ii--,,composition3 ,,oral ,,& ,,writt5 ,x ,,oral ,,engli% #abg ,,xi ,,*oos+ ,,subjects #adf ,,xii ,,punctuation #aeh ,,xiii ,,! ,,cle> ,,s5t5ce #aii ,,xiv ,,! ,,p>agraph #bae ,,xv ,,bus9ess ,,lett]s #bbi ,,"p ,,iii--,,composition3 ,,bus9ess ,,practice ,,xvi ,,manufacture #bgj ,,xvii ,,di/ribution #bhb ,,xviii ,,adv]tis+ #cjh ,,xix ,,real ,,e/ate ,,& ,,insurance #cba ,,xx ,,bank+ #ccb ,,xxi ,,! ,,corporation #cec ,,index #cfi ,,bus9ess ,,engli% ,,"p ,i--,,^w ,,/udy ,,& ,,gramm> ,,*apt] ,i ,,int]e/+ ,,words ,,bus9ess ,engli% is ! expression ( our comm]cial life 9 ,engli%4 ,x is n synonym\s ) lett] writ+4 ,to be sure1 bus9ess lett]s are important1 b !y =m only a "p ( "o ( ! two l>ge divisions into :i* ! subject naturally falls4 ,fir/1 !re is oral expression1 important because s _m ( our bus9ess transactions are conduct$ p]sonally4 ,?\s&s ( salesm5 daily move f place to place ov] ! entire c\ntry1 e>n+ _! sal>ies by talk+ conv9c+ly ( ! goods t !y h to sell4 ,a /ill great] numb] ( cl]ks1 salesm51 manag]s1 & (ficials orally transact bus9ess 9 our %ops1 /ores1 (fices1 & banks4 ,compla9ts are adju/$2 difficulties are dis5tangl$2 & affairs ( magnitude are consummat$ 9 p]sonal int]views1 ! matt] "u discussion (t5 be+ ?\ght too important to be entru/$ to correspond5ce4 ,9 e bus9ess oral ,engli% is ess5tial4 ,second1 !re is writt5 expression4 ,?is takes acc\nt ( ! writ+ ( adv]tisem5ts1 circul>s1 booklets1 & prospectuses1 z well z ( lett]s4 ,& 9 ! prep>ation ( ^! oral ,engli% is fundam5tal4 ,x prec$es & practically includes ! writt5 expression4 ,= example1 we say colloquially t a good adv]tisem5t talks4 ,we mean t ! writ] has s fully realiz$ ! buy]'s po9t ( view t ! words ( ! adv]tisem5t seem to speak directly to ! read]1 ar\s+ 8 int]e/ or p]haps answ]+ 8 objection4 ,oral ,engli% is fundam5tal1 too1 9 ! writ+ ( lett]s1 = mo/ lett]s are dictat$ & n writt54 ,! correspond5t dictates !m to 8 /5ograph] or to a record+ ma*9e 9 ! same tone1 probably1 t he w\ld use if ! cu/om] 7 sitt+ be=e him4 ,b 9 tak+ ?is po9t ( view1 we %\ld n m9imize ! importance ( writt5 bus9ess ,engli%4 ,9 a way1 x is m difficult to write well ?an x is to talk well4 ,9 talk+ we are n tr\bl$ ) ! problems ( correct spell+1 prop] punctuation1 & good p>agraph+4 ,we may ev5 repeat some:at1 if only we are p]suasive4 ,b 9 writ+ we are confront$ ) ! necessity ( putt+ ! be/ ?\ghts into ! cle>e/1 mo/ concise language1 at ! same "t obey+ all ! rules ( spell+1 punctuation1 & gramm>4 ,! bus9ess man mu/ be sure ( ^! details 9 ord] to "k t 8 lett]s & adv]tis+ matt] are correct4 ,! /5ograph]1 especially1 mu/ be ?or\ghly famili> ) !m1 s t %e may correctly transcribe :at has be5 dictat$4 ,bus9ess ,engli% is mu* ! same z any o!r ,engli%4 ,x consi/s 9 expression by means ( words1 s5t5ces1 & p>agraphs4 ,moreov]1 !y are mu* ! same k9d ( words1 s5t5ces1 & p>agraphs t appe> 9 any book t is writt5 9 :at is commonly call$ ! lit]>y /yle4 ,9 a bus9ess lett] ! words are l>gely ^? ( e day use1 & b few are te*nical4 ,x is ! mann] 9 :i* ! words are put toge!r1 ! idea back ( ! s5t5ce1 t makes ! only diff]5ce4 ,we %all beg9 ! /udy ( bus9ess ,engli% ) a /udy ( words1 = 9 all expression1 :e!r oral or writt51 a k ( words1 ( _! mean+ & sugge/ive p[]1 is fundam5tal4 ,on ! *oice ( words dep5ds n only ! correctness b also ! effectiv5ess ( expression--! c\rtesy ( a lett]1 ! appeal ( an adv]tisem5t1 ! p]suasiv5ess ( a salesman's talk4 ,a ma/]y ( words _c be ga9$ at once4 ,e "t "o speaks1 he mu/ consid] :at words w be/ convey 8 idea4 ,9 ?is *apt] only ! b>e/ beg9n+ ( su* /udy c be made4 ,! ex]cises %[ ! value ( ! subject4 ,! /udy ( words is int]e/+ because words !mselves are int]e/+4 ,sometimes ! int]e/ consi/s 9 ! /ory ( ! d]ivation4 ,z an example1 consid] ! ^w italic4 ,_m words 9 ?is book are writt5 9 italic to draw att5tion to !m4 ,lit]ally ! ^w means relat+ to ,italy or its p4 ,x is n[ appli$ to a k9d ( type 9 :i* ! lett]s slope t[>d ! "r4 ,! type 0 call$ italic because x 0 d$icat$ to ! /ates ( ,italy by ! inv5tor1 ,manutius1 ab\t ! ye> #aejj4 ,an unabridg$ diction>y w tell all ab\t ! ^w4 ,! ^w sal>y tells a curi\s /ory4 ,x is d]iv$ f a ,lat9 ^w1 sal>ium1 mean+ salt money4 ,x 0 ! "n ( ! money t 0 giv5 to ! ,roman soldi]s = salt1 :i* 0 a "p ( _! pay4 ,f9ally1 in/ead ( signify+ only ! salt money1 x came to mean ! total pay4 ,practically all ( ?is in=mation a good diction>y gives4 ,9 o!r words1 a diction>y is a /ory book conta9+ n "o1 b hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( /ories4 ,:5ev] possible x tells :at language a ^w came f1 h[ x got its diff]5t mean+s1 & h[ ^? mean+s h *ang$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,= x is natural t words %\ld *ange j z /yles *ange1 names ( anci5t ?+s be+ lo/ & names = new ?+s be+ made4 ,z ! objects !mselves h gone out ( use1 _! names h also gone4 ,:5 a ^w has gone entirely out ( use1 x is m>k$ obsolete 9 ! diction>y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 new inv5tions mu/ be nam$4 ,?us new words are con/antly be+ add$ to ! language & ! diction>y because !y are ne$$4 ,!re is a l>ge class ( words t we %all n h "t to consid]4 ,!y are call$ te*nical4 ,e pr(ession1 bus9ess1 or trade has its di/9ctive words4 ,! te*nical words t a pr9t] w\ld use are entirely diff]5t f ^? :i* a d5ti/1 a bookkeep]1 or a lawy] w\ld use4 ,y w le>n ! te*nical t]ms ( y\r bus9ess mo/ ?or\ghly aft] y ent] x & see ! use = su* t]ms4 ,none ( ! words1 !re=e1 t y w be ask$ to se>* out 9 ! diction>y are1 /rictly speak+1 te*nical4 ,x is evid5t t x w d y no good to se>* out ! words 9 ! diction>y1 unless y le>n !m--unless y use !m correctly 9 speak+ & writ+4 ,!re is pleasure 9 ?us employ+ new mat]ial1 z ev]ybody kn[s4 ,use y\r eyes & e>s4 ,:5 y he> a new ^w1 or read "o1 focus ! m9d ^u x = a mom5t until y c reta9 a m5tal picture ( its spell+ & ( its pronunciation4 ,!n z soon z possible look x up 9 ! diction>y to fix its spell+1 pronunciation1 & def9ition4 ,d ?is regul>ly1 & y w h reason to be pr\d ( y\r vocabul>y4 ,an excell5t way to increase ! numb] ( words t y "k is to read ! "r k9d ( books4 ,! c>eful /udy ( ! words us$ 9 ! spee*es & addresses ( not$ m5 is good practice4 ,! conditions t call$ =? ! spee* 7 probably important1 & ! spee* itself int]e/+1 or x w\ld n be pres]v$4 ,:5 a man has an int]e/+ or important message to give1 he usually gives x 9 cle>1 exact1 simple language4 ,!re=e ! vocabul>y t he uses is wor? copy+4 ,z = /ories1 !re is a k9d t furni%es a weal? ( mat]ial t mod]n au?ors are con/antly us+ or ref]r+ to1 & ?is is f\nd 9 /ories ( ! ,bible1 /ories ( ,greek & ,nor!rn gods & goddesses1 /ories ( ! ,iliad1 ! ,odyssey1 ! neid1 /ories ( *ivalry--all old /ories4 ,e "o %\ld "k !m well1 because !y are ! basis ( _m allusions 9 :i* a s+le ^w (t5times sugge/s a :ole /ory4 ,! mean+ ( ! ^w h]culean1 = in/ance1 is miss$ if y d n "k ! /ory ( ,h]cules & "k t he 0 fam\s = 8 /r5g?4 ,ex]cise #a ,atlas is an int]e/+ ^w4 ,orig9ally x 0 ! "n ( a ,greek god1 :o c>ri$ ! _w on 8 %\ld]s4 ,!n x is suppos$ t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! fam\s geograph] ,m]cator prefix$ 8 collection ( maps ) ! picture ( ,atlas support+ ! _w4 ,?us a collection ( maps 9 a volume came to be call$ an atlas4 ,consult an unabridg$ diction>y = ! orig9 ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 rival =tune c]eal boycott doll> f9ance *9a d]rick bankrupt mill9] java m]cury ca% pullman ca%m]e colossal m9t groc] macadam turb9e ,ex]cise #b ,! days ( ! week & ! mon?s ( ! ye> are int]e/+ 9 _! d]ivation4 ,monday1 = example1 repres5ts ! day sacr$ to ! ,moon z a deity4 ,expla9 ! orig9 ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 ,sunday ,saturday ,may ,octob] ,tuesday ,janu>y ,june ,novemb] ,w$nesday ,febru>y ,july ,decemb] ,?ursday ,m>* ,augu/ ,friday ,april ,septemb] ,ex]cise #c ,look up ! d]ivation ( ! foll[+3 cancel bead ambition hospital pecuni>y pap] influ5ce pavilion *eat book virtue mack9to% speculation bayonet peevi% *apel phaton tawdry disa/] omnibus ,ex]cise #d ,expla9 ! orig9 ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 curfew tulip turquoise good-bye pompad\r a/] ame?y/ dismal hyac9? dunce tantalize titanic d&elion humor umbrella volcano dahlia villa9 s&wi* tangle begonia e*o lunatic babble ,ex]cise #e ,"n ! image t ea* ( ! foll[+ sugge/s to y3 h[l sputt] rasp+ mun* skim prance clatt] trickle squeal click :eeze %uffle moan ?ud trudge bulge squeak patt] *uckle gobble squawk spatt] toddl+ swi% ,ex]cise #f ,br+ to class a li/ ( words :i*1 because !y are ! names ( mod]n inv5tions1 h come into ! language 9 mod]n "t4 ,ex]cise #g ,h[ _m words c y "n :i* might be call$ ! te*nical t]ms ( s*ool life1 words :i* always c>ry ) !m a sugge/ion ( ! s*ool room8 ,br+ 9 a li/ ( tw5ty su* words4 ,ex]cise #h ,h[ _m words c y "n :i* are us$ only 9 ! bus9ess _w8 ,br+ 9 a li/ ( tw5ty su* words4 ,ex]cise #i ,h[ _m words c y "n :i* apply p>ticul>ly to money & ! paym5t or non-paym5t ( money8 ,br+ 9 a li/ ( tw5ty or m su* words4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pronunciation ,,we are judg$ by our spee*4 ,if we clip syllables1 run words toge!r1 or pron\nce !m incorrectly1 we %all m]it ! criticism ( be+ c>eless or ev5 ignorant4 ,yet cle> enunciation & correct pronunciation are sometimes difficult4 ,we le>n mo/ words by he>+ o!rs say !m1 &1 if we d n he> ! true values giv5 to ! diff]5t syllables1 we %all f9d x h>d to di/+ui% ! correct f ! incorrect =ms4 ,*ildr5 ^: p>5ts speak a =eign language usually h to wat* _! spee* ) especial c>e2 ,g]mans1 = example1 f9d difficulty 9 say+ ? & ,iri% p 9 say+ oi z 9 oil4 ,! ex]cises 9 ?is *apt] are giv5 = ! purpose ( correct+ su* habits4 ,! words 9 ! ex]cises %\ld be pron\nc$ repeat$ly1 until ! correct =ms are in/9ctive4 ,tra9 ! e> to he> ! diff]5ce betwe5 s\nds1 z 9 j & 9 je/4 ,don't slide ov] ! f9al consonant 9 su* words z go+ & read+4 ,wat* words conta9+ :4 ,! diction>y tells u t :]e 0 orig9ally writt5 hw>1 ! h com+ be=e ! w2 & we /ill pron\nce x s1 al?\gh we write ! w be=e ! h4 ,! ^w :e!r is ( ! same k9d4 ,! diction>y tells u t x 0 fir/ spell$ hw$]4 ,su* words %\ld be c>efully not$ & _! pronunciation practic$4 ,!n !re is ! habit ( slurr+ syllables4 ,we may und]/& :at is meant by ! expression ,c'm' on or ,waja say81 b mo/ ( u w\ld pref] n to be includ$ 9 ! class ( p :o use ei!r4 ,correct spee* _c be ma/]$ )\t an ef=t4 ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cises wat* e v[el & e consonant s t y may give ea* "o its full value4 ,ex]cise #aj--;,diacritical ,m>ks ,al?\gh an a is always writt5 a1 x is n always giv5 ! same quality or l5g? ( s\nd4 ,:5 we discov] a new ^w1 x is important t we "k exactly ! quality to give ea* ( ! v[els 9 x4 ,= ?is purpose diacritical m>ks h be5 inv5t$4 ,!y are illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ li/ f ,web/]'s ,int]national ,diction>y4 z 9 te1 fte1 lbor a s5ate1 delicate1 aerial cre1 %re1 prent m1 dd1 rndom rm1 fr1 f!r sk1 grss1 pss1 dnce a final1 9fant1 guidnce a3 a3ll1 a3we1 swa3rm1 ta3lk ve1 mte1 s]ne e ev5t1 dep5d1 society nd1 mt1 xcuse1 fface frn1 hr1 rm9e1 evr e recent1 decency1 prudence ce1 tme1 sght1 inspre i idea1 tribunal1 biology ll1 pn1 pty1 admt ld1 nte1 v]1 prpose o obey1 tobacco1 sorrow rb1 lrd1 rd]1 abhr dd1 nt1 trrid1 ccur se1 pre1 dty1 assme u unite1 actuate1 education rde1 rmor1 intrde fll1 pt1 flfill p1 tb1 /dy rn1 fr1 concr 7y pit7y1 9jur7y1 div9x7y oo fool1 food1 moon 7oo f7oot1 w7ool1 b7ook ou out1 ?\1 dev\r oi oil1 noisy1 avoid is call$ long a1 & is m>k$ ) ! macron is call$ %ort a1 & is m>k$ ) ! breve is call$ c>et a1 & is m>k$ ) ! c>et is call$ ,italian a1 & is m>k$ ) ! dia]esis is call$ %ort ,italian a1 & is m>k$ ) ! dot is call$ tilde e1 & is m>k$ ) ! tilde or wave ,ex]cise #aa--,v[els ,( ! tw5ty-six lett]s 9 ! alphabet1 h[ _m are v[els8 ,"n !m4 ,:at are ! o!r lett]s call$8 ,comp>e ! 9 hat & ! 9 hate4 ,:i* has m ne>ly ! s\nd ( a 9 ! alphabet8 ,?is is call$ ! natural or long s\nd ( ! v[el4 ,! o!r is call$ ! %ort s\nd4 ,drop ! e f hate4 ,expla9 ! result4 ,"n o!r monosyllables end+ 9 e & conta9+ ! long a s\nd4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce 9 pronunciation betwe5 ,pete1 pet1 ripe1 rip1 hope1 hop1 cube1 cub4 ,f9d o!r monosyllables end+ 9 e & conta9+ a long v[el t becomes %ort if ! e is dropp$4 ,monosyllables end+ 9 sil5t e usually conta9 a long v[el s\nd1 :i* becomes %ort :5 ! f9al e is dropp$4 ,ex]cise #ab ,pron\nce c>efully ! foll[+ words conta9+ ! %ort ,italian a3 advnce clss lnce pl/] advntage contr/ l/ p/or ft] en*nt msk prnce bsket ,frnce m/] rft] brn* glnce m/iff %ft brss glss pss surpss *ff grss p/ tsk ,ex]cise #ac ,pron\nce ! foll[+ c>efully1 not+ ea* a t is m>k$3 hlf ide clm audci\s p? cn't pricot gh/ sk ct* mdrs lgebr f!r vaction gile =bde dnce extr c/ trnce lss csket grnt vition ,ex]cise #ad ,pron\nce ! v[el o 9 ! foll[+ v c>efully4 ,don't give ! s\nd fell] or fella :5 y mean fell[4 fell[ swall[ !ory borr[ potato foll[ position h]oism w9d[ orig9al factory donkey pill[ evaporate ivory memory *ocolate mosquito licorice ori5tal ,ex]cise #ae ,! v[el u ne$s p>ticul> att5tion4 ,:5 x is long1 x is s\nd$ naturally1 z x is 9 ! alphabet4 ,d n say r$ooce = r$uce4 r$uce picture educate figure produce /upid judicial duty conducive /ud5t calculate accumulate endure g5u9e curiosity ,tuesday duration induce regul> p>ticul> s+ul> av5ue tune in/itute nutrim5t con/itution cul9>y ,janu>y rev5ue introduce opportunity manufacture ,ex]cise #af ,us+ diacritical m>ks indicate ! value ( ! v[els 9 ! foll[+4 ,try m>k+ !m )\t fir/ consult+ a diction>y4 ,aft] y h m>k$ !m1 comp>e y\r m>k+s ) ^? us$ 9 a diction>y4 pupil diff]5t diacritical gigantic alphabet sev]al radiat+ gymnasium natural lett] ,wyom+ sy/em result eras] typical m]*ant ,ex]cise #ag ,pron\nce c>efully1 not+ t 9 ea* ^w at lea/ "o consonant is sil5t1 & sometimes a v[el z well4 ,draw an oblique l9e ?r\gh ! sil5t lett] or lett]s 9 ea*4 ?r\gh *a/5 sword isl& al?\gh (t5 fa/5 daught] wrong s(t5 calf might ya*t subtle ha/5 b\quet gnaw almond naughty hone/ psalm gli/5 ?umb palm :i/le salve %\ld knack salmon *e/nut k ca/le answ] folks li/5 ?igh knot "r debt honor ,ex]cise #ah ,pron\nce ! foll[+1 pay+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! v[els4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 ! mean+s ( ! words 9 ea* gr\p4 accept bile lea/ prevision except boil le/ provision affect c>ol elev5 poor effect coral leav5 pure addition desc5t nei!r radi% edition diss5t ne!r r$di% assay em]ge pa/ure s5try essay imm]ge pa/or c5tury b>on ,francis pill> sit b>r5 ,frances pill[ set be5 je/ po9t wr5* bean j p9t r9se gi/ ,ex]cise #ai ,enunciate ! consonant s\nds c>efully 9 ! foll[+4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 ! mean+s ( ! words 9 ea* gr\p4 acts close treaties r[s ax clo!s treatise r\se advice cross$ pr9ces rues advise across pr9cess ruse alms =m]ly pr9ce ei!r elms =mally pr9ts e!r bodice grays price runn+ bodies grace prize ru9 cease lose rec5t walk+ seize loose res5t walk 9 *ance pla9tive sects wea!r *ants pla9tiff sex :e!r does pair news wor/ dose pay] noose wor/$ 7y>n7 doze ,ex]cise #bj ,pron\nce ! foll[+1 mak+ sure t ea* syllable is correct4 ,gu>d aga9/ slurr+ ! words 9 ! la/ column4 be5 su* b>rel ,did y8 gone put faucet ,don't y8 to ) suburb ,g on4 = t9y he>? ,our education aunt & no?+ ,y are f> poem (fice ,y're n our cat* p]il ,we're com+ kept t[>d =bade ,!y're com+ says donkey _s ,:at did y say8 rid aga9 semi ,:]e are y go+8 s9ce aga9/ sc>$ ,:]e h y be58 sleek hone/ saucy ,i want to g4 creek savage turnip ,i'm go+ to g4 :]e swept ro( ,to-morr[ morn+ boil velvet pro( ,next mon? hoi/ direct hydrant ,la/ ,saturday ,ex]cise #ba ,enunciate c>efully3 sal>y g5tleman supple gymnasium because libr>y subtle p]spiration ideal wre/le italic clapbo>ds suite vessel insect cupbo>d ?irty fri5d%ip or*id ar*angel tomato judgm5t hovel c&elabra grimy c[>dice sev]al extraord9>y patron mis]able pumpk9 civilization omelet gu>antee accurate horse%oe hundr$ gelat9e gu>dian laboratory c\pon glyc]9e del9qu5t t5aci\s awkw>d p>aff9e secret>y measure hurrah portrait audaci\s ,febru>y pigeon m]cantile conqu] cell> hi/ory juv5ile conque/ p]fect diamond ?\s& congress gr&mo!r asylum ov]alls licorice g5]ally ,ex]cise #bb ,be especially c>eful ( ! s\nds ? & :4 ,add no syllable to a ^w & omit none4 ,consult a diction>y = any ^w bel[ ab\t :i* y are n c]ta93 :5 l5g? diph?ong g5]ally :]e /r5g? diph!ria =get :ile height ane/hetic recognize :>f wid? betro?al hungry :i* dep? !ory geography :eel !re !me in/ead :eeze !m ari?metic isolat$ :y elev5? ba! writ+ :iff twelf? la! kettle :5ce ?\ght believe language :et ?roat bron*itis leisure :at wrea?s gov]nm5t volume :ale pa?s c\rte\s column :eat mon?s diff]5t always :e$le m\?s eng9e once :elp my?s ,engli% twice :imp] bread?s surprise arctic :ip mo?s deaf ,italian :it ba? *ildr5 picture :i!r e>? cruel (t5 ,ex]cise #bc--;,homonyms ,a homonym is a ^w hav+ ! same s\nd z ano!r b diff]+ f x 9 mean+4 ,use ea* ( ! foll[+ 9 a s5t5ce to %[ its mean+4 al\d draft f[l pr9cipal all[$ draught f\l pr9ciple asc5t fa9t gate peal ass5t fe9t gait peel aught canvas great quire ought canvass grate *oir bad c]eal hew se5 bade s]ial hue sc5e bale cession k]nel s\l bail session colonel sole b]ry cite leas$ /rait bury site lea/ /raight boy co>se less] /air buoy c\rse lessor />e by complim5t mite sweet buy complem5t might suite c\ncil feign m9] !re c\nsel fa9 m9or _! curr5t fl\r ne$ wood currant fl[] knead w\ld ,ex]cise #bd ,d ! same ) ! foll[+3 aisle clause kill sail isle claws kiln sale awl climb key r+ all clime quay wr+ base draught lie s]ge bass draft lye surge blew dew m$al sole blue due m$dle s\l b\gh done pe] %one b[ dun pi] %[n bread dual pore /eel br$ duel p\r /eal be> flue pr(it /ation>y b>e flew prophet /ation]y bridal freeze qu>ts wade bridle frieze qu>tz weigh$ capital guilt re/ wave capitol gilt wre/ waive ceil+ he>d root wrap seal+ h]d r\te rap ,ex]cise #be--,syllabication ,:at is a syllable8 ,*oose a ^w & notice t e v[el s\nd 9 x makes a syllable4 ,!re=e1 y nev] h two v[els 9 "o syllable unless ! two are pron\nc$ z "o s\nd4 ,9 pron\nc+ notice c>efully to :i* syllable a consonant belongs2 z 9 dif-f]-ent1 beau-ti-fy1 dai-sy4 ,divide ! foll[+ words into syllables4 ,if y _c decide ) :i* syllable a consonant belongs1 consult a diction>y4 pap] groc] rotate my/]y tomato erect repeat regul> v9eg> poli% g5]al ari?metic ,if a syllable1 especially an acc5t$ syllable1 ends 9 a v[el1 :at is usually ! l5g? ( ! v[el8 ,if ! syllable ends 9 a consonant1 :at is usually ! l5g? ( ! v[el ( ! syllable8 ,:5 a consonant is d\bl$1 ! division is usually made betwe5 ! two lett]s2 z1 blot-t] skip-p+ remit-tance neces-s>y ?rot-tle span-n+ ,z a rule1 a prefix con/itutes "o syllable2 z1 pro-long pre-f] con-/ant de-fect ad-mit re-ceive se-lect dis-tru/ e-m]ge im-m]se ,z a rule1 a suffix con/itutes "o syllable2 z1 labor-er s(t-ly beauti-fy selec-tion mole-cule revolution-i/ p]c5t-age fanat-ic ,:5 two or m lett]s toge!r give "o s\nd1 !y mu/ n be divid$2 z1 ma?-ematics ex-*ange p>agraph-+ aboli%-+ b[-+ toil-+ nation-al gra-ci\s ,c a ^w ( "o syllable be divid$8 ,d n divide a syllable ( "o lett] f ! re/ ( ! ^w4 ,! division ev]-y is wrong4 ,ex]cise #bf ,divide ! foll[+ words into syllables1 us+ ! sugge/ions giv5 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise3 acc\ntant dissatisfaction manufactur] ref]5ce adv]tisem5t economy mat]ial repeat$ly anecdote employm5t me*anical salesman annually en]getic neighborhood security application environm5t occupation sep>ate automobile especially opportunity signature beg9n+ e/abli%m5t organiz$ specification collection exp5diture p]man5t /5ography comp>ison factory prep>ation suburban compet5t furniture presid5t sup]9t5d confirmation illu/ration quotation sy/ematic consequ5ce impression realize telephone correspond5ce improvem5t receptacle treasur] c\nt]feit judgm5t recognition unanim\s cu/om] ma*9i/ recomm5d unusual ,ex]cise #bg--;,acc5t ,:at is acc5t8 ,divide into syllables1 indicate ! acc5t1 & pron\nce ! foll[+3 exp& volume defect int]e/+ mis*iev\s usually incomp>able !atre exquisite t$i\s hospitable g5]ally column inquiry impi\s ,9 ! foll[+ words ! mean+ *anges ) ! acc5t4 ,use ea* ^w 9 a s5t5ce to %[ its mean+4 object subject contra/ des]t ob-ject insult prote/ extract torm5t essay conflict compact tor-m5t transf] comp\nd survey m9ute 7notice ! v[el *ange7 refuse 7notice ! consonant *ange7 ,br+ to class a li/ ( words t y h he>d mispron\nc$ 9 y\r classes4 ,be sure t y c pron\nce !m correctly4 ,ex]cise #bh ,! foll[+ words are frequ5tly mispron\nc$4 ,divide !m into syllables1 m>k ! acc5t1 & pron\nce c>efully4 municipal exquisite *ampion accurately int]e/+ gondola inquiry ,g5oa influ5ce f9ance inexplicable alias illu/rate deficit despicable exp]t inv5tory pret5se mis*iev\s impi\s alt]nate dirigible p]fume detail ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,spell+ ,,rules ,ex]cise #bi--,plurals ( ,n\ns 7a7 dress1 dresses 7b7 *air1 *airs spla%1 spla%es wave1 waves bus9ess1 bus9esses book1 books *ur*1 *ur*es p5cil1 p5cils fox1 foxes pap]1 pap]s ,! usual way ( =m+ ! plural ( ,engli% n\ns is illu/rat$ by ! words 9 column 7b7 above4 ,:at is x8 ,if y add s to ! s+ul> =m dress1 c\ld y di/+ui% ! pronunciation ( ! plural f ! pronunciation ( ! s+ul>8 ,does ?is sugge/ a reason = add+ es to =m ! plural8 ,h[ _m syllables mu/ y use to pron\nce ! plural ( fox8 ,does ?is sugge/ ano!r reason = add+ es to =m ! plural8 ,e ^w t ends 9 a sibilant or hiss+ s\nd 7*1 s1 %1 ss1 x1 z7 =ms its plural l fox4 ,give sev]al illu/rations4 ,rule #a4--,n\ns regul>ly =m ! plural by add+ s1 b ^? end+ 9 a sibilant mu/ addes4 ,ex]cise #cj 7a7 lady1 ladies 7b7 valley1 valleys ally1 allies alley1 alleys soliloquy1 soliloquies j\rney1 j\rneys ,"n five words belong+ to gr\p 7a7 above4 ,does a v[el or a consonant prec$e ! y 9 ea* case8 ,"n o!r words belong+ to ! gr\p 7b7 above4 ,does a v[el or a consonant prec$e ! y 9 ea* case8 ,rule #b4--,n\ns end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant 7& n\ns end+ 9 quy7 =m ! plural by *ang+ y to i & add+ es4 ,ex]cise #ca--,words end+ 9 o 7a7 potato1 potatoes h]o1 h]oes mulatto1 mulattoes tomato1 tomatoes buffalo1 buffaloes c>go1 c>goes negro1 negroes e*o1 e*oes motto1 mottoes 7b7 solo1 solos piano1 pianos mem5to1 mem5tos halo1 halos lasso1 lassos canto1 cantos z]o1 z]os qu>to1 qu>tos soprano1 sopranos /illetto1 /illettos ,! old] ,engli% words end+ 9 o =m ! plural by add+ es1 z 9 potatoes2 ^? m rec5tly tak5 into ! language =m ! plural by add+ s1 z 9 qu>tos4 ,ex]cise #cb--,n\ns 9 f & fe leaf1 leaves calf1 calves wife1 wives loaf1 loaves %eaf1 %eaves %elf1 %elves half1 halves wolf1 wolves elf1 elves life1 lives beef1 beeves :>f1 :>ves 7or :>fs7 self1 selves knife1 knives ,) ! exception ( ! words giv5 above1 n\ns end+ 9 an f s\nd =m ! plural 9 ! regul> way2 z1 ho(1 ho(s sc>f1 sc>fs beliefs1 beliefs *ief1 *iefs reef1 reefs grief1 griefs ,ex]cise #cc--;,irregul> ,plurals ,"s n\ns =m _! plural by a *ange ( v[el2 z1 man m5 foot feet woman wom5 too? tee? goose geese m\se mice ,a few words reta9 ! old "t plural en2 z1 bro!r bre?r5 *ild *ildr5 ox ox5 ,a few words are ! same 9 bo? s+ul> & plural2 z1 %eep1 tr\t1 de] ,"s n\ns h two plurals :i* diff] 9 mean+2 z1 ,s+ul> ,plural bro!r bro!rs bre?r5 p5ny p5nies p5ce pea peas pease die dies dice ,consult a diction>y = ! diff]5ce 9 mean+ betwe5 ! two plurals ( ea* ^w4 ,ex]cise #cd--;,comp\nd ,n\ns ,s+ul> ,plural bro!r-9-law bro!rs-9-law fa!r-9-law fa!rs-9-law c\rt-m>tial c\rts-m>tial comm&]-9-*ief comm&]s-9-*ief man-(-w> m5-(-w> major g5]al major g5]als goose quill goose quills bill ( f>e bills ( f>e spoonful spoonfuls cupful cupfuls ,rule #c4--;,comp\nd n\ns usually add ! sign ( ! plural to ! fundam5tal "p ( ! ^w4 ,,note4--,9 spoonfuls ! ?\ght is ( "o spoon _m times full4 ,plural ( ,lett]s & ,figures ,rule #d4--,lett]s & figures =m ! plural by add+ ! apo/rophe 7'7 & s2 z1 a a's #c #c's w w's #e #e's ,! same rule applies to ! plural ( words :i* ord9>ily h no plural2 z1 ,don't use s _m &'s & if's4 ,ex]cise #ce--;,=eign ,plurals ,"s n\ns d]iv$ f =eign languages reta9 _! orig9al plural4 ,! foll[+ are 9 common use4 ,consult a diction>y = _! pronunciation & def9ition4 ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural crisis crises /ratum /rata !sis !ses radius radii hypo!sis hypo!ses p>5!sis p>5!ses focus foci synopsis synopses datum data basis bases alumnus alumni automaton automata alumna alumnae analysis analyses oasis oases nucleus nuclei axis axes ph5om5on ph5om5a g5us g5]a ,"s words admit ( two plurals1 "o ! =eign plural1 & "o ! regul> ,engli% plural2 z1 ,s+ul> ,plural beau beaux beaus =mula =mulae =mulas v]tex v]tices v]texes index indices indexes *]ub *]ubim *]ubs s]aph s]aphim s]aphs b&it b&itti b&its ,consult a diction>y to see :e!r !re is any diff]5ce ( mean+ betwe5 ! two plurals ( ^! words4 ,ex]cise #cf--,! ,=mation ( ,p>ticiples ,rap1 rapp+1 rapp$ ,reap1 reap+1 reap$ ,rap is a monosyllable end+ 9 a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el4 ,! f9al consonant 9 su* words is d\bl$ be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el is add$4 ,9 reap ! f9al consonant is n d\bl$ because x is prec$$ by two v[els4 ,make ! p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 *at lap suit /ep *eat leap sit /eep rot tra9 sop trot root trim soap treat ,trap1 trapp+1 trapp$ ,track1 track+1 track$ ,:y is ! f9al consonant 9 trap d\bl$ be=e + or ed is add$8 ,! f9al consonant 9 track is n d\bl$ because track ends ) two consonants4 ,p91 p9n+ ,p9e1 p9+ ,p9e drops ! sil5t e because ! t5d5cy 9 ,engli% is to drop end+s t are n ne$$ = pronunciation be=e add+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el4 ,=m ! p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 knot rob flop note robe elope deal swim quit 7u is n "h a v[el7 clap /rike crawl 7w is "h a v[el7 /op oil wax 7x equals cks7 peal ru% b[ 7w is "h a v[el7 ,ex]cise #cg ,ex]cise #cf applies also to words ( m ?an "o syllable acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 if !y reta9 ! acc5t on ! same syllable aft] ! suffix is add$4 ,?us we h ,rule #e4--,monosyllables or words acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 end+ 9 a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 d\ble ! f9al consonant be=e add+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el4 ,=m p>ticiples f ! foll[+ words t are acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable3 pref] int]v5e escape expel ref] reveal acquire conta9 occur repeal secure =bid p]mit pursue conceal incur int]f]e erase arrange =get reta9 control acquit repel ,=m p>ticiples f ! foll[+ words n acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable3 b5efit travel m>vel %elt] revel answ] exhibit r5d] qu>rel pr(it %ovel limit ,words 9 :i* ! acc5t *anges d n d\ble ! f9al consonant be=e add+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el2 z1 conf] conf]5ce inf] inf]5ce ref] ref]5ce pref] pref]able ,expla9 :y ! f9al consonant is n d\bl$ 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ words3 neglect neglect+ lean lean+ pref] pref]5ce select select+ creep creep+ receipt receipt+ wond] wond]+ answ] answ]+ ,ex]cise #ch ,rule #f4--;,9 =m+ ! pres5t p>ticiple ( v]bs end+ 9 y1 reta9 ! y be=e add+ +2 z1 /udy /udy+ obey obey+ c>ry c>ry+ convey convey+ pity pity+ ,9 =m+ ! p]fect p>ticiple1 if 9 ! pres5t t5se ! y is prec$$ by a consonant1 ! y is *ang$ to i & ed add$2 if ! y is prec$$ by a v[el1 ! y is reta9$2 z1 /udy /udi$ c>ry c>ri$ pity piti$ b obey obey$ convey convey$ ,comp>e ) ,rule #b4 ,ex]cise #ci ,rule #g4--;,9 words conta9+ a long e s\nd spell$ ei!r ie or ei1 ei foll[s c2 ie foll[s "o ( ! o!r consonants2 z1 ei ie deceive relieve siege p]ceive believe yield receive belief grief conceive *ief field conceit prie/ piece receipt niece wield reprieve li5 ,exceptions4--,ei!r1 nei!r1 weird1 seize1 leisure4 ,! foll[+ c\plet may help 9 rememb]+ :5 to write ie & :5 to write ei3 ,:5 ! lett] c y spy1 ,put ! e be=e ! i4 ,ex]cise #dj--,! ,pronunciation ( c & g ,! lett] c is pron\nc$ sometimes l s & sometimes l k4 ,:at s\nd does c h be=e a8 ,illu/rate4 ,be=e e8 ,illu/rate4 ,be=e i8 ,illu/rate4 ,be=e o8 ,illu/rate4 ,be=e u8 ,illu/rate4 ,be=e y8 ,illu/rate4 ,if c is pron\nc$ l k1 x is call$ h>d & is m>k$ c4 ,if c is pron\nc$ l s1 x is call$ s(t & is m>k$ 4 ,! m>k us$ to indicate ! s(t c is call$ ! c$illa4 ,make a /atem5t tell+ :5 c is h>d & :5 x is s(t4 ,:at s\nd does g h be=e ea* ( ! v[els1 z 9 game1 gone1 gymnasium1 ,gun!r1 g5tle8 ,rule #h4--;,c & g usually are s(t be=e e1 i1 & y4 ,ex]cise #da ,words end+ 9 sil5t e1 accord+ to ,rule #e1 drop ! e be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el4 ,exceptions occur :5 ! e is ne$$ to pres]ve ! s(t s\nd ( c & g4 ,tell :y e is dropp$ 9 enc\rag+ & reta9$ 9 c\rage\s4 ,9 words conta9+ dg1 z 9 judge & lodge1 ! d gives ! g ! s(t s\nd1 & !re is no ne$ to reta9 ! e be=e add+ a suffix1 z 9 judgm5t4 ,rule #i4--,words end+ 9 sil5t e usually drop ! e be=e add+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el1 unless ! e is ne$$ to pres]ve ! pronunciation2 z aft] s(t c & g1 :5 ! suffix beg9s ) a or o4 ,tell :y ! e is reta9$ be=e ! suffix 9 ! foll[+3 noticeable damageable pron\nceable outrage\s c\rage\s peaceable s]viceable manageable ,tell :y ! e is dropp$ be=e add+ ! suffix 9 ! foll[+3 manag+ curable erasure besieg+ admirable realization receiv+ oblig+ prec$5ce p]sev]ance ,! fact t c has two diff]5t s\nds causes a slight peculi>ity 9 words end+ 9 c4 ,f9al c has ! s\nd ( k4 ,:5 words end 9 c1 ! lett] k is usually add$ be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) ei!r e1 i1 or y1 to %[ t c is n pron\nc$ l s2 z1 frolic frolick$ frolick+ ,if ! k is n add$1 ! c *anges its pronunciation2 z1 public publicity ,ex]cise #db ,x foll[s by inf]5ce f ,rule #i t words end+ 9 sil5t e reta9 ! e be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a consonant2 z1 move movem5t disgrace disgraceful def5se def5seless fate fateful arrange arrangem5t fi]ce fi]cely noise noiseless manage managem5t sev]e sev]ely rude rud5ess ,exceptions4--,truly1 duly1 wisdom1 awful1 :olly4 ,br+ to class a li/ ( tw5ty words t reta9 ! f9al e be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a consonant4 ,ex]cise #dc ,:at spell+ rule does ea* ( ! foll[+ words illu/rate8 advantage\s gigantic boxes admittance mimick+ piece libr>ies occurr5ce arrangem5t receipt keys acquittal ,ex]cise #dd--;,abbreviations ,write abbreviations = ! mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,are !re any t %\ld n be abbreviat$8 ,! abbreviations = ! /ates & t]ritories are3 ,alabama1 ,ala4 ,m>yl&1 ,md4 ,arizona1 ,ariz4 ,massa*usetts1 ,mass4 ,arkansas1 ,ark4 ,mi*igan1 ,mi*4 ,cali=nia1 ,cal4 ,m9nesota1 ,m9n4 ,colorado1 ,colo4 ,mississippi1 ,miss4 ,connecticut1 ,conn4 ,miss\ri1 ,mo4 ,delaw>e1 ,del4 ,montana1 ,mont4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,d4,c4 ,nebraska1 ,nebr4 ,florida1 ,fla4 ,nevada1 ,nev4 ,georgia1 ,ga4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,n4,h4 ,idaho1 ,idaho ,new ,mexico1 ,n4 ,mex4 ,ill9ois1 ,ill4 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 ,indiana1 ,ind4 ,new ,j]sey1 ,n4,j4 ,i[a1 ,ia4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,n4,c4 ,kansas1 ,kans4 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,n4 ,dak4 ,k5tucky1 ,ky4 ,ohio1 ,o4 ,l\isiana1 ,la4 ,oklahoma1 ,okla4 ,ma9e1 ,me4 ,oregon1 ,ore4 ,p5nsylvania1 ,pa4 ,utah1 ,utah ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 ,p4,i4 ,v]mont1 ,vt4 ,porto ,rico1 ,p4,r4 ,virg9ia1 ,va4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,s4,c4 ,wa%+ton1 ,wa%4 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,s4,d4 ,wiscons91 ,wis4 ,t5nessee1 ,t5n4 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,w4 ,va4 ,texas1 ,tex4 ,wyom+1 ,wyo4 ,,note4--,x is mu* bett] to write ! full "n r ?an ! abbreviation :5ev] ! =m] w\ld make ! address cle>]1 especially z reg>ds simil> abbreviations1 su* z ,cal4 & ,colo4 ,ex]cise #de--;,abbreviations ( ,comm]cial ,t]ms ,a #a1 fir/ class doz41 doz5 1 at ,e4 ,o4,e41 errors & omissions except$ acct41 acc\nt ea41 ea* adv41 adv]tisem5t e4g41 = example agt41 ag5t etc41 & s =? a4m41 =5oon ex*41 ex*ange amt41 am\nt ft41 foot app41 app5dix f4o4b41 free on bo>d atty41 attorney gal41 gallon av41 av]age i4e41 t is avoir41 avoirdupois imp41 import$ bal41 balance 941 in*es bbl41 b>rel in/41 ?is mon? 7in/ant7 ,b_/,l1 bill ( lad+ ,jr41 junior bldg41 build+ kg41 keg ,b_/,s1 bill ( sale lb41 p\nd bu41 bu%el ltd41 limit$ ,c4,b41 ca% book mdse41 m]*&ise ,c41 hundr$ mem41 memor&um coll41 collection1 collector mo41 mon? ,co41 company ,m4,s4 7,,mss741 manuscript ,c4,o4,d41 ca% on deliv]y mtg41 mortgage cr41 cr$itor ,n4,b41 take notice cwt41 hundr$weight no41 numb] ,d41 five hundr$ ,o4,k41 all "r dept41 dep>tm5t p]1 by disc41 disc\nt p4m41 aft]noon d41 ditto 1 p] c5t dr41 debtor1 debit ,/41 /reet pkg41 package /r41 /eam] pp41 pages ult41 la/ mon? pr41 pair ,u4,s4,m41 ,unit$ ,/ates ,mail pc41 piece viz41 namely pk41 peck vol41 volume prox41 next mon? ,w_/,b1 way bill pt41 p9t wt41 weight ,sr41 s5ior ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,^w ,,analysis ,to le>n ,engli% words ?or\ghly we mu/ sp5d "s ?\ght on ! way 9 :i* !y are made up1 on ! language f :i* !y h be5 d]iv$1 & on ! *anges 9 mean+ made by add+ prefixes & suffixes4 ,?ree important influ5ces 9 build+ ! ,engli% h be5 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 ! ,greek1 & ! ,lat9 languages4 ,! simple/ words 9 ! language are ,anglo-,saxon4 ,! foll[+ ex]cises illu/rate h[ words h be5 multipli$ by ,anglo-,saxon prefixes & suffixes4 ,ex]cise #df ,"n z _m words z y c t make use ( ea* ( ! foll[+ prefixes4 ,give only su* z are recognizable ,engli% words )\t ! prefix4 a--abo>d mis--misjudge be--becalm un--unkn[n =e--=etell up--uproot ,give ! mean+ ( ea* ( ! prefixes us$ above4 ,:at "p ( spee* does ea* prefix make8 ,ex]cise #dg ,us+ ! foll[+ ,teutonic suffixes1 =m ,engli% words4 ,be c>eful t ! root tak5 alone is an ,engli% ^w4 dom--k+dom ness--goodness hood--manhood %ip--fri5d%ip ,:at does ea* suffix mean8 ,:at "p ( spee* does x make8 ,ex]cise #dh ,z above1 =m words us+ ! foll[+ suffixes3 en--d>k5 ful--fe>ful en--gold5 ly--smoo?ly i%--sweeti% l--*ildlike less--fe>less "s--lonesome ,def9e ea* suffix4 ,:at "p ( spee* does x make8 ,ex]cise #di--;,greek ,roots ,bel[ is giv5 a li/ ( common ,greek roots ) ! ,engli% mean+ ( ea*4 ,=m words us+ "o or m ( ! roots = ea* ^w1 & def9e ! words y make4 ,= in/ance1 give ! mean+ ( telephone1 telegraph1 & mon>*4 ,greek ,engli% ,greek ,engli% phon--he> *ron--"t tele--f> cycl--circle graph--write geo--e>? scop--see polit--gov]nm5t micro--small cra--rule mono--"o demo--p ar*--*ief hydro--wat] metr--measure poly--_m b>o--pressure1 weight pluto--ri*es ,h[ _m names ( mod]n inv5tions h y made8 ,ex]cise #ej ,:at words belong+ to y\r vocabul>y end 9 ! foll[+ suffixes8 ,*oose only su* z h an ,engli% ^w = ! root4 ,adjective ,suffixes #a4 able1 ible--able to be1 fit to be ,readable1 fit to be read4 #b4 al1 eal1 ial--relat+ to1 hav+ to d ) #c4 ant1 ent--be+1 incl9$ to #d4 ate--hav+ ! quality (1 incl9$ to #e4 ic--l1 relat+ to #f4 ive--relat+ to1 ( ! nature (1 belong+ to #g4 ory1 ary--relat+ to #h4 ous--full (1 ab\nd+ 9 ,v]b ,suffixes #a4 ate--to make #b4 fy1 ify--to make #c4 ise1 ize--to make ,n\n ,suffixes #a4 age--condition1 act1 collection ( #b4 ance1 ancy1 ence1 ency--/ate ( be+ #c4 ary1 ory--"o :o1 place :]e1 t :i* #d4 ant1 ent--"o :o #e4 i/1 ite--"o :o #f4 ion1 sion1 tion--act (1 /ate ( be+ #g4 ity1 ty--quality ( be+ #h4 m5t--t :i*1 act or /ate ( be+ #i4 or1 er1 ar--"o :o #aj4 try--/ate ( #aa4 tude1 itude--condition ( be+ #ab4 ure--condition ( be+1 t :i* ,ex]cise #ea ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! m commonly us$ ,lat9 prefixes3 #a4 a1 ab--away f #af4 intro--t[>d ! inside #b4 ad--t[>d #ag4 mono--"o #c4 ante--be=e #ah4 non--n #d4 anti--aga9/ #ai4 ob--9 ! way (1 aga9/ #e4 bi--two1 twice #bj4 p]--?r\gh #f4 circum--ar\nd #ba4 pre--be=e #g4 con--toge!r )1 aga9/ #bb4 po/--aft] #h4 contra--aga9/ #bc4 pro--be=e #i4 de--f1 ap>t f1 d[n f #bd4 re--aga91 back #aj4 dis--ap>t1 n #be4 semi--half1 p>tly #aa4 dia--?r\gh #bf4 se--away f #ab4 ex--out ( #bg4 sub--"u1 bel[ #ac4 91 en--into #bh4 sup]--above1 m ?an en--to cause to be #bi4 trans--across #ad4 91 un--n #cj4 uni--"o #ae4 int]--betwe5 ,ex]cise #eb ,analyze ! foll[+ words1 tell+ prefix1 root1 suffix1 "p ( spee*1 & mean+3 bus9ess package tru?fulness unsuccessful useless ant]oom workmanlike agreem5t prefix monotone n]v\sness uni=mity beautify breakage disrespectful misguidance semicircle pleasant p]fection cry/allize k+%ip sam5ess progressive precaution incase subway und5iable imag9>y enri* dis[n displeasure sup]natural piani/ readmit endurance melodi\s bicycle adju/] reaction int]l9eal ,ex]cise #ec ,:5 ! prefixes ad1 con1 & 9 are us$ to =m ,engli% words1 ! f9al consonant ( ea* is (t5 *ang$ to ! initial consonant ( ! root to :i* x is jo9$4 ,ad assumes ! =ms ab1 ac1 af1 ag1 al1 an1 ap1 ar1 z1 at1 assimilat+ ! d ) ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w to :i* x is prefix$2 z1 ab-breviate al-lit]ation ar-re/ ac-cept al-lot z-sign ac-cumulate an-nex z-si/ af-fect an-n\nce at-tract af-flict ap-position at-tribute ag-gregate ap-prove at-tune ,con assumes ! =ms col1 cor1 com1 by assimilation2 x takes ! =m com be=e p2 & x drops ! n be=e a v[el2 z1 col-lat]al com-m]cial com-pose col-lect cor-relate co-op]ate com-mission cor-respond co-ord9ate ,9 assumes ! =ms il1 im1 ir1 by assimilation & takes ! =m ( im be=e p4 il-lusion im-migrate ir-ruption im-port ,ex]cise #ed--,peculi> ,adjective ,end+s ,! suffixes able & ible are sometimes tr\blesome because x is difficult to "k :i* end+ to write4 ,z a rule1 if ! new ^w 0 made f ano!r ,engli% ^w1 ! end+ is able1 z blamable4 ,! words end+ 9 ible are d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 &1 z a rule1 ! end+ _c easily be sep>at$ f ! root & /ill leave ! latt] an ,engli% ^w4 ,examples are3 divisible intelligible dige/ible audible visible p]missible flexible incr$ible possible t]rible horrible indelible ,! suffixes ant & ent mu/ also be c>efully not$4 ,no rule c be giv5 = us+ "o r ?an ! o!r4 ,:5ev] 9 d\bt1 consult a diction>y4 ,note ! foll[+3 ant ent important indep5d5t pleasant convalesc5t triumphant compet5t luxuriant conv5i5t /agnant confid5t ,! end+s e\s & i\s1 :]e e & i are (t5 confus$1 are illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+3 e\s i\s hide\s deliri\s miscellane\s impi\s c\rte\s /udi\s ,! end+s ci\s & ti\s are %[n 9 ! foll[+3 ci\s ti\s consci\s fictiti\s preci\s sup]/iti\s delici\s cauti\s graci\s ambiti\s suspici\s nutriti\s ,! end+s gi\s & ge\s are illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+3 gi\s ge\s religi\s c\rage\s ,ex]cise #ee--,peculi> ,n\n & ,v]b ,end+s ,n\ns 9 ance & ence3 ance ence acceptance intellig5ce appe>ance ref]5ce annoyance pati5ce acqua9tance neglig5ce remittance dilig5ce ignorance resid5ce ,n\ns 9 sion1 cion1 & tion3 sion cion tion exclusion co]cion acquisition av]sion suspicion precaution ,v]bs 9 ise1 yze1 & ize3 ise yze ize advise analyze baptize sup]vise p>alyze recognize ,v]bs 9 ce$1 s$e1 & c$e3 ce$ s$e c$e exce$ sup]s$e conc$e proce$ int]c$e succe$ prec$e ,ex]cise #ef ,:at o!r words c y =m f ! foll[+8 ,expla9 :at prefixes or suffixes y use 9 ea* case & :at "p ( spee* y =m4 success consid] real *ange please d\bt publi% att5d occur apply regul> satisfy emphasize indu/ry op]ate assess second busy practice resi/ exp5se di/ribute organ def9e dep5d locate "w s5se attract in/all desire preside effect vital c\nt sign ,ex]cise #eg ,!re are _m words ! mean+s ( :i* are easily confus$4 ,! spell+ & ! def9itions ( su* mu/ be ma/]$4 ,analysis 9 ?is ex]cise & 9 ! "o foll[+ does n require sep>ation into prefix1 root1 & suffix1 b x necessitates a c>eful /udy ( ! words1 fir/1 to note ! diff]5ce 9 spell+2 second1 to consult a diction>y1 if necess>y1 = ! diff]5ce 9 mean+4 ,def9e ea* ^w cle>ly4 ,use ea* 9 a s5t5ce to illu/rate its mean+4 accept--except common--mutual add--annex complem5t>y--complim5t>y advice--advise cont9ual--cont9u\s affect--effect contraction--abbreviation aft]--aft]w>d contradiction--d5ial asc5d--ass5t currant--curr5t assure--promise defective--defici5t atta9--obta9 deprecate--depreciate b5efit--advantage effective--effici5t brief--concise eligible--illegible c5t]--middle em95t--prom95t claim--ma9ta9 expect--hope comb9e--comb9ation intellig5t--intelligible ,ex]cise #eh ,z above1 def9e ea* ^w c>efully & use x 9 a s5t5ce to illu/rate its mean+4 heal?ful--heal?y pr(ici5t--effici5t inv5tory--invoice proscribe--prescribe invite--invitation purpose--propose la/--late/ quiet--q lat]--latt] recomm5d--recomm5dation liable--likely--apt ref]--allude loose--lose repair--fix ne$--want requirem5t--requisite--requisition p]spective--prospective respectfully--respectively positive--def9ite sc>cely--h>dly practicable--practical /ation>y--/ation]y prec$e--proce$ !re=e--accord+ly pr9cipal--pr9ciple #ejj ,,spell+ ,,words ,lesson #a bus9ess los+ surpris+ height receive loosely ,saturday dep? believe across ,w$nesday eigh? :olly :e!r excell5t daily oblig$ describe ex]cise e>ne/ ,lesson #b atta*$ decision probable seize attack$ buy+ usable siege g5tlem5 /udy+ salable fri5d al?\gh rely+ desirable ,messrs4 ?or\ghly occasion honorable nickel ,lesson #c disappo9t knew acquittal /opp$ disappe> design occurr5ce ref]r$ disapprove =ty compell+ plann$ disagree f\r? beg9n+ swimm+ anxi\s purpose p]mitt$ submitt$ ,lesson #d all "r p]suade ,norwegian v>iety already pursu$ possession prairie tongue prep>$ accumulate neighbor sep>ate repair$ dissatisfy soldi] cry/al necess>y dissolve %\ld] ,lesson #e _! awkw>d opportunity s*eme advise mucilage developm5t s*$ule advice famili> /ati/ics accurately laboratory peculi> accid5tal effici5t until simil> compet5t ,spani>d ,lesson #f policy pati5t m]*&ise consci\s r\gh anci5t m]cantile preci\s disease p>tial sc>city suspicion balance facial indebt$ physician decease ambiti\s e/imate caution ,lesson #g asc5d noticeable v5geance em]g5cy ass5t s]viceable address compliance m9ute manageable sal>y ref]5ce conceal ex*angeable curr5cy app>el imm5se advantage\s )hold typical ,lesson #h edition especially appreciate imitate addition pamphlet ess5tial initial id5tify illu/rate eligible (ficial illegal ,febru>y legible curta9 nuisance punctual illegible adjac5t ,lesson #i lat] cry/allize lieut5ant l5i5t latt] neutralize an?racite naph?a weigh$ conceit bitum9\s liquid de/roy cat>rh rheumatism gauge indelible colonel influ5tial sieve ,lesson #aj duly int]f]$ analyze attorneys durable transf]r$ analysis specialty mutual reconcile p>alyze sympa?y b>ga9 accid5tal banana campaign misspell irregul> molasses mattress ,lesson #aa a*$ designate vic9ity recognize social available gu>dian te*nical =feit adequately celebrate hygi5e opposite subord9ate porcela9 angel p>allel suffici5t p\ltice angle ,lesson #ab society associate rumor$ remittance sirlo9 def9itely c\rtesy remun]ation labor] sph]ical ob/9acy re/aurant visitor comm]cial f9ancial gov]nm5t s\v5ir p]missible sapphire acqua9tance ,lesson #ac q appropriate conv5i5t k lea/ di/+ui% exagg]ate pr9cipal1 a writt5 my/]i\s confid5tial /ation>y1 a among appe>ance endeavor+ judgm5t psalm conf]5ce imm$iately implem5t ,lesson #ad assure greatly emb>rassm5t auxili>y expect grateful organization conciliate prompt des]ve adv]tisem5t pr9ciple1 n elim9ate bureau assessm5t /ation]y1 n illum9ate defici5t accommodate p>5!sis ,lesson #ae c\pon indisp5sable measure proprietor l5g? innum]able condemn transi5t vehicle inve/igate security p]si/5t cu/om] inc&esc5t l9im5t signature co/um] eff]vesc5t mosquito mis*iev\s ,lesson #af canal company's repetition sulphur *annel real e/ate abbreviat$ b5efit$ liquid equival5t unabridg$ unanim\s rec5t assignm5t assurance itemize tr\gh extravagant pneumatic calcim9e ,lesson #ag prec$e freight au?ority leisure proce$ a*ieve mortgage neuralgia procession betwe5 specim5 dyspepsia precision imag9e solicitor sub/antial ext+ui% autumn cop]ates pass5g] ,lesson #ah m]ely me*anical prelim9>y omitt$ ca%i] p]man5t miscellane\s omission urg5t prom95t subscription committee hesitate precaution incr$ible commission an*or$ int]val anticipation precisely ,lesson #ai specify prep>ation a?letics deceit equity co9cid5ce excursion receipt accrue irresolute sugge/ion ob/acle concrete vacc9ation c\rage\s promissory summ>y glyc]9e concession compulsory ,lesson #bj deficit sceptical anniv]s>y rhy?m mansion consci5ce presumption rhub>b m5tion int]ruption gu>ante$ fatigue reckon$ approximately prejudice synopsis lic5se avoirdupois privilege emphatic ,lesson #ba s*ol> ,elkh>t indu/ri\s collision scissors ,memphis hide\s delusion c>e] ,niag>a artificial oxyg5 s9c]e ,raleigh cantal\pe m>tyr *iffoni] ,oregon unscrupul\s apology ,lesson #bb receipt ,c9c9nati sov]eign *emical welf>e ,des ,mo9es committee fronti] feign$ ,decatur +r$i5ts fulfill$ *ord ,dubuque c\nt]feit facsimile scy! ,alleghany responsible id5tical ,lesson #bc exce$ ,paducah =eign ,*ey5ne succe$ ,eau ,claire solemnity metallic sec$e ,peoria assass9ate nauseat$ immigrant ,savannah pneumonia inv>iably emigrant ,manila diph!ria injuri\s ,lesson #bd adoption ,m9neapolis fraudul5t mahogany sci5tific ,indianapolis neglig5ce corduroy guidance ,syracuse dilig5ce ,s*5ectady syllable ,milwaukee ridicul\s duplicate ,=t ,wayne ,valp>aiso comp>ative ren=ce ,lesson #be ,dulu? ,massa*usetts pref]able p]iodical ,miss\ri ,connecticut pref]r$ ins]tion ,wiscons9 en?usia/ic publicity excursion luxuri\s ackn[l$gm5t prevail+ plateau twelf? pr(essional damageable trag$y ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,s5t5ce ,,& ,,its ,,elem5ts ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h se5 words z !y are us$ s+ly4 ,we /udi$ _! pronunciation & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 =m$ to express a def9ite mean+4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all beg9 a review ( gramm>1 a /udy ( words n accord+ to _! pronunciation or _! def9ition1 b accord+ to _! use z !y are arrang$ ) o!r words to express complete ideas4 ,! simple/ gr\p into :i* words are ?us arrang$ is ! s5t5ce1 consi/+ ( two important p>ts1 ! subject & ! pr$icate4 ,! subject is ! "p ab\t :i* some?+ is told1 & ! pr$icate is ! "p t tells ab\t ! subject2 z1 ,subject ,pr$icate ,! sun %9es brightly ,!re are sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( s5t5ces1 nam$ accord+ to ! mean+ :i* !y express4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,! decl>ative s5t5ce /ates a fact4 ,! int]rogative s5t5ce asks a "q4 ,! imp]ative s5t5ce comm&s or entreats4 ,! exclamatory s5t5ce expresses deep feel+4 ,illu/rations ,decl>ative3 ,john clos$ ! door4 ,int]rogative3 ,did ,john close ! door8 ,imp]ative3 ,close ! door4 ,exclamatory3 ,:at a noise ! door made6 ,s5t5ces are classifi$1 also1 accord+ to _! /ructure or =m4 ,if a s5t5ce has "o subject & "o pr$icate1 x is a simple s5t5ce4 ,if x is made up ( two indep5d5t p>ts1 x is a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,if x has "o indep5d5t "p & "o or m dep5d5t p>ts1 ea* ( :i* conta9s a subject & a pr$icate ( its own1 ! s5t5ce is complex4 ,! indep5d5t "p ( ! s5t5ce is call$ a pr9cipal clause1 & ! dep5d5t "p is call$ a subord9ate clause4 ,a phrase is also a dep5d5t "p ( a s5t5ce1 b x diff]s f a subord9ate clause 9 t x conta9s no subject or pr$icate4 ,bo? phrases & subord9ate clauses are us$ z p>ts ( spee*1 z n\ns1 adjectives1 or adv]bs4 ,?us we h ! foll[+ def9itions3 ,a simple s5t5ce conta9s "o pr9cipal clause4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce conta9s two or m pr9cipal clauses4 ,a complex s5t5ce conta9s "o pr9cipal clause & "o or m subord9ate clauses4 ,a phrase is a gr\p ( relat$ words us$ z a "p ( spee*4 7,see ,ex]cises #fh & #fi47 ,a clause is a gr\p ( words conta9+ a subject & a pr$icate4 ,a subord9ate clause is us$ z a "p ( spee*4 ,x usually has an introductory ^w to di/+ui% x f a pr9cipal clause4 7,see ,ex]cise #ga47 ,illu/rations ,simple s5t5ce3 ,to-day mo/ ( ! _w's big que/ions are bus9ess que/ions4 ,complex s5t5ce3 ,! view t bus9ess is only humdrum r\t9e & sordid money-mak+ ne$s revis+1 s9ce mo/ ( ! _w's big que/ions are bus9ess que/ions4 ,comp\nd s5t5ce3 ,_m p /ill belittle bus9ess1 call+ x humdrum r\t9e & sordid money-mak+1 b ?is view ne$s revis+4 ,phrase3 7a7 ( ! _w's big que/ions4 7b7 call+ x humdrum r\t9e & sordid money-mak+4 ,subord9ate clause3 7a7 t bus9ess is only humdrum r\t9e & sordid money-mak+4 7b7 s9ce mo/ ( ! _w's big que/ions are bus9ess que/ions4 ,ex]cise #ei ,write two ( ea* ( ! foll[+ k9ds ( s5t5ces3 a4 ,decl>ative1 b4 ,int]rogative1 c4 ,imp]ative1 d4 ,exclamatory4 ,exam9e ea* ( ! s5t5ces bel[ & tell a4 ,:e!r x is simple1 complex1 or comp\nd4 b4 ,its subject & its pr$icate4 c4 ,its phrases & its subord9ate clause 7if !re are any74 #a4 ,y\r subscription expires ) ?is issue4 #b4 ,?is special (f] w cont9ue until ! t5? ( ,novemb]4 #c4 ,! la/ %ipm5t ( ca/+s t y made to u is decid$ly unsatisfactory4 #d4 ,y\r imitation typewritt5 lett]s h greatly assi/$ u 9 ! sale ( our prop]ty1 & we ?ank y = call+ our att5tion to !m4 #e4 ,! adv]tis$ po/] 0 s5t to y to-day 9 a special tube4 #f4 ,)\t d\bt y w be int]e/$ 9 ! booklet :i* we enclose4 #g4 ,! ma*9e :i* is /&+ !re has j be5 repair$4 #h4 ,! :eel t holds ! type may be *ang$ 9 an in/ant by ! op]ator4 #i4 ,:5ev] he wi%es1 ! op]ator may write 9 diff]5t sizes ( type on ! same %eet ( pap]4 #aj4 ,_m ( our /yles h be5 copi$ exactly f ! be/ designs t h rec5tly be5 display$ 9 ! ,p>isian exhibits4 #aa4 ,:y are ! dep>tm5t /ores acquir+ motor wagons8 #ab4 ,"o reason is ! economy ( ! motor wagon4 #ac4 ,economy does n entirely expla9 ! ke5ness :i* dep>tm5t /ores are display+ 9 acquir+ motor wagons4 #ad4 ,9 su* e/abli%m5ts ! quick deliv]y ( m]*&ise is a necessity4 #ae4 ,! be/ means ( transportation mu/ be employ$1 or a loss ( trade w foll[4 #af4 ,any "o c cite examples t prove t faults 9 deliv]y cause a loss ( trade4 #ag4 ,ma*9e s]vice develops few] errors ?an horse s]vice 7develops74 #ah4 ,! area :i* dep>tm5t /ores s]ve is be+ greatly increas$ f ye> to ye>1 & n ev5 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! p>cel po/ has avoid$ ! necessity = s5d+ package m]*&ise too f> di/ant = conveyance by horses4 #ai4 ,electric ma*9es usually make ! h\se-to-h\se package deliv]ies1 & gasol9e trucks1 besides haul+ furniture1 transf] l>ge loads f ! /ore or w>eh\se to ! di/ribut+ /ations4 #bj4 ,9 "o /ore ea* transf] truck is load$ twice daily ) fifty trunks conta9+ p>cels4 ,ex]cise #fj--,s5t5ce ,errors ,s4 #a4 ,,! ,,baby ,,blund]4--,9 writ+1 "o ( ! mo/ elem5t>y =ms ( correctness is %[n 9 ! prop] division into s5t5ces4 ,! ability in/9ctively to end a s5t5ce at ! "r place is call$ ! s5t5ce s5se4 ,/ud5ts :o d n possess x or :o h n le>n$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 s5t5ces1 subord9ate clauses1 & phrases frequ5tly make ! mi/ake ( sett+ (f too mu* or too little = "o s5t5ce4 ,= example1 !y run two s5t5ces toge!r z "o2 z1 ,wrong3 ,motor wagons are economical1 dep>tm5t /ores ( all l>ge cities are acquir+ !m4 ,! s5t5ce1 z writt5 above1 conta9s "o =m ( ! s5t5ce error--"o ( ! wor/ possible mi/akes 9 writ+4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! comma fault or ! baby blund]4 ,= brevity we %all call x ,s #a 7s5t5ce error numb] "o74 ,motor wagons are economical is a pr9cipal clause4 ,dep>tm5t /ores ( all l>ge cities are acquir+ !m is also a pr9cipal clause4 ,two su* clauses may n /& 9 ! same s5t5ce sep>at$ only by a comma4 ,to correct1 divide into two s5t5ces2 z1 ,"r3 ,motor wagons are economical4 ,dep>tm5t /ores ( all l>ge cities are acquir+ !m4 ,sometimes ! ?\ght 9 ! two pr9cipal clauses is closely connect$4 ,9 t case !y may be put into ! same s5t5ce1 provid$ !y are prop]ly connect$ or sep>at$4 ,use a comma plus a cord9ate conjunction 7z &1 or1 b7 to connect !m1 or a semicolon 727 to sep>ate !m4 ,be p>ticul>ly c>eful ( ! conjunctive adv]bs s1 !n1 !re=e1 ?us1 also1 /ill1 o!rwise1 h[ev]1 h5ce1 consequ5tly1 moreov]1 nev]!less4 ,:5 !y are us$ to jo9 ! pr9cipal clauses ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 a comma is n suffici5t punctuation betwe5 ! clauses4 ,a semicolon or a comma & a cord9ate conjunction mu/ be us$4 ,wrong3 ,he _h be5 a good cu/om]1 s !y 7 sorry to lose 8 trade4 ,"r3 ,he _h be5 a good cu/om]2 s !y 7 sorry to lose 8 trade4 ,"r3 ,he _h be5 a good cu/om]1 & s !y 7 sorry to lose 8 trade4 ,s4 #b4--,! fir/ =m ( ! s5t5ce error 7,s #a7 is made by us+ too mu* = "o s5t5ce4 ,! second =m 7,s #b7 is made by us+ too little4 ,x consi/s 9 writ+ a subord9ate clause or a phrase z a s5t5ce2 z1 #a4 ,wrong3 ,i told h] ,i w\ld att5d to ! matt] at my e>lie/ conv5i5ce4 ,probably on my way f "w 9 ! ev5+4 #b4 ,wrong3 ,8 doctor advis$ him to g to ,arizona4 ,:i* he decid$ to d4 ,ex]cise #fa ,ea* s5t5ce %\ld express "o complete ?\ght4 ,"s ( ! foll[+ are really two s5t5ces 7,s #a71 & "s are only p>ts ( s5t5ces 7,s #b74 ,correct ea*1 nam+ ! mi/ake4 #a4 ,y w f9d ! booklet int]e/+ x is also in/ructive4 #b4 ,up to la/ ,janu>y he 0 a salesman = ,colgate ,co4 s9ce !n he has op5$ a bus9ess ( 8 own4 #c4 ,i didn't "k y _h come1 :5 did y arrive8 #d4 ,did any "o take ! newspap]1 ,i left x "h only a mom5t ago4 #e4 ,i %all take my vacation 9 ,septemb] h y _h y\rs8 #f4 ,i mu/ g n[ good-bye ,i'll see y on ,saturday4 #g4 ,! op5+ s5t5ce held ! man's att5tion1 he read x aga9 & aga94 #h4 ,i'll h to run to cat* ! tra91 o!rwise ,i %all be late = "w4 #i4 ,! adv]tisem5t is attractive1 /ill x has n paid well4 #aj4 ,we wi%$ to r$uce (fice drudg]y !re=e we in/all$ add+ & address+ ma*9es4 #aa4 ,^! problems all require a k ( squ>e root = example1 take ! f\r?4 #ab4 ,d y expect to come home = ,*ri/mas or %all y /ay 9 ,new ,york ,i don't rememb] n[ :i* y said4 #ac4 ,fir/ ,i read a /atem5t t recomm5d$ ! bonds !n ,i read an article t condemn$ !m )\t "q ! result 0 t ,i didn't "k :at to d4 #ad4 ,"o-half ( ! /atem5ts are "h1 ! o!rs are 9 ! safe4 #ae4 ,if y\r "n is n correct on ?is envelope1 please notify u we wi% to insure y\r receiv+ our bullet9 regul>ly4 #af4 ,! supply ( fruit 0 great] ?an ! dem&1 t is :y fruit 0 *eap4 #ag4 ,flies are dang]\s4 ,especially 9 a sick room f :i* !y c>ry g]ms to o!rs4 #ah4 ,9 ! c\ntry ! trees 7 load$ ) fruit1 _! bran*es _h to be propp$ s t !y w\ld n break4 #ai4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 ,ri*>d ,t4 ,crane1 ! late millionaire head ( ! imm5se ,crane ,manufactur+ ,company1 came to ,*icago1 he />t$ a brass f\ndry1 :i* grew into ! pres5t giant e/abli%m5t4 #bj4 ,we sp5t la/ summ] 9 ! ,bitt] ,root ,valley we camp$ )9 view ( ,will\ghby ,falls4 #ba4 ,i want to congratulate y on y\r appo9tm5t ,i he>d ( x only ye/]day4 #bb4 ,x surely 0 n ,i :om y saw ,i wond] :o x c\ld h be54 #bc4 ,n "o ( u has a sal>y ( ?ree ?\s& doll>s s we d n worry ov] ! income tax4 #bd4 ,please s5d me ! booklet y (f]$ 9 ! ,bus9ess ,magaz9e1 ,i'd also l p>ticul>s ( y\r adv]tis$ disc\nt sale ( typewrit]s4 #be4 ,soon] or lat] %+les are sure to w>p & curl1 ?us !y pull out ! nails & all[ ! ra9 to beat 91 fur!rmore1 %ad$ %+les soon rot & all[ ! wat] to soak ?r\gh4 #bf4 ,?is seal+ & /amp+ ma*9e is endors$ by bus9ess m5 9 all our l>ge cities nev]!less x is n exp5sive4 #bg4 ,if y wi% to prove ! excell5ce ( our pap]1 j te> (f a corn] ( ?is %eet !n te> (f a corn] ( y\r pres5t lett]head ) a magnify+ glass exam9e bo? torn edges4 #bh4 ,! sup]ior pap] w %[ long1 l95 fib]s ! poor]1 on ! o!r h&1 w h %ort1 woody fib]s4 #bi4 ,:5 a ,g]man army is on ! m>*1 x /ops e tw5ty m9utes = a re/4 ,exp]im5ts hav+ %[n t a soldi] c cov] m gr\nd :5 he is giv5 ?is p]iod ( relaxation4 #cj4 ,two ?\s& convicts w be releas$ accord+ to a plan work$ out by ! gov]nor2 five hundr$ w be giv5 _! fre$om at once1 &1 if ! plan is a success "o ?\s& five hundr$ o!rs w be releas$4 ,"o-half _! wages ( fifty c5ts a day to g to _! families & "o-half to ! p5it5ti>y fund4 ,if !y leave ! /ate or commit any crime :ile !y are on p>ole1 to s]ve ! balance ( _! t]m & an ext5sion ( "t4 ,!y w be put to "w on roads & bridges ! c\nties ne$ sev]al ?\s& su* labor]s b _c pay union prices4 ,ex]cise #fb ,rewrite ! foll[+1 divid+ into s5t5ces3 #a ,de> ,sir3 ,!re is no saf] way to inve/ money ?an 9 a good fir/ mortgage on city real e/ate by a good mortgage we mean "o t is prop]ly drawn & ) su* security z absolutely insures ! hold] aga9/ loss we h made a specialty ( fir/ mortgage loans1 & we (f] inve/ors ! b5efit ( our wide exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s we inve/igate prop]ties frequ5tly & keep inve/ors in=m$ on _! inve/m5t we look aft] all details & collections )\t extra *>ge y w f9d x to y\r int]e/ to consult u4 ,y\rs truly1 #b ,/ick to y\r legitimate bus9ess d n g out into outside op]ations few m5 h bra9s en\gh = m ?an "o bus9ess to dabble 9 /ocks1 to put a few ?\s& doll>s into a m9e1 a few m into a manufactory1 & a few m into an inv5tion is en\gh to ru9 any man be cont5t ) fair returns d n become gre$y d n ?9k t m5 are happy 9 proportion z !y are ri* & !re=e d n aim too high be cont5t ) mod]ate weal? make fri5ds a "t w come :5 all ! money 9 ! _w w n be wor? to y z mu* z "o /aun* fri5d4 #c ,sacram5to ,city is a great comm]cial c5t] its :olesale & jobb+ bus9ess ext5ds hundr$s ( miles to ! nor?1 s\?1 we/1 & ea/ x is fa/ becom+ a sub/antial manufactur+ c5t] l>ge six & eight /ory build+s are rapidly tak+ ! place ( ! old two /ory /ructures a new city hall has j be5 complet$ :i* co/ #aej1jjj & a new c\rt h\se #a1jjj1jjj ! city has rec5tly issu$ bonds am\nt+ to #hjj1jjj = new s*ools sc>cely a week passes )\t record+ "s new ent]prise all ! ma9 highways are macadamiz$ s t automobile travel is possible e day ( ! ye> & ! f>m] c haul 8 produce to m>ket at a m9imum co/ m>ket conditions are good & any class ( produce f9ds ready sale at remun]ative prices4--7,f an adv]tisem5t47 ,classify ! s5t5ces t y h =m$ 9 ! =ego+ ex]cise3 #a4 ,accord+ to mean+4 #b4 ,accord+ to =m4 ,ex]cise #fc--,p>ts ( ,spee* ,!re are eight diff]5t k9ds ( words call$ p>ts ( spee*1 :i* are us$ to make s5t5ces4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,n\n3 ,! horse is br[n4 ,pron\n3 ,he is ! be/ horse ( all4 ,v]b3 ,he gallop$ to t[n4 ,adjective3 ,! br[n horse is my favorite4 ,adv]b3 ,he runs swiftly4 ,preposition3 ,we %all ride to t[n4 ,conjunction3 ,! night is cle> & cold4 ,int]jection3 ,oh6 ,my horse /umbl$4 ,?us a n\n names some?+4 ,a ^w t /&s = a n\n is a pron\n4 ,sometimes a diff]5t "p ( spee* is us$ l a n\n1 & = ! "t be+ x becomes a n\n4 ,! v]b is a v important "p ( spee*1 s9ce )\t x !re c be no s5t5ce4 ,! v]b makes an ass]tion1 asks a "q1 or gives a comm&4 ,adjectives are words t belong to or describe n\ns or pron\ns4 ,adv]bs g ) or modify v]bs1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,prepositions & conjunctions connect4 ,prepositions jo9 _! objects to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce2 conjunctions jo9 words1 phrases1 or clauses4 ,an int]jection1 su* z ! exclamation oh1 is us$ )\t hav+ grammatical relation to any o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,a preposition always takes an object1 ! preposition & its object mak+ a phrase4 ,gr\p+ ?is in=mation1 we h3 ,n\ns are names ( p]sons & ?+s4 ,pron\ns are sub/itutes = n\ns4 ,v]bs make ass]tions1 ask que/ions1 or give comm&s4 ,adjectives modify n\ns & pron\ns4 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee* ,adv]bs modify v]bs1 adjectives1 & adv]bs4 ,!y usually answ] ! que/ions h[8 :58 :]e8 :y8 to :at degree8 ,prepositions jo9 object n\ns or pron\ns to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,conjunctions jo9 words1 phrases1 & clauses4 ,int]jections are indep5d5t words us$ z exclamations4 ,a ^w is n always ! same "p ( spee*4 ,we may say1 ,did y />* ! clo!s8 9 :i* case />* is a v]b4 ,a groc] may say1 ,! />* 9 ^! packages is always clean4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce />* is a n\n4 ,! "p ( spee* dep5ds entirely on ! way ! ^w is us$4 ,9 ! foll[+1 "n ! "p ( spee* ( ea* ^w 9 italic4 ,judge by ! way ! ^w is us$ 9 ! s5t5ce4 #a4 ,! desks h gre5 pads4 #b4 ,gre5 is a re/ful color4 #c4 ,9 ! valley is a mill1 :i* gr9ds fl\r4 ,x is a fl\r mill4 #d4 ,i saw him /ret* out 8 h&4 #e4 ,! /ret* ( wa/e l& amaz$ him4 #f4 ,europeans say t ,am]icans wa/e m ?an !y use4 #g4 ,"o ( our great problems is h[ to less5 wa/e4 #h4 ,aft] ! /ormy night1 ! day dawn$ bright & cle>4 #i4 ,he has be5 work+ night & day4 #aj4 ,! old man w5t home sad & we>y4 #aa4 ,home is ! be/ place 9 ! _w4 #ab4 ,we mu/ f9e y = su* an (f5se4 #ac4 ,y\r f9e is five doll>s4 #ad4 ,we use f9e s& 9 our concrete4 #ae4 ,i c talk bett] ?an ,i c write4 #af4 ,john wrote ! bett] circul>4 #ag4 ,talk+ w n bett] ! matt]4 #ah4 ,"y p %\ld le>n to respect _! bett]s4 #ai4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a pause 9 ! music4 #bj4 ,did y see ^? m5 pause8 #ba4 ,he 0 our guide = he knew ! ins & outs ( ! place4 #bb4 ,h y ev] be5 9 ! h\se8 #bc4 ,:]e are y go+--9 or out8 #bd4 ,good apples are exp5sive4 #be4 ,! good ( ! p is our fir/ consid]ation4 #bf4 ,i %all n g if x ra9s4 #bg4 ,:at is ! use ( say+ if8 #bh4 ,i l to see h] j l ?is1 = 9 l mood ,i d n "k h] l4 #bi4 ,little drops ( wat] make ! mighty ocean4 #cj4 ,i c d little ( ! "w until ! typewrit] is repair$4 #ca4 ,d n belittle y\r "w4 #cb4 ,%e /udies too little4 ,ex]cise #fd ,ea* ( ! foll[+ may be us$ z diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4 ,write s5t5ces illu/rat+ z _m uses z possible = ea* ^w4 s\nd pap] dress r+ light %oe box dawn ride long ink curb iron w>m walk use he> cold rule cem5t ,ex]cise #fe ,tell :i* ( ! words 9 italic are adjectives & :i* are adv]bs4 ,rememb] t an adjective goes ) a n\n or pron\n2 an adv]b ) ano!r adv]b1 an adjective1 or a v]b1 & usually answ]s ! "q h[8 :58 :]e8 :y8 h[ mu*8 or h[ long8 #a4 ,y are walk+ too fa/4 #b4 ,s5d p]i%able articles by fa/ freight4 #c4 ,he has be5 a well man s9ce he has /opp$ work+ indoors4 #d4 ,he writes v well4 #e4 ,! fire is bright4 #f4 ,x burns brightly4 #g4 ,t is a v poor reason4 #h4 ,! b]ries look good1 b !y ta/e s\r4 #i4 ,!y are n good b]ries4 #aj4 ,! sun %one brilliant above u4 7,comp>e ) brilliantly47 #aa4 ,! bookkeep] looks angry4 #ab4 ,he look$ at u angrily4 #ac4 ,! fl[]s are sweet4 #ad4 ,!y smell sweet4 7,may we say1 ,! fl[]s smell sweetly87 #ae4 ,act frankly1 speak g5tly4 #af4 ,let y\r actions be frank1 y\r spee* g5tle4 #ag4 ,labor]s compla9 t !y h to "w too h>d4 ,ex]cise #ff ,*ange ! foll[+ adjectives to adv]bs4 ,9 ea* case use bo? p>ts ( spee* 9 s5t5ces4 cold sure polite c\rte\s smoo? exact precise easy bitt] bad extreme nice l\d g5]al hone/ glad ,ex]cise #fg ,tell :i* ( ! ,words 9 italic are prepositions & :i* are adv]bs4 ,rememb] t a preposition beg9s a phrase4 ,x mu/ be foll[$ by an object4 #a4 ,he is ! be/ man 9 ! (fice4 #b4 ,john 0 leav+ z ,i came 9 ?is ev5+4 #c4 ,he did n h 8 coat on4 #d4 ,x 0 hang+ ov] 8 arm4 #e4 ,he /ood on ! top /ep sev]al m9utes1 wond]+ :e!r he %\ld we> ! coat4 #f4 ,! h&le fell (f z ,i took ! cup (f ! %elf4 #g4 ,! a]oplane flies ov] ! city4 #h4 ,i am go+ ov] to ! factory4 ,write s5t5ces us+ above1 across1 d[n1 up1 und]nea? bo? z adv]bs & z prepositions4 ,ex]cise #fh--,prepositional ,phrases ,illu/rations ,adjective3 ,! op9ions ( "s p mu/ be tak5 ) caution4 ,adv]b3 ,we %all return )9 a ye>4 ,n\n3 ,f ,new ,york to ,san ,francisco is a long trip4 ,:at "p ( spee* is ea* ( ! italiciz$ phrases bel[8 ,rememb] t an adjective modifies a n\n2 an adv]b modifies a v]b1 an adjective1 or an adv]b4 #a4 ,! waves are roll+ 91 :ite ) foam4 #b4 ,a million doll>s 0 inve/$ 9 ! bus9ess4 #c4 ,i w abide on ?y "r side & keep ! bridge ) !e4 #d4 ,9 summ] milk soon turns s\r4 #e4 ,i h come = help4 #f4 ,! p on ! bridge *e]$ = h\rs4 #g4 ,he ?rew up 8 hat = joy4 #h4 ,on ! table be=e !m /ood a de] roa/$ :ole4 #i4 ,we %all /ay "h until spr+4 #aj4 ,we came 9 sight ( ! k+'s palace4 #aa4 ,we drove to ! factory today ) ! sup]9t5d5t4 #ab4 ,he works f sunrise to sunset4 ,ex]cise #fi ,! phrase introduc$ by a preposition is ! mo/ common4 ,a li/ ( prepositions foll[s4 ,!y %\ld be le>n$4 ab\t be=e except t[>d above beh9d = "u abo>d bel[ f und]nea? across b5ea? 9 until aft] beside into up aga9/ betwe5 ( ^u along betwixt on ) amid beyond ov] )9 amid/ b 7except7 pa/ )\t among by ?r\gh to ! ext5t ( ar\nd conc]n+ ?r\gh\t f "u a?w>t d[n till accord+ to at dur+ to except = ,write ?ree s5t5ces conta9+ prepositional adjective phrases4 ,prepositional adv]bial phrases may express ! foll[+ ideas3 ,"t1 tell+ :5 some?+ happ5$4 ,place1 tell+ :]e some?+ happ5$4 ,mann]1 tell+ h[ some?+ happ5$4 ,means1 tell+ h[ some?+ happ5$4 ,cause or purpose1 tell+ :y some?+ happ5$4 ,degree1 tell+ h[ long some?+ la/$2 h[ f> x w5t2 h[ mu* x co/1 etc4 ,ag5t1 tell+ by :om x 0 done4 ,accompanim5t1 tell+ ) :om x 0 done4 ,write a s5t5ce conta9+ a prepositional phrase tell+3 #a4 :5 #f4 h[ f> #b4 :]e #g4 h[ mu* #c4 :y #h4 by :om #d4 9 :at way #i4 ) :om #e4 h[ long #aj4 by :at means ,ex]cise #gj ,"n all ! prepositional phrases 9 ,ex]cise #agi1 expla9+ :e!r !y are adjective or adv]bial4 ,ex]cise #ga--,! ,clause ,a subord9ate clause1 l a phrase1 is a gr\p ( words us$ z a "p ( spee*1 ! *ief diff]5ce be+ t a clause mu/ h a subject & a pr$icate4 ,clauses are introduc$ #a4 ,by relative pron\ns3 :o1 ^:1 :om1 :i*1 :at1 t #b4 ,by subord9ate conjunctions3 :5 because ?an unless :]e s9ce provid$ till :ile if :]eas until z z soon z :]ev] be=e z if z long z :e!r aft] ?\gh 9 ord] t :y = al?\gh le/ t :5ev] ,illu/rations ,a lamp t smokes ,,adjective3 is a torture to a /ud5t4 ,a smok+ lamp ,:5 %e 0 good %e 0 v1 v good4 ,sometimes ,,adv]b3 ,:5 %e 0 bad %e 0 horrid4 ,sometimes ,does ! clause or ! simple adv]b give ! m def9ite idea8 :]e he lives4 ,,n\n3 ,i "k ! h\se4 ,write ?ree s5t5ces illu/rat+ adjective clauses1 ?ree illu/rat+ adv]bial clauses1 & ?ree illu/rat+ n\n clauses4 ,ex]cise #gb ,"n all ! clauses 9 ,ex]cises #agi1 #ahe1 & #ahf4 ,expla9 ! use ( ea*4 ,ex]cise #gc ,write s5t5ces us+ ea* ( ! foll[+ words to introduce a phrase1 & to introduce a clause4 #a4 aft] #c4 = #e4 until #b4 be=e #d4 s9ce ,rememb] t j z a preposition mu/ be foll[$ by an object to =m a phrase1 a conjunction mu/ be foll[$ by a subject to =m a clause4 ,illu/ration ,*ri/mas4--,,object4 ,i h n se5 him s9ce he w5t away4--,,subject4 ,ex]cise #gd ,"n ! complete subject 9 ! foll[+4 ,!n "n ! simple subject1 expla9+ by :at elem5ts--words1 phrases1 or clauses--x is modifi$4 ,"n ! complete pr$icate4 ,!n "n ! simple pr$icate1 expla9+ by :at elem5ts ! v]b is modifi$4 #a4 ,mod]n bus9ess _c be c>ri$ on by old-fa%ion$ me?ods4 #b4 ,:5 a man engages 9 bus9ess1 he buys or sells4 #c4 ,! great r\tes ( trade h *ang$ f "t to "t4 #d4 ,y\r ord] w be fill$ )9 a few days4 #e4 ,bo? blanks 7 prop]ly fill$ out at ! "t4 #f4 ,means ( travel h develop$ f ! sl[ly mov+ c>avan to ! palatial railway coa*4 #g4 ,comm]ce orig9at$ :5 "o human be+ dem&$ some?+ :i* _h to be suppli$ by "s "o else4 #h4 ,! late/ ,am]ican & ,european /yles w be display$ 9 our new mill9]y dep>tm5t1 :i* w be =mally op5$ on ! fir/ ( ,m>*4 #i4 ,! prosp]ity ( nations re/s v l>gely on ! six in*es ( soil betwe5 ! surface & ! subsoil ( ! t]ritory4 #aj4 ,"o ( ! greate/ losses to ! ,ohio f>m l&s 9 ! floods ( #aiac came ab\t because ! wat] took (f ! top soil f ! hillside & valleys & c>ri$ ! vegetable mat]ial ) x4 #aa4 ,! cons]v+ ( ! top soil is "o ( ! greate/ problems 9 national prosp]ity4 #ab4 ,we tru/ t %ipm5t ab\t ,septemb] #h w be satisfactory to y1 z x is ! be/ t we c d "u ! circum/ances4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,n\n ,,& ,,! ,,pron\n ,,= ! plural ( n\ns see ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! classes to :i* n\ns belong are di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,a common n\n is ! "n giv5 to an object to d5ote ! class to :i* x belongs2 z1 book1 man4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n giv5 to a p>ticul> object to di/+ui% x f o!rs ( ! same class2 z1 ,m>y1 ,republicans1 ,engl&4 ,prop] n\ns %\ld always be capitaliz$4 ,a collective n\n is a "n :i* 9 ! s+ul> d5otes a collection4 ,x is usually plural 9 idea b s+ul> 9 use2 z1 congregation1 cr[d4 ,an ab/ract n\n is ! "n d5ot+ a quality ( an object2 z1 p[]1 purity1 /r5g?4 ,a v]bal n\n is ! "n ( an action4 ,z its "n sugge/s1 x is made f a v]b2 z1 ,sweep+ is good ex]cise4 ,ex]cise #ge ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces supply necess>y capital lett]s4 ,expla9 :y ! same ^w 9 "o expression ne$s a capital & 9 ano!r does n4 #a4 ,i h j tak5 out an end[m5t policy 9 ! nor?we/]n mutual life insurance company4 #b4 ,!re are _m mutual life insurance companies 9 ! c\ntry4 #c4 ,8 refus+ ! t]ms 0 practically a decl>ation ( indep5d5ce4 #d4 ,on ! f\r? ( ,july we celebrate ! sign+ ( ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 ! fir/ /ep 9 ! revolution>y w>4 #e4 ,mexico has _h _m revolution>y w>s4 #f4 ,& k+ ,ar?ur said1 ,! k+ :o fights 8 p fights himself4 #g4 ,:5 does ! bank close8 #h4 ,i h an acc\nt ) ! fir/ national bank4 #i4 ,?is is ! fir/ national bank t 0 ev] e/abli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,expla9 to :i* class ea* n\n 9 ! =ego+ s5t5ces belongs4 ,be p>ticul>ly c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 common & prop] n\ns4 ,ex]cise #gf--,pron\ns ,! diff]5t classes ( pron\ns are di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,! p]sonal pron\n is us$ 9 place ( ! "n ( a p]son or ?+4 ,! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son indicates ! speak]1 ! pron\n ( ! second p]son indicates ! p]son spok5 to1 & ! pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son indicates ! p]son spok5 (4 ,!y are decl9$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ p]son ,s+ul> ,plural ,nom4 ,i we ,poss4 my1 m9e our1 ours ,obj4 me u ,second p]son ,nom4 y 7?\7 y 7ye7 ,poss4 y\r1 y\rs 7?y1 ?9e7 y\r1 y\rs ,obj4 y 7!e7 y ,9 mod]n usage y is us$ = bo? ! s+ul> & ! plural1 b ! v]b t goes ) y is always plural4 ,?ird p]son ,s+ul> ,plural ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neut4 ,nom4 he %e x !y ,poss4 8 h]1 h]s its _!1 !irs ,obj4 him h] x !m ,,note4--,! =ms m9e1 ?9e1 y\rs1 h]s1 ours1 !irs1 & sometimes 8 are possessive case 9 =m1 b nom9ative or objective case 9 use4 ,t p5cil is m9e really means1 ,t p5cil is my p5cil4 ,m9e is us$ z a sub/itute = a possessive pron\n & ! n\n x modifies4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns comp\nd$ ) self are ( two k9ds3 #a4 ,emphatic pron\ns2 z1 ,! buy] himself told me4 #b4 ,reflexive pron\ns1 ref]r+ back to ! subject & at ! same "t be+ 9 ! objective case2 z1 ,john slipp$ & hurt himself4 ,! relative pron\n is s call$ because x relates or ref]s to ano!r ^w1 call$ its antec$5t1 to :i* x jo9s ! clause t x introduces4 ,! relative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 :at1 t2 & ! comp\nd relatives are :oev]1 :osoev]1 :i*ev]1 :i*soev]1 :atev]1 :atsoev]4 ,!y are decl9$ z foll[s3 ,s+ul> & ,plural ,nom4 :o :i* :oev] :osoev] ,poss4 ^: ( :i* :osev] :osesoev] ,obj4 :om :i* :omev] :omsoev] ,t1 :at1 :i*ev]1 :i*soev]1 :atev]1 & :atsoev] are n decl9$4 ,!y h ! same =m 9 ! nom9ative & objective cases1 & are n us$ 9 ! possessive case4 ,:at is peculi> 9 t x nev] has an antec$5t express$1 b itself /&s = bo? antec$5t & relative4 ,x is call$ ! d\ble relative4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,i did n he> ! words t he said4 ,i did n he> t :i* he said4 ,i did n he> :at he said4 ,t is call$ ! re/rictive relative1 because x limits or re/ricts its antec$5t to ! mean+ express$ 9 ! clause introduc$ by t4 ,a re/rictive clause is "o1 !re=e1 t is ne$$ to make ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce cle>4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,non-re/rictive3 ,john ,br[n1 :o has no disease1 ne$s no physician4 ,re/rictive3 ,he t ha? no disease ne$s no physician4 ,notice t a re/rictive1 or necess>y1 clause is n sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,:o & :i* are sometimes us$ ) re/rictive =ce2 z1 #a4 ,^? :o h f9i%$ _! "w may leave4 7,n ev]ybody47 #b4 ,h y read ! book :i* he recomm5d$8 7,he recomm5d$ b "o47 ,int]rogative pron\ns are us$ 9 ask+ que/ions4 ,!y are :o1 :i*1 :at4 ,:o ref]s to p]sons2 :i* ref]s to p]sons or ?