,,color ,,key ,,to ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman ,curator ( ,orni?ology 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,h&book ,,( ,,birds ,,( ,,ea/]n ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,?ird edition4 ,) introductory *apt]s on ! /udy ( ,orni?ology2 h[ to id5tify birds & h[ to collect & pres]ve birds1 _! ne/s & eggs4 #bj full-page plates & #aej cuts 9 ! text4 #abmo4 ,libr>y edition4 ,pocket edition4 ,,bird-,,life ,a guide to ! /udy ( our common birds4 ,) #ge full-page color$ plates & num]\s text draw+s by ,erne/ ,?ompson ,seton4 ,conta9+ an ,app5dix1 especially design$ = tea*]s4 #abmo4 ,clo?4 ,,bird ,,/udies ,,) ,a ,,cam]a ,a fasc9at+ acc\nt ( ! habits ( common birds1 ) descriptions ( ! l>ge/ bird colonies exi/+ 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! au?or's ph5om5al success 9 photograph+ birds 9 ,nature n only l5ds to ! illu/rations ! *>m ( realism1 b makes ! book a record ( surpris+ a*ievem5ts ) ! cam]a4 #abmo4 ,clo?4 ,,w>bl]s ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ica ,a full description ( our mo/ beautiful1 mo/ abundant1 & lea/ kn[n birds4 ,illu/rat$ ) color$ plates ( e species & photographs ( ne/s & eggs4 ,imp4 #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,camps ,,& ,,cruises ,,( ,,an ,,orni?ologi/ ,! /ory ( eight ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 travel1 9 :i* ! au?or cov]$ ov] #fj1jjj miles 9 8 se>* = mat]ial ) :i* to prep>e a s]ies ( gr\ps ( ,am]ican birds1 to exce$ 9 beauty & sci5tific value any?+ :i* _h h]et(ore be5 attempt$ 9 ?is l9e4 ,! illu/rations1 ov] #bej 9 numb]1 are f ,dr4 ,*apman's photographs1 & beyond "q =m a rem>kable s]ies ( pictures ( bird-life4 #hvo4 ,,color ,,key ,,to ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds ,?is "w may be describ$ z an illu/rat$ diction>y ( ,nor? ,am]ican birds4 ,x is ! mo/ complete publication ( its k9d1 & makes an admirable introduction to ! /udy ( birds & ! lit]ature ( ,orni?ology & at ! same "t is an au?oritative "w ( ref]5ce4 ,ov] #hjj pictures4 ,,our ,,w9t] ,,birds ,an introduction to ! /udy ( birds4 ,! au?or believes t ! /udy ( ,orni?ology %\ld beg9 ) ! w9t] birds z !y are few] 9 numb] & easi] to approa*4 ,divid$ into conv5i5t gr\ps su* z field birds1 =e/ birds1 home birds1 etc4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo4 ,,! ,,travels ,,( ,,birds ,a s]ies ( *apt]s on bird migration1 describ+ birds z travel]s1 :y !y travel1 dang]s by ! way1 night fly]s & day fly]s1 etc4 ,_m illu/rations f draw+s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,:at ,,bird ,,is ,,t8 ,a bird book = beg9n]s ) #cja birds 9 color4 ----------------- ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company1 ,,new ,,york ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,topography ,,( ,a ,,bird ,bluebird 7natural size7 ,,color ,,key ,,to ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds ,) ,bibliographical ,app5dix ,,by ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman ,,curator ,,( ,,orni?ology ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,au?or ( ,h&book ( ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,bird-,life1 ,etc4 ,) ,upw>d ( #hjj ,draw+s ,,by ,,*e/] ,a ,,re$1 ,b4 ,s4 ,revis$ ,edition ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,logo ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,company #aiab ,,copyright1 ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,co4 #aijc ,,copyright1 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,co4 #aiab ,publi%$ ,novemb] #aiab ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,,preface4 ,to le>n to call a bird by its "r "n is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! /udy ( orni?ology4 ,we may propose to inve/igate ! /ructure1 food1 & habits ( ! birds ( ! _w1 or desire m]ely a sup]ficial k ( ! species f\nd 9 our g>d51 b 9 ei!r case we are at once confront$ by ?is "q ( id5tification4 ,f ! sci5tific po9t ( view !re is b "o satisfactory way to id5tify a bird4 ,a specim5 ( x %\ld be 9 h& 9 ord] t its =m1 color1 & size may be accurately det]m9$1 :51 ) ! aid ( analytical keys1 ) :i* mo/ text-books are provid$1 x is a simple matt] to asc]ta9 ! bird's "n4 ,wide exp]i5ce has %[n ! writ]1 h[ev]1 t :]e "o dead bird is id5tifi$1 hundr$s ( attempts are made to "n ! liv+ bird 9 nature4 ,?is is to be expect$4 ,x is ! natural outcome ( ! rec5t rem>kable int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( birds :i*1 fo/]$ by ,audubon ,societies & nature /udy tea*]s1 has assum$ an e?ical & educational importance ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,we _c place a gun 9 ! h&s ( ^! ?\s&s ( bird-lov]s :om we are ye>ly develop+2 inde$ mo/ ( !m w\ld refuse to use x4 ,specim5s1 !re=e1 are r>ely available to !m & we %\ld make "s special ef=t to meet _! peculi> wants4 ,! pres5t volume has be5 prep>$ ) ?is end 9 view4 ,id5tification ( ! bird 9 ! bu% is its sole end2 an end1 h[ev]1 :i* we tru/ w prove b ! beg9n+ ( a new & pot5t int]e/ 9 nature4 ,,frank ,m4 ,,*apman ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,city1 #aijc4 ,,preface ,,to ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,9 ! pres5t edition ( ! ,color ,key ! body ( ! book1 aside f ! correction ( typographical errors1 rema9s z x 0 9 ! prec$+ edition4 ,! ,sy/ematic ,table has be5 reset & br\ght up to ,july1 #aiab1 ! date ( ! publication ( ! late/ supplem5t to ! ?ird edition ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union's ',*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4' ,two ,app5dixes are add$4 ,! fir/ includes all ! *anges 9 nom5clature & descriptions ( new birds :i* h be5 accept$ by ! ,a4,o4,u4 ,committee on ,classification & ,nom5clature s9ce ! publication ( ! ,color ,key 9 #aijc2 ! second conta9s a li/ ( faunal orni?ological pap]s :i* x is hop$ w add greatly to ! ref]5ce value ( ! book4 ,f4 ,m4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,octob]1 #aiab4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction #a ,h[ to ,le>n a ,bird's ,"n #a ,h[ ,birds ,are ,nam$ #d ,,synopsis ,,( ,,ord]s ,,& ,,families ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds #i ,,color ,,key ,,to ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds #da ,,sy/ematic ,,table ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds #beg ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,additions1 ,,subtractions1 ,,em5dations #bih ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,bibliography #cje ,,index #ccc ,,illu/rations ,! illu/rations 9 ?is volume are design$ to aid ! /ud5t 9 id5tify+ birds 9 _! haunts by giv+1 9 color1 ^? m>k+s :i* mo/ quickly cat* ! eye4 ,!y d n pret5d to be p]fect reproductions ( e %ade & t9t ( ! plumage ( ! species !y figure1 b aim to pres5t a bird's *>act]i/ic colors z !y appe> :5 se5 at a di/ance4 ,x 0 impracticable to draw all ! birds to ! same scale b all ^? on ! same page are s figur$4 ,ref]5ce %\ld always be made1 h[ev]1 to ! measurem5ts giv5 at ! beg9n+ at ea* description4 ,! figures are bas$ on ! male bird4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,abbreviations4 ,male4 ,! sign ( ,m>s1 signify+ male4 ,female4 ,! sign ( ,v5us1 signify+ female4 ,ad4 ,adult1 a bird 9 fully mature plumage4 ,yng4 ,"y1 a fully gr[n bird :i* has n yet acquir$ ! plumage ( ! adult4 ,l4 ,l5g?1 ! di/ance f ! tip ( ! bill to ! end ( ! tail4 ,?is measurem5t is made f dead birds1 birds 9 life appe> some:at %ort]4 ,w4 ,w+1 ! di/ance f ! 'b5d' ( ! w+ to ! end ( ! longe/ fea!r4 ,t4 ,tail1 ! di/ance f ! ins]tion ( ! tail-fea!rs to ! end ( ! longe/ "o4 ,t>4 ,t>sus1 ! di/ance f ! heel to ! ins]tion ( ! toes1 or ( ! s-call$ 'leg4' ,b4 ,bill1 ! di/ance f ! fea!rs at ! base ( ! bill above to its tip4 ,,note4 ,all measurem5ts are 9 in*es & t5?s1 & a v>iation ( ab\t t5 p] c5t4 f ! figures giv5 may be expect$4 ,! numb] be=e ! "n ( ea* species is t ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union's ',*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4' ,,introduction ,,h[ ,,to ,,le>n ,a ,,bird',s ,,"n ,h[ c ,i le>n to "k ! birds8 is ! fir/ "q ( ! seek] aft] bird-lore4 ,! sci5ti/'s reply1 ,by %oot+ !m & /udy+ _! /ructure & m>k+s 9 detail1 may d = ! few :o1 l himself1 desire to "k ! birds sci5tifically2 b x is emphatically n ! answ] to give ! n9ety & n9e :o1 :ile !y desire to secure an intimate1 accurate k ( birds1 w n ga9 x at ! sacrifice ( bird-life4 ,9 ! pres5t volume1 !re=e1 an attempt has be5 made s to gr\p1 figure1 & describe our birds t any species may be nam$ :i* has be5 def9itely se54 ,! birds are kept 9 _! sy/ematic ,ord]s1 a natural arrangem5t1 readily compreh5d$1 b1 fur!r ?an ?is1 accept$ classifications h be5 ab&on$ & ! birds h be5 gr\p$ accord+ to color & m>k+s4 ,a key to ! ,ord]s gives ! m prom95t *>act]s on :i* !y are bas$2 tell+ = example1 ! ext]nal diff]5ces betwe5 a ,duck & a ,grebe4 ,9 comp>atively few in/ances1 h[ev]1 w ! beg9n] h mu* difficulty 9 decid+ to :at ,ord] a bird belongs4 ,probably eight times1 out ( t5 ! unkn[n bird w belong to ! ,ord] ,pass]es1 or ,p]*+ ,birds1 :5 "o has only to select ! color section 9 :i* x %\ld be plac$1 *oose f among ! color$ figures ! bird ^: id5tity is s\ght1 & v]ify "o's selection by read+ ! description ( ! bird's *>act]i/ics & ! outl9e ( its range4 ,9 ! case ( closely relat$ species1 & p>ticul>ly subspecies1 ! subjects ( range & season are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,mo/ subspecies resemble _! ne>e/ allies too closely to be id5tifi$ 9 life by color alone1 & 9 su* cases a bird's "n is to be le>n$ by its color 9 connection ) its di/ribution & ! season 9 :i* x is se54 ,dur+ ! bre$+ p]iod1 unless "o *ance to be 9 a region :]e two races int]grade1 subspecific names may be appli$ to ! bird 9 nature ) "s c]ta9ty1 = x is a law t only "o subspecies ( a species c ne/ 9 ! same area2 b dur+ migrations & 9 ! w9t]1 :5 sev]al subspecies ( "o species may be f\nd associat$1 x is frequ5tly impossible to "n !m ) accuracy4 ,= example1 dur+ ! summ] "o ne$ h no hesitancy 9 call+ ! ,rob9s ( ! l[l&s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ! ,s\!rn ,rob9 7,plane/icus migratorius a*ru/]us7 b lat]1 :5 ! ,nor!rn ,rob9s 7,plane/icus migratorius migratorius7 beg9 to appe>1 x w\ld be difficult1 if n impossible1 to di/+ui% !m 9 life f ! resid5t birds4 ,if x 7 possible to impress ! /ud5t1 :o proposes to "n ! bird 9 ! bu%1 ) ! absolute necessity = c>eful1 def9ite obs]vation he w\ld be sav$ _m disappo9t+ & disc\rag+ exp]i5ces4 ,x is n possible to exam9e y\r bird too ?or\ghly4 ,nev] be satisfi$ ) a sup]ficial view & a g5]al impression4 ,look at y\r bird1 if y c1 f sev]al po9ts ( view2 /udy its appe>ance 9 detail1 its size1 bill1 cr[n1 back1 tail1 w+s1 ?roat1 brea/1 etc41 & ,,at ,,once ent] :at y see 9 a note-book kept = t purpose4 ,9 ?is way1 & ?is way alone1 c y expect to compete ) ^? :o use ! gun4 ,x does n foll[1 h[ev]1 t because "o does n collect specim5s ( birds "o _c /udy !m sci5tifically4 ,:ile ! /ud5t may n be int]e/$ 9 ! classification ( birds purely f ! /&po9t ( ! sy/emati/1 he is /rongly urg$ to acqua9t himself ) at lea/ ! arrangem5t ( ! ,ord]s & ,families ( our birds & _! lead+ /ructural *>act]s4 ,to ! /ud5t :o desires to prep>e himself = 8 "w afield su* a /udy may well come be=e he attempts to "n ! birds4 ,b :]e ! *ief end 9 view is to le>n a bird's "n1 ! m te*nical side ( ! subject may be def]r$4 ,9 any ev5t1 x %\ld n be neglect$4 ,?is ord]ly arrangem5t ( k w n only be practical b5efit 9 "o's future labors b x w br+ ) x t s5se ( satisfaction :i* accompanies ! assurance t we "k :at we "k4 ,z "o le>ns to recognize bird aft] bird x is an admirable plan to classify sy/ematically "o's li/ ( bird acqua9tances "u _! prop] ,ord]s & ,families4 ,^! may be le>n$ at once f ! sy/ematic table at ! end ( ! book1 :]e ! numb]s :i* prec$e ea* species are arrang$ s]ially1 & h5ce sy/ematically4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z an aid to id5tification 9 ! field1 descriptions ( birds' notes h be5 includ$4 ,x is n suppos$ t ^! descriptions w convey an adequate idea ( a bird's song to a p]son :o has nev] he>d x1 b x is hop$ t !y may occasionally lead to ! recognition ( calls or songs :5 !y are he>d4 ,an adequate me?od ( transcrib+ bird's notes has z yet to be devis$ & ! au?or realizes only too well h[ unsatisfactory ! data "h pres5t$ w appe> to ! /ud5t4 ,x is hop$1 h[ev]1 t !y may sometimes prove ( assi/ance 9 nam+ birds 9 life4 ,z has be5 said be=e1 ! aim ( ?is volume is to help /ud5ts to le>n ! names ( our birds 9 _! haunts4 ,b we %\ld be do+ scant ju/ice to ! possibilities ( bird /udy if1 ev5 by sil5ce1 we %\ld imply t !y end$ ) ! le>n+ to "k ! bird4 ,?is is only ! beg9n+ ( ! que/ :i* may br+ u into close intimacy ) ! secrets ( nature4 ,! birds' haunts & food1 _! seasons & times ( com+ & go+2 _! songs & habits dur+ c\rt%ip1 _! ne/-build+1 egg-lay+1 incubat+ & c>e ( _! "y1 ^! & a hundr$ o!r subjects connect$ ) _! lives may claim our att5tion & by increas+ our k ( bird-life1 add to our love ( birds4 ,,h[ ,,birds ,,are ,,nam$ ,birds h two k9ds ( names4 ,"o is a common1 v]nacul>1 or popul> "n2 ! o!r is a te*nical or sci5tific "n4 ,! fir/ is usually giv5 to ! liv+ bird by ! p ( ! c\ntry x inhabits4 ,! second is appli$ to specim5s ( birds by orni?ologi/s :o classify !m4 ,common names 9 _! orig9 & use "k no law4 ,te*nical names are be/[$ "u ! sy/em ( nom5clature e/abli%$ by ,linn,au & _! =mation & application are gov]n$ by c]ta9 def9ite1 g5]ally accept$ rules4 ,! ,linn,aan sy/em1 z x is n[ employ$ by mo/ ,am]ican orni?ologi/s1 provides t a bird1 9 addition to be+ gr\p$ 9 a c]ta9 ,class1 ,ord]1 ,family1 etc41 %all h a g5]ic & specific "n :i*1 toge!r1 %all n be appli$ to any o!r animal4 ,our ,rob91 !re=e1 is classifi$ & nam$ z foll[s3 ,,class ,,aves1 ,,ord] ,,pass]es1 ,p]*+ ,birds4 ,subord] ,osc9es1 ,s++ ,p]*+ ,birds4 ,family ,turdid,a ,?ru%es4 ,subfamily ,turdin,a ,?ru%es4 ,g5us1 ,plane/icus1 ,?ru%es4 ,species1 migratorius ,am]ican ,rob94 ,! ,rob9's di/9ctive sci5tific "n1 !re=e1 :i* x alone possesses1 is ,plane/icus migratorius4 ,!re are num]\s o!r memb]s ( ! g5us ,plane/icus1 b n "o ( !m is call$ migratorius & ?is comb9ation ( names1 !re=e1 appli$ to only "o bird4 ,! que/ions ,:y use all ^! ,lat9 t]ms8 ,:y n call ! bird ,rob9 & be done ) x8 are easily answ]$4 ,widely di/ribut$ birds frequ5tly h diff]5t names 9 diff]5t p>ts ( _! range4 ,! ,flick] 7,colaptes auratus71 = in/ance1 has ov] "o hundr$ common or v]nacul> names4 ,aga91 ! same "n is (t5 appli$ to :olly diff]5t birds4 ,our ,rob9 7,plane/icus migratorius7 is n ev5 a memb] ( ! same family z ! ,european ,rob9 7,eri?acus rubecola47 ,if1 !re=e1 we %\ld write ( birds or attempt to classify !m only by _! common names1 we %\ld be deal+ ) su* unfix$ quantities t ! result w\ld be inaccurate & mislead+4 ,b by us+ "o "n 9 a language kn[n to educat$ p ( all c\ntries1 a writ] may indicate1 )\t dang] ( be+ misund]/ood1 ! p>ticul> animal to :i* he ref]s4 ,among p speak+ ! same tongue1 :]e a def9ite li/ ( v]nacul> names ( animals has be5 e/abli%$1 !y c ( c\rse be us$ in/ead ( ! sci5tific names4 ,su* a li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican birds has be5 prep>$ by ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union4 ,x furni%es a common z well z sci5tific "n = ea* ( our birds1 & is ! recogniz$ /&>d ( nom5clature among ,am]ican orni?ologi/s4 ,! names & numb]s ( birds employ$ 9 ?is ,color ,key are ^? ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union's ',*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4' ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ?is ',*eck-,li/1' & consequ5tly 9 ! foll[+ pages1 _m birds h ?ree sci5tific names1 a g5]ic1 specific1 & subspecific4 ,! ,we/]n ,rob91 = example1 appe>s z ,plane/icus migratorius prop9quus4 ,:at is ! significance ( ?is ?ird "n8 ,9 ! days ( ,linn,au1 & = _m ye>s aft]1 x 0 suppos$ t a species 0 a di/9ct creation ^: *>act]s nev] v>i$4 ,b 9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s1 z specim5s h be5 ga!r$ f ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry inhabit$ by a species1 comp>ison frequ5tly %[s t specim5s f "o "p ( its range diff] f ^? tak5 9 ano!r "p ( its range4 ,at int]v5+ localities1 h[ev]1 int]m$iate specim5s w be f\nd connect+ ! extremes4 ,g5]ally1 ^! geographical v>iations1 z !y are call$1 are ! result ( climatic conditions4 ,= in/ance1 9 regions ( heavy ra9fall a bird's colors are usually mu* d>k] ?an !y are :]e ! ra9fall is light4 ,song ,sp>r[s1 = example1 are pale/ 9 ! des]t region ( ,arizona1 :]e ! annual ra9fall may n rea* eight in*es1 & d>ke/ on ! coa/ ( ,briti% ,columbia & ,alaska1 :]e ! annual ra9fall may be ov] "o hundr$ in*es4 ,9 go+ f "o region1 h[ev]1 to ! o!r ! gradual *anges 9 climate are accompani$ by gradual *anges 9 ! colors ( ! ,song ,sp>r[s1 & ! wide diff]5ces betwe5 ,arizona & ,alaska ,song ,sp>r[s are !re=e bridg$ by a s]ies ( int]m$iates4 ,v>iations ( ?is k9d are spok5 ( z geographic1 racial1 or subspecific & ! birds exhibit+ !m are t]m$ subspecies4 ,9 nam+ !m a ?ird "n1 or tr9omial is employ$1 & ! possession ( su* a "n indicates at once t a bird is a geographic or racial repres5tative ( a species1 ) "o or m repres5tatives ( :i* x int]grades4 ,return+ n[ to ! ,rob94 ,our ea/]n ,rob9s always h ! out] pair ( tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite &1 9 adults1 ! back is blot*$ ) black2 :ile ,rob9s f ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & we/w>d h little or no :ite on ! out] tail-fea!rs1 & ! back is d>k gray1 )\t black blot*es4 ,^! extremes are connect$ by int]m$iate specim5s %>+ ! *>act]s2 ( bo? ea/]n & we/]n birds4 ,we d n1 !re=e1 treat ! latt] z a species1 b z a subspecies1 & consequ5tly1 apply to x a subspecific "n or tr9omial1 ,plane/icus migratorius prop9quus1 7prop9quus1 mean+ ne>ly relat$47 ,a fur!r /udy ( our ea/]n ,rob9 %[s t 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( its bre$+ range 7! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia71 x v>ies f ! nor!rn type 9 be+ small] 9 size & mu* pal] & dull] 9 color2 & to ?is second geographical v>iety is appli$ ! "n ,plane/icus migratorius a*ru/]us1 7a*ru/]us1 mean+ less highly color$74 ,aft] ! recognition ( we/]n & s\!rn races ( ! ,rob9 "u ?ree names 7tr9omial7 x w\ld obvi\sly be inconsi/5t to apply only two names 7b9omial7 to our ea/]n bird1 ! =m] be+ no m subspecies ( ! latt] ?an ! latt] is ( ! =m]4 ,9 o!r words1 to cont9ue to apply only g5]ic & specific names to ! ,ea/]n ,rob9 w\ld imply t x 0 a full species1 :ile ! use ( a tr9omial = ! ,we/]n or ! ,s\!rn ,rob9 %[s !m to be subspecies4 ,z a matt] ( fact we "k t !re is b "o species ( true ,rob9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 consequ5tly 9 accordance ) ! logical & n[ g5]ally accept$ me?od1 we apply to t species ! "n ,plane/icus migratorius1 & ?is is equally applicable to ,rob9s f ea/1 s\? or we/4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we le>n t ! ,ea/]n ,rob9 is n a species b a subspecies1 we repeat ! specific "n by :i* x 0 made kn[n & call x ,plane/icus migratorius migratorius4 ,x may be ask$1 ,:y give names to ^! geographical races8 ,:y n call ,ea/]n1 ,we/]n & ,s\!rn ,rob9s by "o "n1 ,plane/icus migratorius1 )\t reg>d to _! climatic v>iations8 ,9 reply1 two excell5t reasons may be giv5 = ! recognition ( subspecies by "n2 fir/1 because 9 "s cases !y diff] f "o ano!r f> m ?an d _m species1 :5 x w\ld cle>ly be inadvisable to apply ! same "n to :at are obvi\sly diff]5t creatures4 ,= example1 x has lately be5 discov]$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,nelson t ! small1 black-?roat$1 br[n-brea/$1 ,quails or ,bob-:ites ( s\!rn ,mexico1 ?r\gh a long s]ies ( int]m$iates inhabit+ ! int]v5+ region1 int]grade ) ! l>ge1 :ite-?roat$1 black-&-:ite brea/$1 ,bob-:ite ( our nor!rn /ates4 ,x w\ld be absurd to call su* :olly unlike birds by ! same "n1 nor c\ld we give a full specific "n to ! ,mexican ,bob-:ite s9ce at no place c we draw a l9e def9itely sep>at+ x f ! nor!rn ,bob-:ite4 ,fur!rmore1 ! use ( only two names w\ld conceal ! rem>kable fact ( ! int]gradation ( two su* /rik+ly diff]5t birds2 a fact ( ! fir/ importance to /ud5ts ( ! evolution ( species4 ,= mu* ! same reason we %\ld "n ^? birds :i* %[ less pron\nc$ v>iations1 su* z are exhibit$ by ! ,rob94 ,"h we h a species 9 ! mak+1 & 9 trac+ ! relation betwe5 cause & effect1 we le>n some?