,,chaitanya',s ,,life ,,and ,,teachings 
,from his contemporary ,bengali         
biography the ,chaitanya-charit-amrita3 
,translated into ,english  ,,by         
,,jadunath ,,sarkar1 ,m4,a41 ,i4,e4,s4  
,,second ,,edition1  ,revised and       
enlarged1 with topographical notes4     
#aibb    ,m4 ,c4 ,,sarkar  ,,sons1      
,,calcutta1 ,,luzac  ,co41 ,,london4    
,rs4 #b4    ,,published ,,by ,s4 ,c4    
,,sarkar  ,m4 ,c4 ,sarkar  ,sons1       
#ij_/b;,a1 ,harrison ,road1 ,calcutta4  
,,printer3 ,s4 ,c4 ,,mazumdar  ,,sri    
,,gouranga ,,press  #ga_/a1 ,mirzapur   
,street1 ,calcutta4    #adha_/ba4       
,,to  ,professor ,,raja ,,gopalachariar1
 ,m4,a41 ,b4,l41  ,,who ,,has ,,done    
,,so ,,much ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,vaishnav
 ,,saints ,,of ,,the ,,south ,,known    
,,to ,,us1  ,i ,,dedicate ,,this        
,,attempt ,,to ,,place ,,the ,,original 
,,life ,,of ,,chaitanya--,,the          
,,greatest ,,vaishnav ,,teacher ,,of    
,,the ,,north ,,within ,,the ,,reach    
,,of ,,all ,,readers ,,of ,,english     

,,who ,,know ,,not ,,the ,,bengali      
,,tongue4    ,,patna ,,college1 #ajth   
,april1 #aiac4  ,j4 ,,sarkar    ,,the   
,,author ,,and ,,his ,,book             
,krishna-das ,kaviraj1 the author of the
 ,chaitanya-charit-amrita1 was born in  
the ,vaidya caste1 at ,jhamatpur1 a     
village of the ,katwa sub-division of   
the ,burdwan district in ,bengal1 7#adif
 ,a4,d47 ,having lost his parents in    
early life1 he was brought up by his    
late father's sister4 ,he read ,persian 
at the village school1 and then began to
 study ,sanskrit in order to qualify    
himself for practising ,hindu medicine1 
the profession of his caste4 ,every part
 of his great poem bears evidence to his
 profound mastery of ,sanskrit          
literature1 particularly of the         
,bhagabat ,puran4 ,the young orphan1    
while still unmarried1 was converted to 
,vaishnavism by ,nityananda1 and begged 
his way on foot to ,brindaban1 where he 
spent the remainder of his long life in 
religious study1 meditation and worship4

 ,he was initiated as a ,vaishnav monk  
by ,raghunath-das1 who along with       
,swarup ,damodar had been body-servants 
to ,chaitanya during that saint's stay  
at ,jagannath4 ,from his guru1          
,krishna-das learned the particulars of 
,chaitanya's life and teaching which he 
has embodied in the present biography4  
,his first efforts at authorship were in
 ,sanskrit and dealt with the mysteries 
of bhakti and the service of ,krishna4  
,the great work of his life was the     
composition of his old age1 and was     
undertaken at the request of the        
faithful4 ,every evening the ,bengali   
,vaishnavs of ,brindaban used to gather 
together and hear the acts of their     
,master read out from his poetical      
biography1 the ,chaitanya ,bhagbat      
composed by ,brindaban-das4 ,but this   
book dealt with the saint's last years  
in too meagre and concise a fashion to  
satisfy the curiosity of his followers4 
,they1 therefore1 led by ,haridas       
,pandit1 the chief servitor of the      

,govindaji temple1 pressed ,krishna-das 
to write a new and fuller life of the   
,master4 ,the poet was old and infirm1  
but he regarded the request as a solemn 
charge which he was not free to decline4
 ,that very evening he prayed to the    
image of ,madanmohan1 and the god's     
approbation was shown by a sign1--a     
garland of flowers slipping down from   
his neck at the end of the prayer6 ,on  
the bank of the ,radha-kunda tank1 the  
aged ,krishna-das completed his         
,chaitanya-charit-amrita in #aehb after 
nine years of unremitting toil4 ,it is  
divided into three ,books1 the ,adi     
,lila1 the ,madhya ,lila1 and the ,antya
 ,lila1 dealing respectively with the   
three stages of ,chaitanya's life1 viz41
 7i7 the #bd years from his birth to the
 time of his entering the monastic      
order1 7ii7 the six years of his        
pilgrimage1 and 7iii7 the last eighteen 
years of his life1 which were spent in  
residence at ,puri4 ,in spite of its    
epic length1 prolixity1 and repetitions1

 the ,chaitanya-charit-amrita is a      
masterpiece of early ,bengali           
literature1 and has the further merit of
 making the subtle doctrines of the     
,vaishnav faith intelligible to ordinary
 people4 ,indeed1 the older school of   
,vaishnav ,fathers1 as represented by   
,jiv ,goswami1 had at first objected to 
its publication1 lest the merits and    
completeness of this vernacular work    
should cause the learned ,sanskrit      
treatises on bhakti exegetics to be     
neglected by the public6 ,the author's  
manuscript is still preserved in the    
,radha-,damodar temple of ,brindaban1   
and worshipped as a holy relic4  ,the   
,second ,book 7,madhya ,lila71 which is 
the longest and most detailed of the    
three and the foremost authority on     
,chaitanya's teachings1 life and        
character1 and contains the clearest and
 fullest exposition of ,vaishnav        
philosophy1 has been here translated    
into ,english for the first time4 ,in   
the second edition1 many long extracts  

from the ,third ,book 7,antya ,lila7    
have been added1 to complete the story  
of ,chaitanya's doings and sayings at   
,puri till his death4 ,readers to whom  
the ,bengali tongue is unknown1 will    
here find an unvarnished account of     
,chaitanya as his contemporaries knew   
him1 without any modern gloss1          
interpolation or criticism4 ,my version 
is literal2 only1 in certain places     
needless details have been curtailed1   
all repetitions have been avoided1 and  
the texts so freely quoted by our author
 from the ,sanskrit scriptures have been
 indicated by reference to chapter and  
verse1 instead of being done into       
,english4 ,the word ,prabhu1 applied by 
the author to ,chaitanya1 has been      
rendered by me as ,master4  ,there are  
three other contemporary lives of       
,chaitanya in old ,bengali4 ,the        
earliest of them is the ,chaitanya      
,bhagabat1 composed in #aece ,a4,d41 by 
the ,brahman ,brindaban-das1 a sister's 
son of ,shribas ,pandit of ,navadwip4   

,this author 7b4 #aejg1 d4 #aehi7 was a 
votary of ,god as incarnate in          
,nityananda2 to him ,chaitanya was      
almost a secondary object of adoration4 
,his poem is encumbered with miracles   
and digressions1 and far inferior to    
,krishna-das's work in wealth of        
philosophic exposition and description  
of men and events4  ,trilochan-das 7born
 #aebc7 wrote the ,chaitanya-,mangal at 
the age of fourteen6 ,it is full of     
marvellous incidents and should be      
classed with romances rather than with  
sober histories4 ,its text is still sung
 by wandering minstrels and is          
appreciated by the lower ranks of the   
,vaishnav community4  ,jayananda ,mishra
 7b4 about #aeaa7 wrote his             
,chaitanya-,mangal about #aefh1 and his 
poem gives us much new information about
 the saint and his family4 ,he is our   
only authority for the narrative of     
,chaitanya's death1 which ,i have       
translated at the end of this work4  99 
99 99 99  ,in the second edition parts  

of two chapters of the first edition1   
viz41 xviii4 pp4 #bed-bfi and xxii4 pp4 
#bij-cjc1 have been omitted1 as they can
 be understood only by very learned     
,sanskrit scholars1 the remaining part  
of ch4 xxii has been incorporated with  
ch4 xxi1 while ch4 xxiii has been       
renumbered as xxii4 ,in the present     
edition1 all the chapters from xxiii to 
the end are taken from the ,antya ,lila4
  ,in preparing the second edition1 the 
translation has been carefully compared 
with the text and minutely revised4     
,many mistakes have been detected and   
corrected2 some of them came no doubt   
from the manuscript from which the first
 edition was printed1 but most of the   
others were due to the inefficiency and 
carelessness of the press4 ,in going    
through the original a second time ,i   
have in a few places modified my        
interpretation of the text made twelve  
years ago4  ,a long and important       
appendix has now been added1 giving the 
exact situation and some description of 

the various holy places visited by      
,chaitanya1 7with references to the best
 and most modern sources of information1
 such as ,gazetteers and maps74    ,a   
,,short ,,life ,,of ,,chaitanya         
,navadwip1 a town in the ,nadia district
 of ,bengal1 situated on the river      
,ganges1 #ge miles north of ,calcutta1  
was a great trading centre and seat of  
,hindu learning in the #aeth century4   
,sanskrit logic 7nyay7 for which ,bengal
 is most famous among all the provinces 
of ,india1 was very highly developed and
 studied here1 and the fame of its      
scholars was unsurpassed in the land4   
,but1 if we may believe the biographers 
of ,chaitanya1 the atmosphere of the    
town was sceptical and unspiritual4     
,there was a lack of true religious     
fervour and sincere devotion4 ,proud of 
their intellectuality1 proud of the vast
 wealth they acquired by gifts from rich
 ,hindus1 the local pandits despised    
bhakti or devotion as weak and vulgar1  
and engaged in idle ceremonies or idler 

amusements4 ,vedantism formed the topic 
of conversation of the cultured few2    
wine and goat's meat were taken to      
kindly by the majority of the people1   
and such ,shakta rites as were          
accompanied by the offering of this     
drink and food to the goddess and their 
subsequent consumption by her votaries1 
were performed with zeal and enthusiasm4
  ,jagannath ,mishra1 surnamed          
,purandar1 a ,brahman of the ,vaidik    
sub-caste1 had emigrated from his       
ancestral home in ,sylhet and settled   
here in order to live on the bank of the
 holy ,ganges4 ,his wife was ,shachi1 a 
daughter of the scholar ,nilambar       
,chakravarti4 ,one evening in ,february 
or ,march1 #adhe ,a4,d41 when there was 
a lunar eclipse at the same time as full
 moon1 a son was born to this couple4   
,it was their tenth child2 the first    
eight1 all daughters1 had died in       
infancy1 and the ninth1 a lad named     
,vishwarup1 had abandoned the world at  
the age of sixteen when pressed to      

marry1 and had entered a monastery in   
the ,madras presidency4  ,the new-born  
child was named ,vishwambhar4 ,but the  
women1 seeing that his mother had lost  
so many children before him1 gave him   
the disparaging name of ,nimai or       
short-lived in order to propitiate      
,nemesis4 ,the neighbours called him    
,gaur or ,gauranga 7fair complexioned7  
on account of his marvellous beauty4    
,that the child was born amidst the     
chanting of ,hari's name all over       
,navadwip on the occasion of the        
eclipse1 was taken to be an omen that he
 would prove a teacher of bhakti4       
,passing over the lucky signs of his    
horoscope1 and the miracles and         
,krishna-like antics with which pious   
imagination has invested his boyhood1 we
 may note that he showed great keenness 
and precocity of intellect in mastering 
all branches of ,sanskrit learning1     
especially grammar and logic4  ,on the  
death of his father1 ,vishwambhar1 while
 still a student1 married ,lakshmi1 the 

daughter of ,vallabh ,acharya1 with whom
 he had fallen in love at first sight4  
,he now became a householder1 and began 
to take pupils like many other ,brahmans
 of ,navadwip4 ,as a pandit he surpassed
 the other scholars of the place and    
even defeated a renowned champion of    
another province1 who was travelling all
 over ,india holding disputations4  ,on 
his return from a scholastic tour in    
,east ,bengal1 in which he received many
 gifts from pious householders1 he found
 that his wife had died of snake-bite   
during his absence4 ,after a while the  
widower married ,vishnu-priya4 ,at this 
time his head was turned by the pride of
 scholarship1 and his victories in      
argument made him slight other men4     
,during a pilgrimage to ,gaya1 he met   
,ishwar ,puri1 a ,vaishnav monk of the  
order of ,madhavacharya and a disciple  
of that ,madhavendra ,puri who had first
 introduced the cult of bhakti for      
,krishna among the sannyasis4           
,vishwambhar took this ,ishwar ,puri as 

his guru or spiritual guide4 ,a complete
 change now came over his spirit4 ,his  
intellectual pride was gone2 he became a
 bhakta2 whatever subject he lectured   
on1 the theme of his discourse was love 
of ,krishna4 ,indeed1 he developed      
religious ecstasy and for some time     
behaved like a mad man3 he laughed1     
wept1 incessantly shouted ,krishna's    
name1 climbed up trees1 or raved in     
abstraction imagining himself to be     
,krishna4 ,he now made the acquaintance 
of the elderly scholar and bhakta       
,adwaita ,acharya1 and was joined by a  
sannyasi named ,nityananda1 who became  
to him even more than what ,paul was to 
,christ4  ,many people of ,navadwip now 
believed ,chaitanya to be an incarnation
 of ,krishna and did him worship1 while 
,nityananda came to be regarded as      
,balaram1 7the elder brother of         
,krishna74 ,religious processions were  
frequently got up1 in which the devout1 
headed by the two1 went dancing and     
singing through the streets or assembled

 in the courtyards of houses4 ,this was 
the origin of the nam-kirtan 7'chanting 
,god's name'7 which has ever been the   
most distinctive feature of this creed4 
,chaitanya's greatest achievement at    
this time was the reclamation of two    
drunken ruffians1 ,jagai and ,madhai1   
who were a terror to the city4 ,the     
apostles of bhakti had also to face     
mockery and persecution from scoffers   
and unbelievers 7pashandi71 which were  
overcome by supernatural signs4 ,we pass
 over the scenes of ecstasy1 tireless   
exertion in kirtan1 madness and         
miracles1 which form the extant history 
of this period of ,chaitanya's life4    
,but the conversions among the learned  
were few1 and ,chaitanya at last in     
despair resolved to turn hermit for     
their salvation1 arguing thus1 ,as ,i   
must deliver all these proud scholars1  
,i have to take to an ascetic life4     
,they will surely bow to me when they   
see me as a hermit1 and thus their      
hearts will be purified and filled with 

bhakti4 ,there is no other means4 ,so1  
he induced ,keshav ,bharati to initiate 
him as a sannyasi 7#aeji7 under the name
 of ,krishna-,chaitanya1 usually        
shortened into ,,chaitanya1 which we    
have anticipated in this sketch4 ,he was
 then #bd years of age4 ,his mother1 who
 had often before urged him not to      
desert her as his elder brother had     
done1 was heart-broken at the loss of   
her sole surviving child1 but ,chaitanya
 consoled her in every possible way1 and
 bowed to her wishes in many points in  
his after years as obediently as he had 
done before renouncing the life of a    
householder4  ,the next six years were  
passed by him in pilgrimages to ,orissa1
 the ,southern ,land1 and ,brindaban1   
and in the preaching of bhakti in many  
parts of ,india1 as described in detail 
in the present volume4  ,thereafter1 at 
the age of #cj1 he settled at ,puri1 and
 spent his remaining days in the        
constant adoration of ,jagannath4       
,disciples and admirers from many       

places1 chiefly ,bengal and ,brindaban1 
visited him here2 and he edified them by
 his discourses1 acts of humility1 and  
penances4 ,towards the close of his life
 he had repeated fits of religious      
ecstasy in which he acted in utter      
disregard of his life1--once leaping    
into the blue ocean1 at another time    
battering his face against the walls of 
his room4  ,at last in ,june-,july1     
#aecc1 his physical frame broke down    
under such prolonged mental convulsion  
and self-inflicted torments1 and he     
passed away under circumstances over    
which the piety of his biographers has  
drawn the veil of mystery4  ,in his     
lifetime his disciples had organized a  
mission4 ,in ,bengal the new creed was  
preached and spread far and wide by     
,nityananda1 who afterwards came to be  
regarded as a god1 co-ordinate with     
,chaitanya4 ,modern ,brindaban1 with its
 temples1 ,sanskrit seminaries and      
haunts for recluses1 is the creation of 
the ,bengali ,vaishnavs1 and it has     

eclipsed the older city of ,mathura4    
,here the brothers ,rup and             
,sanatan1--descended from a ,prince of  
,karnat who had settled in ,bengal and  
whose descendants had become completely 
,bengalized1 joined ,chaitanya's        
,church4 ,these two and their nephew    
,jiv ,goswami were great ,sanskrit      
scholars and their devotional works1    
commentaries1 c4 encouraged a revival of
 ,sanskrit studies in general in that   
,muslim age4 ,these three1 with ,gopal  
,bhatta1 nephew of the celebrated       
,vedantist ,prakashananda who was       
latterly converted to bhakti by         
,chaitanya and changed his name into    
,prabodhananda1 and ,raghunath ,bhatta1 
son of an up-country ,brahman bhakta1   
and the last ,raghunath-das1 a ,kayastha
 saint of the ,saptagram zamindar family
 of the ,hugli district and the guru of 
our author1 formed the six ,fathers of  
,chaitanya's ,church4 ,except ,rup and  
,sanatan1 most of the other disciples of
 ,chaitanya adopted the ,bengali tongue 

as their medium1 and greatly enriched it
 with their songs1 biographies1 poems1  
travels1 and translations of the bhakti 
literature from ,sanskrit4 ,the         
,vaishnav ,goswamis1 both at ,brindaban 
and ,navadwip1 have kept up the study of
 ,sanskrit to our own day4 ,a classified
 list of ,chaitanya's disciples is given
 in ,book ,i4 canto x and those of      
,nityananda and ,adwaita's disciples in 
cantos xi and xii respectively4         
,,glossary  ,abadhut--an ascetic who has
 renounced the world4  ,acharya--a      
family name or title of ,brahmans1 lit41
 teacher4  ,adwaita ,acharya--an elderly
 scholar of ,shantipur and associate in 
,chaitanya's devotions before he became 
a sannyasi4  ,arati--divine service     
performed to a god in the early morning 
or after dusk1 with lamps1 incense1 and 
instrumental music1 especially bells4   
,balaram--the elder brother of ,krishna2
 the images of the two with that of     
their sister ,subhadra between them1 are
 worshipped in the temple of ,jagannath4

  ,bania--grocer1 7also acts as banker74
  ,bhagabat--an adorer of ,bhagaban or  
,vishnu as ,god2 the ,bhagabat1 the name
 of a ,puran1 regarded by the ,vaishnavs
 as their ,scripture4  ,bhakta--a       
devotee1 who seeks salvation through    
faith4  ,bhakti--faith1 devotion4       
,bharati--the title of an order of      
monks4  ,bhattacharya--a title of       
,brahmans4  ,bhog--see prasad4          
,dhoti--a sheet of cloth worn round the 
lower limbs by ,hindu males4            
,gandharva--a class of celestial        
musicians4  ,garuda--a bird ridden by   
,vishnu1 sacred to the ,vaishnavs4      
,gaur--7#a7 a city in the ,malda        
district1 the capital of ,bengal during 
the ,pathan period2 also applied to the 
whole country of ,bengal1 7,gaur74 7#b7 
or ,gauranga1 a title of ,chaitanya4    
,gauriya--a native of ,bengal4          
,ghaghar--a musical instrument4         
,ghat--bathing stairs in a river1       
usually sacred4  ,ghee--melted butter4  
,gopis--milk-maids of ,brindaban with   

whom ,krishna disported4  ,goswami--a   
title of respect1 usually given to      
spiritual leaders among the ,vaishnavs4 
,govardhan--a sacred hill near          
,brindaban4  ,guru--spiritual preceptor1
 initiator into learning or a faith4    
,haridas--a ,muhammadan who had turned  
,vaishnav under ,chaitanya's influence4 
,there was another ,haridas1 a born     
,hindu1 among ,chaitanya's followers4   
,jagannath--or ,lord of the ,universe1  
name of the idol of ,krishna worshipped 
in the temple at ,puri2 also applied to 
the town of ,puri4  ,jharikhand--the    
jungle country1 ,chota ,nagpur and the  
,santhal parganas4  ,kali yug--the      
present or iron age of the world4       
,katak--the capital of ,orissa and the  
seat of ,king ,pratap ,rudra of the     
,gajapati dynasty4  ,kholan--instrument 
of music1 being a long earthenware drum 
covered at both ends with leather2      
distinctive of the ,bengali ,vaishnavs4 
,kirtan or sankirtan1 chanting ,god's   
name to the accompaniment of dance and  

song4  ,kulin--7#a7 a man of blue blood 
7kul71 descended from a mythical        
ancestor of high character or social    
position in a very far-off age4 7#b7 the
 name of a village in ,bengal4          
,kunda--a pool of water1 sacred to some 
god or saint4  ,lila--the antic or sport
 of a god1 particularly of ,krishna4    
,madhav ,pun--also ,madhavendra1 a monk1
 the spiritual guide of that ,ishwar    
,puri who was the guru of ,chaitanya4   
,maha-patra--minister of the ,rajah of  
,orissa4  ,maha-prasad--food offered to 
,jagannath and thereafter considered as 
holy4  ,mangal-arati--early morning     
worship1 see arati4  ,mantra--spell1    
sacred verse 7usually in ,sanskrit74    
,mahanta--the abbot of a ,hindu         
monastery4  ,nilachal--the ,blue        
,mountain4 ,name of the mound on which  
the temple of ,jagannath at ,puri is    
situated4  ,nimai--a nick-name of       
,chaitanya4  ,nupur--bells tied to the  
feet in dancing4  ,odhra--,orissa4      
,pandas--attendants at a temple 7such as

 ,jagannath72 they act as guides to     
pilgrims for a consideration4           
,pandit--scholar1 one versed in         
,sanskrit4  ,parichha--the highest      
servitor of the temple of ,jagannath4   
,prasad--food dedicated to a god at his 
worship1 and thereafter eaten by the    
faithful as something holy4             
,prayag--the town of ,allahabad1 at the 
junction of the ,ganges and the ,jamuna4
  ,prem--love1 the highest form of      
bhakti or devotion4  ,puri--7#a7 a town 
on the sea-coast in ,orissa1 containing 
the temple of ,jagannath4 7#b7 the title
 of an order of monks4  ,purushottam--a 
title of ,vishnu2 usually applied to the
 temple of ,jagannath at ,puri4         
,rarh--the upland of ,burdwan and       
,birbhum districts1 west of the ,ganges4
  ,sankirtan--see kirtan4               
,sannyasi--ascetic1 monk1 religious     
mendicant4  ,sarvabhauma--i4e41         
universal doctor1 a man of encyclopaedic
 knowledge4 ,in the book this title is  
applied to a great scholar and ,vedantic

 philosopher of ,navadwip1 who had      
settled at ,puri and was held in high   
honour by the local king4 ,his father   
was the scholar ,visharad1 a            
fellow-student of ,chaitanya's maternal 
grandfather4 ,his sister's husband was  
,gopinath ,acharya1 who1 too1 lived at  
,puri4 ,also called the ,bhattacharya1  
and ,bhatta2 not to be confounded with  
the ,bhattacharya 7i4e41 ,balabhadra7 of
 ch4 xv-xxiii4  ,shalgram--a round dark 
pebble1 worshipped as an emblem of      
,vishnu1 7found in the ,gandak river74  
,shantipur--a town on the ,ganges1 some 
miles below ,navadwip4                  
,shastra--,scripture4  ,shikdar--the    
revenue collector of a district1 local  
governor4  ,shloka--a complete verse1   
couplet or quatrain4  ,shripad--a title 
of respect1 here applied to ,nityananda4
  ,shri-,vaishnav--one of the four main 
sects of the ,vaishnavs2 they adore     
,narayan and ,lakshmi 7,shri71 instead  
of ,krishna and ,radha4  ,shudra--the   
lowest caste among the ,hindus4         

,subhadra--the sister of ,krishna4      
,thug--a class of professional robbers  
who used to strangle or poison their    
victims1 after mixing with them on the  
way1 disguised as travellers4           
,tirtha--sacred place1 usually          
containing a bathing place4             
,tulsi--7#a7 the ,indian ,basil plant1  
sacred to ,vishnu1 and venerated by the 
,vaishnavs as almost divine4 ,she is the
 ,indian ,daphne 7,birdwood74 7#b7 the  
name of a minister of the king of       
,orissa4  ,vaikuntha--the heaven of     
,vishnu4  ,vaishnav--worshipper of      
,vishnu1 the preserver1 one incarnation 
of whom is ,krishna4 ,the ,shaivas are  
the worshippers of ,shiva the destroyer1
 while the ,shaktas are the worshippers 
of ,shakti or energy1 the wife of       
,shiva4  ,varaha--the ,boar1 the #crd   
incarnation of ,vishnu4                 
,vidya-nagar--,rajmahendri1 in the      
,madras presidency4  ,vrihaspati--the   
teacher of the gods2 hence1 a man versed
 in all the branches of learning4       

,vishwarup--,chaitanya's elder brother1 
who turned a sannyasi under the title of
 ,shankarayana and died in the monastery
 of ,pandharpur in ,southern ,india4    
,yug--era or cycle of time4             
,illustration3 ,,king ,,pratap ,,rudra  
,,bowing ,,to ,,chaitanya  7,from an old
 painting in the possession of the      
,zamindar of ,kunjaghata7               
,,chaitanya-,,charit-,,amrita           
,,chapter ,i  ,at the ,house of ,adwaita
  ,glory to ,shri ,chaitanya6 ,glory to 
,nityananda1 to ,adwaita1 and to all    
followers of ,gaur6 ,in the month of    
,magh when the ,master completed ,his   
twenty-fourth year1 in the bright       
fortnight1 ,he turned hermit4 ,then led 
by devotion ,he set off for ,brindaban1 
and wandered for three days in the ,rarh
 country1 hallowing it with ,his        
footsteps and chanting the following    
verse in rapture3  ,i too shall cross   
the terrible and dark ocean of the world
 by means of devotion to the ,supreme   
,being1 as the sages did of yore1 by    

service at the lotus-like feet of       
,mukunda4#a  ,the ,master said1 ,true   
are the words of this ,brahman1 who     
chose the service of ,mukunda as his    
life's task4 ,the highest robe in which 
a man can clothe himself is devotion to 
the ,supreme ,soul1 the service of      
,mukunda which brings salvation4 ,that  
robe he put on4 ,now shall ,i go to     
,brindaban and serve ,krishna in        
solitude4  ,so saying the ,master moved 
day and night1 the picture of religious 
ecstasy1 heedless which way ,he walked4 
,nityananda1 ,acharya ,ratna1 and       
,mukunda1 all three followed ,him4 ,all 
who saw ,him1 cried ,hari6 ,hari6 in    
devotion1 and forgot sorrow and loss4   
,the cow-boys shouted ,hari's name1 at  
the sight of the ,master1 who stroked   
their heads saying1 ,go on with your    
chant1 and thanked them saying1 ,blessed
 are ye6 ye have gratified me by pouring
 ,hari's name into my ears6 ,nityananda 
took the boys apart and thus tutored    
them1 ,when the ,master asks you about  

the road to ,brindaban1 show ,him the   
path leading to the ,ganges4 ,this they 
did and ,he took that path4 ,nityananda 
spoke to ,acharya ,ratna1 ,hasten to    
,adwaita and tell him that ,i shall lead
 the ,master to his house4 ,he should   
keep a boat ready at the riverside4     
,thence go to ,navadwip and fetch       
,shachi and all the disciples4  ,sending
 him off1 ,nityananda came before the   
,master and showed himself4 ,whither are
 you going1 ,shripad8 the ,master asked4
 ,with thee to ,brindaban was the reply4
 ,how far is ,brindaban8 ,behold1 yonder
 is the ,jamuna6 ,so saying ,nityananda 
led the ,master to the ,ganges4 ,this   
river ,he mistook for the ,jamuna4 ,he  
thanked ,his stars that ,he had beheld  
the ,jamuna1 sang its praise1 and after 
bowing bathed in it4 ,he had no second  
clothing except ,his loin-cloth with    
,him4 ,just then ,adwaita arrived in a  
boat1 with a fresh loin-cloth and upper 
garment1 and appeared bowing before the 
,master1 who was puzzled to see him and 

asked1 ,you are the ,acharya ,goswami4  
,why have you come here8 ,how did you   
know that ,i was at ,brindaban8 ,the    
,acharya replied ,it is ,brindaban      
wherever you are4 ,it is my good luck   
that you have come to the ,ganges bank4 
,the ,master said1 ,so1 ,nityananda has 
played me a trick3 he has led me to the 
,ganges and called it the ,jamuna6 ,the 
,acharya replied1 ,false are not the    
words of ,shripad4 ,you have now indeed 
bathed in the ,jamuna1 for the ,ganges  
and the ,jamuna flow in one channel1 the
 eastern waters being called ,ganga and 
the western 7in which you have bathed7  
,jamuna4 ,change your wet cloth for a   
dry one4 ,four days have you fasted in  
fervour of love4 ,come to my house      
to-day1 ,i invite thee4 ,i have cooked a
 handful of rice1 with dry coarse curry1
 broth and green herbs4 ,saying this he 
took the ,master on board to his house1 
and joyfully washed ,his feet4 ,his wife
 had al ready done the cooking4 ,the    
,acharya himself dedicated the food to  

,vishnu1 and served it in three equal   
portions4 ,description of the dinner    
omitted4  ,the ,master said1 ,long have 
you made me dance1 now leave it off4    
,dine with ,mukunda and ,haridas4 ,then 
the ,acharya broke his fast with those  
two1 to his heart's content4 ,the people
 of ,shantipur1 hearing of the ,master's
 arrival1 flocked to gaze on ,his feet4 
,in joy they cried ,hari6 ,hari6 and    
wondered at ,his beauty4 ,his fair      
complexion1 which eclipsed the ,sun in  
splendour1 was set off by his red robe4 
,endless streams of people came and went
 throughout the day4 ,at dusk the       
,acharya began a sankirtan2 he danced1  
while the ,master gazed on4 ,goswami    
,nityananda danced hand in hand with the
 ,acharya1 and ,haridas behind them4    
,this song accompanied their dance3     
,how shall ,i speak of my bliss to-day8 
,the ,beloved 7,krishna7 has entered my 
temple for ever6  ,with perspiration1   
thrill1 tears of joy1 shout1 and roar1  
they turned and turned1 touching the    

,master's feet now and then4 ,the       
,acharya embraced ,him and said ,long   
did you wander after escaping from me4  
,now that ,i have got you in my house1  
,i shall hold you fast6 ,so the ,achaiya
 continued dancing and singing for three
 hours after nightfall4 ,the ,master was
 in an attitude of longing as ,he had   
not yet gained union with ,krishna1 and 
this separation made ,his love burn the 
more fiercely4 ,impatiently ,he fell    
down on the ground1 at which the        
,acharya stopped his dance4 ,mukunda1   
who knew the ,master's heart well1 began
 to sing verses apt for ,his passion4   
,the ,acharya raised ,him to make ,him  
dance4 ,at the verses1 the ,master could
 no longer be held back4 ,he was all    
tears1 tremour1 thrill1 sweat1 and      
broken accents1--now rising up1 now     
falling down1 now weeping4      ,the    
song3 ,radha speaks      ,woe is me1    
dear sister1 for my present state6      
,the love of ,krishna has caught my body
 and soul like a poison4      ,my heart 

burns day and night2 ,i know no peace4  
,o that ,i could fly where ,kanu        
7,krishna7 is to be found6  ,sweetly did
 ,mukunda sing the above ditty1 which   
made the ,master's heart burst1 as the  
emotions of penitence1 melancholy1      
rapture1 frolicsomeness1 pride1 and     
humility struggled with it4 ,he was     
stricken down by the force of ,his      
passion1 and lay down breathless on the 
ground4 ,the faithful grew alarmed1 when
 lo6 ,he sprang up with a shout1        
overcome with ecstasy and saying ,chant1
 chant1 the name of ,hari4 ,none could  
under stand the strong tides of ,his    
emotion4  ,nityananda moved on holding  
,him1 while the ,acharya and ,haridas   
danced behind them4 ,three hours did ,he
 pass thus1 now joy now sadness surging 
in ,his heart4 ,the dinner had come     
after five days of fasting2 so the wild 
dance greatly fatigued ,him1 but ,he    
felt it not to ,his ecstasy4 ,nityananda
 held ,him back by main force2 the      
,acharya ended the kirtan1 and laid the 

,master in ,his bed with every care4    
,in the same way ten days were passed in
 dinners and singing4 ,in the morning   
the ,acharya brought mother ,shachi in a
 litter followed by the faithful4 ,all  
the people of ,navadwip came1--old and  
young1 men and women1--forming a vast   
crowd4 ,the ,master was dancing and     
singing the ,name1 when ,shachi arrived 
at ,adwaita's house and ,he fell prone  
at her feet4 ,she took ,him up into her 
bosom and wept1 both of them being rapt 
at seeing each other4 ,shachi was       
distracted at seeing ,his shaven crown3 
she wiped ,his body1 kissed ,his mouth1 
and gazed at ,him intently2 but could   
not see anything as tears filled her    
eyes4 ,she mourned saying1 ,my darling  
,nimai6 be not cruel to me as ,vishwarup
 was1 whom ,i never saw after he had    
turned hermit4 ,if you too do so1 it    
will be the death of me4 ,the ,master   
replied amidst tears1 ,listen1 mother6  
,this body is your gift and not my own4 
,my birth is from you1 my body has been 

nursed by you4 ,in ten million births ,i
 cannot repay my debt to you4 ,true1 ,i 
have become a sannyasi with or without  
your consent1 but ,i shall never slight 
your wishes4 ,i shall live wherever you 
bid me1 ,i shall do whatever you        
command4 ,so saying ,he bowed to her    
again and again1 while she joyfully     
clasped ,him repeatedly4  ,then the     
,acharya led her in1 and the ,master    
made haste to receive the faithful1     
welcoming them1 looking into their faces
 and embracing them1 one after another4 
,they grieved at the sight of ,his bare 
head1 and yet delighted at ,his beauty4 
,how can ,i name all the devotees       
,shrivas1 ,ramai1 ,vidyanidhi1          
,gadadhar1 ,gangadas1 ,vakreshwar1      
,murari1 ,shuklambar1 ,buddhimanta      
,khan1 ,nandan1 ,shridhar1 ,vijay1      
,vasudev1 ,damodar1 ,mukunda and        
,sanjay8 ,graciously ,he smiled on      
meeting the people of ,navadwip4 ,they  
danced in delight singing ,hari1 ,hari4 
,the ,acharya's house was turned into   

,vishnu's ,heaven4 ,from ,navadwip and  
many villages men flocked to see the    
,master4 ,for many days the ,acharya    
supplied them all with food1 drink and  
quarters2 his store was inexhaustible1  
the more he spent the more was it filled
 again4 ,from that day forward ,shachi  
herself did the cooking1 and the ,master
 dined in the company of the faithful4  
,in the day they had the ,acharya's love
 and the sight of the ,master1 at night 
,his dance and song4 ,while ,he was     
singing all passions swept over ,him1   
now ,he stood still1 now trembled1 now  
shed tears of joy or uttered broken     
words1 now ,he fainted4 ,at times ,he   
fell down on the ground1 at which mother
 ,shachi wept1 saying ,methinks ,nimai's
 body has been shattered4 ,then she     
piteously prayed to ,vishnu1 ,grant me  
this reward for my worship of thee since
 my infancy1 that when ,nimai falls on  
the ground1 it may not hurt ,him6 ,the  
loving mother ,shachi was out of herself
 with transports of delight and         

meekness4  ,shrinivas and other         
,brahmans wanted to feast the ,master4  
,but ,shachi entreated them saying1     
,where again shall ,i see ,nimai8 ,you  
will meet ,him elsewhere1 but for me1   
miserable one1 this is ,his only visit4 
,therefore1 so long as ,he lives with   
the ,acharya1 ,i shall feed ,him4 ,i beg
 this favour of you all4  ,the faithful 
bowed in assent to the mother's wish4   
,the ,master too1 caught ,his mother's  
love-longing and said to ,his assembled 
followers3 ,i had started for ,brindaban
 without your consent4 ,so my journey   
was cut short by a hindrance4 ,true1 ,i 
have embraced the monastic life all of a
 sudden1 yet ,i shall not be dead to you
 all4 ,i shall not leave you in life1   
nor shall ,i leave my mother4 ,it does  
not1 however1 become a hermit to live   
with his kindred in his birth-place4    
,let me not lay myself open to this     
charge4 ,devise a means by which ,i can 
be true to both my duties4  ,at these   
sweet words1 the ,acharya and others    

went to ,shachi and told her of ,his    
wish4 ,shachi1 the ,mother of the       
,world1 answered1 ,i shall be happy if  
,he stays here1 but if ,he is blamed it 
will grieve me4 ,this plan strikes me as
 a happy solution3 let ,him live on the 
,nilachal 7,puri71 which is as it were a
 next door house from ,navadwip2 men    
pass frequently between the two places1 
and ,i shall always get news of ,him4   
,you all may come and go1 and ,he too   
may sometimes visit ,navadwip at the    
,ganges bath4 ,i count not my own joy or
 sorrow4 ,what makes ,him happy is      
happiness to me4  ,the faithful praised 
her1 ,mother1 thy words are like an     
oracle of the gods6 ,at their report the
 ,master rejoiced1 did reverence to the 
people of ,navadwip and other adorers1  
and said1 ,you are my greatest friends4 
,grant this my prayer1 all of you1 that 
you may ever in your homes sing         
,krishna's sankirtan1 ,krishna's name1  
,krishna's deeds1 ,krishna's worship4   
,now give me leave to go to the         

,nilachal2 ,i shall visit you between   
whiles4 ,smiling ,he bade them farewell 
with due respect4 ,but when ,he wished  
to start1 ,haridas cried piteously ,you 
are going to the ,nilachal1 but what    
will be my salvation8 ,i have not       
strength enough to go there4 ,how can   
this lowly one hold to his sinful life  
without getting sight of you8 ,the      
,master answered1 ,have done with thy   
self-abasement4 ,it agitates my mind4   
,for thy sake ,i shall pray to          
,jagannath2 ,i shall take thee to       
,purushottam4 ,then the ,acharya meekly 
begged ,him to stay for a few days more1
 and the ,master listened to him and did
 not go away4 ,so1 the ,acharya1        
,shachi1 and the faithful rejoiced4     
,daily did the ,acharya hold the grand  
celebration the sweet discourse on      
,krishna in the company of the devout in
 the day-time1 and the revelry of       
sankirtan at night4 ,joyfully did       
,shachi cook1 and merrily did the       
,master dine with the faithful4 ,the    

service of the ,master brought          
fulfilment to ,acharya's reverence1     
devotion1 home1 and wealth1 while       
,shachi delighted in gazing on her son1 
and feasting ,him to her heart's        
content4  ,thus did the faithful beguile
 some days in the ,acharya's house in   
great bliss4 ,at last the ,master told  
them1 ,go you all to your own homes2    
there make ,krishna's sankirtan4 ,we    
shall meet again2 sometimes you will go 
to ,puri1 at others ,i shall come to you
 at the ,bathing in the ,ganges4        
,goswami ,nityananda1 ,pandit           
,jagadananda1 ,pandit ,damodar1 and     
,mukunda ,datta1 these four#b were sent 
by the ,acharya to bear the ,master     
company4 ,comforting ,his mother1 ,he   
bowed at her feet1 walked round her1 and
 then set off4 ,the cry of lamentation  
rose in the ,acharya's house1 but the   
,master quickened ,his pace1 heedless of
 it4 ,adwaita followed ,him some        
distance weeping1 when ,he turned back  
with clasped hands1 solaced him1 and    

spoke these gentle words1 ,you should   
comfort my mother and look after the    
congregation1 for if you give way to    
grief they will all die6 ,embracing ,he 
turned ,adwaita back1 and passed on     
freely4 ,to the bank of the ,ganges ,he 
went with the four1 and then to ,puri by
 way of ,chhatrabhog4#c ,madhya ,lila1  
text1 canto #c4  #a ,from the ,brahman  
mendicant's speech reported in the      
,shrimad ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xxiii4 verse  
#ec4  #b ,the ,chaitanya ,bhagabat      
mentions two others1 ,govinda and       
,gadadhar1 7,,iii4 #b74  #c             
,chhatrabhog4 ,a village where the      
,ganges divides into innumerable        
branches before falling into the sea4   
,it is famous for its submerged ,shiva  
styled ,ambu-linga4  ,illustration      
,,chapter ,,ii4  ,the ,miracles of      
,madhav ,puri  ,so the ,master went to  
the ,nilachal1 with ,his four           
companions1 absorbed in the kirtan      
7singing7 of ,krishna4 ,one day ,he     
entered a village and brought back a    

large quantity of rice by personally    
begging for alms4 ,on the way the       
ferrymen did not refuse ,him a crossing4
 ,he blessed them and came to ,remuna1  
#a where ,he devoutly visited the       
charming image of ,gopinath4 ,as ,he    
bowed down at the feet of the image1 the
 bunch of flowers on its crown dropped  
upon ,his head4 ,at this ,master        
rejoiced and danced and sang long with  
the faithful4 ,the attendants of        
,gopinath marvelled at ,his power1      
ardour1 beauty1 and accomplishments1 and
 served ,him in many ways4 ,there ,he   
passed the night1 in desire of the kshir
 prasad 7condensed milk7 of which ,he   
had heard from ,ishwar ,puri before4    
,the god was known as the ,gopinath who 
stole the kshir1 because1 as the        
devotees told the tale1 he had once     
stolen kshir for ,madhav ,puri4  ,in    
days gone by ,madhav ,puri had wandered 
on to ,govardhan1 near ,brindaban1 in   
his ecstasy heeding not whether it was  
day or night1 and falling down to the   

ground without caring what sort of place
 it was4 ,after making a circuit of the 
rock1 he came to the ,govinda-kunda     
7pool71 bathed1 and sat down under a    
tree in the evening4 ,a ,cow-boy came   
and held a pail of milk before him1     
saving with a smile1 ,puri6 drink this  
milk4 ,why don't you take what you have 
longed for8 ,what are you musing on8    
,the ,child's beauty charmed the heart  
of the ,puri1 and his sweet words took  
away his hunger and thirst4 ,the ,puri  
asked1 ,who are you and where do you    
live8 ,how did you know that ,i was     
fasting8 ,the ,boy answered1 ,i am a    
milk-man of this village4 ,in my village
 none can remain fasting4 ,some beg for 
rice1 some for milk4 ,i convey food to  
those who do not beg4 ,the women who had
 come to draw water saw you1 and sent me
 with this milk for you4 ,i must be off 
now to milk my cows1 but ,i shall come  
again for my pail4 ,then the ,boy went  
away and was not seen again4 ,madhav    
,puri wondered1 laid the emptied pail   

down1 and began to pray without         
sleeping4 ,towards the end of the night 
he dozed off into unconsciousness1 and  
dreamt that the ,boy came and led him by
 the hand to a bower saying ,here ,i    
dwell1 suffering much from cold and     
rain1 wind and sun4 ,bring the villagers
 together1 remove me from the bower to  
the hill-top and there lodge me properly
 in a monastery4 ,bathe me profusely in 
cold water4 ,long have ,i looked forward
 to the day when ,madhav would come to  
serve me4 ,moved by thy love ,i have    
accepted thy service1 and ,i shall      
appear in the flesh to save the world by
 my sight4 ,i am ,gopal1 the ,uplifter  
of ,govardhan ,hill4 ,my image was      
installed by ,king ,bajra1#b and is the 
guardian deity of this place4 ,my       
attendant1 in fear of the misbelievers1 
removed me from the hill to this grove  
for concealment and then fled4 ,since   
then ,i have been here4 ,it is well that
 you have come4 ,now bring me out       
carefully4 ,so saying the ,boy          

disappeared4 ,madhav ,puri awoke1 and   
judging that he had seen ,shri ,krishna 
without recognizing him1 he rolled on   
the ground in a transport of devotion4  
,after some weeping he calmed his mind  
and set about to carry out the ,lord's  
bidding4 ,after his morning bath he went
 into the village1 called the people    
together1 and said1 ,the ,lord of your  
village1 the ,uplifter of ,govardhan1 is
 in a grove4 ,let us seek him out4 ,the 
grove is dense and hard to enter4 ,take 
hatchets and spades with yourselves to  
make a door4 ,the villagers joyfully    
accompanied him1 and cut an entrance    
into the grove1 where they found to     
their joy and wonder the image lying    
hidden under earth and grass4 ,removing 
the covering they knew 7the image74 ,but
 it was very heavy1 so the strongest men
 joined together to take it up the hill4
 ,there the idol was placed on a stone  
seat1 with another big stone at its back
 as a support4 ,the ,brahmans of the    
village fetched water from the          

,govinda-kunda in fresh pots4 ,nine     
hundred pots of water were brought2 many
 musical instruments were played2 the   
women sang4 ,it was a great festival    
with dancing and singing4 ,all the curd 
milk and ghee in the village were       
brought there with sweets1 and all other
 articles of offering4 ,the image was   
bathed by ,madhav ,puri himself1        
worshipped and installed there4 ,all the
 food available in the village was      
brought to the hill1 offered to the god 
and an anna-kut 7pyramid of consecrated 
food7 was formed4 ,in one day's         
preparation this grand feast was        
accomplished4 ,the image was laid on a  
bedstead1 a straw thatch built over it1 
with walls of straw4  ,the ,goswami     
,puri ordered the ,brahmans to feast all
 the villagers1 old and young4 ,they    
dined1 the ,brahmans and ,brahmanis     
first1 then the others in due order4    
,the people who came from other villages
 looked at ,gopal and got his prasad4   
,men wondered at the power of the ,puri 

who had produced the pyramid of rice4   
,he brought all the ,brahmans to        
,vaishnavism and employed them in the   
various services 7of the god74 ,again1  
at close of day he roused the god1      
offered some light refreshments as bhog4
 ,it was noised abroad that ,gopal had  
appeared there1 and people flocked from 
neighbouring villages to see the god4   
,the villagers joyfully gave feasts in  
honour of him on different days1 each   
building up a pyramid of rice4 ,at night
 the image was laid to rest2 the ,puri  
drank a little milk4  ,next morning the 
same kind of service began4 ,the people 
of a village came with all their milk1  
curd1 ghee and rice1 and offered them to
 ,gopal4 ,the ,brahmans cooked as before
 and ,gopal tasted of the heap of rice4 
,the people of ,brindaban love ,gopal of
 themselves1 and he too loves them4     
,they all came1 partook of the holy     
prasad and forgot their sorrow and loss 
at the sight of him4 ,from other        
provinces men arrived with presents when

 they heard that ,gopal had appeared    
there4 ,the rich men of ,mathura sent   
costly offerings out of devotion4 ,gold1
 silver1 cloth1 incense and food stuffs 
were daily presented in vast quantities 
and swelled the store 7of the temple74  
,one very rich ,kshatriya built the     
temple 7at his own cost71 some one else 
the kitchen1 another the walls4 ,the    
citizen of ,brindaban presented a cow   
each1 and thus ,gopal got a thousand    
cows4 ,two ,brahman hermits came from   
,bengal1 and the ,puri received them    
with attention1 made them his disciples1
 and entrusted to them the service of   
the god4 ,so he waited on the god for   
some two years1 glad to see him served  
right royally4  ,one night the ,puri had
 a dream1 in which ,gopal spoke to him1 
,i burn1 ,i burn6 ,rub me with sandal   
wood from the ,blue ,mountain1 and from 
nowhere else1 and then shall ,i be      
cooled4 ,go there quickly4 ,the ,puri1  
inspired by devotion1 travelled to the  
eastern country to do the ,lord's       

behest1 appointing others to carry on   
the service4 ,at ,shantipur he visited  
,adwaita ,acharya1 who was moved by his 
devotion to get himself initiated by him
 and became his disciple4 ,thence the   
,puri proceeded south i4e41 to ,orissa1 
and at ,remuna saw the ,gopinath1 whose 
beauty threw him into ecstasy4 ,after   
singing and dancing he sat down in the  
vestibule and asked the 7attendant7     
,brahman about the different dishes     
served to the god4 ,the splendour of the
 service made him infer that the bhog   
was excellent4 ,so he resolved to       
inquire into the character of the bhog  
and appoint it for his ,gopal too4 ,the 
,brahman described to him how twelve    
earthen pots full of kshir1 called      
amrita-keli 7the cream of nectar7 famous
 and unmatched in the world1 were       
offered to the god every evening4 ,just 
then that bhog was presented4 ,the ,puri
 only thought1 ,if ,i can get a little  
of the kshir prasad unasked1 ,i may     
learn its taste for the purpose of      

establishing it as my ,gopa's bhog4 ,but
 the longing shamed him and he prayed to
 ,vishnu4  ,then the bhog was removed   
and the arati was celebrated4 ,the ,puri
 bowed and went out without saying a    
word4 ,he was passionless1 indifferent  
to the world1 vowed not to ask for      
anything4 ,if he got anything unasked he
 ate it1 otherwise he fasted2 the nectar
 of love was enough for him1 he felt not
 hunger or thirst4 ,that he had coveted 
the kshir struck him as a sin4 ,so he   
sat down in the deserted square of the  
village-market singing hymns4  ,in the  
meantime the priest laid the image to   
sleep1 finished his duties1 and went to 
bed1 where he had a dream4 ,the god came
 and told him1 ,up1 priest1 and open my 
door4 ,i have kept a pot of kshir for   
the hermit4 ,you will find it concealed 
under the skirt of my lower garment4    
,you all did not notice it under my     
illusion4 ,take the kshir quickly to    
,madhav ,puri who is sitting in the     
market place4 ,the priest arose1 bathed1

 opened the shrine1 and found the kshir 
under the lappet of the god's dhoti4 ,he
 washed the spot and went into the      
village with the pot of kshir and walked
 through the market crying1 ,take this  
kshir1 whosoever is named ,madhav ,puri6
 ,for your sake ,gopinath had concealed 
this kshir4 ,take it and eat it1 ,puri1 
thou luckiest man in the three worlds4  
,at this the ,puri disclosed himself4   
,the priest gave him the kshir1 bowed1  
and told the whole story1 to the rapture
 of the ,puri4 ,the attendant priest    
marvelled at his devotion and said1 ,it 
is only fitting that ,krishna should be 
obedient to him4  ,lovingly did the     
,puri drink the kshir1 then he washed   
the pot1 broke it1 and tied the sherds  
in a corner of his sheet1 eating one of 
the broken pieces every day1 at which he
 grew wonderfully enraptured4 ,at the   
close of the night he set off for ,puri 
7,jagannath71 bowing to ,gopinath then  
and there1 in fear that a crowd would   
gather round him next morning1 when they

 heard that the ,lord had sent him      
kshir4  ,so he fared on1 till he came to
 ,puri in the ,blue ,mountain2 the sight
 of ,jagannath threw him into an        
ecstasy1 he rose up and fell down1 he   
laughed1 danced1 and sang1 in intense   
delight4 ,it was noised abroad that     
,madhav ,puri had come to the holy      
place3 men flocked to do him reverence4 
,such is the nature of fame1 it comes   
,god-sent to those who seek it not4 ,in 
fear of public notice the ,puri had fled
 thither1 but fame clung to this devotee
 of ,krishna all the way4 ,eager as he  
was to escape from the place1 the need  
of sandal for his god held him back4 ,he
 told the story of ,gopal to the        
attendants of ,jagannath and the        
mohants1 and begged sandal wood for him4
 ,the faithful exerted themselves for   
it4 ,those who knew the ,rajah's        
minister 7patra7 begged him and thus    
collected the camphor and sandal4 ,a    
,brahman and a servant for carrying the 
sandal were sent with the ,puri1 and    

given their travelling expenses4 ,royal 
passports were given to the ,puri by the
 minister1 addressed to the officers of 
the frontier outposts and the ferries4  
,so he returned to ,remuna after some   
time1 made many bows to ,gopinath1 and  
danced and sang long in rapture4 ,the   
servitors of the temple did him         
reverence and fed him on the kshir      
prasad4 ,while sleeping in the temple1  
he had a dream at the close of night3   
,gopal came and told him1 ,hark thee1   
,madhav6 ,i have got all the camphor and
 sandal4 ,rub this sandal with camphor  
and anoint ,gopinath with it daily4     
,gopinath's body is one with mine6 ,lay 
the sandal on him and ,i shall feel the 
cooling effect4 ,doubt not1 hesitate    
not1 believe and give up the sandal as  
,i bid you4 ,so saying1 ,gopal vanished2
 the ,goswami awoke1 called together the
 servitors of ,gopinath1 and told them1 
,the ,lord bids you rub all this sandal 
and camphor on ,gopinath's person2 for  
thus will ,gopal be cooled4 ,he is the  

,supreme ,lord and his order is mighty4 
,in summer ,gopinath should be anointed 
with sandal paste4 ,the servitors       
rejoiced at it4 ,the ,puri set the two  
men to rub the sandal into paste and    
hired two other men also for the work4  
,so he daily rubbed the sandal and the  
attending priests laid it on gleefully4 
,he stayed there doing this till the    
sandal was all gone4 ,at the end of     
summer he again went to the ,nilachal   
and passed there four months4  ,the     
,master told ,his disciples of the sweet
 life of ,madhav ,puri and remarked1    
,think of it1 ,nityananda2 happiest of  
men is the ,puri4 ,krishna appeared to  
him on the pretext of giving him milk4  
,thrice did he appear to him in dream to
 lay his commands4 ,his love so         
influenced the god that he revealed     
himself1 accepted the ,puri's service1  
and saved the world4 ,for his sake      
,gopinath stole the kshir and got the   
surname of kshir-stealer4 ,on the god's 
body did he lay camphor and sandal1 and 

his love overflowed at it4 ,hard it is  
to carry camphor and sandal through a   
,muslim country 7,bengal and ,upper     
,india74 ,gopal knew that the ,puri     
would be put in distress in doing this  
task4 ,so1 the gracious god1 ever tender
 to his devotees1 himself took the      
sandal 7at ,remuna7 in order that the   
,puri's task might be done4 ,think of   
the ,puri's extreme devotion6 ,it       
transcends nature1 it amazes the mind6  
,he is silent1 passionless1 indifferent 
to every earthly thing4 ,he keeps with  
himself no companion1 lest he should    
have to speak on any ungodly material   
subject4 ,that such a man1 on receiving 
,gopal's command1 travelled two thousand
 miles to beg for sandal6 ,he lay       
fasting and yet did not ask for food6   
,such a man carried the sandal one maund
 of sandal and #bj tolas of camphor1    
rejoicing that he would lay them on     
,gopal6 ,the frontier custom-officer of 
,orissa stopped him but he showed the   
royal pass and was set free4 ,he never  

reflected how he would carry the sandal 
through the ,muslim land1 long distance1
 and countless hindrances4 ,he had not a
 shell 7kowri7 with him to pay duty at  
the custom barrier1 and yet in his      
enthusiasm he set forth to carry the    
sandal4 ,such is the natural effect of  
true love1--not to think of one's own   
sufferings and troubles6 ,gopal had     
bidden him bring the sandal1 only to    
show to the world the ,puri's deep      
devotion4 ,and he brought it joyfully   
through all hardships to ,remuna4 ,gopal
 had meant by it only to try him1 and   
when the trial was over the god grew    
gracious4 ,we are powerless to          
understand the depth of his love for    
,krishna and ,krishna's graciousness to 
his devotee4  ,so saying the ,master    
recited a stanza of the ,puri's         
composition1 which has lighted the world
 like the moon4 ,discourse on the stanza
 only revealed its full beauty1 just as 
the odour of sandal wood spreads with   
rubbing4 ,i deem this stanza the rarest 

gem in poetry4 ,radha speaks it through 
the mouth of ,madhavendra4 ,how did     
,chaitanya relish it6 ,none besides     
these three can know its full flavour4  
,the ,puri finally attained to the      
supreme realization i4e41 death1        
reciting this stanza3      ,the stanza  
,radhika speaks3--      ,o ,lord6       
,gracious to the lowly6 thou art now in 
,mathura4 ,when wilt thou come to me8   
,darling mine6     my heart runs about  
in pain of longing to see thee4         
,what shall ,i do8  ,on reciting the    
stanza the ,master fell down on the     
ground in a trance1 senseless with the  
intensity of love4 ,nityananda hurriedly
 took ,him up in his arms4 ,chaitanya   
rose weeping1 and ran hither and thither
 in a transport of devotion1 shouting1  
laughing1 dancing1 and singing4 ,oft did
 ,he repeat the first word of the       
stanza1 ,his voice choked with emotion  
and tears running down ,his cheeks4 ,he 
trembled1 perspired1 wept with joy1     
stood still1 changed colour1 now showing

 remorse1 now grief1 now stupor1 now    
pride or meekness4 ,the stanza opened   
the gate of ,his love4 ,the servitors of
 ,gopinath gazed on tke ,master's       
outpouring of love4 ,but ,he came back  
to ,himself on seeing a crowd gathering4
 ,the bhog was performed1 then the      
arati4 ,the priest laid the god to rest1
 came out of the shrine and placed the  
twelve pots of kshir before the ,master1
 who joyfully took five pots for        
,himself and ,his disciples and returned
 the other seven to the priest4 ,true1  
the sight of ,gopinath had been food    
enough for ,him2 but ,he now drank the  
kshir as a mark of reverence4 ,the night
 was passed in singing the ,name4 ,in   
the morning ,he attended the mangal     
arati and then departed4 ,text1 canto   
#d4  #a ,remuna1 #aj miles north-west of
 ,baleshwar in ,orissa4  #b ,the        
great-grandson of ,krishna and his      
successor on the throne of ,mathura4    
,,chapter ,,iii  ,the ,legend of ,gopal 
the ,witness  ,glory to ,chaitanya6     

,glory to ,nityananda6 ,glory to        
,adwaita6 and ,glory to the followers of
 ,chaitanya6  ,on ,his way the ,master  
came to the village of ,jajpur1 where   
,he bowed to the image of ,varaha4 ,he  
danced and sang in love and prayed long1
 passing the night in that village4 ,to 
,katak#a ,he went to see the            
,sakshi-,gopal1 whose beauty threw ,him 
into a rapture4 ,after dance and song   
,he prayed to the ,gopal with           
abstraction4 ,that night during ,his    
halt there with ,his disciples ,he heard
 the legend of ,gopal4 ,nityananda in   
his former pilgrimage had come to       
,katak1 seen the ,sakshi-,gopal1 and    
heard the legends of the god1 which he  
now narrated to the ,master4 ,once on a 
time two ,brahmans of ,vidya-nagar      
,rajmahendri set out on a pilgrimage1   
and after visiting ,gaya1 ,benares1     
,allahabad1 c41 reached ,mathura4 ,they 
made a tour of the ,maha- ban1 and      
beheld ,govardhan and the ,twelve       
,woods1 known as ,dwadash ban1 finally  

going to ,brindaban4 ,in the great      
temple ,gopal was worshipped with great 
pomp4 ,they bathed at the ,keshi ghat1  
the pool of ,kaliya1 and other places1  
and rested in the temple of ,gopal1     
whose beauty ravished their hearts4     
,there they blissfully passed a few     
days4 ,one of the ,brahmans being old   
had been tended carefully by the younger
 one4 ,the old man1 pleased with his    
attendance1 said1 ,long have you served 
me1 and through your help have ,i       
performed my pilgrimage4 ,even a son    
does not serve his father so lovingly4  
,through your kindness ,i have been     
saved every trouble4 ,it will be rank   
ingratitude if ,i do not honour you4 ,so
 ,i shall wed my daughter to you4 ,the  
youth replied1 ,listen1 sir6 ,why talk  
of that which cannot be8 ,you are a high
 kulin1 great in learning and ,wealth1  
while ,i am a non-kulin lacking in      
scholarship and riches4 ,i am no worthy 
match for your daughter4 ,through love  
of ,krishna have ,i served you1 as he is

 pleased with attention to ,brahmans4   
,what pleases the ,lord increases the   
store of faith4 ,the elder answered1    
,doubt not4 ,what wonder is there in it 
that ,i should give you my daughter8    
,the younger ,brahman rejoined1 ,you    
have a large circle of kindred1 friends 
and sons1 without whose consent you     
cannot possibly wed your daughter to me4
 ,witness the case of ,bhishmak1 the    
father of ,rukmini1 who was opposed by  
his son in giving his daughter1 as he   
wished1 to ,krishna4 ,the old man       
answered1 ,my daughter is my property4  
,who can oppose me in giving away what  
is mine8 ,i shall give you my daughter  
in despite of all4 ,don't doubt it1 but 
derive your consent4 ,the youth said1   
,if you have really decided to give me  
your daughter1 make a vow before ,gopal4
 ,the old ,brahman addressed ,gopal and 
said1 ,know that ,i shall give my       
daughter to this man4 ,the youth added1 
,lord1 be thou my witness1 and ,i shall 
summon thee to give thy testimony if he 

breaks his promise4  ,so saying the two 
returned to their homes1 the young man  
serving the other like an elder4 ,the   
old man now reflected1 ,i pledged my    
word to this ,brahman in a holy place1  
but how can ,i keep it8 ,i must consult 
my wife1 sons1 kindred and friends4 ,so1
 one day he gathered his own folk and   
told them the whole story1 at which they
 lamented and cried ,never utter such   
words again6 ,you will lose your kul if 
you wed your daughter to a low-born man4
 ,you will be a laughing stock to all6  
,the ,brahman urged1 ,how can ,i retract
 a promise made in a holy place8 ,come  
what may1 ,i will give him my daughter4 
,his kinsfolk threatened to boycott him1
 and his wife and children to take      
poison4 ,the ,brahman pleaded1 ,he will 
make a case of it by calling his        
witness4 ,when he wins my daughter by a 
decree1 my faith will be proved         
worthless6 ,his son answered1 ,oh6 the  
witness is an idol in a far-off land4   
,who will bear testimony against you8   

,do not be alarmed4 ,you need not tell  
the lie that you had never made him such
 a promise2 you will only have to       
pretend forgetfulness4 ,if you do that  
,i shall beat the ,brahman in court4 ,at
 this the ,brahman1 full of anxiety1    
prayed intently to ,gopal1 ,gopal1 to   
thee ,i appeal3 save my faith and save  
my kindred1 save both sides6  ,one day  
the younger ,brahman visited him1 bowed 
reverently1 and said with folded hands1 
,you promised me your daughter1 but are 
now silent on the point6 ,is this your  
sense of justice8 ,the old man remained 
silent2 but his son ran with a stick to 
beat the visitor1 crying1 ,wretch6 you  
want to wed my sister6 ,dwarf1 you wish 
to catch the moon6 ,the youth fled1 but 
another day he called all the villagers 
together1 who summoned the old man4     
,then the younger ,brahman spoke1 ,this 
man promised his daughter to me4 ,ask   
him why he does not give her up now4 ,on
 being questioned by the people1 the    
elder ,brahman replied1 ,listen1        

friends1 ,i do not remember what ,i said
 so long ago4 ,at this his son got the  
chance to put in his words boldly1 ,my  
father had much money with him during   
his pilgrimage4 ,this villain1 his only 
companion1 coveted the money1           
intoxicated him with dhutura1 robbed him
 and said that thieves had taken away   
his money1 and then spread the tale that
 he had promised his daughter to him4   
,judge ye all1 whether he is a worthy   
match for my sister4 ,the assembled     
people were filled with suspicion1 as   
greed often makes men commit sin4 ,the  
younger ,brahman pleaded1 ,hear1 my     
masters1 he is lying to win the case4   
,his father1 pleased with my attendance1
 promised me his daughter voluntarily1  
and when ,i declined alleging my        
unworthiness and our disparity in       
wealth1 learning and kul1 he repeatedly 
pressed me to accept her1 and at my     
suggestion called ,gopal to witness his 
promise4 ,i conjured the god to bear    
testimony for me1 should this ,brahman  

break his word4 ,he is my witness1 whose
 word is held true in the three worlds4 
,the old man replied1 ,this is good4 ,if
 ,gopal appears here and bears          
testimony1 ,i shall certainly give you  
my daughter4 ,his son agreed to it4 ,the
 old man only thought1 ,kind is         
,krishna4 ,surely he will bear my word  
out4 ,his son was confident that the    
image would not come to act as a        
witness4 ,so thinking diversely they    
agreed4 ,at the younger ,brahman's      
request both parties signed a written   
deed of agreement to abide by this test1
 to prevent future disputes4 ,it was    
left with an umpire4 ,the young man     
continued1 ,listen1 all ye here6 ,this  
,brahman is pious and true of speech1   
never wishing to retract his word4 ,it  
is only his fear of the suicide of his  
kinsfolk that has made him tell a lie4  
,thanks to his piety1 ,i will bring     
,krishna as a witness and enable ,hm to 
keep his word4 ,at this the sceptics    
laughed2 some said1 ,god is good1 ,he   

may come4  ,then the younger ,brahman   
went to ,brindaban1 prostrated himself  
and prayed to the image1 ,god of the    
,brahmans6 thou art ever kind4 ,have    
pity and save the honour of two         
,brahmans4 ,i mind not whether ,i get   
the girl or not1 but it would be a great
 pity if a ,brahman's promise is broken4
 ,for this reason1 do thou bear witness1
 for he who will not bear testimony to  
the truth that he knows1 commits a sin4 
,krishna replied1 ,brahman6 return home1
 assemble the public1 and meditate on   
me4 ,i shall appear and give my         
evidence4 ,but my image can not be taken
 there4 ,the ,brahman protested1 ,even  
if you appear in your four-armed form1  
none will believe you4 ,but if this very
 image goes there and speaks out of its 
mouth1 then all will deem it true4      
,krishna said1 ,nobody ever heard of an 
idol travelling6 ,the ,brahman replied  
,why do you speak of being an idol8 ,you
 are not a mere image but the ,darling  
of ,brindaban4 ,do an unprecedented act 

for the sake of a ,brahman4 ,laughingly 
,gopal said1 ,hear1 ,brahman1 ,i shall  
travel after you2 but do not look       
behind1 or else ,i shall stop there4    
,you will hear 7on the way7 only the    
jingling of my nupur1 and thus know that
 ,i am going on4 ,give me one seer of   
rice daily1 which ,i shall eat when     
accompanying you4 ,next day1 after      
taking the ,lord's leave1 the ,brahman  
set out on his return1 delighted to hear
 the jingle of the nupur behind him1 and
 offering excellent rice to the image4  
,so he arrived near his village and then
 thought1 ,now have ,i come to my       
village and shall go home and tell the  
people of the arrival of my witness4    
,but ,i cannot believe if ,i do not see 
him with my own eyes4 ,it will be no    
harm if he stays here4 ,so he looked    
behind him2 and ,gopal stopped there1   
saying with a smile1 ,go home2 here will
 ,i stay without going any further4     
,when the ,brahman reported the tale1   
the people marvelled at it1 and came to 

see the witness4 ,they bowed to ,gopal1 
delighted with his beauty and amazed to 
hear that the image had travelled       
thither4 ,then the old ,brahman in joy  
prostrated himself before ,gopal1 who   
gave his evidence before the people1 and
 the younger ,brahman got his betrothed 
bride4 ,the ,lord spoke to the two      
,brahmans1 ,you will be my servants     
birth after birth4 ,i am pleased with   
you2 beg a boon4 ,they prayed together1 
,grant us this that you remain here1 so 
that all may know your favour to your   
servants4 ,gopal remained there1 and the
 two served him4 ,the people of the     
country flocked to see him4 ,the king of
 the land heard the wonderful legend and
 beheld the ,gopal with supreme delight4
 ,he built a temple and endowed the     
service of the god1 who became famous   
under the name of ,,gopal ,,the         
,,witness4 ,thus has ,sakshi-,gopal     
accepted1 worship and stayed at         
,vidya-nagar for long4 ,purushottam1 the
 ,rajah of ,orissa1 conquered the       

country in battle and seized the        
many-jewelled throne named              
manik-sinhasan4 ,purushottam ,dev was a 
great devotee and entreated ,gopal to go
 to his capital4 ,gopal1 pleased with   
his piety1 consented and was taken to   
,katak1 where his worship was installed4
 ,the ,rajah gave the manik-sinhasan to 
,jagannath4 ,his queen1 when visiting   
,gopal1 gave him many ornaments in      
devotion4 ,a costly pearl hung from her 
nose1 and wishing to give it too she    
reflected1 ,ah1 if there had been a hole
 in the ,lord's nose1 ,i1 his hand maid1
 could have made him put this pearl on6 
,with this thought she bowed and        
returned home4 ,at the end of the night 
,gopal appeared to her in a dream and   
said1 ,in my infancy my mother had bored
 my nose and very tenderly hung there a 
pearl4 ,the hole is there still4 ,make  
me wear the pearl you wished to give4   
,the queen spoke to her husband1 and the
 two went to the temple with the pearl1 
hung it from the hole in the nose which 

was found out1 and a great festival of  
joy was held4 ,from that day on has     
,gopal stayed at ,katak and been known  
as ,sakshi-,gopal4  ,the master with all
 ,his disciples heard the legend of     
,gopal from ,nityananda and was         
delighted4 ,while ,he stood before      
,gopal1 the faithful seemed to see them 
both as of one body1 of one complexion1 
large-limbed1 red-robed1 grave of mien1 
beaming with glory1 lotus-eyed1         
moon-faced1 both of them in rapture for 
each other4  ,at the sight of both1     
,nityananda in great joy winked at the  
faithful and they all smiled4 ,so the   
night was passed in great entertainment1
 and next morning1 after witnessing the 
matin service1 they set off4            
,brindaban-das has described fully how  
,he visited ,bhubaneshwar on the way 7to
 the ,blue ,mountain74 ,at ,kamalpur ,he
 bathed in the ,bhagi #b river1 and gave
 ,his mendicant's stick to ,nityananda  
to carry4 ,with his disciples ,he went  
to see ,kapoteshwar ,shiva4 ,here       