+s1 & is us$ to di/+ui% "o object f ano!r2 :at ref]s to ?+s4 ,!y are decl9$ z foll[s3 ,s+ul> & ,plural ,nom4 :o :i* :at ,poss4 ^: 7( :i*7 7( :at7 ,obj4 :om :i* :at ,! int]rogative pron\ns :i* & :at are frequ5tly us$ z adjectives4 ,9 ?is case !y are call$ pronom9al adjectives4 ,comp>e3 ,pron\n3 ,:i* ( ^! hats d y pref]8 ,adjective3 ,:i* hat d y pref]8 ,! demon/rative pron\ns are ?is & t ) _! plurals ^! & ^?4 ,!y are always us$ to po9t out1 or demon/rate1 ! n\n to :i* !y ref]4 ,?is & ^! are us$ = objects ne> at h&1 or rec5tly nam$2 t & ^? are us$ = objects f> away1 or n rec5tly nam$4 ,! demon/rative pron\ns are frequ5tly us$ z adjectives2 z1 ,pron\n3 ,t is my book4 ,adjective3 ,t book is m9e4 ,indef9ite pron\ns ref] to objects or p]sons1 b d n def9e or limit !m4 ,! indef9ite pron\ns are ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r1 "o1 none1 o!r1 ano!r1 few1 all1 _m1 sev]al1 "s1 ea* o!r1 "o ano!r1 & ! comp\nds any "o1 "s "o1 e "o1 some?+1 no?+4 ,indef9ite pron\ns are frequ5tly us$ z adjectives4 ,ea*1 e1 ei!r1 "o1 ano!r1 any "o1 "s "o1 e "o1 :e!r !y are us$ z pron\ns or z adjectives1 are s+ul> 9 numb]4 ,if ano!r pron\n is us$ to ref] to "o ( !m1 x mu/ be 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,ex]cise #gg--;,classes ( ,pron\ns ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 expla9 :i* pron\ns repres5t ! p]son speak+1 :i* repres5t ! p]son spok5 to1 & :i* repres5t ! p]son spok5 (4 ,tell :i* pron\ns ask que/ions2 :i* are us$ z adjectives2 :i* are us$ to connect subord9ate clauses to ! ^w = :i* !y /&4 ,if ! antec$5t is express$1 po9t x out4 #a4 ,:o is talk+8 #b4 ,! man :o is speak+ is ! head ( ! cr$it dep>tm5t4 #c4 ,if y are go+1 get ready4 #d4 ,:i* is ! bett] piece ( clo?8 #e4 ,?is is ! bett] piece ( clo?4 #f4 ,! "o :o wi%es to succe$ mu/ ex]cise great c>e 9 8 "w4 #g4 ,he t w\ld succe$ mu/ "w4 #h4 ,_m m5 fail because ( laz9ess4 #i4 ,:at did y say8 #aj4 ,c y guess :om ,i saw8 #aa4 ,he himself told u4 #ab4 ,a c\s9 ( ours is com+ to t[n4 #ac4 ,! man ^: life is above criticism ne$ fe> no "o4 #ad4 ,:oev] lives ! tru? ne$ fe> no criticism4 #ae4 ,i wi% y w\ld remove ^? files4 #af4 ,ink t is ?ick makes illegible writ+4 #ag4 ,:at pap] %\ld ,i de/roy8 #ah4 ,i _c und]/& :at any "o is say+4 #ai4 ,?is is n my umbrella4 ,x is y\rs4 #bj4 ,no fri5d ( 8 w\ld talk 9 t way4 #ba4 ,?is is no book ( !irs2 x belongs to u4 #bb4 ,:atsoev] he sai? unto y1 d x4 #bc4 ,i %all ask :omev] ,i see4 #bd4 ,ea* ( u has 8 "w assign$4 #be4 ,e boy has 8 "w assign$4 ,ex]cise #gh ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces he1 81 !y1 _!1 !m1 x1 or its %\ld be ins]t$4 ,give ! reason = y\r *oice4 #a4 ,no man is all[$ to leave ---- desk untidy4 #b4 ,e "o mu/ put ---- tools away be=e leav+ ! %op4 #c4 ,e (fice work] is requir$ to be 9 ---- place at eight-?irty e morn+4 #d4 ,9 my bus9ess a p]son mu/ le>n to make up ---- m9d quickly4 #e4 ,x 0 cold ?is morn+4 ,e "o wore ---- wraps4 #f4 ,e cl]k mu/ d ---- own "w4 #g4 ,if an employee has ideas = ! improvem5t ( ! bus9ess1 ---- is reque/$ to report ---- sugge/ions to ! sup]9t5d5t4 #h4 ,! sup]9t5d5t is anxi\s to h e workman feel t ---- 7has1 h7 a def9ite place 9 ! organization1 & t if ---- 7does n1 don't7 d ---- "w1 ! bus9ess w suff]4 #i4 ,no goods w be accept$ unless ---- 7are1 is7 9 good condition4 #aj4 ,e newspap] is anxi\s to increase ---- classifi$ adv]tis+4 #aa4 ,no "o c>es to see ---- fri5ds fr[n4 #ab4 ,e "o mu/ agree t ---- 7has1 h7 ---- faults4 #ac4 ,n "o ( ! banks _h ---- deposits decreas$4 #ad4 ,w any "o let me take ---- umbrella8 #ae4 ,e "o says t ---- _h a delightful ev5+4 #af4 ,:o 0 x said ,i _h ---- book8 #ag4 ,does ea* /ate pay ov] a "p ( ---- taxes to ! f$]al gov]nm5t8 #ah4 ,e "o w f9d 9 ! curr5t publications a weal? ( in=mation applicable to ---- specific ne$s1 mu* ( :i* ---- w wi% to file = easy ref]5ce1 no matt] 9 :at dep>tm5t ( ! _w's "w ---- int]e/ c5t]s4 #ai4 ,if any "o c\ld tell be=eh& :5 ---- opportunities w\ld arrive1 ---- might be ready to grasp ea* z ---- came4 #bj4 ,if e "o "h w\ld foll[ ! directions t ----7has1 h7 receiv$1 ---- w\ld make few] mi/akes 9 %ipm5ts4 #ba4 ,any "o :o wi%es may give ---- op9ion4 #bb4 ,no "o ne$ expect to leave be=e ---- "w is f9i%$4 #bc4 ,e "o 9 ! (fice took ---- vacation e>ly ?is ye> except me4 #bd4 ,ea* ( ! tw5ty banks s5t ---- repres5tative to ! meet+4 #be4 ,on apply+ = a position1 ea* man is giv5 a blank t ---- mu/ fill out c>efully1 mak+ ---- answ]s z def9ite z possible4 ,"s ( ! foll[+ are "r1 & "s are wrong4 ,correct ^? t are wrong1 expla9+ :y !y are wrong4 #a4 ,nei!r "o ( !m "k :at !y are expect$ to d4 #b4 ,applicant aft] applicant h&$ 9 _! names4 #c4 ,if any "o has a compla9t to make1 he %\ld report x 9 writ+ to ! sup]9t5d5t4 #d4 ,h ei!r ( ! /5ograph]s f9i%$ _! lett]s8 #e4 ,i wi% ev]ybody w\ld d _! own "w & let me d m9e4 #f4 ,ea* man did 8 "w fai?fully4 #g4 ,has nei!r ! c>p5t] nor ! plumb] yet br\ght 8 tools8 #h4 ,e "o ( ! cl]ks mu/ h& _! report to ! head bookkeep] be=e five o'clock4 #i4 ,"o ( !m mu/ h neglect$ to h& 9 8 report4 #aj4 ,man aft] man ye/]day promis$ me t !y'd be on h& to "w ?is morn+1 & n "o ( !m %[$ !mselves4 ,ex]cise #gi ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cise1 tell :i* ( ! italiciz$ pron\ns introduce re/rictive1 & :i* introduce non-re/rictive clauses3 #a4 ,?is is ! be/ b>ga9 t we h ev] (f]$4 #b4 ,?is is ,mr4 ,burton1 ^: "w ,i recomm5d$ to y4 #c4 ,! city t ,i enjoy$ mo/ 0 ,quebec4 #d4 ,i enjoy$ walk+ on ! old wall t /ill surr\nds ! t[n4 #e4 ,! club to :i* ,i belong w hold a meet+ next week4 #f4 ,! club t ,i belong to w hold a meet+ next ,monday4 #g4 ,all ^? ^: daily "w %[$ an improvem5t 7 giv5 an increase 9 sal>y4 #h4 ,! horse t ran away belong$ to my p>tn]4 #i4 ,! greate/ man is he :o feels himself ! lea/4 #aj4 ,an old /ory tells u t :5 ,caes>1 :o 0 a great ,roman emp]or1 return$ f a conque/ :i* has ev] s9ce be5 fam\s1 he br\ght back to ,rome a =mula t has revolutioniz$ ! _w4 ,x 0 a =mula = mak+ soap1 & 0 consid]$ "o ( ! greate/ treasures t 0 captur$ dur+ ! campaign4 ,caes> imm$iately saw ! value t x w\ld h 9 ! eyes ( ! _w1 & he =c$ ! soap-mak]s to reveal _! secret4 #aa4 ,! g>rison is a h&ful ( invalid soldi]s1 ^: pr9cipal duty is to gu>d "s ( ! out] t[]s4 #ab4 ,?is is ! g5tleman :om we met 9 ,bo/on4 #ac4 ,mr4 ,c>t]1 :o 0 a memb] ( our ,bo/on firm1 w take *>ge ( our city sales4 #ad4 ,we hone/ly believe t our late/ ,/yle ,book1 :i* goes ) ?is lett]1 (f]s y m = e doll> t y sp5d ?an y c get else:]e4 ,ex]cise #hj--;,case ,case is t modification ( a n\n or a pron\n :i* d5otes its relation to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,!re are ?ree cases3 ! nom9ative1 ! objective1 & ! possessive4 ,al?\gh n\ns are us$ 9 all ?ree cases1 no *ange ( =m occurs except 9 ! possessive case4 ,! nom9ative case is us$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3 #a4 ,! pr9cipal use ( ! nom9ative case is z subject ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,n\n3 ,! bus9ess is prosp]\s4 ,pron\n3 ,x has be5 e/abli%$ = five ye>s4 #b4 ,sometimes a n\n or pron\n is us$ to complete ! mean+ ( su* v]bs z be1 become1 seem1 appe>1 ta/e1 feel4 ,su* a n\n is 9 ! nom9ative case1 & is call$ a pr$icate nom9ative1 or a subjective complem5t2 z1 ,n\n3 ,mr4 ,br[n is ! manag]4 ,he seems a g5tleman4 ,pron\n3 ,i ?9k x is %e4 #c4 ,a n\n 9 apposition ) ano!r n\n 9 ! nom9ative case is also 9 ! nom9ative case2 z1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ! manag]1 is v capable4 ,! man to :om y %\ld apply is ,mr4 ,br[n1 ! manag]4 #d4 ,sometimes a n\n or a pron\n is us$ 9 direct address or 9 an exclamation1 )\t hav+ any grammatical relation to ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,x is !n said to be nom9ative indep5d5t2 z1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 a g5tleman wi%es to speak to y4 ,a /rike6 ,:y are !y decl>+ a /rike8 ,y6 ,i ?\ght y 7 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 #e4 ,sometimes a n\n or pron\n is us$ ) a p>ticiple to express an adv]bial relation4 ,su* a n\n is 9 ! nom9ative case1 & is call$ nom9ative absolute1 because x has no grammatical relation to any o!r "p ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,mr4 ,br[n hav+ gone1 we told ! g5tleman to see ,mr4 ,jones4 ,he be+ ! guide1 we ask$ no que/ions4 ,x is mu* bett] to use a clause to express su* an idea2 z1 ,z ,mr4 ,br[n _h gone1 we told ! g5tleman to see ,mr4 ,jones4 ,write a s5t5ce conta9+ a n\n & "o conta9+ a pron\n 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ uses ( ! nom9ative case3 #a4 ,subject4 #b4 ,pr$icate ,nom9ative4 ,write a s5t5ce conta9+ a n\n us$ #a4 ,9 direct address4 #b4 ,9 exclamation4 #c4 ,9 apposition ) ano!r n\n 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,ex]cise #ha--,! ,objective ,case ,a n\n or a pron\n may be us$ 9 ! objective case 9 ! foll[+ ways3 #a4 ,direct object ( a transitive v]b2 z1 ,i h a good position4 ,d y "k him8 #b4 ,object ( a preposition2 z1 ,i h j return$ f ! libr>y4 ,br+ ! book to me4 #c4 ,indirect object ( su* v]bs z ask1 give1 tea*1 %[+ ! p]son = :om or to :om ! action is done2 z1 ,%e br\ght h] "m "s fl[]s4 ,i gave h] s++ lessons4 #d4 ,a n\n z second object aft] v]bs ( mak+1 *oos+1 call+1 elect+2 z1 ,!y *ose ,john secret>y4 #e4 ,a n\n 9 apposition ) ano!r objective2 z1 ,s5d y\r report to ! secret>y1 ,john ,wilson4 #f4 ,adv]bial modifi]2 z1 ,we are go+ home4 ,write a s5t5ce conta9+ a n\n & "o conta9+ a pron\n 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ uses ( ! objective case3 #a4 ,direct object ( a transitive v]b4 #b4 ,indirect object4 #c4 ,object ( a preposition4 ,write a s5t5ce conta9+ a n\n us$ z #a4 ,adv]bial objective4 #b4 ,second object4 #c4 ,appositive ( ano!r n\n 9 ! objective case4 ,ex]cise #hb--,! ,possessive ,case ,to =m ! possessive case ( n\ns add an apo/rophe & s to all s+ul> n\ns1 & to all plural n\ns t d n end 9 s2 if a plural n\n ends 9 s add only an apo/rophe2 z1 *ild's1 *ildr5's1 boys'4 ,exception4--,:51 9 long words1 ! additional s 9 ! s+ul> w\ld cause a disagreeable s\nd1 "s writ]s use only ! apo/rophe2 z1 ,we await$ ! pr9cess's decision4 ,we await$ ! pr9cess' decision4 ,x is (t5 bett] 9 su* cases to use a phrase2 z1 ,we await$ ! decision ( ! pr9cess4 ,?us1 an ( phrase may be us$ in/ead ( ! possessive case4 ,9 speak+ ( an inanimate object "o %\ld use x in/ead ( ! apo/rophe & s2 z1 ! top ( ! m\nta94 ,h[ev]1 we use su* expressions z la/ ye>'s prices4 ,:51 z 9 ! "n ( a firm1 two or m n\ns are tak5 toge!r ) ! idea ( common possession1 ! sign ( ! possessive is add$ to ! la/ n\n only4 ,if sep>ate possession is impli$1 ! sign ( ! possessive is add$ to ea* n\n2 z1 ,h y se5 ,wilson ,k+'s new build+8 ,?is is ,m>y & ,hel5's room4 ,is ?is ,m>y's or ,hel5's coat8 ,a n\n or pron\n is 9 ! possessive case be=e a v]bal n\n2 z1 ,i pref] to h ,john's /udy+ done be=e d9n]4 ,i pref] to h 8 /udy+ done be=e d9n]4 ,write s5t5ces express+ relation betwe5 ! words 9 ! foll[+ pairs4 ,use "o ( !m 9 ! possessive case or use an ( phrase1 :i*ev] seems bett]4 ! manag]1 desk city1 h>bor desk1 top draw] proprietor1 private (fice book1 cov] typewrit]1 keys city1 mayor l$g]1 fir/ page ,br+ to class five incorrect possessive phrases tak5 f adv]tisem5ts4 ,expla9 & correct ! mi/akes4 ,ex]cise #hc ,:i* ( ! italiciz$ words w\ld y use8 ,:y8 #a4 ,h y he>d ( ,mr4 ,b5nett1 ,mr4 ,b5nett's be+ appo9t$ *airman ( ! meet+8 #b4 ,x w probably delay him1 8 com+ "h4 #c4 ,i don't und]/& him1 8 refus+ to accept ! position4 #d4 ,we h he>d a great deal ( him1 8 mak+ a success ( photography4 #e4 ,! man's indu/ry has result$ 9 him1 8 ga9+ fame4 #f4 ,w y sign ?is p]mit = u1 our visit+ ! factory8 #g4 ,:at d y say to u1 our mak+ "s c&y8 #h4 ,i am v sorry t me1 my int]rupt+ y ye/]day delay$ y\r "w4 #i4 ,! ma*9e is 9 excell5t condition4 ,!re is no reason = x1 its ne$+ any repair4 #aj4 ,ev]ybody1 ev]ybody's be+ on "t is absolutely necess>y4 ,ex]cise #hd ,ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces is incorrect because ! sign ( ! possessive case has be5 omitt$4 ,ins]t ! apo/rophe or ! apo/rophe & s1 :]ev] ei!r is ne$$4 #a4 ,!re is a new boys s*ool 9 our t[n4 #b4 ,james bro!r ,john is our new bookkeep]4 #c4 ,= entrance to ?is c\rse ?ree ye>s "w 9 ma!matics & "o ye>s "w 9 ,g]man are requir$4 #d4 ,?is new build+ w be occupi$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,hopk9s mail ord] dep>tm5t4 #e4 ,! sup]9t5d5ts inspection 0 ?or\gh4 #f4 ,! tr\ble w be 9 ,john agree+ to ! proposition4 #g4 ,all applications = help %\ld be made to ! ,wom5s ,committees4 #h4 ,! employees re/ rooms are on ! sunny side ( ! build+4 #i4 ,our fifte5 ye>s exp]i5ce 9 sell+ bonds has conv9c$ u t inve/m5ts pay+ a l[ rate ( int]e/ are ! safe/4 #aj4 ,9 to-days mail ,i receiv$ a v l>ge ord] f ,graham ,moore's successors4 #aa4 ,jones ,bro!rs new /ore is on ! corn] ( ,madison ,/reet4 #ab4 ,la/ mon? sales %[ an increase ( two ?\s& doll>s4 #ac4 ,ev]ybodys bus9ess is nobodys bus9ess4 #ad4 ,x is :5 to-morr[s burd5 is add$ to ! burd5 ( to-day t ! weight is m ?an a man c be>4 #ae4 ,! pres5t gov]nor 0 ! peoples *oice4 #af4 ,i pref] ,t5nysons poems to ,longfell[s4 #ag4 ,i h read bo? ,longfell[ & ,t5nysons poems4 #ah4 ,i b\ght ! book at ,b>l[ & ,companys new /ore4 #ai4 ,we are go+ to insi/ on ,m>y tak+ a long vacation ?is ye>4 #bj4 ,i h _h ! pleasure ( /ay+ at bo? y\r fri5ds h\ses4 ,ex]cise #he--,! ,apo/rophe ,"s ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces are "r1 & "s are wrong4 ,correct ^? t are wrong1 expla9+ :y !y are wrong4 #a4 ,! man :o's com+ ?is way is ,mr4 ,burton4 #b4 ,^: coat is t8 #c4 ,! man :o's place y are tak+ has be5 ) ?is firm = tw5ty ye>s4 #d4 ,! next "o ^: to give a report is ! treasur]4 #e4 ,! next "o ^: report we mu/ he> is ! treasur]4 #f4 ,don't y ?9k x's too e>ly to />t8 #g4 ,he is a ladies tailor4 #h4 ,rememb] y\r to let u "k at once :o's elect$4 #i4 ,its too late n[ to *ange its word+4 #aj4 ,mr4 ,jones' h\se is be+ repair$4 #aa4 ,! ,joneses' h\se is be+ repair$4 #ab4 ,!re com+ z fa/ z _! horse w br+ !m4 #ac4 ,i ?9k y're typewrit] ne$s clean+4 #ad4 ,y\r com+ too1 are'nt y8 #ae4 ,e bus9ess has x's problems4 #af4 ,! ,bon ,ton has a big sale 9 m5s' & wom5s' coat's4 #ag4 ,:y1 x's ,m>*6 ,no wond] _! hav+ a sale4 #ah4 ,we %all give y a special disc\nt if y w s5d y\r deal]'s "n4 #ai4 ,mo/ ( ! deal]'s adv]tise v little4 #bj4 ,x's j a ye> ago s9ce we receiv$ y\r la/ ord]4 #ba4 ,its n will+ness we lack2 x's "t4 #bb4 ,if y use our safety device1 y may leave y're w9d[ op5 ) security1 & y w arise refre%$1 ready = a big days "w4 #bc4 ,lets take our vacation :5 !y take _!'s4 #bd4 ,i ?9k we %all h to take our's 9 ,augu/4 ,two ( u mu/ /ay dur+ ,july1 = ! "w w n d x's self1 y "k4 #be4 ,9 any explanation x %\ld be ! writ]s purpose to s describe 8 good's t ! read] w desire !m4 ,a good salesman nev] %[s a necktie 9 a box4 ,he takes x out & ) a deft twi/ =ms x's l5g? into a f\r-9-h& ov] 8 f+]4 ,! cu/om] !n sees n only ! sc>f1 x's color & its weave1 b he sees x 9 x's relation to himself1 z x w look :5 x's ti$4 ,ex]cise #hf ,supply :o or :om3 #a4 ---- did y take me =8 #b4 ,! %ipp+ cl]k1 ---- ,i consid] responsible = ! mi/ake1 mu/ g4 #c4 ,! %ipp+ cl]k1 ---- ,i feel c]ta9 is responsible = ! mi/ake1 mu/ g4 #d4 ---- is x8 #e4 ---- %all ,i say call$8 #f4 ---- d y wi% to see8 #g4 ---- did y say 0 elect$8 #h4 ,he is ! "o ---- e "o ?\ght %\ld be elect$4 #i4 ,*oose ! "o ---- y ?9k w give ! be/ s]vice4 #aj4 ,*oose ! "o ---- y ?9k y c tru/4 #aa4 ,%e ask$ me ---- did x4 #ab4 ---- d y ?9k is ! be/ salesman 9 ! firm8 #ac4 ---- d y reg>d z ! be/ salesman 9 ! firm8 #ad4 ---- 0 t ---- y 7 talk+ to8 #ae4 ,he is ! "o ---- ,i 0 speak+ ab\t4 #af4 ---- d we play next week8 #ag4 ,he is a workman ---- c be tru/$4 #ah4 ,he is a workman ^u ---- y c dep5d4 #ai4 ,?is lett] comes f ,rob]t1 ---- we all "k v well4 #bj4 ,?is lett] comes f ,rob]t1 ---- we all "k writes good lett]s4 #ba4 ---- d y consid] to be mo/ capable8 ,! subject ( ! inf9itive to be mu/ be 9 ! objective case4 #bb4 ,?is booklet 0 writt5 by ! man ---- ,mr4 ,b>don consid]s to be ! be/ correspond5t 9 our (fice4 #bc4 ,he is ! "o ---- e "o believes to be wor?y ( ! highe/ honors4 #bd4 ,! critic ---- e "o ?\ght gave ! mo/ tru?ful acc\nt ( ! p]=mance is a man ( great culture4 ,supply :oev] or :omev]3 #a4 ,give ! book to ---- ne$s x4 #b4 ,give x to ---- y ?9k be/4 #c4 ---- ,i s5d c be tru/$4 #d4 ,s5d me ---- is !re4 #e4 ,s5d me ---- y f9d !re4 #f4 ---- rea*es ! l9e fir/ w receive ! cup4 #g4 ,! cup w be giv5 to ---- rea*es ! l9es fir/4 #h4 ,9 ! c\ntry lane he spoke to ---- he met4 #i4 ---- y *oose may compete = ! prize4 #aj4 ---- y br+ is welcome4 ,ex]cise #hg ,read ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 us+ "o ( ! =ms 9 italic4 ,be able to give a reason = y\r *oice4 #a4 ,he--him & ,i--me are go+ camp+ next summ]4 #b4 ,x is a "q t ref]s to y & ,i--me4 #c4 ,x is a "q betwe5 y & ,i--me4 #d4 ,i am sure t x 0 %e--h]4 #e4 ,i am sure t we saw y & he--him4 #f4 ,we--u boys are go+ camp+4 #g4 ,w y g camp+ ) we--u boys8 #h4 ,!y--!m & _! c\s9s are go+ camp+4 #i4 ,we b\ght a l>ge piece ( gr\nd s t my bro!r & ,i--me c\ld h a g>d54 #aj4 ,x 0 b\ght = he--him & ,i--me4 #aa4 ,is t he--him ent]+ ! gate8 ,yes1 t is he--him4 #ab4 ,:o--:om %\ld ,i meet at ! /ation b old ,mr4 ,mc,gregor1 :o--:om ,i _h n se5 = sev]al ye>s4 #ac4 ,if ,i 7 he--him1 ,i %\ld />t at once4 #ad4 ,!re is no ne$ ( him--8 /ay+ any long]4 #ae4 ,he does n "w s rapidly z ,i--me4 #af4 ,m>y & %e--h] "w 9 ! same (fice4 #ag4 ,!re is no dang] ( me--my fail+4 #ah4 ,please let %e--h] & ,i--me d ! "w toge!r4 #ai4 ,!re is no use ( u--our try+ any m4 #bj4 ,u--our giv+ up n[ w spoil ev]y?+4 #ba4 ,my "m object$ to me--my go+4 #bb4 ,:y did y insi/ ^u u--our com+ to-day8 #bc4 ,i h>dly ?9k x is he--him :o--:om is to blame4 #bd4 ,i %\ld l to be %e--h]4 #be4 ,!y--!m t d wrong %all be puni%$4 #bf4 ,!y--!m t d wrong ,i %all puni%4 #bg4 ,he--him t is y\r fri5d y c call ^u 9 y\r h\r ( ne$4 #bh4 ,he--him t is y\r fri5d w respond to y\r call4 #bi4 ,! manag] prais$ bo? ! bookkeep]s & we--u girls4 #cj4 ,0 x y :o call$8 ,yes1 x 0 ,i--me4 #ca4 ,x surely 0 n ,i--me :om y saw4 #cb4 ,he reprov$ u bo? b ,i--me m ?an %e--h]4 #cc4 ,are y sure x's ,i--me :om he appo9t$8 #cd4 ,if x's really ,i--me :o 0 appo9t$1 ,i'm sure ,i %\ld h be5 notifi$4 #ce4 ,i'm sure x c't be ,i--me4 ,ex]cise #hh--,same z a ,pron\n ,"o ( ! wor/ con/ructions f\nd 9 bus9ess lett]s ( today is ! use ( same z a pron\n4 ,! ^w may be an adjective or a n\n b nev] a pron\n4 ,wrong3 ,w y please fill out ! enclos$ blank & return same z soon z possible8 ,"r3 ,w y please fill out ! enclos$ blank & return x z soon z possible8 ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces sub/itute a n\n or a pron\n = same3 #a4 ,w y n s5d u a *eck by ,friday s t we may use same = our pay roll on ,saturday8 #b4 ,d y wi% to bid = our c9d] output ?is ye>8 ,we h a sample c> t we %all be glad to h y inspect if y ?9k y w h any use = same4 #c4 ,we h no use = ! mat]ial ?is ye>1 b we ?ank y = giv+ u an opportunity to bid = same4 #d4 ,if y are dissatisfi$ ) ! ma*9e1 return same at our exp5se4 #e4 ,y /ate t y s5t u an ord] on ,june #aj1 b we _c f9d any trace ( same4 #f4 ,we are 9 ! m>ket = two doz5 ,/&>d clo!s wr+]s1 & we %\ld be glad to receive y\r l[e/ price on same4 #g4 ,we h giv5 y cr$it = ?is am\nt & desire to ?ank y = y\r promptness 9 s5d+ same4 #h4 ,we h y\r lett] ( ,novemb] #f & ?ank y = same4 #i4 ,if y ?9k y c use ?is type ( ma*9e1 we %all be glad to s5d y same on t5 days' trial4 #aj4 ,we h decid$ to use y\r ma*9e if y w give u a satisfactory gu>antee z to /r5g?1 effici5cy1 & fre$om f leaks4 ,z soon z possible let u he> f y 9 reg>d to same4 ,ex]cise #hi--,n\ns & ,pron\ns ,incorrectly ,us$ ,wrong ,"r #a4 ,we saw lots ( curi\s ?+s4 ,we saw a numb] ( curi\s ?+s4 #b4 ,d y "k t p>ty8 ,d y "k t man8 #c4 ,i /ay$ at home ! balance ,i /ay$ at home ! re/ ( ( ! day4 ! day4 #d4 ,:at bus9ess h y to g8 ,:at "r h y to g8 #e4 ,! dress w be done 9 a ,! dress w be done 9 a c\ple ( days4 few days4 #f4 ,i'll walk a piece ) y4 ,i'll walk a %ort di/ance ) y4 #g4 ,did y get a raise 9 pay8 ,did y get an increase 9 pay8 #h4 ,i'll s5d y a po/al4 ,i'll s5d y a po/al c>d4 #i4 ,*ri/mas is /ill a long ways ,*ri/mas is /ill a long way (f4 (f4 #aj4 ,:at l9e ( bus9ess are y ,:at k9d ( bus9ess are y 9 n[8 9 n[8 #aa4 ,if y expect to op5 a groc]y1 ,if y expect to op5 a groc]y1 let me give y a little let me give y a little advice along t l9e4 advice on ! subject4 #ab4 ,h y any?+ new 9 ! ,h y any new neckwe>8 neckwe> l9e8 #ac4 ,i h a date ) ! d5ti/4 ,i h an appo9tm5t ) ! d5ti/4 #ad4 ,h y a date = ?is ev5+8 ,h y an engagem5t = ?is ev5+8 #ae4 ,he always does 8 "w 9 good ,he always does 8 "w well4 %ape4 #af4 ,t is a good write-up on ! ,t is a good article on ! t>iff4 t>iff4 #ag4 ,y\rself & fri5ds are invit$4 ,y & y\r fri5ds are invit$4 #ah4 ,don't !y h /reet c>s 9 ,are !re no /reet c>s 9 y\r t[n8 y\r t[n8 #ai4 ,x said 9 ?is morn+'s pap] ,?is morn+'s pap] said t t ! traffic m5 w\ld ! traffic m5 w\ld /rike4 /rike4 #bj4 ,! book :at he advis$ is n ,! book t he advis$ is fiction4 n fiction4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,adjective ,,& ,,! ,,adv]b ,,z a rule1 adv]bs pres5t m difficulty ?an d adjectives4 ,c>eless pupils frequ5tly use an adjective :5 an adv]b is necess>y2 z1 ,wrong3 ,he solv$ ! problem v quick4 ,"r3 ,he solv$ ! problem v quickly4 ,wrong3 ,?is is real good c&y4 ,"r3 ,?is is really 7or v7 good c&y4 ,until ! habit ( correct usage is =m$1 e s5t5ce mu/ be wat*$4 ,:5 a ^w modifies a v]b1 an adjective1 or an adv]b1 ano!r adv]b mu/ be us$1 & an adjective may n correctly be sub/itut$4 ,z a rule1 adv]bs express ! foll[+ ideas3 ,"t3 ,we arriv$ e>ly4 ,place3 ,we h be5 "h s9ce ,janu>y4 ,mann]3 ,he walk$ /eadily onw>d4 ,cause3 ,:y did y refuse ! (f]8 ,degree3 ,i am v mu* surpris$4 ,numb]3 ,i did x once n twice4 ,ass]tion3 ,d5ial3 ,i d n agree4 ,adv]b modify+ a v]b3 ,see h[ sl[ly ! man walks6 ,adv]b modify+ an adjective3 ,! wea!r has be5 extremely w>m4 ,adv]b modify+ an adv]b3 ,he dictates v rapidly4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t v]bs ( ! s5ses--ta/e1 feel1 look1 smell1 s\nd1 & ! l--are sometimes almo/ equal 9 mean+ to ! v]b be4 ,9 t case1 !y are foll[$ by adjectives & n by adv]bs2 z1 ,adjective3 ,he look$ angry4 ,adv]b3 ,he look$ angrily at u4 ,ex]cise #ij ,"n ! adjectives 9 ! foll[+ selection1 expla9+ ) :at n\n ea* belongs4 ,"n ! adv]bs1 expla9+ :at "p ( spee* ea* modifies4 ,s9ce #aijd ! numb] ( live cattle export$ f ?is c\ntry has be5 /eadily gr[+ small]4 ,exports ( dress$ beef h also %runk to su* insignificant proportions t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is no long] an important factor 9 ! =eign m>kets = beef4 ,(t5 has x be5 said t ! competition ( *eap ,arg5t9e beef has depriv$ u ( =eign m>kets4 ,x w\ld be m ne>ly true to say t =eign]s buy ! inf]ior article only because we _c supply !m ) all !y want ( ! be/ grade4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,engli%man's will+ness to pay consid]ably m = ,am]ican corn-f$ beef ?an = ,arg5t9e4 ,! rais+ ( cattle is important1 also1 f ! /&po9t ( ! lea!r bus9ess4 ,obvi\sly1 ) a #ba p] c5t increase 9 population 9 ea* decade1 _m m %oes are necess>y4 ,automobile & o!r indu/ries are mak+ con/antly increas+ dem&s = lea!r4 ,%oes _c become *eap] 9 ! face ( increas$ dem& & dim9i%$ supply4 ,too mu* dep5ds ^u ! cattle indu/ry = u to all[ x to wane4 ,ex]cise #ia ,:i* ( ! italiciz$ words %\ld y use 9 ! foll[+1 & :y8 #a4 ,:y d y walk s sl[--sl[ly8 #b4 ,speak l\d]--m l\dly4 #c4 ,i _c expla9 :y he spoke s g5tle--g5tly4 #d4 ,! automobile 0 go+ v swift--swiftly4 #e4 ,! well has be5 dug v deep--deeply4 #f4 ,he is n ne>--ne>ly s tall z y are4 #g4 ,are y cutt+ t ev5--ev5ly8 #h4 ,%e does p5 & ink sket*es beautiful--beautifully4 #i4 ,:y c't ,i gr[ quick]--m quickly8 #aj4 ,i feel bad--badly ?is morn+4 #aa4 ,c y d all ,i h ask$8 ,easy--easily4 #ab4 ,%e does h] "w good--well4 #ac4 ,%e does h] "w f9e--f9ely4 #ad4 ,i am real--v mu* surpris$ to see y4 #ae4 ,he became real--v angry4 #af4 ,i'm afraid x's n ne>--ne>ly big en\gh4 #ag4 ,%e works twice z quick--quickly z y d4 #ah4 ,he sure--surely is a good speak]4 ,he seems sure--surely ( himself4 #ai4 ,are y go+8 ,sure--surely8 #bj4 ,he says he is ne>--ne>ly />v$4 #ba4 ,he work$ /eady--/eadily all morn+4 ,! o!rs did n "w ne>--ne>ly s h>d4 #bb4 ,i am speak+ z s]i\s--s]i\sly z ,i c4 #bc4 ,! orange ta/es bitt]--bitt]ly4 #bd4 ,don't y ?9k he has be5 act+ que]--que]ly8 #be4 ,! coat is f9i%$ nice--nicely4 ,ex]cise #ib ,expla9 ! prop] position ( ! italiciz$ adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,rememb] t an adv]b mu/ /& z closely z possible to ! ^w t x modifies1 b rememb] also t an inf9itive1 al?\gh made up ( two p>ts1 is "o ^w & %\ld n be split by an adv]b4 #a4 ,i m]ely want ! ,milwaukee li/ ( cu/om]s4 #b4 ,y almo/ write l h]4 #c4 ,y\r writ+ is l h]s almo/4 #d4 ,i c n f9d "o ( ! pap]s ,i _h on ! desk4 #e4 ,he told me to c>efully add ! figures 9 ! column4 #f4 ,i expect to quickly f9i% my dictation4 #g4 ,i don't ev5 und]/& ! fir/ problem 9 ! lesson4 #h4 ,don't say y don't ev] expect to g to s*ool aga94 #i4 ,all ! /atem5ts are n on my desk4 #aj4 ,he promis$ to quickly settle ! matt]4 #aa4 ,i wi% y to cle>ly und]/& ! situation4 #ab4 ,i only h two m items to ent]4 #ac4 ,i only expect to take a %ort vacation ?is ye>4 #ad4 ,he only spoke ( two causes ( ! loss 9 trade4 #ae4 ,i only decid$ to take ! ,we/]n in/ead ( ! ,ea/]n trip at ! la/ mom5t4 ,ex]cise #ic--;,comp>ison ,adjectives are comp>$ s z to express diff]5t degrees ( quality4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison1 ! positive1 ! comp>ative1 & ! sup]lative4 ,:5 ! object modifi$ or describ$ by ! adjective is n comp>$ ) ano!r1 ! fir/ or positive degree is us$4 ,:5 two objects are comp>$1 ! second or comp>ative degree is us$ to d5ote m or less ( ! quality express$ by ! adjective4 ,:5 sev]al objects are comp>$1 ! sup]lative degree ( ! adjective is us$ to express ! highe/ or ! l[e/ possible degree ( ! adjective4 ,! usual me?od ( comp>+ an adjective is to add er to ! positive to =m ! comp>ative1 & e/ to =m ! sup]lative4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 especially = an adjective ( two or m syllables1 ! comp>ative is =m$ by prefix+ m or less to ! positive1 & ! sup]lative by prefix+ mo/ or lea/4 ,besides ! adjectives 9 ^! two classes !re are "s :i* d n foll[ any regul> me?od & mu/1 !re=e1 be wat*$ a little m closely4 ,! foll[+ table illu/rates ! diff]5t me?ods ( comp>ison3 ,positive ,comp>ative ,sup]lative bright bright] brighte/ dang]\s m dang]\s mo/ dang]\s beautiful m beautiful mo/ beautiful good bett] be/ bad worse wor/ ill worse wor/ ,be c>eful to avoid us+ a d\ble sign = ! comp>ative degree2 z1 ,wrong3 ,?is writ+ is m neat] ?an y\rs4 ,"s adv]bs are also comp>$2 z1 ,positive ,comp>ative ,sup]lative well bett] be/ quickly m quickly mo/ quickly ,"s adjectives & adv]bs _c be comp>$ because ! positive degree 9 itself expresses a complete or absolute mean+2 z1 absolute1-ly et]nal p]fect suffici5t circul> extreme p]p5dicul> supreme cont9ual faultless p]petual unanim\s dead full "r unique decisive impossible r\nd univ]sal empty incurable squ>e :ite ,comp>e ^? ( ! foll[+ adjectives t may be comp>$4 ,expla9 :y "s d n admit ( comp>ison4 great spotless exp5sive wise tall de> p>allel high desirable ea/ old new honorable e>ly exclusive blank ,ex]cise #id ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cise1 select ! correct "o ( ! two italiciz$ =ms4 ,rememb] t ! comp>ative degree is us$ 9 comp>+ two objects1 ! sup]lative 9 comp>+ ?ree or m4 #a4 ,i _h ?ree p5s4 ,i h lo/ ! bett]--be/ "o4 #b4 ,i h two cl]ks4 ,john is ! old]--olde/4 #c4 ,( ! two colors1 ,i ?9k ! tan is ! m--mo/ becom+ to y4 #d4 ,y are ! tall]--talle/ ( all ! boys4 #e4 ,( two pr(essions1 *oose ! m--mo/ honorable4 #f4 ,he is ! fa/]--fa/e/ workman 9 ! %op4 #g4 ,:i* ( y\r h&s is ! clean]--cleane/8 #h4 ,:i* d y l bett]--be/1 skat+ or sleigh+8 #i4 ,:i* ( y\r eyes has ! bett]--be/ vision8 #aj4 ,( all ! %ops1 %e likes ,leslie's bett]--be/4 #aa4 ,:i* is m--mo/ durable1 s]ge or broadclo?8 #ab4 ,:i* tree lives long]--longe/1 ! popl> or ! elm8 #ac4 ,:i* is ! be/--bett] policy1 hone/y or di%one/y8 #ad4 ,he is ! witti]--wittie/ "o 9 ! class4 #ae4 ,he is ! witti]--wittie/ boy 9 ! class4 ,!re is only "o boy 9 ! class besides him4 #af4 ,( our tw5ty salesm51 he is consid]$ bett]--be/ because he is quick]--quicke/ witt$ ?an any o!r4 #ag4 ,y %\ld n m5tion ! two m5 9 "o brea?4 ,! =m]--fir/ is fam\s & ! latt]--la/ infam\s4 #ah4 ,:i* ( y two d y ?9k des]ves m--mo/ praise8 #ai4 ,:i* ( y two des]ves less--lea/ praise8 #bj4 ,:i* ( y two c run ! fa/]--fa/e/8 ,ex]cise #ie ,rememb] t ! d\ble negative is wrong2 z1 ,wrong3 ,i hav5't no pap]4 ,"r3 ,i h no pap]4 ,correct any ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces t conta9 ?is mi/ake3 #a4 ,none ( !m didn't come4 #b4 ,i c\ldn't d ! problem nei!r4 #c4 ,?is pap] isn't v good1 ,i don't ?9k4 #d4 ,c\ldn't y f9d no bett] p58 #e4 ,i didn't *oose none ( !m4 #f4 ,i don't see no?+ to compla9 (4 #g4 ,he c\ldn't h>dly see across ! /reet4 #h4 ,we didn't f9d ! pap] n[h]e4 #i4 ,!y c't sc>cely believe ! report4 #aj4 ,%e c\ldn't /ay ) u only a few m9utes4 ,ex]cise #if--;,few]1 ,less ,few] ref]s to a small] numb] by c\nt+1 less ref]s to a small] quantity by measur+4 ,ins]t ! correct ^w3 #a4 ,y are mak+ ---- mi/akes ea* day4 #b4 ,i am hav+ ---- difficulty 9 writ+ %or?&4 #c4 ,!re are ---- h\ses on ?is /reet ?an ,i _h ?\ght4 #d4 ,! f>!r inl& we w5t ! ---- signs ( habitation we saw4 #e4 ,ea* ye> !re is ---- opportunity = an un$ucat$ man to rise4 #f4 ,ea* ye> !re are ---- opportunities = ! un$ucat$ man to rise4 ,mo/1 ,almo/ ,mo/ ref]s to quantity or numb]2 almo/ means n q4 ,ins]t ! correct ^w3 #g4 ---- p enjoy _! "w4 #h4 ,i h ---- f9i%$ ! c\rse 9 /5ography4 #i4 ---- ,european cities are beautiful4 #aj4 ---- all ,european cities are beautiful4 ,real1 ,v ,real is an adjective mean+ actual2 v is an adv]b ( degree4 ,ins]t ! correct ^w3 #aa4 ,i'm ---- glad to see y4 #ab4 ,is y\r comb ---- amb]8 #ac4 ,! m5 ( ! ,titanic 7 ---- h]oes4 #ad4 ,he is a ---- good soloi/4 #ae4 ,%e is ---- ent]ta9+ 9 conv]sation2 x 0 a ---- pleasure to meet h]4 ,ex]cise #ig--;,adjectives & ,adv]bs ,incorrectly ,us$ ,wrong ,"r #a4 ,i don't l ^? k9d ( p5s4 ,i don't l t k9d ( p5s4 #b4 ,:at sort ( a c\rse are y ,:at sort ( c\rse are y tak+8 tak+8 #c4 ,8 /atem5ts made me mad4 ,8 /atem5ts made me angry4 #d4 ,y\rs respectively4 ,y\rs respectfully4 7,consult a diction>y = ! correct use ( respectively7 #e4 ,d y want 98 ,d y want to come 98 #f4 ,g "s place ) me4 ,g some:]e ) me4 #g4 ,my fa!r is "s bett]4 ,my fa!r is some:at bett]4 #h4 ,he comes e once 9 a :ile4 ,he comes occasionally4 #i4 ,did y recognize ! girl :o ,did y recognize ! girl :o drove pa/8 drove by8 #aj4 ,! two are bo? alike4 ,! two are alike4 #aa4 ,he is liable to come any ,he is likely to come at any m9ute4 m9ute4 #ab4 ,t r+ has a funny design4 ,t r+ has an odd design4 #ac4 ,i'd soon] /ay at home4 ,i'd r /ay at home4 #ad4 ,are y mo/ ready8 ,are y almo/ ready8 #ae4 ,i'm k9d ( sleepy4 ,i'm r sleepy4 #af4 ,:at size hat d y we>8 ,:at siz$ hat d y we>8 #ag4 ,?is "h book is ! "o ,?is book is ! "o ,i wi%4 ,i wi%4 #ah4 ,he spoke angry l4 ,he spoke angrily4 #ai4 ,8 ideas are no good4 ,8 ideas are wor?less 7or n good74 #bj4 ,he seldom ev] makes a mi/ake4 ,he seldom 7h>dly ev]7 makes a mi/ake4 #ba4 ,i didn't "w any la/ night4 ,i didn't "w at all la/ night4 #bb4 ,i walk$ ?is f> ye/]day4 ,i walk$ z f> z ?is ye/]day4 #bc4 ,i want to see y badly4 ,i want to see y v mu*4 #bd4 ,he sells insurance on ! side4 ,9 addition to 8 o!r bus9ess he sells insurance4 #be4 ,don't talk out l\d4 ,don't talk al\d4 #bf4 ,%e is v disappo9t$4 ,%e is v mu* disappo9t$4 7,be=e a p]fect p>ticiple too or v may n be us$ )\t ! addition ( ! adv]b mu*7 #bg4 ,%e is a cute 7or cunn+7 ,%e is a pretty *ild4 *ild4 7,look up ! words cute & cunn+ 9 a diction>y7 #bh4 ,he 0 ly+ face d[n on ,he 0 ly+ face d[nw>d on ! grass4 ! grass4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,v]b ,,v]bs may be transitive or intransitive4 ,a v]b is transitive :5 x ne$s an object to complete its mean+2 t is1 :5 ! action passes ov] 7,lat91 transire1 to pass ov]7 f ! subject or do] to ! object or receiv]2 z1 ,he hit ! ball4 ,a v]b is intransitive :5 x ne$s no object to complete its mean+2 z1 ,! cr[d *e]$4 ,"s intransitive v]bs require a pr$icate n\n or pron\n 9 ! nom9ative case1 or an adjective1 to complete _! mean+4 ,!y are ! v]bs be1 become1 appe>1 seem1 feel1 ta/e1 look1 smell2 z1 ,adjective3 ,! b]ries ta/e s\r4 ,n\n3 ,john is my bro!r4 ,pron\n3 ,x is ,i4 ,su* v]bs are sometimes call$ copulatives4 ,ex]cise #ih ,tell :e!r ea* v]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces is transitive or intransitive & :e!r x is foll[$ by a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective case or by a complem5t>y adjective4 #a4 ,primitive p h left traces ( v e>ly comm]cial relations4 #b4 ,explor]s visit$ ! ,ohio valley & f\nd articles ( remote manufacture4 #c4 ,*ecks & drafts are great conv5i5ces to ! bus9ess man4 #d4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt made a decision t labor unions are puni%able "u tru/ p5alties4 #e4 ,a labor union is diff]5t f a tru/4 #f4 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ! labor lead]4 #g4 ,:at is y\r op9ion8 #h4 ,! total value ( m]*&ise s5t to ,lat9-,am]ica f ! ,unit$ ,/ates exce$s t suppli$ by any o!r s+le c\ntry4 ,write ?ree s5t5ces illu/rat+ transitive v]bs4 ,write ?ree s5t5ces illu/rat+ intransitive v]bs4 ,write ?ree s5t5ces illu/rat+ copulative v]bs4 ,ex]cise #ii--,voice ,voice is t prop]ty ( ! v]b t %[s :e!r ! subject acts or is act$ ^u4 ,if ! subject acts1 ! v]b is 9 ! active voice4 ,if ! subject is act$ ^u1 ! v]b is 9 ! passive voice4 ,e s5t5ce conta9+ a transitive v]b mu/ h ! foll[+ p>ts3 ,ag5t7do]7 ,action ,receiv] ,! runaway horse injur$ ,john4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce is 9 ! ord] %[n above1 ! subject is ! ag5t1 & ! v]b expresses ! action ( ! ag5t4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce is writt5 9 ?is ord]1 ! v]b is said to be 9 ! active voice4 ,h[ev]1 )\t *ang+ ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce1 we may *ange ! ord] ( ! ideas2 ?us1 ,receiv] ,action ,ag5t ,john 0 injur$ by ! runaway horse4 ,! receiv] ( ! action has become ! subject1 & ! ag5t has become "p ( ! pr$icate1 be+ express$ 9 ! phrase by ! runaway horse4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce is express$ 9 ?is ord]1 ! subject receiv+ or suff]+ ! action1 ! v]b is said to be 9 ! passive voice4 ,only transitive v]bs1 !re=e1 may be *ang$ to ! passive voice4 ,,note4--,!re are c]ta9 intransitive v]bs t sometimes h a preposition s closely connect$ ) !m t ! two are treat$ almo/ l a transitive v]b1 & may be made passive2 z1 ,active3 ,! audi5ce laugh$ at ! speak]4 ,passive3 ,! speak] 0 laugh$ at by ! audi5ce4 ,write five s5t5ces 9 ! active voice4 ,*ange !m to ! passive voice4 ,9 ! s5t5ces t y h writt51 is ! active =m ( ! v]b or ! passive =m bett]8 ,:i* is m direct 9 its word+8 ,:i*1 !n1 is ! bett] =m to use regul>ly8 ,ex]cise #ajj--,numb] & ,p]son ,! numb] ( ! v]b is decid$ by ! numb] ( ! subject4 ,if ! subject is a s+ul> n\n1 or a pron\n t /&s = a s+ul> n\n1 x requires a s+ul> v]b2 if ! subject is plural1 x requires a plural v]b4 ,z a rule1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! s+ul> & ! plural =ms ( ! v]b except 9 ! =m = ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 z1 ,i say ,we say ,y say ,y say ,he says ,!y say ,b z ! ?ird p]son ( ! v]b is ! "o mo/ (t5 us$1 x mu/ be c>efully not$4 ,! foll[+ subjects ( v]bs are s+ul> & require a s+ul> v]b to accompany !m3 #a4 ,a collective n\n t d5otes a gr\p ( objects act+ z "o ?+2 z1 ,! cr[d is scatt]+4 #b4 ,a gr\p ( words :i*1 l a collective n\n1 is plural 9 =m b s+ul> 9 mean+2 z1 ,?irty doll>s is :at ,i paid = ! r+4 #c4 ,a s+ul> n\n modifi$ by e1 ea*1 "o1 no1 _m a2 or ! pron\ns ea*1 ev]ybody1 ei!r1 nei!r1 & none :5 x means n "o2 z1 ,ea* ( u has 8 lesson4 ,_m an opportunity has be5 wa/$4 ,ev]ybody is "h n[4 #d4 ,s+ul>#a n\ns or pron\ns jo9$ by or1 ei!r--or1 nei!r--nor2 z1 ,ei!r ,john or 8 fa!r is com+4 #e4 ,two n\ns jo9$ by &1 d5ot+ "o p]son or ?+2 z1 ,! bookkeep] & /5ograph] is an exp]t4 ,,note4--,if two p]sons are meant1 ! article %\ld be repeat$ be=e ! second n\n4 ,! foll[+ subjects ( v]bs are plural & require plural v]bs3 #a4 ,a collective n\n d5ot+ plurality2 t is1 ref]r+ to ! individuals t compose ! gr\p2 z1 ,! class are all /udi\s4 #b4 ,a comp\nd subject jo9$ by &1 :5 ! objects jo9$ are diff]5t2 z1 ,! door & ! w9d[ are bo? op54 #c4 ,! pron\n y1 ?\gh x may d5ote only "o p]son2 z1 ,"r3 ,y 7 "r4 ,wrong3 ,y 0 "r4 ,ex]cise #aja ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 decide :i* ( ! italiciz$ =ms is correct4 ,give ! reason = y\r *oice4 #a4 ,two doll>s is--are too mu* = y to pay4 #b4 ,bread & butt] is--are :at ,i pref] to eat4 #c4 ,bread & butt] is--are bo? sold "h4 #d4 ,8 op9ion & m9e is--are diff]5t4 #e4 ,! majority ( ! class is--are pres5t4 #f4 ,! class is--are dismiss$4 #g4 ,! congregation is--are ask$ to rema9 a few m9utes aft] ! close ( ! s]vice4 #h4 ,! community is--are rapidly *ang+4 #i4 ,a few ( ! books 0--7 giv5 to me4 #aj4 ,!re 0--7 =ty p pres5t4 #aa4 ,! secret>y & treasur] 0--7 ask$ to read 8--_! report4 #ab4 ,"o-?ird ( ! (fice 0--7 late ?is morn+ because ! c>s 7 n runn+4 #ac4 ,he don't--doesn't und]/& :at ,i mean4 #ad4 ,if ! quality & ! price is--are "r1 buy4 #ae4 ,!re come--comes a cr[d ( p4 #af4 ,! libr>y ) its ?\s&s ( books 0--7 de/roy$ by fire4 #ag4 ,!re don't--doesn't seem to be mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! two4 #ah4 ,! :ole sy/em ( fil+ & index+ is--are wrong4 #ai4 ,safety z well z success is--are at /ake4 #bj4 ,! /ate ( public affairs calls--call = quick action4 #ba4 ,_m a man has--h neglect$ gold5 opportunities4 #bb4 ,_m m5 has--h neglect$ gold5 opportunities4 #bc4 ,! committee has--h giv5 its--_! report4 #bd4 ,our team 0--7 beat54 #be4 ,"o ( u surely is--are mi/ak54 #bf4 ,e "o 0--7 happy :5 ,tom 0 elect$ presid5t4 #bg4 ,tom & ,james is--are go+ skat+4 #bh4 ,tom ) 8 bro!r ,james is--are go+ skat+4 #bi4 ,! only ?+ ,i h n prep>$ = d9n] is--are ! potatoes4 #cj4 ,fifty feet ( sidewalk 0--7 laid to-day4 #ca4 ,none ( ! boys is--are /udy+ /5ography4 #cb4 ,nei!r ,tom nor 8 bro!r is--are /udy+ /5ography4 #cc4 ,bo? ,tom & 8 bro!r is--are /5ograph]s4 #cd4 ,e "o is--are int]e/$ 9 ! co/ ( liv+4 ,9 ! la/ s5t5ce above sub/itute "o ( ! foll[+ = e "o1 us+ ! correct =m ( ! v]b ) ea*3 ea* ( u2 ev]ybody2 all ( u2 sev]al p2 bo? ( ! m52 nei!r ( ! m52 nei!r ,m>y nor ,john2 ,m>y & ,john2 our club2 our class2 ! nation2 n only ,europe b ,am]ica2 ,europe z well z ,am]ica2 ! nation z well z sev]al ( ! l>g] cities ,ex]cise #ajb--,t5se ,! t5se ( ! v]b indicates ! "t ( ! action4 ,!re are ?ree prim>y t5ses1 indicat+ action 9 ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! future4 ,ea* ( ^! t5ses has also a p]fect t5se1 :i*1 repres5ts ! action z be+ p]fect or complete 9 ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! future4 ,! pres5t t5se is ! simple/ =m4 ,x d5otes t ! action takes place n[2 z1 ,i write ,we write ,y write ,y write ,he writes ,!y write ,to be m exact1 we may indicate t ! action is cont9u+ 9 ! pres5t "t1 & !n we say1 ,i am writ+ ,we are writ+ ,y are writ+ ,y are writ+ ,he is writ+ ,!y are writ+ ,?is is call$ ! pres5t progressive t5se4 ,x may be t y wi% to be emphatic1 & y say1 ,i d write ,we d write ,y d write ,y d write ,he does write ,!y d write ,?is is call$ ! emphatic pres5t t5se4 ,! pa/ t5se indicates t ! action took place 9 pa/ "t2 z1 ,i wrote ,we wrote ,y wrote ,y wrote ,he wrote ,!y wrote or1 ! pa/ progressive2 z1 ,i 0 writ+ ,we 7 writ+ ,y 7 writ+ ,y 7 writ+ ,he 0 writ+ ,!y 7 writ+ or1 ! pa/ emphatic2 z1 ,i did write ,we did write ,y did write ,y did write ,he did write ,!y did write ,! emphatic =m is us$ only 9 ! pres5t & ! pa/ t5ses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! future t5se d5otes t ! action w take place at "s future "t4 ,x is =m$ by us+ %all or w ) ! simple/ =m ( ! v]b2 z1 ,i %all write ,we %all write ,y w write ,y w write ,he w write ,!y w write ,! progressive =m is n common4 ,x is ,i %all be writ+ ,we %all be writ+ ,y w be writ+ ,y w be writ+ ,he w be writ+ ,!y w be writ+ ,! ?ree p]fect t5ses are =m$ by us+ ! v]b h ) ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b4 ,! pres5t p]fect t5se d5otes t ! action is complete at ! pres5t "t4 ,x is =m$ by ! pres5t t5se ( h & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b2 z1 ,i h writt5 ,we h writt5 ,y h writt5 ,y h writt5 ,he has writt5 ,!y h writt5 ,! progressive =m is1 ,i h be5 writ+ ,we h be5 writ+ ,y h be5 writ+ ,y h be5 writ+ ,he has be5 writ+ ,!y h be5 writ+ ,! pa/ p]fect d5otes t ! action 0 complet$ 9 pa/ "t4 ,x is =m$ by us+ ! pa/ t5se ( h & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b2 z1 ,i _h writt5 ,we _h writt5 ,y _h writt5 ,y _h writt5 ,he _h writt5 ,!y _h writt5 ,! progressive =m is1 ,i _h be5 writ+ ,we _h be5 writ+ ,y _h be5 writ+ ,y _h be5 writ+ ,he _h be5 writ+ ,!y _h be5 writ+ ,! future p]fect t5se d5otes t ! action w be complet$ at "s future "t4 ,x is =m$ by ! future ( h & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b2 z1 ,i %all h writt5 ,we %all h writt5 ,y w h writt5 ,y w h writt5 ,he w h writt5 ,!y w h writt5 ,! progressive =m is r>ely us$4 ,x is ,i %all h be5 writ+ ,we %all h be5 writ+ ,y w h be5 writ+ ,y w h be5 writ+ ,he w h be5 writ+ ,!y w h be5 writ+ ,giv+ all =ms s+ul> & plural1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird p]sons ( ea* t5se con/itutes ! conjugation ( a v]b4 ,giv+ "o p]son 9 ea* t5se con/itutes ! synopsis ( ! conjugation4 ,! foll[+ is a synopsis ( all ! t5ses ( ! active voice 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> numb] ( ! v]b write3 ,,active ,,voice ,i write 7simple =m7 ,pres5t ,i am writ+ 7progressive =m7 ,i d write 7emphatic =m7 ,prim>y ,i wrote 7simple7 ,pa/ ,i 0 writ+ 7progressive7 ,i did write 7emphatic7 ,i %all write 7simple7 ,future ,i %all be writ+ 7progressive7 ,,t5se ,i h writt5 7simple7 ,pres5t ,p]fect,i h be5 writ+ 7progressive7 ,p]fect ,i _h writt5 7simple7 or ,pa/ ,p]fect ,i _h be5 writ+ 7progressive7 ,second>y ,i %all h writt5 7simple7 ,future ,p]fect ,i %all h be5 writ+ 7progressive7 ,ex]cise #ajc ,conjugate ! foll[+ 9 ! active voice3 #a4 ,simple pa/ t5se ( walk4 #b4 ,pres5t progressive t5se ( walk4 #c4 ,pres5t p]fect ( drive4 7,see ,ex]cise #ajh = ! pr9cipal p>ts47 #d4 ,pres5t p]fect progressive ( drive4 #e4 ,future progressive ( ride4 #f4 ,pa/ ( ride4 #g4 ,pres5t progressive ( ride4 #h4 ,pa/ emphatic ( ride4 #i4 ,pa/ p]fect ( ride4 #aj4 ,pres5t p]fect progressive ( ride4 ,give a synopsis ( ! progressive t5ses ( beg91 us+ he z ! subject4 ,ex]cise #ajd--,%all & ,w ,! auxili>y v]bs us$ to =m ! future t5ses are %all & w4 ,! two mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ because !y d5ote diff]5t ideas1 accord+ to ! p]son ) :i* !y are us$4 ,! rule is1 to express simple future "t1 use %all 9 ! fir/ p]son1 w 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons4 ,! future t5se ( ! v]b walk is conjugat$ z foll[s3 ,i %all walk ,we %all walk ,y w walk ,y w walk ,he w walk ,!y w walk ,?is is ! =m to use :5 y expect ! action to take place naturally4 ,on ! o!r h&1 in/ead ( lett+ ?+s take _! natural c\rse z !y d 9 ! simple future1 y may =ce !m to take place4 ,y may1 = example1 be det]m9$ to walk1 or det]m9$ to make "s "o else walk4 ,9 t case ! use is rev]s$2 z1 ,i w walk ,we w walk ,y %all walk ,y %all walk ,he %all walk ,!y %all walk ,?is =m is us$ :5ev] ! speak] has au?ority to br+ ab\t ! action indicat$ by ! v]b4 ,9 que/ions ( ! fir/ p]son always use %all4 ,9 que/ions ( ! second & ?ird p]sons use ! same =m t y expect 9 ! answ]2 z1 ,%all y be at home to-morr[8 ,i %all4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ins]t %all or w1 giv+ ! reason = y\r *oice3 #a4 ,i ---- f9i% ! "w by ?ree o'clock1 ,i ?9k4 #b4 ,to-morr[ he ---- feel sorry = ?is2 ,i v[ x4 #c4 ,i am sorry1 b ,i ---- n be able to f9i% ! "w be=e next week4 #d4 ---- y f9i% y\r bus9ess c\rse 9 ,febru>y or 9 ,june8 ,i ---- f9i% 9 ,june1 ,i ?9k4 #e4 ---- he f9i% 9 ,febru>y8 ,no1 he ---- f9i% 9 ,june4 #f4 ,! =eman decl>es he ---- n h ano!r *ance4 #g4 ,he ---- see 8 mi/ake :5 x is too late4 #h4 ,!y ---- surely be at ! /ation to meet me4 #i4 ,i'm afraid y ---- be kick$ if y g ne> t horse4 #aj4 ,if he doesn't take ! exam9ation1 he ---- fail4 #aa4 ,i am det]m9$ t ,i ---- w94 #ab4 ,i ---- sail probably on ! fifte5?4 #ac4 ,he ---- be tw5ty-"o to-morr[4 #ad4 ,i ---- g 9 spite ( him4 #ae4 ---- y g by tra91 d y ?9k8 #af4 ,i ---- be greatly oblig$ if y ---- s5d ! book at once4 #ag4 ,i promise y ,john ---- "k 8 lesson to-morr[4 #ah4 ---- y be at home ?is ev5+8 #ai4 ---- ! tra9 be on "t8 #bj4 ---- ! /ore be op5 ?is ev5+8 ,conjugate ! future & future p]fect t5ses ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 drive see g run sweep ride *oose s+ eat sell ,ex]cise #aje--,%\ld & ,w\ld ,%\ld & w\ld are ! pa/ t5ses ( %all & w &1 9 g5]al1 express ! same ideas z d %all & w1 except t %\ld sometimes means ought2 z1 ,y %\ld n speak 9 t way4 ,w\ld1 also1 sometimes indicates an action t occurs frequ5tly2 z1 ,%e w\ld (t5 sit at ! w9d[ all ! morn+4 ,! use ( %\ld & w\ld 9 indirect /atem5ts & que/ions is sometimes puzzl+4 ,fir/ ( all1 decide :e!r %all or w w\ld be us$ 9 ! direct =m ( ! s5t5ce4 ,if ! direct =m uses %all1 use %\ld 9 ! indirect2 if ! direct uses w1 use w\ld 9 ! indirect2 z1 ,direct3 ,! m>ket w improve4 ,indirect3 ,he said t ! m>ket w\ld improve4 ,9 conditional clauses 7if71 use %\ld = all p]sons4 ,ins]t %\ld or w\ld4 #a4 ,if ,i knew 8 address1 ,i ---- s5d him a telegram4 #b4 ,he promis$ t he ---- n make ! mi/ake aga94 7,! direct =m w\ld read1 ,i w n ---- 7 #c4 ,i promis$ t ,i ---- n make ! mi/ake aga94 #d4 ,y promis$ t y ---- n make ! mi/ake aga94 #e4 ,d y ?9k t ,i ---- g8 #f4 ,i ---- if ,i 7 y4 #g4 ,i ---- ?9k he ---- "k bett] ?an to apply = t position4 #h4 ,john said t1 no matt] :at we ?\ght1 he ---- n g4 #i4 ,if y ---- decide to accept ! (f]1 let me "k at once4 #aj4 ,i am sorry he did t4 ,he ---- n1 ( c\rse4 #aa4 ,if ,i ---- see him1 ,i'd let him "k4 #ab4 ,if he ---- come dur+ my abs5ce1 ask him to wait4 #ac4 ,i ---- ?9k y w\ld be m c>eful4 #ad4 ,let me "k if y ---- n be able to come4 ,ex]cise #ajf ,*ange ! italiciz$ v]bs to pa/ t5se1 future1 pres5t p]fect1 pa/ p]fect1 future p]fect4 ,:]ev] necess>y1 add suffici5t to make ! mean+ ( ! t5se cle>2 z1 ,pres5t3 ,! manag] is n[ 9 8 (fice4 ,pa/3 ,! manag] 0 9 8 (fice a few m9utes ago4 ,future3 ,! manag] w be 9 8 (fice to-morr[ at t5 o'clock4 ,pres5t ,p]fect3 ,! manag] has be5 9 8 (fice all ! morn+4 7,x is /ill morn+47 ,pa/ ,p]fect3 ,! manag] _h be5 9 8 (fice only a few mom5ts :5 ! presid5t arriv$4 ,future ,p]fect3 ,9 ab\t five m9utes ! manag] w h be5 9 ! presid5t's (fice exactly ?ree h\rs4 #a4 ,! ca%i] op5s ! safe 9 ! morn+4 #b4 ,! me*anic e>ns good wages4 #c4 ,! buy] leaves to-night4 #d4 ,! bookkeep] makes out ! /atem5ts4 #e4 ,! correspond5t writes ! booklets4 #f4 ,! adv]tis+ manag] approves ! copy4 #g4 ,! add+ ma*9e is brok54 #h4 ,! *ief cl]k att5ds to ! incom+ mail4 #i4 ,! sup]9t5d5t visits ! factory e day4 #aj4 ,! salesman is sell+ five ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( goods a week4 ,ex]cise #ajg ,! pres5t t5se is us$ to indicate g5]al tru?s--?+s true 9 pa/ "t & /ill true4 ,omit ! incorrect =m 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,:at did y say is--0 ! mean+ ( ! t]m bona fide8 #b4 ,:at 0--is ! "n ( t book t y enjoy$ s mu*8 #c4 ,didn't y "k t ! lion is--0 call$ ! k+ ( bea/s8 #d4 ,!y told me t ! legal rate ( int]e/ at pres5t is-0 six p] c5t4 #e4 ,h y ev] he>d him try to prove t black is--0 :ite8 #f4 ,:at is--0 ! "n ( ! bank] :o lectur$ to u ye/]day8 #g4 ,i nev] c\ld rememb] :at ! important products ( my c\nty are--74 #h4 ,! advocate ( ,equal ,suffrage argu$ t mo!rs ne$--ne$$ ! ballot to protect _! *ildr54 #i4 ,%e said t a democracy is--0 a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 & = ! p1 & t wom5 are-7 p z well z m54 #aj4 ,! speak] ass]t$ t ?is c\ntry ne$s--ne$$ a t>iff to protect home indu/ries4 ,ex]cise #ajh--,pr9cipal ,p>ts ,no "o c be c]ta9 ( us+ ! correct =m ( a v]b unless he kn[s ! pr9cipal p>ts4 ,"s v]bs are regul>2 t is1 !y =m _! pa/ t5se & _! p]fect p>ticiple by add+ ed to ! pres5t t5se2 z1 ,pres5t ,pa/ ,p]fect ,p>ticiple walk walk$ walk$ ,"s v]bs1 h[ev]1 are v irregul>1 hav+ a diff]5t =m = ea* ( ! pr9cipal p>ts4 ,a li/ ( su* v]bs foll[s3 ,pres5t ,pa/ ,p]fect ,p>ticiple arise arose aris5 awake awoke or awak$ awak$ be 0 be5 be> 7c>ry7 bore borne beat beat beat5 become became become beg9 began begun bid bade bidd5 bite bit bitt5 bl[ blew bl[n break broke brok5 *oose *ose *os5 come came come d did done draw drew drawn dr9k drank drunk drive drove driv5 eat ate eat5 fall fell fall5 fly flew fl[n =bid =bade =bidd5 =sake =sook =sak5 freeze froze froz5 give gave giv5 g w5t gone gr[ grew gr[n hide hid hidd5 "k knew kn[n lie 7to re/7 lay la9 ride rode ridd5 r+ rang rung rise rose ris5 run ran run see saw se5 %ake %ook %ak5 %[ %[$ %[n %r9k %rank %runk s+ sang sung slay slew sla9 slide slid slidd5 s[ s[$ s[n speak spoke spok5 spr+ sprang sprung /eal /ole /ol5 /rive /rove /riv5 swe> swore sworn swell swell$ swell$1 swoll5 swim swam swum take took tak5 te> tore torn ?r[ ?rew ?r[n we> wore worn weave wove wov5 write wrote writt5 ,ex]cise #aji ,"s v]bs1 ?\gh irregul>ly =m$1 h ! pa/ t5se & p]fect p>ticiple alike4 ,a li/ ( su* v]bs foll[s3 ,pres5t ,pa/ ,p]fect ,p>ticiple b5d b5t b5t behold beheld beheld besee* bes\ght bes\ght b9d b\nd b\nd ble$ bl$ bl$ bless bless$1 ble/ bless$1 ble/ br+ br\ght br\ght build built built burn burn$1 burnt burn$1 burnt buy b\ght b\ght cat* caught caught cl+ clung clung clo! clo!d1 clad clo!d1 clad creep crept crept deal dealt dealt dig dug dug dream dream$1 dreamt dream$1 dreamt dwell dwelt dwelt flee fl$ fl$ gr9d gr\nd gr\nd hang hung1 hang$ hung1 hang$ h _h _h he> he>d he>d hold held held kneel knelt knelt lay laid laid lead l$ l$ leap leapt leapt l5d l5t l5t pay paid paid say said said %9e %one %one sit sat sat sleep slept slept sl+ slung slung spe$ sp$ sp$ sp9 spun spun /& /ood /ood /+ /ung /ung /rike /ruck /ruck /r+ /rung /rung sweep swept swept sw+ swung swung tea* taught taught ?9k ?\ght ?\ght weep wept wept w9 won won w9d w\nd w\nd wr+ wrung wrung ,ex]cise #aaj ,"s v]bs h all ?ree =ms alike4 ,a li/ ( su* foll[s3 ,pres5t ,pa/ ,p]fect ,p>ticiple bet bet bet bur/ bur/ bur/ ca/ ca/ ca/ co/ co/ co/ cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt knit knit knit let let let put put put rid rid rid set set set %$ %$ %$ spread spread spread sweat sweat sweat wet wet wet ,,footnote3 #a ,if "o ( ! words s jo9$ is plural1 ! v]b %\ld be plural4 ,ex]cise #aaa ,*oose ! correct =m ( ! italiciz$ words bel[1 & give ! reason = y\r *oice4 #a4 ,if x don't--doesn't fit y1 we %all alt] x4 #b4 ,i knew--kn[$ ,i 0 "r4 #c4 ,ar5't--a9't y glad we came8 #d4 ,a9't--isn't he well8 #e4 ,we done--did ! "r ?+4 #f4 ,let--leave ! book on ! table4 #g4 ,let--leave me d z ,i plann$4 #h4 ,m>y has broke--brok5 h] arm4 #i4 ,my "m has gone--w5t to ,bo/on4 #aj4 ,:]e 0--7 y ye/]day8 #aa4 ,:5 ! d9n] bell rang--rung1 we all come--came runn+ 94 #ab4 ,he don't--doesn't "k :at y said4 #ac4 ,to :at hospital h !y tak5--took him8 #ad4 ,i saw--se5 him a few m9utes ago4 #ae4 ,i saw--se5 him ye/]day4 #af4 ,i %\ld h--( br\ght my book4 #ag4 ,my w9t] coat is wore--worn out4 #ah4 ,h y ev] rode--ridd5 9 an a]oplane8 #ai4 ,i h %[n--%[$ y all ! /yles ,i h4 #bj4 ,don't--doesn't x seem odd t he don't--doesn't come8 #ba4 ,%e don't--doesn't rememb] y4 #bb4 ,we began--begun ! "w ye/]day4 #bc4 ,i'm afraid my foot is froze--froz54 #bd4 ,we ran--run all ! way4 #be4 ,i've %ook--%ak5 him ?ree times1 b he don't--doesn't awake4 #bf4 ,! bell rang--rung j be=e y ent]$4 #bg4 ,%e sang--sung v well4 #bh4 ,he swam--swum all ye/]day morn+4 #bi4 ,:y don't--doesn't "s "o tell ,john t 8 coat is tore--torn8 #cj4 ,don't--doesn't "m "k t ! vase is broke--brok58 ,ex]cise #aab--,tr\blesome ,v]bs ,lie1 ,lay ,lie is intransitive2 lay is transitive4 ,lie signifies to re/2 lay1 to place4 ,ins]t ! correct =m 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,he told me to ---- ! book on ! table4 ,x ---- !re n[4 #b4 ,i ---- all day wait+ = help to arrive4 #c4 ,:]e did y ---- ! purse8 #d4 ,i ---- x on y\r desk4 #e4 ,i h ---- ! lett]s on y\r desk4 #f4 ,!y told me to ---- d[n4 ,i ---- d[n = ab\t two h\rs4 #g4 ,z ,i wi%$ to blea* ! clo!s1 ,i ---- !m on ! grass4 #h4 ---- ! bundle d[n & li/5 to me4 #i4 ,y w probably f9d y\r cap ----+ :]e x has ----s9ce y dropp$ x4 #aj4 ,!y let ! field ---- fall[4 #aa4 ,h[ long has x ---- fall[8 #ab4 ,ye/]day he ---- on ! grass almo/ all day4 #ac4 ,! hunt] ---- /ill & wat*$4 #ad4 ,he ---- 8 gun beside him & wait$4 #ae4 ,x w ---- undi/urb$ till morn+4 #af4 ---- d[n a:ile be=e d9n]4 #ag4 ,i don't "k h[ long he has ---- "h4 #ah4 ,he let 8 tools ---- 9 ! ra94 ,ex]cise #aac--,tr\blesome ,v]bs ,sit1 ,set ,sit is intransitive & signifies to re/4 ,set is transitive & means to place4 ,ins]t ! correct =m3 #a4 ,i h ---- ! f]ns 9 ! ra94 #b4 ---- d[n = a few m9utes4 #c4 ,%e drew up a *air & ---- d[n1 :ile we 7 ----t+ d[n ! probable exp5ses ( ! new h\se4 #d4 ,:y don't y ---- u a good example8 #e4 ----t+ ! table is n /r5u\s en\gh = "o :o has be5 ----t+ all day4 #f4 ,! h5 is ----t+ on h] eggs4 #g4 ,! man is ----t+ out trees4 #h4 ---- /ill2 ,i'll g4 ,fly1 ,fl[1 ,flee ,rememb] t birds fly2 riv]s fl[2 hunt$ creatures flee4 #i4 ,/ill ! riv] ---- on its accu/om$ c\rse4 #aj4 ,e autumn ! birds ---- s\?4 #aa4 ,! birds h n yet ---- away4 #ab4 ,! de] ---- be=e ! dogs4 ,rise1 ,raise ,rise is intransitive2 raise is transitive4 #ac4 ,i h be5 try+ all morn+ to ---- ?is w9d[4 #ad4 ,i set ! bread to ----4 #ae4 ,he w surely ---- 9 8 pr(ession4 ,tea*1 ,le>n #af4 ,w y ---- me h[ to play t5nis8 #ag4 ,i ?\ght y _h ---- h[ to play t5nis4 #ah4 ,i ---- 7pa/ t5se7 h] ! new sy/em ( fil+4 ,may1 ,c ,may signifies p]mission2 c d5otes possibility4 #ai4 ---- ,i use y\r book8 #bj4 ---- y write %or?&8 #ba4 ---- ,i g ) y8 #bb4 ,my "m says t ,i ---- g ) y4 ,might1 ,c\ld ,might is ! pa/ t5se ( may1 & c\ld is ! pa/ t5se ( c4 #bc4 ,he said t ,i ---- g4 #bd4 ,he ---- d ! "w if he wi%$4 #be4 ,did y say ,i ---- use y\r typewrit]8 ,ex]cise #aad--;,accept1 ,except ,accept means to receive4 ,except z a v]b means to exclude2 z a preposition x means ) ! exception (4 ,ins]t ! correct =m 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,did y ---- ! position8 ,yes1 no "o appli$ = x ---- me4 #b4 ,i h no o!r reason = n ----+ y\r invitation ---- t ,i %all n be 9 ! city4 #c4 ---- ,m>y all ----ed ! invitation4 #d4 ,he w\ld n ---- ! money ---- on "o condition4 #e4 ,:y d y ---- him f ! g5]al (f] t y are mak+8 #f4 ,i agree ) y ---- on "o po9t4 #g4 ,he ----ed ! rebuke 9 sil5ce4 #h4 ,we 7 =c$ to ---- _! conditions4 #i4 ,he said he w\ld n ---- ! money ---- t he knew he c\ld return x4 #aj4 ,y h answ]$ ev]y?+ ---- :at ,i ask$ y4 ,ex]cise #aae--;,affect1 ,effect ,affect means to influ5ce4 ,x is always a v]b4 ,effect z a v]b means to br+ to pass2 z a n\n x means result4 ,ins]t ! correct =m 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,8 op9ion does n ---- ! case4 #b4 ,h[ does w> ---- trade8 #c4 ,8 walk+ has _h a good ---- ^u 8 heal?4 #d4 ,! rul+ did n ---- ! :olesale deal]s1 b x _h a big ---- ^u u4 #e4 ,:at ---- did ! loss h ^u him8 #f4 ,! failure ( ! bank ----ed ! small depositors b _h no ---- ^u ! big bus9ess m54 #g4 ,! ---- ( ! law has be5 />tl+ because ( ! numb] ( p ----ed by x4 #h4 ,!y ----ed ! consolidation1 b !reby produc$ a bad ---- ^u ! price ( _! /ock4 #i4 ,! accid5t s]i\sly ----ed 8 n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 fact1 ! ---- ( ! fall is only gradually disappe>+4 #aj4 ,did ! celebrat$ physician really ---- a cure8 ,ex]cise #aaf--,lose1 ,loose ,lose is a v]b1 :ile loose is usually an adjective4 ,! two %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$4 ,ins]t ! correct =m3 #a4 ,i h a note book ) ---- leaves4 #b4 ,ar5't y afraid y w ---- "s ( ! ---- leaves ( t book8 #c4 ,be c>eful t y don't ---- t ---- bolt4 #d4 ,d y rememb] t y _h w>n$ me t ,i'd ---- ! ---- button on my coat8 ,i did ---- x n five m9utes aft]w>d4 #e4 ,"o ( ! h+es ( ! door has become ----4 #f4 ,d n ---- ! ---- *ange 9 t pocket4 #g4 ,he w ---- ! p>cel z ! cord is ----4 #h4 ,did y ---- ! ---- leaf j\rnal8 #i4 ,%e may ---- ! money1 z ! clasp ( h] purse is ----4 #aj4 ,i keep my ---- j\rnal pap] toge!r by a rubb] b& s t !re w be no *ance ( ----+ x4 ,ex]cise #aag--;,_h ought ,wrong3 ,we _h ought to g4 ,"r3 ,we ought to g4 ,wrong3 ,we _h ought to h gone4 ,"r3 ,we ought to h gone4 ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i _h ought to h /udi$ h>d]4 #b4 ,y ought to d x1 hadn't y8 #c4 ,hadn't y ought to h gone8 #d4 ,yes1 ,i _h ought to h gone ye/]day4 #e4 ,d y ?9k ,i _h ought to h accept$8 #f4 ,he _h ought to come to-morr[4 #g4 ,! tickets _h ought to h come f ! pr9t]'s ye/]day4 #h4 ,we _h n ought to /ay out s late4 #i4 ,y _h ought to we> y\r coat4 #aj4 ,he _h ought to h become naturaliz$4 #aa4 ,y _h ought to h wa%$ ! di%es be=e y w5t out4 #ab4 ,y _h ought to take an umbrella4 #ac4 ,y _h ought to h he>d :at %e said4 #ad4 ,we hadn't ought to disagree4 #ae4 ,y ought to h inve/$1 hadn't y8 ,ex]cise #aah ,conjugation ( ! v]b be 9 ! ,,indicative ,,mode ,pres5t ,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i am ,we are ,y are ,y are ,he is ,!y are ,pa/ ,t5se ,i 0 ,we 7 ,y 7 ,y 7 ,he 0 ,!y 7 ,future ,t5se ,i %all be ,we %all be ,y w be ,y w be ,he w be ,!y w be ,pres5t ,p]fect ,t5se ,i h be5 ,we h be5 ,y h be5 ,y h be5 ,he has be5 ,!y h be5 ,pa/ ,p]fect ,t5se ,i _h be5 ,we _h be5 ,y _h be5 ,y _h be5 ,he _h be5 ,!y _h be5 ,future ,p]fect ,t5se ,i %all h be5 ,we %all h be5 ,y w h be5 ,y w h be5 ,he w h be5 ,!y w h be5 ,! v]b be is us$ to =m ! progressive t5ses ( ! active voice 7,see ,ex]cise #ajb7 & ! simple t5ses ( ! passive voice2 z1 ,,passive ,,voice ,pres5t ,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i am foll[$ ,we are foll[$ ,y are foll[$ ,y are foll[$ ,he is foll[$ ,!y are foll[$ ,pa/ ,t5se ,i 0 foll[$ ,we 7 foll[$ ,y 7 foll[$ ,y 7 foll[$ ,he 0 foll[$ ,!y 7 foll[$ ,future ,t5se ,i %all be foll[$ ,we %all be foll[$ ,y w be foll[$ ,y w be foll[$ ,he w be foll[$ ,!y w be foll[$ ,pres5t ,p]fect ,t5se ,i h be5 foll[$ ,we h be5 foll[$ ,y h be5 foll[$ ,y h be5 foll[$ ,he has be5 foll[$ ,!y h be5 foll[$ ,pa/ ,p]fect ,t5se ,i _h be5 foll[$ ,we _h be5 foll[$ ,y _h be5 foll[$ ,y _h be5 foll[$ ,he _h be5 foll[$ ,!y _h be5 foll[$ ,future ,p]fect ,t5se ,i %all h be5 foll[$ ,we %all h be5 foll[$ ,y w h be5 foll[$ ,y w h be5 foll[$ ,he w h be5 foll[$ ,!y w h be5 foll[$ ,if we add ! progressive =m :]ev] x may be us$1 we h ! foll[+ synopsis ( ! indicative mood3 ,,passive ,,voice ,pres5t ,i am foll[$ 7simple7 ,i am be+ foll[$ 7progressive7 ,prim>y ,pa/ ,i 0 foll[$ 7simple7 ,i 0 be+ foll[$ 7progressive7 ,t5ses ,future ,i %all be foll[$ ,pres5t ,p]fect ,i h be5 foll[$ ,p]fect ,pa/ ,p]fect ,i _h be5 foll[$ ,future ,p]fect ,i %all h be5 foll[$ ,ex]cise #aai ,conjugate ! foll[+ 9 ! passive voice3 #a4 ,simple pres5t ( pay4 #b4 ,progressive pa/ ( pay4 #c4 ,pres5t p]fect ( ?r[4 #d4 ,future ( praise4 #e4 ,pa/ p]fect ( =get4 #f4 ,progressive pres5t ( *oose4 #g4 ,pa/ progressive ( *oose4 #h4 ,future ( *oose4 #i4 ,future p]fect ( *oose4 #aj4 ,pa/ p]fect ( *oose4 ,ex]cise #abj ,supply ! v]b =ms indicat$4 ,use ! active unless ! passive is def9itely call$ =4 #a4 ,! vegetables 7pres5t p]fect ( lie7 9 wat] all ! morn+4 #b4 ,rumors 7pa/ progressive passive ( spread7 f> & wide t ,g]many w\ld fight ,engl&4 #c4 ,i ?\ght ! g+ham 7pa/ p]fect passive ( %r9k7 be=e ! dress 7pa/ passive ( made74 #d4 ,i am afraid my e> 7pres5t progressive ( freeze74 #e4 ,is x true t y\r r+ 7pres5t p]fect passive ( /eal78 #f4 ,a sudd5 /orm 7pa/ ( arise7 ye/]day aft]noon1 & a little boy 7pa/ passive ( dr[n7 9 ! riv] :]e he & sev]al ( 8 companions 7pa/ p]fect progressive ( swim7 s9ce noon4 #g4 ,i 7pres5t p]fect ( speak7 ( ! matt] to no "o4 #h4 ,i suppose t x 7pres5t p]fect passive ( break74 #i4 ,i mu/ 7pres5t p]fect ( %[7 him tw5ty diff]5t /yles1 b he 7pa/ ( *oose7 none ( !m1 = z soon z ,i 7pa/ ( %[7 him "o1 he 7pa/ ( %ake7 8 head4 #aj4 ,%e 7pa/ progressive ( wr+7 out ! clo!s :5 ! door bell 7pa/ ( r+74 #aa4 ,i am afraid my purse 7pres5t passive ( lose74 #ab4 ,! knight 7pa/ ( say7 t he 7pa/ p]fect ( decide7 7inf9itive ( foll[7 ! que/4 #ac4 ,i ?\ght ,i 7pa/ p]fect ( br+7 y ! morn+ pap]4 #ad4 ,he 7pa/ ( swim7 ! riv] twice ye/]day4 #ae4 ,!re he /ood 7pres5t p>ticiple ( r+7 ! d9n] bell4 #af4 ,8 coat 7pres5t p]fect passive ( wet7 ?r\gh m ?an once4 #ag4 ,! trip 7pa/ ( co/7 him a hundr$ doll>s4 #ah4 ,i 7pa/ ( see7 ! sup]9t5d5t ye/]day1 b he said t !re 7pres5t ( be7 no vacancies at pres5t4 #ai4 ,!y 7pa/ ( lay7 ! clipp+s on ! desk1 & !n !y 7pa/ ( sit7 d[n4 #bj4 ,z he 7pa/ ( speak71 he 7pa/ progressive ( %ake7 f head to foot4 #ba4 ,! cl\ds 7pa/ ( lie7 l[ on ! horizon4 #bb4 ,! build+ 9 :i* ,i "w 7pres5t p]fect passive ( burn74 #bc4 ,y\r employ] 7pres5t p]fect deal7 fairly ) y4 #bd4 ,i 7pres5t p]fect ( h7 ! same position = ?ree ye>s4 #be4 ,i 7future ( l5d7 him no money4 #bf4 ,! floor 7pa/ passive ( lay7 by an exp]t workman4 #bg4 ,! beads 7pa/ passive ( /r+7 on a wax$ ?read4 #bh4 ,he 7pres5t p]fect ( ?r[7 ! :ole (fice into confusion4 #bi4 ,be=e he came =w>d1 he 7pa/ ( set7 ! *ild d[n4 #cj4 ,aft] ! /orm1 leaves & twigs 7pa/ progressive ( lie7 ?ick ^u ! roads4 #ca4 ,he 7pa/ ( drive7 to t[n ye/]day4 ,he 7future ( g7 aga9 to-morr[4 #cb4 ,! diction>y 7pres5t progressive ( lie7 on ! table :]e y 7pa/ ( lay7 x4 #cc4 ,! dog 7pa/ ( lay7 ! bone d[n1 & !n he 7pa/ ( lie7 d[n4 #cd4 ,he 7pa/ ( set7 ! *air by ! w9d[ & !n 7pa/ ( sit7 d[n4 #ce4 ,i ?9k we 7future ( see7 him z we pass1 = he usually 7pres5t ( lie7 on a c\* by ! w9d[4 #cf4 ,! sn[ 7pa/ p]fect progressive ( fall7 = sev]al h\rs & n[ 7pa/ ( lie7 deep on e pa?4 #cg4 ,ev]y?+ 7pres5t p]fect passive ( lay7 9 read9ess4 #ch4 7,pres5t p>ticiple ( lie7 9 ! hammock1 he soon fell asleep4 #ci4 ,i saw ! man 7pres5t p>ticiple ( lie7 on ! gr\nd4 #dj4 ,aft] he 7pa/ p]fect ( lie7 !re a few m9utes1 he sudd5ly 7pa/ ( sit7 up4 #da4 ,! biplane1 :i* 7pa/ p]fect progressive ( lie7 9 ! hang> s9ce x 7pa/ p]fect passive ( raise7 f ! wat] 9 :i* x 7pa/ p]fect ( lie7 = two weeks1 7pa/ ( rise7 up ov] ! city4 #db4 ,l>ge cr[ds 7pa/ progressive ( sit7 on ! fields1 7pres5t p>ticiple ( wait7 = ! a]oplane 7inf9itive ( rise74 #dc4 ,_m p 7pa/ p]fect ( set7 t5ts on ! field dur+ ! night & n[ 7pa/ progressive ( get7 a good view ( ! flight4 #dd4 ,all eyes 7pa/ progressive ( turn7 t[>d ! a]oplane1 :i* 7pa/ progressive ( rise7 /eadily4 #de4 ,! biplane 7pa/ ( rise7 until x 7pa/ p]fect ( rise7 ab\t five hundr$ feet above ! talle/ build+2 !n x 7pa/ passive ( raise7 ab\t fifty feet m to get x out ( an air curr5t t 7pa/ progressive ( raise7 "o end ( x4 ,ex]cise #aba--;,inf9itives & ,p>ticiples ,inf9itives are v]b =ms t are us$ z n\ns1 z adjectives1 or z adv]bs4 ,p>ticiples are v]b =ms t are us$ z adjectives4 ,?us at ! same "t ea* acts z two p>ts ( spee*4 ,z v]bs bo? h ! mean+ ( ! v]bs f :i* !y are made2 bo? h t5se & voice2 bo? may be modifi$ by adv]bial expressions2 &1 if !y are made f transitive v]bs1 bo? may take objects4 ,! ,p>ticiple ,! t5ses & voices ( ! p>ticiple are z foll[s3 ,,active ,,voice ,pres5t ,simple ,progressive sell+ ---- ,p]fect hav+ sold hav+ be5 sell+ ,,passive ,,voice ,pres5t be+ sold ---- ,p]fect hav+ be5 sold ---- ,! p>ticiple frequ5tly introduces a phrase4 ,usually ! phrase is us$ l an adjective2 occasionally x is us$ l a n\n 7sometimes call$ ! g]und phrase74 ,adjective3 ,see+ y\r p]plexity1 ,i'll (f] a sugge/ion4 7,notice ! punctuation47 ,n\n7,g]und73 ,play+ t5nis is good ex]cise4 ,! ,inf9itive ,! inf9itive is di/+ui%$ by ! ^w to1 ei!r express$ or und]/ood4 ,! t5ses & voices ( ! inf9itive are z foll[s3 ,,active ,,voice ,pres5t ,simple ,progressive to sell to be sell+ ,p]fect to h sold to h be5 sell+ ,,passive ,,voice ,pres5t to be sold ---- ,p]fect to h be5 sold ---- ,! inf9itive is (t5 us$ to introduce a phrase2 z1 ,n\n3 ,to get to ! top ( ! hill 0 a difficult matt]4 ,adv]b3 ,i w5t to buy ! sug>4 ,adjective3 ,x's a draw+ to be pr\d (4 ,gr\p+ all ! facts t we h ?us f> le>n$ ab\t phrases1 & express+ !m 9 diagram =m1 we h ! foll[+3 ,phrases may be classifi$3 ,accord+ to ,=m ,accord+ to ,use ,prepositional ,adv]bial ,p>ticipial 7,g]und7 ,adjective ,inf9itive ,n\n ,! prepositional & inf9itive phrases may h all ?ree uses2 ! p>ticipial phrase has two--adjective & n\n 7g]und74 ,v>iety ( ,expression#b ,phrases are important because1 l clauses1 !y help u to v>y ! =m ( our s5t5ces4 ,!y help u1 above all1 to avoid ! *ildi% s habit4 ,?us1 in/ead ( ,!y wi%$ to make ! ice smoo? s !y flood$ ! pond1 we may use1 = example3 ,subord9ate clause3 ,because 7z1 s9ce7 !y wi%$ to make ! ice smoo?1 !y flood$ ! pond4 ,p>ticipial phrase3 ,wi%+ to make ! ice smoo?1 !y flood$ ! pond4 ,inf9itive phrase3 ,to make ! ice smoo?1 !y flood$ ! pond4 ,g]und phrase3 ,flood+ ! pond made ! ice smoo?4 ,prepositional phrase modify+ n\n subject3 ,! flood+ ( ! pond made ! ice smoo?4 ,reca/ ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces 9 at lea/ two ( ! ways %[n above3 #a4 ,!y wi%$ to f9i% ! "w s !y /ay$ till six o'clock4 #b4 ,john hop$ to arrive be=e ! o!rs s he />t$ e>ly4 #c4 ,he saw t ! c>s 7 n runn+ s he walk$ s he w\ld be on "t4 #d4 ,!y ne$$ "s gasol9e s !y _h to /op at a g>age4 #e4 ,he wi%$ to make a tool *e/ s he b\ght "s lumb]4 #f4 ,!y saw t he lik$ to read s !y gave him sev]al books4 #g4 ,%e wi%$ to make a good appe>ance at ! p>ty s %e b\ght a new dress4 #h4 ,he 0 9 a hurry s he walk$ fa/4 #i4 ,we 7 afraid t we'd be late s we ran4 #aj4 ,! camp]s ?\ght !y'd l a fire s !y ga!r$ a quantity ( dry leaves & wood4 #aa4 ,i 0 v tir$ :5 ,i rea*$ home s ,i c\ldn't g to ! lecture4 #ab4 ,! "w 0 difficult s x took ?ree h\rs to f9i% x4 #ac4 ,! clock ne$$ repair+ s he took x to a jewel]'s4 #ad4 ,! coat did n fit s %e s5t x back4 #ae4 ,%e didn't "k :]e to take ! tra9 s %e ask$ a policeman4 ,ex]cise #abb--,mode ,mode is ! =m ( ! v]b t indicates ! mann] ( express+ ! ?\ght4 ,! modes1 or moods1 t e "o %\ld be able to di/+ui% are ! indicative & ! subjunctive4 ,if ! v]b indicates a fact1 we say x is 9 ! indicative mode2 if x expresses a supposition1 a d\bt1 a /atem5t contr>y to fact1 or a wi%1 we say x is 9 ! subjunctive mode4 ,y are good4 7,a fact--indicative47 ,i wi% ,i 7 good4 7,contr>y to fact1 a wi%--subjunctive47 ,9 =m ! indicative & ! subjunctive diff] 9 ! pres5t & ! pa/ t5ses ( ! v]b to be1 z foll[s3 ,indicative ( be ,pres5t ,pa/ ,i am ,we are ,i 0 ,we 7 ,y are ,y are ,y 7 ,y 7 ,he is ,!y are ,he 0 ,!y 7 ,subjunctive ( be ,pres5t ,pa/ ,if ,i be ,if we be ,if ,i 7 ,if we 7 ,if y be ,if y be ,if y 7 ,if y 7 ,if he be ,if !y be ,if he 7 ,if !y 7 ,o!r v]bs 9 ! subjunctive mode d n end 9 s 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> numb]1 b use ! same =m z ! o!r p]sons 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 if he g1 if %e walk4 ,if1 ?\gh1 al?\gh1 or le/ usually introduce ! subjunctive =m4 ,9 mod]n ,engli%1 ! use ( ! subjunctive is becom+ r>e except 9 ! pa/ & pa/ p]fect t5ses 9 /atem5ts contr>y to fact1 & 9 wi%es1 :i* are really /atem5ts contr>y to fact2 z1 #a4 ,if ,i 7 a k+ 7b ,i'm n71 ,i'd see t my laws 7 obey$4 #b4 ,i wi% ,i 7 a k+6 7b ,i'm n74 #c4 ,if ,i _h be5 c>eful1 my "w w\ld be good4 7,i 0 n c>eful47 #d4 ,i wi% ,i _h be5 c>eful6 7,i 0 n47 ,notice t ! v]b is 9 ! pa/ or 9 ! pa/ p]fect t5se4 ,!re are "s c>eful writ]s :o /ill use ! pres5t subjunctive to %[ a possibility2 z1 ,le/ he />t too late1 rem9d him aga9 t he mu/ meet ! #d3ae tra94 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 :i* =m is bett]8 ,may any ( ! s5t5ces use ei!r =m8 #a4 ,i wi% ,i 0--7 ri*4 #b4 ,if ,i 0--7 y1 ,i %\ld g at once4 #c4 ,if 8 "w 0--7 exact1 he w\ld h no tr\ble 9 hold+ a position4 #d4 ,if x 0--7 true1 :y didn't y say s8 #e4 ,if he 0--7 a millionaire1 he c\ld n h be5 m lavi%4 #f4 ,if su* a ?+ 0--7 possible1 our gov]nm5t w\ld be no gov]nm5t4 #g4 ,if ! election 0--7 po/pon$1 we %\ld h be5 in=m$4 ,ex]cise #abc ,ins]t 0 or 7 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 9 ea* case giv+ a reason = y\r *oice4 ,rememb] t ! indicative 0 is us$ to d5ote a /atem5t ( fact 9 ! pa/ "t1 & ! subjunctive 7 7s+ul> & plural7 is us$ to d5ote a possibility1 some?+ t is suppos$ to be true1 or a /atem5t entirely contr>y to fact1 z 9 a wi%4 #a4 ,i wi% ,i ---- go+ ) y4 #b4 ,z he ---- n well1 he c\ld n g4 #c4 ,if he ---- well1 he c\ld g4 #d4 ,if he ---- att5tive 9 class1 he w\ld n fail4 #e4 ,!y treat$ me z if ,i ---- "o ( ! family4 #f4 ,:5 ,i ---- 9 ! ,s\? ,i visit$ ,new ,orleans4 #g4 ,suppose %e ---- y\r gue/1 h[ w\ld y ent]ta9 h]8 #h4 ,he w\ld appe> v tall ---- x n = ! bread? ( 8 %\ld]s4 #i4 ,we decid$ t if x ---- /ill ra9+ by sev5 o'clock1 we %\ld n g4 #aj4 ,if our /rawb]ries ---- ripe1 ,i'd give y "s4 #aa4 ,if ! package ---- left ye/]day1 z y say1 x mu/ h be5 :ile ,i ---- n at home4 #ab4 ,if he ---- late ye/]day1 he mu/ />t e>li] to-day4 #ac4 ,if e man ---- hone/1 bus9ess life w\ld be v pleasant4 #ad4 ,i saw t he ---- n int]e/$4 #ae4 ,if he ---- n int]e/$1 he surely look$ z if he ----4 #af4 ---- ,i c]ta9 t ! bonds ---- safe1 ,i %\ld inve/ 9 !m4 #ag4 ,z ! tableclo? ---- /a9$1 we laid x on ! grass to blea* x4 #ah4 ,if t /a9$ tableclo? ---- m9e1 ,i'd try blea*+ x4 #ai4 ,if ,i ---- z int]e/$ 9 f>m+ z y are1 ,i'd buy a f>m4 #bj4 ,if h] "w ---- be/1 :y didn't %e get ! high] sal>y8 ,ex]cise #abd--,v]bs ,incorrectly ,us$ ,wrong ,"r #a4 ,let ! book on ! table4 ,leave ! book on ! table4 #b4 ,leave me g ) y4 ,let me g ) y4 #c4 ,don't blame x on me4 ,don't accuse me4 #d4 ,d y c>ry /ation]y8 ,d y sell /ation]y8 #e4 ,! *ild aggravates me4 ,! *ild irritates me4 #f4 ,please except my invitation4 ,please accept my invitation4 #g4 ,:]e h y locat$8 ,:]e h y settl$8 7,locate is a transitive v]b47 #h4 ,i expect y are v busy4 ,i suppose y are v busy4 #i4 ,i disrememb] see+ him4 ,i don't rememb] see+ him4 #aj4 ,d y m9d :]e y saw x8 ,d y rememb] :]e y saw x8 #aa4 ,:]e are y /opp+8 ,:]e are y /ay+8 #ab4 ,did y ext5d an invitation ,did y invite him8 to him8 #ac4 ,?is clock ne$s fix+4 ,?is clock ne$s repair+4 #ad4 ,i %\ld admire to g4 ,i %\ld l to g4 #ae4 ,i'd love to g4 ,i'd l to g4 #af4 ,he didn't %[ up on "t4 ,he didn't appe> on "t4 #ag4 ,i _h a /range ?+ happ5 ,a /range ?