+ ( ! influ5ces :i* create species4 ,?us1 climate has be5 def9itely prov5 s to alt] a species1 bo? 9 size & color t1 z we h se5 9 ! case ( ! ,song ,sp>r[s1 m>k$ climate *anges are accompani$ by correspond+ly m>k$ *anges 9 ! appe>ance ( c]ta9 animals4 ,9 nam+ ^! animals we are1 9 effect1 giv+ a 'h&le to ! fact' ( _! evolution by environm5t4 ,s9ce x is evid5t t a bird may v>y mu* or little1 accord+ to ! gov]n+ conditions & its t5d5cy to respond to !m1 no fix$ rule c be laid d[n :i* %all decide j :at degree ( diff]5ce are des]v+ a "n4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t 9 "s cases orni?ologi/s d n agree ^u a bird's claim to subspecific rank4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 h[ev]1 que/ions ( ?is k9d are ref]r$ to a committee ( sev5 exp]ts ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union1 & _! decision e/abli%es a nom5clature1 :i* is accept$ z ! /&>d by o!r ,am]ican orni?ologi/s & :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 ?is volume4 ,=eign birds ( :olly accid5tal occurr5ce1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica b once or twice1 are includ$ 9 ! sy/ematic li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican birds1 b are n describ$ or figur$ 9 ! body ( ! book1 :]e _! pres5ce w\ld t5d to convey an errone\s impression ( _! ,nor? ,am]ican /atus4 ,fur!rmore1 records ( ! pres5ce ( birds s r>e z ^! c be prop]ly bas$ on only ! capture ( specim5s4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! foll[+ pages bo? au?or & arti/ h _h full access to ! collections ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & !y are also glad to ackn[l$ge _! indebt$ness to ,william ,brew/] ( ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 to ,rob]t ,ridgway1 ,curator ( ,birds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 & to ,c4 ,h>t ,m]riam1 ,*ief ( ! ,biologic ,survey1 = ! loan ( specim5s = description & illu/ration4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,ord]s ,,& ,,families ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds4 ,! figures are all life-size1 except z /at$4 ,,wat] ,,birds4 ,ord] ,i4 ,grebes1 ,loons1 & ,auks4 ,,pygopodes4 7#c families1 #cb species1 #c subspecies47 ,duck-l birds ) ! bill usually po9t$1 nev] wid] ?an high1 & )\t flut+s1 'gutt]s1' or s]rations on its side2 w+s %ort1 nev] ) a bright color$ pat* or 'speculum'2 tail rudim5t>y1 n noticeable2 toes webb$ or lob$4 ,color usually blacki% above1 :ite bel[2 ! ?roat (t5 d>k4 ,! ,grebes & ,loons1 :5 pursu$1 dive r ?an fly2 ! ,auks usually take w+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pi$-,,bill$ ,,grebe4 ,family #a4 ,,grebes4 ,,podicipida4 ,toes f\r ) lobate webs2 tipp$ ) a broad nail2 tail want+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,( ,,razor-,,bill$ ,,auk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,loon4 ,family #b4 ,,loons4 ,,gaviida4 ,toes f\r1 webb$2 toe-nails n broad & flat2 tail pres5t4 ,family #c4 ,,auks1 ,,murres1 ,,& ,,puff9s4 ,,alcida4 ,toes ?ree1 webb$2 toe-nails %>p2 tail pres5t4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,gulls1 ,t]ns1 ,jaeg]s1 ,etc4 ,,longip5nes4 7#c families1 #db species1 #a subspecies47 ,birds g5]ally se5 on ! w+1 z a rule1 ov] wat]4 ,bill /rong1 ?ick2 hook$ 9 ! ,gulls & ,jaeg]s2 %>ply po9t$ 9 ! ,t]ns2 (t5 color$ 9 "p yell[ or r$2 w+s v long1 ! out] fea!rs mu* ! longe/2 tail usually %ort & squ>e 9 ! ,gulls1 long & =k$ 9 ! ,t]ns2 toes webb$4 ,color usually pe>ly gray above1 :ite bel[ 9 adult ,gull & ,t]ns2 ,jaeg]s & _m "y ,gulls are d>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>asitic ,,jaeg]4 ,family #d4 ,,skuas ,,& ,,jaeg]s4 ,stercorariid,a4 ,toes f\r2 ?ree front ones webb$2 bill ) swoll51 hook$ tip1 its base ) a scaly %ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]r+ ,,gull4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,t]n4 ,family #e4 ,,gulls ,,& ,,t]ns4 ,larid,a4 ,toes usually f\r1 ?ree front ones webb$2 upp] m&ible curv$ & hook$2 tail usually squ>e 7,gulls1 subfamily ,larin,a74 ,bill /raight & po9t$2 tail (t5 =k$ 7,t]ns1 subfamily ,sternin,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,skimm]4 ,family #f4 ,,skimm]s4 ,rynchopid,a4 ,toes f\r1 ?ree front ones webb$2 bill ?9 & blade l1 ! maxilla long] ?an ! m&ible2 tail slightly =k$4 ,ord] ,,iii4 ,albatrosses1 ,%e>wat]s1 ,petrels1 ,etc4 ,,tub9>es4 7#b families1 #cj species1 #a subspecies47 ,sea-birds keep+1 z a rule1 well (f %ore1 & fly+ l[1 ne> ! wat]1 (t5 skimm+ ov] ! waves4 ,bill1 ) upp] m&ible hook$2 no/rils op5+ ?r\gh tubes2 w+s long & po9t$2 tail %ort2 feet webb$2 h9d-toe rudim5t>y or abs5t4 ,color usually gray or black & :ite2 no bright m>k+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bill ,,( ,,%ort-,,tail$ ,,albatross4 ,family #g4 ,,albatrosses4 ,,diom$eida4 ,no/rils op5+ ?r\gh tubes1 sep>at$ & on ei!r side ( ! bill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fulm>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lea* ,,petrel4 ,family #h4 ,,fulm>s1 ,,petrels ,,& ,,%e>wat]s4 ,procellariid,a4 ,no/rils jo9$ & situat$ on top ( ! bill4 ,ord] ,,iv4 ,cormorants1 ,pelicans1 ,gannets1 ,man-o'w> ,birds1 & ,tropic-,birds4 ,,/eganopodes4 7#f families1 #ai species1 #e subspecies47 ,l>ge birds1 two feet or m 9 l5g?1 v>y+ widely 9 appe>ance & habits2 9 ext]nal /ructure agree+ only 9 hav+ all f\r toes jo9$ by webs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[-,,bill$ ,,tropic ,,bird4 ,family #i4 ,,tropic ,,birds4 ,pha,athontid,a4 ,bill po9t$1 some:at t]n-l2 c5tral tail fea!rs mu* elongat$2 *9 fea!r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gannet4 ,family #aj4 ,,gannets4 ,sulid,a4 ,bill /\t1 its tip n hook$2 *9 & eye space b>e2 tail po9t$1 its fea!rs n 'flut$4' ,illu/ration3 ,,anh+a4 ,family #aa4 ,,anh+as2 ,,snake-,,birds4 ,anhingid,a4 ,bill /raight & sl5d]2 *9 & eye space b>e2 tail r\nd$2 its middle fea!rs flut$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,violet-,,gre5 ,,cormorant4 ,family #ab4 ,,cormorants4 ,phalacrocoracid,a4 ,bill ) a hook$ tip2 a small p\* at its base2 plumage usually black or blacki%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,pelican4 ,family #ac4 ,,pelicans4 ,pelecanid,a4 ,bill hook$ at tip1 ) a l>ge p\*2 tail %ort1 squ>e2 eye space b>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,man-,o' ,,w> ,,bird4 ,family #ad4 ,,man-,o' ,,w> ,,birds4 ,fregatid,a4 ,bill hook$2 p\* small2 tail long & =k$2 eye space fea!r$4 ,ord] ,v4 ,ducks1 ,geese1 & ,swans4 ,,ans]es4 7#a family1 #di species1 #f subspecies47 ,birds ( famili> =m2 bill1 except 9 ,m]gans]s or ,saw-bill$ ,ducks1 broad & ) r[s ( '/ra9]s' or 'gutt]s' on ei!r side2 w+s %ort1 9 ! ,ducks usually ) a bright color$ pat* or speculum2 tail g5]ally %ort2 legs %ort2 feet webb$4 ,mo/ species1 unlike ! ,grebes1 take w+ r ?an dive :5 pursu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$-,,brea/$ ,,m]gans]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mall>d4 ,family #ae4 ,,ducks1 ,,geese1 ,,& ,,swans4 ,anatid,a4 ,bill long1 n>r[1 & r\nd$ ) too?-l projections along its sides4 7,m]gans]s4 ,subfamily ,mergin,a47 ,bill broad1 flatt5$1 typically duck-l2 t>sus or leg ) transv]se scales2 h9d toe )\t a lobe4 7,riv] ,ducks4 ,subfamily ,anatin,a47 ,bill & t>sus z 9 prec$+1 b h9d toe ) a broad lobe or flap4 7,sea & ,bay ,ducks4 ,subfamily ,fuligulin,a47 ,bill proportionately n>r[] ?an 9 ! ,riv] or ,bay ,ducks2 gutt]s on its sides less develop$2 scales on front ( t>sus r\nd$4 7,geese4 ,subfamily ,anserin,a47 ,l>ge1 usually :ite birds1 ) b>e eye space4 7,swans4 ,subfamily ,cygnin,a47 ,ord] ,,vi4 ,flam+oes4 ,,odontoglossa4 7#a family1 #a species47 ,bright r$ or p9k & :ite birds1 /&+ f\r feet or m 9 height2 side ( ! bill ) gutt]s1 its end b5t d[nw>d2 w+s r %ort2 legs long2 feet webb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,flam+o4 ,family #af4 ,,flam+oes4 ,ph,anicopterid,a4 ,*>act]s ( ! ,family simil> to ^? ( ! ,ord]4 ,ord] ,,vii4 ,h]ons1 ,bitt]ns1 ,ibises1 & ,spoonbills4 ,,h]odiones4 7#d families1 #ai species1 #c subspecies47 ,long-legg$ wad+ birds1 g5]ally f\nd along %ores or on muddy flats2 bill v>iable2 9 ! ,h]ons /raight & %>ply po9t$2 9 ! ,ibises1 sl5d]1 r\nd$1 & curv$ d[nw>d2 9 ! ,spoonbill1 flatt5$3 w+s r\nd$2 tail %ort2 legs long2 toes all on same level1 long1 sl5d]1 )\t webs4 ,h]ons & ,bitt]ns fly ) a fold 9 ! neck1 ! head be+ drawn 92 ,ibises & ,spoonbills fly ) ! neck /raight1 ! head be+ ext5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roseate ,,spoonbill4 ,family #ag4 ,,spoonbills4 ,plataleid,a4 ,bill flatt5$ & mu* broad5$ at ! end2 cr[n & face b>e 9 adults2 toes p>tly webb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite-,,fac$ ,,glossy ,,ibis4 ,family #ah4 ,,ibises4 ,ibidid,a4 ,bill long & curv$ d[n2 its side ) grooves2 toes p>tly webb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood ,,ibis4 ,family #ai4 ,,/orks ,,& ,,wood ,,ibises4 ,,ciconiida4 ,bill /\t1 )\t grooves2 t>sus reticulate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gre5 ,,h]on4 ,family #bj4 ,,h]ons1 ,,egrets1 ,,& ,,bitt]ns4 ,ardeid,a4 ,bill usually /raight & %>ply po9t$2 lores nak$2 head fea!r$2 t>sus ) transv]se scales2 middle toe-nail pect9ate or ) a comblike edge4 ,ord] ,,viii4 ,cranes1 ,rails1 ,coots1 ,gall9ules1 ,etc4 ,,paludicola4 7#c families1 #af species1 #c subspecies47 ,birds v>y+ greatly 9 size & appe>ance1 b all agree+ 7& diff]+ f ,h]odiones7 9 hav+ ! h9d-toe elevat$1 t is1 leav+ ! foot at a high] level ?an ! front toes2 tail %ort2 legs usually long4 ,all fly ) ! neck ext5d$1 a fact by :i* ,cranes 9 flight may be kn[n f ,h]ons4 ,rails are %ort-w+$ skulk]s 9 grassy m>%es2 ,gall9ules frequ5t re$y %ores2 ,coots1 :i* alone ( ! ,ord] h webb$ 7lobate7 toes1 are z aquatic z ,ducks1 f :i* !y may be kn[n by _! po9t$1 :ite bill1 nodd+ motion ( ! head :5 swimm+1 & habit ( patt]+ ov] ! wat] :5 al>m$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s&hill ,,crane4 ,family #ba4 ,,cranes4 ,gruid,a4 ,l>ge birds ov] ?ree feet 9 l5g?2 head p>tly b>e 9 adults4 ,illu/ration3 ,,limpk94 ,family #bb4 ,,c\rlans4 ,aramid,a4 ,bill long & sl5d]2 head :olly fea!r$2 toes n webb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sora4 ,illu/ration3 ,,clapp] ,,rail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,coot4 ,family #bc4 ,,rails1 ,,coots1 ,,& ,,gall9ules4 ,rallid,a4 ,bill v>iable2 toes always long1 webb$ 7lob$7 9 only "o species2 w+s %ort & r\nd$2 tail %ort4 ,ord] ,,ix4 ,snipes1 ,s&pip]s1 ,curlews1 ,plov]s1 ,etc4 ,,limicola4 7#g families1 #ee species1 #d subspecies47 ,g5]ally long-legg$1 sl5d]-bill$ birds ( %ores & mud flats1 & sometimes fields4 ,mo/ ( !m are "u a foot 9 l5g?2 none are s l>ge z ! ,ibises2 w+s long & po9t$2 tail %ort2 toes long & sl5d]1 usually )\t webs2 color g5]ally br[n or blacki% above1 mottl$ & /reak$ ) :iti% & buff4 ,_m species utt] *>act]i/ic pip+ :i/les z !y fly or :5 !y take w+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nor!rn ,,phal>ope4 ,family #bd4 ,,phal>opes4 ,phalaropodid,a4 ,front toes ) lobes or webs2 t>sus flatt5$2 plumage ?ick2 swimm+ ,snipe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,avocet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black-,,neck$ ,,/ilt4 ,family #be4 ,,avocets ,,& ,,/ilts4 ,recurvirostrid,a4 ,long legg$1 wad+ ,snipe2 9 ,avocets toes f\r1 front ?ree webb$2 bill recurv$2 9 ,/ilts toes ?ree1 almo/ unwebb$2 bill /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,semipalmat$ ,,s&pip]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,woodcock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hudsonian ,,curlew4 ,family #bf4 ,,snipes1 ,,s&pip]s1 ,,curlews1 ,,etc4 ,scolopacid,a4 ,toes usually f\r2 t>sus ) transv]se scales2 bill g5]ally long1 sl5d]1 & s(t1 us$ z a probe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,killde]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black-,,belli$ ,,plov]4 ,family #bg4 ,,plov]s4 ,charadriid,a4 ,toes usually ?ree1 or :5 f\r1 ! f\r? rudim5t>y2 t>sus ) r\nd$ scales1 bill1 z comp>$ ) t ( ,snipe1 %ort & /\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turn/one4 ,family #bh4 ,,surf ,,birds ,,& ,,turn/ones4 ,aphrizid,a4 ,toes f\r1 t>sus ) transv]se scales2 bill %ort1 r h>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,oy/]-,,cat*]4 ,family #bi4 ,,oy/]-,,cat*]s4 ,,hamatopodid,a4 ,toes ?ree1 webb$ at base2 t>sus /\t1 ) r\nd$ scales2 bill heavy1 compress$1 & said to be us$ = op5+ %ells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mexican ,,jacana4 ,family #cj4 ,,jacanas4 ,jacanid,a4 ,toes f\r1 ) _! nails greatly elongat$ to support ! bird :ile walk+ on aquatic vegetation2 w+1 ) a %>p spur2 bill ) fle%y lobes at base &1 9 "s species1 on its sides4 ,,l& ,,birds4 ,ord] ,x4 ,gr\se1 ,p>tridges1 ,bob-,:ites1 ,etc4 ,,gall9a4 7#c families1 #bd species1 #be subspecies47 ,gr\nd-inhabit+ birds ( *ick5-l =m2 bill /\t1 h5-l2 w+s %ort & r\nd$2 tail v>iable2 feet /rong2 h9d-toe elevat$4 ,color usually mix$ br[n1 black1 & buff1 or blui% gray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bob-,,:ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ruff$ ,,gr\se4 ,family #ca4 ,,gr\se1 ,,p>tridges1 ,,etc4 ,tetraonid,a4 ,*>act]s ! same z ^? ( ! ,ord]2 t>sus nak$ 9 ,p>tridges & ,quails2 m or less fea!r$ 9 ,gr\se & ,pt>migan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turkey4 ,family #cb4 ,,turkeys1 ,,pheasants1 ,,& ,,*ick5s4 ,phasianid,a4 ,t>sus nak$1 (t5 spurr$1 tail rem>kably v>iable 7= example1 ,turkey1 ,peacock72 head (t5 ) a comb1 wattles1 or o!r excresc5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*a*alaca4 ,family #cc4 ,,curass[s ,,& ,,guans4 ,cracid,a4 ,l>ge tree-haunt+1 pheasant-l birds2 toes f\r1 all on same level4 ,ord] ,,xi4 ,pigeons & ,doves4 ,,columba4 7#a family1 #ac species1 #c subspecies47 ,walk+ birds1 fe$+ bo? on ! gr\nd & 9 trees2 bill sl5d]1 groov$1 no/rils op5+ 9 a fle%y membrane2 tail v>iable1 %ort & squ>e1 or long & po9t$2 feet /\t1 (t5 r$di%4 ,color usually grayi% br[n4 ,call-notes a *>act]i/ic coo+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\rn+ ,,dove4 ,family #cd4 ,,pigeons ,,& ,,doves4 ,columbid,a4 ,*>act]s ^? ( ! ,ord]4 ,ord] ,,xii4 ,vultures1 ,hawks1 & ,owls4 ,,raptores4 7#d families1 #ef species1 #cc subspecies47 ,g5]ally l>ge birds ) hook$ bill2 /rong1 heavy feet1 & long1 curv$ nails2 w+s l>ge2 tail r long1 usually squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turkey ,,vulture4 ,family #ce4 ,,am]ican ,,vultures4 ,cathartid,a4 ,bill n /rongly hook$2 toe-nails comp>atively weak2 no/rils l>ge1 pi]c+ ! bill2 head & m or less ( neck1 b>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$-,,tail$ ,,hawk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,( ,,r$-,,tail$ ,,hawk4 ,family #cf4 ,,falcons1 ,,hawks1 ,,eagles1 ,,etc4 ,falconid,a4 ,no/rils op5+ 9 a c]e at ! base ( ! bill2 hook ( bill & claws well develop$2 plumage firm & close2 t>sus usually l>gely b>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>n ,,owl4 ,family #cg4 ,,b>n ,,owls4 ,strigid,a4 ,eyes black1 set 9 a some:at triangul> facial disc2 bill m or less conceal$ by fea!rs2 no/ril op5+ at ! edge ( a fle%y c]e2 inn] edge ( middle toe-nail s]rate2 no 'e>s'2 t>sus fea!r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scree* ,,owl4 ,family #ch4 ,,horn$ ,,owls1 ,,etc4 ,bubonid,a4 ,eyes yell[ or black1 set 9 a circul> facial disc2 bill m or less conceal$ by fea!rs2 no/rils op5+ at ! edge ( a fle%y c]e2 t>sus fea!r$4 ,ord] ,,xiii4 ,p>oquets & ,p>rots4 ,,psittaci4 7#a family1 #b species47 ,usually bright gre5 birds )1 a heavy hook$ bill1 broad scoop-%ap$ l[] m&ible2 long1 po9t$ w+s2 tail1 9 ,p>rots1 g5]ally squ>e2 9 ,p>oquets1 po9t$2 feet heavy1 two toes 9 front & two beh9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>ol9a ,,p>oquet4 ,family #ci4 ,,p>rots ,,& ,,p>oquets4 ,psittacid,a4 ,*>act]s ! same z ^? ( ,ord]4 ,ord] ,,xiv4 ,cuckoos1 ,trogons1 ,k+fi%]s1 ,etc4 ,,coccyges4 7#c families1 #h species1 #b subspecies47 ,a composite ,ord] ( sev]al gr\ps ( birds be>+ no close relation to ea* o!r4 ,cuckoos h slightly curv$ bills1 long tails1 & two toes 9 front & two beh9d4 ,trogons h %ort1 r broad1 /\t bills1 & s(t1 loose plumage1 (t5 gre5 above1 r$ bel[2 mod]ately long tails2 small feet ) two toes 9 front1 two beh9d4 ,k+fi%]s h long1 r /\t1 po9t$ bills2 w+s1 long2 tail1 m$ium2 ?ree toes 9 front & "o beh9d2 middle & out] toes jo9$ = half _! l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[-,,bill$ ,,cuckoo4 ,family #dj4 ,,cuckoos1 ,,anis4 ,,etc4 ,cuculid,a4 ,toes two 9 front1 two beh9d2 bill1 usually1 m or less decurv$2 tail1 long & r\nd$1 ! out] fea!rs be+1 g5]ally1 mu* %ort] ?an ! middle pair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copp]y-,,tail$ ,,trogon4 ,family #da4 ,,trogons4 ,trogonid,a4 ,toes two 9 front1 two beh9d2 bill1 %ort2 upp] m&ible decurv$ & d5tate2 tail squ>e2 plumage1 s(t1 loose1 & g5]ally %9+ gre5 above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,belt$ ,,k+fi%]4 ,family #db4 ,,k+fi%]s4 ,alcedinid,a4 ,legs %ort2 feet small2 toes1 ?ree 9 front1 "o beh9d2 ?ird & f\r? toes jo9$2 bill1 /\t & long4 ,ord] ,,xv4 ,woodpeck]s4 ,,pici4 7#a family1 #bd species1 #bb subspecies47 ,climb+ birds ) /\t1 po9t$ bills1 bri/ly no/rils1 po9t$1 /iff5$ tail fea!rs1 /rong feet & nails2 two toes 9 front & two beh9d1 except 9 ,picoides1 :i* has two 9 front & "o beh9d4 ,prevail+ colors1 black & :ite1 ! males usually ) r$ on ! cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,( ,,?ree-,,to$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pileat$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,family #dc4 ,,woodpeck]s4 ,picid,a4 ,*>act]s ! same z ^? ( ! ,ord]4 ,ord] ,,xvi4 ,goatsuck]s1 ,swifts1 & ,humm+birds4 ,,macro*ires4 7#c families1 #bg species1 #f subspecies47 ,bill1 9 ! ,goatsuck]s & ,swifts1 small2 m\? l>ge2 9 ! ,humm+birds1 bill long1 sl5d]1 ne$le-l2 w+s & tail v>iable2 feet1 9 all ?ree gr\ps1 small & weak4 ,color1 9 ,goatsuck]s1 mix$ br[n1 buff & black2 9 ,swifts1 black & :ite2 9 ,humm+birds1 usually %9+ gre5 above ) respl5d5t ?roat-pat*es ( v>i$ hues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ip-,,poor-,,w4 ,family #dd4 ,,goatsuck]s1 ,,etc4 ,caprimulgid,a4 ,feet usually small & weak2 toes1 ?ree 9 front1 "o beh9d2 middle toe-nail pect9ate or comb$2 bill small2 m\? v l>ge & usually beset by long bri/les4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imney ,,swift4 ,family #de4 ,,swifts4 ,micropodid,a4 ,bill small1 triangul> :5 se5 f above2 m\? l>ge1 no bri/les2 tail v>iable1 9 ,ch,atura ) project+ sp9es2 w+s long & n>r[2 feet small & toes %ort2 plumage usually d>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ruby-,,?roat$ ,,humm+bird4 ,family #df4 ,,humm+birds4 ,trochilid,a4 ,bill long & sl5d]2 feet sl5d]2 w+s l>ge & po9t$2 tail exce$+ly v>iable1 (t5 assum+ ! mo/ /rik+ %apes4 ,ord] ,,xvii4 ,flycat*]s1 ,jays1 ,blackbirds1 ,f9*es1 ,swall[s1 ,w>bl]s1 ,?ru%es1 & ,o!r ,p]*+ ,birds4 ,,pass]es4 7#ah families1 ab\t #cbe species & #bbf subspecies47 ,bill1 w+s1 & tail v>iable2 feet ) f\r toes n connect$1 ! h9d-toe z long z ! middle "o2 its nail g5]ally long] ?an t ( ! middle toe4 ,?is ,ord] conta9s m species ?an ! rema9+ sixte5 ,ord]s put toge!r4 ,9 x w be f\nd ov] #hj p] c5t4 ( ! birds commonly se5 by field /ud5ts4 ,x is difficult ( def9ition1 b almo/ any small p]*+ bird may1 ) m or less c]ta9ty1 be ref]r$ to ! ,pass]es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,( ,,rob94--7a typical ,pass]9e foot47 ,illu/ration3 ,,phoebe4 ,family #dh4 ,,flycat*]s4 ,tyrannid,a4 ,bill broad1 flat1 hook$ at tip1 its base ) bri/les2 w+s r po9t$1 ! second to f\r? prim>ies longe/2 t>sus r\nd$ beh9d z well z 9 front2 fea!rs ( cr[n g5]ally some:at l5g!n$1 =m+ :5 erect$1 a small cre/2 pose1 :5 p]*+1 erect2 food ( insects usually captur$ on ! w+2 voice g5]ally unmusical4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horn$ ,,l>k4 ,family #di4 ,,l>ks4 ,alaudid,a4 ,h9d toe-nail mu* l5g!n$2 bill r\nd$1 /raight2 t>sus r\nd$ beh9d z well z 9 front2 our species ) a tuft ( fea!rs on ei!r side ( ! head2 out] prim>y %ort or rudim5t>y2 walk+ birds1 s++ :ile on ! w+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,blue ,,jay4 ,family #ej4 ,,cr[s ,,& ,,jays4 ,corvid,a4 ,l>ge p]*+ birds1 usually twelve in*es or m 9 l5g?2 bill /\t2 no/rils cov]$ by project+ bri/les2 feet heavy2 out] tail-fea!rs usually %orte/2 f\r? to fif? prim>y longe/1 fir/ ab\t half z long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,purple ,,grackle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baltimore ,,oriole4 ,family #eb4 ,,blackbirds1 ,,orioles1 ,,etc4 ,icterid,a4 ,base ( bill1 betwe5 no/rils1 ext5d+ back & divid+ fea!rs on =ehead2 no/rils n conceal$ by bri/les2 fir/ ?ree prim>ies ( equal l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$poll4 ,illu/ration3 ,,song ,,sp>r[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ev5+ ,,grosbeak4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>d9al4 ,family #ec4 ,,f9*es1 ,,sp>r[s1 ,,etc4 ,fringillid,a4 ,bill %ort1 /\t1 conical2 ?ird or f\r? prim>ies longe/2 fir/ ab\t half an in* %ort]2 ! majority are small birds & b few are ov] eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,summ] ,,tanag]4 ,family #ed4 ,,tanag]s4 ,tanagrid,a4 ,bill some:at f9*-l b m swoll5 9 outl9e2 ! upp] m&ible1 9 typical =ms1 too!d or d5tate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tree ,,swall[4 ,family #ee4 ,,swall[s4 ,hirundinid,a4 ,bill %ort1 broad & flat2 feet small & weak2 w+s long & n>r[2 tail not*$ & sometimes =k$2 birds ( ! air1 fe$+ :ile on ! w+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c$> ,,waxw+4 ,family #ef4 ,,waxw+s4 ,ampelid,a4 ,bill %ort1 /\t1 & r\nd$1 its tip not*$2 w+s r long2 head cre/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nor!rn ,,%rike4 ,family #eg4 ,,%rikes4 ,laniid,a4 ,bill /\t1 its m&ible hook$ & hawk-l2 feet truly ,pass]9e2 pose1 9 p]*+1 erect2 solit>y grayi% birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$-,,ey$ ,,vireo4 ,family #eh4 ,,vireos4 ,vireonid,a4 ,bill small1 b di/9ctly hook$2 out] prim>y usually v small & sometimes app>5tly want+2 olive-gre5 glean]s among ! leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,na%ville ,,w>bl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[ ,,w>bl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,r$/>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*at4 ,family #fj4 ,,w>bl]s4 ,mniotiltid,a4 ,bill1 9 mo/ ( ! species1 sl5d]1 %>ply po9t$1 & )\t a not* or hook at ! tip2 9 ! g5]a ,wilsonia & ,setophaga1 flat & flycat*]-l2 9 ,ict]ia /\t2 back ( t>sus compress$ into a ?9 ridge2 ?ree out] prim>ies ( ne>ly equal l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,pipit4 ,family #fa4 ,,wagtails4 ,motacillid,a4 ,h9d toe-nail mu* l5g!n$2 bill sl5d]1 no/ril n cov]$ ) bri/les1 z 9 true ,l>ks2 back ( t>sus ?91 n r\nd$2 t]re/rial1 walk+ ) a wagg+ motion ( ! tail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,dipp]4 ,family #fb4 ,,dipp]s4 ,cinclid,a4 ,?ick-set birds ) %ort w+s & tail2 plumage ?ick & wat]-pro(2 t>sus scal$2 semi-aquatic 9 habit1 haunt+ m\nta9 /reams4 ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,?ra%]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h\se ,,wr54 ,family #fc4 ,,wr5s1 ,,?ra%]s1 ,,etc4 ,troglodytid,a4 ,t>sus scal$2 tail r\nd$1 ! out] fea!rs be+ %orte/2 ?ird to f\r? prim>y longe/1 ! out] half z long2 bill 9 ,?ra%]s (t5 decurv$1 its base ) bri/les2 ,9 ,wr5s1 bill )\t bri/les2 br[n or grayi% inhabitants ( l[] gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,creep]4 ,family #fd4 ,,creep]s4 ,certhiid,a4 ,bill sl5d] & mu* decurv$2 tail usually po9t$ & /iff5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ickadee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$-,,brea/$ ,,nu?at*4 ,family #fe4 ,,nu?at*es ,,& ,,tits4 ,parid,a4 ,f\r? or fif? prim>y longe/2 fir/ an in* or less 9 l5g?4 ,*ickadees 7subfamily ,parin,a7 h a %ort1 /\t bill1 ! no/rils cov]$ ) bri/les2 ! tail is r long & r\nd$4 ,nu?at*es 7subfamily ,sittin,a7 h a long1 sl5d] bill1 %ort1 squ>e tail1 & l>ge feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5-,,cr[n$ ,,k+let4 ,family #ff4 ,,k+lets1 ,,gnatcat*]s1 ,,etc4 ,sylviid,a4 ,bill sl5d] & ,w>bl]-l1 b fir/ prim>y only "o-?ird z long z ! f\r?