,nityananda broke the ,master's stick   
into three and threw it 7into the       
river74 ,from that ,shiva shrine the    
,master returned1 and was thrown into   
ecstasy by the sight of the spire #c of 
the temple of ,jagannath4 ,he prostrated
 ,himself and danced in love2 the       
disciples too1 in love1 danced and sang1
 following the ,master on the highway4  
,he laughed1 wept1 danced1 roared and   
shouted1 and made a thousand leagues of 
those six miles4 ,on reaching           
,athara-nala 7,eighteen ,water courses7 
the ,master came to ,his senses a little
 and asked ,nityananda for ,his stick4  
,but ,nityananda answered1 ,it was      
broken into three bits4 ,you fell down  
in a swoon of devotion1 and as ,i caught
 you1 we two tumbled on the stick which 
was broken by our weight4 ,i know not   
where it was dropped4 ,through my fault 
was your stick broken4 ,punish me as you
 think fit4 ,the ,master was sad and    
spoke a little bitterly1 ,you have all  
done me great good1 forsooth1 by coming 

to the ,blue ,mountain6 ,you could not  
even preserve the stick1 my only        
property4 ,you go before me to see      
,jagannath or let me go there before    
you4 ,but we will not go together4      
,mukunda ,datta said1 ,master1 go thou  
before us2 we shall arrive after and not
 in thy company4 ,the ,master hastened  
there4 ,none could understand the cause 
why one ,master broke the other's stick 
and why the latter suffered it to be    
done1 or was angry at the result4 ,the  
deep mystery of the breaking of the     
stick can be understood only by him who 
has constant faith in the two ,masters4 
,text1 canto #e4  #a ,the image of      
,sakshi-,gopal is now installed at a    
village of the same name #dh miles south
 of ,katak town4  #b ,indian ,atlas     
7sheet #aaf7 names the river here as    
,bargovee4  #c ,the place meant is      
evidently ,jagannath ,vallabh1 six miles
 north of ,puri2 from this place the    
spire of the temple of ,jagannath can be
 seen4 ,athara-nala is two miles north  

of ,puri4    ,,chapter ,,iv  ,the       
,conversion of ,sarvabhauma  ,the       
,master went in an ecstatic mood to the 
temple of ,jagannath1 and was beside    
,himself with love at the sight of the  
god4 ,he rushed to embrace the image1   
but fell down on the temple floor1      
senseless with devotion4 ,happily       
,sarvabhauma noticed ,him1 and stopped  
the door keeper 7,parichha1 mace-bearer7
 who was about to beat the ,master4     
,sarvabhauma marvelled exceedingly as he
 gazed on the beauty of the ,master and 
,his transport of love4 ,the hour of    
bhog arrived1 yet the ,master did not   
come to ,his senses4 ,sarvabhauma then  
thought of a plan1 and had ,him conveyed
 by his disciple the door-keeper to his 
house and laid ,him down on a clean     
spot4 ,but the ,master showed no        
respiration1 no heaving of the chest4   
,the ,bhattacharya grew alarmed4 ,he    
held a fine piece of cotton to the      
,master's nose2 it stirred1 and he was  
reassured4 ,the ,bhattacharya sat musing

 thus1 ,this is the sattvika form of the
 passion for ,krishna4 ,it is named the 
bright-pure 7sudipta sattvika71 and is  
displayed only by a devotee who has     
attained to constant realization        
7nitya-siddhi74 ,this ecstasy is        
possible only in one whose devotion is  
extreme4 ,i wonder to see it manifested 
in an ordinary man's person4  ,while he 
was pondering thus1 ,nityananda and the 
others arrived at the main gate1 and    
overheard the people talking among      
themselves1 ,a sannyasi came here and   
swooned away at the sight of ,jagannath2
 he is still in a trance4 ,sarvabhauma  
has conveyed him to his own house4 ,they
 knew from this that it was the ,great  
,master4 ,just then came there ,gopinath
 ,acharya1 the son-in-law of ,visharad  
of ,nadia1 and a devotee and            
acquaintance of the ,master4 ,he knew   
,mukunda from before1 and was surprised 
to see him there4 ,mukunda bowed1 the   
,acharya embraced him and asked him news
 of the ,master4 ,mukunda replied1 ,the 

,master has come here1 and we with ,him4
 ,the ,acharya bowed to ,nityananda     
,goswami1 and again asked them all about
 the ,master4 ,mukunda said1 ,after     
taking the monastic vow1 the ,master    
came to the ,blue ,mountain taking us   
with ,him4 ,leaving us behind ,he came  
to visit this temple1 and we have       
arrived now to seek ,him4 ,from what we 
have heard from others1 we conclude that
 ,he is in ,sarvabhauma's house1 whither
 ,he was removed on fainting at the     
sight of the god4 ,i have met you       
luckily1 just as ,i was wishing for your
 sight4 ,let us go to ,sarvabhauma's    
house1 and after seeing the ,master we  
shall visit the temple4  ,gopinath in   
delight conducted them to ,sarvabhauma's
 house1 where he beheld the ,master and 
felt mingled joy and grief4 ,he         
introduced them all to ,sarvabhauma1 and
 took them inside4 ,sarvabhauma bowed to
 ,nityananda ,goswami and saluted the   
others in the proper mode4 ,then he sent
 them all in charge of his son          

,chandaneshwar1 to the temple4 ,they    
joyed to behold the god4 ,nityananda    
went out of himself in devotion1 but the
 others quieted him4 ,the servitor of   
the shrine presented them with the      
garland and prasad of the god1 to their 
great delight4 ,then they returned to   
the ,master1 and chanted the divine name
 loud and long4 ,in the third quarter of
 the day1 ,chaitanya awoke1 and rose up 
shouting1 ,hari6 ,hari6 ,reverently     
,sarvabhauma took the dust of ,his feet 
to place it on his own head1 and        
entreated ,him1 ,take your midday meal  
soon4 ,i shall feed you to-day with     
,jagannath's maha-prasad4 ,the ,master  
quickly came back from ,his bath in the 
sea1 and feasted with ,his followers on 
the rice1 broth and other kinds of      
prasad1 which ,sarvabhauma served to    
them from golden dishes4 ,the ,master   
said1 ,help me with the hash of gourd   
7lau7 and other vegetables1 and serve   
these others with cakes and sweets4 ,but
 the ,bhattacharya entreated ,him with  

folded palms1 ,how has ,jagannath       
himself fed8 ,do you too taste all of   
these1 and so made ,him eat the cakes   
and sweets too4 ,after the dinner1 he   
helped the ,master to wash1 then took   
leave to retire with ,gopinath ,acharya 
and eat their own meals4 ,when they     
returned1 the ,acharya bowed saying ,i  
salute ,narayan1 and the ,master        
responded with ,be thy mind constant in 
,krishna6 ,at these words ,sarvabhauma  
knew ,him to be a ,vaishnav hermit4 ,he 
then asked ,gopinath ,acharya about the 
worldly life of the ,master4 ,the       
,acharya replied1 ,his home was at      
,navadwip2 his father ,jagannath        
,mishra1 surnamed ,purandar ,mishra1    
gave him the name of ,vishwambhar4 ,his 
maternal grandfather was ,nilambar      
,chakravarti4 ,sarvabhauma added        
,nilambar ,chakravarti6 why1 he was a   
fellow-student of my father ,visharad1  
who1 ,i know1 had a high regard for     
,purandar ,mishra1 too4 ,i honour both  
for their connection with my father4    

,delighted to hear that ,chaitanya was a
 man of ,nadia1 ,sarvabhauma thus       
addressed ,him1 ,you are of honourable  
birth1 and a sannyasi in addition4 ,make
 me1 therefore1 your personal disciple4 
,at this the ,master cried out1 ,o      
,vishnu6 ,o ,vishnu6 and then spoke     
humbly to the ,bhattacharya1 ,you are   
the teacher of the world and the        
benefactor of mankind4 ,you teach       
,vedanta and thereby benefit men of     
monastic life4 ,i am a young monk1      
ignorant of good and evil4 ,i have      
sought refuge with you1 regarding you as
 my teacher4 ,for your society have ,i  
come here1 hoping that you will train me
 in all ways4 ,you saved me in my great 
danger to-day4 ,the ,bhattacharya said1 
,never go to the temple alone1 but      
always with me or one of my men4 ,the   
,master replied1 ,i shall not enter the 
shrine1 but gaze from the ,garuda pillar
 in the quadrangle4 ,then ,sarvabhauma  
addressed ,gopinath ,acharya1 ,you will 
be guide to this ,goswami in visiting   

the temple4 ,lodge him in the house of  
my mother's sister1 which is a quiet    
place1 and look to all his needs4 ,so he
 did4 ,next day ,gopinath took the      
,master to the temple to show ,him      
,jagannath as he rose from his bed4     
,mukunda ,datta led ,him back to        
,sarvabhauma's house1 who spoke thus1   
,this sannyasi is meek in disposition1  
lovely in form4 ,i daily love ,him the  
more4 ,tell me what order ,he has joined
 and what name ,he has chosen4 ,gopinath
 replied1 ,he has been named ,shri      
,krishna-,chaitanya2 ,his spiritual     
guide is ,keshav ,bharati1 blessed man6 
,sarvabhauma remarked1 ,his name is     
well-chosen1 but the ,bharati order is  
not ranked high among the ten classes of
 sannyasis4  ,gopinath answered1 ,he    
does not care for outward dignity4      
,hence ,his indifference to the more    
famous orders of monks4 ,the            
,bhattacharya joined in1 ,ah1 ,he is in 
the full bloom of youth4 ,how can ,he   
keep the monastic rules8 ,however1 ,i   

shall ceaselessly teach ,him ,vedanta1  
and lead ,him on to the rank of a       
recluse of the ,monist school 7adwaita74
 ,if ,he then wishes it1 ,i shall robe  
,him anew with the yellow robe of a     
yogi1 purify ,him1 and enter ,him into  
one of the higher orders4  ,gopinath and
 ,mukunda grieved to hear it2 and the   
former expostulated1 ,bhattacharya6 ,you
 know not ,his greatness4 ,the signs of 
divinity have reached their extreme     
limit in ,him6 ,hence ,he is famed as   
the ,great ,god4 ,but in a place of     
ignorance even the wise know nothing4   
,the ,sarvabhauma's disciples asked1    
,what proof is there of ,his divinity8  
,the ,acharya replied1 ,the belief of   
the wise is proof of divinity4 ,the     
disciples objected1 saying1 ,it is by   
inference that ,god is recognized4 ,but 
the ,acharya answered1 ,no1 ,god is not 
known by inference1 but only by those on
 whom ,he bestows ,his grace1 even a    
particle of it4 ,witness ,brahma's      
praise of ,vishnu in the ,shrimad       

,bhagabat1 ,book ,x4 canto xiv4 verse   
#bh3  ',lord6 true it is that knowledge 
can gain salvation1 but ,thy glories can
 be known only by him who has been      
blessed even with a particle of favour  
from ,thy lotus-like feet4 ,o ,perfect  
,being6 ,a man lacking ,thy grace1 may  
be free from earthly lusts1 may have    
studied the scriptures for ages1 but    
still he cannot know ,thee fully6'  ,o  
,sarvabhauma1 you may be the ,world's   
,teacher1 a master of theology1         
unrivalled in the world in scholarship4 
,but you have not gained ,god's grace1  
hence you cannot know ,god4 ,i do not   
blame you1 but the scripture says       
clearly that the knowledge of ,god      
cannot come from mere scholarship4      
,sarvabhauma replied1 ,weigh thy words  
well1 ,acharya6 ,how do you prove that  
you have gained ,god's grace8 ,the      
,acharya replied1 ,we know a material   
thing by observing it4 ,our knowledge of
 the nature of a thing is proved by     
grace4 ,on this sannyasi's person are   

all the marks of divinity4 ,you yourself
 witnessed his ecstasy of spiritual     
love4 ,and yet you know not ,god6 ,such 
are the ways of ,god's illusion1        
materialists see ,him and yet recognize 
,him not6  ,smilingly spoke             
,sarvabhauma1 ,we are arguing in a      
friendly spirit4 ,don't get warm4 ,blame
 me not1 ,i am only arguing from the    
strict standpoint of view of ,shastra4  
,chaitanya ,goswami is ,i admit a great 
saint4 ,but there is no incarnation of  
,vishnu in the ,kali era4 ,hence        
,vishnu's epithet ,tri-yug or the ,lord 
of ,three4 ,but scripture tells us that 
the ,kali era is without an incarnation4
  ,sadly did the ,acharya answer1 ,you  
pride yourself on your knowledge of     
scripture1 but you do not mind the      
,bhagabat and the ,mahabharat1 which are
 the chief of scriptures4 ,both of them 
assert that ,god will appear in the     
human form in the ,kali era1 and yet you
 maintain the contrary6 ,as ,god will   
not appear in ,kali for mere earthly    

exploits but only for purifying faith1  
we call him ,tri-yug4 ,in every era     
,krishna appears for the spiritual needs
 of the age4 ,you are a logician1 and   
yet you do not perceive this6  ,texts   
quoted in support2 ,bhagabat1 ,x viii4  
#i1 ,,xi4 v4 #bh1 #bi2 ,mahabharat1     
,anushasan ,parva1 ,dan-dharma1 canto   
#adi1 v4 #ge-ib4  ,i need not waste     
these many words on you4 ,they will bear
 no more fruit than seed sown on sterile
 soil4 ,when ,his grace is on you1 you  
will be convinced4 ,your disciple1 who  
is plying me with all sorts of sophistic
 arguments1 ,i blame him not2 he is     
under illusion 7maya74 ,as the          
,bhagabat1 ,book ,,vi4 canto iv4 verse  
#bf1 puts it3  ,the words of ,daksha to 
,god1 ,i bow to the ,omnipotent ,supreme
 ,god1 whose power of illusion raises   
endless controversies among logicians   
fond of dispute1 and keeps their souls  
ever wrapt in delusion6  ,again1 the    
,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xxii4 #c1 ,krishna's   
words to ,uddhava4  ,then ,sarvabhauma  

said1 ,go to the monk ,chaitanya and    
invite him and his followers to my      
house4 ,first feed them with prasad1 and
 then give me lessons in theology6 ,the 
,acharya1 being ,sarvabhauma's sister's 
husband1 could boldly blame1 praise1    
laugh at or school him4  ,mukunda was   
greatly pleased with the ,acharya's     
reasoning1 as he was inly grieved and   
angry at the speech of ,sarvabhauma4    
,the ,acharya came to ,chaitanya's house
 and invited ,him on behalf of the      
,bhattacharya4 ,as he talked with       
,mukunda he spoke ill of ,sarvabhauma in
 a pained spirit4 ,but the ,master broke
 in with1 ,say not so4 ,the             
,bhattacharya has really favoured me2 he
 wants to safeguard my monastic life1   
and has taken pity on me out of         
tenderness4 ,why blame him for it8      
,next day1 the ,master visited the      
temple of ,jagannath in the company of  
the ,bhattacharya1 and then accompanied 
him to his house4 ,the ,bhattacharya    
seated the ,master first and began to   

teach ,him ,vedanta4 ,with mingled      
tenderness and reverence he said1 ,it is
 a sannyasi's duty to hear the ,vedanta 
read4 ,you should constantly attend to  
it4 ,the ,master answered1 ,show me thy 
favour4 ,whatever you bid me is indeed  
my duty4  ,for seven days did the       
,master thus listen to the expounding of
 the ,vedanta1 without making any       
comment of ,his own4 ,on the eighth day1
 ,sarvabhauma asked ,him1 ,for seven    
days have you heard me in unbroken      
silence4 ,i know not whether you follow 
me or not4 ,the ,master replied1 ,i am  
ignorant1 and have not studied the      
subject4 ,i merely listen at your       
bidding4 ,i listen only because such is 
a sannyasi's duty4 ,but ,i cannot follow
 your interpretation4 ,the ,bhattacharya
 retorted1 ,he who is conscious of his  
own ignorance asks for a second         
explanation4 ,but you remain ever silent
 as you listen4 ,i know not your mind's 
workings4 ,the ,master replied1 ,i      
understand the verses clearly enough4   

,but it is your commentary that puzzles 
me4 ,a commentary should elucidate the  
text1 whereas your exposition conceals  
the text6 ,you do not expound the plain 
meaning of the aphorisms1 but cover them
 up with your fanciful interpretation4  
,the primary meaning is the plain sense 
of the terms of the ,upanishad1 and     
,vyas says it in his aphorisms4 ,you on 
the other hand let the primary sense go1
 and give a conjectural secondary sense4
 ,you reject the meanings of words as   
given in lexicons1 and attribute to them
 meanings evolved from your imagination4
 ,shruti is the chief of proofs4 ,the   
primary meaning as given by ,shruti can 
alone carry conviction4  ,what are      
conchshells and cowdung but naturally   
unclean things1 viz41 the bone and      
ordure of animals8 ,and yet they are    
taken as very pure1 because ,shruti says
 so4 ,of the spiritual truth that is    
held forth in ,vedanta the meaning is   
plain and self-evident4 ,fanciful       
interpretation only spoils the clear    

sense4 ,the sense of ,vyas's aphorisms  
is clear like the sun2 you are only     
enveloping it with the cloud of your    
conjectural commentary4 ,the ,vedas and 
the ,purans tell us how to discern      
,brahma4 ,that ,brahma is only another  
name for ,god in ,his totality4 ,the    
,supreme ,being is full of all powers1  
and yet you describe ,him as formless8  
,the ,shrutis that speak of ,him as     
abstract 7nir-bishesha71 exclude the    
natural and set up the unnatural4  ,from
 ,brahma originates the ,universe1 it   
lives in ,brahma1 and it is merged again
 in the same ,brahma4 ,the three        
attributes of ,god are that ,he is the  
three cases1 ,ablative1 ,instrumental   
and ,locative in relation to the        
,universe4 ,these three qualities       
particularize ,god4 ,when ,he desired to
 be many1 ,he looked at employed ,his   
natural powers4 ,the physical mind and  
eye could not have then existed4        
,therefore1 the ,immaterial ,brahma had 
an eye to see and a mind to will with4  

,the terms ,brahma means the ,perfect   
,supreme ,being 7,bhagaban71 and the    
scriptures affirm that ,krishna is the  
,supreme ,being4 ,the meaning of the    
,vedas is too deep for human            
understanding1 the ,purans make their   
senses clear4 ,witness ,brahma's address
 to ,god in the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4     
#ca3--  ',blessed1 blessed are ,nanda   
the cowherd and other citizens of       
,mathura1 whose friend is the ,beatific 
,perfect ,eternal ,brahma'4  ,shruti    
itself denies to ,brahma material hands 
and feet1 and yet it says that ,god     
moves swiftly and receives everything6  
,therefore1 ,shruti asserts ,brahma to  
be particular 7sa-bishesha74 ,it is only
 a fanciful interpretation as opposed to
 a direct one1 that speaks of ,brahma as
 abstract 7nir-bishesha74 ,how do you   
call that ,god formless who has the six 
qualities and is supremely blissful8    
,you conclude ,him to be powerless1 who 
has the three natural powers1 as is     
evident from the ,vishnu ,puran1 ,,vi4  

vii4 #fj and #fa1 and ,i4 xii4 #da4     
,god's nature consists of sat1 chit and 
ananda4 ,the chit power assumes three   
different forms in three aspects2 it    
becomes hladini from the ananda aspect2 
it becomes sandhini in the sat aspect1  
and sambita 7known as knowledge of      
,krishna7 in the chit aspect4 ,the chit 
power is ,god's very essence or inner   
nature2 the life power 7jiba-shakti7    
appertains to ,him only occasionally2   
maya is entirely outside ,him i4e41     
affects creation only4 ,but all these   
three offer devotion in the form of     
love4 ,the ,lord's six powers are only  
manifestations of the chit power4 ,and  
yet you have the presumption to deny    
such a power8 ,god and creation differ  
as the master and the slave of illusion 
respectively1 and yet you affirm that   
creation is identical with the ,creator6
 ,in the ,gita creation is recognized as
 a force exerted by ,god1 and yet you   
make such creation one with ,god6 ,see  
the ,gita1 vii4 #d1 the words of ,shri  

,krishna to ,arjun3--  ,earth1 water1   
fire1 air1 ether1 mind1 sense1 and      
self-consciousness these eight powers   
7or natures7 have emanated from me4     
,again1 the next verse in the ,gita3    
,valiant hero6 the eight natures        
7prakriti7 about which ,i have already  
spoken to you1 are inferior4 ,beyond    
them ,i have a higher or living nature  
which upholds this ,universe4  ,god's   
form is composed of sat1 chit and       
ananda2 and yet you assert that form to 
be a corruption of the satwa quality6   
,he is a wretch who denies form to ,god2
 touch not1 behold not that slave of    
,death4 ,the ,buddhists are atheists    
from not respecting the ,vedas4 ,atheism
 in a believer of the ,vedas is a worse 
heresy than ,buddhism4 ,vyas composed   
his aphorisms for the salvation of men1 
but the interpretation of these         
aphorisms by the 'school of illusion'   
7maya-vadi7 is the cause of perdition4  
,vyas's aphorisms accept the theory of  
effect 7parinam74 ,god is an            

incomprehensible power1 but ,he is      
manifested as creation4 ,the            
philosopher's stone produces gold       
without undergoing any change in itself1
 similarly ,god takes the form of       
creation without suffering any          
corruption4 ,objecting to this aphorism 
as an error of ,vyas1 you have set up   
the theory of bivarta by a fanciful     
interpretation of it4 ,error consists in
 a creature imagining ,i am one with the
 ,creator4 ,but creation is not unreal1 
it is only perishable4 ,the great word  
,pranaba is the image of ,god2 from that
 ,pranaba all the ,vedas have sprung in 
this world4 ,the words ,thou art ,that  
7tat-twam asi7 when applied to creation 
are only fractional 7pradeshika71 but   
you1 without minding the ,pranaba1 call 
these words the supreme truth4  ,thus   
did the ,master find a hundred faults   
with the fanciful interpretation of the 
,vedantists4 ,the ,bhattacharya         
supported his own position1 using       
refutation1 feint1 pressure1 and other  

logical devices4 ,but the ,master       
answered them all and established ,his  
own view4 ,the ,vedas he maintained     
assert only three things about ,god1    
viz41 our relation to ,him1 devotional  
exercises1 and love 7our need7 as the   
fruit of devotion4 ,all the rest        
attributed to ,him is mere conjecture4  
,the words of the ,veda are             
self-evident1 and should not be         
interpreted with the help of conjecture4
 ,but ,sarvabhauma was not to blame for 
it2 he was merely carrying out ,god's   
will1 in expounding atheistical         
philosophy based on fancy4 ,vide the    
,padma ,puran1 ,part ,,ii4 canto #fb1   
verse #ca4  ,the ,bhattacharya was      
speechless and motionless with wonder as
 he heard these words4 ,the ,master     
addressed him1 ,marvel not1 ,o          
,bhattacharya6 ,the supreme manhood     
consists in faith in ,god4 ,even those  
who directly commune with ,god 7atmaram7
 adore ,him1 the ,supreme ,being's      
attributes are so incomprehensible6     

,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,i4 vii4 #aj1   
,suta's words to ,saunaka and others3   
',such are the attributes of ,hari that 
even mystical and passionless recluses  
feel for ,him unreasoning devotion4'    
,the ,bhattacharya said1 ,sir1 ,i long  
to hear this verse interpreted4 ,the    
,master replied1 ,do you first explain  
it1 and then ,i shall say what ,i think 
of it4 ,the ,bhattacharya expounded the 
verse1 like a logician1 in nine         
different ways in accordance with the   
scriptures4 ,but the ,master smiled as  
,he said1 ,i know1 ,bhattacharya1 that  
you are a veritable ,vrihaspati1 and    
surpass all other men in interpreting   
the scriptures4 ,but your interpretation
 shows mere scholarship4 ,the verse has 
yet another sense6 ,then at the         
,bhattacharya's request the ,master gave
 ,his own interpretation2 passing by the
 nine interpretations given by the      
,bhattacharya1 ,he gave #ah other       
explanations of ,his own4 ,first ,he    
determined the meaning of each of the   

eleven words contained in the verse1 as 
taken separately2 then ,he gave         
different explanations in connection    
with atmaram1 laying emphasis on each of
 the eleven words in succession4 ,the   
,lord1 ,his powers1 and ,his attributes1
 all three are incomprehensibly1        
unspeakably great6 ,these three steal   
the heart of the devotee1 to the neglect
 of all other forms of devotion4 ,sanak1
 ,shukadev and others bear witness to   
this4 ,his diverse expositions filled   
the ,bhattacharya with wonder1 and the  
self-abasing belief that the ,master was
 ,krishna indeed4 ,alas6 thought he1 ,he
 is ,krishna incarnate1 but ,i in my    
ignorance have grievously sinned by     
showing pride to ,him4 ,penitently he   
sought refuge with the ,master1 who     
graciously appeared to him in ,his      
divine form1 first as four-armed        
7,vishnu71 then as ,krishna playing on  
the flute4 ,at this vision ,sarvabhauma 
fell prostrate on the ground1 then rose 
again and prayed to ,him with clasped   

hands4 ,the ,master's grace made        
spiritual knowledge illumine his heart1 
he now knew the glory of ,god's name1   
faith1 gift1 the esoteric meanings of   
the letters of the alphabet1 c4 ,in a   
moment he composed a hundred verses1    
such as even ,vrihaspati would have     
failed to frame4 ,the delighted ,master 
embraced him1 and the ,bhattacharya     
fainted in an ecstasy of joy1 weeping1  
standing still1 tumbling down at the    
,master's feet4  ,the sight delighted   
,gopinath ,acharya4 ,the ,master's      
disciples smiled at the dance of        
,sarvabhauma4 ,gopinath spoke to the    
,master1 ,you have so transformed that  
,bhattacharya6 ,the ,master replied1    
,you are a devotee1 your society has so 
wrought on him through the great grace  
of ,jagannath4 ,then ,he composed       
,bhattacharya1 who thereafter praised   
,him long1 saying1 ,it was a light work 
to ,thee to save the world1 in          
comparison with the wonderful power     
,thou hast manifested in converting me4 

,logic had made me hard like an ingot of
 iron4 ,thou hast1 melted me4 ,oh ,thy  
wondrous might6  ,the ,master returned  
to ,his quarters2 ,sarvabhauma feasted  
,him by means of ,gopinath ,acharya4    
,next day ,he went to ,jagannath's      
temple1 and beheld the god rise from his
 bed4 ,the attending priest presented to
 the ,master the garland and offered    
rice of the god4 ,the ,master rejoiced  
at it1 tied the gifts to the hem of his 
garment1 and hastened to ,bhattacharya's
 house4 ,it was dawn2 ,bhattacharya     
awoke just then and cried out ,o        
,krishna6 ,o ,krishna6 to the delight of
 the ,master4 ,coming out ,bhattacharya 
met the ,master1 bowed at ,his feet in a
 tumult of reverence1 and seated ,him4  
,the ,master untied the knot in ,his    
skirt and presented the prasad to       
,sarvabhaurna1 who joyously ate it after
 reciting the following verse1 though he
 had not yet bathed1 nor said his matin 
prayer1 nor even cleaned his            
teeth1--because ,chaitanya's grace      

removed all stupor from his mind4  ,from
 the ,padma ,puran1 ,taste the          
maha-prasad as soon as you get it1      
though it may be dry1 stale or brought  
from a distance4 ,wait not for a more   
proper time in this case4  ,then1 again1
 ,hari has said1 ',in tasting the       
maha-prasad no rule of time or place    
should be observed2 a good man should   
eat it as soon as he gets it4'  ,at this
 the ,master was delighted and embraced 
,sarvabhauma in a transport4 ,they both 
danced1 ,master and pupil1 clasping each
 other1 perspiring1 trembling1 shedding 
tears in ecstasy4 ,the ,master said1    
,to-day have ,i conquered the three     
worlds lightly6 ,to-day have ,i ascended
 ,baikuntha6 ,to-day all my wishes are  
realized6 ,because ,sarvabhauma has     
shown faith in the maha-prasad4 ,to-day 
you have taken refuge in ,krishna with  
all your heart4 ,krishna has taken pity 
on you without any reserve4 ,to-day he  
has removed your bondage to flesh2      
to-day you have torn off the meshes of  

illusion4 ,to-day your heart has been   
made worthy to gain ,krishna1 because   
you have eaten the prasad in violation  
of ,vedic ceremonies4 ,as the ,bhagabat1
 ,,ii4 vii4 #da1 puts it3  ,those whom  
the ,lord favours and who take refuge at
 ,his feet with all their heart and     
without reserve1 can conquer illusion4  
,then they no longer look ubon this     
fleshly body the food of dogs and       
jackals as ',i' or 'mine'4  ,so saying  
the ,master returned home4 ,thenceforth 
,bhattacharya lost his pride 7of        
learning74 ,thenceforth he knew of      
nothing except ,chaitanya's feet1 and   
expounded no scripture except that of   
bhakti4 ,at his deep ,vaishnavism1      
,gopinath ,acharya danced1 clapping his 
hands and crying ,hari6 ,hari6 ,next day
 ,bhattacharya came to visit the        
,master1 without having first gone to   
,jagannath4 ,he lay prostrate1 and      
thanked the ,master much1 penitently    
recounting his own former follies4 ,as  
he wished to hear of the chief means of 

cultivating faith1 the ,master          
instructed him by chanting ,hari's name4
  ,hari's name1 ,hari's name1 ,hari's   
name alone2 in the ,kali era there is no
 other means of salvation1 no other1    
indeed no other6 ,vrihad ,narad ,puran4 
,in full detail did the ,master hold    
forth on the meaning of the above verse4
 ,bhattacharya was filled with wonder4  
,gopinath ,acharya said1 ,bhattacharya6 
,i told you before that you would come  
to this6 ,bhattacharya bowed to him     
thankfully and replied1 ,the ,master has
 blessed me by reason of my being       
related to you4 ,you are a great        
devotee1 and ,i a blind logician4 ,for  
your sake has the ,master favoured me4  
,pleased with his meekness1 ,chaitanya  
embraced him and then said1 ,now go and 
see the god4 ,bhattacharya1 after       
visiting ,jagannath1 came home with     
,jagadananda and ,damodar two disciples 
of ,chaitanya1 and sent to ,chaitanya   
many kinds of choice prasad with his own
 cook in their company1 and also put two

 verses of his own written on a palm    
leaf into the hands of ,jagadananda for 
,chaitanya4 ,when they arrived at the   
,master's house1 ,mukunda ,datta took   
the letter from his hand1 and wrote the 
two verses on the outer wall4 ,then     
,jagadananda took the letter inside to  
,chaitanya1 who read and tore it up1 but
 the followers learnt the verses by rote
 from the wall4 ,the verses are given in
 ,chaitanya-chandrodaya1 ,act ,,vi4 ,sc4
 #cb3  ,i seek refuge with that         
unequalled supreme ,man1 who has become 
incarnate as ,shri ,krishna ,chaitanya1 
in order to teach passionlessness       
7bairagya7 and devotion through faith   
7bhakti-yog74 ,may my mind1 like a bee1 
settle firmly on the lotus-feet of the  
,lord ,shri ,krishna ,chaitanya1 who has
 appeared in order to revive his own    
bhakti-yog1 which had perished through  
the wickedness of ages4  ,sarvabhauma   
became a disciple of the ,master1       
attending to nothing but ,his service4  
,ever did he meditate1 pray1 and recite 

the name ',shri ,krishna-,chaitanya1 the
 son of ,shachi1 the abode of virtues6' 
,one day he came to the ,master1 bowed1 
and recited ,brahma's hymn to ,god from 
the ,bhagabat1 changing two letters near
 its end4 ,the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #h3  
',lord6 ,that man alone enters into the 
inheritance of ,thy salvation like a    
true heir1 who in eager longing for the 
day of ,thy grace passes his life       
worshipping ,thee with all his mind body
 and speech and enjoying the fruits of  
his actions without being attached to   
them4'  ,the ,master interrupted him    
saying1 ,the text has ,thy salvation    
7muktipada74 ,why do you read it as ,thy
 faith 7bhaktipada78 ,bhattacharya      
answered1 ,salvation is not the fruit at
 which the faithful fix their gaze2 as  
for those who lack faith in the ,lord1  
salvation becomes a sort of punishment  
to them as they are annihilated in the  
,lord without being able to serve and   
love ,him4 ,he who does not admit the   
incarnate ,krishna1 and he who blames   

and fights against that incarnation1    
both of them are punished by being      
merged in the ,lord 7,brahma sayujya    
mukti74 ,the devotee does not long for  
emancipation4 ,there are five kinds of  
salvation1 viz41 salokya 7living in the 
same plane with ,god71 samipya 7nearness
 to ,god71 sarupya 7assuming the same   
form as ,god71 sarshti 7equalling the   
glory of ,god7 and sayujya 7absorption  
in the ,deity74 ,though the first four  
afford means of serving the ,lord1 yet  
true devotees seldom elect them1 but    
they dread and despise the sayujya      
emancipation1 preferring hell to it4    
',absorption in the abstract ,god       
7,brahma7' and ',absorption in the ,god 
clad in attributes 7saguna ishwar7' are 
two forms of the same thing1 indeed the 
latter is worse still4 ,vide the        
,bhagabat ,,iii4 xxix4 ,,ii1 ,kapila's  
speech to ,devahuti4  ,the ,master      
objected1 ,the term muktipada has other 
senses too2 it means ,god ,himself1     
i4e41 ,he whose feet are the means of   

salvation4 ,it may also mean ,the abode 
of salvation1 which is the #ith object  
mentioned in the ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 x4 #a4
 ,both etymologies yield the sense of   
,krishna4 ,why need you change the text 
to ,bhaktipada8 ,bhattacharya replied1  
,no1 ,i cannot adopt the reading4       
,though you interpret the term muktipada
 in the same sense of bhaktipada1 yet   
the former is objectionable as          
ambiguous4 ,though mukti has five       
connotations1 yet its principal meaning 
is absorption in ,god4 ,so1 the word    
mukti fills me with fear and contempt1  
while bhakti kindles delight in the     
heart4 ,at this the delighted ,master   
smiled and clasped ,bhattacharya firmly 
to ,his bosom4 ,it was a pure act of    
grace on ,chaitanya's part that         
,bhattacharya1 who had been a student   
and teacher of the doctrine of illusion1
 spoke thus4 ,we recognize the          
philosopher's stone only when it touches
 a piece of iron4 ,so all men knew the  
,master for the veritable ,darling of   

,braja 7,krishna7 when they saw the deep
 the ,vaishnav spirit of ,his disciple  
,bhattacharya4 ,then did ,kashi ,mishra 
and others of the ,blue ,mountain come  
and seek asylum at the ,master's feet4  
,i shall first describe how ,sarvabhauma
 served the ,master1 and how carefully  
he fed ,him4 ,text1 canto #f4           
,,chapter ,v  ,healing the leper        
,vasudev  ,the ,master renounced the    
world in the bright fortnight of ,magh1 
and came to reside at ,puri in ,falgun4 
,at the end of the latter month ,he     
witnessed the swinging ceremony of      
,jagannath and danced and sang long in  
ecstasy4 ,in ,chaitra ,he liberated     
,sarvabhauma4 ,early in ,baishakh ,he   
wished to travel to the ,south4 ,he     
assembled ,his followers1 embraced them1
 held them by the hand1 and spoke       
humbly1 ,i know you to be dearer than   
life4 ,life ,i can part with1 but not   
with you4 ,you my friends have done me a
 good turn by bringing me here to see   
,jagannath4 ,now ,i beg one favour from 

you all1 give me leave to go to the     
,south4 ,i must set out to seek         
,vishwarup my elder brother1 and ,i will
 travel alone1 taking none with me4 ,do 
you all stay at ,puri till ,i return    
from ,setubandha4  ,they all knew that  
,vishwarup had attained to liberation1  
and that the quest of him was only a    
ruse of the ,master for carrying        
salvation to ,southern ,india4 ,greatly 
did they grieve on hearing ,his words1  
and sat silent with woe-begone faces4   
,nityananda said1 ,how can that be8 ,we 
cannot let you go alone4 ,one or two of 
us must bear you company1 lest mishap   
should befall you4 ,choose any two that 
you like4 ,i know the roads to the holy 
places of the ,south4 ,bid me1 ,master1 
go with you4 ,the ,master replied1 ,i am
 as a dancer and you are like the       
manager 7sutradhar7 of the play4 ,i     
dance as you make me4 ,on turning hermit
 ,i set out for ,brindaban1 but you     
brought me to ,adwaita's house4 ,on the 
way to the ,nilachal you broke my staff4

 ,your deep love is marring my life's   
work4 ,jagadananda wants me to turn a   
worldling4 ,in fear of him ,i have to do
 whatever he bids1 me4 ,if ever ,i      
disobey him he in anger speaks not to me
 for three days6 ,mukunda grieves at the
 rigours of my monastic life3 the three 
baths daily even in winter1 the sleep on
 the bare ground4 ,he grieves inly1     
though he speaks not of it2 but his     
sorrow makes me doubly unhappy4 ,i am a 
sannyasi1 ,damodar is a ,brahmachari1   
and yet he constantly holds the         
pedagogue's rod over me4 ,i did not know
 his character before4 ,my conduct must 
be quite different from his4 ,having    
gained the favour of ,krishna1 he cares 
not for the opinions of other men2 but  
,i cannot be so regardless of the       
public4 ,do you all1 therefore1 stay    
behind at ,puri1 while ,i make my       
pilgrimage alone for some time4  ,under 
the pretext of picking their faults the 
,master really pointed out the merits   
which had made them win ,his heart4     

,words cannot describe ,chaitanya's love
 for ,his devotees4 ,he himself bore the
 hardship of an ascetic's life1 but when
 one of ,his devotees grieved at the    
sight of these hardships1 the ,master   
could not bear the sight of his grief6  
,he set forth on ,his pilgrimage as a   
solitary hermit4 ,four of them entreated
 ,him hard for permission to accompany  
,him1 but ,he followed ,his own will and
 did not listen to them4 ,at last       
,nityananda urged1 ,as you please4 ,it  
is my duty to obey you1 be the result my
 happiness or sorrow4 ,but one further  
request ,i must make3 consider whether  
you can accept it4 ,your loin-band      
wrapper and gourd of water1 these are   
the only articles that you will take    
with you4 ,but your two hands are ever  
busy in counting your recitation of     
,hari's name on the notches of your     
fingers4 ,how1 then1 will you carry your
 wrapper and gourd8 ,who will take care 
of these when you fall down on the road 
in a trance8 ,keep my word3 take this   

honest ,brahman ,krishna-das with you4  
,he will only carry your wrapper and    
gourd1 and never say a word1 whatever   
you may do4 ,the ,master consented4     
,they took him to ,sarvabhauma's house1 
who seated them all after salutation4   
,after a varied discourse on ,krishna1  
the ,master said1 ,i have come to beg   
your permission4 ,i must search for     
,vishwarup who retired as a hermit to   
the ,south4 ,give me leave to go ,south4
 ,your permission will enable me to     
return in safety4 ,at these words       
,sarvabhauma was much grieved at heart2 
clasping the ,master's feet he said     
piteously1 ,through the accumulated     
merit of many previous births have ,i   
gained your society4 ,but ,fate has now 
parted our company4 ,i can bear the     
death of a son through a stroke of      
lightning1 but not the pang of          
separation from you6 ,you are your own  
master and shall go2 but stay some days 
more and let me gaze on your feet4 ,his 
humility relaxed the ,master's          

resolution and ,he lingered for some    
time longer4 ,eagerly did the           
,bhattacharya invite and feast ,him with
 dishes cooked in his own house4 ,his   
wife1 called ,shathi's mother1 cooked   
the meal3 her history is marvellous1 and
 ,i shall narrate it in detail later on4
  ,after a halt of five days at the     
,bhattacharya's place1 the ,master asked
 leave to start4 ,his eagerness forced  
the ,bhattacharya to consent4 ,he went  
with him to the temple and sought the   
permission of ,jagannath4 ,the serving  
priest presented the ,master with the   
god's garland1 which ,he joyously took  
as a symbol of permission4  ,the ,lord  
,gaur started for the ,south in joy1    
after walking round ,jagannath in the   
company of ,his disciples and the       
,bhattacharya4 ,he took the road of     
,alalnath1 along the shore4 ,sarvabhauma
 sent ,gopinath ,acharya to bring from  
his house four loin-bands and wrappers  
and some prasad1 to the ,vipradwar gate4
 ,then he begged the ,master1 ,you must 

keep my request4 ,on the bank of the    
,godavari dwells ,ramananda ,ray1       
governor of ,vidya-nagar4#a ,despise him
 not as a ,shudra and worldling4 ,see   
him for my sake4 ,he is worthy of your  
society4 ,the world has not another     
appreciative devotee like him4 ,in him  
scholarship and faith have reached their
 extreme points4 ,when you talk with him
 you will know his worth4 ,i used to    
laugh at him as a ,vaishnav1 because ,i 
failed to understand his superhuman     
words4 ,but ,thy grace has now made me  
know his true merit4 ,conversation with 
him will disclose his greatness4 ,the   
,master agreed1 embraced him and bade   
him farewell saying1 ,worship ,krishna  
at home and bless me1 so that through   
your favour ,i may return to ,puri4     
,when the ,master turned to go1         
,sarvabhauma fell down there in a faint1
 but the ,master moved on quickly1      
without heeding him4 ,who can understand
 the heart and mind of the ,master8 ,the
 hearts of the great are at once tender 

as flowers and hard as the thunderbolt4 
,nityananda raised ,bhattacharya and    
sent him home with his men4 ,the        
faithful quickly overtook the ,master1  
and ,gopinath also arrived with the     
clothes and prasad4 ,the ,master went   
with them to ,alalnath1 where ,he sang  
hymns for a long time1 dancing and      
singing in rapture4 ,the persons present
 flocked to gaze on the scene3 they     
shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 while the ,master 
danced in ecstasy in their midst4 ,the  
people marvelled as they gazed at ,his  
golden hue1 ,his crimson robe1 and ,his 
tears of delight1 ,his tremour and      
perspiration1 which set off ,his beauty4
 ,all who came to see it forgot their   
homes and stayed to join in the dance   
and song of ,shri ,krishna ,gopal2 men  
and women1 old and young1 all were swept
 away by the tide of spiritual love4    
,seeing it ,nityananda said to the      
faithful1 ,he will dance thus at every  
village on the way4 ,it was high time1  
but the people did not leave ,him2 so   

,nityananda contrived a plan3 ,he took  
the ,master away for ,his noonday bath1 
the people rushing on all sides to look 
on4 ,after the bath he led the ,master  
to the temple1 and as soon as his own   
men had entered he shut the door4 ,he   
fed the ,master1 and they all ate ,his  
leavings4 ,the crowd gathered outside   
the gate1 shouting ',hari6 ,hari6' ,then
 he opened the door and the people      
entered joyfully to gaze on the ,master4
  ,the stream of people thus passed and 
repassed till the evening4 ,they all    
became ,vaishnavs and danced and sang   
with the ,master4 ,he passed the night  
there with the faithful1 in delightful  
discourses on ,krishna4 ,next morning   
after the morning bath1 ,he bade        
farewell to the faithful4 ,they fainted1
 but ,he looked not at them4 ,the       
,master wended ,his way grieving at     
separation from them1 ,krishna-das      
following ,him with the gourd4 ,the     
faithful passed the day there in a fast1
 and returned sorrowing to ,puri the    

next day4 ,like a raging lion the       
,master walked forth1 chanting ,god's   
name in a transport of love4 ,his words 
were3      ,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,krishna6
 ,krishna6 ,krishna6         ,krishna6  
,krishna6 ,o6      ,krishna6 ,krishna6  
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,krishna6           
,krishna6 ,krishna6      ,krishna6      
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,krishna6           
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,save me6           
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,krishna6 
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,deliver me6        
,ram ,raghav6 ,ram ,raghav6 ,ram        
,raghav6 ,save me6      ,krishna        
,keshav6 ,krishna ,keshav6 ,krishna     
,keshav6         ,deliver me6  ,as the  
,lord ,gaur walked on reciting the above
 verses ,he met a wayfarer and asked him
 to chant ,hari's name4 ,mad with love  
that man cried ',hari6 ,krishna6' and   
followed the ,master out of longing to  
gaze at ,him4 ,after a long embrace the 
,master dismissed him1 filled with      
spiritual power4  ,the man on returning 
home made all his village ,vaishnav1    

talking of ,krishna1 laughing1 weeping1 
dancing incessantly1 and urging all to  
take ,krishna's name4 ,chance visitors  
from other villages became like ,him    
from the sight of ,him1 and spread      
,vaishnavism in their own villages4 ,in 
this way was the whole ,southern country
 converted to ,vaishnavism4 ,in this way
 did the ,master make hundreds ,vaishnav
 by embracing them in ,his travels4 ,if 
,he lodged and dined in anybody's house 
in a village1 all the villagers flocked 
to see ,him4 ,through the ,master's     
grace they became great bhaktas1 and    
acted as apostles for the deliverance of
 mankind4 ,all the way to ,setubandha1  
,he did this2 connection with ,him made 
all the land ,vaishnav4 ,the power ,he  
had not manifested at ,navadwip1 ,he now
 put forth for the salvation of the     
,south4 ,he who worships the ,master    
gains ,his favour and realizes the truth
 of these miracles4 ,he who believes not
 in supernatural miracles loses both    
this world and the next4  ,in this way  

the ,master travelled to the shrine of  
the ,tortoise#b the ,second             
,incarnation1 saluted and praised the   
god1 dancing1 singing1 smiling and      
weeping in rapture1 to the wonder of    
by-standers4 ,crowds gathered to see    
,him2 the ,very sight of ,his marvellous
 beauty and devotion made them          
,vaishnavs4 ,they danced with uplifted  
arms chanting ,krishna's name in deep   
emotion4 ,these very men converted other
 villages4 ,thus did the nectar of      
,krishna's name overflow the country1   
,vaishnavism spreading from man to man4 
,after a time the ,master came back to  
,his senses4 ,the priest of the         
,tortoise did ,him great reverence4     
,this happened everywhere that ,he went4
 ,in that village a ,vaidik ,brahman    
named ,kurma1 very reverently invited   
the ,master1 brought ,him home1 washed  
,his feet1 and with his whole family    
drank the washing of ,his feet2 then he 
lovingly fed the ,master with many kinds
 of dishes1 and they all partook of the 

leavings4 ,he praised the ,master thus3 
,thy lotus-like feet1 which ,brahma     
himself adores1 have come to my house4  
,o my boundless good fortune6 ,to-day my
 birth1 race1 and faith have been       
glorified4 ,lord1 have mercy on me and  
take me with ,thee6 ,i cannot bear the  
sorrows of this worldly life4 ,but the  
,master replied1 ,say not so6 ,stay at  
home and recite ,krishna's name         
ceaselessly4 ,teach ,krishna's lore to  
whomsoever you meet with4 ,at my bidding
 be thou an apostle and save this land6 
,the world will never entangle you1 but 
you will see me here again4  ,every one 
at whose house ,he dined1 made this     
request1 and received this charge from  
the ,master4 ,everywhere in ,his        
pilgrimage1 till the return to ,puri1 it
 was exactly what ,he did at the        
,tortoise temple4  ,the night spent     
there1 next morning1 the ,master bathed 
and resumed ,his journey2 the ,brahman  
,kurma followed ,him long1 but at last  
the ,master persuaded him to return     

home4 ,a high-minded ,brahman named     
,vasudev1 was covered with leprosy1 but 
as the maggots dropped from his rotting 
limbs he used to pick them up and       
restore them to their places4 #c ,at    
night he heard of ,chaitanya's arrival1 
and next morning went to ,kurma's house 
to see ,him2 on hearing that the ,master
 was gone1 he fell down in a faint1 and 
lamented in many ways4 ,just then the   
,master returned1 embraced him1 and lo6 
his leprosy as well as grief was gone at
 the touch and his body became sound and
 beautiful6 ,he marvelled at the        
,master's grace and clasped ,his feet   
and praised ,him by repeating the verse 
in the ,bhagabat ,x4 lxxxi4 #ad1        
7,rukmini's message sent to ,krishna by 
the mouth of a ,brahman74  ,long did he 
thank the ,master1 saying1 ,listen1     
,gracious ,one6 ,no man has your virtue4
 ,even wretches fled from me at the     
stench of my body4 ,but thou1 ,supreme  
,lord1 hast touched me6 ,better for me  
my former state of misery1 because      

henceforth my heart will swell with     
pride4 ,the ,master soothed him saying1 
,no1 you will not be puffed up4 ,ever   
take ,krishna's name and save men by    
teaching them about ,krishna4 ,soon will
 ,krishna accept you4  ,so saying the   
,master vanished4 ,the two ,brahmans    
wept with joy at ,his grace1 clasping   
each other by the neck4 ,text1 canto #g4
   #a ,vidya-nagar4 ,evidently          
,rajmahendri1 now on the left bank of   
the ,godavari4 ,it was an important     
strategic point1 being on the natural   
frontier between ,kalinga and the       
kingdoms of the ,madras coast4 ,in #adei
 a minister of the ,gajapati king was   
ruling in this town2 in #adgj it was    
captured by the ,muhammadan ,sultan of  
the ,bahmani dynasty4 ,soon after #adhj 
it was taken by the king of ,orissa2    
about #aeae it was captured by ,krishna 
,dev1 the king of ,vijayanagar1 but     
restored4 ,in #aedc we find it ruled by 
,vidyadri1 a ,prince of the ,gajapati   
line1 who lost it finally to the        

,muhammadans in #aega4 7,godavari       
,gazetteer1 #bdd-bde47  #b ,sri ,kurmam1
 #h m4e4 of ,chicacole and the greatest 
place of pilgrimage to the ,telegus4    
7,ganjam ,manual #fb74  #c ,in          
,christian hagiology the same story is  
told about a saint of ,europe1 who      
addressed the maggots1 ,eat1 brothers1  
eat6    ,,chapter ,,vi  ,the ,meeting   
with ,ramananda ,ray  ,thus did the     
,master wend ,his way4 ,on reaching the 
temple of the ,nrisingha 7,man-lion7    
,incarnation at ,jiyad1#a ,he made ,his 
bow and rapturously sang and danced long
 in honour of the god1 saying1 ,glory to
 ,nrisingha6 ,glory to ,nrisingha6      
,prahlad's ,lord6 ,glory to you1 ,o     
,lotus-lipped1 ,o ,bee on the ,lotus6   
,the ,bhagabat1 ,,vii4 ix4 ,i4 verse    
quoted in ,shridhar ,goswami's          
commentary4  ,many such verses did the  
,master recite as ,he prayed to the god4
 ,the serving priest presented ,him with
 the god's garland4 ,as before1 a       
,brahman invited and fed the ,master1   

who passed the night there4 ,next       
morning ,he took up ,his journey again1 
,his emotion of faith making ,him       
heedless of outer things day and night4 
,as before1 ,he made the people turn    
,vaishnav1 and after a long time reached
 the bank of the ,godavari1 which       
reminded ,him of the ,jamuna1 while the 
wood on the bank suggested ,brindaban4  
,after dancing in the wood1 ,he crossed 
the river and bathed there4 ,sitting at 
the water's edge away from the ghat1 the
 ,master chanted ,krishna's name4 ,just 
then arrived ,ramananda ,ray in a       
litter1 attended by ,jiyad musicians and
 many ,vaidik ,brahmans1 to bathe4 ,he  
bathed and performed the rites duly4    
,the ,master at first sight knew him for
 ,ramananda ,ray1 and longed to meet    
him1 but sat checking ,his eagerness4   
,ramananda ,ray came up to ,him on      
seeing a sannyasi1 and wondered as he   
gazed on ,his person beaming like a     
hundred suns1 ,his robe of the hue of   
the morning sun1 ,his large vigorous    

frame1 ,his eyes like the lotus4 ,as he 
prostrated himself before the ,master1  
the latter stood up and said1 ,rise1 and
 chant ,krishna's name1 and though      
thirsting with desire to embrace him1   
,he asked1 ,art thou ,ramananda ,ray8   
,the man answered1 ,yes1 ,i am that     
slave1 a vile ,shudra4 ,passionately did
 the ,master embrace him1 and both      
tumbled down on the ground in excess of 
devo tion1 senseless with love1 inert or
 perspiring1 weeping1 trembling1 with   
hair standing on end1 pale of hue1 and  
lisping ',krishna6 ,krishna6'  ,the     
,vaidik ,brahmans marvelled as they     
beheld it1 and inly thought1 ,this      
sannyasi1 we see1 is powerful like      
,brahma4 ,why does he weep after        
embracing a ,shudra8 ,this noble is a   
grave and learned man2 why then has he  
been maddened by the touch of the       
sannyasi8 ,the ,master checked ,himself 
on seeing strangers4 ,the two composed  
themselves and sat down there4          
,smilingly the ,master began1           

,sarvabhauma ,bhattacharya has spoken to
 me of your merits1 and pressed me to   
see you4 ,for that purpose have ,i come 
here4 ,it is well that ,i have met you  
so easily4 ,the ,ray replied1           
,sarvabhauma knows me for his servant1  
and is ever on the watch to do me good  
even indirectly4 ,through his grace have
 ,i met you1 and to-day my life has     
become a success4 ,that you have        
graciously touched this untouchable     
,shudra is the proof of your mercy and  
that of ,sarvabhauma4 ,thou art the ,god
 ,narayan himself1 and ,i a royal       
servant1 a worldling1 a wretch6 ,in     
touching me thou didst not feel         
repulsion or fear of the ,vedas6 ,the   
,vedas forbid you even to look at me4   
,thy mercy leads thee to perform a      
forbidden act4 ,thou art ,god indeed2   
who can know thy ways8 ,for delivering  
me hast thou come here1 ,o ,fountain of 
,mercy6 ,o ,saviour of the ,fallen6     
,such is the habit of the great1 to sate
 a wretch he goes out of his way to pay 

him a visit6 ,vide the ,bhagabat1 ,x4   
viii4 #b1 ,nanda's words to ,garga3     
',master1 that saints travel from their 
own hermitages is only for doing        
spiritual good to those householders who
 cannot leave their houses2 there is no 
other purpose in it4'  ,the thousand    
men1 ,brahmans and others1 in my train1 
have had their hearts melted by ,thy    
sight4 ,all of them are shouting        
,krishna6 ,hari6 ,all are tremulous1 all
 are weeping in joy4 ,verily you have   
every characteristic1 internal and      
external1 of ,god4 ,no mortal can       
possess such supernatural power6  ,the  
,master replied1 ,you are the greatest  
of devotees4 ,it is your sight that has 
softened the hearts of all4 ,why impute 
it to another8 ,i am only a sannyasi    
holding the theory of illusion          
7maya-vad71 but even ,i have been       
steeped in the love of ,krishna by your 
touch4 ,knowing that my heart is hard to
 reform1 ,sarvabhauma had asked me to   
meet you4  ,thus did the two praise each

 other1 each delighted to see the other4
 ,then a ,vaishnav ,vaidik ,brahman     
bowed and invited the ,master1 who      
accepted the invitation knowing him to  
be a ,vaishnav4 ,smiling1 the ,master   
said to ,ramananda1 ,i wish to hear the 
discourse of ,krishna from your lips4 ,i
 hope ,i shall see you again4 ,the ,ray 
replied1 ,you have come here to save    
this sinner4 ,but my wicked heart has   
not been cleansed by the mere sight of  
you4 ,stay for #e or #g days to purge my
 hard heart of its sins4 ,ramananda ,ray
 bowed and went away1 though loth to    
part1 while the ,master went to the     
,brahman's house to dine4 ,eagerly did  
the two look for their meeting in the   
evening4 ,as the ,master was sitting    
after his sunset bath1 the ,ray arrived 
with a servant4 ,he bowed to the        
,master1 who embraced him4 ,the two     
conversed in a retired spot4 ,the       
,master bade him recite the verses      
indicating the means of gaming devotion 
7sadhya74 ,the ,ray replied1 ,we acquire

 faith in ,vishnu by doing the duties of
 our rank4 ,as the ,vishnu ,puran1      
,,iii4 viii4 #h1 says1 ',worship the    
,supreme ,being ,vishnu by doing the    
prescribed duties of your caste4 ,there 
is no other means of pleasing ,him4'    
,the ,master objected1 ,this is only an 
external means4 ,mention one more       
advanced4 ,the ,ray replied1 ,the       
highest means of acquiring devotion is  
to resign to ,krishna the fruits of our 
acts1 as the ,gita1 ,,ix4 #bg1 puts it3 
',o ,son of ,kunti1 consign to me       
whatever you do1 be it eating1          
performing the horn ceremony1           
alms-giving1 or austerity4'  ,the       
,master again objected1 ,this too is    
external4 ,go deeper into the subject4  
,the ,ray answered1 ,the highest means  
of devotion is abandoning one's         
caste-duties out of love for ,krishna1  
as the ,lord says to ,uddhav in the     
,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xi4 #cb3  ',he too is  
the highest of holy men1 who knowing    
well the gain and loss of such a course1

 worships me by renouncing the ,vedic   
rites and ceremonies of his caste1      
though these too were ordained by me4'  
,also1 as the ,gita1 xvvi4 #ff1 has it3 
',take refuge in ,,me alone1 giving up  
all religions4 ,grieve not2 ,i will     
deliver thee from all sins4'  ,but to   
this the ,master objected1 ,this too is 
external4 ,tell me of a still higher    
means4 ,the ,ray answered1 ,faith based 
on knowledge is the highest means of    
devotion4 ,as ,shri ,krishna says to    
,arjun in the ,gita1 xviii4 #ed3  ',the 
peaceful soul that dwells on ,brahma1   
and feels not sorrow or desire1 but is  
the same in all states1 gains my supreme
 bhakti4'  ,again the ,master objected  
as before4 ,the ,ray answered1 ,faith   
independent of knowledge is the highest 
instrument of devotion4 ,witness        
,brahma's words to ,god in the          
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #c3  ',lord1 hard as
 ,thou art to be won in the ,universe1  
yet they realize ,thee who reject the   
quest of theological knowledge but stay 

at home1 listening to ,thy story as told
 by holy men and accepting it with all  
their mind1 body and soul4'  ,the       
,master remarked1 ,it is so2 but mention
 a higher still4 ,the ,ray said1 ,the   
highest devotion is love7 7prem-bhakti74
 ,witness the following verses of       
,ramananda ,ray quoted in the           
,padyavali1 cantos xi and xii           
respectively3  ',we relish food and     
drink only so long as we have hunger and
 thirst4 ,similarly1 the devotee        
delights not in worshipping his heart's 
darling with elaborate ,preparations1   
but in love alone4'  ',get a heart      
inspired with love of ,krishna1 if ever 
you can get it4 ,its only price is      
greed1--a price which we cannot acquire 
even by the accumulated merits of ten   
millions of births4'  ,the ,master      
remarked as before4 ,the ,ray replied1  
,the love of a servant is the highest   
devotion4 ,witness the speech of        
,durvasha in the ,bhagabat1 ,,ix4 v4    
#aa3--  ',what is too hard for the      

,lord's servants to gain1 as the very   
listening to ,his name purifies all     
creatures8'  ,the ,master remarked1 ,it 
is so1 but give a still deeper cause4   
,the ,ray replied1 ,love as for a       
comrade is the highest form of devotion4
 ,witness ,shukdev's words to           
,parikshit1 in the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xii4  
#aj3  ',god is known to the good as the 
consciousness of divine pleasure        
7brahma-sukhanubhuti71 and to ,his      
servants as the ,supreme ,object of     
,adoration4 ,that such a ,god played    
with the deluded cow-boys in the garb of
 a human child1 was due to their        
excessive merit4'  ,the ,master said1   
,this too is good4 ,mention a higher one
 still4 ,the ,ray went on1 ,the highest 
devotion is love as for a child4        
,witness the following verses of the    
,bhagabat3  ',shukdev6 what high-class  
meritorious deeds did ,nanda perform1   
and what did the blessed ,yashoda do    
that she suckled the ,divine ,being8    
7,x4 viii4 #cf74  ',the bliss that the  

cowherd's wife ,yashoda derived from her
 ,saviour-son was never gained by       
,brahma1 or ,shiva1 or even by ,lakshmi 
though clasped to ,his person4' 7,x4 ix4
 #ae47  ,the ,master said1 ,this is     
good1 no doubt4 ,but mention a higher   
still4 ,the ,ray replied1 ,passion as   
for a lover is the highest form of      
devotion4 ,witness the following verses 
of the ,bhagabat3  ',verily the favour  
shown by the ,supreme ,being to the fair
 ones of ,brindaban1 when in the rasa   
sport ,he clasped them round the neck   
with ,his arms1 was not enjoyed even by 
,lakshmi1 who is held to ,his heart1 nor
 by the heavenly nymphs though blooming 
and odorous like the lotus2 not to speak
 of other women4' 7,x4 xlvii4 #ec7  ,the
 ,ray continued1 ,many are the means of 
attaining to ,krishna1 and there are    
degrees of such attainment4 ,by         
whichever of these means a man is       
inspired1 it appears as the highest to  
him4 ,it is only when we judge from a   
position of detachment that we can      

discriminate them as good1 better1 and  
best4  ,the preceding five passions are 
arranged in the order of their upward   
development4 ,with the increase of      
quality there is an increase of         
deliciousness at each step4 ,the shanta 
passion attains its maturity in the     
dasya1 the dasya in the sakhya1 the     
sakhya in the batsalya1 and all of these
 four are concentrated in the madhura1  
just as the properties of the four      
elements1 viz41 sky1 air1 c4 increase in
 an advancing order and are all united  
in the fifth element1 the ,earth4 ,the  
full attainment of ,krishna results from
 this last passion of conjugal love     
7prema74 ,the ,bhagabat asserts that    
,krishna is a slave to devotion in the  
form of prema4  ,krishna's purpose      
remains constant in all ages3 ,he makes 
a return to our adoration in exactly the
 same form in which we offer it4 ,but   
,he cannot reciprocate this prem        
adoration to the full1 and so remains   
our debtor1 as the ,bhagabat affirms4   