+ happ5$ to me to me ye/]day4 ye/]day4 #ah4 ,i didn't get to g4 ,i 0 unable to g4 #ai4 ,loan me y\r p5cil4 ,l5d me y\r p5cil4 7,may ,i borr[ y\r p5cil8 is correct4 ,loan is a n\n47#c #bj4 ,i c't seem to und]/& ,i seem unable to und]/& t problem4 t problem4 #ba4 ,i don't take any /ock 9 ,i h no confid5ce 9 su* su* s*emes4 s*emes4 #bb4 ,h[ d y size up ! ,:at d y ?9k ( ! situation8 situation8 #bc4 ,i beg to /ate4 4 4 4 ,omit4 7,?is expression has be5 s ov]done 9 bus9ess lett]s t x %\ld be avoid$7 #bd4 ,he dove (f ! pi]4 ,he div$ (f ! pi]4 #be4 ,he claims t he 0 ,he ass]ts 7ma9ta9s7 t he deceiv$4 0 deceiv$4 #bf4 ,c ,i take y\r p5cil8 ,may ,i take y\r p5cil8 #bg4 ,we expect to get up a club4 ,we expect to organize a club4 #bh4 ,did y notice h[ t %[ ,did y notice h[ t %[ w9d[ 0 got up8 w9d[ 0 decorat$8 #bi4 ,x is go+ on t5 o'clock4 ,x is almo/ t5 o'clock4 #cj4 ,he said to g at once4 ,he said t we %\ld g at once4 ,,note4--,! secret>y's daily report w be f\nd an excell5t means ( secur+ v>iety ( expression 9 pupils' writ+4 ,a diff]5t pupil is elect$ ea* ,monday to act z ! secret>y ( ! class = ! ensu+ week1 8 duty be+ to report ea* day ! do+s ( ! class on ! prec$+ day4 ,! conditions are t n m ?an "o & be us$ 9 ea* report & n m ?an "o s5t5ce beg9 ) ! subject4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,see note on page #aae4 #c ,loan = l5d1 ?\gh common 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is n 9 approv$ use except sometimes 9 f9ancial language4--,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,preposition ,,& ,,! ,,conjunction ,prepositions ,,x is important 9 ! /udy ( prepositions to obs]ve t !re are c]ta9 words t are foll[$ by c]ta9 prepositions4 ,to *ange ! preposition is to convey a diff]5t mean+ f ! "o t ! speak] int5d$1 or to convey no mean+ at all4 ,a p>tial li/ ( su* words ) _! appropriate prepositions foll[s3 accompani$ ) any?+ hav+ no life accompani$ by any?+ hav+ life acquit ( accuse ( adapt$ to a ?+ adapt$ = a c\rse1 because ( "o's nature adapt$ f an au?or agree to a plan or proposition agree ) a p]son agree ^u some?+ t mu/ be decid$ angry at a ?+ angry ) a p]son comp>e ) to br+ out simil> qualities comp>e to )\t analyz+ comply ) conf] on mean+ to give to conf] ) mean+ to talk to confide 9 mean+ to put fai? 9 confide to mean+ to commit to "o's keep+ con=m to correspond to1 ) a ?+1 d5ot+ simil>ity correspond ) mean+ to write to diff]5t f dep5d5t on a p]son dep5d5t = a ?+ indep5d5t ( disappo9t$ 9 employ$ at a c]ta9 place or sal>y employ$ 9 a c]ta9 k9d ( bus9ess employ$ by a c]ta9 p]son or company ent] ^u duties ent] at a door foll[$ by influ5ce ov]1 ^u expect ( p>ticipate 9 pr(it by remon/rate aga9/ a ?+ remon/rate ) a p]son ,ex]cise #abe ,ins]t ! correct preposition 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,i %all comply ---- y\r reque/4 #b4 ,! *airman came ^u ! plat=m accompani$ ---- ! speak]4 #c4 ,he took a walk accompani$ ---- 8 dog4 #d4 ,! lecture w be accompani$ ---- /]eopticon views4 #e4 ,/rikes are usually accompani$ ---- riots4 #f4 ,! ye>s ( prosp]ity 7 foll[$ ---- ye>s ( fam9e4 #g4 ,he 0 accus$ ---- !ft1 b 0 acquitt$ ---- ! accusation4 #h4 ,%e is well adapt$ ---- ! position t is op54 #i4 ,an electric iron is especially adapt$ ---- summ] use4 #aj4 ,! selection 0 adapt$ ---- ,irv+4 #aa4 ,?is clo? is well adapt$ ---- summ] clo?+ because x is v light 9 weight4 #ab4 ,i agree ---- y t ! plan is impracticable4 #ac4 ,let u agree n[ ---- a place to sp5d our summ] vacation4 #ad4 ,t is n a proposition ---- :i* ,i %all agree4 #ae4 ,x is silly to be angry ---- an inanimate object4 #af4 ,don't be angry ---- a p]son because he tells y y\r faults4 #ag4 ,8 report corresponds 9 all respects --- y\rs4 #ah4 ,mr4 ,giles sugge/$ t y w\ld be glad to h u correspond ---- y conc]n+ our new bond issues4 #ai4 ,i %all conf] ---- my lawy]4 #bj4 ,! public has conf]r$ a great honor ---- him4 #ba4 ,"o %\ld always pr(it ---- 8 exp]i5ces4 #bb4 ,! new device is entirely diff]5t ---- ! old4 #bc4 ,i am employ$ ---- a fairly l>ge sal>y ---- a bus9ess t is gr[+ daily4 #bd4 ,all employees mu/ con=m ---- ! rules4 #be4 ,i am confid+ ---- y because ,i "k t ,i c tru/ y4 #bf4 ,%e confid$ h] *ild ---- ! c>e ( h] bro!r4 #bg4 ,%e is dep5d5t ---- h] bro!r ---- support4 #bh4 ,y c h an influ5ce = good ---- him4 #bi4 ,i h remon/rat$ ---- ! *ange sev]al times4 #cj4 ,p]haps he w *ange 8 plans if we remon/rate ---- him at once4 ,ex]cise #abf--,prepositions ,incorrectly ,us$ ,ea* ( ! incorrect s5t5ces giv5 bel[ conta9s an unnecess>y preposition4 ,:5 ! mean+ ( ,:]e are y go+8 is entirely cle>1 !re is no?+ ga9$ by say+ ,:]e are y go+ to8 ,omit su* sup]flu\s prepositions4 ,wrong ,"r #a4 ,i took x (f ( ! %elf4 ,i took x (f ! %elf4 #b4 ,i %all accept ( y\r ,i %all accept y\r hospitality4 hospitality4 #c4 ,:]e are y at8 ,:]e are y8 #d4 ,:]e are y go+ to8 ,:]e are y go+8 #e4 ,x is a build+ ( f ,x is a build+ tw5ty to ?irty tw5ty to ?irty /ories 9 /ories 9 height4 height4 #f4 ,look out ( ! w9d[4 ,look out ! w9d[4 #g4 ,john copies aft] 8 fa!r ,john copies 8 fa!r 9 ev]y?+4 9 ev]y?+4 #h4 ,i am wond]+ ab\t :at ,i am wond]+ :at ,i %\ld d4 ,i %\ld d4 #i4 ,i %all consult ) my ,i %all consult my lawy]4 lawy]4 #aj4 ,he sat opposite to me4 ,he sat opposite me4 #aa4 ,i %all leave lat] on4 ,i %all leave lat]4 & = to #ab4 ,i %all try & g4 ,i %all try to g4 ( = h #ac4 ,i might ( gone4 ,i might h gone4 ,! wrong preposition #ad4 ,he fell 9 ! wat]4 ,he fell into ! wat]4 #ae4 ,%e di$ ) diph!ria4 ,%e di$ ( diph!ria4 #af4 ,divide ! "w betwe5 ! ,divide ! "w among ! f\r f\r ( u4 ( u4 7,betwe5 may be us$ 9 speak+ ( only two p]sons or ?+s7 #ag4 ,x w be done inside ( an ,x w be done )9 an h\r4 h\r4 #ah4 ,are y angry at me8 ,are y angry ) me8 ,preposition mu/ be us$ #ai4 ,x's no use to try4 ,x's ( no use to try4 #bj4 ,my si/] /ay$ home4 ,my si/] /ay$ at home4 #ba4 ,:y d y act t way8 ,:y d y act 9 t way8 #bb4 ,we left ! ?ird ( ,june4 ,we left on ! ?ird ( ,june4 ,ex]cise #abg ,! object ( a preposition is always 9 ! objective case4 ,"s p h great difficulty 9 recogniz+ t 9 su* expressions z = y & me1 ! pron\n me is z mu* ! object ( ! preposition = z ! pron\n y4 ,bo? words mu/ be 9 ! objective case4 ,x is incorrect to say = y & ,i4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces omit ! incorrect italiciz$ =m3 #a4 ,! invitation is = fa!r & ,i--me4 #b4 ,e "o has f9i%$ 8 "w except he--him & ,i--me4 #c4 ,x's a "q t y & ,i--me mu/ decide2 x ref]s to y & ,i--me alone4 #d4 ,girls l y & %e--h] %\ld h a good influ5ce ov] ! o!rs4 #e4 ,all b y & ,i--me h left4 #f4 ,he did x = y & ,i--me4 #g4 ,no "o object$ b !y--!m & we--u4 #h4 ,%e sat opposite y & ,i--me4 #i4 ,!y 7 sitt+ ne> y & ,i--me4 #aj4 ,we expect y to return ) "m & ,i--me4 #aa4 ,he want$ my bro!r & ,i--me to g into bus9ess ) 8 bro!r & he--him4 #ab4 ,nei!r %e--h] nor h] si/] h ,i se5 = sev]al mon?s4 #ac4 ,my companion & ,i--me took up ! trail ( ! be> at once4 ,= "s di/ance x l$ he--him & ,i--me ov] ! s(t1 yield+ c>pet ( moss & p9e ne$les1 & ! footpr9ts 7 q easily made out4 #ad4 ,he--him & ,i--me _h1 ( c\rse1 to keep a %>p look\t ahead & ar\nd = ! grizzly4 #ae4 ,all are go+ on ! excursion except he--him & ,i--me4 #af4 ,he--him & ,i--me w5t fi%+4 #ag4 ,! rule applies to we--u all--! manag]1 !y--!m :o keep books1 y1 & ,i--me4 #ah4 ,%e beckon$ to my companion & ,i--me4 #ai4 ,! lett] 0 to be read by ! presid5t or ,i--me4 #bj4 ,he did x = ! sake ( my fa!r & ,i--me4 #ba4 ,we /udy ,%akespe>e ) h] si/] & %e--h]4 #bb4 ,%e--h] & h] si/] w5t to ! lecture ) my si/] & ,i--me4 #bc4 ,!y s5t = %e--h] & ,i--me1 n y & he--him4 #bd4 ,! program 0 arrang$ by ! presid5t & ,i--me4 #be4 ,!y f\nd t 8 fa!r & he--him _h already left4 #bf4 ,"m is go+ to buy a bir?day pres5t to-day = %e--h] & ,i--me4 #bg4 ,! play is int]e/+ n only to y old] p b to we--u y\ng] ones also4 #bh4 ,!y expect$ ! "w to be done by %e--h] & ,i--me4 #bi4 ,! dispute betwe5 8 neighbor & he--him ov] _! lot l9e 0 settl$ by ! surveyors ?is morn+4 #cj4 ,he wants to speak to y & ,i--me4 ,ex]cise #abh--,?an1 z ,?an & z are n prepositions b conjunctions4 ,!y are us$ to introduce subord9ate clauses4 ,usually ! clause is incomplete1 b ! omitt$ "p is easily und]/ood f ! prec$+ clause & mu/ be suppli$ to %[ ! case ( ! n\n or ! pron\n t is express$2 z1 ,"r3 ,%e is z tall z ,i am4 ,"r3 ,%e is tall] ?an he is4 ,"r3 ,i %\ld invite y r ?an h] ?an ,i %\ld invite h]4 ,use ! correct "o ( ! italiciz$ pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i'll agree t he is ri*] ?an ,i--me1 b ri*es are n ev]y?+4 #b4 ,i %all s5d h] r ?an he--him4 #c4 ,no "o felt sorri] ?an %e--h]4 #d4 ,no "o kn[s m ab\t an automobile ?an he--him4 #e4 ,y are m capable ( do+ ! "w ?an he--him4 #f4 ,we 7 ne>] ! goal ?an y or he--him4 #g4 ,y f9i%$ ! "w almo/ z quickly z %e--h]4 #h4 ,%e writes fully z well z he--him4 #i4 ,! manag] said he w\ld r s5d me ?an he--him4 #aj4 ,i secur$ a position soon] ?an %e--h]4 #aa4 ,x seems to me t !y ought to g r ?an we--u4 #ab4 ,i am surpris$ t y arriv$ soon] ?an !y--!m4 #ac4 ,!y %\ld h elect$ him r ?an ,i--me4 #ad4 ,i am n s well-fitt$ z he--him to hold ! position4 #ae4 ,y are m popul> ?an he--him4 ,ex]cise #abi--;,correlatives ,!re are c]ta9 conjunctions1 call$ correlatives1 t are us$ 9 pairs4 ,!y are bo?--& z--z1 s--z ei!r--or n only--b also nei!r--nor :e!r--or s--t su*--z ,illu/rations ,bo?--& ,he has bo? skill & en]gy4 ,ei!r--or ,i %all leave ei!r ,monday or ,tuesday4 ,nei!r--nor ,i c nei!r s+ nor play4 ,s--t ,x ra9$ s h>d t we /ay$ at home4 ,z--z ,we %all come z e>ly z we c4 ,s--z ,%e is n s tall z y are4 7,us$ 9 negative expressions47 ,n only--b also ,we saw n only ,mr4 ,br[n b 8 wife also4 ,:e!r--or ,:e!r ,i return to "w or /ay at home dep5ds on my "m's heal?4 ,su*--z ,we %all buy only su* goods z we ?9k we c sell4 ,be v c>eful n to use ! correlative s z incorrectly = s t4 ,s z is us$ 9 negative expressions ( comp>ison2 s t is us$ to express result4 ,wrong3 ,we w5t e>ly s z we c\ld get good seats4 ,"r3 ,we w5t e>ly s t we c\ld get good seats4 ,9 ! illu/rations giv5 above1 notice t ! correlatives always jo9 two simil> or cord9ate expressions4 ,x is important t !y be plac$ ea* imm$iately be=e "o ( ! two cord9ate expressions4 ,wrong3 ,i nei!r c s+ nor play4 ,"r3 ,i c nei!r s+ nor play4 ,reca/ ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 plac+ ! correlative conjunctions be=e cord9ate expressions3 #a4 ,ei!r y ord]$ x late or n at all4 #b4 ,he said he nei!r _h money nor "t4 #c4 ,we n only b\ght ! books y wi%$ b ! games also4 #d4 ,we l ! place 9 :i* we live bo? on acc\nt ( its quietness & its pleasant surr\nd+s4 #e4 ,i %all ei!r g to ,quebec or ,montreal4 #f4 ,ei!r he mu/ spray 8 trees or expect no fruit4 #g4 ,i nei!r l ! appe>ance ( ! %op nor ! attitude ( ! cl]ks4 #h4 ,!y did x bo? = ! sake ( y\r bro!r & y4 #i4 ,?is sample n only is mu* d>k] b heavi] also4 #aj4 ,!y are b>r$ :o nei!r c read nor write4 ,ex]cise #acj--;,ei!r--or1 ,nei!r--nor ,^! conjunctions are correctly us$ 9 speak+ ( two ?+s only4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to use or ) ei!r & nor ) nei!r4 ,9 comp>+ ?ree or m ?+s use any ( !m1 none ( !m1 or no4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces use only ! correct italiciz$ =ms3 #a4 ,nei!r ef=t nor--or money 0 sp>$ 9 ! und]tak+4 #b4 ,i h consid]$ plant+ maple1 oak1 & elm trees1 b nei!r--none ( !m seems to gr[ well 9 ?is climate4 #c4 ,we d n believe 9 ei!r endur+ oppression nor--or kill+ ! oppressor4 ,we believe 9 arbitration4 #d4 ,he has no--nei!r "t1 pati5ce1 nor--or en]gy4 #e4 ,if y ask me :i* ( ! ?ree ,i pref]1 ,i'll be frank & tell y ,i l nei!r--none ( !m4 #f4 ,?ree c\rses w be giv5 9 ! subject ?is ye>2 y may take ei!r--any "o ( !m4 #g4 ,i _h already pass$ ?ree bran* roads1 b nei!r--none ( !m _h look$ famili> to me4 #h4 ,i h>dly ?9k he accept$ any--ei!r ( ! two (f]s he receiv$4 #i4 ,nei!r ! doctor or--nor 8 wife 0 at home4 #aj4 ,bo? ! books look %op-worn4 ,i'll take nei!r--none4 ,ex]cise #aca--;,except1 ,)\t1 ,unless ,except & )\t are prepositions1 & are us$1 !re=e1 to introduce phrases2 unless is a conjunction1 & is us$ to introduce a clause4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ins]t ! correct =m1 giv+ a reason = y\r *oice3 #a4 ---- y leave at once1 y w miss y\r tra94 #b4 ,i _c le>n to swim1 ---- "s "o tea*es me4 #c4 ,i _c le>n to swim ---- a tea*]4 #d4 ,no "o c\ld d ! "w ---- me4 #e4 ,john expects to le>n ---- /udy+4 #f4 ,john w discov] t he _c w9 promotion ---- he works h>d4 #g4 ,no "o c le>n h[ to spell ---- fir/ le>n+ h[ to obs]ve4 #h4 ,no "o w le>n to spell ---- he le>ns to obs]ve4 #i4 ,no "o w succe$ ---- he has en]gy & pati5ce4 #aj4 ,no "o w succe$ ---- en]gy & pati5ce4 #aa4 ,y _c succe$ 9 any way ---- by seiz+ ea* opportunity z x comes4 #ab4 ,x is impossible to gr[ beautiful fl[]s ---- ! soil is good4 ,ex]cise #acb--,l1 z ,l is foll[$ by a n\n or pron\n 9 ! objective case4 ,z is a conjunction & introduces a clause1 & is !re=e foll[$ by a v]b4 ,l is n a conjunction & !re=e may n be sub/itut$ = z or z if4 ,wrong3 ,i wi% ,i c\ld play l y c4 ,"r3 ,i wi% ,i c\ld play z y c4 ,ins]t ! correct ^w 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,! picture looks j ---- y4 #b4 ,i hav5't a voice ---- my bro!r's4 #c4 ,i _c s+ ---- my bro!r c4 #d4 ,he walks j ---- y d4 #e4 ,i hope y w all enjoy ! trip ---- ,i did4 #f4 ,= pleasure & ex]cise ,i ?9k !re is no game ----t5nis4 #g4 ,he said t ! t[n look$ j ---- x _h :5 he 0 a boy4 #h4 ,i cut ! pap] j ---- y said ,i %\ld4 #i4 ,he talks ---- 8 fa!r4 #aj4 ,he has ! same sort ( drawl ---- 8 fa!r has4 #aa4 ,%e 0 !re ---- y said %e w\ld be4 #ab4 ,!y work$ ---- beav]s4 #ac4 ,he look$ ---- a tramp4 #ad4 ,to give ! /it* ! prop] twi/ ?r[ ! ?read ov] ! ne$le ---- ,i d4 #ae4 ,he walks ---- he 7 lame4 ,ex]cise #acc--;,z--z1 ,s--z ,use z--z 9 /at+ equality2 use s--z 9 negative comp>isons4 #a4 ,y w f9d ! new cl]ks fully ---- c\rte\s z 7 ! old4 #b4 ,y w n f9d ! new cl]ks ---- c\rte\s z 7 ! old4 #c4 ,elms d n gr[ ---- well 9 ?is climate z d popl>s4 #d4 ,we did n c>ry ---- mu* adv]tis+ ?is ye> z we did la/ ye>1 & we f9d t our receipts are small]4 #e4 ,"u our sy/em ( individual in/ruction a /ud5t may advance ---- rapidly z 8 ability p]mits4 #f4 ,y are n ---- tall z y\r si/]4 #g4 ,i d n seem to le>n languages ---- easily z ma!matics4 #h4 ,?is h\se is n ---- l>ge z ! o!r4 #i4 ,he is ---- active z he 0 tw5ty ye>s ago4 #aj4 ,he is n ---- active z he 0 tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,ex]cise #acd--,miscellane\s ,blund]s ,to1 ,too1 ,two ,to is a preposition2 too is an adv]b1 & means excessively or also2 two is a num]al adjective4 ,ins]t ! correct =m 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,! ---- si/]s discov]$ t x 0 ---- late = ! #d3ae tra94 #b4 ,x is ---- d>k 9 t corn]2 come ---- ! light4 #c4 ,he sp5ds ---- mu* "t 9 dream+1 ---- little 9 work+4 #d4 ,he w\ld h done bett] if he _h n giv5 ---- little he$ ---- ! advice ( 8 ---- old] bro!rs4 #e4 ---- m h\rs 7 pass$ 9 ! all ---- we>y task ( wait+4 #f4 ,x 0 ---- cold ---- /ay out m ?an ---- h\rs4 #g4 ,y may g ----1 b don't /ay ---- long4 #h4 ---- /ay !re = ---- weeks w\ld be ---- tiresome4 #i4 ,! doctor said t ! ---- m5 7 ---- sick ---- g home alone1 & ,i ?\ght s ----4 #aj4 ,ab\t ---- h\rs ago ,i met ,m>y :o said t %e 0 go+ ---- ! c\ntry ----4 ,!re1 ,_! #aa4 ---- are sev5 bro!rs 9 ---- family4 #ab4 ---- books are ---- on ! table4 #ac4 ---- is no d\bt t ---- k ( ma!matics is great] ?an ---- k ( ,engli%4 ,71 ,:]e #ad4 ---- h y be58 #ae4 ---- y ev] on a f>m ---- alfalfa is gr[n8 #af4 ---- ---- y :5 ! report 0 read8 #ag4 ,i 0 j ---- y ----4 ,(1 ,h #ah4 ,y %\ld ---- read m di/9ctly4 #ai4 ,i c\ld ---- done ! "w if ,i _h _h m ---- ! necess>y tools4 #bj4 ,if ,i _h tri$ h>d]1 ,i might ---- done ! "w bett]4 ,,"p ,,ii--,,composition3 ,,oral ,,& ,,writt5 ,,*apt] ,x ,,oral ,,engli% ,ex]cise #ace ,,retell a /ory t y "k or "o t ! in/ructor has read to y4 ,see if y c tell ! :ole /ory 9 fairly long s5t5ces )\t us+ a s+le &4 ,y w be all[$ to use ?ree &'s4 ,z soon z y say ! ?ird1 y mu/ take y\r seat4 ,let ! class keep c\nt4 ,! /ory may be an anecdote1 a fable1 or any o!r %ort incid5t t c easily be told 9 "o or two m9utes4 ,y probably h read _m su* or h he>d y\r fa!r & y\r "m tell !m4 ,a joke t c be told 9 two or ?ree s5t5ces w n be long en\gh4 ,! excessive use ( & spoils ! tell+ ( _m /ories4 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t ! gap betwe5 ! end ( "o s5t5ce & ! beg9n+ ( ! next appe>s z great to ! li/5] z x does to u z we are delib]at+ :at to say next4 ,to avoid ! gap we bridge ! two s5t5ces ) &4 ,its use 9 ?is way is h>dly ev] necess>y if we ?9k out a s5t5ce to ! end be=e we beg9 to speak x4 ,:5 we h f9i%$ ! ?\ght1 we %\ld f9i% ! s5t5ce )\t try+ to b9d x artificially to ! next "o4 ,! s5t5ces w be b\nd toge!r if ! ?\ght ( "o gr[s out ( ! ?\ght ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,if ! unfold+ ( ! idea does n seem suffici5t to tie ! p>ts1 !re are bett] expressions to use ?an &4 ,!re are %ort expressions l 9 ?is way1 likewise1 moreov]1 ?us1 !re=e1 besides1 z might be expect$1 & too4 ,ano!r way to avoid & is to *ange ! =m ( ! s5t5ce3 7#a7 bett] ?an ! =m1 ,i op5$ ! w9d[ & saw1 is1 ,op5+ ! w9d[1 ,i saw2 7#b7 bett] ?an ,i am go+ to ! /ore & buy "s sug>1 is1 ,i am go+ to ! /ore to buy "s sug>2 7#c7 bett] ?an ,!re 0 a boy & 8 "n 0 ,john1 is1 ,!re 0 a boy ^: "n 0 ,john2 7#d7 bett] ?an ,i rea*$ home & f\nd t my c\s9 _h arriv$1 is1 ,:5 ,i rea*$ home1 ,i f\nd t my c\s9 _h arriv$4 ,9 place ( &1 !re=e1 we may use 7#a7 p>ticiples1 7#b7 inf9itives1 7#c7 relative pron\ns1 & 7#d7 subord9ate conjunctions4 ,above all1 avoid & ev]y?+1 z 91 ,i wa%$ ! di%es & swept ! floor & ev]y?+4 ,to try ?us to complete an idea t is already complete %[s *ildi%ness4 ,ex]cise #acf ,v likely 9 tell+ ! /ory z sugge/$ above y f\nd y\rself frequ5tly us+ ! ^w s to connect two s5t5ces4 ,p]haps1 too1 y us$ :y to beg9 s5t5ces4 ,n[ tell "o ( y\r own exp]i5ces1 be+ c>eful n to use &1 s1 or :y4 ,introduce z mu* conv]sation z possible4 ,:at1 if any1 is ! advantage ( tell+ a /ory 9 ! fir/ p]son8 ,:y is x good to introduce conv]sation8 ,9 y\r conv]sation make use ( sev]al ( ! foll[+ words3 repli$ :isp]$ spoke inquir$ answ]$ agre$ cri$ expla9$ ask$ exclaim$ %\t$ rem>k$ que/ion$ repeat$ cont9u$ sugge/$ promis$ ma9ta9$ object$ rejo9$ int]rupt$ quot$ return$ add$ ,ex]cise #acg ,f> too _m boys & girls pay b little reg>d to ! matt] ( *oos+ ! ^w t w give ! exact mean+ t !y wi% to convey4 ,9 ord] to l5d =ce to _! words !y h =m$ ! habit ( speak+ 9 sup]latives2 l ! girl :o said1 ,we _h a p]fectly gr& "t1 b ,i'm s bea/ly tir$ n[ t ,i'm ne>ly dead1 & yet %e %[$ no evid5ce ( suff]+4 ,isn't x a pity t our beautiful ,engli% language %\ld be s degrad$ 9 common usage t x loses all its =ce & mean+8 ,in/ead ( conv9c+ p t %e really 0 tir$1 ! girl quot$ above made h]self ridicul\s by h] exagg]ation4 ,yet isn't ! quotation a fair example ( ! spee* ( _m boys & girls8 ,surely ev]y?+ ab\t u is n ei!r gr& or bea/ly4 ,! habit ?us =m$ is difficult to break1 b x mu/ be brok5 if we wi% to speak our language correctly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,make a li/ ( ! slang phrases t y h acquir$4 ,= ea* "o sub/itute a good ,engli% expression4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! reason we mu/ wat* our oral ,engli% closely is t x is 9 our conv]sation t our habits ( spee* are =m$4 ,! expressions we use !n we unconsci\sly employ :5 we are writ+ or talk+ to ! class4 ,if we are accu/om$ to use consid]able slang :5 we speak1 we %all h difficulty 9 elim9at+ x f our writ+ or 9 f9d+ a good ^w to express ! idea = :i* we usually use slang4 ,z a rule1 slang & extravagant expressions ( all k9ds are us$ to s]ve su* a v>iety ( mean+s t ! use ( !m t5ds to limit ! vocabul>y to ^! expressions4 ,consid] slang some?+ undesirable & /op us+ x4 ,ex]cise #ach ,look up ! words 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ gr\ps4 ,y w notice t !re is a resemblance ( mean+ betwe5 all ! words ( ea* gr\p1 b t !re is also a %ade ( diff]5ce 9 mean+ t di/+ui%es ea* ^w f its companions4 ,discov] t %ade ( diff]5ce4 ,use ea* ^w 9 a s5t5ce4 #a4 ,lovely1 beautiful1 pretty1 h&some4 #b4 ,awful1 t]rible1 horrible1 dreadful1 fe>ful4 #c4 ,nice1 pleasant1 delightful1 da9ty1 f9e1 agreeable4 #d4 ,gr&1 impos+1 spl5did1 impressive4 #e4 ,love1 l1 adore1 admire1 rev]e4 #f4 ,sm>t1 clev]1 bright1 quick-witt$4 #g4 ,fi]ce1 f]oci\s1 wild4 #h4 ,guess1 ?9k1 suppose1 imag9e4 #i4 ,hate1 dislike1 despise1 abhor1 dete/4 #aj4 ,s*ol>1 /ud5t1 pupil4 ,ex]cise #aci ,c>elessness 9 speak+ frequ5tly results 9 word9ess1 s9ce ! speak] 9 an ef=t to be cle> or =ceful repeats ! idea two or ?ree times4 ,su* spee* is tiresome4 ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces !re are too _m words to express ! idea4 ,see h[ _m y c omit & yet pres]ve ! mean+4 ,sometimes ! s5t5ce ne$s revision4 #a4 ,i hav5't got any "t4 #b4 ,:]e does he live at8 #c4 ,don't /& up2 !re's a *air4 #d4 ,! woman %e _h an accid5t4 #e4 ,y _h ought to take m ex]cise4 #f4 ,i 0 j go+ to g4 #g4 ,i excuse y because y are a new beg9n]4 #h4 ,i c f9i% ! "w 9 ?ree days' "t4 #i4 ,! (fices are bo? alike 9 all respects4 #aj4 ,he engag$ ! bo? ( u4 #aa4 ,we appli$ to ,mr4 ,abbot1 he be+ ! manag]4 #ab4 ,my m9d (t5 rev]ts back to ! "t :5 ,i began 9 bus9ess4 #ac4 ,t high build+ t is go+ up on ,twelf? ,/reet is go+ to be tw5ty /ories high :5 x is f9i%$4 #ad4 ,f 8 appe>ance he look$ to be 9 v poor circum/ances4 #ae4 ,he is afraid ( ! results t w ensue if he foll[s ! c\rse t he has plann$4 #af4 ,! pres5t /ate ( affairs t is n[ confront+ ! public has become :at x n[ is because ! citiz5s are n public spirit$4 #ag4 ,! reason :y ,i 0 n at "w ye/]day 0 because ,i 0 n feel+ z well z ,i might4 #ah4 ,i %all nev] =get ! t]rible sights t ,i saw ! "t t ,i witness$ ! /reet c> collision4 #ai4 ,i h be5 debat+ 9 my m9d :e!r ,i ought to accept ! (f]4 #bj4 ,he 0 a m]e little *ild :5 he fir/ began to "w 9 ! m9e4 #ba4 ,mix toge!r bo? ! butt] & ! sug>1 & rub ! two ( !m to a cream4 #bb4 ,! two pieces ( clo? are j exactly ! same 9 e way4 #bc4 ,y w f9d ?is *air equally z com=table z ! o!r4 #bd4 ,he said t :5 he />t$ 9 8 bus9ess t he _h almo/ no capital at all4 #be4 ,x 0 ! (fice ( ,morgan ,son :]e ,i got my exp]i5ce4 #bf4 ,*9a is und]go+ a va/ *ange at ! pres5t "t4 #bg4 ,at ab\t ! age ( f\rte5 ye>s he left 8 home t[n4 #bh4 ,!y did x gladly & will+ly4 #bi4 ,he always %[s great def]5ce & respect :5 he speaks to ^? :o are 9 au?ority4 #cj4 ,he is ! proprietor & own] ( ! ,news4 #ca4 ,y c easily get ! tra9+ t w make y a compet5t & effici5t high-sal>i$ tra9$ man4 #cb4 ,= sale1 a l>ge1 commodi\s h\se1 arrang$ ) e conv5i5ce to make x com=table4 #cc4 ,we are mak+ all ! necess>y improvem5ts t are ne$$4 #cd4 ,i w5t to high s*ool to take up /5ography4 ,ex]cise #adj--,mak+ a ,spee* ,"o ( ! mo/ pr(itable ex]cises to cultivate cle> ?9k+ & consequ5t cle> expression is ! mak+ ( spee*es1 usually spok5 ( z oral !mes4 ,9 ?is ex]cise a pupil /&s be=e ! class to talk ^u a subject ab\t :i* he has ?\ght1 b ^u :i* he has writt5 no?+4 ,he has two objects 9 view4 ,fir/1 he mu/ *oose ^? facts t w make 8 subject cle> & int]e/+ to 8 audi5ce4 ,second1 he mu/ deliv] !m well2 t is1 he mu/ /& 9 a good position be=e ! class1 use good gramm>1 no slang1 & enunciate s t e "o 9 ! room c und]/& him4 ,if 8 spee* is to be long] ?an "o p>agraph1 he %\ld h an outl9e prep>$1 9 :i* ea* division is cle>ly indicat$1 z well z ! important details )9 ea* division4 ,9 mak+ a spee*1 ! be/ way is to />t ) a cle> /atem5t ( ! subject4 ,suppose y take 7#i7 bel[4 ,y might beg91 ,i am go+ to talk ( a /reet c> transf]4 ,fir/1 ,i %all tell y h[ x looks2 & second1 h[ x is us$4 ,!n fir/1 a /reet c> transf]--7describe x fully74 ,9 ! second place1 x is us$--7give details74 ,aft] y h expla9$ fully1 to %[ t y h said all y int5d to say1 f9i% ) a s5t5ce ( conclusion4 ,!re=e1 consequ5tly1 = ^! reasons1 ?us we may see1 are in/ances ( words :i* may be us$ to beg9 a s5t5ce ( conclusion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,use ea* ( ! foll[+ que/ions z ! subject = a spee*4 ,answ] ea* "q cle>ly & completely4 ,use illu/rations to %[ exactly :at y mean4 #a4 ,:at does x mean to be a h]o8 #b4 ,:at does x mean to be successful8 #c4 ,:at does x mean to be un=tunate8 #d4 ,:at does x mean to be g5]\s8 #e4 ,:at does x mean to be l5i5t8 #f4 ,:at does x mean to be m]c5>y8 #g4 ,:at does x mean to be diffid5t8 #h4 ,:at does x mean to be p5uri\s8 #i4 ,:at is a /reet c> transf]8 ,h[ does x look & h[ is x us$8 #aj4 ,:at occupation d y wi% to foll[1 & :y8 ,:at prep>ations are y mak+8 #aa4 ,:y d we h a smoke ord9ance8 #ab4 ,:y mu/ build+s h fire escapes8 #ac4 ,:y d ! f>m]s ( ,kansas insure _! b>ns aga9/ cyclones8 #ad4 ,:at is fire insurance8 #ae4 ,:y is v5tilation important8 #af4 ,:y d s _m immigrants come to ?is c\ntry8 #ag4 ,:y d cities gr[8 #ah4 ,:y 0 ! /eam eng9e an important inv5tion8 #ai4 ,:y 0 ! telephone an important inv5tion8 #bj4 ,:at is ! pr9ciple ( vacc9ation8 #ba4 ,:at is ! pr9ciple ( anti-tox98 #bb4 ,( :at good is ! trade union to ! labor]8 #bc4 ,:y does ! employ] object to ! union8 #bd4 ,:at is a monopoly8 #be4 ,:at is meant by a corn] 9 :eat8 ,ex]cise #ada ,9 y\r neighborhood y h frequ5tly notic$ a lawn & a g>d5 t are v poorly kept1 ! g>d5 ne$+ we$+ & ! lawn bo? we$+ & m[+4 ,imag9e t y g to ! own] to make him a proposition4 ,y "k ! man slightly1 & y h he>d t he has a quick temp]4 ,"k exactly :at "w y w (f] to d & h[ (t5 y w d x4 ,be c>eful ( y\r fir/ s5t5ces4 ,let !m be especially c\rte\s1 s t y may n (f5d ! g5tleman by sugge/+ t he does n take c>e ( 8 prop]ty4 ,tell him frankly t y w\ld l to e>n "s money4 ,9 ?is ex]cise ! class w repres5t ! own]4 ,moreov]1 !y w wat* c>efully s t !y may po9t out to ! speak] :]e9 8 spee* 0 n q c\rte\s or n q cle>4 ,ex]cise #adb ,f "o ( ! newspap]s cut an adv]tisem5t ( a position = :i* y ?9k y c apply4 ,br+ ! adv]tisem5t ) y & conv9ce ! class t y are fitt$ = ! position4 ,9 ?is ex]cise y mu/ be exact4 ,*oose an adv]tisem5t = a k9d ( "w ab\t :i* y "k some?+4 ,if y h ev] _h any exp]i5ce t w\ld fit y = ! position1 d n fail to tell ( x1 s9ce exp]i5ce c\nts = mu* 9 ! employ]'s e/imate ( an applicant4 ,let ! class judge :e!r ! speak] has be5 conv9c+ & :e!r he has %[n ! prop]ly c\rte\s attitude t[>d an employ]4 ,let !m ask !mselves su* que/ions z3 ,is he al]t 9 8 mann]8 ,does he make "o feel t he is capable8 ,does he /& & talk z if he has confid5ce 9 himself8 ,is he too meek8 ,does he seem ov]-confid5t8 ,let ea* be able to (f] sugge/ions = improvem5t4 ,ex]cise #adc ,imag9e t y are an ag5t4 ,*oose an article t is especially useful to h\sekeep]s4 ,try to sell x to ! class1 or *oose an individual memb] to :om y wi% to sell x4 ,br+ a sample ) y = ! purpose ( demon/rat+ its usefulness4 ,z 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise ! speak] mu/ /rive to be conv9c+4 ,he mu/ "k all !re is to be kn[n ab\t ! article t he is demon/rat+4 ,if x is at all possible1 he %\ld h us$ x 9 ord] t he may expla9 exactly h[ x is op]at$ & :y x is bett] ?an a simil> article t ! h\sekeep] probably is at pres5t us+4 ,ex]cise #add ,y wi% to />t a bus9ess & ne$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( money4 ,try to conv9ce ! in/ructor or a select$ pupil t y ne$ x4 ,be sure t y are able to tell def9itely ! k9d ( bus9ess = :i* y wi% ! money1 :]e y w />t ! bus9ess1 :y y ?9k t ?is p>ticul> location is good1 :5 y w be able to return ! money1 & :at security y c give4 ,don't make ! mi/ake ( *oos+ some?+ too big = a boy or a girl to c>ry ?r\gh4 ,p]haps ! foll[+ w be sugge/ive3 #a4 ,a newspap] /&4 #b4 ,a m9iature truck f>m 9 ! empty lot next door4 #c4 ,a pop corn wagon4 #d4 ,a fruit c>t or /&4 #e4 ,a %oe %9+ /&4 #f4 ,rais+ f]ns or fl[]s = sale4 #g4 ,buy+ vegetables f a f>m] & sell+ !m to h\sewives4 #h4 ,pr9t+ bus9ess c>ds & blott]s on a small press4 #i4 ,mak+ place c>ds4 #aj4 ,mak+ val5t9es4 #aa4 ,pa9t+ holiday po/al c>ds or fancy c>ds = ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1 ,?anksgiv+1 & ! l4 #ab4 ,pr9t+ on po/al c>ds pretty sc5es t y h photograph$ p]haps 9 y\r t[n or at a summ] resort4 #ac4 ,mak+ & sell+ cakes1 d\ghnuts1 & ! l4 #ad4 ,sell+ cro*et$ or embroid]$ articles4 ,ex]cise #ade--;,elem5ts ( ,success ,prep>e a %ort spee* on ea* ( ! foll[+4 ,:]ev] possible make y\r /atem5ts cle> & =ceful by us+ illu/rations or examples4 #a4 ,*e]fulness helps to br+ success4 #b4 ,! habit ( neatness is an asset4 #c4 ,! habit ( punctuality is a necessity4 #d4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he wat*$ ! clock4 #e4 ,he 0 n promot$ because 8 excuse 0 always1 ,i =got4 #f4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he le>n$ no?+ f 8 mi/akes4 #g4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he 0 always grumbl+4 #h4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he 0 cont5t to be a second-rate man4 #i4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he ru9$ 8 ability by half-do+ ?+s4 #aj4 ,he 0 n promot$ because he did n le>n to act on 8 own judgm5t4 #aa4 ,"o to-day is wor? two to-morr[s4 #ab4 ,exp]i5ce is an exp5sive tea*]4 #ac4 ,be n simply good--be good = some?+4 #ad4 ,n failure1 b l[ aim1 is crime4 #ae4 ,to be successful "o mu/ h confid5ce 9 himself4 ,ex]cise #adf ,z 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise prep>e a spee* on ea* ( ! foll[+3 #a4 ,a di%one/ p]son _c succe$4 #b4 ,!re is no excuse = disc\ragem5t4 #c4 ,y may secure a position ?r\gh ano!r's influ5ce1 b y keep x ?r\gh y\r own m]it4 #d4 ,!re is always room at ! top4 #e4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z luck4 #f4 ,! prop] attitude t[>d an employ] is "o ( def]5ce4 #g4 ,a bus9ess woman %\ld dress simply4 #h4 ,p]sev]ance is ! key to success4 #i4 ,to accompli% mu* "o mu/ "w sy/ematically4 #aj4 ,x is possible to cultivate a good memory4 #aa4 ,! ability to conv]se is a bus9ess asset4 #ab4 ,! habit ( exagg]ation is dang]\s4 ,ex]cise #adg--,successful ,m5 & ,wom5 ,h[ c "o measure ! success ( m5 or wom58 ,is x by ! money !y make8 ! l& !y acquire8 ! fame !y w98 ! good !y d8 ,by :at means h !y won success8 ,0 x ?r\gh favorable circum/ances8 /r5g? ( "*8 favoritism8 physical /r5g?8 m5tal en]gy8 d>+8 do+ :at !y ?\ght 0 "r 9 spite ( opposition8 or simply do+ no?+ & wait+ = success to come8 ,/udy ! life & "* ( "o or m ( ! foll[+4 ,h !y ga9$ :at y consid] success8 ,:at qualities ( "* d y recognize 9 !m8 ,w\ld y c>e to be l any ( !m8 ,make a li/ ( ! habits t y recognize 9 _! life & 9 ! way !y work$4 ,make a li/ ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ones t y /udy4 ,flor5ce ,night+ale ,frances ,will>d ,bism>ck ,david ,maydole ,ella ,flagg ,"y ,glad/one ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son ,hel5 ,g\ld ,%ep>d ,m>%all ,field ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ,jane ,addams ,c>negie ,capta9 ,scott ,napoleon ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan ,m>y ,ant9 ,frankl9 ,edison ,daniel ,boone ,l9coln ,roosevelt ,m>y ,lyon ,na?an ,hale ,goe?als ,ex]cise #adh--;,debat+ ,a v great asset 9 bus9ess is ! ability to see ! tru? or ! falsity ( a /atem5t1 & to advance pro(s = or aga9/ x4 ,?is ability we %all try to acquire ?r\gh ! practice ( debat+2 t is1 ?r\gh ! mak+ ( spee*es 9 :i* /ud5ts take opposite sides ( ! same subject1 try+ by ! pres5tation ( facts & illu/rations to prove t ! side :i* !y repres5t is ! correct "o4 ,! /atem5t t is ?us argu$ is call$ a proposition4 ,debat+ is excell5t practice because x tea*es n only cle>-cut reason+1 b also =ceful expression4 ,if a debat] fails to make any ( 8 sev]al argum5ts conv9c+1 if he introduces irrelevant matt]1 or1 ?\gh he has prep>$ /rong pro(s1 if he expresses !m 9 incorrect ,engli%1 ! result w be poor4 ,9 work+ out a debate1 !re=e1 obs]ve ! foll[+ c>efully3 #a4 ,"k y\r subject ?or\ghly4 ,if y h insuffici5t k1 y _c be conv9c+4 #b4 ,und]/& y\r po9t ( view exactly & expla9 x cle>ly4 ,if y & y\r oppon5t h diff]5t ideas ( ! ^w tru/1 = example1 y c nev] argue on a subject t conc]ns ! tru/s4 ,def9e y\r position fir/ ( all4 #c4 ,aft] y h ga!r$ y\r facts1 /udy !m z a :ole4 ,:at ?ree argum5ts1 let u say1 /& out cle>ly 9 y\r m9d z be+ irrefutable because ( ! /rong pro(s y h to back !m8 ,^! are ! ones t y %\ld use2 ! re/ w probably be ( little value4 ,plan to give ! weake/ ( ! ?ree fir/1 s t y\r argum5t w ga9 =ce z y advance4 #d4 ,"w out ! details ( ea* argum5t4 ,a m]e /atem5t ( ea* is n en\gh4 ,x mu/ be support$ by _m facts & illu/rations4 #e4 ,prep>e an outl9e4 ,x w %[ y :e!r y\r argum5ts foll[ ea* o!r cle>ly1 :e!r y h s arrang$ !m z to secure climax4 7,see ,ex]cise #aeb47 #f4 ,9 talk+1 foll[ ! plan expla9$ 9 ,ex]cise #adj1 be+ especially c>eful 9 conclusion to summ>ize ! pro(s t y h pres5t$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! conclusions t y rea* 9 y\r argum5ts mu/ be bas$ ^u /atem5ts t are true4 ,9 ! foll[+1 "s ( ! /atem5ts are false1 & !re=e ! conclusions bas$ ^u !m are false4 ,po9t out :]e9 ! falsity consi/s4 ,9 o!rs ( ! foll[+1 irrelevant matt] has be5 introduc$4 ,po9t x out1 expla9+ :y x is irrelevant4 #a4 ,we %all =get a great _m facts t we le>n at s*ool4 ,!re=e x is useless to le>n !m4 #b4 ,oil %\ld be us$ in/ead ( wat] 9 spr9kl+ our /reets1 because oil does n evaporate s quickly z wat]1 & s does n all[ ! du/ to rise4 ,moreov]1 z ! /reet mu/ be clean$ be=e ! oil is laid1 !re is less du/ to rise4 ,:5 ! oil lies on ! /reets1 x is v /icky1 & cl+s to ev]yone's %oes4 ,9 ?is way x is track$ into ! h\ses & /ores1 mak+ ev]y?+ dirty4 ,!re=e ,i ?9k ! /reets %\ld be oil$ in/ead ( be+ wat]$4 #c4 ,half ( ! keys w\ld n "w on ! typewrit] t ,i us$ ye/]day4 ,?is ma*9e w "w no bett]1 z x is made by ! same company4 #d4 ,la/ ye> ,septemb] 0 v w>m1 & ! w9t] 0 extreme4 ,?is ye> ,septemb] has be5 v w>m1 & !re=e ! w9t] w be extreme4 #e4 ,my c\s9 nev] w5t to high s*ool1 & :5 he w5t to "w he e>n$ eight doll>s a week4 ,i h gone to high s*ool = "o ye>4 ,!re=e ,i %all receive m ?an eight doll>s a week :5 ,i g to "w4 #f4 ,:5 y are work+1 y\r employ] w nev] ask y ! def9ition ( a n\n4 ,!re=e x is unnecess>y to "k any gramm>4 #g4 ,e "o %\ld be punctual 9 do+ 8 "w4 ,if he is punctual1 he w be promot$ & e>n a l>g] sal>y4 ,money is a v important item 9 ?is _w1 b x is n ev]y?+4 ,a p]son mu/ be satisfi$ ) 8 "w s t he c d x *e]fully2 o!rwise he w n succe$4 ,!re=e ,i ?9k e "o ought to be on "t4 #h4 ,! day is ei!r sunny or x is n sunny4 ,to-day is n sunny2 !re=e x is sunny4 #i4 ,x always ra9s :5 ,i we> new %oes4 ,i am we>+ new %oes2 !re=e x w ra9 to-day4 ,ex]cise #adi ,f9d ?ree reasons = ea* ( ! foll[+ propositions4 ,/ate !m concisely1 res]v+ ! /ronge/ = ! la/4 ,z above1 f9d ?ree reasons aga9/ ea* ( ! foll[+4 ,exp& "o ( ! reasons t y advanc$ = "o ( ! propositions giv5 bel[4 ,us+ y\r /atem5t z ! op5+ s5t5ce1 develop x into a p>agraph by explanations & illu/rations4 #a4 ,! high s*ool %\ld h ! same session z ! grades4 #b4 ,! high s*ool session %\ld beg9 at eight o'clock & close at "o1 ) no recess = lun*eon4 #c4 ,f9al exam9ations %all be aboli%$4 #d4 ,e high s*ool %\ld tea* manual tra9+4 #e4 ,e high s*ool %\ld (f] bus9ess c\rses4 #f4 ,e high s*ool pupil %\ld receive a bus9ess tra9+4 #g4 ,/5ography 7or bookkeep+7 is a m important /udy ?an wood-work+4 #h4 ,if a pupil fails 9 ! fir/ seme/] ( a subject1 he %\ld be all[$ to try ! second )\t repeat+ ! fir/4 #i4 ,a pupil %\ld n be expect$ to le>n a lesson t he does n enjoy4 #aj4 ,mov+ picture %[s d m h>m ?an good4 ,ex]cise #aej ,let ?ree or f\r pupils write ^u ! blackbo>d ?ree argum5ts 9 support ( ! same "o ( ! foll[+ propositions4 ,!n let ! class *oose f all ! argum5ts giv5 ^? ?ree or f\r t !y ?9k are be/1 giv+ 9 ea* case reasons = _! *oice4 ,9 ! same way let !m "w out ! negative ( ! same proposition4 #a4 ,e city %\ld h a public p>k 9 ! bus9ess di/rict4 #b4 ,! l>ge dep>tm5t /ores %\ld be aboli%$ & small] /ores1 sell+ only "o k9d ( commodity1 e/abli%$4 #c4 ,! mail ord] h\se %\ld be aboli%$4 #d4 ,x is bad bus9ess policy to conduct cut-price sales4 #e4 ,! newspap]s are ! greate/ educators ( ! "t4 #f4 ,billbo>d adv]tisem5ts de/roy ! beauty ( a city4 #g4 ,wom5 %\ld be all[$ to vote4 #h4 ,labor unions are a b5efit to ! public4 #i4 ,all gov]nm5t %\ld be conduct$ on ! civil s]vice plan4 #aj4 ,und]sell+ a competitor ru9s trade4 ,ex]cise #aea ,"o or two weeks 9 advance let ! class *oose ?ree memb]s = ea* side ( "o ( ! foll[+ propositions4 ,on ! day ( ! debate let ! re/ ( ! class act z judges to decide :i* side has pres5t$ ! mo/ conv9c+ argum5ts 9 ! be/ ,engli%4 #a4 ,x is bett] to be a f>m h& ?an a factory employee4 #b4 ,e girl %\ld prep>e h]self to e>n h] own liv+4 #c4 ,tru/s %\ld be regulat$1 n aboli%$4 #d4 ,/rikes %\ld be consid]$ illegal4 #e4 ,adv]tis+ has increas$ ! co/ ( liv+4 7,see ,ex]cise #aeb47 #f4 ,communism w\ld l[] ! co/ ( liv+4 #g4 ,! bus9ess ( a city %\ld n be c5traliz$4 #h4 ,labor tr\bles are br\ght ab\t because ! poor ape ! ri*4 #i4 ,cont5tm5t is bett] ?an weal?4 #aj4 ,t>iff increases ! co/ ( liv+4 ,ex]cise #aeb--,outl9e = a ,debate ,*oose two or f\r memb]s ( ! class to develop ea* side ( ! foll[+ debate4 ,:]ev] possible1 def9ite figures %\ld be us$4 ,resolv$1 ,,t ,,adv]tis+ ,,has ,,increas$ ,,! ,,co/ ,,( ,,liv+4 ,affirmative ,i4 ,mod]n adv]tis+ is _w-wide 9 ext5t4 7a7 ,practically all classes ( articles are n[ ext5sively adv]tis$4 7#a7 ,food /uffs2 e4g41 breakfa/ foods4 7#b7 ,clo?+2 e4g41 m5's suits4 7#c7 ,luxuries2 e4g41 automobiles4 7#d7 ,inve/m5ts2 e4g41 real e/ate4 7b7 ,e possible m$ium is us$4 7#a7 ,newspap]s4 7#b7 ,magaz9es4 7#c7 ,billbo>ds & /reet c>s4 7#d7 ,circul>s & booklets4 ,,ii4 ,an enorm\s am\nt ( money is sp5t 9 adv]tis+4 7a7 ,! use ( adv]tis+ ag5cies is gr[+ m widespread4 7#a7 ,"o ag5cy has made ! /atem5t t x has n9e m5 ^: sal>ies am\nt to #bbg1jjj annually4 7b7 ,m & m companies are engag+ adv]tis+ manag]s4 7#a7 ,!y draw l>ge sal>ies4 7x7 ,9 _m cases1 #aj1jjj annually4 7c7 ,adv]tis+ rates are v high2 = example1 7#a7 ,! rate = a c]ta9 magaz9e is #ajjj a page p] issue4 7#b7 ,metropolitan newspap]s *>ge z high a rate z #ejj a page p] issue4 7d7 ,_m adv]tis]s use ea* issue ( a numb] ( m$iums1 mak+ ! co/ run to an enorm\s total2 = example1 7#a7 ,cream ( ,:eat is adv]tis$ 9 e issue ( almo/ e magaz9e4 ,,iii4 ,! consum] pays = ! adv]tis+4 7a7 ,! price t ! consum] pays = an article mu/ cov] ! co/ ( production & ! exp5se ( di/ribution1 leav+ fair m>g9s ( pr(it1 s9ce 7#a7 ,! manufactur] w no long] produce if 8 pr(it ceases4 7#b7 ,he is n will+ to take ! co/ ( adv]tis+ f 8 pr(it 9 manufactur+4 7#c7 ,! deal] w n take ! adv]tis+ co/ f 8 own pr(it4 ,,iv4 ,adv]tis+ increases prices4 7a7 ,! co/ ( manufacture & ! exp5se ( di/ribution h be5 /eadily l[]$1 & yet prices ( articles h /eadily advanc$2 !re=e 7#a7 ,! rise is n due to ! co/ ( manufacture4 7#b7 ,nor to ! exp5se ( di/ribution4 7b7 ,competition necessitates an increas$ am\nt ( adv]tis+4 7#a7 ,if "o firm beg9s to adv]tise1 its competitors1 = self-protection1 mu/ foll[ suit4 7c7 ,competitive adv]tis+ raises exp5ses above ! po9t :]e !re is a fair pr(it at ! old price4 7#a7 ,= a giv5 k9d ( goods !re is usually a c]ta9 volume ( bus9ess1 :i* gr[s ) population4 7#b7 ,if all ! firms compet+ 9 ^? goods increase _! exp5ses by adv]tis+1 !y mu/ raise prices to make ! same pr(it z previ\sly4 7d7 ,adv]tis$ articles co/ m ?an ! unadv]tis$4 7#a7 ,bulk roll$ oats vs4 package roll$ oats4 7#b7 ,bulk pickles & reli%es vs4 adv]tis$ br&s4 7#c7 ,bulk mac>oni vs4 package goods4 ,negative ,i4 ,! pres5t increas$ adv]tis+ is ! result ( normal gr[?4 7a7 ,multipli$ manufactures necess>ily multiply adv]tisem5ts4 7#a7 ,e day new products are be+ put on ! m>ket4 7#b7 ,no product has ! *ance ( a sale until x is kn[n4 7#c7 ,9 ! pres5t scope ( community life ! adv]tisem5t is ! mo/ conv5i5t means ( acqua9t+ consum]s ) new products4 7b7 ,any unusual increase 9 adv]tis+ has a reasonable explanation4 7#a7 ,automobile adv]tis+ has increas$ z ! automobile has replac$ ! wagon & c>riage1 because ( 7x7 ,great] conv5i5ce4 7y7 ,l[] op]at+ co/4 7#b7 ,prep>$ breakfa/ food adv]tis+ has increas$ z ^! foods h replac$ cook$ foods1 because ( 7x7 ,great] conv5i5ce4 ,,ii4 ,increas$ adv]tis+ is done on ! scale ( old prices4 7a7 ,m]*ants d>e n raise prices to make ! consum] pay = ! adv]tis+1 s9ce 7#a7 ,!y mu/ compete ) manufactur]s :o d n adv]tise & :o h no ov]head adv]tis+ exp5se4 7b7 ,! mo/ widely adv]tis$ articles are ! inexp5sive necess>y accessories4 7#a7 ,food products4 7#b7 ,soaps & soap p[d]s4 7#c7 ,toilet articles4 7c7 ,!y h n advanc$ 9 price4 7#a7 ,quak] ,oats4 7#b7 ,ivory ,soap2 ,sapolio4 7#c7 ,m5n5's ,talcum ,p[d]4 ,,iii4 ,widespread adv]tis+ works to ! advantage1 n ! disadvantage1 ( ! consum]4 7a7 ,x gives new opportunities 7#a7 ,to comp>e values4 7#b7 ,to buy to ! be/ advantage2 = example1 7x7 ,9 adv]tis$ b>ga9 sales4 7b7 ,x r$uces ! co/ ( production & ! sell+ exp5se1 ?us t5d+ to l[] ! price4 7#a7 ,by increas+ sales1 x r$uces ! co/ p] article4 7x7 ,maximum pur*as+ p[] means m9imum co/ to ! manufactur]4 7#b7 ,9 tak+ ! place ( salesm51 x r$uces exp5ses1 ?us l[]+ ! price2 = example1 7x7 ,9 mail ord] firms4 7#c7 ,!re=e ! adv]tis+ exp5se is unimportant 9 influ5c+ a high] price4 ,,iv4 ,! mo/ m>k$ price advances h be5 9 ! unadv]tis$ necess>ies ( life4 7a7 ,9 bread/uffs4 7#a7 ,less 9 quantity = high] prices ?an =m]ly4 7b7 ,9 meats & p\ltry4 7#a7 ,an advance ( f #be p] c5t to #ajj p] c5t & m4 7c7 ,9 butt] & eggs4 7#a7 ,an advance simil> to t %[n 9 meats & p\ltry4 ,ex]cise #aec--;,additional ,subjects = ,debates #a4 ,! wages ( wom5 %\ld be ! same z ^? ( m5 9 ! same occupation4 #b4 ,! gov]nm5t %\ld grant old age p5sions4 #c4 ,employ]s %\ld be liable = ! life & heal? ( employees4 #d4 ,! boycott is a legitimate me?od ( obta9+ employees' dem&s4 #e4 ,national expositions d n b5efit ! cities 9 :i* !y are held4 #f4 ,railroad comb9ation l[]s rates4 #g4 ,piece-"w %\ld be prohibit$ by law4 #h4 ,national p>ty l9es %\ld be disc>d$ 9 municipal elections4 #i4 ,city gov]nm5ts %\ld be all[$ to decide _! problems )\t int]v5tion ( ! /ate legislature4 #aj4 ,municipal (fices %\ld be appo9tive & n elective4 #aa4 ,! commission =m ( gov]nm5t is be/ = l>ge cities4 #ab4 ,immigration is ! cause ( municipal evils4 #ac4 ,a p]sonal prop]ty tax _c be levi$ ) fairness4 #ad4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld n fur!r ext5d its colonial dep5d5cies4 #ae4 ,! ,presid5t %\ld be elect$ by a direct vote ( ! p4 #af4 ,ex-presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld become life memb]s ( ! ,s5ate4 #ag4 ,! ,presid5t & ! ,vice-,presid5t %\ld be prohibit$ f tak+ "p 9 political campaigns4 #ah4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld subsidize a m]*ant m>9e4 #ai4 ,=eign-built %ips1 own$ by ,am]icans1 %\ld be grant$ ! privilege ( ,am]ican regi/]4 #bj4 ,! gov]nors ( /ates %\ld n h ! p[] to p>don4 #ba4 ,a ?ree-f\r?s vote ( a jury %\ld be suffici5t to r5d] a v]dict 9 crim9al cases4 #bb4 ,! coa/ def5ses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be increas$4 #bc4 ,! f>m] is to blame = ! high prices4 #bd4 ,! results ( ,arctic explorations h n ju/ifi$ ! co/4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*oos+ ,,subjects ,,9 ,*apt] ,x def9ite subjects 7 assign$ = talks4 ,gett+ a subject = y\rself sometimes seems difficult2 y are likely to ?9k t !re is no topic ^u :i* y c say m ?an a few s5t5ces4 ,isn't x true t :5 y are talk+ to y\r fri5ds y seldom are at a loss = some?+ to say8 ,( c\rse1 :at y\r companion says (t5 sugge/s an idea on :i* y give y\r op9ion4 ,y speak ab\t ?+s t int]e/ y1 & ! words come fairly easily4 ,:y n apply ! same pr9ciple to m =mal composition1 :e!r oral or writt58 ,unless a subject int]e/s y1 d n use x4 ,b be c>eful t y d n reject x z un9t]e/+ until y h ?\ght ab\t x c>efully1 consid]+ x f all sides4 ,(t5 "o subject w sugge/ ano!r ak9 to x1 b m int]e/+ to y because y "k m ab\t x4 ,= ?is reason *oose v simple subjects1 & become ?or\ghly famili> ) !m by ?9k+ or read+ ab\t !m1 be=e y attempt to expla9 !m4 ,sometimes1 aga91 y w f9d t ! subject y h *os5 is n good because x is n def9ite en\gh4 ,y h>dly "k :]e or h[ to beg9 to expla9 x1 because x sugge/s no def9ite ideas4 ,p]haps1 = in/ance1 y h decid$ to write on ! automobile & c ?9k ( no?+ to say until y rememb] t y once saw an automobile race ab\t :i* y c tell sev]al int]e/+ details2 or y h se5 an automobile accid5t & c write on ! topic ,a ,runaway ,electric4 ,if y c speak or write on a topic tak5 f y\r own obs]vation1 y\r composition w probably be good4 ,y "k ! facts1 y h an int]e/ 9 ! subject1 & y w v likely say some?+ ( int]e/ to o!rs4 ,subjects tak5 f s*ool life or neighborhood happ5+s1 especially su* ?+s z y y\rself h se51 are excell5t4 ,p]haps on y\r way to s*ool y notic$ t sev]al old h\ses are be+ torn d[n4 ,y rememb] t y he>d t a c&y factory is to be erect$4 ,at once sev]al sugge/ions = !mes w come to y2 z1 ,:y ! ,factory is ,be+ ,erect$ 9 ?is ,neighborhood1 ,h[ ,neighborhoods ,*ange 9 a ,l>ge ,city1 ,! ,"w ! ,wreck+ ,company ,c>ries on4 ,p]haps y\r fa!r owns prop]ty 9 ! neighborhood1 & y c\ld write on ,h[ ,real ,e/ate ,values h ,*ang$ 9 ?is ,neighborhood4 ,next to y\r own exp]i5ce1 ! be/ s\rce f :i* to draw subjects is y\r read+4 ,?is may be divid$ into 7#a7 books1 7#b7 magaz9es & newspap]s4 ,recall "o ( ! books t y read 9 ! gramm> grades1 p]haps ,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i%4 ,draw+ y\r mat]ial f ?is s\rce1 y c write ,a ,picture ( ,e>ly ,plym\? ,days1 or a sket* ( ,miles ,/&i%'s "*1 us+ ! title ,practice ,:at ,y ,prea*4 ,b to try to tell ! :ole /ory to any "o 9 two or ?ree m9utes w\ld result 9 failure1 = x w\ld be a subject entirely too big to treat 9 s %ort a "t4 ,all ! int]e/+ details w\ld h to be omitt$1 &1 if ! details are omitt$1 ! /ory loses its vitality4 ,x is ! newspap] or ! magaz9e1 h[ev]1 t (f]s u ! mo/ available s\rce ( subjects4 ,practically all t we "k ( ! mod]n _w & ( ! wond]ful progress be+ made 9 inv5tion & discov]y1 z well z ( ! accid5ts & disa/]s t take place1 we h le>n$ fir/ f ! newspap] & h v]ifi$ lat] by ! articles 9 magaz9es4 ,e issue ( a newspap] or ( a magaz9e conta9s sugge/ions = _m subjects4 ,su* magaz9es z ,! ,_w's ,"w1 ,sy/em1 ,! ,outlook1 ,! ,te*nical ,_w1 & o!r magaz9es t deal ) te*nical subjects 9 a popul> way are excell5t = ?is "w4 ,a ?ird important s\rce ( subjects is ! /udies t y are n[ pursu+4 ,e new /udy af=ds a new po9t ( view1 :i* %\ld sugge/ _m topics = oral & writt5 !mes4 ,sometimes a good subject is ! comp>ison ( two ( y\r /udies by :i* y try to %[1 p]haps1 h[ ! "o dep5ds on ! o!r4 ,! subject1 ( c\rse1 is b ! beg9n+ ( ! composition4 ,develop+ ! subject is fully z important z hav+ a subject to develop4 ,! ability to develop a subject cle>ly is v important 9 ! bus9ess _w4 ,a bus9ess man sells 8 goods ei!r by talk+ or by writ+2 by ! salesman or by ! lett] & ! adv]tisem5t4 ,unless ! salesman talks 9 a conv9c+ way1 he probably w sell few goods4 ,he mu/ "k n only :at to say1 b h[ to say x4 ,ex]cise #aed--,! ,subject z a ,:ole ,fir/1 y mu/ see y\r subject 9 its entirety1 z "o ?+4 ,ask y\rself1 ,j :at does my title mean8 & if y h n z yet select$ a title1 /udy y\r subject f all sides until y c see h[ to n>r[ x to c]ta9 def9ite dim5sions4 ,n[ y h set a sort ( f5ce ar\nd y\r subject4 ,no?+ outside mu/ ent]1 b no?+ inside mu/ escape4 ,! l5g? ( ! composition y are to write usually helps y decide on ! limits ( y\r subject4 ,if y are writ+ a book on ,africa1 y might include all t ! title sugge/s to y ( exploration1 colonization1 civilization1 & ,*ri/ianization4 ,b if y are writ+ a v %ort !me--n ov] ?ree pages--x is evid5t t ! subject mu/ be n>r[$4 ,w\ld ,! ,transvaal be good8 ,! ,jungles ( ,africa8 ,roosevelt 9 ,africa8 ,african ,mission ,/ations8 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( ,africa ,i ?9k ( ,/anley8 99 99 99 99 99 ,:i* ( ! foll[+ subjects w\ld be good = %ort compositions1 ei!r oral or writt58 ,! oral !me %\ld occupy two or ?ree m9utes1 ! writt5 p]haps ?ree pages4 ,:at is ! objection to a "o ^w subject8 #a4 ,manufactur+4 #aa4 ,! dead lett] (fice4 #b4 ,h\sehold uses ( electricity4 #ab4 ,! cle>+ h\se4 #c4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ #ac4 ,bus9ess4 ,/ates4 #ad4 ,hone/y 9 bus9ess4 #d4 ,:y we celebrate ! ,f\r? ( #ae4 ,physicians %\ld ,july4 adv]tise4 #e4 ,! de/ruction ( our =e/s4 #af4 ,pap]4 #f4 ,europe4 #ag4 ,h[ an electric bell works4 #g4 ,! we/]niz+ ( ,*9a4 #ah4 ,electrify+ ! railroads4 #h4 ,h[ railroads build cities4 #ai4 ,h[ to make c&y4 #i4 ,! fire drill at s*ool4 #bj4 ,vocational education 9 #aj4 ,education4 ,g]many4 ,ex]cise #aee--,! ,divisions ( ! ,subject ,aft] y h select$ y\r subject1 decide into :at divisions x naturally falls4 ,if x is ( ! prop] l5g?1 x probably w divide itself into two or ?ree divisions4 ,ea* ( ^! w con/itute "o-half or "o-?ird ( y\r composition1 & )9 ea* division illu/rations1 reasons1 & explanatory details w appe>4 ,arrange ! divisions 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y naturally come1 accord+ to _! relative "t ( happ5+ or accord+ to _! relative importance1 res]v+ ! mo/ important = ! la/4 ,sometimes ?is sort ( division is difficult to make1 because a subject c frequ5tly be treat$ f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 ! po9t ( view decid+ ! divisions4 ,sometimes y w f9d t y h made a numb] ( small divisions1 9 ea* ( :i* y c say only "o or two s5t5ces4 ,?is w at once sugge/ t y h n f\nd ! ma9 p>ts ( ! subject1 b h made unimportant divisions4 ,aga91 x may seem t y _c divide y\r subject into satisfactory p>ts4 ,9 t case1 y probably d n "k en\gh ab\t x4 ,?9k ab\t x aga91 &1 if y f9d t y really _c divide x1 *oose ano!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,*oose "o ( ! foll[+ subjects4 ,is ! title def9ite & cle>8 ,if x is n1 *ange x s t x w be4 ,= example1 ,photography 7#e7 is n a def9ite title4 ,no "o c\ld attempt to expla9 ! entire subject ( photography 9 a few m9utes4 ,a bett] title = a !me w\ld be "o ( ! foll[+3 ,h[ to ,develop a ,negative2 ,h[ to ,int5sify or r$uce a ,negative2 ,our ,cam]a ,club2 ,! ,photography ,exhibit at ! ,art ,museum2 ,k9ematography2 ,fla% ,light ,pictures )\t ,smoke or ,odor2 ,! ,conditions ,necess>y = a ,good ,snap ,%ot ,picture2 ,! ,advantages ( ,us+ a ,develop+ ,ma*9e2 ,h[ ,my ,cam]a ,help$ ,pay = ,my ,vacation4 ,c y sugge/ /ill o!rs8 ,aft] hav+ select$ y\r title1 decide into :at divisions ! subject naturally falls4 ,= example1 let u take 7#b7 bel[4 ,a ,ball ,game is n a def9ite title4 ,in/ead1 let u *oose ,la/ ,saturday's ,football ,game4 ,z /at$ above1 a subject may be treat$ f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 ! po9t ( view decid+ ! divisions4 ,?us1 9 treat+ ,la/ ,saturday's ,football ,game1 we may divide3 a ,,la/ ,,saturday',s ,,football ,,game ,i4 ,! fir/ qu>t]4 ,,ii4 ,! second qu>t]4 ,,iii4 ,! ?ird qu>t]4 ,,iv4 ,! f\r? qu>t]4 b ,,la/ ,,saturday',s ,,football ,,game ,i4 ,! excitem5t = a week be=e ! game4 ,,ii4 ,! t5sion dur+ ! /ruggle4 ,,iii4 ,! celebration aft] ! game4 c ,,! ,,two ,,decisive ,,plays ,,9 ,,saturday',s ,,game ,i4 ,! long =w>d pass4 ,,ii4 ,! end run to ! five-y>d l9e4 ,/ill o!r divisions may be made if we consid] ! subject f ! po9t ( view ( ! teams or ! play]s !mselves4 ,c y sugge/ any su* divisions8 ,9 ! same way *oose "o ( ! subjects giv5 bel[4 ,*ange x1 if necess>y4 ,!n write out ! topic ( ea* division 9 z few words z possible4 #a4 ,an important electrical device4 #b4 ,a ball game4 #c4 ,gett+ d9n]4 #d4 ,! a]oplane4 #e4 ,photography4 #f4 ,h[ /yles *ange4 #g4 ,! back-to-!-f>m movem5t4 #h4 ,:y ori5tal rugs are exp5sive4 #i4 ,wireless telegraphy4 #aj4 ,! bus9ess c\rse 9 ?is s*ool4 ,ex]cise #aef--,! ,outl9e ,if y\r !me consi/s ( m ?an "o division1 be=e y beg9 to speak or write y %\ld prep>e a def9ite work+ plan or outl9e4 ,x %\ld include en\gh to sugge/ ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ea* division & ! m important details )9 ea*4 ,! outl9e w help y 9 speak+ or writ+ to arrange ! topics s t !y w foll[ "o ano!r cle>ly4 ,if y h an outl9e1 !re w be mu* less dang] ( includ+ details :i* d n belong to ! subject & ( omitt+ details :i* %\ld appe>4 ,9 ! foll[+ v simple outl9es notice ! use ( ind5tation3 #a ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,keep+ ,,our ,,cities ,,clean ,i4 ,! clean+ ( /reets4 7a7 ,9 summ]4 7#a7 ,! co/ ( spr9kl+4 7b7 ,9 w9t]4 7#a7 ,! co/ ( remov+ sn[4 ,,ii4 ,! clean+ ( alleys4 7a7 ,! disposal ( g>bage4 ,,iii4 ,! smoke nuisance4 7a7 ,smoke consum]s4 7b7 ,smoke inspection4 #b ,,public ,,gymnasiums ,i4 ,def9ition ( a public gymnasium4 7a7 ,location4 7b7 ,equipm5t4 7c7 ,managem5t4 ,,ii4 ,b5efits to ! public4 7a7 ,keeps *ildr5 (f ! /reets4 7#a7 ,conge/$ di/ricts4 7b7 ,develops !m physically4 7c7 ,af=ds !m pleasure4 7#a7 ,outdoor & indoor games4 7#b7 ,ba?+ at bea*es connect$ ) gymnasiums4 ,"o m sugge/ion is 9 place "h4 ,9 writ+ an outl9e1 be c>eful t y express simil> subdivisions ( a topic by simil> grammatical elem5ts4 ,= example1 9 ! fir/ outl9e above1 7a7 "u ,i is a phrase2 7b7 "u ,i %\ld be a simil> phrase4 ,x w\ld be incorrectly word$ ,w9t] or ,:at ! w9t] problem is4 ,:at is ! advantage ( su* simil>ity8 99 99 99 99 99 ,us+ ! divisions y made = "o ( ! subjects "u ,ex]cise #aee1 develop an outl9e = a !me4 ,ex]cise #aeg ,*oose "o ( ! foll[+ subjects2 re/rict x or exp& x1 if necess>y2 select a prop] title2 write an outl9e2 & !n write or deliv] y\r composition1 foll[+ y\r outl9e closely4 ,notice t ! %ort] y\r title ! m x includes1 & !re=e ! long] y\r composition mu/ be to deal adequately ) ! subject4 #a4 ,giv+ talks be=e a class develops self-reliance4 #b4 ,mo/ inv5tors w\ld n h succe$$ )\t p]sev]ance4 #c4 ,! m tra9+ a man has1 ! bett] *ance he has to succe$4 #d4 ,mo/ ri* m5 le>n$ to save e>ly4 #e4 ,! value ( c\rtesy 9 a retail bus9ess4 #f4 ,! dang]s ( football4 #g4 ,! v>i\s me?ods ( heat+ a h\se4 #h4 ,! sport+ page (t5 sells ! newspap]4 #i4 ,educational features ( ! mod]n newspap]4 #aj4 ,our national game4 #aa4 ,baseball is a bett] game ?an football4 #ab4 ,! use ( ma*9]y has l[]$ ! co/ ( manufactur$ articles4 #ac4 ,h[ to prev5t tak+ colds4 #ad4 ,a?letic conte/s develop c\rage4 #ae4 ,qualities ess5tial to good salesman%ip4 #af4 ,our debate ) ----4 #ag4 ,! qualities ( a good /reet c> adv]tisem5t4 #ah4 ,a good c>toon4 #ai4 ,le>n+ to swim4 #bj4 ,! trials ( wa%+ day4 #ba4 ,birds z money sav]s4 #bb4 ,birds z de/roy]s4 #bc4 ,op5 air z a cure = tub]culosis4 #bd4 ,mak+ a raft4 #be4 ,e "o %\ld op5 a sav+s acc\nt4 #bf4 ,laz9ess4 #bg4 ,t5nis is bett] ?an baseball4 #bh4 ,our respiratory sy/em4 #bi4 ,! bad effects ( ridicule4 #cj4 ,! good effects ( ridicule4 ,ex]cise #aeh ,recall "o ( ! books t y h read rec5tly4 ,"n two subjects t x sugge/s to y & t y c talk ab\t4 ,write a c>eful outl9e = ea* ( !m1 & be prep>$ to speak on "o4 ,ex]cise #aei ,"n a subject tak5 f "o ( y\r /udies1 hi/ory = example4 ,let x be def9ite en\gh s t y c tell all ! details t y "k ab\t x 9 a spee* la/+ two or ?ree m9utes4 ,use examples & illu/rations to make ! subject int]e/+ & cle>4 ,prep>e an outl9e4 ,ex]cise #afj ,reproduce an article t y h read 9 a curr5t magaz9e4 ,be c>eful t y make ! mat]ial y\r own be=e attempt+ to retell x4 ,d n "u any circum/ances try to memorize ! article4 ,und]/& fully :at x says1 make an outl9e ( ! facts t y wi% to reproduce1 & !n give !m z if !y 7 y\r own ideas4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( y\r spee* tell ! "n & date ( ! magaz9e f :i* y are tak+ ! facts4 ,ex]cise #afa ,z has be5 said1 mo/ ( u get our ideas ( :at is tak+ place 9 ! _w f ! articles t we read 9 curr5t newspap]s & magaz9es4 ,we _c always =m our op9ion f :at "o newspap] on "o day says ( a p>ticul> ev5t4 ,we mu/ read :at x says on successive days &1 if possible1 consult o!r newspap]s on ! same subject1 = x is well kn[n t n all newspap]s are non-p>tisan4 ,if "o 9 ! city is kn[n to be s1 t is ! pap] to read = ! mat]ial = ?is ex]cise4 ,!n1 if we c read :at "o ( ! magaz9es says on ! same subject1 our k w probably be m def9ite & m ne>ly true4 ,let ! class be divid$ into diff]5t sections1 repres5t+ diff]5t k9ds ( news2 = example1 national1 local1 =eign1 & bus9ess news4 ,"u national news1 y c p]haps f9d articles on national politics1 legislative measures be+ discuss$ at ,wa%+ton1 rumors ( w>1 immigration2 "u local news1 any?+ p]ta9+ to ! city or ! /ate 9 :i* y live2 "u =eign news1 any?+ ( int]e/ to any ( ! o!r c\ntries ( ! _w2 "u bus9ess news1 ! prices ( food products1 /rikes1 panics1 & _! effect on bus9ess conditions4 ,^! are b sugge/ions4 ,su* topics *ange s rapidly t no?+ m def9ite c "h be giv54 ,:5 y h be5 assign$ to "o ( ^! divisions1 prep>e a talk on a topic t y und]/& ?or\ghly4 ,beg9 y\r talk ) a cle> /atem5t ( y\r subject1 z expla9$ 9 ,ex]cise #adj2 amplify x by details or illu/rations2 & end ) a s5t5ce ( conclusion1 =eca/+ ! future ( y\r topic or re/at+ :at y h prov$4 ,ex]cise #afb ,= a week foll[ ! same curr5t ev5t z record$ 9 ! newspap]1 tak+ notes z y read4 ,!n *oose f all y\r mat]ial only ^? facts t belong /rictly to "o topic4 ,write an outl9e1 sett+ =? ! facts 9 logical ord]4 ,deliv] ! spee*1 foll[+ y\r outl9e closely4 ,ex]cise #afc ,let ! class *oose f\r or six memb]s "o week 9 advance1 :o are to prep>e a debate on a topic ( curr5t int]e/4 ,let ! o!r memb]s ( ! class act z judges or volunte] on ei!r side1 z ! in/ructor may see fit4 ,su* debates %\ld occur z (t5 z possible4 ,ex]cise #afd ,ab\t once a mon? devote a day to ! production ( a class pap]4 ,let ! class *oose a "n4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> let ! items be develop$ into p>agraphs4 ,long] compositions %\ld be res]v$ = ! second ye>4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,articles ,,= ,,! ,,pap] #a4 ,a column ( int]e/+ bus9ess items clipp$ f lead+ pap]s4 #b4 ,an important news item t w\ld make a good /ory4 #c4 ,orig9al editorials on "o or m ( ! foll[+3 a4 ,ne$s or improvem5ts 9 city1 s*ool1 or home4 b4 ,rec5t city news4 c4 ,bus9ess news4 d4 ,/ate news4 e4 ,national news4 f4 ,=eign news4 #d4 ,p]sonal exp]i5ces1 amus+ incid5ts1 or anecdotes1 pref]ably ( ! bus9ess _w4 #e4 ,= sale adv]tisem5ts1 or want ads t ! class w\ld und]/&4 ,ex]cise #afe ,criticise ! foll[+ outl9es4 ,ea* topic is suppos$ to repres5t a division 9 ?\ght4 #a ,,! ,,:eat ,,h>ve/ #a4 ,a gr\p ( reap]s4 #b4 ,_! co/umes4 #c4 ,! field4 #d4 ,/>t+ ! h>ve/4 #e4 ,c>t+ ! %eaves to ! b>n4 #f4 ,! /acks4 #g4 ,! field aft] ! h>ve/4 #b ,,! ,,tongue #a4 ,:at x is4 #b4 ,x is a good ?+4 #c4 ,x in/ructs4 #d4 ,evils done by ! tongue4 #e4 ,especially sl&]4 #f4 ,conclusion4 #c ,,! ,,newspap] ,,/rike #a4 ,! cause4 7a7 ,/rik]s want high] wages4 7b7 ,pov]ty ( ! families ( ! /rik]s4 7c7 ,police h to protect newsboys aga9/ /rik]s4 #b4 ,disadvantages4 7a7 ,newspap]s are los+ bus9ess4 7b7 ,newsboys sympa?ize ) /rik]s4 #c4 ,riots4 7a7 ,newsboys hurt & newspap]s burn$4 7b7 ,police _c wat* all sections ( city4 #d4 ,conclusion4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,punctuation ,,:5 we speak1 we make our mean+ cle> by ! expression t we put into our words & s5t5ces4 ,"s s5t5ces we say all 9 "o brea? & ) n mu* *ange 9 emphasis f "o ^w to ! next4 ,we may be pretty sure t su* a s5t5ce is %ort & simple1 ) all its elem5ts arrang$ 9 _! natural ord]4 ,9 ?is respect comp>e ! s5t5ces giv5 bel[4 ,notice t ! foll[+ s5t5ce is spok5 z "o ^w gr\p3 ,/eam & electricity are mak+ "o comm]cial community ( all nations4 ,a "p t is subord9ate 9 idea is subord9ate 9 tone2 z1 ,/eam & electricity1 :i* are ! greate/ ( all discov]ies1 are mak+ "o comm]cial community ( all nations4 ,9 ! usual ord] ( ! s5t5ce ! subject comes fir/4 ,sometimes = emphasis a p>ticipial phrase or an adv]bial clause prec$es ! subject4 ,su* inv]sion is always indicat$2 z1 ,if ! grape crop is l>ge1 ! price ( grapes is l[4 ,sometimes a ^w or phrase is ?ru/ into ! s5t5ce to give cle>ness or =ce2 z1 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! season is poor1 ! price ( grapes is high4 ,:at1 !n1 det]m9es ! price ( grapes8 ,we _c become good speak]s until we le>n to subord9ate 9 tone ^? gr\ps ( words t are subord9ate 9 idea1 & to br+ out cle>ly ^? gr\ps :i*1 = "o reason or ano!r1 are emphatic4 ,! same ?+ is true 9 music4 ,we _c become good musicians until we le>n phras+2 t is1 until we le>n to gr\p ! notes to =m di/9ct musical ideas4 ,b :5 we write our ?\ghts1 we _c indicate ! tone 9 :i* ! words are spok54 ,we mu/ %[ 9 "s o!r way :i* gr\ps ( words belong toge!r1 :i* are important1 & :i* are subord9ate 9 idea4 ,= ?is purpose punctuation m>ks h be5 inv5t$4 ,:5 we write1 we unconsci\sly speak ! ?\ghts to ourselves2 we he> ! divisions betwe5 ! p>ts ( ideas2 &1 if we und]/& punctuation1 we indicate ! divisions4 ,que/ions #a4 ,:y 9 writ+ & pr9t+ d we sep>ate "o ^w f ! next8 ,9 anci5t writ+ ?is 0 n done4 #b4 ,:y d we sep>ate "o s5t5ce f ! next8 #c4 ,we use punctuation m>ks = ! same reason4 ,expla94 #d4 ,! ^w to keep 9 m9d 9 punctuation is sep>ate4 ,if two words belong toge!r 9 idea1 ! two mak+ "o idea1 all[ !m to /& unsep>at$4 ,if !y give two ideas1 sep>ate !m by a m>k ( punctuation4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ?\ght 9 ! two s5t5ces t foll[8 7a7 ,%e is a pretty1 en]getic girl4 7b7 ,%e is a pretty en]getic girl4 ,ex]cise #aff--,! ,apo/rophe 7'7 ,! apo/rophe 7'7 is us$-- #a4 ,to %[ ! possessive case ( n\ns 7,see ,ex]cise #hb72 z1 ,! boy's writ+ is excell5t4 #b4 ,to indicate ! omission ( "o or m lett]s2 z1 ,i'll att5d to ! matt]4 #c4 ,to %[ ! plural ( lett]s1 figures1 & words t usually h no plural2 z1 ,y\r #c's are too mu* l y\r #e's1 y\r a's l y\r u's4 ,don't use s _m &'s4 ,write s5t5ces 9 ea* ( :i* y use "o ( ! foll[+ words correctly3 y're we're :o's !y're y\r 7 ^: !re x's he's don't _! its 8 doesn't ,expla9 :y ! apo/rophe is us$ 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,i've receiv$ no reply4 #b4 ,?is mon?'s sales exce$ la/ mon?'s by "o ?\s& doll>s4 #c4 ,politics doesn't affect ! matt] v mu*4 #d4 ,! mi/ake 0 caus$ by 8 mak+ 8 #g's l 8 #i's4 #e4 ,h y receiv$ ! treasur]'s report8 ,no1 ,i hav5't4 ,po9t out ! mi/akes 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,= sale1 ,a ladies fur coat4 #b4 ,! boy's h gone skat+4 #c4 ,we wo'nt worry ov] ! political situation4 #d4 ,lets decide n[ :]e 7 to sp5d our vacation4 #e4 ,dot y\r is & n y\r u4 #f4 ,is ?is book y\r's or h]'s8 ,ex]cise #afg--;,capitals ,capitals are us$ =-- #a4 ,! fir/ ^w ( e s5t5ce4 #b4 ,! fir/ ^w ( e l9e ( poetry4 #c4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a quotation 7,see ,ex]cise #afi74 #d4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a =mal /atem5t or resolution2 z1 ,resolv$1 ,t wom5 %all be giv5 ! "r to vote4 #e4 ,! fir/ ^w ( e gr\p ( words p>agraph$ sep>ately 9 an itemiz$ li/1 z 9 an ord] = m]*&ise4 #f4 ,! pron\n ,i & ! int]jection ,o 7n oh74 #g4 ,! words ,bible & ,scripture1 ! books ( ! ,bible1 all names appli$ to ! ,deity1 & all p]sonal pron\ns ref]r+ to ,him4 #h4 ,all prop] n\ns1 prop] adjectives1 & words t are consid]$ prop] n\ns2 z1 a4 ,names ( ! days ( ! week1 holidays1 & mon?s ( ! ye>1 b n names ( ! seasons4 b4 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 etc41 :5 !y ref] to sections ( ! c\ntry1 b n :5 !y ref] to a direction or a po9t ( ! compass4 c4 ,(ficial titles or titles ( honor :5 !y are us$ 9 connection ) names1 b n :5 !y are us$ )\t names2 z1 ,vice-,presid5t ,roosevelt1 ex-,presid5t ,roosevelt4 ,nom9ations are n[ 9 ord] = vice-presid5t4 d4 ,names ( political p>ties4 e4 ,names ( religi\s sects4 f4 ,names ( important ev5ts or docum5ts2 z1 ,! ,revolution1 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 g4 ,! salutation 9 a lett]2 z1 ,de> ,sir1 ,g5tlem54 h4 ,words indicat+ relation%ip1 :5 !y are us$ 9 connection ) a prop] "n1 or :5 us$ alone z a "n1 b n :5 us$ ) a possessive pron\n2 z1 ,we expect ,aunt ,ell5 at f\r o'clock4 ,i expect my "m at f\r o'clock4 #i4 ,! important words 9 ! title ( a book1 play1 or composition4 ,prepositions1 articles1 & conjunctions are n capitaliz$2 z1 ,! ,call ( ! ,wild4 #aj4 ,su* words z ,p>agraph1 ,article1 or ,section1 :5 accompani$ ) a numb]2 z1 ,p>agraph #bf1 ,article #c4 #aa4 ,see ,ex]cise #ge4 ,ex]cise #afh ,! p]iod 747 is us$-- #a4 ,to indicate ! end ( a decl>ative s5t5ce2 z1 ,! bus9ess is prosp]\s4 #b4 ,to indicate an abbreviation2 z1 ,! firm ( ,cl>k ,bros4 has op5$ a new (fice at #add ,pleasant ,/41 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,! int]rogation m>k 787 is us$-- ,to indicate ! end ( a s5t5ce t asks a "q2 z1 ,:5 did y ord] ! goods8 ,! exclamation m>k 767 is us$-- ,to indicate ! end ( a s5t5ce or o!r expression t %[s /rong feel+2 z1 ,su* dem&s are inhuman6 ,frequ5tly1 all t %[s exactly h[ ! writ] wi%$ 8 ?\ght to be und]/ood is ! punctuation4 ,! same words may express diff]5t ideas accord+ to ! m>k ( punctuation t foll[s !m4 ,read ! foll[+ to %[ ! mean+ t ! writ] wi%$ to convey by ea*4 ,expla9 ! circum/ances "u :i* ea* might h be5 spok54 #a4 ,! price is too high4 #b4 ,! price is too high6 #c4 ,! price is too high8 #d4 ,! crop w n be good4 ,!re'll be no corn4 #e4 ,corn6 ,!re'll be no corn6 #f4 ,y didn't tell him t4 #g4 ,y didn't tell him t6 #h4 ,y didn't tell him t8 #i4 ,y are enjoy+ y\rself4 #aj4 ,y are enjoy+ y\rself8 #aa4 ,y are enjoy+ y\rself6 ,ex]cise #afi--,quotation ,m>ks 7 7 #a4 ,:5 a speak]'s words are quot$ exactly1 !y %\ld be enclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 ,?is is call$ a direct quotation4 ,he said1 ,! bus9ess is gr[+4 ,notice t ! ^w said is foll[$ by a comma1 & t ! quotation beg9s ) a capital lett]4 #b4 ,if ! quotation itself is a "q1 al?\gh x =ms "p ( a decl>ative s5t5ce1 x requires an int]rogation m>k be=e ! quotation m>k2 z1 ,h y be5 wait+ long8 ,%e op5$ ! door & said1 ,h y be5 wait+ long8 #c4 ,! same applies to a quotation t requires an exclamation m>k2 z1 ,look6 ,he cri$1 ,look6 #d4 ,:5 ! words ( explanation foll[ ! quot$ words1 ! punctuation is z foll[s3 7a7 ,:5 ! quotation is a decl>ative s5t5ce1 put a comma aft] ! quotation & beg9 ! words ( explanation ) a small lett]2 z1 ,! bus9ess is gr[+1 he said4 7b7 ,:5 ! quotation is a "q1 conclude x ) an int]rogation m>k1 & beg9 ! words ( explanation ) a small lett]2 z1 ,h y be5 wait+ long8 %e ask$4 7c7 ,:5 ! quotation is an exclamation1 conclude x ) an exclamation m>k1 & beg9 ! words ( explanation ) a small lett]2 z1 ,look6 he cri$4 #e4 ,:5 ! au?or's words ( explanation int]rupt ! speak]'s words1 ! punctuation is z foll[s3 7a7 ,:5 ! int]rupt$ p>ts are n naturally sep>at$ by any punctuation m>k1 ! comma is us$ z foll[s3 ,i d n believe t ! report is true4 ,i d n believe1 he said1 t ! report is true4 ,notice 9 :at way ! quotation m>ks %[ t ! words he said d n belong to ! quot$ words4 7b7 ,:atev] m>k ( punctuation w\ld naturally appe> betwe5 ! int]rupt$ p>ts mu/ be us$2 z1 7#a7 ,i %all buy ! ,bo/on f]ns2 !y seem to require b little c>e4 ,i %all buy ! ,bo/on f]ns1 %e said2 !y seem to require b little c>e4 7#b7 ,oh6 ,! flames are high]6 ,oh6 %e cri$4 ,! flames are high]6 #d4 ,division into s5t5ces is made )9 a quotation j z else:]e4 ,:5 ! ?\ght ends1 ! s5t5ce mu/ end4 ,! diff]5t s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be divid$ by quotation m>ks2 z1 ,! tra9 came 91 said he1 half an h\r ago4 ,i d n see !m 9 ! wait+ room4 ,i ?9k !y did n come4 #e4 ,:5 a quotation is v long1 consi/+ ( sev]al p>agraphs1 quotation m>ks %\ld be plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! quotation1 at ! beg9n+ ( ea* succe$+ p>agraph1 & at ! end ( ! quotation--n at ! end ( ea* p>agraph4 #f4 ,:5 a quotation occurs )9 a quotation1 ! "o )9 is di/+ui%$ by s+le m>ks2 z1 ,john expla9$1 ,aft] ,i _h told ,mr4 ,br[n h[ ,i ?\ght ! "w c\ld be done m easily1 he said1 ',?ank y = y\r sugge/ion4' #g4 ,any words quot$ f a book or article1 or any words quot$ ) a special significance1 su* z slang1 %\ld be enclos$ 9 quotation m>ks2 z1 ,! day ( ! salesman :o is satisfi$ ) ! good old way is fa/ pass+4 #h4 ,a =mal "q1 /atem5t1 or resolution = a debate is n enclos$ 9 quotation m>ks2 z1 ,! "q we are to discuss is1 ,%all wom5 vote8 ,ex]cise #agj ,punctuate ! foll[+1 divid+ into s5t5ces :]ev] ! s5se dem&s division3 #a4 ,?ank y = y\r sugge/ion said ,mr4 ,br[n #b4 ,mr4 ,br[n said ?ank y = y\r sugge/ion #c4 ,?ank y said ,mr4 ,br[n = y\r sugge/ion #d4 ,if y w ask ! %ipp+ cl]k ,i volunte]$ ,i ?9k y c get def9ite in=mation #e4 ,h[ c we en=ce ! law ask$ ! man #f4 ,! law cri$ ! man h[ c we en=ce ! law #g4 ,tell me said ! man h[ we c en=ce ! law #h4 ,tell me ?is said ! man h[ c we en=ce ! law #i4 ,! "q be=e u is h[ c we en=ce ! law #aj4 ,john :isp]$ did y he> 8 "m say yes y may g #aa4 ,z ,i 0 walk+ along ! riv] he cont9u$ ,i he>d a voice cry help #ab4 ,halt %\t$ ! capta9 ! bridge is d[n #ac4 ,! capta9 %\t$ halt ! bridge is d[n #ad4 ,we _c cross said ! capta9 ! bridge is d[n #ae4 ,! bridge is d[n said ! capta9 & ,i fe> !re is no o!r way to cross #af4 ,is ! bridge d[n ask$ ! capta9 does no "o "k ano!r way to cross #ag4 ,! capta9 said ! bridge is d[n d y "k ano!r way to cross #ah4 ,:at %all we d ask$ a soldi] if ! bridge is d[n #ai4 ,d cri$ ! capta9 swim t's :at we'll d #bj4 ,z we 7 rid+ along spoke up "o ( ! soldi]s ,i he>d a f>m] %\t y fell[s bett] try ! bridge l[] d[n ,ex]cise #aga--;,indirect ,disc\rse ,9 ! prec$+ ex]cise we saw diff]5t =ms ( direct quotations1 or direct disc\rse4 ,9 ea* case1 ! speak]'s words 7 quot$ exactly4 ,:5 ! sub/ance ( ! ?\ght is giv5 9 slightly diff]5t =m1 we h an indirect quotation1 or indirect disc\rse1 9 :i* no quotation m>ks are us$4 ,an indirect quotation is usually a subord9ate clause dep5d+ on a ^w ( ?9k+1 say+1 tell+1 or ! l4 ,indirect /atem5ts are usually introduc$ by t1 & indirect que/ions by :51 :]e1 :y1 :e!r1 if1 :o1 :i*1 :at1 & ! l4 ,:5 a s5t5ce is *ang$ f direct to indirect disc\rse1 ! p]son & usually ! t5se ( ! direct quotation are *ang$2 z1 ,direct3 ,he said1 ,i d n believe ! report4 ,indirect3 ,he said t he did n believe ! report4 ,direct3 ,he said1 ,g]many is ov]-populat$4 ,indirect3 ,he said t ,g]many is ov]-populat$4 7,see ,ex]cise #ajg47 ,direct3 ,%e said1 ,i did my "w be=e ,i w5t to s*ool4 ,indirect3 ,%e said t %e _h done h] "w be=e %e w5t to s*ool4 ,direct3 ,i h f9i%$ my "w1 said ! girl4 ,indirect3 ,%e says t %e has f9i%$ h] "w4 ,direct3 ,:y didn't he succe$8 ,i ask$4 ,indirect3 ,i ask$ :y he _h n succe$$4 ,direct3 ,:5 may ,i g8 %e inquir$4 ,indirect3 ,%e inquir$ :5 %e might g4 ,9 ! foll[+ *ange ! italiciz$ p>ts to direct quotations4 ,d n *ange ! p>agraph+4 #a ,,! ,,seal',s ,,lesson ,! baby seal said t he c\ld n swim4 ,8 "m answ]$ t he c\ld try4 ,! little fell[ p]si/$ t he c\ld nev] le>n4 ,8 "m look$ at him /]nly1 & said t e seal mu/ le>n to swim4 ,he repli$ t ! wat] 0 cold & t he lik$ ! s& bett]1 b because 8 "m insi/$1 he slid into ! wat] :imp]+4 ,aft] he _h gone a %ort di/ance1 he turn$ ar\nd & call$ out t ! wat] 0 mu* pleasant] ?an ! s&4 ,8 "m said t %e knew t x w\ld be s4 ,%e said t "y p mu/ d z !y are told because !y h n _h en\gh exp]i5ce to judge = !mselves4 #b ,a ,,fai?ful ,,s]vant ,a c]ta9 old "t k+ said t he ne$$ a s]vant :o c\ld be dep5d$ ^u4 ,he said he knew t su* a man is difficult to secure1 & 9 ! hope ( gett+ ! "r "o1 he w\ld hire two4 ,:5 he _h engag$ !m1 he took !m to a well &1 %[+ !m a l>ge basket1 told !m to fill x ) wat]4 ,he said t he w\ld return at night to see :at !y _h done4 ,! m5 7 v mu* 9 e>ne/ :5 !y began ! "w1 b1 aft] p\r+ five or six bucketfuls ( wat] into ! basket1 "o ( !m /opp$ & said t he did n see any use 9 do+ t because1 z soon z he p\r$ ! wat] 91 x ran out aga91 & 8 "t 0 lo/4 ,8 companion repli$ t ! k9d ( "w t _! ma/] gave !m 0 no conc]n ( !irs2 t !y 7 paid to d ! "w2 &1 :e!r x seem$ useful to !m or n1 !y ought to d x4 ,! fir/ speak] said t ! o!r man c\ld d z he pleas$1 b1 z = him1 he did n expect to wa/e 8 "t on su* fooli% "w4 ,?r[+ 8 bucket d[n1 he walk$ (f4 ,! "o t 0 left cont9u$ at ! "w until ab\t sunset1 :5 he _h ne>ly empti$ ! well4 ,look+ into ! basket1 he saw some?