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood ,,?ru%4 ,family #fg4 ,,?ru%es1 ,,bluebirds1 ,,etc4 ,turdid,a4 ,t>sus 'boot$'1 )\t scales1 7see foot ( ,rob9 "u ,synopsis ( ,ord] ,pass]es72 tail squ>e2 m&ible not*$ & slightly hook$2 out] prim>y an in* or less 9 l5g?2 second to f\r? ( ab\t equal l5g?4 ,,color ,,key ,,to ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds ,ord] ,i4 ,,div+ ,,birds4 ,,pygopodes4 ,family #a4 ,,grebes4 ,podicipid,a4 #f species4 ,family #b4 ,,loons4 ,gaviid,a4 #e species4 ,family #c4 ,,auks1 ,,murres1 & ,,puff9s4 ,alcid,a4 #ba species1 #c subspecies4 ,grebes are at home 9 re$-gr[n ponds or sl\ghs :]e _! ne/s are made on rafts or islets ( wat]-soak$ vegetation4 ,_! eggs numb] f f\r to eight1 are dull :ite 9 color1 & are usually cov]$ by ! bird ) a portion ( ! ne/+ mat]ial :5 x leaves its home4 ,grebes occasionally re/ on ! %ore1 b are r>ely f\nd f> f ! wat]4 ,:5 on l& !y may lie flat on _! brea/s or sit erect on _! tails & entire foot1 or t>sus4 ,_! progress on l&1 z a rule1 is awkw>d & !y may use _! w+s z =e feet to assi/ !m4 ,9 div+1 ,grebes sometimes spr+ p>tly f ! wat] & !n plunge d[nw>d head fir/1 or !y may quietly s9k ) sc>ce a ripple to m>k ! place ( _! disappe>ance4 ,loons g5]ally pass ! summ] on "s l>ge lake1 & 9 ! w9t] _m ( !m live at sea4 ,!y ne/1 z a rule1 on ! %ore1 b s ne> ! wat] t ! p>5t bird may slide (f its two d>k br[n1 mottl$ eggs into its favorite elem5t4 ,l ! ,grebes1 ,loons are exp]t div]s1 & birds ( bo? families s (t5 seek safety "u ! wat] r ?an 9 ! air t x is frequ5tly difficult to make !m fly4 ,! "y ( bo? ,grebes & ,loons are born cov]$ ) fea!rs & take to ! wat] %ortly aft] bir?1 (t5 us+ ! back ( ! p>5t bird z an ev] pres5t isl& on :i* !y may re/ at w4 ,! ,auks1 ,murres1 & ,puff9s are sea birds :i* ne/ usually 9 l>ge colonies on isolat$ islets or rocky1 inaccessible %ores ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,!y lay "o or two eggs1 sometimes 9 an expos$ position among ! rocks ) no attempt at ne/-build+1 sometimes at ! end ( a burr[ excavat$ by ! birds4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! "y are re>$ 9 ! ne/2 9 ! =m]1 !y sometimes ent] ! wat] at an e>ly age4 ,! "o egg laid by ,murres is rem>kable bo? 9 color & 9 %ape4 ,9 color x v>ies f blui% gre5 to buff1 & is usually heavily scrawl$ ) black4 ,9 outl9e x is pyri=m or pe>-%ap$4 ,:5 mov$ x does n roll away z w\ld a h5's egg b revolves ab\t its own tip4 ,9 ?is mann] x reta9s its place on ! n>r[ l$ges (t5 *os5 by ,murres = ne/+-sites4 ,grebes & ,loons ,illu/ration3 #b #b4 ,holb,all ,grebe 7,colymbus holb,alli74 ,l4 #ai4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & h9dneck glossy black2 back blacki%2 ?roat1 *eeks1 & und]p>ts :ite2 =5eck & sides ruf\s4 ,w9t]4 ,above blacki% br[n2 ?roat & und]p>ts :ite2 =5eck pale ruf\s4 ,yng4 ,simil> b no ruf\s4 ,notes4 ,an explosive kup & ,an exce$+ly l\d h>% voice n unlike t ( an angry ,cr[1 b ( mu* great] volume4 ,! calls 7 also giv5 m sl[ly & inde$ ) s+ul> delib]ation1 c>1 c>1 ?ree or f\r times1 sometimes l5g!n$ to ca>1 & aga91 brok5 & quav]+ l ca-a-a-r or ca-a-a-a-r4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/]n ,sib]ia1 & ,japan2 bre$s locally 9 ! int]ior f ab\t ,lat4 #ej;,a deg4 nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,ma9e & ,briti% ,columbia s\?w>d to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,nebraska & ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 *iefly on ! coa/s4 ,illu/ration3 #c #c4 ,horn$ ,grebe 7,colymbus auritus74 ,l4 #ac4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,cr[n1 h9dneck1 & ?roat glossy black2 plumes beh9d eye deep buff2 back & w+s blacki%2 =5eck1 brea/1 sides1 & lores *e/nut2 abdom5 :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above grayi% black2 bel[ :ite4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,hemisph]e2 bre$s l>gely 9 ! int]ior f ea/]n ,quebec1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ,/4 ,clair ,flats1 ,nor? ,dakota1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,ma9e & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,gulf ,/ates & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #d #d4 ,am]ican ,e>$ ,grebe 7,colymbus nigricollis cali=nicus74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ads4 ,above1 neck all ar\nd1 & upp] brea/ br[ni% black2 *eek tufts yell[i% br[n2 flanks *e/nut2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,grayi% br[n above2 :ite bel[4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica ea/ to ,kansas2 bre$s locally f ,texas & middle ,cali=nia nor? to ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 on ! ,pacific coa/1 & ,texas s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #e #e4 ,lea/ ,grebe 7,colymbus dom9icus bra*ypt]us74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,?roat black2 *eeks slaty1 above blacki%2 bel[ grayi%4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> b no black or slate on ?roat or *eeks4 ,smalle/ ( our ,grebes4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley 9 ,texas & s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #f #f4 ,pi$-bill$ ,grebe 7,podilymbus podiceps74 ,l4 #ac4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above br[ni% black2 ?roat & b& on bill black2 =5eck1 brea/1 & sides br[ni%2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,! same1 b ?roat :ite1 brea/ m ru/y1 bill )\t black b&4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 sonor\s1 c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-c[-uh1 c[-uh1 c[-uh1 c[-uh4 ,range4--,arg5t9e ,republic2 nor? ?r\gh ,mexico & ,we/ ,indies to ,lat4 ( ,hudson ,bay2 bre$s locally ?r\gh\t its range1 b *iefly nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,new ,j]sey1 ,ill9ois1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no label4 ,assum$ #a4 #a4 ,we/]n ,grebe2 ,swan ,grebe 7,a*mophorus occid5talis74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,cr[n & h9dneck black2 back grayi% br[n2 sides ( head & "u p>ts :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,cr[n & h9dneck l back4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 rattl+1 grat+ :i/le4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 ,9 summ] ea/w>d to ,%oal ,lake1 ,manitoba2 nor?w>d to s\!rn ,alaska2 bre$s locally f nor!rn ,cali=nia & ,nor? ,dakota nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia to c5tral ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #g4 #g4 ,loon 7,gavia imb]74 ,l4 #cb4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above1 includ+ :ole neck1 glossy black2 ?roat & neck ) :ite /reaks2 back & w+s ) :ite spots or b>s2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above blacki% m>g9$ ) grayi%2 no :ite spots2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 maniacal laugh4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$s f ,ma9e1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ,m9nesota1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ab\t s\!rn limit ( bre$+ range s\? to ,gulf ( ,mexico1 *iefly on coa/s4 #h4 ,yell[-bill$ ,loon 7,gavia adamsii74 ,l4 #cf4 ,simil> to ,no4 #g1 b l>g] & bill yell[i% or :iti%4 ,notes4 ,simil> to ^? ( ,no4 #g1 b h>%]4 7,murdo*47 ,range4--,arctic ,am]ica we/ ( ,hudson ,bay1 & nor!rn ,asia2 casual 9 nor!rn ,europe4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #i4 #i4 ,black-?roat$ ,loon 7,gavia arctica74 ,l4 #bg2 ,w4 #ab4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,=5eck & back blui% black2 ?roat1 neck1 & back /reak$ or b>r$ ) :ite2 cr[n & nape gray2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to ,no4 #g1 b small]4 ,notes4 ,a dismal too-too-e-e4 7,turn]47 ,range--,nor!rn "p ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica bre$s f ,hudson ,bay nor? to ,arctic coa/2 w9t]s s\? to ,briti% ,columbia1 ! ,great ,lakes &1 casually1 to ,long ,isl&4 #aj4 ,pacific ,loon 7,gavia pacifica74 ,simil> to ,no4 #i1 b =5eck 9 summ] reflect+ deep blue or gre52 h9dneck pal]2 small]1 ,w4 #aa4 ,notes4 ,a h>% kok1 kok1 kok4 7,murdo*47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s at ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska1 & ea/w>d2 w9t]s s\? along ,pacific ,coa/ to ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #aa4 #aa4 ,r$-?roat$ ,loon 7,gavia lumme74 ,l4 #be4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,=5eck *e/nut1 head & neck a%y4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to ,no4 #g1 9 w9t]1 b back spott$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a h>% gr-r ga1 gr-r1 gr-r-ga1 gr-r4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn "p ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,nor? ,am]ica bre$s f ,new ,brunswick to ,gre5l& & ,hudson ,bay1 & nor?we/ to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,auks1 ,murres & ,puff9s ,illu/ration3 #ab4 #ab4 ,tuft$ ,puff9 7,lunda cirrhata74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,*eeks :ite2 a pair ( long /raw color plumes f beh9d eyes2 re/ ( plumage sooty4 ,w9t]4 ,*eeks sooty1 plumes usually abs5t4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] adult1 b brea/ & belly :iti%4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,pacific2 resid5t locally f ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s nor? to ,alaska4 ,accid5tal 9 ,ma9e4 ,illu/ration3 #ac4 #ac4 ,puff9 7,frat]cula arctica74 ,l4 #ac2 ,w4 #f2 ,b4 #a4h4 ,ads4 ,above1 & =5eck blacki%2 *eeks & "u p>ts :ite2 bill 9 summ] t\*$ ) bright r$4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se croak4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 bre$s f ,bay ( ,fundy nor? to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,long ,isl&4 #ac;a4 ,l>ge-bill$ ,puff9 7,f4 a4 glacialis74 ,w4 #g2 ,b4 #b4a4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ac1 b l>g]4 ,range4--,arctic ,ocean f ,spitz5b]g5 to nor!rn ,gre5l&4 ,illu/ration3 #ad4 #ad4 ,horn$ ,puff9 7,frat]cula corniculata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ac1 b 9 summ] ) ! ?roat blacki%4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se snuffl+1 rattl+ note 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,pacific f ,kuril ,isl&s to ,briti% ,columbia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ae4 #ae4 ,rh9oc]os ,auklet 7,c]orh9ca monoc]ata74 ,l4 #ae4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,a horn on base ( bill2 two pairs ( :ite tufts2 above blacki%2 ?roat & brea/ grayi%2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b no horn4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad4 b no tufts4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific3 bre$+ s\? 7=m]ly7 to ! ,f>allones2 9 w9t] s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,japan4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #af4 #af4 ,cass9 ,auklet4 7,ptycoramphus aleuticus74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,a :ite spot above eye2 above blacki%2 ?roat & brea/ grayi%2 belly :ite4 ,notes4 ,a %rill1 squeal+ ,come be>-r-r1 come be>-r-r4 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ,aleutian ,isl&s to ,l[] ,cali=nia2 bre$+ s\? to ,san ,g]onimo ,isl& 7,lat4 #cj;,a deg474 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bc4 #bc4 ,m>bl$ ,murrelet 7,bra*yramphus m>moratus74 ,l4 #i4g4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,no cre/2 above d>k br[n1 f9ely mix$ ) ru/y2 bel[ :ite1 all fea!rs edg$ ) br[n4 ,w9t]4 ,:olly diff]5t2 above gray2 head d>k2 bel[ :ite2 a ne>ly complete :ite nu*al coll>4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad4 b black] above2 spr9kl$ ) blacki% bel[4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,vanc\v] nor? to ,aleutian ,isl&s2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #bd4 ,kittlitz ,murrelet 7,bra*yramphus breviro/ris74 ,l4 #i4e2 ,b41 f fea!rs on top1 4#d4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above gray1 mottl$ ) buff2 brea/ & sides mottl$ ) buff & black2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,sides ( head1 to above eye1 & l[] p>ts :ite2 above gray2 out] tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,japan1 ,kam*atka & ,aleutian ,isl&s1 ea/ to ,unalaska4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #be4 #be4 ,xantus ,murrelet 7,bra*yramphus hypoleucus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,bill sl5d]4 ,ads4 ,above slaty black2 "u surface ( w+ :ite2 inn] webs ( out] prim>ies :ite4 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/ f ,mont]ey s\? to ,cape ,/4 ,lucas2 bre$+ z f> nor? z ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&4 #bf4 ,crav]i ,murrelet 7,bra*yramphus crav]i74 ,l4 #aj4 ,bill sl5d]4 ,ads4 ,above slaty or br[ni% black2 sides slaty2 "u surface ( w+s dusky1 sometimes mix$ ) :ite4 ,range1--,coa/s ( ,l[] ,cali=nia1 f ,cape ,/4 ,lucas nor? to ,espiritu ,santo ,isl& 9 ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 & to ,natividad ,isl& 7lat4 #bh;,a deg47 on ! ,pacific side4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #cd4 #cd4 ,dovekie 7,alle alle74 ,l4 #h4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above blacki%2 inn] w+ fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 ?roat & brea/ blacki% br[n4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b ?roat & brea/ :ite or mix$ grayi%4 ,range--,nor? ,atlantic & ,ea/ ,arctic2 9 ,am]ica bre$s f ,lat4 #fh;,a deg4 nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,long ,isl&1 r>ely to ,virg9ia4 ,accid5tal 9 ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 #ag4 #ag4 ,p>oquet ,auklet 7,cyclorrhyn*us psittaculus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,no cre/2 a :ite plume f beh9d eye2 above blacki%2 ?roat gray]1 re/ ( "u p>ts :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,?roat :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l[1 sonor\s1 vibrat+ :i/le4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 f ,sitka & ! ,kuril ,isl&s nor?w>d4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,five records = coa/ (f ,san ,francisco 9 w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 #ah4 #ah4 ,cre/$ ,auklet 7,simorhyn*us cri/atellus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,bill r$2 a cre/ ( sl5d] recurv$ fea!rs2 a pair ( :ite tufts f beh9d eye2 above sooty black2 bel[ gray]4 ,yng4 ,simil> b bill br[n2 no cre/ or tufts4 ,notes4 ,a *irp+ note1 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific f ,kadiak & ,japan nor?w>d4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ai4 #ai4 ,:isk]$ ,auklet 7,simorhyn*us pygm,au74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,:ite fea!rs at base ( sides ( bill &1 mu* l5g!n$1 f above & bel[ eye2 a cre/ ( sl5d] recurv$ fea!rs2 above1 & ?roat d>k slate fad+ into :ite belly4 ,yng4 ,simil> b no cre/2 little or no :ite on head4 ,notes4 ,a l[ *att]+ note4 7,nelson47 ,range--,nor? ,pacific1 f ,unalaska ?r\gh ! ,aleutian *a9 to ,kam*atka4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bj4 #bj4 ,lea/ ,auklet 7,simorhyn*us pusillus74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,no cre/2 sides ( head ) :ite fea!rs2 above blacki%2 *9 sooty2 ?roat :ite2 "u p>ts :ite1 m>k$ irregul>ly ) sooty4 ,w9t]4 ,little or no sooty on brea/4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad41 b no :ite plumes4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 f ,sitka & ,japan nor? to ,b]+ ,/rait4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ba4 #ba4 ,anci5t ,murrelet 7,syn?liboramphus antiquus74 ,l4 #aj4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,no cre/2 head & ?roat black2 broad :ite /ripes beh9d eye2 back gray2 brea/ & belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> b ?roat :ite2 no :ite head /ripes4 ,notes4 ,a l[ pla9tive :i/le4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 f s\!rn ,vanc\v] ,isl& & ,japan nor?w>d2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia2 accid5tal 9 ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 #bg4 #bg4 ,black ,guillemot 7,cepphus grylle74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,black2 great] w+-cov]ts :ite1 black at base2 "u surface ( w+s :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above gray or black tipp$ ) :ite2 bel[ :ite4 ,range4--,coa/s ( nor!rn ,europe & ,nor? ,atlantic2 9 ,am]ica bre$s f ,knox ,co41 ,ma9e nor? to s\!rn ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,quebec & ,massa*usetts2 r>ely to ,toronto1 ,connecticut1 & ,long ,isl&4 #bh4 ,m&t ,guillemot 7,cepphus m&tii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bg1 b bases ( great] w+-cov]ts :ite4 ,range4--,arctic regions2 bre$s f ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay nor? to nor!rn ,gre5l& & nor!rn ,alaska2 9 w9t] migrates b little s\?w>d2 no satisfactory ,unit$ ,/ates record4 #bi4 ,pigeon ,guillemot 7,cepphus columba74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bg1 b inn] surface ( w+s sooty gray4 ,notes4 ,a squeal+1 vibrant :i/le4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,santa ,catal9a ,isl& nor? to ,b]+ ,/rait1 we/ ?r\gh ,aleutian ,isl&s to ,kam*atka & nor!rn ,japan2 w9t]s 9 same region4 ,illu/ration3 #cj4 #cj4 ,murre 7,uria troile74 ,l4 #af2 ,b4 #a4g4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above & neck sooty br[n2 "u p>ts & tips ( second>ies :ite2 sides ) blacki% /reaks4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b ?roat :ite wa%$ ) sooty4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se murre & squawk+ a-r-r-r-r-r-rh4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f ,bird ,rock1 ,magdal5 ,isl&s1 nor? to s\!rn ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,ma9e &1 r>ely1 ,ont>io4 #cj;a4 ,cali=nia ,murre 7,u4 t4 cali=nica74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cj b l>g]1 ,w4 #h4b2 ,b4 #a4i4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,pribil( ,isl&s s\? to ,f>allones2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ca4 #ca4 ,brunni* ,murre 7,uria lomvia74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cj1 b bill %ort]1 #a4b4 ,9 summ]1 head & ?roat br[n]1 l[] m&ible swoll5 at sides & grayi% at base4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic & ea/]n ,arctic2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f ,bird ,rock1 ,magdal5 ,isl&s1 nor? to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,new ,j]sey & along ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ,lakes ,*ampla9 & ,ont>io1 r>ely to ,lake ,mi*igan4 #ca;a4 ,pallas ,murre 7,u4 l4 arra74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ca1 b l>g]2 ,w4 #h4f2 ,b4 #a4e4 ,notes4 ,a peculi> gr[l+ or ho>se *att]+ note4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 s\? to ,kadiak & ,kam*atka4 ,illu/ration3 #cb4 #cb4 ,razor-bill$ ,auk 7,alca torda74 ,l4 #af4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above sooty black1 =5eck br[n]2 tips ( second>ies1 l9e f bill to eye1 & "u p>ts1 :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b =5eck :ite4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad4 b )\t eye l9e4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se grunt or groan4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 bre$s f ,bird ,rock1 ,magdal5 ,isl&s1 nor? to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,long ,isl& &1 r>ely1 to ,ont>io & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #cc4 ,great ,auk 7,plautus imp5nis74 ,l4 #bi2 ,w4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,above blacki%2 a l>ge :ite spot be=e ! eye2 second>ies tipp$ ) :ite2 sides ( neck & ! ?roat seal br[n2 belly1 :ite4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #cb 9 g5]al appe>ance b body mu* l>g]2 w+1 h[ev]1 %ort]4 ,range4--,=m]ly1 ! coa/s & isl&s ( ,nor? ,atlantic1 s\? on ,am]ican side to ,florida 79 w9t]872 n[ ext9ct4 ,ord] ,,ii4 ,,long-,,w+$ ,,swimm]s4 ,,longip5nes4 ,family #a4 ,,skuas & ,,jaeg]s4 ,stercorariid,a4 #d species4 ,family #b4 ,,gulls & ,,t]ns4 ,larid,a4 #cg species1 #a subspecies4 ,family #c4 ,,skimm]s4 ,rynchopid,a4 #a species4 ,skuas & ,jaeg]s are pirates among ! birds ( ! high seas4 ,bold & da%+1 !y pursue ! swift fly+ ,t]ns or mu* l>g] ,gulls ) equal success1 =c+ !m to drop ! fi% !y h captur$ & cat*+ x ere x rea*es ! wat]4 ,gulls 7,subfamily ,larin,a7 are usually consid]$ s *>act]i/ic ( ! sea t ',sea ,gull' is ! "n popul>ly appli$ to all memb]s ( ! subfamily to :i* !y belong4 ,sev]al species1 h[ev]1 are equally at home1 bo? 9 ! w9t] & :5 ne/+1 on ! l>g] bodies ( wat] 9 ! int]ior1 & "o species is r>ely or nev] f\nd on our sea coa/s4 ,gulls ne/ on ! gr\nd1 on drifts ( m>%-grass1 on cliffs1 & "o species1 at lea/1 among ,am]ican ,gulls 7! ,h]r+ ,gull7 has z a result ( p]secution1 acquir$ ! habit ( ne/+ 9 trees4 ,gulls fe$ f ! surface ( ! wat]1 pick+ up _! food ) _! /rongly curv$ bills 9 pass+ or :ile hov]+1 n by plung+ into ! wat]1 z d ! ,t]ns4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 ! scav5g]s ( ! wat]1 & p]=m a s]vice ( great value to mank9d by dev\r+ ! bodies ( v>i\s =ms ( aquatic animals :i*1 9 dy+1 come to ! surface &1 if ca/ a%ore1 might1 9 decay+1 prove a s\rce ( disease4 ,= ?is reason x 0 especially un=tunate t ! plumage ( ^! birds became fa%ionable = mill9]y purposes1 ) ! result t ?\s&s ( !m 7 de/roy$ = _! w+s & brea/s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union & ! ,audubon ,societies1 laws h be5 pass$ prohibit+ ! kill+ ( ^! beautiful & useful birds1 & w>d5s h be5 plac$ on _! ne/+ gr\nds to protect !m4 ,gulls (t5 re/ 9 great flocks on ! wat]1 sitt+ high up & rid+ ! waves buoyantly1 b ! ,t]ns 7,subfamily ,sternin,a71 aft] !y h acquir$ ! p[] ( flight1 are r>ely se5 on ! wat]4 ,!y are light]1 m active birds ?an ! ,gulls1 ) long] w+s & tails1 & %>p]1 m po9t$ bills4 ,!y fe$ l>gely on small fi% 7! species call$ silv]sides be+ a favorite7 ( no value to man1 :i* !y secure by d>t+ f ! air ) great spe$ & directness4 ,:5 look+ = food1 ,t]ns usually fly ) ! bill d[nw>d1 a habit :i* w aid 9 di/+ui%+ !m f ! ,gulls1 ^: bill is c>ri$ 9 a l9e ) ! body4 ,t]ns usually ne/ 9 l>ge colonies on ! bea* ( "s isolat$ islet ei!r on our sea coa/s or 9 ! int]ior4 ,! ne/ is g5]ally compos$ ( a few wisps ( sea-we$ or grass1 or ! two or ?ree eggs are n infrequ5tly laid 9 a slight holl[ 9 ! s& or among ! %ells & pebbles4 ,l ! ,gulls1 ,t]ns h be5 slaught]$ 9 enorm\s numb]s = mill9]y purposes2 b 9 ?is c\ntry1 at lea/1 effective ef=ts are n[ be+ made to pres]ve !m4 ,skimm]s ne/ 9 numb]s on our ,atlantic ,coa/ f ,virg9ia s\?w>d1 lay+ _! f\r eggs 9 a slight depression 9 ! s&4 ,9 fe$+1 _! m\? is held op5 & ! long]1 ?91 l[] m&ible is dropp$ b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat]1 :51 fly+ rapidly1 !y readily pick up food4 ,9 "y ,skimm]s1 h[ev]1 ! two m&ibles are ( equal l5g? & ! l[] m&ible does n become appreciably long] ?an ! upp] "o until ! birds beg9 to fly4 ,dur+ ! flightless p]iod ( ! bird's life1 ! bill may be us$ to pick up food along ! %ore1 b :5 ! p[] ( flight is acquir$ & ) x ability to fe$ 9 ! *>act]i/ic ,skimm] mann]1 !n ! peculi> bill ( ^! birds becomes fully develop$4 ,! "y ( all ! ,gulls & ,t]ns are born cov]$ ) d[n & c leave ! ne/ a few h\rs aft] bir?4 ,! ,noddy1 h[ev]1 is said to be sev]al weeks 9 its /ick ne/1 :i*1 unlike o!r memb]s ( its gr\p1 x (t5 builds 9 bu%es4 ,! "y are color$ to h>monize ) _! usual surr\nd+s4 ,"y ,skimm]s are pale1 s&y br[n1 ( ! same color z ! s& 9 :i* !y are hat*$4 ,"y ,t]ns are d>k]1 & "y ,laugh+ ,gulls born 9 ne/s ( re$s or mead[ grasses1 are ! d>ke/ ( ! ?ree4 ,all "y ,gulls & ,t]ns h ! habit ( squatt+ l[ ne> ! gr\nd 9 ! pres5ce ( dang] & rema9+ motionless until actually t\*$ :5 !y seem to realize t !y h be5 se5 & tru/ to _! legs = safety4 ,skua & ,jaeg]s ,illu/ration3 #ce4 #ce4 ,skua 7,megale/ris skua74 ,l4 #bb4 ,ads4 ,above d>k1 dirty br[n2 bel[ pal]4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b m di/9ctly /reak$ ) yell[i%1 especially on head & neck4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic1 *iefly ea/]n2 bre$s f ,%etl& ,isl&s nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,gibralt>1 & r>ely ,long ,isl&4 ,"o specim5 f ,cali=nia coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #cf4 #cf4 ,pom>9e ,jaeg] 7,/]cor>ius pom>9us74 ,l4 #bj2 ,b4 #a4e4 ,middle tail fea!rs r\nd$4 ,ads4 light phase4 ,cap black2 ?roat1 brea/1 & neck1 all ar\nd1 :ite t+$ ) /raw2 back1 l[] belly1 upp] & "u tail cov]ts br[ni% slate4 ,ads4 d>k phase4 ,d>k br[n1 pal] bel[4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n m>g9$ ) ru/y2 bel[ :ite m>g9$ ) dusky & buffy4 ,notes4 ,a l[1 ho>se1 *att]+ cry4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s nor? ( ,lat4 #gj;,a deg42 w9t]s1 ma9ly at sea1 s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica1 s\!rn ,africa & ,au/ralia4 ,illu/ration3 #cg4 #cg4 ,p>asitic ,jaeg] 7,/]cor>ius p>asiticus74 ,l4 #ag2 ,b4 #a4a2 its scaly %ield long] ?an di/ance f end ( %ield to tip ( bill4 ,ads4 ,bo? phases simil> 9 color to ,no4 #cf1 b c5tral tail fea!rs po9t$1 #h4f long4 ,yng4 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #cf b small]1 bill %ort]1 middle tail fea!rs m po9t$4 ,notes4 ,l\d wail+ cries1 int]sp]s$ ) h>% %rieks4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s ma9ly at sea1 f ,cali=nia1 ,great ,lakes1 & ,massa*usetts s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ch4 #ch4 ,long-tail$ ,jaeg] 7,/]cor>ius longicaudus74 ,l4 #ba2 ,b4 #a1 its scaly %ield %ort] ?an ! di/ance f its end to ! tip ( bill4 ,ads4 ,9 bo? phases resembl+ ,no4 #cf b c5tral tail fea!rs po9t$ & #ab 94 long4 ,yng4 ,l ,no4 #cf & ,no4 #cg1 b to be di/+ui%$ by diff]5ces 9 bill measurem5ts4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se qua1 a %rill ph,ae,a-ph,ae,a-ph,ae,a-pheo1 :5 fly+2 or a rattl+ kr-r-r-r-1 kr-r-r-r1 kr-r-r1 kr,ae-kr,ae-1 kr,ae-kr,ae1 ! latt] syllables %rill & qu]ul\s4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s ma9ly at sea1 s\? to ,gibralt> & ,gulf ( ,mexico2 "o ,cali=nia record4 ,illu/ration3 ,bills ( #ch & #cg ,nat4 ,size ,gulls ,illu/ration3 #ci4 #ci4 ,ivory ,gull 7,pagophila alba74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads4 ,pure :ite2 bill yell[2 feet black4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b w+s & tail tipp$ ) blacki%2 ?roat dusky4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s s\? to ,great ,lakes & ,briti% ,columbia2 r>ely to ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 #dj4 #dj4 ,kittiwake 7,rissa tridactyla74 ,l4 #af4 ,h9d toe a knob4 ,ads4 ,head1 neck all ar\nd1 und]p>ts1 & tail :ite2 #c 94 or less1 ( tips ( prim>ies black4 ,yng4 ,tip ( tail1 e>-cov]ts1 nape1 & w+-cov]ts ) black2 bill black2 inn] web ( prim>ies ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a rapidly utt]$ 'kit-a-wake1 'kit-a-wake4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic & ea/]n ,arctic regions2 bre$s 9 ,am]ica1 f ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,great ,lakes1 ,long ,isl& &1 r>ely1 ,virg9ia4 #dj;a4 ,pacific ,kittiwake 7,rissa tridactyla pollic>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dj1 b h9d toe m develop$2 black tips to #c out] prim>ies1 #c 94 or m 9 l5g?4 ,notes4 ,a %rill1 h>% cry :5 di/urb$ & a l[ :i/le :5 communicat+ ) ea* o!r4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific & ,b]+ ,sea2 s\? 