7,x4 xxxii4 #ba1 ,krishna's words to the
 milk-maids74  ,true1 ,krishna is the   
highest type of beauty and grace1 but   
even ,his charm increases when ,he is in
 the company of the ,lady of ,braja4    
,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxxiii4 #f3 
',as the beauty of the emerald is set   
off when it is placed amidst            
golden-coloured gems1 so shines ,krishna
 when girt round by the beaming girls of
 ,brindaban4'  ,the ,master remarked1   
,this is indeed the extreme point among 
the means of devotion4 ,kindly tell me  
if there is anything beyond it6 ,the    
,ray said1 ,i did not know before that  
the earth contained any man who would   
inquire beyond this point6 ,of all kinds
 of conjugal passion ,radha's love is   
celebrated in all our ,scriptures as the
 highest4  ,the ,master said1 ,speak on6
 ,i delight to hear4 ,a wondrous stream 
of nectar is flowing out of your lips4  
,show how ,krishna abducted ,radha for  
fear of interruption by the other       
cow-herd girls2 because a love that     

extends to others than the beloved is   
not deep enough4 ,if you can show that  
for ,radha's sake ,krishna openly       
forsook the other ,gopis1 then ,i shall 
know that he passionately loved her4    
,the ,ray replied1 ,hear1 then1 of this 
glorious power of love4 ,the three      
worlds cannot match ,radha's love4      
,krishna broke away from the circle of  
the rasa dance of the ,gopis and        
wandered through the woods mourning for 
,radha4 ,witness the ,git-,govinda1     
canto ,,iii4 verses #b and i1 and the   
,ujjwala-,nilmani1 verse #dc4  ,radha   
left the dance in anger and wounded     
pride4 ,krishna grew restless as he lost
 her4 ,his whole heart was set on the   
rasa dance1 and ,radha was the chain    
that bound his heart to it4 ,in her     
absence1 the rasa dance palled on his   
taste4 ,so he left the circle of dancers
 to seek her out4 ,as he roamed hither  
and thither1 without finding her1 he    
grieved1 stricken with ,cupid's dart4 ,a
 thousand million ,gopis could not      

satiate his passion4 ,from this you may 
infer ,radha's merit6  ,the ,master     
said1 ,i have now learnt those spiritual
 mysteries for which ,i came to you4    
,now have ,i learnt how to ascertain the
 various methods of adoration4 ,but ,i  
long to hear more3 tell me of ,krishna's
 form1 of ,radha's form1 what mystery is
 rasa1 what is the essence of love      
7prem74 ,be kind and tell me these      
mysteries2 none but you can expound     
them4 ,the ,ray answered1 ,i know       
nothing of these things1 but only utter 
what you inspire me with1 as the parrot 
repeats what it has learnt by rote4 ,you
 are ,god incarnate2 who can comprehend 
your artifice8 ,you send your message to
 my heart1 and make my tongue deliver   
it1 without my knowing whether ,i am    
speaking well or ill6  ,the ,master     
answered1 ,i am merely a sannyasi1 a    
slave to the theory of illusion and     
ignorant of the mysteries of faith      
7bhakti74 ,the society of ,sarvabhauma  
has purified my mind1 and ,i asked him  

to speak on devotion to ,krishna4 ,but  
he replied that he knew not ,krishna's  
lore1 and referred me to you as a master
 of it4 ,so ,i came to you1 on hearing  
of your reputation1 and yet you praise  
me because ,i am a sannyasi6 ,be he a   
,brahman1 be he a hermit1 be he even a  
,shudra1 if he knows ,krishna's         
mysteries1 he is a guru4 ,cheat me not  
of such knowledge for my being a        
sannyasi4 ,fill my mind by holding forth
 on the mysteries of ,radha and         
,krishna4  ,the ,ray was a great devotee
 and adorer of ,vishnu1 and his mind was
 proof against ,krishna's illusion4 ,but
 he yielded to the ,master's pressing1  
and his will was shaken4 ,so he said1 ,i
 am a dancer and you are the manager of 
the theatre2 ,i dance as you make me4   
,my tongue is merely a harp1 and you the
 musician who plays on it4 ,i utter     
whatever you think of in your mind4     
,krishna is the ,highest ,god1 the      
,perfect ,being ,himself1 the source of 
all ,incarnations1 the chief of all     

causes4 ,he is the source of the eternal
 ,heaven1 the eternal ,incarnation1 the 
eternal ,universe4 ,his body is composed
 of sat1 chit and ananda2 ,he is the    
,son of ,mathura's lord1 full of all    
wealth1 all power1 all ras4 ,vide the   
,brahma ,samhita ,v4 i4  ,at ,brindaban 
,he appeared as the supernatural        
youthful ,cupid1 at whose adoration the 
formula recited is ,love1 the offering  
presented is the seed of ,love4 ,there  
,he drew all hearts of men and women1 of
 the animate and the inanimate4 ,he was 
,cupid's self1 the conqueror of hearts4 
,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxxii4 #b4  
,he ravished the hearts of ,incarnations
 like ,lakshmi's husband1 ,vide the     
,bhagabat1 ,x4 lxxxix4 #cb2 ,he drew to 
,himself women like ,lakshmi ,vide the  
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xvi4 #cb4  ,his own      
beauty charmed ,his own heart1 and ,he  
wished to embrace ,himself ,vide the    
,lalita-,madhav1 ,act viii4 verse #bh4  
,such in brief is ,krishna's form4 ,now 
let me tell you a little of ,radha's    

self4 ,krishna's powers are infinite1   
but three of them are the chief1 viz41  
the chit power1 the illusion power      
7maya71 and the preservation power      
7jiba74 ,these three ,i call the        
internal1 the external1 and the marginal
 7or adjacent74 ,the highest is the     
internal swarup power4 ,witness the     
,vishnu ,puran1 ,,vi4 vii4 #fj4         
,krishna's self is composed of sat1 chit
 and ananda4 ,therefore ,his swarup     
power must be of three kinds3 in the    
ananda portion it is hladini1 in the sat
 portion it is sandhini1 in the chit    
portion it is sambita4 ,witness the     
,vishnu ,puran1 ,i4 xii4 #dh3  ,what    
delights ,krishna is named the ,ahladini
 power1 by which ,he enjoys delight4    
,krishna is ,himself delight1 and yet   
,he tastes delight4 ,hladini has been   
created to give enjoyment to the        
faithful4 ,the essence of hladini is    
named prem 7love74 ,the story of prem is
 filled with the emotions of ananda and 
chit4 ,the supreme emotion 7mahabhaba71 

is the quintessence of prem4 ,the lady  
,radha is the personation of that       
supreme emotion4 ,vide the ,brahma      
,samhita1 ,v4 #cc  99 99 99 99 99  ,the 
,master spoke1 ,this is the limit of the
 thing adored4 ,through your grace ,i   
have learnt it of a verity4 ,none can   
gain the ,adorable without adoration4   
,tell me kindly the way to gain ,him4   
,the ,ray answered1 ,i speak as you make
 me1 without my knowing what ,i say4    
,where in all the three worlds can we   
find the constant man who cannot be     
shaken by your illusive play8 ,you are  
speaking through my mouth2 yet you are  
my listener6 ,hear1 then1 the deep      
mystery of adoration4 ,the play of      
,radha with ,krishna is extremely deep1 
and cannot be learnt from the dasya1    
batsalya and other moods4 ,the sakhis   
7female associates7 alone are qualified 
for it2 from them has this play 7lila7  
spread4 ,this play cannot be kept up    
without sakhis2 they alone relish this  
lila in full4 ,sakhis alone have a right

 to this lila1 i4e41 those who adore    
,krishna in the spirit of ,his sakhis4  
,such votaries can practise devotion in 
the form of attending on ,krishna and   
,radha in their secret bower4 ,there is 
no other means of mastering this form of
 devotion4 ,witness the ,git-,govinda1  
x4 #ag3  ',what man versed in the       
deepest mystery 7ras7 will not take     
refuge at the feet of the sakhis1 the   
personations of the chief power1 without
 whose help ,radha and ,krishna's       
pleasure-force and                      
pleasure-manifestation1 though          
self-expressive1 cannot for a moment    
attain to fulness of development8'  ,the
 character of the sakhis baffles        
description4 ,a sakhi does not long to  
play with ,krishna all by herself2 but  
she feels a keener delight in contriving
 ,krishna's dalliance with ,radha4      
,radha is verily the ,wishing creeper   
7,kalpalata7 of the love of ,krishna1   
and the sakhis are the leaves1 flowers1 
and shoots of this creeper6 ,if the     

nectar of dalliance with ,krishna waters
 the creeper1 the leaves1 c4 delight in 
it ten million times more than if they  
themselves had been watered6 ,vide the  
,git-,govinda1 x4 #af4  ,the sakhis do  
not wish for ,krishna's embrace1 but    
they exert themselves to make ,krishna  
embrace ,radha4 ,for this purpose they  
send ,krishna to her under a thousand   
pretexts4 ,thereby they gain a pleasure 
ten million times sweeter than that of  
selfish enjoyment4 ,the unselfish       
devotion of these towards each other    
strengthens the deliciousness 7ras71 and
 the sight of such unselfish love       
delights ,krishna4 ,the love felt by the
 ,gopis is not truly earthly lust2 for  
the sake of analogy we call it lust     
7kam74  ,earthly lust seeks sensual     
gratification for one's own self4 ,the  
passion of the ,gopis1 on the other     
hand1 seeks ,krishna's enjoyment1       
abandoning all idea of self4 ,they      
hanker not for their own pleasure1 but  
if they embrace ,krishna it is only to  

please ,him4  ,he whose heart is lured  
by the nectar of the ,gopi's passion1   
adores ,krishna abandoning ,vedic       
worship4 ,that man wins in ,brindaban   
the ,darling of ,braja's lord1 who      
adores ,him by following the path of    
passionate love 7rag74 ,he who adores   
,krishna in the spirit of any of the    
people of ,braja contemporaneous with   
,krishna1 is born at ,braja in his next 
birth in the form of that person whose  
passion he imitated1 and thus gains     
,krishna4 ,this is proved by the        
,upanishads and the ,shrutis4 ,witness  
the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 lxxxvii4 #ai4  ,in   
that verse the term samadrisha indicates
 adoration in that spirit1 the term     
samah speaks of the acquisition by the  
gods of the persons of the ,gopis1      
anghri padma sudha means the delight of 
,krishna's society4 ,at ,braja you will 
not gain ,krishna by following the path 
of prescribed ceremonies4 ,vide the     
,bhagabat1 ,x4 ix4 #af3  ',ascetics     
proud of their conquest of the flesh1   

and scholars centred in themselves1     
cannot gain the ,supreme ,lord so easily
 as ,his devotees 7bhaktas7 can4'       
,therefore1 having taken on ourselves   
the attitude of the ,gopis1 we daily    
meditate on ,krishna's dalliance with   
,radha4 ,in the siddhi body we meditate 
and serve it1 and in the next birth we  
gain ,radha-,krishna's feet by being    
born as sakhis4 ,you cannot gain        
,krishna1 however much you adore ,him1  
if you only meditate on ,him as a       
divinity and not serve ,him as a ,gopi4 
,see1 how ,lakshmi adored ,him1 but     
could not gain ,him in ,braja4 ,vide the
 ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xlvii4 #c4  ,on hearing 
all this the ,master embraced him1 and  
the two wept holding each other by the  
neck4 ,thus did they pass the night in  
transports of devotion1 and at dawn     
parted1 each to his own work4 ,when     
taking leave1 ,ramananda ,ray clasped   
the ,master's feet and begged him1 ,you 
have come here out of pity for me4 ,stay
 here therefore for some ten days to    

reform my sinful heart4 ,none but you   
can deliver mankind2 none else can      
impart love for ,krishna4  ,the ,master 
answered1 ,i came here on hearing of    
your merits1 to purify my own mind by   
listening to your discourses on         
,krishna4 ,you are indeed worthy of your
 reputation4 ,you are the limit of human
 knowledge as regards the mystery of the
 love of ,krishna and ,radha4 ,what of  
ten days8 ,so long as ,i live1 ,i cannot
 part with you4 ,let us two dwell       
together at ,puri1 passing our days     
happily in talk about ,krishna4 ,so they
 parted4 ,in the evening the ,ray came  
again4 ,the two sat together in         
seclusion and held a delightful         
dialogue1 the ,master asking and        
,ramananda answering throughout the     
night4  ,the ,master asked1 ,which      
science is the chief of sciences8 ,the  
,ray answered1 ,there is no true science
 except devotion to ,krishna4 ,what is  
the greatest glory in a creature8 ,the  
fame of being a devotee of ,krishna's   

love4 ,what wealth is estimable among   
human possessions8 ,he is wealthy indeed
 who loves ,radha and ,krishna4 ,what is
 the heaviest of sorrows8 ,there is no  
sorrow other than lack of devotion to   
,krishna4 ,whom should we consider as   
truly liberated8 ,he is the foremost of 
the emancipated who loves ,krishna4     
,what song among all songs is peculiarly
 own to creatures8 ,that ditty which    
speaks of the amorous sports of ,krishna
 and ,radha4 ,what is the best of right 
courses8 ,there is no right course      
except the society of ,krishna's        
devotees4 ,whom does creation           
ceaselessly remember8 ,the name1        
virtues1 and exploits of ,krishna are   
the chief things to be remembered4 ,what
 is the proper subject of meditation for
 mankind8 ,the lotus-feet of ,radha and 
,krishna are the chief object of        
meditation4 ,where ought a man to live  
abandoning all else8 ,brindaban1 the    
land of ,braja1 where the rasa play was 
performed4 ,what is the best thing for a

 creature to hear8 ,the love-dalliance  
of ,radha and ,krishna is a potent      
medicine to the ear4 ,what is the chief 
object of worship8 ,the highest objects 
of adoration are the coupled names      
,radha-,krishna4 ,what are the          
respective destinations of those who    
desire liberation and devotion8 ,one    
gets an immovable body1 the other a     
celestial person4 ,the foolish crow     
pecks at the ash-fruit 7nimba71 while   
the connoisseur cuckoo feeds on the     
mango-blossom of love4 ,the luckless    
scholar tastes arid theological         
knowledge1 while the lucky devotee      
drinks the nectar of ,krishna's love4   
,thus did the two while away the night  
in talking of ,krishna1 dancing1        
singing1 and weeping4 ,at dawn they     
returned1 each to his own duties4  ,next
 evening the ,ray came again1 and after 
discoursing on ,krishna in a loving     
communion for some time1 he clasped the 
,master's feet and implored ,him1 ,the  
mysteries of ,krishna1 ,radha1 love1    

rasa1 and lila1 are diverse4 ,but you   
have made them all clear to my heart4   
,it has been as if ,narayan taught the  
,vedas to ,brahma4 ,such are the ways of
 the ,searcher of ,hearts2 ,he does not 
outwardly tell us of a thing1 but       
reveals it to our hearts4 ,vide the     
,bhagabat1 ,i4 i4 ,i4  ,there is one    
doubt still in my heart4 ,be good enough
 to resolve it4 ,when ,i first saw you1 
you looked like a sannyasi2 but now ,i  
behold in you ,krishna1 the cowherd6    
,lo1 there stands before you a golden   
idol1 the golden hue of which envelopes 
all your body4 ,that reveals the flute  
held to your lips and your lotus-eyes   
glancing with many emotions6 ,i marvel  
as ,i behold you in this form4 ,tell me 
truly the cause of it4 ,the ,master     
replied1 ,deep is your love for         
,krishna4 ,know this to be the effect of
 love that when the true devotee gazes  
on any object1 animate or inanimate1    
,krishna is manifested to him in that   
object4 ,the object gazed at may be     

inanimate or animate1 but he sees not   
its natural form2 his adored deity      
appears in everything4 ,vide the        
,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 ii4 #dc1 ,hari's words 
to ,janak3--  ',he is the highest of    
devotees who beholds in every creature  
the ,god of his adoration1 and all      
creation in the spirit of ,god4'  ,also1
 the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxxv4 #e1 the speech
 of the ,gopis to ,krishna3  ',then the 
fruit and flower laden branches of      
plants and creepers felt as it were     
within themselves the ,god who was      
manifesting ,himself1 and with their    
limbs thrilling with delight began to   
shed drops of honey4'  ,deep is your    
love for ,radha and ,krishna2 hence you 
behold ,them in everything4 ,the ,ray   
objected1 ,master1 leave thou thy       
tricks4 ,conceal not thy true form from 
me4 ,having taken on thyself the emotion
 and beauty of ,radhika1 thou hast      
become incarnate in order to taste thy  
own delight4 ,thy secret object is the  
enjoyment of love2 incidentally thou    

hast filled the universe with love4     
,thou hast come of thy own accord to    
deliver me4 ,and now thou deludest me6  
,what sort of conduct is this8  ,then   
the ,master smiled and manifested ,his  
true form in which were blended         
,krishna1 the ,prince of delight 7ras7  
and ,god1 the ,supreme ,emotion4 ,in    
rapture ,ramananda fainted and rolled on
 the ground4 ,the ,master touched his   
arm and brought him back to his senses4 
,then the ,ray beheld the ,master       
looking like a sannyasi2 but the latter 
embraced him and soothed him thus1 ,who 
else than you can behold this form8 ,you
 know fully my essence and mysterious   
exploits 7lila72 hence have ,i shown you
 this form4 ,my body is not of a fair   
complexion1 but this complexion is due  
to contact with ,radha's body4 ,she     
touches none except the ,prince of the  
,cowherds4 ,i make my own heart imagine 
her emotions1 and thus ,i taste the     
delicious sweetness of ,krishna4 ,my    
acts are not hidden from you4 ,even if  

,i were to conceal any1 you would know  
it by the compelling force of your love4
 ,keep this matter a secret from the    
public1 lest people should laugh at my  
endeavours as those of a mad man4 ,i am 
a mad man1 and so are you2 we two are a 
match6  ,thus did the ,master spend ten 
days happily in sweet discourse about   
,krishna with ,ramananda ,ray4 ,much did
 ,he discuss the secret pleasure-sport  
of ,brindaban1 but could not come to the
 end of the subject4 ,if a man discovers
 a mine with copper1 bronze1 silver1    
gold1 gem1 and the wishing stone        
deposited in successive layers1 he comes
 upon richer and richer things as he    
goes on digging4 ,similarly did the     
,master question ,rama ,ray and get his 
answer4  ,next day ,he took leave of the
 ,ray and ordered him1 ,give up your    
earthly concerns and go to ,puri1 where 
,i shall soon return after finishing my 
pilgrimage4 ,there we shall live        
together passing our days happily in    
talking about ,krishna4  ,so saying ,he 

sent ,ramananda home with an embrace1   
and then lay down to sleep4 ,at dawn the
 ,master saw a ,hanuman 7monkey71 bowed 
to it1 and set out4 ,all classes of     
people at ,vidya-pur1 on meeting with   
the ,master1 quitted their own faiths   
and turned ,vaishnav4 ,ramananda was    
distracted by the absence of the ,master
 and ever meditated on ,him1 utterly    
disregarding all his own affairs4       
,chaitanya's character is by nature like
 thickened milk1 ,ramananda's character 
is sugar added to it1 and the dalliance 
of ,radha and ,krishna is like camphor  
thrown into this compound1 which only   
the fortunate can taste4 ,he who once   
drinks it in through his ears1 can never
 leave it for its deliciousness4 ,all   
spiritual truths are learnt if you hear 
it2 it creates faith and love in        
,radha-,krishna's feet4  ,know the      
hidden truth of ,chaitanya from this    
episode4 ,attend to it with faith2 do   
not reason4 ,this supernatural deed is  
deeply mysterious4 ,you can realize it  

if you believe1 but reasoning will only 
set it afar off4 ,this precious thing is
 for them only whose sole riches are the
 feet of ,shri ,chaitanya1 ,nityananda1 
and ,adwaita6 ,i have celebrated the    
,meeting with ,ramananda on the basis of
 ,damodar ,swarup's ,diary 7,karcha74   
,text1 canto #h4  #a ,evidently         
,simhachalam1 a hill five miles north of
 ,vizagapatam1 containing a temple to   
,narasimha4 ,this is the most famous1   
richest and best sculptured shrine in   
,vizagapatam4 ,an inscription shows that
 a queen of ,gonka ,,iii4 covered the   
image with gold4 ,architecturally the   
temple apparently deserves high praise4 
7,vizagapatam ,gazetteer1 #cbc-cbe1     
#bh-bi47    ,,chapter ,,vii  ,the       
,pilgrimage to the ,south  ,the ,master 
travelled very extensively in the       
,south1 visiting thousands of holy      
places4 ,at ,his touch they became the  
holiest of holy places4 ,under the      
pretext of a pilgrimage ,he delivered   
the people of that country4 ,i shall    

only give a list of the places without  
arranging them in the order in which    
they were visited4  ,as before1 whoever 
met ,him on the way and all the people  
of every village that ,he lodged in1    
were turned into ,vaishnavs and made to 
chant ,hari's name4 ,they in their turn 
converted other villages4 ,diverse were 
the people of the ,south1 some scholars1
 some ritualists1 some extreme sceptics1
 ,lo6 the marvellous effect of the sight
 of the ,master6 all such men gave up   
their own creeds and turned ,vaishnav4  
,even among the ,vaishnavs of the ,south
 some were worshippers of ,vishnu in the
 incarnation of ,ram1 some the followers
 of ,madhwacharya1 some of ,ramanuj's   
sect of ,shri ,vaishnavs4 ,all of them1 
on meeting with the ,master1 became     
worshippers of ,vishnu in the           
incarnation of ,krishna1 and began to   
chant ,krishna's name4  ,the ,master    
journeyed on1 reciting the verse3       
,o ,ram ,raghav6 ,o ,ram ,raghav6 ,o    
,ram ,raghav6         ,deliver me6      

,o ,krishna ,keshav6 ,krishna ,keshav6  
,krishna ,keshav6         ,save me6  ,he
 bathed in the ,ganga ,gotami           
7,godavari74 ,at ,mallikarjun ,he       
visited the shrine of ,mahesha1 where   
,he made all the people recite          
,krishna's name4 ,he beheld the ,ramdas 
,mahadev1 and also the ,man-,lion at    
,ahobal1 bowing to and glorifying the   
latter4 ,at ,siddha-bat is the image of 
,sita's lord2 the ,master bowed to the  
image of ,ram and sang hymns to it4     
,there ,he was invited by a ,brahman of 
the place1 who incessantly took ,ram's  
nume and no other4 ,after passing the   
day in his house as his guest1 the      
,master proceeded on4 ,at               
,skanda-kshetra ,he visited ,kartik1 and
 at ,tri-matha the god ,tri-vikrama1    
whence ,he returned to that ,brahman's  
house at ,siddha-bat1 but found him     
chanting ,krishna's name6 ,after dinner 
the ,master asked him1 ,why1 ,brahman6  
has this change come over you8 ,formerly
 you used to cry ',ram1 ,ram' and now   

you chant ,krishna's name6 ,the ,brahman
 replied1 ,this is the effect of your   
visit4 ,the sight of you changed my     
life-long habit4 ,from childhood have ,i
 been chanting ,ram's name2 but when ,i 
met you ,i once tittered the word       
,krishna1 and since then ,krishna's name
 has settled on my tongue4 ,it is       
,krishna's name that comes out of my    
mouth1 while the name of ,ram has       
disappeared4 ,it had been my practice   
since my boyhood to collect the texts   
bearing on the glory of ,god's names4   
,in the ,padma ,puran1 we read3  ',yogis
 sport 7rama7 in the eternal ,god1 whose
 self is composed of sat1 chit1 and     
ananda4 ,hence the term ,ram means the  
,supreme ,god4'  ,again1 the            
,mahabharat1 ,udyog ,parba1 canto lxxi4 
#d1 says 'the term ',krishna'1 meaning  
the ,supreme ,god1 has been derived from
 the verb krish meaning existence and   
the inflexion na meaning cessation4'    
,so1 the two names ,ram and ,krishna    
appeared equal1 but ,i next found texts 

making a discrimination between them4   
,the ,padma ,puran has this3  ',o       
perfect-featured ,darling6 my heart's   
,delight6 reciting the word ,ram thrice 
earns as much merit as taking ,god's    
name a thousand times6'  ,the ,brahmanda
 ,puran asserts1  ',a single utterance  
of the name of ,krishna is as           
efficacious as reciting ,god's thousand 
sacred epithets three times in          
succession4'  ,the last text proves the 
immeasurable excellence of ,krishna's   
name4 ,and yet ,i could not repeat it1  
only because ,i found delight in the    
name of ,ram1 the god of my vows        
7ishtadev71 and took the latter         
incessantly4 ,when at your visit the    
word ,krishna rose to my lips1 my heart 
recognized its glory4 ,and ,i truly     
inferred that you are ,krishna himself4 
,so saying the ,brahman fell at the     
,master's feet1 who after bestowing ,his
 grace left him the next day4  ,at      
,vriddha ,kashi the ,master visited     
,shiva1 and thence went on to another   

village1 where ,he lodged with the      
,brahmans4 ,so great was ,his power that
 countless people1--hundreds of         
thousand1 millions even1--came to see   
,him4 ,beholding the beauty and         
religious ecstasy of the ,master they   
all chanted ,krishna's name1 and the    
whole region was converted to           
,vaishnavism4 ,he refuted and proved    
faulty all the doctrines of the         
logicians1 mimansakas1 illusionists1    
with the followers of ,sankhya1         
,patanjal1 ,smriti1 ,puran1 and ,veda1  
though they were strong in defending    
their tenets4 ,everywhere the ,master   
established the dogmas of ,vaishnavism1 
which none could refute4 ,his vanquished
 antagonists accepted ,his creed1 and so
 ,he made the ,south ,vaishnav4 ,on     
hearing of ,his scholarship the sceptics
 7pashandi7 came to ,him1 boastfully    
bringing their pupils with them4 ,a very
 learned ,buddhist professor held forth 
on the nine doctrines of his church     
before the ,master4 ,though the         

,buddhists are unfit to be talked to or 
even to be looked at1 yet the ,master   
argued with him to lower his pride4 ,the
 very ,buddhist philosophy of nine      
tenets1 though rich in logical          
reasoning1 was torn to pieces by the    
,master's argumentation4 ,the ,buddhist 
professor raised all his nine questions1
 but only to be refuted by the ,master's
 vigorous logic4 ,the great philosophers
 were all vanquished2 the audience      
tittered2 the ,buddhist felt shame and  
alarm4 ,knowing that the ,master was a  
,vaishnav1 the ,buddhists retired and   
hatched a wicked plan3 ,they placed     
before the ,master a plate of unclean   
rice1 describing it as ,vishnu's prasad4
 ,but just then a huge bird swooped down
 and carried off the plate in its beak6 
,the rice falling on the bodies of the  
,buddhists was openly rendered impure2  
the plate fell down slanting on the     
,buddhist professor's head1 cutting it  
open1 and throwing him down in a fit4   
,his disciples lifted up their voices in

 lamentation1 and sought the ,master's  
feet imploring ,him1 ,thou art ,god     
incarnate6 ,o forgive us6 ,out of thy   
grace restore our teacher4 ,the ,master 
replied1 ,cry out1 all of you1          
,krishna's name4 ,pour the word loudly  
into your teacher's ears1 and he will   
recover4 ,they did it1 the professor    
rose up and began to chant ,hari6 ,hari6
 ,he did reverence to the ,master       
saluting ,him as ,krishna1 to the wonder
 of all4 ,after this playful act the    
,son of ,shachi vanished2 none could see
 ,him4  ,he arrived at ,tirupati        
,tirumal1 where ,he beheld the          
four-armed idol1 and then advanced to   
,venkatar4 ,at ,tirupati ,he beheld the 
image of ,ram1 to which ,he bowed and   
sang hymns4 ,the people marvelled at    
,his powers4 ,then ,he came to the      
,man-,lion of ,pana1 which ,he saluted  
and extolled in a transport of love4 ,at
 ,shiva ,kanchi he visited ,shiva2 ,his 
power turned the worshippers of ,shakti 
and ,shiva into ,vaishnavs4 ,at ,vishnu 

,kanchi he beheld ,lakshmi and ,narayan1
 to whom ,he bowed and prayed long1     
danced and sang in fervour4 ,his stay of
 two days bowed the hearts of men to    
,krishna4 ,thence by way of ,tirunal ,he
 went to ,tri-kal-hasti1 and bowed to   
the image of ,mahadev there4 ,and so on 
to the ,paksha-tirtha1 the ,shiva1 the  
,vriddhakal-tirtha 7the shrine of the   
,white ,boar71 ,pitambar probably       
,chidambaram 7the shrine of ,shiva71 the
 ,shiyali ,bhairabi ,devi1 the bank of  
the ,kaveri1 ,gosamaj 7,shaiva holy     
place7 and ,bedawan1 7where ,he adored  
the ,amrita-linga ,shiva74 ,everywhere  
the worshippers at ,shiva's shrines were
 turned into ,vaishnavs4 ,thence ,he    
reached ,devasthan1 a ,vaishnav shrine1 
and there kept constant company with the
 ,shri-,vaishnavs4 ,proceeding further  
,he visited the lake formed by          
,kumbhakarna's skull1 the               
,shiva-kshetra1 ,papa-nashan 7a shrine  
of ,vishnu71 and ,shri-rangam1 where ,he
 bathed in the ,kaveri and then adored  

,ranganath1 bowing and hymning to the   
god to ,his heart's satisfaction1 and   
dancing and singing in rapture1 to the  
marvel of all beholders4  ,here a       
,shri-,vaishnav named ,venkata ,bhatta  
invited the ,master to his house1       
reverently washed ,his feet and with his
 family drank of the water4 ,after      
feeding he besought the ,master thus3   
,master1 the four months of asceticism  
7chaturmasya7 are at hand4 ,i pray thee 
pass them in my house1 and of thy grace 
save me by discoursing on ,krishna4 ,at 
his house the ,master stayed for four   
months1 passing the time happily in     
talking about ,krishna with the ,bhatta4
 ,daily ,he bathed in the ,kaveri1      
visited ,shri ,ranga1 and danced in     
ecstasy4 ,all men flocked to gaze on    
,his beauty and rapture of devotion1 and
 at the sight they forgot sorrow and    
misery4 ,from all quarters flocked      
hundreds of thousands1 and as they      
beheld the ,master they chanted         
,krishna's name and no other term4 ,all 

became worshippers of ,krishna1 to the  
marvel of mankind4 ,the ,brahmans       
resident at ,shri ,ranga invited ,him on
 successive days2 but when the four     
months were over there were some        
,brahmans left who had had no           
opportunity to entertain ,him4  ,in that
 holy place dwelt a ,brahman devoted to 
,vishnu1 who recited the ,gita in the   
temple4 ,in the fervour of delight he   
read the #ah cantos1 making mistakes1 at
 which some scoffed1 some laughed1 some 
chid him1 but he heeded them not and    
went on with his readings in a rapt     
mood4 ,the ,master delighted as ,he     
beheld the reader's tears of delight1   
tremour1 and perspiration at his task1  
and asked him1 ,hark you1 ,sir6 what    
deep meaning inspires you with such     
rapture8 ,the ,brahman replied1 ,i am an
 ignorant man1 not knowing the meanings 
of words4 ,the ,gita ,i read at my      
guru's bidding1 correctly or incorrectly
 as it may be4 ,my heart is rapt when ,i
 behold before my mind's eye the dark   

beauty of ,krishna as he sits as driver 
in ,arjun's chariot giving moral        
lessons4 ,i can never bring myself to   
give up reading the ,gita1 because ,i   
ever behold ,,him so long as ,i read the
 book4 ,to him the ,master spoke thus1  
,thou alone art truly worthy to read the
 ,gita1 as thou knowest the essence of  
its meaning4 ,so saying ,he embraced the
 ,brahman1 who1 however1 clasped ,his   
feet and prayed1 ,the sight of you gives
 me double the joy4 ,verily ,i think you
 are that ,krishna4 ,he could recognize 
the true nature of the ,master1 as the  
love of ,krishna had purged his mind of 
its grossness4 ,but the ,master         
cautioned him not to tell it to any one 
else4 ,the ,brahman became a devout     
admirer of the ,master and never parted 
from ,him in those four months1 which   
,he spent at the ,bhatta's house in     
blissful discourse about ,krishna4 ,the 
,bhatta's household gods were ,lakshmi  
and ,narayan4 ,the ,master1 pleased with
 his devotion1 ever treated the ,bhatta 

like a friend1 constantly joking with   
him1 as is the manner of friendship4    
,one day ,he asked1 ,bhatta6 your       
,lakshmi is the type of devoted and     
chaste wives4 ,my god is ,krishna1 a    
cow-herd4 ,how could such a chaste lady 
seek this other man's society8 ,why did 
she for this object discard pleasure and
 perform endless austerities8 ,witness  
the following verse of the ,bhagabat1   
,x4 xvi4 #cb3  ,lord6 ,out of a longing 
to be worthy to touch the dust of ,thy  
feet1 ,lakshmi1 though a weak woman1    
abstained from enjoyment and went       
through long penances1 etc4  ,the       
,bhatta answered1 ,krishna and ,narayan 
are essentially one2 only ,krishna      
showed more of sportiveness and charm4  
,hence ,lakshmi's chastity was not      
marred when she1 for the sake of        
delight1 sought ,krishna's company      
,quotation from the                     
,bhakti-rasdmrita-sindhu4 ,playful      
,lakshmi desired ,krishna for the sake  
of the greater gain and rasa delight    

afforded by ,his society4 ,what harm is 
there in it8 ,why are you joking8 ,the  
,master rejoined1 ,i know there is      
nothing to blame in it4 ,the ,shastra   
asserts that ,lakshmi never enjoyed the 
rasa dance with ,krishna ,vide          
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xlvii4 #ec4 ,but the     
,shrutis attained to ,krishna's society 
by their austerities4 ,ibid1 ,x4        
lxxxvii4 #ai4 ,what was the reason of   
this difference8 ,my mind fails to      
explain the reason1 as ,i am a petty    
creature with a weak understanding1     
while ,god's acts are infinite like the 
deep ocean4 ,you are ,krishna's self and
 know your own2 exploits4 ,their inner  
meaning is known only to those on whom  
you have bestowed such knowledge4 ,the  
,master said1 ,such is the natural      
characteristic of ,krishna that by ,his 
sweetness ,he wins all hearts4 ,the men 
of ,brindaban knew ,him not as ,god1    
because ,he came to them as one of      
themselves4 ,one tied ,him to the wooden
 pestle udukhal1 fancying ,him to be her

 son4 ,some mounted on ,his back1 taking
 ,him to be a play-fellow4 ,the people  
of ,brindaban knew ,him as the son of   
,braja's chief1 and not as the ,godhead4
 ,he who adores ,krishna in the manner  
of the people of ,brindaban1 can alone  
attain to ,him there4 ,vide ,bhagabat1  
,x4 ix4 #af4 ,the ,shrutis imitated the 
milk-maids ,gopis and by taking the form
 of the ,gopis they obtained the ,son of
 the ,queen of ,mathura4 ,they were     
incarnated in the bodies of the ,gopis  
of ,braja1 and so disported with        
,krishna in the rasa play4 ,krishna was 
of the milkman caste2 the ,gopis were   
his dear ones2 so ,krishna refused      
goddesses and other women4 ,lakshmi     
wanted to unite with ,krishna in ,his   
form of a milkman1 and yet she did not  
seek ,him by assuming the shape of a    
,gopi4 ,but in no other form than that  
of a ,gopi can the rasa pleasure be     
consummated1 as ,vyas has said in his   
verses1 viz41 ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xlvii4 #ec4
  ,before this the ,bhatta used to think

 in his pride1 ,narayan is ,god         
,himself1 and the worship of ,him is the
 highest stage4 ,and therefore the      
worship offered by the ,shri-,vaishnavs 
is the highest form of adoration4 ,but  
the ,master1 to dash his folly down1    
opened all this controversy by means of 
a jest4 ,he addressed him thus1 ,bhatta1
 doubt not1 know of a verity that       
,krishna is ,god ,himself4 ,narayan is  
only the manifestation of the power     
7vilas7 of ,krishna1 therefore could    
,krishna steal the hearts of ,lakshmi   
and others4 7,vide ,bhagabat ,i4 iii    
#bh74 ,krishna surpassed ,narayan in    
power4 ,hence did ,lakshmi ever long for
 ,krishna4 ,the verse you have read     
proves that ,krishna is ,god incarnate4 
7,vide ,bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu1 pt4 ,i4
 ii4 #cb74 ,krishna stole the heart of  
,lakshmi but ,narayan could not         
7conversely7 win the love of the ,gopis4
 ,what to speak of ,narayan8 ,even      
,krishna him self1 when ,he assumed the 
form of the four-armed ,narayan to amuse

 the ,gopis1 failed to win their love in
 that shape6 7,vide ,lalita-,madhav1 vi4
 #ac74 ,thus did the ,master humble his 
pride1 but then ,he gave a new turn to  
the conclusion to soothe the ,bhatta's  
feelings1 saying1 ,grieve not1 ,bhatta1 
,i have only jested4 ,listen to the     
teaching of the ,shastra in which       
,vaishnavs believe3 ,just as ,narayan   
and ,krishna are one essence1 so are    
,lakshmi and the ,gopis identical and   
not diverse4 ,lakshmi in the garb of the
 ,gopis tasted ,krishna's company4 ,in  
theology it is a sin to recognize a     
plurality of gods4 ,the devotee         
meditates on one and the same ,god      
diversely according to his fancy2 he    
gives different images to the same      
deity4  ,the ,bhatta spoke1 ,i am a     
miserable creature1 while thou art that 
,krishna1 the ,incarnate ,god4 ,i know  
nothing of the unfathomable ways of     
,god1 but ,i hold as truth whatever you 
tell me4 ,fully have ,i been blessed by 
,lakshmi-,narayan1 as ,his grace has    

enabled me to see thy feet4 ,thou hast  
graciously spoken to me of the glory of 
,krishna1 whose beauty1 qualities and   
powers are beyond human calculation4    
,now have ,i learnt that devotion to    
,krishna passes all else4 ,you have     
blest me by unfolding this truth4 ,so   
saying the ,bhatta clasped the ,master's
 feet1 who graciously hugged him to ,his
 bosom4  ,the four months came to an    
end4 ,the ,master took leave of the     
,bhatta and from ,shri-rangam set out   
for the ,south4 ,the ,bhatta wanted to  
leave his home and follow ,him1 but with
 great effort the ,master turned him    
back4 ,when ,he left1 the ,bhatta       
fainted away 7in grief74 ,thus did      
,shachi's ,son disport ,himself4  ,to   
the ,rishava peak ,he went and there    
prayed to the deity ,narayan1 and       
visited ,paramananda ,puri1 who was     
spending his four months there4 ,the    
,master bowed at the feet of the ,puri1 
who embraced ,him4 ,for three days they 
lived together in that ,brahman's house1

 lovingly talking on ,krishna's         
delightful lore4 ,the ,puri said1 ,i am 
going to ,jagannath1 whence ,i shall    
proceed to ,bengal to bathe in the      
,ganges4 ,the ,master answered1 ,go to  
the ,nilachal1 where ,i shall shortly   
join you on my return from ,setubandha4 
,i long to keep company with you4 ,do   
kindly visit the ,nilachal4 ,so ,he     
parted from the ,puri and joyfully      
proceeded further south4 ,the ,puri went
 to the ,nilachal1 while the ,master    
visited ,shri-,shaila1 where lived a    
,brahman named ,shiva-,durga4 ,rejoicing
 to see the ,master1 he feasted ,him for
 three days1 and the two dis coursed of 
mysteries in secret4 ,after friendly    
association with him1 the ,master left  
him and went to the city of ,kamakoshti1
 and thence to the ,southern ,mathura   
,madura1 where ,he was invited by a     
,brahman1 noble-minded1 detached from   
the world1 and a worshipper of ,ram4    
,after bathing in the ,kritamala1 the   
,master went to his house2 but as the   

,brahman never cooked1 he could place no
 food before the guest4 ,the ,master    
asked1 ,hark you1 ,sir1 it is noon and  
yet you are not cooking8 ,why is it8    
,the ,brahman replied1 ,master1 ,i live 
in the forest1 where at present nothing 
can be had for cooking4 ,but ,lakshman  
will bring some wild herbs1 fruits1 and 
roots1 and then will ,sita cook them4   
,the ,master was pleased with the       
,brahman's devotion4 ,the host now      
hurriedly began cooking and the ,master 
was fed in the third quarter of the day4
 ,but the ,brahman himself fasted1 at   
which the ,master asked1 ,why do you    
fast8 ,what grieves you8 ,why mourn you8
 ,the ,brahman replied1 ,i have no need 
to live2 ,i shall destroy myself by     
jumping into fire or water4 ,the divine 
,sita1 the mother of the world and the  
emblem of ,supreme ,goodness1 was       
7rudely7 touched by a demon1 as ,i hear4
 ,so ,i ought not to live4 ,this sorrow 
consumes me1 though my spirit does not  
leave the body4 ,to him the ,master     

thus3 ,think not so any longer4 ,you are
 learned and yet you do not judge the   
matter in your mind6 ,sita1 the beloved 
of ,god1 is the embodiment of           
spirituality and bliss 7chit ananda74   
,physical senses cannot see her1 not to 
speak of touching her4 ,ravan abducted  
only an illusive image of ,sita1 while  
the true ,sita had disappeared4#a ,the  
,vedas and the ,purans constantly teach 
this truth that the ,material cannot    
take cognisance of what is              
non-,material4 ,believe my words1 and   
never harbour such sad thoughts again4  
,reassured by the ,master's words the   
,brahman dined and took delight in life4
  ,after bathing in the ,kritamala1 the 
,master went to ,durbesan1 where he saw 
the image of ,raghunath4 ,thence to     
,mahendra hill1 where ,he adored        
,parashu ,ram4 ,at ,setubandha ,he      
bathed in the ,dhanu-tirtha 7,bow       
shrine74 ,visiting ,rameshwar1 ,he      
rested there4 ,an assembly of ,brahmans 
was listening to the reading of the     

,kurma ,puran1 in the course of which   
the episode of chaste women was reached4
 ,the narrative declared that ,ravan    
stole only a false phantom of ,sita4 ,at
 the sight of ,ravan the true ,sita     
sought refuge with ,fire1 who lodged her
 with ,parvati1 while he deluded ,ravan 
by giving up to him a false image of    
,sita4 ,after ,ram had slain ,ravan1 and
 ,sita submitted to the ordeal of fire1 
the false ,sita vanished1 while the real
 ,sita was delivered to ,ram by ,fire4  
,the ,master was delighted to hear this 
theory4 ,so ,he borrowed from the       
,brahman the leaf 7containing the       
passage71 and made a copy for being     
placed in the book1 while ,he took the  
old leaf for creating conviction and    
returned to the ,southern ,mathura1     
where ,he gave the leaf to the ,brahman 
,ramdas4  ,at this the ,brahman was     
overjoyed and clasped the ,master's feet
 weeping and saying1 ,thou art ,ram     
incarnate1 visiting me in the disguise  
of a sannyasi1 and raising me from deep 

sorrow4 ,do consent to dine at my house 
to-day1 because on that day ,i was too  
melancholy to entertain thee worthily4  
,it is my good fortune that thou hast   
come again6  ,so saying the ,brahman    
cooked deliciously and feasted the      
,master nicely4 ,after passing the night
 under his roof1 the ,master went to the
 ,tamraparni in the ,pandya land1 where 
,he bathed in the river and wandered on 
the bank gazing at the ,nine ,tirupadis 
in wonder4  ,thence ,he visited         
,chiyartala 7the shrine of ,ram         
,lakshman71 ,til ,kanchi 7the shrine of 
,shiva71 ,gajendra-,mokshan 7where there
 was an image of ,vishnu71 ,pana-garhi  
7shrine of ,ram71 ,chamtapur 7,ram      
,lakshman71 ,shri ,vaikuntha 7,vishnu71 
the ,malay ,mountain 7,agastya71 ,kanya 
,kumari ,cape ,comorin1 ,amlitala       
7,ram71 the ,mallar land 7where the     
,bhattamaris dwelt71 and then after     
seeing ,tamal ,kartik1 ,he reached      
,betapani 7,raghunath's shrine71 where  
,he passed the night4  ,the ,master's   

companion1 the ,brahman ,krishna-das1   
met a ,bhattamari1 who tempted the      
simple ,brahman by offering him a woman 
and money4 ,in the morning ,krishna-das 
went away to the ,bhattamari4 ,soon the 
,master came in quest of him and        
addressed the ,bhattamari tribe thus1   
,why have you detained my ,brahman      
7follower78 ,i am1 as you see1 a        
sannyasi2 and so are you too4 ,it is    
unfair of you to put me in trouble4  ,at
 this the ,bhattamaris took up arms and 
flocked round the ,master to thrash     
,him4 ,but the weapons dropped from     
their hands and struck their own limbs1 
so that they fled away on all sides4    
,lamentation rose in their houses4 ,the 
,master dragged ,krishna-das away by the
 hair1 and that day reached the         
,payaswini river1 in which ,he bathed   
and visited the temple of ,adi ,keshav1 
where ,he bowed1 prayed1 danced and sang
 for a long while in rapture1 to the    
amazement of the beholders4 ,all the    
people treated ,him very respectfully   

and ,he joined the assembly of the very 
devout there4 ,here ,he got a manuscript
 of the book ,brahma-samhitadhyaya to   
,his boundless delight1 tremour1        
weeping1 thrill1 perspiration1 stupor1  
and frenzy 7of joy71 because the ,brahma
 ,samhita is unrivalled among works of  
exegetics 7siddhanta shastra7 and it is 
the chief instrument for teaching the   
glory of ,govinda1 as it expresses vast 
dogmas in a few words4 ,it is the very  
cream of ,vaishnav sacred writings4     
,very carefully did ,he get the book    
copied4 ,thence ,he went to ,ananta     
,padmanav1 where ,he spent two days1 to 
,shri ,janardan1 where also ,he hymned  
and danced for some two days1 to        
,payoshni1 where ,shankar ,narayan is   
worshipped1 to the monastery of         
,shringeri1 the seat of ,sankaracharya1 
to ,matsya-tirtha 7,fish shrine71 to the
 river ,tungabhadra1 and to ,upidi1 the 
seat of ,madhwacharya1 the spokesman of 
spiritual truth4 ,here ,he gazed        
devotedly on the ,udupa-,krishna4 ,the  

image of ,krishna in the form of the    
dancing young cowherd 7,gopal7 was very 
charming4 ,madhwacharya was moved by a  
dream to rescue this image from a cargo 
of consecrated earth ,gopichandan in a  
sunken ship1 and to install it at       
,udipi1 where it is worshipped to this  
day4  ,the ,master was overjoyed to see 
the image of ,krishna1 and in fervour of
 devotion danced and sang 7before it7   
for many a day4 ,the tattwavadis1 taking
 the ,master for a mayavadi1 at first   
slighted ,him1 but afterwards they      
marvelled at ,his religious ecstasy1 and
 venerated ,him greatly as a 7true7     
,vaishnav4 ,aware of their pride in     
,vaishnavism1 the ,master began a       
discourse with them4 ,the high priest of
 the tattwavadis was an expert in all   
the holy books4 ,the ,master1 assuming  
the tone of a humble inquirer1 put      
questions to him3 ,i do not clearly     
comprehend sadhya 7end7 and sadhan      
7means74 ,do please enlighten me on the 
subject4 ,the high priest replied1 ,to  

the worshipper of ,krishna the highest  
sadhan is to resign to ,krishna the     
religious system centring round caste   
and ashram4 ,translation to ,vishnu's   
heaven1 after attaining to the fivefold 
salvation1 is the supreme sadhya4 ,thus 
speak the ,shastras4 ,the ,master       
objected1 ,the ,shastras assert that the
 supreme sadhan of the love and service 
of ,krishna is listening to and singing 
,his praise4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,vii4 v4 
#ah4  ,from listening to and singing    
hymns1 one comes to love ,krishna4 ,that
 is the fifth human end1 the limit of   
human attainment4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4
 ii4 #ch4 ,all kinds of scripture       
condemn 7devotion to7 work and teach us 
to abstain from the fruit of our works4 
,therefore from work cannot spring love 
and devotion to ,krishna4 ,vide         
,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xi4 #cb2 also ,gita1   
xviii4 #ff2 ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xx4 #i4    
,truly devoted men renounce the fivefold
 salvation2 in their eyes salvation is  
worthless1 no better than hell6 ,vide   

,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 xxix4 #aa2 ,v4 xiv4   
#dc2 ,,vi4 xvii4 #bc4  ,the devout      
abjure salvation and work alike4 ,and   
you establish these two things as the   
end and means6 ,ah6 you are only        
befooling me as ,i am a mere sannyasi4  
,you have not told me of the true       
characteristics of end and means4  ,at  
this the high priest of the tattwa      
,school was inly ashamed1 while he      
marvelled at the ,vaishnav spirit of the
 ,master4 ,so he replied1 ,your         
exposition is the true one4 ,all        
,shastras declare this to be the        
,vaishnav dogma4 ,yet our order holds   
the views laid down by ,madhwacharya4   
,the ,master rejoined1 ,the votary of   
work and the votary of knowledge are    
alike lacking in faith4 ,in your order  
,i see signs of these two4 ,i see only  
one merit in your order3 you have fixed1
 upon the true ,god4  ,after thus       
humbling the pride of that sect the     
,master went to the ,falgu shrine1 then 
to ,tritakup 7the shrine of ,vishala71  

,panchapsara1 ,gokarna 7where ,shiva is 
worshipped71 ,dwaipayani1 ,suparak1     
,kolhapur 7where ,he beheld ,lakshmi and
 ,kshir ,bhagavati71 ,nanga-,ganesh1    
,chor ,parvati1 and ,pandupur           
,pandharpur4 ,here before ,vitha's image
 ,he sang and danced long4  ,a ,brahman 
of the place invited and reverently fed 
the ,master4 ,learning the good news    
that ,shri ,ranga ,puri1 a disciple of  
,madhav ,puri1 was residing in another  
,brahman's house in that village the    
,master went to see him4 ,as ,he        
prostrated ,himself before the ,puri in 
devotion1 ,he wept1 trembled and was    
thrilled and covered all over with      
sweat4 ,shri ,ranga ,puri wondered at   
the sight and cried out1 ,rise1 blessed 
one4 ,surely you are connected with my  
guru1 or you could not have displayed   
such fervour of devotion4 ,so1 he raised
 and embraced the ,master1 and the two  
wept clasping each other's neck4 ,after 
a spell of rapture1 the two came round1 
and the ,master said how ,he was related

 to ,ishwar ,puri4 7,at this7 their love
 welled out wondrously and each honoured
 the other4 ,day and night they held    
forth on ,krishna for a week or so4     
,the ,puri asked about ,his birth-place4
 ,the ,master replied ,navadwip4 ,shri  
,ranga ,puri had once visited that town 
in the train of ,madhav ,puri4 ,he spoke
 how he had been feasted in the house of
 ,jagannath ,mishra1 how delicious the  
hash of green banana-flower 7mocha7 had 
tasted1 what a chaste woman and tender  
to the world like a mother was          
,jagannath's wife1 how she was matchless
 in the universe for her skill in       
cookery1 and how she had feasted the    
sannyasis as lovingly as if they were   
her own sons1 how one of her sons had   
turned monk in youth with the title of  
,shankararanya and had attained to death
 in that very place 7viz41 ,pandupur74  
,the ,master broke in1 ,in his earthly  
life ,shankar was my brother4 ,jagannath
 ,mishra was my father4 ,so they had a  
friendly assembly1 and then ,shri ,ranga

 ,puri set out to visit ,dwaraka4 ,the  
,master was detained for some four days 
by ,his ,brahman host4 ,he bathed in the
 ,bhimarathi and visited the shrine of  
,vithal4 ,then ,he walked by the bank of
 the ,krishna-binna1 visiting the       
temples at the many holy places there4  
,the ,brahmans of the country were      
,vaishnavs and studied the              
,krishna-karnamrita1 of which book the  
,master joyfully made a copy4 ,the world
 has nothing like the ,karnamrita1 which
 kindles pure devotion to ,krishna4 ,he 
only knows the fulness of the beauty and
 sweetness of ,krishna's exploits1 who  
ceaselessly reads the ,karnamrita4 ,he  
carried with ,himself the manuscripts of
 the ,brahma ,samhita and the           
,karnamrita like two precious jewels4   
,after bathing in the ,tapti1 ,he went  
to the city of ,maheshwati1 and then    
visiting many holy places on the way1   
reached the bank of the ,narmada4 ,after
 visiting the ,shrine of the ,bow       
7,dhanu-tirtha71 ,he bathed in the      

,nirbindhya1 and then passed on to the  
,rishyamukha mountain and the ,dandaka  
forest1 where ,he beheld a saptatal     
tree1 very old stout and high4 ,as the  
,master embraced the saptatal1 the tree 
disappeared bodily1 at which the people 
marvelled and cried out1 ,this sannyasi 
is an incarnation of ,ram1 for lo6 the  
tal tree has flown up to ,vishnu's      
heaven4 ,who but ,ram can work such a   
miracle8  ,then the ,master bathed in   
the lake of ,pampa1 and rested in the   
,panchavati wood4 ,from ,nasik and      
,trimbak ,he passed on to ,brahma-giri1 
to ,kushavarta 7the source of the       
,godavari71 the seven 7branches of the7 
,godavari1 and many other shrines1 and  
finally returned to ,vidya-nagar4  ,on  
hearing of ,his arrival1 ,ramananda ,ray
 joyfully hastened to ,him and          
prostrated himself2 but the ,master     
raised him and clasped him to ,his      
bosom4 ,both wept in delight and their  
minds were unstrung by rapture4 ,after  
recovering composure they talked of many

 things together4 ,the ,master gave a   
narrative of ,his pilgrimage1 and showed
 him the ,karnamrita and the ,brahma    
,samhita1 saying ,these two books bear  
out the theories of devotion 7prem7     
which you had expounded to me4 ,the ,ray
 in delight tasted the books in the     
,master's company and took copies of    
them4  ,the whole village was agitated  
by the news of the sannyasi's return and
 all men flocked to see ,him4 ,at this  
,ramananda went back to his own house4  
,at noon the ,master rose for ,his meal4
 ,ramananda returned at night and the   
two kept a vigil discoursing of         
,krishna4 ,thus five or six days were   
spent blissfully1 the two holding forth 
on ,krishna day and night4 ,ramananda   
said1 ,with thy leave1 ,master1 ,i      
petitioned my king1 and he has permitted
 me to visit the ,nilachal4 ,i have     
already begun my preparations for       
departure4 ,the ,master replied1 ,i have
 come here only to take you to the      
,nilachal4 ,but the ,ray objected1      

,master1 go you in advance4 ,a noisy    
throng of elephants1 horses and soldiers
 surrounds me4 ,let me first dispose of 
them1 and then after ten days ,i shall  
follow you4 ,the ,master consented and  
returned to the ,nilachal by the route  
,he had previously followed1 the people 
every where chanting ,hari's name as    
they saw ,him4 ,he rejoiced at it4 ,from
 ,alalnath he sent ,krishna-das in      
advance to call ,nityananda and others  
of ,his own folk4 ,at the news1         
,nityananda went to meet the ,master1   
his devotion knowing no bounds4         
,jagadananda1 ,damodar1 ,gopinatli      
,acharya and ,mukunda ,pandit went along
 dancing1 unable to contain their       
delight4 ,they all met the ,master on   
the way1 and ,he lovingly embraced them1
 all weeping in delight4 ,sarvabhauma   
,bhattacharya joined the ,master on the 
beach of the ocean and fell at ,his     
feet2 but the ,master raised him up and 
held him to the bosom1 ,sarvabhauma     
weeping in rapture4 ,the whole party    

went to visit ,jagannath's shrine1 where
 the ,master had a transport of         
devotion1 trembling1 perspiring1 weeping
 in delight1 dancing and singing again  
and again4 ,the servitors of the temple 
offered ,him the dedicated garlands and 
food of the god1 at which the ,master   
regained composure4 ,the attendants of  
,jagannath joyfully flocked together4   
,kashi ,mishra 7the high priest7 fell at
 ,his feet1 but the ,master did him     
honour and embraced him4 ,the ,parichha 
of ,jagannath1 too1 did ,him obeisance4 
,sarvabhauma took the ,master to dinner 
at his own house1 and fed ,him and ,his 
party at noon on sumptuous dishes from  
the temple4 ,thereafter he made the     
,master lie down and rubbed ,his feet2  
but the ,master bade him go and dine2   
and ,he passed the night also in        
,sarvabhauma's house to please him1     
narrating the story of ,his pilgrimage  
all night to ,his followers and host1   
and saying1 ,in all the holy places ,i  
have visited ,i did not meet with a     

single ,vaishnav who can equal you4     
,only ,ramananda ,ray gave me intense   
delight4 ,the ,bhatta replied1 ,it was  
just for that reason that ,i had asked  
you to see him4 ,text1 canto #i4  #a    
,this is exactly like the version of the
 legend of the abduction of ,helen given
 by ,stesichorus and accepted by        
,euripides in his ,helena4   ,,notes    
,,on ,,the ,,places ,,visited ,,by      
,,chaitanya ,,in ,,the ,,south  ,in this
 connection we should bear in mind that 
no record of ,chaitanya's pilgrimage was
 kept at the time it was made4 ,his     
disciples heard of it1 evidently        
piece-meal1 from his lips long          
after-wards4 ,a diary constructed on    
this basis by ,govinda-das has been     
lost4 ,our author1 ,krishna-das         
,kaviraj1 frankly admits 7at the        
beginning of canto ix7 that he has not  
been able to name the holy places1 of   
the ,south in the order in which they   
were visited by the ,master4 ,we should 
also note that this pilgrimage was      

performed between ,april #aeaj and      
,january #aeab and that the great and   
widespread revival of temple building   
which resulted from the restoration of  
the ,vijaynagar empire under ,krishna   
,dev just began at the time of          
,chaitanya's visit1 but was completed   
long afterwards4 ,hence many of the     
famous shrines of the ,south dating from
 the early #afth century were not seen  
by him1 as they were completed after his
 visit4  ,ahobal4--,ahobilam1 in the    
,sirvel taluq of the ,karnul district4  
,the most sacred ,vishnu temple in the  
district1 it is dedicated to ,narasimha4
 ,together with other temples in the    
neighbourhood1 it forms a group known as
 the ,nava 7nine7 ,narasimha1 represent 
ing nine different forms of ,vishnu4    
,the original temple is supported by #fd
 pillars1 each of which is beautifully  
carved into several miniature pillars4  
,in front is a fine unfinished mantapam 
with large pillars of white sand-stone1 
about #c feet in diameter1 elaborately  

sculptured4 7,kurnool ,manual1 #ahc-ahd1
 #ade74  ,ananta ,padmanava4--,the      
famous ,padmanava temple in ,trivandrum4
  ,betapani4--,bhutapandi in            
,travancore1 in the ,tobala taluq1 n4 of
 ,nagarcoil1 with temple of ,bhutanath4 
,r4 ,m4 ,ghose4  ,brahma-giri4--,there  
is a ,brahmagiri near ,sopara 7,bom4    
,gaz4 xiv4 #cae72 but that is not the   
place meant in our text4 ,the reference 
is to the ,brahma mountain1 in the ridge
 joining which to the ,trimbak mountain 
the ,kikvi1 a larger and more distant   
branch of the ,godavari 7than the one   
issuing at ,trimbak7 takes its rise4    
7,bombay ,gaz4 rvi4 #g74                
,chamtapur4--,chenganur in ,travancore  
,state4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4                     
,chiyar-tala4--,shertala near           
,nagarcoil1 according to ,r4 ,m4 ,ghose4
  ,courtallam1 #g m4 s4 w4 of ,tenkashi 
in the ,tinnevelly district1 #dej ft4   
above sea-level4 ,the falls of the      
,chittar 7a river which joins the       
,tamraparni #ae m4 n4 ,j e4 of          

,tinnevelly7 at this place are famous   
among the ,hindus for their virtue of   
cleansing from sin4 ,tinn4 ,man4 #if4   
,dhanu-tirtha4--,dhanus-kodi1 terminus  
of the ,s4 ,i4 ,railway1 #ab m4         
south-east of ,rameshwaram4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4 
,durbesan4--,darvashayan1 on the        
sea-coast seven miles east of ,ramnad4  
,r4 ,m4 ,g4                             
,gajendra-mokshan4--,probably           
,devendra-mokshan or ,suchindram1 #b m4 
s4 of ,nagarcoil4 ,here ,indra was      
cleansed of his sin and built a temple  
to ,sthanu-linga ,shiva4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4    
,ganga ,gotami4--,the ,godavari river4  
,at ,kobur1 opposite ,rajmahendri1 was  
the hermitage of the sage ,gautama1 from
 whom this river is named4              
,gokarna4--,on the west coast1 about #bj
 miles s4 e4 of ,karwar1 famous for its 
temple of ,mahabaleshwar and a very     
popular place of pilgrimage4 7,bombay   
,gazetteer1 ,kanara1 xv4 pt4 #b1 pp4    
#bhi-cja74  ,kolhapur4--,out of about   
#bej temples in this city at present six

 are well-known1 namely1 the temples of 
,ambabai or ,mahalakshmi1 ,vithoba1     
,temblai1 ,mahakali1 ,phirangai or      
,pratyangiras1 and ,yallamma4 7,bombay  
,gaz4 xxiv4 #cji-caa74                  
,kumbha-kama4--,kumbakonam in the       
,tanjore district1 #bj miles north-east 
of ,tanjore town4 ,it contains #ab      
principal ,shaiva and #d ,vaishnav      
temples and one dedicated to ,brahma4   
7,tanjore ,gaz4 #bag-bai74  ,madura--on 
the river ,vaigai1 the minor basin of   
which is called ,kritima-nadi 7the      
,krita-mala of our text74 ,its temples  
are described in the ,madura ,gazetteer1
 #bfg-bgd4  ,mahendra hill4--,there is a
 peak of this name in the ,travancore   
,state1 but too far from ,cape ,comorin4
  ,malay mountain 7,agastya74--7i7      
,there is a temple to the sage ,agastya 
in the village ,agastyampalli1 close to 
,vedaranniyam1 near ,point ,calimere in 
the ,tanjore district2 but it cannot be 
the place meant1 7ii7 ,palni in the     
,madura district contains a famous      

temple to ,subrahmanya on the top of a  
hill 7,shivagiri7 created by ,agastya4  
,but there is no temple to ,agastya     
here4 7,madura ,gaz4 #cjd-cjf74 7iii7   
,r4,m4 ,ghose is inclined to identify it
 with ,pothia hill 7near ,cape          
,comorin71 the reputed abode of ,agastya
 7,k4 ,pillai's ,tamils #a1hjj ,years   
,ago1 #ba47 7iv7 ,the ,tamraparni rises 
on either side of a fine conical peak   
known as ,agastiar-malai or ,agastya's  
hill4 7,tinn4 ,man4 #ia74  ,mallar      
land4--,malabar4                        
,mallikarjun4--,shri-,shailam1 on the   
south bank of the ,krishna1 #gj miles   
below ,karnul4 ,in the centre of the    
enclosure is the temple of ,mallikarjun 
,shiva1 the chief deity worshipped here1
 and considered as one of the           
jyotir-lingas4 7,kurnool ,manual1       
#aha-ahc1 #add74 ,there is another and  
much less famous temple to ,mallikarjun 
at ,bezvada on the ,krishna river4      
,matsya-tirtha4--,either 7#a7 ,mahe1 the
 ,french possession on the coast of the 

,malabar district4 ,or 7#b7             
,matsya-gundam1 a curious pool on the   
,macheru river1 near the village of     
,matam1 six miles north north-west of   
,pacleru 7in the ,padwa taluq of the    
,vizaga-patam district74 ,a barrier of  
rocks runs right across the river there1
 and the stream plunges into a great    
hole and vanishes beneath this1         
reappearing again about a hundred yards 
lower down4 ,just where it emerges from 
under the barrier it forms a pool which 
is crowded with mahseer of all sizes4   
7,vizagapatam ,gaz4 #bhe74  ,nine       
,tripadi4--,alwar ,tiru-nagari1 #ag m4  
s4 e4 of ,tinnevelly4 ,around it are #i 
temples to ,vishnu 7,tirupati71 the     
idols of which are assembled in this    
town on holy days4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4          
,paksha-tirtha4--,pakshi-tirtham or     
,tiru-kadi-kundram1 #i miles south east 
of ,chingleput4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4 ,the hill of
 the sacred kites4 ,it is a ridge       
terminating in a spiked hill1 some #ejj 
feet above sea-level1 on which stands a 

,shiva temple4 ,the name of the hill is 
,vedagiri or ,vedachalam1 and the idol  
is called ,veda-girishwar4 ,every day   
two birds of the kite species come to   
the mountain and are fed by an attendant
 ,brahman4 ,the same two are believed to
 have come from ,benares to receive this
 daily dole from time immemorial4       
7,chingleput ,man4 #ajf-ajg74           
,pampa4--,the ancient and ,puranic name 
of the ,tungabhadra4 ,the village of    
,hampi 7the site of the famous capital  
,vijaynagar7 was originally known as    
,pampa-tirtha4 ,this name 7also         
,pampa-saras7 is now borne by a tank on 
the ,haidarabad side of the ,tungabhadra
 near ,anegundi4 7,bellary ,gazetteer1  
#f1 #bfa74  ,pana4--,panakal ,narasimha 
at ,mangal-giri1 #g m4 south of         
,bezvada4 ,but it is too far to the     
north4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4 ,when visitors offer 
a draught to ,narasimha-swami1 the image
 in the temple refuses to drink more    
than half of it4 7,kistna ,dist4 ,man4  
#agi74  ,pana-garhi4--,panagodi1 #cj m4 

s4 s4 w4 of ,tinnevelly on the road to  
,trivandrum4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4 ,but the temple
 there is to ,ramlinga-swami ,shiva and 
not to ,ram4  ,panchavati4--,identified 
with ,nasik in the ,bombay presidency4  
,nasik and ,trimbak 7at the source of   
the ,godavari7 are described in ,bombay 
,gazetteer1 xvi4                        
,pandupur4--,pandharpur1 on the ,bhima  
river1 #ch miles due west of ,sholapur2 
famous for its temple to ,vithoba4      
7,bombay ,gaz4 xx4 #dae-dha74           
,papa-nashan4--,eight miles s4 w4 of    
,kumbakonam 7,tanjore ,gaz4 #bba74      
,there is another city of this name #bi 
miles west of ,palamkota1 7in the       
,tinnevelly district74 ,here near a     
pagoda the ,tamraparni river takes its  
last fall from the hills to the level   
country4 7,tinn4 ,man4 #ia74            
,payaswini4--,tiru-vattar in the        
,travancore ,state4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4         
,pitambar4--,evidently ,chidambaram1 #bf
 miles south of ,cuddalore4 ,famous for 
its great pagoda1 covering #ci acres in 

the centre of the town1 and sourrounded 
on all four sides by a street #fj feet  
wide4 ,it contains the ,akasa-linga4    
7,s4 ,arcot ,manual1 #djj-djg74         
,rishava peak--,anagarh-malai1 #ab miles
 north of ,madura4 ,r4 ,m4 ,g4          
,rishyamukh4--,identified with the hill 
on the ,nizam's side of the narrowest of
 the gorges in the ,tungabhadra near    
,hampi4 7,bellary ,gaz4 #bfa74  ,shiva  
image4--,either ,vedagiris at           
,pakshi-tirtham or the lingam in the    
shore temple at ,mahavalipuram 7,seven  
,pagodas74  ,shiva ,kanchi4--,the modern
 ,conjeveram1 also called the ,southern 
,benares1 #ef miles south-west of       
,madras4 ,the ,shiva temple is dedicated
 to ,ekambara-swami4 ,south-east of it  
stands ,vishnu ,kanchi or ,little       
,conjeveram1 with its temple to ,vishnu 
under the name of ,varada-raj4          
,shiva-kshetra4--,there is a            
,shiva-ganga tank at ,tanjore4 ,the     
great ,brihatishwar temple of this town 
seems to be meant in our text4 7,tanjore

 ,gaz4 #bfi-bga74  ,shiyali4--,the      
head-quarters of a taluq of that name in
 the ,tanjore district1 about #dh miles 
n4 e4 of ,tanjore town4 ,it has a famous
 ,shiva temple with a large tank1 a     
shrine dedicated to the ,tamil saint    
,tiru-jnan ,sambandhar1 and some other  
separate shrines1 and evidently an image
 of ,shiva's consort who is said to have
 given suck to this saint when he       
visited this temple as a child4         
7,tanjore ,gaz4 #beh74  ,shri           
,janardan4--,near the ,varkala railway  
station1 #bf miles north of ,trivandrum4
  ,shringeri4--,in the ,kadur district  
of ,mysore4 ,situated #ac #be ,n4 #ge   
#ai ,e41 on the left bank of the ,tunga1
 #g miles s4 of ,hariharpur4 ,its full  
name is ,rishya-shringa-giri4 ,it is the
 head-quarters of the ,jagat-guru or    
successor of ,shankaracharya in the     
headship of the ,smartas4 7,rice1       
,mysore ,gazetteer1 ii4 #ddc-dde74      
,shri-rangam4--,the famous ,vishnu      
temple in an island between the ,kolerun

 and the ,kaveri1 north of              
,trichinopoly4 7,trichinopoly ,manual1  
#ccg-cdj and ,gazetteer1 #de-ea1        
#ia-abf1 #cai74  ,shri-,shaila4--,the   
most famous place of this name is the   
one in the ,karnul district1 described  
above under ,mallikarjun4 ,but that     
place cannot be meant in this context1  
which suggests some hill between        
,trichinopoly and ,madura1 sacred to    
,shri or ,lakshmi4                      
,shri-,vaikuntha4--,shri ,vaikuntham1   
four miles n4 of ,alwar ,tirunagari4 ,r4
 ,m4 ,g41 on the left bank of the       
,tamraparni and #af m4 s4 e4 of         
,tinnevelly4  ,siddha-bat4--,sidhout1   
#aj miles east of ,cuddapa town4        
,sometimes known as the ,dakshina ,kashi
 or the ,southern ,benares4 ,the name is
 derived from ,siddha-vatam or the      
hermit's banyan tree4 ,eight miles south
 of it is ,ontimetta 7'the solitary     
hill'7 with a large and very holy pagoda
 and a tank4 ,the pagoda is dedicated to
 ,kodanda-,ram-swami4 7,cuddapah        

,manual1 #dh-di74  ,suparak-,sopara--7in
 the ,thana district71 #bf miles north  
of ,bombay4 ,it was the capital of the  
,konkan from very ancient times to      
#a1cjj ,a4,d4 7,bombay ,gaz4 xiv4       
#cad-cdb74  ,tamal-kartik4--,tobala1 #dd
 m4 s4 of ,tinnevelly1 #b m4 e4 of      
,aramvali pass1 temple of ,subrahmanya4 
,r4 ,m4 ,g4  ,tamraparni4--,a river on  
the left bank of which ,tinnevelly      
stands4  ,til ,kanchi4--,probably       
,tenkashi1 #cj m4 n4 w4 of ,tinnevelly  
town4  ,tirupati4--,a very famous holy  
city in the ,chandra-gin taluq of the   
,n4 ,arcot district4 ,in ,lower         
,tirupati1 which stands in the plain1   
there are #ae templesf the chief of them
 being dedicated to ,govinda-raja-swami 
7the brother of ,venkateshwar7 and      
,ramswami4 ,upper ,tirupati1 usually    
called ,tirumala 7from ,tirumalai1 holy 
hill71 stands on the top of the range1  
six miles north west of ,lower          
,tirupati4 ,its chief divinity is       
,venkateshwar4 7,north ,arcot ,manual1  

#adb-aec74  ,tri-kal-hasti4--,shri      
,kalahasti1 popularly called            
,kalahastri1 on the right bank of the   
,suvarnamukhi river1 #bb miles n4 e4 of 
,tirupati4 ,famous for its shrine of the
 ,vayu-linga ,shiva4 7,n4 ,arcot ,man4  
#bbj-bbb74  ,udipi4--#cf miles north of 
,mangalore 7in the ,south ,kanara       
district71 the principal seat of the    
,madhavacharya priests4 ,the temple of  
,krishna is said to have been founded by
 ,madhavacharya himself1 who set up in  
it an image of ,krishna originally made 
by ,arjun4 ,there are also eight ancient
 maths1 each with a swami4 7,s4 ,canara 
,manual1 ii4 #bfc4 ,for a full          
description1 see ,bombay ,gazetter1     
xxii4 #ef74  ,vedaban4--,vedaranniyam or
 the forest of the ,vedas1 in the south 
east corner of the ,tirutturaippundi    
taluq of the ,tanjore district and five 
miles north of ,point ,calimere4        
,orthodox ,brahmans consider it second  
only to ,rameshwaram in sanctity4       
7,tanjore ,gaz4 #bhd74                  

,vriddha-kal4--,varaha-swami temple1 a  
monolithic pagoda1 n4 w4 of ,arjun's    
,penance and #c_/d m4 s4 of ,valipitham1
 at ,mahavalipuram or ,seven ,pagodas2  
image of ,vishnu with a huge boar's     
head1 overcanopied by the ,shesha ,nag4 
,vriddha-kashi4--,vriddhachalam1 on the 
,manimukta 7an affluent of the ,vellar71
 in the ,s4 ,arcot district4 ,sometimes 
called ,vriddha-kashi4 7,s4 ,arcot      
,manual1 #dch-ddj74 ,it cannot be the   
place meant1 if the order of holy places
 given in our text be correct4          
,,chapter ,,viii  ,the ,reunion of the  
,vaishnavs  ,after the ,master had set  
out for the ,south1 ,king ,pratap ,rudra
 summoned ,sarvabhauma1 seated him after
 due salutation1 and asked him          
concerning the ,master1 saying1 ,i hear 
that a very gracious person has come to 
your house from ,bengal4 ,people say    
that he has shown you much kindness4 ,do
 please help me to see him4 ,the ,bhatta
 replied1 ,true is what you have heard4 
,but you cannot see him2 he is a        

sannyasi withdrawn from the world1      
living in seclusion1 and not visiting   
kings even in dreams4 ,i could1 however1
 have contrived somehow an interview    
between him and you3 but he has recently
 gone to the ,south4 ,the king asked1   
,why did he leave ,jagannath's shrine8  
,the ,bhatta replied1 ,such is one of   
the deeds of saints4 ,they visit holy   
places on the plea of making            
pilgrimages1 but they thereby bring     
salvation to worldly men4 ,vide         
,bhagabat1 ,i4 xiii4 #h4 ,such is the   
unalterable character of a ,vaishnav3 he
 is not a man but rather a particle of  
,god4 ,the ,raja rejoined1 ,why did you 
let him depart8 ,you ought to have      
clasped his feet and importuned him to  
stay here4 ,bhattacharya answered1 ,he  
is a god and a free being4 ,he is       
,krishna's self and not a dependent     
creature4 ,still ,i had tried to detain 
him1 but could not succeed as ,god is   
free4  ,the ,raja said1 ,bhatta6 you are
 the chief of wise men4 ,as you call him

 ,krishna1 ,i must believe it4 ,when he 
comes here again1 may ,i see him once   
and gratify my eyes8 ,the ,bhatta       
replied1 ,he will soon return4 ,we want 
a suitable place for him to lodge in2 it
 must be near the temple and yet        
secluded4 ,choose such a lodging for    
him4 ,the king said1 ,kashi ,mishra's   
house is just that sort of place1 close 
to ,jagannath and yet very retired4 ,the
 king thereafter remained expectant4    
,bhattacharya informed ,kashi ,mishra1  
who said1 ,blessed am ,i that such a    
holy ,master will lodge under my roof4  
,thus did all the people of ,puri live  
in ever-growing expectation of seeing   
the ,master1 when ,he returned from the 
,south4 ,all rejoiced at the news1 and  
they all begged ,sarvabhauma thus1 ,lead
 us to the ,master1 that through thy    
mediation we may reach ,chaitanya's     
feet4 ,bhattacharya replied1 ,to-morrow 
the ,master will go to ,kashi ,mishra's 
house1 where ,i shall introduce you to  
,him4  ,next day the ,master visited    

,jagannath in company with              
,bhattacharya1 in great delight4 ,the   
servitors met ,him with the god's food  
and ,he embraced them all4 ,after the   
visit ,bhattacharya led ,him to ,kashi  
,mishra's house4 ,kashi ,mishra fell at 
,his feet1 and gave up to ,him not his  
house only but his soul also4 ,the      
,master appeared to him in the          
four-armed shape1 and embraced him to   
make him one of ,his own followers4     
,then the ,master took ,his seat there4 
,around ,him sat ,nityananda and other  
devotees1 ,the ,master was pleased with 
the arrangements of the house1 which    
satisfied all ,his needs4 ,then         
,sarvabhauma said1 ,master1 this house  
is worthy of you4 ,accept it1 as ,kashi 
,mishra prays4 ,the ,master replied1 ,my
 body is under your control4 ,what you  
bid me1 ,i must do1 as in duty bound4   
,then ,sarvabhauma1 seating himself at  
the right hand of the ,master1 began to 
introduce one after another all the     
people of ,puri1 saying1 ,all these men 

have been residing in the ,nilachal in  
eager longing to meet you4 ,they have   
fared like the thirsty chatak bird that 
cries in anguish for water4 ,all were   
determined to see you4 ,this one is     
,janardan1 a constant attendant on the  
person of ,jagannath4 ,this other is    
,krishna-das who holds the golden rod in
 the temple4 ,here is ,shikhi ,mahanti1 
the officer in charge of the temple     
secretariate4 ,this1 ,pradyumna ,mishra1
 is foremost among ,vaishnavs1 and he   
waits on ,jagannath during the god's    
sleep4 ,murari ,mahanti1 the brother of 
,shikhi ,mahanti1 has no refuge save    
your feet4 ,these are ,chandaneshwar1   
,singheshwar1 ,murari ,brahman1 and     
,vishnu-das1 all of whom meditate on    
your feet4 ,here are the high-minded    
,praharaj ,mahapatra1 and his kinsman   
,paramananda ,mahapatra4 ,these         
,vaishnavs are the ornaments of this    
holy place1 and all devotedly intent on 
your feet4 ,they all prostrated         
themselves on the ground before the     