+ glitt]+4 ,/oop+ to look m closely1 he f\nd 9 ! basket a r+ ( great value :i* 8 bucket _h scoop$ up f ! mud at ! bottom ( ! well4 ,he said t n[ he knew :y ! k+ _h want$ ! wat] p\r$ into ! basket4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 :5 ! k+ came up ) "s ( 8 (fic]s & saw ! r+ 9 ! basket1 he knew t ! man _h obey$ him1 & he said t he knew he c\ld tru/ him1 & z a rew>d = ob$i5ce he w\ld make him ma/] ov] o!r s]vants4 ,ex]cise #agb--,! ,p>agraph 9 ,dialogue ,9 conv]sation ! words ( ea* speak]1 toge!r ) ! au?or's words ( explanation1 =m "o p>agraph4 ,:5ev] ! speak] *anges1 ! p>agraph *anges2 z1 ,mim]1 boldly said ! god ,od9 to ! gray old gu>dian ( ! well :]e wit & wisdom lie hidd51 ,mim]1 let me dr9k ( ! wat]s ( wisdom4 ,truly1 ,od91 answ]$ ,mim]1 x is a great treasure t y seek & "o :i* _m h s\ght be=e b :o1 :5 !y knew ! price ( x1 turn$ back4 ,!n repli$ ,od91 ,i w\ld give my "r h& = wisdom will+ly4 ,nay1 rejo9$ ! remorseless ,mim]1 x is n y\r "r h&1 b y\r "r eye1 y mu/ give4--,ke>y3 ,! ,h]oes ( ,asg>d4 ,h[ev]1 :5 "o speak] talks at l5g?1 :at he says is =m$ into p>agraphs accord+ to ! divisions into :i* x falls4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,:5 a %ort quotation is simply "p ( a p>agraph1 x is punctuat$ z foll[s3 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 ( use to me1 ! impression cont9u+ on my m9d4 ,(t5 :5 ,i 0 tempt$ to buy "s unnecess>y ?+1 ,i said to myself1 ,don't give too mu* = ! :i/le1 & ,i sav$ my money4 ,p>agraph ! foll[+3 #a ,on ! next morn+ we _h gone b a mile or two :5 we came to an ext5sive belt ( woods1 ?r\gh ! mid/ ( :i* ran a /ream1 wide1 deep1 & ( an appe>ance p>ticul>ly muddy & trea*]\s4 ,9 plung$ ! c>t1 b midway x /uck fa/4 ,!n approa*$ ! long team & heavy wagon ( our fri5ds1 b x paus$ on ! br9k4 ,n[ my advice is1-- began ! capta91 :o _h be5 anxi\sly contemplat+ ! muddy gulf4 ,drive on6 cri$ ,r4 ,b ,wright1 ! mulete]1 app>5tly _h n z yet decid$ ! po9t 9 8 own m9d4 ,he sat /ill 9 8 seat on "o ( ! %aft-mules1 :i/l+ 9 a l[1 contemplative /ra9 to himself4 ,my advice is1 resum$ ! capta91 t we unload2 = ,i'll bet any man five p\nds t if we try to g ?r\gh1 we %all /ick fa/4 ,by ! p[]s1 we %all /ick fa/6 e*o$ ,jack1 ! capta9's bro!r1 %ak+ 8 l>ge head ) an air ( conviction4 ,drive on6 drive on6 petulantly cri$ ,r4 ,well1 obs]v$ ! capta91 turn+ to u z we sat look+ on1 ,i c only give my advice2 & if p won't be reasonable1 :y1 !y won't1 t's all6--,p>kman3 ,! ,oregon ,trail4 #b ,rebecca walk$ up ! lane & w5t to ! side door4 ,!re 0 a por* !re4 ,seat$ 9 a rock+-*air1 husk+ corn1 0 a good-look+ "y man4 ,rebecca 0 a trifle %y at ?is enc\nt]1 b !re 0 no?+ to d except expla9 h] pres5ce2 s %e ask$1 ,is ! lady ( ! h\se at home84 ,i am ! lady ( ! h\se at pres5t1 said ! /rang] ) a :imsical smile4 ,:at c ,i d = y8 ,h y ev] he>d ( !--w\ld y l--er ,i mean1 d y ne$ any soap8 qu]i$ ,rebecca4 ,d ,i look z if ,i d8 he respond$ unexpect$ly4 ,rebecca dimpl$4 ,i didn't mean t2 ,i h "s soap to sell2 ,i mean ,i w\ld l to introduce to y a v rem>kable soap1 ! be/ n[ on ! m>ket4 ,x is call$ !-- ,oh6 ,i mu/ "k t soap1 said ! g5tleman g5ially4 ,made out ( pure vegetable fats1 isn't x8 ,! v pure/1 corroborat$ ,rebecca4 ,no acid 9 x8 ,n a trace4 ,& yet a *ild c\ld d ! ,monday wa%+ ) x & use no =ce8 ,a babe1 correct$ ,rebecca4 ,oh6 a babe1 eh8 ,t *ild gr[s y\ng] e ye>1 in/ead ( old]--wise *ild6--,wigg93 ,rebecca ( ,sunnybrook ,f>m4 ,*ange ! foll[+ f indirect to direct disc\rse & p>agraph3 ,:5 ,:itti] w5t on 8 fir/ fi%+ trip1 x 0 a day 9 e>ly summ]4 ,! long aft]noon %ad[s lay cool on ! grass4 ,! boy said t ! fl[]s seem$ bright] & ! birds m]ri] ?an ev] be=e4 ,:5 !y came to a b5d 9 ! riv]1 8 uncle said t ?is 0 a good place to try4 ,he told ! boy to ?r[ out 8 l9e z he _h se5 o!rs d & move x on ! surface ( ! wat] 9 imitation ( ! leap ( a frog4 ,! boy did z he 0 told1 b he caught no fi%4 ,8 uncle said t he %\ld try aga94 ,sudd5ly ! bait sank out ( sight1 & ! boy cri$ out t he _h caught a fi% at la/4 ,z he spoke1 he pull$ up a tangle ( we$s4 ,8 uncle said t he %\ld try aga91 because fi%]m5 mu/ h pati5ce4 ,9 a mom5t ! boy felt some?+ tug at 8 l9e1 & z he j]k$ x up1 he saw a f9e pick]el wriggl+ 9 ! sun4 ,9 uncontrollable excitem5t he call$ out to 8 uncle1 tell+ him to look at ! big pick]el4 ,8 uncle said t ! boy didn't h x yet1 & z he spoke !re 0 a spla% 9 ! wat]1 & ! boy's hook hung empty4 ,8 uncle assur$ him t !re 7 m fi% 9 ! riv]1 b ! boy w\ld n be com=t$4 ,8 uncle smil$ %rewdly & told ,:itti] to rememb] nev] to brag ( cat*+ a fi% until x 0 on dry l&4 ,he said t he _h se5 old] p do+ t 9 m ways ?an "o1 & s mak+ fools ( !mselves4 ,he said t x 0 bett] n to boa/ ( do+ a ?+ until x 0 done4 ,ex]cise #agc--,! ,comma 717 ,rule #a4--,! comma is us$ to sep>ate a direct quotation f ! words ( explanation4 ,= illu/ration see ! =ego+ ex]cises4 ,write ! foll[+ f dictation2 !n comp>e y\r v]sion ) ! orig9al3 ,lit]ature1 ! m9i/ry1 m$ic9e1 ! law1 & o!r occupations are h9d]$ = want ( m5 to d ! "w4 ,to te/ ?is /atem5t ?or\ghly y ne$ only hunt up a fir/-class editor1 report]1 bus9ess manag]1 =eman ( a %op1 me*anic1 or arti/ 9 any bran* ( indu/ry & try to hire him4 ,y w f9d t he is already hir$4 ,he is sob]1 indu/ri\s1 capable1 reliable1 & always 9 dem&4 ,he _c get a day's holiday except by c\rtesy ( 8 employ]1 or ( 8 city1 or ( ! great g5]al public4 ,b if y ne$ idl]s1 %irk]s1 half-in/ruct$1 unambiti\s1 & com=t-seek+ editors1 report]s1 lawy]s1 doctors1 & me*anics apply any:]e4--,m>k ,twa94 ,rule #b4--,! comma is us$ to sep>ate ! memb]s ( a s]ies4 ,ex]cise #agd ,divide ! foll[+ into s5t5ces & supply ! necess>y commas3 ,abraham ,l9coln 0 a tall /rong p[]fully built boy he c\ld lift a load cut d[n a tree or build a f5ce m quickly ?an any "o else 9 ! neighborhood 8 p]sev]ance 9 8 boyhood helps u to appreciate ! firm true /eady h& t guid$ our c\ntry ?r\gh its great crisis ,l9coln unceas+ly %[$ 8 wise bra9 8 great c\rage & 8 k9dness ( he>t 8 "* 0 n made 9 a day nor a mon? nor a ye> x 0 built up aft] ye>s ( ye>n+ ye>s ( /riv+ & ye>s ( h>d "w4 ,9 ! above po9t out ! in/ances :]e ! comma is us$-- #a4 ,:5 sev]al n\ns foll[ "o ano!r1 all be+ 9 ! same case4 #b4 ,:5 sev]al adjectives foll[ "o ano!r1 all modify+ ! same n\n4 #c4 ,:5 a succession ( phrases modifies ! same n\n4 ,?is k9d ( succession is call$ a s]ies4 ,ea* new memb] gives a new idea1 ! comma be+ us$ to help ! read] to sep>ate "o f ! next ) ease4 ,notice t ! comma is us$ betwe5 ! la/ two memb]s be=e ! cord9ate conjunction z well z betwe5 ! o!r memb]s4 #b ,de> ,sir3#a ,y c make no mi/ake 9 buy+ ,,bcl ,p[] ,co4 bonds n[ ! company supplies p[] to m9es & t[ns ( ,colorado ,utah & ,idaho x furni%es electric light & p[] to ,ophir ,ouray ,ames ,p&ora & o!r t[ns 9 ,colorado 9 ,utah x supplies light to ,mescal ,eureka ,provo ,logan & ,b+ham x also furni%es p[] = ! /reet railway sy/ems ( ,salt ,lake ,city ,f>m+ton & ,ogd54 ,! bonds (f] su* good security good int]e/ & ready conv]tibility t we expect our allotm5t to be heavily ov]subscrib$ w y !re=e s5d u y\r ord] be=e ,monday4 ,y\rs truly1 #c ,imag9e ! sc5e3 a little holl[ 9 ! prairie =m+ a p]fect amphi!at] ! yell[ grass & wild oats graz$ %ort a h]d ( horses />+ f ! slope ,i myself /&+ 9 ! middle l a r+-ma/] 9 a circus & ?is wond]ful horse p]=m+ at 8 own free w4 ,he trott$ p[]fully he gallop$ gracefully he ?und]$ at full spe$ he lift$ =elegs to welcome he flung out h9d legs to repel he leap$ z if spr++ ov] bayonets he pranc$ & curvett$ z if he 7 ! pretty play?+ ( a girl & f9ally he trott$ up & snuff$ ab\t me--j out ( rea*4 #d ,de> ,madam3#d ,our ,/yle ,book %[s y ! be/ ( ! season's /yles = ladies misses & *ildr5 x conta9s illu/rations ( ! late/ k9ds ( long coats ( skirts 9 ! mo/ fa%ionable cuts & mat]ials ( hats t are new & p>ticul>ly becom+ & ( dresses ) ! newe/ sleeves & coll>s we are especially sure t y w l our wai/s !y are arti/ic 9 design /yli% 9 cut & excell5t 9 workman%ip !y are select$ f ! lead+ fa%ion c5t]s are ! creations ( ! be/ co/um]s & always h individuality tw5ty ye>s ( sell+ goods by mail h giv5 u exp]i5ce skill & k t make x c]ta9 we c please y4 ,! enclos$ c\pon is good = fifty c5ts on a five doll> ord] "o doll> & tw5ty-five c5ts on a t5 doll> ord] & two doll>s on an ord] = fifte5 doll>s or m ?is (f] expires ,septemb] #cj4 ,y\rs truly1 #e ,increas$ wages %ort] h\rs & p]haps l[] effici5cy = ! h\rs work$ h done m to raise ! co/ ( liv+ ?an almo/ any?+ else ?is high] co/ ( production we see on ! f>m 9 ! factory 9 transportation 9 m]*&is+ & ev5 9 dome/ic s]vice we _c d\ble ! co/ ( excavat+ brick-lay+ plumb+ & decorat+ & expect n to d\ble ! r5ts t we mu/ pay ! co/ ( build+ has increas$ z ! dem&s ( labor]s increas$ z _! h\rs ( "w decreas$ & z _! wages advanc$ ! mat]ials t g into a build+ ! transportation ( t mat]ial ! labor ( assembl+ x & ! labor ( fa%ion+ x into a build+ h all advanc$ 9 price4 ,moreov]1 high liv+ has a great deal to d ) ! high co/ ( liv+ because x has made mo/ ( u ?9k t we mu/ h m conv5i5ces m luxuries m clo!s & m amusem5ts ?an our fa!rs _h ) a return to ! ?rift ( our fa!rs ) a return to _! desire = "w we %all no long] feel ! grip ( ! high co/ ( liv+ !re is a real dang] to our nation 9 our extravagance 9 our indiff]5ce to co/ 9 our sweep t[>d ease & idl5ess & 9 our gr[+ antipa?y = "w4 ,ex]cise #age ,write five s5t5ces illu/rat+ s]ies ( words2 five illu/rat+ s]ies ( phrases2 & five illu/rat+ s]ies ( clauses4 ,ex]cise #agf ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,,! ,,gov]nm5t',s ,,laundry ,"s ( ! pap] money 9 circulation is s dirty t "o feels ! ne$ ( gloves 9 h&l+ x1 & ! suspicion t x is g]m lad5 might well be v]ifi$4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t money spreads contagi\s diseases1 nor c su* a /atem5t be que/ion$ :5 "o rememb]s t money goes into e k9d ( home & is h&l$ by _m infect$ p]sons4 ,! gov]nm5t has long felt t some?+ %\ld be done to less5 ?is means ( spread+ disease1 & a ma*9e has f9ally be5 inv5t$ t w wa% & iron ! dirtie/ bills until !y look almo/ z fre% z new ones4 ,! entire co/ ( op]at+ ! device is h>dly fifty c5ts = ea* ?\s& bills1 b x is e/imat$ t x w save ! gov]nm5t z mu* z a million doll>s a ye>4 #b ,,luck ,,& ,,labor ,luck is ev] wait+ = some?+ to turn up2 labor ) ke5 eyes & /rong w turns some?+ up4 ,luck lies 9 b$ & wi%es ! po/man w\ld br+ him news ( a =tune2 labor turns out at six o'clock & ) busy p5 or r++ hamm] lays ! f\ndation ( a compet5ce4 ,luck :9es2 labor :i/les4 ,luck relies on *ance2 labor on "*4--,cobd54 ,! selections giv5 above illu/rate ! comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,notice ! ?\ght express$ 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,!re is usually an idea ( balance or contra/1 & ! two halves ( ! s5t5ce express ! two halves ( ! idea4 ,! two memb]s are usually di/9ct en\gh to require a comma be=e ! conjunction4 ,if ! conjunction is omitt$1 a semicolon mu/ sep>ate ! two memb]s1 z 9 ! second selection above4 ,rule #c4--,! comma is us$ be=e ! cord9ate conjunction 9 a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,if ! conjunction is omitt$1 a semicolon mu/ be us$4 ,ex]cise #agg ,sep>ate ! foll[+ into comp\nd s5t5ces & punctuate3 #a ,sawdu/ z a fire ext+ui%] s\nds absurd b rec5t exp]im5ts 9 ,bo/on h prov$ x to be successful 9 qu5*+ fires 9 tanks ( oil & o!r inflammable liquids ! ,bo/on exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ ) tanks ( burn+ v>ni% b ! same pr9ciples seem to apply to tanks ( burn+ oil ! float+ sawdu/ =ms a blanket t %uts (f ! air f ! flames & ! lack ( oxyg5 causes ! fire to die out ! exp]im5ts 7 tri$ ) bo? wet & dry sawdu/ & ! dry mat]ial seem$ to ext+ui% ! fire z quickly z ! wet4 #b ,select ! k9d ( bus9ess t suits y\r natural incl9ation & temp]am5t "s m5 are naturally me*anics o!rs h a /rong av]sion to ma*9]y because !y d n und]/& x "s m5 are imag9ative o!rs are purely practical "s pref] active "w o!rs l s$5t>y employm5t all %\ld select ^? occupations t suit !m be/4 #c ,c]ta9 ,we/]n railroads h long felt ! ne$ ( a new mat]ial = sleep]s & !y h be5 exp]im5t+ = "s "t pa/ ) cocobolo or ,japanese oak ! wood is s h>d t x is almo/ impossible to drive spikes into x & screw$ spikes 9 bor$ holes are us$ ^! sleep]s w co/ a trifle m ?an ^? made f ,am]ican oak b !y are expect$ to la/ tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s ! reason = exp]im5t+ ) =eign woods is t native oak is becom+ sc>ce & x is deem$ wise to se>* 9 "t = a sub/itute4 #d ,de> ,sir3 ,we wrote y on ! ?ird b z yet no ^w has come ( y\r decision 9 reg>d to ! inve/m5t y 7 consid]+ at #dge ,second ,av5ue let u h y\r ord] & we %all at once prep>e ! contract ( sale ! build+ is an especially attractive (f]+ at #i1ejj & we feel sure t y w f9d ! return f x unusually l>ge4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,ex]cise #agh ,:5 an adv]bial clause or a p>ticipial adjective phrase is put at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce to secure emphasis1 x is call$ an initial clause or p>ticipial phrase4 ,a comma sep>ates x f ! indep5d5t clause to help ! read] to see :]e ! subord9ate idea ends & :]e ! ma9 idea beg9s4 ,rewrite ! foll[+ f dictation1 notic+ ! punctuation ( initial elem5ts3 ,if a city is to be kept 9 good condition1 e citiz5 mu/ pay 8 %>e ( ! exp5se4 ,if ! dreadful epidemics are to be ext]m9at$1 !re mu/ be a good bo>d ( heal? to see t ev]y?+ is kept sanit>y4 ,:5 ! heal? (fic]s d _! "w well1 ! heal? ( ! city improves4 ,9 ord] t ! decrees ( ! heal? dep>tm5t & ( ! c\rts may be en=c$1 !re mu/ be a good police dep>tm5t4 ,besides hav+ ^! advantages1 cities ne$ good /reets & good s*ools4 ,because all ( ^! good ?+s co/ a great deal ( money1 high taxes mu/ be levi$ to pay = !m4 ,rule #d4--;,an initial clause or p>ticipial phrase mu/ be set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 ,ex]cise #agi ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a ,al?\gh cotton se$ us$ to be consid]$ worse ?an rubbi% !re n[ come f x e ye> millions ( doll>s 9 pr(it4 ,=m]ly if x 0 n haul$ away to rot x 0 usually dump$ into a neighbor+ /ream & !re x did mu* h>m ev5 if we _h ! space x w\ld be impossible to expla9 all ! products n[ made f ! se$ pap] & an excell5t meal = cattle may be made f ! hulls b ! mo/ important products are made f ! k]nels besides mak+ meal = cattle !y are readily conv]t$ into crude oil accord+ to ! degree ( ref9+ t x receives ?is oil may appe> z oil = m9]'s lamps l>d comp\nds or salad oils z an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* mod]n manufactur]s utilize =m] wa/e products ! cotton se$ is supreme4 #b ,:5 y sell y\r old clo!s to ! ragman d y "k t !y come back to y z writ+ pap] because ! metal buttons buckles & hooks t are (t5 left on ! g>m5ts _c be conv]t$ into pap] !y us$ to be a s\rce ( annoyance to ! pap]mak] al?\gh ! clo? sort]s tri$ to remove !m be=e ! g>m5ts w5t into ! pulp vats "s 7 ov]look$ if any f\nd _! way into ! pulp !y tore holes 9 ! pap] & (t5 damag$ ! roll]s 9 ord] t su* dang] may be avoid$ ! pulp is n[ pass$ ?r\gh a s]ies ( magnetiz$ rakes z ! rakes are pass$ to & fro e bit ( metal cl+s to !m :5 a quantity ( su* bits ( iron is collect$ x is s5t to ! f\ndry to return to u 9 _m new =ms4 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,inve/igat+ y\r compla9t ( ! fif? in/ant we f\nd t ! furniture :i* y ord]$ on ! t5? ( la/ mon? left our factory on ! fifte5? if all _h gone well y w\ld h receiv$ ! articles on or ab\t ! tw5tie? z y surmis$ ! delay 9 ! arrival ( ! goods is due to a mi/ake on ! "p ( ! railroad company al?\gh ! goods 7 prop]ly bill$ to y !y 7 all[$ to g on to ,columbus if y d n receive !m )9 t5 days' "t let u he> f y aga94 ,y\rs truly1 #d ,de> ,sir3 ,comply+ ) y\r reque/ ( ! #aj? in/4 ,i am s5d+ y p>ticul>s ( ! prop]ty :i* ,i wi% to sell z ,i told y :5 ,i 0 9 y\r (fice la/ week ! price at :i* ,i am hold+ ! build+ is #bj1jjj if ! buy] pref]s n to assume ! mortgage ( #aj1jjj ,i ?9k ,i c get ! mortgagee to agree to accept pres5t paym5t = ! note t he holds aga9/ me unless ! buy] agrees to pay ! unpaid taxes = la/ ye> & ! assessm5ts levi$ = improvem5ts already made ,i %all n consid] a sale4 ,aft] all prelim9>y arrangem5ts are made if y w prep>e a contract ( sale & =w>d x to me ,i w h ! ab/ract br\ght d[n to date & secur$ by a gu>anty policy4 ,s9ce ,i presume t ! prospective pur*as] has exam9$ ! prop]ty & is satisfi$ to pay ! price = x 9 its pres5t condition ,i w\ld sugge/ t y d no?+ m t[>d secur+ bids = rebuild+ ! por*es4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,ex]cise #ahj ,write five s5t5ces conta9+ initial p>ticipial phrases4 ,write five s5t5ces conta9+ initial adv]bial clauses4 ,ex]cise #aha ,! comma is us$ to sep>ate ! mon? f ! ye>1 ! city f ! c\nty or /ate1 ! company f ! place 9 :i* x is op]at$1 or ! l2 z1 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aiab1 ,i wrote to y f ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton4 ,?is use ( ! comma indicates t words h be5 omitt$1 ! s5t5ce above really mean+1 ,9 ,decemb] ( ! ye> #aiab ,i wrote to y f ,seattle 9 ! /ate ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! same use is %[n 9 su* s5t5ces z1 ,( ! ?ree /5ograph]s ,m>y receiv$ fifte5 doll>s a week2 ,ell51 twelve2 ,susan1 t54 ,rule #e4--,! comma is us$ to indicate ! omission ( words4 ,supply ! necess>y commas 9 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! bonds w be tak5 ov] on or be=e ,octob] #a #aicd4 #b4 ,on ,janu>y #a #aiac ! company _h out/&+ #d1jjj1jjj ( /ock ( ! p> value ( "o doll> a %>e4 #c4 ,! (fices are at ,salt ,lake ,city ,utah4 #d4 ,! transaction 0 (ficially conduct$ betwe5 ! ,p[] ,bond ,%>e ,co4 ,new ,york & ! ,pacific ,p[] ,co4 ,tacoma ,wa%+ton4 #e4 ,a late ann\ncem5t ( ! ,c5sus ,bureau tells u t ! c5t] ( population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is f\r & "o-qu>t] miles s\? ( ,unionville ,monroe ,c\nty ,indiana4 #f4 ,_m me*anical devices 9 common use may be trac$ to ! patt]ns furni%$ by nature4 ,?us ! hog sugge/s ! pl[2 ! butt]fly ! ord9>y h+e2 ! toad/ool ! umbrella2 ! duck ! %ip2 ! fungus gr[? on trees ! bracket4 #g4 ,! p] capita sav+ 9 ! banks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahbj 0 twelve c5ts2 9 #ahcj fifty-f\r c5ts2 9 #ahdj eighty-two c5ts2 9 #ahej #a4hg2 9 #ahfj #d4ge2 9 #ahgj #ad4bf2 9 #ahhj #af4cc2 9 #ahij #bd4ge2 9 #aijj #ca4gh2 9 #aiaj #de4je2 & x is /ill increas+4 #h4 ,! population 9 #ahbj 0 #aj1jjj1jjj & 9 #aiaj #ij1jjj1jjj4 #i4 ,mexico draws ab\t #ee ( h] imports f ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,nic>agua ab\t #ej2 ! o!r ,c5tral ,am]ican /ates f #ce to #ge2 ,v5ezuela #ca2 ,cuba #eb4 #aj4 ,9 "o decade ,g]many's exports to ,lat9-,am]ica h %[n an increase ( #bbb2 ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom an increase ( #aae2 & ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates an increase ( #acj4 ,write five s5t5ces illu/rat+ ,rule #e4 ,ex]cise #ahb--;,explanatory ,expressions ,!re are a numb] ( expressions--words1 phrases1 & clauses--:i* are ins]t$ into ! s5t5ce = cle>ness or emphasis4 ,!y add a bit ( explanation b are n absolutely necess>y4 ,9 o!r words1 !y might be omitt$1 & ! s5t5ce w\ld /ill be cle>4 ,^! may be ( v>i\s k9ds b are all simil> 9 use4 ,!y %\ld be set (f by commas s t ! read] w easily see t !y are subord9ate to ! ma9 idea ( ! s5t5ce4 ,a4 ,! appositive is a ^w or a gr\p ( words ins]t$ lo expla9 ! n\n t x foll[s4 7,see ,ex]cise #hj47 ,expla9 ! use ( ! commas 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,william ,e4 ,curtis1 "o ( ! _w's able/ newspap] correspond5ts1 9 8 w express$ ! hope t 8 gr&son w\ld cont9ue 8 life-"w1 a recital ( ! good t m5 _h done & n ( ! crimes !y _h committ$4 #b4 ,! new device1 ! add+ ma*9e1 has greatly less5$ (fice drudg]y4 #c4 ,wall /reet1 ! great c5t] ( bus9ess life1 fixes /ock prices4 #d4 ,! p 9 mod]ate circum/ances1 ! excell5t middle class ( a c\ntry1 suff] mo/ f ! /ra9 ( high prices4 #e4 ,! ,montreal ,tramways ,company1 ! fir/ company to introduce pay-z-y-ent] c>s1 />t$ its bus9ess 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfa ) a v simple equipm5t1 two horse-drawn sleighs4 #f4 ,! ,e>ly ,gem musk melon1 "o ( ! be/ %ipp+ melons gr[n1 is a cross betwe5 ! ,rocky ,=d & ! ,em]ald ,gre5 v>ieties4 #g4 ,9 mak+ up our collections & b>ga9 (f]s = ?is ye>1 we h arrang$ to put up a ,surprise ,box1 "o hundr$ packages ( select$ vegetable & fl[] se$s4 #h4 ,! ,*9ese ,giant1 a new v>iety ( sweet pepp]1 produces bran*+ plants ab\t two feet 9 height4 #i4 ,amunds51 ! discov]] ( ! s\? pole1 is a native ( ,norway4 ,rule #f4--,! comma is us$ to sep>ate an appositive f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,write five s5t5ces illu/rat+ ! use ( ! comma to set (f an appositive4 ,ex]cise #ahc--;,explanatory ,expressions ,simil> 9 use to appositives are-- ,b4 ,words1 phrases1 or clauses t sep>ate ! subject f ! pr$icate v]b1 ! v]b f its object1 or ! l4 ,9 ! natural ord] ( ! s5t5ce ! v]b imm$iately foll[s ! subject & ! object foll[s ! v]b4 ,:51 = ! purpose ( explanation1 some?+ is ins]t$ betwe5 ! two1 x %\ld be set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,words t are ?us ins]t$ are call$ appositive or p>5!tical expressions & are illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+3 ,9 ,ohio & ,k5tucky ent]pris+ individuals1 evid5tly tak+ ! sugge/ion f ! popul> rural deliv]y s]vice1 h e/abli%$ ice cream r\tes4 ,ice cream wagons travel ! c\ntry roads at /at$ times s t1 ) no m tr\ble ?an is requir$ to answ] ! po/man's :i/le1 dwell]s on ! f>ms c n[ secure ! hot wea!r luxury at reasonable prices4 ,! plan1 s f> z "o c tell f pres5t indications1 gives promise ( meet+ ) great success4 ,rule #g4--,p>5!tical expressions %\ld be set (f by commas4 ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a ,! politics ( ! city z well z ^? ( ! nation mu/ be kept clean4 ,! mo/ intellig5t m5 ( ! community n ! lea/ intellig5t %\ld make our political spee*es & be our political lead]s4 ,! v opposite we mu/ confess is :at we see too (t54 ,_m bus9ess m5 /eadily pursu+ _! own ends dur+ ! day feel t !y _c devote "t to politics4 ,we ne$ n se>* f> to discov] t too _m ( !m ev5 if !y h ! "t d n c>e to give x4 ,at election ! mo/ influ5tial bus9ess & pr(essional m5 ei!r ?r\gh lack ( int]e/ or ?r\gh laz9ess /ay at home in/ead ( go+ to ! polls4 ,! m5 :o are elect$ 9 n9e cases out ( t5 are n fit to hold (fice4 ,! blame belongs e "o w agree to ^? :o d n vote4 #b ,engl& z mo/ p "k is becom+ va/ly int]e/$ 9 ! production ( cotton 9 ! ,s\dan4 ,?is /ate ( affairs = m reasons ?an "o is a matt] ( int]e/ to ! ,am]ican manufactur] z well z to ! ,am]ican cotton plant]4 ,egyptian cotton rank+ next to our own sea-isl& 9 l5g? & /r5g? ( fib] is want$ because ( ! brilliant f9i% x gives4 ,= ! manufacture ( f9e goods includ+ sate5s ,india l95s & m]c]iz$ goods z well z = mix+ ) silk x has be5 f\nd v valuable4 ,cotton gr[]s expect t ! enl>gem5t ( ! ,ass\an dam w ev5tually r$eem ab\t a million acres f ! des]t 9 ,l[] ,egypt & al?\gh n m ?an half w probably be plant$ to cotton x w increase ,egypt's output ab\t tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ,our ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture aft] hav+ exp]im5t$ = ye>s has develop$ & acclimat$ 9 ,cali=nia a v>iety ( ,egyptian cotton sup]ior sev]al exp]ts say to ! real ,egyptian4 ,x n[ re/s ) ! plant]s any "o c see to decide :e!r ,am]ican manufactur]s w get _! f9e cotton at home or abroad4--,! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal4 #c ,= sev]al reasons "s ( !m c]ta9ly unwor?y p on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic are talk+ ( ! p]ils ( a yell[ invasion4 ,x is true t 9 ! pa/ v>i\s invasions h be5 att5d$ ) evil b civilization has pass$ on into an age :5 migrations ev5 ! mightie/ t ! _w has se5 are tak+ place sil5tly & /eadily = ! good ( all4 ,!re is no reason to suppose t ! ov]fl[ & int]fl[ ( nations h]et(ore synonym\s ) ! progress ( humanity %\ld br+ to u any?+ b good4 ,comm]ce is to lead ! van 9 ! new movem5t ( ! nations z x has 9 ! pa/ & ! m]*ant consci\sly or unconsci\sly is go+ to anticipate & guide ! /atesman4--,! ,comm]cial & ,f9ancial ,*ronicle4 #d ,! prevail+ _s at lea/ among a c]ta9 class ( "y bus9ess m5 seems to be t ! sav+ ( little ?+s 9 ! c\rse ( ! day consumes "t entirely out ( proportion to ! value ( ! ?+s sav$ b l all g5]al rules x is c>ri$ too f> by "y m5 :o c\ld h>dly employ _! "t to bett] advantage ?an 9 sav+ good ?\gh m9or mat]ials t w\ld o!rwise be lo/4 ,! man :o orig9at$ ! idea probably f\nd x correct = himself b l all pr9ciples cat]+ to indiff]5ce reg>d+ details ! idea is too readily adopt$ by _m "y m5 :o c ill af=d its practice4 ,no "o wi%es a man to be p>simoni\s b he %\ld n all[ any?+ to be wa/$ :i* c ) a reasonable ex]cise ( ef=t be sav$4 ,ex]cise #ahd--;,explanatory ,expressions ,c4 ,indep5d5t elem5ts are words1 phrases1 or clauses t h no direct grammatical relation ) any o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,!y are really a k9d ( p>5!tical expression1 b h less connection ) ! s5t5ce ?an ^? giv5 "u ,b4 ,! foll[+ is an argum5t aga9/ ! tru/s4 ,! italiciz$ expressions are indep5d5t elem5ts4 ,:at diff]5t k9ds d y discov]8 ,g5tlem51 ! big problem be=e u to-day1 !re=e1 is ! tru/s4 ,%all ! p control ! tru/s1 or %all ! tru/s control ! p8 ,to /ate ! "q diff]5tly1 %all we all cont9ue to keep a voice 9 gov]nm5t1 or %all we turn our p[] ov] into ! h&s ( a few & let _! ^w be law8 ,?is c5traliz+ ( p[]1 by ! way1 0 ! evil m5 tri$ to rem$y by =m+ republics1 & %all we ,am]icans1 d y ?9k1 be will+ to sacrifice all t has be5 ga9$ = u ( lib]ty8 ,! answ] be+ self-evid5t1 let u proce$4 ,x seems t ! little violator ( law c be puni%$2 ! big violator _c be1 or1 at any rate1 is n puni%$4 ,! tru/s1 mo/ p "k1 are =m$ to de/roy competition4 ,_! reason = de/roy+ competition1 evid5tly1 is to swell pr(its by *>g+ all t ! trade w be>4 ,! tru/1 f9ally1 is n a me?od ( do+ bus9ess1 b a s*eme = levy+ tribute4 ,rule #h4--;,indep5d5t elem5ts are sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a ,,new ,,york1 ,may #ab1 #ai--4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,r4 ,/ev5son1 #ejaj ,prospect ,ave41 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,de> ,sir3 ,y are no d\bt n[ plann+ y\r summ] vacation be=e y make any new plans h[ev] consid] ! opportunity t we are (f]+ y to see a new & m>vel\sly beautiful _w = little m v likely ?an ! co/ ( an ord9>y vacation at ! summ] hotel to :i* y usually g4 ,! idea ( summ] travel 9 ! ,tropics x may be is new to y comp>atively few p un=tunately h yet awak5$ to its possibilities !y d n realize at lea/ n fully t ! climate 9 ,jamaica ,panama & ! ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ican c\ntries is practically ! same ?r\gh\t ! ye> moreov] ! transportation rates are mu* l[] ?an !y are 9 ! ,nor? & ! incid5tal exp5ses ( travel su* z c>riage f>e & ! co/ ( curios are consid]ably less r\gh wea!r too is almo/ unkn[n 9 ! summ]4 ,possibly z y live on ! %ores ( ,lake ,mi*igan y h be5 consid]+ a week's cruise ( ! great lakes at an exp5se c]ta9ly ( #dj or m & along coa/s t y h se5 d\btless _m times be=e we (f] a numb] ( trips v>y+ 9 l5g? f twelve to tw5ty-f\r days & 9 co/ f #ej to #acj to ,jamaica ,panama & ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica ?us = t5 doll>s m y may sail twice z long pass %ores mu* m beautiful visit cities f> m /range & return ) a new almo/ magical /ore ( memories4 ,y are wond]+ p]haps h[ x is t we c (f] ^! rem>kably l[ rates ! reason briefly told is t our %ips c>ry an exceptionally l>ge am\nt ( freight h[ev] d n ?9k m]ely because our %ips c>ry freight t !y are n spl5didly equipp$ = pass5g] travel on ! o!r h& !y are s luxuri\sly furni%$ t !y are especially fitt$ = tropical cruises y are miss+ an unusual opportunity we assure y if y d n m fully inve/igate our (f]4 ,y\rs v truly1 #b ,we are le>n+ ye> by ye> t z a rule f9ancial indep5d5ce _c be secur$ by mo/ m5 except by sav+ ! sav+s bank is ( c\rse ! fir/ place to inve/ sav+s because x w receive small sums & pay an int]e/ on !m :5 a man's sav+s h[ev] h rea*$ #ajjj = example :at %all he d ) 8 money he has n ! "t or ! k probably to wat* 8 inve/m5ts he wi%es !re=e to put 8 money :]e x w be safe :]e x w e>n a fair rate ( int]e/ & if possible :]e he c on %ort notice conv]t x into ca%4 #c ,a man is an inve/or usually at lea/ by virtue ( 8 sav+s a woman on ! o!r h& inve/s because %e has receiv$ a legacy ?is may take ! =m ( c\rse ( prop]ty securities ca% or life insurance x is ! function ( s\nd inve/m5t mo/ p "k to surr\nd funds ( ?is nature ) /rong security ! selection ( cons]vative inve/m5ts x is evid5t mu/ be made ) c>e ^? companies naturally t deal 9 cons]vative securities are ! ones a prospective inve/or %\ld consult4 #d ,n long ago ! editor ( a f9ancial j\rnal receiv$ a lett] ( inquiry f a woman %e _h %e said only two ?\s& doll>s if %e inve/$ x z "s ( h] fri5ds _h advis$ h] to d 9 a well-kn[n security %e c\ld n live on ! proce$s %e _h consequ5tly made a connection ) a brok]age h\se & 0 mak+ a liv+ by buy+ & sell+ speculative /ocks h] li/ by ! way %[$ a pr(it ( #ejj 9 f\r mon?s :at %e want$ to "k ( c\rse 0 h[ %e c\ld make ! ga9 a second "t 9 effect %e 0 told to take h] pr(its & run z fa/ z %e c\ld %e w n 9 all probability take ! advice & 9 a few mon?s possibly weeks %e w write aga9 = help 9 rescu+ h] la/ few hundr$ doll>s %e w h le>n$ at la/ t ! way to keep h] money is to save x b %e w n by t "t 9 all likelihood h any money to save4 ,ex]cise #ahe--;,explanatory ,expressions ,d4 ,! explanatory relative clause4 ,simil> to ! appositive is ! explanatory relative clause4 ,l an appositive1 x is ins]t$ into ! s5t5ce = ! purpose ( explanation & is sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,because ( ?is simil>ity1 x is sometimes call$ an appositive relative clause4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 punctuation to di/+ui% a clause t may be omitt$ f ! s5t5ce )\t de/roy+ ! mean+ f "o t may n be omitt$4 ,! appositive clause may be omitt$4 ,a re/rictive clause1 because x re/ricts ! mean+ ( ! ^w x modifies1 may n be omitt$4 ,because x is ne$$ = ! sake ( cle>ness1 x is n sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,to di/+ui% an appositive clause f a re/rictive clause1 ! =m] is call$ a non-re/rictive clause4 ,notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! ,commonweal? ,edison ,company1 :i* controls ! electric light & p[] supply ( ,*icago1 0 organiz$ 9 #aijg by ! consolidation ( ! ,*icago ,edison ,company & ! ,commonweal? ,electric ,company4 ,! s5t5ce makes complete s5se )\t ! relative clause4 #b4 ,! conc]n t controls ! electric light & p[] supply ( ,*icago is ! ,commonweal? ,edison ,company4 ,! relative clause mu/ be us$ to und]/& ! s5t5ce4 ,9 7#a7 ! relative clause gives an additional idea4 ,9 7#b7 x limits or re/ricts ! mean+ ( ! conc]n4 ,! non-re/rictive clause is %[n 9 7#a71 ! re/rictive clause 9 7#b74 ,dictation to illu/rate non-re/rictive clauses3 ,x is e/imat$ t ,*icago annually uses #ic1dej1jjj gallons ( milk1 = :i* x pays ov] #bh1jjj1jjj4 ,to supply ?is am\nt #abj1jjj c[s are ne$$1 :i* are own$ by #ab1jjj dairy f>ms4 ,heal? (fic]s conduct a sy/ematic dairy f>m inspection1 :i* has = its purpose ! exclusion ( diseas$ milk4 ,f>m own]s1 :o =m]ly object$ to ! inspection1 n[ see t cleanl9ess is pr(itable4 ,au?orities h discov]$ t milk1 :i* easily absorbs g]ms1 is dang]\s except :5 produc$ "u sanit>y conditions1 & n[ dairies are all[$ to sell only clean1 pure milk1 :i* is milk giv5 by a heal?y c[4 ,phrases z well z clauses may be re/rictive4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces decide :e!r ! italiciz$ expressions are re/rictive or non-re/rictive4 ,/ate :e!r !y are phrases or clauses4 ,d any ( ! s5t5ces ne$ commas8 #a4 ,! man we>+ ! br[n coat is my bro!r4 #b4 ,my bro!r b\ght a new coat :i* is br[n4 #c4 ,! lesson t ,i take at n9e o'clock is ,engli%4 #d4 ,9 ,engli% :i* ,i take at n9e o'clock we are /udy+ punctuation4 #e4 ,i am go+ to "w 9 e city t ,i visit4 #f4 ,i am go+ to "w 9 any city :]e ,i c f9d employm5t4 #g4 ,i am go+ to "w 9 ,d5v] :]e my uncle lives4 #h4 ,! h\se on ! hill is ! olde/ 9 t[n4 #i4 ,! h\se t is ! olde/ 9 t[n is us$ z a museum4 #aj4 ,! ,frankl9 ,museum :i* occupies ! olde/ h\se 9 t[n is a v int]e/+ place4 #aa4 ,! t[n museum is ! place t ,i l to visit4 #ab4 ,! *imney t 0 bl[n d[n la/ night 9 ! /orm %\ld h be5 m5d$ long ago4 #ac4 ,! old ru9$ t[] :i* has long be5 a picturesque sight 9 ! village 0 bl[n d[n la/ night4 #ad4 ,we c\nt$ t5 *imneys t 7 bl[n d[n la/ night4 #ae4 ,! /5ography sy/em t ,i /udi$ is ,munson's4 #af4 ,i ?9k %e uses ,munson's :i* %e consid]s a good sy/em ( /5ography4 #ag4 ,la/ ye> ,i pursu$ a c\rse 9 /5ography :i* ,i enjoy$ v mu*4 #ah4 ,! book t we use 9 class has a br[n cov]4 #ai4 ,! only milk t is fit to dr9k comes f a clean dairy4 #bj4 ,sy/ematic inspection has be5 c>ri$ on :i* has result$ 9 secur+ bett] milk4 ,rule #i4--;,a non-re/rictive clause %\ld be sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas4 ,ex]cise #ahf ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a4 ,we h an enorm\s crop ( cotton ! value ( :i* is e/imat$ at "o billion doll>s4 #b4 ,! root ( ! mail ord] evil is ! idea :i* ! retail mail ord] h\ses h be5 able someh[ to in/ill into ! m9ds ( ! buy+ public t ! local m]*ants ask too mu* = _! goods4 #c4 ,mr4 ,hilton :o 0 sales manag] at t "t induc$ ! company to adopt ?is sy/em4 #d4 ,! lecture w be deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,br5ton :o is ! head ( ! adv]tis+ dep>tm5t ( ,:itlock ,co4 #e4 ,our dog ^: fur 0 wet by 8 plunge into ! lake came runn+ t[>d u4 #f4 ,g5evieve :o _h always be5 ! lead] 9 ! games 0 n pres5t4 #g4 ,a late product ( ! bra9 ( ,george ,we/+h\se :o 0 ! inv5tor ( ! air brake & num]\s electrical devices is an air spr+ = automobiles4 ,?is little article has be5 pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,we/+h\se :o has ! sole own]%ip4 ,! spr+ :i* has already prov$ popul> ) automobile own]s fits ov] ! end ( ! regul> spr+ & makes good roads out ( bad ones4 #h4 ,c>eful selection ( inve/m5ts ^u :i* ! safety ( y\r money dep5ds is (t5 difficult4 ,c>eful wat*+ ( inve/m5ts :i* is fully z ess5tial is mu* h>d]4 ,let u tell y ab\t our ,inve/m5t ,s]vice :i* does ?is wat*+ = y & keeps y fully protect$4 #i4 ,z a direct result ( ! conf]5ce betwe5 ! railroad & /eam%ip int]e/s ( ! ,s\?-,atlantic & ,gulf cotton ports :i* 0 held rec5tly at ,hot ,spr+s ,va4 an organization :i* w be kn[n z ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,/eam%ip ,cotton ,inspection ,bureau has be5 creat$4 ,! bureau w h a *ief inspector :o w sup]vise ! conduct ( its bus9ess at all ports & w arrange = ! employm5t ( ! inspectors4 ,accord+ to ! rules & regulations copies ( :i* h be5 receiv$ by ! cotton ag5cies & ! export dep>tm5ts ( ! v>i\s ,new ,orleans firms any bale t %[s ext]nal damage f wat] mud bad bagg+ or o!r causes mu/ be condemn$ & its condition not$ & report$4 #aj4 ,h[ w\ld y l to we> a hat t has be5 h&$ d[n ?r\gh six g5]ations 9 ea* ( :i* x 0 a treasur$ possession8 ,! ,italian peasants :o love f9]y are pr\d to d t v ?+4 ,v few ( ! poor] p :o live 9 ,italy own a hat4 ,:5 y see a beautifully wov5 ,leghorn hat :i* is also v dirty on ! head ( a little peasant *ild y may be pretty sure t %e is celebrat+ h] bir?day by we>+ ! family heirloom4 ,^! hats :i* are sometimes will$ to a favorite relative & :i* 9 "s in/ances g ! r\nd ( ! family are consid]$ almo/ priceless4 ,x is a frequ5t sight along ! du/y roads outside ! little t[ns to see untidy old wom5 :o are saunt]+ along twi/+ tw9e z !y g all vanity "u ! flopp+ brim ( an antiquat$ hat4 ,?is is almo/ ! only s\v5ir t t\ri/s' money _c buy4--,! ,*icago ,tribune4 ,ex]cise #ahg--;,explanatory ,expressions ,e4 ,:5 ! subord9ate elem5t t comes at or ne> ! close ( ! s5t5ce gives an additional idea1 foll[+ ! m or less complete idea 9 ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 x %\ld be set (f by a comma2 z1 ,a signature cl]k w easily recognize any alt]ation 9 a signature1 al?\gh ?\s&s ( *ecks pass ?r\gh 8 h&s daily4 ,he gave a /atem5t ( ! affairs ( ! company1 expla9+ t he wi%$ to make a loan4 ,rule #aj4--;,a t]m9al adv]bial clause or p>ticipial phrase giv+ an additional idea %\ld be set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a4 ,popul>-pric$ goods are ! safe/ = a retail /ock h[ev] y consid] ! subject4 #b4 ,a %]iff seldom f9ds l>ge quantities ( popul>-pric$ goods on h& :5 he comes to take possession ( any retail /ore al?\gh he usually f9ds exp5sive articles4 #c4 ,!y br+ high] prices relatively ?an ! heavi] ?+s ev5 :5 !y are dispos$ ( "u =c$ sale4 #d4 ,! catalogue h\ses h little fe> = five-&-t5-c5t /ores because sixty-eight p] c5t ( _! bus9ess is 9 big goods su* z furniture vehicles sew+-ma*9es clo?+ & relatively exp5sive ?+s4 ,!y d n wi% to increase ! sale ( popul>-pric$ articles al?\gh _! catalogue may be full ( !m because x co/s !m m to pack "o hamm] or tr[el ?an ! pr(its c /&4 #e4 ,/eel conditions rema9 ab\t z !y h be5 = sev]al weeks except+ t ! price ( rails has be5 advanc+ = ! la/ few days4 #f4 ,/eel m5 are ( ! op9ion t to increase prices too rapidly w\ld spoil a good m>ket because mo/ ( ! mills are s fill$ up ) ord]s t !y w\ld n be able to take advantage ( increas$ quotations = "s "t to come4 #g4 ,! /eel bus9ess = ! la/ ?ree mon?s has be5 v enc\rag+ z x %[s t railroads are dropp+ _! policy ( wait+ until ! la/ m9ute to buy4 ,x w probably mean m normal op]ation ( mills in/ead ( spasmodic work+s z has be5 ! case = ! la/ few ye>s4 #h4 ,boraxat$ soap *ips w b5efit y\r tablew>e & y\r h&s mak+ di%wa%+ a pleasure in/ead ( a task4 #i4 ,! man :o works to ! limit ( 8 physical p[]s is z fooli% z ! manufactur] :o imm$iately inve/s all 8 pr(its 9 8 bus9ess neglect+ to h a res]ve fund = unexpect$ dem&s4 #aj4 ,a wide-awake manag] tries plan aft] plan te/+ & re-te/+ !m until he c apply !m to 8 company's ne$s4 ,write f\r s5t5ces illu/rat+ ,rule #aj4 ,ex]cise #ahh ,punctuate ! foll[+ lett]s1 supply+ a head+ & an introduction = ea*3 #a ,de> ,madam3 ,we wi% to ackn[l$ge y\r lett] ( rec5t date assur+ y t we ?ank y = ! opportunity y h giv5 u ( op5+ a mon?ly *>ge acc\nt 9 y\r "n4 ,we %all sp>e no ef=t to make e transaction z satisfactory z possible hop+ ?us to m]it a lib]al %>e ( y\r patronage4 ,our bills are r5d]$ on ! fir/ ( ea* mon? be+ payable betwe5 t date & ! fifte5?4 ,y\rs v truly1 #b ,de> ,mr4 ,w>n]3 ,9 reply to y\r inquiry ,i am s5d+ ! foll[+ in=mation assur+ y t ,i am glad to be ( s]vice to y4 ,! ,lanca/] ,company has app>5tly ab&on$ its plan ( erect+ a new build+ ?is ye> difficulties hav+ aris5 x is said 9 _! secur+ a suitable location4 ,ab\t two ye>s ago ! firm pur*as$ a site on ! corn] ( ,h>rison & ,second /reets b !y sold x aga9 la/ ye> tak+ advantage ( a decid$ rise 9 real e/ate values4 ,x is und]/ood we believe t ! company w build 9 ! ne> future ev5 n[ hav+ two or ?ree possible sites "u consid]ation4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,we (f] y ! b5efits & privileges ( our ,special ,*>ge ,acc\nt :]eby pur*ases may be paid = 9 weekly or mon?ly in/allm5ts4 ,y w f9d ?is a mo/ conv5i5t arrangem5t because x p]mits y to h a *>ge acc\nt )\t ! usual h>d%ip ( paym5t at a fix$ "t4 ,moreov] a ,special ,*>ge ,acc\nt co/s y no?+ s9ce our prices are ! same :e!r y pay ca% or h pur*ases *>g$4 ,please fill out ! enclos$ application blank mail+ x to u to-day4 ,y w no d\bt enjoy read+ ! enclos$ booklet z x gives mu* int]e/+ in=mation on fa%ion t5d5cies4 ,! illu/rations too are unusually attractive al?\gh !y h>dly d ju/ice to ! beautiful g>m5ts t we sell4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #ahi ,/udy ! punctuation 9 ! foll[+ selections f ,! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal2 !n write !m f dictation3 #a ,,tr\ble ,,9 ,,introduc+ ,,/eel ,/range z x n[ seems1 said "o ( ,c>negie's "y m51 n[ ! vice-presid5t ( a l>ge & prosp]\s corporation 9 ,new ,york1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! /eel indu/ry we _h ! greate/ difficulty 9 ! _w 9 wean+ ! old manufactur]s away f ! use ( wr\ght iron1 ?\gh !y admitt$ ! sup]iority ( /eel4 ,!y w\ld look at x1 te/ x1 & agree t x seem$ to possess all ! desirable qualities claim$ = x1 b x 0 m or less untri$ by "t1 & !y pref]r$ to /ick to ! old wr\ght iron1 ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,i rememb] "o old *ap ) :om ,i _h wre/l$ long1 b 9 va91 com+ into my (fice & pick+ up a long1 s(t /eel rivet1 :i* _h be5 b5t d\ble & hamm]$ flat4 ',h[ _m did y break 9 mak+ ?is8' he ask$1 pick+ x up & exam9+ x curi\sly4 ',t's ! fir/ "o we hamm]$ ov]1 &1 :at is m to ! po9t1 we c d x ) all /eel ( t type1' ,i repli$4 ,! polite incr$ulity 9 8 face /irr$ my pr(essional pride1 & ,i said1 ',if ,i let y g to ! mills1 pick out a doz5 ( ^? rivets j z !y come f ! rolls1 & hamm] !m ) y\r own h&s1 w y use t /eel h]eaft]1 if x comes up to ! te/8' ,he said he w\ld1 & ! re/ 0 easy1 = x is mu* easi] n to break ?an to break t k9d ( /eel4 ,be=e long ! old man came back ) p]spiration dripp+ f ! end ( 8 nose b ) ! light ( conviction %9+ 9 8 eye4 ,! firm _h a new cu/om]4 #b ,,cons]vation ,leslie ,m4 ,%aw1 =m] ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 0 9 ,new ,york1 att5d+ a meet+ ( a bo>d ( :i* he is a memb]4 ,some?+ 0 said ab\t ! pres5t-day discussion ( money p[]1 & ,%aw said t x rem9d$ him ( a spee* he _h made 9 ,seattle 9 ! campaign ( #ahif4 ,i 0 speak+ to a fill$ hall & _h almo/ f9i%$1 said ,%aw1 :5 a long-:isk]$ man arose ab\t ! middle ( ! hall & held up 8 h&1 say+ he want$ to ask a "q4 ',g ahead1' ,i said4 ',h[1 !n1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 d y expla9 ! unequal di/ribution ( weal?8' 0 8 "q4 ,:5 ,i answ]$ him )1 ',9 ! same way t ,i expla9 ! unequal di/ribution ( :isk]s1' b$lam broke loose4 ,z soon z ,i c\ld get quiet re/or$1 ,i said3 ',n[ don't ?9k ,i return$ ! answ] ,i did to make fun ( y\r :isk]s4 ,y w obs]ve t ,i h no :isk]s1 z ,i dissipate !m by %av+ !m (f4 ,nature gives me abundance ( :isk]s1 &1 if ,i cons]v$ !m z y d1 ,i also %\ld be abundantly suppli$4 ,n[1 x is ! same way ) money4 ,! man :o cons]ves 8 money has m ?an 8 %>e1 z ) :isk]s2 :ile ! man :o dissipates 8 money is )\t 8 allotm5t4' ,ex]cise #aij--,! ,semicolon 727 ,! semicolon is us$ betwe5 ! propositions ( a comp\nd s5t5ce :5 no cord9ate conjunction is us$4 7,see ,ex]cise #agf1 #b47 ,x is n "w t kills m52 x is worry4 ,x is important n to ov]do ?is use ( ! semicolon4 ,d n use x unless ! two pr9cipal clauses ( ! s5t5ce tak5 toge!r easily =m "o idea4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 n to confuse cord9ate conjunctions & conjunctive adv]bs4 ,! foll[+ are conjunctive adv]bs3 !n1 !re=e1 consequ5tly1 moreov]1 h[ev]1 s1 also1 besides1 ?us1 /ill1 o!rwise1 accord+ly4 ,:5 !y are us$ to jo9 pr9cipal clauses1 !y %\ld be prec$$ by a cord9ate conjunction or a semicolon2 z1 ,fruit 0 pl5tiful1 & !re=e ! price 0 l[4 ,fruit 0 pl5tiful2 !re=e ! price 0 l[4 ,:5 !re is a s]ies ( phrases or clauses1 ea* ( :i* is long & conta9s commas )9 itself1 ! s5t5ce becomes cle>] if ! memb]s ( ! s]ies are sep>at$ by semicolons in/ead ( by commas2 z1 ,y "k h[ prolific ! ,am]ican m9d has be5 9 inv5tion2 h[ mu* civilization has be5 advanc$ by ! /eamboat1 ! cotton-g91 ! sew+-ma*9e1 ! reap+-ma*9e1 ! typewrit]1 ! electric light1 ! telephone1 ! phonograph4 ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,no man c d5y t ! l9es ( endeavor h m & m n>r[$ & /iff5$2 no "o :o kn[s any?+ ab\t ! developm5t ( indu/ry 9 ?is c\ntry c fail to h obs]v$ t ! l>g] k9ds ( cr$it are m & m difficult to obta91 unless y obta9 !m ^u ! t]ms ( unit+ y\r ef=ts ) ^? :o already control ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry2 & nobody c fail to obs]ve t any man :o tries to set himself up 9 competition ) any process ( manufacture :i* has be5 tak5 "u ! control ( l>ge comb9ations ( capital w pres5tly f9d himself ei!r squeez$ out or oblig$ to sell & all[ himself to be absorb$4--,woodr[ ,wilson3 ,! ,new ,fre$om4 #b ,if ! total am\nt ( sav+s deposit$ 9 ! sav+s banks 7 equally divid$ among ! population ( ! c\ntry1 ! am\nt apportion$ to ea* p]son 9 #ahbj w\ld h be5 twelve c5ts2 9 #ahcj1 fifty-f\r c5ts2 9 #ahdj1 eighty-two c5ts2 9 #ahej1 #a4hg2 9 #ahfj1 #d4ge2 9 #ahgj1 #ad4bf2 9 #ahhj1 #af4cc2 9 #ahij1 #bd4ge2 9 #aijj1 #ca4gh2 9 #aiaj1 #de4je1 & x is /eadily increas+4 ,rememb] ! fact t ! population _h increas$ f #aj1jjj1jjj 9 #ahbj to ov] #ij1jjj1jjj 9 #aiaj2 ! ra9y day money1 !re=e1 assumes gigantic proportions4 #c ,9 ,g]many1 says ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 wood is too exp5sive to be burn$1 & x is made into artificial silk wor? two doll>s a p\nd & bri/les wor? f\r doll>s a p\nd2 into pap]1 y>n1 tw9e1 c>pet1 canvas1 & clo?4 ,p>quet floor+ is made f sawdu/2 ! mat]ials may be b\ght by ! p\nd & !n mix$1 s t ! h\sehold] c lay 8 own h>dwood floors accord+ to 8 individual ta/e & +5uity4 #d ,! c\ntry g5tlem5 & c\ntry cl]gym5 _h fully expect$ t ! policy ( ^! m9i/]s w\ld be directly oppos$ to t :i* _h be5 almo/ con/antly foll[$ by ,william2 t ! l&$ int]e/ w\ld be favor$ at ! exp5se ( trade2 t no addition w\ld be made to ! fund$ debt2 t ! privileges conc$$ to ,diss5t]s by ! late k+ w\ld be curtail$1 if n )drawn2 t ! w> ) ,france1 if !re mu/ be su* a w>1 w\ld1 on our "p1 be almo/ entirely naval2 & t ! gov]nm5t w\ld avoid close connections ) =eign p[]s &1 above all1 ) ,holl&4--,macaulay4 ,ex]cise #aia--,! ,colon 737 ,! colon is always us$ to indicate t some?+ ( importance foll[s1 usually an enum]ation or a li/ ( "s k9d1 or a quotation ( sev]al s5t5ces or p>agraphs2 z1 #a4 ,?ree ?+s are necess>y3 intellig5ce1 p]sev]ance1 & tact4 #b4 ,! buffalo supplies !m ) almo/ all ! necessities ( life3 ) habitation1 food1 & clo?+2 ) /r+s = _! b[s2 ) ?read1 cordage1 & trail-ropes = _! horses2 ) cov]+s = _! saddles2 & ) ! means ( pur*as+ all t !y desire f trad]s4 #c4 ,quot+ f ! curr5t numb] ( ! ---- ,magaz9e1 he read3 7f\r p>agraphs74 ,punctuate3 #a4 ,= ! fir/ fifty miles we _h companions ) u ,tro*e a little trapp] & ,r\ville a nondescript 9 ! employ ( ! fur company4 #b4 ,ab\t a week previ\s f\r m5 _h arriv$ f beyond ! m\nta9s ,sublette ,r$dick & two o!rs4 #c4 ,reynal 0 gaz+ int5tly he began to speak at la/ ,_m a "t :5 ,i 0 ) ! ,indians ,i h be5 hunt+ gold all ?r\gh ! ,black ,hills !re's a pl5ty ( x "h y may be c]ta9 ( t ,i h dream$ ab\t x fifty times etc4 #d4 ,objects famili> f *ildhood surr\nd$ me crags & rocks a black & sull5 brook t gurgl$ ) a holl[ voice among ! crevices a wood ( mossy di/ort$ trees4 ,ex]cise #aib ,! colon is us$ aft] ?us1 z foll[s1 ! foll[+1 or simil> expressions2 z1 ,"n ! adv]bs 9 ! foll[+3 ,he left hurri$ly r e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,! colon is n us$ aft] namely1 z1 t is1 = example1 = in/ance1 & ! l4 ,su* expressions are prec$$ by ! semicolon & foll[$ by ! comma4 ,punctuate ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! ,*ri/mas pres5ts t he wants are ! foll[+ a toy tra9 a toy automobile a toy circus & a pr9t+ press4 #b4 ,d ! ex]cise ?us fir/ lunge to ! left second raise ! arms =w>d & ?ird w9d ! w&4 #c4 ,we are (f]+ = sale ?ree resid5ces ( ! size t y wi% namely #dch ,bi%op ,ave #afad ,w9*e/] ,/ & #bjae ,logan ,squ>e4 #d4 ,! foll[+ are ! two t we lik$ be/ #dch ,bi%op ,ave & #bjae ,logan ,squ>e4 #e4 ,"o use ( ! comma is to set (f an appositive = example ,mr ,ke>ne ! buy] has left ! city4 #f4 ,! comma is us$ to set (f an indep5d5t adv]b z ,we h n yet decid$ h[ev] :5 we %all leave4 #g4 ,! plan is ?is ,i'll d ! "w & y pay = ! mat]ials4 #h4 ,! (fic]s are z foll[s ,edw>d ,lawr5ce = ,presid5t ,john ,kelly = ,secret>y & ,fr$ ,morrison = ,treasur]4 ,ex]cise #aic--,! ,da%7--7 ,! da% is us$ to set (f p>5!tical expressions t h v little connection ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,9 ,new ,york ! ,h>lem ,riv] tunnel 0 comp>atively a simple "o1 b ! fir/ ,ea/ ,riv] tunnels--! two subway tubes f ! ,batt]y to ,brooklyn--pres5t$ all ! difficulties kn[n to subaque\s con/ruction4 ,^! tunnels ext5d on "u ! great ,p5nsylvania t]m9al build+--ano!r ( ! same decade's accompli%m5ts--to ,ea/ ,?irty-f\r? ,/reet4 ,! da% is also us$ to indicate a sudd5 *ange or break 9 ! ?\ght2 z1 #a4 ,:5 ! mill5nium comes--if x ev] does--all ( our problems w be solv$4 #b4 ,i believe-- began ! lawy]4 ,believe6 int]rupt$ 8 cli5t4 ,i don't want y to believe4 ,i want y to "k4 ,! da% is us$ be=e a ^w t summ>izes ! prec$+ "p ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,he _h robb$ himself ( ! mo/ preci\s ?+ a man c h 9 bus9ess--8 fri5ds4 ,aft] a comma ! da% has ! effect ( l5g!n+ ! sep>ation2 z1 ,"o ?+ ! ,puritans desir$1--fre$om to wor%ip ,god4 ,ex]cise #aid--,p>5!sis ,m>ks 77 ,p>5!sis m>ks are us$ to enclose explanatory expressions t are n an ess5tial "p ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture e/imates t ! receipts ( cattle at ! six lead+ m>kets 7,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,kansas ,city1 ,s\? ,omaha1 ,/4 ,joseph1 & ,si\x ,city7 f ,janu>y #a to ,augu/ #a ( ?is ye> are #ae p] c5t less ?an !y 7 9 ! correspond+ p]iod ( la/ ye>4 ,wrong4--,d n use p>5!sis m>ks to cancel a ^w or a passage4 ,a l9e %\ld be drawn ?r\gh a ^w t is wrong4 ,br+ to class five s5t5ces t illu/rate ! correct use ( p>5!sis m>ks4 ,ex]cise #aie--,! ,hyph5 7-7 ,! hyph5 is us$ :5 a ^w has be5 divid$4 ,x is always us$ at ! end ( ! l9e & nev] at ! beg9n+4 ,:5 sev]al %ort words are tak5 toge!r to =m "o ^w1 !y are hyph5at$2 z1 a "o-hundr$-p\nd bag ( c(fee ,z a rule1 :5 two words tak5 toge!r are ea* acc5t$1 !y mu/ be writt5 ) ! hyph54 ,:5 only "o is acc5t$1 no hyph5 is us$2 z1 foll[-up1 fir/-class1 self-reliant1 railroad1 /eam%ip ,z a rule1 n\ns :i* are comp\nd$ ( a p>ticiple & a n\n use ! hyph52 z1 talk+-ma*9e1 driv+-:eel ,:5 fractions are writt5 out1 ! hyph5 is us$2 z1 "o-?ird1 ?ree-fif?s ,9 o!r num]als express+ a comp\nd numb] ! hyph5 is also us$2 z1 tw5ty-"o1 sixty-six ,ex]cise #aif ,punctuate ! foll[+ lett]s1 supply+ a head+ & an introduction = ea*3 #a ,g5tlem53 ,we are glad to tell y t contr>y to ! fe>s express$ 9 y\r la/ lett] !re are no pres5t indications ( sudd5 *anges at lea/ no indications ( drops 9 prices4 ,) ! exception ( two fruits & "o vegetable grapes cantal\pes & caulifl[] all commodities sold on ! :olesale fruit & produce m>kets "h 7 quot$ ye/]day at ! prices ann\nc$ la/ ,friday4 ,! *ange 9 grape prices affect$ ! ,r$ ,p]u v>iety 9 :i* ! supply has almo/ /opp$ ! price be+ rais$ f #a4je to #a4be a box4 ,if "o may tru/ ! =eca/ ( local m]*ants ! price w probably rema9 at ?is high] po9t until ! supply is exhau/$4 ,cantal\pes seem to be a trifle sc>ce especially ! p9eapple v>iety ! price ( :i* 0 rais$ f #a4aj to #a4cj a crate4 ,caulifl[] 0 rais$ to #a4ce a doz5 heads ! /aple price probably = ! re/ ( ! season4 ,except+ ^! items we %all be glad to receive any ord]s at ,friday's quotations4 ,y\rs truly1 #b ,g5tlem53 ,y\r ord] ( ! #bj? in/ant =w>d$ f our ,tr5ton (fice came ?is morn+4 ,we regret to say h[ev] t we d n c>ry ! ,sanito br& ( cann$ goods z we d n consid] ! grade fir/-class4 ,if ! ,monsoon br& :i* is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be excell5t w s]ve y\r purpose we c fill y\r ord] at once4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to supply ! trade ) ,mrs4 ,kell]'s c(fee ( :i* we h =tunately secur$ sev]al ?\s& packages at a v l[ price4 ,if y wi% any at #b4ej p] doz5 packages less ?an half ! retail price y w notice let u he> f y at once4 ,y\rs truly1 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,we ackn[l$ge y\r lett] ( ,octob] #e b we regret t z yet we h no in=mation 9 reg>d to ! excess *>ge ( #a4jb :i* y 7 oblig$ to pay on ! express %ipm5t ( "o piece #bg yds4 ( plaid silk *iffon4 ,we h tak5 up ! matt] ) ! mill h[ev] & z soon z we receive _! report we %all write y aga94 ,ask+ y\r indulg5ce mean:ile we are ,y\rs truly1 ,,footnote3 #d ,supply head+ & introduction 7see page #bcb74 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,cle> ,,s5t5ce ,,bus9ess m5 l to talk ( brevity4 ,!y tell y t a talk or a lett] mu/ be brief4 ,:at !y really mean is t ! talk or ! lett] mu/ be concise2 t x mu/ /ate ! bus9ess cle>ly 9 ! fewe/ possible words4 ,don't omit any ess5tial fact :5 y write1 b don't repeat4 ,if y c express an idea 9 t5 words1 don't use tw5ty4 ,9 a lat] ex]cise we %all meet ! s5t5ce1 ,! size ( ! crops is always important1 & x is especially s to ! f>m]1 & ?is is because he has to live by ! crops4 ,! writ] ( t s5t5ce 0 v c>eless4 ,he _h a good idea & ?\ght t1 if he kept repeat+ x1 he w\ld make x /rong]4 ,j ! rev]se is true4 ,! s5t5ce may be express$ 9 a v few words3 ,! size ( ! crop is vitally important to ! f>m]4 ,if y wi% to secure concis5ess ( expression1 be especially c>eful to avoid jo9+ or complet+ ?\ghts by ^! expressions3 &1 s1 :y1 t is :y1 ?is is ! reason1 & ev]y?+4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all consid] "s ( ! l>g] faults t %\ld be avoid$ 9 s5t5ces4 ,ex]cise #aig--,unity ( ! ,s5t5ce ,give ! def9ition ( a s5t5ce4 ,h[ _m ?\ghts may "o s5t5ce express8 ,:at is likely to happ5 :5 two ?\ghts are jo9$ by &8 ,:at1 !n1 is ! dang] 9 us+ ! comp\nd s5t5ce8 ,! comp\nd s5t5ce is good to use to express c]ta9 ideas1 especially contra/2 z1 ,x is n "w t kills m52 x is worry4 ,x is n ! revolution t de/roys ! ma*9]y1 b ! friction b x is ! friction4 ,! s5t5ces :i* mo/ cle>ly & easily give u "o ?\ght are ! simple & ! complex s5t5ces4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,:i* ( !m leave "o idea 9 y\r m9d8 ,! tongue is a %>p-edg$ tool4 ,a %>p tongue is ! only edg$ tool t gr[s ke5] ) con/ant use4 ,a %>p tongue is l an edg$ tool1 & x gr[s ke5] ) con/ant use4 ,ex]cise #aih ,! foll[+ is wordy4 ,rewrite x1 cond5s+ z mu* z possible4 ,use simple & complex s5t5ces r ?an comp\nd1 express+ 9 ea* only "o ?\ght4 ,9 ! e>ly summ] ! corn crop frequ5tly seems to be v poor1 & s reports beg9 to circulate t corn w be high 9 ! autumn1 b :5 ! autumn really comes1 ,wall ,/reet1 t great c5t] ( bus9ess life1 beg9s to see t ! reports h be5 greatly exagg]at$ & t crops really w be v good1 & s bus9ess beg9s to pick up4 ,! size ( ! crop l>gely settles ! volume ( ! next season's bus9ess1 because s great a "p ( ! _w's bus9ess activity is made up ( buy+ & sell+ ! actual potatoes & corn & :eat & cattle or ! products made f ^!1 & :5 ! crop is poor !re are a great _m p conc]n$1 because !y w be poor j z ! crops are poor1 & ?is applies to ! f>m] z well z to ! deal]4 ,! size ( ! crops is always important1 & is especially s to ! f>m]1 & ?is is because he has to live by ! crops4 ,a man may be liv+ 9 ! city & work+ = a sal>y & beg9 to see t 8 "w is n support+ him1 & if he is an ambiti\s man1 he w *ange 8 occupation4 ,?is ! f>m] _c d because he has made an enorm\s inve/m5t2 9 ! fir/ place1 he has inve/$ 9 8 l&1 & !n 9 8 se$ & f>m implem5ts1 & ?is inve/m5t (t5 means all ! available money ! f>m] has1 & (t5 x means a mortgage on 8 f>m4 ,he puts ! mortgage on 8 f>m 9 hope ( gett+ a good crop1 & :5 8 hope is n realiz$1 he is 9 tr\ble1 because he may lose 8 :ole f>m if he _c pay ! in/allm5ts ( int]e/ due on 8 mortgage2 b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 if we consid] ! o!r side ( ! "q1 :5 ! crop is l>ge1 ! situation is altoge!r diff]5t4 ,ev5 if ! f>m] has put a mortgage on 8 f>m1 he gets en\gh money f 8 produce to pay ! debt ( t mortgage1 & he ne$ n worry h[ he is to live dur+ ! next w9t]4 ,! t[n m]*ants dep5d on a good crop1 because1 if ! f>m] has n a good return f 8 fields1 he w h almo/ no ready money1 & s he _c buy mu* clo?+ or h\sehold furni%+s4 ,9 ,i[a1 = in/ance1 !re is a little t[n 9 ! c5t] ( a corn-rais+ community1 & x is "h t ! f>m]s congregate to d _! buy+1 & 9 ?is t[n !re is q a l>ge dep>tm5t /ore1 & x is run by a woman4 ,%e does mo/ ( h] buy+ 9 ! autumn & %e pref]s to d x p]sonally1 & s %e likes to make a trip to ,new ,york = ! purpose1 b %e nev] sets out until %e kn[s t ! corn crop is good4 ,& ! reason = ?is is t %e kn[s t x w co/ h] hundr$s ( doll>s to make ! trip ,ea/1 to /ay at a good hotel1 & to sp5d ! requisite l5g? ( "t *oos+ h] pur*ases at ! diff]5t :olesale h\ses1 & %e kn[s t if !re is no corn crop %e w sell v few coats & hats & lace curta9s1 & x w nev] pay h] to run up h] exp5ses into ! hundr$s ( doll>s1 b %e w buy z be/ %e c f ! drumm]s1 & buy only a little1 & ?us ! size ( ! crop det]m9es h[ mu* ! f>m] c buy1 &1 !re=e1 h[ mu* ! :olesale & retail deal]s c sell4 ,ex]cise #aii--,subord9ation 9 ! ,s5t5ce ,s5t5ces conta9+ comp\nd pr$icates may be made m direct 9 ?\ght if "o ( ! v]bs is *ang$ to a p>ticiple or an inf9itive1 because ! pr$icate w !n express only "o action2 z1 #a4 ,! c>p5t] ?rew d[n 8 hamm] & walk$ out ( ! %op4 #b4 ,?r[+ d[n 8 hamm]1 ! c>p5t] walk$ out ( ! %op4 #c4 ,i w5t d[nt[n & appli$ = ! position4 #d4 ,i w5t d[nt[n to apply = ! position4 ,*ange ! foll[+ s5t5ces s t "o action is d5ot$ by ! pr$icate ( ea*3 #a4 ,a team/] drove out ( ! alley ea/ ( ! !at] & swung 8 horses directly 9 front ( a ,madison /reet c>4 #b4 ,! tongue /ruck ! front ( ! c> & bor$ a hole 9 ! fuse box4 #c4 ,! fire spread & burn$ ! ro( ( ! c>4 #d4 ,! half doz5 pass5g]s 7 badly fright5$ & got out quickly4 #e4 ,sev]al p ran & turn$ 9 a fire al>m4 #f4 ,9 a few m9utes ! fire eng9es arriv$ & began to fight ! flames4 #g4 ,cr[ds came f all directions & sil5tly wat*$ ! flames4 #h4 ,! p p\r$ out ( ! !at] & *e]$ ! firem54 #i4 ,! half doz5 pass5g]s soon recov]$ & /ood on ! curb/one 9 ! cr[d4 #aj4 ,! firem5 did _! "w quickly & dep>t$ amid ! *e]s ( ! cr[d4 ,ex]cise #bjj--;,comb9ation ( ,%ort ,s5t5ces ,sometimes %ort s5t5ces are bad because two or ?ree ( !m are ne$$ to express "o complete ?\ght4 ,if t is ! case1 !y %\ld be comb9$1 ! mo/ important detail be+ put into ! pr9cipal clause1 & ! o!r details into modifi]s1 z 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise4 ,make use (-- #a4 ,adjectives4 #b4 ,adv]bs4 #c4 ,p>ticipial phrases4 #d4 ,inf9itives4 #e4 ,relative pron\ns4 #f4 ,subord9ate conjunctions4 ,bel[1 ! fir/ & second s5t5ces toge!r make "o ?\ght1 :i* is express$ 9 ! ?ird4 ,john is a good report]4 ,t is :y he e>ns a good sal>y4 ,because ,john is a good report]1 he e>ns a good sal>y4 ,comb9e ! s5t5ces ( ea* gr\p bel[ into a s+le s5t5ce1 ei!r simple or complex1 omitt+ z _m words z possible b no ideas3 #a4 ,we /ay$ at home = two reasons3 fir/ ( all1 we ?\ght ,baltimore might be unpleasantly w>m4 ,!n1 ! o!r reason 0 t we ?\ght we ought to economize4 #b4 ,9 ,*9a ! w$d+ takes place at ! bridegroom's h\se4 ,?is has be5 decorat$ ) /rips ( bright r$ pap]1 & !y h ! ^w ,hsi on !m4 ,?is means ,live 9 happ9ess4 #c4 ,fir/ 9 ! procession come ! /&>d be>]s4 ,!y are hir$ = ! occasion4 ,^! m5 h r$ coats put on ov] _! dirty clo!s4 ,! m5 !y hire are usually begg>s4 #d4 ,six ye>s ago ,i w5t sail+ on ,lake ,george ) my fa!r4 ,i 0 t5 ye>s old at t "t4 ,two o!r m5 w5t along ) u4 ,! boat t we w5t 9 belong$ to my fa!r & ^! m54 #e4 ,! w9d 0 high & x w\ld come 9 gu/s4 ,?is made x h>d to sail4 ,x %ift$ ! sails s quickly t x w\ld ?r[ ! boat ov] on "o side4 #f4 ,sev]al times ! boat lean$ ov] at an angle ( =ty degrees4 ,?is let ! wat] come 9 on t side4 ,:5 ?is happ5$1 we all _h to jump to ! o!r side4 ,we did ?is s t ! boat w\ld "r itself4 #g4 ,! he>t is ! mo/ important organ 9 ! body4 ,?is is because if ! he>t /ops beat+1 y _c live4 ,besides1 all ! o!r organs are connect$ ) x4 ,x is some?+ l ! ma9 spr+ 9 a wat*4 #h4 ,?is is a good ma*9e4 ,& s9ce t's ! case1 ,i don't see :y x is t x doesn't "w z x %\ld4 #i4 ,9 e bus9ess !re are _m bad debts4 ,"s c be collect$ & o!rs _c be4 ,?is is because ! m5 :o made !m 7 giv5 cr$it1 & !y didn't h any money4 #aj4 ,! night 0 d>k1 & !re 7 no />s4 ,! fi%]m5 /ood on ! %ore1 & !y gaz$ at ! wild sea4 ,a /orm _h aris51 & !y c\ld n g out 9 _! boats4 ,ex]cise #bja ,z 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise1 rewrite ! foll[+1 omitt+ z _m words z possible1 b no ideas4 ,use %ort]1 simpl] expressions :]ev] possible4 #a ,uncle ,sam n[ has an a]ial navy1 b x's a small "o1 & f\ndations ( x 7 rec5tly laid4 ,?is 0 done :5 contracts 7 sign$ = ! deliv]y ( ?ree a]oplanes & !y are ! fir/ a]oplanes t ! ,unit$ ,/ates b\ght4 ,^! a]oplanes are ( ! late/ developm5t4 ,!y are all capable ( ris+ f l& or wat]4 ,!y are able also to l& on wat] or on ! deck ( a %ip1 & !y c c>ry at lea/ "o pass5g] & are equipp$ ) wireless outfits4 ,two ( !m are ,curtis ma*9es & ! ?ird is a ,wright1 & !y rang$ 9 price f #b1gjj to #e1ejj4 #b ,! ,unit$ ,/ates produces m /eel ?an any two ,european c\ntries1 & x is cont9u+ to produce m4 ,moreov]1 x has ! productive capacity to produce m ?an any o!r ?ree or f\r c\ntries put toge!r4 ,?is capacity is be+ /ill fur!r increas$4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 !re is "o v important /eel company4 ,x is v l>ge1 & seems to wi% to monopolize ! entire iron & /eel indu/ry4 ,ev5 at ?is "t x owns half ! pr9cipal plants t are n[ produc+ /eel & iron1 & controls half ! trade ( ! entire /eel & iron indu/ry1 & :5 su* a ?+ happ5s1 x is a matt] ( int]national conc]n4 #c ,cond5se ! foll[+ into a s+le s5t5ce1 ei!r simple or complex3 ,! iron & /eel indu/ry is v important1 & x includes a great deal4 ,fir/1 ! ore has to be m9$1 & !n ! "w includes ev]y?+ up to mak+ ! f9e/ wire = musical in/rum5ts4 ,or1 to put x ano!r way1 y c say f smelt+ ! ore to build+ a battle %ip4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ occupation &1 z said be=e1 v important4 ,!re is h>dly any?+ m int]e/+ or important except agriculture4 ,ex]cise #bjb--;,dangl+ ,expressions ,sometimes a s5t5ce is n cle> because x conta9s a p>ticiple :i* does n modify any?+ 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,a p>ticiple is "p v]b & "p adjective4 ,z a v]b1 x expresses ! idea ( ! v]b f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,z an adjective1 x mu/ modify a n\n or a pron\n4 ,! important po9t is t ?is n\n or pron\n mu/ be express$ 9 ! s5t5ce & n lie 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 z x does 9 ! foll[+3 ,rid+ f ,saugatuck to ,holl& la/ ye>1 ! c\ntry %[$ unmi/akable signs ( lack ( ra94 ,"h ! writ] means1 ,we saw t ! c\ntry1 etc41 b he says t ! c\ntry rode f ,saugatuck to ,holl&4 ,aga91 an expression may be us$ :i* is really an incomplete clause4 ,d n use su* a clause1 unless ! und]/ood subject is ! same z ! subject express$ 9 ! indep5d5t proposition4 ,wrong3 ,:5 almo/ exhau/$1 ! camp 0 rea*$4 ,"r3 ,:5 almo/ exhau/$1 we rea*$ ! camp4 ,reca/ ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 correct+ ! dangl+ expressions3 #a4 ,y %\ld n /op /udy+ y\r lessons until ?or\ghly prep>$4 #b4 ,9 talk+ to ! po/man ye/]day1 he said t 8 r\te _h be5 *ang$4 #c4 ,ow+ two mon?s' r5t1 ! =eman laid me (f4 #d4 ,be=e becom+ a physician1 ! law sets a v sev]e exam9ation4 #e4 ,hav+ eat5 our lun*eon v ha/ily1 ! typewrit]s 7 soon click+ m]rily aga94 #f4 ,! difficulty c\ld easily be settl$1 go+ ab\t x 9 ! "r way4 #g4 ,al?\gh det]m9$ to get my money1 ! task 0 h>d] ?an ,i _h expect$4 #h4 ,hav+ in/all$ an add+ ma*9e1 our (fice "w c\ld be done 9 half ! "t4 #i4 ,on ent]+ ! c>1 ! fir/ ?+ t caught my att5tion 0 ! sign at ! end4 #aj4 ,silk %\ld be wa%$ ) w>m wat] & a mild soap1 be+ c>eful n to rub x4 #aa4 ,! h\se 0 r$ecorat$1 mak+ x clean & homelike4 #ab4 ,! book %\ld be c>efully /udi$1 review+ ea* *apt] aft] x is read4 #ac4 ,go+ to "w ?is morn+1 an accid5t happ5$4 #ad4 ,hav+ ent]$ college1 ,mr4 ,br[n wat*$ 8 son's progress ) pride4 #ae4 ,soon aft] ab&on+ ! boat1 x sank4 #af4 ,!y say he w be lame1 caus$ by a fall on ! ice :ile skat+4 #ag4 ,:ile try+ to break ! half mile record1 8 back 0 injur$4 #ah4 ,_m p object to football1 because 9 tackl+ ! boys' he>ts are weak5$4 #ai4 ,he did n wi% to take up an extra /udy1 ?us less5+ 8 *ance ( be+ eligible = a?letics4 #bj4 ,:ile a *ild1 my fa!r (t5 told me /ories ( ,indian days4 #ba4 ,absorb$ all day 9 sup]9t5d+ 8 "w1 9 ! ev5+ ! newspap] br\ght him political news en\gh to fill ! h\rs betwe5 d9n] & b$-"t4 #bb4 ,discuss+ ! happ5+s 9 ! w>d ) an old crony1 8 daught] w\ld (t5 sit ne> him li/5+4 #bc4 ,he is fail+ 9 8 "w1 caus$ by 8 laz9ess4 #bd4 ,al?\gh a good tonic1 ,i did n ga9 weight :ile tak+ x4 #be4 ,9 ! new telephone1 ^u lift+ ! receiv]1 a tick+ s\nd is he>d4 #bf4 ,leav+ ! w9d[ op5 :5 %e w5t to lun*1 ( c\rse ! pap]s 7 dis>rang$ on h] return4 #bg4 ,diction>ies mu/ be return$ to ! desk aft] us+4 ,ex]cise #bjc--,pron\ns ) ,unc]ta9 ,antec$5ts ,sometimes ! mean+ ( a s5t5ce is n cle> because ! pron\ns h unc]ta9 antec$5ts4 #a4 ,sometimes a pron\n may ref] to ei!r ( two antec$5ts2 z1 ,wrong3 ,he gave 8 bro!r ,john ! umbrella & !n he left4 ,"r3 ,he gave ! umbrella to 8 bro!r ,john1 :o !n left4 #b4 ,sometimes ! s5t5ce mu/ be entirely reca/ & a direct quotation us$ be=e ! pron\ns c be made cle>2 z1 ,wrong3 ,tom told 8 fa!r t 8 suit case 0 lo/4 ,"r3 a4 ,tom said1 ,fa!r1 y\r suit case is lo/4 b4 ,tom said1 ,fa!r1 my suit case is lo/4 #c4 ,sometimes ! pron\n ref]s to a ^w t has n be5 express$ or to an idea4 ,9 t case1 ! antec$5t mu/ be suppli$2 z1 ,wrong3 ,if any "o wi%es to contribute to ! cause1 let him s5d x 9 ! enclos$ envelope4 ,"r3 ,if any "o wi%es to contribute to ! cause1 let him s5d 8 contribution 9 ! enclos$ envelope4 ,wrong3 ,i w\ldn't we> mitt5s4 ,nobody does t n[adays4 ,"r3 ,i w\ldn't we> mitt5s4 ,nobody we>s !m n[adays4 #d4 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ an indef9ite !y or x is correct$ ?us3 ,wrong3 ,don't !y h /reet c>s :]e y live8 ,"r3 ,are !re no /reet c>s :]e y live8 ,reca/ ! foll[+3 #a4 ,%e ask$ h] "m if %e c\ld g1 & %e said %e ?\ght %e ought to /ay at home4 #b4 ,john told ,james he 0 sure he did n "k ! (fice t he meant4 #c4 ,george told 8 fa!r 8 wat* _h /opp$4 #d4 ,! manag] ask$ ! cl]k to br+ 8 book4 #e4 ,a light t\* is important 9 a typewrit]1 because x makes x easy to write ^u x4 #f4 ,! size ( ! crops is important to ! f>m]s1 because !y h to live by !m4 #g4 ,!y decid$ to reorganize ! company1 :i* is always a difficult task4 #h4 ,!y w5t into ! h&s ( a receiv]1 :i* is an indication t ! affairs ( ! company _h be5 poorly manag$4 #i4 ,!re is a boat on ! lake ov] :i* !re is a pleasant view1 9 :i* !re is a club = work+ girls4 #aj4 ,he /ole "s money :i* br\ght ab\t an inve/igation4 #aa4 ,%e ask$ h] aunt h[ old %e 04 #ab4 ,john is fam\s = tell+ anecdotes1 & he got x by rememb]+ e /ory he reads4 #ac4 ,! sleigh+ p>ty la/ night 0 a success1 :i* is n always ! case4 #ad4 ,he told a lie1 :i* is a bad ?+ to d4 #ae4 ,!y engag$ a g>d5]1 :i* d\bl$ _! mon?ly exp5ses4 #af4 ,:y don't y get "s ( t new fur trimm+ = y\r blue dress8 #ag4 ,!y _h an accid5t on ! /reet c> ?is morn+4 #ah4 ,9 ! newspap] x said t ! lecture w\ld beg9 at #h3ae4 #ai4 ,!y don't f9d iron 9 ,ill9ois1 d !y8 #bj4 ,d !y h ! orig9al pa9t+s 9 our art gall]y8 #ba4 ,x says ,clos$ on t door4 #bb4 ,x doesn't m5tion a bank draft 9 ?is book4 #bc4 ,!y h a great _m =eign]s 9 ,new ,york ,city4 #bd4 ,john accompani$ 8 bro!r to ! city :]e he b\ght a typewrit]4 #be4 ,i _h expect$ to take ! #i3cj tra91 b ,i c\ldn't d x4 #bf4 ,go+ up to ! horse he put a lump ( sug> into 8 m\?4 #bg4 ,9 lett] writ+ "o %\ld always be exact & arrange !m 9 ! cu/om>y =m4 #bh4 ,^? hooks are n ru/-pro( because ! back ( my dress is /a9$ ) x4 #bi4 ,! telephone is a great conv5i5ce to all4 ,!y are n[ us$ 9 almo/ e h\se4 #cj4 ,z we came d[n ! road1 x s\nd$ l a tra91 :i*1 z we approa*$1 grew l\d] & l\d]4 ,ex]cise #bjd--,misplac$ ,modifi]s ,sometimes a s5t5ce is n cle> because a modifi] does n /& close to ! ^w x modifies4 ,wrong3 ,i c't ev5 d ! fir/ problem4 ,"r3 ,i c't d ev5 ! fir/ problem4 ,*ange ! ord] ( words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 plac+ ea* modifi] z closely z possible to ! ^w :i* x modifies4 ,"s ( ! s5t5ces are incorrect because !y conta9 split inf9itives4 7,see ,ex]cise #ib47 #a4 ,i only wait$ = him ab\t t5 m9utes4 #b4 ,%e /ood at ! w9d[1 try+ to close x ) a tr\bl$ face4 #c4 ,! city is suppli$ ) wat] f cold spr+s :i* fl[ ne>ly a hundr$ million gallons ( ! pure/ liquid t ev] bur/ f ! e>?1 daily4 #d4 ,! fam\s ,s4 ,f4 ice cream is made 9 ?is factory conta9+ fifty p] c5t pure cream4 #e4 ,a man %\ld n be all[$ to ca/ a vote1 :o _c read & write4 #f4 ,aft] tak+ ! m$ic9e = a %ort "t1 ! appetite is improv$1 & a desire is creat$ = food1 t has n exi/$ be=e4 #g4 ,9 real value1 ?is magaz9e t[]s head & %\ld]s ov] all o!rs to ! woman :o is 9 *>ge ( h] home4 #h4 ,!re are pages ( fa%ion news & embroid]y h9ts & news articles ( ! day t w appeal to ! husb& & fa!r z ! o!rs d to ! wife & daught] z well z dep>tm5ts = ! *ildr54 #i4 ,! numb] ( ! sew+ ma*9e is #cg;,a ) a drop head4 #aj4 ,!y nei!r are g5tle nor well-mann]$4 #aa4 ,i only he>d ab\t ! tr\ble ye/]day4 #ab4 ,he left ! same /ation at :i*1 ?irty ye>s be=e1 he _h arriv$ v humbly1 9 8 own special c>4 #ac4 ,he urg$ 8 bro!r to buy a home 9 8 lett]4 #ad4 ,! light+ sy/em has be5 develop$ to a really rem>kable degree ( p]fection = ! tra9s4 #ae4 ,! dynamo is s arrang$ t :5 ! tra9 is /&+ /ill or only travel+ tw5ty miles an h\r1 ! lamps are light$ f a /orage batt]y4 #af4 ,! batt]ies mu/ be l>ge en\gh dur+ ! run to c>ry ! entire light+ load4 #ag4 ,please s5d me #f ,d9+ ,tables ,no4 #df t ext5d to t5 feet z soon z possible4 #ah4 ,l>ge trees gr[ on ea* side ( ! h\se :i* is a rambl+ affair %utt+ out ! light4 #ai4 ,!y decid$ to give a bonus to ! "o do+ ! be/ "w1 am\nt+ to fifty doll>s4 #bj4 ,we _h almo/ got to ! corn] be=e we saw ! fire4 #ba4 ,i don't ev] rememb] hav+ se5 s big a fire4 #bb4 ,rememb] to ?or\ghly oil ! ma*9e4 #bc4 ,d y ne$ to 9 any way alt] ! ma*9e8 #bd4 ,if we expect to completely fill ! ord] to-day1 we ne$ m help4 ,ex]cise #bje--,omission ( ,necess>y ,words ,sometimes a s5t5ce is n cle> because a ^w has be5 omitt$ t is necess>y to ! s5se2 z1 ,wrong3 ,! two (fic]s t !y elect$ are ! presid5t & secret>y4 ,"r3 ,! two (fic]s t !y elect$ are ! presid5t & ! secret>y4 ,wrong3 ,8 writ+ is z good or bett] ?an y\rs4 ,"r3 ,8 writ+ is z good z or bett] ?an y\rs4 ,wrong3 ,! libr>y is :]e we g to read4 ,"r3 ,! libr>y is ! place :]e we g to read4 ,/ate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! foll[+ typewrit] ribbons3 #a4 ,a r$ & blue & black ribbon4 #b4 ,a r$ & a blue & black ribbon4 #c4 ,a r$ & blue & a black ribbon4 #d4 ,a r$ & a blue & a black ribbon4 ,supply ! omitt$ "p 9 ea* ( ! foll[+3 #a4 ,i always h & ,i'm sure ,i always %all be consid]ate ( o!rs' feel+s4 #b4 ,!y h a /5ograph] & bookkeep]1 :o are kept busy all day4 #c4 ,i believe he has already or w soon beg9 ! "w4 #d4 ,! cu%ions ( ! rock] are mu* s(t] ?an ! arm*air4 #e4 ,! arrangem5t ( y\r flat is mu* m conv5i5t ?an our h\se4 #f4 ,! numb] ( %elves 9 y\r sidebo>d is j ! same z our *9a closet4 #g4 ,i ?9k ! articles y ord]$ w arrive z soon or soon] ?an y expect4 #h4 ,%e is z tall or tall] ?an y4 #i4 ,:5 y\r message arriv$1 ,i _h already or at lea/ _h decid$ to beg9 cutt+ ! goods4 #aj4 ,x may n be bett] b x is fully z good z ! o!r article4 #aa4 ,i ?9k y cook fully z well if n bett] ?an y\r si/]4 #ab4 ,8 poems hold a place 9 our he>ts second only to ! ,bible4 #ac4 ,y\r idea is z good if n bett] ?an m9e4 #ad4 ,we decid$ to make ! *ange bo? = ! sake ( heal? & economy4 #ae4 ,y w f9d ! arm*air fully z com=table1 if n m s1 ?an ! rock]4 #af4 ,! riv] is :]e we _h ! mo/ fun4 #ag4 ,i "k y bett] ?an ,m>y4 #ah4 ,%e w5t to ! p>k b ,i didn't c>e to4 #ai4 ,we didn't object to ! s*eme z mu* z y4 #bj4 ,a cons]vatory is :]e !re are all k9ds ( fl[]s4 ,ex]cise #bjf--,%ift 9 ,con/ruction ,sometimes ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce is obscure because !re has be5 a %ift 9 con/ruction4 ,d n *ange subject1 p]son1 t5se1 or any grammatical =m )\t a good reason4 ,rememb] t & is a cord9ate conjunction4 ,if !re is an adjective be=e &1 !re mu/ be an adjective aft] x4 ,if a clause prec$es1 a clause mu/ foll[4 ,9 o!r words1 & jo9s two memb]s ( exactly ! same /ructure4 ,& may n jo9 "o ^w & a phrase1 nor may x jo9 a prepositional & a p>ticipial phrase4 ,bo? memb]s mu/ be alike4 ,9 ! foll[+ extract1 p>allel con/ructions are us$ correctly4 ,be able to tell :at k9ds ( elem5ts are us$ & h[ !y are p>allel4 ,to eat y\r cake & keep x too2 to we> a g[n ) ! air ( orig9ality & di/9ction1 & keep a full purse2 to h y\r h\se display ta/e & ref9em5t1 & be prais$ z an economical h\sewife2 to dress y\r *ildr5 da9tily1 & save money = _! education--use ,,abc transf] patt]ns4 ,by _! aid y c make an inexp5sive wai/ look l a ,fr5* bl\se1 h table l95 ( unrival$ elegance1 & dress y\r babies 9 ! mo/ approv$ /yle4 ,^! patt]ns co/1--"s t51 "s fifte5 c5ts4 ,!y cov] ! entire field ( dress1--wai/s1 tunics1 panels1 infants' clo!s1 und]we>1 m5's app>el1 & neckwe>2 & ( h\sehold articles1--t[els1 table-l951 & pill[ tops4 ,reca/ ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 correct+ ! %ift ( con/ruction 9 ea*3 #a4 ,9 ! l>ge dep>tm5t /ores e cl]k is to report on h] way to lun* & com+ back4 #b4 ,:5 "o he>s a cry ( ,fire1 y\r fir/ ?