9 w9t]1 casually to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #da4 #da4 ,r$-legg$ ,kittiwake 7,rissa breviro/ris74 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ( ,no4 #dj1 b legs r$1 back & inn] web ( prim>ies d>k]2 bill %ort]1 #a4b4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dj1 b no black on tail or w+s4 ,range4--,coa/s & ,isl&s ( ,b]+ ,sea4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ed4 #ed4 ,r+-bill$ ,gull 7,l>us delaw>5sis74 ,l4 #ah4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,rill gre5i% yell[1 a black b& across tip2 ends ( prim>ies black1 a :ite spot ne> tip ( out] "o4 ,ads4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & neck /reak$ ) grayi%4 ,yng4 ,tail grayi% ) a broad black b&2 prim>ies black2 back br[ni% gray & :iti%2 belly :ite2 end half ( bill black4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 coa/ & int]ior2 bre$s f ,newf\ndl&1 s\!rn ,m9nesota1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,nova ,scotia & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,cuba & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ee4 #ee4 ,%ort-bill$ ,gull 7,l>us bra*yrhyn*us74 ,l4 #ag2 ,b4 #a4ej ,ads41 summ]4 ,head1 neck1 tail1 & und]p>ts :ite4 ,two out] prim>ies tipp$ ) black1 _! :ite spaces foll[$ by black2 rema9+ prim>ies tipp$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n2 basal half ( tail pe>l4 ,notes4 ,a %>p qu]ul\s kwew-kwew1 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s 9 ,alaska & int]ior ( nor!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s on coa/ f ,briti% ,columbia to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #db4 #db4 ,glauc\s ,gull 7,l>us glaucus74 ,l4 #bh2 ,w4 #ag4a2 ,b4 #b4ce4 ,no black 9 plumage4 ,ads4 ,prim>ies :ite t9t$ ) pe>l2 bill ) r$ spot at end ( l[] m&ible4 ,yng4 ,dirty :ite or gray1 mottl$ ) dusky & buffy1 *iefly above2 prim>ies :ite2 out] webs br[ni%4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,am]ica1 f ,labrador nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to middle ,cali=nia1 ,great ,lakes & ,long ,isl&4 #db4a4 ,po9t ,b>r[ ,gull 7,l>us b>rovianus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #db1 b bill ?r\gh angle n s deep1 74#h z comp>$ ) 4#i 9 glaucus72 prim>ies m di/9ctly tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 k,a-k,a-k,a1 k,a-k,a-k,a1 k,a-l,ae,ae-,a,a1 k,a-l,ae,ae-,a,a1 k,a-l,ae,ae-,a,a1 k,a-k,a-k,a1 k,a-k,a-k,a1 ! k,a-k,a ho>se1 ! re/ a %rill scream+4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,b]+ ,sea & contigu\s wat]s2 nor!a/ to ,po9t ,b>r[1 s\?we/ to ,japan4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #dc4 #dc4 ,icel& ,gull 7,l>us leucopt]us74 ,l4 #be2 ,w4 #af2 ,b4 #a4ge4 ,simil> 9 color to ,nos4 #db & #db4a1 b small]4 ,range4--,atlantic2 bre$s 9 ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? 9 ,am]ica to ,great ,lakes1 & r>ely1 ,long ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #dd4 #dd4 ,glauc\s-w+$ ,gull 7,l>us glaucesc5s74 ,l4 #bg4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,head1 tail1 & und]p>ts :ite2 back pe>l2 prim>ies pe>l1 tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,head & neck /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,yng4 ,br[ni% gray1 m or less mix$ ) :ite1 includ+ w+s & tail4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,briti% ,columbia to ,b]+ ,/raits2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #de4 #de4 ,kumli5 ,gull 7,l>us kumli5i74 ,w4 #af4b2 ,b4 #a4ge4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dc1 b prim>ies ) well def9$ a%y gray spaces2 out] prim>y tipp$ ) :ite1 ) a%y gray on out] web & %aft "p ( inn] web2 second prim>y a%y gray on only %aft "p ( out] web4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ 9 ,cumb]l& ,gulf2 s\? 9 w9t] to ! coa/ ( ! ,middle ,/ates4 7,a4,o4,u47 #df4 ,nelson ,gull 7,l>us nelsoni74 ,w+ #ah4be1 culm5 #b4ce4 ,ads4 ,9 plumage exactly l ,l4 kumli5i2 dep? ( bill ?r\gh angle 4#hj2 t>sus #c4je2 middle toe 7)\t claw7 #b4dj4 7,ridgway47 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,norton ,s\nd1 ,alaska4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #dg4 #dg4 ,great ,black-back$ ,gull 7,l>us m>9us74 ,l4 #bi4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,back & w+s slaty black2 w+ fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & neck /reak$ ) dusky4 ,yng4 ,back grayi% br[n m>g9$ ) buffy :ite2 rump :it]2 prim>ies black2 bel[ :ite m or less m>k$ ) dusky4 ,notes4 ,a bray+ ha-ha-ha1 a deep ke[1 ke[1 a %ort b>k+ note1 & a long-drawn groan1 v l\d & decid$ly impressive4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic & nor!rn ,europe2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f ,nova ,scotia to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,great ,lakes & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #dh4 #dh4 ,slaty-back$ ,gull 7,l>us s*i/isagus74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,g5]al appe>ance ( ,no4 #dg2 back light]2 prim>ies z figur$4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,head & neck /reak$4 ,yng4 ,above br[n m>g9$ ) buff & :ite2 prim>ies br[n2 tail br[n ) little or no mottl+2 bel[ br[n4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 *iefly on ! ,asiatic side2 ,h]ald ,isl&1 ,arctic ,ocean1 & ,alaskan coa/ ( ,b]+ ,sea4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #di4 #di4 ,we/]n ,gull 7,l>us occid5talis74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,head1 neck1 tail1 & und]p>ts :ite2 back slaty gray2 out] prim>ies black1 a l>ge :ite spot ne> tip ( fir/ "o4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,cr[n & h9d neck /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n mix$ ) :ite2 w+s & tail fusc\s4 ,notes4 ,oo,ae,aek1 oo,ae,aek1 oo,ae,aek2 ca-ca-ca1 & o!r calls4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s & w9t]s f ,l[] ,cali=nia to ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #eg4 #eg4 ,he]mann ,gull 7,l>us he]manni74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,bill r$2 head & ?roat :ite1 %ad+ into slate above & bel[2 tail blacki%1 tipp$ ) :ite2 prim>ies black4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,head & neck /reak$ ) grayi% br[n4 ,yng4 ,uni=m grayi% br[n4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,mazatlan1 ,mexico1 nor? to ,l[] ,cali=nia2 occurs regul>ly nor? to ,vanc\v] ,isl&2 w9t]s s\? to ,panama4 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,immature #ea4 ,h]r+ ,gull 7,l>us arg5tatus74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,:ite spaces at end ( out] prim>ies sometimes jo9$4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & neck1 /reak$ ) grayi%4 ,yng4 ,above a%y br[n1 m>g9$ & m>k$ ) buffy2 w+s br[ni% black2 tail ! same2 sometimes m>g9$ ) buffy2 bel[ a%y br[n1 sometimes lightly b>r$ or /reak$ ) dusky4 ,notes4 ,cack-cack-cack2 hah1 hah1 hah1 & o!r notes4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,am]ica f ,ma9e1 ,great ,lakes1 ,m9nesota1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,cuba & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #eb4 #eb4 ,vega ,gull 7,l>us veg,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ea1 b back said to be d>k]2 feet yell[4 ,range4--,b]+ ,sea & adjac5t wat]s2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,cali=nia & ,japan4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ec4 #ec4 ,cali=nia ,gull 7,l>us cali=nicus74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ed b l>g]2 a r$ spot ne> tip ( l[] m&ible2 :ite spot on out] prim>y1 l>g] & ne>] end4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ed b d>k]2 tail ne>ly uni=m fusc\s4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s *iefly 9 int]ior1 f ,utah to ,lat4 #fh;,a deg41 #cj'2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia to ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eh4 #eh4 ,laugh+ ,gull 7,l>us atricilla74 ,l4 #af4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,head d>k slate2 tail :ite2 bill ) r$di%4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & ?roat :ite ) grayi% on nape & beh9d eyes4 ,yng4 ,tail grayi% ) a broad black b&2 nape & back a%y br[n2 =ehead & "u p>ts :ite4 ,notes4 ,a nasal c[-ow1 also cuk-cuk-cuk1 & a high1 long-drawn laugh4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,texas & ,florida to ,ma9e & ,nova ,scotia2 r>e 9 int]ior2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ei4 #ei4 ,frankl9 ,gull 7,l>us frankl9i74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,brea/ ) a rosy t+e2 out] prim>ies ) wide black spaces ne> ends1 bord]$ at base & tip ) :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,head ma9ly :ite1 ) its sides & back grayi% dusky4 ,yng4 ,top & sides ( head & back grayi% br[n2 quills dusky1 tipp$ ) :ite2 tail ) subt]m9al b& ( dusky2 re/ ( tail1 "u p>ts1 =ehead1 & eyelids :ite4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,i[a & ,m9nesota nor?w>d to ,great ,be> ,lake2 w9t]s f we/ ,gulf ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fj4 #fj4 ,bonap>te ,gull 7,l>us philadelphia74 ,l4 #ad4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,out] web ( out] prim>ies & tip black2 inn] web & %aft :ite2 bill black4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b ?roat & head :ite1 its back grayi%4 ,yng4 ,tail :ite1 tipp$ ) black2 out] prim>y black1 inn] two-?irds ( inn] web & space ne> tip :ite2 re/ ( plumage mu* z 9 "y ( ,no4 #eh4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 int]ior f ,hudson ,bay & ,manitoba we/ to ! ,yukon2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,ma9e to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fa4 #fa4 ,ross ,gull 7,rhodo/e?ia rosea7 ,l4 #ac4e4 ,bill small1 4#g2 middle tail fea!rs longe/4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,:ite areas t+$ ) p9k2 a black coll>4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,no coll>2 a black spot be=e eye4 ,yng4 ,less] cov]ts black1 m>g9$ ) :iti%2 tail :ite1 c5tral fea!rs tipp$ ) black2 back pe>l2 e> spot & space ab\t eye dusky2 cr[n :ite1 wa%$ ) pe>l4 ,range4--,arctic regions2 s\? 9 autumn & w9t] to ,kam*atka1 ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska & ,disco ,bay1 ,gre5l&4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #fb4 #fb4 ,sab9e ,gull 7,xema sab9ii74 ,l4 #ad4 ,tail slightly =k$4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,head & ?roat slaty black1 m>g9$ beh9d ) black2 bill black1 tipp$ ) yell[2 out] prim>ies black1 small tip & inn] half ( inn] web :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & ?roat :ite2 nape region dusky4 ,yng4 ,tail :ite1 tipp$ ) black2 cr[n & back a%y br[n2 =ehead & und]p>ts :ite4 ,notes4 ,a s+le h>% grat+ note4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,arctic regions3 bre$s 9 ,am]ica f ,/4 ,mi*aels1 ,alaska & ,melville ,bay1 ,gre5l&1 nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? on ,atlantic coa/1 r>ely to ,new ,york2 casually to ,texas1 & on ,pacific coa/ to ,p]u4 ,t]ns ,illu/ration3 #fd4 #fd4 ,caspian ,t]n 7,/]na caspia74 ,l4 #ba4 ,t4 #f41 =k$ #a4e4 ,l>ge/ ( our ,t]ns4 ,ads41 bre$+4 ,bill r$2 cap black2 above pe>l2 bel[-:ite2 prim>ies fro/y black4 ,aft] bre$+1 cr[n /reak$ black & :ite2 bill m orange4 ,yng4 ,simil> to la/ b w+s & tail ) blacki%4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 h>% kay-awk or key-rak4 ,range4--,cosmopolitan2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 locally f ,texas to ,newf\ndl& & ,great ,slave ,lake2 w9t]s mo/ly s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 ?ree ,cali=nia w9t] records4 ,illu/ration3 #fe4 #fe4 ,royal ,t]n 7,/]na maxima74 ,l4 #ai2 ,t4 #g1 =k$ #c4e2 ,b4 #b4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,prim>ies fro/y black1 :ite on inn] two-?irds ( inn] web except at tip1 :]e fro/y2 bill orange r$2 cr[n black2 above pe>l2 bel[ :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,! same1 b head :ite ) black /reaks4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad4 b w+s & tail ) grayi%4 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica2 bre$s f s\!rn ,brazil & ,p]u to ,gulf ,/ates1 ,virg9ia1 & ,cali=nia2 w&]s nor? to ,great ,lakes & ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #ff4 #ff4 ,elegant ,t]n 7,/]na elegans74 ,l4 #af4e2 ,b4 #b4g4 ,simil> to ,no4 #fe1 b small]2 bill long] & m sl5d]4 ,ads4 ,t+$ ) %ell p9k bel[4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ( ,am]ica f ,cali=nia to ,*ili4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #fg4 #fg4 ,cabot ,t]n 7,/]na s&vic5sis acuflavida74 ,l4 #af2 ,t4 #e4e1 =k$ #b4g4 ,ads41 bre$+4 ,bill black1 ! tip yell[2 cr[n black2 above pe>l2 bel[ :ite2 prim>ies mu* z 9 ,no4 #fe4 ,aft] bre$+1 head :ite2 nape ) black /reaks4 ,yng4 ,simil> to la/ b ) back & tail ) blacki%2 tip ( bill less yell[4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s on ea/ side ( ,mexico nor? along ,gulf ,coa/ to ,florida1 & ,atlantic coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w&]s to ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fc4 #fc4 ,gull-bill$ ,t]n 7,gelo*elidon nilotica74 ,l4 #ad4e2 ,t4 #e4e4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,bill ?ick1 %ort1 black2 tail %ort1 =k$ only #a4e2 cr[n black2 above pe>l2 bel[ :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,head :ite1 ) black pat* be=e & beh9d eye4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b above edg$ ) buffy2 head & neck /reak$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,a high1 ?91 some:at re$y tee-tee-tee1 sometimes sugge/+ a weak-voic$ katydid4 ,range4--,cosmopolitan2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica f ,mexico to ,florida & nor? to ,virg9ia2 w&]s nor? r>ely to ,new ,brunswick2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,texas s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #gc4 #gc4 ,aleutian ,t]n 7,/]na aleutica74 ,l4 #ad4 ,t4 #f4g1 =k$ #c4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above & bel[ pe>l gray1 br[n] bel[2 ?roat :ite2 cr[n black2 =ehead :ite2 l9e f bill to eye black4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,) r m :ite on =ehead4 7,cat4 ,b4 ,m47 ,notes4 ,a ?91 cle>1 trill+ :i/le4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,alaska f ,kadiak to ,b]+ ,/rait1 s\?we/ to ,japan4 ,illu/ration3 #gd4 #gd4 ,lea/ ,t]n 7,/]na antill>um74 ,l4 #i2 ,t4 #c4e1 =k$ #a4g4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,bill yell[1 black at tip2 =ehead :ite2 a black l9e f bill to eye2 cr[n black2 above pe>l2 bel[ :ite4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,cr[n :ite2 nape black2 bill d>k2 tail %ort]4 ,yng4 ,simil> to la/1 b above ) buffy or br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,a %>p squeak mu* l ! cry ( a v "y pig foll[+ its "m4 ,range4--,we/]n hemisph]e2 bre$s locally f nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica nor?w>d to ,massa*usetts1 ,dakota1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #gf4 #gf4 ,bridl$ ,t]n 7,/]na an,a!tus74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,=ehead & l9e ov] eye :ite2 lores & cr[n black2 nape :iti%2 back sooty gray or sooty br[n2 out] tail fea!rs :ite1 except at tip2 inn] ones grayi% br[n4 ,notes4 ,a s(t qua4 ,range4--,tropical regions2 nor? 9 ,atlantic to ! ,bahamas2 casual 9 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #fi4 #fi4 ,=/] ,t]n 7,/]na =/]i74 ,l4 #ae2 ,t4 #g1 =k$4 #d4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,inn] web ( out] tail fea!r dusky2 bel[ pure :ite2 bill orange1 blacki% at end2 cr[n black2 back pe>l4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,cr[n :ite or grayi%2 a l>ge black spot ab\t eyes2 bill black4 ,yng4 ,simil> to w9t] ad4 b above ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,a long drawn1 deep1 re$y cack & tweet-tweet-tweet-tweet4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally nor? to ,cali=nia1 & f ,texas along coa/ to ,virg9ia & 9 int]ior to ,manitoba2 w&]s to ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,texas s\? to ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #gj4 #gj4 ,common ,t]n 7,/]na hirundo74 ,l4 #ae2 ,t4 #e4e1 =k$1 #c4b ,ads41 summ]4 ,out] web ( out] tail fea!r dusky2 bel[ :ite1 wa%$ ) dusky2 bill r$1 blacki% at end2 cr[n black2 back pe>l4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,=ehead & und]p>ts :ite2 bill black4 ,yng4 ,simil> to la/1 b above ) br[ni%2 tail %ort]4 ,notes4 ,a vibrant1 purr+1 te>rr1 & o!r calls4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica1 *iefly ea/ ( ,pla9s2 bre$s locally on coa/ & 9 int]ior f ,gulf ,/ates to ,b>r5 ,gr\nds & ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #ga4 #ga4 ,arctic ,t]n 7,/]na paradis,aa74 ,l4 #ae4e2 ,t4 #g4b =k$ #d4e4 ,simil> to ,no4 #gj1 b summ] ad4 ) bill :olly bright r$2 tail long]2 t>sus %ort]1 4#f in/ead ( 4#g4 ,notes4 ,l te>r ( ,no4 #gj1 b %rill]1 end+ 9 ris+ inflection1 l squeal ( a pig4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s f ,massa*usetts nor? to ,gre5l& & nor?we/ to ,aleutian ,isl&s & ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,cali=nia & ,virg9ia4 ,illu/ration3 #gb4 #gb4 ,roseate ,t]n 7,/]na d\galli74 ,l4 #ae4e2 ,t4 #g4e1 =k$1 #e4b4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,bill black1 r$di% only at ! base2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) %ell p9k2 tail :olly :ite2 cr[n black2 back pe>l4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,=ehead ) :ite2 no p9k bel[4 ,notes4 ,a re$y cack4 ,range4--,temp]ate & tropical regions2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica on ea/ coa/ only1 f ,florida nor? to ,nova ,scotia2 r>e nor? ( ,virg9ia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,v5ezuela4 ,illu/ration3 ,foot ( ,no4 #gj ,nat size ,illu/ration3 ,foot ( ,no4 #ga ,natural size ,t]ns & ,skimm] ,illu/ration3 #ge4 #ge4 ,sooty ,t]n 7,/]na fulig9osa74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,above blacki%1 =ehead & und]p>ts :ite2 tail black1 except out] fea!rs :i* are mo/ly :ite4 ,yng4 ,sooty slate2 l9+s ( w+s :ite2 scapul>s1 upp] tail cov]ts1 & tail fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a squeaky quack1 a nasal k]-wacky-wak1 & o!r calls4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical coa/s ( ! globe4 ,9 ,am]ica f ,*ili to we/]n ,mexico & ! ,c>ol9as1 & casually to ,new ,engl&4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gg4 #gg4 ,black ,t]n 7,hydro*elidon nigra sur9am5sis74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads41 summ]4 ,head & und]p>ts black2 back1 w+s1 & tail slate4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,=ehead1 nape1 & und]p>ts :ite2 head gray4 ,yng4 ,simil> to la/1 b above ) br[ni% m>g9s4 ,notes4 ,a %>p peek4 ,range4--,temp]ate & tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 int]ior f ,cali=nia1 ,kansas1 & ,ill9ois to ,alaska2 irregul> migrant on ,atlantic coa/ f ,new ,brunswick s\?w>d2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,*ili4 ,illu/ration3 #gi4 #gi4 ,noddy 7,an\s /olidus74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,cr[n silv]y :ite2 re/ ( plumage sooty br[n4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b all sooty br[n except :ite l9e f bill to eye4 ,notes4 ,a l[ re$y cack increas+ to a ho>se1 guttural k-r-r-r-r-r-r-r4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical regions2 9 ,am]ica f ,brazil & ,*ili nor? to ! ,gulf & ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #hj4 #hj4 ,black ,skimm] 7,ryn*ops nigra74 ,l4 #ah4 ,ads4 ,l[] m&ible long] ?an upp]2 =ehead1 und]p>ts1 "p ( second>ies1 & tail :ite2 re/ ( plumage black4 ,yng4 ,plumage widely m>g9$ ) buffy4 ,notes4 ,v>i$1 nasal1 p5ny-trumpet-l2 also ca-y1 ca-y1 l a h\nd's voice4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 *iefly ea/]n2 bre$s f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d2 w&]s r>ely to ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,ord] ,,iii4 ,,tube-,,nos$ ,,swimm]s4 ,,tub9>es4 ,family #a4 ,,albatrosses4 ,diomedeid,a4 #d species4 ,family #b4 ,,fulm>s1 ,,%e>wat]s1 & ,,petrels4 ,procellariid,a4 #bf species1 #a subspecies4 ,! ,albatrosses1 ( :i* ab\t t5 species are kn[n1 are birds ( f> s\!rn seas1 :]e !y ne/ on isolat$ isl&s4 ,aft] ! "y are re>$1 sev]al species migrate nor?w>d & are f\nd (f our ,pacific coa/4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n species1 ! ,w&]+ ,albatross1 :i* has be5 made fam\s by ,col]idge's ,rime ( ! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 measures f twelve to f\rte5 feet 9 expanse ( w+1 &1 l o!r memb]s ( ?is family1 is a tireless ocean w&]]4 ,9 ! museum ( ,br[n ,univ]sity1 !re is a m\nt$ ,w&]+ ,albatross1 kill$ (f ! coa/ ( ,*ili by ,capt4 ,hiram ,lu!r1 ,decemb] #bj1 #ahdg4 ,:5 captur$1 a small bottle 0 f\nd ti$ ar\nd ! bird's neck1 conta9+ a slip ( pap] f :i* x 0 le>n$ t ! bottle _h be5 atta*$ to ! bird ,decemb] #ab1 #ahdg1 by ,capt4 ,edw>ds ( ! ,new ,b$=d ,:al]1 ,euphrates1 :5 ab\t #hjj miles (f ! coa/ ( ,new ,zeal&1 or ab\t #c1djj miles f ! po9t at :i*1 eight days lat]1 ! bird 0 secur$4 ,! ,fulm>s1 7g5us ,fulm>us71 are nor!rn birds & ne/ 9 imm5se numb]s on isolat$ islets1 some:at l c]ta9 ,gulls4 ,comp>atively little is kn[n ( ! ne/+ places ( our ,%e>wat]s1 b x is believ$ t mo/ ( !m bre$ on ! isl&s ( ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,s\? ,pacific1 & pass _! w9t]1 7our summ]7 (f our coa/s4 ,"o ( ! ,petrels1 7,wilson ,petrel71 is kn[n to h ?is habit4 ,x has be5 f\nd ne/+ on ,k]guel5 ,isl&1 9 ,s4 ,lat4 #di;,a deg4 #ed'1 9 ,febru>y1 & 9 ,may x appe>s (f our coa/s = ! summ]4 ,petrels ne/ 9 holes 9 ! gr\nd1 lay+ "o :ite egg4 ,!y are nev] se5 ne> _! homes dur+ ! day1 ! bird !n on ! ne/ wait+ until night to fe$1 :5 ! "o :i* has be5 at sea returns to assume its %>e ( ! task ( incubation4 ,^? birds are !re=e bo? diurnal & nocturnal4 ,albatrosses ,illu/ration3 #ha4 #ha4 ,black-foot$ ,albatross 7,diom$ea nigripes74 ,l4 #cb4 ,ads4 ,sooty br[n1 light] bel[2 region ab\t base ( bill :iti%2 upp] m&ible broad & r\nd$ at its base4 ,notes4 ,a :9+ groan1 utt]$ :5 conte/+ = food4 7,turn]74 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 nor? to ,lat4 #eb;,a deg42 s\? at lea/ to ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #hb4 #hb4 ,%ort-tail$ ,albatross 7,diom$ea albatrus74 ,l4 #cf4 ,ads4 ,:ite2 ! head /raw2 tail & prim>ies gray br[n2 upp] m&ible broad & r\nd$ at base4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 nor? to ,b]+ ,/rait2 s\?1 at lea/1 to ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #hb4a4 #hb4a4 ,laysan ,albatross 7,diom$ea immutabilis74 ,l4 #cb4 ,ads4 ,head1 neck1 rump1 upp] tail cov]ts1 & :ole "u surface :ite2 lores next to ! eye sooty black2 back1 w+s1 & end ( ! tail d>k sooty br[n2 int]scapul> region pal]2 base ( ! tail :iti%4 7,cat4 ,b4 ,m47 ,range4--,laysan ,isl&1 ,pacific ,ocean2 casual (f ! coa/ ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #hc4 ,yell[-nos$ ,albatross 7,?alassog]on culm9atus74 ,l4 #cf4 ,ads4 ,above slate br[n1 gray] on head2 rump :ite2 bel[ :ite2 neck sometimes grayi%2 tail gray4 ,range4--,indian & s\!rn ,pacific ,oceans2 casual (f ! coa/ ( ,oregon2 accid5tal 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #hd4 #hd4 ,sooty ,albatross 7,ph,abetria fulig9osa74 ,l4 #ce4 ,ads4 ,sides ( l[] m&ible conspicu\sly groov$2 entire plumage sooty br[n1 except a :ite eye-r+4 ,range4--,oceans ( s\!rn hemisph]e1 nor? to ! coa/ ( ,oregon4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bills ,,view$ ,,f ,,above 7#hd & #ha7 ,fulm>s & ,%e>wat]s ,illu/ration3 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,bill ( #hf #a_/b ,size4 ,illu/ration3 #hf4 ,gray ,phase #hf4 ,fulm> 7,fulm>us glacialis74 ,l4 #ai2 ,w4 #ac2 ,b4 #a4e4 ,ads4 ,light phase4 ,head1 neck1 & "u p>ts :ite2 back1 w+s1 & tail slaty gray4 ,d>k phase4 ,uni=m d>k slaty gray4 ,notes4 ,sil5t4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic1 bre$s f ,lat4 #fi;,a deg4 nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,lat4 ( ,massa*usetts1 & r>ely to ,virg9ia4 #hf;b4 ,pacific ,fulm> 7,f4 g4 glupis*a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #hf1 b nasal tubes light4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,b]+ ,sea nor?2 w9t]s s\? to ,mexico4 #hf4a4 ,rodg] ,fulm> 7,fulm>us rodg]sii74 ,simil> to light phase ( ,no4 #hf1 b back ) :ite fea!rs2 no d>k phase4 ,range4--,b]+ ,sea & adjac5t p>ts ( ,nor? ,pacific4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #hg4 ,illu/ration3 ,bill ( #hg #a_/bze4 #hg4 ,sl5d]-bill$ ,fulm> 7,priocella glacialoides74 ,l4 #ah4e4 ,ads4 ,head & und]p>ts :ite2 back & tail pe>l2 prim>ies black1 :ite on inn] web4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,seas2 nor? on ,pacific coa/ to ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 #id4 ,illu/ration3 ,bill ( #id #a_/b ,size4 #id4 ,sooty ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us fulig9osus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads4 ,sooty gray1 light] bel[4 ,range4--,atlantic ,ocean1 bre$+ 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 a summ] visitor (f our coa/1 f ,s\? ,c>ol9a nor?w>d4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ie4 #ie4 ,d>k-bodi$ ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us griseus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads4 ,above dusky black or br[ni%1 pal] bel[2 "u w+ cov]ts :ite & dusky2 bill black4 ,range4--,s\? ,pacific2 nor? 9 summ] on ! ,am]ican coa/ to ,cali=nia4 #if4a4 ,w$ge-tail$ ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us cuneatus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,t4 #e4d1 po9t$4 ,ads4 ,above br[n2 bel[ :ite2 sides ( neck mottl$ ) gray2 middle tail fea!rs ne>ly #b4 long] ?an lat]al ones4 7,cat4 ,b4 ,m47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific ,ocean1 f ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s nor? to ! ,bon9 ,gr\p & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,%e>wat]s ,illu/ration3 #hh4 #hh4 ,cory ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us borealis74 ,l4 #ba4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n2 bel[1 includ+ "u w+ cov]ts & "u tail cov]ts1 :ite4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 record$ only (f ! coa/ f ,massa*usetts to ,long ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #hi4 #hi4 ,great] ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us gravis74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n or blacki%2 tips ( long] upp] tail cov]ts :ite2 bel[ :ite2 middle ( belly & "u tail cov]ts a%y gray4 ,range4--,atlantic ,ocean1 f ,cape ,horn & ,cape ( ,good ,hope nor? to ,arctic ,circle4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ia4 #ia4 ,p9k-foot$ ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us creatopus74 ,l4 #ai4e4 ,ads4 ,above dusky gray or br[n2 bel[ :ite2 sides & l[] belly ) grayi%2 long] "u tail cov]ts dusky br[n2 feet1 fle%-color2 bill yell[i%4 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean nor? on ! ,am]ican coa/ 9 summ] & fall to middle ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ib4 #ib4 ,audubon ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us lh]m9i]i74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,above black or br[ni% black2 bel[ :ite2 "u tail cov]ts sooty4 ,range4--,middle ,atlantic2 bre$s 9 ,we/ ,indies & ,bahamas2 w&]s nor? to ,long ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #ic4 #ic4 ,black-v5t$ ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us opi/homelas74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,above dusky black2 bel[ :ite2 sides ( brea/ grayi%2 "u tail cov]ts dusky br[n2 bill black4 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean1 *iefly s\?w>d2 coa/ ( ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4 7,a4,o4,u47 #ic4a4 ,t[ns5d ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us auricul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ic1 b bill & feet small]1 ,b4 #a4b2 above d>k]1 ne>ly black2 black ( head ext5d+ bel[ eye4 7,t[ns5d47 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean 7,cl>ion ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia74 ,illu/ration3 #if4 #if4 ,sl5d]-bill$ ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us t5uiro/ris74 ,l4 #ac41 bill sl5d] #a4b ,ads4 ,above d>k sooty slate2 b5ea? deep sooty gray1 pal] on ?roat :]e sometimes incl9+ to :iti%4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific1 f ,japan & ,kotzebue ,s\nd s\? on ! ,am]ican coa/ to middle ,cali=nia4 ,petrels ,illu/ration3 #ih4 #ih4 ,black-capp$ ,petrel 7,a/relata hasitata74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,above sooty br[n2 back ( neck & upp] tail cov]ts :ite2 base ( tail :ite4 ,range4--,tropical ,atlantic2 irregul> 9 ,unit$ ,/ates 7,florida1 ,virg9ia1 ,new ,york1 ,k5tucky1 ,v]mont1 & ,ont>io47 ,illu/ration3 #ajc4 #ajc4 ,lea/ ,petrel 7,halocypt5a microsoma74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,sooty blacki% br[n1 light] bel[4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,l[] ,cali=nia s\? to ,panama4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aje4 #aje4 ,=k$-tail$ ,petrel 7,oceanodroma furcata74 ,l4 #h4 #g4 ,ads4 ,tail =k$2 blui% gray1 w+s d>k]2 a blacki% space ab\t eye4 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s 9 ,aleutian ,isl&s2 record$ nor? to ,b]+ ,/rait2 w9t]s s\? to ,cali=nia4 #aje4a4 ,ka$+ ,petrel 7,oceanodroma ka$+i74 ,w4 #f4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,o4 leucorrhoa1 b mu* small] ) mu* less deeply =k$ tail4 7,an?ony47 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean2 7,socorro ,isl&s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia47 ,illu/ration3 #ajh4 #ajh4 ,a%y ,petrel 7,oceanodroma homo*roa74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,ads4 ,no :ite on rump2 tail =k$2 sooty black above1 br[n] bel[2 w+ cov]ts grayi%4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,cali=nia2 bre$s on ! ,santa ,b>b>a & ,f>allone ,isl&s4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ajd4 #ajd4 ,/ormy ,petrel2 ,"m ,c>ey's ,*ick5 7,procell>ia pelagica74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,sooty black1 br[n] bel[2 upp] tail cov]ts :ite1 tipp$ ) black4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 w9t]s s\? to we/]n ,africa & ,new ,brunswick4 ,illu/ration3 #ajf4 #ajf4 ,lea* ,petrel2 ,/ormy ,petrel 7,oceanodroma leucorhoa74 ,l4 #h41 ,w4 #f4b4 ,ads4 ,tail =k$2 above sooty br[ni% black2 bel[ br[n]2 less] w+ cov]ts grayi% br[n2 long] upp] tail cov]ts n tipp$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,an elf9-l cr[ ( eight notes4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic & ,nor? ,pacific2 bre$s f ,ma9e to ,gre5l& & f ,f>allone to ,aleutian ,isl&s2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia & ,cali=nia4 #ajf4a4 ,guadalupe ,petrel 7,oceanodroma macrodactyla74 ,l4 #h4d2 ,w4 #f4d2 ,t4 #c4i1 =k #a 94 deep4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,o4 leucorhoa1 b ) mu* long] & m deeply =k$ tail1 l>g] feet1 %ort] bill1 & v broad dusky tips to ! upp] tail cov]ts4 7,ridgw4 9 ,cat4 ,b4 ,m47 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean2 7,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia47 ,illu/ration3 #ajg4 #ajg4 ,black ,petrel 7,oceanodroma melania47 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,sooty black1 pal] bel[2 w+-cov]ts grayi%1 tail =k$4 ,range4--,s\? ,pacific1 nor? to ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s2 bre$s on ,coronados ,isl&s1 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #ajh4a ,socorro ,petrel 7,oceanodroma socorro5sis74 ,w4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ajh1 b w+s long]2 tail %ort] & less deeply =k$2 sides ( rump :iti%2 no :ite on "u surface ( w+4 7,t[ns47 ,range4--,pacific ,ocean2 7,socorro ,isl&1 s\!rn ,cali=nia47 ,illu/ration3 #aji4 #aji4 ,wilson ,petrel2 ,/ormy ,petrel 7,oceanites oceanicus74 ,l4 #g4 ,ads4 ,webs ( feet ) yell[ pat*3 tail n =k$2 long] upp] tail cov]ts n tipp$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,a weak weet1 weet1 & a ho>se *att]+ patret-tu-cuk-cuk-tu-tu4 7,wilson47 ,range4--,atlantic ,ocean2 bre$s 9 ,s\!rn seas1 7,k]guel5 ,isl& 9 ,febru>y71 & migrates nor? to ,newf\ndl&1 sp5d+ summ] (f coa/ ( ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ord] ,,iv4 ,,totipalmate ,,swimm]s4 ,,/eganopodes4 ,family #a4 ,,tropic ,,birds4 ,pha,athontid,a4 #b species4 ,family #b4 ,,gannets4 ,sulid,a4 #f species4 ,family #c4 ,,d>t]s4 ,anhingid,a4 #a species4 ,family #d4 ,,cormorants4 ,phalacrocoracid,a4 #f species1 #e subspecies4 ,family #e4 ,,pelicans4 ,pelecanid,a4 #c species4 ,family #f4 ,,man-,o'-,,w>-,,birds4 ,fregatid,a4 #a ,species4 ,! memb]s ( ?is ,ord] agree 9 hav+ all f\r toes connect$ by webs1 b 9 o!r respects !y diff] widely 9 /ructure &1 consequ5tly1 9 habit4 ,! "y ( all ! ,/eganopodes are born nak$1 unlike ! "y ( mo/ ( ! o!r wat] birds1 :i*1 z a rule1 are hat*$ cov]$ ) fea!rs & c swim or run ab\t soon aft] bir?4 ,! ne/s ( ! ,/eganopodes are1 ( necessity1 !re=e1 m complex /ructures ?an ^? ( birds ^: ne/s are m]ely incubators & n cradles z well4 ,tropic ,birds resemble ! l>g] ,t]ns1 :5 9 ! air1 b _! w+ /rokes are m rapid4 ,!y usually ne/ 9 holes 9 ! face ( cliffs1 & lay "o :iti% egg1 m>k$ ) *ocolate4 ,gannets are true sea birds1 b1 z a rule1 d n live v f> f ! l&4 ,:5 bre$+1 ,gannets are usually associat$ 9 great numb]s4 ,_! ne/s1 z a rule1 are plac$ on ! gr\nd or on cliffs1 & "o or two *alky :ite eggs are laid4 ,at ?is season ! birds are exce$+ly tame & 9 localities :]e !y h n be5 mu* mole/$1 "o may walk ab\t among ! sitt+ birds )\t _! tak+ flight4 ,gannets are p[]ful birds on ! w+4 ,_! vigor\s w+ /rokes are int]rupt$ at int]vals by %ort sails4 ,!y fe$ on fi% :i* !y capture by div+ f ! air4 ,! ,d>t]s or ,anh+as numb] f\r species1 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! tropical p>ts ( ! globe1 only "o species inhabit+ ,am]ica4 ,?is is g5]ally call$ ! ,snakebird or ,wat] ,turkey 9 ,florida1 :]e x is a common species on ! m isolat$ riv]s & lakes4 ,! "n ,snakebird is d]iv$ f ! bird's habit ( swimm+ ) ! body subm]g$1 :5 ! long1 s9u\s neck1 appe>+ above ! wat]1 readily sugge/s a snake4 ,at o!r times ,snakebirds m\nt high 9 ! air & sail ab\t1 l ,hawks1 9 wide circles4 ,!y build a l>ge1 well-made ne/ 9 a bu% or tree1 g5]ally ov] ! wat]1 & lay f\r blui% :ite1 *alky eggs4 ,cormorants ne/ 9 l>ge colonies1 g5]ally on isolat$ islets1 b sometimes 9 remote swamps4 ,! ne/s are plac$ closely toge!r on ! gr\nd1 9 bu%es1 & less frequ5tly 9 trees1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! bird's haunts4 ,cormorants fe$ on fi% :i* !y cat* by pursu+ !m "u ! wat]4 ,!y dive f ! surface ( ! wat] l ,ducks1 or f a l[ p]*1 b n f ! air1 z d ! ,gannets4 ,pelicans ne/ 9 colonies1 g5]ally on "s small isl&1 build+ _! ne/s on ! gr\nd or 9 bu%es1 & lay+ two or ?ree l>ge1 :ite1 *alky eggs4 ,br[n ,pelicans secure _! food by plung+ on x f ! air1 g5]ally f ab\t tw5ty feet above ! wat]4 ,! sides ( ! bill are !n b[$ outw>d1 ! op5+ wid5$1 =m+1 ) ! p\*1 an effective net 9 :i* fi%1 twelve & f\rte5 in*es long1 are captur$4 ,:ite ,pelicans1 on ! contr>y1 fe$ f ! wat]1 scoop+ up fi%es z !y swim4 ,at times a flock ( ^! birds may surr\nd a s*ool ( small fi% 9 %all[ wat] & drive !m %orew>d1 at ! same "t actively fill+ _! p\*es4 ,"y ,pelicans are f$ on fi% :i* !y take f ! p\* ( ! p>5t bird by ?ru/+ _! bills & heads well into x & prodd+ actively ab\t = ! food to be f\nd !re4 ,"y ,cormorants secure _! food 9 a simil> mann]4 ,frigate ,birds1 ( :i* only two species are kn[n1 h a great] expanse ( w+ 9 proportion to ! weight ( _! body ?an any o!r bird4 ,_! p[] ( flight is consequ5tly unexcell$ & !y may sp5d days 9 ! air )\t tir+4 ,_! feet are z weak z _! w+s are /rong1 & are ( use only 9 p]*+4 ,! food ( ,frigate ,birds consi/s *iefly ( fi%1 :i* !y cat* f ne> ! surface ( ! wat]1 or rob f ,gulls & ,t]ns by pursu+ !m1 =c+ !m to disgorge _! prey1 & cat*+ x ere x rea*es ! wat]4 ,tropic ,birds & ,gannet ,illu/ration3 #aab4 #aab4 ,yell[-bill$ ,tropic ,bird 7,pha,a?on am]icanus74 ,l4 #cj2 ,t4 #ai4 ,ads4 ,bill yell[2 no b>s above2 middle tail fea!rs l5g!n$4 ,yng4 ,above b>r$ ) black2 middle tail fea!rs n l5g!n$4 ,range4--,tropical coa/s2 bre$s 9 ,we/ ,indies1 ,bahamas & ,b]mudas2 casual 9 ,florida2 accid5tal 9 we/]n ,new ,york & ,nova ,scotia4 ,illu/ration3 #aac4 #aac4 ,r$-bill$ ,tropic ,bird 7,pha,a?on ,a!reus74 ,l4 #cj2 ,t4 #bj4 ,ads4 ,bill r$2 above b>r$ ) black2 long middle tail fea!rs pure :ite4 ,range4--,coa/s ( tropical ,am]ica1 nor? on ! ,pacific coa/ to ,cape ,colnett1 ,l[] ,cali=nia2 accid5tal on ! ,newf\ndl& ,banks4 ,bre$s on ,san ,p$ro ,m>tir & o!r ,isl&s 9 ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aag4 ,illu/ration3 #aag4 ,immature4 #aag4 ,gannet 7,sula bassana74 ,l4 #ce4 ,ads4 ,:ite2 head & neck t+$ ) /raw2 prim>ies blacki%4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n ) :ite spots4 ,notes4 ,a h>% gor-r-r-rok4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 bre$s1 9 ,am]ica1 only on ,bird ,rock & ,bonav5ture ,isl&s1 ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce2 w9t]s (f ! coa/1 s\? to ,florida4 ,boobies ,illu/ration3 #aad4 #aad4 ,blue-fac$ ,booby 7,sula cyanops74 ,l4 #bh4 ,ads4 ,body & less] w+ cov]ts :ite2 c5tral tail fea!rs :iti%1 o!rs d>k br[n4 ,yng4 ,above pla9 d>k grayi% br[n ) "s grayi% /reaks2 bel[ :ite2 flanks /reak$ ) grayi%4 ,range4--,tropical seas2 nor? 9 ,am]ica to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,bahamas2 casual 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #aad4a4 #aad4a4 ,blue-foot$ ,booby 7,sula neb\xii74 ,l4 #cc4 ,ads4 ,head1 neck1 & und]p>ts :ite1 ! fir/ two /reak$ ) grayi%2 back dusky br[ni%1 tipp$ ) :iti%2 legs & feet bright blue4 7,goss47 ,range3--,pacific coa/ ( ,am]ica1 f ,gulf ( ,cali=nia to ,galapagos & ,*ili4 7,cat4 ,b4 ,m47 ,illu/ration3 #aae4 ,illu/ration3 #aae4 ,immature4 #aae4 ,booby 7,sula sula74 ,l4 #cj4 ,ads4 ,brea/ & belly :ite2 bill & feet yell[4 ,yng4 ,entirely br[ni%1 light] bel[2 bill blacki%2 feet yell[4 ,notes4 ,a h>%1 guttural bork1 hork4 7,audubon74 ,range4--,atlantic coa/s ( tropical & subtropical ,am]ica1 nor? to ,georgia4 ,also1 ,we/ ,pacific & ,indian ,oceans4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,accid5tal on ,long ,isl&4 ,no ,unit$ ,/ates bre$+ record4 #aae4a4 ,brew/] ,booby 7,sula brew/]i74 ,l4 #cj4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #aae1 b head & neck pal]1 bill blue1 feet gre5i%4 ,range1--,coa/s & ,isl&s ( ! ea/]n s\? ,pacific ,ocean1 nor? to ,l[] ,cali=nia2 bre$+ z f> nor? z ,georges ,isl& at ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 #aaf4 ,r$-foot$ ,booby 7,sula piscator74 ,l4 #bh4 ,feet r$di%4 ,ads4 ,:ite2 head & nape /raw color2 prim>ies ho>y grayi% br[n2 tail :ite4 ,yng4 ,above sooty br[n2 head1 neck1 & l[] p>ts light smoky gray4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,tropical seas1 except ,pacific coa/ ( ,am]ica 7,cat4 ,b4 ,m472 nor? 9 ,atlantic to ,bahamas &1 r>ely1 s\!rn ,florida4 ,cormorants ,illu/ration3 #aai4 ,bre$+ ,plumage #aai4 ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax c>bo74 ,l4 #cf2 ,t4 #g4e1 ( #ad fea!rs4 ,ads4 ,*9 & sides ( ?roat :iti%2 back glossy br[ni%1 di/9ctly m>g9$ ) black2 bel[ uni=m %9+ black4 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,head & ?roat ) :ite plumes2 a :ite pat* on flanks4 ,yng4 ,belly :ite2 above olive grayi% br[n1 m>g9$ ) black2 ?roat :iti%2 neck br[ni%4 ,range4--,nor? ,atlantic2 bre$s f ,nova ,scotia to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,c>ol9as4 ,illu/ration3 #abj4 ,bre$+ ,plumage #abj4 ,d\ble-cre/$ ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax dilophus74 ,l4 #cj2 ,w4 #ab4e2 ,t4 #f4b1 ( #ab fea!rs4 ,ads4 ,back br[ni% ) di/9ct black m>g9s2 bel[ %9+ black4 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,) tufts on ei!r side ( head black1 sometimes mix$ ) :ite2 ?roat p\* orange4 ,yng4 ,back br[n]2 head1 neck1 & l[] belly br[n2 brea/ :iti%4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally f ,bay ( ,fundy1 ,m9nesota1 ,nor? ,dakota1 nor?w>d2 we/ to ,ass9iboia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,virg9ia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #abj;a4 #abj;a4 ,florida ,cormorant 7,p4 d4 floridanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #abj1 b black] & small]4 ,l4 #be4 ,range4--,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & s\!rn ,ill9ois4 #abj;b4 ,:ite-cre/$ ,cormorant 7,p4 d4 c9c9atus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #abj1 b l>g]1 ,l4 #cf2 nuptial cre/s :ite4 ,range4--,pacific coa/s2 bre$s 9 ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,cali=nia4 #abj;c4 ,f>allone ,cormorant 7,p4 d4 albociliatus74 ,simil> to #abj;b41 b small]1 ,l4 #bh4 ,range4--,bre$s on ,cali=nia coa/ & 9 int]ior1 s\? to ,socorro ,isl&4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #aba ,bre$+ ,plumage #aba4 ,mexican ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax mexicanus74 ,l4 #be4 ,w4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,n>r[ bord] at base ( p\* :ite4 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,neck ) :ite plumes4 ,yng4 ,head & h9dneck br[ni%2 back grayi%1 m>g9$ ) black2 ?roat1 =5eck & brea/ br[ni% :ite2 belly black4 ,range4--,bre$s ,9 ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica to we/ ,gulf ,/ates2 nor? 9 summ] r>ely to ,kansas & s\!rn ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,h9d ,toe4 ,out] ,toe4 ,foot ( ,cormorant4 ,illu/ration3 #abb4 ,bre$+ ,plumage4 #abb4 ,br&t ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax p5icillatus74 ,l4 #ce2 ,t4 #f4 ,*9 & sides ( ?roat buffy :ite or br[ni%4 ,ads4 ,above blue black1 fa9tly m>g9$ ) black2 bel[ gre5 black4 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,) :ite1 hair-l plumes f back & neck2 no :ite on flanks2 ?roat p\* blue4 ,yng4 ,above d>k br[n2 ?roat & belly :iti%2 brea/ & sides br[n4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,cape ,/4 ,lucas to ,wa%+ton2 resid5t4 #abc4 ,pelagic ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax pelagicus74 ,l4 #bh2 ,w4 #aj2 ,t4 #f4b4 ,=ehead fea!r$2 back fea!rs n m>g9$4 ,ads4 ,above glossy gre5 & purpli% black2 bel[ bottle gre54 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,) :ite plumes on neck & rump & :ite pat*es on flanks2 nape & =ehead1 cre/$4 ,yng4 ,above gre5i% dusky br[n1 less gre5 bel[4 ,range4--,aleutian & ,kuril ,isl&s1 & ,kam*atka1 s\? to ,japan4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #abc;a4 ,bre$+ ,plumage #abc;a4 ,violet-gre5 ,cormorant 7,p4 p4 robu/us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #abc1 b l>g]2 bill /\t]1 ,w4 #aj4h4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,alaska1 f ,norton ,s\nd s\? to ,wa%+ton4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #abc;b4 #abc;b4 ,baird ,cormorant 7,p4 p4 respl5d5s74 ,simil> to ,no4 #abc1 b small]2 bill sl5d]]2 ,w4 #i4e4 ,notes4 ,a croak+1 guttural note4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,wa%+ton s\? to ,mazatlan1 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #abd4 ,bre$+ ,plumage #abd4 ,r$-fac$ ,cormorant 7,phalacrocorax urile74 ,l4 #cd4 ,=ehead z well z lores b>e4 ,ads4 ,above gre5 & purple2 head & neck blue black2 belly gre54 ,bre$+ plumage4 ,) =ehead & nape cre/s & :ite pat*es on flanks4 ,notes4 ,a l[1 dron+ croak4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,pribil(1 ,aleutian1 & ,kuril ,isl&s1 & coa/ ( ,kam*atka4 ,s\? 