,master1 who graciously held them to    
,his bosom4  ,just then came there      
,bhabananda ,ray1 with his four sons2   
and they all fell at the ,master's feet4
 ,sarvabhauma introduced them1 ,this is 
,bhabananda ,ray whose eldest son is    
,ramananda ,ray4 ,the ,master embraced  
him and spoke in praise of ,ramananda   
adding1 ,one cannot adequately describe 
to the world the greatness of him whose 
son is a jewel like ,ramananda4 ,truly1 
you are ,pandu1 your wife is ,kunti1 and
 your five high-souled sons are the five
 ,pandav brothers4 ,the ,ray replied1 ,i
 am a ,shudra1 a worldling and a wretch4
 ,that you have touched me is the only  
holy thing about me4 ,i lay down at your
 feet myself with my house1 belongings1 
servants1 and five sons4 ,this youth    
,vaninath will constantly wait on you1  
to do whatever you bid him4 ,know me as 
your own1 feel no delicacy1 but order   
whatever you desire4 ,the ,master       
answered1 ,what delicacy can there be8  
,you are not a stranger to me4 ,in birth

 after birth you with your family have  
been my servants4 ,in some five days    
,ramananda will arrive here4 ,his       
society will complete my bliss4 ,so     
saying ,he embraced the father1 while   
the four sons laid their heads at ,his  
feet4 ,they were all sent home1 only    
,vaninath ,patta ,nayak was retained by 
the ,master4  ,bhattacharya sent away   
the other people4 ,thereafter the       
,master called for deaf ,krishna-das1   
and said ,listen1 ,bhattacharya1 to the 
story of this man4 ,he had accompanied  
me to the ,south1 but left me to join   
the tribe of ,bhattamari4 ,but ,i       
rescued him from their hands4 ,having   
brought him back here ,i give him his   
discharge4 ,let him go wherever he      
likes2 ,i have no longer any concern    
with him4 ,at this ,krishna-das set up a
 lamentation4 ,when the ,master went    
away for ,his noonday worship1          
,nityananda1 ,jagadananda1 ,mukunda1 and
 ,damodar laid their heads together1    
saying1 ,we have to send a messenger to 

,bengal to report the ,master's arrival 
to ,his mother4 ,adwaita1 ,shribas and  
others of the faithful will all flock   
hither on hearing of ,his return4 ,let  
us send ,krishna-das 7for the purpose74 
,with this they consoled ,krishna-das4  
,next day they prayed to the ,master1   
,allow us to send a man to ,bengal1 as  
mother ,shachi1 ,adwaita and other      
devotees have all been plunged in       
concern since they heard of your setting
 out for the ,south4 ,let a man go and  
give them the glad tidings 7of your safe
 return74 ,the ,master assented1 ,do as 
you like4 ,so they sent ,krishna-das to 
,bengal1 with a present of the          
maha-prasad for the ,vaishnavs there4   
,deaf ,krishna-das reached ,bengal1 saw 
mother ,shachi at ,navadwip1 bowed1 and 
gave her the maha-prasad and the news of
 the ,master's return from the ,south4  
,the mother rejoiced at the news1 and so
 did the faithful led by ,shribas4 ,then
 ,krishna-das went to the house of      
,adwaita ,acharya1 gave him the prasad1 

bowed1 and told him all about the       
,master4 ,the ,acharya in rapture       
danced1 sang1 and shouted for a long    
time4 ,how shall ,i name all the flock  
who exulted at the news1--,haridas      
,thakur1 ,vasudev ,datta1 ,murari       
,gupta1 ,shivananda1 ,acharya ,ratna1   
,pandit ,vakreshwar1 ,acharya ,nidhi1   
the ,pandits ,gadadhar1 ,shriram1       
,damodar1 ,shriman1 and ,raghav1 ,vijay1
 ,shridhar1 and ,acharya ,nandan4 ,they 
all went in a body to ,adwaita1 bowed at
 his feet1 and were clasped to his      
bosom4 ,two or three days were spent by 
the ,acharya in great rejoicing 7with   
them71 and then he confirmed the desire 
to make a pilgrimage to the ,nilachal4  
,gathering together at ,navadwip1 they  
set off for ,jagannath with mother      
,shachi's leave4 ,at the report about   
the ,master1 ,satyaraj and ,ramananda   
from the ,kulin village joined them1 and
 so did ,mukunda and ,narahari from     
,raghunandan ,khand4 ,just then         
,paramananda ,puri arrived at ,nadia    

from the ,south1 travelling along the   
banks of the ,ganges4 ,he lodged in     
comfort in the temple of mother ,shachi1
 who honourably fed him4 ,on hearing    
there of the ,master's return1 the ,puri
 too wished to hasten to the ,nilachal4 
,he set off thither with the ,master's  
devotee1 the ,brahman ,kamalakanta1 and 
soon arrived in the ,master's presence1 
who rejoiced at the meeting and lovingly
 saluted his feet1 while the ,puri      
embraced ,him4  ,the ,master said1 ,i   
long to live in thy company4 ,make the  
,nilachal thy abode1 as thou lovest me4 
,the ,puri replied1 ,it is because ,i   
desire your society that ,i came hither 
from ,bengal4 ,the news of your return  
from the ,south has gladdened the heart 
of ,shachi4 ,the other devotees are     
coming to see you1 but as they made     
delay ,i had started quickly 7before    
them74 ,the ,master assigned to the     
,puri a retired room in ,kashi ,mishra's
 house and an attendant4  ,next day     
arrived ,swarup ,damodar1 who had       

touched the inmost recess of the        
,master's spirit4 ,his name in the world
 was ,purushottam ,acharya1 and he      
waited on the ,master at ,navadwip4     
,wild at the ,master's renunciation of  
the world1 he went to ,benares and      
turned monk there4 ,his guru1           
,chaitanyananda1 bade him study the     
,vedanta and expound it to the people4  
,he was totally withdrawn from the world
 and a deep scholar1 having taken refuge
 in ,krishna with all his body and soul4
 ,he had turned sannyasi1 in a wild     
longing to worship ,krishna in freedom  
from every 7earthly7 thought and care4  
,as a sannyasi he cast off his sacred   
thread and took the tonsure1 but did not
 put on the yogi's dress4 ,swarup was   
the new name given to him4 ,with his    
guru's permission he came to the        
,nilachal1 being day and night out of   
his senses in the bliss of loving       
,krishna4 ,he was a perfect scholar1    
holding converse with none1 and living  
in seclusion unknown to the world1 ,he  

had known the mystery of the love of    
,krishna2 his very body was a picture of
 love2 he seemed the exact second self  
of the ,master4 ,every book1 verse1 or  
song brought to the ,master had to be   
first examined by ,swarup before ,he    
would hear it4 ,the ,master took no     
delight in compositions that clashed    
with the theory of bhakti and lacked the
 spirit of delight 7ras74 ,so1 ,swarup  
,goswami tasted books and read to the   
,master only such as were correct4      
,vidyapati1 ,chandidas and ,git-,govinda
 were the poetry that delighted the     
,master4 ,damodar surpassed others1 as  
he was a veritable gandharva in musical 
skill and a ,vrihaspati in ,shastric    
lore4 ,he was a darling to ,adwaita and 
,nityananda1 and the very life of       
,shribas and other faithful ones4  ,such
 was ,damodar who came and prostrating  
him self clasped the ,master's feet     
while he recited stanza #bj of ,act     
,,viii4 of the drama                    
,chaitanya-chandrodaya4  ,the ,master   

raised and embraced him4 ,the two       
swooned away in ecstasy4 ,after a while 
regaining composure the ,master began   
thus3 ,i have dreamt that you would come
 to-day4 ,it is good 7that you have     
come72 ,i am like a blind man who has   
got back his two eyes4 ,swarup answered1
 ,pardon my sin1 ,master ,i erred       
grievously when ,i left you and sought  
another 7guru74 ,i had not a particle of
 faith in your feet1 but1 sinner that ,i
 was1 ,i had left you to go to another  
country6 ,i had no doubt left you1 but  
you did not forsake me4 ,thy grace has  
been a chain round my neck1 dragging me 
to thy feet4  ,then ,swarup bowed at    
,nityananda's feet1 who lovingly        
embraced him4 ,he also did due courtesy 
as he met ,jagadananda1 ,mukunda1       
,shankar1 ,sarvabhauma1 and ,paramananda
 ,puri4 ,the ,master gave him a quiet   
room with a servant to draw water and do
 other services4  ,one day the ,master  
sat surrounded by ,sarvabhauma and other
 faithful ones1 holding sweet discourse 

on ,krishna1 when ,govinda arrived1     
prostrated himself1 and said1 ,i am     
,govinda1 a servant of ,ishwar ,puri1 at
 whose bidding ,i have come to you4 ,the
 ,puri1 when attaining to siddhi 7death7
 told me to go and serve                
,krishna-,chaitanya4 ,kashishwar will   
come 7here7 after visiting holy places4 
,at my ,master's bidding ,i have        
hastened to your feet4 ,to this the     
,master replied1 ,ishwar ,puri loved me 
like a son1 and has sent you to me as a 
favour4 ,at this ,sarvabhauma asked1    
,how could the ,puri retain a ,shudra   
attendant8 ,the ,master answered1 ,god  
is supremely independent4 ,his mercy is 
not bound by 7the rules of7 the ,vedas4 
,god's grace defies caste and family    
distinctions4 ,witness how ,krishna     
dined at the house of ,bidur4 ,love and 
service are mere instruments of         
,krishna's mercy4 ,when actuated by     
mercy ,he acts independently of the     
conventions of religion4 ,loving        
treatment is a million times more       

blissful than dignity4 ,the very hearing
 of it gives intense delight4  ,so      
saying the ,master embraced ,govinda1   
who then bowed at the feet of all4 ,the 
,master spoke1 ,bhattacharya1 solve this
 problem3 the very servant of my guru is
 honourable to me1 and it is not seemly 
that he should serve me4 ,and yet the   
guru has commanded it4 ,what should ,i  
do8 ,the ,bhatta answered1 ,a guru's    
command is most strong1 and the         
,shastras direct us not to violate it4  
,witness the ,raghuvamsa1 xiv4 #ec1 and 
,valmiki's ,ramayan1 ,ayodhya-kanda1    
xxii4 #i4  ,then the ,master consented  
and permitted ,govinda to serve ,his    
body4 ,all honoured him as the ,master's
 favourite attendant1 while ,govinda    
made arrangements for all the           
,vaishnavs4 ,he was accompanied by the  
two ,haridases 7who were surnamed the   
greater and lesser chanters71 ,ramai and
 ,nandai1 in tending the ,master4       
,govinda's good fortune baffles         
description4  ,one day ,mukunda ,datta  

said to the ,master1 ,brahmananda       
,bharati has come to see you4 ,permit me
 to bring him hither4 ,but ,he replied1 
,the ,bharati is my guru4 ,it is ,i who 
should go to him4 ,so saying1 ,he went  
to ,brahmananda1 with all ,his          
followers4 ,at the sight of ,brahmananda
 clad in deer skin1 the ,master grieved 
at heart1 pretended not to have observed
 him1 and asked ,mukunda where the      
,bharati was4 ,mukunda replied1 ,here1  
before you6 ,but the ,master objected1  
,you do not know4 ,it is not he1 but    
somebody else whom you are ignorantly   
pointing out4 ,why should the ,bharati  
,goswami wear a skin8 ,at this          
,brahmananda inly reflected1 ,he likes  
not my robe of deer skin4 ,he has spoken
 well4 ,a skin is worn as a mark of     
pride 7of asceticism74 ,the wearing of  
it cannot give me salvation from the    
,world4 ,henceforth ,i shall renounce   
this garment4 ,the ,master learnt of his
 thought1 and had a cloth brought1 which
 ,brahmananda put on after discarding   

the skin4 ,then the ,master bowed at his
 feet1 but the ,bharati objected saying1
 ,these your acts are for instructing   
the people4 ,never bow down to me again1
 it frightens me4 ,here are now two     
gods1 viz41 ,jagannath the stationary1  
and you the moving god4 ,you are the    
fair god1 while ,jagannath is the dark  
deity4 ,these two 7between them7 have   
redeemed the world4 ,the ,master        
demurred1 ,the truth is that your coming
 has revealed two ,brahmas at           
,purushottam3 your name is ,brahmananda1
 and 7you are7 the fair-coloured moving 
,brahma1 while ,jagannath is the dark   
and motionless one4 ,the ,bharati cried 
out1 ,be thou the judge between us1     
,sarvabhauma1 and attend to my logical  
dispute with ,him4 ,the ,shastras tell  
us that creation is vyapya1 while       
,brahma is vyapak4  ,he has reformed me 
by taking away my skin robe4 ,this shows
 that one is vyapya and the other is    
vyapak4 ,vide ,mahabharat1 ,dan-parva1  
ch4 #adi1 stanza #ajia4 ,to the ,master 

truly belong those 7divine7 epithets1   
sandal-pasted prasad1 dor1 two-armed    
,angad4 ,bhattacharya replied1 ,o       
,bharati1 the victory is thine1 as ,i   
see4 ,the ,master said1 ,whatever you   
say must be true4 ,in a logical         
disputation1 the disciple must always   
yield to the guru4 ,but the ,bharati    
objected1 ,no1 no1 the reason 7of my    
victory7 is otherwise4 ,it is thy nature
 to admit defeat at the hands of thy    
bhaktas4 ,listen to another feat of     
thine4 ,all my life ,i had worshipped   
the formless ,deity1 but when ,i saw    
thee1 ,krishna became manifest before my
 eyes4 ,krishna's name broke forth from 
my lips1 ,krishna's image was stamped on
 my heart and eye4 ,my soul thirsts for 
thee as thou resemblest ,krishna4 ,my   
condition is truly like that of         
,billamangal1 as described in the       
,bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu4  ,the ,master 
rejoined1 ,deep is your love of         
,krishna1 so that whatever your eye     
glances on1 you see a ,krishna there4   

,bhattacharya replied1 ,yes1 but only   
after ,krishna had first revealed       
himself in the flesh4 ,love alone can   
enable us to see him4 ,his favour is the
 7only7 means of seeing him4 ,the       
,master cried out1 ,holy ,god6 ,holy    
,god6 what art thou saying1             
,sarvabhauma8 ,your praise in hyperbole 
is satire in disguise4 ,so saying ,he   
led the ,bharati to ,his own house and  
lodged him there4 ,ram ,bhattacharya and
 ,bhagaban ,acharya waited on the       
,master1 leaving all other works4       
,another day ,kashishwar ,goswami       
arrived and was honourably lodged by the
 ,master with ,himself4 ,he used to     
escort the ,master to the temple of     
,jagannath1 removing the crowd from     
before ,him4 ,as all rivers and brooks  
unite in the ocean1 so did the ,master's
 worshippers1 wherever they might have  
been1 all come together at ,his feet4   
,he graciously kept them at ,his house4 
,thus have ,i described the ,master's   
assembling of ,vaishnavs4 ,text1 canto  

#aj4    ,,chapter ,,ix  ,the ,grand     
,chanting 7,bera ,kirtan7  ,one day     
,sarvabhauma said1 ,master1 may ,i make 
bold to submit a thing8 ,he replied1    
,say thy say without hesitation4 ,if it 
is a proper request1 ,i shall keep it1  
if not1 not4 ,sarvabhauma said1 ,here is
 ,pratap ,rudra ,ray1 eager to meet you4
 ,the ,master clapped ,his hands to ,his
 ears1 murmured an appeal to ,god1 and  
replied1 ,why such an improper speech1  
,sarvabhauma8 ,i am a hermit withdrawn  
from the world4 ,for me to meet a king  
or a woman is fatal like a draught of   
poison4  ,sarvabhauma entreated1 ,true  
are thy words4 ,but this ,raja is a     
votary of ,jagannath and the chief of   
devotees4 ,still1 a king is only the    
deadly snake in another form1 just as   
the touch of even the wooden statue of a
 woman causes mental perturbation4 ,say 
not so again4 ,if you do1 you will miss 
me from this place4 ,alarmed1           
,sarvabhauma retired to his own house4  
,at this time ,king ,pratap ,rudra of   

the ,gajapati dynasty arrived at ,puri4 
,with him came ,ramananda ,ray1 who     
first of all interviewed the ,master in 
great delight4 ,the ,ray prostrated     
himself1 the ,master embraced him1 and  
the two shed tears of joy4 ,at this     
loving intercourse1 all the bhaktas     
wondered4 ,the ,ray said1 ,i reported   
your behest to my king1 who relieved me 
of my office1 as you wished4 ,i told him
 that if he would let me ,i should      
remain at ,chaitanya's feet1 as ,i no   
longer wished to manage affairs 7of     
state74 ,at the mention of thy name the 
king in delight rose from his throne and
 embraced me4 ,on hearing thy name he   
was enraptured2 he held my hand and very
 graciously told me1 ',enjoy your salary
 as before1 and adore ,chaitanya's feet 
in freedom from all cares4 ,i1 worthless
 wretch1 am unfit to behold ,him4       
,blessed are they in life that adore    
,him4 ,right gracious is ,he1 the son of
 ,braja's lord4 ,in some other birth ,he
 will certainly grant me the sight of   

,him4' ,i myself have not a tithe of the
 passion of devotion which ,i saw in the
 ,raja4  ,the ,master replied1 ,you are 
the foremost of the adorers of ,krishna4
 ,he is fortunate who loves you4        
,krishna will accept the ,raja because  
of the great favour he has shown to you4
 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xix4 #ba1 ,,iii4
 vii4 #bj1 and two verses from the ,adi 
,puran and the ,padma ,puran4  ,the ,ray
 bowed at the feet of the four apostles1
 viz41 the ,puri1 the ,bharati1 ,swarup 
and ,nityananda1 and properly met       
,jagadananda1 ,mukunda1 and the other   
faithful ones4 ,the ,master asked1 ,ray6
 have you visited ,jagannath8 ,the ,ray 
replied1 ,i am going to see the god now4
 ,at this the ,master cried out1 ,what  
hast thou done1 ,ray8 ,why did you come 
to me before visiting the god8 ,the ,ray
 answered1 ,my feet are my carriage1 my 
heart is the driver2 wherever they take 
me ,i1 as rider1 must go4 ,what can ,i  
do8 ,my heart brought me hither1 and did
 not suggest the idea of visiting       

,jagannath first4 ,the ,master replied1 
,hasten to see the god2 go to your      
kindred and home afterwards4 ,at the    
,master's command the ,ray went to see  
the god4 ,who can fathom the mystery of 
the ,ray's devotion8  ,on reaching      
,puri1 the king summoned ,sarvabhauma1  
and after bowing to him asked1 ,did you 
submit my prayer to the ,master8        
,sarvabhauma replied1 ,i have entreated 
,him hard1 but ,he still refuses to     
grant interview to kings4 ,if we press  
,him further ,he will go away from this 
place4 ,at this the king lamented1 ,his 
advent is for redeeming the sinful and  
the lowly4 ,he has saved ,jagai and     
,madhai4 ,has ,he incarnated ,himself   
with the determination to deliver the   
whole world excepting ,pratap ,rudra1   
alone8 ,well1 ,he has vowed not to see  
me1 and ,i now vow to give up this life 
if ,i cannot see ,him4 ,if ,i am not    
rich in the great ,master's grace1 what 
boots my kingdom1 my body8 ,everything  
is useless to me4  ,hearing this        

,sarvabhauma grew alarmed1 and he       
marvelled at the ardour of the king's   
devotion4 ,so he said1 ,my liege6 grieve
 not4 ,the ,master will surely take pity
 on you4 ,he can be compelled by love1  
and your love is most profound2 ,he     
cannot help doing you grace4 ,still1 ,i 
suggest a device by which you can see   
,him4 ,at the ,car ,festival1 the       
,master with all ,his followers will    
dance in rapture in front of            
,jagannath's car1 and enter the garden  
in an ecstatic mood4 ,just then1 clad in
 a plain robe and reciting the          
,krishna-rasa-panchadhyayi all alone1   
you will run and clasp the ,master's    
feet4 ,he will then be oblivious of the 
outer world1 and on hearing ,krishna's  
name will embrace you as a ,vaishnav4   
,to-day ,ramananda ,ray has lauded your 
devotion to the ,master1 whose mind has 
been turned by it4  ,at these words the 
king rejoiced and accepted this plan of 
meeting with the ,master4 ,he learnt    
from the ,bhatta that the ,bathing      

,festival would occur three days        
afterwards4 ,thus consoling the king1   
the ,bhatta returned home4  ,at the     
,bathing ,festival1 the ,master greatly 
rejoiced to see the ceremony2 but when  
,jagannath withdrew to retirement1 ,he  
deeply mourned for it1 and in anguish of
 separation1 like the milkmaids during  
,krishna's absence1 ,he retired to      
,alalnath1 leaving ,his followers       
behind4 ,they afterwards joined ,him1   
and reported that many of the faithful  
had arrived from ,bengal4 ,sarvabhauma  
brought the ,master back to ,his        
quarters in ,puri1 and informed the king
 of the fact4 ,just then ,gopinath      
,acharya arrived at the ,court1 blessed 
the king1 and said1 ,hark thee1         
,bhattacharya1 two hundred ,vaishnavs   
are coming from ,bengal1--all of them   
followers of the ,master and very       
spiritual personages4 ,they have        
appeared in the city4 ,arrange for their
 being given lodgings and consecrated   
food4 ,the king replied1 ,i shall order 

the ,parichha1 to assign them lodgings  
c41 as they require4 ,show me1          
,bhattacharya1 the ,master's followers  
arrived from ,bengal1 one by one4 ,the  
,bhatta said1 ,climb to the roof of the 
palace4 ,gopinath will point them out as
 he knows them all1 ,i know none1 though
 ,i long to do so4 ,gopinath will       
introduce each4 ,so saying the three    
ascended to the roof1 while the         
,vaishnavs came near them4 ,damodar     
,swarup and ,govinda1 sent on by the    
,master1 welcomed the ,vaishnavs on the 
way with the god's garlands and prasad4 
,to the ,rajah's query ,bhattacharya    
said1 ,this one is ,swarup ,damodar1 the
 alter ego of the ,master4 ,that is ,his
 servant ,govinda4 ,by their hands has  
,he sent the garlands as a mark of      
honour4 ,swarup and ,govinda            
successively garlanded ,adwaita and     
bowed to him4 ,but the ,acharya knew not
 ,govinda and asked who he was4 ,damodar
 ,swarup answered ,he is ,govinda1 a    
highly meritorious servant of ,ishwar   

,puri1 who had ordered him to tend our  
,master1 and by ,him is ,govinda now    
retained4  ,the king asked1 ,who is the 
high spiritual chief to whom both have  
given garlands8 ,the ,acharya replied1  
,he is ,adwaita ,acharya1 respected by  
our ,master and highly honoured by all4 
,that one is ,shribas ,pandit1 and those
 are ,vakreshwar ,pandit1 ,vidyanidhi   
,acharya1 ,gadadhar ,pandit1 ,acharya   
,ratna1 ,purandar ,acharya1 ,gangarlas  
,pandit1 ,shankar ,pandit1 ,murari      
,gupta1 ,nara-yan ,pandit1 ,haridas     
,thakur 7the purifier of the world71    
,hari ,bhatta1 ,nrisinghananda1 ,vasudev
 ,datta1 ,shivananda1 ,govinda1 ,madhav1
 ,vasu ,ghosh 7three brothers1 whose    
chanting delights the ,master71 ,raghav 
,pandit1 ,acharya ,nandan1 ,shriman     
,pandit1 ,shrikanta ,narayan1 ,shridhar 
7the white robed71 ,vijay1 ,vallabh     
,sen1 ,sanjay1 ,satyaraj ,khan 7a       
resident of ,kulin village71 ,ramananda1
 ,mukunda-das1 ,narahari1 ,raghunandan1 
,chiranjib 7of ,khanda71 ,sulochan1 and 

many more4 ,how can ,i name them all8   
,they all follow ,chaitanya and hold    
,him as their life4  ,the king answered1
 ,the sight fills me with wonder4 ,i    
have never before beheld such radiance  
among ,vaishnavs4 ,they are all         
resplendent of hue like a million ,suns4
 ,never before have ,i heard such       
entrancing street singing4 ,nowhere else
 have ,i seen such devotion1 such       
dancing1 such shouting of ,hari's name1 
and nowhere else have ,i seen or heard  
the like of it4  ,bhattacharya said1    
,true are thy words4 ,chaitanya has     
created this devotional                 
procession-singing 7sankirtan74 ,his    
incarnation is for preaching religion2  
in the ,kali age the sankirtan of       
,krishna's name is the 7only7 religion4 
,wise are those who worship ,krishna by 
means of sankirtan2 all other men are   
overpowered by the spirit of ,kali4     
,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 v4 #bi4  ,the    
king asked1 ,the ,shastras prove that   
,chaitanya is ,krishna 7incarnate74 ,why

 then do scholars turn away from ,him8  
,the ,bhatta answered1 ,he alone whom   
,chaitanya favours even a bit can know  
,him as ,krishna4 ,he who has not       
,chaitanya's grace is nowise a scholar1 
as he sees and hears ,chaitanya without 
recognizing the ,god in ,him4 ,vide     
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #bh4  ,the king     
asked1 ,why are they all hastening to   
,chaitanya's lodgings without first     
visiting ,jagannath8 ,the ,bhatta       
replied1 ,such is the natural           
consequence of devotion4 ,their hearts  
are yearning to see the ,master4 ,they  
will see ,him first1 and then led by    
,him will visit ,jagannath4 ,the king   
next said1 ,vaninath1 the son of        
,bhabananda ,ray1 is conveying the      
maha-prasad by five or six porters to   
the ,master's house4 ,why is such a huge
 quantity needed8 ,the ,bhatta answered1
 ,knowing that the faithful were coming1
 the ,master had bidden him bring the   
prasad4 ,the king objected1 ,it is the  
custom for pilgrims to fast on reaching 

a holy place 7before they see the god74 
,but why are these men breaking their   
fast8 ,the ,bhatta answered1 ,what you  
mention is the rule of religion4 ,but in
 this path of devotion there is a subtle
 inner meaning4 ,god's indirect 7or     
general7 command is that pilgrims should
 first shave their heads and fast4 ,but 
the ,master's direct 7or immediate7     
order is feasting on the prasad4 ,where 
the maha-prasad is not available1       
fasting is the rule2 but it is a sin to 
refuse the prasad when the ,master bids 
one eat it2 especially when ,he is      
distributing it with ,his own hands1 who
 will reject such blessedness in order  
to fast8 ,before this ,he had one       
morning offered me the prasad1 and ,i   
had eaten it before rising from my bed6 
,he whose heart receives ,chaitanya's   
gracious call discards the ,vedas and   
conventional religion1 and seeks refuge 
in ,krishna alone4 ,vide ,bhagabat1     
,,iv4 xxix4 #dc4  ,then the king        
descended from the palace terrace4 ,he  

summoned ,kashi ,mishra and the         
,parichha officer and bade them1 ,the   
,master's followers have come to ,him4  
,give them food and board to their      
comfort1 and make it easy for them to   
see the god4 ,heedfully obey the        
,master's behests4 ,even when ,he does  
not speak out1 carry out ,his hinted    
purpose4 ,so saying he dismissed them4  
,sarvabhauma then went away to visit the
 temple4 ,gopinath ,acharya and         
,sarvabhauma from afar beheld how the   
,master met the ,vaishnavs4 ,the        
,vaishnavs 7from ,bengal7 took the way  
to ,kashi ,mishra's house1 leaving      
,jagannath's lion-gate on their right4  
,just then the ,master coming with ,his 
attendants met them on the way in great 
glee4 ,adwaita bowed at ,his feet1 but  
,he embraced him4 ,in rapture of        
devotion the two were greatly excited1  
but in consideration of the occasion the
 ,master composed ,himself somewhat4    
,the new arrivals all bowed to ,him1 and
 ,he embraced and addressed each of them

 in turn1 took them inside ,his house   
7which was filled with the throng of    
countless ,vaishnavs71 seated them by   
,himself1 and personally gave them      
garlands and sandal-paste4 ,then        
,gopinath and ,sarvabhauma arrived there
 and saluted all in proper terms4       
,sweetly did the ,master address        
,adwaita1 ,thy coming has made me       
complete to-day4 ,but ,adwaita objected1
 ,such is the nature of ,god4 ,he is    
full and the source of all power1 and   
yet ,he exults in the society of the    
faithful and ever disports in many ways 
with them4  ,the ,master1 delighted to  
meet ,vasudev1 stroked his body and     
said1 ,mukunda has beeh my companion    
from my childhood4 ,but the sight of you
 gives me even more delight4 ,vasudev   
replied1 ,that ,mukunda has gained your 
society is a second birth to him4       
,therefore is his rank higher than mine1
 though ,i am his elder brother4 ,your  
grace has made him excel in all virtues4
 ,then the ,master added1 ,i have       

brought two manuscripts from the ,south 
for you4 ,they are with ,swarup2 take   
copies of them4 ,vasudev was pleased to 
get the books1 and every ,vaishnav 7from
 ,bengal7 took a copy of them2 so that  
gradually the two works spread          
everywhere4  ,lovingly did the ,master  
address ,shribas and others1 ,you four  
brothers have bought me 7with your      
kindness71 to which ,shribas replied1   
,why do you speak just the contrary of  
the fact8 ,we four are bondsmen         
purchased by your grace4  ,seeing       
,shankar1 the ,master spoke to ,damodar 
his elder brother1 ,my love for you is  
mixed with respect1 whereas towards     
,shankar ,i feel pure affection4        
,therefore keep him in your company4    
,damodar replied1 ,shankar was born     
after me1 but your grace has made him my
 elder brother4  ,to ,shivananda ,he    
said1 ,i knew before this your first    
introduction to me that you were        
ardently devoted to me4 ,at these words 
,shivananda was enraptured2 he          

prostrated himself on the ground and    
recited an extempore ,sanskrit stanza4  
,murari ,gupta1 without coming to the   
,master at first1 lay prostrate out of  
doors4 ,the ,master searched for him1   
and many ran out to bring ,murari in4   
,murari presented himself before the    
,master holding two blades of grass     
between his teeth as a mark of abject   
humility4 ,as the ,master advanced to   
yyelcome him1 ,murari stepped back      
shouting1 ,touch me not1 ,lord1 ,i am a 
sinner1 my body is unworthy of your     
touch4 ,the ,master replied1 ,away with 
your lowliness1 ,murari2 the sight of it
 pierces my heart4 ,so saying ,he       
embraced ,murari1 seated him by ,his    
side and patted him on the back4        
,similarly1 with words of praise and    
repeated embraces did the ,master       
receive ,acharya ,ratna1 the            
,vidyanidhi1 ,gadadhar ,pandit1         
,gangadas1 ,hari ,bhatta1 and ,purandar 
,acharya4 ,then ,he asked1 ,where is    
,haridas8 ,but ,haridas lay prostrate   

far away on the edge of the public road1
 whence he had first beheld ,chaitanya4 
,he had not resorted to the ,master's   
reception1 but stopped at a distance4   
,the devotees hurried there to lead him 
in1 but ,haridas said1 ,i am a low      
person1 of no caste1 and debarred from  
going close to the temple4 ,if ,i can   
get a little retired space in the       
garden1 ,i shall lie there and pass my  
time in loneliness1 so that no servitor 
of ,jagannath may have anv occasion to  
touch me4 ,that is my prayer4  ,at the  
report of this speech the ,master was   
pleased4 ,just then ,kashi ,mishra and  
the ,parichha arrived and did obeisance 
to the ,master4 ,delighted to see so    
many ,vaishnavs1 they were introduced to
 all with due courtesy4 ,then they      
entreated the ,master1 ,permit us to    
make arrangements for these ,vaishnavs4 
,we have chosen lodgings for all and    
shall serve them with the maha-prasad4  
,the ,master replied1 ,gopinath6 take   
the ,vaishnavs with you and bestow them 

in the lodgings chosen for them4        
,deliver the maha-prasad to ,vaninath1  
who will distribute it to all4 ,close to
 my place is a very lonely house in this
 flower-garden4 ,let me have it1 as ,i  
need it for lonely meditation4 ,then    
,mishra said1 ,all is thine1 and this   
begging is needless4 ,take whatever     
houses you please4 ,we two are slaves   
waiting for your bidding4 ,be pleased to
 command us in whatever you wish for4   
,the two now left with ,gopinath and    
,vaninath2 the former was shown all the 
lodging-houses1 and the latter was given
 immense quantities of the maha-prasad  
7for the whole party74 ,thereafter      
,vaninath returned with the consecrated 
rice and cakes1 and ,gopinath after     
cleaning the lodgings4 ,the ,master     
said1 ,hear1 all ye ,vaishnavs6 ,go to  
your respective lodgings4 ,after bathing
 in the ocean and gazing at the pinnacle
 of the temple1 come here for your      
dinner4 ,after bowing to the ,master1   
they were led away to their quarters by 

,gopinath4  ,then ,he came to receive   
,haridas1 who was chanting ,god's name  
in rapture4 ,haridas fell flat at the   
,master's feet1 who clasped him to ,his 
bosom4 ,both wept in fervour of         
love1--the ,master overcome by the      
disciple's merits and the disciple by   
the ,master's4 ,haridas cried1 ,touch me
 not1 ,master1 ,i am a low untouchable  
wretch4 ,but the ,master answered1 ,i   
touch you to be purified myself1 because
 ,i lack your pure religion4 ,every     
moment you acquire as much piety as by  
bathing in all holy places1 or by       
performing sacrifice1 austerities1 and  
alms-giving1 or by reading the ,vedas4  
,you are holier than a ,brahman or a    
sannyasi6 ,vide ,bhagabat ,,iii4 xxxiii4
 #g4 ,so saying ,he took ,haridas into  
the garden and gave him a room all      
apart1 adding1 ,live here1 chanting ,his
 name4 ,daily will ,i come and join     
thee4 ,bow to the discus on the top of  
the temple of ,jagannath 7which you can 
see from here74 ,the prasad will be sent

 to you here4 ,nityananda1 ,jagadananda1
 ,damodar1 and ,mukunda rejoiced on     
meeting with ,haridas4  ,after bathing  
in the sea the ,master returned to ,his 
quarters4 ,adwaita and his party also   
bathed in the sea1 gazed 7reverently7 at
 the pinnacle of the temple1 and came to
 the ,master's house for dinner4        
,chaitanya seated them in proper order  
and ,himself distributed the food4 ,so  
lavish was ,his hand that ,he gave two  
or three men's food to each4 ,but all   
the faithful held their hands back from 
the dinner so long as the ,master       
fasted4 ,swarup reported this to ,him1  
saying1 ,unless you sit down to meal1   
none else will dine4 ,gopinath ,acharya 
has invited the party of sannyasis to   
dine with you4 ,he has brought the      
prasad1 and the ,puri and ,bharati were 
waiting for you4 ,do you sit down to    
dinner with ,nityananda1 while ,i serve 
the ,vaishnavs4 ,then the ,master       
carefully sent the prasad to ,haridas by
 the hand of ,govinda1 and ,himself sat 

at meals with all the sannyasis1 while  
the ,acharya served them in delight4    
,swarup ,damodar and ,jagadananda served
 the ,vaishnavs1 who ate all sorts of   
cakes and syrups1 joyously shouting     
,hari's name every now and then4  ,after
 they had dined and washed their hands1 
the ,master gave each a garland and a   
sandal-paste mark4 ,they then retired to
 their lodgings for rest4 ,in the       
evening they came to ,him again1 when   
,ramananda also arrived4 ,the ,master   
introduced him to all the ,vaishnavs4   
,with the whole party ,he went to       
,jagannath's temple1 and began to chant 
7kirtan74 ,after the burning of evening 
incense ,he began a sankirtan4 ,the     
,parichha presented ,him with a garland 
and sandal-paste4  ,four parties sang on
 four sides1 while in their midst danced
 ,shachi's darling4 ,eight dholes and   
#cb cymbals were played on4 ,all shouted
 ,hari6 ,hari6 and cheered4 ,the        
blissful sound of kirtan penetrated     
through the #ad regions to the empyrean4

 ,as the kirtan began1 devotion welled  
out2 the people of ,puri ran thither and
 marvelled at the singing1 having never 
seen such transports of love before4    
,next the ,master went round            
,jagannath's temple1 dancing and        
singing1 while the four parties of      
chanters preceded and followed ,him4 ,as
 ,he was falling down1 ,nityananda held 
,him up4 ,men wondered as they beheld   
,his weeping1 tremour1 perspiration1 and
 deep shouting4 ,the tears ran down ,his
 cheeks like jets from a syringe and    
bathed the men around4 ,after dancing   
round the temple for a long time1 ,he   
performed kirtan behind it1 the four    
parties singing in a high pitch1 while  
,chaitanya danced wildly in the middle4 
,after dancing long ,he stopped and     
permitted the four ,apostles to dance   
with the four parties1 ,nityananda1     
,adwaita ,acharya1 ,vakreshwar ,pandit1 
and ,shrinibas while the ,master from   
the centre gazed on4 ,here ,he          
manifested a miraculous power3 every one

 who danced around ,him saw that the    
,master was gazing only at him6 ,he     
manifested this power only because ,he  
wished to behold the dance of the four4 
,every one noticed ,his attentive gaze  
but did not know how ,he could gaze on  
four sides6 ,just as at the feast on the
 ,jamuna's bank1 ,krishna in the midst  
of his comrades seemed to be gazing at  
every one of them at the same time4  ,as
 each came up to ,him dancing1 the      
,master firmly clasped him to ,his      
bosom4 ,the people of ,puri swam in a   
sea of delight as they beheld such grand
 dancing1 devotion1 and sankirtan4 ,the 
king himself on hearing of the splendour
 of the kirtan1 ascended to the terrace 
of his palace with his ,court to gaze at
 it4 ,the sight increased his admiration
 and his eagerness to be introduced to  
the ,master4  ,after finishing the      
chanting and beholding the ceremony of  
showering flowers on ,jagannath1 the    
,master returned home with all the      
,vaishnavs4 ,the ,parichha brought to   

,him plenty of prasad which ,he divided 
among all4 ,then he dismissed them and  
retired to bed4 ,all the time they were 
with ,him1 they daily performed kirtan  
in this style4 ,text1 canto n4          
,,chapter ,x  ,cleansing ,jagannath's   
garden-house  ,before this1 when the    
,master returned from the ,south1 ,king 
,pratap ,rudra ,gajapati1 eager to see  
,him1 wrote to ,sarvabhauma from ,katak 
to get the ,master's consent to an      
interview4 ,on ,bhattacharya replying   
that the consent was withheld1 the king 
wrote again1 ,entreat the bhaktas of the
 ,master to intercede with ,him for me4 
,through their favour ,i may reach ,his 
feet4 ,i like not my kingship if ,i     
cannot gain ,his grace4 ,if ,chaitanya  
does not take pity on me1 ,i shall give 
up my throne and turn a religious       
mendicant4 ,bhattacharya in great alarm 
went to the bhaktas1 told them of the   
king's plight and showed them the       
letter4  ,they marvelled at the king's  
devotion to the ,master and said1 ,he   

will never receive the king4 ,if we     
entreat ,him1 it will only grieve ,him4 
,but ,sarvabhauma said1 ,let us all go  
to ,him4 ,we shall tell ,him about the  
king's conduct without pressing ,him to 
grant an interview4  ,so they all       
repaired to the ,master's presence1     
eager to speak and yet silent4 ,he      
asked1 ,what is it that you have all    
come to say8 ,i see you have of         
something in your minds4 ,why then do   
you not speak it out8 ,nityananda       
replied1 ,we have a prayer to make4 ,we 
cannot keep it back1 and yet we fear to 
speak4 ,proper or improper we shall     
report it all to you4 ,if you do not see
 him the king wishes to turn hermit4    
,the ,master's heart was secretly       
softened by the speech1 but with a show 
of harshness ,he said1 ,i see that you  
all wish to take me to see the king at  
,katak6 ,not to speak of the next world1
 even the people 7of the earth7 will    
blame me4 ,not to speak of other people1
 even ,damodar will condemn me4 ,if ,i  

ever receive the king it will be with   
,damodar's approval and not at your     
request4 ,damodar said1 ,you are ,god   
and a free being4 ,you know best what is
 proper 7for you7 and what is not4 ,how 
can a petty creature like me lay down   
the rule to you8 ,i shall witness your  
granting him an audience of your own    
accord4 ,the king loves you1 love       
compels you1 therefore his love will    
make you touch him4 ,a free ,god as you 
are1 it is your nature to be swayed by  
love4  ,nityananda broke in1 ,where is  
the man that dares bid you interview the
 king8 ,but it is the nature of devoted 
ones that they give up their lives if   
they fail to obtain the object of their 
adoration4 ,witness how the sacrificing 
,brahman's wife gave up her life on     
failing to go out and see ,krishna      
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxiii4 ,there is one way1
 however1 if you will only listen to it1
 by which you will not meet the king and
 yet his life will be saved3 give him of
 thy grace thy wearing apparel1 by      

getting which he will hold to life4     
,the ,master replied1 ,you are all      
highly learned4 ,do whatever you think  
fit4 ,then ,nityananda begged from      
,govinda one of the dhotis of the       
,master1 and sent it by ,sarvabhauma to 
the king1 who gleefully adored the cloth
 as if it were the ,master ,himself4    
,thereafter when ,ramananda ,ray came   
back from the ,south and entreated the  
king to let him stay with the ,master1  
the king gladly consented1 and pressed  
him to entreat the ,master1 whose       
favourite he was1 to grant him an       
interview4 ,then the two arrived at     
,puri1 and ,ramananda waited on the     
,master and reported to ,him the king's 
love and devotion4 ,he repeatedly took  
occasion to mention the subject1 being a
 minister expert in diplomacy1 and      
succeeded in softening the ,master's    
mind4  ,pratap ,rudra could not contain 
himself in his eagerness1 and again     
pressed ,ramananda1 who begged the      
,master to show ,his feet only once to  

the king4 ,but the ,master replied1     
,judge for yourself1 ,ramananda1 whether
 a hermit ought to receive a king4 ,such
 an interview ruins a hermit in this    
world and the next1 and makes him a butt
 of ridicule4 ,ramananda pleaded1 ,you  
are ,god and your own master2 whom fear 
you8 ,you are subject to none6 ,the     
,master replied1 ,i am a sannyasi living
 in human habitations1 and ,i fear      
worldly dealings with all my soul and   
body4 ,even the most trifling failing of
 a sannyasi is talked of by all men1    
just as a spot of ink on a white cloth  
cannot be hidden4 ,the ,ray urged1 ,you 
have saved 7by your touch7 many a       
sinner1 while this king is a devotee of 
,god and your bhakta4 ,the ,master      
parried the argument thus1 ,just as a   
jar full of milk is shunned if it       
contains even one drop of wine1 so is   
,pratap ,rudra1 clad in all the virtues1
 defiled by his title of ,king4 ,still1 
if you are keen about it1 introduce his 
son to me4 ,the ,shastras say1 the son  

is one's own self born again4 ,my       
interview with the son will be          
equivalent to a meeting with the father4
  ,the ,ray reported it to the king and 
conducted the ,prince to the ,master4   
,the royal youth was handsome and dark1 
clad in a yellow robe and jewels1 --so  
that he reminded one of ,krishna4 ,on   
seeing him1 the ,master thought of      
,krishna1 lovingly received him1 and    
said1 ,a very pious personage is this   
youth1 the sight of whom makes all men  
remember the ,darling of ,braja's lord4 
,blessed am ,i that ,i have seen him4   
,so saying ,he repeatedly embraced the  
,prince1 who was transported by the     
touch and began to perspire1 tremble1   
weep1 exult and stand inert1 and 7then7 
danced and wept chanting ,krishna's     
name4 ,the bhaktas present praised his  
good fortune4 ,then the ,master composed
 him and bade him come there daily4     
,the ,ray took the ,prince away to the  
king who rejoiced at his son's exploit1 
and in embracing his son felt the touch 

of the ,master's person as it were4     
,thenceforth the lucky ,prince was      
numbered among the ,master's bhaktas4   
,so did ,he pass ,his time blissfully in
 ceaseless sankirtan with ,his          
followers4 ,he was feasted with ,his    
companions by the ,acharya and others   
successively4 ,thus some time passed and
 the day of the ,car ,festival          
approached4 ,at the outset ,he called   
for ,kashi ,mishra1 the ,parichha       
minister and ,sarvabhauma1 and smilingly
 said1 ,i beg to undertake the service  
of cleansing the ,gundicha temple4 ,the 
,parichha replied1 ,we are all your     
servants1 bound to do whatever you wish 
for4 ,on me has been laid the special   
command of my king to quickly perform   
whatever you bid4 ,cleaning the temple  
is not a task worthy of you2 but it is  
one of your playful acts2 do whatever   
you like4 ,but many pitchers and brooms 
will be required4 ,permit me to bring   
them here to-day4 ,so he delivered to   
the ,master a hundred new pitchers and  

brooms4  ,next morning the ,master      
rubbed ,his followers over with         
sandal-paste1 gave each a broom and went
 with them to the ,gundicha temple to   
clean it4 ,first ,he swept and cleaned  
the inside1 the roof1 and the throne4   
,the two temples1 large and small1 were 
swept and washed1 and then the          
dancing-hall in front4 ,the hundred     
bhaktas plied their brooms1 the ,master 
in the middle guiding them by ,his own  
manner of sweeping4 ,following ,him they
 gleefully chanted ,krishna's name while
 at work4 ,the dust covered ,his fair   
form2 now and then ,his tears washed the
 ground4 ,the god's dining-hall was     
swept and then the court-yard4 ,at last 
all the rooms were cleaned4 ,he made a  
bundle of the collection of straw1 dust 
and pebbles in ,his outer clothing and  
threw them outside4 ,so did ,his        
followers1 too4 ,the ,master said1 ,i   
shall learn the amount of the labour    
done by each from the size of his bundle
 of sweepings4 ,so their bundles were   

heaped together1 but the ,master's own  
bundle was seen to exceed the entire    
heap4  ,after cleansing the interior1   
,he divided the work again among them1  
telling them to make the place          
thoroughly tidy by removing all the fine
 dust1 small straws and gravel4 ,he     
rejoiced to see the cleansing finished a
 second time by ,his party of           
,vaishnavs4 ,a hundred other followers  
had been waiting with a hundred pitchers
 of water from the outset1 for their    
turn4 ,as soon as the ,master called for
 water they placed the hundred pots     
before ,him4 ,he first washed the       
temple1 top-floor1 wall1 and the throne 
in the interior4 ,the water was dashed  
in earthen cups on to the top1 and thus 
the upper walls were washed4 ,he        
,himself washed the throne1 while the   
bhaktas washed the inner shrine1 and    
scrubbed it with their own hands4 ,some 
poured water on the ,master's hands1    
some on ,his feet1 and some covertly    
drank up the water 7so consecrated74    

,some begged this water from others4    
,after the temple had been cleansed they
 poured water into the drain and thus   
the court-yard was submerged4 ,with ,his
 own cloth the ,master wiped the        
building and the throne4 ,it took a     
hundred pitchers of water to wash the   
temple4  ,the purified temple became    
spotless1 cool and delicious1 like ,his 
own mind laid bare to view4 ,a hundred  
filled their pitchers at the tank1 or1  
if crowded out1 at the well4 ,a hundred 
bhaktas brought the filled pitchers in1 
while another hundred ran off with the  
empty ones4 ,only ,nityananda1 ,adwaita1
 ,swarup1 the ,bharati1 and the ,puri   
did not draw water4 7,in their hurry7   
many pitchers were knocked together and 
broken1 but men brought hundreds of new 
pots to replace them4 ,they shouted     
,krishna6 ,krishna6 as they filled their
 pots1 or broke them1 delivered the     
filled pitchers or begged for new ones4 
,no other word was uttered there2       
,krishna's name became a mystic word to 

express all their different purposes4   
,in ecstasy of devotion the ,master     
chanted ,krishna's name and did alone   
the work of a hundred men1 as if ,he had
 put forth a hundred arms in washing and
 scrubbing4 ,he also went up to each to 
instruct him1 praising those whose tasks
 were well done and gravely chiding     
those who were slovenly4 ,you have done 
well1 teach others to do the like1--at  
these words of ,his they were put on the
 alert and did their work with all their
 heart4 ,then they washed the           
,jagmohan#a the dining room1 the        
dancing-hall1 the court-yard1 the       
kitchen1 the environs of the temple1 and
 all nooks and private places4  ,just   
then an honest simple ,bengali emptied  
his pitcher at the ,master's feet and   
drank the water4 ,at this the ,master   
turned angry and sorry4 ,he inly felt   
pleased1 but for the instruction of     
others outwardly professed anger1       
calling out to ,swarup ,look at the     
conduct of your ,gauriya4 ,he has washed

 my feet in ,god's temple and drunk the 
water4 ,from this sin where can ,i hope 
for salvation8 ,your ,bengal man has    
caused me this misery4 ,then ,swarup    
took the man by the nape of his neck1   
shoved him out of the temple1 and on his
 return entreated the ,master to pardon 
the man4 ,the ,master was now satisfied4
 ,he seated all in two rows and sat in  
the middle1 picking up straws and       
brambles with ,his own hands4 ,i shall  
see what a heap the gleaning of each can
 make4 ,he whose collection is small    
must forfeit his cake and syrup to me6  
,thus was the temple made clean1 cool   
and pure1 like ,his own mind4 ,the water
 running down the drain looked like a   
new river flowing to the ocean4  ,he    
then cleansed the ,man-lion temple in   
and out1 rested a little1 and then set  
up dancing4 ,and in the same manner ,he 
swept the roads in front of the temple4 
,the bhaktas danced around1 while the   
,master danced in their midst like a    
raging lion1 perspiring1 trembling1     

turning pale1 being thrilled1 and       
roaring4 ,after washing ,his body ,he   
marched in advance1 showering down      
tears1 while the bhaktas washed         
themselves clean1 like unto the deluge  
of rain from the clouds in the month of 
,shravan4 ,the loud sankirtan filled the
 sky1 the vigorous dance of the ,master 
shook the earth4 ,the resonant singing  
of ,swarup pleased the ,master1 who     
danced wildly in delight4 ,after dancing
 thus1 ,he took rest at the proper time4
  ,shri ,gopal1 the son of the ,acharya1
 when allowed by the ,master to dance1  
was so overcome by devotion that he fell
 down in a fit4 ,the father hurriedly   
took him up in his arms1 and was        
afflicted to see his breathing stopped4 
,uttering with a sky-splitting roar the 
spell of ,nrisingha he dashed water on  
the youth's face4 ,but the youth did not
 regain consciousness1 in spite of all  
their efforts4 ,the ,acharya wept1 the  
bhaktas wept too4 ,then the ,master laid
 ,his hand on the youth's breast and    

cried out1 ,rise ,gopal6 and lo6 at the 
cry ,gopal came round4 ,the bhaktas     
danced chanting ,hari's name4  ,after a 
short rest1 the ,master disported with  
,his followers in the tank4 ,on rising  
from the water ,he put on dry clothes1  
bowed to ,nrisingha1 and went to sit in 
the garden1 with ,his followers around  
,him4 ,then ,vaninath1 accompanied by   
,kashi ,mishra and ,tulsi ,parichha1    
brought to ,him the maha-prasad1 rice1  
cakes1 and syrup1 enough to feed five   
hundred men4 ,the ,master delighted at  
the sight4 ,on the terrace ,he sat down 
to meal with the ,puri1 ,brahmananda    
,bharati1 ,adwaita ,acharya1            
,nityananda1 ,acharya-,ratna1           
,acharya-,nidhi1 ,shribas1 ,gadadhar1   
,shankar ,nyayacharya1 ,raghav1         
,vakreshwar and ,sarvabhauma4 ,then the 
bhaktas sat down in the successive      
terraces below them1 in due order4 ,the 
garden was filled with them4 ,the       
,master repeatedly called for ,haridas1 
who from afar off replied1 ,partake of  

thy repast with the bhaktas1 ,master4 ,i
 am all too unworthy to sit with thee4  
,govinda will afterwards give me prasad 
outside the gate4 ,knowing his intent1  
the ,master did not press him further4  
,the food was served up by ,swarup1     
,jagadananda1 ,damodar1 ,kashishwar1    
,gopinath1 ,vaninath and ,shankar1 while
 the bhaktas shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 at   
intervals4 ,the ,master remembered the  
picnic on the ,jamuna bank which        
,krishna had held of yore4 ,he checked1 
as inopportune1 the rapture of devotion 
which seized ,his mind 7at the thought71
 and said1 ,serve me with sauce and fry 
only1 and let the bhaktas have the      
sweets4 ,being omniscient ,he knew who  
liked which dish1 and directed ,swarup  
to serve each according to his taste4   
,jagadananda1 in the course of his      
serving1 dropped sweet things unawares  
on the ,master's plate1 and though the  
,master angrily protested1 he supplied  
more by force or cunning1 as such       
serving was his delight4 ,as            

,jagadananda came there on his rounds   
again and gazed at the sweets he had    
served before1 the ,master in fear of   
him ate a little of them1 lest          
,jagadananda should himself fast6       
,swarup with his hands full of sweet    
prasad stood before the ,master praying 
,taste a little of this maha-prasad and 
see what ,jagannath has eaten6 ,he      
placed them on the plate1 and the       
,master moved by his kindness1 ate a    
little4 ,thus did these two bhaktas     
repeatedly show their wonderful tender  
regard for ,him4 ,sarvabhauma1 who sat  
at the ,master's side1 smiled at their  
loving conduct4 ,the ,master ordered    
sweets to be served to ,sarvabhauma and 
repeatedly pressed him to eat4 ,gopinath
 ,acharya placed nice dishes before     
,sarvabhauma and said sweetly1          
,bhattacharya6 where is your former line
 of conduct now8 ,whence do you feel    
such supreme bliss8 ,answer me that4    
,sarvabhauma replied1 ,i was a          
sophistical disputant4 ,your grace has  

made me attain to this fortune4 ,the    
,master is the only ,gracious ,one4 ,who
 else could have turned a crow 7like me7
 into a garuda 7the favourite bird of   
,vishnu78 ,formerly ,i used to howl with
 the sophist jackals1 and now out of the
 same mouth ,i utter ,krishna's name6   
,what was my former concourse with      
externalist logician disciples1 and what
 is this society of saints like merging 
in the ocean waves6 ,the ,master said1  
,your devotion to ,krishna had already  
matured 7before ,i met you74 ,it is your
 society that has made us all devoted to
 ,krishna6 ,there is none like the      
,master1 in the three worlds1 to exalt  
the glory of the bhakta and to soothe a 
bhakta's heart4 ,then the ,master sent  
cakes and syrup from the leavings of    
,his plate1 to each bhakta by name4     
,adwaita and ,nityananda1 sitting       
together began a mock quarrel1 the      
former saying1 ,i have dined in the same
 row with a hermit 7abadhut74 ,who knows
 what my fate will be in the next world8

 ,the ,master ,himself is a sannyasi1   
and as such is above defilement from    
food-contact 7with a casteless man like 
an abadhut71 for so the ,shastras say4  
,but ,i am a ,brahman householder1 and  
therefore liable to defilement4 ,it has 
been a great sin on my part to dine in  
the same row with a man whose birth1    
pedigree1 conduct and character are     
unknown to me6  ,nityananda replied1    
,you are ,adwaita ,acharya4 ,according  
to the theory of ,adwaita system        
7,monism71 the duty is abstract bhakti4 
,he who accepts your theory recognizes  
only one principle and no second4 ,with 
such a person as you have ,i dined6 ,i  
know not what led me to join your       
company4 ,so they wrangled1 really      
praising one another in the garb of     
abuse4  ,after the dinner1 the          
,vaishnavs rose up shouting ,hari loudly
 enough to split earth and heaven4 ,the 
,master gave to each of them a garland  
with ,his own hand4 ,next the waiters1  
,swarup and the other six1 sat down to  

their repast within the room4 ,govinda  
laid aside the leavings of the ,master's
 plate1 to be given to ,haridas4 ,the   
bhaktas and even ,govinda himself took a
 little of this hallowed food4 ,various 
are the sports of the free ,god1 such as
 this ceremony of washing and cleaning4 
,for a fortnight the people had been    
denied sight of the god ,jagannath while
 his image was being painted anew2 and  
their grief changed into joy when1 at   
the expiry of the period1 the           
eye-painting 7i4e41 the last stage7     
being over1 they could again see him4   
,the ,master went thither with all ,his 
followers4 ,first marched ,kashishwar1  
making a lane through the crowd1 next   
went ,govinda with a bowl of water4 ,in 
front of the ,master walked the ,puri   
and the ,bharati1 and by ,his side      
,swarup and ,adwaita1 the other bhaktas 
bringing up the rear4 ,anxiously did ,he
 go to ,jagannath's temple and in       
passion of longing stepped beyond the   
rules1 asking to see the fair face of   

the god in the dining room4 ,the thirsty
 eyes of the ,master ardently drank in  
the face of ,krishna1 like a pair of    
bees sucking in a lotus4 ,the god's eyes
 surpassed the blooming lotus in beauty1
 his cheeks flashed radiance like a     
polished turquoise mirror1 his lower lip
 was sweet as the ,bandhuli flower1 a   
light smile spread a ripple of nectar   
over his form4 ,as the bhaktas gazed on1
 the charm of the god's countenance     
increased every moment2 their thirst    
increased with its gratification2 their 
eyes could not move from that face4     
,thus did the ,master with ,his         
following gaze at the god till noon1    
perspiring1 trembling1 weeping          
incessantly1 and again checking these   
outbursts in order to have a clearer    
view of the deity4 ,at the time of bhog 
,he began to sing kirtan1 forgetful of  
everything else in the bliss of gazing4 
,the bhaktas led ,him back to ,his      
quarters at noon4 ,the servitors offered
 to the god a double quantity of prasad1

 knowing that the ,car ,festival would  
take place next morning4 ,text1 canto   
#ab4  #a ,a quadrangle in front of the  
inner shrine1 where the worshippers     
stand when gazing on the idol4          
,,chapter ,,xi  ,the ,dance before      
,jagannath's ,car4  ,next day the       
,master took care to bathe with ,his    
followers before it was dawn4 ,pratap   
,rudra himself accompanied by his ,court
 showed the ,master's bhaktas the       
ceremony of ,jagannath leaving his      
throne to take his seat in the car4     
,girt round by ,adwaita1 ,nityananda and
 other bhaktas1 the ,master delightedly 
witnessed the scene4 ,the stout pandas  
attendants on an idol like so many wild 
elephants1 conveyed ,jagannath in their 
arms1 some holding the god's neck and   
some his feet4 ,a strong thick rope was 
fastened to his waist1 and the pandas   
raised the image by pulling at the two  
ends of the rope4 ,thick and high heaps 
of cotton were placed at different      
points1 and the god was raised from one 

and quickly rested on another of them2  
but the touch of his feet broke up the  
heaps and scattered the cotton with a   
loud sound4 7,in fact7 ,jagannath       
supports the universe2 who can move him8
 ,he moves of his own will1 to disport  
himself4 ,shouts of ,great ,lord6       
,master6 ,master6 rose up1 but nothing  
could be heard amidst the clang of many 
instruments of music4 ,then ,pratap     
,rudra1 with his own hands1 swept the   
path with a golden broom-stick1 and     
sprinkled sandal water on the ground4   
,he was a king accustomed to sit on the 
throne1 but in as much as being so high 
he did such lowly services1 he gained   
,jagannath's grace4 ,the ,master        
rejoiced at the sight1 and this lowly   
service of the king gained for him the  
,master's regard4  ,men marvelled as    
they beheld the trappings of the car4   
,it was covered with fresh gold and high
 as the ,sumeru mountain4 ,hundreds of  
fly-whiskers and polished mirrors hung  
from it2 above were flags and a pure    

canopy4 ,the ghagar rattled1 bells      
jingled on it4 ,many coloured silk      
cloths covered it4 ,jagannath mounted   
one car1 ,subhadra and ,balaram two     
others4  ,for fifteen days had          
,jagannath remained 7behind a screen71  
dallying in secret with ,lakshmi1 and   
now with her leave he came out for a    
ride in his car to give delight to his  
adorers4 ,the fine white sand on the    
road suggested a river bank1 and the    
gardens on both sides made the place    
look like ,brindaban4 ,jagannath went   
along in his car1 pleased with what he  
saw on both sides4 ,bengali athletes    
dragged the car joyfully4 ,it sped at   
one time1 slackened at another1 and     
sometimes stopped altogether4 ,in fact  
it moved of its own will1 and not under 
the force of men4  ,then the ,master    
with ,his own hands gave to the bhaktas 
sandal paste and garlands ,then ,he     
divided the chanters 7kirtanias7 into   
four parties1 consisting in all of #bd  
singers and eight men playing on the    

khol1 their chiefs being ,swarup and    
,shribas4 ,then ,he bade ,nityananda1   
,adwaita1 ,haridas1 and ,vakreshwar     
dance4 ,in the first party ,swarup was  
the leading singer1 while the other five
 were ,damodar1 ,narayan1 ,govinda      
,datta1 ,raghav ,pandit and ,shri       
,govindananda2 with them danced         
,adwaita4 ,of the second party the      
spokesman was ,shribas1 his followers   
being ,gangadas1 ,haridas1 ,shriman1    
,shuvananda1 and ,shri ,ram ,pandit4    
,here danced ,nityananda4 ,mukunda led  
the third party1 consisting of ,vasudev1
 ,gopinath1 ,murari1 ,shrikanta1 and    
,vallabh ,sen1 with ,haridas ,thakur as 
the dancer4 ,the fourth party was       
composed of ,haridas1 ,vishnudas1       
,raghav1 ,madhav ,ghosh and his brother 
,vasudev ,ghosh1 their leader being     
,govinda ,ghosh1 and their dancer       
,vakreshwar ,pandit4 ,other parties of  
kirtan singers were formed by the       
pilgrims from the ,kulin village1 7with 
,ramananda and ,satyaraj as their       

dancers71 the ,acharyas of ,shantipur   
7with ,achyutananda as their dancer71   
the men of ,khand 7with ,narahari and   
,shri ,raghunandan as their dancers74   
,in short four parties preceded the car 
of ,jagannath1 two walked on the flanks1
 and one in the rear4 ,these seven      
parties played on #ad khols in all1 the 
music of which maddened the ,vaishnavs  
present4 ,the cloud of ,vaishnav        
enthusiasm melted in showers1 their eyes
 dropped tears along with the nectar of 
kirtan4 ,the shout of kirtan filled the 
three worlds and drowned all other      
sounds4 ,the ,master visited the seven  
positions shouting ,hari and ,glory to  
,jagannath6 with uplifted arms4         
,another miracle did ,he manifest3 at   
the same moment ,he was present with all
 the seven parties1 so that each cried  
out1 ,the ,master is with us4 ,out of   
,his grace for us ,he has not gone      
elsewhere4 ,no one can describe the     
inscrutable power of the ,master1 only  
the pure-souled esoteric bhakta can know

 it4  ,jagannath1 pleased with the      
sankirtan1 stopped his car4 ,at this    
,pratap ,rudra marvelled exceedingly and
 became overcome with excess of         
devotion4 ,he spoke of the ,master's    
greatness to ,kashi ,mishra1 who        
replied1 ,you are1 ,o ,king1 fortunate  
beyond limit4 ,the king and ,sarvabhauma
 exchanged glances1 as none else knew   
the secret manipulation of              
,chaitanya2--only those whom ,he favours
 can know ,him2 without ,his grace even 
,brahma cannot recognize ,him4 ,he had  
been delighted with the lowly service   
done by the king1 and for that reason   
had revealed ,his mystery to him4 ,true1
 ,he had shown ,himself to the king only
 indirectly2 but who can pierce through 
this illusion of ,chaitanya8            
,sarvabhauma and ,kashi ,mishra were    
amazed at the grace shown to the king4  
,thus did the ,master play for some     
time1 singing and making ,his followers 
dance1 now assuming one form1 now many1 
ever putting forth ,his powers according

 to the work to be done4 ,in the ardour 
of play ,he forgot ,himself1 and wished 
not to put a stop to it4 ,every moment  
did ,he do supernatural feats1 as ,he   
had in a preceding birth performed rasa 
and other sports at ,brindaban4         
,dancing thus1 the ,master swept the    
people away on the wave of enthusiasm   
,as ,jagannath was going to the         
,gundicha garden-house1 the ,master     
performed kirtan before the god for a   
long time4 ,first ,he made ,his bhaktas 
dance1 and then1 wishing to dance       
,himself1 united the seven parties1     
placed nine men 7,shribas1 ,ramai1      
,raghu1 ,govinda1 ,mukunda1 ,haridas1   
,govindananda1 ,madhav1 and ,govinda7   
under ,swarup to sing and move in the   
,master's company1 while the other      
parties sang around ,him4 ,after bowing 
to ,jagannath1 with folded palms and    
uplifted face the ,master prayed3       
,salutation to ,shri ,krishna6 who is   
the divine ,god1 the protector of       
brahmans and kine1 and benefactor of the

 universe4 ,to ,krishna1 to ,govinda1 ,i
 bow again and again6 7,vishnu ,puran1  
pt4 ,i4 xix4 #dh47  ,victory attend     
,devaki's son1 the ,lamp of the ,vrishni
 race1 the lord6 ,deep blue like the    
clouds is his colour1 tender are his    
limbs4 ,he is the ,redeemer of the world
 from its load of sin4 ,victory to him6 
,victory6 7,padavali1 c4 #ajh47 ,also   
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xc4 #bd and ,padavali1 c4
 #fc4  ,reciting these verses the       
,master bowed low again1 while the      
bhaktas with folded palms adored ,god4  
,dancing impetuously with loud roars1   
,he moved in circles1 like a lathe4     
,wherever ,his feet touched the ground1 
the earth with its hills and oceans     
trembled4 ,he manifested stupor1        
perspiration1 joyous weeping1 tremour1  
turning pale1 all sorts of helplessness1
 pride1 exultation and humility4        
,stumbling ,he rolled on the ground1    
like a golden hill thrown on the earth4 
,nityananda and ,adwaita hastened to    
raise ,him up in their arms1 shouting   

,hari6 ,hari6 ,three circles were formed
 to keep the crowd back4 ,the first was 
formed by ,nityananda1 the second was   
composed of ,kashishwar1 ,mukunda and   
other bhaktas locking their hands       
together4 ,outside ,pratap ,rudra with  
his ministers formed another ring to    
keep the spectators in check4 ,the king1
 with his hand resting on the shoulder  
of his prime-minister1 was gazing in    
absorption at the ,master's dance4 ,as  
,shrinibas1 sunk in devotion1 was       
standing before the king1 the           
prime-minister touched him and said     
,step aside4 ,but ,shrinibas in the     
ardour of his dancing was forgetful of  
all else4 ,he was pushed repeatedly and 
at last grew angry and slapped the      
minister to stop his pushing4 ,at this  
the minister in anger wanted to rebuke  
him1 but ,pratap ,rudra checked him     
saying1 ,blessed art thou1 to be touched
 by him4 ,such happiness has not been my
 share6  ,not to speak of the people1   
even ,jagannath himself wondered at the 

dancing of the ,master1 stopped his car1
 and gazed at the dance with winkless   
eyes4 ,subhadra and ,balaram smiled in  
delight at the sight of the dance4 ,a   
strange change came over the ,master    
while dancing with all ,his might3 all  
the eight spiritual phases 7satwik bhab7
 manifested themselves at the same time4
 ,his hair stood on end1 with their     
roots in the skin bulging out1 like a   
,shimul tree girt round with thorns4    
,his teeth clashed together fearfully1  
as if they would be dislocated4 ,blood  
and sweat ran over ,his body4 ,he lisped
 ja--ja--ga--ga inarticulately4 ,his    
eyes poured down tears like syringes1   
and moistened the men around4 ,fair was 
,his complexion1 at times turning into  
rosy1 at times resembling the ,mallika  
flower4 ,at times ,he stood inert1 at   
times ,he rolled on the ground2 at times
 motionless like a dry wood1 at other   
times prostrate on the ground and       
breathing faintly1 to the alarm of ,his 
bhaktas4 ,at times water oozed out of   