\ght is to run4 #c4 ,he seem$ fond ( 8 "w & to h skill 9 do+ x quickly4 #d4 ,i decid$ on tak+ ! trip & to keep my exp5ses )9 fifty doll>s if possible4 #e4 ,x ,y ,z ,clean] is good = s(t5+ wat] & o!r h\sehold uses4 #f4 ,because ( ! rise 9 ! price ( meats & ow+ to ! fact t groc]s *>ge m = butt] & eggs1 p f9d x h>d to live4 #g4 ,! (fice is well-heat$ & ) pl5ty ( light4 #h4 ,! cr[ds began to wat* ! fire & *e]+ l\dly4 #i4 ,i he>d ! op]a la/ ye> & h gone aga9 ?is ye>4 #aj4 ,x 0 wond]ful to see h[ fa/ !y work$ & _! accuracy4 #aa4 ,i c't decide :e!r to take up /5ography or if bookkeep+ is bett]4 #ab4 ,he taught u ! pr9ciples ( lett] writ+1 & some:at ( adv]tis+ 0 tak5 up4 #ac4 ,hop+ t ! "w progress$1 & unless a l&slide occurr$1 ! ,am]icans expect$ to remove #e1jjj1jjj cubic y>ds ea* ye>4 #ad4 ,! /udy ( ! e>? has always be5 /imulat$ by two fundam5tal passions ( humanity--a desire = weal? & because ( _! curiosity4 #ae4 ,he insi/s on our tak+ ! trip & to g )\t fur!r delay4 #af4 ,9 review+1 x is well to g ov] ea* "p ( ! c\rse c>efully1 & y %\ld make a note ( e po9t :i* y d n und]/&1 & let ea* ask ^? que/ions :i* he himself _c answ]4 #ag4 ,mr4 ,fitzmorris is a man ( great te*nical skill & :o has h&l$ ! situation capably4 #ah4 ,x w co/ h] hundr$s ( doll>s to make ! trip ,ea/ & sp5d+ ! requisite l5g? ( "t *oos+ h] pur*ases at ! diff]5t :olesale h\ses4 #ai4 ,he _h assum$ control ( ! (fice1 plann$ ! adv]tis+1 & ! f9ances 7 also direct$ by him4 #bj4 ,we h decid$ to g on ! excursion to ! ,capitol & at ! same "t visit+ ,uncle ,john4 ,ex]cise #bjg ,:at prev5ts cle>ness 9 ! foll[+8 #a4 ,! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t began an inve/igation into fire conditions 9 ,europe 9 #aijg1 ?r\gh our consuls4 #b4 ,x co/ #b4ci a ye> = fire 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5 #aija & #aiaj1 = e man1 woman1 & *ild1 & ,g]many does n ev5 pay n9ete5 c5ts4 #c4 ,! numb] ( our fires is increas+1 :i* is worse4 #d4 ,9 t5 ye>s our population has increas$ #gc p] c5t & #acd p] c5t is ! increase 9 fires4 #e4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! details1 ! conclusion is easily drawn t fire is a disgrace4 #f4 ,he only gets to ! (fice at t5 o'clock4 #g4 ,hav+ settl$ ! plan ( attack1 ! re/ 0 simple4 #h4 ,! manag] w>n$ him n to make ! mi/ake aga9 & add+ t mi/akes are co/ly4 #i4 ,to keep flannels f %r9k+1 wa% 9 ! foll[+ way1 & y w f9d x v satisfactory4 #aj4 ,to op5 a fruit j> run a knife "u ! edge & x comes (f easily4 #aa4 ,i didn't ev5 f9i% half ! que/ions4 #ab4 ,electric lights are economical1 clean1 & give m light ?an gas4 #ac4 ,y %\ld buy y\r suit n[1 bo? = ! sake ( economy & /yle4 #ad4 ,if 9 d\bt z to ! be/ ^w1 a book ( synonyms %\ld be consult$4 #ae4 ,! comma fault is :]e1 two pr9cipal clauses are run toge!r )\t a cord9ate conjunction4 ,rewrite ! foll[+ s t x w be correct1 concise1 & cle>3 ,! ,europeans 7 anxi\s = trade ) ! ,ea/1 = !y 7 dep5d5t ^u !m = spices & luxuries4 ,! ?ree r\tes 7 ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ov] ! ,suez ,p59sula1 d[n ! ,r$ ,sea1 & across to ,india4 ,ano!r 0 ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean & !n ?r\gh ,arabia4 ,! o!r 0 f ! ,m$it]ranean & !n ?r\gh ! ,black ,sea & !n by l& to ,india4 ,x became necess>y to seek a new r\te because ! ,turks held ,con/ant9ople1 & all vessels _h to pass ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! ,turks held ?is by pirates4 ,! fir/ explor]s 7 work+ "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,k+ ( ,portugal1 & !y solv$ ! problem by go+ ar\nd ,africa & !n to ! ,indies1 b ?is 0 too long1 & s explor]s tri$ o!r ways1 & ! result 0 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,p>agraph ,! s5t5ces develop+ ea* ( ! divisions ( a composition make "o p>agraph4 ,a p>agraph1 !re=e1 is ! treatm5t ( "o ( ! natural divisions ( a subject4 ,! l5g? dep5ds on ! topic to be treat$4 ,two cautions may be giv53 #a4 ,d n write p>agraphs conta9+ only "o s5t5ce4 ,su* p>agraphs d n repres5t divisions ( ! subject4 ,!y are simply /atem5ts :i* h n be5 exp&$ z !y des]ve1 or !y are s5t5ces t %\ld be plac$ ) ! prec$+ or succe$+ s5t5ces 9 ord] to make a good p>agraph4 ,"s bus9ess m5 9 _! lett]s & adv]tisem5ts use ! "o-s5t5ce p>agraph too frequ5tly to conc5trate ! att5tion ( ! read]4 ,a writ] divides 8 composition into p>agraphs 9 ord] to aid ! read] to foll[ ! ?\ghts he is pres5t+4 ,:5 ! read] sees ! ind5tation t indicates a new p>agraph1 he ?9ks t ! writ] has said all t he int5ds to say on ! topic 9 h& & n[ int5ds to op5 a new topic4 ,x is confus+ to f9d t ! new p>agraph is simply ano!r s5t5ce on ! same topic z ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,notice ! j]ky effect ( ! foll[+ extract f a lett]3 ,we are s5d+ y a copy ( our late/ catalogue1 :i* gives illu/rations & prices ( all our /ock4 ,! illu/rations are all made f actual photographs & are fai?ful 9 repres5t+ ! %oe describ$4 ,be> ,br& ,%oes are %ipp$ 9 special fib] cases1 ?us less5+ freight bills & elim9at+ ! annoyance ( %ortage claims because !y _c be op5$ )\t imm$iate detection4 ,errors ( any k9d %\ld be report$ )\t delay4 ,imp]fect or damag$ goods mu/ be return$ = our inspection2 o!rwise no all[ance w be made4 #b4 ,d n g to ! o!r extreme1 writ+ p>agraphs ( great l5g?4 ,mu* dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! matt] to be treat$1 b1 z a rule1 9 a /ud5t's !me a p>agraph %\ld be n long] ?an "o page4 ,if "o ( ! divisions ( y\r subject is necess>ily long1 subdivide x1 all[+ a p>agraph to treat ea* ( ! subdivisions4 ,:e!r x is to be long or %ort1 a p>agraph mu/ treat b "o topic2 f ! fir/ s5t5ce to ! la/1 x %\ld be ! developm5t ( "o idea4 ,moreov]1 ?is topic mu/ be reveal$ to ! read] 9 no unmi/akable way4 ,sometimes ! subject is s simple t ! topic may easily be ga!r$ f ! details giv51 b usually x is well to h "o s5t5ce t 9 a brief or g5]al way /ates ! topic4 ,?is is call$ ! topic s5t5ce4 ,x may be at or ne> ! beg9n+2 9 ?is case ! re/ ( ! p>agraph def9es or illu/rates :at x /ates4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be f\nd at almo/ any po9t 9 ! p>agraph1 n infrequ5tly act+ z a s5t5ce ( conclusion1 summ+ up ! details t h be5 pres5t$4 ,a p>agraph t beg9s ) a topic s5t5ce sometimes ends ) a s5t5ce ( conclusion4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce /ates ! topic1 ! foll[+ s5t5ces expla9 or illu/rate x1 & ! la/ s5t5ce summ>izes or o!rwise indicates t ! topic has be5 complet$4 ,?is =m has be5 call$ ! hammock p>agraph1 because x has a solid po/ at ea* end ) a mass ( details sw++ betwe54 ,x is a good =m to use 9 writ+ p>agraphs on giv5 subjects1 :5 ea* p>agraph is to /& alone1 complete 9 itself1 n =m+ "p ( a long] composition4 ,! practice ( writ+ su* p>agraphs induces cle>1 =ceful ?9k+4 ,ex]cise #bjh ,/udy ! foll[+ p>agraphs =-- #a4 ,topic s5t5ce1 if !re is "o4 #b4 ,developm5t ( ! topic4 #c4 ,s5t5ce ( conclusion1 if !re is "o4 #a ,! problem 9 _m l>ge firms is h[ to develop (fice effici5cy to ! highe/ possible degree4 ,9 ?is respect ! mon?ly exam9ation s*eme has be5 f\nd a great success4 ,! exam9ation consi/s ( a li/ ( que/ions ab\t m]*&ise & bus9ess proc$ure4 ,! que/ions are giv5 out on ! la/ ,saturday ( ! mon?1 & ! answ]s are return$ = criticism on ! foll[+ ,w$nesday4 ,! employees are told t !y may consult z _m au?orities z !y wi%1 b ea* man mu/ write 8 own pap]4 ,a poor p]c5tage 9 ?ree ( ^! te/s usually means dismissal4 ,?us ! ineffici5t are dropp$1 & ! ambiti\s :o h /udi$ are recogniz$4 ,! vice-presid5t ( "o conc]n t uses ?is sy/em says t x is a /rong rem9d] to 8 m5 t !y mu/ make !mselves wor?y ( ! organization4 ,besides ma9ta9+ an ev5 /&>d ( effici5cy1 ! plan has result$ 9 develop+ a numb] ( valuable executives1 ^: lat5t p[]s 7 br\ght out by ! rigidness ( ! te/s4 #b ,e mon? ! dep>tm5t head 9 "o big ea/]n conc]n1 wat* 9 h&1 times a l>ge =ce ( typi/s individually1 te/+ h[ rapidly !y c write a lett] ( #bjj words f _! %or?& notes4 ,rapidity1 punctuation1 spell+1 & neatness are c>efully record$4 ,?is plan has _h a desirable influ5ce 9 br++ /5ograph]s up to grade 9 _! daily "w1 because a good exam9ation m>k is r$uc$ "o-half by c>eless daily "w1 & a poor exam9ation m>k correspond+ly rais$ by excell5t daily "w4 ,:5 bo? exam9ation av]age & daily av]age are excell5t1 ! /5ograph]'s sal>y is increas$2 :5 bo? are bel[ good1 ! /5ograph] is dismiss$4 ,9 ?is way ! /&>d ( /5ographic "w is kept high4 #c ,9 8 ef=t to succe$ _m a "y bus9ess man ov]looks ! detail ( bus9ess c\rtesy4 ,he does n realize ! value t a buy] places ^u t commodity4 ,! m exp]i5c$ man1 h[ev]1 kn[s t c\rtesy does m to hold a buy] ?an d b>ga9 sales4 ,9 our l>ge cities m]*ants h incurr$ great exp5se to fit up re/ rooms :]e cu/om]s may sp5d an idle h\r1 write lett]s on /ation]y t is provid$1 & read ! late/ magaz9es4 ,9 ! rural di/ricts1 :]e su* luxuries are (t5 impossible1 ! m]*ant provides *airs = 8 cu/om]s & a place = /ation+ _! teams4 ,! c\ntry m]*ant1 h[ev]1 c (t5 accompli% 8 object m quickly ?an ! city deal] by sp5d+ an h\r gossip+ ) 8 cu/om]s4 ,he recognizes ! fact t buy]s are flatt]$ :5 ! proprietor himself takes ! "t to say a few words to !m4 ,he kn[s j z well z 8 city competitor does1 t if a buy] feels at home 9 8 /ore1 sales are practically gu>ante$4 #d ,! rural l&scape ( ,norway1 on ! long ea/]ly slope t leads up to ! wat]%$ among ! m\nta9s on ! we/]n coa/1 is n unlike t ( ,v]mont or ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,! railway f ,*ri/iania to ! ,r&sfjord c>ri$ u ?r\gh a hilly c\ntry ( scatt]$ f>ms & villages4 ,wood play$ a prom95t "p 9 ! sc5]y4 ,!re 7 d>k /ret*es ( =e/ on ! hilltops & 9 ! valleys2 riv]s fill$ ) float+ logs2 sawmills beside ! wat]falls2 wood5 f>mh\ses pa9t$ :ite2 & rail-f5ces ar\nd ! fields4 ,! p seem$ /urdy1 prosp]\s1 indep5d5t4 ,!y _h ! famili> habit ( com+ d[n to ! /ation to see ! tra9 arrive & dep>t4 ,we might h fanci$ ourselves on a j\rney ?r\gh ! ,connecticut valley if x _h n be5 = ! s(t s+-song ( ! ,norwegian spee* & ! uni=m polit5ess ( ! railway (ficials4 --,van ,dyke3 ,fi%]man's ,luck4 #e ,! plan ( ! ,spectator mu/ be all[$ to be bo? orig9al & em95tly happy4 ,e valuable essay 9 ! s]ies may be read ) pleasure sep>ately2 yet ! five or six hundr$ essays =m a :ole1 & a :ole :i* has ! int]e/ ( a novel4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t at t "t no novel1 giv+ a lively & p[]ful picture ( ! common life & mann]s ( ,engl&1 _h appe>$4 ,ri*>dson 0 work+ z a compositor4 ,field+ 0 robb+ birds' ne/s4 ,smollett 0 n yet born4 ,! n>rative1 !re=e1 :i* connects toge!r ! ,spectator's essays gave to our ance/ors _! fir/ ta/e ( an exquisite & untri$ pleasure4 ,t n>rative 01 inde$1 con/ruct$ ) no art or labor4 ,! ev5ts 7 su* ev5ts z occur e day4 ,sir ,rog] comes up to t[n to see ,eug5io1 z ! wor?y b>onet always calls ,pr9ce ,eug5e1 goes ) ! ,spectator on ! wat] to ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 walks among ! tombs 9 ! ,abbey1 & is fright5$ by ! ,mohawks1 b conqu]s 8 appreh5sion s f> z to g to ! !at] :5 ! ,di/ress$ ,"m is act$4 ,! ,spectator pays a visit 9 ! summ] to ,cov]ley ,hall1 is *>m$ ) ! old h\se1 ! old butl]1 & ! old *apla91 eats a jack caught by ,w ,wimble1 rides to ! assizes1 & he>s a po9t ( law discuss$ by ,tom ,t\*y4 ,at la/ a lett] f ! hone/ butl] br+s to ! club ! news t ,sir ,rog] is dead4 ,w ,honeycomb m>ries & re=ms at sixty4 ,! club breaks up1 & ! ,spectator resigns 8 functions4 ,su* ev5ts c h>dly be said to =m a plot2 yet !y are relat$ ) su* tru?1 su* grace1 su* wit1 su* humor1 su* pa?os1 su* k ( ! human he>t1 su* k ( ! ways ( ! _w t !y *>m u on ! hundr$? p]usal4 ,we h n ! lea/ d\bt t if ,addison _h writt5 a novel on an ext5sive plan1 x w\ld h be5 sup]ior to any t we possess4 ,z x is1 he is entitl$ to be consid]$ n only z ! greate/ ( ! ,engli% essayi/s1 b z ! =]unn] ( ! great ,engli% noveli/s4 --,macaulay3 ,essay on ,addison4 ,ex]cise #bji ,prep>e a p>agraph develop+ ea* ( ! foll[+ topic s5t5ces3 #a4 ,! kit*5 0 a *e]ful place4 7,tell all ! details t w expla9 ! ^w *e]ful47 #b4 ,9 ! kit*5 ! prep>ations = ! fea/ w5t on m]rily4 7,give ! details t w help "o get ! picture47 #c4 ,exam9ations are helpful to ! /ud5t4 7,9 :at ways are !y helpful8 ,if possible1 use examples to illu/rate ! po9t47 #d4 ,w9t] is m enjoyable ?an summ]4 7,contra/ ! pleasures ( ! "o ) ^? ( ! o!r1 %[+ t ^? ( w9t] are m enjoyable47 #e4 ,rid+ a motorcycle is apt to make a boy reckless4 7,develop by us+ examples47 #f4 ,a man mu/ l 8 "w if he is to succe$ 9 x4 #g4 ,f>m l&s v>y 9 price4 #h4 ,! f>m] fe$s ! _w4 #i4 ,e dep>tm5t /ore %\ld h regul> fire drills4 #aj4 ,e sale ought to be an adv]tisem5t4 ,ex]cise #baj ,p>agraph ! foll[+ s t ! p>agraphs w repres5t ! divisions 9 ?\ght4 ,if !re are any topic s5t5ces1 und]l9e !m4 #a ,i h (t5 notic$ t e "o has 8 own individual small economies1 c>eful habits ( sav+ fractions ( p5nies 9 "s "o peculi> direction1 any di/urbance ( :i* annoys him m ?an sp5d+ %ill+s or p\nds on "s real extravagance4 ,an old g5tleman ( my acqua9tance1 :o took ! intellig5ce ( ! failure ( a ,jo9t ,/ock ,bank1 9 :i* "s ( 8 money 0 inve/$1 ) a /oical mildness1 worri$ 8 family all ?r\gh a long summ]'s day because "o ( !m _h torn 7in/ead ( cutt+7 out ! writt5 leaves ( 8 n[ useless bankbook4 ,( c\rse1 ! correspond+ pages at ! o!r end came out z well1 & ?is little unnecess>y wa/e ( pap] 78 private economy7 *af$ him m ?an all ! loss ( 8 money4 ,envelopes frett$ 8 s\l t]ribly :5 !y came 94 ,! only way 9 :i* he c\ld reconcile himself to su* a wa/e ( 8 *]i%$ article 0 by pati5tly turn+ inside out all t 7 s5t to him1 & s mak+ !m s]ve aga94 ,ev5 n[1 ?\gh tam$ by age1 ,i see him ca/+ wi/ful glances at 8 daught]s :5 !y s5d a :ole inside ( a half-%eet ( note pap]1 ) ! ?ree l9es ( acceptance to an invitation writt5 on only "o ( ! sides4 ,i am n above own+ t ,i h ?is human weakness myself4 ,/r+ is my foible4 ,my pockets get full ( little hanks ( x1 pick$ up & twi/$ toge!r1 ready = uses t nev] come4 ,i am s]i\sly annoy$ if any "o cuts a /r+ ( a p>cel in/ead ( pati5tly & fai?fully undo+ x fold by fold4 ,h[ p c br+ !mselves to use ,india-rubb] b&s1 :i* are a sort ( deification ( /r+1 z lightly z !y d ,i _c imag9e4 ,to me an ,india-rubb] b& is a preci\s treasure4 ,i h "o :i* is n new--"o t ,i pick$ up (f ! floor ne>ly five ye>s ago4 ,i h really tri$ to use x1 b my he>t fail$ me1 & ,i c\ld n commit ! extravagance4 ,small pieces ( butt] grieve o!rs4 ,!y _c att5d to conv]sation because ( ! annoyance occasion$ by ! habit :i* "s p h ( inv>iably tak+ m butt] ?an !y want4 ,h y ev] se5 ! anxi\s look 7almo/ mesm]ic7 :i* su* p]sons fix on ! article8 ,!y w\ld feel x a relief if !y might bury x out ( _! sight by popp+ x into _! own m\?s & swall[+ x d[n2 & !y are really made happy if ! p]son on ^: plate x lies unus$ sudd5ly breaks (f a piece ( toa/ 7:i* he does n want at all7 & eats up 8 butt]4 ,!y ?9k t ?is is n wa/e4 ,n[1 ,miss ,matty ,j5k9s 0 *>y ( c&les3 ,we _h _m devices to use z few z possible4 ,9 ! w9t] aft]noons %e w\ld sit knitt+ = two or ?ree h\rs--%e c\ld d ?is 9 ! d>k or by firelight--& :5 ,i ask$ if ,i might n r+ = c&les to f9i% /it*+ my wri/b&s1 %e told me to keep bl9d man's holiday4 ,!y 7 usually br\ght 9 ) tea1 b we burnt only "o at a "t4 ,z we liv$ 9 con/ant prep>ation = a fri5d :o might come 9 any ev5+ 7b :o nev] did71 x requir$ "s contrivance to keep our two c&les ( ! same l5g?1 ready to be light$1 & to look z if we burnt two always4 ,! c&les took x 9 turns2 & !n1 :atev] we might be talk+ ( or do+1 ,miss ,matty kept h] eyes habitually fix$ ^u ! c&le1 ready to jump up & ext+ui% x & light ! o!r be=e !y _h become too unev5 9 l5g? to be re/or$ to equality 9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+4 --,adapt$ f ,mrs4 ,gaskell's ,cran=d4 #b ,de> ,madam3 ,we are sorry to say t we h no m h\se coats ,no4 ,,sp#fb 9 size #ch at #d4ej4 ,z we adv]tis$1 ,,sp#fb is n a regul> /ock numb]1 b repres5ts a collection ( #e1 #f1 & #g4ej coats rema9+ aft] ! holiday sales & r$uc$ to insure _! be+ sold be=e spr+4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! sale !re 7 only a few coats 9 size #ch1 & !y 7 sold almo/ at once4 ,9 our catalogue1 pages #fh to #ga inclusive1 y w f9d descriptions ( all our /ock h\se coats4 ,on page #fh y w see ,no4 #dej;,,hc1 our regul> #d4ej coat4 ,if y w\ld l u to s5d y "o ( ^! 9 size #ch1 we %all =w>d x to y at once4 ,h[ev]1 if y w\ld l a #e1 #f1 or #g4ej coat1 y w1 no d\bt1 s5d u ! diff]5ce 9 price on receipt ( ?is lett]4 ,( c\rse1 ! m exp5sive g>m5ts are made ( bett] mat]ials1 b all our coats %[ ! same excell5t workman%ip4 ,! be/ way = y to get ! exact %ade ( trimm+ t y wi% is to s5d u a sample ( ! goods t y w\ld l to mat*4 ,we assure y t we %all take all possible c>e to s5d y ! prop] color4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #baa ,p>agraphs may be develop$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,= example1 if y 7 go+ to write on ! process ( mak+ a lay] cake1 y w\ld expla9 9 detail ! diff]5t +r$i5ts 9 ! mixture1 ! proportion ( ea*1 & ! /eps 9 ! process be=e ! product c\ld be sold z a lay] cake4 ,by ! use ( explanatory details develop ! foll[+3 #a4 ,mak+ a kite4 #b4 ,mak+ a baseball4 #c4 ,mak+ fudge4 #d4 ,h[ to play *eck]s4 #e4 ,! manufacture ( soap 7or any article 9 a groc]y74 #f4 ,! manufacture ( a t9 c4 #g4 ,! manufacture ( p9s4 #h4 ,e man mu/ h an ambition4 #i4 ,:y ,i int5d to ent] bus9ess4 #aj4 ,! greate/ mod]n inv5tion4 ,by ! use ( examples to illu/rate y\r po9t develop ! foll[+3 #a4 ,electricity is mak+ h\sework easy & pleasant4 #b4 ,_m sons ( poor p>5ts h won great weal?4 #c4 ,! wireless app>atus has sav$ _m lives4 #d4 ,a boy c %[ t he is a good citiz54 #e4 ,"y ,am]icans h little respect = au?ority4 ,by ! use ( comp>ison & contra/ develop ! foll[+3 #a4 ,improvem5ts 9 mod]n light+ sy/ems4 #b4 ,improvem5ts 9 mod]n heat+ sy/ems4 #c4 ,improvem5ts 9 mod]n means ( locomotion4 #d4 ,two k9ds ( "w1 pleasure1 or /udy4 #e4 ,:y ,i int5d to h a bus9ess ( my own4 #f4 ,! /udy t ,i l be/4 ,by expla9+ cause & effect develop ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! advantages ( public gymnasiums4 #b4 ,! success ( loose leaf devices4 #c4 ,! objections to football4 ,ex]cise #bab ,develop ! foll[+ into p>agraphs2 9 ea* case be able to %[ :at me?od or me?ods y h employ$3 #a4 ,a man :o _c read & write ,engli% %\ld n be all[$ to vote4 #b4 ,po/al sav+s banks inspire ! sav+s habit4 #c4 ,wom5--! mo!rs ( *ildr5--%\ld vote4 #d4 ,wom5 %\ld n vote because !y d n read ! newspap]4 #e4 ,! effect ( s*ool slang is bad4 #f4 ,i wi% ,i _h se5 ! coronation ( ,george ,v4 ,e fairy /ory ,i _h ev] read w\ld sudd5ly h become real4 #g4 ,canada w\ld ga9 by reciprocity ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #h4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld ga9 by reciprocity ) ,canada4 #i4 ,our =e/s %\ld be pres]v$4 #aj4 ,! wa/e ( lumb] by =e/ fires results f c>elessness4 #aa4 ,! wa/e ( lumb] 9 cutt+ railroad ties is too great4 #ab4 ,! rotation ( crops enri*es ! soil4 #ac4 ,apples are m easily ga!r$ ?an *]ries4 #ad4 ,ef=ts %\ld be made to keep ! birds 9 our city p>ks4 #ae4 ,e boy %\ld le>n a trade4 #af4 ,p$dl]s %\ld n be all[$ to call _! w>es4 #ag4 ,great cr[ds ga!r$ 9 ! city dur+ aviation week 7or any celebration74 #ah4 ,! electric toa/] is good = hurry-up breakfa/s4 #ai4 ,iron+ ) an electric iron is m conv5i5t ?an ) ! old-fa%ion$ k9d4 #bj4 ,! wireless app>atus makes sea voyages saf] ?an be=e4 #ba4 ,a mix$ diet is be/4 #bb4 ,cats %\ld be ext]m9at$ because !y spread disease4 #bc4 ,! p>cel po/ w decrease ! pr(its ( ! express companies4 #bd4 ,a good book is op5$ ) expectation & clos$ ) pr(it4 #be4 ,m]*ants %\ld *>ge = deliv]+ pur*ases4 #bf4 ,! object ( ! ,*ild ,welf>e ,exhibit is to promote ! be/ int]e/s ( *ildr54 #bg4 ,"o ( ! be/ enactm5ts ( our "t is ! ,*ild ,labor ,law4 ,ex]cise #bac--,smoo? ,connection ,we may z well confess at ! beg9n+ t smoo? connection betwe5 s5t5ces & p>agraphs is a h>d ?+ to le>n4 ,prim>ily1 x dep5ds on cle> ?9k+4 ,9 ,ex]cise #ace we saw t ! idea ( "o s5t5ce mu/ gr[ out ( ! idea ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,x is ! same ) p>agraphs4 ,! ?\ght mu/ develop gradually f "o to ! next4 ,ea* p>agraph1 we "k1 repres5ts a unit )9 ! l>g] unit ( ! composition2 ea* repres5ts a division ( ?\ght4 ,n infrequ5tly ! ?\ght ( "o division diff]s consid]ably f ! ?\ght ( ! next4 ,! ty+ toge!r ( su* units is sometimes h>d4 ,x may be done 9 "o ( ! foll[+ ways3 #a4 ,by repeat+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! new p>agraph or s5t5ce "p ( ! prec$+ p>agraph or s5t5ce4 #b4 ,by us+ pron\ns to ref] to :at has gone be=e4 #c4 ,by us+ connect+ l9ks1 sometimes call$ transition words because !y indicate ! transition f "o division to ! next4 ,besides ^? m5tion$ 9 ,ex]cise #ace1 we may use a num]al connection1 z1 9 ! fir/ place1 9 ! second place2 or an expression mu* l a num]al1 z1 fur!rmore1 9 ! next place2 or an expression %[+ t an adv]se idea is to be pres5t$1 z1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 9 spite ( ?is1 nev]!less4 ,b :atev] y d1 *oose ! "r l9k1 especially if y use su* a "o z possibly1 probably1 p]haps1 c]ta9ly1 surely4 ,use ! "o t expresses y\r idea exactly4 ,h none r ?an ! wrong "o4 ,9 ! foll[+ ! fir/ & second p>agraphs are connect$ accord+ to 7#a7 above2 ! second & ?ird are connect$ accord+ to 7#c7 above4 ,!re comes to e prosp]\s man a "t :5 he wi%es to "k ! be/ way ( secur+ a /eady income f 8 accumulat$ sav+s )\t ! burd5 ( responsibility ( manag+ "s prop]ty 9 ord] to ga9 8 income4 ,! m]*ant may n wi% to put back into ! bus9ess all ! e>n+s he gets f x1 & yet he wi%es to prep>e = 8 old age4 ,! f>m] may wi% to give up active "w1 b he realizes h[ soon 8 broad acres may det]iorate ?r\gh soil-robb]y :5 he r5ts 8 prop]ty on %>es4 ,) su* a problem be=e him ! ?\ghtful man makes an ef=t to le>n h[ to act to secure a good income all 8 life4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s he le>ns1 if he /udies ! situation c>efully1 is t !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 an income d]iv$ f "o's bus9ess ability1 su* z ! pr(it secur$ f runn+ a /ore1 factory1 jobb+ h\se1 or f>m1 & ! income :i* is d]iv$ z ! result ( money work+ by itself4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 a man mu/ ( necessity keep up 8 bus9ess responsibilities2 9 ! o!r1 once he has select$ a safe inve/m5t1 practically all he has to d is to collect 8 income f "t to "t z x falls due4 ,!re is 9 ! latt] no depreciation ( l&1 build+s1 ma*9]y1 or ! l2 no insurance paym5ts to worry ab\t2 no crop failures to consid]4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t if "o wi%es to put surplus money away--say ! proce$s f ! sale ( a bus9ess or a f>m--& get a /eady income f x )\t bo!r or worry1 ! mo/ important ?+ to consid] is h[ to g ab\t x to select some?+ :i*1 once pur*as$1 w turn out to be a safe inve/m5t4 ,ex]cise #bad ,9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs tak5 f ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son's ,! ,philosophy ( ,nom5clature1 po9t out all ! transition words t jo9 7#a7 s5t5ce to s5t5ce1 & 7#b7 p>agraph to p>agraph3 ,to beg91 !n3 ! influ5ce ( our "n makes itself felt f ! v cradle4 ,z a s*oolboy ,i rememb] ! pride ) :i* ,i hail$ ,rob9 ,hood1 ,rob]t ,bruce1 & ,rob]t le ,diable z my "n-fell[s2 & ! feel+ ( sore disappo9tm5t t fell on my he>t :5 ,i f\nd a freeboot] or a g5]al :o did n %>e ) me a s+le "o ( my num]\s pra5om9a4 ,look at ! delight ) :i* two *ildr5 f9d !y h ! same "n4 ,!y are fri5ds f t mom5t =?2 !y h a bond ( union /rong] ?an ex*ange ( nuts & sweetmeats4 ,?is feel+1 ,i own1 we>s (f 9 lat] life4 ,our names lose _! fre%ness & int]e/1 become trite & indiff]5t4 ,b ?is1 de> read]1 is m]ely "o ( ! sad effects ( ^? %ades ( ! prison h\se :i* come gradually betwixt u & nature ) advanc+ ye>s2 x af=ds no weapon aga9/ ! philosophy ( names4 ,9 aft] life1 al?\gh we fail to trace its work+1 t "n :i* c>eless godfa!rs lightly appli$ to y\r unconsci\s infancy w h be5 m\ld+ y\r "* & influ5c+ ) irresi/ible p[] ! :ole c\rse ( y\r e>?ly =tunes4 ,b ! la/ "n is no :it less important z a condition ( success4 ,family names1 we mu/ recollect1 are b inh]it$ nicknames2 & if ! sobriquet 7 applicable to ! ance/or1 x is mo/ likely applicable to ! desc5dant also4 ,y w\ld n expect to f9d ,mr4 ,m',phun act+ z a mute or ,mr4 ,m',lumpha excell+ z a pr(essor ( danc+4 ,!re=e1 9 :at foll[s1 we %all consid] names1 indep5d5t ( :e!r !y are fir/ or la/4 ,& to beg9 )1 look :at a pull ,cromwell _h ov] ,pym--! "o "n full ( a resonant imp]ialism1 ! o!r mean1 pettifogg+1 & unh]oic to a degree4 ,:o w\ld expect eloqu5ce f ,pym--:o w\ld read poems by ,pym--:o w\ld b[ to ! op9ions ( ,pym8 ,he might h be5 a d5ti/1 b he %\ld nev] h aspir$ to be a /atesman4 ,i c only wond] t he succe$$ z he did4 ,pym & ,habakkuk /& fir/ ^u ! roll ( m5 :o h triumph$1 by %e] =ce ( g5ius1 ov] ! mo/ unfavorable appellations4 ,b ev5 ^! h suff]$2 &1 _h !y be5 m fitly nam$1 ! "o might h be5 ,"l ,protector & ! o!r h %>$ ! laurels ) ,isaiah4 ,9 ?is matt] we mu/ n =get t all our great poets h borne great names4 ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 ,pope1 ,wordswor?1 ,%elley--:at a con/ellation ( lordly words6 ,n a s+le commonplace "n among !m--n a ,br[n1 n a ,jones1 n a ,rob9son2 !y are all names t "o w\ld /op & look at on a door-plate4 ,n[1 imag9e if ,pepys _h tri$ to clamb] someh[ into ! enclosure ( poetry1 :at a blot w\ld t "n h made ^u ! li/6 ,! ?+ is impossible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a c]ta9 natural consci\sness t m5 h w\ld h held him d[n to ! level ( 8 "n1 w\ld h prev5t$ him f ris+ above ! ,peps9e /&>d1 & s haply )held him altoge!r f attempt+ v]se4 ,next1 ! booksell]s w\ld refuse to publi%1 & ! _w to read !m1 on ! m]e evid5ce ( ! fatal appellation4 ,& n[1 be=e ,i close ?is section1 ,i mu/ say "o ^w z to punnable names1 names t /& alone1 t h a significance & life ap>t f him t be>s !m4 ,^! are ! bitt]e/ ( all4 ,"o fri5d ( m9e goes b[$ & humbl$ ?r\gh life "u ! weight ( ?is mis=tune2 = x is an awful ?+ :5 a man's "n is a joke1 :5 he _c be m5tion$ )\t excit+ m]rim5t1 & :5 ev5 ! intimation ( 8 dea? bids fair to c>ry laught] into _m a home4 ,s mu* = p :o are badly nam$4 ,n[ = p :o are too well nam$1 :o g topheavy f ! font1 :o are baptiz$ into a false position1 & :o f9d !mselves beg9n+ life eclips$ "u ! fame ( "s ( ! great ones ( ! pa/4 ,a man1 = in/ance1 call$ ,william ,%akespe>e c\ld nev] d>e to write plays4 ,he is ?r[n into too humbl+ an apposition ) ! au?or ( ,hamlet4 ,8 own "n com+ aft] is su* an anti-climax4 ,! plays ( ,william ,%akespe>e8 says ! read]--,o no6 ,! plays ( ,william ,%akespe>e ,cock]ill1 & he ?r[s ! book aside4 ,9 wise pursuance ( su* views1 ,mr4 ,john ,milton ,h5gl]1 :o n long s9ce delight$ u 9 ?is favor$ t[n1 has nev] attempt$ to write an epic1 b has *os5 a new pa? & has excell$ ^u ! tight-rope4 ,a m>k$ example ( triumph ov] ?is is ! case ( ,mr4 ,dante ,gabriel ,rosetti4 ,on ! face ( ! matt]1 ,i %\ld h advis$ him to imitate ! pleas+ mode/y ( ! la/-nam$ g5tleman1 & conf9e 8 ambition to ! sawdu/4 ,b ,mr4 ,rosetti has triumph$4 ,he has ev5 d>$ to translate f 8 mighty "n-fa!r2 & ! voice ( fame supports him 9 8 boldness4 ,ex]cise #bae ,turn back to ,ex]cise #baj1 #a4 ,h[ are ! diff]5t p>agraphs t y h made connect$8 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,bus9ess ,,lett]s ,,n long ago ! head ( "o ( ! bigge/ mail ord] firms 9 ?is c\ntry said3 ,bus9ess ne$s ! boys & ! girls4 ,d n let !m ?9k !y c be b cogs 9 ! great sy/em ( :eels4 ,m to-day ?an at any previ\s "t ! _w ne$s m5 & wom5 :o c speak & write !mselves into ,engli%4 ,f\r hundr$ million doll>s is wa/$ e ye> 9 unpr(itable adv]tis+ alone1 & z mu* m 9 bad h&l+ ( good prospects & loss ( cu/om]s ?r\gh ineffici5t lett]s4 ,we look to ! future g5]ation to cons]ve a "p ( ?is enorm\s loss4 ,if a s+le page adv]tisem5t 9 a s+le issue co/s #gejj1 :at y say on t page is important4 ,look into any curr5t magaz9e1 & y w be trem5d\sly impress$ ) ! importance ( ,engli% 9 ?is bran* alone1 n to m5tion its importance 9 lett] writ+4 ,!re is no great] p[] 9 bus9ess to-day ?an ! ability to use conv9c+ ,engli% 9 correspond5ce & 9 adv]tis+4 ,any "o :o c write good lett]s1 lett]s t ! read] feels he mu/ answ]1 has success ahead ( him1 because ! m>ket ( a good lett] is practically unre/rict$4 ,:]ev] a lett] c p5etrate1 x may create desire = an article & make sales4 ,b :at is a good lett]8 ,no?+ m ?an a bit ( good ,engli%4 ,c y write cle>1 direct1 crisp1 yet flu5t ,engli%8 ,!n y c write good lett]s--b n till !n4 ,9 mod]n bus9ess ! lett] has become ! adv]tis]1 ! salesman1 ! collector1 & ! adju/] ( claims4 ,an adv]tisem5t mu/ be attractive2 x mu/ ar\se ! int]e/ ( ! "o :o sees x4 ,a salesman mu/ und]/& human nature2 he mu/ =e/all objections by %[+ ! cu/om] h[ he w ga9 by buy+4 ,! collector & ! adju/] ( claims mu/ be c\rte\s & at ! same "t %rewd4 ,if a lett] is to meet all ( ^! requirem5ts x _c be da%$ (f at a mom5t's notice4 ,x mu/ be ?\ght out 9 detail & writt5 c>efully to include all t %\ld be express$4 ,?is means1 especially 9 a sales lett]3 #a4 ,an unusually word$ op5+ t puts ! writ]'s affairs 9 ! backgr\nd & ! read]'s ga9 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,beg9 ) y1 n we4 ,! read] is int]e/$ 9 himself1 8 own progress1 8 own tr\bles1 & n 9 ! possessions ( ! writ]1 except z ! writ] c %[ t ^? possessions affect him4 #c4 ,a cle>1 simply word$ explanation ( ! purpose ( ! lett]4 #c4 ,pro( ( advantages to ! read]4 #d4 ,p]suasion or inducem5t to act n[4 #e4 ,conclusion1 mak+ ?is action easy4 ,above all1 if a lett] is to be good1 x mu/ n be too %ort4 ,9 ! pursuit ( brevity too _m pupils 9 bus9ess ,engli% make ! mi/ake ( writ+ altoge!r too little to get ! read]'s att5tion2 & if 8 att5tion is n ar\s$1 ! lett] fails4 ,! lett] %\ld be long en\gh to sugge/ int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( ! read] & en?usiasm = ! subject "u discussion4 ,en?usiasm 9 bus9ess involves k bo? ( y\r project & ( y\r cu/om]4 ,y _c attempt to write a lett] ( any k9d unless y "k ! facts t require x4 ,p]haps x is a compla9t t y mu/ try to settle4 ,)\t a k ( ! facts1 ( ! tru? or ! untru? ( ! claim1 h[ c y write ! lett]8 ,sometimes x requires bo? "t & /udy to ga!r ! necess>y details1 b !y mu/ be ga!r$4 ,:5 y h y\r details & beg9 writ+1 be s9c]e4 ,y mu/ be s absolutely 9 e>ne/ t ! read] w at once feel & beg9 to %>e y\r en?usiasm4 ,k ( ! p]son to :om y are writ+ is fully z important z k ( y\r subject4 ,y mu/ get 8 po9t ( view1 und]/& 8 "*1 & appeal to ! qualities t y recognize 9 x1 to ! desires or ambitions1 t x %[s4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t all ( u are alike4 ,!re are c]ta9 fundam5tal int]e/s t we all possess2 ^! may safely be appeal$ to at almo/ all times4 ,b our employm5t1 our habits ( life1 our ways ( ?9k+ make u diff]5t4 ,! same argum5t1 probably1 w n always br+ satisfactory replies f a manufactur]1 a f>m]1 a judge1 a m9i/] or prie/1 a c>p5t]1 & a woman4 ,"s p l to receive a long lett] t goes c>efully into detail2 o!rs w n take ! "t to read su* a lett]4 ,ea* cu/om] mu/ be /udi$4 ,?is is s difficult a matt] t no "o c expect to le>n x all at once4 ,f9ally1 f ! fir/ ^w to ! la/ be c\rte\s4 ,no matt] h[ righte\s y\r indignation1 be c\rte\s4 ,y _c af=d to lose y\r temp]4 ,c\rtesy does n imply flatt]y nor a lack ( tru?4 ,y\r lett] c be /rong & yet polite 9 tone4 ,lose y\r temp]1 & y\r lett] w probably fail4 ,keep y\r temp]1 %[ ?\ghtfulness = ! read]'s int]e/1 & y\r lett] w m likely fulfill its purpose4 ,ex]cise #baf--,! ,=m ( ! ,lett] ,be=e we look at "s actual lett]s to judge ( _! effectiv5ess1 we mu/ le>n ! conv5tional =m ( a lett]1 ! p>ts :i* _m ye>s ( use h %[n to be necess>y4 ,!re are six p>ts to a =mal or bus9ess lett]3 #a4 ,! head+1 :i* includes ! writ]'s address & ! date4 #b4 ,! introduction1 :i* includes ! "n & ! address ( ! "o to :om y are writ+4 #c4 ,! salutation2 = example1 ,de> ,sir3 #d4 ,! body ( ! lett]1 ! important "p4 #e4 ,! c\rte\s close2 = example1 ,y\rs truly1 #f4 ,! signature4 ,ea* "p ends ) a p]iod except ! salutation1 :i* ends ) a colon1 & ! c\rte\s close1 :i* ends ) a comma4 ,! v>i\s gr\ps ( words )9 ! head+ & ! introduction are sep>at$ by commas4 ,:y does ! salutation end ) a colon8 ,:y does ! c\rte\s close end ) a comma8 ,! ,arrangem5t ,9 ! foll[+1 notice ! spac+4 ,if ! head+ is %ort1 x is put on "o l9e2 z1 ,head+ ,hilli>d1 ,fla41 ,june #cj1 #aiad4 ,introduction ,mr4 ,?omas ,b>rett1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,salutation ,de> ,sir3 ,body 444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4 4444444444444444444444 ,c\rte\s close ,y\rs truly1 ,signature ,samuel ,g>? ,if ! head+ is long1 arrange x 9 "o ( ! foll[+ ways3 #a #ccd ,lex+ton ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,may #ai1 #aiae4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,b>rett1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,de> ,sir3 #b #ccd ,lex+ton ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 ,may #ai1 #aiae4 #c #ccd ,lex+ton ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 ,may #ai1 #aiae4 #d #ccd ,lex+ton ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 ,may #ai1 #aiae4 ,! sup]scription on ! envelope is arrang$ & punctuat$ l ! introduction 9 ! lett]1 except t ! punctuation may be omitt$ f ! end ( l9es4 ,!re is a gr[+ t5d5cy to block ! diff]5t p>ts ( a lett]2 t is1 to beg9 ea* item ( ea* "p directly bel[ ! fir/1 ) no ind5tation4 ,!re is also a t5d5cy to use no abbreviations 7except = titles l ,mr471 ! "n ( ! mon? & ( ! /ate & ! ^w /reet1 av5ue1 or build+ be+ spell$ out4 ,,note4--,! punctuation z %[n 9 ! examples giv5 above is t 9 m preval5t use4 ,c]ta9 writ]s1 h[ev]1 advocate ! omission f ! =mal p>ts ( ! lett] ( commas at ! end ( l9es & ( p]iods 7except to %[ abbreviations74 ,arrange ! foll[+ head+s1 supply+ capitals & punctuation m>ks3 #a4 #ee wat] / mobile ala june #af #ai-- #b4 calm> i[a septemb] #a #ai-- #c4 #dec m>quette build+ *icago ill jan #e #ai-- #d4 #abc salem / spr+field mass june #bc #ai-- #e4 highl& p>k gr& hav5 mi* may #c #ai-- #f4 #bbj broadway new york n y febru>y #ae #ai-- #g4 #gh ma9 /reet portl& oregon decemb] #aj #ai-- #h4 #cb l9coln / kansas city mo oct #b #ai-- #i4 room #ae #acba p5nsylvania ave wa%+ton d c sept #b #ai-- #aj4 #be *e/nut / philadelphia pa april #ad #ai-- #aa4 #bab tribune build+ new york n y m>* #b #ai-- #ab4 #ih dor*e/] ave bo/on mass feb #ab #ai-- #ac4 #bd milk / bo/on mass ,june #ad #ai-- #ad4 #bca we/ #ci? / new york city m>* #d #ai-- #ae4 #cde new>k ave j]sey city n j 7supply date7 #af4 #dd fif? ave detroit mi* sept #a #ai-- #ag4 #ajb we/ #db;d / d5v] colorado 7date7 #ah4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 7#af7 & 7#ag74 ,notice t ! "n ( ! /reet 9 ea* case is a num]al4 ,:y is x spell$ out 9 7#af7 & n 9 7#ag78 ,ex]cise #bag ,supply+ ! "n ( ! firm & ! bus9ess engag$ 91 write lett] heads us+ ! items giv5 9 ,ex]cise #baf4 ,= example3 ,,b>rett1 ,,br[n ,,co4 ,groc]ies #ee ,wat] ,/reet ,decorah1 ,i[a1 -- #ai ,:5 may be us$8 ,:at is ! advantage ( us+ a lett] head8 ,9 mak+ lett] heads1 imag9e y are a pr9t]4 ,arrange ! items s t !y may %[ to ! be/ advantage4 ,let y\r l9es ( pr9t+ or writ+ be ( diff]5t l5g?s4 ,add any details t y wi%1 su* z trade-m>k designs or ! names ( (fic]s4 ,arrange & punctuate3 #a4 citronelle bus9ess m5s association citronelle alabama may #b #ai-- mr john h>vey #ai e monroe / ro*e/] n y de> sir #b4 #agc broadway new york ,june #aj #ai-- mr walt] ?omas #aia e ma9 / wal?am mass de> sir #c4 #be broad / maplewood n h messrs haus5 ottman #ah la salle /ation *icago ill g5tlem5 7supply date7 #d4 john r&olph co druggi/ #ad jeff]son / *>le/on s c jan #h #ai-- g]h>d m5n5 co new>k n j g5tlem5 7lett] head7 #e4 #dc s\? #e? ave madison wis aug #h #ai-- ! :ite m\nta9 freez] co na%ua n h g5tlem5 ,address an envelope = ea* ( ! above1 us+ ! foll[+ z a model4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,b>rett1 ,br[n ,co41 #ee ,wat] ,/reet1 ,decorah1 ,i[a4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,ex]cise #bah--;,cautions ,! ,head+ ,always date y\r lett]s4 ,give y\r full address1 ev5 if y are c]ta9 t ! "o to :om y are writ+ kn[s x4 ,! ,introduction ,! p]son address$ mu/ always be giv5 a title4 ,if y address "o man1 use ,mr42 if a firm1 use ,messrs42 if a woman1 ,miss or ,mrs4 ,if a man has a title l ,pr(essor or ,doctor1 x %\ld be us$1 & ,mr41 ( c\rse1 omitt$4 ,hon4 7,honorable7 is us$ = a p]son :o holds1 or :o has held1 a public (fice4 ,x is a v =mal title4 ,esq47,esquire7 is a legal =m us$ by "s correspond5ts 9 address+ any man4 ,x is an ,engli% usage4 ,x always foll[s ! "n1 &1 if x is us$1 ,mr4 is omitt$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,mr4 is pref]able4 ,9 writ+ to a man 9 8 (ficial capacity1 ! foll[+ =m is correct :5 !re is no /reet numb] or :5 ! title is %ort4 ,notice t ,mr4 is omitt$4 ,g4 ,n4 ,fratt1 ,ca%i]1 ,fir/ ,national ,bank1 ,rac9e1 ,wis4 ,! foll[+ is correct :5 ! title is long3 ,mr4 ,john ,fr$]ick ,pi]ce1 ,ass't4 ,eng9e] ( ,bridges & ,build+s1 #fjg ,:ite ,build+1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,notice t 9 ! la/ example1 ! city & ! /ate are put on ! same l9e z ! /reet 9 ord] to make ! ?ree l9es ( ab\t ! same l5g?4 ,f\r l9es might h be5 us$4 ,! ,salutation ,if y address "o man1 ! salutation is ,de> ,sir2 z1 ,mr4 ,john ,pi]ce1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,de> ,sir3 ,if y address a firm1 ! salutation is ,g5tlem52 z1 ,messrs4 ,br[nleigh ,k+1 ,portl&1 ,oregon4 ,g5tlem53 ,if y address a woman1 m>ri$ or s+le1 ! salutation 9 bus9ess lett]s is ,de> ,madam2 z1 #a4 ,mrs4 ,john ,pi]ce1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,de> ,madam3 #b4 ,miss ,flor5ce ,pi]ce1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,de> ,madam3 ,a m famili> =m ( salutation is ei!r ( ! foll[+3 #a ,miss ,flor5ce ,pi]ce1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,my de> ,miss ,pi]ce3 #b ,miss ,flor5ce ,pi]ce1 ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,de> ,miss ,pi]ce3 ,9 us+ ,hon41 ! salutation is usually ,sir4 ,! ,c\rte\s ,close ,! c\rte\s close corresponds 9 tone to ! salutation4 ,if ! salutation is ,de> ,sir1 ,g5tlem51 or ,de> ,madam1 ! c\rte\s close %\ld be "o ( ! foll[+3 ,y\rs truly1 ,y\rs v truly1 ,v truly y\rs1 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,if ! salutation is ,sir1 ! c\rte\s close %\ld be ,respectfully y\rs or ,y\rs respectfully4 ,if ! body ( ! lett] & ! c\rte\s close d n agree 9 tone1 ! effect is (t5 ridicul\s4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t ! c\rte\s close ( 7#b7 "u ,ex]cise #bbj 7 ,y\rs respectfully4 ,:at w\ld be ! effect8 ,! ,signature ,if an unm>ri$ woman is sign+ a bus9ess lett]1 %e %\ld avoid confusion by prefix+ 7,miss7 to h] "n4 ,a m>ri$ woman %\ld sign h] own "n1 z1 ,alice ,pi]ce2 %e %\ld indicate h] title1 z ,mrs4 ,john ,f4 ,pi]ce1 ei!r bel[ ! o!r or at "o side4 ,no o!r title %\ld be prefix$ to a signature4 ,if a lett] is sign$ by ! "n ( a firm1 ! signature ( ! "o :o dictat$ ! lett] is usually add$2 z1 ,y\rs v truly1 ,smi? ,lumb] ,co4 by ---- ,?is sort ( signature gives a lett] ! p]sonal t\*4 ,expla94 ,fold+ a ,lett] ,bus9ess lett] pap] is ab\t eight by t5 in*es4 ,9 fold+ a lett] %eet1 7#a7 turn ! l[] edge up to ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* f ! top2 press ! fold firmly1 keep+ ! edges ev52 7#b7 turn ! pap] s t ! fold$ edge is at y\r left h&2 7#c7 fold f y a little less ?an "o-?ird ! wid? ( ! %eet2 7#d7 fold ! upp] edge d[n t[>d y s t x projects a trifle beyond ! fold$ edge4 ,)\t turn+ x ov]1 pick x up & ins]t x 9 ! envelope1 putt+ 9 fir/ ! edge t 0 fold$ la/4 ,write ! address & ! salutation =3 #a4 ,a bus9ess h\se 9 y\r t[n4 #b4 ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,tob91 presid5t ( ! ,detroit ,/ate ,bank1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 #c4 ,miss ,mabel ,gun!r1 ,%ullsburg1 ,wis4 #d4 ,pr(essor ,c4 ,m4 ,watson1 ,h>v>d ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 #e4 ,john ,f4 ,campbell1 ,manag] ,bond ,dep>tm5t1 ,fir/ ,tru/ & ,sav+s ,bank1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 #f4 ,taylor & ,crit*field1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 #g4 ,mrs4 ,?omas ,d4 ,mac,donald1 #abf ,e4 ,second ,/reet1 ,wa%+ton1 ,ia4 ,write ! c\rte\s close & ! signature =3 #a4 ,a lett] f a bus9ess h\se 9 y\r t[n sign$ by ,f4 ,r4 ,wilson4 #b4 ,a lett] f ,miss ,mabel ,gun!r 7#b above74 #c4 ,a lett] f ,pr(essor ,c4 ,m4 ,watson 7#d above74 #d4 ,a lett] sign$ by ,john ,f4 ,campbell 7#e above74 #e4 ,a lett] f ,taylor & ,crit*field sign$ by y y\rself4 #f4 ,a lett] f ,mrs4 ,?omas ,d4 ,mac,donald 7#g above74 ,ex]cise #bai--,ord]+ ,goods ,if an ord] includes a numb] ( sep>ate items1 x is usually writt5 on a sep>ate %eet ( pap]4 ,firms (t5 supply blanks = ?is purpose4 ,if ! ord] is %ort1 x =ms "p ( ! lett]4 ,9 any case1 ea* item is plac$ on a sep>ate l9e1 s t ! items may be *eck$ z ! ord] is fill$4 ,9 ! foll[+1 notice ! arrangem5t & ! punctuation3 ,hamilton1 ,montana1 ,feb4 #af1 #aiad4 ,messrs4 ,mac,bride ,dick5s1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,g5tlem53 ,at y\r e>lie/ conv5i5ce please %ip me ! foll[+ via ! ,nor!rn ,express ,co4 f ,/4 ,paul3 #f doz4 ,a #fh assort$ sizes ,m5's ,black ,caps #a4ej #i4jj #e doz4 ,d #ga ,m5's ,cotton ,h&k]*iefs 4#fj #c4jj #e doz4 ,x #cj ,m5's ,l95 ,h&k]*iefs #b4jj #aj4jj ------ #bb4jj ,enclos$ f9d a draft on ,new ,york = tw5ty-two doll>s4 ,y\rs truly1 ,s4 ,d4 ,j5s5 ,write ! lett]s outl9$ bel[3 #a4 ,ord] fifty copies ( ! ,bus9ess ,ari?metic t y are us+4 ,h[ %all y pay = !m8 #b4 ,clip f a newspap] an adv]tisem5t ( groc]ies4 ,imag9e t y are a h\sekeep]1 & sp5d t5 doll>s to ! be/ advantage1 ord]+ sev]al articles4 #c4 ,br+ 9 an adv]tisem5t ( h\sehold necessities--l95s1 t9w>e1 etc4 ,sp5d five doll>s1 buy+ sev]al articles4 #d4 ,br+ 9 an adv]tisem5t ( furniture4 ,write a lett] ord]+ en\gh to furni% a p>lor or a d9+ room4 ,h ! am\nt *>g$ to y\r acc\nt4 #e4 ,a magaz9e (f]s "o ( sev]al books z a premium ) a ye>'s subscription4 ,answ] ! adv]tisem5t4 ,ex]cise #bbj--,! ,tone ( ! ,lett] ,undue famili>ity or an evid5ce ( loss ( temp] w at once fru/rate ! object ( a lett]4 ,a dignifi$ lett] nev] %[s ei!r4 ,j :at con/itutes a dignifi$ lett] is h>d to def9e b fairly easy to feel4 ,?is mu* is c]ta93 x mu/ be simple 9 /ructure1 direct 9 its word+1 & s s9c]e 9 feel+ t no "o w d\bt its tru?4 ,any extravagance ( language1 !re=e1 has no place 9 a dignifi$ lett]4 ,/udy ! foll[+ to see :e!r !y %[ dignity3 #a ,tuesday1 #e ,p4,m4 ,miss ,s>ah ,h[>d1 ,d5v]1 ,colorado4 ,de> ,madam3 ,i h a great piece ( ,,confid5tial news = y4 ,take advantage ( ! rem>kable (f] our company is mak+ to y1 & x w mean ?\s&s ( ,,doll>s 9 y\r pocket4 ,und]/& t ?is (f] is n op5 to e "o4 ,y h be5 especially select$4 ,y are ! only "o 9 y\r t[n :o w he> ( ?is rem>kable (f]4 #b ,elswor?1 ,br[n ,co41 #abj ,jeff]son ,ave41 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,g5tlem53 ,:at is ! matt] ) our la/ ord]8 ,h y p gone out ( bus9ess1 or are y asleep8 ,if we don't get t ord] by ! ?ird1 y'll nev] he> f u aga94 #c ,a lett] to ,mrs4 ,bixby1 writt5 ,nov4 #ba1 #ahfd4 ,de> ,madam3 ,i h be5 %[n 9 ! file ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t a /atem5t ( ! ,adjutant ,g5]al ( ,massa*usetts t y are ! "m ( five sons :o h di$ glori\sly on ! field ( battle4 ,i feel h[ weak & fruitless mu/ be any words ( m9e :i* %\ld beguile y f ! grief ( a loss s ov]:elm+4 ,b ,i _c refra9 f t5d]+ to y ! consolation t may be f\nd 9 ! ?anks ( ! republic !y di$ to save4 ,i pray t our ,heav5ly ,fa!r may assuage ! angui% ( y\r b]eavem5t1 & leave y only ! *]i%$ memory ( ! lov$ & lo/ & ! solemn pride t mu/ be y\rs to h laid s co/ly a sacrifice ^u ! alt> ( fre$om4 ,y\rs v s9c]ely & respectfully1 ,abraham ,l9coln ,ex]cise #bba ,9 writ+ ! foll[+ lett]s1 be def9ite & c\rte\s3 #a4 ,y h adv]tis$ y\r eight-room1 furnace-heat$ h\se = sale = #c1ejj4 ,a lett] ( inquiry desires p>ticul>s4 ,answ] x4 #b4 ,y live on a side /reet1 :i* = ! la/ week has n be5 light$4 ,write to ! editor ( ! pap]1 or to a t[n (ficial1 :i*ev] y ?9k w\ld rem$y ! matt]4 ,be c\rte\s4 ,a lett] to an editor is begun3 ,to ! ,editor ( ----4 #c4 ,! c>s on :i* y ride e day are v dirty4 ,write to ! mayor4 ,he is address$3 ,hon4 ----4 #d4 ,y wi% to h a telephone in/all$4 ,make application4 #e4 ,two weeks ago y wrote 7#d74 ,/ill y h no telephone4 ,write aga91 /at+ ! sub/ance ( 7#d7 & ask+ ! reason = ! delay4 #f4 ,write ! telephone company's reply4 ,be v c\rte\s4 ,:at good reason c\ld y give = ! delay8 #g4 ,y und]/& t y\r ,congressman has ! privilege ( recomm5d+ a "y man = ! entrance exam9ations ( y\r /ate univ]sity4 ,write to him1 ask+ t he recomm5d y4 ,rememb] t he is a /rang] to y4 ,:at %\ld y tell him8 ,ex]cise #bbb4--,mi/ak5 ,ideas 9 ,lett] ,writ+ ,x is too bad t1 to a numb] ( p1 ! t]m bus9ess lett] conveys ! idea ( a colorless1 /ilt$ composition full ( trite & almo/ mean+less bus9ess =mulas4 ,no "o reads su* a lett] unless he has to1 & surely t is n ! k9d "o %\ld practice writ+4 ,bel[ are giv5 a few ( ! expressions t %\ld be avoid$4 ,i4 ,sometimes a writ] tries to impress a read] ) ! volume ( bus9ess he is do+ by %[+ ha/e 9 8 correspond5ce2 z1 9 #a4 ,omitt+ ! subject2 z1 ,wrong3 ,9 reply to y\r "q w say ---- ,"r3 ,9 reply to y\r "q ,i w say ---- #b4 ,omitt+ articles & prepositions2 z1 ,wrong3 ,direct package c>e ,we/]n ,cann+ ,co4 ,"r3 ,direct ! package 9 c>e ( ! ,we/]n ,cann+ ,co4 #c4 ,us+ abbreviations a4 ,( ! introduction4 ,write out ! introduction 9 detail1 bo? "n & address4 ,abbreviat+ ?is "p ( ! lett] is highly disc\rte\s4 b4 ,9 ! body ( ! lett]2 z1 ,wrong3 ,! ,co4 s5t a no4 ( l>ge ord]s la/ ye>4 c4 ,( ! c\rte\s close2 z1 ,wrong3 ,y\rs etc4 ,wrong3 ,y\rs resp'y4 #d4 ,us+ a phrase z a s5t5ce2 z1 ,wrong3 ,y\rs ( ! #f? at h& & cont5ts not$4 ,x is mu* bett] to ref] indirectly to ! receipt ( a lett]2 z1 ,9 ! ord] y s5t u on ,aug4 #e ---- ,! same sort ( mi/ake is se5 9 ! all too frequ5t clos+3 ,wrong3 ,hop+ t we he> f y soon1 ,y\rs truly1 ,"r3 ,hop+ t we he> f y soon1 we are ,y\rs truly1 ,:y use su* an expression at all8 ,avoid hop+1 tru/+1 await+1 or any o!r artificial clos+4 ,,ii4 ,sometimes a writ] makes an ef=t to be extremely c\rte\s1 b fails because he uses hackney$ word+2 z1 #a4 ,k9dly4--,a good ^w 9 itself b greatly abus$4 #b4 ,we beg to /ate4--,nev] use beg 9 ?is s5se4 ,y h no "r to beg att5tion2 e>n x4 #c4 ,y\r favor1 y\r e/eem$ favor1 y\r valu$ favor4--,say1 ,y\r lett]4 #d4 ,w y be s good z to4--,belongs 9 ! class ) beg to /ate4 ,make y\r reque/s c\rte\sly1 b directly4 #e4 ,w\ld say4--,avoid ?is expression4 ,,iii4 ,sometimes 9 an ef=t to be cle> a writ] uses same z a pron\n2 z1 ,wrong3 ,if ! books are n satisfactory1 return same4 ,?is is "o ( ! wor/ ( ! di/9ctly bus9ess blund]s4 ,same is nev] a pron\n4 ,write to a man z y talk to him & y w n use same 9 ?is way4 7,see ,ex]cise #hh47 ,,iv4 ,sometimes 9 ord] to get att5tion a writ] w use a lib]al spr9kl+ ( da%es & capitals1 probably 9 imitation ( adv]tis+ copy4 ,bett] ?an su* artificial means is ! attraction ( a well word$ lett]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,criticise ! foll[+ lett]s1 po9t+ out all ! expressions t %\ld be improv$4 ,rewrite ! lett]s4 #a ,g5tlem53 ,we beg to ackn[l$ge y\r e/eem$ favor ( ,apr4 #f4 ,9 reg>d to %oes receiv$ by y 9 poor %ape z p] compla9t1 w\ld say t on receipt ( same w try to locate cause ( tr\ble4 ,if due to defect 9 manufacture1 w cr$it y ) value ( same4 ,hop+ ?is is satisfactory to y1 ,y\rs truly1 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,y\rs ( ,m>* #ah at h&4 ,ref]r+ to matt] ( %ort weight1 ,i beg to call y\r att5tion to ,c ,a c> #hgcbd1 :i* y load$ = u ,m>* #g at y\r ,auburn m9e1 gross weight #aba1djj lbs4 ,?is c> 0 *eck weigh$ at ,peoria ,m>* #aa on y\r company's scales & %[$ gross weight #aac1bjj lbs4 or %ortage #h1bjj lbs4 ,hav+ inve/igat$ c>1 ,i f9d same 0 9 good ord] & no indication ( leakage1 & x w\ld appe> to be a case ( c>elessness at "t ( load+4 ,!re=e w reque/ y to k9dly s5d me cr4 memo1 on #h1bjj lbs4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #bbc--,! ,sales ,lett] ,! object ( ! sales lett] is to make ! read] buy4 ,h[ c y d x8 ,to beg9 )1 get 8 po9t ( view--t ( ! us]4 ,!n imag9e t he is pres5t & talk to him on pap]4 ,get 8 int]e/ ) y\r op5+ s5t5ce4 ,expla9 :at y h to sell4 ,%[ him t he ne$s x4 ,:et 8 desire to possess x1 &1 f9ally1 make x easy & imp]ative = him to ord] today4 ,! op5+ p>agraph is all-important4 ,x may make or m> a lett]4 ,if x is /ilt$ or lacks directness1 if x hasn't ! p]sonal1 natural tone t makes ! read] feel y are talk+ to him1 or if x is /]eotyp$ 9 its word+1 ! lett] w probably g to ! wa/e-basket4 ,contra/ ! two lett]s t foll[4 ,bo? 7 writt5 to accompany a catalogue4 ,notice t ! fir/ beg9s & ends 9 a /]eotyp$ way2 has too few details to ar\se int]e/2 asks = an ord] b has no inducem5t to give "o n[2 &1 ?r\gh\t1 lacks ! p]sonal1 conv9c+ tone t makes ! second a good sell+ lett]4 ,notice t ! second beg9s ) y1 n ) we1 & keeps ! same y attitude to ! end4 ,turn back to ! five ess5tials ( a lett] giv5 on page #bcj4 ,see if y c diff]5tiate ! five 9 ! second lett]4 #a ,de> ,sir3 ,9 compliance ) y\r reque/ ( rec5t date we are s5d+ y our late/ g5]al catalogue1 inasmu* z we d n "k :i* dep>tm5t catalogue y wi%4 ,we also h specializ$ books = jewelry1 furniture1 h>dw>e1 & drygoods4 ,on reque/ we %all be glad to s5d any "o ( ^! also4 ,we c>ry ! bigge/ l9e ( ,v>iety ,/ore ,lead]s 9 ! c\ntry1 & our goods are always ( ! be/4 ,we take p>ticul> pa9s to acqua9t our cu/om]s ) ! late/ ?+ 9 ! trade1 & to give bus9ess-gett+ sugge/ions4 ,our ,co-op]ative ,bureau *e]fully answ]s all inquiries4 ,tru/+ we %all he> f y ) an ord]1 we are ,y\rs truly1 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,"u sep>ate cov] y w receive a copy ( our late/ g5]al catalogue1 publi%$ especially = own]s ( ,v>iety ,/ores4 ,we are s5d+ y ! g5]al catalogue because we d n "k :e!r y are int]e/$ 9 a p>ticul> dep>tm5t4 ,h[ev]1 if y\r bus9ess specializes 9 any "o class ( goods--su* z jewelry1 furniture1 h>dw>e1 or drygoods--we %all be glad to supply y ) ! dep>tm5tal book y ne$4 ,on ! enclos$ po/al c>d simply *eck ! "o y wi%1 & mail ! c>d to-day4 ,we %all =w>d ! catalogue at once4 ,y may "k t we always h on h& betwe5 two hundr$ & two hundr$ & fifty diff]5t ,v>iety ,/ore ,lead]s1 af=d+ y a wide selection ( high-class goods ( ! f9e/ mat]ials1 ! neate/ workman%ip1 & ! late/ /yles at v l[ prices4 ,aft] glanc+ ov] ! catalogue y w agree ) u t 9 e dep>tm5t ( our huge bus9ess a doll> has full pur*as+ p[]4 ,a unique feature ( our bus9ess1 moreov]1 is ! ,co-op]ative ,bureau1 :i* y w f9d a decid$ help 9 build+ up y\r bus9ess4 ,ea* week ! ,bureau s5ds out a ,bullet91 acqua9t+ our cu/om]s ) important bus9ess ev5ts 9 ! l>g] trade c5t]s1 ) sugge/ions = new adv]tis+ & sell+ me?ods1 ) notices ( new /ock additions t make especially good lead]s1 & ) advice h[ be/ to display !m4 ,! ,bureau invites correspond5ce & s5ds cu/om]s1 absolutely free ( *>ge1 advice on new /ore arrangem5ts1 w9d[ decorations1 & adv]tis+ plans4 ,y\r fir/ ord] makes y a co-op]at+ memb] & entitles y to all ! privileges ( ! ,bureau & ! s]vices ( an in/itution ) wide exp]i5ce & ) a recogniz$ reputation = squ>e-deal+4 ,fill out ! enclos$ ord] blank1 mail x to-day1 & receive ?is week's ,bullet9 by return mail4 ,x conta9s sev]al spl5did sugge/ions = novel1 inexp5sive adv]tis+4 ,y\rs truly1 ,! lett] giv5 above is p]sonal & yet dignifi$4 ,usually t is ! be/ /yle to use1 & ! "o t we wi% to practice writ+4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 results c be/ be obta9$ by us+ ! colloquial or ev5 jocul> tone illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ lett] s5t to a retail] 9 ,ottumwa1 ,i[a3 ,de> ,sir3 ,we sell *eese1 a new br&1 ! f9e/ k9d y ev] ta/$1 put up 9 ! mo/ attractive package1 to sell at ! mo/ attractive price4 ,call$ ,p> ,excell5ce ,creme1 wrapp$ 9 silv] foil ) a gold label1 x sells = fifte5 c5ts & co/s y t54 ,ev] he> a bett] proposition8 ,bett] buy n[ be=e y\r rival gets ahead ( y4 ,ev]ybody's call+ = x4 ,:y8 ,because we're adv]tis+ ev]y:]e4 ,x has be5 out only "o mon?1 & yet sales h trebl$ our highe/ expectations4 ,half ! sales ( a new *eese dep5d on ! package & ! price2 ! o!r half dep5d on ! quality4 ,all ?ree are "r 9 ,p> ,excell5ce ,creme4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,k+1 our ,i[a repres5tative1 tri$ to see y la/ week1 b1 un=tunately1 he 0 unable to f9d y 94 ,n[1 he c>ries a full l9e ( our samples1 & x's wor? ! "t x takes j to see h[ good !y look1 ev5 if y don't c>e to buy4 ,h[ ab\t x8 ,don't y want to see !m8 ,mr4 ,k+ w be 9 ,ottumwa next ,w$nesday4 ,y\rs truly1 ,?is /yle is commonly call$ snappy4 ,x has its advantage1 b %\ld be us$ only r>ely4 ,above all1 if y d use x1 avoid ! da%4 ,notice h[ ! da% spoils ! foll[+3 ,de> ,sir3 ,h y ev] eat5 t k+ ( nuts--! budd$ or graft$ pap] %ell pecan--! nut ^: k]nel is z nutriti\s z beef & z sweet & delici\s z honey--! nut t is s delightfully palatable & s :olesome1 ! discrim9at+ epicures ( two cont95ts h set _! seal ( approval on x--creat+ a dem& t lit]ally _c be suppli$--ev5 at prices rang+ z high z a doll> a p\nd4 ,to use ! da% 9 ?is way seems to imply t y d n und]/& punctuation or s5t5ce /ructure4 ,if ! p>agraph is rewritt51 remov+ ! da%es & divid+ into s5t5ces1 we get a mu* /rong] appeal4 ,! da% makes = weakness r ?an = /r5g? because x sugge/s hy/]ics4 ,de> ,sir3 ,h y ev] eat5 ! k+ ( nuts1 ! budd$ or graft$ pap] %ell pecan8 ,! k]nel is z nutriti\s z beef & z sweet z honey4 ,x is s :olesome & s delici\s t discrim9at+ epicures ( two cont95ts h set _! approval on x1 creat+ a dem& t lit]ally _c be suppli$1 ev5 at prices rang+ z high z a doll> a p\nd4 ,a v good way to op5 a sales lett] is to get ! att5tion by a bit ( n>ration conta9+ direct quotations1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+3 ,de> ,sir3 ,x saves sev5 p] c5t4 ,s said ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,samuels1 a manufactur] ( ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,he _h wat*$ 8 bookkeep]s at _! "w1 & x seem$ to him t _! ma9 bus9ess 0 turn+ & flatt5+ ! spr+y pages ( ! bulgy l$g]4 ,t5 seconds 7 wa/$1 he said1 e "t a page 0 turn$--almo/ e "t an entry 0 made--& h>dly m ?an two m9utes 7 ne$$ to make ! entry4 ,t 0 en\gh4 ,ea* ( 8 tw5ty m5 0 wa/+ sev5 p] c5t ( 8 "t4 ,try h+$ pap]1 sugge/$ ! head bookkeep]4 ,accord+ly1 ,mr4 ,samuels tri$ sev]al k9ds ( h+$ pap]1 only to f9d t ! h+$ section tore1 broke1 or crack$4 ,! "t t ! cl]ks n[ sav$ 9 flatt5+ ! leaves !y wa/$ 9 rewrit+ ! pages t _h torn out4 ,he _h no m fai? 9 h+$ pap]s by ! "t t he saw ! adv]tisem5t ( ! ,b5ton h+e4 ,z /rong z ! re/ ( ! pap]6 he sc(f$4 ,we'll see ab\t ?is6 ,s5d me a sample1 he wrote u4 ,if y\r ad tells ! tru?1 y get my ord]4 ,we s5t x4 ,he te/$ x4 ,he pull$ x1 crumpl$ x1 rul$ on x1 eras$ x on bo? sides1 & ev5 creas$ x4 ,b x did n break4 ,v cauti\sly & d\bt+ly he tri$ ! pap] 9 "o l$g] = "o mon?4 ,he f\nd t ! book roll$ flat :5ev] x 0 op5$1 t no h+e tore1 & t e page c\ld be us$ f b9d] to out] edge4 ,x does ! "w1 he told our salesman at ! end ( ! mon?4 ,x saves sev5 p] c5t4 ,s5d me a consignm5t4 ,if y1 too1 are pay+ sev5 p] c5t ( y\r bookkeep]s' sal>ies = wa/e motion1 let u s5d y a sample4 ,x w cut d[n y\r exp5ses z x cut d[n ,mr4 ,samuels'4 ,rememb] t y put y\rself "u no obligation to u4 ,y take no risks4 ,simply promise to use ! pap] if we s5d x free4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #bbd ,/udy ! foll[+ lett]s & lett] op5+s = good & bad qualities3 #a ,de> ,sir3 ,p :o h n _h mu* ( :at ! _w calls good luck f9d x h>d to believe an opportunity :5 x comes--!y don't feel sure ab\t x--on ! o!r h&1 p :o h _h _m opportunities h a natural confid5ce t e op5+ pres5t$ is int5d$ = !m & !y grasp x ) an assurance t begets success4 ,y may be "o ( ^? :o h n _h _m *ances to d :at y w\ld l to d & !re=e n sure t my (f] is an opportunity4 ,= t reason let u aga9 g ov] ! po9ts ( advantage4444 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,i am tak+ ! lib]ty ( writ+ y aga9 because ,i fe> y d n fully realize ! value ( ! proposition ,i am (f]+ y4 ,:y1 man1 x's ! opportunity ( a life-"t6444 7ext5d$ = ?ree pages47 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,if we want$ to "k j :at k9d ( p]son y are1 d y "k :]e we'd g to f9d out8 ,we'd ask y\r old fri5ds & neighbors1 :o "k all ab\t y f close association4 ,if y want to f9d out ab\t u--:at we are do+ & :at improvem5ts we are mak+ 9 s\!rn ,florida--! be/ place to get ?is in=mation is f ! p ( ,florida1 :o "k ! facts f fir/-h& obs]vation4 ,! enclos$ clipp+ is an editorial expression--n a paid adv]tisem5t--f ! ,ft4 ,mey]s ,press4 ,! editor is "u no obligation to u & is m]ely express+ ! op9ion ( ! p "h4 4 4 4 #d ,new ,york1 ,"r ,n[4 ,a ,,deal ,,( ,,importance ,x affects ,,y6 ,x is s important ,i mu/ =ego ! pleasure ( a p]sonal lett] 9 ord] to write #e1jjj p to-day--#ejj ( :om--! wide-awake ones :o read ?is lett] ?r\gh--w be able to co9 x into doll>s--real money--money y c sp5d4 ,:at we n[ (f] y has nev] be=e be5 (f]$ by any body 9 ! _w4 ,x is a comb9ation we are =tunate en\gh1 j at ?is "t1 to be able to (f] y1 because ( an important deal we h j clos$--a deal t may easily spell doll>s to y4 ,read e ^w ( ?is lett]--x may be--possibly is--! only ?+ to make y a successful & weal?y man4 4 4 4 #e ,r ,f ,d #d ,logansport1 ,ind4 #h-bf-aa4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,smi?1 etc4 ,de> ,sir3 ,i ackn[l$ge gett+ y\r telegram ov] ! telephone ye/]day1 & if ,i _h be5 9 funds w\ld h answ]$ by return telegram1 b su* is life4 ,i accommodat$ a fri5d by loan+ him #gej1 :i* w probably be paid ! la/ week ( nev]4 ,i ?ank y = ! (f]1 & :5 ,i am 9 funds w call on y ei!r p]sonally or by lett]4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,ex]cise #bbe--,op5+ an ,acc\nt ,imag9e t y are manag] ( a :olesale dry goods h\se4 ,y h receiv$ an ord] f ,p4 ,h4 ,p[ley1 #bc ,wat] /reet1 ,frankl91 ,mi*4 ,z y d n "k ,mr4 ,p[ley1 write him1 /at+ 9 z c\rte\s a way z possible t1 s9ce ?is is 8 fir/ ord]1 he mu/ ei!r furni% ref]5ces or s5d a remittance4 ,make y\r lett] direct & p]sonal4 ,include "s good sell+ talk4 ,! ex]cise above illu/rates ! me?od t might be adopt$ 9 case ( a small ord]4 ,if ,mr4 ,p[ley _h s5t a l>ge ord]1 ! :olesale h\se w\ld no d\bt consult a f9ancial ag5cy to discov] 8 f9ancial condition2 8 rat+1 x is call$4 ,if 8 "n 7 n f\nd 9 ! book ( ! ag5cy1 ! :olesale h\se w\ld require ,mr4 ,p[ley to s5d a correct acc\nt ( 8 f9ancial /&+2 t is1 a li/ ( 8 assets & liabilities4 ,if he refus$1 !y w\ld n d bus9ess ) him4 ,:y8 ,! pr9cipal f9ancial ag5cies are ,brad/reet & ,dun4 ,besides ^!1 !re are _m m]cantile ag5cies4 ,!y give any in=mation t is requir$ conc]n+ a bus9ess man4 ,all su* in=mation is confid5tial4 ,9 connection ) ?is ex]cise /udy ! lett]s t foll[3 ,,reque/ ,,to ,,op5 ,,an ,,acc\nt ,madison1 ,wis41 ,sept4 #af1 #aiae4 ,wilson1 ,brighton1 ,co41 #fh ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,g5tlem53 ,until rec5tly ,i 0 9 ! employ ( ,samuel ,/ratton ,co4 ( ,milwaukee1 b ,i h n[ />t$ a bus9ess ( my own1 = :i* ,i %\ld l to op5 an acc\nt ) y\r h\se4 ,z to my bus9ess ability & f9ancial /&+1 ,i ref] y to my late employ]s1 ,samuel ,/ratton ,co4 ( ,milwaukee1 & to ! ,madison ,/ate ,bank ( ?is city4 ,if on inve/igation y decide to accept me z a cu/om]1 w y please s5d ! goods on ! enclos$ ord]1 d$uct+ y\r usual disc\nt = ca%8 ,^u receipt ( ! goods & ( ! invoice1 ,i %all at once =w>d a sight draft on ! ,broadway ,national ,bank ( y\r city4 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,george ,r4 ,scott ,,reply ,,no4 #a ,de> ,sir3 ,9 seek+ in=mation ?r\gh ! usual outside *annels = bas+ cr$it = y1 we f9d our reports h n be5 suffici5t 9 detail to p]mit u to arrange ?is matt] satisfactorily4 ,^! reports all speak v highly ( y 9 a p]sonal way1 b d n give u ! requir$ in=mation f9ancially4 ,we assume y want our goods = y\r ,*ri/mas trade4 ,x is imp]ative1 !re=e1 t we %ip imm$iately4 ,we sugge/ t on ?is ord] y s5d u a draft1 9 consid]ation ( :i* we %all be pleas$ to all[ y a special disc\nt ( #d4 ,und]/& t we sugge/ ^! t]ms on ?is fir/ ord] only1 z we feel confid5t t we c easily arrange a cr$it basis = future %ipm5ts4 ,we s9c]ely tru/ y w take no (f5se at ! above sugge/ion1 z we h made x 9 y\r int]e/4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,reply ,,no4 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,?ank y = ! ord] y s5t u ye/]day4 ,its size confirms ! belief we h always held t ,d---- is a rapidly gr[+ bus9ess c5t]1 ! "r place = a retail] to settle & prosp]4 ,aft] c>eful consid]ation ( y\r lett]1 h[ev]1 we h decid$ to hold back y\r ord] = a %ort "t4 ,y _c regret ?is m ?an we d4 ,we d n l to lose y\r acc\nt1 & yet1 "u ! circum/ances1 we feel we _c s5d y ! ord]4 ,we hope y c sell ! prop]ty y m5tion$ 9 y\r lett] & ?us cle> up ! balances aga9/ y4 ,!n we %all gladly op5 an acc\nt = y4 ,we are especially sorry we _c s5d ! ord] at once1 z y no d\bt ne$ y\r fall /ock n[4 ,don't y ?9k x w\ld be ! be/ solution if y w\ld s5d u y\r remittance = #bej n[1 s t we may s5d ! goods8 ,we "k :at x means to buy 9 ! op5 m>ket s late 9 ! season4 ,we assure y t on receipt ( a remittance ! ord] w g ?r\gh imm$iately4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #bbf #a4 ,ord] f ! ,gr& ,rapids ,furniture ,co41 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*41 #e mahogany rock]s1 #a ,turki% rock]1 #b brass b$s1 #ab d9+ room *airs1 #b d9+ room tables4 ,supply catalogue numb]s & give %ipp+ directions4 #b4 ,! ,gr& ,rapids ,furniture ,co4 replies1 ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( ! above ord] 7give date7 b /at+ t y did n m5tion h[ y w\ld pay = ! goods4 ,on receipt ( a c]tifi$ *eck to cov] ! am\nt1 or ( ! names ( two reliable ref]5ces1 !y w be pleas$ to s5d y ! ord]4 ,make ?is a good sales lett]4 ,ex]cise #bbg #a4 ,y are a flori/ ( ,rock=d1 ,ill4 ,write to ,s4 ,m4 ,port] ,son1 #aee ,s4 ,/ate ,/reet1 ,*icago1 say+ t ?is fall y are op5+ a new dep>tm5t ( ,l&scape ,g>d5+4 ,judg+ by advance ord]s1 y w ne$ approximately #bjj %ade trees1 maples & popl>s2 #bjj fruit trees ( v>i\s k9ds2 & sev]al hundr$ fl[]+ %rubs4 ,y w probably duplicate ! ord] 9 ! spr+4 ,ask = t]ms1 say+ t y w\ld l to op5 an acc\nt4 ,give two ref]5ces4 #b4 ,s4 ,m4 ,port] ,son reply1 ackn[l$g+ y\r ord]1 & say+ t !y w be pleas$ to d bus9ess ) y on sixty days' cr$it1 t]ms #ej & #e4 ,if ?is is satisfactory1 !y w add y\r "n to _! books4 ,make x a sales lett]4 ,ex]cise #bbh #a4 ,samuel ,rad=d ( ,d\glas1 ,mi*41 wi%es to buy a motor boat4 ,he ord]s ( ! ,mod]n ,/eel ,boat ,co41 manufactur]s ( high grade motor boats1 ,detroit1 ,mi*41 boat ,no4 #agb4 page #dbe1 catalogue ,no4 #aj4 ,! price z li/$ is #aib4 ,he accepts ! (f] !y made him ---- 7date71 ( ---- 7t]ms7 & encloses a c]tifi$ *eck = ! am\nt4 ,he gives full %ipp+ directions4 7,be sure y c d ?is47 ,he asks h[ *eaply he c obta9 cu%ions = ! boat4 #b4 ,! company reply3 ,!y h %ipp$ ! boat4 7,is ?is suffici5tly detail$87 ,a set ( new cu%ions to fit ! boat co/s #be4 ,!y h a set ( secondh& cu%ions 9 excell5t condition = #ae4 ,if ,rad=d desires ei!r ( ^!1 he %\ld wire at once at _! exp5se4 #c4 ,telegraph 8 decision4 ,ex]cise #bbi #a4 ,messrs4 ,lee & ,watk9s1 druggi/s ( ,gallon1 ,ohio1 wi% to op5 an acc\nt ) ,pi]ce1 ,k+ ,co41 #ag ,s4 ,albany ,/41 ,baltimore1 ,md41 = ! pur*ase ( l>ge ord]s on n9ety days' cr$it4 ,!y say !y d a v l>ge bus9ess z !y h ! only drug /ore )9 a radius ( sev]al miles4 ,!y give sev]al names z ref]5ces4 ,write ! lett]4 #b4 ,y are a travel+ salesman = ,pi]ce1 ,k+ ,co4 ,!y write y at ! ,union ,hotel1 ,columbus1 tell+ y ( ! =ego+ lett]1 a copy ( :i* !y enclose1 & ask+ y to inve/igate ! /&+ ( ,messrs4 ,lee & ,watk9s4 ,reply t y visit$ ! drug /ore 9 "q on a ,tuesday 7give date71 because 9 y\r exp]i5ce ! e>ly "p ( ! week is v quiet 9 ! bus9ess ( small t[ns4 ,say t two cl]ks 7 kept busy con/antly & t sev]al p spoke ( ! enorm\s bus9ess done on ,saturdays & m>ket days4 ,! firm has good cr$it 9 ! t[n4 ,y are satisfi$ t ! g5tlem5 9 "q are reliable4 #c4 ,write f ,pi]ce1 ,k+ ,co4 to ,messrs4 ,lee & ,watk9s1 ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( _! lett] ---- 7date7 & express+ pleasure 9 be+ able to ent] _! "n on ! firm's books4 ,write z c\rte\s a lett] z y c4 #d4 ,imag9e t ! salesman's reply 7#b7 _h be5 unfavorable4 ,write to ,messrs4 ,lee & ,watk9s1 refus+ !m cr$it b try+ to get _! ca% bus9ess4 ,ex]cise #bcj--,lett]s ,reque/+ ,paym5t ,x is bett] n to make ?reats 9 a collection lett] except z a la/ resort1 & !n ! ?reat %\ld be c>ri$ out4 ,x is advisable 9 a fir/ lett] ( ! k9d to take = grant$ t a cu/om] is hone/ & t ! failure to pay is an ov]sight4 ,if "s inducem5t = fur!r pur*ases is includ$ 9 ! lett] 9 ! =m ( good sell+ talk1 a remittance w probably be s5t1 & p]haps ano!r ord] z well4 ,if ! cu/om]1 h[ev]1 takes no notice ( ! fir/ lett]1 a second1 mak+ ! reque/ = paym5t m urg5t1 may foll[4 ,! tone ( ! second lett] & subsequ5t lett]s w dep5d on ! value t y put on ! cu/om]'s trade4 ,f9ally1 if he ignores all ( ^! lett]s1 dally no long]4 ,say t if paym5t is n made by a c]ta9 date1 y w draw on him at sight4 ,if he does n honor ! draft1 put ! matt] 9 ! h&s ( y\r attorney4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/udy ! foll[+ lett]s4 ,select f !m ^? t y ?9k w\ld make a good s]ies3 #a ,de> ,sir3 ,t5 days ago we mail$ y a /atem5t ( y\r acc\nt1 :i* 0 due at t "t4 ,z we h he>d no?+ f y1 we h conclud$ t ! lett] mu/ h misc>ri$4 ,we are1 !re=e1 enclos+ a duplicate ( ! =m] /atem5t4 ,we tru/ t x w rea* y safely & h y\r prompt att5tion4 ,y\rs v truly1 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,evid5tly y1 too1 are exp]i5c+ ! increase 9 bus9ess t our cu/om]s 9 g5]al are report+4 ,9 ! ru% ( ord]s y probably h ov]look$ ! fact t y\r acc\nt ) u is ?ree weeks ov]-due4 ,y\r remittances hi!rto h be5 v prompt1 & we tru/ t ?is rem9d] w be treat$ equally promptly4 ,by ! way1 h y f\nd t ! ,holeless ,socks are com+ up to our gu>antee8 ,f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry we are gett+ flatt]+ reports 9 ! =m ( big ord]s4 ,we feel t !y m]it _! popul>ity1 & ) ! ext5sive adv]tis+ campaign t we h inaugurat$ !y are b\nd to cont9ue 9 favor4 ,we are especially prep>$ at pres5t to give y an attractive price1 enabl+ y to realize l>ge pr(its on ^! socks4 ,if y ne$ m ( !m1 we c make %ipm5t at once4 ,y\rs v truly1 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,9 look+ ov] our acc\nts1 we f9d t y\r pur*ases h lately be5 increas+ consid]ably & t y\r paym5ts h be5 few & unimportant4 ,/atem5ts h be5 s5t regul>ly1 we believe1 b h probably be5 ov]look$ because ( ! /ress ( y\r o!r affairs4 ,su* ?+s1 ( c\rse1 c happ5 ) any ( u1 especially :5 we h _m o!r matt]s to look aft]4 ,we h always valu$ y\r acc\nt1 & we greatly desire our pleasant relations to cont9ue4 ,z ! am\nt t y owe u is n[ long ov]-due1 we w\ld appreciate y\r return+ ! enclos$ bill to be receipt$ dur+ ! next few days4 ,y\rs v truly1 #d ,de> ,sir3 ,y\r att5tion has twice be5 call$ to y\r acc\nt = ----1 b = "s reason y d n reply to our lett]s4 ,our t]ms1 z y "k1 are ?irty days1 & we _c all[ a long] ext5sion except by special arrangem5t4 ,we h borne ! matt] v pati5tly1 realiz+ t unusual conditions sometimes prev5t "o's do+ z he desires4 ,at ! same "t1 x is entirely out ( reason t y\r acc\nt %\ld /ill be ow+ at ?is "t4 ,may we n expect y\r remittance by return mail8 ,%\ld we n he> f y by ! #ae?1 we %all draw on y1 &1 if y h n remitt$ 9 ! meantime1 please provide = our draft ^u its arrival4 ,y\rs truly1 #e ,de> ,sir3 ,on ,m>* #ae we drew on y = #bej4 ,our draft has be5 return$ to u by ! ,blank ,bank1 unpaid4 ,y\r acc\nt is long pa/ due1 &1 al?\gh we are will+ to d almo/ any?+ to accommodate our cu/om]s1 we feel t 9 y\r case ! "t = concessions has pass$4 ,we desire y\r *eck at once = ! balance due u4 ,y are cr$it$ ) us+ consid]able money 9 y\r bus9ess1 & x w\ld seem t y %\ld )\t difficulty be able to take c>e ( am\nts su* z y owe u4 ,if we d n he> f y by ,april #a1 we %all s5d a second draft4 ,if y p]mit ?is to be return$ unpaid1 we %all be compell$ to take action to =ce collection4 ,we wi% to express ! hope1 h[ev]1 t y w n all[ ?is to be done4 ,y\rs truly1 ,ex]cise #bca ,lett] 7#b7 above is writt5 prim>ily to get a *eck = ! ov]-due acc\nt & incid5tally to get ano!r ord]4 ,suppose t ! cu/om] s5ds an ord] & no money4 ,y d n wi% to ext5d fur!r cr$it until ! old balance is paid4 ,write a tactful lett]1 say+ t y w hold back ! ord] until y receive a *eck to pay ! ov]-due acc\nt4 ,ex]cise #bcb ,write ! lett]s 9 ! foll[+ transaction3 #a4 ,j4 ,f4 ,brookmey]1 ,p]u1 ,ind41 is a deal] 9 %oes4 ,he op5$ an acc\nt ) y a mon? ago4 ,he has pur*as$ %oes to ! am\nt ( #bej4 ,y r5d]$ an acc\nt on ! fir/ ( ! mon?1 two weeks ago4 ,write a lett] say+ t y d n c>ry ov] acc\nts f mon? to mon?1 z y\r small m>g9 ( pr(it makes x impossible = y to c>ry an irregul> acc\nt4 ,make x a c\rte\s sales lett] z well z a collection lett]4 #b4 ,j4 ,h4 ,brookmey] s5ds a c]tifi$ *eck = ! full am\nt1 apologiz+ = ! delay4 ,ex]cise #bcc #a4 ,john ,r4 ,phillips1 #cb ,new ,york ,build+1 ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton1 owes y #dgj4 ,write him1 say+ t y ne$ ! money4 ,give a good reason4 ,make x a c\rte\s1 fri5dly lett]4 #b4 ,mr4 ,phillips has n answ]$ 7#a74 ,write him aga91 say+ t if y d n get a remittance by ----1 y w draw on him at sight4 #c4 ,y\r bank notifies y t y\r draft has be5 return$ unpaid4 ,write ,phillips1 ask+ = an explanation4 ,say t unless y he> by ----1 y w br+ suit4 #d4 ,phillips writes an apologetic lett]1 giv+ illness z ! reason = 8 non-paym5t4 ,he says he 0 9 ! hospital & did n receive lett]s 7#a7 & 7#b74 ,he encloses fifty doll>s & promises to pay at lea/ half ! balance next mon?1 ! full am\nt )9 sixty days4 ,write 8 lett]4 #e4 ,accept ?is (f]4 ,ex]cise #bcd--;,answ]+ ,compla9ts #a4 ,a mail ord] h\se discov]$ t its files conta9$ ! names ( #aj1jjj p :o _h once be5 cu/om]s b :o _h n b\ght any?+ = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s4 ,write a lett] 9 ! "n ( ! manag] frankly ask+ :y ! cu/om] has /opp$ buy+4 ,adv]tise ! /ock4 #b4 ,"o correspond5t 9 reply dem&s a return ( #af1 :i* he _h paid = a coat t 0 n wor? a c5t4 ,h[ w\ld y reply to ?is lett] s t ! "o mak+ ! compla9t w\ld s5d 9 an ord]8 ,write ! lett]4 ,9 connection ) ?is ex]cise /udy ! foll[+ lett]3 ,de> ,sir3 ,we wi% to ackn[l$ge y\r lett] ( ,april #af1 9 :i* y say t on ,april #ad y receiv$ a bill = five ,s ,q ,railway bonds1 :i* ,mr4 ,w5sley _h sold y on ! #aa? at #ajj & int]e/2 t y s5t u y\r *eck = ! am\nt on ! same day2 & t on ! #af?1 two days aft]w>d1 y receiv$ a lett] f u1 (f]+ a new block ( ^! bonds at #ii & int]e/4 ,?is complication 0 br\ght ab\t ?r\gh a peculi> *a9 ( circum/ances1 an explanation ( :i*1 we feel1 is only j bo? to y & to u4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,w5sley came to ! (fice on ,saturday1 ! #ab?1 he told u t he _h y\r ord] = five ( ^! bonds at #ajj & int]e/4 ,! m>ket price 0 !n #ajj & int]e/1 & we 7 v glad to give y ! b5efit ( ! m favorable price4 ,at t "t we _h no intimation t m ( ^! bonds 7 com+ on ! m>ket4 ,q unexpect$ly on ,monday we receiv$ notice f our ,bo/on (fice t !y _h 9 view a new block ( ! bonds4 ,ev5 at t "t we did n "k def9itely t we w\ld get !m4 ,on ,tuesday1 aga9 q unexpect$ly1 we 7 in/ruct$ by our ,bo/on (fice t ! bonds _h be5 secur$ & 7 to be (f]$ imm$iately at #ii & int]e/4 ,s sudd5ly did ! entire transaction take place t we 7 unable to prep>e a new circul>1 & on ,tuesday night we m]ely s5t out a lett]1 tell+ our cu/om]s t we _h an additional block ( ^! bonds4 ,9 fact1 ! new circul> w n be ready until ab\t noon ( to-morr[4 ,we realize t y %\ld h be5 in=m$ ( ! new price4 ,! bonds1 h[ev]1 came on ! m>ket s quickly & 9 tak+ c>e ( ! details ( ! (f]+ we 7 s busy t ! matt]1 un=tunately1 0 ov]look$4 ,we are glad1 !re=e1 to make adju/m5t ( ! price n[ by hav+ our bank+ dep>tm5t s5d y our *eck = #ej4 ,x is unnecess>y = u to say1 we presume1 t we regret ?is occurr5ce & to assure y t _h we kn[n ( ! new bonds on ,saturday we w\ld h advis$ y to hold (f y\r pur*ase until ! (f]+ 0 ready4 ,we feel t y "k u & ! policy ( our h\se well en\gh to be sure t we w\ld n willfully take advantage ( y 9 ?is way4 ,we tru/ t ! arrangem5t t we h made satisfactorily /raight5s out ! matt]4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,ex]cise #bce #a4 ,:at is ! advantage ( ! policy %[n 9 ! foll[+ sugge/ion f ,sy/em8 ,! manag] ( a retail e/abli%m5t says3 ,we nev] refuse to refund money4 ,if a dissatisfi$ cu/om] returns a pur*ase1 be=e we ask :at ! tr\ble is we refund 8 money gladly4 ,:5 he is free to walk out ( ! /ore ) 8 money1 we try to f9d ! s\rce ( ! tr\ble4 ,g5]ally we c adju/ ! difficulty & make a sale4 #b4 ,/ate ! advantage 9 ! policy ( a l>ge clo?+ conc]n :i* foll[s ! sale ( e suit or ov]coat ) a lett] to ! cu/om]1 ask+ him :e!r ! pur*ase is prov+ satisfactory4 #c4 ,write su* a lett]4 ,ex]cise #bcf #a4 ,conrad ,h4 ,h>wood ( #abb ,w9t] ,/reet1 ,v&alia1 ,ill41 writes to ,wilson1 ,black ,co41 manufactur]s ( %oes1 #ajj ,second ,/reet1 ,lynn1 ,mass41 ask+ :y !y are n s5d+ 8 ord] ( ---- 7! goods ord]$7 ( ---- 7date74 ,he is los+ sales because ( ! delay4 ,if ! goods are n receiv$ be=e ----1 ,h>wood w cancel ! ord]4 #b4 ,wilson1 ,black ,co4 ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( ,h>wood's lett] & say t ?is is ! fir/ notice !y h receiv$ ( su* an ord]4 ,! fir/ lett] mu/ h misc>ri$4 ,!y h %ipp$ ! goods4 ,be v c\rte\s4 ,ex]cise #bcg #a4 ,c4 ,f4 ,g>dn]1 a m]*ant ( #dcb ,puyallup ,ave41 ,tacoma1 ,wa%41 has receiv$ notice f ! ,c4,m4 ,p4,s4,r4,r4 freight (fice t a box ( goods has arriv$ f ,messrs4 ,fiske ,jones1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,g>dn] ord]$ ! goods a mon? ago4 ,he writes ,messrs4 ,fiske ,jones t he refuses to accept ! goods because ( ! delay4 ,he has b\ght else:]e 9 ! meantime4 #b4 ,fiske ,jones apologize = ! delay & expla9 t x 0 due to ! unreliability ( "o ( _! %ipp+ cl]ks1 :o has s9ce be5 dis*>g$4 ,!y _h kn[n no?+ ( ! matt] until ,g>dn]'s lett] ( compla9t arriv$4 ,!y assure him t he w nev] suff] ano!r su* inconv5i5ce4 #c4 ,fiske ,jones telegraph ! ,c4,m4 ,p4,s4,r4,r4 to return ! goods at ,fiske ,jones's exp5se4 ,write ! telegram4 ,ex]cise #bch--,lett]s ( ,application ,a lett] ( application usually has ?ree p>ts4 ,9 writ+ su* a lett]1 fir/1 tell :]e y saw ! adv]tisem5t & apply = ! position2 second1 tell y\r qualifications & give y\r ref]5ces2 ?ird1 end ! lett] appropriately1 possibly ask+ = an int]view4 ,?is is a difficult k9d ( lett] to write4 ,n only %\ld x be neat 9 appe>ance & cle>ly writt51 b x %\ld also be s c>efully word$ t x w %[ en\gh ( ! writ]'s individuality to di/+ui% x f a =m4 ,be nei!r hesitant nor bold1 b tell y\r qualifications 9 a simple1 /raight=w>d way4 ,/udy ! foll[+ lett]s4 ,are !y conv9c+8 ,d !y %[ ! p]sonality ( ! writ]s1 or are !y m]e =ms8 #a ,g5tlem53 ,y\r adv]tisem5t 9 to-day's ,record = a salesman :o kn[s ! tea & c(fee bus9ess int]e/s me4 ,i %\ld l y to consid] my application = ! position4 ,s9ce my graduation f ! ,blank ,high ,s*ool1 f\r ye>s ago1 ,i h be5 employ$ z salesman = ! ,economy ,:olesale ,c(fee ,co41 a firm do+ bus9ess 9 ?is city & its outly+ di/ricts4 ,dur+ ^! f\r ye>s ,i h ga!r$ a wide k ( ! pr9ciples ( ! buy+ & sell+ ( c(fees & teas & ( ! grades & bl5ds ( bo?1 j ! tra9+1 x seems to me1 t y wi% to secure4 ,y may dep5d ^u my tak+ an active int]e/ 9 y\r bus9ess1 because ,i h an int5se desire to advance4 ,i myself v\* = my hone/y & e>ne/ness1 & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,br[n ( ! firm m5tion$ above has assur$ me t he w supply y ) any in=mation t y may wi% z to my "* or ability4 ,he endorses my desire to secure a broad] opportunity4 ,if ! position t y h to (f] is "o 9 :i* !re is a real future = an en]getic1 capable man1 ,i %\ld l to h an int]view ) y4 ,y\rs v respectfully1 #b ,de> ,sir3 ,i am answ]+ y\r adv]tisem5t 9 to-day's ,record = a cl]k because ,i wi% to get />t$ 9 ! :olesale dry goods bus9ess1 my idea be+ to "w into ! sales dep>tm5t4 ,if ! position t y adv]tise af=ds su* an opportunity1 ,i wi% to apply = x4 ,i h _h a little exp]i5ce 9 ! retail dry goods bus9ess1 hav+ work$ z cl]k = ,mr4 ,amos ,jones ( ?is city dur+ ! pa/ two summ]s4 ,:at ,i h se5 & le>n$ ( ! bus9ess makes me feel t ,i h ability z a dry goods salesman4 ,i %all be glad to "w h>d 9 a cl]ical position if only ,i get a *ance to le>n & to advance4 ,i am eighte5 ye>s ( age & h j graduat$ f ! ,blank ,high ,s*ool1 :]e ,i took ! f\r-ye> comm]cial c\rse4 ,?is1 z y "k1 includes bus9ess ari?metic1 bookkeep+1 & "s bus9ess practice4 ,dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ,i 0 bus9ess manag] ( ! high s*ool pap]4 ,?is position gave me consid]able exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ details rapidly & 9 solicit+ adv]tis+4 ,x is ?is latt] exp]i5ce t makes me feel t ,i w\ld h success 9 sell+4 ,i am confid5t t ,i c please y1 & ,i %\ld be grateful if y w grant me an int]view4 ,mr4 ,amos ,jones1 #hae ,e4 #dg? ,/41 w be glad to give y any in=mation t y may wi% z to my "w1 & if y desire ,i c furni% o!r ref]5ces4 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,ex]cise #bci ,apply = ! foll[+ positions3 #a4 ,,(fice ,,man--:o c h&le correspond5ce & g5]al (fice "w = gr[+ ,nor? side manufactur+ company4 ,good opportunity = ! "r man4 ,/ate exp]i5ce & sal>y expect$4 ,address ,a4 ,h4 ,/anton1 #ag ,elm ,/4 #b4 ,,mail ,,ord] ,,man--up-to-date1 exp]i5c$2 mu/ h ability & be capable ( h&l+ a l>ge volume ( correspond5ce2 mu/ also be a pu%] & sy/ematiz]4 ,9 reply give ref]5ces1 age1 & detail$ exp]i5ce4 ,address ,x4 ,w4 #bia ,news4 #c4 ,,ambiti\s ,,"y ,,m5--:o are will+ to />t at ! bottom to le>n /eel & iron bus9ess2 mu/ be high s*ool or college graduates1 or h equival5t education1 & furni% exceptional ref]5ces2 v good opportunity = ! future4 ,address ,a4 ,f4 #cfa ,times4 #d4 ,,bright ,,"y ,,man--= (fice "w 9 l>ge manufactur+ plant1 ,nor?we/ side2 mu/ be neat1 quick1 & accurate at figures4 ,/ate age1 exp]i5ce1 & sal>y expect$4 ,address ,j4 ,f4 ,holtz ,co41 #cbj ,w4 ,ex*ange ,/4 #e4 ,,(fice ,,cl]k--a girl :o c write a pla91 rapid1 legible h&2 desirable1 p]man5t position1 & excell5t *ance = advancem5t4 ,give age1 exp]i5ce1 if any1 & :]e =m]ly employ$4 ,sal>y #f4jj to />t4 ,address ,t4 ,p4 #ead ,*ronicle4 #f4 ,,help ,,want$--salesman hav+ e/abli%$ trade on rubb] or lea!r footwe> 9 ,mi*igan1 nor!rn ,indiana1 nor?we/ ,ohio1 or ea/]n ,wiscons94 ,good *ance to become connect$ ) live middle-we/]n jobb+ h\se4 ,give late exp]i5ce4 ,address ,g#gbd ,boot & ,%oe ,record]1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,ex]cise #bdj--;,contract = ,pa9t+ ,iron ,"w #a4 ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co41 #cbe ,second ,/41 ,pittsburgh1 are receiv+ bids = pa9t+ ! iron "w ( ! bridge to be con/ruct$ ov] ! ,*eesequake ,creek at ,morgan ,/ation1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j4 ,! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co41 ( ,h>risburg1 ,pa41 write say+ !y w\ld l to figure on ! "w4 ,!y ask ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co2 to s5d plans & specifications4 ,write ! lett] s5t by ! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co4 #b4 ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co4 reply t !y are s5d+ plans & specifications4 ,!y say t bids mu/ be 9 by ,m>* #aj4 ,write ! lett]4 #c4 ,! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co4 write t page two1 l9e f\r1 ( ! specifications = ! bridge to be con/ruct$ 7/ate 9 detail7 reads & pa9t all beams und]nea? two coats ( d>k gre51 & page f\r1 l9e t51 reads all upright beams above & und]nea? to be pa9t$ two coats ( light gre5 betwe5 %ades ?ree & f\r4 ,!y ask :i* is correct4 ,write ! lett]4 ,be exact4 #d4 ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co4 reply t page two1 l9e f\r1 is correct4 ,expla9 9 detail4 #e4 ,! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co4 agree to d ! "w on 7repeat exactly :at bridge y mean7 = ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,!y gu>antee to f9i% ! "w by ,april #cj1 accord+ to ! specifications4 ,!y w =feit fifty doll>s = e day aft] t date until ! bridge is f9i%$4 ,write ! proposal or bid4 #f4 ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co4 write1 say+ t !y accept ! bid above & t !y enclose duplicate contracts1 "o ( :i* !y h sign$ & :i* ! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co4 is to keep4 ,! o!r ! ,b>n>d ,em]son ,co4 is to sign & return to ,james ,w4 ,walk] ,co4 ,ex]cise #bda--;,contract = ! ,deliv]y ( ,prop]ty #a4 ,! ,arl+ton ,coal ,company1 ,old ,colony ,build+1 ,*icago1 ,ill41 write to ! ,r$ ,rock ,coal ,company1 ,auburn1 ,ill41 say+ t !y ne$ sev]al c>s ( egg coal p] week ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,!y ask if ! ,r$ ,rock ,coal ,co4 wi% to (f] "s on contract4 ,if s1 !y mu/ /ate h[ ! coal is scre5$1 & give _! l[e/ price4 ,write ! lett]4 #b4 ,! ,r$ ,rock ,coal ,co4 reply t !y w (f] egg coal = %ipm5t at ! rate ( two c>s p] week ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 at #a4ae p] net ton1 c>s f4o4b4 m9es4 ,if a contract 7 drawn up = ?ree or m c>s p] week1 !y w\ld give ! coal = #a4ab p] net ton4 ,!y say _! egg is an excell5t /eam produc+ coal & gives g5]al satisfaction4 ,x is %ipp$ f ! ,r$ ,rock m9e via ! ,*icago ,alton ,railroad1 freight rate be+ #hb p] ton4 ,write ! lett]4 #c4 ,! ,arl+ton ,coal ,co4 write t ! ,r$ ,rock ,coal ,co4 may s5d a "o ye> contract drawn 9 triplicate = ?ree c>s ( egg coal p] week at #a4ab p] net ton1 c>s f4o4b4 m9es4 ,( c\rse x is und]/ood t ! usual clauses reg>d+ accid5ts or o!r unavoidable happ5+s on ei!r side w be ins]t$4 ,write ! lett]4 ,ex]cise #bdb--;,contract = ,con/ruction ,,news ,,item4--,bids w be receiv$ until ,dec4 #ab by ! ,*airman ( ! ,bo>d ( ,public ,works1 ,nor? ,b5d1 ,wa%+ton1 = ! con/ruction ( a solid concrete bridge ov] ! ,snoqualmie ,riv] at ,nor? ,b5d2 d\ble ar*1 ) "o pi] 9 ! riv]2 span ( ar* #ib feet2 wid? ( bridge #ej feet4 ,plans may be _h by address+ ! ,*airman4 ,! ,mc,claine ,con/ruction ,co41 ( ,spokane1 ,wa%41 s5d 9 a bid = #be1jjj1 gu>antee+ to use ,atlas ,portl& cem5t1 cru%$ rock = ! co>se aggregate1 & torp$o s& = ! f9e aggregate1 ! concrete to be re9=c$ ) ! ,kahn sy/em ( re9=cem5t z set =? 9 ! specifications4 ,! company specify1 fur!r1 t !y %all be paid extra = excavation1 on ! scale ( #be a y>d = e>?1 #ge a y>d = loose rock & h>d pan1 & #a4jj a y>d = solid rock4 ,write ! lett] t !y s5d4 ,ex]cise #bdc--;,=m ,lett]s ,x frequ5tly happ5s 9 bus9ess t y receive a numb] ( lett]s requir+ practically ! same answ]4 ,9 su* cases1 ! be/ plan is to h "o lett] t is z good a lett] ( its k9d z y c write4 ,use t z an answ] to all ^? to :i* x c be made to apply4 ,y may h to add a bit ( in=mation or *ange a ^w "h & !re1 b1 practically1 y are us+ ! same =m = all ! lett]s4 ,:5 y h ma/]$ ! =m1 ! answ]+ ( lett]s ( ?is class w be a simple matt]4 ,! lett] accompany+ a catalogue may easily be a =m4 7,see ! second lett] 9 ,ex]cise #bbc47 ,! dang]1 h[ev]1 is t ! use ( =m lett]s t5ds to make "w me*anical4 ,:5 lett]s are diff]5t1 !y mu/ receive diff]5t replies4 ,a =m lett] %\ld nev] be us$ j because x is easy to use :5 x does n really apply4 ,m&el ,bros41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 ann\nce _! annual sale ( silk remnants4 ,make ?is a good adv]tisem5t t w rea* sev]al classes ( cu/om]s4 ,h 9 x z "o item :ite wa% silk ( heavy quality1 #cf in*es wide1 at #dg c5ts a y>d4 #a4 ,make out a sales lett] = ! above4 #b4 ,sev]al mail ord]s h be5 receiv$ 9 excess ( ! supply4 ,make out a =m lett] t c\ld be s5t :5 ! money is return$4 ,:at is ! advantage ( a =m lett] 9 ?is case8 ,ex]cise #bdd--;,circul> & ,foll[-up ,lett]s ,!re is a class ( lett]s t usually orig9ates 9 ! adv]tis+ dep>tm5t ( a firm4 ,!y are n s5t out to answ] inquiries1 b to solicit new cu/om]s & to keep old ones4 ,su* lett]s are pr9t$ 9 l>ge numb]s 9 imitation ( typewrit+1 & ! introduction & ! salutation are aft]w>d c>efully fill$ 9 on ! typewrit]4 ,! int5tion1 ( c\rse1 is to make ! recipi5t feel t he has receiv$ a p]sonal lett]4 ,firms are g5]ally c>eful to fill 9 ! signature 9 p5 & ink4 ,^! are call$ circul> lett]s4 7,see ! la/ lett] 9 ,ex]cise #bbc47 ,^! lett]s are v important & ea* ye> m num]\s4 ,frequ5tly a s]ies ( !m is writt51 ea* "o exp&+ "o argum5t 9 a s]ies ( argum5ts4 ,if all ! lett]s are read1 "o aft] ! o!r1 y h a complete li/ ( reasons :y y %\ld buy ! p>ticul> article :i* ! lett]s adv]tise4 ,^! lett]s are s5t out regul>ly1 s t ! effect ( "o may n q we> (f be=e ! next arrives4 ,x is frequ5tly ! case t n until ! ?ird or f\r? lett] is s5t out does any reply come4 ,su* lett]s %\ld be def9itely plann$ 9 ord] to pres5t argum5ts t are true & attractive4 ,!y mu/ be simply & cle>ly writt54 ,!y are call$ foll[-up lett]s4 ,! foll[+ s]ies ( foll[-up lett]s 0 int5d$ to be s5t to wom5 :o keep no maids4 ,! s]ies 0 plann$ to conta9 five lett]s4 ,write two m1 us+ diff]5t appeals f ^? 9 ! lett]s "h giv54 #a ,de> ,madam3 ,d y rememb] ! fairy tale ( ,little ,two-,eyes8 ,a fairy1 out ( pity = ! *ild's hung]1 spread a table be=e h] ea* day z %e 0 wat*+ ! goat 9 ! field1 & :5 h] appetite 0 satisfi$ all ! *ild _h to say 01 ,table cle> y\rself1 & ! di%es magically disappe>$4 ,?is is a beautiful way to keep h\se1 0 ,two-,eyes' v]dict1 & e woman1 ?9k+ ( h] own di/a/e ( dirty di%es1 w agree4 ,h[ ,i hate di%wa%+6 ,y h said x hundr$s ( times--aft] e meal1 probably4 ,i l to cook & bake1 y decl>e4 ,!y are really int]e/+4 ,!re is fun 9 try+ new recipes--b ! di%es6 ,y enjoy giv+ lun*eon & d9n] p>ties4 ,x is a delightful way ( meet+ "o's fri5ds4 ,moreov]1 y are ju/ly pr\d ( y\r skill 9 cook+1 & y l to %[ y\r beautiful *9a4 ,b :at a damp] x is on y\r _s ( good-fell[%ip1 aft] ! gue/s are gone1 to h to sp5d an h\r or m wa%+ ! di%es4 ,!n y w\ld l to say1 ) ! *ild 9 ! /ory1 ,di%es wa% y\rselves6 ,w\ldn't y8 ,well1 y may4 ,= ?irty days--n9ety meals--we w put ! ,fairy ,di%wa%] 9 y\r home1 )\t *>g+ y a p5ny4 ,! ma*9e is simplicity itself4 ,:eel ! cab9et into y\r d9+ room1 alongside y\r s]v+ table1 &1 z a c\rse is f9i%$1 )\t ris+ f y\r place1 /ack ! di%es into ! wa%]4 ,:5 y h f9i%$ ! meal1 :eel ! cab9et into y\r kit*51 make ! connection1 & turn ! swit*4 ,9 a few m9utes ! di%es are wa%$ & dri$4 ,hav+ fri5ds 9 to d9n] is fun :5 ! ,fairy wa%es ! di%es4 ,let ! ,fairy d y\rs4 ,simply return ?is lett] to u 9 ! enclos$ envelope1 mak+ sure t y\r "n & address are correct1 & we'll s5d y ! ,fairy4 ,use x ?ree times a day = ?irty days4 ,!n if y ?9k y c get along z well )\t ! ma*9e1 all t y ne$ to d is to s5d u a po/al c>d1 tell+ u s4 ,we'll take back ! ,fairy & ask no que/ions4 ,b s5d to-day4 ,y\rs v truly1 #b ,de> ,madam3 ,did y ev] envy ano!r woman's smoo?1 :ite h&s8 ,y look$ at h]s1 & !n y look$ at y\rs2 y sigh$ & ?\ght1 ,x's di%wa%+4 ,b :at c y d8 ,hav5't y tri$ ev]y?+ to make di%wa%+ less drudg]y8 ,hav5't y tri$ pat5t soaps & tepid wat]1 only to f9d t ! di%es 7 n clean8 ,hav5't y tri$ di% mops1 scrap]s1 & rubb] gloves1 only to f9d t ! mop & ! scrap] sav$ b "o h&8 ,z = rubb] gloves1 z likely z n1 ! fir/ "t y us$ !m !y 7 caught on ! prong ( a =k & 7 !reaft] useless4 ,yes1 y've tri$ ev]y?+2 hav5't y8 ,no1 y hav5't4 ,y h n tri$ ! only sure help t !re is4 ,/op y\r drudg]y & let ! ,fairy wa% y\r di%es4 ,= ?irty days--n9ety trials--we w put ! ,fairy ,di%wa%] 9 y\r home1 absolutely free ( *>ge1 gu>ante$ to wa% & /]ilize y\r di%es 9 boil+ wat]1 )\t a t\* ( y\r h&4 ,d y\r manicur+ :ile ! ,fairy does ! di%es4 ,pay no money1 b s5d ! enclos$ po/al c>d to-day4 ,x w br+ ! ,fairy at once4 ,v truly y\rs1 #c ,de> ,madam3 ,an extra h\r ( leisure e day6 ,:at is x wor? to y8 ,?9k :at y c\ld d if "s "o w\ld give y an extra h\r ( leisure e day4 ,!re's ! book y w\ld l to read1 ! call y ought to make1 ! embroid]y y wi% y c\ld f9i%4 ,!re are ! ?\s& & "o ?+s t a h\sekeep] cont9ually wi%es %e c\ld d--b :]e c %e get ! "t8 ,& yet y wa/e at lea/ an h\r ea* day wa%+ di%es :5 ! ,fairy ,di%wa%] w n only save y ! "t b rid y ( a di/a/eful task4 ,y pay #af-b_/c c5ts a day = five mon?s & ! ,fairy does y\r di%es e day2 y buy y\rself an extra h\r e day1--y are an h\r ahead e day = ! re/ ( y\r life4 ,is x wor? ! price8 ,rememb] t we all[ y to use ! ,fairy = ?irty days--n9ety meals--be=e y pay a p5ny4 ,!n = five mon?s y s5d u five doll>s a mon?1 & we gu>antee t y w decl>e x ! be/ tw5ty-five doll>s t y ev] sp5t4 ,s5d ! enclos$ po/al c>d to-day4 ,x w br+ ! ,fairy & a booklet ( full directions4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,ex]cise #bde ,y h b\ght a big tract ( l& 9 ,alabama4 ,y wi% to sell a "p uncle>$1 to set out a "p 9 pecan trees1 & to devote a "p to truck f>ms4 ,write ?ree lett]s to ! same man1 mak+ ea* "o /rong] ?an ! "o be=e4 ,keep 9 m9d ! five ess5tials ( a good lett]4 7,see page #bcj47 #a4 ,(f] ! uncle>$ l& at a v l[ price4 ,(f] z _m inducem5ts z y c1 su* z desirability ( location1 f]tility ( ! soil1 & comp>ison 9 price ) o!r l& 9 ! same neighborhood4 #b4 ,y receiv$ no response f 7#a74 ,try to sell ! section 9 :i* y are plant+ pecan trees4 ,:at inducem5ts c\ld y (f] t might rea* a man :o 0 n affect$ by 7#a78 #c4 ,y receiv$ no response f 7#a7 or 7#b74 ,try to sell a truck f>m4 ,:at inducem5ts c\ld y (f] t might lead a man to buy a truck f>m :5 he _h no int]e/ 9 ei!r uncle>$ l& or pecan trees8 ,ex]cise #bdf #a4 ,! ,mod]n ,magaz9e (f]s a set ( ,m>k ,twa9's complete works absolutely free if y subscribe = "o ye> = ! ,mod]n ,magaz9e & ! ,h\sehold ,magaz9e at ! regul> price ( #b = ! ,mod]n ,magaz9e & #a4ej = ! ,h\sehold ,magaz9e4 ,?is (f] expires ---- 7date74 ,write ! lett]4 #b4 ,y h n respond$4 ,! ,mod]n ,magaz9e feels t y c\ld n h und]/ood its (f]4 ,^! are no *eap books4 ,to prove ?is1 ! firm is will+ to s5d y ! books to all[ y to exam9e !m be=e y s5d any money4 ,if y accept !m1 pay ! express ag5t2 if n1 return ! books at ! exp5se ( ! ,mod]n ,magaz9e4 ,rememb] t ?is (f] expires ---- 7date74 #c4 ,y h n respond$4 ,! magaz9e ext5ds ! "t4 ,give a reason = ! ext5sion ( ! "t4 ,:at criticism c y make on 7#c78 ,ex]cise #bdg ,a druggi/ 0 oblig$ to move f 8 corn] /ore f\r doors ea/ on a side /reet4 ,he decid$ to adv]tise by s5d+ a s]ies ( foll[-up lett]s embody+ ! foll[+ ideas3 #a4 ,*ange ( location because ----4 #b4 ,/ick to y\r druggi/ because he holds ! key to y\r heal?4 #c4 ,:at is ! reason t my trade is /ay+ ) me8 7,prizes = ! be/ answ]47 #d4 ,! reasons :y trade /ays ) me--:at my patrons say4 #e4 ,! pure food "q--:y we mu/ h&le only fre% drugs4 #f4 ,we are regi/]$ ph>maci/s--:at ?is means to y4 #g4 ,:y our sales exp5se is small] n[ ?an =m]ly--h[ y pr(it4 ,ex]cise #bdh ,a furniture h\se sell+ goods on mon?ly paym5ts decides to adv]tise by s5d+ a s]ies ( foll[-up lett]s1 us+ ! foll[+ reasons :y y %\ld buy1 "o 9 ea* lett]3 #a4 ,v>iety ( /ock2 assurance t !y c please1 no matt] :at y wi%4 ,amplify4 #b4 ,reliability ( ! firm4 #c4 ,! small pr(it on :i* !y run _! bus9ess gives y an excell5t opportunity ( buy+ good values at l[ prices4 #d4 ,buy+ on ! easy paym5t plan enables y to h ! use ( y\r furniture :ile y are /ill pay+ = x4 ,:y is 7#d7 a poor argum5t8 ,ex]cise #bdi ,write a s]ies ( lett]s to sell an electric wa%+ ma*9e1 us+ ! foll[+ items3 #a4 ,! ma*9e is ball be>+2 !re=e v easy to "w4 ,y c sit d[n :ile y d y\r week's wa%+4 ,! only "w requir$ is hang+ ! clo!s out ( doors4 #b4 ,x saves laundry bills4 #c4 ,summ>y ( 7#a7 & 7#b74 ,! inve/m5t requir$ is n l>ge4 ,special plans = paym5t4 #d4 ,! ma*9e is durable4 #e4 ,summ>y ( ! above4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ t dur+ ! "t t has elaps$ s9ce 7#a7 0 receiv$ ! ma*9e might h be5 paid = out ( ! money sp5t = laundry bills4 ,,"p ,,iii--,,bus9ess ,,practice ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,manufacture ,,! foll[+ *apt]s w furni% ex]cises 9 composition1 bo? oral & writt51 bas$ ^u ! v>i\s phases ( bus9ess4 ,!y are int5d$ to %[ ! application ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ manufactur+1 buy+1 & sell+4 ,( c\rse1 we _c expect to g into great detail 9 any "o ( ! divisions4 ,t mu/ be res]v$ = future /udy1 p]haps res]v$ until ! "t t y ent] a p>ticul> bus9ess4 ,we mu/ rememb] t our fir/ consid]ation is ! /udy ( ,engli%1 ! problem ( cle>-cut expression4 ,und]ly+ cle>-cut expression is cle>-cut ?9k+4 ,x _c be repeat$ too (t5 t )\t a def9ite ?\ght !re c be no def9ite word+ ( ! ?\ght4 ,to say1 ,i "k1 b ,i don't "k h[ to tell x1 %[s a lazy bra94 ,le>n to ex]cise y\r ?9k+ p[]s s t y c =ce !m to /ay ^u a subject until y h ?\ght x out c>efully & c express x4 ,all ( ! oral ex]cises 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s require c>eful prep>ation4 ,?is does n mean t !y %\ld be writt5 out be=e ! recitation1 b x does mean t !y mu/ be c>efully ?\ght out4 ,! prep>ation ne$ n take a p>ticul> =m4 ,! ma9 ?+ is t y "k exactly ! po9ts t y wi% to make be=e y beg9 to speak4 ,if ! ex]cise calls = a p>agraph1 h cle>ly 9 m9d ! plan by :i* y expect to exp& y\r ?\ght4 ,p]haps y expect to beg9 )1 or to lead up to1 a topic s5t5ce4 ,rememb] t ?is may be done 9 sev]al ways4 ,*oose :i*ev] plan seems be/4 ,if ! ex]cise does n call = a p>ticul> =m1 su* z a p>agraph or a debate1 y are left free to develop y\r ?\ght 9 ! way t y ?9k fits y\r subject be/ & to ! l5g? :i* y ?9k x dem&s4 ,!re are _m diff]5t k9ds ( bus9esses4 ,we %all n attempt to consid] any except ! mo/ common & fundam5tal4 ,"s1 l f>m+ or m9+1 consi/ 9 br++ =? c]ta9 products f ! gr\nd4 ,su* products are call$ raw mat]ials1 ( :i* an example is :eat4 ,"s raw mat]ials are sold & us$ un*ang$1 b mo/ ( !m g ?r\gh ! process ( manufacture 9 ord] to be directly usable4 ,! mill] is an example ( a manufactur]1 because f :eat he makes fl\r4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all /udy ! pr9ciples und]ly+ manufacture4 ,! ex]cises d n by any means exhau/ ! subject4 ,ea* "o is to be consid]$ z a nucleus ab\t :i* o!rs are to be gr\p$4 ,if y live 9 a manufactur+ di/rict1 o!r subjects w easily sugge/ !mselves4 ,if y h /udi$ ,indu/rial ,hi/ory or ,comm]cial ,geography1 y probably h 9 m9d a numb] ( topics = discussion4 ,if y "k b little ab\t raw mat]ials1 read "s ( ! books sugge/$ 9 ,ex]cise #beg4 ,at all ev5ts let y\r "w be def9ite4 ,:atev] /atem5ts y make be able to sub/antiate by an illu/ration ( some?+ t y h se5 or he>d or read4 ,ex]cise #bej--,manufacture ,almo/ all ! ?+s we eat1 we>1 & use e day are manufactur$ articles4 ,ea* "o ( !m requires its own p>ticul> process 9 ! mak+1 involv+ ! necessity 9 mo/ cases ( complex & exp5sive ma*9]y1 ( exp]t workm51 & ( /ill m exp]t managem5t4 ,take1 = example1 ! %oes we we>1 9 ! manufacture ( :i* an amaz+ numb] ( complicat$ ma*9es & ( exp]t workm5 is necess>y4 ,accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 m5's r\gh %oes g ?r\gh eighty-f\r di/9ct processes p]=m$ by skill$ workm5 & automatic ma*9es4 ,no less amaz+ is ! am\nt ( "w turn$ out by ^! ma*9es4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! ,mc,kay ma*9e1 :i* atta*es ! soles to ! upp]s1 sews up 9 ab\t "o h\r & a half "o hundr$ pairs1 an am\nt :i* x w\ld take n9ety-eight h\rs1 or ab\t elev5 :ole work+ days1 to sew by h&4 ,ea* manufactur+ bus9ess has peculi>ities1 ma*9]y1 me?ods1 & ev5 a language ( its own2 sometimes m5 mu/ sp5d ye>s 9 ! /udy ( ! te*nicalities ( c]ta9 manufactur+ bus9esses be=e !y become exp]t 9 !m4 ,x is evid5t t we _c take up any "o ( !m "h except 9 s f> z ! pr9ciples ( "o apply to all1 & ^! c be set d[n only v briefly4 ,! fir/ ess5tial to successful manufactur+ is correct buy+4 ,9 fact1 9 "s bus9esses ?is is s ess5tial t ! buy] gets a l>g] sal>y ?an ! manag] himself4 ,we c see ! reason = ?is :5 we consid] t a good buy] mu/ und]/& n only ! mat]ials t he buys1 b also ! manufactur+ processes1 s t1 kn[+ ! process ?r\gh :i* ! raw mat]ials w g 9 8 p>ticul> bus9ess1 he w buy ^? mat]ials t w make ! mo/ pr(itable manufactur$ articles4 ,! next ess5tial1 & 9 mo/ cases ! mo/ important "o f ! manufactur+ /&po9t1 is a managem5t capable ( produc+ ! be/ product at ! lea/ co/4 ,! manag]s decide :at %all be produc$ & h[2 !y hire ! workm5 & decide :at ea* %all d2 !y decide :at %all be done by h& & :at by ma*9]y2 & !y *oose ! ma*9es4 ,sometimes !y g ev5 s f> z to det]m9e exactly ! me?od 9 :i* ea* task %all be done1 & :5ev] !y see t x w\ld be advantage\s to in/all a ma*9e1 !y d s4 ,pursu+ ?is policy1 a ,*icago yea/ conc]n n long ago put 9 ?ree ma*9es = wrapp+ ! small yea/ cakes1 elim9at+ ! s]vices ( #adj girls & cutt+ ! co/ ( wrapp+ to ?ree-fif?s ( :at x _h be54 ,9 ! /eel bus9ess ! e>ly success ( ,&rew ,c>negie & ! fam\s ,bill ,jones 0 l>gely due to ! fact t on sev]al occasions !y did n hesitate to break up half a million doll>s' wor? ( ma*9]y & replace x ) new] & m effici5t k9ds4 ,! ?ird ess5tial to manufactur+ success is aggressive m>ket+ ( ! product4 ,f ! /&po9t ( money success ?is is probably ! mo/ important consid]ation2 s important is x1 9 fact1 t x w be m fully discuss$ 9 ! *apt] foll[+4 ,ex]cise #bea--,manufactur$ ,articles ,oral #a4 ,def9e ! ^w indu/ry4 ,:5 is a bus9ess call$ an indu/ry8 7,consult an unabridg$ diction>y47 #b4 a4 ,"n sev]al raw mat]ials4 b4 ,"n "s indu/ries ^: bus9ess x is to produce raw mat]ials4 #c4 ,"n "s companies or indu/ries ^: bus9ess x is1 or ^: pr9cipal function x is1 to manufacture f raw mat]ials4 #d4 ,"n "s companies or gr\ps ( companies t make articles m useful by transport+ !m to places :]e !y are ne$$4 #e4 ,"n "s :olesale h\ses4 ,9 :at does _! bus9ess consi/8 #f4 ,"n sev]al k9ds ( retail bus9esses4 ,9 :at does _! bus9ess consi/8 #g4 ,"n "s companies t manufacture only "o article4 #h4 ,"n "s companies t manufacture m ?an "o article1 b all ( ! same class4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ gr\p4 #i4 ,"n "s companies t manufacture sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( articles4 #aj4 ,"n "s companies :i*1 9 manufactur+ "o product1 make a second>y or by-product4 #aa4 ,"n a numb] ( by-products & :at !y are by-products (4 ,oral or ,writt5 ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ emphasize ! labor involv$1 n ! ma*9]y us$2 prep>e outl9es3 #a4 ,select any manufactur$ article t y h se5 on a groc]'s %elves1 & trace x ?r\gh 7#b71 7#c71 7#d71 7#e71 & 7#f7 above1 f ! raw mat]ial until ! product is 9 ! h\sekeep]'s h&s4 ,if possible make y\r in=mation exact by visit+ a factory 9 :i* ! article is made4 ,! in=mation conta9$ 9 adv]tisem5ts ( well-kn[n articles may help y4 #b4 ,trace ! labor t is necess>y to put a loaf ( bread on ! table4 #c4 ,trace ! *anges t ! m9]al und]goes to be suitable = ! mak+ ( edg$ tools1 su* z knives or axes4 #d4 ,trace ! *anges t cotton mu/ und]go be=e x is suitable = we>+ z a dress or a pair ( /ock+s4 #e4 ,trace ! *anges t wool und]goes be=e x c be worn z a sweat] or a w9t] coat4 #f4 ,trace ! *anges t ! sk9s ( animals und]go be=e !y c be worn z a muff4 #g4 ,trace ! *anges t silk und]goes be=e x c be worn z a neck-tie4 #h4 ,trace ! *anges t hemp und]goes be=e x c be us$ z a rope4 #i4 ,trace ! *anges t hides und]go be=e !y c be worn z %oes4 #aj4 ,trace wood f ! tree to a piece ( f9e furniture or to ! case ( a musical in/rum5t4 #aa4 ,trace ! /eps 9 ! process ( mak+ maple sug>4 #ab4 ,trace ! /eps 9 mak+ a piece ( glaz$ pott]y4 #ac4 ,trace clay to bricks4 #ad4 ,trace flax to a tableclo?4 #ae4 ,trace ! /eps necess>y to make a five doll> gold piece4 ,ex]cise #beb ,subjects = ,!mes1 ,oral or ,writt5 ,! foll[+ are sugge/ions = !me subjects on manufacture4 ,develop "o or m z ! tea*] directs4 #a4 ,h\sehold uses = asbe/os4 #b4 ,mak+ turp5t9e f wood4 #c4 ,a conv5i5t electrical device4 #d4 ,! advantages ( ! fireless cook]4 #e4 ,! advantages ( concrete z a build+ mat]ial4 #f4 ,! way to make a pla/] ca/4 #g4 ,h[ iron ca/+s are made4 #h4 ,artificial fl[]s f fea!rs1 pap]1 or clo?4 #i4 ,h[ a suction sweep] works4 #aj4 ,! safety mat*4 #aa4 ,! uses ( wood pulp4 #ab4 ,pat5t ro(+4 #ac4 ,! manufacture ( plate glass4 #ad4 ,utiliz+ cotton se$4 #ae4 ,! advantages & ! disadvantages ( us+ bak+ p[d]4 ,ex]cise #bec ,sugge/ions = ,debates #a4 ,! av]age "y man has a bett] *ance to succe$ 9 bus9ess ?an 9 a pr(ession4 #b4 ,a manufactur+ bus9ess (f]s a bett] opportunity = a "y man at ! pres5t "t ?an a m]cantile bus9ess4 #c4 ,manufactur+ indu/ries w\ld suff] if immigration 7 re/rict$4 #d4 ,! labor union %\ld be aboli%$4 #e4 ,! labor union has no "r to re/rict ! numb] ( appr5tices4 #f4 ,! pr(it-%>+ plan produces great] effici5cy 9 ! work+-=ce4 ,ex]cise #bed ,imag9e t y are ,/anley ,m4 ,b5n]1 #aga ,s\? ,/41 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 proprietor ( a factory mak+ m5's %irts & coll>s4 #a4 ,write an ord] to ,! ,am]ican ,pr9t+ ,mill1 #ajch ,canal ,/41 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j41 = sev]al bolts ea* ( p]cale1 madras1 cord$ madras1 & silk /rip$ madras4 ,use catalogue numb]s4 #b4 ,write ano!r ord] to ,! ,trescott ,silk ,mill1 #igf ,riv] ,/41 ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 = sev]al bolts ea* ( ,no4 #fb1 ,no4 #ad1 & ,no4 #bj %irt+ silks1 ,no4 #fb be+ a /rip$ silk & ! o!rs figur$4 ,be def9ite 9 ord]+ ! colors t y wi%4 #c4 ,y h receiv$ an ord] f ,sp5c] ,mit*ell1 #aibe ,pe>l ,/41 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,write a lett]1 ?ank+ !m = ! ord] & expla9+ :5 & h[ ! goods w be s5t4 #d4 ,y h receiv$ an ord] f ,william ,f4 ,atwood1 #eij ,jackson ,/41 ,wilm+ton1 ,del41 = a c]ta9 /yle ( coll> on :i* !re has be5 a run4 ,write a lett]1 expla9+ t x w take ab\t ?ree weeks to fill ! ord]s t y n[ h = ?is coll> & t y !re=e _c s5d ,mr4 ,atwood's goods be=e ! end ( ! mon?4 #e4 ,! goods h arriv$ f ,! ,trescott ,silk ,mill4 ,y f9d1 h[ev]1 t two bolts ( ,no4 #ad are badly soil$4 ,write a lett]1 say+ t y are return+ ! bolts & ask+ to h ! matt] adju/$4 #f4 ,a4 ,w4 ,trescott1 ,presid5t ( ,! ,trescott ,silk ,mill1 replies1 express+ regret t ! goods 7 soil$ & say+ t two clean bolts ( ,no4 #ad are be+ s5t at once4 ,write 8 lett]4 #g4 ,y h on h& ab\t #ej gross m5's /rip$ madras coll>s1 = :i* !re is no long] a call4 ,write to ,m>kham ,bros41 :olesale jobb]s1 #agfe ,gre5wi* ,/41 ,new ,york ,city1 ask+ :at price !y w (f] = ! lot4 #h4 ,accept _! (f] ( #a4ej a gross = ! coll>s4 #i4 ,a cu/om] s5ds a ca% ord] = goods at la/ ye>'s prices1 #aj bel[ pres5t prices4 ,write a politic reply4 #aj4 ,ow+ to ! mildness ( ! w9t]1 y fe> t y w n sell y\r /ock ( m5's flannel %irts4 ,write a circul> lett]1 (f]+ ! %irts 9 lots ( #be doz5 ea*1 assort$ sizes & colors1 at a #ce r$uction 9 price4 ,address "o lett] to4 ,fr$]ick ,h4 ,h[>d1 a deal] at #gge ,c$> ,/41 ,h>risburg1 ,pa4 #aa4 ,a team/]s' /rike has delay$ y\r %ipm5ts4 ,y h receiv$ s _m compla9ts ( ! non-arrival ( goods t y decide to prep>e a =m lett] t w answ] all ! compla9ts4 ,address "o lett] to ,william ,a4 ,spauld+1 #bicg ,wat]man ,/41 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 #ab4 ,miss ,s>ah ,mac,comb has a small dry goods /ore 9 ,norwi*1 ,conn4 ,%e has ow$ y #abe = six mon?s4 ,y h be5 l5i5t ) ,miss ,mac,comb because y "k t %e has _h difficulty 9 meet+ h] bills4 ,h[ev]1 y feel t %e %\ld pay at lea/ a "p ( h] indebt$ness to y4 ,write a c\rte\s lett]1 long] & m p]suasive ?an if x 7 to g to a man1 dem&+ paym5t b reta9+ ! cu/om]'s good w4 ,?is is a difficult lett] to write4 ,prep>e x c>efully4 ,ex]cise #bee #a4 ,y h be5 manag] ( ! ,=sy? ,furniture ,co41 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*4 ,y h f9ancial back+ = #be1jjj & are look+ = a location = a factory ( y\r own4 ,write ! same lett] to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ( ,great ,falls1 ,mont42 ,memphis1 ,t5n42 ,h\/on1 ,texas2 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,ask ! ,secret>y to tell y ! prospects = su* a factory 9 8 city1 & :at inducem5ts ! city w (f] y4 7,by writ+ to diff]5t cities1 ! tea*] c obta9 _! booklets & _! special (f]s to manufactur]s47 #b4 ,inve/igate ! conditions 9 "o ( ! cities m5tion$ above & reproduce ! lett] t ! ,secret>y wrote4 #c4 ,( ! f\r cities1 ,great ,falls appeals to y z ! be/ location = y\r factory4 ,write aga91 ask+ ! ,secret>y especially ab\t ! wat] p[] facilities (f]$ & ! rates *>g$ = electrical p[]4 #d4 ,he replies t ,great ,falls has ! mo/ ext5sive p[] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! hydro-electric p[] be+ ready = deliv]y 9 any quantity at exceptionally l[ rates4 ,he tells ( ! _m factories t are already locat$ 9 ,great ,falls because ( its wat] p[] facilities4 #e4 ,great ,falls is y\r *oice4 ,aft] y\r factory is built & y\r ma*9]y in/all$1 write to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,s& ,po9t ,lumb] ,co41 ,s& ,po9t1 ,idaho1 ask+ him to submit figures = a contract = supply+ all y\r fir lumb]4 ,tell him y ?9k y w use ab\t a million bo>d feet a ye>4 #f4 ,! ,secret>y replies1 (f]+ y a contract on ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,= all am\nts "u #bej1jjj feet a ye>1 a rate ( #ab c5ts a foot2 "u #ejj1jjj1 #aa c5ts2 ov] #ejj1jjj1 #aj c5ts4 ,all goods are to be bill$ at ! highe/ rate & rebates made at ! end ( ! ye>1 t]ms ( paym5t be+ #ij days1 #e = #cj days4 #g4 ,write to ! ,c5tral ,am]ican ,supply ,co41 ,tehuantepec1 ,mexico1 ord]+ #ej1jjj feet ,no4 #a ,mahogany ,v5e]4 ,h x *>g$ to y\r acc\nt1 :i* y h previ\sly op5$4 #h4 ,write to ,gregory ,bros41 :olesale dry goods m]*ants1 #abada ,nicollet ,ave41 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n41 ord]+ #ae bolts ,no4 #g ,gre5 ,d5im2 #aj bolts ,no4 #ji ,gre5 ,panne ,velvet2 #ej yds4 ,no4 #baf ,tape/ry2 #ej yds4 ,no4 #af ,tape/ry2 #ajj bolts ,gre5 & #ajj bolts ,br[n ,no4 #e ,guimpe4 ,in/ruct !m to %ip ! goods at once & draw on y at sight ?r\gh ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank ( ,great ,falls4 7,see page #cdd47 #i4 ,write to ! ,excelsior ,v>ni% ,co41 ,m]*ants' ,national ,bank ,build+1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n41 ord]+ articles su* z v>ni%1 /a9s1 oils1 enamels1 & f9i%+ wax4 #aj4 ,write an ord] to a ,/4 ,l\is firm = lea!r4 #aa4 ,write an ord] to a ,spokane firm = spr+s4 #ab4 ,f9d out :]e a ,great ,falls m]*ant w\ld buy oak & bir*1 & write an ord] = ea*4 #ac4 ,write to ! ,hanov] ,national ,bank ( ,new ,york ,city 7because y happ5 to "k ! ca%i] ( t bank71 expla9+ t y are hav+ a v decid$ increase 9 y\r bus9ess & t1 9 ord] to take c>e ( ! dem&1 y require a loan ( #aj1jjj4 ,expla9 fur!r t ! rates are too high 9 ,great ,falls = y to take a loan !re4 ,say t y are enclos+ a /atem5t ( y\r assets & liabilities4 #ad4 ,a deal] 9 ,portl&1 ,ore41 writes1 compla9+ t he has n yet receiv$ ! goods t he ord]$ t5 days ago4 ,write an appropriate reply4 #ae4 ,y receive an ord]1 "o item ( :i* is #c doz4 oil mops1 :i* y d n c>ry4 ,reply t y h ref]r$ ! matt] to ---- a firm :i* y c recomm5d highly4 ,ex]cise #bef ,topics = ,inve/igation & ,discussion ,pr9ciples involv$ 9 manufacture3 #a4 ,! location ( a factory4 a4 ,:]e necess>y raw mat]ials c be obta9$ easily & *eaply4 b4 ,:]e l& is n exp5sive4 c4 ,:]e ! coal or wat] supply w make p[] inexp5sive4 d4 ,:]e transportation facilities are good4 #b4 ,! advantages ( us+ ma*9]y 9 manufacture4 a4 ,relative am\nt ( "w turn$ out4 b4 ,relative co/ ( "w turn$ out4 c4 ,relative cleanl9ess ( "w turn$ out4 d4 ,relative uni=mity ( "w turn$ out4 #c4 ,! numb] ( work+ h\rs4 ,"s factories h made ! exp]im5t ( r$uc+ ! numb] ( work+ h\rs f t5 to eight )\t r$uc+ ! wages ( ! work]s4 ,!y h f\nd t ! quantity ( "w turn$ out is increas$ & ! quality improv$4 ,c y expla9 :y8 #d4 ,! advantages ( ! pr(it-%>+ plan1 bo? = employ] & = employee4 ,?is is a plan by :i* a c]ta9 p] c5t ( ! pr(its ( ! bus9ess is divid$ annually among ! employees4 7,see a v int]e/+ article 9 ,sy/em = ,m>*1 #aiaa1 or read ,pr(it-%>+ betwe5 ,employ] & ,employee by ,n4 ,p4 ,gilman47 #e4 ,specializ$ labor4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 a man made all ! p>ts ( a pair ( %oes4 ,:y 9 mod]n factories does he make only "o "p8 ,:i* sy/em t5ds to make %oes ( uni=m workman%ip8 ,is uni=mity a good quality 9 manufacture8 ,?is pr9ciple applies to any k9d ( factory4 #f4 ,special products4 ,suppose t y manufactur$ a l>ge numb] ( /yles ( mill9]y1 or novelty1 footwe>4 ,w\ld y expect y\r pr(its on ^! to be l>g] or small] ?an on y\r /aple /yles8 ,give reasons & illu/rations4 #g4 ,:y is !re a /ruggle betwe5 labor & capital8 #h4 ,:at is ! cause ( /rikes8 #i4 ,are /rikes a good ?+ = manufacture8 #aj4 ,a visit to a %oe factory 7or any o!r factory74 ,ex]cise #beg ,books t w ,sugge/ ,topics = ,talks ,if y h access to a public libr>y1 y c probably obta9 "s ( ! foll[+ books4 ,!y are all simple & int]e/+1 & any ( !m w sugge/ sev]al topics = talks4 ,,all51 ,n4 ,b41 ,indu/rial ,/udies4 ,,bak]1 ,r4 ,s41 ,boys' ,books ( ,inv5tions4 ,,b>n>d1 ,,*>les1 ,tools & ,ma*9es4 ,,c>p5t]1 ,f4 ,g41 ,h[ ! ,_w is ,f$2 ,h[ ! ,_w is ,clo!d2 ,h[ ! ,_w is ,h\s$2 ,geographical ,read]s4 ,,*amb]la91 ,j4 ,f41 ,h[ ,we are ,f$2 ,h[ ,we are ,clo!d4 ,,*ase1 ,a4 & ,,cl[1 ,e41 ,/ories ( ,indu/ries 7two volumes74 ,,co*rane1 ,c4 ,h41 ,! ,wond]s ( ,mod]n ,me*anism4 ,,co*rane1 ,,rob]t1 ,romance ( ,indu/ry & ,inv5tion4 ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,russell1 ,/ories ( ,inv5tion4 ,,=man1 ,s4 ,e41 ,useful ,inv5tions4 ,,gibson1 ,c4 ,r41 ,! ,romance ( ,mod]n ,manufacture4 ,,lane1 ,m4 ,a4 ,l41 ,indu/ries ( ,to-day4 ,,little ,,*ronicle ,,co41 ,indu/ries ( a ,great ,city4 ,,m[ry1 ,w4 ,a4 & ,,m[ry1 ,a4 ,m41 ,inv5tions & ,inv5tors4 ,,p>ton1 ,j41 ,capta9s ( ,indu/ry 7two s]ies74 ,,ro*eleau1 ,w4 ,f41 ,products ( ! ,soil2 ,m9]als2 ,manufactures4 ,,t[le1 ,g4 ,m41 ,h]oes & ,m>tyrs ( ,inv5tion4 ,,williams1 ,a41 ,h[ x is ,made4 ,ex]cise #beh ,/udy ! punctuation ( ! foll[+2 !n write f dictation3 #a ,x is /at$ t practical exp]i5ce ) gas mantles made ( artificial silk--t is1 silk made f wood pulp--has prov$ !m to be f> sup]ior to ^? made ( cotton1 especially :]e ! mantles are expos$ to excessive vibration4 ,sev]al ,g]man t[ns are said to be obta9+ exceptionally good results f ^! new mantles us$ 9 conjunction ) pressure gas1 & x is ass]t$ t ! mantles are 9 good condition aft] be+ us$ = sev5 or eight weeks4 ,artificial silk1 accord+ to reports1 has also be5 us$ exp]im5tally by sev]al manufactur]s ( inc&esc5t gas mantles 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,! reports are all v enc\rag+1 except t !re seems to be "o difficulty t is purely me*anical--! knitt+ ( ! artificial silk4 ,! knots & o!r imp]fections 9 ! y>n cause a consid]able am\nt ( wa/e4 ,h[ev]1 ! knitt+-ma*9e mak]s are exp]im5t+ to ov]come x4--,daily ,consul> & ,trade ,report4 #b ,z ! production ( wool 9 ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh approximat+ #cbj1jjj1jjj p\nds a ye>1 does n beg9 to meet ! dem&s = ! raw mat]ial1 !re is a ye>ly importation ( f #aef1jjj1jjj to ov] #cjj1jjj1jjj p\nds4 ,:5 ea* new c5sus reveals ! fact t !re are few] %eep ( %e>+ age 9 ! c\ntry ?an !re 7 t5 ye>s be=e1 ! "q ( wool production becomes "o ( /ill great] importance4 ,a solution may be f\nd 9 a ,p]uvian product4 ,a v>iety ( cotton gr[s 9 ,p]u ^: long1 r\gh1 cr9kly fib] mixes s readily ) wool t manufactur]s use x 9 connection ) wool 9 manufactur+ all wool goods4 ,x gr[s on a small tree t yields two or ?ree crops a ye> = sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,! area1 h[ev]1 9 :i* x is be+ successfully cultivat$ 9 ,p]u is s limit$ t ! annual output is only ab\t #af1jjj1jjj p\nds1 ( :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates takes approximately #e1ejj1jjj p\nds4 ,z ! region 9 :i* x ?rives is practically ra9less1 p]haps a way may be f\nd to p]suade ! r\gh ,p]uvian to make a home = itself 9 ! hot & arid regions ( our ,s\?we/4 ,x w\ld be a triumph ( agriculture1 c]ta9ly1 to raise vegetable wool 9 regions n fitt$ = real %eep4--,! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal4 #c ,,! ,,ca/+ ,,( ,,metals ,z is well kn[n1 "s metals are unsuitable = ca/+1 :ile o!rs1 l iron1 c readily be ca/ into any desir$ %ape4 ,! prop]ty ( ca/+ well1 x is said1 dep5ds ^u :e!r ! metal contracts or exp&s 9 solidify+ f ! liquid =m4 ,iron1 l wat]1 exp&s 9 solidify+1 & h5ce ! solid metal may be se5 float+ 9 ! liquid iron ab\t x4 ,! expansion causes x to fill ! die into :i* x is p\r$1 & s x c be ca/ easily4 ,gold & silv] contract 9 cool+1 & are1 !re=e1 n suitable = ca/+4--,h>p]'s ,weekly4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,di/ribution ,,correct buy+ & ! mo/ effici5t me?ods ( manufacture play a l>ge "p 9 ! successful c>ry+ on ( a bus9ess1 b ! mo/ important consid]ation is ! successful m>ket+ or di/ribut+ ( ! product aft] x has be5 manufactur$ or b\ght4 ,v few products are s sup]ior 9 quality t !y sell !mselves purely on m]it4 ,competition 9 bus9ess to-day is s ke5 t1 9 ord] to f9d a m>ket = 8 product1 a m]*ant mu/ create a dem& = x4 ,?us at its v f\ndation1 di/ribution is m]ely a process ( creat+ a dem& & !n fill+ t dem&4 ,= in/ance1 ! retail m]*ant is conc]n$ ) br++ ! cu/om]s to 8 /ore r ?an to 8 competitor's across ! /reet4 ,! :olesale m]*ant is conc]n$ ) hav+ ! retail]s h&le 8 goods r ?an ^? ( ano!r firm4 ,! mail ord] m]*ant is conc]n$ ) gett+ ! f>m]'s bus9ess be=e "s o!r deal] gets x4 ,! salesman is conc]n$ ) writ+ ! ord] be=e a rival f ano!r h\se writes x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! m]*ant mu/ h&le ^? ?+s t 8 cu/om]s consid] necess>y or desirable4 ,ov]coats _c be sold 9 ,augu/1 a%sift]s on ! equator1 nor electric fans 9 ,icel&4 ,diff]5t peoples1 diff]5t times1 & diff]5t conditions create diff]5t dem&s1 & x is ! m]*ant's bus9ess to /udy ^? dem&s & to fill !m4 ,9 ! second place1 he mu/ leave no /one unturn$ 9 endeavor+ to make 8 product m desirable ?an t ( 8 competitors4 ,?is may mean ext5sive adv]tis+ campaigns1 exp5sive displays1 outlay = co/ly catalogues & booklets1 ! exp5diture ( money = inducem5ts to br+ cu/om]s1 or ! hir+ ( exp]t salesm54 ,9 fact1 ?\s&s ( plans are c>ri$ out e ye> 9 ?is endeavor to increase trade4 ,! gett+ ( new & additional bus9ess1 h[ev]1 is only "o ( ! important consid]ations t ! m]*ant mu/ always h 9 m9d4 ,he mu/ also keep :at bus9ess he already has by ma9ta9+ ! /&>d ( 8 goods & by giv+ 8 cu/om]s satisfactory s]vice4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ess5tials 9 ?is "q ( s]vice is promptness & exactness ( deliv]y4 ,9 ?is ! m]*ant mu/ dep5d v l>gely on ! transportation companies1 & !re=e a brief /udy ( ^! facilities w be especially 9 place at ?is po9t4 ,transportation ,transportation is an ess5tial item 9 ! problem ( di/ribution4 ,if y wi%$ to dr9k a cup ( c(fee & f\nd t none c\ld be _h except 9 ,brazil1 y w\ld beg9 to realize h[ mu* ! /eam%ip company & ! railroad company h done 9 transport+ & haul+ x :]e y might buy x4 ,! same is true ( our oranges f ,cali=nia & ,florida1 our apples f ,wa%+ton & ,oregon1 & our gra9 f ! ,middle ,/ates4 ,9 fact1 9 ! case ( _m products ! mo/ important item is n gr[+ !m1 b br++ !m to m>ket1 s9ce ! transportation *>ges are (t5 mu* great] ?an ! actual co/ ( produc+4 ,?\s&s ( b>rels ( apples rot on ! gr\nd e ye> because _! quality does n w>rant ! high transportation *>ges1 ! lack ( transportation r5d]+ !m useless4 ,9 a small] measure1 ! deliv]y wagons 9 our cities & t[ns are ess5tial to u because !y save u ! tr\ble ( c>ry+ our pur*ases ab\t4 ,?us1 ! elem5t ( transportation ent]s into our lives e day1 sav+ u inconv5i5ce1 br++ to u necessities t we dem& & luxuries t we l1 &1 at ! same "t1 increas+ ! price ( commodities4 ,common c>ri]s1 z transportation companies are call$1 are ( two g5]al classes3 #a4 ,^? op]at+ on wat]--! /eam%ip companies4 #b4 ,^? op]at+ on l&--! railroad companies4 ,,! ,,/eam%ip ,,company ,/eam%ip companies op]ate ?ree g5]al k9ds ( l9es3 7#a7 l9es consi/+ ( ! l>ge/ & fa/e/ /eam]s :i* c>ry only pass5g]s1 mail1 & valuable p>cels2 7#b7 l9es us+ sl[] /eam]s :i* c>ry bo? pass5g]s & freight2 & 7#c7 l9es employ+ vessels--/eam]s1 sail+ vessels1 & b>ges--:i* c>ry only freight4 ,! co/ ( haul+ c>goes by wat] is 9 e case less p] mile ?an t ( c>ry+ ! same quantity ( goods on l&4 ,x co/s1 = example1 ov] f\r times z mu* to c>ry a bu%el ( :eat f ,*icago to ,new ,york by rail z x does to c>ry x across ! ,atlantic4 ,x is = ?is v reason t ! traffic on our navigable riv]s1 ! ,ohio & ! ,mississippi1 & on ! ,great ,lakes is s heavy4 ,:5ev] a c>go c be %ipp$ z well by wat] z by rail & !re is no hurry = deliv]y1 x is %ipp$ by wat]4 ,h[ev]1 because s mu* ( our freight mu/ be ru%$ f place to place1 ! railroads get ! bulk ( ! inl& traffic4 ,,! ,,railroad ,,company ,! s]vices ( ! railroad company embrace ! haul+ ( freight1 ! c>ry+ ( pass5g]s1 & ! transport+ ( express & ( mail4 ,! haul+ ( freight is ! mo/ important item 9 ! railroad bus9ess1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! total income be+ d]iv$ f ?is s\rce4 ,ea* ye> ov] "o billion tons ( freight are turn$ ov] by %ipp]s to ! railroads1 :o use almo/ two & "o-half million freight c>s to c>ry x4 ,ab\t "o-half ( ?is tonnage is m9]als1 ma9ly ore & coal2 ab\t "o-sev5? consi/s ( manufactur$ articles2 & "o-twelf? ( agricultural products4 ,commodities are gr\p$ into f t5 to f\rte5 classes1 on ea* "o ( :i* ! freight rate is diff]5t f t ( ! o!rs4 ,by freight rate is meant ! co/ ( %ipp+ a c]ta9 unit1 usually #ajj p\nds or a ton1 f "o place to ano!r2 x is dep5d5t on ! di/ance4 ,!re are c]ta9 bulky commodities l coal1 live/ock1 lumb]1 gra91 & cem5t1 :i* are almo/ always h&l$ 9 c>load lots4 ,!y are n includ$ 9 ! freight classification1 b h a special ex-class freight rate4 ,freight rates dep5d also on :e!r ! goods are %ipp$ by sl[ or local freight or by fa/ or ?r\gh freight4 ,!re are a hundr$ diff]5t k9ds ( pap]s us$ 9 c>ry+ on ! railroad freight bus9ess4 ,only f\r ( ! mo/ important w be consid]$ "h4 ,:5 a %ipp] turns ov] 8 goods to ! railroad company at its freight depot1 he gets f ! ag5t a receipt = freight1 :i* is m]ely a receipt = ! goods he has turn$ ov]4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( bus9ess ^! receipts are ex*ang$ at ! company's (fice = a bill ( lad+ 9 triplicate4 ,! orig9al & "o copy are giv5 to ! %ipp]4 ,! second copy is kept by ! railroad4 ,?is bill ( lad+ may be ( two k9ds1 /raight or ord]4 ,if a /raight bill ( lad+ is giv51 ! orig9al is s5t to ! p]son to :om ! goods are %ipp$1 :o is call$ ! consignee1 :o on ! pres5tation ( ! bill ( lad+ is entitl$ to ! goods aft] pay+ ! *>ges4 ,an ord] bill ( lad+ is mu* l a *eck1 9 t x c be assign$ to ano!r p]son4 ,l ! /raight bill x /ates ! "n ( ! consignee or ! p]son = :om ! goods are int5d$ & 8 address1 b ! consignee _c get possession ( ! goods until he has paid = !m4 ,to collect paym5t1 ! %ipp] atta*es to ! ord] bill ( lad+ a draft = ! am\nt ( ! goods & ! freight1 & ?r\gh 8 bank & ! bank ( ! consignee ! am\nt is collect$4 ,! consignee !n gets possession ( ! ord] bill ( lad+1 :i* entitles him to possession ( ! goods4 ,?is is m fully expla9$ on page #cdd4 ,! railroad's mo/ important pap] is ! way bill1 :i* %[s ! conductor or ! ag5t ( ! company j :at articles are includ$ 9 ! %ipm5t1 s t x c be *eck$ :5 unload$4 ,:5 ! goods arrive at _! de/9ation1 ! consignee is notifi$ & is s5t a freight bill %[+ ! freight *>ges4 ,:5 he pres5ts 8 bill ( lad+ & pays ! *>ges1 ! freight bill is receipt$ & ! goods are 84 ,9 quot+ prices on goods1 manufactur]s & di/ributors usually designate :e!r !y w pay ! freight or :e!r x is to be paid by ! consignee4 ,9 ! latt] case ! price is quot$ f4 o4 b4 at ! place f :i* ! goods are %ipp$1 :i* means freight on bo>d at t po9t4 ,t is to say1 if a di/ributor locat$ at ,detroit quotes 8 automobiles f4 o4 b4 ,detroit1 he means t he w see t ! goods get into ! railroad company's h&s at ,detroit1 b t ! consignee pays ! freight f ,detroit to ! de/9ation4 ,! latt] is ! common practice 9 %ipp+4 ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cises we %all treat ! subject ( di/ribution "u f\r heads3 ,i4 ,! ,retail ,m]*ant4 ,,ii4 ,! ,:olesale ,m]*ant4 ,,iii4 ,! ,mail ,ord] ,m]*ant4 ,,iv4 ,! ,salesman4 ,i4--,,! ,,retail ,,m]*ant ,ex]cise #bei ,oral ,y are op5+ a groc]y /ore4 ,rememb] t y\r object is to sell ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( goods4 ,develop ea* ( ! foll[+ sugge/ions3 #a4 ,:at k9d ( location w\ld y desire8 #b4 ,h[ w\ld y h ! front ( y\r /ore pa9t$8 ,w\ld y try to make x /& out f ! re/8 #c4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld pay y to h ! int]ior newly & brightly r$ecorat$8 ,to put 9 ! be/ & brighte/ lights8 #d4 ,:at quality ( /ock w\ld y select8 ,! same = all neighborhoods8 ,give y\r reasons4 ,w\ld adv]tis$ br&s br+ y m trade8 #e4 ,d y ?9k w9d[ display w\ld pay8 ,w\ld y recomm5d freak or ord9>y displays8 ,price-m>k$ or non-price-m>k$8 ,give y\r reasons4 #f4 ,does ! deliv]y wagon pay8 ,w\ld x be advisable to buy a new wagon & a good horse8 ,:at o!r consid]ations w\ld ent]8 #g4 ,w\ld y sometimes cut ! price ( "s necessity to draw p8 ,give reasons = y\r answ]4 #h4 ,is x a good ?+ to h a g5]al cut-price-sale to br+ cu/om]s to y\r /ore8 ,ev5 if y lose money by x8 #i4 ,w\ld y give cr$it8 ,w\ld ! class ( p y s]v$ come into consid]ation8 #aj4 ,is ! use ( trad+ /amps & premiums good policy8 #aa4 ,:y d y (t5 f9d a meat m>ket 9 connection ) a groc]y8 #ab4 ,!re are two k9ds ( retail meat m>kets3 7#a7 ! "o t sells goods :i* c be retail$ at a l[ price1 & 7#b7 ! "o t sells sup]ior goods at a high] price4 ,:i* policy w\ld y foll[ & :y8 #ac4 ,c\ld a retail] comb9e ! two spok5 ( 9 7#ab78 ,consid] co/1 space1 satisfaction ( ! cu/om]4 #ad4 ,w\ld y adv]tise by means ( h&bills8 ,by circul> lett]s8 #ae4 ,:at w\ld y d if ano!r groc]y op5$ across ! /reet f y\rs8 ,ex]cise #bfj ,writt5 #a4 ,y h b\ght ,burton ,s&]s' groc]y at ,=t ,wayne1 ,indiana4 ,s5d out a circul> lett] adv]tis+ ! new ,:ite ,front ,groc]y & tell+ :at ! policy ( ! new managem5t w be4 ,expla9 t ! op5+ sale w beg9 next ,monday & t a special feature ( ! sale w1 be tw5ty p\nds ( granulat$ sug> = eighty c5ts ) a two doll> ord]4 #b4 ,at ! same "t h an article appe> 9 a local newspap]1 tell+ t ,burton ,s&]s h sold _! /ore to y & t y are mak+ ext5sive improvem5ts1 especially 9 sanit>y means ( h&l+ provisions4 ,9 addition1 let ! article give an acc\nt ( y\r bus9ess c>e] 9 ano!r t[n4 ,w\ld su* an article be ( value to y8 ,write x4 #c4 ,write to ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co41 ,ru% ,/reet ,bridge1 ,*icago1 ,ill41 say+ t y w\ld l to op5 an acc\nt ) !m4 ,give z ref]5ces a bank 9 y\r t[n & "o 9 ,logansport1 :]e y us$ to live4 ,ask ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co4 :at t]ms !y c (f] y4 #d4 ,y h decid$ to adv]tise 9 a local pap]4 ,write to ! adv]tis+ manag]1 ask+ him = ye>ly rates = a half-column e ev5+ & a qu>t]-page e ,friday4 #e4 ,f9d out :at are ! adv]tis+ rates ( a pap] 9 y\r t[n & answ] 7#d74 #f4 ,reproduce a lett] t a woman liv+ 9 t[n s5ds1 ord]+ two doll>s' wor? ( groc]ies & reque/+ t y s5d1 9 addition1 ! tw5ty p\nds ( sug> y adv]tise 9 7#a74 ,%e encloses a *eck = #b4hj4 #g4 ,y are 9 receipt ( a lett] f ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co41 answ]+ y\r inquiry 9 7#c7 & (f]+ y sixty days' cr$it & #b disc\nt = paym5t )9 t5 days4 ,write ! lett]4 #h4 ,s5d an ord] to ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co4 = #bjj wor? ( groc]ies4 ,among ! items let !re be #f cases ( cann$ tomatoes1 fir/ quality1 at #a4ge a case4 ,ask !m to s5d ! goods by ! ,p5nsylvania ,r4 ,r4 #i4 ,y\r bus9ess is increas+ & y ne$ ano!r cl]k1 7a7 ,write an adv]tisem5t = "o4 7b7 ,apply = ! position4 #aj4 ,write a %ort circul> adv]tis+ an inexp5sive novelty t a groc] might sell4 ,^! circul>s are to be wrapp$ ) pur*ases4 #aa4 ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co4 write1 confirm+ y\r ord] 9 7#h7 & enclos+ a /raight bill ( lad+4 #ab4 ,:5 ! goods arrive1 y f9d no tomatoes among !m4 ,write a compla9t to ! :olesale h\se4 #ac4 ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co4 reply to y\r lett] 9 7#ab71 apologiz+ = ! mi/ake1 expla9+ h[ x occurr$ 7supply an explanation71 & tell+ y t !y h s5t "o case by express at _! exp5se4 ,! re/ w foll[ by freight4 #ad4 ,! tomatoes s5t by freight d n arrive4 ,write to ! groc]y company1 ask+ ! latt] to s5d out a trac]2 t is1 to reque/ ! railroad company to trace ! goods on its l9es4 #ae4 ,! groc]y company telephones ! railroad company1 reque/+ ! latt] to trace ! goods & to report4 ,! groc]y company also writes a lett] confirm+ its reque/4 ,write ! lett]4 #af4 7a7 ,! railroad company reports t by mi/ake ! goods 7 c>ri$ ?r\gh to ,lima1 b t !y are be+ return$ to ,=t ,wayne4 7b7 ,! groc]y company in=ms y ( ! developm5ts & hopes t ! delay has caus$ y no great inconv5i5ce4 ,write bo? lett]s4 ,ex]cise #bfa #a4 ,y wi% to get a p>tn] to op5 a meat m>ket 9 connection ) y\r groc]y4 ,write to a fri5d 9 ,lafayette1 ,ind41 :o y ?9k w be int]e/$1 propos+ ! plan4 ,tell him ( ! opportunities1 z y see !m1 ( bus9ess 9 ,=t ,wayne & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,tell him t ) #d1jjj additional capital y & he c\ld set up a mu* l>g] e/abli%m5t1 inve/ 9 a motor wagon1 & ?us secure ! trade ( ! outly+ di/ricts4 #b4 ,y\r fri5d replies t ! proposal appeals /rongly to him1 b t he has only #b1jjj 9 ca%4 ,h[ev]1 he holds a mortgage = #b1jjj on ---- 7/ate ! location ( ! h\se7 9 ,lafayette1 &1 if he c sell ! mortgage1 he w be glad to avail himself ( ! (f]4 #c4 ,aft] ! p>tn]%ip is =m$1 y\r p>tn] writes to ,orr ,locket1 #ad ,w4 ,r&olph ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 ord]+ ! foll[+ to be %ipp$ by ,p5nsylvania ,r4,r43 #a ,refrig]ator ,no4 #cfa2 #b ,meat ,blocks ,no4 #c2 #a ,scale ,no4 ,m4 #cj2 #a_/f doz4 ,saws ,no4 #cc 7#af 9472 #a_/f doz4 ,saws ,no4 #cc 7#bb 9472 #a_/d doz4 ,knives ,no4 #iee2 #a_/d doz4 ,knives ,no4 #dij2 #a_/f doz4 ,/eels ,no4 #hb2 #a_/f doz4 ,cleav]s ,no4 #ji2 #a_/d doz4 ,block ,scrap]s4 ,he expla9s t he is ! same man :o =m]ly _h a meat m>ket 9 ,lafayette4 #d4 ,orr ,locket ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( ! ord]1 enclose ! invoice1 & (f] him #e disc\nt = paym5t )9 #cj days4 ,write ! lett]4 #e4 ,a ,detroit manufactur] s5ds y f4o4b4 prices on 8 motor wagons4 ,inve/igate ! prices & write ! lett]4 #f4 ,ord] "o ( !m4 7,rememb] ! f4o4b4 item47 #g4 ,he writes confirm+ y\r ord]1 say+ t ! c> is n[ 9 ! %ipp]'s h&s & t 8 bank has s5t ! ord] bill ( lad+ ) draft atta*$ to ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank ( y\r city4 ,write ! lett]4 7,see page #cdd47 #h4 ,at ! same "t ! %ipp]'s bank s5ds a lett] to ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank ( y\r city enclos+ ! ord] bill ( lad+ ) draft drawn on y = collection4 ,a copy ( ?is lett] is also mail$ to y4 ,write x4 #i4 ,y telephone y\r bank to draw on y\r acc\nt = ! am\nt ( ! draft & to s5d y ! bill ( lad+4 ,y confirm ?is und]/&+ by a lett]4 ,write x4 #aj4 ,y\r bank writes1 confirm+ ! telephone conv]sation & enclos+ ! bill ( lad+ & a receipt = ! correct am\nt4 ,y pres5t y\r bill ( lad+1 pay ! freight *>ges1 & get y\r motor wagon4 ,write ! lett] ! bank s5ds4 #aa4 ,! automobile manufactur] has mean:ile receiv$ ?r\gh 8 bank a cr$it = ! am\nt y paid = ! c> & writes ackn[l$g+ its receipt4 ,write ! lett]4 ,ex]cise #bfb ,*oose f\r or six memb]s ( ! class1 "o-half ( :om are to argue 9 favor ( ! policy indicat$ 9 ! plan outl9$ bel[ & "o-half ( :om are to argue aga9/ x4 ,a c]ta9 groc] op5$ a /ore ) ! det]m9ation ( do+ a /rictly ca% bus9ess1 & ( mak+ no deliv]ies unless ! pur*as] paid = ! deliv]y4 ,?is 0 8 plan z sugge/$ by ,sy/em3 #a4 ,to ^? :o w\ld c>ry _! own pur*ases he sold ev]y?+ = ca% mu* l[] ?an any o!r groc] 9 t[n sold x4 #b4 ,if ! cu/om] b\ght v bulky goods1 or if he did n wi% to be 8 own deliv]y man1 ! groc] *>g$ him = deliv]y a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! total ( 8 ca% pur*ases4 ,yet ! cu/om] b\ght m *eaply ?an he c\ld buy 9 any o!r groc]y 9 t[n4 #c4 ,^? :o wi%$ to pay once a mon? in/ead ( at e visit he advis$ to deposit a c]ta9 sum ( money ) him z bank] & to buy aga9/ t1 pay+ ca% prices & receiv+ #c int]e/ on ! am\nt left on deposit4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,:olesale ,,m]*ant ,ex]cise #bfc ,oral ,ea* ( ! foll[+ %\ld be develop$ into a p>agraph3 #a4 ,y are a manufactur] & :olesale di/ributor ) a factory on ! outskirts ( a t[n2 w\ld y h a w>eh\se 9 ! c5t] ( ! t[n8 ,give reasons = y\r answ]4 #b4 ,:at w\ld be ! advantage ( hav+ y\r w>eh\se ne> ! railroad freight depots8 ,ne> ! docks8 #c4 ,:at w\ld be ! advantage ( be+ locat$ 9 a l>ge city ) _m railroads & ) wat] transportation facilities--,*icago1 = example8 #d4 ,spe$ gets ord]s4 ,) ?is 9 view1 :at w\ld y recomm5d ) respect to ! equipm5t = h&l+8 ,:at w\ld y sugge/ ab\t ! numb] ( p ?r\gh ^: h&s ! ord] w\ld h to g be=e be+ %ipp$8 #e4 ,if y 7 look+ = big trade 9 a big city1 :at k9d ( /ock w\ld y c>ry8 ,musical in/rum5ts8 ,clo?+8 #f4 ,w\ld x be a good plan to make a specialty ( c]ta9 br&s = lead]s & to quote a special price on !m8 #g4 ,if y 7 j />t+ a :olesale h>dw>e or groc]y bus9ess1 /ate :i* y ?9k w\ld be ! bett] policy3 7#a7 to conc5trate on "o k9d ( goods 9 "o t]ritory & to take on o!r k9ds & t]ritories lat]1 or 7#b7 to "w all k9ds ( goods z widely z possible f ! v beg9n+4 ,expla9 fully4 #h4 ,w\ld y be> "p ( ! exp5se ( retail]s' adv]tis+1 especially ( w9d[ displays1 provid$ !y h&l$ y\r goods8 #i4 ,w\ld x be good bus9ess = ! salesm5 ( ! firm to sugge/ sell+ me?ods to retail]s & to plan w9d[ displays = !m8 ,give y\r reasons4 #aj4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld increase sales to (f] a money prize to ! retail] sell+ ! l>ge/ am\nt ( a c]ta9 k9d ( y\r goods1 ! sale ( :i* y wi%$ mat]ially to increase8 #aa4 ,tell :i* y ?9k w\ld be ! bett] policy3 7#a7 to und]sell y\r competitors = a "t & !n1 :5 y _h ! trade1 to raise y\r prices1 or 7#b7 to set "o price & ma9ta9 x f ! beg9n+4 ,give y\r reasons4 #ab4 ,if y 7 gett+ out a new br& ( c>p5t]s' tools1 :]e w\ld y adv]tise8 ,w\ld y conduct an ext5sive national campaign8 #ac4 ,if y 7 br++ out a new soap or wa%+ p[d]1 :]e w\ld y adv]tise8 ,w\ld y conduct an ext5sive national adv]tis+ campaign8 ,:at w\ld y\r answ] be if y 7 introduc+ a new br& ( crack]s8 #ad4 ,w\ld br++ out novelties f "t to "t help ! sale ( y\r /aple articles8 ,expla94 #ae4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld pay to s5d circul>s to ! h\sewives ( a c]ta9 locality to get ! local groc]s' trade8 ,aft] y _h ! local groc]s' trade8 ,ex]cise #bfd ,writt5 #a4 ,y are ,?os4 ,h4 ,peabody ( ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co4's :olesale groc]y4 ,prep>e a circul> lett]1 ann\nc+ y\r removal to a new build+4 ,! lett] w be pr9t$ 9 imitation ( typewrit+ & ! introduction fill$ 9 lat] on ! typewrit]4 ,rememb] y are seek+ patronage4 ,address "o lett] to ,walt] ,t4 ,b>?1 #cej ,e4 ,wat] ,/41 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 #b4 ,write an adv]tisem5t to appe> 9 ! ,janu>y numb] ( ,! ,groc] & ,c\ntry ,m]*ant1 a groc]s' trade j\rnal4 ,x w ann\nce y\r *ange ( location4 #c4 ,y receive an ord] f a retail] 9 :i* he asks = a c]ta9 br& ( c(fee t y d n c>ry4 ,write a lett] tell+ him y d n h&le t br& & (f]+ him ano!r4 ,make ! lett] z c\rte\s z possible4 #d4 ,write an adv]tisem5t = 7#a7 a bookkeep]2 7#b7 a /5ograph]4 #e4 ,answ] 7#a7 or 7#b7 above4 #f4 ,write an adv]tisem5t = a travel+ salesman4 #g4 ,answ] 7#f7 tell+ :y y ?9k y c\ld sell groc]ies al?\gh y h _h no exp]i5ce4 #h4 ,write a circul> lett] to s5d to ! trade sett+ =? ! m]its ( a new br& ( cann$ fruit4 ,say t y are (f]+ ! br& at a v attractive price 9 ! expectation t retail]s w make x a lead]4 ,write to ,mr4 ,b>? 7#a74 #i4 ,y h made a contract ) ! manufactur]s ( ! cann$ fruit m5tion$ 9 7#h71 by :i* y secure ! exclusive sale b take ! responsibility ( adv]tis+4 ,write to an adv]tis+ ag5cy1 say+ t y are consid]+ a ?ree mon?s' adv]tis+ campaign4 ,expla9 t y d n wi% ! exp5se to exce$ five ?\s& doll>s4 #aj4 ,! adv]tis+ ag5cy replies t1 z five ?\s& doll>s is a comp>atively small sum = a campaign1 x w\ld sugge/ t ! adv]tis+ be conf9$ to "o class3 /reet c>1 billbo>d1 newspap]1 or magaz9e4 ,write ! lett]4 #aa4 ,notify ! ag5cy ( y\r *oice1 giv+ y\r reasons4 #ab4 ,write a s]ies ( ?ree lett]s to s5d to h\sewives1 adv]tis+ ! cann$ fruit1 ) ! purpose ( hav+ !m ask = ?is br& at _! groc]s'3 7#a7 ,tell+ ! "n ( ! cann$ fruit1 its excell5ce1 its price1 & :]e x may be b\ght2 7#b7 ,ask+ if ! h\sewife has z yet b\ght any1 & if %e has n1 tell+ h] %e c get a sample at h] groc]'s on pres5tation ( ?is lett]2 7#c7 ,ask+ h[ %e lik$ ! fruit & quot+ a lett] ( recomm5dation receiv$ f ,mrs4 ,a41 :o lives 9 ! neighborhood4 ,urge h] to buy1 b n too abruptly4 ,a lett] to a woman %\ld be fairly long4 7,see page #bfe47 ,ex]cise #bfe #a4 ,= two mon?s y h be5 )\t a cr$it man4 ,y wi% to be v c>eful 9 y\r *oice because ( ! importance ( ! position4 ,j4 ,b4 ,wright ( #dci ,russell ,ave41 ,indianapolis1 is a p]sonal fri5d ( y\rs4 ,he has he>d t y ne$ a cr$it man & he recomm5ds ,joseph ,haddon1 :o work$ = him ?ree ye>s 9 t capacity until a ye> ago :5 he w5t to ,colorado because ( ! ill-heal? ( 8 wife4 ,mean:ile1 ,mr4 ,wright's son has be5 act+ z 8 cr$it man4 ,mrs4 ,haddon has n[ recov]$1 & h] husb& is anxi\s to get ano!r position4 ,reproduce ,mr4 ,wright's lett]4 #b4 ,write ! lett] ,mr4 ,wright s5ds ,mr4 ,haddon 9 ,colorado1 sugge/+ t ! latt] apply = ! position4 #c4 ,at ! same "t ,joseph ,haddon writes1 apply+ = ! position4 ,write ! lett] ( application4 #d4 ,write ,mr4 ,haddon's lett] ?ank+ ,mr4 ,wright = 8 int]e/4 ,rememb] t ! two m5 "k ea* o!r4 #e4 ,joseph ,haddon1 :om y h engag$1 is prov+ to be a v al]t cr$it man4 ,he has made a /udy ( y\r cr$it files & has discov]$ t y h a great _m acc\nts ( long /&+ t ought to be collect$4 ,he prep>es a c\rte\s lett] to s5d to ! debtors1 tell+ !m t he has j be5 made cr$it man & t he p]sonally w\ld l to get into clos] t\* ) _! p>ticul> situation to f9d out h[ soon he might expect a remittance f !m1 s t he c\ld plan ! future ( 8 dep>tm5t4 ,write ! lett]4 7,see page #bed47 #f4 ,a numb] ( retail]s remit ! am\nt t !y owe4 ,"s expla9 _! situation 9 detail1 b a great _m d n respond to 7#e74 ,write ano!r lett]1 /ill c\rte\s1 b m emphatic ?an 7#e71 to ^? :o did n respond4 7,see page #bee47 #g4 ,/ill a numb] d n respond4 ,write a ?ird lett]1 say+ t y w place ! matt] 9 ! h&s ( y\r attorney unless y receive a remittance )9 t5 days4 #h4 ,mr4 ,haddon discov]s t !re are ab\t a hundr$ retail]s :o us$ to be cu/om]s1 b :o h b\ght no?+ = ab\t two ye>s4 ,he reports ?is to ! sales manag]1 ,mr4 ,james ,woodwor?1 :o writes a lett] to ! retail]s to induce !m to s5d ano!r ord]1 us+ ! cann$ fruit spok5 ( 9 7#h7 ( ,ex]cise #bfd z a means ( int]e/+ !m4 #i4 ,na?aniel ,se>s1 a deal] 9 g5]al m]*&ise at ,jopl91 ,mo41 writes to y ask+ = an op5 acc\nt4 ,he says t he did a #aj1jjj bus9ess la/ ye> & t1 app>5tly1 sales ?is ye> w be l>g]4 ,he gives no ref]5ces4 ,y ref] ! matt] to ,mr4 ,haddon1 :o looks up ,mr4 ,se>s 9 ,brad/reet & !n writes to "o ( y\r salesm5 at ,/4 ,l\is1 ask+ him to inve/igate ! f9ancial /&+ ( ,mr4 ,se>s4 ,write to ! salesman4 #aj4 ,aft] ?ree days ! salesman reports t ,mr4 ,se>s seems to be do+ a good bus9ess1 b he ?9ks ! deal] is liv+ beyond 8 means4 ,he owes two :olesale h\ses #ejj & #hej respectively2 8 prop]ty 9 ,jopl9 is heavily mortgag$1 & yet he is mak+ ext5sive improvem5ts on 8 resid5ce2 8 son & 8 daught] are at exp5sive bo>d+ s*ools4 ,write ! lett]4 ,be exact 9 y\r in=mation4 #aa4 ,z ,mr4 ,woodwor?1 write ,mr4 ,se>s a c\rte\s lett]1 refus+ him cr$it b attempt+ to secure 8 ca% bus9ess4 #ab4 ,*>les ,freeman1 #ada ,p>k ,place1 ,new>k1 ,ohio1 writes 9 answ] to 7#e7 say+ t he is unable to pay 8 acc\nt ( #ejj4 ,aft] ! h>ve/ 8 out/&+ bills w be paid by ! f>m]s1 & !n he c remit4 ,he says he is will+ to give 8 #ij day note = ! am\nt he owes4 #ac4 ,mr4 ,haddon writes1 accept+ ! note4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,mail ,,ord] ,,m]*ant ,ex]cise #bff ,oral #a4 ,suppose y 7 />t+ a mail ord] bus9ess4 ,w\ld x make any diff]5ce 9 possible pr(its if y\r c5t] ( op]ations 7 9 a l>ge or a small city8 ,give y\r reasons4 #b4 ,w\ld y try to be ne> good transportation8 #c4 ,:at k9d ( /ock w\ld y adv]tise pr9cipally3 bulky articles or ^? easily h&l$8 exp5sive goods or ^? ( m mod]ate price8 #d4 ,y\r catalogue is y\r salesman4 ,:at w\ld ?is /atem5t sugge/ ab\t ! co/ ( runn+ y\r bus9ess z comp>$ ) t ( ,peabody1 ,h>p] ,co41 :o employ five salesm58 #e4 ,h[ w\ld y br+ special att5tion to y\r lead]s 9 y\r catalogue8 #f4 ,:y is x advisable n to give y\r catalogue away free1 b to *>ge a nom9al sum = x8 #g4 ,w\ld y sell z *eaply z y c\ld or w\ld y try to sell = z high a price z possible ev5 if y sold less8 #h4 ,is x pr(itable = a mail ord] m]*ant to sell "o spool ( ?read or "o pocket-knife8 ,consid] ! h&l+ & ! pack+4 #i4 ,:y c ! mail ord] m]*ant sell m *eaply ?an ! c\ntry deal]8 #aj4 a4 ,h[ is ! p>cel po/ favorable to ! mail ord] deal]8 b4 ,:y did ! c\ntry m]*ant object s /r5u\sly to ! passage ( ! p>cel po/ law8 #aa4 ,"s di/ributors :o h&le only "o k9d ( article sometimes pay ! freight4 ,w\ld ?is plan be advisable = a mail ord] h\se to adopt8 #ab4 ,s9ce ! pur*as] pays ! freight1 is x advisable = him to buy a l>ge or a small ord] at "o "t8 ,ex]cise #bfg ,writt5 #a4 ,a cu/om] :o wi%es to buy "s furniture compla9s t he c pur*ase :at he wi%es f ano!r firm t w pay ! freight4 ,write a lett] meet+ 8 objection4 #b4 ,y h j add$ a new clo?+ dep>tm5t & h publi%$ a special clo?+ catalogue1 :i* y w be glad to s5d to y\r cu/om]s free ( *>ge4 ,write a lett] tell+ ( ! new dep>tm5t & draw+ special att5tion to y\r ?ree-piece s]ge suit = #ae4 ,enclose a sample ( ! clo?4 #c4 ,write1 especially to f>m]s1 say+ t ) ! facilities n[ (f]$ by ! p>cel po/ y are able to supply _! wants quickly2 z1 = example1 = a brok5 "p ( a piece ( f>m ma*9]y4 ,write a fairly long lett] 9 a fri5dly tone4 #d4 ,9 ! fall write a lett]1 address+ ! f>m]s' wives1 say+ t1 z w9t] is at h&1 x w\ld be well = !m to put 9 a supply ( groc]ies :5 prices are reasonable4 ,enclose a fold] giv+ "s attractive b>ga9s4 ,write ! fold]4 #e4 ,write a lett]1 say+ t y h j put up a new build+4 ,invite y\r cu/om] to come to see x4 ,expla9 t e aft]noon f #b to #d o'clock !re w be a b& conc]t 9 y\r l>ge visitors' hall4 ,ex]cise #bfh #a4 ,let "o pupil be *os5 to dictate to ! class ea* ( ! lett]s outl9$ bel[4 ,he is to use no notes4 ,! class w repres5t /5ograph]s4 #b4 ,discuss & improve ! lett]s t h be5 dictat$4 #a4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n1 a mail ord] firm at ,n4 #aa? & ,call[hill ,/reets1 ,philadelphia1 s5d y _! catalogue & an adv]tis+ lett]4 ,write ! lett]4 #b4 ,write1 /at+ t 9 _! catalogue ,no4 #f1 page #fgc1 ,borr\ghs ,br[n li/ a wa%+ ma*9e su* z y wi%1 call$ ! ,pride ,sw+ wa%+ ma*9e1 ,no4 #d-;,a-#dei4 ,! measurem5ts z li/$ are3 dep? #ac in*es1 diamet] #ba in*es4 ,! price is #e4be4 ,?is is too small = y\r purpose4 ,ask if !y c supply y ) ! same /yle #cj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,ask ! price4 #c4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n write t !y h no su* ma*9e 9 /ock1 b1 s9ce !re h be5 _m reque/s lately = a l>g] ma*9e1 !y h decid$ to consult ! factory1 & if x is advisable1 !y w reproduce ! ,pride ,sw+ ma*9e 9 l>g] size4 7,lett] head47 #d4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n1 ,dept4 #ah1 ,h\se ,furni%+s1 write to ! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co41 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*41 /at+ t !y h _h sev]al ord]s = a l>g] ,pride ,sw+ wa%+ ma*9e :i* ! ,wigg9s ,company manufacture4 ,burr\ghs ,br[n ask conc]n+ a #cj-;in* ma*9e4 ,write ! lett]4 #e4 ,! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co4 telegraph ,borr\ghs ,br[n t be=e !y c /ate a price on a #cj-;in* ,pride ,sw+ ma*9e1 !y mu/ make samples1 calculat+ co/ ( mat]ials & workman%ip4 ,write ! telegram4 ,confirm by lett]4 ,write ! lett]4 #f4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n write y1 giv+ ! in=mation conta9$ 9 7#e7 above4 #g4 ,! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co4 write ,borr\ghs ,br[n1 /at+ t aft] sev]al exp]im5ts !y f9d t ! coil spr+s by :i* ! ,pride ,sw+ ma*9e is op]at$ are too weak = ! l>g] siz$ tub4 ,! manufacture ( suitable spr+s w cause "s delay 9 _! f9al report4 #h4 ,t5 days lat]4 ,telegram4 ,! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co4 to ,borr\ghs ,br[n1 /at+ t !y h n[ p]fect$ a ,pride ,sw+ ,special ma*9e2 wid? #cj in*es1 dep? #ah in*es2 price #h1 ) a disc\nt ( #ej4 #i4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n write y t !y h p]fect$ a ,pride ,sw+ ,special wa%+ ma*9e1 ,no4 #d-;,b-#dei1 #cj in*es 9 diamet]1 #ah in*es 9 dep?1 price #g4 ,add a c\rte\s close4 #aj4 ,ord] five ma*9es4 ,give full %ipp+ directions4 ,say t y w pay accord+ to ! (f] made on page #be1 catalogue ,no4 #f2 viz41 #bj ^u receipt ( ! goods & #e p] mon? until !y are paid =4 ,give two ref]5ces4 #aa4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n telegraph ! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co4 ord]+ #ajj ma*9es1 five ( :i* are to be s5t directly to y4 ,write1 confirm+ ! telegram4 #ab4 ,two weeks lat] ?an lett] 7#aj7 write aga91 expla9+ t y h n receiv$ ! ma*9es y ord]$4 ,ask ! reason = ! delay4 #ac4 ,two weeks lat] ?an 7#aa7 write a telegram f ,borr\ghs ,br[n to ! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co41 ask+ :y ! ma*9es h n be5 s5t4 #ad4 ,s5d a telegram f ! ,w4 ,f4 ,wigg9s ,mfg4 ,co4 to ,borr\ghs ,br[n1 say+ t1 ow+ to a team/]s' & %ipp+ cl]ks' /rike1 !y h n be5 able to fill any ( _! ord]s = ! la/ two weeks4 ,! ma*9es h be5 s5t4 7,/ate h[ & :547 ,write a lett]1 confirm+ ! telegram4 #ae4 ,borr\ghs ,br[n write to in=m y t ! /rike 0 ! cause ( ! delay 9 ! %ipm5t ( ! ma*9es y ord]$ ----4 ,! ma*9es 7 %ipp$ ----4 ,add a c\rte\s close4 ,ex]cise #bfi ,conduct a transaction ( y\r own1 us+ ! above z a model1 except 9 ! me?od ( paym5t4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,salesman ,salesman%ip is a bran* ( di/ribution ab\t :i* _m volumes h be5 writt54 ,we _c consid] x m9utely f ! p]sonal view ( ! salesman1 b c only t\* ^u x f ! po9t ( view ( di/ribution4 ,! salesman is m]ely a =ce 9 di/ribution l correspond5ce1 circul>s1 & adv]tis+4 ,b ! salesman has ! advantage ov] ^! 9 t he is able to br+ 8 p]sonality to be> 9 ! problem ( gett+ bus9ess4 ,x is by means ( 8 p]sonality t ! salesman gets ! att5tion & confid5ce ( ! cu/om]1--a ?+ :i* is extremely h>d to d 9 a lett]1 a circul>1 or an adv]tisem5t4 ,secur+ a buy]'s confid5ce is v important1 because no suspici\s cu/om] has ev] yet b\ght any?+4 ,9 addition to a pleas+ p]sonality a good salesman mu/ h a wide & ?or\gh k ( 8 w>es4 ,if he does n "k 8 goods1 ! sale drags2 :]eas1 if he kn[s ev]y?