9 w9t] to nor!rn ,japan4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,anh+a1 ,pelicans1 & ,man-o'-,w> bird ,illu/ration3 #aah4 #aah4 ,anh+a2 ,snakebird2 ,wat] ,turkey 7,anh+a anh+a74 ,l4 #cf4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black2 grayi% head & neck plumes :i*1 9 w9t]1 are abs5t4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,resembles male b :ole head1 neck1 & brea/ br[ni%4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female b black p>ts dull]4 ,notes4 ,a rasp+1 clatt]+ croak1 utt]$ :5 fight+ or 9 com+ to ! ne/4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #abe4 #abe4 ,am]ican ,:ite ,pelican 7,pelecanus ery?rorhyn*os74 ,l4 #fj4 ,ads4 ,:ite2 prim>ies black2 bill 9 bre$+ season ) a knob4 ,yng4 ,) cr[n br[ni%4 ,range3--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 int]ior f ea/]n ,cali=nia1 ,utah1 ,yell[/one ,p>k1 ,m9nesota 787 nor?w>d to ,lat4 #fa;,a deg42 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #abf4 #abf4 ,br[n ,pelican 7,pelecanus occid5talis74 ,l4 #ej2 ,w4 #ai4e4 ,ads4 ,p\* gre5i%2 head :ite1 r>ely yell[i%2 neck br[n4 ,9 fall1 no br[n on neck4 ,yng4 ,br[ni% gray1 :ite bel[4 ,notes4 ,adults z a rule sil5t2 "y be=e fly+1 v noisy4 ,range3--,atlantic & ,gulf coa/ ( tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 has /ray$ to ,ill9ois & ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 #abg4 ,cali=nia ,br[n ,pelican 7,pelecanus cali=nicus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #abf1 b l>g]4 ,l4 #ed2 ,w4 #ba2 p\* 9 bre$+ season1 r$4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,galapagos nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 bre$s nor? only to ,los ,coronados ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 #abh4 #abh4 ,man-o'-,w> ,bird2 ,frigate ,bird 7,fregata aquila74 ,l4 #dj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black1 glossy above2 p\* sc>let or orange4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[n]2 brea/ & belly :ite4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b head & neck :ite4 ,notes4 ,usually sil5t2 r>ely a croak+ note4 ,range3--,tropical & subtropical coa/s2 9 ,am]ica nor? to ,florida1 ,texas1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia2 casually to ,kansas1 ,ohio & ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida & ,l[] ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,ord] ,v4 ,,ducks1 ,,geese1 ,,& ,,swans4 ,,ans]es4 ,family #a4 ,,ducks1 ,,geese1 & ,,swans4 ,anatid,a4 #di species1 #f subspecies4 ,! ,anatid,a ( ,nor? ,am]ica are plac$ 9 five well-m>k$ subfamilies1 ! ,m]gans]s 7,mergin,a71 ,riv] ,ducks 7,anatin,a71 ,sea ,ducks 7,fuligulin,a71 ,geese 7,anserin,a71 & ,swans 7,cygnin,a74 ,! ,m]gans]s1 ,saw-bills1 or ,%elldrakes are fi%-eat+ ,ducks & _! r\nd$ bills1 set ) too?-l projections along ! sides1 are ( evid5t use to !m 9 hold+ _! prey4 ,! ,riv] ,ducks include su* well-kn[n species z ! ,mall>d1 ,black ,duck1 & ,widgeon4 ,!y diff] f ! ,bay or ,sea ,ducks 9 n hav+ a well-develop$ web or flap on ! h9d-toe4 ,z a rule !y fe$ 9 %all[ wat] by tipp+1 /&+ on _! heads1 z x 71 :ile rea*+ ! bottom = food4 ,! ,bay or ,sea ,ducks h ! h9d-toe webb$4 ,!y fe$1 z a rule1 9 deep] wat] ?an ! ,riv] ,ducks1 sometimes desc5d+ to ! bottom 9 wat] ov] "o hundr$ feet deep4 ,dur+ ! w9t] !y ga!r 9 flocks (t5 ( sev]al ?\s& individuals1 & frequ5t ! l>g] bodies ( wat]4 ,) bo? ! ,riv] & ,bay ,ducks ! sides ( ! broad1 flat bill are set ) gutt]s :i* s]ve z /ra9]s1 reta9+ ! mollusks1 se$s & roots ( aquatic plants on :i* ^! ,ducks fe$1 :ile ! mud or wat] tak5 9 ) ! food is =c$ out ! sides ( ! bill z x closes4 ,geese are m t]re/rial ?an ,ducks & (t5 visit ! l& to nip ! grass4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 ! we/ :]e l>ge flocks (1 ,geese1 especially ,sn[ ,geese1 may be se5 fe$+ on ! prairies4 ,on ! wat] !y fe$ ov] %all[s by tipp+ & prob+ ! bottoms4 ,swans also fe$ f ! surface ( ! wat] ei!r by simply imm]s+ ! head & neck or by half subm]g+ ! body1 :51 ) ! tail po9t$ to ! z5i?1 ! l5g? ( _! rea* is greatly increas$4 ,9 spite ( _! comp>atively %ort w+s ! l>ge muscles atta*$ to !m give to ! ,anatid,a great p[] ( flight4 ,n only d !y make ext5d$ j\rneys1 :5 migrat+1 )\t a re/1 b !y atta9 a spe$ :i* is surpass$ by b few birds4 ,"s ( ! small] species1 :5 al>m$1 d\btless fly+ at ! rate ( "o hundr$ miles an h\r4 ,9 common ) o!r div+ wat] birds ! ,ducks1 :5 molt+1 lose mo/ ( _! w+ fea!rs all at once1 & = a "t are !re=e unable to fly4 ,dur+ ?is comp>atively helpless p]iod ! brightly color$ males assume 9 "p ! plumage ( ! females & are !reby r5d]$ less conspicu\s4 ,) ! return ( ! p[] ( flight1 h[ev]1 !y rega9 _! di/9ctive1 male plumage1 :i* is usually bright] ?an t ( ! female4 ,) our ,geese & ,swans !re is no sexual diff]5ce 9 color4 ,mo/ ( our ,ducks & ,geese bre$ 9 ! nor?1 "s )9 ! ,arctic ,circle1 & w9t] f ! s\!rn limit ( froz5 wat] s\?w>d4 ,! ,am]ican ,m]gans]1 ,hood$ ,m]gans]1 ,wood ,duck1 ,buffle-head1 ,gold5-,eyes1 ,tree ,ducks1 & possibly ,h>lequ9 ,duck ne/ 9 holl[ trees1 at times "s di/ance f ! wat]4 ,! "y ( ! ,am]ican ,gold5-eye & ( ! ,wood ,duck h be5 se5 to rea* ! wat] by jump+ f ! ne/-hole & flutt]+ d[n 9 response to ! calls ( ! p>5t bel[4 ,x is said t !y are also br\ght d[n 9 ! bill ( ! old bird1 b ?is /atem5t app>5tly lacks confirmation4 ,! rema9+ species ( our ,ducks1 ,geese1 & ,swans1 ne/ z a rule1 on ! gr\nd g5]ally ne> wat]4 ,f five to fifte5 &1 9 ! case ( ! ,fulv\s ,tree ,duck1 possibly z _m z ?irty eggs are laid4 ,9 color !y v>y f :ite to buffy & pale olive & are always uni=mly color$4 ,incubation is p]=m$ by ! female alone4 ,! males at ?is p]iod among mo/ ,ducks des]t+ _! mate to und]go ! p>tial molt be=e m5tion$4 ,:ile incubat+ ! females surr\nd _! ne/ ) s(t d[n pluck$ f _! bodies & :5 leav+ ! ne/ to fe$1 ?is d[n is drawn ov] ! eggs ) ! d\ble object1 d\btless1 ( conceal+ !m & ( keep+ !m w>m4 ,) ,eid] ,ducks ?is d[n con/itutes ! l>g] "p (1 if n ! entire ne/4 ,saund]s /ates t 9 ,icel& ! d[n 9 ea* ne/ weighs ab\t "o-six? ( a p\nd4 ,?is is ga!r$ by ! natives1 :o1 h[ev]1 are c>eful to af=d ! sitt+ bird an opportunity to raise h] brood )\t fur!r mole/ation4 ,! collection ( ,eid] d[n ?us furni%es an admirable illu/ration ( prop] economic relations betwe5 man & birds4 ,! d[n is an important s\rce ( income to ! natives ( ! comp>atively b>r51 nor!rn c\ntries 9 :i* ! ,eid]s ne/4 ,s long z man c rememb] x has be5 ga!r$ annually4 ,/ill ! ,ducks cont9ue to return 9 numb]s ye> aft] ye> to ! same region1 p]haps ! exact spot 9 :i* !y ne/$ ! ye> be=e4 ,less intellig5t me?ods w\ld p]haps rob ! bird ( its second1 z well z ( its fir/ ne/ &1 unable to reproduce its k9d1 ! species w\ld become ext9ct )9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod4 ,! evils :i* w\ld foll[ su* a c\rse are1 h[ev]1 ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,! ,ducks1 9 ! fir/ place1 are enc\rag$ 9 e way4 ,x is said t %\ld "o walk into a peasant's cab9 & preempt 8 cot z a ne/+-site1 ! peasant w\ld gladly give up 8 b$ to s valuable a visitor4 ,ducks ,illu/ration3 #abi4 #abi4 ,am]ican ,m]gans] 7,m]gans] am]icanus74 ,l4 #be2 ,b4 f no/ril1 #a4e2 no/ril midway betwe5 eye & tip ( bill4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,no b& ( /reaks on brea/2 no cre/4 ,ad4 ,female4 & ,yng4 ,*9 :ite2 cr[n & ?roat r$di% br[n2 re/ ( und]p>ts & speculum :ite2 above & tail a%y4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick1 r>ely m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,m9nesota1 & m\nta9s ( ,colorado & ,cali=nia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,ma9e & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #acj4 #acj4 ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans] 7,m]gans] s]rator74 ,l4 #bb2 ,b4 f no/ril1 #a4h2 no/ril ne>] to eye ?an to tip ( bill4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/ ) a broad c9namon b& /reak$ ) black2 head fea!rs l5g!n$4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,cr[n grayi% br[n1 wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,*9 & ?roat pal]2 re/ ( und]p>ts & speculum :ite3 back & tail a%y4 ,notes4 ,:5 al>m$1 sev]al l[1 guttural croaks4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s1 9 ,am]ica1 f ,new ,brunswick & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 w9t]s f s\!rn bre$+ limits1 s\? to ,cuba & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #aca4 #aca4 ,hood$ ,m]gans] 7,lophodytes cucullatus74 ,l4 #ag4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a l>ge1 circul> black & :ite cre/4 ,ad4 ,female ,yng4 ,a small c9namon cre/1 head1 neck & brea/ grayi% br[n2 back1 blacki%2 belly :ite4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se croak1 l a small edition ( t ( ! ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans]4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica f ,cuba & ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 bre$s locally ?r\gh\t its range1 *iefly 9 int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 ,ill9ois1 & ,massa*usetts s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #acb4 #acb4 ,mall>d 7,anas bos*as74 ,l4 #bc4 ,speculum 7pat* 9 w+7 purple bord]$ by black & :ite2 "u surface ( w+ pure :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head gre52 brea/ *e/nut1 a :ite neck-r+4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above blacki% & buffy1 bel[ ru/y buff mottl$ ) dusky grayi% br[n4 ,notes4 ,! famili> quack ( ! b>n-y>d ,duck4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s1 9 ,am]ica1 f ,labrador1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 & ,cali=nia nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 ,kansas1 & ,new ,j]sey to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #adc4 #adc4 ,p9tail 7,dafila acuta74 ,l4 ,male1 #bh2 ,female1 #bb4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,c5tral tail fea!rs black1 #g4e long1 po9t$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,tail #c4e12 fea!rs %>ply po9t$2 br[ni% black1 ) buff b>s2 "u w+-cov]ts dusky & buff2 back blacki% ) int]nal buff loops4 ,notes4 ,a l\d quack1 less sonor\s ?an t ( ! ,mall>d2 a l[ mell[ :i/le1 & a h>% roll+ note4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s1 9 ,am]ica1 f ,new ,brunswick1 ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 ,ill9ois1 & ,virg9ia1 s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #acc4 #acc4 ,black ,duck 7,anas obscura74 ,l4 #bb4 ,ads4 ,speculum blui% purple tipp$ ) black2 no :ite 9 w+2 l9+ ( w+ :ite & dusky2 cr[n )\t pal] m>g9s2 ?roat1 usually1 )\t m>k+s2 legs olivace\s br[n1 bill gre5i% black1 dusky olive1 or olive-gre54 ,notes4 ,a quack resembl+ t ( ! ,mall>d4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 *iefly ea/ ( ,mississippi2 bre$s locally f ,new ,j]sey & ,ill9ois nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s f ,ma9e to ,we/ ,indies4 #acc;a4 ,r$-legg$ ,black ,duck 7,a4 o4 rubripes74 ,simil> to ,no4 #acc b l>g]2 cr[n edg$ ) buff or gray2 ?roat spott$2 legs r$2 bill yell[4 ,range4--,summ] range n def9itely kn[n1 b bre$+ specim5s h be5 tak5 9 nor!rn ,labrador1 ,james ,bay1 & we/ %ore ( ,hudson ,bay2 9 w9t] s\? to ,virg9ia & ,arkansas4 ,illu/ration3 #acd4 #acd4 ,florida ,duck 7,anas fulvigula74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ads4 ,?roat & front ( neck pla9 buff1 usually unm>k$2 speculum sometimes tipp$ ) :ite2 belly ru/y buff2 broadly /reak$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,a quack simil> to t ( ,no4 #acc4 ,range4--,florida to coa/ ( ,l\isiana2 resid5t4 #acd;a4 ,mottl$ ,duck 7,a4 f4 maculosa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #acd1 b und]p>ts mottl$ ) black1 ! m>k+s be+ r\nd]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,texas2 bre$s 7at lea/7 f ,corpus ,*ri/i nor? to ,kansas2 w9t]s on we/ ,gulf ,coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #ace4 #ace4 ,gadwall 7,*aulelasmus /rep]us71 ,l4 #ai4e4 ,"u w+ cov]ts & axill>s pure :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,w+-cov]ts *e/nut2 brea/ r+$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & ?roat z 9 ,male1 back fusc\s & buffy2 brea/ & sides o*race\s ?ickly spott$ ) blacki%2 speculum a%y gray & :ite4 ,notes4 ,a quack l t ( ! ,mall>d b %rill] & m (t5 repeat$4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica1 bre$s 9 ! int]ior f ,kansas & ,cali=nia nor? to ,manitoba & ,ass9iboia2 w9t]s f ,m>yl& to ,florida1 r>e 9 nor!a/]n ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #acf4 #acf4 ,widgeon 7,m>eca p5elope74 ,l4 #ah4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & neck r$di% br[n2 cr[n buff2 sides ) wavy black & :ite l9es4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & ?roat ru/y1 f9ely /reak$ & b>r$ ) black2 brea/ & sides ru/y2 speculum blacki%4 ,notes4 ,( male1 a %rill1 :i/l+ :ee-y2 ( female1 a l[1 purr+ gr[l4 7,saund]s47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,am]ica1 only 9 ! ,aleutian ,isl&s2 casual 9 migrations & 9 w9t] 9 ,cali=nia & on ,atlantic coa/ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,gre5l&4 ,illu/ration3 #acg4 #acg4 ,baldpate 7,m>eca am]icana74 ,l4 #ai4 ,no ru/y on head4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,"u tail-cov]ts black2 /reak f eye to nape glossy gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & ?roat :iti% f9ely m>k$ ) black2 brea/ & sides ru/y wa%$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,a l[1 s(t :i/le4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ! int]ior f ,m9nesota & ,briti% ,columbia nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,virg9ia s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica2 only a migrant on nor!a/ ,atlantic coa/ to ,labrador4 ,illu/ration3 #aci4 #aci4 ,gre5-w+$ ,teal 7,nettion c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #ad4e4 ,w+-cov]ts gray1 tipp$ ) buff or :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a :ite cresc5t 9 front ( w+2 speculum 7w+-pat*7 gre5 bord]$ by black tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,w+s z 9 ,male2 ?roat & sides ( neck :ite1 f9ely spott$ ) black2 brea/ & sides wa%$ ) ru/y1 m>k$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,a peculi> *irp+ almo/ a twitt]+ z !y fly4 7,seton47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick1 ,m9nesota1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia1 ,kansas1 & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #adj4 #adj4 ,blue-w+$ ,teal 7,qu]qu$ula discors74 ,w+-cov]ts blue4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*eek pat* :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #aci1 b w+-cov]ts blue2 speculum gre5i% br[n n di/9ctly tipp$ ) :ite4 ,l4 #af4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 *iefly ea/ ( ,rockies2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick1 ,kansas1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & nor!rn ,ohio1 nor? to ,alaska1 ma9ly 9 int]ior2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,cali=nia1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ada4 #ada4 ,c9namon ,teal 7,qu]qu$ula cyanopt]a74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & neck1 brea/ & sides r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #adj1 b ! und]p>ts1 includ+ ?roat1 are usually suffus$ ) ru/y2 ! ?roat (t5 be+ blacki% or speckl$ ) dusky4 ,notes4 ,a r ?91 nasal quack4 ,l4 #af4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica1 ea/ to ,rockies & s\? ,texas2 r>ely to ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #adb4 #adb4 ,%ovell] 7,spatula clypeata74 ,l4 #bj4 ,bill mu* broad] at tip ?an at base4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,belly *e/nut2 brea/ ar\nd to back :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,w+-cov]ts blue2 back conspicu\sly m>g9$ ) buff4 ,notes4 ,occasionally a few feeble quacks4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica *iefly 9 int]ior2 bre$s locally f ,texas1 & regul>ly f ,m9nesota & ,briti% ,columbia nor? to ,alaska & ,b>r5 ,gr\nds2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 ,ill9ois1 & ,m>yl& s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #add4 #add4 ,wood ,duck 7,aix sponsa74 ,l4 #ah4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head cre/$2 gre51 blue1 & purple ) :ite /ripes4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,a :ite /reak ?r\gh & beh9d eye2 cr[n glossy purpli% br[n2 back olive-br[n gloss$ ) gre5i%4 ,notes4 ,a fright5$1 pla9tive1 oo-eek4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally f ,florida to ,labrador & ,briti% ,columbia1 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,cuba4 ,illu/ration3 #adf4 #adf4 ,r$head 7,ay?ya am]icana74 ,l4 #ai4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & upp] neck entirely bright r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat :ite2 back grayi% br[n )\t f9e b>s2 speculum gray4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se guttural roll+ s\nd4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s *iefly 9 int]ior f ,ma9e1 ,m9nesota1 & ,cali=nia nor? to ,labrador & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,m>yl& s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #adg4 #adg4 ,canvas-back 7,ay?ya vallisn]ia74 ,l4 #ba4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & :ole neck dull r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & neck ru/y grayi% br[n2 back grayi% br[n1 f9ely b>r$ ) black & :ite4 ,notes4 ,a h>% guttural croak4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s only 9 int]ior f ,m9nesota & ,oregon nor? to ,alaska & ! ,b>r5 ,gr\nds2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,m>yl& s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,mexico & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #adh4 #adh4 ,am]ican ,scaup ,duck 7,ay?ya m>ila74 ,l4 ,male1 #ah4e2 ,female1 #ag4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head gloss$ ) gre5i%2 sides )\t di/9ct black b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,fea!rs ab\t base ( bill :ite2 brea/ & back ru/y grayi% br[n2 speculum :ite4 ,notes4 ,simil> to ! guttural s\nd made by ! ,canvas-back1 ,r$head & o!r div+ ,ducks4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica1 bre$s 9 ! int]ior r>ely f ,m9nesota1 & regul>ly f ,nor? ,dakota nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,long ,isl& to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #adi4 #adi4 ,less] ,scaup ,duck 7,ay?ya aff9is74 ,l4 ,male #ag2 ,female1 #af4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head gloss$ ) purpli%2 sides ) di/9ct black b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,female ( ,no4 #adh1 b small]4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s only 9 int]ior f ,i[a r>ely1 ,nor? ,dakota commonly1 & ,briti% ,columbia1 nor? to ,b>r5 ,gr\nds2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,virg9ia s\? to ,guatemala & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #aej4 #aej4 ,r+-neck$ ,duck 7,ay?ya coll>is74 ,l4 #af4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a *e/nut neck-r+2 *9 :ite2 back black2 speculum gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,fea!rs ab\t sides ( base ( bill & ?roat :ite1 back & brea/ ru/y grayi% br[n2 speculum gray4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #adf1 b is small] & ru/i]4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica3 bre$+ only 9 ! int]ior f ,m9nesota nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,m>yl& & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,guatemala & ,we/ ,indies2 r>e on ,atlantic coa/ nor? ( ,m>yl&4 ,illu/ration3 #aea4 #aea4 ,am]ican ,gold5-eye 7,clangula clangula am]icana74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head gre5i%2 :ite pat* at base ( bill circul>4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & ?roat br[n2 brea/ & back gray1 a :ite ?roat-r+2 belly & speculum :ite4 ,notes4 ,r>ely a l[ croak2 a high :i/l+ s\nd produc$ by w+s 9 flight4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,ma9e1 nor!rn ,m9nesota1 & ,alb]ta1 nor? to ,arctic ,regions2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,alaska1 ! ,great ,lakes & ,ma9e1 s\? to ,mexico & ,cuba4 ,illu/ration3 #aeb4 #aeb4 ,b>r[ ,gold5-eye 7,clangula isl&ica74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head purpli% blue2 :ite pat* at base ( bill twice z high z wide4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #aea4 ,notes4 ,a high :i/l+ made by w+s 9 flight1 probably also a l[ croak+ z 9 ,no4 #aea4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & m\nta9s ( ,colorado nor? to s\!rn ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois1 & ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #aec4 #aec4 ,buffle-head 7,*>itonetta albeola74 ,l4 #ad4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head blue1 purple1 & gre52 a :ite b& f eye to eye across nape4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,a :iti% pat* on ei!r side ( head2 ?roat & upp] p>ts grayi% br[n2 belly & speculum :ite4 ,notes4 ,a s+le guttural note l a small edition ( ! ,canvas-back's roll4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,ma9e1 ,i[a1 & ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f s\!rn limit ( bre$+ range to ,we/ ,indies & ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #afg4 #afg4 ,ruddy ,duck 7,erismatura jamaic5sis74 ,l4 #ae4 ,tail-fea!rs n>r[ & /iff2 bill %ort 7#a4e7 & broad4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*eeks :ite1 cap black1 back r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,a :iti% /reak ?r\gh dusky *eeks2 back grayi% br[n ) f9e buffy b>s2 belly silv]y :iti%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil>1 b *eeks all :ite or :iti%4 ,range4--,we/]n hemisph]e f nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica to ,hudson ,bay2 bre$s locally ?r\gh\t its range1 b *iefly nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,new ,j]sey1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #afh4 #afh4 ,mask$ ,duck 7,nomonyx dom9icus74 ,l4 #ad4 ,tail-fea!rs long1 7#d4e7 n>r[1 /iff & po9t$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,front ( head black2 beh9d x r$di% br[n all ar\nd2 :ite 9 w+4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,a br[ni% /reak ?r\gh eye3 buffy /reaks above & bel[ x2 back blacki% regul>ly b>r$ ) buff2 bel[ wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,range--,tropical ,am]ica nor? to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e2 accid5tal 9 ,wiscons91 ,lake ,*ampla91 & ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 #aed4 ,w9t] ,illu/ration3 #aed4 ,summ] #aed4 ,old-squaw 7,h>elda hyemalis74 ,l4 ,male1 #ba2 ,female1 #af2 ,t4 ,male1 #h2 ,female1 #b4e4 ,no color$ speculum4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,c5tral tail-fea!rs mu* l5g!n$2 9 w9t]1 cr[n1 nape1 ?roat1 & neck all ar\nd :ite4 ,9 summ]1 black1 ) ru/y m>k+s on back4 ,ad4 ,female4 w9t]4 ,*eeks1 neck all ar\nd1 & und]p>ts :ite2 brea/ & sides ( neck dusky4 ,9 summ]1 cr[n1 *eeks & nape blacki%1 ?roat & brea/ dusky2 a :iti% pat* back ( eye4 ,notes4 ,9 spr+1 a ri*1 musical a-le$le-a1 frequ5tly repeat$ 9 deep1 re$-l tones4 7,nelson47 ,also o-onc-o-onc-ough-egh-ough-egh4 7,mackay47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s f nor!rn ,labrador & ,aleutian ,isl&s nor? to ,arctic ,ocean2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley1 & ,cali=nia1 r>ely to ,florida & ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #aee4 #aee4 ,h>lequ9 ,duck 7,hi/rionicus hi/rionicus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,back & brea/ slaty blue2 head d>k]4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,front half ( *eeks & spot ov] e>s :iti%1 above blacki% br[n2 bel[ dusky & :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a confusion ( l[ gabbl+ & *att]+ notes4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ f ,newf\ndl&1 ! nor!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & ! ,si]ra ,nevadas 7latitude #ch;,a deg471 nor?w>d2 s\? 