,his eyes and nostrils and foam out of  
,his mouth1--as the moon sheds bubbles  
of nectar4 ,shuvananda1 mad with passion
 for ,krishna1 collected and drank up   
that froth2 highly fortunate was he4    
,after dancing violently for some time  
the ,master wished to manifest another  
mood4 ,leaving the dance ,he bade       
,swarup sing4 ,swarup1 knowing ,his     
taste1 began1--  ,i have met the lord of
 my life1 ,for whose sake ,i had been   
withering in the fire of ,cupid4        
,loudly did ,swarup sing this burden1   
while the ,master in delight danced     
tenderly4 ,slowly ,jagannath's car moved
 on1 ,shachi's son dancing before it4   
,with eyes fixed on ,jagannath all      
danced and sang4 7,at times7 the ,master
 walked behind the car with the party1  
of kirtan singers1--,his arms making the
 action of song4 ,when ,chaitanya lagged
 behind1 ,jagannath stopped his car2    
when the ,master walked ahead the god   
propelled his car slowly4 ,thus did the 
two urge each other on6  ,in the course 

of dancing another change of mood came  
over the ,master3 with uplifted arms ,he
 loudly recited the following stanza4   
7,kavya-prakash1 ,i4 canto #d and also  
,padavali c4 #chj74  ,again and again   
did ,he read the stanza1 of which the   
meaning was known to ,swarup only4 ,it  
meant in effect that as the milkmaids at
 ,kurukshetra were delighted to see     
,krishna1 so was the ,master gratified  
at the sight of ,jagannath4 ,under that 
emotion ,he had the burden sung 7by     
,swarup74 ,at last ,radha prays to      
,krishna1 ,you are the same beloved and 
,i am the same lover1 as during your    
incarnation as ,krishna1 and yet        
,brindaban steals my heart4 ,appear at  
,brindaban again6 ,here there are crowds
 and the din and bustle of elephants1   
horses and chariots2--there only flowery
 woodlands1 the bee's murmur1 the       
cuckoo's cooing6 ,here you are dressed  
as a ,king girt round by warriors1 there
 you were a cow-boy1 in the company of  
flute players6 ,here ,i have not a drop 

of the ocean of bliss ,i used to taste  
in thy society at ,brindaban4 ,take me  
with thee to dally at ,brindaban again4 
,thus only can my heart be gratified4   
,in the ardour of ,his devotion the     
,master recited the stanzas of the      
,bhagabat1 voicing ,radhika's longing4  
,but other people could not understand  
the verses2 ,swarup alone knew their    
meaning but spoke not4 7,afterwards7    
,rup ,goswami proclaimed the sense4     
7,vide ,bhagabat ,x4 lxxxii4 #ce and    
#ca74  ,in ,swarup's company had the    
,master day and night enjoyed the sense 
of these verses in ,his house4 ,during  
,his dance the same emotion overcame    
,him2 so ,he recited the stanzas and    
danced gazing at ,jagannath4            
,swarup1--fortunate beyond expression in
 being absorbed body and soul in the    
,master1--sang1 while the ,master drank 
in his music in abstraction4 ,under     
passion's sway the ,master sat down and 
with bowed head traced letters on the   
ground with ,his finger4 ,lest ,his     

finger should be hurt1 ,swarup prevented
 ,him4 ,swarup's song was in exact      
accord with the ,master's emotion2 he   
gave a vocal shape to every mood of the 
,master's heart4  ,as ,he gazed at      
,jagannath's lotus-like face1 flashing  
in the sunlight1 his beautiful eyes1 his
 perfumes1 robes1 garlands and          
ornaments1 the ocean of joy surged up in
 the ,master's heart1 a wild storm swept
 through ,him2 rapture and wildness     
raised a tumult1 the different emotions 
fought in ,him like hostile armies4 ,a  
passion rose1 a passion subsided1 it    
came to terms with another1 and at last 
,his normal mood of spirituality        
7satwik7 asserted itself4 ,the ,master's
 body was a pure hill of gold2 ,his     
emotion a tree with every flower in     
bloom4 ,the sight drew the hearts of    
all2 with the nectar of love ,he        
moistened their minds4 ,all the         
servitors of ,jagannath1 all the        
courtiers of the king1 the pilgrims1 and
 the residents of ,puri1--all marvelled 

at the ,master's dance and rapture1 and 
all felt devotion to ,krishna4 ,in      
enthusiasm they danced1 sang1 and set up
 a din4 ,the pilgrims by joining the    
dance increased the happiness fourfold4 
,jagannath hiniself moved on slowly to  
witness the ,master's dance4  ,thus     
dancing1 the ,master advanced to where  
,pratap ,rudra stood1 and was about to  
fall down when the king held ,him up4   
,on seeing him the ,master recovered    
composure and cried shame on ,himself   
for having touched a ,king1 a worldling1
 adding1 ,in his rapture ,nityananda has
 ceased to be heedful of me4            
,kashishwar1 ,govinda and others1 too1  
are at a distance4 ,true1 the ,master   
had been pleased to see ,pratap ,rudra  
numbly serving ,jagannath as a sweeper1 
and had meant to meet the king1 yet ,he 
professed anger in order to warn ,his   
followers against consorting with       
worldly-minded men4 ,the king grieved at
 the ,master's speech1 but ,sarvabhauma 
told him not to lose heart1 ,the ,master

 is pleased with you2 ,he is only       
instructing ,his followers by means of  
you4 ,i shall seize a proper time for   
entreating ,him4 ,you will then go and  
meet ,him4  ,then the ,master walked    
round the car1 and standing behind it   
pushed it with ,his head4 ,at ,his push 
the car ran on with a clatter2 the      
people around shouted ,hari6 ,hari6     
,next the ,master led ,his followers    
away to dance before the cars of        
,subhadra and ,balaram1 and when that   
was done ,he returned to dance before   
,jagannath's car4 ,so the cars reached  
,balgandi1 where they stopped1 and      
,jagannath looked on both sides3 on the 
left were the abodes of ,brahmans in    
cocoanut groves1 on the right a flower  
garden resembling ,brindaban4 ,it is the
 rule that ,jagannath breakfasts here on
 ten million dishes4 ,every devotee of  
,jagannath1 whatever his position1      
offers his best food to the god4 ,the   
king1 his wives1 ministers and          
courtiers1 all citizens of ,puri1 great 

and small1 the pilgrims from various    
lands1 the people of the province1 all  
offered him their respective bhog4 ,no  
order was observed1 each deposited his  
offering of food in front1 behind1 on   
the two sides of the god1 or in the     
garden1 wherever he could find a spot4  
,the crowd grew immense at the time of  
the bhog1 and so the ,master stopped    
dancing and entered the garden1 where   
,he lay prostrate on the veranda of the 
garden house1 overcome with love2 the   
exertion of dancing made ,him perspire  
copiously and ,he enjoyed the fragrant  
cool wind4 ,all the bhaktas who had been
 singing kirtan came and rested under   
the trees4 ,text1 canto #ac4            
,,chapter ,,xii  ,the ,hora-,panchami   
,procession of ,lakshmi  ,as the ,master
 lay thus in the trance of love1 ,pratap
 ,rudra entered the garden alone1       
casting off his royal robes and dressed 
as a common ,vaishnav1 according to the 
advice of ,sarvabhauma4 ,with folded    
hands he took permission of every bhakta

 and then mustered enough courage to    
fall down clasping the ,master's feet4  
,the ,master lay on the ground1 ,his    
eyes closed in love2 the king eagerly   
nursed ,his feet4 ,pratap ,rudra recited
 the stanzas of the ,rasa dance1        
7,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxxi4 i74 ,infinite was 
the ,master's delight as ,he heard the  
verses1 and ,he repeatedly cried ,go on4
 ,when the king proceeded to the stanza 
beginning with ,the nectar-like         
discourse of thee1 the ,master in       
devotion rose up and embraced the king1 
saying ,you have given me many priceless
 gems4 ,i have nothing to give in       
return1 save this embrace4 ,so saying   
,he read the verses over and over again1
 both quivering and showering tears4    
,the nectar-like discourse of thee1 ,o  
darling6 is life to the afflicted1 the  
theme of praise to sages1 and the       
antidote to sin4 ,the hearing of it does
 good and gives peace4 ,blessed are they
 who spread it far and wide on earth1   
for they are truly givers of much alms4 

7,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxxi4 #i74  ,crying the 
'giver of much alms'1 the ,master       
embraced the king1 not knowing now who  
he was4 ,the king's lowly service had   
won for him the ,master's pity1 who now 
made him a gift of ,his grace without   
any inquiry4 ,lo6 the power of          
,chaitanya's grace1 which bears fruit   
without questioning4 ,the ,master asked1
 ,who art thou1 my benefactor1 that hast
 poured by surprise into my ears the    
nectar of ,krishna's deeds8 ,the king   
replied1 ,i am the slave of thy slaves4 
,my only desire is that you may make me 
the servant of your servants4 ,then the 
,master revealed ,his godhead to the    
king1 forbidding him to tell it to      
anybody4 ,though knowing everything at  
heart1 ,he outwardly showed as if ,he   
did not know that the visitor was a     
king4 ,the bhaktas extolled the king for
 his good fortune4 ,pratap ,rudra took  
leave after prostrating him self1 and   
then with folded palms bowed to all the 
bhaktas1 and went away4 ,at noon the    

,master with ,his followers breakfasted 
on the plentiful prasad sent by the king
 by the hands of ,vaninath1 ,sarvabhauma
 and ,ramananda4 ,the prasad from the   
,balgandi bhog was excellent and of     
infinite variety1 but none of them was  
cooked food4 ,details of the dishes4 4 4
 4  ,knowing the fatigue of the kirtan  
singers1 ,chaitanya resolved to feast   
them4 ,he seated them in rows and began 
to serve the food ,himself4 ,each man   
was given one leaf and ten cups of ,keya
 leaves4 ,swarup informed ,him that as  
none would dine before the ,master1 ,he 
ought to sit down to meal4 ,then the    
,master sat down with ,his circle and   
fed all to their fill4 ,the excess of   
prasad that was left over sufficed to   
feed a thousand men4 ,govinda1 at the   
,master's bidding1 brought in beggars to
 eat this food4 ,at the sight of the    
beggars feast the ,master taught them to
 chant ,hari's name1 and they were      
carried away on the stream of love as   
they shouted ,hari-bol4  ,now came the  

time for dragging the car of ,jagannath4
 ,the ,bengal athletes pulled at the    
rope1 but the car did not move4 ,so they
 gave up the work in despair4 ,the king 
and his ,court hastened thither in      
alarm4 ,he set the wrestlers to draw the
 car and applied his own hand to it2 but
 still the car did not move4 ,then      
powerful elephants were harnessed to the
 car1 but it did not advance a step in  
spite of their utmost efforts4 ,hearing 
this the ,master arrived with ,his      
followers and gazed at the furious      
elephants pulling at the car4 ,the      
elephants shrieked at the blows of the  
goad1 but the car stirred not1 and the  
people lamented4  ,then the ,master took
 away the elephants1 gave the ropes to  
,his followers1 and ,himself pushed the 
car from behind with ,his head4 ,the car
 sped along rattling4 ,the bhaktas      
merely held the ropes2 they had not     
really to pull1 as the car advanced of  
itself4 ,in delight the people shouted  
,glory6 ,glory to ,jagannath6 ,no other 

sound was heard4 ,in a twinkle the car  
reached the gate of the ,gundicha       
garden1 the people marvelling at the    
power of ,chaitanya4 ,they set up a roar
 of ,glory to ,gaurchandra6 ,glory to   
,krishna-,chaitanya6 ,at the sight of   
the ,master's might1 ,pratap ,rudra and 
his courtiers swelled with enthusiasm4  
,then the servitors performed the       
ceremony of dismounting ,jagannath from 
his car and conveying him to the        
,gundicha people4 ,the three images were
 placed on their thrones1 and the       
ceremony of the gods bath and dinner    
commenced4 ,the ,master began a joyous  
dance and kirtan in the courtyard in    
delight4 ,his love welled out in        
blissfulness1 and the sight of it swept 
away the beholders in a torrent of love4
 ,in the evening ,he witnessed the      
adoration with lamps1 and came to the   
,ai-tota garden for reposing4 ,adwaita  
and eight other leading followers       
invited ,him for nine days4 ,among the  
rest as many got a chance of            

entertaining ,him as there were days in 
the four months1 while the rank and file
 of ,his followers had a day free for   
each individually2 so two or three of   
them combined to give ,him a joint      
entertainment on one day4  ,thus did the
 ,master play at dining out4 ,after ,his
 morning bath ,he visited ,jagannath1   
where ,he danced and sang with ,his     
followers1 now bidding ,adwaita dance1  
now ,nityananda1 ,haridas1              
,achyutananda1 ,vakreshwar or some other
 bhakta4 ,thrice in the day did ,he sing
 kirtan in the ,gundicha garden1        
imagining that ,krishna had come to     
,brindaban and that the period of       
separation was over4 ,cherishing in ,his
 heart the idea that ,krishna was then  
dallying with ,radha there1 ,he remained
 absorbed in that emotion 7of           
gratification71 acting in many gardens  
the feats of ,krishna at ,brindaban1    
disporting in the tank of ,indradyumna1 
splashing ,his bhaktas with water1 while
 they splashed ,him from all sides1 now 

forming one circle1 now many1 and       
clapping their hands while croaking like
 frogs4 ,sometimes a pair of them       
wrestled in the water1 the ,master      
looking on to see who would win4        
,adwaita and ,nityananda tried to       
overwhelm each other with water2 the    
former was beaten and vented his        
feelings in abuse4 ,vidyanidhi struggled
 with ,swarup1 ,shribas with ,gadadhar1 
,raghav ,pandit with ,vakreshwar1       
,sarvabhauma with ,ramananda ,ray4 ,the 
gravity of the last two disappeared and 
they became boys again6 ,seeing their   
excitement the ,master smiled and said  
to ,gopinath ,acharya1 ,both are grave  
scholars and venerable men1 but they are
 acting like wild boys4 ,stop them4     
,gopinath replied1 ,when the ocean of   
your grace surges up1 a single drop of  
it can easily drown tall mountains like 
,meru and ,mandar1 what to speak of     
these two small stones8 ,it is thy grace
 only that has given the nectar of lila 
to one whose life was formerly spent in 

chewing the dry husks of logical        
disputation4 ,laughing1 the ,master     
brought ,adwaita there and made him lie 
on his back on the water like the       
,shesha serpent1 while ,he ,himself     
reclined on him 7like ,vishnu74 ,thus   
did ,he act the lila of ,vishnu reposing
 on the serpent4 ,adwaita1 putting forth
 his strength1 began to float on the    
water bearing the ,master4  ,after      
disporting in the water for some time   
,he returned with ,his followers to the 
,ai-tota4 ,at the ,acharya's house ,he  
dined with ,his leading followers4 ,the 
prasad brought by ,vaninath served to   
feed the other followers4 ,in the       
evening ,he visited the god and danced  
before him1 and at night returned to the
 garden to sleep4  ,in the garden1 in   
company with ,his bhaktas ,he sported as
 at ,brindaban4 ,the trees and creepers 
blossomed at ,his sight1 the bee and the
 black-bird sang1 the zephyr blew4      
,under each tree ,he danced1 ,vasudev   
,datta alone singing4 ,each 7bhakta7    

sang under a different tree2 ,chaitanya 
alone danced in supreme rapture4 ,then  
,he bade ,vakreshwar dance1 while ,he   
sang4 ,swarup and other kirtanias joined
 the ,master in singing1 forgetful of   
all else in the vehemence of their love4
  ,after performing this woodland sport1
 ,he went to the ,narendra tank for     
water-sport4 ,then ,he returned to the  
garden and dined out with ,his bhaktas4 
,for the nine days that ,jagannath      
remained at ,gundicha1 such was the     
,master's life4 ,he lodged in the large 
flower garden named ,jagannath-vallabh4 
,when the time came for the ceremony of 
,hora-,panchami1 the king spoke         
earnestly to ,kashi ,mishra1 ,to-morrow 
is ,hora-,panchami1 the day of          
,lakshmi's triumph4 ,let the celebration
 be of unprecedented splendour1 so that 
the ,master may be filled with wonder4  
,let extraordinary arrangements be made 
for the ceremony4 ,let coloured cloths1 
bells1 fly-whiskers and umbrellas be    
brought out of my wardrobe as well as   

,jagannath's1 and let the flagstaff1    
flag1 bell1 c4 be decorated4 ,let       
7,lakshmi's7 litter be set forth with   
varied music and dance4 ,the expenditure
 should be double 7the ordinary71 so    
that the ceremony may eclipse the ,car  
festival4 ,act so that the ,master may  
be drawn to come out with ,his followers
 to behold it4  ,next morning the       
,master with ,his party visited         
,jagannath at ,gundicha1 and then       
returned to the temple eager to behold  
the ,hora-,panchami festival4 ,kashi    
,mishra with great honour seated the    
,master and ,his party in a good        
position4 ,chaitanya wished to hear     
about a particular emotion and smilingly
 asked ,swarup1 ,though ,jagannath lives
 at ,dwaraka1 manifesting his natural   
be-pretext of a ride in his car4 ,from  
the temple he goes to visit ,brindaban4 
,the parks here resemble ,brindaban2 he 
longs to see them therefore1 and leaves 
his temple on the pretext of a ride in  
his car4 ,from the temple he goes to    

,gundicha and there disports day and    
night in the many gardens4 ,but why does
 he not take ,lakshmi with him8 ,swarup 
answered1 ,listen1 ,master1 to the      
reason4 ,lakshmi has no access to       
,brindaban1 as ,krishna's playmates     
there are milk-maids4 ,so none but the  
latter can ravish ,krishna's heart4 ,the
 ,master continued1 ,krishna sets out on
 the plea of a ride4 ,subhadra and      
,baladev accompany him4 ,his dalliance  
with the milk-maids is done in secret in
 the parks1 unknown to others4 ,krishna 
does not overt offence4 ,why then does  
,lakshmi fly into a rage at his journey 
to ,gundicha8 ,swarup replied1 ,such is 
the nature of a loving mistress4        
,indifference on the part of her        
sweetheart rouses her anger4  ,just then
 ,lakshmi arrived in an angry mood at   
the ,lion ,gate1 riding a golden litter 
set with many gems1 and accompanied by  
rows of men bearing flags1 fly-whiskers1
 umbrellas and standards1 with many     
musicians1 and preceded by the dedicated

 dancing-girls 7devdasi74 ,a hundred    
richly dressed hand-maids bearing       
betel-leaf caskets1 goglets of water1   
fans and fly-whiskers1 and much display 
of wealth and retinue came in her train4
 ,her maids chained the chief servitors 
of ,jagannath and dragged them to her   
feet1 punishing them like thieves and   
fining them heavily4 ,she beat them till
 they almost fainted1 and abused them in
 feigned anger4 ,the ,master's followers
 laughed hiding their faces with their  
hands as they beheld the forwardness of 
,lakshmi and her maids4 ,swarup gave a  
long explanation of ,lakshmi's mood1    
with illustrative quotations from       
,sanskrit treatises on love4  ,at his   
words ,shribas laughed and said ,hark   
you1 ,damodar6 behold the vast wealth of
 my ,lakshmi4 ,brindaban can boast of   
only flowers1 leaves1 hills1 peacock    
plumes1 and the ,gunchha fruit4 ,and yet
 ,jagannath has gone to visit           
,brindaban6 ,lakshmi might naturally    
suspect ,krishna's motive in leaving    

such wealth for poor ,brindaban4 ,as he 
was laughing ,lakshmi turned to chastise
 him1 saying ,behold1 your god has left 
such splendour and gone to the ,gundicha
 garden for the sake of flowers1 leaves 
and fruits6 ,why does the chief of the  
wise act thus8 ,bring your lord before  
,lakshmi6 ,so saying1 ,lakshmi's        
handmaids brought the ,master's         
attendants tied with their waist-bands1 
made them bow at her mercy4 ,they beat  
7,jagannath's7 car with their sticks1   
and treated ,jagannath's officers like  
thieves1 until they cried with folded   
hands1 ,to-morrow shall we produce      
,jagannath before you4 ,then ,lakshmi   
was pacified and returned to her abode4 
4 4 ,swarup again shows ,lakshmi's      
conduct as natural in a true lover4     
,the ,master listened with absorption to
 his exposition of the pure emotion of  
,radha1 and began to dance in rapture   
while ,swarup sang4 ,sing on6 ,sing on6 
,he cried with ears on the alert4 ,his  
enthusiasm welled forth on hearing the  

song of the love-making at ,brindaban1  
and ,he flooded the village of ,puri    
with devotion4 ,lakshmi went back to her
 own place in time1 but the ,master     
danced on till the third quarter of the 
day4 ,the four parties grew tired with  
singing1 but ,his ardour became doubly  
intense4 ,under the influence of        
,radha's love ,he became an image of the
 passion4 ,nityananda seeing ,him from  
afar prayed to ,him1 but came not near  
in consideration of ,his ecstasy4 ,none 
but ,nityananda could hold the ,master  
and force ,him to stop dancing4 ,his    
ecstasy did not cease1 and the kirtan   
therefore had to continue4 ,so1 ,swarup 
by gesture informed ,him how the party  
was exhausted4 ,at this the ,master came
 to ,himself1 and returned to the       
garden4 ,after taking rest ,he had ,his 
midday bath and dined pleasantly with   
,his party on the many dishes sent from 
,jagannath's and ,lakshmi's prasad4 ,in 
the evening ,he bathed again and visited
 ,jagannath1 dancing and singing before 

the god4  ,he sported in the ,narendra  
tank with ,his bhaktas1 and held a      
picnic in the garden4 ,thus ,he spent   
eight days1 after which came the return 
journey of ,jagannath in his car to his 
temple1 at which the ,master in supreme 
delight danced and sang as during the   
outward ride4  ,when ,jagannath again   
occupied his throne1 the ,master        
returned with ,his followers to ,his    
quarters4 ,text1 canto #ad4    ,,chapter
 ,,xiii  ,the ,dinner at ,sarvabhauma's 
,house  ,thus did the ,master live at   
the ,nilachal with ,his followers1      
engaged in dancing1 singing1 and        
delight4 ,in the first year 7of ,his    
stay7 ,he used to visit ,jagannath to   
whom ,he bowed1 hymned1 danced and sang4
 ,when the god's ,upala-bhog was        
offered1 ,he issued from the temple and 
took ,haridas home with ,himself1 and   
there chanted ,hari's name4  ,adwaita   
arriving there adored the ,master1      
washed ,his feet with perfumed water1   
rubbed ,him all over with fragrant      

sandal-paste1 placed a garland round    
,his neck and the tufted ,tulsi flower  
on ,his head1 prostrated himself at the 
,master's feet1 and adored ,him with    
folded palms4 ,the ,master adored the   
,acharya with the flowers and ,tulsi    
leaves left over on the ritual tray1 and
 recited the verse ,i bow to thee1 that 
art what thou art6 ,then ,he made a     
playful sound with ,his lips and had a  
laugh at the ,acharya4 ,thus did the two
 honour each other4 ,the ,acharya       
repeatedly asked the ,master to dinner4 
4 4 ,the ,master with ,his party dined  
at the houses of the different bhaktas  
on successive days4 ,thus did they spend
 four months in ,his company1 witnessing
 all the festivals of ,jagannath4  ,on  
,krishna's ,nativity ,day took place the
 ceremony of ,nanda's grand festival1 at
 which the ,master with ,his bhaktas    
personated the cowherds of ,mathura4 ,on
 ,his own shoulders did ,he carry the   
loads of milk and curds to the place of 
the ceremony1 shouting ,hari's name4    

,kanai ,khuntia played the role of      
,nanda and ,jagannath ,mahanti that of  
the queen of ,braja4 ,with ,pratap      
,rudra himself1 ,kashi ,mishra1         
,sarvabhaunia1 and the ,parichha        
7minister7 ,tulsi1 the ,master danced   
and sported1 spattering all their bodies
 with milk1 curds and yellow liquid4    
,adwaita said1 ,bear with me when ,i    
tell the truth4 ,i shall know you for a 
cowherd only if you can brandish a      
staff6 ,at this the ,master began to    
play with the staff4 ,he tossed it in   
the air and caught it repeatedly as it  
fell4 ,he swung it round ,his head1     
behind1 before1 on the two sides1 and   
between the legs1 spectators laughing4  
,the stick circled round and round like 
a lathe1 all men wondering at the sight4
 ,similarly ,nityananda too played with 
his staff4 ,who can fathom the deep     
cowherd mood of these two8 ,at the      
king's command1 ,tulsi ,parichha brought
 out a costly cloth1 once worn by       
,jagannath1 and tied it round the       

,master's head4 ,other clothes were     
presented to the ,acharya and other     
followers of the ,master4 ,kanai        
,khuntia and ,jagannath ,mahanti1 in    
their enthusiasm1 gave away all the     
wealth of their houses4 ,at this the    
,master was greatly delighted1 and bowed
 to them as his parents 7i4e41 as ,nanda
 and his wife1 the foster-parents of    
,krishna74 ,in deep spiritual exaltation
 did ,he return to ,his quarters4 ,thus 
did ,chaitanya play4  ,on the           
,bijaya-dashami1 the day of the storming
 of ,lanka1 the ,master with ,his       
followers played the part of the monkey 
army of ,ram4 ,transported by the spirit
 of ,hanuman1 ,he seized a branch and   
broke it off as if it were the citadel  
of ,lanka1 shouting in a rage1 ,where   
art thou1 ,ravan6 ,thou hast kidnapped  
the ,mother of the ,world4 ,wretch6 ,i  
shall destroy thee with thy kith and    
kin4 ,the people marvelled at ,his      
passion and exclaimed ,glory6 glory6    
,so1 too1 did ,he witness the           

celebration of ,rasa-yatra1 ,dipavali   
and ,utthan-dwadashi4 ,one day ,he and  
,nityananda formed a plan in secret1 the
 nature of which ,his followers         
afterwards guessed only from the result4
 ,calling all ,his bhaktas together1 ,he
 said1 ,return ye all to ,bengal4 ,come 
here every year and visit the ,gundicha 
garden with me4 ,on ,adwaita ,acharya he
 honourably laid ,his command1 ,teach   
the lesson of faith in ,krishna to all  
men1 down to the ,chandals4 ,nityananda 
was bidden1 ,go to ,bengal4 ,freely     
proclaim the gospel of devotion and     
love4 ,ramdas1 ,gadadhar and some others
 will assist you4 ,now and then ,i shall
 be with you1 and standing unseen shall 
witness your dancing4 ,embracing        
,shribas ,pandit1 ,he clung to his neck 
and said tenderly1 ,in the kirtan at    
your house ,i shall always dance4 ,you  
alone of all men will be able to see me4
 ,give my mother this cloth and all this
 prasad bow to her and beg her pardon   
for all my faults4 ,i have turned a monk

 leaving her service2 this has been an  
act of irreligion and not of religion on
 my part4 ,i am bound by her love2      
service to her is my religion4 ,it has  
been madness on my part to quit it4     
,tell her to have pity on me1 as ,no    
mother finds fault with a crazy child4  
,what need have ,i of monachism8 ,love  
is wealth to me2 ,i must have gone out  
of my mind when ,i turned sannyasi4 ,at 
her command ,i am staying at the        
,nilachal4 ,i shall occasionally go home
 to see her4 ,daily do ,i go and behold 
her feet2 she feels a delighted         
sensation but does not admit it as true4
 ,one day for instance she cooked rice1 
five or six vegetable soups1 sak1       
mochaghanta1 fried patal1 nim leaves1   
lemon1 bits of ginger1 curds1 milk1 and 
sugar and cream1 and offered these many 
dishes to ,saligram4 ,taking up the     
prasad she lamented1 ,all these were    
,nimai's favourite dishes4 ,he is not   
here4 ,so ,i went there quickly and ate 
up every thing4 ,on seeing the empty    

dish she wiped her tears and asked1 ,who
 has eaten the rice and soups8 ,why is  
the dish empty8 ,has the young ,gopal   
7idol7 eaten them up8 ,or has an        
illusion seized my mind8 ,has some      
animal came in and devoured them8 ,or   
did ,i by mistake serve no food on the  
plate at all8 ,so thinking she looked   
again at the cooking-pots and found them
 full1 to her wonder and suspicion of   
defilement by some beast or demon4 ,she 
then called ,ishan1 had the place       
cleaned1 and offered rice to the god    
,gopal afresh4 ,thus1 whenever she cooks
 nice dishes1 she weeps in eager desire 
to feed me on them4 ,her affection      
compels me to eat 7the food there72 and 
she is pleased at heart1 though         
outwardly she is disconsolate4 ,this    
happened on the last ,bijaya-dashami    
day4 ,say unto her and make her believe4
 ,though overcome in making this speech1
 the ,master composed ,himself in order 
to bid farewell to the bhaktas4  ,to    
,raghav ,pandit ,he spoke feelingly1    

,your pure devotion has made me your    
servant4 ,hear1 all ye1 the story of his
 serving ,krishna in the most pious and 
excellent manner4 ,let me speak of one  
thing only1 namely his offering of      
cocoanut as bhog4 ,in his place cocoanut
 sells at five gandas i4e41 quarter anna
 each4 ,though his orchards have        
hundreds of cocoanut palms yielding     
lakhs of fruits1 yet wherever he hears  
of very sweet cocoanuts1 he procures    
them at the price of four annas for one1
 even from #bj miles distance4 ,every   
day he strips the fibre off five or six 
fruits and cools them in water4 ,then at
 bhog he smoothes them and making small 
holes at the top offers the fruits to   
,krishna1 who drinks the milk within1   
and leaves the fruits empty or full of  
liquid at different times4 ,when the    
fruit is empty of milk1 the ,pandit     
rejoices1 cracks the nut and spreading  
the kernel on a hundred dishes1 offers  
them to ,krishna1 while he meditates    
outside 7the god's dining room74        

,krishna eats the offering1 and leaves  
the dishes bare1 or fills them again    
with the kernel4 ,at this the ,pandit's 
devotion grows and he swims in the ocean
 of love4  ,one day his servant brought 
ten cleaned cocoanuts to be offered to  
the god2 but while waiting outside the  
door he happened to touch the wall above
 with his hand and then placed the same 
hand on the fruits4 ,on seeing this the 
,pandit threw away the fruits as defiled
 and unworthy of offering to the god1   
because the dust raised by the feet of  
people entering at the door sticks to   
the wall above4 ,by such pure loving    
service he has surpassed the world 4 4 4
 ,similarly whenever he hears of any    
good fruit like plantain1 mango1 or     
jack1 in far off villages1 he carefully 
buys them dear1 washes1 cleans1 and     
offers them to the god4 ,so1 too1       
vegetables1 roots1 fruits1 chira1 hurum1
 confects1 cakes1 sweet drinks1         
condensed milk1 kashandi1 pickles1      
scents1 cloth1 ornaments1 and the pick  

of all things he offers cleanly to the  
god4 ,his loving service is unmatched   
and soothes the eyes of all who behold  
it4  ,so saying the ,master embraced    
,raghav1 and showed due respect to the  
other bhaktas4 ,to ,shivananda ,sen he  
spoke in terms of honour1 ,do you look  
after ,vasudev ,datta1 who is so        
charitable that every day he spends all 
his day's earnings1 saving nothing4 ,but
 he is a householder and ought to save1 
for without saving a man cannot support 
his kinsmen4 ,you have the charge of the
 income and expenditure of his house4   
,in your capacity as head man arrange   
7his affairs properly74 ,come every year
 with all the bhaktas to the ,gundicha  
garden1 taking care of them4  ,to the   
pilgrims from the ,kulin village ,he    
said1 ,come here every year with striped
 silk cloth 7for ,jagannath74 ,gunaraj  
,khan wrote the ,shri ,krishna ,vijay1  
one devotional sentence of which1       
',nanda's darling ,krishna is the lord  
of my life'1 has made me the bondsman of

 his line4 ,not to speak of you1 even a 
dog of your village is dear to me1 above
 all others4  ,at this ,satyaraj ,khan  
and ,ramananda too entreated the        
,master1 ,i am a worldly man2 how can ,i
 practise devotion8 ,i beg thee to lay  
commands on me4 ,the ,master replied1   
,ever serve ,krishna1 ever serve        
,vaishnavs1 ever sing ,krishna's name4  
,satyaraj asked1 ,how shall ,i know a   
,vaishnav8 ,tell me of his general      
characteristics4 ,the ,master answered1 
,whosoever utters ,krishna's name even  
once is to be honoured above all other  
men4 ,krishna's name alone washes away  
all sins and kindles many forms of      
faith4 ,it does not make a man wait for 
religious initiation or priestly        
ministration1 but as soon as the word is
 formed on the tongue1 it redeems all   
men down to the ,chandal caste4 ,along  
with that1 ,krishna's name destroys our 
bondage to the world and draws the heart
 to the love of ,krishna4 ,vide         
,shridhar ,swami's stanza in the        

,padavali1 xviii4 ,therefore1 he who    
utters ,krishna's name alone is truly a 
,vaishnav4 ,honour him as such4  ,of the
 pilgrims from ,khanda the leaders were 
,mukunda-das1 ,raghunandan1 and         
,narahari4 ,to the first1 ,shachi's son 
spoke thus1 ,tell me truly whether you  
are the father and ,raghunandan your    
son1 or the converse8 ,dispel my doubt4 
,mukunda replied1 ,i verily believe that
 ,raghunandan is my father and ,i his   
son1 because our devotion to ,krishna   
has been imbibed from him4 ,the         
delighted ,master broke out1 ,true are  
thy words4 ,he who gives us faith in    
,krishna is our guru4 ,bliss it is to   
the ,master to unfold the greatness of  
bhaktas1 and ,he holds forth on the     
subject through five mouths as it were4 
,turning to ,his followers ,he said1    
,hark ye about ,mukunda's faith4 ,it is 
a pure and deep love1 like unalloyed    
gold4 ,outwardly he is a physician royal
 and serves his master4 ,but who can    
fathom his heart's devotion8 ,one day   

the ,musalman king was talking with him 
about medicine1 on a high dais1 when a  
servant held a peacock-feather fan over 
the ,nawab's head4 ,at the sight 7of    
,krishna's crest71 ,mukunda in a rapture
 of devotion tumbled down from the      
height4 ,the ,nawab1 thinking that he   
was overcome by death1 dismounted1      
restored him to his senses1 and asked   
where he had been hurt4 ,mukunda replied
 that he did not feel much pain4 ,then  
to the ,nawab's query about the cause of
 his fall1 he replied that he was       
subject to epilepsy4 ,the ,nawab was    
very wise1 he discerned the real reason 
and thenceforth regarded ,mukunda as a  
great devotee4  ,raghunandan served at  
,krishna's temple1 in front of which    
there was a tank with a ,kadamba tree   
blooming all the year round on its ghat4
 ,daily two flowers blossomed there 7as 
if7 derived from ,krishna4 ,the ,master 
continued1 turning to ,mukunda1 ,your   
business is to earn money1              
,raghunandan's to serve ,krishna4 ,his  

heart has no other desire4 ,let         
,narahari remain with my bhaktas4 ,do   
you three ever perform these duties     
respectively4  ,graciously ,he addressed
 the two brothers1 ,sarvabhauma and     
,vidya-vachaspati1 ,krishna is at       
present manifest in the form of wood and
 water1 the sight and ablution of which 
saves mankind4 ,as the wooden god he    
lives at ,puri1 while the deity as water
 is the river ,bhagirathi4 ,let         
,sarvabhauma worship the wooden god and 
,vachaspati the water-deity4  ,embracing
 ,murari ,gupta1 the ,master extolled   
his sincere devotion thus1 ,listen1 ,o  
ye bhaktas6 ,i had formerly often       
tempted him saying1 ',passing sweet is  
the lad of ,braja's lord1 ,o ,gupta6    
,krishna is ,god himself1 in all ,his   
fulness1 the refuge of all4 ,love is    
pure1 clean1 the source of all passions 
7ras71 the ocean in which all virtues   
are stored like gems4 ,he is wise1      
expert1 sedate1 the chief of the masters
 of emotions4 ,sweet is his character1  

sweet is his fascination2 his sports are
 marked by cleverness and skill4        
,worship that ,krishna1 seek refuge in  
him4 ,the heart cannot accept any other 
object of adoration'4 ,his respect for  
me somewhat influenced him and he       
replied that he was my servant1 ready to
 do my bidding1 without free will4      
,going home1 he was restless at the     
thought of giving up his idol           
,raghunath1 and cried1 ',how can ,i quit
 the feet of ,raghunath8 ,kill me       
to-night1 ,o ,lord6 ,so he spent the    
whole night watching and weeping1 sore  
at heart4 ,in the morning he returned1  
clasped my feet and cried1 ,i have sold 
my head at ,raghunath's feet1 and cannot
 draw it away now1 so great would be the
 pain of it4 ,i cannot leave            
,raghunath's feet1 and on the other hand
 thy command will be disobeyed4 ,i have 
no help for it4 ,take pity1 therefore1  
on me1 ,o ,kind ,one2 and let me die    
before thee1 so that the conflict within
 me may be ended'4 ,at these words ,i   

rejoiced exceedingly1 raised and        
embraced him1 saying1 ',excellent6      
,excellent6 firm is your devotion1 ,o   
,gupta1 as my words have not shaken your
 purpose4 ,it is the devotion of        
servants of this kind that ought to be  
offered at the ,lord's feet1--when the  
,lord draws away ,his feet the devotee  
does not let go his grasp4 ,that ,i     
urged you repeatedly was only to test   
this your earnest faith4 ,you are       
,hanuman himself1 the servant of ,ram4  
,why then should you leave his lotus    
feet8 ,this is that ,murari ,gupta      
addressing the other bhaktas1 the very  
life of me4 ,my heart breaks to see his 
meekness of spirit4  ,then ,he embraced 
,vasudev1 and dwelt on his merits with a
 thousand tongues4 ,the ,datta1 blushing
 to hear his own praise1 begged at the  
,master's feet1 ,thou hast come down to 
deliver the world4 ,grant one prayer of 
mine4 ,it can be easily granted1 if thou
 willest1 ,o ,gracious ,one6 ,my heart  
breaks to see the sorrows of mankind4   

,lay thou the sins of the rest of       
mankind on my head2 let me suffer in    
hell under the load of their sins1 so   
that1 ,master1 thou mayest remove the   
earthly pangs i4e41 birth on earth of   
all other beings4 ,these words melted   
the ,master's heart4 ,trembling and     
weeping ,he answered in broken accents1 
,this request is no surprise1 coming    
from you who are a ,prahlad4 ,full is   
,krishna's grace on you4 ,krishna brings
 to fruition whatever his servants ask  
for2 he has no other work than to       
gratify his servants wishes4 ,you have  
prayed for the salvation of all the     
creatures of the universe4 7,i say7 they
 will all be delivered1 without         
suffering for their sins4 ,the task is  
not too much for ,krishna1 who is       
omnipotent4 ,why should he make you     
7alone7 undergo the due chastisement for
 7their7 sins8 ,those whose good you    
desire are ,vaishnavs1 all of whose sins
 are removed by ,krishna4 ,witness the  
,brahma ,samhita1 v4 #fj4  ,at your mere

 wishing1 the universe will be redeemed4
 ,it is no labour for ,krishna to       
deliver all men4 ,ten million figs      
7dumbur7 can grow on one tree2 similarly
 ten million universes float in the     
water of the ,pure4 ,the tree knows not 
the loss1 if a fruit drops and perishes4
 ,so1 too1 if one universe is set free  
from re-birth1 ,krishna does not regard 
it even as a trifling loss4 ,endless are
 ,krishna's possessions4 ,vaikuntha and 
other places belong to him4 ,they are   
girt round by the ocean of the ,cause of
 ,creation4 ,countless illusive         
universes float in that ocean1 just as a
 pot of oil-seeds may float in the ditch
 round a city4 ,the loss of one         
seed-grain out of it matters nothing4   
,so1 too1 ,krishna does not feel the    
loss if one universe is gone4 ,even if  
illusion and all the universes subject  
to it perish1 ,krishna does not mind the
 loss4 ,the illusion -created world is  
no more to ,krishna than a she-goat is  
to the owner of ten millions of cows    

giving inexhaustible milk4 ,vide        
,bhagabat1 ,x4 lxxxvii1 #aj4  ,in such  
terms did the ,master speak of the      
different merits of all ,his followers1 
embrace and give them leave4 ,they wept 
at parting from ,him1 while ,his mind1  
too1 was saddened4 ,gadadhar ,pandit    
stayed with ,him and was settled by ,him
 at ,jaleswar in ,jagannath-,puri4 ,the 
,puri1 ,jagadananda1 ,swarup ,damodar1  
,damodar ,pandit1 ,govinda1 and         
,kashishwar1-- these lived with the     
,master at ,puri4 ,he visited ,jagannath
 every morning4  ,one day ,sarvabhauma  
solicited ,him with folded palms thus1  
,now that all the ,vaishnavs have       
returned to ,bengal1 ,i have got an     
opportunity of entertaining you4 ,be    
pleased to be a guest at my house for a 
month4 ,the ,master replied1 ,it is     
opposed to my rules of duty4 ,i can't do
 it4 ,sarvabhauma persisted1 ,let it be 
for twenty days only4 ,but the ,master  
objected1 ,no1 that too is opposed to   
the rules of a sannyasi4 ,sarvabhauma   

came down to fifteen days1 but the      
,master insisted on dining with him for 
one day only4 ,then ,sarvabhauma1       
clasping ,his feet1 begged for ten days 
out of which the ,master gradually      
reduced five1 and accepted the          
invitation for five days only4 ,then    
,sarvabhauma made another prayer1       
saying1 ,there are ten monks with you1  
out of whom the ,puri will dine with me 
for five days1 as ,i told you before4   
,damodar ,swarup1 my friend1 will go to 
my house with you and at times alone4   
,the other eight will be my guests      
dining singly for two days each4 ,thus a
 month is filled up with engagements4 ,i
 fear lest ,i should fail to show due   
hospitality if so many monks come to me 
together4 ,you1 too1 will visit my house
 with your shadow1 and sometimes in the 
company of ,swarup ,damodar4 ,glad of   
the ,master's nod of assent he invited  
,him that very day4 ,the ,bhattacharya's
 wife was called ,shathi's mother2 she  
was greatly devoted to the ,master and a

 very mother in tenderness4 ,the        
cooking1 the courses1 and the dinner    
described in great detail4  ,the ,master
 said1 ,it is impossible to eat so much 
rice viz41 three maunds4 ,the ,bhatta   
replied1 ,i know what is a sufficient   
quantity for you4 ,at ,puri you as      
,jagannath eat bhog #eb times a day1 and
 the quantity for each time is hundreds 
of loads4 ,at ,dwaraka you as ,king     
,krishna dine daily at the houses of    
your #af1jjj queens1 #ajh mothers1 and  
the ,yadav clan4 ,at ,brindaban you dine
 twice daily at the houses of your      
kinsmen and cowherd comrades4 ,at the   
,govardhan sacrifice heaps of rice were 
brought for you1 in comparison with     
which my dishes form less than a        
mouthful4 ,you are ,god indeed4 ,i am a 
wretched little creature4 ,consent to   
take only a little mouthful of food at  
my house4 ,smiling1 the ,master sat     
down1 the ,bhatta serving ,him with the 
prasad of ,jagannath4 ,just then there  
came ,amogh1 the son-in-law of          

,bhattacharya and the husband of        
,shathi4 ,he was a ,kulin and a         
fault-finder4 ,he wished to see the     
feeding1 but could not come1 as         
,bhattacharya kept watch at the door    
stick in hand6 ,when ,bhattacharya was  
busy serving the prasad1 ,amogh came in 
and looking at the rice began to        
criticise1 ,what6 a single monk is      
eating this rice1 on which ten or twelve
 others can feed to their fill6 ,hearing
 these words ,bhattacharya looked over  
his shoulders1 and ,amogh fled away4 4 4
 4 ,his father-in-law cursed him and his
 mother-in-law prayed for her daughter's
 widowhood4  ,that night ,amogh spent in
 hiding1 and next morning he was seized 
with cholera4 ,at the news that he was  
dying1 ,bhattacharya exclaimed1 ,the    
gods are on my side1 and are doing my   
work4 ,a sin against ,god bears         
immediate fruit4 ,witness the           
,mahabharat1 ,bana-parva1 ccxli4 #ag1   
and ,bhagabat1 ,x4iv4#c;i4  ,when       
,gopinath ,acharya went to see the      

,master1 in answer to a question about  
,bhattacharya1 he said1 ,the couple had 
fasted at night4 ,amogh is dying of     
cholera4 ,at this the merciful ,master  
hastened there1 laid ,his hand on       
,amogh's breast and said1 ,pure by      
nature is this ,brahman's heart1--a fit 
place for ,krishna to sit on4 ,why have 
you seated the ,chandal ,envy here1 and 
thus defiled a very holy spot8 ,your    
sins are ended by the society of        
,sarvabhauma4 ,when sin is gone1 men    
recite ,krishna's name4 ,rise1 thou1    
,amogh6 chant ,krishna's name4 ,soon    
will ,god have mercy on you4 ,at these  
words1 ,amogh rose up with the cry of   
,krishna6 ,krishna6 and began to dance  
in an ecstasy1 of devotion1 weeping1    
trembling1 standing stockstill1         
perspiring1 lisping4 ,the ,master smiled
 at seeing the surging up of his love4  
,but he begged the ,master1 holding ,his
 feet1 ,gracious ,master6 forgive my    
fault4 ,with this he slapped his own    
cheeks till they were swollen4 ,gopinath

 ,acharya held his hand to stop him1 and
 the ,master stroked his body to console
 him saying1 ,you are an object of      
affection to me1 being related to       
,sarvabhauma4 ,even the very servants   
and dogs of his house are dear to me    
above all others4 ,thou hast not        
offended4 ,chant ,krishna's name4  ,so  
saying the ,master came to              
,sarvabhauma's house1 who clasped ,his  
feet1 but the ,master embraced him1 took
 ,his seat and began1 ,amogh is a child4
 ,he cannot offend4 ,why are you        
fasting1 why are you angry with him8    
,up1 bathe1 visit ,jagannath1 and break 
your fast soon1 if you want to please   
me4 ,i shall wait here so long as you do
 not return with the prasad 7for your   
dinner74 ,clasping ,his feet            
,sarvabhauma asked ,amogh was dying4    
,why did you revive him8 ,the ,master   
replied1 ,amogh is your child4 ,the     
father1 especially if he is the         
nourisher1 does not take note of the    
offence of his boy4 ,he has now turned  

,vaishnav2 his sin is gone2 do you then 
look kindly on him4 ,the ,bhatta said1  
,go1 ,master1 to see the god4 ,i ,shall 
quickly join you there after taking my  
bath4 ,but ,he replied1 ,gopinath6 stay 
here4 ,when the prasad comes to him1    
inform me of it4 ,then ,he went to see  
the god1 while the ,bhatta bathed1      
prayed1 and dined4  ,this ,amogh became 
extremely devoted to the ,master4 ,a    
very sedate man1 he incessantly recited 
,krishna's name4 ,text1 canto #ae4      
,,chapter ,,xiv  ,the ,return to ,bengal
  ,pratap ,rudra grew sad when he heard 
that the ,master wished to visit        
,brindaban2 calling ,sarvabhauma and    
,ramananda1 the king entreated them1    
,the ,master's mind is inclined to go   
away from ,puri4 ,try to keep ,him here4
 ,without ,him this kingdom is of no    
delight to me4 ,try every means to      
detain the hermit4 ,when the ,master was
 taking counsel with the two about      
making a pilgrimage to ,brindaban1 they 
said1 ,wait to see the ,car ,festival1  

and set out in the month of ,kartik4 ,in
 ,kartik they urged1 ,it is mid-winter  
now4 ,better set out after witnessing   
the ,swinging ,festival4 ,so they plied 
all arts to put off ,his departure2 and 
gave not their consent in fear of       
parting with ,his company4 ,true1 the   
,master was a free agent1 under nobody's
 control4 ,yet ,he did not depart       
against the wishes of ,his followers4   
,in the third year of ,his stay1 the    
,bengal followers wished to go to ,puri4
 ,so1 they all resorted to ,adwaita     
,acharya1 who set out joyfully to see   
the ,master4 ,nityananda1 though charged
 by ,him to stay in ,bengal and preach  
the faith of love1 nevertheless went to 
see ,him4 ,who can understand the       
display of ,nityananda's love8 ,who can 
number the bhaktas that started8        
,acharya ,ratna1 ,vidyanidhi1 ,shribas1 
,ramai1 ,vasudev1 ,madhav1 and ,govinda 
7the three brothers71 ,raghav ,pandit   
with his casket fitted up1 the residents
 of the ,kulin village with their       

striped silk cloth 7for ,jagannath71    
,narahari and ,raghunandan of ,khanda1  
in short all of the bhaktas went2 who   
can count them8 ,shivananda ,sen made   
arrangements about the stages of the    
road1 and guided the whole party in     
comfort1 supplying all their needs and  
securing lodgings1 as he knew all about 
the road to ,orissa4  ,that year the    
ladies too set out to visit the ,master3
 ,with the ,acharya went ,achyuta's     
mother1 ,malini with ,shribas ,pandit1  
with ,shivananda his wife and son named 
,chaitanya-das1 with ,acharya ,ratna his
 wife4 ,all the ladies took from their  
houses all kinds of choice things       
formerly dear to ,him1 to feed the      
,master with4 ,shivananda looked after  
their needs1 provided them with lodgings
 by winning over the officers of the    
halting stations 7ghatial71 and         
everywhere nourished them with          
provisions4  ,at ,remuna they saw       
,gopinath 7idol71 at whose temple the   
,acharya danced and sang4 ,nityananda   

knew all the servitors of the god2 so   
they highly honoured the party4 ,the    
night was passed there2 ,nityananda     
distributed among them the twelve pots  
of condensed milk 7bhog7 presented by   
the servitors4 ,then ,nityananda told   
them the whole story of ,madhav ,puri1  
the installation of the ,gopal1 the     
begging of sandal by ,gopal1 the        
stealing of kshir by ,gopinath for the  
,puri1--as he had heard it from the     
,master4 ,the ,vaishnavs rejoiced4  ,so 
they wended their way to ,katak4 ,after 
visiting the ,witness ,gopal they spent 
the night there4 ,nityananda told the   
legend of the god1 to the increased     
delight of the ,vaishnavs1 who pushed on
 to ,puri1 eager at heart to meet the   
,master4 ,when they reached ,athara-nala
 7,bridge of #ah spans71 ,govinda1 sent 
by the ,master with two garlands to     
welcome them1 met the party and placed  
the garlands on the necks of ,adwaita   
and ,abadhut ,goswami1 to their intense 
bliss4 ,there the two began the         

sankirtan of ,krishna and advanced      
dancing4 ,next ,swarup and other        
followers1 sent by the ,master1 received
 them with garlands at the ,narendra    
,tank4 ,when they reached the ,lion     
,gate1 ,chaitanya ,himself came out to  
meet them all4 ,he took them to see     
,jagannath1 and then led them to ,his   
own lodgings4 ,with ,his own hands ,he  
served them the prasad brought by       
,vaninath and ,kashi ,mishra4 ,they were
 then sent to take rest in the houses   
respectively occupied by them in the    
previous year4  ,thus the bhaktas spent 
four months at ,puri1 joining in ,his   
kirtan4 ,when the season of the ,car    
,festival arrived1 ,he took them1 as on 
the last occasion1 to wash the ,gundicha
 temple1 presented to ,jagannath the    
striped silk brought by the people of   
the ,kulin village1 danced long before  
the car1 and then returned to the       
garden4 ,while ,he was reposing on the  
bank of the tank1 ,krishna-das1 a       
,brahman of ,west ,bengal 7,rarh7 and a 

disciple of ,nityananda1 was so         
fortunate as to pour on the ,master's   
head a pot of water1 to ,his great      
relief4  ,the ,master dined with all    
,his followers on the numerous dishes of
 ,balgandi bhog sent to ,him4 ,as       
before1 they witnessed the ,car         
procession and the ,hora-,panchami      
procession with ,him4 ,the ,master was  
invited to dinner by ,acharya ,goswami1 
at which a rain storm burst4 ,then      
,shribas invited ,him1 and the ,master's
 favourite dishes were cooked by        
,malini1 who was ,his handmaid in       
devotion1 but a mother in tenderness4   
,acharya ,ratna and other leading       
disciples gave dinners to the ,master at
 intervals4 ,when the four months were  
over ,he again took counsel in secret   
with ,nityananda4 ,the ,acharya         
whispered to the ,master mystic hints2  
he seemed to be muttering and none could
 know his meaning4 ,chaitanya laughed at
 seeing the gestures of his face4 ,this 
the ,acharya took to be a mark of       

assent1 and he began to dance in        
delight2 none knew what the request and 
the consent were4 ,but the ,master      
embraced and dismissed him4  ,then ,he  
addressed ,nityananda1 ,listen1         
,shripad6 ,i pray thee grant this       
request of mine4 ,don't come to ,puri   
every year1 but stay in ,bengal to carry
 out my will1 for ,i see none else who  
can do the work4 ,you alone can         
accomplish my hard undertaking4         
,nityananda replied1 ,i am but the body2
 you are the life of it4 ,it is admitted
 that the body cannot live apart from   
life2 yet you1 by your incomprehensible 
power1 are performing such an           
impossibility4 ,well1 ,i shall do       
whatever you make me4 ,i am not subject 
to any other law4 ,the ,master embraced 
and gave him leave1 and so to the other 
bhaktas too4  ,the pilgrims from the    
,kulin village begged1 as before1       
,master1 appoint us our duty1 to which  
,he replied1 ,serve ,vaishnavs1 chant   
,krishna's name4 ,these two will lead   

you soon to ,krishna's feet4 ,the men   
asked1 ,by what signs can a ,vaishnav be
 known8 ,the ,master knew their real    
thoughts1 smiled1 and answered1 ,he is  
the true ,vaishnav1 who has ,krishna's  
name ever on his lips4 ,adore his feet4 
,next year they put the very same       
question1 and the ,master by ,his answer
 taught them the gradations of          
,vaishnavs3 ,know him to be the besf of 
,vaishnavs1 the sight of whom brings    
,krishna's name on your tongue4 ,thus   
did ,he describe in succession the three
 grades of ,vaishnavs3 good1 better1 and
 best4  ,all the ,vaishnavs returned to 
,bengal4 ,vidyanidhi alone stayed at    
,puri that year4 ,he formed a close     
friendship with ,swarup1 and the two    
lived together engaged in discourse on  
,krishna4 ,he gave mantra anew to       
,gadadhar ,pandit4 ,on the day of ,orani
 ,shashthi he witnessed the procession1 
and felt contempt at beholding          
,jagannath wearing a cloth with the size
 not washed out of it4 ,that very night 

,jagannath and ,balaram visited him in  
his sleep and laughingly slapped his    
cheeks4 ,vidyanidhi was inly glad at    
finding his cheeks swollen4 4 4 4  ,thus
 did the bhaktas of ,bengal come every  
year and witness the god's procession in
 the ,master's company4 ,i shall        
describe only the years in which        
something special happened4 ,four years 
did the ,master pass in this way3 two   
years after ,he took the monastic vow   
were taken up by the pilgrimage to the  
,south and the return2 the next two     
years ,he stayed at ,puri wishing to go 
to ,brindaban1 but unable to stir at    
,ramananda's opposition4 ,in the fifth  
year the ,bengal pilgrims returned home 
immediately after witnessing the ,car   
,festival without staying for four      
months4  ,then the ,master embraced     
,sarvabhauma and ,ramananda and said1   
,very eager am ,i to visit ,brindaban4  
,at your objection ,i have not set out  
these two years4 ,i must go now4 ,do you
 both consent1 for ,i have no other     

refuge save you4 ,in ,bengal my two     
refuges are my mother and the river     
,ganges1 both gracious ones4 ,on my way 
,i shall see them4 ,permit me freely to 
depart4  ,at these words they reflected1
 ,it is not good to oppose ,him too     
much1 and then told ,him1 ,it is now the
 rainy season1 which makes travel       
impossible4 ,you will certainly depart  
on the ,vijaya-dashami4  ,on that day   
the ,master set out1 taking with        
,himself all the prasad of ,jagannath   
that had been given ,him1 and also the  
sandal wood and coloured threads4       
,taking leave of ,jagannath1 ,he started
 in the morning1 and sent back the      
,oriya disciples who were following     
,him4 ,with ,his men ,he reached        
,bhabanipur1 ,ramananda ,ray coming     
behind in his litter4 ,they spent the   
night there1 feeding on the copious     
prasad sent by ,vaninath4 ,next day the 
,master reached ,bhubaneshwar4 ,at      
,katak ,he saw the ,sakshi- ,gopal      
image4 ,here a ,brahman named           

,swapneshwar bade ,him to dinner1 while 
,ramananda ,ray invited ,his followers4 
,the ,master lodged in the outer garden1
 and after dinner reposed under the     
,bakul tree4  ,ramananda ,ray went to   
inform ,king ,pratap ,rudra1 who        
hastened thither in joy and repeatedly  
prostrated himself at the ,master's feet
 in ecstasy1 and prayed to ,him with    
tremour and tears4 ,the ,master1 pleased
 with his faith1 rose up and embraced   
him4 ,the king hymned and bowed to ,him 
again1 his body bathed with the tears of
 the ,master's grace4 ,ramananda        
composed and seated the king1 and the   
,master showed ,his favour to him in    
body mind and speech4 ,so great was the 
favour shown that ,he became famous in  
the world under the name of the ,saviour
 of ,pratap ,rudra4 ,the royal ministers
 adored the ,master1 who then dismissed 
the king4 ,coming out ,pratap ,rudra    
sent letters to all officers in his     
kingdom1 bidding them1 ,build new houses
 in different villages on the route2    

fill six or seven such rooms with       
provisions4 ,there lodge the ,master and
 wait on ,him day and night with your   
rods of authority in hand4 ,his         
ministers ,harichandan and ,mangraj he  
ordered1 ,conduct all this business4    
,bring a new boat to the river ,mahanadi
 bank4 ,when the ,master after bathing  
crosses the river1 plant a staff there  
to mark the spot as a holy tirtha4 ,i   
shall daily bathe there4 ,may ,i die    
there4 ,hang out fine new cloths at the 
four gates4 ,ramananda1 go you back to  
the ,master4 ,the king heard that the   
,master would resume ,his journey in the
 evening4 ,so he transported his wives  
in covered litters on the backs of      
elephants1 which were drawn up in a line
 along the route4 ,in the evening the   
,master proceeded with ,his followers   
and bathed at the ghat of the           
,chitrotpala ,mahanadi river4 ,the      
queens bowed when they saw ,him1 and at 
the sight of ,him they were filled with 
devotion1 chanting ,krishna's name with 

tears in their eyes4 ,in the three      
worlds has not been heard of such       
another gracious saint1 whose very view 
from a distance inspires love of        
,krishna4  ,then ,he crossed over in a  
boat1 and in the moonlit night reached  
the four gates 7chatur dwar74 ,here ,he 
passed the night1 and next morning      
bathed and ate the maha-prasad of       
,jagannath1 which the ,parichha used to 
send ,him daily in huge quantities at   
the king's command by means of a host of
 servants4  ,then the ,master wended    
,his way1 served by ,ramananda1         
,mangraj1 and ,hari ,chandan1 the three 
officers of the king4 ,he was           
accompanied by the ,puri ,goswami1      
,swarup ,damodar1 ,jagadananda1         
,mukunda1 ,govinda1 ,kashishwar1        
,haridas ,thakur1 ,vakreshwar ,pandit1  
,gopinath ,acharya1 ,damodar ,pandit1   
,ramai1 ,nandai and many other bhaktas1 
of whom ,i have named the chief only1   
for who can count them all8 ,when       
,gadadhar ,pandit followed ,him1 the    

,master forbade him to quit the seat of 
his monastic devotions4 ,the ,pandit    
pleaded1 ,where you are1 there is my    
,puri4 ,let my seat of monachism go to  
wrack and ruin4 ,the ,master said1 ,stay
 here1 worshipping ,gopinath2 but the   
,pandit insisted1 ,the sight of thy feet
 is worth ten million worship of gods4  
,the ,master argued1 ,if you give up the
 worship1 mine will be the sin4 ,stay   
here and worship1 if you want to please 
me4 ,the ,pandit answered1 ,let the     
entire sin rest on me4 ,i shall go      
alone1 and not in your company4 ,i am   
going to ,nadia to see the ,mother1 and 
not to bear you company4 ,i am ready to 
bear the sin of quitting the worship ,i 
had vowed to perform4 ,so saying the    
,pandit proceeded alone4 ,at ,katak the 
,master called him4 ,the ,pandit's      
devotion to ,chaitanya passes           
comprehension3 he gave up the vowed     
worship of ,krishna as lightly as a     
straw4 ,the ,master was inly pleased at 
his conduct1 but in loving anger ,he    

told him1 holding his hand1 ,your object
 of quitting your promised worship has  
been fulfilled1 as you have already     
arrived far from the temple of your god 
at ,puri4 ,by wishing to stay with me1  
you are seeking your 7selfish7 pleasure4
 ,i grieve to see you losing both your  
dharmas 7duties74 ,if you wish to make  
me happy1 return to ,puri4 ,i shall     
swear an oath1 if you insist any        
further4 ,so saying the ,master         
embarked1 while the ,pandit swooned away
 on the bank4 ,he bade ,sarvabhauma lead
 the ,pandit away4 ,sarvabhauma said1   
,get up6 such is the ,master's play4    
,you know how ,krishna broke his own vow
 to keep the vow of his adorer ,bhishma4
 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,i4 ix4 #cd4          
,similarly the ,master has endured      
separation from you in order to keep    
your vow sacred4 ,so saying he consoled 
,gadadhar1 and the two returned full of 
grief to ,puri4 ,for ,his sake ,his     
bhaktas renounced their religious and   
earthly duties1 but the ,master could   

not bear that they should sin thus4  ,at
 ,jajpur ,he dismissed the two royal    
ministers who had been escorting ,him1  
after talking day and night about       
,krishna4 ,at every village 7on the way7
 the royal officers1 under orders1      
entertained the ,master with various    
things in the newly built houses4 ,so   
faring forth ,he reached ,remuna #a1    
where ,he dismissed ,ramananda ,ray4    
,the ,ray fell down on the ground in a  
dead faint2 the ,master took him up in  
,his arms and wept4  ,then ,he reached  
the boundary of the ,odhra country1     
where the royal officer met ,him1 tended
 ,him for three or four days1 and told  
,him about the path in front4 ,before   
you lies the land of a wine-bibing      
,muslim king1 through fear of whom none 
can travel on the road4 ,his territory  
extends to ,pichhalda4 ,none dares cross
 the river in awe of him4 ,stay here for
 some days1 while we negotiate with him 
to secure a safe voyage for you4 ,just  
then an ,oriya servant of the ,muslim   

had visited ,katak in disguise4 ,this   
,hindu spy1 witnessing the wonderful    
deeds of the ,master1 reported to his   
king1 ,a monk has come from ,jagannath1 
with many pious persons in his train4   
,they sing of ,krishna incessantly1     
laughing1 dancing1 singing1 weeping4    
,the people flocked in lakhs to see     
,him1 but after once seeing ,him they   
could not return home1 as they became   
almost mad1 chanting ,krishna's name1   
dancing1 weeping and rolling on the     
ground4 ,he cannot be described in      
words1 but has to be seen1 to be        
understood fully4 ,his power shows that 
,he is ,god4 ,so saying the spy chanted 
,hari6 ,krishna6 laughing1 weeping1 and 
dancing like mad4 ,this turned the      
,muslim king's mind4 ,he sent his own   
confidential ,hindu minister to the     
,oriya king's frontier officer4 ,the man
 bowed to the ,master and became        
overwhelmed with love as he cried       
,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,then he composed   
himself and spoke to the ,oriya king's  

officer1 ,the ,muslim governor has sent 
me to you to seek your permission for   
him to come here and meet the ,master4  
,he is very anxious to do it1 and       
entreats you4 ,fear not any attack1 it  
will be a peaceful journey4 ,at this the
 frontier-officer cried out in wonder1  
,a ,muslim's heart6 ,who could have done
 this to it8 ,surely the ,master        
,himself turned his heart1 as the sight 
and 7even7 thought of ,him saves the    
world4 ,then he turned to the           
confidential minister and said1 ,he is  
lucky4 ,let him come here to see the    
,master1 unarmed and with only six or   
seven attendants1 if ,i am to trust in  
him4  ,on hearing this1 the ,muhammadan 
governor arrived in a ,hindu dress1 and 
prostrated himself with tears of joy on 
seeing the ,master from afar4 ,the      
frontier-officer led him forward with   
due honour1 and the governor with folded
 palms stood before the ,master reciting
 ,krishna's name and saying1 ,why have  
,i been born in a low ,muhammadan       

family8 ,why did not ,fate send me to   
earth as one of the ,hindu race1 for    
then ,i could have come near thy feet8  
,my life is useless4 ,let me die6 ,the  
frontier-officer1 moved by these words1 
praised the ,master after clasping ,his 
feet1 ,this man has got a view of thee1 
whose very name when heard purifies a   
,chandal4 ,what wonder that he will be  
saved8 ,such is the efficacy of looking 
at thee6 ,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 
xxxiii #f4  ,then the ,master looked    
benignly at the ,muslim and in soothing 
terms told him to repeat ,krishna's     
name4 ,the governor replied1 ,as ,i have
 found acceptance with thee1 bid me     
serve thee4 ,let me earn deliverance    
from the sin of hurting ,brahmans1 cows 
and ,vaishnavs1 of which ,i have been   
too often guilty4 ,then ,mukunda ,datta 
broke in1 ,listen1 ,sir1 our ,master    
wishes to reach the bank of the ,ganges4
 ,help ,him to go there4 ,it is a great 
command and a good service4  ,the       
,muslim bowed to the ,master and ,his   

party and set off gleefully4 ,the       
frontier-officer embraced him1 formed a 
friendship with him1 and gave him many  
presents4 ,next morning the ,muslim     
governor sent out many decorated boats  
with his ,hindu minister to escort the  
,master4 ,the ,oriya frontier-officer1  
too1 accompanied ,him4 ,the ,master     
placed ,his men in the cabin of a new   
boat1 and dismissed the                 
frontier-officer1 who stood on the bank 
gazing at the voyagers with tears in his
 eyes4 ,the governor after bowing at the
 ,master's feet1 started the flotilla1  
with ten boat-loads of soldiers as a    
defence against pirates4 ,he crossed the
 terrible river ,mantreshwar1 and       
proceeded to ,pichhalda1 at which       
7frontier7 village the ,master sent him 
back4 ,the new disciple's expressions of
 devotion on the occasion were          
indescribable4  ,in that boat the       
,master reached ,panihati1 and robed the
 captain in the robe of ,his favour4    
,the report of ,his coming created a    

sensation3 men crowded together on land 
and water4 ,raghav ,pandit came and led 
the ,master to his house1 making their  
way through the press of men with great 
difficulty4 ,the ,master halted there   
one day4 ,next morning ,he reached      
,kumarhati1 where ,shribas dwelt4       
,thenoe ,he proceeded to the houses of  
,shivananda and ,vasudev4 ,when lodging 
with the ,vachaspati1 ,he one night fled
 to the ,kulia village shrinking from   
the crowd4 ,here in the house of        
,madhav-das millions had a view of ,him1
 and here ,he stayed a week saving all  
the sinners4 ,thence ,he went to the    
,acharya's house at ,shantipur1 where   
,he met mother ,shachi for soothing her 
grief4 ,thence ,he visited ,ramkeli and 
the dancing-hall1 returning to          
,shantipur for a ten days halt4 ,here   
,raghunath-das met ,him4 ,there were two
 brothers1 ,hiranya and ,govardhan-das1 
the owners of ,sapta-gram and twelve    
lakhs of ,rupees4 ,both were very       
charitable and rich ,brahmans1          

well-behaved1 high-born1 and foremost in
 piety1 the support of the ,brahmans of 
,navadwip1 whom they helped with land   
and money4 ,their guru was ,nilambar    
,chakravarti1 who treated them like his 
brothers4 ,as they had formerly served  
,purandar ,mishra1 they were well-known 
to the ,master4 ,raghunath-das was the  
son of this ,govardhan1 and averse to   
the world from his childhood4  ,on the  
,master's coming to ,shantipur after    
turning hermit1 ,raghunath had come and 
fallen down at ,his feet in a rapture of
 love4 ,the ,master had graciously      
touched him with ,his toe4 ,raghunath's 
father always did good turns to the     
,acharya who did ,raghunath a favour1   
helping him to eat the leavings of the  
,master's dinner4 ,after staying at the 
,master's feet for a week1 he had been  
sent away by the ,master when ,he went  
to ,puri4 ,raghunath returned home1     
turned mad with love1 and repeatedly ran
 away from his father's house to go to  
,puri4 ,but his father seized him on the

 way and kept him tied up1 with five    
watchmen to guard him day and night and 
four servants and two cooks1 in all     
eleven guards4  ,raghunath was brooding 
over his failure to go to ,puri1 when he
 heard of the ,master's present visit to
 ,shantipur and begged his father thus3 
,let me go and see the ,master's feet1  
or my soul will quit my body4 ,his      
father then sent him with many men and  
things and an order to return soon4     
,raghunath spent a week at ,shantipur in
 the ,master's company1 ever pondering  
on his heart's wish1 ,how shall ,i      
escape from my guards8 ,how shall ,i go 
to ,puri with the ,master8 ,the         
omniscient ,chaitanya1 knowing his mind1
 told him soothingly by way of          
instruction1 ,peace6 go home4 ,turn not 
wild4 ,it is only gradually that men    
reach the shore of the world-ocean4     
,don't ape renunciation of the world1 in
 order to make a show before the people4
 ,enjoy your worldly possessions duly1  
without setting your heart on them4     

,cherish piety in your heart1 while     
outwardly you discharge your temporal   
affairs4 ,soon will ,krishna deliver    
you4 ,when ,i return here from          
,brindaban on my way to ,puri1 come to  
me by some device4 ,krishna will at that
 time inspire you with the device4 ,who 
can hold back one whom ,krishna favours8
  ,raghunath returned home1 followed the
 ,master's advice1 outwardly gave up his
 mania and other-worldliness1 and did   
his proper work without being absorbed  
in it4 ,his parents were pleased at the 
change and relaxed their rigour4  ,here 
at ,shantipur1 the ,master embraced     
,adwaita and other bhaktas one by one   
and said1 ,permit me1 ye all1 to go to  
,puri4 ,as ,i have met you all here1 you
 need not go to ,puri this year4 ,from  
this place ,i will proceed to           
,brindaban4 ,grant your permission1 so  
that my journey may be safe4 ,holding   
,his mother's feet ,he long entreated   
her and got her consent to visit        
,brindaban1 and then sent her back to   