+ good !re is to be kn[n ab\t !m1 8 en?usiasm in/ills en?usiasm into ! cu/om]4 ,aft] br++ 8 k & 8 en?usiasm into play1 he mu/ next call on 8 p]sev]ance & 8 tact2 p]sev]ance to keep at ! cu/om] until he gets ! ord]1 & tact to "k 9 ea* case j h[ to g ab\t gett+ ! ord] & j :5 to /op4 ,_m salesm5 talk too mu*2 _m m d n talk en\gh4 ,ex]cise #bgj ,oral ,9 talk+ on any ( ! foll[+ subjects be sure y "k j :at y are go+ to say be=e y beg91 & !n say x cle>ly & conv9c+ly4 ,don't say too mu* & don't say too little4 ,j exactly h[ mu* y %\ld say no "o c tell y4 ,y mu/ wat* y\r audi5ce4 ,if !y look puzzl$1 give m details2 if !y look bor$1 try %ort]1 m concise s5t5ces1 or br+ y\r talk to a close4 ,aft] y h expla9$ all y\r po9ts1 sum !m up briefly at ! end4 ,rememb] t y\r talk mu/1 fir/1 attract att5tion2 second1 hold ! int]e/2 & ?ird1 create en?usiasm & desire to buy4 ,to supplem5t :at facts y get f obs]vation1 /udy adv]tisem5ts & catalogues to get mat]ial = 7#i7 to 7#bj7 bel[3 #a4 ,get up a talk to p]suade a fre%man or a gr\p ( fre%m5 to subscribe to ! s*ool pap]4 #b4 ,to p]suade girls to contribute to a fund to be us$ to buy suits = ! football team4 #c4 ,to induce p>ticul>ly un9t]e/$ fre%m5 to buy tickets = a s*ool activity2 = example1 a debate4 #d4 ,z a real e/ate ag5t induce a classmate to e/abli% a home 9 y\r neighborhood4 #e4 ,try to sell ! manag] ( ! baseball team a new l9e ( a?letic goods4 #f4 ,try to sell a set ( ,dick5s' 7or any o!r au?or's7 works to a boy :o is n fond ( read+4 ,y mu/ enjoy ! books t y recomm5d4 #g4 ,try to sell ! class or ! tea*] a new k9d ( loose leaf note book = sci5ce or ,engli% "w4 #h4 ,z an ag5t = ! publi%]s try to sell ?is text book to y\r ,engli% class or to y\r ,engli% tea*]4 #i4 ,y are try+ to sell an automobile to a f>m]4 ,by means ( concrete examples develop ! foll[+ items into a talk3 a4 ,! bus9ess opportunities to be ga9$4 b4 ,! social opportunities to be ga9$4 #aj4 ,get up a talk to sell a runab\t to a physician :o has a small practice4 ,suppose t he owns a horse & a buggy4 ,be tactful4 #aa4 ,y are a salesman = an automobile h\se & are try+ to sell a gasol9e c> to a man :o is p>tial to an electric c>4 ,meet ! objections to ! gasol9e c> & put =w>d its advantages4 #ab4 ,y are try+ to sell an electric runab\t to a woman4 ,develop ! foll[+ into a talk3 a4 ,ease ( op]ation4 b4 ,noiselessness & com=t4 c4 ,elegant appe>ance4 #ac4 ,y are try+ to sell ! manag] ( a local express company a motor truck4 ,ga!r all ! data y c & pres5t x 9 a talk on :y he %\ld replace 8 horses & wagons ) motor trucks4 ,be z specific z possible4 #ad4 ,get up a talk %[+ :y a man ) consid]able means %\ld trade 8 two ye> old c> z "p paym5t = ! late/ model4 #ae4 ,get up a talk to sell a phonograph4 #af4 ,to sell an electric wa%+ ma*9e4 #ag4 ,to sell a piano4 #ah4 ,to sell a vacuum clean]4 #ai4 ,to sell a subscription to a magaz9e4 #bj4 ,to obta9 an ord] = groc]ies or teas & c(fees4 ,! (f] ( premiums might add to ! effectiv5ess ( y\r talk4 ,ex]cise #bga ,! foll[+ p>agraph 0 adapt$ f ,william ,c4 ,freeman's ,adv]tis+ ,talks4 ,george ,wa%+ton's ,*]ry ,tree ,/ory has s]v$ a good purpose ?r\gh all ( ^! ye>s4 ,i _c tell a lie is a phrase t has be5 us$ 9 e s*oolroom 9 ,am]ica to impress ^u "y m9ds ! importance ( tru? tell+4 ,! phrase is also s]v+ its purpose outside ! s*oolroom4 ,9 all pr(essions & 9 all k9ds ( bus9ess1 m5 "k t 9 ord] to make good !y mu/ tell ! tru?4 ,!re nev] 01 9 all ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 a great] movem5t ?an n[ t[>d univ]sal tru? tell+4 ,!re is n ev5 t w9k+ at :ite lies t us$ to prevail4 ,! man :o does n make a direct /atem5t1 :o does n e>n a reputation = be+ hone/1 has no *ance ( succe$+4 ,"t 0 :5 ! trick/] 0 reg>d$ z %rewd & 0 accept$ 9 ! community z be+ "r bo? socially & comm]cially4 ,to-day ! man :o has money )\t a reputation = integrity is a bankrupt1 z f> z real fri5ds & public op9ion are conc]n$4 ,! expression ,i _c tell a lie has be5 *ang$ to-day to ,i w n tell a lie ev5 if ! lie seems m exp$i5t ?an ! blunt tru?4 ,s ,george ,wa%+ton's ,*]ry ,tree ,/ory is z good to-day z x ev] 04 ,prep>e p>agraphs on ! foll[+ sugge/ions1 exp&+ ea* by examples3 #a4 ,z a salesman1 be hone/ ) y\r cu/om]s4 #b4 ,cultivate tact4 #c4 ,cultivate a consci5ce4 #d4 ,le>n to avoid friction4 #e4 ,ackn[l$ge y\r mi/akes4 #f4 ,don't criticise4 #g4 ,don't procra/9ate4 #h4 ,don't boa/4 #i4 ,don't buy y\r clo!s on "t4 #aj4 ,don't borr[ f fell[ cl]ks4 #aa4 ,don't ?9k y\r employ] c't see :e!r y are work+4 #ab4 ,don't sell a m]*ant a l>g] ord] ?an he c move4 #ac4 ,/udy ! duties ( ! man ahead ( y4 #ad4 ,new ideas c\nt ) y\r employ]4 #ae4 ,he c :o ?9ks he c4 ,ex]cise #bgb ,writt5 #a4 ,a reque/ has come 9 f y\r t]ritory = y\r automobile catalogue4 ,write a lett] to accompany ! catalogue1 invit+ ! inspection ( y\r c>s4 ,make x z p]sonal z possible4 #b4 ,y h j be5 talk+ ) a prospective buy]4 ,drive home "s ( ! /rong po9ts ( y\r c> 9 a lett] exploit+ /r5g?1 reliability1 & spe$4 ,use ! foll[+ z a basis ( y\r lett]3 ,! ,up-to-!-m9ute c> breaks ! record f ,new ,york to ,san ,francisco1 mak+ ! trip 9 t5 days1 fifte5 h\rs1 & ?irte5 seconds4 #c4 ,y h j %[n y\r motor truck to a bus9ess man4 ,/r5g!n ! impression y made on him by writ+ him a lett] summ+ up ! important advantages ( ! motor truck4 ,use ! foll[+ extract f a lett]3 ,x has n miss$ a s+le trip s9ce ,i h _h x1 & x takes ! place ( ?ree wagons & twelve horses4 ,my r\te f ,wal?am is s long t a pair ( horses go+ ov] x "o day has to be laid (f ! next4 ,?is truck makes ?ree trips ea* day4 ,i h _h x on ! road ne>ly f\r mon?s & h cov]$ ov] f\r ?\s& 7#d1jjj7 miles ) no exp5se = repairs4 #d4 ,a prospective cu/om] has lo/ int]e/4 ,try to ar\se him once m by tell+ him ( a p>ticul>ly good sale rec5tly made1 or ( a new model j receiv$1 or ( a new device lately p]fect$4 ,y\r object is to get him to inspect y\r c>s aga94 #e4 ,write a lett] to a weal?y man :o b\ght "o ( y\r c>s two ye>s ago1 (f]+ him half ( :at he paid = ! c> 9 ex*ange = a new model4 ,make him see t x w\ld be to 8 advantage to accept ! (f]4 #f4 ,write an adv]tisem5t to appe> 9 a local newspap] ask+ = an automobile salesman4 #g4 ,answ] ! adv]tisem5t1 tell+ :y y ?9k y c\ld sell c>s1 al?\gh y h _h no exp]i5ce4 #h4 ,write a lett] to a fri5d tell+ him y h be5 (f]$ ! ag5cy = ! ,up-to-!-m9ute c>4 ,ask him to be y\r p>tn]1 & try to %[ him :y y w succe$4 ,he w be expect$ to be> half ! (fice exp5ses1 & he w get half ! commissions4 ,ex]cise #bgc--,sugge/ions = ,debates #a4 ,! mail ord] h\se ru9s ! trade ( ! c\ntry m]*ant4 #b4 ,! giv+ ( free samples does n attract desirable pur*as]s4 #c4 ,! use ( trad+ /amps %\ld be aboli%$4 #d4 ,! motor wagon is m advantage\s = ! av]age groc] ?an ! horse & wagon4 #e4 ,all manufactur$ food products %\ld be sold 9 sanit>y1 seal$ packages4 ,ex]cise #bgd ,oral or ,writt5 ,prep>e p>agraphs on ! foll[+3 #a4 ,a m]*ant mu/ "k 8 neighborhood be=e he buys 8 /ock4 #b4 ,sell+ by weight r ?an by measure b5efits deal] & consum]4 #c4 ,giv+ %ort weights does n prove pr(itable4 #d4 ,! price ( a c]ta9 k9d ( goods1 or ( an article1 t is go+ out ( /yle %\ld be r$uc$ to move x quickly4 #e4 ,if m]*ants did n deliv] pur*ases1 goods w\ld be *eap]4 #f4 ,h>d "w & pati5ce spell ! m]*ant's success4 #g4 ,! middle man gets ! bulk ( ! pr(it4 #h4 ,! telegraph is a great aid to ! bus9ess man4 #i4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 day & night telegraphic rates4 #aj4 ,money may be s5t by telegraph4 #aa4 ,! night lett] is v useful to ! m]*ant4 #ab4 ,! p>cel po/ is a great help to ! f>m]4 #ac4 ,! p>cel po/ t5ds to increase ! bus9ess ( ! mail ord] firms4 #ad4 ,! object ( an automobile exhibit is to sell c>s4 #ae4 ,! five-&-t5-c5t /ores h succe$$ because ----4 ,ex]cise #bge ,prep>e p>agraphs on ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! importance ( transportation facilities to ! f>m]4 #b4 ,! importance ( transportation facilities to ! manufactur]4 #c4 ,! /eam%ip 9 int]national trade4 #d4 ,transportation be=e ! days ( ! railroad4 #e4 ,! influ5ce ( ! railroad 9 ! advance ( civilization4 #f4 ,electrify+ ! railroads4 #g4 ,spe$1 ! cause ( railroad accid5ts4 #h4 ,! obs]vation c>4 #i4 ,! c>e ( food 9 ! refrig]ator c>4 #aj4 ,! "w ( ! railroad repair-%op4 #aa4 ,! advantage ( railroad transportation ov] wat] transportation4 #ab4 ,! advantage ( wat] transportation ov] railroad transportation4 #ac4 ,:y ! l>g] railroads 9 our c\ntry run ea/ & we/4 #ad4 ,! advantages ( ! pay-z-y-ent] c>4 #ae4 ,! importance ( ! int]urban electric railroads 9 c\ntry trade4 #af4 ,! disadvantages ( ! elevat$ sy/em 9 l>ge cities4 #ag4 ,conge/ion 9 ! bus9ess di/rict ( a l>ge city4 #ah4 ,! und]gr\nd sy/em z a solution = conge/$ traffic4 #ai4 ,! "w ( a transf] company4 #bj4 ,! motor truck decreases ! bus9ess ( ! express companies4 #ba4 ,! automobile decreases railroad suburban bus9ess4 ,ex]cise #bgf ,topics = ,inve/igation & ,discussion #a4 ,! "w ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission4 #b4 ,h[ railroads control o!r railroads4 #c4 ,railroad e>n+s4 #d4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( railroad traffic4 #e4 ,! relation betwe5 ! express companies & ! railroads4 #f4 ,railroad rates & rebates4 #g4 ,gov]nm5t own]%ip ( railroads4 #h4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,panama canal 9 ! gr[? ( bus9ess 9 ! s\!rn /ates4 #i4 ,! influ5ce ( ! canal 9 ! gr[? ( bus9ess 9 ! c5tral ,we/4 #aj4 ,! influ5ce ( ! canal 9 ! gr[? ( bus9ess 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 #aa4 ,! deep wat] way4 #ab4 ,! p>cel po/ zones4 ,ex]cise #bgg ,books t w ,sugge/ ,topics = ,talks ,,bolton1 ,s4 ,k41 ,successful ,wom54 ,,*amb]la91 ,j4 ,f41 ,h[ ,we ,travel4 ,,drysdale1 ,w41 ,helps = ,ambiti\s ,boys2 ,helps = ,ambiti\s ,girls4 ,,f[l]1 ,n4 ,c41 ,practical ,salesman%ip2 ,/>t+ 9 ,life4 ,,hale1 ,e4 ,e41 ,:at ,c>e]8 ,,hig9bo?am1 ,h4 ,n41 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,m]*ant4 ,,laselle1 ,m4 ,a4 & ,,wiley1 ,k4 ,e41 ,vocations = ,girls4 ,,lundgr51 ,,*>les1 ,! ,new ,salesman%ip4 ,,lyde1 ,l4 ,w41 ,man & 8 ,m>kets4 ,,mallon1 ,i4 ,a4 ,s41 ,! ,bus9ess ,girl4 ,,manson1 ,g4 ,j41 ,ready = ,bus9ess4 ,,m>sd51 ,o4 ,s41 ,! ,secret ( ,a*ievem5t2 ,! ,"y ,man ,ent]+ ,bus9ess4 ,,mitt51 ,g4 ,e41 ,! ,book ( ! ,railway4 ,,moody1 ,w4 ,d41 ,m5 ,:o ,sell ,?+s4 ,,re$1 et al41 ,c>e]s = ! ,com+ ,m54 ,,ro*eleau1 ,w4 ,f41 ,transportation4 ,,roll9s1 ,f4 ,w41 ,:at c a ,"y ,man d8 ,,/ockwell1 ,h4 ,g41 ,ess5tial ,elem5ts ( ,bus9ess ,"*4 ,,/odd>d1 ,w4 ,o41 ,m5 ( ,bus9ess4 ,,! ,,vocation ,,bureau1 ,bo/on1 ,vocations = ,boys4 7,pamphlets on ,! ,groc]1 ,! ,ma*9i/1 ,! ,ar*itect1 etc47 ,,:ite1 ,s4 ,j41 ,bus9ess ,op5+s = ,girls4 ,ex]cise #bgh ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,transportation is a great bus9ess z well z manufactur+ or f>m+4 ,hi/ory tells u t v e>ly p did n h a settl$ home1 b1 :5 ! grass began to give out 9 "o "p ( ! c\ntry1 sev]al memb]s ( ! community1 p]haps :ole tribes1 took _! belong+s on _! backs & s\ght = a new place to settle4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t !y wi%$ to keep up "s sort ( int]c\rse ) _! fri5ds4 ,at once difficulties arose1 s9ce ho/ile tribes liv$ betwe5 !m & _! old home4 ,x 0 a brave man1 inde$1 :o v5tur$ to enc\nt] ! dang]s ( ! trip betwe5 ! settlem5ts4 ,su* a set ( m5 arose 9 ! p$dl]s1 :o set out alone or 9 c>avans ) articles ( produce or manufacture & brav$ ! dang]s ev5 ( a des]t to ex*ange :at !y c>ri$ = ! produce ( ! old home4 ,?is is ! e>lie/ =m ( transportation4 ,comp>e ?is simple =m ) ! mod]n railroad1 /eam%ip1 & express s]vice4 #b ,,captur+ ,,! ,,lat9 ,,am]ican ,,trade ,no empty it]ation ( ! ,monroe doctr9e1 no res]vation ( canal privileges1 w capture ! trade ( ,lat9 ,am]ica4 ,?is w be accompli%$ only by ef=ts to produce & to sell ^? c\ntries ! k9d ( goods t !y want2 measur$1 label$1 & pack$ _! way2 (f]$ 9 ! language t !y und]/&2 &1 moreov]1 sold at attractive prices4 ,our consuls abroad report t 9 all ^! ess5tials ,am]ican deal]s are defici5t & t ,briti%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man manufactur]s fill ! ,s\? ,am]ican m>kets4 ,to ^! rivals mu/ be add$ ano!r1 =1 9 spite ( old ,s\? ,am]ican prejudices aga9/ ,spa9 & ,spani% goods1 ! ,spani>ds are quietly rega9+ _! foot+ 9 ^? republics ( ^: trade a c5tury ago ! home c\ntry enjoy$ ! monopoly4 ,h] advantages1 we "k1 are a common language & famili>ity ) ! ways ( life & ! ta/es ( ! buy]s4 ,spa9 produces j ! k9d ( w9e1 olive oil1 & cann$ goods t ,s\? ,am]ica wants2 %e turns out ! k9d ( pap]1 ! patt]ns ( cotton goods1 ! /yles ( tools & implem5ts1 ! clo?+1 %oes1 & weapons us$ 9 ,lat9 ,am]ica2 & ! result is t %e gets ! trade4 ,"o-six?1 at lea/1 ( h] entire exports goes to h] =m] possessions4 #c ,s\? ,africa has be5 successfully op]at+ an agricultural p>cel po/4 ,by its in/rum5tality gold1 diamonds1 m9]als1 wool1 fea!rs1 saddl]y1 boots & %oes1 confection]y1 fruit1 plants1 se$1 butt] & eggs suitably pack$1 & o!r f>m products are transport$1 & ! produc] & consum] h be5 br\ght toge!r4 ,f ! report ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,po/s & ,telegraphs we le>n t ! s*eme has work$ well1 is a recogniz$ & popul> feature ( ! po/al sy/em1 & is entirely feasible4 ,! sp>se settlem5ts & widely scatt]$ population h n op]at$ to b> its success1 z 0 fe>$ at ! "t ( its introduction4 #d ,! duty ( apply+ ! rem$y = wrecks re/s1 prim>ily1 ) ! railroad manag]s4 ,& :at is ! rem$y1 & h[ is x to be appli$8 ,x w\ld seem t !re c be b "o answ]3 !re mu/ be /]n discipl9e = tak+ risks4 ,!re mu/ be ?or\gh in/ruction z to :at risks are & h[ to avoid !m1 j su* in/ruction z ! safety fir/ movem5t is lead+ up to1 b ext5d$ to e man 9 e dep>tm5t ( e road4 ,9 addition1 ! promise t no eng9eman w be c5sur$ = los+ or n mak+ up "t or = n runn+ fa/ :5 x is n consid]$ safe to d s mu/ be *ang$ to ! positive1 unequivocal /atem5t t !re w be a sub/antial p5alty = e case ( runn+ fa/ :5 x is n safe to d s4--,railway ,age ,gazette4 #e ,m & m att5tion1 ea* ye>1 is be+ giv5 by ! railroad manag]s to ! locat+ ( new k9ds ( indu/ry along _! l9es4 ,! roads 9 ! ,we/ & ! ,s\? ne>ly all h effici5t indu/rial dep>tm5ts1 l& dep>tm5ts1 or immigration dep>tm5ts4 ,_! m5 seek out new indu/ries1 meet ! /eam]s to tempt immigrants into _! region1 arrange = ! pur*ase or r5tal ( l&s1 & get toge!r reports ( ! soil1 ! products1 & ! advantages ( any desir$ location4 ,p]haps ! greate/ ef=t1 h[ev]1 is b5t ^u ! location ( new factories along ! r\te4 ,9 "o ye> "o s\!rn railroad induc$ m ?an sev5 hundr$ m5 to e/abli% indu/ries along its l9es1 aft] ! railroads _h made complete & pa9/ak+ inve/igation ( all ! conditions t w\ld confront ! prospective manufactur]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,adv]tis+ ,,adv]tis+ is "o ( ! mo/ vital =ces 9 ! problem ( di/ribution4 ,e adv]tisem5t is a salesman & is writt5 & s5t out ) ! idea ( do+ ! "w ( "o4 ,x may br+ 9 actual ord]s or x may m]ely d mission>y "w2 t is1 x may introduce a c]ta9 article or product & educate ! p to see its advantages s t :5 next !y desire t p>ticul> sort ( article1 !y w ord] ! "o t !y h se5 adv]tis$4 ,_m an article t has _h practically no sale has by means ( an effective adv]tis+ campaign be5 br\ght to a po9t ( wide di/ribution & ready sale4 ,h[ _m safety razors w\ld ! manufactur]s sell if !y _h nev] adv]tis$ _! product8 ,v few4 ,b :5 day aft] day1 ev]y:]e a man looks--9 /reet c>s1 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 & on billbo>ds--he sees />+ at him a reason :y he %\ld use a safety razor1 he soon comes to feel t he ne$s "o4 ,x is j ! same z ?\gh ! c\ntry 7 cov]$ ) salesm5 :o 7 con/antly aft] e "o to get him to see ! advantage ( ! safety razor4 ,! adv]tis$ articles may 9 !mselves be no bett] ?an ! unadv]tis$ br&s1 b adv]tis+ has creat$ a dem& = ! "o ov] ! o!r4 ,! secret ( sell+ success is creat+ a dem&4 ,! importance ( adv]tis+ is demon/rat$ by an exp]i5ce :i* ! city ( ,*icago _h on ,w$nesday1 ,m>* #b1 #aiaa4 ,on ! aft]noon be=e1 a dispute arose betwe5 two newspap]s & _! pr9t]s1 end+ 9 a tempor>y /rike ( ! pr9t]s4 ,z a result1 all pap]s publi%$ on ,m>* #b conta9$ only f\r pages ea*1 9 contra/ to ! usual tw5ty-f\r1 because !y conta9$ n a s+le adv]tisem5t4 ,=tunately1 ! /rike la/$ only "o day1 z ! local pr9t]s 7 at once reprim&$ by ! ,int]national ,typographical ,union4 ,b ! losses t newspap]s & retail bus9ess m5 suff]$ on ?is "o day conv9c$ !m ( ! p[] ( adv]tis+4 ,/reet c>s1 d[nt[n /reets1 & dep>tm5t /ores 7 almo/ empty4 ,to be sure1 billbo>ds /ill proclaim$ _! w>es1 b1 z soon z newspap] adv]tis+ ceas$1 ! great mass ( %opp+ /opp$4 ,ex]cise #bgi ,oral #a4 ,:at are "s ( ! adv]tis+ me?ods us$ 9 a retail bus9ess8 #b4 ,:at are "s ( ! adv]tis+ me?ods us$ 9 a :olesale bus9ess8 ,:]e are ! adv]tisem5ts publi%$8 #c4 ,:at is ! pr9cipal adv]tis+ m$ium ( ! mail ord] h\se8 ,expla9 :y x is effective4 #d4 ,:at is classifi$ adv]tis+8 ,:y are newspap]s anxi\s to increase x8 ,"n sev]al reasons4 #e4 ,:at is display adv]tis+ z di/+ui%$ f classifi$8 ,:at is ! pr9cipal m$ium ( ?is k9d ( adv]tis+8 #f4 ,give sev]al in/ances ( adv]tis+ by means ( ! di/ribution ( novelties1 su* z cal5d>s4 ,is su* adv]tis+ effective8 #g4 ,is ! di/ribution ( samples good adv]tis+8 ,be specific 9 y\r answ]4 #h4 ,is x a good ?+ to h a trade-m>k8 ,"n "s trade-m>ks t y ?9k are good adv]tis+4 #i4 ,is a b>ga9 table good adv]tis+8 ,:at is its advantage 9 a retail /ore8 #aj4 ,:at class ( adv]tis+ is done 9 ! classifi$ columns ( a newspap]8 #aa4 ,:at class ( articles & products is adv]tis$ 9 ! /reet c>s & tra9s8 ,exp5sive or inexp5sive8 ,?+s y use e day or n8 #ab4 ,are articles adv]tis$ by billbo>ds usually widely adv]tis$ articles or n8 #ac4 ,:at k9d ( articles w\ld y adv]tise 93 #a4 ,! newspap] r ?an ! magaz9e8 #b4 ,! magaz9e r ?an ! newspap]8 #c4 ,! /reet c> r ?an on ! billbo>d8 #d4 ,! trade pap]s r ?an ! newspap]s8 #ad4 ,suppose y 7 br++ out a new soap & y c\ld use only "o ( ! foll[+ m$iums3 7#a7 newspap]s2 7#b7 local & trade magaz9es2 7#c7 /reet c>s2 7#d7 billbo>ds & po/]s4 ,:i* w\ld y *oose & :y8 ,w\ld y\r answ] be ! same if y _h real e/ate to sell8 ,a new ma*9e8 ,if y 7 produc+ a new play8 #ae4 ,,news ,,item4--,! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 has issu$ a bullet91 /at+ t ( all ! money sp5t = food1 %elt]1 & clo?+ #ij is sp5t by wom54 ,w\ld ! foll[+ be good adv]tis+ = a magaz9e3 ,! wom5 ( ! c\ntry read ?is pap]8 ,give reasons = y\r answ]4 #af4 ,d h&bills sugge/ *eapness to y8 ,ex]cise #bhj ,oral ,discuss ! value ( ea* ( ! foll[+ z =ms ( adv]tis+3 #a4 ,location4 #b4 ,furni%+s ( ! (fice or ! /ore4 #c4 ,lett] head+s4 #d4 ,w9d[ displays4 #e4 ,electric 7or o!r7 signs4 #f4 ,mov+ electric signs4 #g4 ,colors 7especially r$s1 gre5s1 & yell[s7 z aga9/ black & :ite4 #h4 ,:ite lett]+ on a black backgr\nd4 ,ex]cise #bha ,fundam5tally1 ! same pr9ciples apply to ! adv]tisem5t z apply to ! sales lett] 7,see page #bcj74 ,fir/ ( all1 y mu/ look at y\r goods f ! /&po9t ( ! us]2 see 8 ga9 9 buy+ r ?an y\r pr(it 9 sell+4 ,y\r products1 !n1 w probably fall into "o ( ! foll[+ g5]al classes3 #a4 ,some?+ entirely new = :i* y mu/ create a dem& by %[+ its advantage to ! buy]1 ar\s+ 8 s5se ( ne$ &1 consequ5tly1 8 desire to possess4 #b4 ,some?+ new b fill+ a long-felt ne$--,j :at y've be5 look+ =--! value ( :i* w appeal to ! buy] almo/ z soon z ! product is expla9$4 ,comp>ison ) ! article t n[ imp]fectly fills ! want sugge/s itself4 #c4 ,a new br& ( an old /aple1 l crack]s1 ( :i* ! sup]iority mu/ be dwelt ^u to induce buy]s to ask = x4 ,ev5 aft] ! article is sell+ well1 cont9u\s adv]tis+ is necess>y to keep ! "n be=e ! public4 ,a pay+ adv]tisem5t appeals to a l>ge class ( p or1 bett] /ill1 to sev]al classes4 ,= a mom5t let u analyze a few ( ! appeals to :i* almo/ e "o responds2 let u consid] ! reasons back ( our pur*ases4 ,:y d we buy "o article & n ano!r8 ,we buy x fir/1 p]haps1 because we ne$ x or ?9k we ne$ x2 second1 because we ?9k x w ta/e good or be com=table or good-look+ or because x w af=d u amusem5t2 ?ird1 because we ?9k x is bett]1 ?\gh possibly m exp5sive1 ?an any o!r br& on ! m>ket1 & our pride or our desire to emulate responds to x2 f\r?1 because we ?9k x is good = our heal? or our safety2 &1 fif?1 because we %all save money or make money !reby4 ,summ+ up1 we may say t ! motives to :i* appeals may safely be made are3 #a4 ,ne$1 consci\s or unconsci\s 7usefulness1 quality1 or durability74 #b4 ,com=t1 amusem5t1 or appetite4 #c4 ,pride1 desire to emulate1 or vanity4 #d4 ,safety 7( heal? or p]sonal possessions74 #e4 ,economy or ga94 ,clip f magaz9es & br+ to class good adv]tisem5ts t appeal to ! motives nam$ above4 ,try to f9d ^? adv]tisem5ts t make an appeal to only "o motive 9 "o adv]tisem5t4 ,ex]cise #bhb ,! foll[+ cat* phrases h be5 tak5 f adv]tisem5ts 9 v>i\s places4 ,tell 7#a7 :e!r _! appeal is g5]al2 7#b7 :e!r !y induce "o to buy2 & 7#c7 if !y d1 :i* ( ! motives giv5 above h be5 us$ by ! adv]tis]4 ,frequ5tly m ?an "o motive is us$ 9 "o adv]tisem5t4 #a4 ,= a delicatess5 /ore3 ,good ?+s to eat4 #b4 ,= a *ew+ gum3 ,! ta/e la/s4 #c4 ,= a motor wa%]3 ,two c5ts a week pays y\r wa%+ bill4 #d4 ,= a refrig]ator3 ,are y poison+ y\r family8 #e4 ,= a summ] dr9k3 ,x's wet4 #f4 ,= /ock+s3 ,we> l #fj1 look l #ej1 co/ b #be4 #g4 ,= a %av+ soap3 ,com=t = y\r face1 economy = y\r purse4 #h4 ,= a l9im5t3 ,don't rub--x p5etrates4 #i4 ,= a hair tonic3 ,:at does y\r mirror say8 #aj4 ,= a clo?+ /ore3 ,exclusive /yles = exclusive wom54 #aa4 ,= an inexp5sive sc\r+ p[d]3 ,:y p\r money d[n ! s9k8 #ab4 ,= cann$ goods3 ,:5 company comes4 #ac4 ,= a v>ni%3 ,wat] won't hurt x4 #ad4 ,= bread3 ,! human h& nev] t\*es x4 #ae4 ,= a f\nta9 p53 ,x c't leak4 ,ex]cise #bhc ,br+ to class two adv]tisem5ts conta9+ cat* phrases t y ?9k are good4 ,to :i* ( ! motives giv5 above does ea* appeal8 ,ex]cise #bhd ,br+ 9 two adv]tisem5ts ( articles t h sugge/ive names4 ,:at is ! value ( a sugge/ive "n8 ,ex]cise #bhe--;,good & ,bad ,headl9es ,a good headl9e has ! foll[+ qualities3 ,fir/1 x %\ld be %ort4 ,pr(essor ,walt] ,dill ,scott det]m9$ by exp]im5ts t ! av]age p]son c ord9>ily att5d to only ab\t f\r visual objects at ! same "t--f\r lett]s1 f\r words1 f\r simple pictures1 or f\r geometrical figures4 ,z ! headl9e ( an adv]tisem5t is int5d$ to be tak5 9 at "o glance1 x %\ld1 !re=e1 be n long] ?an f\r words--pref]ably less1 provid$ ! int]e/ ( ! phrase is ! same4 ,%ort words1 too1 c be tak5 9 m readily ?an long words4 ,second1 ! be/ headl9e is a comm&4 ,p in/9ctively obey a comm&1 unless x is s word$ t !y rebel aga9/ ! mann] ( expression4 ,?ird1 a good headl9e is sugge/ive4 ,x t\*es ^u ! ?+s t ! read] is ?9k+ ab\t4 ,x %[s t ! article t is (f]$ = sale has a close connection ) ! int]e/s t absorb ! read]'s m9d4 ,x is a direct answ] to 8 ?\ghts1 feel+s1 hopes1 or worries4 ,! foll[+ headl9es 7 tak5 f ! adv]tisem5ts 9 "o issue ( a magaz9e4 ,judge ( _! effectiv5ess1 us+ ! ?ree pr9ciples giv5 above z a basis = y\r decision3 #a4 ,get ,t ,job6 #b4 ,foot ,com=t4 #c4 ,v5tilate1 b ,don't ,cat* ,cold6 #d4 ,a ,new ,fil+ ,cab9et4 #e4 ,are ,y ,op5 to ,conviction8 #f4 ,l[ ,pric$ ,envelope ,seal]4 #g4 ,%ave = #a;c ,)\t ,/ropp+4 #h4 ,:at a ,wond]ful ,trip6 #i4 ,save #cj on ,y\r ,furniture4 #aj4 ,y ,h a ,"r to ,indep5d5ce4 #aa4 ,j ,out6 #ab4 ,get ! ,du/ ,out ( ,y\r ,home--,x's ,dang]\s4 #ac4 ,! ,easie/ ,rid+ ,c> 9 ! ,_w4 #ad4 ,our ,se$s ,gr[4 #ae4 ,t ,raise6 7,sub-head+ 9 small] type3 ,:at ,w\ld a ,raise 9 ,sal>y ,mean to ,y87 ,ex]cise #bhf ,"s adv]tis]s *oose headl9es m]ely = ! purpose ( attract+ att5tion1 =gett+ t ! headl9e %\ld sugge/ :at ! foll[+ illu/ration & text expla94 ,a few ye>s ago a well-kn[n automobile company ran an adv]tisem5t ) ! headl9e #ajjj ,wor? ( ,folly4 ,! headl9e 0 foll[$ by a picture ( ! automobile4 ,! adv]tisem5t 0 int5d$ to convey ! idea t1 z ?is c> might be b\ght = #cjjj1 any "o pay+ #djjj = an automobile 0 fooli%ly squ&]+ #ajjj4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! only sugge/ion t ! read] got f ! adv]tisem5t 0 t any "o :o paid #ajjj = ! illu/rat$ c> w\ld be a fool4 #a4 ,br+ to class an adv]tisem5t 9 :i* ! headl9e has no connection ) ! re/ ( ! adv]tisem5t1 be+ us$ m]ely to cat* ! att5tion4 #b4 ,f9d an adv]tisem5t 9 :i* ! headl9e sugge/s ! opposite ( :at ! adv]tisem5t is int5d$ to convey4 #c4 ,h[ might ei!r adv]tisem5t be improv$8 ,ex]cise #bhg ,/ill-life adv]tisem5ts are n int]e/+4 ,! picture ( a furnace1 or a typewrit]1 or a h\se attracts less att5tion ?an ! same objects ) human be+s repres5t$ mov+ 9 ! picture4 ,br+ to class two adv]tisem5ts ( ! same k9d ( article1 9 "o ( :i* a /ill-life illu/ration is us$ & 9 ! o!r ( :i* human be+s are us$ to c5t] ! att5tion ^u ! article t is (f]$ = sale4 ,ex]cise #bhh ,br+ to class 7#a7 an adv]tisem5t t is n good because x conta9s too mu*--lacks a c5t] ^u :i* ! att5tion naturally focuses2 & 7#b7 an adv]tisem5t t is good because x has a def9itely def9$ c5t] ( attraction4 ,ex]cise #bhi ,br+ to class an adv]tisem5t 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( balance is us$ to advantage1 two illu/rations1 "o on ea* side ( ! text1 be+ us$ to convey "o impression4 ,ex]cise #bij ,9 writ+ ! foll[+1 try to embody ! pr9ciples t h be5 br\ght out 9 previ\s ex]cises3 #a4 ,an ent]ta9m5t is to be giv5 9 ! s*ool hall4 ,write an adv]tisem5t to appe> 9 ! s*ool pap]4 #b4 ,write an ann\ncem5t ( ! same ent]ta9m5t--to be po/$ on ! bullet9 bo>d4 #c4 ,write an adv]tisem5t = a debate4 #d4 ,= a football1 baseball1 or basket-ball game4 #e4 ,= an int]-class conte/4 #f4 ,y h p]mission to secure adv]tisem5ts to be pr9t$ 9 ! program ( ! ent]ta9m5t spok5 ( above4 ,suppose t y are to write ! copy = ! diff]5t adv]tisem5ts4 ,use "o-eigh?1 "o-qu>t]1 "o-half1 or "o page1 z y wi%4 ,adv]tise a groc]y4 #g4 ,a meat m>ket4 #h4 ,a dry goods /ore4 #i4 ,a c&y /ore4 #aj4 ,a bak]y4 #aa4 ,a bank4 #ab4 ,a tailor's %op4 #ac4 ,a photograph]'s /udio4 #ad4 ,a b>b] %op4 #ae4 ,a drug /ore4 ,ex]cise #bia #a4 ,write a h&bill ann\nc+ a #bj disc\nt sale to run ?ree days 9 y\r dry goods /ore4 #b4 ,describe a *air1 table1 or o!r article ( furniture 9 y\r own home4 ,! description is to =m "p ( an adv]tisem5t to appe> 9 a mail ord] catalogue4 #c4 ,y are adv]tis+ a new br& ( c(fee 9 ! /reet c>4 ,write ! c>d4 ,w\ld y use an illu/ration8 ,if s1 ( :at k9d8 #d4 ,z 9 7#c7 adv]tise a new br& ( pork & beans4 #e4 ,z 9 7#c7 adv]tise a %oe sale4 #f4 ,adv]tise a well-kn[n br& ( soap 9 a magaz9e4 ,use y\r own idea4 ,w\ld y use an illu/ration8 #g4 ,h[ w\ld y adv]tise an automobile :i* has prov$ its m]its8 ,rememb]1 y\r object is to keep ! "n be=e ! public4 ,h[ w\ld y adv]tise a new make ( automobile8 ,h[ mu* space w\ld y use 9 ei!r case8 ,write bo? adv]tisem5ts4 #h4 ,a half-page adv]tisem5t by ! ,hudson ,c]eal ,company1 #aaj ,hudson ,/41 ,new ,york1 ( _! ,n]vo-,c]eal ,c(fee conta9s ! item3 ,c y ?read a ne$le1 hold+ ! ?read "o in* f ! end8 ,if y _c1 y are n]v\s4 ,is c(fee to blame8 ,exploit ! aroma & flavor ( ! c]eal c(fee4 #i4 ,! ,c5tral ,pack+ ,company is runn+ a s]ies ( adv]tisem5ts ( _! ,premium ,extract ( ,beef4 ,?is "o is to appe> j be=e ,?anksgiv+4 ,entitle x ,f\r ,delici\s ,di%es = ! ,?anksgiv+ ,d9n]1 & !n 9 z attractive a =m z possible give f\r recipes1 mak+ a po9t ( ! necessity ( us+ ,premium ,extract = ! "r flavor4 ,at ! end sum up ! m]its ( ,premium ,extract & m5tion ! silv] premiums giv5 ) ! c]tificates "u ! metal caps4 #aj4 ,! ,bay ,city ,mill ,co41 ,bay ,city1 ,mi*41 sells f9e f9i%$ lumb] suitable = mak+ furniture at home4 ,prep>e an adv]tisem5t to %[ h[ simple x is to make tables & *airs at home ) _! plans & _! specially cut lumb]4 ,illu/rate by giv+ ! plans & work+ directions = mak+ a useful table1 %[+ h[ easy x is ) _! specially cut lumb]4 ,set an attractive price on ! lumb] necess>y to make ?is table4 ,sum up by exploit+ a book ( plans1 :i* may be _h = ! ask+4 ,ex]cise #bib ,! foll[+ p>agraph is tak5 f ,pr(essor ,scott's ,!ory ( ,adv]tis+4 ,:at is ! subject ( ! p>agraph8 ,is !re a topic s5t5ce8 ,by :at plan is ! p>agraph develop$8 ,_m ( ^? :o use illu/rations = _! adv]tisem5ts foll[ ! philosophy ( ! ,iri% boy :o said t he lik$ to /ub 8 toe because x felt s good :5 x /opp$ hurt+4 ,_m ( u are unable to see h[ ! boy _h made any ga9 aft] x 0 all ov]1 b he 0 satisfi$1 & t 0 suffici5t4 ,! philosophic disciples ( ! ,iri% boy are f\nd 9 adv]tis]s :o h c]ta9 ?+s to dispose ( :i* w n d c]ta9 h>mful ?+s4 ,fir/ !y *oose an illu/ration :i* w make y believe t :at !y h to sell is j :at y d n want1 & !n 9 ! text !y try to ov]come ?is false impression & to %[ y t :at !y h to (f] is n s bad aft] all4 ,mo/ ( u are unable to see h[ ! adv]tis] has ga9$1 ev5 if he has succe$$ 9 giv+ u logical pro( t 8 goods are n s bad z we 7 at fir/ l$ to ?9k4 ,we are n logically incl9$1 & we take ! illu/ration & ! text1 & we comb9e ! two4 ,! be/ t ! text c d is to de/roy ! evil effect ( ! illu/ration4 ,( c\rse1 :5 we read 9 ! text t ! illu/ration does n correctly repres5t ! goods1 we ought to disc>d ! illu/ration entirely & ?9k only ( ! text1 b1 un=tunately1 we are n con/ruct$ 9 t way4 ,! impression made by ! illu/ration & t made by ! text fuse & =m a :ole :i* is ! result =m$ by ^! two elem5ts4 ,write p>agraphs on ea* ( ! foll[+3 #a4 ,adv]tis+ is ess5tial 9 mod]n bus9ess4 #b4 ,adv]tis+ helps ! h\sewife economize4 #c4 ,! /udy ( adv]tisem5ts saves ! %opp]'s "t & /r5g?4 #d4 ,adv]tis$ goods co/ m ?an ! unadv]tis$ br&s4 7,give ! reasons47 #e4 ,trade-m>k$ & adv]tis$ goods h increas$ ! co/ ( liv+4 #f4 ,increas$ adv]tis+ causes ! /yles to *ange quickly4 #g4 ,e adv]tisem5t mu/ cat* & hold ! att5tion4 ,"s accompli% ?is object by caus+ a laugh4 7,describe "o su*47 #h4 ,"s adv]tisem5ts hold ! att5tion because !y appeal to our love ( ! my/]i\s4 ,"o su* is ---- 7describe x74 #i4 ,"s adv]tisem5ts succe$ because ( _! clev] color s*eme4 ,"o su* is ----4 #aj4 ,e successful adv]tisem5t conta9s a conv9c+ argum5t4 #aa4 ,m\? to m\? adv]tis+ is ! be/ & ! *eape/4 #ab4 ,adv]tis$ goods are bett] because !y h to be4 #ac4 ,! consum] pays = all ! adv]tis+4 #ad4 ,! co/ ( adv]tis+ is paid by ! competitors :o d n adv]tise4 #ae4 ,adv]tis+ t5ds to create uni=m prices4 #af4 ,! adv]tis+ exp]t is a /ud5t ( m54 ,ex]cise #bic ,give y\r op9ion z to ! effectiv5ess ( ! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts3 #a ,a dep>tm5t /ore t 0 anxi\s to increase its trade on ,mondays & ,w$nesdays includ$ ! foll[+ c\pons 9 its circul> adv]tisem5t "o week3 ,,?is ,,c\pon ,,& #ai;c ,,?is ,,c\pon ,,& #ej;c ,monday only ,w$nesday only good = good = #f ,spools ,j4 ,p4 ,coats' ,misses' or ,*ildr5's ,be/ #f ,cord ,ma*9e ,:ite ,canvas ,pumps ,?read #b /rap model1 heavy or light soles1 ,regul> #cj;c value trimm$ ) da9ty b[ on vamp4 ,all sizes up to #b4 #a4ej value #b #aj1jjj ,,9 ,,ca% ,,to ,,*>ity ,we ask our cu/om]s to decide by _! votes ! #bej in/itutions t %all receive ?is am\nt4 ,ea* t5 c5ts' wor? pur*as$ entitles ! pur*as] to "o vote4 #c ,! foll[+ appe>$ 9 ! c5t] ( a page o!rwise blank4 ,on ! opposite page appe>$ ! adv]tisem5t ( a well-kn[n article4 ,! ann\ncem5t on ! foll[+ page is s important t we h decid$ to leave ?is page blank4 #d ,! foll[+ 0 "p ( a circul>3 ,foll[+ our annual cu/om we w aga9 ?is ye> give away absolutely free a beautiful silk flag to e cu/om] mak+ a pur*ase ( #a or ov]1 ,tuesday & ,w$nesday1 ,july #b & #c4 #e ,! foll[+ appe>$ 9 a newspap]3 ,a ,,^w ,,( ,,appreciation ,we h n[ be5 9 our new location some:at ov] a mon?4 ,our bus9ess has be5 all t we expect$2 9 "s dep>tm5ts1 inde$1 !re is an increase1 notably 9 ! neckwe>1 ready-to-we> clo!s1 hats1 & tailor+ dep>tm5ts4 ,naturally1 we _h an abundance ( fai? 9 our new location2 nev]!less1 we mu/ confess t !re 7 times :5 we _h anxi\s mom5ts4 ,we discov]$1 h[ev]1 t our mov+ 0 at ! psy*ological mom5t2 we soon le>n$ t 9 ! m9ds ( ! p !re 0 b "o ?\ght--success = ,mi*igan ,av5ue4 ,we h always felt t !re 0 a clos] bond ( sympa?y betwe5 our cu/om]s & u ?an is usually ! case betwe5 buy] & sell]4 ,! unusual int]e/ tak5 9 our new /ore & 9 our success has m ?an confirm$ u 9 ?is impression4 ,our exp]i5ce dur+ ! la/ =ty days has really made life wor? liv+4 ,! m9ds ( hundr$s ( our cu/om]s h rev]t$ to ! beg9n+ ( our bus9ess 9 our old ,de>born ,/reet /ore1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 & !y h made comp>isons betwe5 t & ! wond]ful e/abli%m5t we n[ possess2 !y h done x 9 a way t w\ld almo/ sugge/ t x 0 _! bus9ess t !y 7 talk+ ( r ?an ours4 ,x made u feel t1 al?\gh we h made our mi/akes1 nev]!less we mu/ h s]v$ ! public well1 & we ins]t ?is article 9 ! hope t a few ( our well-wi%]s may read x & und]/& t we appreciate & are grateful4 ,ex]cise #bid ,books t w ,sugge/ ,topics = ,talks ,,balm]1 ,,edw91 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,adv]tis+4 ,,bellamy1 ,,francis 7ed71 ,effective ,magaz9e ,adv]tis+4 ,,bridgewat]1 ,,h[>d1 ,adv]tis+1 or ,! ,art ( ,mak+ ,kn[n4 ,,calk9s1 ,e4 ,e4 & ,,hold51 ,r41 ,mod]n ,adv]tis+4 ,,*]+ton1 ,,paul ,t41 ,adv]tis+ z a ,bus9ess ,=ce4 ,,del&1 ,l4 ,f41 ,imag9ation 9 ,bus9ess4 ,,de ,,weese1 ,,truman ,a41 ,adv]tis+ 7,! ,bus9ess ,man's ,libr>y1 ,vol4 vii74 ,,edg>1 ,,alb]t ,e41 ,h[ to ,adv]tise a ,retail ,/ore4 ,,f[l]1 ,n4 ,c41 ,build+ ,bus9ess4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,d41 ,! ,!ory ( ,adv]tis+4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,real ,,e/ate ,,& ,,insurance ,l&s1 build+s1 & h\ses are call$ real prop]ty or real e/ate1 & ! bus9ess p]ta9+ to !m1 ! real e/ate bus9ess4 ,e "o ( u has m or less to d ) ?is bus9ess4 ,if we d n own prop]ty1 we pay r5t4 ,r5t is ! money paid = ! use ( a piece ( l&1 or a build+1 or "p ( a build+1 & is usually paid at c]ta9 /at$ int]vals ( "t--mon?ly1 = example4 ,! own] ( ! build+ is call$ ! l&lord2 ! "o :o r5ts1 ! t5ant4 ,sometimes !re is no condition z to h[ long a t5ant %all rema9 9 "o place & pay r5t1 b1 z a rule1 ! l&lord requires ! t5ant to sign a lease4 ,?is is a contract betwe5 ! l&lord & ! t5ant1 /at+ t 9 consid]ation ( ! l&lord's furni%+ ! t5ant a place 9 :i* to live ) c]ta9 conv5i5ces--su* z heat1 hot wat]1 & o!r s]vices--! t5ant agrees to pay r5t = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t1 usually a ye> or m4 ,if ! t5ant moves out be=e 8 lease expires & refuses to pay ! r5t1 he breaks ! contract &1 z is usually ! case :5 a contract is brok51 a lawsuit may foll[4 ,9 l>ge cities :]e l& is 9 "s places v valuable1 own]s may n c>e to sell ! prop]ty on :i* o!rs wi% to build1 b lease x to ! build]s = a c]ta9 t]m ( ye>s1 usually n9ety-n9e ye>s4 ,suppose y no long] wi% to pay r5t1 b to own ! h\se 9 :i* y live4 ,if y buy a piece ( prop]ty f ,john ,smi? & pay him y\r money = x1 y wi% to be assur$ t aft] a few mon?s ,john ,smi? w n come to y & claim ! prop]ty z 84 ,to protect y ,john ,smi? gives y a de$ to ! prop]ty4 ,a de$ is a contract betwe5 ! buy] & ! sell] ( ! prop]ty4 ,x /ates t1 9 consid]ation ( ! buy]'s pay+ a c]ta9 /ipulat$ sum ( money1 ! sell] releases & conveys ! prop]ty to ! buy]4 ,?is de$ %[s t y n[ own ! prop]ty4 ,at ! same "t y %\ld receive a cle> title to ! prop]ty2 t is1 y wi% to be sure t no "o else has a claim on ! prop]ty4 ,if ,john ,smi? gu>antees t ! title is cle>1 he gives y a w>ranty de$ = ! prop]ty1 9 :i* he w w>rant & def5d ! same aga9/ all lawful claims :atsoev]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he simply turns ov] ! prop]ty to y z x /&s1 he gives y a quitclaim de$1 9 :i* he rel9qui%es or quits all 8 int]e/ 9 x4 ,if y h no debts on ! prop]ty1 y own x 9 fee simple4 ,v (t5 9 buy+ prop]ty1 ! pur*as] pays only a "p ( ! pur*ase price himself1 pay+ = ! balance by borr[+ ! necess>y am\nt f a ?ird p>ty4 ,= example1 if ! h\se y b\ght f ,john ,smi? co/ #f1jjj & y _h only #d1jjj1 y w\ld be =c$ to borr[ ! o!r #b1jjj to pay ,john ,smi?4 ,y w\ld !n g to y\r bank or to "s p]son :o _h money to inve/ & w\ld borr[ ! requir$ am\nt1 & to gu>antee t y w\ld pay ! money back1 y w\ld give a mortgage on ! prop]ty4 ,a mortgage is a contract :i* /ates t1 9 consid]ation ( "o p>ty's giv+ ! second p>ty a c]ta9 sum ( money1 ! second p>ty agrees to pay int]e/ on t money at a /ipulat$ rate1 & at ! end ( a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t agrees to pay ! money back2 & t1 9 case ! second p>ty does n pay back ! am\nt at ! end ( ! "t1 ! fir/ p>ty is emp[]$ to take possession ( ! prop]ty1 to sell x1 & to get ! am\nt due him4 ,?is la/ proc$ure is call$ =eclos+ ! mortgage4 ,x is a common practice to mortgage prop]ty2 almo/ all ! prop]ty 9 a city is mortgag$4 ,"s m5 & firms make a special bus9ess ( transf]r+ prop]ty1 buy+ & sell+ x = o!rs1 mak+ leases1 & collect+ r5ts4 ,!y are call$ real e/ate ag5ts1 & = _! s]vices get a commission1 :i* is a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! pur*ase or ! sell+ price & a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! am\nt ( r5t collect$4 ,?is p]c5tage v>ies accord+ to :e!r ! am\nt ( money involv$ is l>ge or small1 ! p]c5tage be+ l>g] :5 small sums ( money are involv$ ?an :5 l>ge sums are involv$4 ,ex]cise #bie ,oral #a4 ,:at is a lease8 #b4 ,expla9 :y own]s ( valuable prop]ty lease x4 #c4 ,:at is a de$8 ,expla9 ! two k9ds4 #d4 ,:at is meant by a cle> title8 #e4 ,:at is meant by fee simple8 #f4 ,:y is x important to be c>eful ab\t ! title8 #g4 ,:at is a mortgage8 #h4 ,expla9 :y prop]ty is (t5 mortgag$4 ,does ! mortgage b5efit ! own]8 ,expla94 #i4 ,:at is meant by =eclos+8 #aj4 ,:at is an ag5t8 ,h[ is he usually paid8 #aa4 ,:y d p employ real e/ate ag5ts to take c>e ( r5t+8 ,to sell _! prop]ty8 #ab4 ,:y is prop]ty ne> a railroad valuable8 ,= :at8 #ac4 ,:y is a corn] lot wor? m ?an an inside lot8 #ad4 ,:y is prop]ty on a c> l9e m valuable ?an on a side /reet8 #ae4 ,:at effect w\ld ! build+ ( a new /reet c> l9e h on ! value ( adjac5t prop]ty8 ,:y8 ,ex]cise #bif ,oral #a4 ,suppose t y are a l&lord & t 9 y\r lease no m5tion is made ( giv+ y\r t5ants janitor s]vice1 b y y\rself take c>e ( ! furnace4 ,o!r l&lords 9 ! block supply janitor s]vice4 ,aft] "o ( y\r t5ants has mov$ 91 he dem&s t ! back por* be scrubb$ once a week & ! g>bage empti$ daily4 ,:at w\ld y d8 ,consid] ! po9ts = & aga9/4 #b4 ,suppose "s boys play+ ball on ! /reet break a plate glass w9d[ 9 ! /ore y own4 ,w\ld y expect y\r t5ant to pay = repairs8 ,writt5 #c4 ,write to ,francis ,l4 ,russell1 a real e/ate ag5t1 ask+ 8 t]ms = collect+ ! r5t ( ---- 7tell ! location ( ! h\se1 ! numb] ( ! t5ants1 & ! r5t y receive74 #d4 ,z if y 7 ,francis ,l4 ,russell write a reply1 say+ t y w und]take ! collection = a commission ( #e4 #e4 ,imag9e y are a t5ant 9 ! same build+4 ,! kit*5 s9k _c be us$ 9 y\r flat because ( a /oppage 9 ! plumb+4 ,y h told ! ag5t once4 ,write him 7see #c7 aga91 /at+ t unless he s5ds a plumb] y w n pay y\r next mon?'s r5t4 7,is !re any reason = writ+ ?is1 r ?an telephon+ x87 #f4 ,! plumb] has submitt$ a bill ( #e4ih = ! repairs sugge/$ 9 7#e74 ,! ag5t writes to ! l&lord1 enclos+ a *eck = ! r5t t he has collect$1 less ! am\nt ( ! plumb]'s bill & 8 commission4 #g4 ,y are a lawy]4 ,write to ! l&lord1 in=m+ him t ! mortgage :i* y\r cli5t holds aga9/ ! l&lord's prop]ty expires 9 ?irty days4 ,ask ! l&lord :e!r he expects to pay ! money or :e!r he wi%es a r5ewal ( ! loan = ?ree ye>s4 ,y\r cli5t is will+ to give su* a r5ewal4 #h4 ,! l&lord replies t he is enclos+ #ajj to pay ! int]e/ due on ! mortgage & t he desires a r5ewal ( ! loan4 ,if ! lawy] w prep>e ! pap]s1 he w come to sign !m at ! specifi$ "t4 ,write ! lett]4 #i4 ,y are an insurance ag5t4 ,write to ! l&lord t ! fire insurance on 8 prop]ty expires 9 sixty days4 ,ask him to all[ y to write a new policy4 ,in=m him t ! rate n[ w be #c-c_/d in/ead ( if #a-c_/d z x 0 =m]ly1 because a g>age has be5 erect$ "o door nor? ( 8 prop]ty4 7,:y %\ld ! rate be high]87 #aj4 ,"o ( ! t5ants has paid no r5t = two mon?s4 ,y decide t he nev] w be able to pay4 ,z l&lord y make out & deliv] to him a ,five days' notice ( removal4 ,at ! same "t1 y write a lett] to y\r lawy]1 expla9+ ! /ate ( affairs & ask+ him to take *>ge ( en=c+ ! notice4 7,?is means t if ! t5ant does n move1 ! case mu/ come up 9 c\rt4 ,if x is decid$ 9 ! l&lord's favor1 ! t5ant mu/ move4 ,if he refuses1 ! lawy] engages a con/able to eject him47 ,write ! lett]4 #aa4 ,francis ,l4 ,russell writes ?ree %ort adv]tisem5ts1 (f]+ = sale 7#a7 a l>ge #ab room resid5ce1 mortgage #f1jjj1 price #ae1jjj2 7#b7 a #c ap>tm5t build+1 cle>1 price #af1jjj2 7#c7 a l>ge #ab ap>tm5t build+1 mortgage #be1jjj1 price #da1jjj1 t]ms to suit4 ,:]e w\ld y adv]tise8 ,write ! adv]tisem5ts4 #ab4 ,y get inquiries ab\t all ( ! above4 ,write answ]s describ+ ! build+s m fully1 & make appo9tm5ts ) ! writ]s to inspect ! prop]ty4 #ac4 ,a man is int]e/$ 9 ! #ab flat build+1 b he has only #aj1jjj4 ,(f] him ! prop]ty = #dj1jjj on ^! t]ms3 #aj1jjj d[n1 a fir/ mortgage = #bj1jjj to run #aj ye>s at #e1 & a second mortgage = #aj1jjj to run #e ye>s at #e1 #b1jjj to be paid ea* ye> ) int]e/4 ,make x z attractive z possible4 ,tell him y w arrange = ! mortgages4 #ad4 7a7 ,write to y\r bank1 ! ,fir/ ,national1 & expla9 t1 al?\gh ! fir/ mortgage on ! #ab flat build+ = #be1jjj /ill has #c ye>s to run1 y w\ld l to arrange = a #aj ye> mortgage = #bj1jjj1 if y\r prospective buy] takes ! prop]ty4 7b7 ,write to ,george ,r4 ,scott1 :o owns ! build+1 (f]+ him ! second mortgage4 ,expla9 t al?\gh x is a second mortgage ! fact t #b1jjj ( ! pr9cipal is paid ea* ye> makes x attractive4 7,h[ w\ld ! own] b5efit if ! buy] fail$ to make 8 paym5ts aft] #b ye>s87 ,sign y\rself ,francis ,l4 ,russell4 #ae4 ,y h put ?r\gh ! deal4 ,write to ! new own]1 (f]+ to take c>e ( ! r5t+ = a commission equal to #b ( ! am\nt collect$4 ,ex]cise #big--;,f>m ,l&s #a4 ,y own a l>ge tract ( l& 9 ! ,s\?1 ,we/1 or ,s\?we/4 ,*oose y\r own locality4 ,prep>e a pamphlet sett+ =? ! advantages ( ?is p>ticul> spot 9 a s]ies ( p>agraphs3 7#a7 sc5]y1 7#b7 climate & heal?fulness1 7#c7 crops1 7#d7 pr(its f ! crops1 7#e7 price ( labor1 7#f7 *ances = pleasure1 e4g41 hunt+1 fi%+1 etc41 7#g7 transportation facilities1 7#h7 price ( ! l&4 ,use a firm "n & address4 #b4 ,arrange & punctuate3 ,nov4 #a1 #ai-- ,= ! introduction supply ! same firm "n us$ 9 7#a74 ,g5tlem5 ,i h j return$ f an ext5d$ trip ?r\gh 7! di/rict spok5 ( above7 ) ref]5ce to ! =ty acres ,i pur*as$ f y ,i desire to say t ,i am conv9c$ t x w prove a pay+ inve/m5t ,i am s pleas$ t ,i %all c]ta9ly try to induce sev]al ( my fri5ds to pur*ase ne> my site :ile on ! prop]ty ,i c>efully inspect$ ! f>m work$ by ,mr ,s ,r ,jackson ,i mu/ say :at he is accompli%+ ! imm5se crop ( vegetables & fruit he is m>ket+ amaz$ me no d\bt :at he is do+ ,i may d = ,i made sure by c>eful exam9ation t ! soil on my l& is exactly l 8 y may dep5d ^u x t )9 ! next two mon?s ,i %all move my family ^u ! l& = ,i am eag] to develop x s9c]ely y\rs ,f ,w ,f>rell ,:at advantage w\ld !re be 9 includ+ su* a lett] z 7#b7 9 ! booklet spok5 ( 9 7#a78 #c4 ,to prove ! possibilities ( ! l& spok5 ( 9 7#a71 y int5d to />t a model f>m4 ,adv]tise = a f>m]4 ,y\r plan is to give him #fj acres to develop = himself1 9 return = :i* he %all demon/rate ! possibilities ( ! l&4 #d4 ,write a lett] apply+ = ! position4 ,y mu/ h f>m+ exp]i5ce1 "s money1 a k ( crops1 & a good deal ( en?usiasm4 #e4 ,write an adv]tisem5t ( y\r l& = a big newspap]4 ,exploit its mo/ /rik+ features1 especially ! price4 ,/udy su* adv]tisem5ts be=e y write y\rs4 #f4 ,reproduce a lett] y receiv$ 9 answ] to 7#e71 ask+ = m in=mation conc]n+ ! l&s4 #g4 ,write ! reply to 7#f74 ,say y are enclos+ ! booklet spok5 ( 9 7#a72 tell ( ! model f>m be+ e/abli%$ 7#c72 & induce ! inquir] to become a pur*as]4 #h4 ,prep>e a s]ies ( ?ree foll[-up lett]s to be s5t out to prospective pur*as]s :o write z 9 7#f7 b :o d n answ] y\r lett] 9 7#g74 ,make ea* lett] set =? "o ( ! foll[+ advantages ( buy+ a piece ( y\r l&3 7#a7 ,! pr(its f ! crops are l>ge2 7#b7 ,! conditions are ideal--m5tion climate1 wat]1 neighbors1 transportation2 7#c7 ,x is a good inve/m5t1 s9ce ! l& w c]ta9ly rise 9 value--tell ( o!r l& 9 ! neighborhood t has ris5 9 value )9 ! la/ ye>4 ,arrange ! lett]s 9 ! ord] t y ?9k w be mo/ effective4 ,ex]cise #bih ,topics = ,inve/igation & ,discussion #a4 ,! cause ( *anges 9 city real e/ate values4 #b4 ,! price ( d[nt[n prop]ty 9 y\r t[n4 #c4 ,! rise 9 prop]ty values 9 ! la/ few ye>s4 #d4 ,! causes ( ! rise4 #e4 ,/ove heat$ or /eam heat$ prop]ty--:i* is ! bett] income produc]8 #f4 ,! ,mortgage4--7a7 ,:y p mortgage _! prop]ty2 7b7 ,:y p loan money on mortgages4 #g4 ,! increase 9 ! total value ( f>m l&s dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 #h4 ,! decrease 9 ! value ( f>m l&s 9 ! ,ea/4 #i4 ,! reasons = ! gr[? ( ! ,we/4 #aj4 ,w ! ,s\? be a new ,we/8 #aa4 ,! reclamation ( swamp l&s4 #ab4 ,! success ( irrigation4 ,ex]cise #bii--;,insurance ,an exposition ( ! subject ( insurance is h>dly 9 place "h1 especially z e "o1 to a c]ta9 ext5t at lea/1 is acqua9t$ ) ! fundam5tal reasons :y insurance is pur*as$4 ,! que/ions bel[ %\ld be us$ z a rudim5t>y review t w prep>e = ! lett]s t foll[4 ,oral #a4 ,:at is ! object ( insurance8 #b4 ,:at is meant by a policy8 #c4 ,by ! premium8 #d4 ,by ! b5efici>y8 #e4 ,by life insurance8 #f4 ,by fire insurance8 #g4 ,by accid5t insurance8 #h4 ,by m>9e insurance8 #i4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a /raight life & a #bj ye> end[m5t policy8 #aj4 ,betwe5 ! above & a #bj ye> pay policy8 #aa4 ,betwe5 ! above & a t]m policy8 #ab4 ,:y is x t ! mortgagee1 & n ! own]1 holds ! fire insurance policy8 ,:y mu/ ! am\nt ( insurance equal or exce$ ! am\nt ( ! mortgage8 ,writt5 #a4 ,y are an insurance ag5t4 ,a man came to y\r (fice to-day to inquire ab\t a life insurance policy4 ,write him a lett]1 repeat+ :at y told him1 advocat+ 8 tak+ out a /raight life policy4 #b4 ,a new build+ has j be5 erect$ 9 y\r neighborhood4 ,write to ! own]1 solicit+ him to let y write ! fire insurance policy4 #c4 ,write to a man :o rides d[nt[n on ! tra9 e day4 ,conv9ce him t he ne$s to take out an accid5t insurance policy4 ,po9t out t ! premium is only #be a ye>4 ,if ! man is injur$ he w receive #be weekly2 if he is kill$ by accid5t1 8 b5efici>y w receive #e1jjj2 if he is kill$ on a tra9 or 9 an elevator1 #aj1jjj4 #d4 ,write to "o ( y\r cli5ts1 in=m+ him t ! premium on 8 life insurance policy falls due 9 t5 days4 #e4 ,write to ano!r ( y\r cli5ts1 in=m+ him t ! insurance on 8 prop]ty runs out 9 t5 days4 ,in=m him t1 if he wi%es ! policy r5ew$1 he %\ld let y "k at once & remit ! premium4 #f4 ,f ! cli5t m5tion$ 9 7#e7 y receive a lett] 9 :i* he expla9s t ! pa9t /ore :i* =m]ly adjo9$ 8 prop]ty has be5 replac$ by a groc]y4 ,he w\ld l a new policy at a l[] rate4 ,reproduce ! lett]4 ,a pa9t /ore is insur$ at ! highe/1 or haz>d1 rate4 ,! rate on prop]ty adjo9+ a pa9t /ore w\ld also be v high4 #g4 ,y inve/igate ! matt] & f9d t ! facts are z /at$ 9 7#f74 ,write y\r cli5t1 (f]+ him a rate ( #a & enclos+ a bill = #de4 #h4 ,he replies t1 s9ce ! risk ( fire is n[ s mu* less1 he wi%es to take only #b1jjj wor? ( insurance4 ,he asks y to write su* a policy1 & he encloses 8 *eck = #cj4 ,write ! lett]4 #i4 ,a man writes to y1 say+ t he wi%es to take out an end[m5t policy = 8 fifte5 ye> old daught]1 :o has already be5 exam9$4 ,he wi%es to give ! insurance to h] z a bir?day pres5t4 ,he encloses a *eck = ! premium & asks y to s5d ! contract to h] on h] bir?day 7,"n ! date74 ,write ! fa!r's lett]4 #aj4 ,write a lett] to accompany ! bir?day pres5t4 ,rememb] y d n "k ! daught]4 ,ex]cise #cjj ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,,mu/ ,,re=m ,,our ,,f>m+ ,! av]age yield ( :eat 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! five ye>s end+ 9 #aiaj 0 eight-t5?s ( a bu%el p] acre m ?an 9 ! five ye>s end+ 9 #aije1 b x 0 less ?an f\r-t5?s ( a bu%el m ?an = ! t5 end+ 9 #aijj4 ,! av]age corn product = ! t5 ye>s end+ 9 #aiaj 0 a little less ?an = ! t5 ye>s end+ 9 #ahge4 ,?irty-five ye>s _h n advanc$ u a /ep4 ,european c\ntries--,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,g]many--) inf]ior soils & less favorable climate produce crops practically d\ble our own4 ,9 our /udies ( cons]vation we f9d no wa/e comp>able1 ei!r 9 magnitude or importance1 to ?is4 ,! f>m w fail1 & ! f\ndations ( our prosp]ity be und]m9$1 unless agriculture is re=m$4 ,! p]c5tage ( our p actively engag$ 9 f>m+ _h fall5 f #dg4cf 9 #ahgj to an e/imat$ #cb 9 #aiaj4 ,e man on ! f>m to-day mu/ produce food = two m\?s aga9/ "o =ty ye>s ago4 --,j4 ,j4 ,hill4 #b ,,! ,,f>m+ ,,specials ,"o ( ! late/ & mo/ successful activities ( ! railroads is ! practice ( c>ry+ k ( ! be/ f>m+ me?ods to ! f>m]s by means ( special tra9s equipp$ l agricultural colleges4 ,^! tra9s1 be>+ exp]ts & all ! equipm5t = exhibit+ ! new me?ods ( agriculture1 br+ ! k to ! f>m]s free1 & ! railroads are glad to give x1 = e bit ( k comes back to !m 9 a hundr$ fold pr(it 9 freight4 ,9 ! summ] eag] audi5ces all ov] ! c\ntry li/5 to ! prea*+ ( bett] me?ods & l>g] crops4 ,doz5s ( special tra9s travel ?r\gh ! agricultural regions dissem9at+ in=mation4 ,! ,breakfa/ ,bacon ,special has be5 run to enc\rage ,i[a f>m]s to raise m hogs to take advantage ( ! high price ( bacon4 ,! ,cotton ,belt ,r\te s\?we/ ( ,/4 ,l\is runs ! ,squeal] ,special to prove to ! ,arkansas & ,panh&le f>m]s ! money-mak+ advantages ( blood$ hogs ov] ! razor-back v>iety4 ,d[n ! ,mississippi ,valley ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral s5ds ! ,boll ,weevil ,special to conduct a campaign aga9/ t pe/4 ,! ,h>riman l9es h six tra9s op]at+ 9 ,cali=nia e ye>4 ,9 "o ye> !y visit$ m ?an sev5ty-five ?\s& p4 ,bett] f>m+ specials run 9 practically e /ate s\? ( ! ,ohio & ,potomac & we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral also has two tra9s 9 op]ation 9 ,new ,york4--,! ,bus9ess ,almanac4 #c ,a l>ge proportion ( f>m]s give little or no att5tion to ! selection ( se$2 yet x has be5 demon/rat$ t a c>eful selection w\ld add hundr$s ( millions ( doll>s to ! total value ( ! crops4 ,if1 = example1 a v>iety ( :eat 7 develop$ capable ( produc+ "o m k]nel to ! head1 x w\ld mean an addition1 s ,burbank says1 ( #ae1jjj1jjj bu%els to our av]age :eat crop4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 to d ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,at ! ,m9nesota /ation a v>iety1 select$ = t5 ye>s accord+ to a def9ite pr9ciple1 yield$ tw5ty-five p] c5t m ?an ! p>5t v>iety4 ,appli$ to our av]age crop1 t increase w\ld am\nt to #ahe1jjj1jjj bu%els1 wor? ab\t #adj1jjj1jjj4 ,z = corn1 x has be5 (ficially /at$ t our av]age yield c\ld easily be d\bl$4 ,aft] exhau/ive exp]im5ts ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture says t by m]ely te/+ individual e>s ( se$ corn & reject+ ^? ( l[ vitality an av]age yield ( ne>ly f\rte5 p] c5t c\ld be secur$1 add+ ab\t #bjj1jjj1jjj to ! value ( ! crop4 ,does sci5tific se$ selection seem wor? :ile8--,! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,bank+ ,,imag9e t y are a druggi/ 9 a small t[n4 ,suppose t a woman comes 9 to buy two ounces ( camphor & 9 ex*ange gives y ?ree eggs4 ,9 a few mom5ts1 p]haps1 a man ent]s to buy a safety razor & br+s ) him :eat en\gh to pay ! bill4 ,ano!r1 aga91 wi%es to trade a turkey = a f\nta9 p54 ,y c readily see ! inconv5i5ce to :i* y w\ld be put 9 su* ex*ange ( actual commodities2 yet ?is 0 ! me?od us$ 9 primitive times1 a me?od call$ b>t]4 ,to ov]come ! inconv5i5ce ( b>t]1 z civilization advanc$1 x became necess>y to e/abli% a common m$ium ( ex*ange1 :i* c\ld be accept$ = any?+ "o _h to sell & ) :i* "o c\ld buy any?+ he wi%$4 ,?is is :at we call money4 ,to meet ! requirem5ts1 money mu/ n be bulky1 mu/ be durable1 & mu/ n readily *ange 9 value4 ,9 civiliz$ c\ntries gold & silv] are ! bases ( ex*ange4 ,b gold & silv] are heavy & inconv5i5t to c>ry ab\t 9 l>ge1 or = t matt] 9 small1 quantities1 & = conv5i5ce ! foll[+ k9ds ( pap] money h be5 e/abli%$3 #a4 ,gold ,c]tificates are issu$ ) ! gov]nm5t's gu>antee t !re is gold deposit$ 9 ! ,treasury equal to ! am\nt ( ! face ( ! bill4 ,at any "t ! "o hold+ su* a bill may dem& ( ! ,treasury t he receive gold = x4 #b4 ,silv] ,c]tificates are simil> to gold c]tificates1 except t silv] is deposit$ 9 ! ,treasury in/ead ( gold4 #c4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury ,notes are promissory notes ( ! gov]nm5t to pay ! sum indicat$4 ,!y are n payable on dem&4 #d4 ,national ,bank ,notes are promissory notes issu$ by ! national banks & are payable on dem& ( ! be>]4 ,be=e a national bank may issue su* notes1 x mu/ own ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t bonds ( at lea/ ! am\nt = :i* x issues notes4 ,^! bonds are held by ! ,treasur] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z security t ! bank w pay its notes4 ,accord+ to ! ,ow5 ,glass ,bill1 pass$ 9 ,decemb] ( #aiac1 national bank notes may at ! option ( ! banks be gradually )drawn f circulation4 ,cr$it ,cr$it is a promise to pay at "s future "t = a ?+ :i* y receive n[4 ,its use is probably z old z ! practice ( ex*ange & q z important4 ,! simple/ & mo/ ext5sive =m ( cr$it is book cr$it1 su* z y get at ! groc]'s or but*]'s or at ! dep>tm5t /ore4 ,to expla9 a little m complex k9d ( cr$it3 ,suppose y owe ,smi? "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,at ! same "t ,smi? owes ,jones "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,because y owe ,smi?1 he may give ,jones an ord] to collect ! money f y4 ,) ?is ord] ,jones may pay 8 lawy]1 let u say4 ,p]haps ! lawy] has b\ght a bill ( goods f y4 ,he pays y ) ! same ord]4 ,y de/roy ! note1 & ?us f\r actual transactions h be5 tak5 c>e ( )\t ! use ( any money4 ,! bus9ess in/itution :i* deals especially ) cr$its is ! bank4 ,banks ,a bank :i* fulfills e bank+ function mu/ h ^! ?ree dep>tm5ts3 7#a7 ! comm]cial dep>tm5t1 7#b7 ! sav+s dep>tm5t1 7#c7 ! tru/ dep>tm5t4 ,"s in/itutions specialize 9 "o dep>tm5t m ?an 9 ei!r ( ! o!rs1 & ?us1 tak+ ! "n f _! pr9cipal function1 banks are kn[n z foll[s3 7i7 comm]cial banks or banks ( deposit1 7#b7 sav+s banks1 7#c7 tru/ companies4 ,banks ( ,deposit ,illu/ration ,banks ( deposit or comm]cial banks are bus9ess m5's banks4 ,_! two pr9cipal functions are 7#a7 receiv+ money = safe-keep+ on deposit1 & 7#b7 loan+ money to bus9ess m5 at int]e/4 ,! deposit function is bas$ on confid5ce & cr$it4 ,! bus9ess man takes 8 money to ! bank n only because x is conv5i5t = him to d s1 b also because he has confid5ce t ! money w be m c>efully protect$ ?an if he kept x 9 8 own possession4 ,9 deposit+ 8 money 9 ! bank1 ! bus9ess man uses a deposit slip su* z ! "o illu/rat$ "h4 ,! tell] puts d[n ! am\nt 9 ! bank book ( ! depositor1 :o is cr$it$ ) t am\nt on ! bank's books4 ,he is entitl$ to draw j t mu* actual ca% or t mu* cr$it 9 ! =m ( *ecks4 7,see page #cci47 ,mo/ firms d n deposit a sum ( money & !n promptly draw x out aga9 9 ! =m ( *ecks to pay curr5t liabilities1 b ma9ta9 a fairly /eady balance 9 ! bank4 ,on l>ge av]age mon?ly balances mo/ banks all[ int]e/1 v>y+ f "o p] c5t on balances ( "o ?\s& doll>s to ?ree p] c5t on balances ( t5 ?\s& doll>s or m4 ,disc\nt ,because a l>ge bank has _m depositors1 ! aggregate ( all ! balances makes a consid]able sum ( money4 ,bank]s h le>n$ by exp]i5ce j :at proportion ( _! deposits !y c dep5d on to rema9 /eadily on deposit z a balance1 & ?us !y "k :at proportion ( _! deposits x is safe to use = ! purpose ( disc\nt4 ,! simple/ case ( ! disc\nt function is ! disc\nt ( a promissory note4 ,9 ! note %[n 9 ! illu/ration aft] n9ety days ,john ,h4 ,blodgett w receive f ,lucius ,?omas five hundr$ doll>s ) int]e/4 ,b p]haps ,blodgett _c wait n9ety days = 8 money4 ,9 ?is case1 he takes ! note to 8 bank]1 :o w pay him ! five hundr$ doll>s less a c]ta9 p]c5tage or disc\nt1 :i* is ! bank's pr(it on ! transaction4 ,! bank !n collects ! note :5 x becomes due4 ,illu/ration3 ,,promissory ,,note ,collat]al ,in/ead ( ca%+ a note held by "o ( its cu/om]s1 ! bank may itself loan money at int]e/ = a %ort p]iod ( ?irty1 sixty1 or n9ety days1 tak+ ! note ( ! bus9ess man to :om ! money is loan$4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 unless ! bank kn[s ! bus9ess man well1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( collat]al is dem&$ z an assurance t ! borr[] w pay ! loan :5 x becomes due4 ,! am\nt ( collat]al deposit$ ) ! bank is usually #aj to #be 9 excess ( ! am\nt loan$1 & x may take ! =m ( /ocks or bonds2 mortgages on real e/ate2 li5s on /ock1 fixtures1 or p]sonal prop]ty2 or w>eh\se receipts4 ,:5 ! am\nt borr[$ is paid1 ! collat]al is return$2 if x is n paid )9 a reasonable "t1 ! collat]al is sold1 & ! am\nt loan$1 ) int]e/ to date1 is tak5 f ! proce$s4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 o!r functions ( banks ( deposit practis$ q g5]ally by all banks1 & ^! w be expla9$ lat]4 ,! functions j describ$1 h[ev]1 di/+ui% banks ( deposit 9 a g5]al way f ! o!r two classes4 ,sav+s ,banks ,a sav+s bank accepts f its depositors small am\nts ( money :i* are n subject to )drawal by *eck1 b on :i* x pays a l[ rate ( int]e/4 ,z a g5]al rule1 an acc\nt may be op5$ ) "o doll>2 & :5 ! initial deposit is made1 ! depositor is furni%$ ) a pass book1 simil> to ! bank book1 9 :i* fur!r deposits1 int]e/ cr$its1 & )drawals are record$4 ,int]e/ is comp\nd$ e f\r or six mon?s1 & money mu/1 z a g5]al rule1 rema9 on deposit until an int]e/ paym5t date be=e ! depositor receives any int]e/ on x4 ,! usual rate ( int]e/ is ?ree p] c5t1 al?\gh f\r is (t5 paid4 ,frequ5tly1 be=e banks all[ deposits to be )drawn1 !y dem& a c]ta9 numb] ( days' notice1 usually ?irty4 ,x is well to inve/igate ! conditions "u :i* ! depositor places 8 money 9 ! safe-keep+ ( ! bank1 because ! )drawal requirem5ts are (t5 /r+5t4 ,because ( ! /ability ( ?is class ( deposit1 banks are always anxi\s to increase _! sav+s acc\nts1 z a l>ge proportion ( ! funds may be us$ = loans4 ,a =m ( ! sav+s bank e/abli%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiaa is ! po/al sav+s bank1 9 :i* ! po/-(fice is made ! depository = sav+s4 ,! po/-(fice 9 ! t[n deposits its funds 9 ! local national or /ate bank1 :i*1 z security = safe-keep+1 mu/ deposit ) ! ,treasur] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates bonds at lea/ equal 9 value to ! am\nt ( sav+s deposit$ 9 ! bank4 ,po/al sav+s banks are practically absolutely safe1 because1 if ! bank :i* takes c>e ( ! funds %\ld fail1 ! bonds may be sold1 s t ! sav]s w receive _! money4 ,f deposits made 9 ! po/al sav+s bank1 ! return to ! depositor is only two p] c5t1 :]eas ! return f deposits made 9 ! bank's own sav+s dep>tm5t is ?ree1 ?ree & a half1 & sometimes f\r p] c5t4 ,tru/ ,companies ,! ,ri*>ds' ,baby ,/ock+ ,fund ,a m9] nam$ ,ri*>ds 0 kill$ 9 an accid5t 9 an ,alaska m9e4 ,among 8 possessions 7 f\nd a numb] ( lett]s & a baby /ock+ conta9+ a little gold du/4 ,! lett]s told t ,ri*>ds _h a little six-ye>-old daught]1 :o 0 n[ left de/itute4 ,! r\gh m9]s made up a fund ( #b1ejj 9 gold du/1 deposit+ x ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,alaska1 to be held by him until ! prop] disposition ( x c\ld be made4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$1 :o agre$ t "o hundr$ doll>s a ye> = t5 ye>s %\ld be us$ to give ! *ild a common s*ool education1 & !n five hundr$ doll>s ea* ye> to give h] a college education4 ,a legal gu>dian 0 appo9t$1 & ! ,kansas ,city ,tru/ ,company ask$ to act z co-gu>dian to inve/ ! money & make ! requir$ remittances4 ,! funds 7 fir/ deposit$ by ! commission] 9 a bank 9 ,portl&1 :i* s5t !m to ! ,kansas ,city ,tru/ ,company4 ,correspond5ce 0 ( c\rse c>ri$ on at ! same "t1 ! ,kansas ,city ,tru/ ,company agree+ to accept ! tru/ )\t remun]ation4 ,!y h inve/$ ! money 9 five p] c5t bonds1 ?us increas+ ! fund ye>ly4 ,?is is call$ a tru/ because ! money is entru/$ = safe-keep+ & inve/m5t to ! bank1 :i* is call$ ! tru/ee4 ,a bank may also become ! tru/ee = prop]ty left at ! dea? ( a p]son1 bo? :5 !re is a w & :5 !re is none4 ,:5 !re is no w & ! bank takes *>ge ( ! affairs ( ! deceas$1 ! bank is call$ ! adm9i/rator2 :5 !re is a w1 ! executor4 ,ano!r important function ( ! tru/ company is act+ z receiv] = a company :i* has fail$2 t is1 adju/+ ! company's affairs 9 ! way faire/ bo? to ! /ockhold]s & to ! company's cr$itors4 ,! tru/ company (t5 acts1 also1 z ag5t = its cli5ts' prop]ty1 p]=m+ ! same duties z a real e/ate ag5t4 ,=m ( ,remittance ,banks z a class are di/+ui%$ "o f ! o!r accord+ z !y specialize 9 "o or m ( ! functions describ$ above4 ,h[ev]1 !re are c]ta9 s]vices t all banks p]=m & c]ta9 facilities t !y all (f] 9 connection ) ! paym5t ( money f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,^! conc]n ! =ms ( remittance4 ,if y h /udi$ bus9ess ari?metic or bookkeep+1 y v likely "k ! def9ite =ms t are us$4 ,at all ev5ts1 y "k t curr5cy %\ld nev] g ?r\gh ! mails4 ,! foll[+ is a brief review ( ! m important =ms t may be us$4 ,/udy ! illu/rations c>efully1 notic+ p>ticul>ly ! simil>ity ( =m 9 all4 ,uni=mity 9 su* matt]s is desirable because x saves "t z well z misund]/&+s4 ,! =ms we %all consid] are3 #a4 ,! *eck a4 ,p]sonal b4 ,c]tifi$ #b4 ,! money ord] a4 ,express b4 ,po/al #c4 ,! bank draft #d4 ,! "t draft #e4 ,! sight draft ,*eck4--,a *eck is a writt5 ord] on a bank1 sign$ by a depositor1 direct+ ! bank to pay a c]ta9 p]son a c]ta9 sum ( money4 ,:5 ! bank pays ! ord]1 x d$ucts ! am\nt f ! depositor's acc\nt4 ,! "o :o signs ! *eck is call$ ! draw] or mak]2 ! p]son to :om or to ^: ord] a *eck is made payable is call$ ! payee2 ! bank on :i* a *eck is drawn is call$ ! drawee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*eck ,,& ,,/ub ,( c\rse1 be=e y c\ld write a *eck = "o hundr$ doll>s1 y mu/ h deposit$ at lea/ "o hundr$ doll>s 9 ! bank on :i* ! *eck is drawn4 ,! bank supplies y ) a *eck book1 consi/+ ( blank *ecks1 ea* atta*$ to a /ub4 ,:5 y write a *eck1 y put ! same in=mation on ! /ub to be kept = ref]5ce4 ,!n y te> (f ! *eck ?r\gh ! p]=at$ l9e1 us+ x to pay = :atev] y may h pur*as$4 ,c]tifi$ ,*eck4--,suppose1 h[ev]1 t y are writ+ ?is *eck to pay a debt to a /rang] :o lives 9 ano!r city4 ,he may hesitate to accept x z money4 ,t he may h no cause to d\bt y\r ability to pay ! *eck1 y take x to y\r bank to h ! ca%i] inve/igate y\r acc\nt4 ,if he f9ds t y h suffici5t funds1 he writes or /amps ,accept$ or ,c]tifi$ on ! *eck & signs 8 "n4 ,at ! same "t ! am\nt ( ! *eck is d$uct$ f y\r acc\nt4 ,su* a *eck is accept$ )\t "q :5 ! hold] is prop]ly id5tifi$4 ,endorsem5t4--,if ,a gives y 8 *eck = tw5ty-five doll>s1 y c\ld n receive ! money until y _h endors$ ! *eck2 t is1 put y\r "n on ! back1 :i* is1 9 effect1 giv+ a receipt = ! money4 ,y may d ?is 9 v>i\s ways4 ,y may endorse3 #a4 ,9 blank2 t is1 m]ely write y\r "n across ! back4 #b4 ,9 full1 by say+1 ,pay to ! ord] ( ---- & sign+ y\r "n4 #c4 ,by re/rict+ ! paym5t to a p>ticul> p]son2 z1 ,pay to ---- ,?is *eck _c n[ be ca%$ by anyone except ! "o nam$ 9 ! endorsem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,express ,,money ,,ord] ,express ,money ,ord]4--,an express money ord] is mu* l a *eck1 except t x is drawn on an express company in/ead ( on a bank & reads1 = example3 ,cont95tal ,express ,company agrees to transmit & pay to ! ord] ( ---- 7! "o to :om y are s5d+ ! money7 ---- 7! am\nt74 ,! ord] is sign$ by ! treasur] ( ! company & c\nt]sign$ by ! ag5t :o sells x4 ,y c buy su* an ord] at any express (fice4 ,x may be endors$ l a *eck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,po/al ,,money ,,ord] ,po/al ,money ,ord]4--,! o!r =m ( money ord]1 ! po/al1 is an agreem5t sign$ by ! po/ma/] ( "o city t ! po/ma/] ( ano!r city w pay ! am\nt ( money nam$ 9 ! ord] to ! p]son nam$ 9 ! ord]4 ,bank ,draft4--,a bank draft is v mu* l a *eck1 except t in/ead ( two individuals deal+ ) ea* o!r two banks conduct ! transaction1 _! places ( bus9ess be+ 9 diff]5t cities or villages4 ,a bank draft is sometimes call$ a bank *eck1 because 9 ! case ( bo? a draft & a *eck "o p>ty draws ^u ano!r ) :om ! fir/ has funds deposit$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 banks & bus9ess h\ses require t remittances be s5t to !m by drafts drawn on ,new ,york or ,*icago banks1 z !re is a *>ge call$ ex*ange made 9 ! collection ( *ecks drawn on local banks4 ,9 ! draft t foll[s1 ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,utah1 ( :i* ,h5ry ,t4 ,mc,ewan is ,assi/ant ,ca%i]1 makes out ! draft4 ,! bank :i* is ord]$ to pay ! money is ! ,national ,p>k ,bank ( ,new ,york4 ,! money is to be paid to ,h5ry ,l4 ,f[l]4 ,! ,/ate ,bank ( ,utah is call$ ! draw]2 ! ,national ,p>k ,bank ( ,new ,york1 on :om ! draft is drawn1 is ! drawee2 ,h5ry ,l4 ,f[l] is ! payee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bank ,,draft ,illu/ration3 ,,endorsem5t ,! paym5t indicat$ above 0 probably made )\t actually s5d+ ! money f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,new ,york4 ,x 0 done 9 ?is way3 ,h5ry ,l4 ,f[l] ( ,salt ,lake ,city owes "o hundr$ doll>s to a man liv+ 9 an ,ea/]n city1 let u say ,*>les ,em]y ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mr4 ,f[l] goes to ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,utah 9 ,salt ,lake ,city & buys a draft on ,new ,york1 made payable to himself4 ,! bank makes out ! above1 *>g+ ,mr4 ,f[l] "o hundr$ doll>s plus a fraction ( "o p] c5t = its tr\ble4 ,mr4 ,f[l] endorses x 9 full to ,mr4 ,em]y ( ,ro*e/] & s5ds ! draft to ! latt]4 ,he has ! draft made payable to himself s t ! endorsem5t w con/itute a full record ( ! transaction4 ,mr4 ,em]y takes ! draft to 8 own bank 9 ,ro*e/]1 endorses x 9 blank1 & receives ! "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,?us ,mr4 ,f[l] has paid out ! money & ,mr4 ,em]y has receiv$ x4 ,! way ! banks conduct ! transaction is z foll[s3 ,!re are c]ta9 big money c5t]s 9 ! c\ntry2 e4g41 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,san ,francisco4 ,important banks 9 o!r places h money on deposit 9 at lea/ "o bank 9 ea* ( ^! c5t]s4 ,! banks :i* ?us deal ) "o ano!r are call$ correspond5ts4 ,! ,national ,p>k ,bank is ! correspond5t ( ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,utah4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,em]y ca%es ! draft at 8 ,ro*e/] bank1 ! latt] s5ds x to its ,new ,york correspond5t1 & at ! same "t *>ges ! correspond5t "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,! correspond5t pres5ts ! draft to ! ,national ,p>k ,bank1 :i* pays ! money & *>ges ! same am\nt to ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,utah4 ,expla9 h[ ?is settles ! transaction4 ,"t ,draft4--,a "t draft is mu* l a bank draft1 9 t two banks conduct ! pr9cipal "p ( ! transaction = two individuals1 b no money is actually paid at ! "t ! draft is drawn4 ,! details ( a transaction ( ?is k9d are expla9$ on ! foll[+ page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"t ,,draft ,horace ,prang ( #ajjh ,elm ,/reet1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 owes ,loetz] ,co4 five hundr$ doll>s1 due ,augu/ #bg1 #aiae4 ,loetz] ,co4 make out ! draft above & deposit x 9 ! ,bank ( ,buffalo4 ,! latt] s5ds ! draft to its correspond5t 9 ,columbus1 :i* pres5ts ! draft to ,horace ,prang4 ,if he is will+ to pay ! note :5 x falls due1 he writes across ! face ( x1 ,accept$ adds ! date1 & signs 8 "n4 ,x is n[ return$ to ! ,bank ( ,buffalo4 ,! ,bank ( ,buffalo w !n disc\nt ! draft = ,loetz] ,co4 ,sight ,draft4--,a sight draft is mu* l a "t draft1 except t ! am\nt is paid by ! p]son on :om x is drawn z soon z x is pres5t$1 in/ead ( aft] a /ipulat$ l5g? ( "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sight ,,draft ,suppose ! ,empire ,elevator ,co4 ( ,buffalo has sold #dbj wor? ( gra9 to ! ,smi? ,mill+ ,co4 ( ,spr+field1 ,mass4 ,:5 ! gra9 is load$ on ! c>s1 ! railroad company gives ! ,empire ,elevator ,co4 a bill ( lad+4 ,n[1 ! ,smi? ,mill+ ,co4 mu/ possess ?is bill ( lad+ be=e x c take ! gra9 f ! c>s at ,spr+field4 ,! ,empire ,elevator ,co4 deposits ! bill ( lad+ ) ! above draft 9 ! ,m>9e ,national ,bank ( ,buffalo4 ,?is bank s5ds bo? to its correspond5t 9 ,spr+field4 ,! ,spr+field bank pres5ts ! draft to ! ,smi? ,mill+ ,co41 :o may take ! gra9 f ! c>s on paym5t ( ! draft4 ,9 case ( non-paym5t1 bo? draft & bill ( lad+ are return$ to ! ,m>9e ,national ,bank ( ,buffalo1 & ! ,empire ,elevator ,co4 mu/ make arrangem5ts = ! return or ! disposal ( ! gra94 ,ex]cise #cja #a4 ,f4 ,r4 ,?ompson1 sales manag] ( ! ,new ,york ,tru/ & ,sav+s ,bank1 s5ds a circul> lett] to a numb] ( banks1 say+ t he is enclos+ a booklet t describes a numb] ( bonds suitable = ! security ( po/al sav+s deposits1 ! legality ( :i* has be5 c>efully inve/igat$4 ,9 8 lett] he m5tions especially ,omaha1 ,nebraska1 ,s*ool #d bonds1 price to net #d4dj2 ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton1 ,h>bor #e bonds1 price to net #d2 & ,hoquiam1 ,wa%+ton1 ,bridge #e bonds1 price to net #e4 ,reproduce ! lett]1 address+ x to ,w4 ,w4 ,fall[s1 ,ca%i] ( ! ,m]cantile ,national ,bank ( ,pueblo1 ,colorado4 #b4 ,mr4 ,fall[s answ]s1 say+ t 8 k ( ! po/al sav+s law is vague & t he w\ld be glad if ,mr4 ,?ompson w\ld give him def9ite in=mation on ! subject4 #c4 ,mr4 ,?ompson replies t he is enclos+ a copy ( ! po/al sav+s law4 ,he assures ,mr4 ,fall[s t he c s]ve ! latt] bo? 9 buy+ ! prop] securities & 9 deposit+ !m ) ! ,treasur] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,application = su* deposits mu/ be made by ! bank itself4 ,mr4 ,?ompson w gladly in=m him if ,mr4 ,fall[s does n "k ! /eps to be tak5 or ! report to be submitt$4 #d4 ,punctuate1 us+ a lett]head3 ,m]cantile ,tru/ ,company ,new ,york ,city ,dec #b #ai-- manag] ! bank ( ,scotl& #c;c bi%op ,e ,c ,london ,engl& de> sir we are s5d+ y h]e) advice ( ! issuance ( our circul> lett] ( cr$it ,no4 #bfb 9 favor ( ,miss ,hel5 ,jackson = #cjj p\nds /]l+ ,miss ,jackson is at pres5t 9 ,p>is ,france & ! lett] ( cr$it has be5 =w>d$ to ,messrs ,?omas ,cooke & ,son #a ,place de l',op]a ,p>is we h reque/$ ,messrs ,?omas ,cooke & ,son to =w>d to y two specim5s ( ,miss ,jacksons signature :i* we h sign$ & =w>d$ to ,messrs ,?omas ,cooke & ,son = t purpose s t y may h ^! signatures be=e any drafts aga9/ ! lett] ( cr$it are pres5t$ to y y\rs v truly ,james ,r ,hudson treasur]4 ,:at is a lett] ( cr$it8 ,h[ did ,miss ,jackson get x8 ,! ,bank ( ,scotl& is ! correspond5t ( ! ,m]cantile ,tru/ ,company4 ,expla94 ,:y %\ld ! ,new ,york bank =w>d ,miss ,jackson's signature8 #e4 ,write ! lett] t ! ,m]cantile ,tru/ ,company s5ds to ,messrs4 ,?omas ,cooke & ,son4 #f4 ,write ! lett] t ,messrs4 ,?omas ,cooke & ,son s5d to ! ,bank ( ,scotl&4 #g4 ,w4 ,t4 ,r&all1 ca%i] ( ! ,milwaukee ,tru/ & ,sav+s ,bank1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis41 writes a lett]1 ! purpose ( :i* is to secure sav+s acc\nts4 ,a club ( #ejj memb]s is to be =m$4 ,ea* memb] is to buy a %>e by pay+ "o doll> & to pay "o doll> p] week p] %>e1 ! am\nt to draw int]e/ at #c4 ,aft] =ty-eight weeks he gets cr$it = fifty doll>s p] %>e1 ?us secur+ ov] #e int]e/ on 8 money4 ,make ! (f] attractive4 #h4 ,"s "t ago a bank 9 y\r city disc\nt$ a note held by ,george ,c>p5t]1 sign$ by ,m>t9 ,kug]man4 ,! note falls due 9 t5 days4 ,z ca%i] write to ,mr4 ,kug]man1 tell+ him t y hold ! note & t y hope he w be able to remit on ! day ( maturity4 #i4 ,y\r bank loan$ ,cl>5ce ,w5twor? #ejj = n9ety days1 tak+ z security #gjj wor? ( collat]al4 ,! note falls due 9 a week4 ,write to ,mr4 ,w5twor?1 rem9d+ him t ! note falls due & ask+ him :e!r he wi%es to pay x (f or :e!r he wi%es x ext5d$4 #aj4 ,john ,elswor?1 :o has an acc\nt ) y1 writes1 say+ t by regi/]$ mail he is s5d+ y c]tificates ( #bj %>es ,union ,pacific common /ock1 #ej %>es ,national ,biscuit ,co4 pref]r$ /ock1 #e 7bonds7 ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph conv]tible #d's1 #c 7bonds7 ,new ,york & ,ea/ ,riv] ,gas ,co4 fir/ mortgage #e's4 ,he asks y to take c>e ( !m & collect divid5ds & int]e/ :5 !y are due1 cr$it+ !m to 8 acc\nt4 #aa4 ,y\r correspond5t1 ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank ( ,janesville1 ,wis41 writes1 ask+ y to =w>d by regi/]$ mail #e1jjj 9 curr5cy4 ,ex]cise #cjb #a4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,c>roll ( ,wausau1 ,wis41 writes to ,mr4 ,r&all 7,ex]cise #cja1 #g71 ask+ him to buy #aj %>es ( ,c4 ,n4 ,w4 ,r4 ,r4 pref]r$ /ock at #acd or bett]4 ,:5 !y are b\ght1 he adds1 !y c be s5t ?r\gh any bank 9 ,wausau4 #b4 ,mr4 ,r&all replies by s5d+ ! #aj %>es ( /ock to ! bank's correspond5t 9 ,wausau1 ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank1 tell+ ! latt] to deliv] !m to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,c>roll on paym5t ( ! enclos$ draft = #acdj ) ex*ange4 ,write ! lett]4 #c4 ,a dressmak] 9 ,s\? ,b5d1 ,ind41 has appli$ to ,m>%all ,field ,co41 ,retail1 ,/ate & ,wa%+ton ,/reets1 ,*icago1 = a *>ge acc\nt4 ,! dep>tm5t /ore makes inquiries conc]n+ h] at h] bank1 ! ,comm]cial & ,sav+s ,bank ( ,s\? ,b5d4 ,write ! lett]4 #d4 ,! bank replies t %e has ma9ta9$ a small b /eady balance1 t %e has nev] ov]drawn h] acc\nt1 & t 9 _! op9ion h] cr$it w\ld be good up to #ajj mon?ly4 ,write ! lett]4 #e4 ,!odore ,bu*anan ( ,/4 ,l\is s5ds ,philip ,newborg ( y\r city a *eck = #ajj ) :i* he pays a debt to ,*>les ,spr+] ( ,m9neapolis4 ,spr+] endorses x & deposits x 9 ! ,security ,national ,bank4 ,! *eck is return$ m>k$ ,n4,s4,f41 & ! ,security ,national ,bank notifies ,spr+] ( ! situation & ( ! fact t 8 acc\nt has be5 *>g$ ) #ajd1 ! am\nt ( ! draft plus exp5ses4 #f4 ,"o ( ! depositors ( ! ,milwaukee ,tru/ & ,sav+s ,bank br+s to ! ,ca%i] a note :i* is ab\t due1 & asks ! bank to collect x4 ,! mak] ( ! note is ,william ,t4 ,adams ( ,seattle4 ,! ,ca%i] writes to ! bank's correspond5t 9 ,seattle1 ! ,sc&9avian ,am]ican ,bank1 ask+ ! latt] to collect4 ,write ! lett]4 7,see ,ex]cise #cja1 #g47 #g4 ,! ,sc&9avian ,am]ican bank writes to ,william ,t4 ,adams1 tell+ him t x holds a note sign$ by him1 due ----1 & ask+ him to make prompt paym5t4 ,write ! lett]4 #h4 ,mr4 ,adams pays ! note4 ,! ,seattle ,bank notifies ! ,milwaukee ,bank1 enclos+ a draft = ! am\nt4 ,write ! lett]4 #i4 ,see ,ex]cise #cja1 #aj4 ,z ,john ,elswor?'s bank] s5d ! c\pons = ! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph bonds to y\r correspond5t 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,national ,city ,bank1 because ! int]e/ is payable 9 ,new ,york4 ,ask ! bank to make ! collection4 ,write ! lett]4 #aj4 ,! ,national ,city ,bank makes ! collection & in=ms y by means ( a pr9t$ =m t x has cr$it$ y ) ! am\nt1 #aab4ej4 ,! =m is j l a lett] except t x is already pr9t$ ) blanks left = ! "n & ! address & = itemiz+ ! c\pons collect$4 ,write su* a =m4 #aa4 ,"o ( y\r depositors has ov]drawn 8 acc\nt4 ,notify him ( ! fact4 ,d ?is c\rte\sly s t ! depositor may h no reason to )draw 8 acc\nt4 #ab4 ,9 y\r city !re is a real e/ate deal] :o (t5 has l>ge sums ( money idle = a %ort "t because1 :5 he sells "o piece ( prop]ty1 he does n always h ano!r imm$iately 9 view4 ,he is n a depositor 9 y\r bank4 ,write to him1 induc+ him to take out a ,c]tificate ( ,deposit at su* times & tell+ him t ! advantages ( su* a c]tificate are t he w get #c int]e/ on ! money deposit$ & t he may draw out ! money at any "t4 #ac4 ,"o ( y\r depositors has writt5 to y1 ask+ = a loan ( #e1jjj = n9e mon?s4 ,write to him1 say+ t x is n y\r practice to make "t loans = def9ite p]iods long] ?an six mon?s1 z x is n a good plan ?us to tie up y\r deposits4 ,expla9 t z mo/ ( a bank's deposits are payable on dem&1 y w\ld sugge/ 8 tak+ out a dem& loan = #e1jjj1 payable on ! dem& ( ! bank4 ,"u ord9>y bus9ess conditions su* a loan might easily run = n9e mon?s4 #ad4 ,r4 ,f4 ,m>sd51 ,presid5t ( ! ,truesdale ,cotton ,mill1 ,birm+ham1 ,ala41 has writt5 to y1 ask+ :e!r he c secure a loan next fall on ! cotton 9 ! mill z collat]al4 ,reply t y feel c]ta9 t satisfactory arrangem5ts c\ld be made if ! cotton 7 /or$ 9 an accr$it$ w>eh\se1 s t y c\ld accept ! w>eh\se receipt z collat]al4 ,ex]cise #cjc ,punctuate & p>agraph ! foll[+ lett]1 :i* expla9s "o function ( a tru/ company3 ,de> sir z y are "o ( our cli5ts y are famili> ) ! reputation ( ?is bank = s\nd bank+ & cons]vative inve/m5ts y may n h[ev] be aw>e t we h a fully equipp$ tru/ dep>tm5t prep>$ to act 9 any ( ! num]\s capacities 9 :i* ! s]vices ( tru/ companies h prov$ ( special value at ?is "t we wi% to call y\r p>ticul> att5tion to ! s]vice :i* ?is dep>tm5t is prep>$ to r5d] z tru/ee "u agreem5t x is natural t "o :o has accumulat$ prop]ty %\ld desire to sup]9t5d or direct its disposition =m]ly ?is 0 done by w n[ h[ev] z ! complex laws ( ! v>i\s /ates frequ5tly necessitate ! paym5t ( d\ble or triple inh]itance taxes x is becom+ a m & m common practice = a man dur+ 8 lifetime to adm9i/] 8 own e/ate s to speak ?is may be accompli%$ ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( a tru/ ) respect to ei!r a "p or all ( "o's prop]ty x c be accompli%$ n only ) absolute safety to ! donor b ) entire secrecy z well ! t]ms ( ! tru/ be+ reg>d$ z absolutely confid5tial fur!rmore ! donor has ! satisfaction ( dispos+ ( 8 prop]ty dur+ 8 lifetime 9 accordance ) 8 desires ! life ( a tru/ company unlike t ( any individual is ( p]petual duration dea? does n int]f]e ) its managem5t ( ! tru/ e/ate its f9ancial responsibility & ! safegu>ds ?r[n ar\nd tru/ e/ates by ! /ate laws insure ! safety ( a tru/ fund if y are int]e/$ 9 ?is subject let u discuss x ) y ei!r 9 p]son or by correspond5ce :5 ?is bank is nam$ 9 a tru/ capacity no *>ge is made = s]vice or advice 9 connection ) ! draft+ ( ! tru/ in/rum5ts y\rs truly ,be=e writ+ ! foll[+1 re-read ,! ,ri*>ds' ,baby ,/ock+ ,fund1 page #ccg4 #a4 ,suppose t y 7 a newspap] correspond5t 9 ,alaska at ! "t ,ri*>ds 0 kill$4 ,= y\r home pap] write an acc\nt ( ! f9d+ ( ! baby /ock+4 ,9 :at ways w\ld ?is acc\nt diff] f a magaz9e article on ! same subject8 #b4 ,z if y 7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,alaska1 write to a ,portl& bank say+ t y are s5d+ ! #b1ejj to !m1 & ask+ !m to put ! funds 9 ! c>e ( a reliable tru/ company4 #c4 ,! ,portl& bank writes to ! ,kansas ,city ,tru/ ,company1 ask+ if ! latt] w accept ! tru/4 ,write ! lett]4 #d4 ,! ,kansas ,city ,tru/ ,company replies t x w accept ! tru/ )\t remun]ation4 ,write ! lett]4 #e4 ,! ,portl& bank in=ms ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,alaska ( ! disposition ( ! funds4 ,write ! lett]4 ,ex]cise #cjd ,topics = ,inve/igation & ,discussion #a4 ,! panic ( #aijg & "s ( its lessons4 #b4 ,future bank+ re=m4 #c4 ,gov]nm5t sup]vision ( banks4 #d4 ,unscrupul\s bank+ companies4 #e4 ,cle>+ h\se c]tificates4 #f4 ,po/al sav+s banks4 #g4 ,! "w ( ! cle>+ h\se4 #h4 ,! ne$ ( banks 9 a community4 #i4 ,! developm5t ( real e/ate firms into banks4 #aj4 ,! ,ow5 ,glass ,curr5cy ,bill4 ,ex]cise #cje ,books t w ,sugge/ ,topics = ,talks ,,crock]1 ,u4 ,h41 ,! ,cause ( ,h>d ,times4 ,,fonda1 ,,ar?ur ,j41 ,hone/ ,money4 ,,gibbs1 ,h4 ,c41 ,a ,bimetallic ,prim]4 ,,mcadams1 ,,graham1 ,an ,alphabet 9 ,f9ance4 ,,newcomb1 ,,simon1 ,! ,a ,b ,c ( ,f9ance4 ,,norton1 ,s4 ,f41 ,t5 ,m5 ( ,money ,isl&1 or ,! ,prim] ( ,f9ance4 ,,reeves1 ,,john1 ,! ,ro?s*ilds3 ,! ,f9ancial ,rul]s ( ,nations4 ,,:ite1 ,,horace1 ,money & ,bank+4 ,ex]cise #cjf ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,,! ,,daily ,,r\t9e ,,( ,,! ,,cle>+ ,,h\se ,ea* bank s5ds two cl]ks to ! ,cle>+ ,h\se3 a deliv]+ cl]k & a settl+ cl]k4 ,!re are ?ree r[s ( seats runn+ ?r\gh ! cle>+ room l5g?wise1 "o 9 ! c5t] & "o on ea* side p>allel ) x4 ,! settl+ cl]ks occupy ^! seats & ea* "o has a suffici5t am\nt ( desk room 9 front ( him to d 8 "w on1 8 space be+ sep>at$ f 8 neighbors' by a wire scre54 ,! deliv]y cl]ks1 ) _! packages ( *ecks 9 sep>ate envelopes1 /& 9 ! op5 space 9 front ( ! settl+ cl]ks4 ,at two m9utes be=e #aj o'clock ! manag]1 ^: /ation is an elevat$ op5 space at ! extreme end ( ! room1 /rikes a bell4 ,! movem5t has all ! precision ( a milit>y drill4 ,:5 ! second bell s\nds1 at exactly #aj o'clock1 ea* deliv]y cl]k takes "o /ep =w>d1 h&s ! prop] package to ! settl+ cl]k ( ! bank next to him1 drops ! accompany+ ticket %[+ ! am\nt into an ap]ture l a lett] box1 & places be=e ! settl+ cl]k 8 s*$ule1 on :i* ! latt] places 8 initials4 ,?us ! procession moves un9t]rupt$ly until ea* deliv]y cl]k has pres5t$ to ea* settl+ cl]k ! prop] package & ticket4 ,usually ?is "p ( ! op]ation is complet$ 9 t5 m9utes4 ,mean:ile ! pro( cl]k1 :o occupies a desk ne> ! manag]1 has ent]$ ! claims ( ea* bank "u ! head ,bank ,cr4 on a broad %eet ( pap]4 ,inasmu* z ! am\nt ( ea* bank's claim aga9/ ! ,cle>+ ,h\se 7ent]$ "u ! head ,banks ,cr47 is ! sum ( all ! tickets :i* its deliv]y cl]k has pu%$ into ! lett] boxes ( ! o!r banks1 x foll[s t all ! tickets ( all ! banks %\ld equal all ! entries "u t head4 ,! next /ep 9 ! op]ation is = ea* settl+ cl]k to arrange ! am\nts ( all ! tickets 9 8 lett] box 9 a column1 add x up1 & s5d ! am\nt to ! pro( cl]k1 :o transcribes & arranges x accord+ to ! bank's numb] "u ! head ,banks ,dr41 s t ! debit ( ,bank ,a %all be on ! same l9e ) its cr$it4 ,!n ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two w %[ h[ mu* ! bank owes ! ,cle>+ ,h\se or h[ mu* ! ,cle>+ ,h\se owes ! bank4 ,! "t occupi$ by ! settl+ cl]ks 9 arrang+ _! tickets & add+ up ! columns is ab\t half an h\r4 ,z fa/ z ^! foot+s are complet$1 !y are s5t to ! pro( cl]k1 :o puts !m 9 ! debit column opposite ! cr$its ( ! banks1 respectively4 ,:5 all are complet$1 if no error has be5 made1 ! foot+s ( ! cr$it & debit columns mu/ be exactly equal & ! foot+s ( ! two o!r columns1 :i* %[ ! diff]5ces1 mu/ be exactly equal4 ,!n ^! diff]5ces are read (f sl[ly & 9 a di/9ct tone by ! manag]1 s t ea* settl+ cl]k c write d[n ! sum t 8 bank has to pay or to receive4 ,z "t is money at ! ,cle>+ ,h\se1 a f9e is exact$ = e error & e delay 9 mak+ foot+s1 = e disob$i5ce ( ! ord]s ( ! manag]1 or = e in/ance ( disord]ly conduct4--,horace ,:ite3 ,money & ,bank+4 #b ,! ,treasury1 9 connection ) its money wa%+1 has ask$ national banks to ex]cise m c>e 9 s5d+ 9 money = r$emption4 ,banks frequ5tly put into ! same bundle1 good notes1 bad notes1 & notes ( diff]5t d5om9ations4 ,:5 !y are mix$ 9 ?is way1 x requires a good deal ( "w to sep>ate ! money4 ,! ,treasury ?9ks t ! banks c\ld d ?is "w1 s t1 :5 ! money rea*es ,wa%+ton1 x c\ld easily be sep>at$ by packages in/ead ( ea* package hav+ to be sep>at$ fir/4 ,! ,assi/ant ,secret>y says he believes t1 :5 he gets ! subject work$ out 9 detail1 new wa%$ money w be return$ to ! bank 9 any d5om9ation desir$ on ! same day t x is receiv$2 t money unfit = laund]+ w be de/roy$ & new money issu$4 ,?is exp$iti\s h&l+ ( money s5t 9 = r$emption _c1 h[ev]1 be atta9$1 he admits1 )\t ! co-op]ation ( ! banks4 ,9 a %ort "t1 he believes1 all banks w see t x is to _! b5efit to d ?is4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,corporation ,,! /udy t we h ?us f> made ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( bus9esses w\ld be incomplete did we n briefly outl9e ! diff]5t types ( organization by :i* mod]n bus9ess is conduct$4 ,?is w naturally lead u to a discussion ( /ocks & bonds1 :i* are ( great importance 9 e big bus9ess & ( int]e/ to individuals z means ( inve/m5t4 ,h[ev]1 z ! subjects are probably outside ! exp]i5ce ( mo/ /ud5ts1 we %all treat !m z simply z possible1 lett+ ! *apt] /& r = ! in=mation x conta9s ?an = its application to ! /udy ( ,engli% expression4 ,bus9ess to-day is c>ri$ on 9 ?ree diff]5t ways2 viz41 by individuals1 by p>tn]%ips1 & by corporations4 ,! groc]1 ! but*]1 ! bak]1 or any "o man :o c>ries on a bus9ess is an example ( ! fir/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! groc] & ! but*]1 or ! groc] & ! bak]1 comb9e _! bus9esses = ! good ( bo?1 !y =m a p>tn]%ip4 ,:5 ! am\nt ( capital necess>y = c>ry+ on ! bus9ess becomes s l>ge t ! money ( _m p is ne$$1 a corporation is =m$4 ,! am\nt ( money :i* any "o individual inve/s 9 ! company is repres5t$ by a c]ta9 numb] ( %>es ( ! capital /ock ( ! company1 entitl+ him to 8 portion ( ! divid5ds1 or int]e/ on ! money he has inve/$4 ,^! %>es ( ! capital /ock are transf]able & c be b\ght & sold l an automobile or a h\se4 ,s9ce !re is no "t limit z to h[ long a corporation may d bus9ess1 a *ange 9 ! own]%ip ( "p ( ! /ock1 or ! dea? ( a /ockhold]1 is n accompani$ by ! same result z 9 a p>tn]%ip1 :]e ! dea? ( "o ( ! p>tn]s sometimes breaks up ! bus9ess4 ,fur!rmore1 9 a p>tn]%ip ea* "o ( ! p>tn]s is p]sonally liable = any debts made by any ( ! p>tn]s 9 behalf ( ! bus9ess1 :]eas ! p]sonal possessions ( a /ockhold] 9 a corporation _c be held z security = any debts incurr$ by ! corporation4 ,^! are two ( ! m important advantages ( corporate organization ov] p>tn]%ip4 ,! ,f9ances ( a ,corporation ,x has be5 e/imat$ t if "o 7 to c\nt money1 doll> by doll>1 "o doll> e second = eight h\rs six days a week1 x w\ld take him six weeks to c\nt "o million doll>s1 & ov] "o hundr$ ye>s to c\nt a billion doll>s4 ,?is may help u to appreciate ! sums ( money spok5 ( 9 ! foll[+3 ,9 #aiad ! m>ket value ( ! ,commonweal? ,edison ,company ( ,*icago 0 ov] #hc1jjj1jjj4 ,! valuation plac$ on ! prop]ties ( ! ,*icago ,railways ,company 9 #aiad exce$$ #gi1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,union ,pacific ,railroad ,company _h inve/$ 9 its prop]ties 9 #aiad approximately #ejj1jjj1jjj4 ,! capital obligations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,/eel ,corporation 9 #aiad 7 ov] #a1ejj1jjj1jjj4 ,!re are hundr$s ( su* organizations 9 our c\ntry1 ! inve/m5ts 9 :i* run to & beyond #ej1jjj1jjj ea*4 ,x mu/ be pla9 t1 except 9 a v few cases1 ^! va/ am\nts ( money d n repres5t ! inve/m5t ( "o1 or ( a few1 b ( _m p]sons4 ,9 unit+ _! capital1 ^! p]sons decrease ! co/ ( mak+ or di/ribut+ ! product & s increase _! pr(its4 ,/ocks ,:5 a l>ge company ( ?is k9d is organiz$1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( money is agre$ ^u to be ! capital ( ! company1 & x is divid$ into small portions1 ord9>ily #ajj ea*1 call$ %>es4 ,! total ( ! %>es is call$ ! au?oriz$ capital /ock4 ,^! %>es are sold1 ! pur*as]s ( ! %>es be+ call$ %>ehold]s1 or /ockhold]s1 ( ! company4 ,! numb] ( %>es a p]son holds det]m9es :at "p ( ! pr(its he is entitl$ to4 ,= example1 if a company is organiz$ = #ajjj %>es ( #ajj ea*1 or a capital /ock ( #ajj1jjj1 & y own$ #ajj %>es1 y w\ld be entitl$ to "o-t5? ( ! divid$ pr(its ( ! company4 ,su* pr(its ( ! company1 divid$ proportionately among ! /ockhold]s1 con/itute ! divid5ds4 ,(t5 ! capital /ock is ( two k9ds1 pref]r$ & common1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,union ,pacific ,r4 ,r41 :i* has #bjj1jjj1jjj ( au?oriz$ pref]r$ /ock & #bif1agh1gjj ( au?oriz$ common /ock4 ,z ! names signify1 pref]r$ /ock is ord9>ily bett] ?an common /ock1 ! divid5ds on pref]r$ /ock be+ paid be=e any divid5ds are paid on common /ock & usually at a /at$ rate ( int]e/2 z1 #d1 #e1 or #f p] c5t4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,union ,pacific1 ?is rate is #d p] c5t4 ,if ! company e>ns only en\gh pr(its to pay ! divid5ds on ! pref]r$ /ock1 ! common gets no divid5ds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! pr(its are enorm\s1 ! common occasionally gets m ?an ! pref]r$4 ,p> & ,m>ket ,value ,! p> value ( a /ock is ! face value ( "o %>e ( /ock1 indicat$ on ! face ( ! c]tificate4 ,?is may be #aj or #ej or #ajj1 :atev] ! am\nt agre$ ^u = "o %>e :5 ! company is organiz$4 ,! am\nt mo/ commonly us$ z p> is #ajj4 ,! m>ket value ( ! /ock1 h[ev]1 ne$ n be ?is am\nt1 b may be great] or less1 dep5d5t on h[ successful ! company is & :at rate ( divid5ds x pays4 ,if a company's /&+ is v good & ! divid5ds are high 7ov] #f p] c5t71 ! /ock w probably sell on ! m>ket above p>4 ,if ! company's f9ances are 9 a d\btful condition & !re are evid5ces t ! company w pay small divid5ds1 if any at all1 ! m>ket price ( ! /ock w fall bel[ p>4 ,= example1 9 ,janu>y1 #aiad1 ,union ,pacific ,r4 ,r4 common /ock sold = ab\t #aeh p] %>e1 because ! f9ances ( ! company 7 9 good condition & ! company _h paid #aj p] c5t divid5ds /eadily ea* ye> s9ce ,july #a1 #aijg4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any occasion %\ld arise to make ! public d\bt ! paym5t ( future divid5ds at ! same rate1 ! /ock w\ld probably decl9e4 ,to g to ! o!r extreme1 9 ! same mon? ,waba% ,r4 ,r4 common /ock sold z l[ z #h p] %>e1 al?\gh ! p> is #ajj4 ,?is 0 because = "s ye>s ! company _h paid no divid5ds & 0 !n 9 ! h&s ( receiv]s4 ,to take a middle case 9 ! same mon? & ye>1 ,erie ,r4 ,r4 fir/ pref]r$ /ock sold at ab\t #de p] %>e1 not)/&+ ! fact t s9ce #aijg no divid5ds _h be5 paid4 ,! reason = ?is seem+ly high price 0 t ! company _h = "s "t be5 recon/ruct+ its prop]ty1 _h gradually increas$ its bus9ess1 _h e>n$ a #i1jjj1jjj surplus 9 #aiac1 & _h a good outlook to a divid5d 9 ! ne> future4 ,^! are n ! only influ5ces t affect ! price ( /ocks4 ,! old factor ( supply & dem& has a great influ5ce on price4 ,if1 = example1 a f9anci] decides to buy a l>ge block ( "s /ock1 ! m>ket w almo/ imm$iately be affect$1 & t /ock w g up4 ,"o example w suffice4 ,9 #aija ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman set out to buy #aee1jjj1jjj wor? ( ,nor!rn ,pacific /ock 9 ! op5 m>ket to ga9 control ( ! ,nor!rn ,pacific railroad4 ,( c\rse1 ! m>ket felt ! dem&1 & ! price ( ! /ock rose f a little above p> until x t\*$ #a1jjj a %>e be=e x />t$ back to normal4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,h>riman unload$ t same /ock 9 #aijf1 because he fail$ to ga9 control1 ! m>ket w5t d[n s consid]ably t he lo/ #aj1jjj1jjj & almo/ caus$ a panic4 ,(t5 ! /ocks ( a company sell bel[ p> because ! /ock is wat]$2 t is1 ! company has issu$ m /ock ?an !re is value inve/$ 9 ! prop]ty4 ,_m ( our railroads1 = example1 7 built on borr[$ money--t is1 f ! proce$s ( ! sale ( bonds--&1 to make ! bonds sell m readily1 /ocks 7 giv5 away ) !m4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 increas$ ! capitalization greatly )\t increas+ ! value4 ,! temptation 9 =m+ new companies1 especially 9 m9+ s*emes & wildcat v5tures1 is to wat] ! /ock heavily by vot+ a l>ge block ( /ock gratis to ! organiz]s4 ,be=e "o inve/s 9 any ( ^! companies1 he %\ld ?or\ghly inve/igate !m4 ,sometimes companies wat] _! /ocks :5 _! divid5ds h become v l>ge & !y wi% to br+ ! rate d[n to t commonly paid4 ,! ,wells ,f>go ,express ,company did ?is 9 #aiaj1 pres5t+ _! /ockhold]s ) #af1jjj1jjj wor? ( new /ock )\t any new inve/m5t 9 ! prop]ty4 ,bonds ,suppose t ,a owns a h\se ) a /ore 9 x1 & 9 ! /ore he c>ries on a groc]y bus9ess4 ,suppose t by enl>g+ 8 /ore & putt+ 9 a bigg] /ock ( goods he c make m money4 ,! improvem5ts w co/ #a1jjj1 b he hasn't ! money4 ,he goes to ,b to ask ,b to l5d him #a1jjj = five ye>s1 (f]+ ,b ! h\se z security4 ,b gives ,a ! #a1jjj & 9 return gets a c]ta9 am\nt ( int]e/ ea* ye> & ,a's mortgage note aga9/ ! prop]ty4 ,?is means t1 if at ! end ( five ye>s ,a _c pay ! #a1jjj1 ,b has ! "r to sell ,a's h\se & collect ! money due him4 ,:5 a corporation borr[s money to ext5d its prop]ties1 plants1 or rights1 ! transaction is really ! same1 al?\gh ! =m is some:at diff]5t4 ,j z all ! capital /ock ( a corporation is divid$ into %>es own$ by a numb] ( p1 s1 :5 ! corporation borr[s money1 ! am\nt borr[$ is divid$ into small] p>ts ( #ejj or #a1jjj ea*1 call$ bonds1 :i* ! corporation sells ?r\gh its bank]s to p :o h idle money to inve/4 ,twice ea* ye>1 z /at$ 9 ! bond1 ! corporation pays int]e/ on ! borr[$ money at ! rate1 probably1 ( #d1 #d1 #e1 or #f p] c5t4 ,aft] a def9ite numb] ( ye>s1 z /at$ 9 ! bond1 ! corporation is oblig$ to pay back ! am\nt ( money t x borr[$4 ,?is is call$ r$eem+ ! bonds4 ,to %[ t x int5ds to pay back ! am\nt borr[$ at ! end ( ! "t /at$1 or r$eem ! bonds :5 !y become due1 ! corporation puts a mortgage on its real e/ate1 build+s1 ma*9]y1 & equipm5t4 ,:5 ! bonds become due--or mature1 z x is call$--if ! corporation does n pay back ! am\nt borr[$1 ! hold]s ( ! bonds may take possession ( ! company's real e/ate1 build+s1 ma*9]y1 & equipm5t on :i* ! company has plac$ ! mortgage & may sell !m to recov] ! money !y h loan$4 ,?us1 :ile ! /ockhold]s ( a corporation h no assurance t !y w ev] get _! money back or w ev] get any int]e/ on x1 ! hold]s ( c>efully select$ bonds are reasonably sure ( gett+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( int]e/ ea* ye> & ( gett+ _! money back :5 ! bonds mature4 ,%>es ( /ock repres5t ! inve/m5t made by ! /ockhold]s :o own ! company1 :]eas bonds repres5t ! inve/m5t ( ^? :o loan money to ! company4 ,we c readily see1 !n1 t ! /ockhold]s take ! great] risk4 ,= ?is reason x is expect$ t /ocks %\ld yield a high] pr(it ?an bonds1 & ?is is usually ! case4 ,! great] portion ( ! bonds t are issu$ by corporations run = long p]iods--tw5ty1 =ty1 fifty1 & ev5 "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,at times :5 money rates are high1 corporations t ne$ funds are reluctant to pay a high rate = s _m ye>s1 & s !y issue %ort "t bonds to run f two to five ye>s1 9 ! hope t at ! end ( ! "t money rates w be l[] & m favorable to _! issu+ long "t bonds4 ,_m companies1 especially indu/rial corporations & railroads1 h issu$ obligations to pay1 notes runn+ f six mon?s to five ye>s4 ,!y are n usually secur$ by a mortgage on ! prop]ty b are m]ely ! company's promise to pay1 ! int]e/ & ! pr9cipal tak+ prec$5ce ov] ! divid5ds on ! pref]r$ & ! common /ocks4 ,corporate ,organization ,be=e a corporation c c>ry on its bus9ess1 x mu/ obta9 a *>t] f "o ( ! /ates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: laws x mu/ obey4 ,! laws ( "s /ates are m l5i5t ?an ^? ( o!rs1 all[+ ! corporations m privileges4 ,new ,j]sey is ?us l5i5t2 consequ5tly we f9d _m l>ge corporations--su* z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,/eel ,corporation1 ! ,am]ican ,sug> ,ref9+ ,company1 & o!rs--organiz$ "u ! laws ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,aft] ! *>t] is grant$ & ! /ock b\ght by ! /ockhold]s1 ! latt] h a meet+1 at :i* !y elect a small numb] ( m5 to be directors1 :o1 z ! "n signifies1 conduct ! bus9ess ( ! company = ! /ockhold]s4 ,!y *oose a presid5t1 "o or m vice-presid5ts1 a treasur]1 a secret>y1 & any o!r (fic]s necess>y to c>ry on ! bus9ess "u ! control ( ! directors4 ,! t]m ( (fice ( ! directors is usually s fix$ t ! t]m ( a "p ( !m expires ea* ye>1 s t ea* ye> ! /ockhold]s h an annual meet+ at :i* !y elect new directors or re-elect ! old ones ^: t]m has expir$4 ,! ,railroad ,corporations divide !mselves into ?ree l>ge gr\ps2 viz41 railroad companies1 public utility corporations1 & indu/rial corporations4 ,( ^!1 ! gr\p compos$ ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful corporations is ! railroad gr\p4 ,railroads h two g5]al s\rces ( income1 ! l>g] be+ ! rev5ue receiv$ f op]at+ tra9s1 bo? freight & pass5g]2 & ! small] be+ ! return f inve/m5ts 9 o!r companies1 f real e/ate1 & f ! r5tal ( l9es1 t]m9als1 /ations1 & c>s to o!r railroads4 ,to c>ry on ! second or small] "p ( its bus9ess1 ! company ne$s an organization mu* l any o!r bus9ess1 b to conduct ! fir/ "p x requires a special organization4 ,?is divides itself into f\r dep>tm5ts1 usually ) a vice-presid5t at ! head ( ea*3 7#a7 ! traffic dep>tm5t1 7#b7 ! op]at+ dep>tm5t1 7#c7 ! f9ance & acc\nt+ dep>tm5t1 & 7#d7 ! legal dep>tm5t4 ,x is ! duty ( ! traffic dep>tm5t to get ! bus9ess = ! company & adju/ all traffic claims4 ,9 %ort1 x does ev]y?+ to increase ! bus9ess & ! e>n+s4 ,?is dep>tm5t naturally divides into ! freight traffic & pass5g] traffic dep>tm5ts1 ) a sup]9t5d5t or manag] at ! head ( ea*4 ,aft] ! traffic dep>tm5t has solicit$ ! bus9ess = ! company1 x is ! duty ( ! op]at+ dep>tm5t to r5d] ! s]vices requir$ by ! traffic dep>tm5t4 ,! "w is done by f\r l>ge divisions3 7#a7 ! eng9e]+ or con/ruction dep>tm5t1 ^: duty x is to build ! roads ov] :i* ! company may op]ate2 7#b7 ! ma9t5ance-(-way dep>tm5t1 ^: duty x is to see t ! roadb$ & rails are kept 9 good ord] & repair2 7#c7 ! equipm5t dep>tm5t1 ^: duty x is to see t ! company is suppli$ ) prop] locomotives & c>s & to see t su* equipm5t is kept 9 repair2 & 7#d7 ! transportation dep>tm5t1 :i* has to d ) ! op]at+ ( ! tra9s4 ,! f9ancial policy ( a railroad is usually 9 *>ge ( "o ( ! vice-presid5ts1 :o mu/ be a man ( exp]i5ce 9 f9ancial matt]s & :o acts ) ! approval ( ! directors4 ,! acc\nt+ dep>tm5t is m important ?an may appe> at fir/ sight4 ,railroads are n[ "u ! sup]vision & regulation ( ! gov]nm5t1 & "o ( ! rights t ! gov]nm5t has is to exam9e ! books ( ! company at any "t & to require all companies to submit a mon?ly report to ! gov]nm5t4 ,! legal dep>tm5t ( a railroad is especially important = two reasons3 7#a7 ,9 p]=m+ its s]vices1 ! company has bus9ess deal+s ) a l>ge numb] ( p]sons1 & 9 ! adju/m5t ( claims aga9/ ! railroad1 exp]t legal advice is con/antly necess>y4 7#b7 ,! railroad1 z /at$ above1 is "u ! regulation & control ( ! /ate & ! national gov]nm5ts1 & ! en=cem5t ( ?is regulation makes ! railroad a p>ty to num]\s proce$+s 9 ! c\rts & be=e ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission4 ,! l>ge railroads op]ate 9 f t5 to tw5ty /ates4 ,x c ?us easily be se5 t ! legal dep>tm5t has a great deal m to d ?an if ! railroad op]at$ "u b "o political p[]4 ,public ,utility ,corporations ,public utility corporations supply s]vices )\t :i* ! p ( to-day c\ld n v well live4 ,!y are ^? supply+ wat]1 light1 heat1 p[]1 telephones1 local transportation1 gas1 etc4 ,!y may prop]ly be call$ public necessity corporations4 ,! nature ( ^! bus9esses practically gives !m a monopoly 9 _! locality2 ?is is ! reason t !y h gr[n s enorm\sly dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,! ,commonweal? ,edison ,company1 :i* supplies a l>ge "p ( ,*icago ) light & p[]1 began 9 #ahhg ) a capital ( #ejj1jjj & 9 #aiad its capital obligations _h a m>ket value ( ov] #hc1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company began 9 #ahhe ) #ab1jjj1jjj ( capital /ock & 9 #aiad _h practically #cdj1jjj1jjj4 ,! o!r public s]vice corporations h kept pace1 accord+ to ! gr[? ( ! locality !y s]ve4 ,9 ! depression ( #aijg ?is class ( corporation kept /eadily increas+ ! volume ( its bus9ess :5 all o!rs w5t back a /ep4 ,s9ce ^! corporations are dep5d5t on ! local community = _! bus9ess1 if ! community gr[s ! company mu/ gr[1 & usually fa/] ?an ! community4 ,= ?is reason ! /ocks & bonds ( ^! companies are usually a good inve/m5t4 ,x is a common practice = municipalities to dem& a %>e ( ! pr(its ( ! company1 by way ( a fix$ sum1 a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! gross pr(its1 or a %>e ( ! net pr(its4 ,= example ! city ( ,*icago receives1 f ! ,commonweal? ,edison ,company ea* ye> #c p] c5t ( its gross receipts f ! sale ( curr5t & #aj p] c5t ( its gross receipts f ! r5tal ( conduit space1 am\nt+ 9 #aiac to m ?an #cjj1jjj1 q a consid]able sum4 ,! ,*icago ,railways ,company & ! ,*icago ,city ,railway ,company1 ! two l>ge /reet c> companies ( ,*icago1 aft] d$uctions = exp5ses & *>ges & #e p] c5t on ! am\nt inve/$ are made f ! gross income1 pay to ! city #ee p] c5t ( ! surplus e>n+s1 keep+ = !mselves #de p] c5t4 ,:5ev] ^! companies pay "p ( _! e>n+s to ! municipality1 !y are really "u municipal sup]vision1 & _! books & acc\nts are op5 to exam9ation by ! city at any "t4 ,^! companies are call$ quasi-municipal corporations4 ,indu/rial ,corporations ,z ! "n indicates1 indu/rial corporations are ^? t c>ry on our indu/ries4 ,!y are by f> ! l>ge/ class ( corporations & h among _! numb] "s v p[]ful companies1 ^: assets run up t[>d ! billions4 ,?is class ( corporations has n _h ! gradual1 /eady gr[? ( ! public utility corporations1 b 9 ! case ( ! mo/ successful1 ! gr[? has be5 amaz+4 ,! ,/&>d ,oil ,company = _m ye>s prior to its dissolution _h paid divid5ds on its capital /ock ( ab\t #ajj1jjj1jjj at ! rate ( #dj p] c5t a ye>4 ,! ,/eel ,corporation is said to h produc$ a ?\s& millionaires & is /ill produc+ !m4 ,?is class ( corporations has n be5 s closely "u ! sup]vision ( ! f$]al & municipal au?orities z ! railroads & public utility corporations1 & _! f9anc+ has be5 c>ri$ on 9 a loos] fa%ion ?an t ( ! o!r two classes4 ,= ?is reason ! securities ( ^! corporations are n g5]ally reg>d$ z highly z ^? ( ! o!r two4 ,h[ev]1 ! f$]al gov]nm5t has tak5 & is tak+ /eps to regulate ^! corporations1 & ?is w t5d to br+ !m ev5tually to ! /&>ds ( ! railroad & public utility corporations4 ,ex]cise #cjg ,oral ,expla9 c>efully3 #a4 ,:at is a corporation8 #b4 ,:at is a %>e ( /ock8 #c4 ,:at is a bond8 a security8 #d4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 p> & m>ket values4 #e4 ,:y d /ocks & bonds v>y 9 value8 #f4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 pref]r$ & common /ock8 #g4 ,:at are divid5ds8 #h4 ,:at is meant by wat]$ /ock8 #i4 ,:at are ! advantages ( a corporation ov] a p>tn]%ip8 #aj4 ,! foll[+ 0 copi$ f a morn+ pap]4 ,expla9 x4 ,! ,canadian ,we/+h\se ,company1 ,ltd41 decl>$ its regul> qu>t]ly divid5d ( #a & an extra divid5d ( #a on its /ock1 bo? payable ,jan4 #aj4 #aa4 ,expla9 ! foll[+ bond quotations3 ,,municipal ,,bonds ,security ,maturity ,yield p] c5t ab\t ,albany1 ,ga41 #e's ,nov4 #a1 #aida #d4ge ,k+ ,co41 ,wa%41 #d's ,nov4 #a1 #aica #d4ej ,,railroad ,,bonds ,at*ison1 ,topeka1 ,santa ,f1 g5]al ,oct4 #a1 #aiie #d4bj mortgage1 #d's ,l\isville & ,na%ville1 unifi$ ,feb4 #a1 #aidf #d4ce mortgage1 #d's ,,public ,,s]vice ,,corporation ,,bonds ,new ,york ,telephone ,co41 #d's ,nov4 #a1 #aici #d4ge ,*icago ,railways1 fir/ mortgage1 #e's ,feb4 #a1 #aibg #d4ii #ab4 ,:y are ! bonds ( successful public utility corporations a good inve/m5t8 #ac4 ,:i* company d y ?9k w\ld gr[ fa/]1 a light & p[] company or a gas company8 ,:at effect w\ld ! gr[? or ! failure to gr[ h on ! price ( ! /ocks ( ea*8 #ad4 ,%\ld a /reet c> company pay "p ( its e>n+s to ! city8 #ae4 ,if ! population ( a city d\bl$1 :at effect w\ld !re be on ! price ( public utility /ocks8 ,ex]cise #cjh ,topics = ,inve/igation & ,discussion #a4 ,h>ness+ our /reams to secure electric p[]4 #b4 ,! gr[? ( ! ,int]urban4 #c4 ,9 y\r own t[n3 a4 ,h gas rates increas$ or decreas$8 ,c y expla9 ! *ange8 b4 ,h electric light rates increas$ or decreas$8 ,c y expla9 ! *ange8 #d4 ,/reet railway1 electric light1 & gas company fran*ises4 #e4 ,! e>n+s ( ! /reet c> company 9 y\r city4 #f4 ,municipal own]%ip ( public utility corporations4 #g4 ,! effect ( m]g]s & consolidations ( big corporations4 #h4 ,! effect ( a tru/ on competition4 #i4 ,tru/s & prices4 #aj4 ,gov]nm5t suits aga9/ tru/s4 #aa4 ,! t>iff & ! /eel indu/ry1 ! wool indu/ry1 & ! sug> indu/ry4 #ab4 ,railroad rate increases4 ,ex]cise #cji ,write ! foll[+ f dictation3 #a ,9 ,new ,london1 ,connecticut1 /&s ! olde/ gri/ mill 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is a picturesque build+1 hav+ a wat] :eel l ! "o t x orig9ally us$ :5 ,new ,london 0 fir/ settl$4 ,! t[n 0 9 ! c5t] ( an agricultural community1 & a mill to gr9d corn 0 a ne$ t soon manife/$ itself to ! settl]s4 ,accord+ly1 9 #afej at a t[n meet+1 six m5 7 *os5 to build a mill4 ,john ,w9?rop & 8 heirs 7 grant$ ! "r to c>ry on ! gri/ mill z long z !y ma9ta9$ ! build+ plac$ 9 _! *>ge4 ,?is is "o ( ! fir/ monopolies record$ 9 ,new ,engl& hi/ory4 #b ,! same /&>ds by :i* a f>m+ or a manufactur+ inve/m5t may be judg$ are n applicable to a m9+ inve/m5t4 ,a f>m] may e>n eight p] c5t on 8 capital1 & ) c>e 8 inve/m5t may increase 9 value4 ,a manufactur] may e>n eight p] c5t on 8 inve/m5t1 &1 if he keeps up 8 ma*9]y1 8 bus9ess may be z valuable t5 ye>s1 or ev5 tw5ty ye>s1 h5ce2 b a m9e1 aft] ea* divid5d is paid1 is t mu* ne>] its end4 ,n[1 x is well kn[n among m9+ m5 t ! av]age life ( a gold or silv] m9e is "u1 r ?an ov]1 t5 ye>s4 ,!re are exceptions to ?is rule1 ( c\rse1 b1 grant+ t ! life ( a c]ta9 gold or silv] m9e is to be t5 ye>s1 !n1 9 ord] to pay back bo? pr9cipal & int]e/1 divid5ds ( at lea/ sixte5 p] c5t %\ld be di/ribut$4 ,copp] m9+1 ( :i* ! /ati/ics h be5 mo/ accurately kept 9 ,new ,york & ,bo/on1 (f]s _m inducem5ts to ! inve/or2 b too mu* c>e _c be tak5 9 ! matt] ( selection1 = copp] /ocks1 9 n a few in/ances1 h be5 boo/$ out ( all reason4 ,z ) gold & silv] m9es1 s x is ) copp] m9es4 ,!y h s mu* ore to beg9 )1 & aft] ea* divid5d are t mu* ne>] to ! day :5 !y w close d[n4 ,= su* m9es1 provid$ !y h a good lease ( life1 eight p] c5t or ev5 t5 p] c5t may be reg>d$ z only mod]ate returns4 ,^! are m]ely samples ( "s g5]al pr9ciples to be foll[$4--,rog] ,w4 ,babson4 #c ,de> ,sir3 ,at ! close ( a ye> :i* has pres5t$ _m p]plex+ problems1 n only to inve/ors & deal]s 9 bonds1 b also to borr[+ municipalities & corporations1 !re are sev]al factors 9 ! situation :i* 9 our op9ion (f] /rong enc\ragem5t to e "o 9 any way int]e/$ 9 bond inve/m5ts4 ,( special significance is ! m>k$ *ange 9 s5tim5t :i* has rec5tly tak5 place4 ,!re is e indication t ?is c\ntry ent]s ! new ye> ) an unusually sub/antial feel+ ( confid5ce4 ,:ile a notable increase 9 ! dem& = bonds w\ld und\bt$ly br+ out a l>ge am\nt ( new f9anc+1 on ! o!r h&1 !re has be5 an accumulation ( funds dur+ ! p]iod ( depress$ m>kets1 & x is g5]ally und]/ood t inve/m5t deal]s are c>ry+ comp>atively small am\nts ( bonds4 ,janu>y has an almo/ unbrok5 record ( high] av]age bond prices ?an ! av]age prices 9 ,decemb]4 ,x is n our int5tion to pr$ict an advance ?is ,janu>y1 al?\gh !re are unque/ionably _m reasons = anticipat+ at lea/ a mod]ate improvem5t2 b1 view+ ! "q 9 its broad] aspects1 we f9d _m conv9c+ argum5ts 9 favor ( ! pur*ase ( bonds at ?is "t4 ,x is recogniz$ t ! decl9e 9 prices has be5 due to a v>iety ( causes1 :i*1 except 9 a few individual cases1 are n ! result ( any depreciation 9 real values4 ,basic conditions are admitt$ly s\nd4 ,we1 accord+ly1 n only recomm5d ! judici\s pur*ase ( bonds = ! inve/m5t ( surplus funds1 b also sugge/ consid]ation ( ! advisability 9 "s cases ( conv]t+ %ort "t securities into long "t bonds4 ,:at conditions c\ld be m favorable f ! /&po9t ( ! pur*as] ( bonds ?an an extremely l[ level ( prices2 a wide-spread belief t fundam5tal conditions are s\nd2 a g5]al feel+ ( confid5ce t ! problems :i* h t5d$ to di/urb bus9ess dur+ ! pa/ ye> h be51 or are be+1 solv$2 & a conviction t we are ent]+ ^u a p]iod ( probable ease 9 money rates8 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,index ,,numb]s ,,ref] ,,to ,,pages ,a1 ,italian1 #i4 ,abbreviation1 objectionable1 ( ! introduction ( a lett]1 #bdb2 ( ! c\rte\s close1 #bdb4 ,abbreviations1 ( /ates1 #bf-bg2 ( comm]cial t]ms1 #bg-bh2 ( titles 9 lett]s1 #bce2 objectionable 9 ! body ( ! lett]1 #bdb4 ,able & ible1 #cc4 ,absolute use ( ! nom9ative case1 #fe4 ,ab/ract n\n1 def9$1 #eg4 ,acc5t1 indication (1 #ag2 words *ang+ mean+ ) *ange (1 #ag4 ,accept & except1 #ajb4 ,acc\nt1 op5+ an1 #bej2 lett]s = op5+ an1 #bej ff4 ,acc\nt+ dep>tm5t ( a railroad1 "w ( !1 #cfj-cfa4 ,active voice ( v]bs1 def9$1 #hd2 conjugation (1 #hh ff4 ,ad1 prefix1 #cb4 ,adjective1 !1 def9$1 #di2 & ! adv]b1 #ge ff42 foll[+ v]bs ( ! s5ses1 #ge2 clause1 #ed2 comp>ison (1 #gh4 ,adjective end+s1 peculi>1 #cc ff4 ,adjective modifi]s1 #di4 ,adjective pron\ns1 use (1 #fa4 ,adjectives & adv]bs1 confus$1 #ea2 incorrectly us$1 #ha-hb2 real & v1 #ha2 mo/ & almo/1 #ha4 ,adjectives1 punctuation ( s]ies (1 #aga ff4 ,adjectives to be di/+ui%$1 #hj-ha2 few] & less1 #hj2 almo/ & mo/1 #ha4 ,adv]b modifi]s1 #di4 ,adv]b1 !1 def9$1 #di2 & ! adjective1 #ge ff4 ,adv]bial1 clause1 #ed2 modifi]1 case (1 #ff4 ,adv]bs1 conjunctive1 #de2 & adjectives confus$1 #ea2 & prepositions confus$1 #eb2 ideas d5ot$ by1 #ge2 modify+ diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 #ge2 correct position (1 #gg2 absolute use (1 #gi2 incorrectly us$1 #ha-hb4 ,adv]tis$ articles1 classes (1 #caa4 ,adv]tisem5ts1 motives appeal$ to 91 #caa2 cat* phrases us$ 91 #cab2 sugge/ive names us$ 91 #cac2 good & bad headl9es =1 #cac2 ( /ill-life1 #cad2 )\t a def9ite c5t]1 #cae2 illu/rat+ ! pr9ciple ( balance1 #cae2 ex]cises to write1 #cae ff42 p>agraph topics deal+ )1 #cag ff42 "s examples (1 #cah ff4 ,adv]tis+1 #cjh ff42 importance (1 #cjh2 diff]5t =ms (1 #cji-caj2 fundam5tals (1 #caj-caa2 outl9e = debate on1 #ada ff42 bibliography =1 #cbj4 ,affect & effect1 #ajb-ajc4 ,affirmative ( debate on adv]tis+1 #ada ff4 ,aft]1 z preposition & conjunction1 #ee4 ,ag5t1 #acd1 #bii-cjj2 commission (1 #cbc4 ,agreem5t1 grammatical1 #ga-gb1 #he ff4 ,amusem5t1 motive appeal$ to 9 adv]tis+1 #caa4 ,analysis1 ^w1 #bi ff4 ,ance & ence1 #cd4 ,&1 9 comp\nd s5t5ce1 #de1 #agc ff42 9 s]ies1 punctuation )1 #aga ff42 us$ 9 jo9+ p>allel expressions1 #baa ff42 = to1 #aai2 excessive use (1 #abg-abh4 ,anglo-,saxon prefixes & suffixes1 #bi ff4 ,answ]+ compla9ts1 lett]s to be us$ 91 #beg ff4 ,ant & ent1 #cc4 ,antec$5ts1 unc]ta91 #bjg ff4 ,apo/rophe1 !1 us$ to =m ! possessive case1 #fg1 #fi1 #aei2 us$ to indicate ! omission ( lett]s1 #afj2 to %[ plural ( lett]s & figures1 #afj4 ,appeals made 9 adv]tisem5ts1 #caa-cab4 ,application1 lett]s (1 #bei ff4 ,appositives1 case (1 #fe1 #ff2 punctuation )1 #agi-ahj4 ,article1 incorrect omission ( 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bdb4 ,z1 case foll[+1 #aba2 a conjunction1 #abd2 foll[$ by an und]/ood v]b1 #abd2 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,z--z1 us$ 9 expressions /at+ equality1 #abe4 ,z foll[s1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,atlas1 /ory ( ! d]ivation (1 #e4 ,au?oriz$ capital /ock1 #cee4 ,baby blund]1 #dd4 ,balance1 pr9ciple (1 us$ 9 adv]tisem5ts1 #cae4 ,bank draft1 #cda-cdc4 ,bank+3 inconv5i5ce ( b>t]1 #ccb2 k9ds ( pap] money1 #ccb-ccc2 cr$it1 #ccc2 disc\nt1 #cce2 collat]al1 #cce2 promissory note1 #ccf2 =ms ( remittance1 #cch ff42 lett]s p]ta9+ to1 #cde ff42 topics = inve/igation & discussion1 #cdi-cej2 bibliography =1 #cej2 dictation ex]cises on1 #cej ff4 ,banks1 dep>tm5ts (1 #ccc2 ( deposit1 #ccd ff42 sav+s1 #ccd1 #ccf ff42 tru/ companies1 #ccd1 #ccg ff4 ,be1 conjugation1 indicative1 #ajd2 subjunctive1 #aab2 us$ to =m progressive t5ses1 #hh ff41 #aje2 us$ to =m passive voice1 #aje ff4 ,be=e1 us$ z preposition & conjunction1 #ee4 ,beg to /ate1 #bdc4 ,bibliography1 on manufacture1 #bhj2 on di/ribution1 #cjd-cje2 on adv]tis+1 #cbj2 on bank+1 #cej4 ,bill ( lad+1 #bhe2 /raight or ord]1 #bhe4 ,blund]1 baby1 #dd4 ,body ( ! lett]1 #bcb4 ,bonds1 #ceg ff42 r$emption (1 #ceh2 maturity (1 #ceh2 long p]iod1 #ceh2 %ort "t1 #ceh4 ,breve1 #i4 ,brevity 9 bus9ess lett]s1 mi/ak5 = concis5ess1 #aii4 ,bus9ess lett]s1 #bbi ff42 ess5tials (1 #bcj2 ! =m (1 #bca2 ! arrangem5t (1 #bcb2 cautions 9 writ+1 #bce ff42 directions = fold+1 #bch2 to ord] goods1 #bci2 ! tone (1 #bdj2 mi/ak5 ideas 9 writ+1 #bda ff42 to make sales1 #bdd2 to accompany a catalogue1 #bde ff42 to op5 an acc\nt1 #bej2 to make collections1 #bec ff42 to answ] compla9ts1 #beg ff42 apply+ = positions1 #bei ff42 =m1 #bfd2 circul> & foll[-up1 #bfd ff4 ,bus9ess news1 to sugge/ topics = talks1 #aee4 ,bus9ess ?9k+1 importance (1 #b4 c & g1 pronunciation (1 #bd4 ,c & may1 #ajb4 ,capital /ock1 expla9$1 #cec2 pref]r$1 #cee2 common1 #cee2 p> & m>ket values (1 #cee ff4 ,capitals1 use (1 #afj ff4 ,c>et1 !1 #i4 ,c>ri]s1 common1 #bhd4 ,case1 def9$1 #fd2 nom9ative1 #fd ff42 objective1 #fd1 #ff2 possessive1 #fd1 #fg2 ex]cise 91 #gj ff42 foll[+ prepositions1 #ff1 #aai4 ,cause & effect1 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbc4 ,caution1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,cautions 9 writ+ bus9ess lett]s1 #bce ff4 ,c$e1 ce$1 s$e1 #cd4 ,c]tificate1 ! gold1 #ccb2 ! silv]1 #ccb4 ,c]tifi$ *eck1 !1 #cci-cdj4 ,*eck1 !1 #cch ff42 p]sonal1 #cci2 c]tifi$1 #cci-cdj4 ,*oos+ subjects1 sugge/ions =1 #adf ff4 ,cion1 sion1 tion1 #cd4 ,ci\s1 ti\s1 #cc4 ,circul> lett]s1 #bfd ff4 ,class pap]1 sugge/ions = a1 #aef4 ,classes ( adv]tisem5ts1 #caa4 ,clause1 !1 def9$1 #db2 pr9cipal1 #db2 subord9ate1 #db2 incorrectly us$ z a s5t5ce1 #de2 introductory words =1 #ed2 adjective1 #ed2 adv]b1 #ed2 n\n1 #ed2 modifi]s1 #ed2 introduc$ by ?an or z1 #aba2 initial1 punctuation (1 #agf2 re/rictive & non-re/rictive1 #ei-fj2 punctuation ( relative1 #ahe ff42 com+ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 punctuation (1 #ahh-ahi2 incomplete1 #bje-bjf2 misplac$1 #bji ff4 ,clauses1 punctuation ( s]ies (1 #aga ff4 ,cle> title to prop]ty1 expla9$1 #cbb4 ,cle>+ h\se1 daily r\t9e (1 #cej-cea4 ,cle>ness ( ! s5t5ce1 mi/akes t prev5t3 dangl+ expressions1 #bje ff42 pron\ns ) unc]ta9 antec$5ts1 #bjg ff42 misplac$ modifi]s1 #bji-baj2 omission ( necess>y words1 #baj-baa2 %ift ( con/ruction1 #baa ff4 ,close1 c\rte\s1 ( bus9ess lett]s1 #bcb1 #bcg4 ,coh]5ce betwe5 s5t5ces1 #abg-abh2 #bbd ff42 betwe5 p>agraphs1 #bbd ff4 ,collat]al1 #cce-ccf4 ,collection lett]s1 #bec ff4 ,collective n\n1 def9$1 #eg4 ,colon1 use ( !1 #aid4 ,colonization1 #cjg4 ,comb9ation ( %ort s5t5ces to secure unity1 #bjb ff4 ,com=t1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,comma fault1 !1 #dd ff4 ,comma1 use ( !1 9 direct quotations1 #afc ff42 9 s]ies1 #aga ff42 9 comp\nd s5t5ces1 #de1 #agc ff42 to set (f initial clauses or p>ticipial phrases1 #age ff42 to sep>ate ! mon? f ! ye>1 etc41 #agh2 to indicate ! omission ( words1 #agh2 to set (f appositives1 #agi ff42 to set (f p>5!tical expressions1 #ahj ff42 to set (f indep5d5t elem5ts1 #ahb ff42 to set (f non-re/rictive clauses1 #ahe ff42 to set (f modifi]s com+ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 #ahh ff4 ,comm& us$ 9 good headl9es ( adv]tisem5ts1 #cac4 ,comm]cial dep>tm5t ( a bank1 #ccc4 ,comm]cial t]ms1 abbreviations (1 #bg-bh4 ,commission1 ag5t's1 #cbc4 ,common c>ri]s1 #bhd4 ,common n\n1 def9$1 #eg4 ,common /ock1 #cee4 ,companies1 k9ds (1 #bgc4 ,company1 ! /eam%ip1 #bhd2 ! railroad1 #bhd ff4 7,see ,corporation1 #cec ff47 ,comp>ative degree1 ( adjectives1 #gh2 ( adv]bs1 #gi4 ,comp>ison & contra/1 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbc4 ,comp>ison1 ( adjectives1 #gh2 ( adv]bs1 #gi2 negative1 #abe4 ,compla9t1 lett]s answ]+1 #beg ff4 ,complem5t1 subjective1 #fe4 ,complex s5t5ce1 def9$1 #db4 ,composition1 oral & writt51 #abg ff4 ,comp\nd n\ns1 plural (1 #bj4 ,comp\nd relatives1 #ei4 ,comp\nd s5t5ce1 def9$1 #db2 punctuation (1 #de1 #agc ff4 ,con1 prefix1 #cb4 ,concis5ess ( expression1 #aii4 ,cond5sation to secure cle>ness1 #bjj4 ,conjugation1 ( write1 active voice1 #hh ff42 ( be1 #ajd ff42 ( foll[1 passive voice1 #aje ff4 ,conjunction1 & ! preposition1 #aaf ff4 ,conjunctions4 ,cord9ate1 #de2 punctuation )1 #de1 #agc ff42 di/+ui%$ f conjunctive adv]bs1 #de4 ,subord9ate1 li/ (1 #ed2 ?an & z1 #aba4 ,correlative1 #abb4 ,conjunctive adv]bs1 #de2 di/+ui%$ f cord9ate conjunctions1 #de2 punctuation )1 #de4 ,connection1 smoo?1 #abg-abh1 #bbd ff42 me?ods ( secur+1 #bbd ff4 ,cons]vation1 #aia-aib4 ,consignee1 #bhe4 ,consonant1 f9al1 d\bl+ (1 #bb2 sil5t1 words conta9+1 #aa4 ,con/ruction1 lett]s deal+ ) contract =1 #bfc2 %ift (1 #baa4 ,contract1 lett]s deal+ )1 = pa9t+ iron-"w1 #bfb2 = ! deliv]y ( prop]ty1 #bfc2 = con/ruction1 #bfc4 ,contraction1 apo/rophe us$ )1 #afj4 ,cord9ate conjunctions1 #de2 punctuation )1 #de1 #agc ff4 ,cord9ate expressions1 #abb ff4 ,copulative v]bs1 def9$1 #hc4 ,corporate organization1 #cei4 ,corporation1 !1 #cec ff42 f9ances (1 #ced2 capital /ock (1 #ced ff42 divid5ds (1 #cee2 /ockhold]s (1 #cee2 bonds (1 #ceg ff42 organization (1 #cei2 directors (1 #cei2 railroad1 #cfj-cfa2 public utility1 #cfa-cfb2 indu/rial1 #cfc2 topics = inve/igation & discussion on1 #cfe2 dictation ex]cises on1 #cfe ff4 ,correlatives1 def9$1 #abb2 correct position ( ) cord9ate expressions1 #abb-abc2 ei!r--or & nei!r--nor1 #abc4 ,co/ ( liv+1 p>agraph on1 #agc4 ,cotton se$1 p>agraph on1 #agf4 ,cotton 9 ! ,s\dan1 p>agraph1 #aha4 ,c\ld & might1 #ajb4 ,c\rte\s close1 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bcb1 #bcg4 ,c\rtesy 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bca1 #bdj4 ,cr$it1 #ccc4 ,cr$it lett]s1 #bej ff4 ,curr5cy1 bill1 #ccc2 legislation1 #ccc1 #cdi4 ,curr5t ev5ts1 to sugge/ subjects = talks1 #aee4 ,dangl+ expressions1 #bje ff4 ,da%1 use (1 #aie ff42 too free use ( 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bdc1 #bdg4 ,dead lett] sale1 #aij4 ,debate1 outl9e = a1 #ada ff42 subjects =1 #aci ff41 #add2 on manufacture1 sugge/ions =1 #bge2 on di/ribution1 #bij1 #cjb4 ,debat+1 #acg ff42 proposition =1 #acg2 six rules =1 #acg ff42 false conclusions 91 #ach2 irrelevant matt] 91 #ach4 ,decl>ative s5t5ce1 def9$1 #da4 ,decl5sion ( pron\ns1 p]sonal1 #eh2 relative1 #ei2 int]rogative1 #fj4 ,de$1 #cbb4 ,degrees ( comp>ison1 #gh-gi4 ,demon/rative pron\ns1 #fj4 ,dep>tm5ts1 ( banks1 #ccc2 ( railroads1 #cfj4 ,deposit1 banks (1 #ccd2 slip1 #ccd4 ,details1 explanatory1 necess>y to secure int]e/1 #adg2 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbb4 ,developm5t ( p>agraphs1 me?ods (1 #bbb-bbc4 dg1 words conta9+1 #be4 ,diacritical m>ks1 #h1 #aj4 ,dia]esis1 #i4 ,dialogue1 p>agraph+ 91 #afh ff4 ,dictation ex]cises1 = s]ies1 #aga2 = comp\nd s5t5ces1 #agc-agd2 = initial clauses or p>ticipial phrases1 #agf2 = p>5!tical expressions1 #ahj-aha2 = indep5d5t elem5ts1 #ahb-ahc2 = non-re/rictive relative clauses1 #ahf2 = ! semicolon1 #aic-aid2 on manufacture1 #bhj-bha2 on di/ribution1 #cje ff42 on real e/ate1 #cbi ff42 on bank+1 #cej ff42 on corporations1 #cfe ff4 ,direct disc\rse1 #afc ff42 use ( comma 91 #agj4 ,directors ( corporations1 #cei4 ,disc\nt1 #cce4 ,disc\rse1 direct1 #afc ff42 indirect1 #aff ff4 ,discussion & inve/igation topics1 on manufacture1 #bgh-bgi2 on di/ribution1 #cjd2 on real e/ate1 #cbg2 on bank+1 #cdi-cej2 on ! corporation1 #cfe4 ,di%wa%]1 lett]s to sell a1 #bfe ff4 ,di/ribution4 ,transportation an ess5tial elem5t1 #bhc ff42 ! /eam%ip company1 #bhd2 ! railroad company1 #bhd ff42 ! retail m]*ant1 #bhf ff42 ! :olesale m]*ant1 #bia ff42 ! mail ord] m]*ant1 #bie ff42 ! salesman1 #bih ff42 sugge/ions = debates1 #cjb2 subjects = p>agraphs1 #cjc ff42 topics = inve/igation & discussion1 #cjd2 bibliography1 #cjd ff42 dictation ex]cises1 #cje ff4 ,divid5ds1 #cee4 ,divid+ a subject into its natural divisions1 #adi ff4 ,dot1 #i4 ,d\ble relative1 #ei4 ,d\bl+ f9al consonants1 rule =1 #bb4 ,draft1 bank1 #cda ff42 "t1 #cdc-cdd2 sight1 #cdd-cde4 ,dropp+ ( f9al e1 #bb1 #be4 ,druggi/1 outl9e ( adv]tis+ lett]s s5t by1 #bfh-bfi4 ,durability1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,e1 f9al1 reta9$1 #be4 ,ea*1 e1 #fb1 #hf 7#c7 ,economy1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,effect & affect1 #ajb4 ,effici5cy1 (fice1 #bag2 /5ographic1 #bag4 ei or ie1 #bd4 ,ei!r--or1 #abc4 ,electric wa%+ ma*9e1 outl9e ( lett]s to sell1 #bfi4 ,elem5ts1 indep5d5t1 case (1 #fe2 punctuation (1 #ahb4 ,emphatic pron\ns1 #ei4 ,emulation1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ence & ance1 #cd4 ,end+s1 peculi> adjective1 #cc2 peculi> n\n & v]b1 #cd4 ,endors+ a *eck1 me?ods (1 #cdj4 ,engli%1 oral1 #a1 #abg ff42 writt51 #a4 7,see ,punctuation1 ,! ,cle> ,s5t5ce1 ,bus9ess ,lett]s47 ent1 #cc4 ,en?usiasm 9 bus9ess1 #bcj4 e\s1 #cc4 ,ess5tials1 ( a sales lett]1 #bcj2 9 manufacture1 #bgb-bgc2 ( an adv]tisem5t1 #caj-caa4 ,e1 numb] (1 #hf4 ,examples & illu/rations1 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbb4 ,examples ( adv]tisem5ts1 #cah ff4 ,except1 a preposition1 #abd2 incorrectly us$ z a conjunction1 #abd4 ,except & accept1 #ajb4 ,exclamation m>k1 use (1 #afb4 ,exclamatory s5t5ce1 def9$1 #da4 ,explanatory details1 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbb4 ,explanatory expressions1 punctuation (1 #agi ff4 ,appositives1 #agi2 p>5!tical expressions1 #ahj2 indep5d5t elem5ts1 #ahb2 explanatory relative clauses1 punctuation (1 #ahe2 subord9ate elem5ts com+ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 #ahh4 ,exports 9 cattle1 p>agraph on1 #gf4 ,express money ord]1 #cdj-cda4 ,expression1 concis5ess (1 #aii2 v>iety (1 #aaa4 f1 & fe1 plurals ( n\ns end+ 91 #ai4 ,false conclusions 9 debat+1 #acg-ach4 ,f>m l&s1 #cbe ff42 outl9e ( lett]s to sell1 #bfg-bfh2 lett]s p]ta9+ to1 #cbe ff42 topics = inve/igation & discussion on1 #cbg2 dictation ex]cises on1 #cbi ff4 ,f>m re=m1 #cbi4 ,f>m+ specials1 #ccj4 ,favor1 y\r e/eem$1 & simil> expressions1 to avoid1 #bdc4 ,fee simple1 #cbb4 ,few] & less1 #hj4 ,figures1 plural (1 #bj1 #afj4 ,f9al consonant1 rule = d\bl+1 #bb4 ,f9al e1 dropp$1 #bb1 #be2 reta9$1 #be-bf4 ,f9ance dep>tm5t ( a railroad1 #cfj-cfa4 ,f9ances ( a corporation1 #ced4 ,fly1 fl[1 flee1 #aja4 ,fold+ a lett]1 directions =1 #bch4 ,foll[1 conjugation ( 9 ! passive voice1 #aje ff42 synopsis (1 passive1 #ajf4 ,foll[+1 !1 punctuation aft]1 #aie4 ,foll[-up lett]1 !1 #bfd ff4 ,=1 z preposition & conjunction1 #ee4 ,=eclos+ a mortgage1 #cbb4 ,=eign plurals1 #ba4 ,=eign news1 to sugge/ subjects = talks1 #aee4 ,= example1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,= in/ance1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,=m lett]1 !1 #bfd4 ,=m ( ! bus9ess lett]1 #bca4 ,=mation1 ( p>ticiples1 #ba ff42 ( possessive case1 #fg2 ( inf9itives1 #aaj4 ,freight bill1 #bhf4 ,freight1 receipt =1 #bhe4 ,furniture1 outl9e ( lett]s to sell1 #bfi4 ,future t5se1 #hh ff42 progressive1 #hi2 p]fect1 #ij4 ,g1 pronunciation (1 #bd4 ,gas mantles1 p>agraph on1 #bhj-bha4 ,gold c]tificates1 #ccb4 ,good & bad headl9es 9 adv]tisem5ts1 #cac-cad4 ,gov]nm5t's ,laundry1 !1 #agc-agd4 ,greek roots1 #cj4 ,_h ought1 #ajc4 ,hammock p>agraph1 #baf4 ,h & (1 #aai4 ,head+ ( ! bus9ess lett]1 #bcb1 #bce4 ,headl9es ( adv]tisem5ts1 good & bad1 #cac-cad4 ,heal?1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,h]culean1 #e4 ,homonyms1 #ad-ae4 ,h[ to advance1 p>agraph on1 #agg4 ,hop+ & simil> expressions1 to avoid1 #bdb-bdc4 ,hyph51 use (1 #aif4 ,ible1 #cc4 ,ideas1 mi/ak51 9 lett] writ+1 #bda ff4 ie or ei1 #bd4 ,illu/rations & examples1 p>agraphs develop$ by1 #bbb4 ,imp]ative s5t5ce1 def9$1 #da4 ,91 prefix1 #cc4 ,income ( railroads1 #cfj4 ,incorrectly us$1 n\ns & pron\ns1 #gc-gd2 adjectives & adv]bs1 #ha-hb2 v]bs1 #aad-aae2 prepositions1 #aah-aai4 ,indef9ite x or !y1 #bjg ff4 ,indef9ite pron\ns1 #fa2 us$ z adjectives1 #fa4 ,indep5d5t elem5ts1 case (1 #fe2 punctuation (1 #ahb4 ,indicative mode1 def9$1 #aab2 ( be1 #aab4 ,indirect disc\rse1 #aff ff4 ,indirect object1 #ff4 ,indu/rial corporations1 #cfc4 ,indu/ry1 #bgc4 ,inf9itive1 def9$1 #aji2 t5ses & voices (1 #aaj2 split1 #gg1 #bji4 ,initial clause or p>ticipial phrase1 punctuation (1 #agf4 ,insurance1 #cbg ff42 lett]s p]ta9+ to1 #cbh ff4 ,insurance & real e/ate1 #cba ff4 ,int]e/+ words1 #a ff4 ,int]jection1 #di2 ,o1 #afa4 ,int]rogation m>k1 use (1 #afb2 position ( ) quotation m>ks1 #afc ff4 ,int]rogative pron\ns1 decl9$1 #fj4 ,int]rogative s5t5ce1 #da4 ,intransitive v]b1 #hc4 ,introduction ( ! lett]1 #bcb1 #bce-bcf4 ,inve/igation & discussion1 topics =1 on manufacture1 #bgh-bgi2 on di/ribution1 #cjd2 on real e/ate1 #cbg2 on bank+1 #cdi-cej2 on ! corporation1 #cfe4 ,inve/m5ts1 m9+1 #cfe-cff4 ,inve/ors1 #ahd1 #ahe4 i\s1 #cc4 ,irregul> plurals ( n\ns1 #ai4 ,irregul> v]bs1 pr9cipal p>ts (1 #ie ff4 ise1 ize1 yze1 #cd4 ,x us$ indef9itely1 #bjg ff4 ,italic1 d]ivation (1 #c4 ,italian a1 #i4 ,its & x's1 #afj ff4 k1 ins]tion (1 #be4 ,k9dly1 abuse (1 #bdc4 ,labor1 #bgd4 ,local news1 to sugge/ subjects = talks1 #aee4 ,l& bus9ess1 !1 #cbe ff4 ,lat9-,am]ican trade1 !1 #cjf4 ,lat9 prefixes & suffixes1 #ca4 ,lay & lie1 #ajj-aja4 ,le>n & tea*1 #aja4 ,lease1 #cba4 ,lea/1 us$ 9 ! sup]lative degree1 #gh4 ,legal dep>tm5t ( a railroad1 #cfj-cfa4 ,l5g? ( good headl9es 9 adv]tisem5ts1 #cac4 ,less & few]1 #hj4 ,lett] beg9n+s1 #bdj1 #bdg1 #bdh-bdi4 ,lett]1 to inve/ors1 #dg2 to accompany a /yle book1 #agb2 to sell a trip on ! wat]1 #ahc-ahd2 to sell a h\se coat1 #bba-bbb2 ord]+ goods1 #bci2 f ,a4 ,l9coln to ,mrs4 ,bixby1 #bdj-bda2 to accompany a catalogue1 #bde ff42 to sell *eese1 #bdf2 to sell h+$ pap]1 #bdg-bdh2 to op5 an acc\nt1 #bej-bea2 cr$it1 #bea-beb2 reque/+ paym5t1 #bed ff42 answ]+ a compla9t1 #beg-beh2 ( application1 #bfj-bfa2 foll[-up1 #bfe ff42 f a bank1 solicit+ a tru/ 7to be punctuat$71 #cdh-cdi2 m>ket1 #cff4 ,lett]s1 plurals (1 #bj4 ,lett]s1 bus9ess1 9 ! manufactur+ bus9ess1 #bgf ff42 9 ! retail bus9ess1 #bhg ff42 9 ! :olesale bus9ess1 #bib ff42 9 ! mail ord] bus9ess1 #bie ff42 to help ! salesman1 #cja2 p]ta9+ to bank+1 #cde ff4 7,see ,bus9ess lett]s1 ,lett]47 ,lie & lay1 #ajj-aja4 ,l1 foll[$ by ! objective case1 #abd4 ,loose & lose1 #ajc4 ,lose & loose1 #ajc4 ,luck & labor1 p>agraph on1 #agd4 ,macron1 !1 #i4 ,magaz9e adv]tis+1 #caa ff4 ,mail ord] bus9ess1 !1 #bie ff44 ,manufacture1 #bgj ff42 ess5tials 91 #bgb-bgc2 subjects = !mes on1 #bge2 sugge/ions = debates on1 #bge2 lett]s 91 #bgf ff42 topics = inve/igation & discussions on1 #bgh ff42 bibliography =1 #bhj2 dictation ex]cises 91 #bhj ff4 ,m>ket lett]1 #cff4 ,m>ket value1 #cee ff4 ,m>ks1 diacritical1 #g2 "q1 #afb2 quotation1 #afc ff4 ,mat]ials1 raw1 #bgd4 ,maturity ( bonds1 #ceh1 #cfd4 ,may & c1 #ajb4 ,m]*ant1 ! retail1 #bhf ff42 ! :olesale1 #bia ff42 ! mail ord]1 #bie ff4 ,me?ods ( endors+ a *eck1 #cdj4 ,might & c\ld1 #ajb4 ,m9+ inve/m5t1 pr9ciples (1 #cfe4 ,misplac$ modifi]s1 #bji-baj4 ,mispron\nc$1 words commonly1 #ac1 #ag4 ,mi/ak5 ideas 9 lett] writ+1 #bda ff4 ,mode1 def9$1 #aab2 indicative & subjunctive ( be1 #aab2 subjunctive d5ot+ possibility1 #aac4 ,model lett]s4 7,see ,lett]47 ,mod]n bus9ess done by lett]1 #bbi ff4 ,modifi]s1 adjective & adv]b1 ^w1 #di2 phrase1 #eb ff42 clause1 #ed-ee2 us$ to secure unity1 #bjb2 misplac$1 #bji-baj4 ,money1 #ccb2 k9ds ( pap]1 #ccb ff42 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,money ord]1 express1 #cdj-cda2 po/al1 #cda4 ,monosyllables end+ 9 sil5t e1 #i4 ,mon? f ye>1 comma us$ to sep>ate1 #agh4 ,m or less1 us$ 9 ! comp>ative degree1 #gh4 ,mortgage1 #cbb1 #ceg ff42 =eclos+ a1 #cbb4 ,mo/ or lea/1 us$ 9 ! sup]lative degree1 #gh4 ,motives to :i* adv]tisem5ts appeal1 #caa4 ,namely1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,names1 sugge/ive1 9 adv]tis+1 #cac4 ,national bank notes1 #ccc4 ,national news1 to sugge/ subjects = talks1 #aee4 ,necess>y words1 omission (1 #baj-baa4 ,ne$1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,negative comp>ison1 #abe4 ,negative1 outl9e = a debate on adv]tis+1 #adc ff4 ,nei!r--nor1 #abc4 ,news1 to sugge/ topics = talks1 #aee4 ,nom9ative absolute1 #fe4 ,nom9ative case1 #fd ff42 z subject1 #fd2 z subjective complem5t 7pr$icate nom9ative71 #fe2 z appositive1 #fe2 indep5d5t1 #fe2 absolute1 #fe4 ,nor1 #abc4 ,notes1 #cei2 promissory1 #ccf4 ,n\n1 def9$1 #di2 clause1 #ed2 & ! pron\n1 #eg ff42 common1 #eg2 prop]1 #eg2 collective1 #eg2 ab/ract1 #eg2 v]bal1 #eg2 modifi$ by e & simil> words1 #hf2 collective1 numb] (1 #hf4 ,n\ns1 rules = plurals (1 regul>1 #ah2 end+ 9 y1 #ai2 end+ 9 o1 #ai2 end+ 9 f & fe1 #ai2 irregul>1 #ai-bj2 comp\nd1 #bj2 =eign1 #ba2 possessive case (1 #fg2 incorrectly us$1 #gc-gd2 jo9$ by or1 #hf2 punctuation ( s]ies (1 #aga ff4 ,numb] ( v]b1 #hf4 ,o1 capitalization (1 #afa4 o1 plural ( n\ns end+ 91 #ai4 ,object1 ( a preposition1 #ee1 #ff2 ( a transitive v]b1 #ff2 indirect1 #ff2 second1 #ff4 ,objective case1 #fd1 #ff2 z direct object ( a transitive v]b1 #ff2 z object ( a preposition1 #ff1 #aai2 z indirect object1 #ff2 z second object1 #ff2 z appositive1 #ff2 z adv]bial modifi]1 #ff2 foll[+ l1 #abd4 ,obs]vation1 subjects tak5 f1 #adf ff4 ,obsolete words1 #c4 ,( & h1 #aai4 ,( phrase sub/itut$ = ! possessive case1 #fg4 ,oh1 #afa4 ,omission1 ( lett]s1 #afj2 ( necess>y words1 #baj ff42 ( subject 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bdb4 ,op5+ an acc\nt1 lett]s =1 #bdj ff4 ,op]at+ dep>tm5t ( a railroad1 #cfj4 ,oral ,engli%1 ex]cises 91 #abg ff4 ,oral expression1 #abg ff42 v>iety (1 #aaa4 ,oral reproduction1 f magaz9es1 #adg2 f newspap]s1 #aed ff4 ,oral ex]cises1 9 g5]al1 #abg ff42 on manufacture1 #bgc ff42 9 ! retail trade1 #bhf2 9 ! :olesale trade1 #bij ff42 9 ! mail ord] bus9ess1 #bie2 9 connection ) ! salesman1 #bii ff4 ,ord] bill ( lad+1 #bhe4 ,ord]+ goods1 lett] =1 #bci4 ,ord]1 express money1 #cdj-cda2 po/al money1 #cda4 ,organization1 corporate1 #cei2 ( a railroad1 #cfj4 ,outl9e1 = a debate1 #ada ff42 h[ to make an1 #aea ff4 ,pap] money1 k9ds (1 #ccb ff4 ,p>agraph1 !1 #bae ff42 9 dialogue1 #afh ff42 prop] l5g? (1 #bae-baf2 topic s5t5ce 91 #baf ff42 hammock1 #baf2 h[ develop$1 #bbb-bbc4 ,p>agraphs on1 ,sacram5to ,city1 #dh2 exports 9 cattle1 #gf2 co/ ( liv+1 #agc2 ! gov]nm5t's laundry1 #agc-agd2 luck & labor1 #agd2 sawdu/1 #agd-age2 a new k9d ( wood1 #age2 hogs z mortgage lift]s1 #age2 cotton se$1 #agf2 mak+ pap]1 #agf-agg2 h[ to advance1 #agg2 bubonic plague1 #agg2 politics ( a city1 #aha2 cotton 9 ! ,s\dan1 #aha2 ! yell[ invasion1 #ahb2 sav+1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #aic2 inve/ors1 #ahd1 #ahe2 ,*icago's milk supply1 #ahf2 ! dead lett] sale1 #aij2 indu/ries1 controll$1 #aic2 ! secret blott]1 #aig2 a mummy's doll1 #aih2 (fice effici5cy1 #bag2 /5ographic effici5cy1 #bag2 bus9ess c\rtesy1 #bah2 ! rural l&scape ( ,norway1 #bah2 ! ,spectator1 #bah-bai2 income1 #bbe2 gas mantles1 #bhj-bha2 production ( wool1 #bha2 ca/+ metals1 #bha2 transportation1 #cje2 ! ,lat9-,am]ican trade1 #cjf2 ! p>cel po/ 9 ,africa1 #cjf2 ! rem$y = wrecks1 #cjf-cjg2 colonization1 #cjg2 f>m re=m1 #cbi2 f>m+ specials1 #ccj2 selection ( se$1 #ccj-cca2 ! cle>+ h\se1 #cej-cea2 wa%$ money1 #cea-ceb2 an e>ly monopoly1 #cfe2 m9+ inve/m5ts1 #cfe-cff4 ,p>agraphs1 subjects =4 ,see ,subjects4 ,p>5!sis m>ks1 use (1 #aif2 wrongly us$ to cancel expressions1 #aif4 ,p>5!tical expressions1 punctuation (1 #ahj ff4 ,p>ticiple1 def9$1 #aji2 t5ses & voices (1 #aji2 ! dangl+1 #bje-bjf4 ,p>ticiples1 =mation (1 #ba2 ( v]bs 9 y1 #bc4 ,p>ticipial phrases1 punctuation (1 #agf ff42 #ahh ff4 ,p>ts ( spee*3 ,! n\n & ! pron\n1 #di1 #eg ff42 ! adjective & ! adv]b1 #di1 #ge1 ff42 ! v]b1 #di1 #hc ff42 ! preposition & ! conjunction1 #di1 #aaf ff42 ! int]jection1 #di4 ,p>ts1 pr9cipal1 ( irregul> v]bs1 #ie ff4 ,p> value1 #cee4 ,passive voice1 def9$1 #hd2 conjugation ( foll[1 9 !1 #aje ff42 synopsis ( foll[ 9 !1 #ajf4 ,pa/ t5se1 #hh2 progressive =m (1 #hi2 emphatic =m (1 #hi2 p]fect1 #ij4 ,paym5t1 lett]s reque/+1 #bec ff4 ,p]fect t5ses1 #hi ff4 ,p]iod1 use (1 #afb4 ,p]sonal pron\ns decl9$1 #eh4 ,p]sonality ess5tial 9 a salesman1 #bih4 ,p]sons ( ! pron\ns1 #eh4 ,phrase modifi]s1 #eb ff4 ,phrases1 prepositional1 #eb ff42 adv]bial1 #eb-ec2 adjective1 #eb-ec2 classification (1 #aaj2 punctuation ( s]ies (1 #aga ff42 initial p>ticipial1 punctuation (1 #agf2 incorrectly us$ z a s5t5ce1 #de1 #bdb4 ,plurals1 ( n\ns1 #ah ff42 ( lett]s & figures1 #bj1 #afj2 ( =eign n\ns1 #ba4 ,positive degree1 #gh1 #gi4 ,possessive case1 #fd1 #fg2 rules = =m+1 #fg2 sep>ate possession1 9 !1 #fg2 ) v]bal n\ns1 #fg ff42 ( phrase sub/itut$ =1 #fg2 use ( ! apo/rophe 9 !1 #aei4 ,possibility1 use ( ! subjunctive mode to %[1 #aac ff4 ,po/al money ord]1 #cda4 ,pr$icate1 ( ! s5t5ce1 #da2 nom9ative1 #fe4 ,pref]r$ /ock1 #cee4 ,prefix1 usually con/itut+ a syllable1 #af2 ,anglo-,saxon1 #bi2 ,lat91 #ca2 ad1 con1 & 91 #cb-cc4 ,pres5t t5se1 #hh2 progressive1 #hh2 emphatic1 #hh2 p]fect1 #hi4 ,preposition1 def9$1 #di2 phrase introduc$ by1 #eb2 foll[$ by ! objective case1 #ff1 #aai2 & ! conjunction1 #aaf ff42 ! wrong1 #aai2 necess>y1 #aai4 ,prepositional phrases1 #eb-ec4 ,prepositions1 & adv]bs confus$1 #eb2 li/ (1 #ec2 us$ ) c]ta9 v]bs1 #aaf-aag2 incorrectly us$1 #aah-aai4 ,pride1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,pr9cipal clauses1 #db4 ,pr9cipal p>ts ( irregul> v]bs1 #ie ff4 ,progressive t5ses1 #hh ff42 #aje4 ,promissory note1 #cce4 ,pronom9al adjectives1 #fj4 ,pron\n1 def9$1 #di2 & ! n\n1 #eg ff42 incorrect use ( same z a pron\n1 #gb-gc4 ,pron\ns1 #eh ff42 p]sonal1 decl9$1 #eh2 emphatic1 #ei2 reflexive1 #ei2 li/ ( relative1 #ed2 decl5sion ( relative1 #ei2 comp\nd relative1 #ei2 d\ble relative1 #ei2 re/rictive relative1 #ei ff42 int]rogative decl9$1 #fj2 demon/rative1 #fj2 indef9ite1 #fa2 adjective1 #fa2 possessive 9 =m1 n 9 use1 #ei 7note72 incorrectly us$1 #gc ff42 jo9$ by or1 #hf4 ,pronunciation1 #g ff42 slurr+ syllables 91 #g2 ( c & g1 #bd4 ,prop] n\n1 def9$1 #eg2 capitalization (1 #eg1 #afa4 ,proposition = debate1 #acg4 ,public utility corporations1 #cfa ff4 ,punctuation1 #aeh ff42 apo/rophe1 #aei ff42 capitals1 #afj ff42 p]iod1 #afb2 int]rogation m>k1 #afb2 exclamation m>k1 #afb2 quotation m>ks1 #afc ff42 comma1 #agj ff42 semicolon1 #aib ff42 colon1 #aid ff42 da%1 #aie ff42 p>5!sis m>ks1 #aif2 hyph51 #aif ff42 ( s]ies1 #agj ff42 ( comp\nd s5t5ces1 #de1 #agc ff42 ( initial clause or p>ticipial phrase1 #age ff42 ( explanatory expressions1 #agi ff42 aft] z foll[s1 etc41 #aie2 aft] namely1 etc41 #aie4 ,quality1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa-cab4 ,que/ions = discussion on1 manufacture1 #bgc-bgd2 ! retail m]*ant1 #bhf-bhg2 ! :olesale m]*ant1 #bia-bib2 ! mail ord] m]*ant1 #bie2 adv]tis+1 #cji-caj2 real e/ate1 #cbc2 ! corporation1 #cfc-cfd4 ,quitclaim de$1 #cbb4 ,quotation m>ks1 use (1 #afc ff4 ,quotations1 use ( comma 91 #agj ff4 ,railroad1 !1 #cfj2 s\rces ( income (1 #cfj2 organization (1 #cfj2 dep>tm5ts (1 #cfj ff4 ,railroad company1 !1 #bhd1 #cfj4 ,raise & rise1 #aja4 ,raw mat]ials1 #bgd4 ,read+1 subjects tak5 f1 #adg ff4 ,real & v1 #ha4 ,real e/ate & insurance1 #cba4 ,real e/ate bus9ess1 #cba ff4 ,r5t1 #cba2 lease1 #cba2 w>ranty de$1 #cbb2 quitclaim de$1 #cbb2 cle> title1 #cbb2 fee simple1 #cbb2 mortgage1 #cbb2 =eclos+ a mortgage1 #cbb2 ag5t & commission1 #cbc2 lett]s 91 #cbd ff42 topics = inve/igation & discussion1 #cbg4 ,receipt = freight1 #bhe4 ,r$emption ( bonds1 #ceh4 ,reflexive pron\ns1 #ei4 ,re=m1 f>m1 #cbi4 ,relative pron\ns1 li/ (1 #ed1 #ei2 decl9$1 #ei2 d\ble1 #ei2 re/rictive1 #ei ff42 comp\nd1 #ei4 ,relative value ( diff]5t =ms ( adv]tis+1 #caj4 ,rem$y = wrecks1 #cjf-cjg4 ,remittance1 =ms (1 #cch ff4 ,*eck1 #cci2 c]tifi$ *eck1 #cci ff42 endorsem5t1 me?ods (1 #cdj2 express money ord]1 #cdj2 po/al money ord]1 #cda2 bank draft1 #cda ff42 "t draft1 #cdc ff42 sight draft1 #cdd ff4 ,r5t1 #cba4 ,reproduction1 oral1 f magaz9es1 #adg ff42 f newspap]s1 #aed ff4 ,reque/+ paym5t1 lett]s1 #bec ff4 ,re/rict+ ! subject1 #aej4 ,re/rictive relative pron\ns1 #ei ff4 ,retail m]*ant1 !1 #bhf ff4 ,ri*>ds' baby /ock+ fund1 #ccg4 ,rise & raise1 #aja4 ,roots1 ,greek1 #cj4 ,rules4 ,= spell+3 regul> plurals 9 s & es1 #ah2 *ang+ f9al y to i1 #ai2 n\ns 9 o1 #ai2 n\ns 9 f & fe1 #ai2 plural by *ange ( v[el1 #ai2 by add+ en1 #ai2 no *ange = ! plural1 #bj2 two plurals1 #bj2 comp\nd n\ns1 #bj2 plurals ( lett]s & figures1 #bj2 =eign plurals1 #ba2 d\bl+ f9al consonant1 #ba-bb2 reta9+ y be=e +1 #bc2 ie or ei1 #bd2 s(t c & g1 #bd2 dropp+ f9al sil5t e1 #be2 reta9+ f9al e1 #be-bf4 ,= punctuation3 ! apo/rophe1 to %[ ! possessive case ( n\ns1 #aei2 to %[ omission ( lett]s1 #afj2 to %[ plurals ( lett]s1 figures1 & words n regul>ly n\ns1 #afj2 capitals1 #afj ff42 ! p]iod1 #afb2 ! int]rogation m>k1 #afb2 ! exclamation m>k1 #afb2 quotation m>ks1 #afc ff42 comma 9 direct quotations1 #agj2 comma 9 s]ies1 #aga ff42 comma 9 comp\nd s5t5ce1 #agc ff42 comma aft] initial clause or p>ticipial phrase1 #age ff42 comma to sep>ate mon? f ye>1 etc41 #agh2 comma to %[ omission ( words1 #agh2 comma to set (f appositive1 #agi ff42 comma to set (f p>5!tical expressions1 #ahj ff42 comma to set (f indep5d5t elem5ts1 #ahb ff42 comma to set (f non-re/rictive relative clause1 #ahe ff42 comma to set (f subord9ate elem5t at ! end ( ! s5t5ce1 #ahh ff42 ! semicolon1 #aib ff42 ! colon1 #aid ff42 ! da%1 #aie ff42 p>5!sis m>ks1 #aif2 ! hyph51 #aif4 ,s #a1 comma fault1 #dd4 ,s #b1 use ( phrase or clause z s5t5ce1 #de4 ,sacram5to ,city1 p>agraph on1 #dh4 ,sal>y1 #c4 ,sales lett]1 !1 #bdd ff4 ,salesman1 !1 #bih ff42 lett]s to help !1 #cja-cjb4 ,salutation1 !1 ( bus9ess lett]s1 #bcb1 #bcf-bcg4 ,same1 n a pron\n1 #gb-gc2 di/9ctly bus9ess blund]1 #bdc4 ,sav+1 p>agraphs on1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #aic4 ,sav+s banks1 #ccd1 #ccf2 po/al1 #ccg4 ,sav+s dep>tm5t ( bank1 #ccb4 ,saw & se51 #ii-ajj4 ,sawdu/1 p>agraph on1 #agd4 ,second object1 #ff4 ,secret>y's report1 !1 #aae 7note74 ,s$e1 c$e1 ce$1 #cd4 ,selection ( se$1 #ccj-cca4 ,semicolon1 uses (1 #de1 #agd1 #aib ff4 ,s5t5ce1 !1 & its elem5ts1 #da ff42 subject (1 #da2 simple1 #db2 complex1 #db2 comp\nd1 #db2 comp\nd1 punctuation (1 #de1 #agd2 pr$icate (1 #da2 decl>ative1 def9$1 #da2 int]rogative1 def9$1 #da2 imp]ative1 def9$1 #da2 exclamatory1 def9$1 #da2 simple1 def9$1 #db2 comp\nd1 def9$1 #db2 complex1 def9$1 #db2 errors1 #dd4 ,sep>ation1 ! keynote ( punctuation1 #aei4 ,s]ies1 punctuation (1 #aga ff4 ,set1 & sit1 #aja4 ,%all & w1 #hi1 #ib4 ,%>ehold]s1 #cee4 ,%>es1 ( capital /ock1 #cee4 ,%ift 9 con/ruction1 #baa ff4 ,%ort s5t5ces1 comb9ation (1 #bjb ff4 ,%\ld & w\ld1 #ic-id4 ,sight draft1 #cdd-cde4 ,signature1 !1 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bcb1 #bcg-bch4 ,sil5t consonant1 words conta9+1 #aa4 ,sil5t v[els1 #aa4 ,silv] c]tificates1 #ccb4 ,simple s5t5ce1 def9$1 #db4 ,s9ce1 z preposition & conjunction1 #ee4 sion1 tion1 cion1 #cd4 ,sit & set1 #aja4 ,slang1 #abi4 ,slurr+ ( syllables1 #g4 ,smoo? connection1 #abg-abh1 #bbd2 me?ods ( secur+1 #bbd4 ,snappy /yle1 9 lett] writ+1 #bdf4 ,s--z1 9 negative comp>isons1 #abe4 ,s habit1 to avoid !1 #aaa1 #abh4 ,s\dan1 cotton 9 !1 #aha4 ,s\? ,africa1 p>cel po/ 91 #cjf4 ,specials1 railroad f>m+1 #ccj4 ,spectator1 ,!1 p>agraph f ,macaulay1 #bah-bai4 ,spee*1 p>ts (1 #dh ff4 ,spee*1 plan 9 mak+1 #aca ff42 outl9e =1 #aea ff4 ,spell+1 rules1 #ah ff42 #ejj words =1 #cf ff4 ,split inf9itive1 #gg1 #bji4 ,/ates1 abbreviation ( names (1 #bf-bg4 ,/eam%ip company1 !1 #bhd4 ,/eel1 tr\ble 9 introduc+1 #aia4 ,/5ographic effici5cy1 #bag4 ,/ill-life adv]tisem5ts1 #cad4 ,/ock1 capital1 common & pref]r$1 #cec1 #cee2 au?oriz$ capital1 #cee4 ,/ockhold]s1 #cee4 ,/ocks1 ( a corporation1 #ced ff4 ,/raight bill ( lad+1 #bhe4 ,/yle1 9 lett] writ+1 #bdd ff4 ,subject1 z a :ole1 #adh2 divisions (1 #adi ff42 mak+ outl9e (1 #aea ff42 re/rict+ !1 #aej1 #aec2 ( ! s5t5ce1 #da1 #fe2 simple1 #ee2 complete1 #ee2 ( subord9ate clause1 #ee2 comp\nd1 numb] (1 #hf2 incorrect omission (1 9 bus9ess lett]s1 #bdb4 ,subjective complem5t1 #fe4 ,subjects1 h[ to *oose1 #adf ff42 = debates1 #ada1 #add1 #bge1 #bij1 #cjb2 = compositions on manufacture1 #bgd1 #bge1 #bgh-bgi2 on di/ribution1 #bii1 #cja1 #cjc1 #cjd2 on adv]tis+1 #cag1 #cah2 sugge/$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce1 #adg2 sugge/$ by read+1 #adg1 #aed4 ,subjunctive mode1 def9$1 #aab2 ( be1 #aab2 us$ to d5ote possibility1 #aac4 ,subord9ate clauses1 adjective1 adv]b1 n\n1 #ed2 subject (1 #ee4 ,subord9ate conjunctions1 li/ (1 #ed4 ,subord9ation1 9 ! s5t5ce1 #bja ff4 ,subscription1 outl9e ( lett]s to sell1 #bfh4 ,success1 elem5ts (1 #ace4 ,successful m5 & wom51 #acf4 ,suffix1 usually con/itut+ a syllable1 #af2 ,anglo-,saxon1 #bi2 adjective1 #cj2 v]b1 #ca2 n\n1 #ca2 able & ible1 #cc2 ant & ent1 #cc4 ,sugge/ions = debates1 #aci ff41 #add2 on manufacture1 #bge2 on di/ribution1 #bij1 #cjb4 ,sugge/ive names 9 adv]tisem5ts1 #cac2 headl9es1 #cac-cad4 ,sup]lative degree1 ( adjectives1 #gh2 ( adv]bs1 #gi4 ,sup]latives1 to be avoid$1 #abi4 ,syllabication1 #ae4 ,syllables1 slurr$1 #g2 division ( words into1 #ae ff4 ,synopsis ( write1 active voice1 #ia4 ,tea* & le>n1 #aja4 ,te*nical words1 #d4 ,t5se1 def9$1 #hh2 ( p>ticiple1 #aji2 ( inf9itive1 #aaj4 ,t5ses1 di/+ui%$1 #hh ff4 7,see ,pres5t t5se1 ,pa/ t5se1 ,p]fect t5ses47 ,?an & z1 case foll[+1 #aba4 ,t1 re/rictive relative1 #ei ff4 ,t is1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,! foll[+1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,!mes1 oral1 #abg ff4 7,see ,oral !mes47 ,!re1 _!1 #abf4 ,?9k+1 bus9ess1 #b4 ,?us1 punctuation )1 #aie4 ,tilde1 #i4 ,"t draft1 #cdc-cdd4 ,tion1 sion1 cion1 #cd4 ,ti\s1 tr\blesome end+1 #cc4 ,title1 cle>1 to prop]ty1 #cbb4 ,titles1 #aej2 ( (ficials & ( honor1 #afa2 ( books & plays1 #afb4 ,to1 too1 two1 di/+ui%$1 #abe-abf4 ,tone1 ( ! lett]1 #bdj4 ,topic s5t5ce1 9 ! p>agraph1 #baf ff4 ,topics = inve/igation & discussion1 on manufacture1 #bgh-bgi2 on di/ribution1 #cjd2 on real e/ate1 #cbg2 on bank+1 #cdi-cej2 on ! corporation1 #cfe4 ,trade1 ,lat9-,am]ican1 #cjf4 ,traffic dep>tm5t ( railroad1 #cei4 ,transitive v]b1 foll[$ by objective case1 #ff2 def9$1 #hc4 ,transportation1 #bhc4 ,tr\blesome v]bs1 #ajj ff42 lie & lay1 #ajj ff42 sit1 set1 #aja2 fly1 fl[1 flee1 #aja2 rise1 raise1 #aja2 tea*1 le>n1 #aja2 may1 c1 #ajb2 might1 c\ld1 #ajb2 accept1 except1 #ajb2 affect1 effect1 #ajb ff42 lose1 loose1 #ajc4 ,tru/ companies1 #ccd1 #ccg4 ,tru/ dep>tm5t ( a bank1 #ccb4 ,unc]ta9 antec$5ts1 pron\ns )1 #bjg ff4 ,unit$ ,/ates treasury notes1 #ccc4 ,unity1 9 ! s5t5ce1 #aii2 9 ! p>agraph1 #baf4 ,unless1 a conjunction1 #abd4 ,until1 z preposition & conjunction1 #ee4 ,usefulness1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa4 ,utility corporations1 public1 #cf ff4 ,value1 p> ( /ock1 #cee ff42 m>ket1 #cee ff4 ,vanity1 its appeal 9 adv]tis+1 #caa4 ,v>iety ( expression1 #aaa4 ,v]b1 !1 #hc ff42 def9$1 #di2 transitive1 #ff1 #hc2 intransitive1 #hc2 copulative1 #hc2 active voice (1 #hd2 passive voice (1 #hd2 numb] (1 #he2 p]son (1 #he2 s+ul> ) c]ta9 words1 #he ff42 plural ) c]ta9 subjects1 #hf2 t5se (1 #hh ff42 %all & w1 #ib2 %\ld & w\ld1 #ic2 conjugation ( be1 #ajd ff42 be us$ to make progressive t5ses1 #aje2 be us$ to make passive voice1 #aje ff42 ! p>ticiple1 #aji2 ! inf9itive1 #aaj2 mode1 #aab ff42 conjugation ( write1 active voice1 #hh ff42 foll[1 passive voice1 #aje ff42 synopsis ( write1 active voice1 #ia2 synopsis ( foll[1 passive voice1 #ajf4 ,v]bal n\n1 def9$1 #eg2 possessive case )1 #fg ff4 ,v]bs1 incorrectly us$1 #aad2 p>ticiples ( v]bs 9 y1 #bc2 tak+ two objects1 #ff2 tak+ indirect & direct objects1 #ff2 pr9cipal p>ts ( irregul>1 #ie ff42 tr\blesome1 #ajj ff42 lie1 lay1 di/+ui%$1 #ajj2 sit & set1 di/+ui%$1 #aja2 fly1 fl[1 flee1 di/+ui%$1 #aja2 rise & raise1 di/+ui%$1 #aja2 tea* & le>n1 di/+ui%$1 #aja2 may & c1 di/+ui%$1 #ajb2 might & c\ld1 di/+ui%$1 #ajb2 accept & except1 di/+ui%$1 #ajb2 affect & effect1 di/+ui%$1 #ajb2 lose & loose1 di/+ui%$1 #ajc2 _h ought1 incorrectly us$1 #ajc2 c]ta9 prepositions us$ )1 #aaf ff4 ,v & real1 di/+ui%$1 #ha ,voice1 active & passive1 def9$1 #hd2 ( ! p>ticiple1 #aji2 ( ! inf9itive1 #aaj4 ,v[els1 pronunciation (1 #i2 l5g? (1 9 monosyllables end+ 9 e1 #i2 words conta9+ sil5t1 #aa4 ,w>ranty de$1 #cbb4 ,wa%$ money1 #cea-ceb4 ,wa%+ ma*9e1 lett]s to sell1 outl9e1 #bfi4 ,wat]$ /ock1 #ceg4 ,way-bill1 railroad1 #bhf4 ,71 :]e1 di/+ui%$1 #abf4 ,:at1 d\ble relative1 #ei4 ,:o1 & :i*1 us$ re/rictively1 #fj4 ,:o & :om1 #gj ff4 ,:oev] & :omev]1 #ga4 ,:olesale m]*ant1 !1 #bia ff4 ,:y1 *ildi% use (1 #abh4 ,w & %all1 #hi1 #ib ff4 ,w y be s good z to1 #bdc4 ,wi%1 subjunctive to express1 #aac4 ,)\t1 a preposition1 #abd2 incorrectly us$ z conjunction1 #abd4 ,^w analysis1 #bi ff4 ,words1 int]e/+1 #a ff42 obsolete1 #c2 te*nical1 #d2 simil>ly pron\nc$ #ad1 #ae2 frequ5tly mispron\nc$1 #ac1 #ag2 conta9+ dg1 #be2 end+ 9 sil5t e1 reta9 or drop e1 #be2 analysis (1 #cb2 easily confus$1 li/ (1 #ce ff42 #ejj = spell+1 #cf ff42 us$ z diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 #ea2 omission (1 punctuation to %[1 #agh4 ,word9ess1 #acj ff1 #bjj-bja4 ,w\ld & %\ld1 #ic ff4 ,w\ld say1 to be avoid$1 #bdc4 ,write1 conjugation (1 active voice1 #hh ff42 synopsis (1 passive voice1 #ia4 ,writ+ adv]tisem5ts1 ex]cises 91 #cae-caf4 ,writt5 composition1 #a1 #abg ff4 ,writt5 expression1 #a1 #abg ff4 ,y1 n\ns end+ 91 plural (1 #ai4 ,yell[ invasion1 p>agraph on !1 #ahb4 ,y attitude1 !1 9 lett] writ+1 #bdd4 ,yze1 ize1 ise1 #cd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text uses bo? to-day & today4 ,obvi\s punctuation errors 7 correct$4 ,pages #aaf-aag1 entry = confide 0 orig9ally plac$ aft] correspond4 ,x 0 relocat$ to be 9 ! correct alphabetical ord]4 ,pages #aga-agb1 ! examples 7 plac$ out ( ord]4 ,! section beg9n+ report]1 bus9ess manag] to ! end ( ! p>agraph 0 orig9ally locat$ aft] a space foll[+ ! ,abraham ,l9coln p>agraph4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! ,abraham ,l9coln p>agraph orig9ally end$ ) nor a ye> x4 ,! re/ ( t p>agraph 0 orig9ally locat$ at ! top ( ! next page4 ,^! p>agraphs h be5 adju/$ to read correctly4 ,copies ( ! orig9al pages may be se5 9 ! trascrib]'s notes = ! ,,html v]sion ( ?is text4 ,page #bde1 f[>d *ang$ to =w>d 7,we %all =w>d7 ,page #ccg1 committe *ang$ to committee 7,a committee 0 appo9t$7 ,page #cei1 natually *ang$ to naturally 7w naturally lead u7