,navadwip4  ,he then set out for ,puri  
with ,his followers1 being served on the
 way by the same men as before4 ,on ,his
 arrival at ,puri there was a bustle in 
that village3 ,his joyful bhaktas came  
and were all embraced by ,him1--,kashi  
,mishra1 ,ramananda1 ,pradyumna1        
,sarvabhanma1 ,vaninath1 ,shikhi1       
,gadadhar ,pandit and others4 ,to them  
,he said1 ,i wanted to go to ,brindaban 
by way of ,bengal1 after seeing my      
mother and the ,ganges4 ,when ,i arrived
 in ,bengal a thousand followers        
gathered round me2 myriads of people    
flocked there to see the fun4 ,the crowd
 blocked the roads4 ,wherever ,i put up1
 the houses and walls were broken down  
by their pressure4 ,wherever the eye    
rested there was a sea of heads4 ,with  
great difficulty ,i reached the ,ramkeli
 village1 where two brothers ,rup and   
,sanatan came to me4 ,they were foremost
 of devotees1 winners of ,krishna's     
grace1 outwardly royal ministers and    
governors1 old in knowledge faith and   

wisdom1 and yet behaving as meeker than 
grass4 ,their humility could have       
pierced a stony 7heart74 ,highly pleased
 ,i gave them leave saying1 ',it is good
 to be lowly and curb one's own pride4  
,soon will ,krishna deliver you4' ,when 
going away ,sanatan spoke a riddle3 ',to
 be followed by a million men is not the
 right manner of visiting ,brindaban4'  
,at that time ,i did not mind the       
saying1 and next morning reached a      
village named ,kanai's ,dancing-hall4   
,here at night ,i pondered over         
,sanatan's dark saying and it struck me1
 ',he has spoken well4 ,with so many men
 following me1 people will point at me  
as parading saint-ship4 ,lonely is that 
,brindaban1 hard to win1 difficult of   
access4 ,i must go there alone or with  
only one companion4' ,madhavendra ,puri 
had gone there all alone1 and 7hence7   
had ,krishna appeared to him on the     
pretext of serving him with milk4 ,and  
,i1--,i am going there like a travelling
 showman4 ,it is not fit to visit       

,brindaban with a host4 ,a pilgrimage   
thither accords only with solitary      
travelling4 ,instead of my going there  
alone 7as is proper71 an army is        
accompanying me beating drums6 ,o ,shame
 on me6 ,o ,shame on me6 ,so saying ,i  
became unsettled1 gave up the journey   
and returned to thfe ,ganges4 ,leaving  
my bhaktas at different places ,i have  
arrived here with only five or six4     
,favour me and give me your counsel how 
,i may peacefully go to ,brindaban4 ,i  
have failed to reach ,brindaban because 
,i left ,gadadhar behind here and thus  
pained him6 ,at this ,gadadhar in       
rapture seized the ,master's feet and   
spoke meekly1 ,wherever you are1 there  
is ,brindaban1 there ,jamuna1 ,ganges   
and all holy places4 ,you are going to  
,brindaban only to give an object-lesson
 to men4 ,you will do what your heart   
likes4 ,the rainy season is coming4     
,spend these four months at ,puri4      
,thereafter do as you list4 ,go or stay 
as you like4 ,who can prevent you8 ,the 

other bhaktas joined in and said1       
,gadadhar has voiced our thoughts4      
,yielding to their wishes1 the ,master  
stayed there four months4 ,pratap ,rudra
 was glad to hear of it4 ,that day      
,gadadhar feasted the ,master and ,his  
bhaktas4 ,text1 canto #af4  #a ,the     
author1 however1 tells us in canto #a   
that ,ramananda ,ray accompanied the    
,master to ,bhadrak4 ,remuna is #e miles
 west and ,bhadrak #bh miles south of   
,baleshwar4    ,,chapter ,,xv  ,the     
,pilgrimage to ,brindaban  ,with the    
coming of early autumn the ,master's    
mind turned to ,his pilgrimage4 ,he     
secretly took counsel with ,ramananda   
and ,swarup1 saying1 ,if you two help   
me1 ,i can visit ,brindaban4 ,at night  
,i shall quit my bed and escape by the  
forest path without taking a single     
attendant4 ,if any one afterwards seeks 
to follow me1 do you detain him1 letting
 none depart4 ,mind not the sorrow4 ,be 
of good cheer and give me leave4 ,if ,i 
leave you pleased1 my way-faring will be

 happy4  ,the two replied1 ,you are ,god
 and a free agent2 you act your will1   
subject to none4 ,but listen to one     
request of ours4 ,you have just now said
 that our happiness would make you      
happy4 ,well1 then1 ,sir1 grant this our
 prayer4 ,you must take a good ,brahman 
with you4 ,he will cook your food and   
carry your pots4 ,in the forest path you
 will not meet with any ,brahman whose  
cooking is fit to be eaten4 ,give us    
leave to send a ,brahman along with you4
  ,the ,master replied1 ,no1 ,i shall   
take none of my own comrades with me4   
,if ,i take one1 the others will be     
grieved4 ,some sweet-souled stranger may
 be my companion4 ,i can take one such  
if ,i can get him4 ,swarup suggested1   
,here is ,balabhadra ,bhattacharya1     
tender to you1 a scholar1 a pious man   
and a gentleman4 ,he had come from      
,bengal with you during your first      
advent4 ,he wishes to visit all the     
tirthas4 ,he has a ,brahman servant2 he 
will do your cooking on the way4 ,we    

shall all be happy if you take him with 
you1 as then you will feel no hardship  
in making your way through the forest4  
,the ,brahman servant will carry your   
cloth1 water1 and pots1 while           
,bhattacharya will cook your food4 ,the 
,master agreed to it and took           
,balabhadra ,bhattacharya with ,him4    
,the night before1 ,he visited          
,jagannath and took the god's leave1 and
 before sunrise ,he slipped away        
unperceived4 ,in the morning the bhaktas
 missed ,him and ran about anxiously    
seeking ,him4 ,swarup stopped them1 and 
they stayed1 knowing such to be the     
,master's wish4 ,leaving the beaten     
track the ,master took to by-paths1 and 
passing by the left of ,katak entered   
the jungle4 ,in the lonely forest ,he   
fared forth1 chanting ,krishna's        
name1--elephants and tigers moved away  
from the path at the sight of ,him4 ,in 
an ecstatic mood ,he passed through     
herds of tigers1 elephants1 rhinoceroses
 and boars4 ,bhattacharya shrank in     

terror1 but they stepped aside cowed by 
the ,master's power4  ,one day a tiger  
was lying across the path4 ,the ,master 
in abstraction trod on it and cried1    
,speak ,krishna's name6 ,and lo6 the    
tiger stood up and began to dance1 while
 chanting ,krishna6 ,krishna6 ,another  
day ,he was bathing in the river1 when a
 herd of wild elephants came there to   
drink4 ,they arrived before ,him as ,he 
was offering the oblation of water4     
,bidding them repeat ,krishna's name ,he
 rushed sprinkling the water on them4   
,every elephant touched by that water   
shouted ,krishna and danced and ran     
about in love4 ,some rolled on the      
ground1 some bellowed1 to the marvel of 
,bhattacharya4  ,on the way the ,master 
sang kirtan aloud4 ,the deer flocked    
thither1 drawn by ,his sweet voice1 and 
marched with ,him on two sides1 while   
,he patted their backs and playfully    
recited the verses1 ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xxi4 
#aa4 ,just then six or seven tigers came
 up and joined the deer in accompanying 

the ,master4 ,the sight reminded the    
,master of ,brindaban and ,he recited   
the verses descriptive of the virtues of
 ,brindaban4 ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiii4 #ee4  
,when the ,master shouted ,chant        
,krishna's name1 the deer and the tigers
 danced together 7peacefully7 shout ing 
,krishna6 ,krishna6 a wonderful sight to
 ,balabhadra ,bhattacharya4 ,the tigers 
and deer embraced and kissed each other1
 the ,master smiling at the fun of it4  
,leaving them there ,he went on4 ,the   
peacock and other birds1 on seeing ,him1
 proceeded in ,his company singing      
,krishna6 and dancing like mad4 ,the    
,master shouted1 ',say ,hari6' ,trees   
and creepers rejoiced at the sound4 ,to 
all the animate and inanimate things in 
the jungle of ,chota ,nagpur            
7,jharikhand7 ,he communicated the name 
of ,krishna and maddened them with love4
 ,in every village that ,he passed      
through or halted in1 all the men were  
filled with devotion4 ,if one heard the 
name of ,krishna from ,his lips1 he     

spread it to a second1 the second to a  
third1 and so on4 ,all chanted          
,krishna-,hari's name1 danced1 wept1 and
 laughed2 from one to another the whole 
land became ,vaishnav4 ,though for fear 
of drawing a crowd the ,master concealed
 ,his devotion and gave no outward      
exhibition of it1 yet the very sight of 
,him1 the hearing of ,his words1 and    
,his power made all the people          
,vaishnpv4 ,travelling in ,central      
,bengal1 ,east ,bengal1 ,west ,bengal1  
and ,orissa1 ,he had delivered the      
people there4 ,now1 on the pretext of a 
pilgrimage to ,mathura1 ,he came to     
,jharikhand and saved the ruffianly     
bearish people by teaching them the     
faith that springs from ,krishna's name4
 ,the wood suggested ,brindaban1 every  
hill looked like ,govardhan1 every river
 seemed to ,him a ,jamuna4 ,there ,he   
danced in ecstasy1 and fell down        
weeping4  ,bhattacharya gathered all    
green leaves1 roots and fruits wherever 
he found them on the way4 ,when they    

halted at a village1 six or seven       
,brahmans would invite ,him2 one        
supplied ,bhattacharya with rice1       
another with milk1 curds1 ghee1 or      
sugar4 ,where there was no ,brahman     
inhabitant1 all the ,shudra merchants   
invited ,bhattacharya4 ,he cooked the   
wild vegetables1 which delighted the    
,master4 ,he kept a store of rice to    
last for three or four days4 ,in the    
lonely parts of the jungle1 where there 
was no human habitation1 ,bhattacharya  
cooked that rice with soup of wild      
vegetables4 ,the picnic delighted the   
,master exceedingly and the solitude    
gratified ,him4 ,bhattacharya served    
,him as tenderly as a slave1 his        
,brahman carrying the water-pot and     
clothing4 ,thrice daily ,he bathed in   
the hot springs1 twice ,he warmed       
,himself by the fire1 as fuel was       
abundant2 ever did ,he move in solitude 
rapt in love4 ,feeling the bliss 7of    
such a life7 ,he said1 ,much have ,i    
travelled1 but nowhere have ,i found any

 trace of the 7alleged7 hardships of    
journeying in forests4 ,passing gracious
 has ,krishna been to me3 ,he has       
directed me to this forest path to give 
me varied delight4 ,previously when ,i  
had resolved to visit ,brindaban after  
seeing my mother1 the ,ganges and my    
bhaktas1 and taking a party of my       
followers faith me1 and with that aim   
went to ,bengal1 and after delighting   
myself with the sight of those dear     
ones1 ,i set out joyfully with my       
followers1 a million people joined me4  
,then ,krishna instructed me through the
 mouth of ,sanatan2 ,he hindered that   
journey and brought me to this forest   
path4 ,o ,ocean of ,mercy6 gracious unto
 this humble wretch6 ,there can be no   
pleasure without thy grace6 ,then       
embracing ,bhattacharya ,he said1 ,all  
this pleasure have ,i through thy help4 
,but ,bhattacharya replied1 ,you are    
,krishna1 you are the gracious one6 ,i  
am a despicable being2 you have taken   
pity on me2 you have 7deigned to7 take  

me with you1 and to eat food cooked by  
me4 ,i am a wretch4 ,but you have       
ennobled this crow to the rank of       
,garuda4 ,you are ,god ,himself1 a free 
being6  ,thus did ,balabhadra hymn the  
,master and please ,his mind by his     
loving service4 ,thus enjoying much     
bliss ,he reached ,benares and bathed at
 noon at the ,mani-,karnika ghat4 ,tapan
 ,mishra was then bathing there1 and    
felt some surprise on seeing the        
,master1 as he had previously 7only7    
heard of ,chaitanya having turned       
hermit4 ,when the recognition became    
certain1 he was filled with rapture1 and
 wept clasping the ,master's feet1 but  
,he raised and embraced him4 ,the       
,mishra guided the ,master to the temple
 of ,vishweshwar and ,bindu ,madhav1 and
 at last brought ,him to his own house1 
where he served ,him1 danced 7in        
ecstasy7 with his garment fluttering1   
drank with his whole family the washings
 of the ,master's feet1 fed ,him1       
honoured ,balabhadra ,bhattacharya1 and 

arranged for his cooking4  ,after taking
 ,his meal the ,master lay down1 the    
,mishra's son1 ,raghu1 shampooing ,his  
feet4 ,the ,mishra family ate the       
leavings of the ,master's plate4        
,chandra-,shekhar1 a scribe of the      
,vaidya caste1 resident in ,benares1 a  
friend of the ,mishra and a devotee of  
the ,master1 came there on hearing of   
,his arrival4 ,as he wept at ,his feet1 
,chaitanya lifted up and graciously     
embraced him4 ,chandra-,shekhar said1   
,great is thy grace1 ,master that thou  
hast appeared to thy servant6 ,at my    
first coming to ,benares ,i used to hear
 nothing but the words 'illusion' 7maya7
 and ,brahma4 ,here nothing was preached
 except expositions of the six systems  
of philosophy4 ,then the ,mishra kindly 
told me of ,krishna1 and we two         
meditated ceaselessly on thy feet4      
,omniscient ,god6 thou hast appeared to 
us4 ,let us both serve thee for some    
days before thou goest to ,brindaban1 as
 we hear4 ,the ,mishra added1 ,master1  

during your stay at ,kashi do not       
consent to dine anywhere except in my   
house4 ,thus the ,master1 compelled by  
,his two devotees1 stayed there for some
 ten days against ,his will4 ,a ,maratha
 ,brahman came to see ,him1 marvelled at
 ,his beauty and devotion1 and invited  
,him1 but ,he declined saying that ,he  
was already engaged for the day4 ,with  
the same plea ,he put him off day after 
day in fear of some sannyasis joining   
,his company4  ,prakashananda used to   
deliver public lectures on ,vedanta to  
his many pupils4 ,the ,maratha ,brahman1
 after having viewed the ,master1       
described ,him to ,prakashananda thus1  
,a sannyasi has come here from          
,jagannath1 whose glory and power ,i    
cannot adequately describe4 ,big of     
limbs1 fair as the purest gold1         
long-armed1 lotus-eyed1 clad in all the 
marks of ,god-head1 as one can see4 ,o1 
marvel6 ,the sight of ,him convinces one
 that ,he is ,narayan4 ,whosoever       
beholds ,him chants ,krishna's          

sankirtan4 ,all the marks of a great    
bhagabat as described in the ,bhagabat  
are evident in ,him4 ,ever does ,his    
tongue sing ,krishna's name1 ,his eyes  
run tears like the ,ganges stream4 ,now 
,he dances1 now laughs1 now sings and   
now weeps1 or at times roars like the   
lion4 ,the world's benefactor is ,he1   
named ,krishna-,chaitanya4 ,his name1   
appearance1 and virtues1 all are        
matchless4 ,to see ,him is to know ,him 
as fashioned in ,god's mould4 ,hearing  
will not make one credit this marvellous
 tale4  ,the philosopher laughed much   
and scoffed at the ,brahman1 saying1 ,i 
have heard that there is a sannyasi in  
,bengal1 an emotionalist1 a disciple of 
,keshav ,bharati and a fraud on the     
public4 ,he is named ,chaitanya1 and    
with his emotional band he roams over   
the country dancing4 ,everyone who sees 
him calls him ,god4 ,such is his spell1 
all beholders are bewitched4 ,i hear    
that the great scholar ,sarvabhauma     
,bhattacharya has turned mad in this    

,chaitanya's company4 ,he is a sannyasi 
in name only1 but really a great wizard4
 ,but his stock in trade of             
sentimentality will not sell at ,kashi6 
,attend to ,vedanta2 do not resort to   
him6 ,the companionship of the wild man 
will ruin you in life and death4        
,grieved at these words1 the ,maratha   
,brahman left the place appealing to    
,krishna4 ,his mind having been purged  
by the ,master's sight1 he came to ,him 
and unfolded the tale of his sorrow4    
,the ,master smiled4 ,the ,brahman      
continued1 ,when ,i first mentioned you 
to him1 he said that he knew you4 ,when 
he uttered your name in the course of   
his abuse of you1 he thrice used the    
form ,chaitanya without adding ,krishna6
 ,it grieved me to hear him speak your  
name in such a contemptuous manner4     
,tell me the reason of his conduct1 for 
my lips uttered ,krishna's name as soon 
as ,i saw you4 ,the ,master replied1    
,the philosophers who hold the doctrine 
of illusion sin against ,krishna4 ,they 

constantly prate about ,brahma1 ,atma   
and ,chaitanya1 and cannot utter the    
name of ,krishna1 because that is       
equivalent to ,krishna's self4 ,the     
name1 the image1 and the self of a god  
are all one2 there is no distinction    
between them2 the three are of the form 
of soul's bliss 7chidananda74 ,between  
,krishna's body and personality1 between
 his name and ,krishna himself there is 
no difference4 ,in the case of          
creatures1 no doubt1 name1 body1 and    
personality are different from one      
another4 ,vide ,hari-bhakti-vilas xi4   
#bfi4  ,therefore ,krishna's name1 body1
 and action 7vilas7 cannot be           
comprehended by the natural senses2 they
 manifest themselves4 ,his name1        
qualities1 and antics are the soul's    
bliss 7chidananda7 like ,krishna's own  
form4 ,from delight in ,god comes the   
fuller pleasure of appreciating         
,krishna's actions 7lila71 which attract
 and conquer the spiritual man4 ,vide   
,bhagabat1 ,,xii4 xii4 #eb4  ,from      

delight in ,god comes the fuller        
pleasure 7of relishing7 ,krishna's      
merits1 which attract the inmost spirit 
of the soul4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,i4 vi4   
#aj4 ,not to speak of ,krishna's feet1  
even the odour of the ,tulsi plant      
captivates the inmost sense of the soul4
 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,iii41 xv4 #dc4      
,therefore does ,krishna's name fail to 
rise to his lips2 the ,illusionists are 
mere ,phenomenalists4 ,he has said that 
,i have come to ,kashi with a parcel of 
sentiments for which there is no        
customer here1 and ,i must take it all  
back6 ,well1 how shall ,i carry away    
this heavy load8 ,i will sell it here   
even for a trifle6 ,so saying and making
 that ,brahman ,his own1 next morning   
,he set out for ,mathura4 ,the three    
followed ,him1 but ,he sent them home   
from a distance4 ,in ,his absence they  
used to meet together and sing ,his     
praise1 mad with love4 ,at ,allahabad   
,he bathed in the ,triveni1 and danced  
and sang in devotion before the image of

 ,madhav4 ,in rapture at the sight of   
the ,jamuna1 ,he jumped into it1 but was
 hurriedly dragged out by ,bhattacharya4
 ,three days ,he spent thus at          
,allahabad saving men by imparting to   
them the love and name of ,krishna4 ,on 
the way to ,mathura wherever ,he halted1
 ,he made the people dance to ,krishna's
 loved name4 ,he now made the people of 
the ,west ,vaishnavs1 as ,he had        
formerly done those of the ,south4      
,wherever ,he came to the ,jamuna on the
 way1 ,he leapt into it1 senseless with 
love4  ,on approaching ,mathura1 ,he    
prostrated ,himself in an ecstasy of    
devotion at the sight of the city4 ,here
 ,he bathed in the ,vishram ghat1 and   
bowed to ,kesav's image at the place of 
his nativity4 ,he danced1 sang1 and     
shouted in rapture1--men marvelling at  
his fervour4 ,one ,brahman clasped ,his 
feet and then began to dance with ,him  
over come with love4 ,both danced in    
rapture1 embraced each other1 and cried 
,hari6 ,krishna6 with uplifted arms4    

,the spectators shouted ,hari6          
,hari6--there was a tumult2 the         
attendant of the image garlanded the    
,master4 ,marvelling at the sight of the
 ,master1 the people said1 ,such beauty 
and such devotion can never be human4   
,verily1 ,he is the incarnation of      
,krishna1 come to ,mathura to save      
mankind1 because at the sight of ,him   
men are intoxicated with love and laugh 
weep dance and sing ,krishna's name6    
,then the ,master took the ,brahman     
apart and asked him secretly1 ,you are a
 ,brahman1 noble-minded1 simple and old4
 ,whence did you acquire such wealth of 
love8 ,the man replied1 ,when           
,madhavendra ,puri came here on his     
travels1 he was pleased to be my guest2 
he made me his disciple and ate of my   
cooking4 ,that great soul revealed the  
7concealed7 ,gopal1 who is worshipped at
 ,govardhan to this day4 ,at this the   
,master touched his feet1 but the       
,brahman in alarm fell down at the      
,master's feet4 ,the ,master explained1 

,you are my guru1 and ,i am almost a    
disciple to you4 ,the guru should not   
bow to the disciple4 ,the ,brahman in   
fear and surprise asked1 ,why do you1 a 
sannyasi1 use such language8 ,but stay6 
,your fervour makes me infer that you   
are connected with ,madhavendra ,puri by
 the tie of initiation4 ,he was filled  
with love of ,krishna3 nowhere do we    
find even the savour of such love except
 jmong those connected with him4 ,then  
,bhattacharya explained the ,master's   
relation to the ,puri1 at which the     
,brahman began to dance in rapture4 ,he 
conducted the ,master to his own house1 
and of his own will served ,him in many 
ways4 ,he made ,bhattacharya cook the   
,master's meal1 but ,he smilingly said1 
,the ,puri has dined with you4 ,do thou 
feed me4 ,this is an instruction for me4
 ,vide ,gita1 iii4 #ba4  ,though the    
,brahman was a ,sanoria1 at whose house 
sannyasis do not dine1 yet the ,puri1   
drawn by his truly ,vaishnav behaviour1 
had initiated and dined with him4 ,now  

that the ,master begged to eat of his   
cooking1 the ,brahman humbly said1      
,great is my fortune that ,i shall feast
 you4 ,you are ,god1 unfettered by rule 
and practice4 ,but the ignorant will    
blame you1 which ,i cannot bear to hear4
 ,the ,master answered1 ,the ,shruti1   
the ,smriti and all the sages are not of
 one opinion1 but at variance with one  
another4 ,the actions of good men are   
for confirming religion4 ,the ,puri's   
action is the essence of that religion4 
,vide ,ekadashi-tattwa1 ,vyas's words3  
',logical reasoning cannot establish our
 duty4 ,the ,shrutis are conflicting4   
,not a rishi whose views do not differ  
from those of others4 ,the truth of     
religion is hidden in a cave4 ,follow   
therefore the path trodden by good men4'
  ,then the ,brahman feasted the        
,master1 to see whom the citizens of    
,mathura came in lakhs4 ,the ,master    
appeared to them outside the house1 and 
with uplifted arms cried ,chant ,hari6  
,hari6 ,the men raised a shout of ,hari6

 and danced mad with love4 ,he bathed at
 the #bd ghats of the ,jamuna1 and was  
shown by that ,brahman all the holy     
sites3 ,swayambhu1 ,vishram1            
,dirgha-,vishnu1 ,bhuteshwar1           
,mahavidya1 ,gokarna1 c4  ,wishing to   
see the woods1 ,he took the ,brahman    
with ,him and visited the ,madhu-ban1   
the ,tal-ban1 ,kumud and ,bahula1 in all
 of which ,he sang in a fervour of love4
 ,the cows grazing by the way surrounded
 the ,master with loud bellowings1 but  
grew still at the sight of ,his over    
flowing devotion1 and licked ,his limbs 
tenderly4 ,when ,he became quiet1 ,he   
rubbed their backs1 and they would not  
leave ,him as ,he advanced4 ,the        
cowherds stopped them with great        
difficulty4  ,his voice drew to ,him    
herds of deer1 which gazed at ,his face1
 licked ,his body1 and followed ,him on 
the way without fear4 ,the black-bird   
and the bee sang sweetly on seeing ,him2
 the peacocks strutted dancing before   
,him4 ,at ,his coming the trees and     

creepers of ,brindaban put forth sprouts
 7as if they were thrilled7 and shed    
honey like tears4 ,branches laden with  
flowers and fruits1 bowed to ,his feet1 
as friend hastens to greet friend with a
 present4 ,at the sight of ,him1 the    
animate and inanimate things of         
,brindaban rejoiced1 as on meeting with 
their friend4 ,seeing their affection   
the rapt ,master played with them all1  
over come by their influence4 ,each tree
 and creeper ,he embraced2 in thought   
,he offered every flower and fruit to   
,krishna4 ,weeping1 trembling1 shaken   
with love1 ,he shouted1 ',say ,krishna6 
,krishna6' ,the living and the inert    
shouted ,krishna as if echoing ,his deep
 voice4 ,clasping the necks of the deer 
,he wept1 while the deer trembled and   
shed tears4 ,the green parrot with its  
mate appeared on the branches1 and on   
,his wishing to hear their speech they  
flew on to ,his hand and recited verses 
in praise of ,krishna4 ,vide            
,govinda-lilamrita1 xiii4 #bi c4        

,wonder and enthusiasm seized the       
,master at these words1 and the birds   
flew back to the branch4 ,delighted ,he 
gazed at the dance of the peacocks1 the 
neck of the bird reminding ,him of      
,krishna1 and ,he swooned away in       
rapture4 ,the 7local7 ,brahman and      
,bhattacharya nursed ,him1 sprinkled    
,him with water and fanned ,him with    
,his cloth4 ,loudly they poured         
,krishna's name into ,his ears1 7at     
which7 ,he awoke and rolled on the      
ground4 ,the brambles of the rough      
jungle path scratched ,his limbs1 but   
,bhattacharya took ,him in his lap to   
soothe ,him4 ,krishna's love had filled 
,his mind1 so ,he sprang up with the cry
 of ,chant6 ,chant6 and began to dance4 
,bhattacharya and the 7,mathura7        
,brahman sang ,krishna's name1 while the
 ,master wended ,his way dancing4 ,the  
,brahman marvelled at the fervour of    
,his love and grew concerned about ,his 
safety4 ,his passion of devotion on the 
way to ,brindaban grew tenfold of what  

it had been at ,puri2 it increased a    
thousandfold on seeing ,mathura1 and a  
hundred thousand times when ,he roamed  
the woods of ,brindaban4 ,when ,he was  
in other lands the mention of ,brindaban
 had caused ,his love to well out2 and  
now ,he had actually come to that       
,brindaban6 ,his soul was steeped in    
love day and night1 and ,he bathed and  
dined 7unconsciously7 as a matter of    
habit4 ,text1 canto #ag4    ,,chapter   
,,xvi  ,the ,master's doings at         
,brindaban  ,dancing thus the ,master   
reached the village of ,arith1 where ,he
 suddenly recovered ,his senses4 ,he    
asked the people about the ,radha pool  
7kunda72 but they knew it not1 nor did  
the ,brahman guide4 ,but the omniscient 
discovered the hidden tirthas and bathed
 in shallow pools in two rice-fields4   
,the villagers wondered at the          
spectacle4 ,the ,master began to praise 
the ,radha pool in love3 ,radha is      
dearest to ,krishna among all the       
milk-maids4 ,so is the ,radha-kunda dear

 7to him7 as the bathing-place of his   
darling4 ,in this pool ,krishna ever    
sported in the water with ,radha and on 
the bank he dallied in the rasa dance4  
,whosoever bathes once here gets from   
,krishna a love rivalling that of       
,radha4 ,the pool is charming like      
,radha's self2 its glory is great like  
,radha's4  ,recollecting ,krishna's acts
 in the pool1 ,he danced in rapture on  
the bank1 and painted ,his forehead with
 its mud4 ,bhattacharya took a little of
 the mud4 ,next1 the ,master went to the
 ,suman tank4 ,at the sight of the      
,govardhan hill ,he was affected1       
prostrated ,himself before it1 and madly
 embraced a rock4 ,in a frenzy of       
devotion ,he proceeded to the village of
 ,govardhan1 where he bowed to the god  
,hari-dev1 the first incarnation of     
,narayan1 who dwelt on the western edge 
of ,mathura4 ,before the god ,he danced 
in rapture1 the people at the wondrous  
news flocking to see ,him1 and admiring 
,his beauty and devotion4 ,the attendant

 of the image entertained ,him4         
,bhattacharya cooked in the             
,brahma-kunda and the ,master bathed1   
dined1 and passed the night in the      
temple4 ,at night ,he cogitated1 ,no1 ,i
 must not ascend ,govardhan4 ,how then  
can ,i get the sight of ,gopal8 ,he     
remained silent over the matter1 but    
,gopal knowing ,his mind1 played a      
trick4 ,the god ,gopal was installed at 
,anna-kut1 a village of the ,rajputs4   
,some one informed the headman at night 
that the ,turks were arming to sack the 
village1 and so they should all flee at 
night with their god4 ,the villagers in 
alarm first transferred ,gopal to the   
,ganthuli village1 where the god was    
worshipped in secret in a ,brahman's    
house4 ,then they all fled1 leaving the 
village empty4 ,thus did ,gopal migrate 
repeatedly in fear of the ,muslims1     
being removed from temple to bower or to
 another village4  ,in the morning the  
,master after bathing in the ,manas     
,ganga1 set out to walk round           

,govardhan4 ,moved to rapture at the    
sight of the hill1 ,he advanced dancing 
and chanting the verses1 ,bhagabat1 ,x4 
xxi4 #ah4  ,bathing at the              
,govinda-kunda and other holy spots1 ,he
 learnt that ,gopal had gone to         
,ganthuli1 whither ,he proceeded to see 
the god1 before whom ,he danced and sang
 in a transport of devotion4 ,moved by  
,gopal's beauty ,he recited a shloka and
 danced till the close of the day4  ,for
 three days did ,he view ,gopal2 on the 
fourth day ,gopal came away with ,him1  
as ,he walked singing and dancing1 and  
went back to his former temple on the   
hill1 while the ,master stayed at the   
foot of it4 ,the people in delight      
cheered aloud ,hari6 ,hari6 ,thus does  
the tender ,gopal descend from the hill 
on some pretext1 in order to show       
himself to the devotee who passionately 
longs to see him and yet declines to set
 foot upon ,govardhan4 ,thus did he     
appear to ,rup and ,sanatan4 ,when ,rup 
was too old to walk and yet longed to   

see ,gopal's charms1 the god took refuge
 for a month in the ,vithaleshwar temple
 at ,mathura in fear of the ,muslims4   
,then ,rup with his disciples saw him   
there for a month4 ,rup's disciples     
named4 ,after a month ,gopal went back  
to his temple1 while ,rup returned to   
,brindaban4  ,then the ,master visited  
the ,kamya forest1 and all other places 
in ,brindaban in the manner described   
before4 ,thence to ,nandishwar1 at the  
sight of whom ,he fell into an ecstasy4 
,after bathing in the ,paban and other  
pools1 ,he climbed the hill and asked if
 there was any temple on the top4 ,being
 directed by the local people1 ,he      
entered the cave and there beheld the   
image of the fair dancing ,child between
 his robust parents4 ,he bowed at the   
feet of ,nanda and ,yashoda1 and in     
rapture touched all the limbs of the    
child ,krishna4 ,after dancing and      
singing there all day1 ,he visited the  
,khadir wood1 the ,vishnu reposing on   
the ,sesha ,snake1 ,khela-tirtha1 the   

,bhandir wood1 the ,bhadra wood 7across 
the ,jamuna71 the ,shri-ban1 the        
,ivauha-ban1 the ,maha-ban1 7the        
birth-place of ,radha71 where ,he beheld
 the site of the killing of ,yamalarjun1
 to the over flowing of ,his love4      
,after visiting ,gokul ,he returned to  
,mathura4 ,here ,he stayed at that      
,brahman's house1 visiting ,krishna's   
birth-shrine2 but ,he left ,mathura on  
account of its press of people and dwelt
 in seclusion at ,akrur-tirtha4         
,another day ,he visited ,brindaban1    
bathed in the ,kaliya lake and          
,praskandan4 ,from the ,twelve ,suns    
7,dwadash ,aditya7 ,he went to the      
,kashi tirtha4 ,at the place of rasa ,he
 fainted away in love1 and on recovering
 rolled on the ground1 laughed1 wept1   
danced1 recited verses1 and sang4 ,in   
such deeds was the day spent there1 in  
the evening ,he returned to ,akrur for  
breakfast4  ,next morning ,he bathed at 
the ,chiraghat of ,brindaban1 and rested
 under a very ancient tamarind tree of  

the age of ,krishna's exploits1 with a  
smooth platform built round its trunk4  
,close by flowed the ,jamuna2 cool      
breezes blew2 the water of the ,jamuna  
gazed at the beauty of ,brindaban4      
,after singing the holy names under the 
tamarind tree1 the ,master performed    
,his noonday prayer and breakfasted at  
,akrur4 ,the people of the village      
crowded in such numbers to see ,him that
 ,he could not dance freely4 ,so ,he    
came back to ,brindaban1 and sitting    
apart sang the holy names till noon4 ,in
 the third quarter of the day ,he       
appeared to the people and advised them 
all to make sankirtan of ,krishna's     
name4  ,then arrived a ,vaishnav1 of the
 ,rajput race1 named ,krishna-das1 a    
householder living in a village on the  
other side of the ,jamuna4 ,after       
bathing in the ,keshighat he was going  
to the ,kali lake when he suddenly      
beheld a holy man sitting under the     
tamarind tree4 ,admiring the beauty and 
fervour of the ,master1 he bowed to ,him

 in devotion4 ,to the ,master's query as
 to who he was1 he replied1 ,i am a     
miserable householder1 a ,rajput from   
across the river4 ,i long to be servant 
to a ,vaishnav4 ,last night in sleep ,i 
saw a vision which exactly agrees with  
you4 ,as the ,master graciously embraced
 him1 the ,rajput mad with love danced  
crying ,hari6 ,hari6 ,he followed the   
,master at noon to the ,akrur-tirtha and
 ate ,his leavings4 ,next morning he    
bore the ,master's water-pot to         
,brindaban and kept ,his company1       
leaving his wife1 children and home4    
,everywhere men began to say that       
,krishna had again appeared at          
,brindaban4 ,one morning the citizens of
 ,mathura were returning from ,brindaban
 with a great noise1 when the ,master   
met them and asked them whence they were
 coming4 ,they replied1 ,krishna has    
appeared in the water of the ,kali-daha 
lake4 ,he is dancing on the hood of the 
snake ,kaliya1 whose jewel is flashing  
in the water4 ,we have seen it with our 

own eyes4 ,it is beyond doubt4 ,the     
,master smiled and remarked1 ,it is all 
very true4 ,thus for three nights people
 flocked there1 all saying on their     
return that they had beheld ,krishna4   
,when they said in the ,master's        
presence that they had seen ,krishna1   
,saraswati indeed moved them to speak   
the truth1 for in seeing ,him they were 
beholding the true ,krishna2 while they 
were neglecting the real before their   
eyes in order to behold the unreal      
apparition of ,krishna in the lake4     
,when ,bhattacharya begged leave to     
behold ,krishna there1 the ,master      
slapped him and said1 ,you are a learned
 man1 and yet you have turned a fool1   
believing the story of fools6 ,why      
should ,krishna appear in that lake8    
,fools in their delusion are making a   
fuss about nothing4 ,don't lose your    
senses4 ,stay at home4 ,to-morrow at    
night go and see ,krishna4  ,in the     
morning a quiet man came to the ,master1
 and ,he asked him if he had seen       

,krishna4 ,the man replied1 ,a fisherman
 was catching fish in the lake with a   
lamp in his boat4 ,people seeing him    
from a distance mistook him for ,krishna
 dancing on the snake2 the boat was     
regarded as the snake's hood1 and the   
lamp as its crown-jewel6 ,true1 ,krishna
 has come to ,brindaban1 but it is not  
true that the people have seen him4 ,far
 from seeing him they are holding a     
false notion1 just as an imbecile sthanu
 man takes things in a contrary light4  
,the ,master asked1 ,where have you seen
 ,krishna8 ,the man replied1 ,you are a 
sannyasi a walking ,narayan4 ,you have  
come to ,brindaban1 as the incarnation  
of ,krishna1 to deliver all men by your 
appearance4 ,the ,master invoked ,god in
 horror and cried1 ,say not so6 ,never  
regard this1 the humblest of creatures1 
as ,krishna4 ,a sannyasi is a particle  
of chit1 a creature is like a single ray
 of light2 but ,krishna1 full of all the
 six powers1 is like the ,sun4 ,a       
creature and the ,creator can never be  

equal1 any more than a blazing fire and 
a solitary spark can be4 ,the fool who  
speaks of a creature as equal to ,god is
 a sinner1 destined to be punished by   
,yama4  ,the man replied1 ,you have not 
the human mind4 ,your appearance and    
character are like ,krishna's4 ,in form 
you resemble the ,son of ,braja's lord2 
your bright complexion eclipses your    
yellow robe4 ,the musk's fragrance      
cannot be concealed even if it is tied  
up in a cloth2 so too your ,godly nature
 cannot be kept hidden4 ,supernatural is
 your character1 your wisdom            
unfathomable1 the sight of you has      
driven the world mad with the love of   
,krishna4 ,woman1 child1 old man1 a     
,chandal1 or even a ,muslim1--whosoever 
once beholds you1 dances madly1 chanting
 ,krishna's name4 ,he becomes a teacher 
unto others and converts the world4 ,not
 to speak of seeing you1 the mere       
hearing of your name throws a man into a
 frenzy of devotion to ,krishna and     
makes him a spiritual deliverer to all  

others4 ,your name sanctifies even      
,chandals4 ,super human are your        
powers1--beyond description4 ,vide      
,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 xxxiii4 #f4 ,such is  
your glory1 you have the attributes of  
detachment4 ,your form and attributes   
prove you to be ,krishna6  ,the ,master 
favoured these men1 and they returned   
home wild with love4 ,thus did ,he stay 
a few days at ,akrur1 saving men by     
imparting to them the love of ,krishna's
 name4 ,that disciple of ,madhav ,puri  
invited every householder in ,mathura4  
,the people of ,mathura1 ,brahmans and  
good men1 in parties of ten or twenty   
every day invited ,bhattacharya1 who    
could accept only one of the            
invitations4 ,the people1 getting no    
opportunity of giving dinners1 pressed  
that ,brahman to accept their           
hospitality4 ,kanauji1 ,deccani1 and    
,vaidik ,brahmans all humbly asked the  
,master to dinner4 ,they came to ,akrur 
in the morning1 cooked1 offered the food
 to the ,shalgram1 and fed the ,master  

on it4 ,one day1 sitting on the ,akrur  
ghat1 the ,master reflected1 ,here did  
,aknir see ,vaikuntha1 and the people of
 ,brindaban got a view of heaven4 ,so   
saying ,he jumped into the water2       
,krishna-das set up a loud lamentation2 
,bhattacharya hurried there and dragged 
the ,master out4 ,then he took secret   
counsel with the 7local7 ,brahman1      
saying1 ,the ,master was rescued only   
because ,i was at hand4 ,but if ,he is  
drowned at ,brindaban who will save     
,him8 ,here we have crowds of visitors  
and the plague of invitation every day4 
,it is not good for ,him to be          
constantly in an ecstasy4 ,the best plan
 would be to remove ,him from           
,brindaban4 ,the ,brahman 7host7        
replied1 ,let us take ,him to ,prayag2  
we shall enjoy the journey along the    
bank of the ,ganges4 ,you should ask    
,his consent to bathe in the ,ganges at 
,soron and then start with ,him by the  
same route4 ,it is now the month of     
,magh2 if we start now1 we shall reach  

,prayag in time for bathing during      
,capricorn4 ,after saying something of  
your own sorrows1 broach to him the     
request to lead you to ,prayag during   
,capricorn4 ,tell ,him also of the joy  
of following the bank of the ,ganges4   
,then ,bhattacharva besought the ,master
 thus ,i cannot bear this disturbance by
 the people4 ,they worry me to accept   
their invitations4 ,when people come in 
the morning and fail to find you1 they  
plague me to death4 ,i shall be happy if
 ,i follow the bank of the ,ganges1 and 
starting now reach ,prayag in time for  
bathing in ,capricorn4 ,my mind is      
restless4 ,i cannot bear our life here4 
,i submit to whatever the ,master may be
 pleased to command4 ,though unwilling  
to leave ,brindaban1 the ,master1 to    
gratify ,his bhakta1 said sweetly1      
,never shall ,i be able to repay my debt
 to you for your having escorted me to  
,brindaban4 ,i shall do your wish4 ,take
 me wherever you desire4  ,in the       
morninq-,he bathed and became overcome  

with devotion at the thought of leaving 
,brindaban4 ,unconscious of the things  
outside1 ,he fell into a trance of love4
 ,bhattacharya took ,him in a boat      
across the river to ,maha-ban4 ,the     
devoted ,krishna-das and that ,brahman  
knew the route along the ,ganges4 ,on   
the way ,he sat down under a tree with  
,his party1 in order to refresh them    
from fatigue4 ,many cows were grazing   
there1 and the sight filled ,him with   
delight4 ,suddenly a cowherd played on  
his flute1 and at once rapture seized   
the ,master2 ,he fell down in a swoon1  
foaming at the mouth and ,his breathing 
stopped4  ,just then ten ,pathan        
cavalrymen arrived there1 dismounted1   
and gazing at the ,master jumped to the 
conclusion that ,his five companions    
were sharpers who had poisoned ,him with
 dhutura in order to rob ,him of ,his   
gold4 ,so they tied up the five and     
threatened to behead them4 ,the         
,bengalis began to tremble2 only the    
,rajput ,krishna-das was fearless and   

that ,brahman bold of speech4 ,the      
,brahman cried out1 ,tathan6 ,i appeal  
to your ,padshah6 ,take me with you to  
the shikdar4 ,this hermit is my guru2 ,i
 am a ,brahman of ,mathura4 ,i have a   
hundred acquaintances at the royal      
,court4 ,this hermit has a disease which
 makes ,him fall down in a fit4 ,he will
 soon recover consciousness4 ,wait a    
little here4 ,keep us tied up4 ,after   
inquiring of ,him1 slay us if we        
deserve4 ,the ,pathan replied1 ,you two 
are up-country men2 here are three      
,bengali thugs quaking in fear4         
,krishna-das said1 ,i live in this      
village1 with #ajj troopers and #bjj    
bowmen under me4 ,if ,i raise a shout   
they will come here1 kill you1 and take 
away your horses and accoutrement4 ,the 
,bengalis are not sharpers4 ,you are    
rogues1 as you want to rob pilgrims and 
to kill them6 ,at this the ,pathan      
hesitated4 ,just then the ,master came  
to ,his senses1 rose up with a shout of 
,hari6 ,hari6 and danced in rapture with

 uplifted arms4  ,his devotional cry    
pierced the heart of the ,muslim1 who in
 fear released the five1 so that the    
,master saw not the captivity of ,his   
followers4 ,bhattacharya held and seated
 the ,master1 who became aware of the   
things around ,him when ,he saw the     
,muslims4 ,the ,pathans bowed at ,his   
feat and charged the five with having   
poisoned ,him with dhutura4 ,but ,he    
replied1 ,they are not thugs1 but my    
companions4 ,i am a begging hermit1 with
 no wealth to be robbed4 ,occasionally  
,i fall into epileptic fits1 when these 
five kindly nurse me4 ,one of the       
,muslims1 a grave man clad in black and 
called a ,pin1 was melted at heart on   
seeing the ,master4 ,he propounded      
monotheism and one common ,god1 on the  
basis of his holy book 7viz41 the       
,quran74 ,but the ,master refuted all   
his propositions by arguments based on  
the ,muslim scripture1 till the man was 
silenced4 ,the ,master continued1 ,your 
scripture establishes one common ,god in

 the beginning and refuting that theory 
sets up in the end a particular ,god1   
who is full of all powers1 dark of hue1 
the embodiment of sat1 chit and ananda1 
the perfect ,spirit1 the soul of all1   
all-pervading1 eternal1 the self of     
every thing1 the source of creation life
 and destruction1 the refuge of all     
universes whether gross or fine1 the    
most excellent1 adorable by all1 the    
first cause of everything4 ,men are     
saved by faith in ,him11 and freed from 
the bondage of the world only by serving
 ,him4 ,delight in ,him is the supreme  
human attainment1 while salvation can   
give only a particle of that bliss4 ,the
 highest beatitude comes only from      
serving ,his feet4 ,after first         
insisting on work1 knowledge and mental 
abstraction1 these are then set aside   
and the service of ,god is laid down as 
the final duty4 ,your theologians have  
no knowledge of their own scriptures2   
they forget that where there are two    
injunctions1 the latter is sronger4     

,decide after studying your own holy    
books1 and see what is laid down as the 
final conclusion4  ,the ,muslim replied1
 ,true are your words4 ,men cannot      
realize ,god as described in the        
scriptures4 ,they discourse on the      
abstract ,god 7,gosain72 nobody thinks  
of adoring the incarnate ,god4 ,you are 
such1 ,god's own self4 ,have mercy on   
me1 unworthy sinner6 ,much have ,i read1
 but cannot ascertain the sadhya and    
sadhan from the ,muslim scriptures4 ,at 
the sight of you my tongue utters       
,krishna's name1 and ,i have been cured 
of my proud confidence in my own        
knowledge4 ,tell me graciously what are 
sadhya and sadhan4 ,so saying he fell at
 the ,master's feet1 who said1 ,rise6   
,in repeating ,krishna's name you have  
been washed pure from the sins of       
million births4 ,say ,krishna6 ,krishna6
 ,they chanted the name and were filled 
with rapture4 ,the ,master renamed him  
,ramdas4  ,there was another ,pathan    
named ,bijuli ,khan1 a young ,prince and

 the master of ,ramdas and other ,pathan
 troopers4 ,he too fell down at the     
,master's feet1 with the cry of         
,krishna6 ,the ,master touched his head 
with ,his toe1 and went on ,his way4    
,all the ,pathans turned bairagis and   
were famous as ,pathan ,vaishnavs4 ,they
 roamed everywhere singing the ,master's
 praise4 ,the ,bijuli ,khan became a    
very spiritual person honoured in every 
tirtha4  ,at ,soron ,he bathed in the   
,ganges and walked along the river bank 
to ,prayag4 ,when ,he dismissed the     
,mathura ,brahman and ,krishna-das1 they
 begged with folded palms1 ,let us      
follow you to ,prayag4 ,where again     
shall we see your feet8 ,it is a ,muslim
 country1 you may be oppressed anywhere4
 ,your companion1 ,bhattacharya1 is a   
mere pandit and does not know how to    
address people4 ,the ,master smilingly  
consented and they followed ,him4       
,everyone who beheld ,him turned frantic
 with love and sang sankirtan aloud4    
,they communicated their faith to       

others1 and these to others again1 so   
that the whole land became ,vaishnav1   
just as the ,master had previously      
converted the ,south during ,his        
pilgrimage4  ,so walking ,he reached    
,prayag1 where ,he bathed for ten days  
at the junction of the three rivers     
during the sun's progress through       
,capricorn4 ,text1 canto #ah4           
,,chapter ,,xvii  ,how the ,master      
favoured ,rup  ,rup and ,sanatan1 after 
meeting the ,master at the village of   
,ramkeli1 went back to their own        
quarters4 ,the two brothers devised how 
to get rid of their worldly ties4 ,they 
secured two priests with costly gifts1  
and performed two ceremonies preparatory
 to a journey 7purashcharan7 in the     
mantra of ,krishna1 hoping thereby to   
attain speedily to ,chaitanya's feet4   
,then ,rup came to his own house by boat
 with much wealth1 of which he          
distributed one half to ,brahmans and   
,vaishnavs1 one quarter to his kinsmen  
for their support1 and laid by the other

 quarter for paying the fine4 ,the money
 was lodged with good ,brahmans1 and ten
 thousand ,rupees were deposited with a 
grocer at ,gaur1 subject to expenditure 
by ,sanatan4 ,when ,rup heard of the    
,master's journey to ,puri and of ,his  
intention to go to ,brindaban by the    
forest route1 he sent two agents to     
,puri to bring quickly word about the   
date of the ,master's starting for      
,brindaban1 as he wanted to shape his   
own course accordingly4  ,at ,gaur      
,sanatan thought within himself1 ,the   
,sultan's love for me is a tie 7keeping 
me here74 ,if he were only to turn      
angry1 it will be my deliverance4 ,on   
the plea of illness he stayed at home1  
gave up his official work1 and          
discontinued his visits to the ,court4  
,the greedy writers 7,kayastha7         
transacted the business of state 7in his
 absence71 while he at home discussed   
the ,shastras4 ,with twenty or thirty   
,bhattacharya pandits he discussed the  
,bhagabat in assembly4 ,one day the     

,sultan with only one attendant suddenly
 entered ,sanatan's meeting4 ,at the    
sight of the king1 all hurriedly stood  
up1 and seated him with due honour4 ,the
 ,sultan said1 ,i sent a physician to   
you1 who reported that you were in      
perfect health4 ,all my affairs depend  
on you1 and yet you are staying at home 
neglecting them6 ,you have ruined all my
 business4 ,tell me what you really mean
 by it8 ,sanatan replied1 ,i am unable  
to do the work4 ,get some one else for  
the purpose4 ,the ,sultan in anger cried
 out again and again1 ,your elder       
brother is acting like a robber4 ,he has
 desolated the districts 7chakla7 under 
him by killing men and cattle4 ,and here
 you are ruining all my affairs6        
,sanatan pleaded1 ,you are the free king
 of ,bengal2 punish all offenders4  ,at 
this the ,sultan returned to his palace 
and imprisoned ,sanatan lest he should  
escape4 ,when the king set out to invade
 ,orissa1 he asked ,sanatan to accompany
 him4 ,the minister replied1 ,i cannot  

bear you company1 as you are going to   
molest my gods4 ,then the ,sultan set   
out1 leaving ,sanatan in prison4  ,when 
the ,master set out for ,brindaban1 the 
two messengers brought news of it to    
,rup4 ,at this ,rup wrote to ,sanatan1  
,chaitanya has started for ,brindaban4  
,we two brothers are going to join him4 
,do you run away from ,gaur by hook or  
crook4 ,i have left ten thousand ,rupees
 with a grocer there4 ,spend it to      
secure your release soon1 and fly to    
,brindaban by any way that you can find4
 ,then ,rup went to ,prayag with his    
youngest brother1 ,anupam ,mallik       
7surnamed87 ,shri-,vallabh1 devout      
,vaishnav4  ,the ,master delighted at   
the news4 ,as ,he was going to visit    
,bindu ,madhav1 lakhs of men came to    
meet ,him1 some weeping1 some laughing1 
some singing and dancing1 others rolling
 on the ground while shouting ,krishna6 
,krishna6 ,the ,master drowned ,prayag  
in the flood of ,krishna's love1 while  
the ,ganges and the ,jamuna between them

 had failed to submerge the land6       
,seeing the crowd1 ,rup and his brother 
stood apart4 ,the ,master was thrown    
into ecstasy when beholding ,madhav1 and
 danced with uplifted arms shouting     
',say ,hari6 ,hari6' ,men marvelled at  
,his greatness4 ,his feats at ,prayag   
baffle description4 ,a ,deccani ,brahman
 who knew ,him1 took ,him to his house1 
where the ,master was sitting down in   
seclusion when ,rup and ,vallakh came to
 ,him4 ,with two blades of grass between
 their teeth1 they fell down prone on   
seeing ,him from afar4 ,again and again 
they rose up and fell down1 reciting    
many verses1 overcome with love at the  
sight of ,him4 ,graciously did the      
,master speak1 ,rise1 rise6 ,rup1 come  
to me6 ,krishna's grace passes all      
speech3 ,he has plucked you from the    
well of worldliness in which you were   
sunk4 ,witness the ,hari-bhakti-vilas1  
x4 #ia2 the words of ,god3  ',it is not 
by studying the four ,vedas that one can
 become my bhakta4 ,even low-caste      

,chandals can win my love by their      
faith4 ,to such bhaktas ,i grant my love
 and accept their love1 and they are    
worthy of adoration like myself'4       
,repeating the above verse ,he embraced 
both and placed ,his feet on their heads
 as a favour4 ,at this they praised ,him
 humbly with folded palms4 ,verses4     
,then the ,master seated them by        
,himself and asked for the news of      
,sanatan4 ,rup answered1 ,he is in the  
king's prison4 ,if you save him then    
only can he be released4 ,the ,master   
said1 ,sanatan has been set free and    
will soon join us all4 ,the ,brahman    
invited the ,master to dinner4 ,rup     
passed the day there4 ,balabhadra       
,bhattacharya bade both the brothers to 
dinner1 and the two ate the leavings of 
the ,master's plate4 ,the ,master lodged
 in a house on the junction of the      
rivers2 ,rup and ,vallabh took a house  
near it4  ,there was then one ,vallabh  
,bhatta#a at the village of ,ambuli4 ,he
 came on hearing of the ,master's       

arrival1 bowed to ,him1 received ,his   
embrace1 and the two discoursed long on 
,krishna1 at which the ,master's        
devotion surged up1 but ,he checked     
,himself in the presence of the ,bhatta1
 who detected the uncontrollable fervour
 within ,him and marvelled exceedingly4 
,then the ,bhatta invited the ,master1  
who introduced to him the two brothers4 
,they very humbly bowed to the ,bhatta  
from a distance1 and as he ran to meet  
them they receded further crying1 ,touch
 not untouchable sinners like us6 ,the  
,bhatta marvelled2 the ,master was      
delighted and told their story to the   
,bhatta1 adding1 ,touch not these2 they 
are of a low caste1 while you are a     
,vaidic sacrificial ,brahman1 old and a 
kulin4 ,hearing ,krishna's name         
incessantly on their lips1 the ,bhatta1 
taking hint from the ,master's winking1 
remarked1 ,krishna's name is dancing on 
their tongue4 ,they cannot be low2 they 
are the best of men4 ,witness the       
,bhagabat ,,iii4 xxxiii4 #g4  ,the      

,master1 pleased to hear it1 praised him
 much and in rapture recited these      
verses3  ,wise men will honour even a   
,chandal who has been purified in       
consequence of the sins of his low birth
 having been burnt away by the blazing  
fire of pure faith2 while an atheist is 
not to be honoured even though learned  
in the ,vedas4 ,vain are high pedigree1 
scholarship1 repetition of the holy     
name1 and austerities1 in a man who     
lacks faith in ,god4 ,as a lifeless doll
 is dressed up only for show to people1 
so are the virtues of a faithless man   
futile4 7,hari-bhakti-sudhodaya1 iii4   
#ab and #aa47  ,the ,bhatta wondered as 
he gazed at the ,master's passion of    
devotion1 power1 true faith1 and beauty4
 ,he took ,him with ,his followers in a 
boat to his own house for dinner4       
,beholding the sparkling blue waters of 
the ,jamuna1 the ,master was overcome by
 love1 and leaped into the river with a 
roar4 ,they were all seized with concern
 at it and hurriedly pulled ,him out of 

the water4 ,he began to dance on the    
boat1 which rolled right and left under 
,his weight and shipped a good deal of  
water1 being ready to sink4 ,his love   
was uncontrollable2 still in the        
presence of the ,bhatta the ,master     
checked ,himself1 as ,his transport was 
inopportune1 and disembarked at the     
,ambuli ghat4 ,the anxious ,bhatta1     
after keeping ,his company at bath1     
brought ,him to his own house1 gave ,him
 a fine garment1 washed ,his feet and   
poured the water on the heads of himself
 and his family4 ,he clothed the ,master
 in a new waist-band and dhuti1 and     
adored ,him with scents1 flowers1       
incense and lights4 ,bhattacharya cooked
 and the ,master dined2 so did ,rup and 
his brother2 ,rup and ,krishna-das were 
given the leavings of ,his dinner4      
,after chewing spices the ,master lay   
down to repose1 the ,bhatta rubbing ,his
 feet4 ,sent away by the ,master1 the   
,bhatta despatched his own dinner and   
came back to ,his feet4  ,now came there

 ,raghupati ,upadhyaya1 a great scholar 
and ,vaishnav of north ,bihar 7,tirhut74
 ,as he bowed1 the ,master greeted him  
with ,be thy mind fixed on ,krishna1--to
 the great delight of the ,upadhyaya4   
,at the ,master's request he recited    
verses of his own composition describing
 ,krishna's deeds4 ,verses4  ,the       
,master had a transport of love as ,he  
listened and urged the poet to proceed  
further4 ,the ,upadhyaya marvelled at   
such fervour1 and knew ,him to be       
,krishna himself and not a mortal4 ,the 
,master asked1 ,upadhyaya6 what do you  
consider most excellent8 ,the poet      
replied1 ,black is the best of colours4 
,where is the best abode of the black   
complexion8 ,the poet answered1 ,mathura
 is the best of cities4 ,which is the   
best age--boyhood1 maturity1 or         
adolescence8 ,the ,upadhyaya replied1   
,adolescence is the only age fit for our
 meditation4 ,which do you think is the 
best among emotions8 ,love is the       
highest of all emotions 7ras74 ,the     

,master remarked1 ,thou hast taught me  
the true lore1 and then in a tremulous  
voice recited ,madhavendra ,puri's      
verses 7embodying the above answers74   
,in rapture ,he embraced the ,upadhyaya1
 who began to dance in a frenzy of love4
  ,vallabh ,bhatta marvelled at the     
sight4 ,with his two sons he fell down  
at the ,master's feet4 ,the villagers   
flocked thither to see ,him1 and at ,his
 sight became worshippers of ,krishna4  
,vallabh ,bhatta stopped the ,brahmans  
who were inviting the ,master1 saying1  
,this holy man jumped into mid-,jamuna  
in ecstasy4 ,i must not detain ,him     
here1 but convey ,him back to ,prayag4  
,invite ,him there1 if you list4 ,so    
saying he carried the ,master across in 
the boat4  ,avoiding the press of the   
people1 the ,master went to the         
,dashashwamedh ghat and there taught    
,rup about ,krishna's essence1 the path 
of bhakti1 the lore of emotions1 the    
conclusions of the ,bhagabat4 ,he       
imparted to ,rup all the doctrines ,he  

had learnt from ,ramananda1 and infused 
7,his own7 force into ,rup's heart1 in  
order to make him a perfect doctor of   
,vaishnav theology4 7,verses quoted from
 the ,chaitanya-chandrodaya47  ,thanks  
to the ,master's grace on them1 ,rup and
 ,sanatan became objects of favour and  
pride to all ,his leading devotees and  
associates4 ,chaitanya's attendants used
 to ask every one who returned to       
,bengal from ,brindaban1 ,tell us how   
,rup and ,sanatan are living there4     
,tell us of their asceticism1 their     
meals1 their adoration of ,krishna all  
day4 ,then praising the two1 the        
returned pilgrims would answer1 ,the two
 are living homeless1 sleeping every    
night under a different tree4 ,in the   
,brahman houses they get coarse food1 in
 contrast with the sweetmeats they      
formerly fed upon4 ,they chew dry bread 
or gram1 leaving all enjoyments4 ,in    
their hands is the beggar's gourd1 they 
are wrapped in tattered quilts2 they    
speak of ,krishna1 chant his name1      

dance1 and exult4 ,throughout the day   
and night they recite ,krishna's praise1
 and sleep for two hours1 and sometimes1
 absorbed in the passion of chanting the
 name1 they deny themselves even that   
short sleep4 ,at times they compose     
works on bhakti1 hear discourses about  
,chaitanya1 and meditate on ,him4 ,these
 words greatly pleased the ,fathers of  
the ,church4 ,what wonder that such     
should be their life1 when ,chaitanya's 
grace was on them8  ,thus passing ten   
days at ,prayag1 the ,master taught ,rup
 and inspired him with strength1 adding1
 ,listen1 ,rup6 to the signs of a       
bhakta1 which ,i shall describe in brief
 sentences1 without going into detail4  
,i speak to you only of one drop of the 
shoreless profound ocean of bhakti1 in  
order to give you a smack of it4 ,behold
 in the universe countless beings that  
pass through #hd lakhs of births4 ,the  
nature of a creature is as minute as a  
hundredth part of a hundredth part of   
the point of a hair4 ,verses from the   

,shruti-byakhya1 and the ,panchadashi1  
#hc4  ',o1 immutable ,god6 if we admit  
that bodied beings are limitless1       
eternal and omnipresent1 then we cannot 
maintain the law that they are subject  
to you4 ,then the creatures1 though     
subject to birth1 will be law-givers    
unto themselves1 even though they have  
not risen above their mortal nature4    
,those who say that ,god and beings are 
equal1 know not thy true nature and     
their doctrines are false4 7,bhagabat1  
,x4 lxxxvii4 #bf47'  ,among creatures we
 must distinguish between the animate   
and the inanimate4 ,among the animate   
are many classes1 such as sky-dwellers1 
land animals1 water animals c41 men     
being only a minority of them4          
,eliminate from men the ,mlechchhas1    
,pulindas1 ,bauddhas1 and ,shabars2 and 
from the followers of the ,vedas        
one-half who follow the ,vedas in lips  
only1 doing sins condemned by the ,vedas
 and disregarding piety4 ,among         
religious people many are devoted to    

work as the means of salvation4 ,for ten
 million men devoted to work we have one
 devoted to knowledge1 and therefore    
superior to the former4 ,among ten      
million men devoted to knowledge we have
 only one liberated soul4 ,and among ten
 million liberated souls hardly one     
devotee of ,krishna is found4 ,the      
bhakta of ,krishna is passionless and   
tranquil1 while those who covet         
enjoyment1 salvation or siddhi are      
perturbed4 ,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,,vi4
 xiv #d4  ,in roving through the        
universe1 lucky is the man who gets the 
seed of the creeper of faith 7bhakti7   
through the grace of his guru and       
,krishna4 ,he sows the seed like a      
gardener1 waters it with hearing and    
chanting the holy name4 ,as the creeper 
grows it pierces through the universe1  
passes beyond the ,biraja ,brahma world 
to the ,para-byom1 and above that to the
 heavenly ,brindaban1 where it creeps up
 the wishing-tree of ,krishna's feet1   
spreads and bears fruit in the form of  

love 7prem74 ,if any sin against        
,vaishnavism is done1 it uproots or     
tears the creeper like a wild elephant1 
its leaves wither4 ,then the gardener on
 earth carefully covers it1 to save it  
from the elephant of sin4 ,but if       
parasites1 like love of enjoyment or    
salvation and countless other           
things1--or forbidden practices like    
rubbish1--slaughter of living           
beings1--thirst of gain or fame1 adhere 
to the creeper1 then these parasites    
flourish from the watering1 while the   
main creeper's growth is arrested4 ,cut 
off the parasites first2 then will the  
main branch reach the heavenly          
,brindaban4 ,when the mature fruit of   
love drops down1 the gardener tastes it1
 and proceeding up the creeper he       
reaches the wishing-tree4 ,there 7in    
,vishnu's heaven7 he tends the          
wishing-tree1 and blissfully tastes the 
juice of the fruit of love4 ,that is the
 highest fruit1 the supreme human bliss1
 in comparison with which the four human

 attainments are as straw4 ,from pure   
faith is born love4 ,therefore ,i tell  
you of the signs of pure faith3 ,leaving
 desire for others1 worship of others1  
knowledge and work1 devote all your     
senses to the cultivation of ,krishna4  
,this is pure faith1 the source of love4
 ,its signs are described in the        
,narada-pancha-ratra and the ,bhagabat1 
,,iii4 xxix4 #aj--ab c4  ,if one desires
 enjoyment1 salvation1 c41 he cannot    
kindle love1 even by means of devotion  
7sadhan74 ,from the culture of bhakti   
ardour is born2 when ardour deepens it  
is called love 7prem74 ,as love grows it
 is successively called sneha1 man1     
pranaya1 rag1 anurag1 bhab1 maha-bhab1  
just as we have successively cane-seed1 
sugarcane juice1 molasses1 sugar1 and   
fine sugarcandy4 ,all these are the     
enduring forms of bhakti in ,krishna1 if
 they are joined by provocation and     
addiction of mind4 ,when the spiritual  
7satwik7 and extensive 7byabhichari7    
emotions mingle together1 bhakti in     

,krishna becomes a veritable nectar in  
taste1 just as curd1 when mixed with    
sugar1 ghee1 pepper1 and camphor1       
becomes deliciously sweet4 ,in different
 bhaktas the inclination 7rati7 assumes 
different forms1 viz41 the shanta1 the  
dasya1 the sakhya1 the batsalya1 and the
 madhur4 ,from these differences in the 
nature of the passion1 the mood 7ras7 of
 ,krishna's love assumes five forms of  
the same name1 which are called the     
chief rasas1 while there are seven minor
 rasas1 viz41 the comic1 the grotesque1 
the heroic1 the pathetic1 the rude1 the 
horrible1 and the timid4 ,the five      
former moods permanently occupy the     
minds of bhaktas2 while the seven minor 
moods rise fitfully when they get a     
favourable occasion4 ,the nine sages who
 instructed king ,nimi and ,sanak and   
others are examples of bhaktas of the   
shanta mood4 ,countless are the bhaktas 
everywhere who illustrate the dasya     
mood4 ,the sakhya mood is typified in   
,shridam and other cow-boys and in ,bhim

 and ,arjun of ,hastinapur4 ,the bhaktas
 of the batsalya mood are father1 mother
 and other elders4 ,of the madhur mood  
of bhakti1 the examples are chiefly the 
milkmaids of ,brindaban1 ,krishna's     
queens1 ,lakshmi and countless others4  
,again1 ardour 7rati7 for ,krishna is of
 two kinds3 7#a7 accompanied by a sense 
of his ,godhead1 and 7#b7 pure and      
simple4 ,at ,gokul the latter was       
displayed1 free from any consciousness  
of his ,godhead1 while at ,mathura1     
,dwaraka1 ,vaikuntha and other places   
the former prevailed4 ,where the sense  
of his ,godhead is predominant1 love for
 him is contracted2 whereas the way of  
pure ardour is to disregard his ,godhead
 even when it is openly shown4 ,in the  
shanta and dasya emotions this          
consciousness of ,his ,godhead is a     
little kindled1 but in the batsalya1    
sakhya and madhur it is shrunk up4 ,when
 ,krishna bowed at the feet of ,vasudev 
and ,devaki1 they were frightened by the
 sense of his ,godhead4 ,witness the    

,bhagabat1 ,x4 xliv4 #ce4  ,arjun was   
awe-struck at beholding the vision of   
,krishna as ,god1 and begged his pardon 
for having treated him familiarly under 
the notion of a friend4 ,vide the ,gita1
 xi4 #da4 ,when ,krishna jested with    
,rukmini1 she became mortally afraid    
lest he should quit her4 ,vide the      
,bhagabat1 ,x4 ,ix4 #bc4  ,the pure love
 called kebala 7unmixed7 ignores his    
divinity1 and in case it does recognize 
him as ,god1 it disavows its loving     
connection with him4 ,vide the          
,bhagabat1 ,x4 viii4 #ce1 ix4 #ab1      
xviii4 #ad1 xxx4 #cb1 xxxi4 #af4  ,the  
shanta ras consists in recognizing the  
true nature of ,krishna and fixing the  
mind on him only4 ,krishna has himself  
said1 ',devoting the mind exclusively to
 me is the virtue of shama'4 ,vide the  
,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xix4 #cc3  ',shama     
consists in fixing the mind on me2 dama 
is control of the organs of the senses2 
titiksha is endurance of sorrow2 and    
dhriti is checking what rises on the    

tongue4'  ,it is the duty of a shanta   
votary to give up thirst for everything 
except ,krishna2 hence a shanta and a   
bhakta of ,krishna are identical terms4 
,krishna's devotee regards heaven and   
even salvation as no better than hell4  
,vide the ,bhagabat1 ,,vi4 xvii4 #bc4   
,devotion to ,krishna and conquest of   
desire are the two marks of a shanta    
bhakta4 ,all the five kinds of bhaktas  
are necessarily marked by these         
qualities1 just as sound1 the attribute 
of the sky1 is possessed by the other   
four elements also4 ,a shanta votary's  
attachment to ,krishna is like an       
odourless flower2 he has only acquired a
 true sense of ,god's nature1 as the    
supreme spirit and divinity4 ,the dasya 
mood better develops the cognition of   
,krishna as the ,lord of full powers4 ,a
 das bhakta constantly gratifies        
,krishna by serving him with a sense of 
his divinity1 honour1 and great         
glorification2 dasya ras has the merit  
of the shanta ras plus service1 i4e41 it

 has two merits4 ,the sakhya ras        
possesses these two merits plus absolute
 trust in ,krishna4 ,in dasya ,krishna's
 service is marked by honour and        
glorification2 in sakhya by reliance4   
,a sakha bhakta sits on ,krishna's back1
 or carries him on his shoulders1 or has
 a mock fight with him2 he serves       
,krishna and at times makes ,krishna    
serve him6 ,the chief characteristic of 
the sakhya ras is free comradery1       
without any feeling of respect or awe4  
,so this ras has three qualities2 in it 
,krishna is loved more ardently1 as he  
is held equal to the bhakta's self2     
hence this ras captivates the good4 ,in 
the batsalya ras there are the above    
three qualities1 plus tenderness1 which 
in its excess leads to chiding and      
chastisement4 ,such a devotee regards   
himself as the patron and ,krishna as   
the protege2 his service takes the form 
of paternal care4 ,this ras1 therefore  
has four qualities1 and is like nectar4 
,in the madhur ras all the above four   

qualities are present in a heightened   
form1 and in addition to them the votary
 serves ,krishna as a lover offering him
 his or her own person4 ,here five      
qualities are present4 ,all the four    
emotions find their synthesis in the    
madhur1 just as in the case of the five 
elements 7sky1 air1 light1 water and    
earth7 the attributes of the first four 
are all united in the fifth4 ,hence is  
the madhur ras of wondrous              
deliciousness4 ,this emotion has been   
fully described4 ,reflect how to spread 
it4 ,while meditating1 ,krishna will    
illuminate your heart4 ,through         
,krishna's grace1 even an ignorant man  
reaches the farthest shore of the       
emotions4  ,so saying the ,master       
embraced ,rup and started for ,benares  
next morning4 ,rup begged leave to      
accompany ,him as he could not bear the 
pang of parting4 ,but the ,master       
objected1 ,let me lay down your duty4   
,you are now within easy reach of       
,brindaban2 go there4 ,thence return to 

,bengal and join me at ,puri4 ,after    
giving him a 7parting7 embrace the      
,master embarked4 ,rup fell down there  
in a swoon4 ,the ,deccani ,brahman took 
him to his house4  ,then ,rup and his   
brother went to ,brindaban4 ,when the   
,master reached ,benares1 ,chandra      
,sekhar met ,him outside the village1 as
 he had dreamt the previous night that  
the ,master had come to his house and so
 he had come out of the village to wait 
for ,him4 ,delighted to see the ,master1
 he bowed at ,his feet and took ,him    
home with him4 ,at the news1 ,tapan     
,mishra came to the ,master2 forming a  
select assembly he invited ,him and made
 ,him dine at his house4 ,chundra       
,shekhar invited ,bhattacharya4 ,after  
the feast ,tapan ,mishra begged ,him1   
,grant me kindly one favour that ,i beg 
of thee4 ,so long as thou stayest at    
,kashi do not dine anywhere except in my
 house4 ,the ,master accepted his       
invitation as ,he knew that ,he would   
stay for a week only and would not dine 

with hermits4 ,he lodged with ,chandra  
,shekhar4 ,the ,maratha ,brahman and    
many good men of the ,brahman and       
,kshatriya castes visited the ,master4  
,text1 canto #ai4  #a ,the celebrated   
,vallabh-acharya 7born in #adgi71 the   
founder of the ,pushtimarga school of   
,vaishnavism4 ,ambuli is evidently      
,arail1 a village on the ,jamuna        
opposite ,allahabad1 which contains a   
temple of the ,vallabh-acharya sect4    
,,chapter ,,xviii  ,sanatan meets the   
,master and is taught of ,god's forms   
,at ,gaur1 ,sanatan lay in prison1 when 
to his delight he received ,rup's       
letter4 ,then he spoke to his ,muslim   
jailor3 ,you are a living saint1 a very 
pious man1 well-read in the ,quran4     
,there it is written that if a man      
ransoms a captive with his wealth1 ,god 
gives him salvation4 ,formerly ,i had   
done you good turns2 now show your      
gratitude by reliasing me4 ,i offer you 
five thousand ,rupees4 ,accept the sum1 
and by setting me free gain both money  

and religious merit4  ,the ,muslim      
replied1 ,hark you1 ,sir1 ,i can let you
 off1 but ,i fear the ,sultan4 ,sanatan 
rejoined1 ,fear not the ,sultan4 ,he has
 gone to ,orissa4 ,if he comes back1    
tell him that when ,sanatan was sent to 
the bank of the ,ganges to ease himself1
 he jumped into the river1 sank down    
with his fetters1 and could not be      
traced after much search4 ,fear not1 ,i 
shall not live in this country1 but turn
 darvesh and go to ,mecca4 ,the         
,muhammadan was still reluctant4 ,so    
,sanatan heaped up seven thousand       
,rupees before him1 at the sight of     
which his greed was roused4 ,at night he
 sent ,sanatan across the river after   
filing off his fetters4 ,sanatan avoided
 the road by ,telia ,garhi1 the gate of 
,bengal1 and travelling day and night   
entered the ,patra hills4 ,there he     
besought a rustic land owner to guide   
him over the hill4 ,a palmist present   
with the landowner whispered to him that
 ,sanatan had eight gold coins with     

himself4 ,at this the man gladly        
promised to convey ,sanatan over the    
hill by his own servants at night and   
asked to prepare his meal in the        
meantime4 ,with marks of honour he gave 
him rice4 ,sanatan bathed in the river1 
broke his two days fast1 and reflected1 
,why does this land-owner show respect  
to me8 ,then he asked his attendant     
,ishan if he had any property with      
himself4 ,ishan replied1 ,seven gold    
coins4 ,at this ,sanatan rebuked him    
saying1 ,why have you brought this      
deadly thing with yourself8 ,then he    
gave the seven pieces to the land-owner 
and sweetly said1 ,take these from me   
and honestly conduct me over the hill4  
,i am a run-away from the king's prison 
and cannot take the ,telia ,garhi road4 
,you will acquire merit if you help me  
to cross the hill4 ,the land-owner      
replied1 ,i knew before that your       
servant had eight gold pieces with him1 
and ,i had determined to murder you at  
night for the money4 ,it is well that   

you have told me of the money1 and so ,i
 have been saved from the sin of murder4
 ,i am so pleased that ,i shall not take
 the coins1 but guide you gratis for the
 sake of merit4  ,but ,sanatan urged1   
,some one else will murder me for the   
money4 ,accept it and save my life4     
,then the land-owner sent four footmen  
of his own1 who led ,sanatan across the 
hill by the forest paths at night4      
,emerging from the hill ,sanatan asked  
,ishan1 ,i know you have still something
 left4 ,yes1 one gold coin1 answered    
,ishan4 ,sanatan said1 ,return home with
 it4 ,so1 leaving him1 the holy man set 
out alone1 a bowl in his hand1 a        
tattered quilt on his back1 and         
7therefore7 fearless 7of robbers74 ,in  
course of time he reached ,hajipur1#a   
and in the evening sat down in a garden4
 ,his brother-in-law1 ,shrikanta1 a     
royal officer1 lived here1 entrusted by 
the ,sultan with three lakhs of ,rupees 
to buy and despatch horses4 ,from a     
height he discerned ,sanatan1 and at    

night came to him with only one         
attendant4 ,the two had a friendly      
meeting1 and ,sanatan told the tale of  
his escape4 ,shrikanta said1 ,stay here 
a day or two4 ,put on decent robes and  
cast off your rags4 ,sanatan replied1   
,no1 ,i shall not linger a minute here4 
,help me to cross the ,ganges1 ,i shall 
go away at once4 ,shrikanta with care   
gave him a ,bhutia blanket and ferried  
him over4  ,sanatan in time reached     
,benares1 where he was glad to hear of  
the ,master's arrival4 ,going to        
,chandra ,shekhar's house1 he sat down  
at the gate4 ,the ,master1 knowing it1  
told ,chandra ,shekhar1 ,there is a     
,vaishnav at the gate4 ,bring him in4   
,chandra ,shekhar reported to the       
,master that there was no ,vaishnav but 
only a darvesh at the gate4 ,the ,master
 replied1 ,well1 bring him in4 ,glad to 
be called1 ,sanatan entered4 ,when he   
was in the court-yard1 the ,master      
rushed out and embraced him in rapture4 
,at ,his touch ,sanatan was overcome by 

love and cried out in a faltering voice1
 ,touch me not6 touch me not6 ,the two  
wept ceaselessly1 clasping each other's 
necks1 to the wonder of ,chandra        
,shekhar4 ,then the ,master took him by 
the hand and seated him by ,his side on 
the veranda of the house1 stroking      
,sanatan's body with ,his own hands4    
,sanatan cried1 ,touch me not1 ,master6 
but the ,master answered1 ,i touch you  
to purify myself4 ,through the strength 
of your faith you can cleanse the whole 
universe4 ,witness the ,bhagabat1 ,i4   
xiii4 #h1 ,,vii4 ix4 #i4 ,by seeing1    
touching1 and praising a bhakta like    
you1 all my senses are gratified1 as the
 scripture asserts4 ,vide the           
,hari-bhakti-sudhodaya1 xiii4 #b4  ,the 
,master continued1 ,listen1 ,sanatan6   
,krishna is very kind1 the saviour of   
the fallen4 ,he has delivered you from  
the worst hell 7rauraba74 ,limitless and
 profound is the ocean of his mercy4    
,sanatan objected1 ,i know not ,krishna4
 ,i recognize your grace as having      

effected my deliverance4 ,then at the   
,master's request he told the whole     
story of his flight4 ,the ,master told  
him1 ,i met both your brothers1 ,rup and
 ,anupam1 at ,prayag4 ,they have gone to
 ,brindaban4 ,then ,he introduced       
,sanatan to ,tapan ,mishra and ,chandra 
,shekhar4 ,tapan ,mishra invited him1   
the ,master adding1 ,go1 ,sanatan1 shave
 yourself1 and telling ,chandra ,shekhar
 to take away the rags of ,sanatan4     
,they made him bathe in the ,ganges1 and
 ,chandra ,shekhar gave him a new       
garment1 which he refused to accept4 ,at
 this the ,master was delighted         
exceedingly4  ,after ,his noon-day      
prayer1 the ,master went with ,sanatan  
to dine at ,tapan ,mishra's house4 ,as  
,he sat down to ,his meal ,he ordered   
the ,mishra to serve ,sanatan also1 but 
he replied1 ,sanatan has some rites to  
perform4 ,you dine first4 ,i shall give 
him your prasad4 ,after dinner the      
,master rested4 ,the ,mishra gave       
,sanatan ,his leavings and offered him a

 new cloth1 which ,sanatan declined to  
accept1 asking instead for one of the   
,mishra's old clothes4 ,so the ,mishra  
gave him an old cloth1 which he cut into
 a waist-band and wrapper4  ,sanatan was
 introduced by the ,master to the       
,maratha ,brahman1 who gave him a       
general invitation to dinner during the 
whole of his stay at ,kashi4 ,but       
,sanatan declined saying1 ,i shall rove 
7begging alms7 like the bee4 ,why should
 ,i procure all my food from one        
,brahman's house4  ,exceedingly pleased 
was the ,master at ,sanatan's detachment
 from the world1 and ,he often cast     
glances at the ,bhutia blanket1 from    
which ,sanatan guessed that ,he         
disapproved of it4 ,so ,sanatan planned 
to get rid of the blanket4 ,when he went
 to the ,ganges to perform his noon-day 
rites1 he met a ,bengali drying his     
quilt1 and asked him to exchange it for 
his blanket1 as a favour4 ,the man      
retorted1 ,why are you1 a venerable man1
 mocking me8 ,why should you exchange   

your costly blanket for a quilt8        
,sanatan replied1 ,i am not joking but  
am in earnest4 ,do make the exchange4   
,so saying he gave up the blanket1      
placed the quilt on his shoulders and   
came to ,chaitanya4 ,at the ,master's   
query he told the whole tale4 ,the      
,master remarked1 ,i have thought of it4
 ,krishna1 who has delivered you from   
attachment to earthly goods1 cannot have
 left a remnant of that attachment in   
you4 ,no good physician leaves even a   
trace of the disease unremoved4 ,you    
were living on alms from door to door1  
and yet there was a three ,rupee blanket
 on your back6 ,it spoiled your virtue  
and made you a mock unto the beholders4 
,sanatan replied1 ,he who has released  
me from worldly ties has also cured this
 last remnant of worldliness in me4     
,the pleased ,master showed grace to    
him1 and thus emboldened him to put     
questions4 ,formerly the ,master had put
 questions to ,ramananda ,ray1 which the
 latter had answered under ,his         

inspiration4 ,so1 now1 inspired by the  
,master1 ,sanatan put questions1 while  
,he established spiritual truths4  ,then
 ,sanatan1 biting a blade of grass as a 
token of abjectness1 clasped the        
,master's feet2 and said1 ,low-born1    
with low comrades1 a fallen wretch1 ,i  
have wasted my life1 plunged in the well
 of vile worldliness4 ,i know nothing of
 my own good or evil1 but ,i have held  
as truth whatever was approved in vulgar
 practice4 ,as you have graciously saved
 me1 tell me of your grace what my      
duties are4 ,who am ,i8 ,why are the    
three afflictions 7tapa7 oppressing me8 
,i know not what will do me good4 ,i    
know not even how to ask about the truth
 of sadhya and sadhan4 ,do you of your  
own accord1 unfold all these truths to  
me4 ,the ,master replied1 ,full is      
,krishna's grace to you4 ,you know all  
the truths and are not subject to the   
three afflictions4 ,you are strong in   
,krishna's strength1 you know the truths
 already4 ,it is the nature of sadhus to

 inquire about what they know1 only to  
confirm it4  ,you are a proper agent for
 preaching bhakti4 ,listen to all the   
truths as ,i tell them in due order3    
,the soul of man is the eternal servant 
of ,krishna4 ,the tatastha power of     
,krishna manifests differences between  
the ,creator and ,his creatures1 just as
 a ray of the sun transforms itself into
 a flame of fire4 ,krishna has by nature
 three powers3-viz41 the chit1 the life1
 and the illusion powers4 ,vide the     
,vishnu ,puran ,i4 xxix4 #ej1 ,,vi4 vii4
 #fj and #fa1 ,i4 iii4 #b1 the ,gita    
vii4 #e and #ad1 and the ,bhagabat1     
,,xi4 ii4 #ce4  ,when a creature forgets
 ,krishna1 his face is ever turned to   
external things1 and therefore under the
 influence of illusion he undergoes the 
misery of being born in the world1 now  
rising to heaven1 now sinking to hell1  
just as a criminal is ducked in water by
 royal command4  ,if under the teaching 
of true scripture1 a man turns to       
,krishna1 he is saved1 he gets rid of   

illusion4 ,a creature labouring under   
illusion remembers not ,krishna4 ,so    
,krishna kindly created the ,vedas and  
,purans4 ,he makes himself known through
 scripture1 guru1 and the soul2 and man 
comes to realize ',krishna is my lord   
and saviour'4 ,the ,vedas treat of      
,relation1 ,epithet1 and ,needs2 that   
,relation is the attaining of ,krishna1 
faith is the means of this attainment1  
the epithets are his names2 love is the 
7supreme7 need1 the most precious       
treasure and the highest achievement of 
humanity4 ,madhur service is the means  
of gaining ,krishna4 ,by serving him we 
can enjoy the relish of him4 ,the       
following parable will illustrate it3   
,an all-knowing seer visited a poor man 
and seeing his misery said1 ',why are   
you so poor8 ,your father has left you a
 large legacy4 ,he died elsewhere and   
therefore could not inform you of it4'  
,at these words the man began to hunt   
for his treasure4 ,in the same manner   
the ,vedas and ,purans instruct men     

about ,krishna4 ,the counsel of the seer
 is the source1 the treasure is the     
consequence4 ,by his own knowledge the  
man could not attain to his father's    
treasure the seer had to tell him the   
method of discovering it3 ',here lies   
the treasure4 ,if you dig in the south1 
hornets will rise and not money4 ,if you
 dig west a gnome will show itself and  
hinder you4 ,in the north your diggings 
will discover a dark serpent1 which will
 swallow you up4 ,but by digging a      
little on the east side you will get the
 pots of treasure4' ,similarly the      
,shastras assert that leaving work1     
knowledge and abstraction 7yog71 one can
 influence ,krishna by faith alone4     
,vide the ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xiv4 #ai     
#bj4  ,therefore is faith the only means
 of gaining ,krishna1 and it is         
described in all ,shastras as abhidheya4
 ,as wealth gives pleasure and drives   
away sorrow of itself1 so bhakti kindles
 love of ,krishna1 and when love is     
turned to ,krishna man is freed from    

bondage to the world4 ,the fruit of love
 is not riches or the cessation of      
re-birth1 but its chief object is the   
enjoyment of the beatitude of loving4   
,a long discourse on ,krishna's forms1  
omitted in the second edition4 ,text1   
canto #bj4  #a ,the town of ,hajipur on 
the north bank of the ,ganges1 opposite 
,patna1 was the seat of the governor of 
,bihar on behalf of the ,sultans of     
,bengal4 7,riyaz-us-salatin1 ,eng4 tr4  
#acd n47    ,,chapter ,,xix  ,on the    
sweetness of ,krishna's attributes  ,the
 ,master continued ,his teaching of     
,sanatan thus3  ,god in ,his            
all-embracing form dwells in the highest
 ,space 7para-byom74 ,the diverse       
,vaikunthas are beyond count4 ,the      
extent of each ,vaikuntha is millions   
and millions of miles4 ,ananda inspired 
by chit fills all the ,vaikunthas4 ,all 
of ,his attendants are filled with the  
six attributes 7aishwaryya74 ,the       
endless ,vaikunthas and ,space are ,his 
retinue2 above all of them is ,krishna's

 ,heaven1 like the seed-pod of the      
lotus4 ,thus1 ,krishna's six attributes 
are only places of ,his incarnation4    
,even ,brahma and ,shiva cannot count   
them1 what to speak of men8 ,vide the   
,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #ba1 ,brahma's hymn 
to ,krishna4  ,thus ,krishna's celestial
 attributes are endless2 ,brahma1       
,shiva1 ,sanak and others cannot see    
their end4 ,vide the ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4
 #g4  ,not to speak of ,brahma and      
others1 even ,ananta with his thousand  
tongues1 is eternally singing of ,his   
attributes without being able to finish 
them4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 ii4 #dj4   
,even ,krishna1 the omniscient and      
supreme being1 cannot find the end of   
,his own attributes1 but remains eagerly
 longing to know of them4 ,vide         
,bhagabat1 ,x4 lxxxvii4 #cg4  ,the mind 
fails to comprehend ,his exploits1 even 
of the time when ,he incarnated himself 
in ,brindaban4 ,at one and the same time
 ,he created the natural and the        
supernatural groups of cow-herds and    

kine1 as described in ,bhagabat1 ,x4    
xiii and xiv1 countless ,vaikuntha-born 
embryos1 with their respective ,lords4  
,such a marvel is heard of no other god4
 ,the hearing of it makes the heart     
overcome with rapture4 ,in that miracle 
of ,his every one of the millions and   
millions of calves1 cowboys1 their rods1
 pipes1 horns1 clothes and ornamems1 all
 assumed the form of the four-armed     
,lord of ,vaikuntha1 each with a        
separate universe1 and ,brahma adored   
him4 ,from the body of one ,krishna all 
these appeared6 ,and after a moment they
 all disappeared in that body6 ,the     
sight amazed and fascinated ,brahma1 and
 after hymning to ,krishna1 he declared 
this1 ,let him who says that he knows   
the full extent of ,krishna's power1    
know it4 ,but as for me1 ,i admit with  
all my body and mind that not a drop of 
this endless ocean of your power is     
cognizable by my speech or intellect6   
,vide ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #cf4  ,many   
are the glories of ,krishna2 who can    

know them8 ,think of the wondrous       
quality of the place ,brindaban3 the    
,shastras speak of it as #cb miles in   
extent1 and yet in one corner of it the 
embryos of the universe floated6        
,krishna's divine power is boundless    
beyond calculation4  ,the ,master1      
,himself the ocean of divine attributes1
 was seized with ecstasy in speaking of 
,krishna's divine attributes2 ,his mind 
became absorbed in the subject and ,he  
lost consciousness4 ,he 7then7 recited  
,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 ii4 #ba1 and expounded
 it1 relishing with delight its sense4  
,krishna is the ,supreme ,deity1 ,god   
,himself4 ,none else is greater than ,he
 or even equal to ,him4 ,vide ,brahma   
,samhita1 ,v4 ,i4 ,brahma1 ,vishnu1 and 
,shiva1 the lords of creation1          
preservation1 and destruction1 all obey 
,krishna2 ,he is their suzerain4 ,vide  
,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 vi4 #cj4  ,hear the    
meaning of the phrase unequalled        
,supreme ,lord3 ,three purush           
incarnations are the causes of the      

universe1 viz41 ,maha-,vishnu1          
,padmanava1 ,kshirodak ,swami4 ,these   
three occupy the souls of everything1   
gross or subtle4 ,these three are the   
refuge of all1 and the lords of the     
universe4 ,and yet they are mere        
particles of ,krishna1 who is supreme   
over them4 ,vide ,brahma ,samhita1 v4   
#ed4  ,this interpretation is only      
external4 ,listen to the esoteric sense4
 ,the ,shastras speak of three abodes of
 ,krishna1 viz41 ,antahpur1 ,golok1 and 
,brindaban1 in which last ever dwell    
,his parents and friends2 where ,he     
manifested ,his sweet attributes1       
tenderness1 mercy1 c42 where the        
illusion of yog was ,his bondmaid1 and  
where rasa and other exploits took      
place4  ,below it the ,supreme ,space   
named ,vishnu's ,heaven1 where dwell    
,narayan and other eternal forms of     
,him1 is situated4 ,the middle abode of 
,krishna is the store-house of the six  
attributes1 where ,he dwells in ,his    
eternal form 7ananta74 ,the ,vaikunthas 

are endless1 and there the rooms and    
attendants 7even7 are full of the six   
attributes4 ,vide ,brahma ,samhita1 v4  
#di1 and other ,sanskrit verses4  ,below
 it is ,his external abode1 beyond the  
,biraja1 where the universes are        
endless1 and the rooms are illimitable4 
,it is named ,devidham1 where creatures 
dwell4 ,the ,lakshmi of the ,universe   
nourishes it2 illusion dwells there as  
,his slave4  ,in these three places does
 ,krishna dwell as the ,supreme ,lord1  
viz41 ,golok1 the ,supreme ,space1 and  
,nature4 ,the region where ,he manifests
 ,his chit power is called the          
,three-fold ,divinity 7tripad           
aishivaryya71 whereas the places of the 
display of ,his power of illusion are   
called ,one-fold 7ekapad74  ,the        
,three-fold ,divinity of ,krishna is    
beyond speech4 ,hear1 therefore1 of the 
,one-fold ,divinity4 ,all the ,brahmas  
and ,shivas of the eternal universe are 
embraced by the term 'eternal rulers of 
spheres' 7chira-loka-pala74 ,one day    

,brahma came to ,dwaraka to see         
,krishna2 the porter took the message to
 ,krishna1 who asked ',which ,brahma8   
,what is his name8' ,the porter returned
 and asked ,brahma1 who replied in      
amazement1 ',go1 tell him1 it is the    
four-headed father of ,sanak4' ,after   
taking ,krishna's permission1 the porter
 introduced him4 ,brahma prostrated     
himself at ,krishna's feet1 who showed  
him honour and reverence and asked for  
the reason of his visit4 ,brahma        
replied1 ',i shall tell you of that     
afterwards4 ,first solve one problem of 
my mind4 ,what did you mean by asking   
',which ,brahma8' ,what ,brahma other   
than ,i can there be in the universe8'  
,at this ,krishna smiled and plunged    
into meditation1 and immediately        
innumerable troops of ,brahmas came     
there1 some with ten heads1 some with   
twenty1 hundred1 thousand1 million1 even
 a milliard1 beyond the power of        
counting4 ,rudras came with millions of 
millions of heads4 ,indras appeared with

 millions of eyes4 ,at the sight the    
four-headed ,brahma became senseless1   
like a hare surrounded by a herd of     
elephants4 ,all these ,brahmas          
prostrated themselves before ,krishna's 
seat1 which was touched by their crowns4
 ,none can adequately describe the      
unimaginable power of ,krishna4 ,in one 
body there were as many images as there 
were ,brahmas4 ,his seat1 struck with   
the crowns of the ,brahmas1 set up a    
sound1 as if the crowns recited praises 
of ,his seat6 ,with folded palms1       
,brahma ,rudra and other deities hymned 
,krishna thus3 ',lord6 ,great is thy    
mercy to us1 as thou hast shown us thy  
feet4 ,oh our good fortune6 thou hast   
called and accepted us as thy slaves4   
,bid us1 and we shall place thy behest  
on our heads4' ,krishna replied1 ',i    
longed to see you1 and so called you all
 together4 ,be ye all happy6 ,have you  
any thing to fear from the demons8'     
,they said1 ',thanks to thy grace1 we   
are everywhere triumphant4 ,latterly    

thou hast1 by incarnating thyself1      
destroyed the load of sins which used to
 weigh the ,earth down4' ,this proves   
the divine nature of ,dwaraka and other 
spheres1 each of which imagines         
',krishna dwells in my region4' ,the    
presence of ,krishna made ,dwaraka feel 
glory 7baibhaba72 they had all met      
together1 and yet none could see the    
others4 ,then ,krishna gave leave to all
 the ,brahmas1 and they returned home   
after bowing to ,him4 ,the four-headed  
,brahma was amazed at the sight1 and    
again bowed at ,krishna's feet1 saying1 
',i have to-day witnessed an example of 
what ,i had previously known for certain
 in my mind4' ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 
#cf4  ,krishna replied1 ',this universe1
 though #ejj million leagues in extent1 
is very small2 hence you have four heads
 only4 ,other universes are a thousand  
million1 a lakh kror1 or even a kror    
kror leagues in extent1 and their       
,brahmas have heads proportioned to     
these sizes4 ,thus do ,i uphold the     

whole system of universes4 ,even my one 
fold divinity cannot be measured4 ,who  
will measure my three-fold divinity8'   
,so saying ,krishna dismissed ,brahma4  
,the divine form of ,krishna cannot be  
explained4 ,the phrase ,supreme ,lord   
has another deep meaning3 the term tri  
means the three regions of ,krishna1    
viz41 ,gokul 7named ,golok71 ,mathura1  
and ,dwaraka4 ,in these three ,he always
 dwells naturally4 ,these three places  
are full of ,his inner complete         
divinity4 ,of these three ,krishna      
,himself is the lord4 ,the guardians of 
directions in all the aforesaid         
universes1 and the eternal guardians of 
creation in ,ananta and ,vaikuntha1 all 
bow to ,krishna's seat1 touching it with
 the jewel of their crowns4 ,in ,his own
 chit power ,krishna dwells ever4 ,this 
property of chit-power is called the six
 divine attributes2 it is also styled   
,lakshmi in the form of supreme bliss4  
,hence1 the ,vedas declare ,krishna to  
be ,god ,himself4 ,i cannot plunge in   

the boundless nectar-oceah of ,krishna's
 divine power1 but have touched only a  
drop of it4 ,the ,master paused for a   
while1 and after composing ,himself     
continued to teach ,sanatan4 ,text1     
canto #ba4    ,,chapter ,,xx  ,discourse
 on ,devotion as the ,aim  ,the ,master 
continued ,his address to ,sanatan thus3
  ,the ,vedas teach that ,krishna is the
 sole ,essence4 ,now let me speak of the
 signs of the aim 7abhidheya71 from     
which one can get ,krishna and the      
treasure of ,krishna's love4 ,all the   
,shastras speak of faith in ,krishna as 
the aim4 ,hence the sages declare1  ',we
 know for certain that thou1 ,o ,lord1  
art our refuge1 because the mode of thy 
worship that ,mother ,shruti lays down  
in answer to our questions1 is also     
indicated by ,sister ,smritis and       
,brother ,purans'4  ,this truth is      
taught by the ,monist school that       
,krishna is ,god ,himself2 ,he dwells in
 the form of the ,swarup power2         
spreading out in the forms of swamsha   

and bibhinnamsha1 ,he disports ,himself 
in ,ananta1 ,vaikuntha1 and ,brahmanda4 
,the four-sided incarnations are ,his   
swamsha extension4 ,the created world is
 the example of ,his bibhinnamsha power4
 ,such creatures are of two classes1    
viz41 one ever liberated1 the other ever
 fettered to the world4 ,the ever       
liberated are ever eager for ,krishna's 
feet2 they are named ,krishna's         
followers and they enjoy the bliss of   
serving ,him4 ,the ever fettered are    
ever excluded from ,krishna1 and ever   
feel the sufferings of ,hell2 the ,fury1
 ,illusion1 ever torments them for that 
reason2 the three internal agonies      
scourge them2 they are kicked at by     
,lust1 ,anger and other deadly sins     
whose slaves they are4 ,if in the course
 of their life's wanderings they meet   
with a saint as their healer1 his       
teaching like a charm exorcizes the     
demon 7,illusion7 out of them2 then they
 feel bhakti for ,krishna and come to   
,him4 ,faith in ,krishna is the supreme 

end 7abhidheya74 ,worthless are the     
fruits of other kinds of devotion1 such 
as work1 yog1 and knowledge1--in        
comparison with the bliss of bhakti2 the
 former cannot give us ,krishna unless  
we have bhakti in ,him4 ,vide ,bhagabat 
,i4 v4 #ab and ,,ii4 iv4 #af4 ,knowledge
 dissociated from bhakti cannot give    
salvation2 but a man devoted to ,krishna
 can gain salvation without knowledge4  
,vide ,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #d and the    
,gita1 vii4 #ad4  ,creation1 the eternal
 slave of ,krishna1 forgot this fact2   
hence ,illusion tied a rope round its   
neck4 ,if a creature adores ,krishna and
 serves his guru1 he is released from   
the meshes of ,illusion and attains to  
,krishna's feet4 ,if1 while observing   
the rules of his caste1 a man does not  
adore ,krishna1 he will be plunged in   
hell in spite of his doing his          
caste-duties4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 v4 
#b  #c4 ,the votary of knowledge        
imagines that he has attained to the    
condition of one liberated even in      

earthly life2 but in truth his mind     
cannot be purified without faith in     
,krishna4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,x4 ii4 #bf4 
,krishna is like the ,sun1 while        
,illusion is as darkness2 hence         
,illusion has no power to remain where  
,krishna is4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 v4  
#ac4 ,even if a man prays once saying   
,krishna ,i am thine1 he is saved by    
,krishna from the bonds of ,illusion4   
,if the seeker after enjoyment1         
salvation and attainment 7siddhi71 is   
wise1 he adores ,krishna with deep      
bhakti4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 iii4 #aj4
 ,if a man adores ,krishna in longing   
for other material gains1 ,he gives the 
votary ,his own feet unasked1 arguing1  
',in adoring me he is soliciting for    
material joys4 ,what a great fool is he1
 in thus begging for poison instead of  
nectar6 ,i am wiser1 why then should ,i 
grant this fool his coveted earthly     
pleasures8 ,let me give him the nectar  
of my feet1 so that he may forget       
earthly joys'4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,v4 xix4

 #bh4 ,if a man adores ,krishna even for
 fleshly lusts1 he soon longs to abandon
 his desires and become a slave of      
,krishna4 ,in going through this worldly
 life1 some are fortunate enough to gain
 salvation2 just as a log of wood       
drifting down the current now and then  
lands on the bank4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,x4 
xxxviii4 #d4 ,by good luck some men's   
bondage to the world is about to be     
severed1 when they are emancipated by   
the society of holy men1 and are        
inspired with devotion to ,krishna4     
,vide ,bhagabat ,x4 ii4 #ce4 ,if        
,krishna favours any blessed man1 ,he   
teaches him as his guru seated in the   
heart4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xxix4 #f4 
,if in the company of holy men a man    
feels inclined towards bhakti in        
,krishna1 he gets love1 the fruit of    
bhakti1 and is freed from the world4    
,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xx4 #h4 ,save    
through the favour of the noble a man   
cannot feel bhakti in anything2 not to  
speak of his gaining devotion to        

,krishna1 he is not even freed from     
bondage to the world4 ,vide ,bhagabat1  
,v4 xx4 #ab and ,,vii4 v4 #be4 ,all     
,shastras recommend the companionship of
 the holy4 ,as soon as such society is  
resorted to1 it gives success in        
everything4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,i4 xvii4  
#ac4 ,the gracious ,krishna1 in         
addressing ,arjun in the ,gita1 has laid
 down instructions for the salvation of 
mankind4 ,vide the ,gita1 xviii4 #fd and
 #fe4  ,god had first commanded the     
,vedic religion1 work1 yog1 and         
knowledge4 ,after these had been        
observed1 ,he finally commanded bhakti1 
which must1 therefore1 be superior to   
the former4 ,if1 in accordance with this
 latest dispensation1 a devotee feels   
shraddha1 he leaves all works and adores
 ,krishna4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xx4   
#i4 ,the term shraddha means firm and   
unquestioning faith4 ,if one adores     
,krishna1 it is equivalent to his doing 
all the prescribed ceremonies of        
religion4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,iv4 xxxi4  

#ab4  ,men who have shraddha are        
qualified for bhakti1 and are ranked as 
superior1 average1 and inferior1        
according to the quality of their       
shraddha4 ,he whose shraddha is         
confirmed by listening to the reasoning 
contained in the ,shastras is a superior
 'entitled to bhakti'1 and he is        
liberated from the world4 ,he whose     
shraddha is strong in spite of his      
ignorance of shastric arguments1 is an  
average 'entitled to bhakti'2 he1 too1  
is very fortunate4 ,he whose shraddha   
requires a visible object of adoration  
is an inferior 'entitled to bhakti'2 in 
time he will advance to the stage of a  
superior bhakta4 ,there are different   
grades of bhakti1 according to          
differences of ardour and passion1 as   
has been described in the eleventh      
skanda of the ,bhagabat1 7,,xi4 ii4     
#dc-de74  ,all the high attributes are  
found in the person of a ,vaishnav1     
because ,krishna's attributes spread to 
,his bhaktas4 7,ibid1 ,v4 xviii4 #ab74  

,the following qualities mark a         
,vaishnav2 they cannot be exhaustively  
named1 ,i only take a rapid view3 he is 
compassionate1 spiteless1 essentially   
true1 saintly1 innocent1 charitable1    
gentle1 pure1 humble1 a universal       
benefactor1 tranquil1 solely dependent  
on ,krishna1 free from desire1 quiet1   
equable1 a victor over the six passions 
7sharguna71 temperate in diet1          
self-controlled1 honouring others and   
yet not proud himself1 grave1 tender1   
friendly1 learned1 skilful and silent4  
,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 xxv4 #bj1 ,v4 v4
 #b4 ,the society of holy men is the    
root of the birth of devotion to        
,krishna 7,bhagabat1 ,x4 li4 #ce1 ,,xi4 
ii4 #bh1 xxv4 #bb74 ,the principal limb 
that springs up from it is love of      
,krishna4 ,it is proper conduct for a   
,vaishnav to abjure the society of the  
wicked4 ,the man who consorts with women
 is one kind of sinner1 while the man   
lacking in faith in ,krishna belongs to 
another kind4 7,bhagabat ,,iii4 xxxi4   

#ce1 #cc  #cd74 ,leaving these          
temptations and the religious system    
based on caste1 the true ,vaishnav      
helplessly takes refuge with ,krishna4  
,vide the ,gita1 xviii4 #ff2 ,bhagabat1 
,x4 xlviii4  ,if a learned man happens  
to sing ,krishna's praise1 he adores    
,krishna to the exclusion of all other  
deities1 as is proved by the case of    
,uddhav4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 ii4    
,the helpless and the refugee among     
devotees have the same characteristics4 
,then comes resignation in4 ,after      
taking refuge in ,krishna1 the votary   
gives himself entirely up to ,krishna1  
who then elevates him to ,his own       
nature4 ,vide ,hari-bhakti-vilas1 xi4   
#dag  #dah2 ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 xxix4 #cb4 
,give ear1 ,o ,sanatan1 while ,i turn to
 speak of the attainment 7sadhan7 of    
bhakti1 which gives us the rich treasure
 of love for ,krishna4 ,hearing chant   
and other acts of the physical organs   
are the swarup signs of it2 while in the
 tatastha sign love is born4 ,love for  

,krishna is ever an end 7siddha72 it is 
never a means 7sadhya74 ,it is kindled  
in a pure heart by listening to         
,krishna's praise1 and other acts of the
 organs4 ,the sadhan of bhakti is of two
 kinds3 one following the ordinances of 
religion1 the other following the       
heart's inclination4 ,the man without a 
natural desire for ,krishna adores ,him 
in obedience to the bidding of the      
,shastras2 such bhakti is called regular
 7baidhi74  ',king6 ,it is the duty of  
the men who seeks liberation to hear1 to
 praise1 and to meditate about ,god1 the
 universal ,soul1 the supremely         
,beautiful1 and the ,liberator from     
bondage4' 7,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 i4 #e4 and  
also ,,xi4 v4 #b47  ,the modes of       
cultivating bhakti are many2 ,i shall   
only tell you briefly of the chief of   
them3 they are taking refuge at the feet
 of the guru1 initiation1 service of the
 guru1 inquiry into the true religion1  
following the path of saints1           
renunciation of enjoyment out of love   

for ,krishna1 residence at holy places  
associated with ,krishna1 accepting alms
 no further than suffices for one's     
sustenance1 fasting on the tenth day of 
the moon1 reverence to foster-mothers1  
fig trees1 kine1 ,brahmans and          
,vaishnavs1 shunning from a distance all
 offences against adoration and the holy
 name1 abjuring the company of          
non-,vaishnavs1 taking only a few       
disciples1 avoiding the study and       
exposition of too many books and arts1  
looking at loss and gain as alike1      
control of grief and other passions1    
abstention from abusing other gods and  
scriptures1 never listening to scandal  
about ,vishnu or ,vaishnavs nor to      
village gossip1 giving no shock by      
thought or speech to any creature that  
lives1 listening to chant1 hymn-singing1
 keeping ,god in remembrance1 worship1  
adoration in words1 attendance on idols1
 assuming the attitudes of servant and  
comrade to ,krishna1 dedication of one's
 own self to ,god1 dancing1 singing1    

petitioning and prostration before      
,krishna's image1 rising to welcome ,his
 image1 and following it as a mark of   
respect1 visiting shrines at tirthas1   
walking round shrines1 hymning1 reading 
scriptures1 reciting the holy name1     
sankirtan1 enjoying incense garlands    
perfumed essence and the maha-prasad1   
witnessing the grand celebration of     
arati and the divine image1 giving up   
whatever is dear to one's own self1     
meditation1 and serving ,him4  ,the     
service of the following four is        
approved by ,krishna3--the ,tulsi plant1
 ,vaishnavs1 ,mathura1 and the book     
,bhagabat4  ,direct all your efforts to 
the service of ,krishna1 witness ,his   
mercies1 celebrate ,his ,nativity and   
other days in the company of bhaktas4   
,ever fly to him for refuge1 celebrate  
,kartik and other bratas4  ,these are   
the sixty-four modes of cultivating     
bhakti4 ,the five chief of them are 7#a7
 the society of holy men1 7#b7 kirtan of
 ,krishna's name1 7#c7 listening to the 

reading of the ,bhagabat1 7#d7 dwelling 
at ,mathura1 and 7#e7 reverential       
service of ,his image4 ,even a little of
 these five creates love for ,krishna4  
,some bhaktas pursue only one of these  
modes1 some many4 ,when the mind has    
become steady1 the wave of love surges  
up in it4 ,many bhaktas have attained to
 success by following one mode only4    
,ambarisha and other bhaktas cultivated 
many modes4 7,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,ix4 iv4 
#ae-ag7-,the man who by renouncing      
desire adores ,krishna in obedience to  
the injunctions of the ,shastras1 is not
 indebted to the gods the ,rishis or the
 manes of his ancestors4 7,bhagabat1    
,,xi4 v4 #cg74 ,he who adores ,krishna's
 feet rejecting shastric rites1 feels   
nevertheless no temptation for forbidden
 sins4 ,even if he commits a sin        
unwittingly1 ,krishna purifies him and  
he need not practise penance for it4    
7,bhagabat1 ,,xl v4 #ch74 ,theological  
knowledge and monachism are not at all  
necessary means of cultivating bhakti2  

,krishna's society gives inoffensiveness
 and discipline4 ,vide ,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 
xx4 #ca4  ,hitherto ,i have held forth  
on the cultivation of bhakti in         
accordance with the shastric teaching4  
,now1 let me tell you1 ,sanatan1 about  
bhakti in compliance with natural       
inclination4 ,this latter kind of bhakti
 is chiefly found in the people of      
,brindaban1 and those who cultivate it  
are called raganuga 7'inclination-led'74
 ,a passionate longing for the object of
 desire is the swarup characteristic of 
inclination 7rag72 absorption in the    
object of desire is its tatastha        
feature4 ,the nature of an              
'inclination-led' bhakta pays no heed to
 shastric reasoning4  ,its two types are
 external and internal4 ,in the         
external1 the devotee through his       
physical organs performs listening 7to  
chant7 and chanting1 while in his mind  
he imagines himself to be identical with
 his ideal such as any sakhi or cowherd 
mate of ,krishna1 and thus in fancy     

serves ,krishna at ,brindaban day and   
night4 ,with drawing himself into his   
own mind1 such a votary ever remains    
close to his object1 the dearest        
,krishna1 and thus serves ,him          
incessantly4 ,in the path of inclination
 7rag71 he takes ,krishna as the object 
of his chief emotion1 viz41 as master1  
comrade1 child or sweetheart4           
7,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 xxv4 #ce7  ,from the 
sprout of love 7prem7 issue two things1 
rati 7addiction7 and bhab 7emotion74    
,these two conquer the ,lord for us4    
,thus have ,i expounded ebhidheya1 from 
which we gain the treasure of love for  
,krishna4 ,text1 canto1 #bb4            
,,chapter ,,xxi  ,on ,love1 the fruit of
 ,devotion  ,the ,master                
continued--,listen now1 ,sanatan1 to    
love1 the fruit of bhakti1 the hearing  
of which gives knowledge of the spirit  
of bhakti4 ,when passion 7rati7 in      
,krishna is deepened it is called prem  
7love71 the permanent form of bhakti in 
,krishna4 ,it also has two aspects1     

viz41 swarup and tatastha4 ,if any man  
has the grace to feel shraddha1 he      
consort with pious men1 from which      
companionship result the hearing and    
chanting of ,krishna's name4 ,from the  
attainment of bhakti1 all his troubles  
are removed1 and as a consequence of the
 latter1 his faith becomes constant1    
which gives him a taste for the         
listening and hymning of ,krishna's     
name4 ,from taste 7ruchi7 comes strong  
inclination 7asakti71 which gives birth 
to the sprout of passion for ,krishna in
 the soul4 ,when this emotion is        
deepened1 it takes the name of love     
7prem74 ,that love is the 7ultimate7    
fruit1 the source of every bliss4 ,vide 
,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 xxv4 #bb4 ,the man in 
whose heart this emotion sprouts up is  
marked by the many qualities named in   
the ,shastras4                          
7,bhakti-ras-amrita-sindhu1 ,i4         
,rati-bhakti1 verse #aa1 ,bhagabat ,i4  
xix4 #ac74 ,no earthly affliction can   
disturb his mind4 ,such a man never     

wastes his time without communing with  
,krishna4 ,he never fears attack by     
enjoyment1 material success1 or the     
objects of sensual gratification4       
7,bhagabat1 ,v4 xiv4 #db74 ,even the    
noblest bhakta considers himself as     
lowly1 and firmly believes that ,krishna
 will take pity on him4 ,he is ever     
expectant1 ever passionately longing for
 union with ,krishna4 ,ever does he     
relish the work of singing ,krishna's   
names1 and ever engages in it4 ,at all  
times is he addicted to holding forth on
 ,krishna's charms4 ,ever does he reside
 at the scenes of ,krishna's exploits4  
,so far ,i have described the marks of  
rati for ,krishna4 ,now let me describe 
the characteristics of love for         
,krishna4 ,even the wise fail to        
comprehend the speech1 acts and gestures
 of the man whose heart is full of love 
for ,krishna4 7,bhagabat1 ,,xi4 ii4     
#ch74 ,as love develops1 it takes the   
forms of sneha1 man1 pranaya1 rag1      
anurag1 bhab1 and mahabhab1 just as1    

from the same source of sugar-juice we  
have molasses1 gur 7khanda71 black      
sugar1 yellow sugar-candy1 and white    
sugar-candy4 ,as these grow successively
 purer and more delicious1 so too do the
 above stages in the development of     
love4 ,in relation to its subject1 rati 
is of five kinds viz41 shanta1 dasya1   
sakhya1 batsalya1 and madhur4 ,these    
five permanent emotions 7bhab7 have five
 different flavours1 which delight the  
bhakta and over-power ,krishna4 ,the    
permanent emotions of love etc41 on     
meeting with the proper ingredient1     
mature in the form of ,krishna-bhakti   
ras4 ,the permanent emotion 7bhab7 on   
being mingled with ras is changed into  
these four1--bibhaba1 anubhaba1         
sativika1 byabhichari2--just as curd1 on
 being mixed with gur1 black pepper1 and
 camphor1 becomes a thing of matchless  
deliciousness named rasal4 ,bibhaba is  
of two kinds1 7i7 alamban1 which is     
kindled by ,krishna1 etc41 and 7ii7     
uddipan1 by the notes of ,his flute1    

etc4 ,anubhaba is stimulated by smile1  
dance and song4 ,stupor and other       
sensations are included in satwika      
anubhaba4 ,byabhichari is of #cc kinds1 
such as delight1 rapture1 c4  ,ras is of
 five kinds1--shanta1 dasya1 sakhya1    
batsalya1 and madhur4 ,in the shanta    
ras1 rati advances to the stage of prem2
 in the dasya to rag1 sakhya and        
batsalya attain to the limit of anurag  
7as was the case with ,subal and others 
love for ,krishna74  ,krishna1 the      
darling of ,braja's lord1 is the chief  
of lovers1 while the lady ,radha is at  
the head of mistresses4 ,krishna's      
qualities are endless1 even a single one
 of them when unfolded can soothe the   
ears of a bhakta4  ,countless are       
,radhika's qualities1 of which #be are  
the principal ones1 which have conquered
 ,krishna4  ,the lover and his mistress 
are the themes of two rasas1 and the    
foremost of the class are ,radha and    
,krishna4 ,similarly1 in the dasya ras1 
the subject is a servant1 in the sakhya 

a comrade1 in the batsalya the parents4 
,this ras is tasted only by ,krishna's  
bhaktas2 those who are not devoted to   
,him have not the lot to enjoy it4      
,before this1 at ,allahabad ,i          
discoursed on ras and inspired with my  
power your brother ,rup ,goswami4 ,do   
you preach the lore of bhakti2 do you   
discover the lost shrines of ,mathura4  
,at ,brindaban teach the adoration of   
,krishna1 the proper conduct of         
,vaishnavs1 and the scriptures of the   
creed of bhakti4  ,thus did the ,master 
teach ,sanatan all about the temperate  
conquest of passions 7bairagya7 and     
condemned arid bairagya which consists  
of 7mere7 knowledge4 ,vide the ,gita1   
xii4 #ac et seq and ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 ii4
 #e4  ,then ,sanatan asked about the    
metaphorical interpretations 7siddhanta7
 of all the acts of ,krishna's life and 
the ,master clearly explained them4 ,at 
last ,sanatan clasped ,his feet and     
biting a wisp of grass in sign of       
abjectness prayed to ,him thus3 ,i am a 

wretch1 of low caste1 and the servant of
 the unclean4 ,and yet thou hast taught 
me theological expositions which even   
,brahma knows not6 ,my despicable mind  
cannot contain even a single drop of    
this ocean of exposition that thou hast 
poured into it4 ,thou canst make even   
the lame dance1 if so thou wishest4 ,lay
 thy feet on my head and pronounce on me
 the blessing that all that thou hast   
taught me may become bright within me4  
,may ,i derive power from thy power6    
,and the ,master blessed him            
accordingly4 ,text1 canto #bc4  ,again  
did ,sanatan clasp the ,master's feet   
and ask ,him1 ,i have heard that you    
explained to ,sarvabhauma in eighteen   
different ways the following couplet of 
the ,bhagabat1 ,i4 vii4 #aj3--          
,sanskrit words  ,my mind1 on hearing of
 it1 has been seized with wonder and    
curiosity4 ,if thou tellest it again    
graciously1 my ears will be charmed4    
,the ,master answered1 ,i am a mad man2 
,sarvabhauma took my mad words for      

truth4 ,i do not remember what ravings  
,i uttered in his house4 ,but should    
your company inspire me ,i may possibly 
recollect a little of it4 ,my mind is   
not naturally enlightened as to the     
sense of the verses2 what ,i shall say  
is only the outcome of the influence of 
your company4  ,his #fa subtle          
interpretations of the above stanza and 
the rules of ,sanskrit grammar          
lexicography and logic appealed to by   
the ,master in support of them1 are     
omitted here in the #bnd edition4       
,listening to these sixty-one diverse   
explanations1 ,sanatan was filled with  
wonder1 and praised the ,great ,master1 
clinging to ,his feet1 ,thou art ,god   
incarnate1 the darling of ,braja's lord4
 ,thy breath called into being all the  
,vedas4 ,thou art the speaker in the    
,bhagabat1 and thou knowest its meaning1
 which none else can under stand6 ,the  
,master objected1 ,why praise me8 ,why  
not consider the nature of the          
,bhagabat1 which is like ,krishna1      

all-embracing1 the refuge of all4 ,every
 couplet1 nay every letter of it        
breathes a variety of senses4 ,by means 
of a dialogue this fact has been        
established in the ,bhagabat itself4    
7,i4 i4 #bc and iii4 #db74 ,these my    
interpretations of the shloka are like  
the ravings of a mad man4 ,who will     
accept them8 ,if any one be mad like me1
 he will understand the meaning of the  
,bhagabat from this specimen4  ,again   
did ,sanatan with folded palms entreat  
,him1 ,master1 thou has bidden me write 
the sacred code 7smriti7 of ,vaishnavs4 
,i am a man of low caste1 ignorant of   
ceremonial cleanness 7achar74 ,how can  
smriti be taught by me8 ,if you teach me
 an outline of it in the form of sutras 
7aphorisms71 if you yourself enter my   
heart1 then the sketch will inspire the 
mind of a low man like me4 ,thou art    
,god2 whatever thou makest me speak will
 prove true4 ,the ,master replied1      
,whatever you wish to do1 ,krishna will 
inspire your mind with knowledge of it4 

,i1 however1 give you a rapid survey of 
the different points which you should   
deal with in compiling the ,vaishnav    
sacred code 7,a long list1 not          
translated here74 ,in every case quote  
as your authority the sayings of the    
,purans4 ,when you will write1 ,krishna 
will inspire you4 text1 canto #bd4      
,,chapter ,,xxii  ,the ,master converts 
the people of ,benares and returns to   
,jagannath  ,thus did the ,master in two
 months instruct ,sanatan in the entire 
lore of the philosophy of faith4        
,chandra ,shekhar's comrade1            
,paramananda ,kirtania1 an expert       
artist1 performed kirtan before the     
,master4  ,as the ,master had slighted  
the sannyasis they everywhere spoke ill 
of ,him4 ,at this the ,maratha ,brahman 
sadly reflected1 ,whosoever has a close 
view of the ,master's character feels   
,him to be ,god indeed1 and admits ,him 
as such4 ,if ,i can bring them and ,him 
together1 they will perceive this       
quality and become ,his followers4 ,i   

have always to dwell in ,kashi1 and if  
,i do not effect this1 it will be a     
matter of everlasting regret to me4     
,so1 he invited all the sannyasis1 and  
himself went on a visit to the ,master4 
,chandra ,shekhar and ,tapan ,mishra1   
grieved to hear ,him defamed1 were      
humbly entreating ,him1 and ,his mind1  
too1 was thinking of the conversion of  
the sannyasis1 in order to remove the   
grief of ,his bhaktas4 ,just then the   
,maratha ,brahman arrived and clasping  
the ,master's feet by much entreaty     
induced ,him to accept his invitation4  
,at noon ,he went to ,his host's house1 
and bestowed salvation on the sannyasis 
in the manner described in ,part ,i4 of 
this book4  ,from the day on which ,he  
blessed the sannyasis1 a sensation was  
created in the village2 crowds flocked  
to behold the ,master2 scholars of      
various schools came to discuss theology
 with ,him1 but ,he refuted all their   
philosophies and established faith as   
the final truth4 ,by ,his reasoned      

speech he turned the minds of them all1 
and they followed ,his instruction and  
began to chant ,krishna's name4 ,all men
 laughed1 sang1 and danced4 ,the        
sannyasis submitted to ,him2 quitting   
their studies they formed assemblies of 
their own to discourse on faith4  ,a    
disciple of ,prakashananda1 equal to him
 in attainments1 spoke reverently of the
 ,master in open meeting thus1          
,chaitanya is ,narayan himself4 ,he     
explains the aphorisms of ,vyas most    
charmingly4 ,his exposition of the root 
meaning of the ,upanishads gratifies the
 hearing and mind of scholars even4 ,our
 teacher ,prakashananda gives a fanciful
 explanation of the aphorisms of the    
,upanishads leaving their essential     
meaning out4 ,on hearing his fanciful   
explanations scholars pretend to        
approve1 but are not inwardly convinced1
 whereas ,chaitanya's words feel to be  
truth indeed4 ,in the ,kali ,yug1 one   
cannot vanquish the ,world by           
asceticism2 the highest conclusion and  

true source of bliss is contained in the
 exposition which ,he gave of the verses
 ',hari's name alone c'4 ,the ,bhagabat 
asserts that there cannot be salvation  
without faith1 and that rapture in the  
name of ,hari can give an easy          
deliverance in the ,kali ,yug4          
7,bhagabat1 ,x4 xiv4 #d and ii4 #bf74   
,the term ,brahma connotes ,god full of 
the six divine attributes4 ,to describe 
,him as abstract is to impair ,his      
fulness4 ,the ,shruti ,purans deal with 
the manifestations of ,krishna's chit   
power4 ,philosophers laugh at it        
irreverently4 ,they look upon ,krishna's
 chidananda images as a mere piece of   
illusion4 ,in this they sin grievously4 
,chaitanya's view is the true one4      
7,bhagabat1 ,,iii4 ix4 #c and #d2 ,gita1
 ix4 n and xvi4 #ai74 ,the aphorisms of 
,vedanta teach the theory of parinam    
7result71 but our teacher disregards it1
 calls ,vyas ignorant1 and asserts the  
theory of bivarta4 ,this fanciful       
interpretation does not satisfy the     

mind4 ,fancies at variance with         
scripture prove a man a wretch4 ,engaged
 in vain disputation1 ,i have hitherto  
forgotten to know the ,supreme ,essence4
 ,oh6 how shall ,i merit ,krishna's     
grace8 ,our teacher has obscured the    
meaning of ,vyas's aphorisms1 whereas   
,chaitanya has revealed it4 ,true are   
,his words2 all other theories are false
 and futile4  ,so saying he began to    
sing ,krishna's sankirtan4 ,at this     
,parkashananda remarked1 ,the ,acharya  
was eager to establish ,monism1 and he  
had therefore to twist the sense of the 
aphorisms4 ,if you admit ,god's         
bhagawanship1 you cannot establish      
,monism4 ,so the ,acharya had to refute 
all the ,shastras4 ,no author who wishes
 to set up his own theory can give the  
plain meaning of the scriptures4 ,a     
philosopher of the ,mimansa school      
speaks of ,god as a part and parcel of  
,his work2 the ,sankhya speaks of ,him  
as the cause of ,nature all over the    
universe4 ,the ,nyaya asserts that the  

world was composed out of atoms2 the    
,illusionist speaks of the abstract     
,brahma as the ,cause4 ,patanjal 7alone7
 tells us of the true nature of         
,krishna2 so ,he is the true ,god1      
according to the ,vedas4 ,none          
recognizes ,god as the ,supreme ,cause1 
each school of philosophy only sets up  
its own theory by refuting the views of 
its rivals4 ,thus from the six schools  
of philosophy we cannot know the        
spiritual truth4 ,only the words of     
great men are reliable4 ,chaitanya's    
words are a stream of nectar4 ,what ,he 
says is the essence of spiritual truth4 
,hearing all this1 the ,maratha ,brahman
 in delight went to report it to the    
,master1 whom he met going to visit     
,bindu ,madhav after ,his bath in the   
five streams4 ,at the ,brahman's        
narration ,he was pleased4 ,beholding   
the beauty of ,bindu ,madhav ,hewas     
enraptured and danced in the courtyard  
of the temple in love1 while ,chandra   
,shekhar1 ,paramananda1 ,tapan and      

,sanatan joined in a sankirtan          
chanting1--  ,hail to ,hari and ,hara6  
to ,krishna the ,yadav1 to ,gopal1      
,govinda1 ,ram and ,madhusudan4  ,lakhs 
of men surrounded them shouting ,hari6  
,hari6 ,the blessed cry filled earth and
 heaven4 ,hearing it near him1          
,prakashananda came there with his      
pupils1 moved by curiosity4 ,beholding  
the ,master's charm of person and       
dancing1 he with his disciples joined   
the cry of ,hari6 ,hari6 ,the ,master   
trembled1 spoke in a choking voice1     
perspired1 changed colour1 or at times  
stood rigidly inert1 bathing the        
bystanders with ,his tears1 ,his body   
thrilled with ecstasy like the ,kadamba 
tree4 ,he displayed every passion1      
exultation1 abjectness1 lightness c41 to
 the marvel of the people of ,benares4  
,on seeing the crowd1 the ,master       
recovered ,his senses1 and stopped ,his 
dance before the sannyasis4 ,he bowed   
very low to ,prakashananda1 who1 however
 clasped ,his feet4 ,the ,master cried  

out1 ,you are the instructor of the     
world1 and beloved of all1 while ,i am  
not worthy to be your pupil's pupil4    
,why should a high one like you bow to a
 low one like me8 ,as you are ,god-like1
 by so doing you are destroying me in   
sin4 ,though everything becomes you1 as 
it becomes ,god1 yet1 for the sake of   
holding up a lesson before the people1  
you should cease acting thus humbly4    
,prakashananda replied1 ,by touching    
your feet ,i have washed away all the   
sin of my former abuse of you6          
7,bhagabat1 ,i4 v4 #ab1 ,chakravarti's  
commentary1 quotation from the appendix 
cited in the ,basana-vashya1 also ,x4   
xxxiv4 #g74  ,the ,master cried out1 ,o 
,god6 ,o ,god6 ,i am a despicable       
creature4 ,it is a sin to regard any    
creature as ,vishnu4 ,even if a         
,god-like person holds a creature to be 
,vishnu1 then ,god will rank him among  
the infidels4 7,hari-bhakti-vilas1 i4   
#ga74  ,prakashananda replied1 ,you are 
,god himself4 ,but even if you insist on

 being regarded as ,god's slave1 you    
tire still worthy of being honoured     
above us4 ,that ,i once abused you will 
be the cause of my ruin4 7,bhagabat     
,,vi4 xvi4 #d1 ,x4 iv4 #ca1 and ,,vii4  
v4 #be74 ,i now bow at your feet1 that  
,i may kindle faith in them4  ,so saying
 he sat down there with the ,master1 and
 asked ,him1 ,the errors you have       
pointed out in the theory of illusion1  
are1 ,i know1 the fanciful              
interpretations of ,shankar ,acharya4   
,your exposition of the essential       
meaning of the aphorisms has charmed the
 minds of all4 ,you are ,god and can do 
everything4 ,tell me then briefly1 ,i   
long to hear your interpretation of     
,vyas's aphorisms4 ,the ,master         
protested1 ,i am a creature             
insignificant in knowledge4 ,vyas was   
,god's self and his aphorisms have a    
deep meaning1 which no creature can     
know4 ,hence he has himself explained   
his aphorisms4 ,when the writer is his  
own commentator1 men can understand his 

meaning4 ,the meaning of pranaba in the 
,gayatri mantra is explained at length  
in the four verses of the ,bhagabat1    
,,ii4 ix4 #cj-cc4 ,first ,god imparted  
these four verses to ,brahma1 who taught
 them to ,narad1 and the latter to      
,vyas1 who reflected1 ,i shall make the 
,bhagabat itself a commentary on any    
aphorisms4 ,so he accumulated the       
teaching of the four ,vedas and the     
,upanishads4 ,every rik which is the    
subject matter of a particular aphorism1
 is formed into a separate verse in the 
,bhagabat4 ,the ,bhagabat and the       
,upanishads1 therefore1 speak with one  
voice2 the former is nothing more than a
 commentary on the latter4 ,bhagabat1   
,,viii4 i4 #h1 says1  ',everything that 
exists in the world is the abode of     
,god4 ,therefore enjoy what ,god has    
given you1 and covet not another's      
possessions4'  ,the above verse takes a 
bird's-eye view of the whole subject4   
,similarly every verse of the ,bhagabat 
is like a rik4 ,in the 'four verses' the

 ,bhagabat has unfolded the             
characteristics of ,connection1 ,means  
7abhidheya71 and ,need4 ,connection with
 ',i' is the truth2 perception of ',i'  
is the highest knowledge1 the devotion  
and faith necessary to attain to ',i' is
 called the ,means4 ,the fruit of       
devotion is love1 which is the radical  
,need4 ,that love enables a man to enjoy
 ',i'4 ,vide the ,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 ix4   
#cj1 ,god's words to ,brahma3  ',the    
knowledge of me is deeply mysterious4   
,accept as spoken by me whatever is     
united to supreme knowledge 7bijnan71   
attended by mystery1 and a part of tat4'
 ,or in other words1 ,god says here1    
',these three truths have ,i explained  
to you1 because being a creature you    
could not have understood them1 viz41 my
 nature1 my dwelling 7sthiti71 and my   
attributes1 works1 and six powers4 ,my  
grace will inspire you with all these4' 
,so saying ,god imparted the three      
truths to ,brahma3 7i7 ,bhagabat ,,ii4  
ix4 #ca1--  ',may you1 through my grace1

 at once attain to true knowledge about 
the nature of my form 7swarup71 my      
component element 7sattwa71 and my      
attributes and acts4' 7,god's speech to 
,brahma74  ,or in other words1 ,god says
 ',before creation1 being myself endowed
 with the six divine powers1 and drawing
 into myself ,prapancha-,nature1 ,i     
create while dwelling within it4 ,the   
,prapancha that men beholds is no other 
than me4 ,in destruction my remaining   
attributes manifest themselves1         
completing me and so ,prapancha-nature  
finds absorption in me4'  7#b7 ,again1  
,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 ix4 #cb1 ,god speaks to
 ,brahma3--  ',this ,i alone existed    
before creation1 and none else4 ,nature1
 the cause of the gross and subtle      
universes1 did not then exist4 ,this ,i 
alone exist even after creation2 this   
universe is indeed myself4 ,whatever    
will survive the destruction 7pralaya7  
of the world will also be this ,i4'  ,in
 this verse the phrase ',this ,i' occurs
 thrice and determines the dwelling of  

the full-power divine incarnation       
7vigraha74 ,he has 7clearly7 pronounced 
on this point in order to rebuke those  
7philosophers7 who do not admit         
incarnations 7vigraha74 ,the term 'this'
 indicates jnan1 vijnan1 and vivek4     
,illusion is ,god's work1 therefore     
,god's self 7',i'7 is different from    
illusion1 just as a faint glow shines in
 the sky where the ,sun was1 but it     
cannot appear of itself without aid of  
the ,sun4 ,it is only by going beyond   
illusion that we can perceive4 ,here the
 truth of ,connection with ,god has been
 unfolded4  7#c7 ,next in ,bhagabat1    
,,ii4 ix4 #cc1 ,god tells ,brahma1--    
',know that to be my illusion which     
being unreal appears to the 7human7 mind
 as real1 or being real is not          
recognized by the mind2 just as the     
reflection in the water of the moon of  
the sky1 though unreal1 seems to be a   
second moon indeed2 or as the ,rahu of  
darkness1 though real1 escapes man's    
perception4'  ,listen to an exposition  

of faith as a means of devotion4 ,in    
religious rites we have to observe      
distinctions according to person1       
locality1 time and condition4 ,but in   
the practice of bhakti no such          
difference has to be made2 it is the    
duty of all in every place1 condition   
and time4 ,ask a guru about faith1 and  
learn its nature from him4 7,bhagabat1  
,,ii4 ix4 #ce74  ',the man who seeks    
spiritual truth will admit that that    
substance alone is the ,soul 7atma7     
which dwells at all times and within    
everything by acting as the anwaya      
7necessary7 and byatireka               
7non-necessary7 causes of things4'      
,attachment to ',i' is love1 the        
,needful thing4 ,i shall describe its   
marks by means of actions4 ,as the five 
spirits 7pancha-bhut7 dwell within and  
without all creation1 similarly ,i      
inspire my bhaktas within and without4  
7,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 ix4 #cd71--  ',as the 
,great ,spirits 7maha-bhutani7 enter    
material objects after their creation1  

but remained outside them as causes     
before their creation1 so ,i too remain 
at once within and without all created  
things4'  ',my bhakta has confined me to
 his lotus-like heart4 ,wherever he     
glances he beholds me4' 7,bhagabat1     
,,xi4 ii4 #ej and #dc1 ,x4 xxx4 #d74    
,thus does the ,bhagabat explain three  
things1 ,connection1 ,means1 and ,need4 
7,bhagabat1 ,i4 ii4 #a74  ,now listen to
 the abhidheya faith1 which inspires    
every line of the ,bhagabat 7,,xi4 xiv4 
#bj74  ,now hear about love1 the radical
 ,need1 whose marks are joyous tears1   
dance and song4 7,,xi4 iii4 #cb and ii4 
#ch74  ,therefore is the ,bhagabat that 
author's own commentary on the ,brahma  
,sutra2 it settles the meaning of the   
,maha ,bharat1 explains the ,gayatri1   
and amplifies by gloss the meaning of   
the ,vedas1 as is said in the ,garuda   
,puran4 ,vide also the two verses from  
the same ,puran quoted by ,shridhar     
,swami in his commentary on the         
,bhagabat1 ,i4 #a1 also ,bhagabat1 ,i4  

i4 #a-c and #ai1 the ,gita1 xviii4 #ed1 
,bhagabat1 ,,ii4 i4 #i1 ,,iii4 xv4 #dc1 
,i4 vii4 #aj4  ,then the ,maratha       
,brahman told the assembled people how  
the ,master had explained the last      
mentioned verse in sixty-one different  
ways4 ,the men wondered and pressed the 
,master1 who gave ,his interpretations  
again4 ,they marvelled exceedingly and  
concluded that ,chaitanya was ,krishna  
incarnate4  ,this said1 the ,master left
 the place4 ,men bowed to ,him and      
shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 ,all the people of
 ,benares began to make sankirtan of    
,krishna's name1 laughing1 dancing and  
singing in love4 ,the sannyasi          
philosophers took to the study of the   
,bhagabat4 7,in short7 the ,master saved
 the city of ,benares1 which became a   
second ,navadwip in fervour4  ,returning
 to ,his quarters with ,his attendants1 
the ,master said jestingly1 ,i had come 
to ,benares to sell my sentimental      
stuff1 for which there was no purchaser 
here4 ,i could not carry my merchandise 

back to my country1 as you would have   
been grieved to see me carrying the     
load6 ,so1 to please you all1 ,i have   
distributed my goods freely6  ,they all 
replied1 ,you have come to deliver      
mankind4 ,before this you had carried   
salvation to the ,south and the ,west4  
,benares alone was adverse to you1 and  
now you have redeemed it1 to our        
delight4  ,the sensation at ,benares    
spread4 ,millions of country people     
began to come to the city4 ,they could  
not see the ,master at the place of     
sankirtan1 but formed lines on both     
sides of the road to watch ,him going to
 bathe or visit ,vishweshwar4 ,with     
uplifted arms ,he ordered them to chant 
,hari's name2 they prostrated themselves
 and shouted ,hari6 ,hari6  ,five days  
were thus passed in delivering the      
people1 and then the ,master grew       
anxious4 ,when ,he started walking away 
at night1 ,his five bhaktas followed    
,him1--viz41 ,tapan ,mishra1 ,raghunath1
 the ,maratha ,brahman1 ,chandra        

,shekhar1 and the singer                
,paramananda1--all wishing to accompany 
,him to ,puri4 ,but the ,master sent    
them back gently1 giving them leave to  
come afterwards1 as ,he was returning   
alone by the ,jharikhand route4 ,to     
,sanatan ,he said1 ,go to ,brindaban1 to
 your two brothers4 ,if my bhakta       
beggars1 clad in quilt and bowl in hand1
 go there1 cherish them4 ,so saying ,he 
embraced and left them1 while they all  
fell down fainting4 ,recovering they    
sadly took the way back to home4  ,when 
,rup reached ,mathura1 at the ,dhruba   
ghat he met ,subuddhi ,ray1 who had once
 been governor of ,gaur with ,sayyid    
,husain ,khan as his servant4 ,husain   
was ordered to dig a tank1 and on his   
committing some fault1 his master1 the  
,ray1 flogged him4 ,when1 afterwards1   
,husain ,shah became ,sultan of ,bengal1
 he greatly promoted ,subuddhi ,ray4    
,but the ,sultana1 noticing the scar of 
the lash on ,husain's back1 pressed him 
to murder the ,ray4 ,the ,sultan        

declined saying that the ,ray was his   
former patron1 a father unto him4 ,but  
the queen urged him to destroy the      
,ray's caste while sparing his life4    
,husain answered that ,subuddhi would   
not survive the loss of his caste4 ,the 
king was hard pressed by the queen1 and 
at last forced water from his own goglet
 into the ,ray's mouth4 ,at this the    
,ray left all his possessions1 fled to  
,bewares1 and asked the pandits there   
about the proper penance4 ,thev replied1
 ,give up your life by drinking steaming
 ghee4 ,this is not a venial sin6 ,the  
,ray remained perplexed1 but when the   
,master arrived there1 he told ,him all4
 ,chaitanya advised him to go to        
,brindaban and ceaselessly chant        
,krishna's name1 as one utterance of the
 name would wash away all his sins and a
 repetition of it would gain him        
,krishna's feet4  ,the ,ray reached     
,mathura by way of ,prayag1 ,ayodhya1   
and the ,naimish forest 7where he       
lingered some days74 ,in the meantime   

the ,master returned from ,brindaban to 
,prayag1 and ,subuddhi on reaching      
,mathura grieved to miss ,him4 ,the ,ray
 sold dry faggots at ,mathura1 at five  
or six piece per bundle4 ,he lived by   
chewing one pice worth of gram and      
lodged the rest of his earnings with a  
bania4 ,whenever he met a poor          
,vaishnav1 he fed him1 and to ,bengali  
pilgrims he gave curd1 rice and oil for 
anointing the body4 ,rup greatly        
favoured him1 and took him through the  
,twelve ,woods in his own company4      
,after a month at ,brindaban1 ,rup      
hurriedly left to search ,sanatan out4  
,hearing that the ,master had taken the 
,ganges route to ,prayag1 ,rup and his  
brother ,anupam followed that path4 ,but
 ,sanatan from ,prayag went to ,mathura 
by the king's highway1 and so missed    
,rup1 who had taken a different route1  
as ,subuddhi ,ray told ,sanatan on his  
arrival at ,mathura4 ,tenderly did the  
,ray treat ,sanatan1 who cared not for  
tender treatment2 being very averse to  

the world1 he roamed through the woods1 
passing a day and night under each tree 
and grove4 ,securing a copy of the holy 
book named ,mathura ,mahatmya1 he       
searched the forests to discover the    
forgotten shrines4  ,rup with his       
youngest brother came to ,kashi and     
there met the ,maratha ,brahman1        
,chandra ,shekhar1 and ,tapan ,mishra4  
,he lived with ,chandra ,shekhar1 dined 
with the ,mishra1 and heard from the    
latter how the ,master had taught       
,sanatan4 ,delighted was he to hear from
 them about the ,master's doings at     
,kashi and ,his grace to the sannyasis1 
and to see the devotion of the people to
 him1 and hear them chanting kirtan4    
,after a ten days stay there1 ,rup left 
for ,bengal4  ,the ,master wended ,his  
way to ,puri1 feeling intense bliss in  
the lonely jungle path4 ,balabhadra     
accompanied ,him1 and ,he sported with  
the deer and other animals as during    
,his first journey4 ,reaching           
,athara-nala ,he sent ,bhattacharya in  

advance to summon ,his followers4 ,at   
the news of ,his return1 they got a new 
life as it were1 ran to ,him in rapture 
and met ,him at the ,narendra tank4 ,the
 ,master touched the feet of the ,puri  
and the ,bharati1 who embraced ,him     
lovingly4 ,damodar ,swarup1 ,gadadhar   
,pandit1 ,jagadananda1 ,kashishwar1     
,govinda1 ,vakreshwar1 ,kashi ,mishra1  
,pradyumna ,mishra1 ,damodar ,pandit1   
,haridas ,thakur1 ,shankar ,pandit1 and 
all other bhaktas fell down at ,his     
feet4 ,he embraced each and was over    
come with love4 ,the faithful swam in   
the ocean of bliss4 ,with them ,he went 
to visit ,jagannath1 before whom ,he    
with ,his party danced and sang long in 
rapture4 ,the servitor of the god       
presented ,him with a garland and       
prasad1 while ,tulsi ,parichha bowed at 
,his feet4  ,the ,master's arrival was  
soon noised abroad in the village4      
,sarvabhauma1 ,ramananda1 and ,vaninath 
joined ,him4 ,with them all ,he repaired
 to ,kashi ,mishra's house4 ,sarvabhauma

 bade ,him to dinner1 but ,he declined1 
and ordering some maha-prasad to be     
brought1 feasted there with all ,his    
followers4 ,text1 canto #be4            
,,chapter ,,xxiii#a  ,the ,master       
teaches ,his disciples at ,puri2 the    
meeting with ,sanatan  ,author's words  
in commencing the ,last ,acts 7,antya   
,lila73--,i bow to the ,lord ,god       
,krishna-,chaitanya1 whose grace enables
 a cripple to cross mountains and a dumb
 man to recite the scriptures4 ,i am    
blind2 this path is difficult1 and ,i am
 again and again stumbling on it4 ,may  
the saints be my support by lending me  
the staff of their compassion6  ,i adore
 the feel of my six gurus1--,rup1       
,sanatan1 ,raghunath ,bhatta1 ,jiv1     
,gopal ,bhatta1 and ,raghunath-das1--who
 will remove evil 7from my path7 and    
fulfil my desire4 ,in the ,madhya ,lila 
,i have given a brief outline of the    
,antya ,lila4 ,i am now stricken with   
the decrepitude of age1 and know death  
to be near4 ,therefore1 ,i write in     

detail such acts of the ,antya ,lila as 
have not been described before4  ,when  
the ,master returned from ,brindaban to 
,nilachal1 ,swarup ,goswami sent word of
 it to ,bengal4 ,shachi rejoiced to hear
 of it2 all the bhaktas rejoiced4 ,they 
all set off for ,nilachal4 ,the men of  
,kulin village and the men of ,khand all
 joined ,acharya ,shivananda4           
,shivananda ,sen undertook to pass them 
through the police out posts 7ghati7 of 
the road1 looked after them1 and secured
 lodgings for them4 ,when they arrived  
at ,nilachal1 they all met the ,master1 
as in past years4 ,at the end of four   
months1 the ,master sent the bhaktas    
back to ,bengal4  ,every year the       
,bengali adorers used to come1 meet the 
,master1 and then return home4 ,from    
other provinces1 too1 people used to    
come to ,jagannath-,puri and attain the 
bliss of gazing at the feet of          
,chaitanya4 ,but there were many        
householders who could not come4 ,for   
their salvation the ,master inspired    

worthy disciples in those countries with
 ,his own force1 and thus all countries 
were made ,vaishnav4  ,bhagaban         
,acharya1 a great ,vaishnav1 very       
learned and high-born 7arya71 lived at  
,jagannath-,puri1 seeking the ,master's 
company1 as the cow-boys of ,mathura did
 ,krishna's4 ,he was a comrade of       
,swarup ,goswami1 and took absolute     
refuge at the feet of ,chaitanya4 ,at   
times he used to invite the ,master and 
made ,him dine alone in his house4  ,one
 day1 when the ,acharya had bidden the  
,master to dinner at his house1 he      
called the ,master's chanter1 the       
,lesser ,haridas1 and told him to bring 
on his behalf a maund of white rice from
 the sister of ,shikhi ,mahiti4 ,she was
 named ,madhavi ,devi1 an old anchorite 
and devout ,vaishnav4 ,at his meal the  
,master praised the rice and learnt that
 it had been supplied by ,madhavi       
through the ,lesser ,haridas4 ,when ,he 
returned to ,his lodgings1 he ordered   
,govinda to exclude ,haridas from the   

place from that day onwards4  ,haridas  
grieved at the ,master's doors being    
closed to him4 ,for three days he       
fasted4 ,none knew the reason of his    
exclusion4 ,then ,swarup and others     
asked the ,master1 who replied1 ,i      
cannot look at the face of a bairagi who
 speaks to a woman4 ,our passions are   
hard to control and take hold of their  
natural objects of gratification4 ,even 
the wooden statue of a woman can steal  
the heart of an ascetic4 7,they prayed  
for ,his pardon1 but in vain4 ,when even
 ,puri ,goswami interceded for ,haridas1
 the ,master in anger threatened to     
leave ,his disciples there and migrate  
alone to ,alalnath74 ,at the sight of   
,haridas's punishment1 terror seized all
 the bhaktas4 ,they gave up conversing  
with women even in dreams4  ,thus did   
,haridas pass a year1 and yet the       
,master did not feel any grace for him4 
,so1 one night ,haridas bowed to the    
,master from a distance and went away to
 ,allahabad without telling anybody4 ,he

 concentrated his mind on attaining to  
the ,master's feet in the next life and 
gave up his life by plunging into the   
junction of the three rivers1 7,triveni 
at ,allahabad74  ,an ,oriya ,brahman    
boy1 handsome1 gentle of manner1 but    
fatherless1 used to visit the ,master at
 ,puri daily1 bow to ,him and hold      
converse with ,him4 ,the ,master was as 
life unto him1 and he enjoyed the       
,master's favour4 ,damodar could not    
bear to see this attachment1 and again  
and again forbade the boy to come4 ,but 
he could not live without seeing the    
,master2 he came daily and the ,master  
showed him great love2 it is natural for
 a boy to come where he meets with love4
  ,the sight grieved ,damodar1 but he   
could not say any thing as the boy      
heeded not his prohibition4 ,one day the
 boy visited the ,master1 who lovingly  
inquired after his health4 ,after a time
 the boy left4 ,damodar could not       
contain himself any longer1 but burst   
out with1 ,in other connections you are 

called a ,goswami4 ,we shall soon know  
what sort of ,goswami you are6 ,all men 
will soon sing the praise of our        
,goswami6 ,his reputation will be now   
established at ,puri6  ,the ,master1    
hearing it1 asked1 ,what is this that   
you are talking1 ,damodar8 ,the man     
replied1 ,you are a free ,god4 ,you act 
as you please4 ,who can forbid you8 ,but
 who can shut the mouth of the garrulous
 world8 ,you are a wise man4 ,why then  
do you not reflect deeply8 ,why do you  
love a widow's son8 ,true1 she is chaste
 and an ascetic2 but she has the faults 
of being beautiful and young4 ,you too  
are youthful and extremely handsome4    
,this will give an opportunity to       
scandal-mongers to whisper4  ,damodar   
ceased speaking4 ,the ,master1 pleased  
at heart1 smiled and reflected1 thinking
 ,this is a current of the purest love4 
,i have no well-wisher like ,damodar4   
,another day1 the ,master took ,damodar 
aside and said1 ,damodar1 go to         
,navadwip1 and stay there with my       

mother4 ,i do not see any other guardian
 for her than you4 ,you have warned me  
even6 ,i have no candid friend like you 
among my followers4 ,unless a man is    
candid 7lit41 impartial71 virtue cannot 
be guarded4 ,you have done something    
which even ,i cannot do4 ,you have      
reprimanded me1 what shall we say of    
others8 ,go to my mother's house and    
remain at her feet4 ,in your presence   
nobody can act freely4 ,come here       
occasionally to see me1 and then return 
there quickly4 ,convey to mother my     
millions of salutation4 ,make her happy 
with the news of my happiness4 ,say that
 ,i have sent you to her to tell her    
constantly of me4 ,so saying delight her
 heart4  7,the miracles of the ,vaishnav
 saint ,haridas ,thakur1 not            
translated74  ,when ,rup ,goswami1 after
 visiting the ,master at ,puri1 went to 
,bengal for returning to ,brindaban1 his
 brother ,sanatan came from ,mathura to 
,nilachal4 ,he travelled by the         
,jharikhand jungles 7,santal parganas71 

now fasting1 now chewing dry grains4    
,scabs broke out on his skin from the   
bad water of ,jharikhand and the        
irregularity of diet1 and exudations ran
 down his body4  ,on the way he sadly   
reflected1 ,i belong to a low caste4 ,my
 body is vile4 ,i shall fail to see the 
,master when ,i go to ,puri4 ,he lives1 
,i hear1 near the temple4 ,but ,i dare  
not go near it1 as the servitors of     
,jagannath are constantly passing there 
on business and it will be a sin if ,i  
accidentally touch them4 ,therefore1 ,i 
shall renounce my body by throwing      
myself under the wheels of ,jagannath's 
car when the god is taken out in the car
 procession2 thus shall ,i attain at a  
holy place relief from my pangs and the 
salvation of my soul4  ,so resolving1 he
 came to ,nilachal and alighted at      
,haridas's place4 ,he bowed at the feet 
of ,haridas1 who learning his name      
embraced him4 ,his heart yearned for the
 sight of the ,master4 ,haridas assured 
him that ,he would soon come4  ,the     

,master1 after witnessing the           
,upala-bhog of ,jagannath1 came there   
with ,his disciples to meet ,haridas4   
,the two prostrated themselves at ,his  
feet4 ,the ,master raised ,haridas and  
embraced him4 ,haridas said1 ,here is   
,sanatan1 bowing to you4 ,the ,master   
looked at ,sanatan with interest and    
advanced to embrace him1 while ,sanatan 
ran backwards shouting1 ,touch me not1  
,master1 ,i beseech ,thee4 ,i am of low 
caste1 and in addition my skin is       
running with exudations4 ,but the       
,master embraced him by force1 and ,his 
fair body was stained with ,sanatan's   
sores4 ,he introduced all ,his disciples
 to ,sanatan1 who bowed at their feet4  
,with them all the ,master sat down on  
the raised terrace1 while ,haridas and  
,sanatan sat below4 ,he inquired after  
,sanatan's health1 who replied ,my      
supreme bliss is that ,i have gazed on  
,thy feet4 ,the ,master then asked about
 the ,vaishnavs of ,mathura1 and        
,sanatan reported that they were well4  

,the ,master said1 ,rup your brother was
 here for ten months1 and he left for   
,bengal only ten days ago4 ,your        
youngest brother ,anupam has died on the
 bank of the ,ganges4 ,he was a staunch 
devotee of ,ram4 ,sanatan replied1 ,i   
have been born in a low family2 ,all    
sorts of wickedness and wrongdoing were 
my hereditary burden4 ,such a family    
thou hast accepted1 without scorning it6
 ,my whole family has been blessed by   
thy grace4 ,this ,anupam was devoted to 
,ram-worship from his childhood4 ,day   
and night he used to meditate on the    
name of ,ram1 hear the ,ramayan read1   
and chant it4 ,he used to live with ,rup
 and myself constantly and listen with  
us to ,krishna's deeds and the          
,bhagabat4 ,we one day tested him       
saying1 ,listen1 dear1 ,krishna is very 
delicious2 he abounds in beauty1        
sweetness1 love1 and grace4 ,do you1    
therefore1 adore ,krishna in our        
company4 ,we three brothers shall dwell 
together in the delights of discourses  

on ,krishna4 ,so we two urged him again 
and again4 ,our influence turned his    
mind a little and he responded1 ,how    
long can ,i resist your command8        
,initiate me in the mantra and ,i shall 
adore ,krishna in future4 ,so saying1 he
 paced up and down all the night1 waking
 and crying how he could leave ,ram's   
feet4 ,next morning he told us1 ,i have 
sold my head to the feet of ,ram1 and it
 pains me excessively to draw my head   
away thence1 ,have mercy on me and      
permit me to worship ,ram's feet birth  
after birth4 ,then we two embraced him  
and praised him saying noble is the     
firmness of thy faith4 ,master1 when you
 bless a family1 it enjoys every good1  
and all its troubles1 disappear4  ,the  
,master replied1 ,just in the same way  
did ,i test ,murari ,gupta before4 ,that
 bhakta is noble who does not leave his 
,lord's feet4 ,that ,master is blessed  
who does not abandon his own devotee4   
,it is well that you have come here4    
,dwell in the same house with ,haridas4 

,one day the ,master came there1 as was 
his daily wont1 to meet the two1 and    
began abruptly to speak1 ,sanatan6 ,if  
giving up life could have made one gain 
,krishna1 ,i could have sacrificed my   
life a million times over in a moment4  
,it is not by courting death but by     
adoration that we can gain ,krishna4    
,there is no other way of gaining him   
than bhakti4 ,suicide and the like are a
 low dark 7tamas7 kind of dharma4 ,but  
the tamas and rajas kinds of dharma     
cannot give us the essence of ,krishna4 
,without bhakti there cannot be love1   
and without love ,krishna cannot be     
attained4  ,suicide and the like are a  
tamas dharma1 and the cause of sin2     
through them a devotee cannot attain to 
,krishna's feet4 ,the loving bhakta     
wishes to quit his body when separated  
from his ,lord2 but when love has       
brought ,krishna to him1 he cannot think
 of death4  ,give up your evil intention
 and listen to the kirtan1 and soon will
 you get the treasure of love for       

,krishna4 ,even a low-caste man is not  
unfit to adore ,krishna4 ,even a        
well-born ,brahman is not1 merely by    
reason of his birth worthy to adore him4
 ,he who adores is great2 the man       
wanting in devotion is low and          
despicable4 ,in the worship of ,krishna 
there is no distinction of caste or     
pedigree4 ,the ,lord is more gracious to
 the lowly1 while the high-born1 the    
learned1 and the rich are too proud in  
,his eyes4 ,among the methods of        
adoration the chief are the nine kinds  
of bhakti1 which is most potent in      
giving us1 ,krishna's love1 even        
,krishna himself4 ,the highest of these 
is nam-sankirtan1 chanting the ,name4   
,chant the ,name with a pure soul and   
you will win the treasure of divine     
love6  ,sanatan marvelled when he heard 
all this1 thinking ,the ,master is      
omniscient4 ,he has divined my plan of  
suicide and forbidden it4 ,then he      
clasped the ,master's feet1 crying1 ,you
 are omniscient1 gracious1 free1 and    

,god4 ,i move like a wooden machine as  
you turn my handle4 ,i am lowly1 a      
wretch1 and wicked of disposition4 ,what
 would you gain by keeping me alive8    
,the ,master replied1 ,your body is my  
property4 ,you have given yourself up to
 me4 ,how dare you think of destroying  
what is another's property8 ,cannot you 
distinguish between a crime and a just  
deed8 ,your body is my chief instrument2
 with it ,i shall carry out many        
purposes4 ,the exposition of the nature 
of devotion1 the devotee and            
,krishna-prem1 the duties and daily     
practices of ,vaishnavs1 the            
establishing of devotion to ,krishna1   
love for ,krishna and service1 the      
restoration of forgotten holy places1   
the teaching of asceticism1 the         
preaching of this faith at ,mathura and 
,brindaban which are my favourite       
places1 all these ,i wish for4 ,but by  
my mother's command ,i live at          
,nilachal1 and therefore ,i cannot      
preach the religion at ,mathura in      

person4 ,the body by means of which ,i  
want to do all these works1 you want to 
give up4 ,how can ,i allow it8  ,at this
 ,sanatan said1 ,i bow to thee4 ,who can
 fathom the depths of thy heart8 ,as the
 juggler makes the wooden puppet dance1 
while it knows not what it plays or what
 it sings1 so1 too1 does the man whom   
you inspire1 dance with out knowing why 
he is dancing or through whom4          
,thereafter the ,master embraced the two
 and left for ,his home to do ,his      
noontide devotions4  ,haridas mourned to
 ,sanatan1 ,none can be compared with   
you in good fortune4 ,the ,master has   
declared your body to be ,his own       
property4 ,he will do through you at    
,mathura the work that ,he cannot do in 
,his own person4 ,through you ,he will  
compose the exegetics of bhakti1 and lay
 down its scriptures and practices4     
,alas6 my body has been of no service to
 the ,master4 ,my body1 though born in  
the holy land of ,bharat1 has become    
futile4  ,but ,sanatan consoled him     

saying1 ,who else is your equal8 ,among 
the ,master's followers you are the most
 fortunate4 ,the work of ,his           
incarnation is the preaching of the     
,name1 and that work ,he does through   
you4 ,daily do you chant the ,name three
 hundred thousand times4 ,before all do 
you hold forth on the glory of the      
,name4  ,the ,bengal bhaktas came on    
pilgrimage1 as before1 on the occasion  
of the ,car festival1 and stayed with   
the ,master for the four months of the  
monsoon4 ,the ,master introduced to them
 ,sanatan who bowed at their feet and   
they favoured him4 ,his excellent       
character and deep scholarship endeared 
,sanatan to all4  ,in the month of      
,jyaishtha the ,master went to          
,yameshwar ,tota 7garden7 to dine at the
 entreaty of ,his bhaktas4 ,at noon ,he 
called for ,sanatan1 who delighted to   
hear of it1 and went to ,him by way of  
the sea-beach4 ,he reached the ,master  
with his two feet blistered by the hot  
sand4  ,the ,master asked ,by what route

 have you come1 ,sanatan8 ,he replied1  
,by the sea-side4 ,then the ,master     
said1 ,why did you come over the hot    
sand8 ,why did you not take the cool    
path before the ,lion ,gate             
7singha-dwar78 ,the hot sand has        
blistered your feet4 ,you cannot walk2  
how could you bear the journey8         
,sanatan replied1 ,it was no great      
hardship4 ,i did not feel that my feet  
were being blistered4 ,i am not entitled
 to pass by the singha-dwar road1       
especially1 as the servitors of the god 
,jagannath frequently pass along it and 
it would be a disaster if ,i touch any  
of them4  ,the ,master's heart was      
pleased to hear of it1 and ,he began to 
tell ,sanatan1 ,though you are the      
saviour of the world and your touch can 
purify even the gods and sages1 yet it  
is the sign of a true bhakta to respect 
the dignity of rank or caste4 ,it is an 
ornament to a sadhu's character to      
observe distinctions 7maryada7 of rank4 
,not to do so is to court public        

ridicule and to destroy one's own       
earthly life and spiritual welfare as   
well4  ,sanatan's body was covered with 
running eruptions4 ,the ,master embraced
 him in spite of prohibition1 and ,his  
body was stained with the exudation1 at 
which ,sanatan grieved4  ,but the       
,master said1 ,the body of a ,vaishnav  
is not material4 ,it is supra-physical  
and full of the chit and ananda of      
bhakti4 ,at the time of his initiation  
the bhakta surrenders himself to        
,krishna1 who then renders him equal to 
his own self1 and fills the body with   
his own chit and ananda4 ,the ,lord     
,krishna has visited ,sanatan's body    
with sores only to test me4 ,if ,i had  
in disgust refused to embrace him1 ,i   
should have been guilty in the eyes of  
,krishna4  ,so saying1 ,he embraced     
,sanatan again1 and lo6 the sores       
disappeared and his body assumed a      
golden hue6  ,after the dol-yatra he was
 given leave to depart to ,brindaban    
with minute instructions as to what he  

should do there to propagate the faith4 
,a long list of the ,vaishnav literature
 produced by ,rup1 ,sanatan1 and their  
nephew ,jiv1 the son of their youngest  
brother ,vallabh ,anupam1--not          
translated here4  #a ,chapters          
,,xxiii-,,xxvii are taken from the      
,antya ,lila or ,third ,book of the     
text4    ,,chapter ,,xxiv  ,meeting with
 ,vallabh ,bhatta2 the ,master stints   
,his food  ,thus did the luminous ,gaur 
7,chaitanya7 perform many feats in many 
a playful way with ,his bhaktas at      
,nilachal4 ,though ,his heart was inly  
pierced with the pang of separation from
 ,krishna1 yet ,he did not express it   
outwardly lest ,his disciples should    
grieve4 ,when1 however1 ,his intense    
love-sickness for ,krishna did break    
forth1 ,his agony baffled description4  
,the ,krishna-talk of ,ramananda and the
 sacred singing of ,swarup saved the    
,master's life amidst the pain of       
separation from ,krishna4 ,in the day   
time ,his mind was diverted by the      

diverse company that ,he met1 but in the
 solitude of night ,his love-sickness   
waxed strong4 ,to please ,him these two 
always kept ,him company and consoled   
,him with verses and songs about        
,krishna4  ,account of how              
,raghunath-das1 the son of a very rich  
revenue-farmer1 escaped from his home at
 ,saptagram in ,bengal1 joined the      
,master at ,puri and lived in utter     
lowliness by begging4  ,one year        
,vallabh ,bhatta came and met the       
,master1 bowing at ,his feet4 ,the      
,master embraced him as an adorer of    
,vishnu 7bhagabat7 and with honour made 
him sit close to ,himself4  ,meekly did 
the ,bhatta address the ,master1 ,long  
have ,i desired to see you and to-day   
,jagannath has gratified that wish4     
,lucky is he who can behold you1 for you
 are as it were ,god in a visible form4 
,even to remember you from a distance   
hallows a man4 ,no wonder1 then1 that   
the sight of you makes one blessed4     
7,bhagabat1 ,i4 xix4 #cj47 ,the         

distinctive religion of the modern age  
is the kirtan of ,krishna's name1 and   
this religion cannot be established     
without ,krishna's own power4 ,that you 
have founded this faith proves that you 
are inspired with ,krishna's divine     
force4 ,whosoever beholds you1 swims in 
the stream of the love of ,krishna4     
,only ,krishna's spirit can call forth  
this love1 as the scriptures say that   
,krishna is the sole inspirer of prem   
7love74  ,the ,master replied1 ,listen1 
great-minded ,bhatta6 ,i was a sannyasi 
following the theory of illusion        
7maya-vad72 ,i knew not bhakti for      
,krishna4 ,the ,goswami ,adwaita        
,acharya is ,god incarnate2 his society 
has cleansed my mind4 ,he has no peer in
 the knowledge of all the ,shastras and 
in devotion to ,krishna1 and therefore  
he has been rightly named ,a-dwaita     
without a second4 ,nityananda1          
,sarvabhauma ,bhattacharya1 ,ramananda  
,ray1 ,damodar ,swarup1 ,haridas        
,thakur1 ,acharya ,ratna and many other 

bhaktas have all taught me ,krishna-love
 and true bhakti1 and have preached to  
the world love for the ,krishna-name4   
,so spoke the ,master artfully1 as he   
knew the ,bhatta to be very proud of his
 learning1 and to have long cherished   
the conceit that he knew all the        
bhakti-theology of the ,vaishnavs and   
could expound the ,shrimad ,bhagabat    
best4 ,the ,master's words curbed this  
pride of the ,bhatta1 and he longed to  
know the many disciples whose ,vaishnav 
character the ,master had just extolled4
 ,he asked1 ,where do these ,vaishnavs  
live8 ,how can ,i meet them8 ,the       
,master replied1 ,some live here1 some  
on the bank of the ,ganges 7i4e41 at    
,navadwip1 ,panihati etc474 ,these      
latter have all come here for the ,car  
festival1 and have taken up lodgings in 
this place4 ,here will you meet all of  
them4  ,next day when all the ,vaishnavs
 came to the ,master's place1 ,he       
introduced them to the ,bhatta4 ,their  
,vaishnav-splendour filled the ,bhatta  

with amazement and he looked like a     
firefly in their company4 ,then he      
feasted the ,master and ,his disciples  
on huge quantities of maha-prasad4 ,the 
sannyasis sat down with ,paramananda    
,puri on one side4 ,the ,master sat down
 between ,adwaita and ,nityananda1 while
 ,his disciples sat before and behind4  
,the bhaktas from ,bengal were          
countless2 they filled the yard row on  
row4 ,vallabh ,bhatta marvelled at the  
sight of them and bowed at the feet of  
each4 ,he himself served the maha-prasad
 to the ,master and the sannyasis4 ,they
 shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 on receiving the 
prasad4 ,the roar of ,hari's name filled
 the universe4 ,the ,bhatta gave away   
garlands1 sandal-paste1 betel-leaf and  
nuts and delighted all with his         
reverence4  ,on the day of the ,car     
procession1 the ,master began kirtan4   
,as before1 ,he formed seven distinct   
groups of singers1 under ,adwaita1      
,nityananda1 ,haridas1 ,vakreshwar1     
,shribas1 ,raghav ,pandit1 and          

,gadadhar1 who sang at different places4
 ,the ,master roamed about shouting     
,hari1 while fourteen drums 7madal7     
lifted up the din of the sankirtan4 ,the
 sight filled ,vallabh ,bhatta with     
marvel2 he flew into a transport of     
delight and could not control himself4  
,then the ,master stopped the dance of  
the others and began to dance ,himself4 
,as he gazed on the ,master's beauty and
 the exuberance of ,his prem1 the       
,bhatta believed that the ,master was   
,krishna himself6  ,after the festival  
the ,bhatta begged the ,master1 saying1 
,i have written a commentary on the     
,bhagabat and want to read it to you4   
,the ,master replied1 ,i do not         
understand the meaning of the ,bhagabat 
and am not qualified to hear and judge  
any interpretation of it4 ,i only sit   
down and recite ,krishna's name1 and    
even then fail to complete the promised 
number of recitations in twenty-four    
hours4 ,the ,bhatta rejoined1 ,i have   
made an exposition of the meaning of    

,krishna's name in my commentary4       
,listen to it4 ,but the ,master         
objected1 ,i do not pay any regard to   
the many senses of ,krishna's name2 ,i  
only know that he is ,yashoda's darling 
son and darkly beautiful like the ,tamal
 leaves4 ,this only ,i know for truth1  
and ,i have not arrived at any other    
meaning of the name4 ,at the ,master's  
slight1 the ,bhatta went back to his    
quarters1 downcast in mind4 7,he took   
his commentary to the chief disciples1  
and even read out parts of his own      
motion1 but they slighted it and he was 
abashed74  ,daily did ,vallabh ,bhatta  
go to the ,master's place and dispute   
with ,adwaita ,acharya and other        
disciples4 ,whenever he established a   
proposition1 the ,acharya used          
immediately to refute it4 ,before them  
,vallabh ,bhatta appeared like a crane  
in the company of majestic swans4  ,one 
day the ,bhatta asked the ,acharya1     
,mankind is feminine1 and ,krishna is   
their husband1 so you hold4 ,no devoted 

wife utters her husband's name4 ,and yet
 you repeat ,krishna's name4 ,what sort 
of dharma is this8 ,the ,acharya        
replied1 ,dharma in the flesh is sitting
 before you4 ,ask ,him1 and ,he will    
justify it4  ,then the ,master broke in1
 ,you do not know the essence of dharma4
 ,it is the dharma of a true wife to    
obey her husband's commands4 ,our       
husband has commanded us to chant his   
name ceaselessly4 ,no true wife can     
disobey his command1 and so we chant his
 name and derive from it the fruit of   
the birth of love for ,krishna's feet4  
,this silenced ,vallabh ,bhatta and he  
went home sorrowing at his public       
humiliation4  ,another day he came to   
the ,master's assembly and said rather  
boastfully1 ,i have refuted ,shridhar   
,swami's commentary on the ,bhagabat4 ,i
 cannot accept his interpretation ,where
 his view differs from mine1 ,i do not  
follow the ,swami4 ,the ,master smiled  
and remarked14 ,one who does not follow 
7her7 swami 7husband7 is ranked among   

harlots6  ,chaitanya had come to earth  
as an avatar for the good of mankind2 by
 various humiliations ,he purified the  
proud heart of the ,bhatta4 ,at night   
,vallabh ,bhatta began to reflect in his
 own house1 ,formerly the ,master       
favoured me greatly at ,allahabad1 when 
,he accepted my invitation to dinner in 
the company of ,his disciples4 ,why then
 is ,his heart turned away from me now8 
,let my heart be free from the pride of 
gaining victories in debate4 ,the       
,god-souled does good to all4 ,i am     
filled with the pride of asserting      
myself1 and ,he humiliates me in order  
to cure me of this pride4  ,so thinking1
 next morning he came to the ,master and
 meekly praising ,him took refuge at    
,his feet1 saying1 ,i am ignorant and   
have foolishly displayed my learning    
before you4 ,you are ,god and out of    
your natural grace you have removed my  
pride by means of disgrace4 ,the        
blindness of pride has been removed from
 my eyes through the collyrium of your  

grace now1 and true knowledge has dawned
 on me4 ,i have sinned4 ,forgive me2    
take refuge with thee2 lay thy feet on  
my head4  ,the ,master checked him      
saying1 ,you are a scholar and a devotee
 at the same time4 ,where these two     
qualities are present1 there pride      
cannot exist4 ,you have written a       
commentary on the ,bhagabat in scorn of 
,shridhar ,swami6 ,i understand the     
,bhagabat through the grace of ,shridhar
 ,swami2 he is the world's guru1 my     
guru4 ,what you write contrary to       
,shridhar is labour lost2 no one will   
accept it4 ,therefore1 write your       
commentary on the ,bhagabat in the      
footsteps of ,shridhar4 ,leave off your 
pride and adore the ,lord ,krishna4     
,give up your failings and join the     
kirtan of ,krishna1 and you will soon   
attain to ,krishna's feet4  ,then the   
,master agreed to dine at ,vallabh      
,bhatta's house once again4 ,the ,bhatta
 used to meditate on ,god as the child  
,gopal4 ,but the society of ,gadadhar   

,pandit turned his mind1 and he longed  
to adore the youthful ,gopal4 ,he begged
 the ,pandit to teach him the mantra and
 ceremonial of this kind of adoration1  
but ,gadadhar declined to act without   
the ,master's permission 444 ,another   
day ,gadadhar ,pandit invited the       
,master1 who agreed and at the dinner   
permitted ,vallabh ,bhatta to be        
initiated by ,gadadhar4   ,,how ,,the   
,,master ,,stinted ,,his ,,food         
,ramchandra ,puri ,goswami came to      
,nilachal and there met the ,master and 
,paramananda ,puri ,jagadananda ,pandit 
invited ,ramchandra ,puri and fed him on
 the prasad of ,jagannath4 ,after the   
meal the ,puri asked ,jagadananda to    
feed on the food left over1 and serving 
the prasad repeatedly made him eat much4
 ,and thereafter1 washing his hands and 
mouth1 ,ramchandra ,puri began to cavil1
 ,i had heard that ,chaitanya's bhaktas 
were great gluttons4 ,now ,i see it with
 my own eyes to be true4 ,by gorging    
sannyasis with so much food1 their piety

 is destroyed4 ,you are bairagis and yet
 you are such huge eaters6 ,your        
bairagya is not sincere4  ,ramchandra   
,puri was notorious as the universal    
fault finder1 having been cursed for it 
by his own religious preceptor1         
,madhavendra ,puri4 ,he now dwelt at    
,nilachal1 detached by nature1 staying  
at one place for some time1 taking his  
meal at some other place without having 
been bidden1 and taking note of what    
others ate4  ,the ,master was daily fed 
at different houses1 at a cost of four  
pan of cowries i4e41 one anna for the   
three of them1--the ,master1            
,kashishwar1 and ,govinda 7,his         
body-servant47 ,ramchandra ,puri closely
 inquired into the ,master's abode1     
manners1 food1 bed and travels4 ,he     
could not reach the ,master's merits1   
but roaming in search of ,his defects1  
could not find any4 ,then he began to   
slander the ,master to all the people1  
saying1 ,he is a sannyasi and yet eats  
sweetmeats4 ,how can such luxury enable 

him to control the lusts of the flesh8  
,he daily came to visit the ,master1 but
 only to pry into ,his                  
shortcomings1--for that was the only    
work of the ,puri1--while the ,master   
did him reverence as ,his guru4 ,he knew
 of the slanders spoken by the ,puri    
against ,him1 but welcomed and honoured 
him greatly4 ,one day the ,puri came to 
the ,master's house in the morning1 and 
noticing some ants on the floor1        
delivered this covert attack1 ,verily   
sweetmeats were brought here last night1
 for ants are running about4 ,a wonder  
sannyasis dead to the world have such   
gluttonous cravings6 ,and then he left  
in a hurry4  ,the ,master now saw with  
,his own eyes what ,he had only heard   
before1 about the slander spread against
 ,him4 ,he called ,govinda and told him1
 ,from to-day my meal will be one packet
 of rice and curry of the pinda-bhog    
worth #bj cowries i4e41 one             
quarter-anna4 ,don't accept any food    
above this for me4 ,if you bring more1  

you will not see me here4  ,half of this
 the ,master ate and the other half ,he 
left for ,govinda1 and both remained    
famished4 ,then ,he commanded ,govinda  
and ,kashishwar to beg their food       
elsewhere4 ,thus some days passed in    
great hardship4 ,hearing of it1         
,ramchandra ,puri came to the ,master   
and smiling told ,him1 ,it is not a     
sannyasi's dharma to gratify his        
appetite4 ,he eats just enough to fill  
his stomach anyhow4 ,i find you lean and
 hear that you eat only half your fill4 
,this drying bairagya is not a          
sannyasi's dharma4 ,a sannyasi performs 
true jnan-yog when he fills his stomach 
as far as is necessary but does not     
enjoy his food4 7,gita1 vi4 #af-ag47    
,the ,master replied1 ,i am an ignorant 
child and your pupil4 ,it is my good    
fortune that you are teaching me4       
,ramchandra ,puri then left4  ,next day 
the bhaktas headed by ,paramananda ,puri
 complained to the ,master against      
,ramchandra as a universal fault-finder 

and instigator of gluttony1 which he    
afterwards censured4 ,they urged ,him   
not to listen to ,ramchandra and famish 
,himself1 but to return to ,his old diet
 and accept invitations4 ,but the       
,master replied1 ,why do you blame      
,ramchandra ,puri8 ,he expounds the     
natural dharma1 and has done no wrong4  
,it is very wrong for a sannyasi to have
 a lustful palate4 ,it is a sannyasi's  
duty to eat just as little as will keep 
body and soul together4 ,they all       
pressed ,him hard1 and yielding to their
 entreaty ,he fixed ,his rations at     
one-half of its former cost1 viz4 at two
 pan of cowries i4e41 half anna1 which  
was shared by two1 sometimes three      
persons4 ,if a ,brahman whose cooking   
,he could not eat1 invited ,him1 ,he    
took only prasad worth two pan of       
cowries4 ,if it was a ,brahman whose    
cooking ,he could eat1 ,he took a little
 of prasad purchased with money and a   
little of the meal cooked in ,his host's
 house4 ,but at the houses of ,pandit   

,goswami1 ,adwaita ,acharya1 and        
,sarvabhauma1 ,he ate whatever they     
asked ,him1 for there ,he had no        
independence2 ,he had come down to earth
 to render ,his devotees happy4  ,after 
a time ,ramchandra ,ptiri left ,nilachal
 on a pilgrimage1 to the intense delight
 of the ,vaishnavs1 who felt that a     
heavy stone had been lifted from their  
heads6 ,they now freely invited the     
,master to kirtan and dance1 and all    
freely partook of the prasad4           
,,chapter ,,xxv  ,the love of the       
pilgrims from ,bengal  ,the ,bengal     
bhaktas came to ,nilachal carrying      
loving presents1--food and preserves1   
for the ,master4 ,it was the day of     
,jagannath's sporting in the water of   
the ,narendra tank4 ,the ,master came   
there with ,his followers to see the    
water-sport and there the ,bengal       
pilgrims met ,him4 ,the ,bengal musical 
parties were singing the kirtan2 on     
meeting the ,master they began to weep  
in love4 ,the water-sport1 instrumental 

music1 song1 dance and kirtan created a 
tumult on the bank1 while the boats     
plied merrily on the water4 ,the mingled
 din of the kirtan and weeping of the   
,bengalis filled the universe4 ,then the
 ,master entered the water with ,his    
disciples and sported gleefully with    
them all4 ,these water-sports have been 
described in detail by ,brindaban-das in
 his ,chaitanya-mangal4 ,i shall not    
repeat them here4  ,another day the     
,master went with ,his party to behold  
,jagannath at his rising from bed4      
,there ,he began the bera kirtan4 ,seven
 parties began to sing1 and seven chiefs
 danced in them1 ,adwaita ,acharya1     
,nityananda1 ,vakreshwar1               
,atrhyutananda1 ,shribas ,pandit1       
,satyaraja ,khan and ,narahari-das4 ,the
 ,master visited all the seven groups1  
each thinking that ,he was with it only6
 ,the roar of the kirtan filled the     
earth2 all the citizens came out to see 
it2 the king came with his ,court and   
gazed from a distance1 the queens beheld

 the scene from the roofs of houses4    
,the earth trembled under the influence 
of the kirtan4 ,men shouted ,hari6 thus 
adding to the din4 ,after a while1 the  
,master was inclined to dance ,himself4 
,around ,him the seven parties sang and 
beat their instruments2 in the centre   
,he danced in supreme transport of love4
 ,he recollected the ,oriya verse1      
,jagamohan parimunda jaun6 ',charmer of 
the universe6 ,i abase myself before    
,thee'1 and bade ,swarup sing it4 ,to   
this air ,he danced in ecstasy1 while   
all the men around swam in tears of     
love4 ,with uplifted arms ,he cried1    
,chant6 chant6 and they in delight      
shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 ,at times ,he fell
 down in a trance and ceased to breathe1
 then suddenly started up with a roar4  
,frequent tremour burst over ,his body1 
making it look like the shimul tree1 now
 it was quivering and now it stiffened4 
,the sweat burst through every pore in  
,his skin4 ,with faltering speech he    
muttered ja ja1 ga ga1 pari pari1--every

 tooth in his mouth shaking as if about 
to be loosened4 ,even in the third      
quarter of the day ,his dance did not   
cease4 ,all the people in ecstasy forgot
 fatigue of body and the distinction of 
self and others4 ,then ,nityananda      
resorted to a device2 he silenced the   
kirtan-singers gradually1 and only the  
leaders of the seven groups continued   
singing with ,swarup1 but in a low tone4
 ,at the cessation of noise1 the ,master
 came to ,himself somewhat4 ,then       
,nityananda told ,him how fatigued all  
were4 ,the ,master at this put an end to
 the kirtan and went to bathe in the sea
 with them all4  ,then with all ,his    
bhaktas ,he partook of the prasad1      
dismissed them1 and retired to sleep at 
the door of the gambhira 7room74        
,govinda came to rub ,his feet1 as was  
the usual practice1 before going to feed
 on ,his leavings ,the ,master had      
stretched ,himself at full length across
 the doorway2 ,govinda could not enter  
the room and begged ,him to move aside a

 little1 but ,he declined saying that   
,he was too weak lo stir ,his limbs1 and
 told ,govinda to do whatever he liked4 
,then ,govinda threw his sheet over the 
,master's body and entered the room     
leaping over ,him4 ,his shampooing threw
 the ,master into a sweet a sleep and   
relieved ,him of ,his fatigue4 ,after   
two dandas 7#dh minutes7 ,he woke1 and  
seeing ,govinda there1 asked in anger1  
,why are you here still1 ,adi-basya8    
,why did you not go away for your meal  
when ,i fell asleep8 ,govinda replied1  
,you lay blocking the doorway1 and ,i   
found no path for going out of the room4
 ,but the ,master rejoined1 ,how1 then1 
could you come in8 ,why did you not go  
out in the same way that you entered8   
,govinda returned no answer1 but        
reasoned within him self1 ,i must do my 
appointed work1 even if ,i have to      
commit any fault or go to hell for so   
doing4 ,for the sake of doing my duty ,i
 do not hesitate to commit a million    
sins1 but ,i fear even the touch of sin 

for my own personal needs4  ,this year  
the ,bengal pilgrims came in large      
numbers1--two to three hundred of them1 
including many women4 ,shivananda ,sen  
acted as their guide and caretaker on   
the way4  ,they came to ,puri and met   
the ,master1 the women gazing at ,him   
from a distance4 ,they were all given   
lodging-houses and invited by the       
,master to eat the maha-prasad4 ,the    
entire family of ,shivananda enjoyed    
,his grace4 ,after the meal ,he told    
,govinda to give the leavings on ,his   
plate to ,shivananda's wife and sons so 
long as they stayed there4 ,a           
sweetmeat-seller 7modak7 of ,nadia1     
named ,parameshwar1 had his shop close  
to the ,master's paternal house4 ,in    
,his boyhood ,he used to visit this     
man's shop and the man used to treat    
,him to confects made with milk4 ,he    
loved the ,master from ,his infancy1 and
 this year came to see ,him4 ,he        
prostrated himself before the ,master   
saying1 ,i am ,parameshwar4 ,in delight 

at seeing him the ,master asked1        
,parameshwar6 are you well8 ,it is a    
happy thing that you have come4 ,the man
 added ,mukunda's mother has come1      
meaning his own wife4 ,the ,master was  
shocked to hear the name of a woman1 but
 out of love for ,parameshwar said      
nothing4 ,the loving simple-minded      
grocer did not know the ways of the     
learned2 these qualities inly delighted 
the ,master4  ,four months passed away  
in the usual way1 and then ,he permitted
 the pilgrims to return to ,bengal4     
,they invited ,him to dinner and ,he    
lovingly spoke to them all1 ,every year 
you come here to see me1 undergoing many
 hardships on the two journeys4 ,for    
this reason ,i feel inclined to forbid  
your coming1 but the pleasure of your   
society tempts my heart4 ,i had         
commanded ,nityananda to live in        
,bengal4 ,he has come here in defiance  
of my order2 what can ,i say to him8    
,the old ,adwaita ,acharya1 leaving his 
wife1 children and home behind1 performs

 a long and difficult journey to meet   
me4 ,how can ,i repay the debt of his   
love8 ,i merely sit here at ,nilachal   
without having to do any exertion for   
your sake4 ,i am a sannyasi1 without    
wealth4 ,with what shall ,i repay my    
debt to you8 ,my only property is my    
body1 and this ,i give up to you4 ,sell 
it1 if you list4  ,the ,master's speech 
melted their hearts2 tears ran down     
their cheeks without ceasing4 ,he1 too1 
wept clasping their necks1 and weeping  
embraced them4 ,so1 they could not set  
out on their journey home that day1 but 
passed five or seven days more at ,puri 
in the same way4  ,at last the ,master  
consoled them and gave them leave to    
depart with composure of mind4 ,the     
bhaktas left the city weeping4 ,the     
,master remained there in sadness of    
heart4  ,last year ,jagadananda1 the    
,master's companion1 had by ,his leave  
gone to ,nadia to see mother ,shachi4   
,she in delight listened day and night  
to his discourse on the ,master and ,his

 doings4 ,all the bhaktas of ,nadia met 
him and entertained him in their houses1
 listening in rapture to his talk about 
the ,master's inmost things4 ,at the    
house of ,shivananda he prepared a pot  
of medicated oil1 scented with          
sandal-wood1 and taking it to ,nilachal 
asked ,govinda to rub it on the         
,master's head1 to cure ,him of bile1   
wind and other sickly humours4 ,govinda 
reported it1 but the ,master replied1 ,a
 sannyasi is forbidden to rub oil1      
especially scented oil4 ,present it to  
the temple of ,jagannath1 where it will 
be used in lighting lamps1 and his      
labour will be supremely rewarded4      
,some ten days afterwards1 ,govinda     
repeated ,jagadananda's request that ,he
 should accept the oil4 ,the ,master    
burst forth in anger1 ,very well1 engage
 a servant to rub me with the oil6 ,is  
it for such pleasures that ,i have      
turned sannyasi8 ,what is ruin to me is 
a sport to you6 ,every one who will     
smell the fragrant oil on my person in  

the streets1 will call me a carnal      
sannyasi6 ,govinda remained silent on   
hearing this4  ,next morning1 when      
,jagadananda came to the ,master1 ,he   
said1 ,pandit6 you have brought for me  
oil from ,bengal4 ,but ,i am a sannyasi 
and cannot accept it4 ,present it to    
,jagannath to light the lamps of the    
temple4 ,that will be the reward of your
 labour4 ,the ,pandit replied1 ,who has 
told you this piece of falsehood8 ,i    
never brought any oil from ,bengal4 ,so 
saying1 he brought out of the room the  
pot of oil and broke it on the floor of 
the yard in the ,master's sight4 ,then  
he ran back to his own house1 bolted the
 door of his bed-room from within1 and  
shut himself up there without taking any
 food4 ,on the third day the ,master    
went to his door and cried out1 ,rise1  
,pandit6 you must feed me to-day on your
 own cooking4 ,i shall come back at     
noon4 ,i am now off to see ,jagannath4  
,so saying1 ,he left the house4 ,the    
,pandit rose from his bed1 bathed1      

cooked1 and at noon1 when the ,master   
returned1 placed the dishes before ,him 
on the leaves and bark of the           
plantain-tree4 ,the ,master said1 ,you  
must dine with me4 ,serve your meal1 on 
another leaf4 ,but the ,pandit entreated
 ,him to eat first and let him sit down 
to his meal after his guest4 ,the       
vegetable soup was delicious and the    
,master cried out1 ,when one cooks in   
anger1 it tastes so sweet6 ,this is a   
proof of ,krishna's grace on you4  ,the 
,pandit served and the ,master ate1     
willing but unable to rise from the     
feast1 and eating ten times ,his usual  
food1 in fear lest the ,pandit should   
fly into a rage again and fast himself6 
,after the dinner1 the ,master went back
 to ,his lodgings1 leaving ,govinda     
there to see that the ,pandit broke his 
fast4 ,jagadananda sent ,govinda back to
 rub the ,master's feet1 and put ,him to
 sleep4 ,but ,he again bade ,govinda go 
and see that the ,pandit was really     
eating6 ,when ,govinda reported the     

fact1 then the ,master lay down in bed  
in peace of mind4    ,,chapter ,,xxvi   
,the ,master's love-sickness for        
,krishna2 ,his visions and transports of
 bhakti  ,the ,master felt his          
separation from ,krishna just as the    
milk-maids did after ,krishna had left  
,brinidaban for ,mathura4 ,gradually ,he
 began to break out in wild             
lamentations1 even as ,radha had talked 
in delirium on meeting with ,uddhav4    
,ever did the ,master consider ,himself 
as ,radha1 and felt and acted like her4 
,no wonder1 for such is the course of   
divya-unmad 7spiritual ecstasy74  ,one  
night when ,he was sleeping1 ,he dreamt 
of ,krishna in the rasa dance2 the god  
was bending his body gracefully and     
playing on the flute1 wearing a yellow  
garment and garlands of flowers1 and    
looking like the picture of ,love2 the  
milkmaids were dancing in a circle1     
joining their hands together1 while in  
the centre ,krishna frolicked with      
,radha4 ,the sight inspired the ,master 

with the same mood2 ,he felt that ,he   
was at ,brindaban and had gained        
,krishna's company4  ,as ,he was late in
 rising1 ,govinda wakened ,him2 but ,he 
saddened when ,he became conscious of   
the real world4 ,after performing the   
necessary acts of the morning ,he went  
to behold ,jagannath4 ,he stood close to
 the image of ,garuda1 while hundreds of
 thousands of worshippers thronged in   
front of ,him4 ,an ,oriya woman1 unable 
to see the god on account of the crowd1 
climbed upon the ,garuda and rested one 
foot on the ,master's shoulder4         
,govinda saw it and hurriedly pushed her
 a way1 but the ,master forbade him to  
make her dismount from ,his shoulder1   
saying1 ,don't remove her4 ,let her gaze
 at ,jagannath to her heart's content4  
,the woman1 however1 quickly got down on
 seeing the ,master and fell at ,his    
feet4 ,the ,master remarked1 ,jagannath 
has not inspired me with this woman's   
passionate longing for him4 ,her body   
mind and soul are so absorbed in the    

,god that she did not notice that she   
was treading on my shoulder6 ,she is    
blessed4 ,let me worship her feet that  
,i too may have her intensity of        
devotion4  ,sadly did the ,master return
 home1 and sitting down on the ground   
began to draw lines on the floor with   
,his finger-nails4 ,tears streamed from 
,his eyes and blinded ,his vision4      
,alas6 ,he cried1 after gaining         
,krishna1 ,i have lost him4 ,who has    
taken away my ,krishna8 ,where have ,i  
come8 ,in ,his trances ,he quivered with
 delight2 but when ,he regained         
consciousness1 ,he felt that ,he had    
lost ,his treasure1 and sang and danced 
like mad1 though ,he went through ,his  
bath1 dinner etc4 by mechanical habit4  
,the ten forms of love-sickness         
possessed ,him day and night1 never     
giving ,him rest4 ,ramananda ,ray by    
reciting verses from ,vidyapati1        
,chandidas and ,git-,govinda and ,swarup
 by singing songs on ,krishna's acts1   
brought the ,master somewhat back to    

,his senses4 ,at midnight they laid ,him
 to bed in the inner room1 and          
,ramananda returned to his own house1   
while ,swarup and ,govinda slept at the 
door4 ,it was the ,master's wont to wake
 all night1 loudly chanting ,krishna's  
name4 ,to-night noticing the silence    
within1 ,swarup pushed the door open4   
,he found the other three doors also    
closed from within1 but the ,master was 
not in the room4 ,they became alarmed at
 ,his absence1 lighted their lanterns1  
and went out in search of ,him4  ,they  
found the ,master lying on an open space
 a little north of the ,lion-gate of the
 temple4 ,his body was #e or #f cubits  
long2 ,he was unconscious and ,his      
breathing had ceased6 ,each arm and leg 
was three cubits long and consisted only
 of bones and skin4 ,his hands feet neck
 and waist were disjointed from the     
trunk by half a cubit and the places of 
junction were covered with the bare     
skin4 ,he was foaming at the mouth and  
,his eyes were fixed in a deadly stare4 

,this sight of ,him made the bhaktas    
very life go out of their bodies4 ,then 
,swarup with all the disciples loudly   
dinned the name of ,krishna into the    
,master's ears4 ,after a long while the 
name entered ,his heart1 and ,he shouted
 ,hari-bol6 ,he became conscious and    
,his limbs were joined to ,his trunk    
again1 as before4 ,this miracle of the  
,master has been reported by            
,raghunath-das in his                   
,chaitanya-staba-kalpa-briksha4 ,as     
,raghunath-das always lived with the    
,master1 ,i accept as true and write    
here what ,i have heard from him4  ,one 
day the ,master1 on the way to the sea1 
suddenly looked at the ,chatak hillock1 
and taking it to be the ,govardhan hill1
 ,he ran towards it in rapture with the 
speed of the wind4 ,govinda could not   
overtake ,him4  ,a hue and cry was      
raised and there was a great bustle4    
,everyone ran up from where he          
was1--,swarup1 ,jagadananda1 ,gadadhar1 
,ramai1 ,nandai1 ,nilai ,pandit1        

,shankar ,puri1 ,bharati ,goswami1 all  
went to the sea-shore4 ,the lame        
,bhagaban ,acharya hobbled slowly       
behind4  ,after running at first like   
the wind1 the ,master suddenly became   
stiff on the way1 unable to move        
further4 ,every pore of ,his skin       
swelled like a boil1 the hair stood on  
end on them like the kadamba flower4    
,blood ran out of ,his pores like sweat4
 ,his throat gurgled1 not a syllable    
could ,he utter4 ,ceaseless tears ran   
down both ,his cheeks ,he lost colour   
and became death-pale like a            
conch-shell4 ,then a quivering burst    
over ,his frame like a tempest on the   
bosom of the sea4 ,trembling1 ,he fell  
down on the ground1 and then ,govinda   
came up with ,him1 sprinkled ,him with  
water from the flask1 and fanned ,him   
with his sheet4 ,swarup and the rest now
 arrived and all began to weep at the   
,master's plight4 ,they loudly sang the 
kirtan in ,his hearing and sprinkled    
,him with cold water4 ,after they had   

done so many times1 ,he rose up with the
 cry of ,hari-bol6 ,the ,vaishnavs in   
delight shouted ,hari6 ,hari6 ,the sound
 of joy rose up from all sides4         
,half-conscious again1 the ,master      
addressed ,swarup1 ,you have brought me 
back from ,govardhan to here4 ,you have 
snatched me away from viewing ,krishna's
 lila among the herds of cows and       
calves1 ,radha and her handmaids1 on    
,govardhan hill ,why have you brought me
 away thence1 only to cause me grief8   
,so saying1 ,he wept1 and the ,vaishnavs
 wept at ,his plight4  ,thus did the    
,master live at ,nilachal1 plunging day 
and night in the ocean of grief at      
separation from ,krishna4 ,in the early 
autumn nights radiant with the moon in a
 cloudless sky1 ,he roamed up and down  
with ,his disciples1 visiting garden    
after garden in delight and reciting or 
listening to the songs of rasa lila4 ,at
 times1 overcome with love1 ,he danced  
and sang2 at other times ,he imitated   
the rasa lila in that mood2 at times in 

a transport of passion ,he ran hither   
and thither1 at others ,he rolled on the
 ground in a faint4 ,as soon as ,he     
recollected a verse of the rasa lila ,he
 expounded it4  ,i cannot describe all  
the acts ,he performed from day to day  
in these twelve years of residence at   
,puri1 lest it should make my poem too  
long4  ,while rambling thus1 the ,master
 one night suddenly caught a sight of   
the sea from ,ai-tota4 ,the moonlight   
silvered the heaving billows they       
sparkled like the water of the ,jamuna4 
,unseen by others1 the ,master went to  
the sea and leaped into it4 ,he fainted 
and knew not what ,he was doing2--the   
waves now sank ,him1 now floated ,him2  
on the waves ,he was carried about like 
a dry tree-trunk4 ,on the waves ,he     
drifted towards ,konarak1 now under     
water1 now above it1--and he dreamt all 
the time of ,krishna sporting in the    
,jamuna with the milkmaids4  ,in the    
meantime1 ,swarup and other followers   
were startled when they missed ,him4    

,uncertain whither ,he had gone1 to the 
,jagannath or any other temple1 to some 
other garden1 the ,gundicha house or the
 ,narendra tank1 to the ,chatak hill or 
to ,konarak1--they searched for ,him    
everywhere4 ,a party of them came to the
 beach and there walked1 looking out for
 ,him1 till near daybreak1 when they    
concluded that ,he had disappeared from 
the earth4 ,they all thought that the   
worst had happened4  ,they took counsel 
on the beach1 and some of them went     
towards the ,chirayu hill1 while ,swarup
 moved east wards with a party searching
 for the ,master in the sea-water4      
,overwhelmed with sorrow1 almost out of 
their senses1 they still walked on      
searching for ,him in their love4  ,they
 met a fisherman coming towards them    
with his net on his shoulders1 laughing 
weeping dancing and singing ,hari6      
,hari6 ,swarup questioned him in        
surprise1 ,tell us1 fisherman1 have you 
met a man on this side8 ,why are you in 
this mood8 ,the fisherman answered1 ,i  

have not seen any man here4 ,but a dead 
body was caught in my net1 and ,i       
carefully dragged it ashore1 thinking it
 to be a big fish4 ,the sight of a      
corpse frightened me1 and when ,i was   
clearing my net ,i happened to touch it4
 ,at once the spirit of the dead entered
 my body1 striking me with tremor1      
weeping1 choking of voice1 and bristling
 up of hair4 ,it lay stiff as a corpse1 
with a fixed stare in the eyes1 but at  
times it groaned1 at others remained    
inert4 ,if ,i die of the possession of  
this ghost1 how will my wife and        
children live8 ,if ,i can find an       
exorcist1 he will expel the evil spirit 
from me4 ,i work at my trade of catching
 fish alone at night1 but no ghost can  
seize me as ,i remember the god         
,nrisingha4 ,this ghost1 however1 holds 
me with a double grip when ,i repeat    
,nrisingha's name4 ,don't go there1 ,i  
advise you1 lest this ghost should      
possess you1 too4  ,from these words1   
,swarup understood it all1 and told the 

fisherman gently1 ,i am a great         
ghost-doctor1 and ,i know how to lay    
spirits4 ,he uttered some verses1 laid  
his hand on the fisherman's head1 gave  
him three slaps1 and cried out ,the evil
 spirit has left you4 ,fear no more4    
,the man now became a little composed4  
,swarup reassured him1 ,he whom you have
 taken for an evil spirit1 is no ghost1 
but the ,lord ,sri ,krishna-,chaitanya4 
,in a transport of love ,he had jumped  
into the sea4 ,him have you raised in   
your net4 ,his touch has thrilled you   
with ,krishna's love1 which you have    
mistaken for the possession of a ghost4 
,now that your fear is gone and your    
mind has been calmed1 show me where you 
have landed ,him4  ,the fisherman said1 
,i have often beheld the ,master4 ,it   
cannot be ,he2 it is more than man's    
size4  ,the fisherman led them all to   
the place4 ,they beheld ,him lying on   
the ground1 huge-bodied1 pale-skinned   
from immersion in water1 coated with    
sea-sand4 ,his limbs were abnormally    

long1 loose and with the skin flapping4 
,over such a long path they could not   
carry ,him home2 so they removed ,his   
wet loin-cloth and put a dry one on     
,him1 and laid ,him down on a sheet of  
cloth after brushing away the sand4     
,then they lifted up the chant of       
,krishna's kirtan and poured it into    
,his ears4 ,after a time the word       
entered ,his brain and ,he leaped up    
with a roar2 ,his limbs were rejoined   
and returned to their proper places4    
,half-unconscious still1 ,he looked     
hither and thither in perplexity4 ,he   
spoke1 as if from the sky1 ,beholding   
the ,jamuna in the ocean ,i went to     
,brindaban1 and there found ,braja's    
darling sporting in the water2 with     
,radha and the other milkmaids4 ,i stood
 on the bank gazing on the scene1 while 
one of the sakhis 7female comrades of   
,radha7 pointed out the mysteries to me4
 ,a long but highly poetical            
description1 not translated4 ,krishna1  
,radha1 and their companions rose from  

the water1 dressed themselves1 partook  
of a rich picnic1 and all retired to    
sleep4 ,my heart was filled with bliss  
at the sight4 ,just then you caught hold
 of me1 and with a great noise brought  
me here4 ,ah6 where is the ,jamuna1     
where ,brindaban1 where ,krishna1 and   
where the milkmaids8 ,you have destroyed
 that bliss6  ,then ,swarup made ,him   
bathe in the sea and brought ,him home1 
to the delight of all4    ,,chapter     
,,xxvii  ,the ,master's last year on    
earth  ,thus did the ,master in         
love-madness for ,krishna lament night  
and day4 ,jagadananda ,pandit was very  
dear unto ,him1 and was every year sent 
by ,him to ,nadia to console his forlorn
 mother ,shachi4 ,go to ,nadia1 so the  
,master charged ,jagadananda1 convey my 
salutation to mother1 touch her feet on 
my behalf4 ,tell her to remember that ,i
 go there daily 7in the spirit7 to bow  
to her4 ,that ,i have taken the         
sannyasi's vow leaving her service only 
shows that ,i am mad and have really    

undone all dharma4 ,mother6 pardon this 
fault of mine4 ,i am obedient to thee1  
,i am thy son4 ,it is at thy bidding    
that ,i am living at ,nilachal4 ,i      
cannot leave thee while life remains to 
me4 ,the ,master presented to ,his      
mother 7at the ,puri's suggestion7 the  
consecrated cloth that ,he had received 
at the ,gopa-lila with choice prasad of 
,jagannath4 ,he was the crowning example
 of filial piety1 for even though a     
sannyasi ,he served ,his mother4  ,after
 receiving an enigmatic message in verse
 from the ,acharya ,goswami 7of         
,shantipur7 through ,jagadananda when he
 returned to ,puri1 the ,master plunged 
into a deeper trance4 ,his ecstasy at   
,krishna-separation was doubled4 ,he    
raved frantically day and night1        
identifying ,himself with ,radha4       
,suddenly imagining that ,krishna was   
leaving ,brindaban for ,mathura1 ,he 7in
 the character of ,radha7 was seized    
with dizziness and developed madness1   
mourning deliriously while clasping the 

neck of ,ramananda and addressing       
,swarup as one of the sakhis 7i4e41     
,radha's companions74 ,he repeated the  
verse which ,radha had spoken to        
,vishakha 7her handmaid7 and held forth 
on it4  ,thus did ,gauranga weep1       
saying1 ,alas6 alas for ,krishna6 where 
hast thou gone8 ,swarup and ,ramananda  
consoled ,him in many ways1 singing     
joyous songs1 which calmed ,him a       
little4  ,these lamentations were       
carried on to midnight4 ,then ,swarup   
laid the ,master to bed in ,his room4   
,ramananda left for his home1 and       
,govinda lay down at the door of the    
room4 ,love for ,krishna was thrilling  
the ,master's heart2 ,he awoke and began
 to sing the ,name2 the pang of         
separation convulsed ,his heart1 and ,he
 began to rub ,his face against the     
wall2 ,his face1 cheeks1 nose were all  
lacerated1 but in the vehemence of      
ecstasy ,he knew not of the blood       
streaming down4  ,all night ,he battered
 ,his face thus4 ,swarup1 noticing the  

groaning sound1 lighted a lamp1 entered 
the room and saw ,his face4 ,in intense 
grief the two brought ,him back to ,his 
bed and soothed ,him4 ,swarup asked1    
,why didst thou do this8 ,the ,master   
answered1 ,i could not contain myself in
 the room in my love anxiety4 ,i rushed 
in search of the door in order to go out
 very soon4 ,i could not find the door  
and only knocked my face against the    
four walls4 ,it was torn1 it bled1 but  
still ,i could not go out4  ,then1      
,swarup in anxiety took counsel of the  
other bhaktas next day and made ,shankar
 ,pandit sleep in the ,master's room1   
nursing ,his feet4 ,in fear of ,shankar 
,he could not leave the room nor knock  
,his face against the walls4 ,these     
feats ,raghunath-das has described in   
his ,chaitanya-staba-kalpa-briksha4     
,one ,baishakh night1 when it was full  
moon1 the ,master went with ,his bhaktas
 to visit the great ,jagannath-vallabh  
park4 ,the trees and creepers were in   
full bloom as at ,brindaban1 the green  

parrots1 bees and cuckoos were          
discoursing love4 ,the ,zephyr was      
blowing laden the scent of flowers1 and 
freshening made the tree-tops dance4    
,under the bright moonlight the plants  
and creepers blazed in a silvery sheen4 
,spring pervaded the atmosphere4 ,the   
sight threw the ,master into a rapture4 
,he bade the stanza ,lalita labanga lata
 of the ,git-,govinda1 canto ix4 verse  
#f be sung1 and moved up and down       
dancing with ,his followers4 ,passing   
thus from tree to tree1 ,he came under  
an ,ashoka tree and lo6 he beheld       
,krishna standing there4 ,he rushed to  
meet ,krishna1 who disappeared laughing4
 ,the ,master1 losing ,krishna after    
having caught sight of him1 fell down in
 a faint4 ,the odour of ,krishna's      
person filled the garden2 it took away  
the ,master's senses1 it maddened ,him1 
and ,he began to sing and hold forth on 
the verses that ,radha1 enamoured of the
 scent of ,krishna's body1 had addressed
 to her sakhi4  ,swarup and ,ramananda  

sang1 the ,master danced in rapture1 and
 thus the night wore on to dawn4   ,,the
 ,,last ,,charge ,,to ,,the ,,apostles  
,thrilled with delight1 the ,master     
spoke1 ,listen1 ,swarup and ,ramananda  
,ray6 the supreme healer in this iron   
age is sankirtan of the ,name4 ,it is   
equivalent to the ,vedic sacrifice1 and 
the true sacrificer in it is rewarded   
with ,krishna's feet4 ,sankirtan enables
 us to conquer sin and the world2 it    
creates purity of soul1 all kinds of    
bhakti and devotional practice4 ,chant  
the ,name at meals1 in bed1 here there  
and every where4 ,it is not restricted  
to a particular place or time1 it works 
everywhere4 ,it bears the name of       
sarva-shakti 7omnipotent74  ,listen1    
,ramananda1 to the way in which the     
,name should be recited in order to     
conceive a passion for it4 ,the devotee1
 if high of rank1 should regard himself 
as lowly like the grass4 ,he should     
learn patience from the tree1 which does
 not cry out even when it is cut down   

and which does not beg for water even   
when it is perishing of drought1 but on 
the other hand gives away its           
possessions to all who ask of it1 bears 
sun and rain itself but protects others 
from them4 ,the ,vaishnav1 however high1
 should be free from pride2 he should   
venerate all forms of life as animated  
by ,krishna4 ,take ,krishna's ,name     
thus1 and you will be inspired with     
prem4  ,as ,he spoke ,he was filled with
 growing meekness of spirit and began to
 beg for pure bhakti at ,krishna's      
hands4 ,the true devotee1 as is the law 
of love1 holds that he has not even a   
particle of faith in ,krishna6 ,lord6 ,i
 ask not for wealth or followers or the 
gift of poesy4 ,give me in birth after  
birth only unreasoning instinctive      
devotion to ,god4  ,in utter lowliness  
of spirit ,he proclaimed ,himself a     
worldly-minded creature and prayed to be
 inspired with a slave's devotion 7dasya
 bhakti74 ,o ,nanda's son6 ,have pity on
 this thy servant sunk in the dread     

ocean 7of the ,world76 ,look on me as a 
particle of dust on thy lotus-feet6     
,next1 ,he was seized with the anxiety  
of humility and begged of ,krishna1     
,without the wealth of thy love my life 
is poor and futile4 ,make me thy slave  
and give me the treasure of thy love as 
my wages4  ,then came the mood of       
melancholy-humility3 ,my eyes are       
running with tears like the rainy sky4  
,a moment is as long to me as an aeon4  
,the absence of ,govinda 7,krishna7 has 
made the universe empty to me6  ,in this
 way ,he recited ,his own eight         
,sanskrit verses on the different moods 
of bhakti and expounded them all4 ,for  
twelve years ,he thus tasted the sweets 
of ,krishna-love day and night with ,his
 two friends4 ,these acts of ,his are   
endless1 even a thousand narratives     
cannot arrive at their end4 ,therefore1 
,i bow my head and conclude ,his lilas  
here4 ,i bow at the feet of all my      
,vaishnav hearers and end my history of 
,chaitanya's acts4  ,the last scene     

7translated from the ,chaitanya-mangal  
of ,jayananda1 p4 #aej73  ,when dancing 
at the ,bijaya of the ,car festival in  
the month of ,asharh1 ,his left toe was 
suddenly pierced by a brick lying on the
 road4 ,when ,adwaita left for ,bengal1 
the ,master secretly told him of ,his   
coming disappearance4 ,with all ,his    
followers ,he sported in the water of   
the ,narendra tank for the last time4   
,on the sixth day of the moon1 the pain 
in ,his toe grew severer1 and ,he was   
forced to take to ,his bed in the       
garden4 ,here ,he told the ,pandit      
,goswami that ,he would leave the earth 
next night at #aj o clock4 ,celestial   
garlands of many-coloured flowers were  
thrown on ,him from the unseen4         
,celestial singers 7vidyadhar7 began to 
dance on the highway4 ,the gods began to
 cry out1 ,bring the heavenly chariot6  
,the ,master mounted into ,vishnu's car 
with the figure of ,garuda on its spire4
 ,his material body lay behind on the   
earth1 while ,he went to ,vaikuntha     

7,vishnu's heaven74 ,many of ,his       
servants killed themselves by           
serpent-bite4 ,meteors and thunderbolts 
fell on the earth4 ,at the news         
,nityananda and ,adwaita ,acharya1      
,vishnupriya and ,shachi swooned away4  
,purushottam and other servitors of the 
,master grew speechless at ,his         
departure4  ,nityananda consoled the    
disciples and vowed before them1 ,we    
will keep the ,name alive4 ,we will make
 all men down to the ,chandals1         
,vaishnavs4 ,we will not differentiate  
low castes like the ,chandals or        
,muslims1 but will give them all love   
and bhakti and make them all dance with 
us at kirtan4 ,we will make the realms  
of ,bengal and ,orissa blessed4 ,the    
,vaishnavs shouted applause at his      
words4