9 w9t] to ! ,middle ,/ates & ,cali=nia2 ea/]n ,asia1 ,icel&4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aef4 #aef4 ,labrador ,duck 7,camptolaimus labradorius74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,prim>ies blacki%2 re/ ( w+ :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,a%y gray3 speculum :ite4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female b ?roat & ends ( great] w+-cov]ts :ite4 ,range4--,=m]ly ,nor? ,atlantic coa/2 br$ f ,labrador nor?w>d2 w9t]$ s\? to ,new ,j]sey2 believ$ to be ext9ct2 la/ records1 ,gr& ,m5an1 ,new ,brunswick1 #ahga2 ,long ,isl&1 #ahge4 ,illu/ration3 #aeg4 #aeg4 ,/ell] ,eid] 7,eniconetta /ell]i74 ,l4 #ah4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & neck black ne>ly divid$ by a :ite r+2 top & sides ( head :ite1 =ehead & nape gre5i%2 brea/ *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above & bel[ black & ru/y1 speculum purple bord]$ ) :ite2 tail fea!rs po9t$4 ,range4--,arctic & sub>ctic coa/s ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ,aleutian ,isl&s1 ea/ to ,unalaska & ,kadiak2 ,k5ai ,p59sula4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aeh4 #aeh4 ,spectacl$ ,eid] 7,arctonetta fis*]i74 ,l4 #ba4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,front ( head plu%-l2 cu%iony pads ar\nd eyes2 above l>gely :ite2 brea/ slaty black2 belly black4 ,range4--,alaskan coa/ ( ,b]+ ,sea & nor? to ,po9t ,b>r[4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aei4 #aei4 ,gre5l& ,eid] 7,somat]ia mollissima borealis74 ,l4 #bc4 ,fea!rs on sides ( bill rea*+ to no/rils1 b>e spaces on ei!r side ( fea!rs on culm5 po9t$ at base 7po/]iorly47 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n black ) a :ite w$ge4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[ni% black above m>g9$ ) ru/y & buff2 bel[ dusky f9ely m>g9$ ) buff4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,female b m buffy4 ,notes4 ,a sort ( coo+ s\nd 9 ! bre$+ season4 7,elliot47 ,a rauc\s1 moan+1 'ha ho1 'ha ho2 female's l t ( ,mall>d4 7,brunni*47 ,range4--,nor!a/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,labrador to ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 #afj4 #afj4 ,am]ican ,eid] 7,somat]ia dress]i74 ,l4 #bc4 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #aei1 b b>e spaces on ei!r side ( fea!rs ( culm5 r\nd$ at ! base 7po/]iorly74 ,range4--,nor!a/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,isle au ,haut1 ,ma9e1 to ,labrador2 w9t]s s\? to ,new ,j]sey & ,great ,lakes4 ,illu/ration3 #afa4 #afa4 ,pacific ,eid] 7,somat]ia v-nigra74 ,simil> to ,no4 #aei1 b ,ad4 ,male ) a black ,v on ?roat2 sides ( bill m broadly fea!r$1 di/ance f end ( fea!rs to base ( b>e space on culm5 less ?an di/ance f same place to end ( bill4 ,notes4 ,a l[ guttural note4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,pacific f ,aleutian ,isl&s nor? to ,arctic ,ocean ea/ to ,great ,slave ,lake4 ,illu/ration3 #afb4 #afb4 ,k+ ,eid] 7,somat]ia spectabilis74 ,l4 #bc4 ,fea!rs at side ( bill n rea*+ no/ril4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ite pat* on ei!r side ( rump1 cr[n a%y blue4 ,ad4 ,female 9 #a ,yng4 ,resembl+ same plumages ( ,no4 #aei & ,no4 #afj4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s f ,labrador & ,/4 ,mi*aels1 ,alaska nor? to ,gre5l& & ,arctic ,ocean2 w9t]s s\? to ,new ,j]sey 7r>ely ,ga471 & ,great ,lakes2 "o ,cali=nia record4 ,illu/ration3 #afc4 #afc4 ,am]ican ,scot] 7,oidemia am]icana74 ,l4 #ai4 ,fea!rs at base ( bill n ext5d+ =w>d on sides or top4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:olly black2 bill black1 yell[ at base4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[ni% above1 light] bel[2 no :ite on w+ or on sides ( head4 ,notes4 ,a long musical :i/le4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,labrador & ,alaskan %ores ( ,b]+ ,sea nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,great ,lakes1 ,colorado1 & ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #aff4 #aff4 ,surf ,scot] 7,oidemia p]spicillata74 ,l4 #bj4 ,fea!rs ext5d+ =w>d on top ( bill4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black1 nape & cr[n :ite2 bill orange1 yell[1 & :ite1 a r\nd black pat* on its sides4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above black1 ?roat & brea/ pal]2 belly :iti%2 a :iti% pat* at base ( bill4 ,yng4 ,simil> b ) :ite pat*es on e>s4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,newf\ndl& nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,florida1 ,ill9ois1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #afe4 #afe4 ,:ite-w+$ ,scot] 7,oidemia degl&i74 ,l4 #bb4 ,a :ite pat* on w+2 fea!rs ext5d+ =w>d along sides & top ( bill ne>ly to no/rils4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black1 a :ite spot ab\t eye2 bill orange1 black at base4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,dusky br[n above2 light] bel[4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> b sides & front ( head :iti%4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,labrador & ,nor? ,dakota nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #agg4 #agg4 ,black-belli$ ,tree ,duck 7,d5drocygna autumnalis74 ,l4 #bb4 ,ads4 belly & tail cov]ts black3 =eback & brea/ gray2 great] w+-cov]ts :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a %rill :i/le4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica nor? to s\!rn ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #agh4 #agh4 ,fulv\s ,tree ,duck 7,d5drocygna fulva74 ,l4 #bb4 ,ads4 ,belly uni=m ru/y br[n2 upp] tail cov]ts :ite2 a black /reak on h9dneck2 no :ite 9 w+4 ,notes4 ,a squeal+ :i/le4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica1 nor? 9 summ] to ,texas1 ,l\isiana1 ,nevada & c5tral ,cali=nia4 ,casual 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,miss\ri4 7,a4 ,o4 ,u47 ,geese & ,swans #afi4 ,less] ,sn[ ,goose 7,*5 hyp]borea74 ,l4 #bc-bh1 ,ads4 ,:ite1 head sometimes ru/y2 prim>ies black4 ,yng4 ,head1 neck1 & above grayi%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ to ! ,mississippi ,valley1 bre$+ 9 ,alaska2 s\? 9 w9t] to s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,cali=nia2 casually to ,new ,engl&4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #afi;a4 #afi;a4 ,great] ,sn[ ,goose 7,c4 h4 nivalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #afi1 b l>g]1 ,l4 #cj-ch4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,*esapeake1 ,new ,j]sey 7r>ely7 s\? to ,cuba2 r>e on ,atlantic coa/ nor? ( ,m>yl&4 ,illu/ration3 #agj4 #agj4 ,ross ,sn[ ,goose 7,*5 rossii74 ,l4 #ba2 ,b4 #a4f4 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #afi1 b mu* small]2 bill p>ticul>ly small]4 ,range4--,arctic ,am]ica 9 summ]2 ,pacific coa/ to s\!rn ,cali=nia & ea/ to ,montana 9 w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 #ahj4 #ahj4 ,:i/l+ ,swan 7,olor columbianus74 ,l4 #ee4 ,no/ril ne>] to tip ( bill ?an to eye4 ,ads4 ,:ite1 bill & feet black2 a small yell[ spot be=e ! eye4 ,yng4 ,head & neck br[ni%1 re/ ( plumage wa%$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ':oogh1 ':oogh1 v l\d & %rill4 7,nuttall47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s )9 ,arctic ,circle2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia 787 ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley1 ,*esapeake ,bay1 s\? to ,gulf ( ,mexico2 r>e on ,atlantic ,coa/ nor? ( ,virg9ia4 ,illu/ration3 #ahj4 ,bill (4 ,illu/ration3 #aha4 ,bill (4 #aha4 ,trumpet] ,swan 7,clor bucc9ator74 ,l4 #fe4 ,no/ril ab\t 9 middle ( bill4 ,ads4 ,:ite1 bill & feet black2 no yell[ on lores4 ,yng4 ,head & neck br[ni%2 re/ ( plumage wa%$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,l\d & sonor\s 9 tone l ^? ( a ,fr5* horn4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,*iefly ! ,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ! ,gulf ,coa/ to ! ,fur ,c\ntries1 bre$+ f ,i[a & ! ,dakotas nor?w>d2 we/ to ! ,pacific ,coa/2 r>e or casual on ! ,atlantic4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,geese ,illu/ration3 #afi4a #afi4a4 ,blue ,goose 7,*5 c,arulesc5s74 ,l4 #bh4 ,ads4 ,head & neck :ite2 bel[ br[ni% gray2 =eback l brea/2 rump gray4 ,yng4 ,simil> b head & neck grayi% br[n4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s on we/ coa/ ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico2 two ,cali=nia records2 said to h occurr$ 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,illu/ration3 #aga;a4 #aga;a4 ,am]ican ,:ite-front$ ,goose 7,ans] albifrons gambeli74 ,l4 #bh4 ,ads4 ,=ehead & rump :ite2 bel[ spott$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,simil> b no :ite on head no black bel[4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic region2 w9t]s on ,gulf ,coa/1 ,cali=nia & ,mexico2 r>e on ,atlantic coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #agf4 #agf4 ,emp]or ,goose 7,philacte canagica74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads4 ,=5eck blacki%2 re/ ( head & neck :ite sometimes t+$ ) ru/y2 tail mo/ly :ite4 ,yng4 ,body less di/9ctly scal$2 head & h9dneck spott$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,:5 fly+1 a deep1 ho>se1 /rid5t cl,ac-h,ac1 cl,ac-h,ac1 cl,ac-h,ac2 :5 al>m$ & ab\t to fly1 a r++ ,a-l,agh1-,al,agh4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,coa/ & isl&s ( ,alaska nor? ( ! ,p59sula2 *iefly ab\t ,norton ,s\nd & ,valley ( ! ,l[] ,yukon2 ,comm&] ,isl&s1 ,kam*atka2 casually s\? to ,humboldt ,bay1 ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,geese & ,brant ,illu/ration3 #agb4 #agb4 ,canada ,goose 7,branta canad5sis74 ,l4 #ch4 ,ads4 ,a :ite pat* on *eeks & ?roat2 re/ ( head & neck black2 no :iti% r+ at base ( black neck4 ,yng4 ,simil> b ) blacki% on :ite ( ?roat4 ,notes4 ,a sonor\s honk4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,labrador1 ,m9nesota & ,briti% ,columbia1 nor? *iefly 9 ! int]ior1 to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,long ,isl&1 ,ill9ois & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,mexico & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #agb;a4 ,hut*9s ,goose 7,b4 c4 hut*9sii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #agb1 b small]2 ,l4 #cj2 tail fea!rs1 #ad-af4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,kansas s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,mexico4 #agb;b4 ,:ite-*eek$ ,goose 7,b4 c4 occid5talis74 ,size ( ,no4 #agb1 b ?roat blacki%1 l[] neck ) :ite coll>4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region1 f ,sitka1 s\? 9 w9t] to ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #agb;c4 #agb;c4 ,cackl+ ,goose 7,b4 c4 m9ima74 ,simil> to ,no4 #agb;b1 b small]1 ,l4 #bd2 tail fea!rs #ad-af4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia s\?w>d2 ea/ r>ely to ,wiscons94 ,illu/ration3 #agc4 #agc4 ,brant 7,branta b]nicla glaucoga/ra74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads4 ,sides ( neck ) :ite m>k+s2 belly :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a guttural c>-r-rup1 or r-r-r-r\k4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s 9 ,am]ica1 f ,mississippi ,valley ea/1 & f ,ill9ois & ,massa*usetts s\?w>d2 r>e 9 int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 #agd4 #agd4 ,black ,brant 7,branta nigricans74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads4 ,sides & front ( neck ) :ite m>k+s2 belly ne>ly z d>k z back4 ,notes4 ,a l[ guttural gr-r-r-r-r2 on al>m repeat$ (t5 ) emphasis4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 nor!rn ,alaska & ea/w>d2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia to ,l[] ,cali=nia2 occasional on ,atlantic ,coa/4 ,ord] ,,vi4 ,,flam+oes4 ,,odontoglossa4 ,family #a4 ,,flam+oes4 ,ph,anicopterid,a4 #a species4 ,flam+oes might be call$ long-legg$ ,ducks4 ,_! feet are webb$1 & _! bill is set ) ridges1 :i* s]ve z sieves or /ra9]s1 z d ! 'gutt]s' on a ,duck's bill4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 wad+ birds & _! webb$ feet are ( use 9 support+ !m on ! s(t mud ( %all[ lagoons or bays :]e !y se>* = ! favorite food ( small mollusks4 ,9 fe$+ ! flat top ( ! bill is press$ into ! mud :5 its tip po9ts upw>d t[>d ! bird's body4 ,flam+oes fly ) ! neck & legs /ret*$ to ! utmo/ pres5t+ on ! w+ a picturesque1 b by no means s graceful an appe>ance z d ! ,h]ons4 ,_! voice is a vibrant honk+ l t ( a ,goose4 ,ord] ,,vii4 ,,h]ons1 ,,/orks1 ,,ibises1 ,,etc4 ,,h]odiones4 ,family #a4 ,,spoonbills4 ,plataleid,a4 #a species4 ,family #b4 ,,ibises4 ,ibidid,a4 #c species4 ,family #c4 ,,/orks & ,,wood ,,ibises4 ,ciconiid,a4 #a species4 ,family #d4 ,,bitt]ns1 ,,h]ons1 ,,etc4 ,ardhid,a4 #ad species1 #c subspecies4 ,! ,roseate ,spoonbill 0 =m]ly a common bird 9 ,florida & along ! ,gulf coa/1 b s _m h be5 kill$ = _! plumage t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! species is n[ exce$+ly r>e except 9 ! mo/ remote p>ts ( s\!rn ,florida4 ,spoonbills build a rude ne/ ( /icks 9 mangrove bu%es or small trees & lay ?ree to five :iti% eggs speckl$ ) %ades ( br[n4 ,ibises are usually f\nd 9 flocks along ! %ore ( lagoons1 lakes1 etc41 or 9 m>%y places4 ,!y fly ) ! neck out/ret*$ & are g5]ally sil5t4 ,_! ne/s ( re$s1 we$ /alks1 etc41 are sometimes plac$ 9 l[ bu%es1 at o!rs 9 grassy m>%es4 ,! eggs numb] f ?ree to five4 ,!y are pla9 blue 9 ! ,glossy ,ibis1 gre5i% :ite ) *ocolate m>k+s1 9 ! ,:ite ,ibis4 ,! ,/orks are l>gely ,old ,_w birds1 only ?ree ( ! "s tw5ty kn[n species inhabit+ ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,b "o ( ^! is f\nd regul>ly nor? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 ! s-call$ ,wood ,ibis :i* is abundant 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,x lives 9 flocks & builds a ne/ ( /icks usually 9 cypress trees1 (t5 =ty feet f ! gr\nd1 lay+ two or ?ree :ite eggs4 ,:5 fly+ ! neck is ext5d$4 ,x progresses by alt]nate flapp+ & sail+ & occasionally so>s high ov]head 9 circles1 l a ,vulture4 ,! ,bitt]ns & ,h]ons unlike our o!r long-legg$ wad+ birds1 fly ) a fold 9 ! neck4 ,!y belong 9 two subfamilies1 ! ,botaurin,a & ,ardein,a1 respectively4 ,! ,bitt]ns are usually solit>y birds inhabit+ grassy or re$y m>%es :]e _! colors h>monize ) _! surr\nd+s & r5d] !m difficult to see4 ,! ,am]ican ,bitt]n ne/s on ! gr\nd & lays ?ree to five pale br[ni% eggs4 ,! ,lea/ ,bitt]n usually weaves a plat=m ne/ ( re$s among ru%es gr[+ 9 ! wat] & lays f\r or five blui% :ite eggs4 ,h]ons fe$ along ! %ore & are consequ5tly m (t5 se5 ?an ,bitt]ns4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,gre5 ,h]on & ! ,yell[-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on1 :i* usually ne/ 9 isolat$ pairs1 our species ga!r 9 colonies to ne/4 ,sev]al hundr$ pairs occupy+ a limit$ area 9 "s wood$ or bu%y swamp to :i*1 :5 undi/urb$1 !y return ye> aft] ye>4 ,h]ons build a rude plat=m ne/ ( /icks1 sometimes plac+ x 9 bu%es1 sometimes 9 ! talle/ trees1 & at o!rs on ! gr\nd or b$s ( re$s 9 m>%es4 ,! eggs are gre5i% blue 9 color & usually f\r 9 numb]4 ,x is among ^? ,h]ons1 :i* 9 ne/+ "t are adorn$ ) delicate plumes or aigrettes1 t ! greate/ ravages ( ! mill9]y hunt] h be5 made4 ,attack+ ^! birds :5 !y h ga!r$ on ! ne/+ gr\nd1 !y are n p]mitt$ to re> _! "y & ! species is ?us ext]m9at$ bran* & root4 ,! voice ( ,h]ons is a h>% squawk v>y+ 9 dep? ( tone ) ! size ( ! bird4 ,flam+o1 ,spoonbill & ,ibis ,illu/ration3 #ahb4 #ahb4 ,flam+o 7,pho5icopt]us rub]74 ,l4 #de2 f toe to bill1 #fj4 ,ads4 ,rosy r$1 light] on back2 prim>ies & second>ies black4 ,yng4 ,small]1 grayi% br[n2 light] bel[4 ,notes4 ,a honk resembl+ t ( a ,canada ,goose4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/s ( tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 resid5t 7bre$+87 9 s\?we/]n ,florida 7,monroe c\nty72 casual we/ to ,texas1 nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #ahc4 #ahc4 ,roseate ,spoonbill 7,ajaia ajaja74 ,l4 #cb4 ,ads4 ,head & ?roat b>e2 sides ( brea/ & end ( tail ru/y buff2 less] w+-cov]ts1 upp] & "u tail-cov]ts c>m9e4 ,yng4 ,head fea!r$1 buff & c>m9e replac$ by p9k4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 nor? to ,gulf ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #ahe4 #ahe4 ,sc>let ,ibis 7,gu>a rubra74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,sc>let3 tips ( prim>ies black4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n1 l[] back1 rump1 & upp] tail-cov]ts :ite2 und]p>ts dull :ite4 ,range4--,florida1 ,l\isiana & ,texas1 s\?w>d to ! ,we/ ,indies & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,no record ( its rec5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,ibises ,illu/ration3 #ahd4 #ahd4 ,:ite ,ibis 7,gu>a alba74 ,l4 #be4 ,ads4 ,:ite1 tips ( out] prim>ies black1 face orange r$4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n1 rump1 brea/ & belly :ite4 ,notes4 ,:5 ne> ne/1 crook1 croc1 croo2 :5 di/urb$1 a l\d1 ho>se1 bunk1 bunk1 hunk4 7,audubon74 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,l[] ,cali=nia1 s\!rn ,indiana1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s f ,gulf s\?w>d2 accid5tal 9 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,connecticut & ,long ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #ahf4 #ahf4 ,glossy ,ibis 7,plegadis autumnalis74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,front ( head black ) gre5i% reflections4 ,yng4 ,head & neck fusc\s br[n m>g9$ ) :ite1 re/ ( und]p>ts fusc\s br[n2 back ) gre5i% reflections4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical regions 9 ,am]ica2 r>e or local 9 s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 casual nor? to ,massa*usetts & ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 #ahg4 #ahg4 ,:ite-fac$ ,glossy ,ibis 7,plegadis gu>auna74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,front ( head :ite4 ,yng4 ,resembles "y ( ,no4 #ahf4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 nor? to ,cali=nia1 7r>ely ,briti% ,columbia71 ,texas1 ,kansas1 ea/ r>ely to ,florida2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #ahh4 #ahh4 ,wood ,ibis 7,tantalus loculator74 ,l4 #dj4 ,ads4 ,head & neck b>e2 :ite1 prim>ies1 second>ies & tail blacki%4 ,yng4 ,resembles ad4 b head & neck fea!r$1 grayi% br[n4 ,note4 ,:5 al>m$1 a r\gh1 guttural croak4 7,audubon47 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 bre$s ,9 ,gulf ,/ates1 7,l[] ,cali=nia871 & lat] may /ray z f> nor? z ,new ,york1 ,wiscons91 & ,cali=nia4 ,bitt]ns ,illu/ration3 #aij4 #aij4 ,am]ican ,bitt]n 7,botaurus l5tig9osus74 ,l4 #bh4 ,ads4 ,a glossy black /reak on ei!r side ( ! neck4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ad4 b colors mu* deep]1 m ru/y4 ,notes4 ,call1 quawk2 song1 pump-er-lunk4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica nor? to ,labrador & ,briti% ,columbia1 bre$+ *iefly nor? ( latitude #ce;,a deg42 w9t]s f ab\t latitude #ce;,a deg4 s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #aia4 #aia4 ,lea/ ,bitt]n 7,ardetta exilis74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,h9dneck ruf\s1 =5eck1 und]p>ts1 & "u tail-cov]ts :ite & buff4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b cr[n & back br[n1 bel[ /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,call1 an explosive quab2 song1 a s(t coo repeat$ f\r or five times4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,less common we/ ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 on ! ,pacific coa/ nor? to nor!rn ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #aia4a #aia4a4 ,cory ,bitt]n 7,ardetta neox5a74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,h9dneck black1 =5eck *e/nut1 belly mix$ black & *e/nut1 "u tail-cov]ts black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b cr[n & back dull]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 record$ f ,florida1 ,ont>io1 7bre$+71 ,massa*usetts1 & ,mi*igan2 ab\t #bj specim5s kn[n4 ,h]ons ,illu/ration3 #aib4 #aib4 ,great ,:ite ,h]on 7,ardea occid5talis74 ,ads4 ,:ite1 no aigrette plumes4 ,a :ite ,h]on ab\t ! size ( a ,great ,blue ,h]on4 ,:at is suppos$ to be a gray-blue phase ( ?is bird has be5 call$ ,ardea wu]dmanni1 a bird :i* resembles ,no4 #aid1 b has ! head & neck :iti%4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,florida1 ,cuba & ,jamaica4 ,illu/ration3 #aif4 #aif4 ,am]ican ,egret 7,h]odias egretta74 ,l4 #da4 ,ads4 ,:ite1 ab\t #ej /raight aigrette plumes gr[ f ! back betwe5 ! w+s2 legs & feet black4 ,ads4 :5 n bre$+ & ,yng41 ! same1 b no plumes4 ,range4--,tropical & temp]ate ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,virg9ia1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,cali=nia2 lat] /rays to ,new ,brunswick1 ,m9nesota1 & ,oregon2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #aig4 #aig4 ,sn[y ,h]on 7,egretta c&idissima74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,:ite1 ab\t #ej recurv$ aigrette plumes gr[ f back betwe5 ! w+s2 legs black1 feet yell[4 ,ads4 :5 n bre$+ & ,yng4 ,! same1 b no plumes4 ,range4--,tropical & temp]ate ,am]ica2 br$ =m]ly nor? to ,long ,isl&1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,cali=nia2 n[ v r>e 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #aid4 #aid4 ,great ,blue ,h]on 7,ardea h]odias74 ,l4 #de2 ,w4 #ah4e2 ,b4 #e4e2 ,t>4 #g4 ,ads4 ,c5t] ( cr[n :ite1 head cre/$2 legs blacki%4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no cre/1 cr[n :olly black1 plumage m /reak$4 ,range--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica nor? to ,arctic regions2 bre$s locally ?r\gh\t mo/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica range2 w9t]s f ab\t latitude #db;,a deg4 s\?w>d4 #aid;a4 ,nor?we/ ,coa/ ,h]on 7,a4 h4 fann9i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #aid b mu* d>k]2 upp]p>ts blui% slate black2 t>sus %ort]1 #e4c4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,vanc\v] to ,sitka4 #aid;b4 ,w>d ,h]on 7,a4 h4 w>di74 ,simil> to ,no4 #aid b :it] bel[1 neck d>k]2 legs olive2 l>g]1 ,l4 #eb2 ,w4 #bj2 ,b4 #f4e2 ,t>4 #h4 ,range4--,florida2 coa/ ( ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #bjb4 #bjb4 ,black-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on 7,nycticorax nycticorax n,avius74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & back gre5i% black l[] back1 w+s & tail a%y2 head ) two or ?ree r\nd$ :ite plumes1 except j aft] bre$+ season4 ,yng4 ,grayi% br[n /reak$ ) :ite2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) blacki%2 out] webs ( prim>ies1 pale ruf\s4 ,notes4 ,an explosive q,aawk4 ,range4--,we/]n hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica nor? to ,new ,brunswick1 ,quebec1 ,manitoba1 & ,oregon2 w9t]s f ,cali=nia & ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bjc4 #bjc4 ,yell[-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on 7,nyctanassa violaceus74 ,l4 #bc4 ,ads4 ,blue-gray2 cr[n & e>-cov]ts :iti%1 re/ ( head black2 scapul>s /reak$ ) black2 head ) two or ?ree r\nd$1 :ite plumes1 except j aft] ne/+ season4 ,yng4 ,cr[n black1 /reak$ ) :iti%2 prim>ies blui% slate1 no ruf\s2 back br[ni% /reak$ ) :ite2 bel[ :iti% /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia2 /rays to ,massa*usetts & ,colorado2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #baih4 #aih4 ,r$di% ,egret 7,di*romanassa rufesc5s74 ,l4 #bi4 ,two color phases indep5d5t ( age4 ,ads4 ,d>k phase1 ,head & neck ruf\s2 back slate2 ab\t #cj aigrette plumes4 ,:ite phase4 ,:ite1 includ+ plumes2 tips ( prim>ies sometimes speckl$ ) gray4 ,yng4 ,ruf\s & gray1 or :ite1 )\t plumes4 ,range4--,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica nor? to coa/s ( ,gulf ,/ates1 ,ill9ois 7r>ely71 & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #aii4 #aii4 ,l\isiana ,h]on 7,hydranassa tricolor ruficollis74 ,l4 #bf4 ,ads4 ,aigrette plumes1 %ort1 dirty gray2 rump & belly :ite2 legs blacki%4 ,yng4 ,head & neck br[ni%2 ?roat & l9e d[n =5eck :ite2 above slaty wa%$ ) br[ni%1 rump1 & belly :ite4 ,range4--,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica nor? to ,gulf ,/ates1 casually to ,long ,isl& & ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 #bjj4 #bjj4 ,little ,blue ,h]on 7,florida c,arulea74 ,l4 #bb4 ,ads4 ,head & neck m>oon2 re/ ( plumage slaty blue4 ,yng4 ,:ite1 tips ( prim>ies blui%1 legs gre5i% yell[4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica & ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to ,virg9ia & ,ill9ois1 lat] may /ray nor? z f> z ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bja4 #bja4 ,little ,gre5 ,h]on 7,butorides viresc5s74 ,l4 #ag4 ,smalle/ ( our ,h]ons4 ,ads4 ,cr[n1 glossy gre5-black2 ?roat & l9e d[n =5eck buffy2 re/ ( head & neck purpli% *e/nut2 back gre5 wa%$ ) blui% gray4 ,yng4 ,neck & bel[ /reak$ ) blacki%2 back-fea!rs n l5g!n$2 dull]4 ,notes4 ,a rattl+ oc-oc-oc-oc-oc1 a />tl+ sc[1 &1 m r>ely1 a deep1 holl[ groan4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,tropical & temp]ate ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 #bja;a4 ,fraz> ,gre5 ,h]on 7,b4 v4 fraz>i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bja1 b r l>g] & d>k]1 neck m purpli%1 light /rip+s on ?roat & =5eck m re/rict$4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=9ia4 #bja;b4 ,an?ony ,gre5 ,h]on 7,b4 v4 an?onyi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bja1 b slightly l>g]1 & pal]1 light m>k+s ( w+s1 neck1 & ?roat less re/rict$ & :it]4 7,me>ns47 ,range4--,arid portions ( s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 s\? into ,mexico4 ,ord] ,,viii4 ,,cranes1 ,,rails1 ,,etc4 ,,paludicola4 ,family #a4 ,,cranes4 ,gruid,a4 #c species4 ,family #b4 ,,c\rlans4 ,aramid,a4 #a species4 ,family #c4 ,,rails1 ,,gall9ules1 & ,,coots4 ,rallid,a4 #ab species1 #c subspecies4 ,cranes be> a g5]al resemblance to ,h]ons 9 t !y are long-legg$1 long-neck$ birds1 b :5 on ! w+1 !y c>ry ! neck fully ext5d$1 a habit :i* w readily di/+ui% !m f ! curv$ neck ,h]ons4 ,cranes are less aquatic ?an ,h]ons & are (t5 f\nd fe$+ on ! prairies or p9e-b>r5s :]e worms1 gras%opp]s1 liz>ds1 roots1 etc41 =m _! f>e4 ,!y ne/ on ! gr\nd lay+ two buffy eggs ?ickly m>k$ ) br[n4 ,! "y1 unlike ! ne>ly nak$1 helpless "y ( ,h]ons1 are born cov]$ ) d[n & c soon foll[ _! p>5ts4 ,! ,cranes h l\d sonor\s voices2 ! ,h]ons rauc\s croaks4 ,! ,limpk9 is a s+ul> inhabitant ( ! m retir$ ,florida swamps4 ,x fe$s ^u ! gr\nd l>gely ^u a k9d ( l& %ell1 b also p]*es 9 trees4 ,its ne/ ( twigs is plac$ 9 a small tree or bu%1 & x lays f f\r to sev5 pale buffy eggs /a9$ & speckl$ ) c9namon br[n4 ,! ,rails 7,subfamily ,rallin,a7 are inhabitants ( grassy m>%es :]e1 tru/+ to _! long legs1 !y m (t5 escape obs]vation by runn+ ?an by fly+4 ,"o may he> _! *>act]i/ic notes com+ f ! d5se gr[? only a few y>ds di/ant & /ill be unable to cat* a glimpse ( _! mak]4 ,rails ne/ on ! gr\nd lay+ six to twelve or fifte5 buffy eggs spott$ ) r$di% br[n4 ,! "y ( all our species are born cov]$ ) a %9+ black d[n4 ,! ,gall9ules 7,subfamily ,gallinulin,a7 are m aquatic ?an ! ,rails & are consequ5tly less difficult to obs]ve4 ,! ,coots 7,subfamily ,fulicin,a7 are /ill m aquatic ?an ! ,gall9ules1 z might be suppos$ f _! lob$ toes1 9 fact are z mu* at home 9 ! wat] z ?\gh !y 7 ,ducks4 ,bo? ,gall9ules & ,coots lay eight to sixte5 buffy1 ?ickly speckl$ eggs 9 a ne/ ( re$s (t5 built on a pile ( ru%es 9 ! re$s4 ,cranes & ,limpk9 ,illu/ration3 #bjd4 #bjd4 ,:oop+ ,crane 7,grus am]icana74 ,l4 #ej4 ,ads4 ,:ite2 sk9 ( top ( head dull r$2 prim>ies black4 ,yng4 ,head fea!r$1 plumage m or less wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica3 bre$s f nor!rn ,mississippi ,valley nor? to ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 #bje4 ,little ,br[n ,crane 7,grus canad5sis74 ,l4 #ce4 ,w4 #ah2 ,b4 #d4 ,ads4 ,sk9 ( top ( head dull r$2 plumage br[ni% gray4 ,yng4 ,head fea!r$1 plumage ) m or less ru/y4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica f ,hudson ,bay to ,alaska1 migrat+ s\? ?r\gh we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,mexico4 7,ridgway47 ,illu/ration3 #bjf4 #bjf4 ,s&hill ,crane 7,grus mexicana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bje1 b l>g]4 ,l4 #dd3 ,w4 #bj2 ,b4 #e4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 sonor\s1 grat+1 krrr[1 repeat$ five or m times4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally f ,texas1 ,cuba1 ,florida nor? ?r\gh ,mississippi ,valley to ,manitoba1 ,briti% ,columbia1 & ,oregon2 w9t]s f nor!rn ,cali=nia & ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bjg4 #bjg4 ,limpk9 7,aramus giganteus74 ,l4 #bh4 ,ads4 ,glossy olive-br[n1 /rip$ ) :ite2 w+s & tail m bronzy4 ,notes4 ,a l\d wah-ree-ow1 repeat$ & ! la/ note prolong$ into a wail4 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies nor? to s\!rn ,texas & ,florida4 ,rails ,illu/ration3 #bjh4 #bjh4 ,k+ ,rail 7,rallus elegans74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,above olive-br[n1 black1 & olive-gray2 w+-cov]ts r$di% br[n2 neck & brea/ c9namon2 belly & sides blacki%1 %>ply & broadly b>r$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l\d bup1 bup1 bup1 repeat$ & end+ 9 a roll4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida nor? to ,connecticut & ,s\? ,dakota2 /rays to ,ma9e2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley s\? to ,gulf ,/ates4 #bji4 ,beld+ ,rail 7,rallus beld+i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bjh1 b pal]2 flank-b>s n>r[]4 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 #baj4 ,cali=nia ,clapp] ,rail 7,rallus obsoletus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,above grayi% olive-br[n /reak$ ) blacki% br[n2 brea/ c9namon2 flanks dusky br[n n>r[ly b&$ ) :ite4 ,m>g9s to back fea!rs mu* broad] ?an 9 =ms ( crepitans4 ,range4--,salt ,m>%es ( ,pacific coa/ nor? to ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 #bab4 #bab4 ,virg9ia ,rail 7,rallus virg9ianus74 ,l4 #i4e2 ,b4 #a4e4 ,ads4 ,above blacki% & grayi% br[n2 w+-cov]ts r$di% br[n2 bel[ c9namon1 flanks black & :ite4 ,resembl+ a ,k+ ,rail 9 color1 b mu* small]4 ,notes4 ,calls1 kep or kik2 song1 a grunt+ s\nd & cut1 c,atta-c,atta-c,atta4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,p5nsylvania1 ,long ,isl&1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & middle ,cali=nia nor? to ,labrador1 ,manitoba1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ab\t its s\!rn bre$+ limits s\? to ,cuba & ,guatemala4 ,illu/ration3 #bae4 #bae4 ,yell[ ,rail4 7,porzana noveborac5sis74 ,l4 #g2 ,b4 4#e4 ,ads4 ,above black & buffy b>r$ ) :ite2 brea/ buffy2 sides br[ni% b>r$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,an abrupt cackl+1 'kr,a7,c7k1 'krek1 'krek1 'krek1 k,ak1 'k'k'k4 7,nuttall47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica nor? to ,new ,brunswick1 ,quebec1 & ,hudson ,bay1 we/ to ,manitoba & r>ely ,cali=nia2 probably bre$s *iefly nor?2 w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #baa4 #baa4 ,clapp] ,rail1 ,m>% ,h5 7,rallus crepitans74 ,l4 #ad4e2 ,w4 #e2 ,b4 #b4e4 ,ads4 ,above pale olive bord]$ by gray2 w+-cov]ts pale grayi% br[n2 brea/ pale c9namon2 flanks b>r$ gray & :ite4 ,notes4 ,gkak1 gkak1 gkak1 at fir/ l\d & rapid1 end+ l[] & sl[]4 ,range4--,salt m>%es ( ! ,atlantic coa/2 bre$s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,connecticut2 w9t]s f ,long ,isl& 7r>ely7 s\?w>d1 nor? casually to ,massa*usetts2 s\? casually to ,l\isiana4 #baa;a4 ,l\isiana ,clapp] ,rail 7,r4 c4 saturatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #baa1 b above ri* br[n edg$ ) olive2 brea/ d>k] c9namon2 bill m sl5d]1 #b4c4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 #baa;b4 #baa;b4 ,scott ,clapp] ,rail 7,r4 c4 scotti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #baa1 b mu* d>k]2 sooty br[n or black above edg$ ) olive-br[n or olive-gray2 brea/ & neck c9namon1 wa%$ ) br[ni%2 flanks br[n & :ite4 ,d>ke/ bird ( gr\p4 ,range4--,gulf coa/ ( ,florida4 #baa;c4 ,wayne ,clapp] ,rail 7,r4 c4 waynei74 ,simil> to ,no4 #baa1 b d>k]1 back ri* olive-br[n edg$ ) gray2 brea/ m a%y4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ea/]n ,florida4 #baa4b4 ,c>ibbean ,clapp] ,rail 7,rallus longiro/ris carib,au74 ,l4 #ad2 ,w4 #e4g2 ,b4 #b4d4 ,ads4 ,above olive-br[n edg$ ) olive-a%y1 brea/ c9namon2 flanks br[n & :ite4 ,range4--,we/ ,indies2 coa/ ( s\!a/]n ,texas 7& nor!a/]n ,mexico874 ,illu/ration3 #bad4 #bad4 ,c>ol9a ,rail 7,porzana c>ol9a74 ,l4 #h4e2 ,b4 #h4 ,ads4 ,region ab\t base ( bill black4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no black ab\t base ( bill2 brea/ m c9namon4 ,notes4 ,calls1 kuk or peep1 song1 k]-wee2 & a high1 roll+ :9ny4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,long ,isl&1 ,ill9ois1 ,kansas1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,newf\ndl&1 ,hudson ,bay region1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #baf4 #baf4 ,little ,black ,rail 7,porzana jamaic5sis73 ,l4 #e2 ,b4 #f4 ,ads4 ,head1 brea/1 & belly slate2 back blacki% br[n b>r$ ) :ite2 nape r$di% br[n4 ,notes4 ,probably1 kik-kik-kik1 quee'ah1 or kik-ki-ki-ki1 ki1 quee'ah1 or v>iants4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,temp]ate ,nor? ,am]ica nor? to ,massa*usetts1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,oregon3 s\? to ,we/ ,indies & ,guatemala4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,probably bre$s ?r\gh\t its ,nor? ,am]ican range 7,connecticut1 ,ill9ois1 ,kansas74 ,gall9ules & ,coot ,illu/ration3 #bah4 #bah4 ,purple ,gall9ule 7,ionornis m>t9ica74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ads4 ,cr[n-plate blui%1 bill c>m9e tipp$ ) gre5i%2 back %9+ gre52 bel[ purpli% blue2 "u tail-cov]ts :ite4 ,yng4 ,above br[n]2 bel[ ) :ite2 no r$ on bill4 ,range4--,tropical & subtropical ,am]ica2 bre$s only 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica nor? to s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 /rays to ,ma9e & ,wiscons92 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bai4 #bai4 ,florida ,gall9ule 7,gall9ula galeata74 ,l4 #ac4e4 ,ad4 ,cr[n-plate r$1 bill r$ tipp$ ) gre5i%2 legs gre5 ) a r$ r+2 back olive-br[n2 flanks slate /reak$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,cr[n-plate small] ) bill br[ni%2 no r$ on legs2 bel[ grayi%4 ,notes4 ,an explosive *uck & _m l\d & v>i$ calls sugge/+ a di/urb$ brood+ h51 ! squawk+ ( a /ruggl+ h51 etc4 ,range4--,temp]ate & tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s locally nor? to ,ma9e1 ,montreal1 ,m9nesota1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bba4 #bba4 ,am]ican ,coot 7,fulica am]icana74 ,l4 #ae4 ,toes ) scallops4 ,ads4 ,bill :iti%2 cr[n-plate & two spots on bill br[ni%2 head & neck black2 re/ ( plumage slate4 ,yng4 ,:it] bel[1 br[n] above1 cr[n-plate small]4 ,notes4 ,an explosive cuck & noisy cackl+ notes4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ! int]ior 7*iefly nor?w>d7 nor? to ! ,mack5zie & on ,pacific coa/ to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,gulf ,/ates s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies4 ,ord] ,,ix4 ,,%ore ,,birds4 ,,limicola4 ,family #a4 ,,phal>opes4 ,phalaropodid,a4 #c species4 ,family #b4 ,,avocets ,,& ,,/ilts4 ,recurvirostrid,a4 #b species4 ,family #c4 ,,snipes1 ,,s&pip]s1 ,,etc4 ,scolopacid,a4 #cc species1 #b subspecies4 ,family #d4 ,,plov]s4 ,charadriid,a4 #i species1 #b subspecies4 ,family #e4 ,,surf ,,birds ,,& ,,turn/ones4 ,aphrizid,a4 #d species4 ,family #f4 ,,oy/]-,,cat*]s4 ,,hamatopodid,a4 #c species4 ,family #g4 ,,jacanas4 ,jacanid,a4 #a species4 ,! ,phal>opes are swimm+ ,snipes4 ,! ,nor!rn & ,r$ ,phal>opes1 bo? ( :i* h well-develop$ lobes or scallop$ webs on _! toes1 except :5 ne/+1 live at sea a hundr$ miles or m (f %ore1 :]e !y f9d an abundance ( food 9 small =ms ( m>9e life4 ,! ,wilson ,phal>ope is a bird ( ! int]ior & consequ5tly1 is f> less aquatic ?an ! rema9+ species ( ! family2 nev]!less x readily takes to wat]1 swimm+ buoyantly & gracefully4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al rule1 ! female ,phal>ope is l>g] & m brightly color$ ?an ! male & ?is diff]5ce 9 size & plumage is accompani$ by simil>ly unusual habits2 ! female tak+ ! place ( ! male 9 ! ,phal>ope h\sehold4 ,! female ( necessity lays ! eggs1 b !y are hat*$ by ! male alone1 :o x is said1 c>es = ! "y1 also )\t ! assi/ance ( 8 mate4 ,! ,avocets & ,/ilts are wad+ ,snipes4 ,! ,/ilts secure _! food by quick ?ru/s ( ! bill1 b ! ,avocets use _! s+ul>1 upturn$ memb] 9 a m int]e/+ mann]4 ,:5 9 wat] two or ?ree in*es deep1 ! bill is dropp$ bel[ ! surface1 until ! curv$ l[] m&ible evid5tly t\*es ! bottom2 !n walk+ rapidly1 or ev5 runn+1 ! bill is swung f side to side & ! bird ?us explores ! mud 9 its se>* = food1 :i*1 :5 x is felt1 is pick$ up 9 ! usual way4 ,_m ( ! memb]s ( ! family ,scolopacid,a are prob+ ,snipe4 ,! ,woodcock1 ,wilson ,snipe1 & ,d[it*] are good examples4 ,_! bill is long & s5sitive & !y c curve or move its tip )\t op5+ x at ! base4 ,:5 ! bill is ?ru/ into ! mud ! tip may !re=e grasp a worm & x ?us becomes a f+] z well z a probe4 ,?\gh n rank$ z song birds1 _m ( ! ,snipes & ,plov]s h pleas+ calls & :i/les & 9 ! bre$+ season !y become highly musical or indulge 9 s+ul> vocal p]=mances4 ,! song ( ! ,b>tramian ,s&pip] w\ld attract ! att5tion ( ! lea/ obs]vant & ! s+ul> a,arial evolutions ( ! ,snipe & ,woodcock l5d an unusual int]e/ to ! /udy ( ^! birds 9 ! spr+4 ,! ,pectoral ,s&pip] 0 obs]v$ by ,nelson 9 ,alaska1 9 ,may1 to fill its ,asophagus ) air dilat+ ! sk9 ( ! neck & brea/ & =m+ a sack z l>ge z ! body4 ,!n 9 ! air or on ! gr\nd ! bird produc$ a s]ies ( holl[ boom+ notes1 con/itut+ its love song4 ,! ,plov]s h %ort]1 h>d] bills ?an ! true ,snipe & sev]al ( our species frequ5t ! upl&s r ?an muddy %ore or tidal flats4 ,! ,turn/ones are true %ore birds4 ,_! home ) u is on ! seacoa/ :]e !y fe$ along ! bea* turn+ ov] %ells & pebbles 9 _! se>* = food4 ,! ,oy/]-cat*]s are also /rictly m>itime4 ,!y frequ5t b>s left b>e by ! tide &1 x is said1 use _! /\t bills to =ce op5 mussels2 oy/]s1 or o!r bivalves left expos$ by ! wat]4 ,?is belief1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to re/ on c>eful1 def9ite obs]vation4 ,! ,jacana belongs to a small family ( birds ) repres5tatives ?r\gh\t ! tropics4 ,all its memb]s are rem>kable = ! l5g? ( _! toes1 ! wide ext5t ( :i* enable ^! birds to walk ov] aquatic vegetation4 ,s1 = in/ance1 ,i h se5 !m runn+ ov] small lily leaves :i*1 s9k+ slightly b5ea? ! surface1 made ! birds appe> to be walk+ on ! wat]4 ,! ,limicol,a1 z a rule1 ne/ on ! gr\nd4 ,! ,phal>opes1 ,snipes1 & ,plov]s lay f\r eggs1 ! ,oy/]-cat*] ?ree1 ! ,jacanas1 x is said1 f\r 9 "s species to t5 9 o!rs4 ,! eggs ( all are proportionately l>ge & po9t$ or pe>-%ap$ & are usually ?ickly m>k$ ) d>k spots4 ,! "y are born cov]$ ) d[n & leave ! ne/ j aft] hat*+4 ,%ore ,birds ,illu/ration3 ,foot ( ,phal>ope #a_/b ,size ,illu/ration3 #bbb4 #bbb4 ,r$ ,phal>ope 7,crymophilus fulic>ius74 ,l4 #h4aj2 ,b4 #i4 ,bill heavy1 wid] ?an deep4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ entirely r$di% br[n2 cap black1 back black & buff4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil>1 b small]2 cr[n & back /reak$ ) br[n1 black1 & buff4 ,yng4 ,resemble ,male1 b upp] tail-cov]ts plumbe\s1 und]p>ts :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,cr[n & und]p>ts :ite1 h9dneck black1 back gray4 ,notes4 ,a musical cl9k1 cl9k4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e1 bre$+ 9 ! ,arctic regions & migrat+ s\? 9 w9t]2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s\? to ! ,middle ,/ates4 ,ohio ,valley1 & ,cape ,/4 ,lucas2 *iefly m>itime4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bbc4 #bbc4 ,nor!rn ,phal>ope 7,phal>opus lobatus74 ,l4 #g4g2 ,b4 4#h4 ,bill %ort1 sl5d]1 %>ply po9t$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,brea/ ruf\s2 above slaty gray mix$ ) o*race\s on back4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,small]1 less ruf\s2 on ?roat2 above blacki% /reak$ ) ru/y4 ,yng4 ,und]p>ts & =ehead :ite2 cr[n sooty2 back blacki% /reak$ ) /raw-color4 ,w9t]4 ,upp]p>ts gray mix$ ) :ite2 und]p>ts :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l[ *ipp]+1 click+ note4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s f ,labrador & nor!rn ,briti% ,am]ica nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 w9t]s app>5tly s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates :]e x is kn[n z a migrant *iefly (f ! coa/s4 ,illu/ration3 #bbd4 #bbd4 ,wilson ,phal>ope 7,/eganopus tricolor74 ,l4 #i4e2 ,b4 #a4c4 ,bill long4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,sides ( neck black & *e/nut2 cr[n & back gray4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,small]2 *e/nut & black mu* less & dull]2 cr[n & back blacki%1 latt] sometimes ) ruf\s4 ,yng4 ,bel[ :ite2 cr[n & back black m>g9$ ) o*race\s2 nape br[ni% gray4 ,w9t]4 ,above gray1 upp] tail-cov]ts :ite2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,a s(t1 trumpet yna1 yna4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 *iefly 9 ! int]ior2 bre$s f nor!rn ,ill9ois 7r>ely71 ,m9nesota & ,c5tral ,cali=nia1 nor? to latitude #ee;,a deg42 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bhc4 #bhc4 ,turn/one 7,ar5>ia int]pres74 ,simil> to #bhc4a b l>g]1 ,w4 #f41 & upp]p>ts 9 ad4 ) black prevail+4 ,yng4 ,black] ?an "y ( #bhc4a4 ,range4--,ea/]n hemisph]e1 9 ,am]ica1 only 9 ,gre5l& & ,alaska4 #bhc4a4 ,ruddy ,turn/one 7,ar5>ia mor9ella74 ,l4 #i4e2 ,w4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,r$di% br[n prevail+ 9 upp] surface4 ,yng4 ,above & brea/ grayi% br[n m>g9$ ) buffy1 ?roat1 abdom51 rump & long upp] tail-cov]ts :ite z 9 ad42 %ort] upp] tail-cov]ts black4 ,notes4 ,:5 fly+1 a l\d twitt]+ note4 7,nuttall47 ,range4--,ne>ly cosmopolitan2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s 9 ,am]ica s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,patagonia4 ,illu/ration3 #bhh4 #bhh4 ,mexican ,jacana 7,jacana sp9osa74 ,l4 #h4 ,toes ov] #a4e4 ,ads4 ,*e/nut & black2 w+s mo/ly gre5i%4 ,yng4 ,=ehead1 l9e ov] eye1 & bel[ :ite4 ,above grayi% br[n1 sometimes ) rump *e/nut1 nape black4 ,notes4 ,a h>%1 rapidly repeat$ eep1 eep1 eep4 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico nor? to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 ,cuba & ,haiti4 ,illu/ration3 #bbe4 #bbe4 ,am]ican ,avocet 7,recurviro/ra am]icana74 ,l4 #af4e2 ,b4 #c4g4 ,ads4 ,head & neck ruf\s2 belly :ite2 w+s black & :ite4 ,yng4 & ,ads4 9 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b head & neck grayi% or :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a r musical1 l\d pl,ae,ae-,ae,aek hurri$ly repeat$4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica we/ ( ,mississippi2 bre$s f nor!rn ,/ates1 c5tral ,cali=nia & r>ely ,texas1 nor? 9 ! int]ior to latitude #ed;,a deg43 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & we/]n ,gulf ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies2 casual on ,atlantic coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #bfd4 #bfd4 ,long-bill$ ,curlew 7,num5ius longiro/ris74 ,l4 #bd2 ,b4 #f41 longe/ among our ,snipe4 ,ads4 ,above black & buffy2 tail b>r$ buffy & black2 bel[ buffy1 neck & brea/ f9ely /reak$ ) dusky4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b buff deep]4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s on ,atlantic coa/ f ,florida to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 9 int]ior nor? to ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 lat] /rays casually to ,newf\ndl& & ,ont>io2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bfe4 #bfe4 ,hudsonian ,curlew 7,num5ius hudsonicus74 ,l4 #ag2 ,b4 #c4g4 ,ads4 ,less buff ?an ,no4 #bfd2 above d>k grayi% br[n & br[ni% gray2 tail b>r$ ) same2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ /reak$2 sides b>r$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic region2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bff4 #bff4 ,eskimo ,curlew 7,num5ius borealis74 ,l4 #ac4e2 ,b4 #b4 ,ads4 ,tail b>r$ ) grayi% br[n & black2 above blacki% & buffy2 bel[ buffy1 ! brea/ ?ickly /reak$2 sides b>r$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s ,9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica2 migrates *iefly ?r\gh int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 #bbf4 #bbf4 ,black-neck$ ,/ilt 7,himantopus mexicanus74 ,l4 #ae2 ,t> #d4aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead1 l[] back1 & und]p>ts :ite2 cr[n1 h9dneck1 upp] back1 & w+s black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b upp] back & scapul>s grayi% br[n4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b br[n & black fea!rs lightly m>g9$ ) buffy4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 rapidly utt]$ ip-ip-ip :5 fly+2 a ho>se k-r-r-r-r-+ note :5 on ! gr\nd4 ,range4--,temp]ate & tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,gulf ,/ates1 7locally & r>ely 9 ,mississippi ,valley to ,m9nesota7 & ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,we/ ,indies to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 r>e ea/ ( ,mississippi except 9 ,gulf ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #bhf4 #bhf4 ,am]ican ,oy/]-cat*] 7,,hamatopus palliatus74 ,l4 #ai4 ,ads4 ,base ( tail & long] upp] tail-cov]ts :ite1 %ort] cov]ts & all back blacki% br[n2 :ite 9 w+s conspicu\s 9 flight4 ,yng4 ,simil> b fea!rs above ) buffy m>g9s4 ,notes4 ,a %>p eep1 eep4 ,range4--,temp]ate & tropical ,am]ica2 bre$s on sea coa/s only1 nor? to ,virg9ia & we/]n ,mexico2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica2 casual nor? to ,nova ,scotia4 #bhf4a4 ,fraz> ,oy/]-cat*] 7,,hamatopus fraz>i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bhf1 b d>k] above1 black brea/ pass+ into :ite belly ?r\gh a mottl$ black & :ite b&2 upp] tail cov]ts ) br[n m>k+s4 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia 7bo? coa/s71 nor? to ,los ,coronados ,isl&s4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bhg4 #bhg4 ,black ,oy/]-cat*] 7,,hamatopus ba*mani74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads4 ,black4 ,yng4 ,some:at br[n]4 ,notes4 ,a musical1 pip+ :i/le4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ,aleutian ,isl&s to ,la ,paz1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #bbh4 #bbh4 ,am]ican ,woodcock 7,philohela m9or74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,bel[ o*race\s-ruf\s2 no b>s2 =ehead slaty cr[n black ) ru/y b>s2 back mix$ black1 ru/y & slaty4 ,notes4 ,a nasal pe5t or paip2 a :i/l+ ( w+s & a twitt]+ :i/le4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally f ,florida to ,labrador & ,manitoba1 b *iefly nor?w>d2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey & s\!rn ,ill9ois to ,gulf ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #bcj4 #bcj4 ,wilson ,snipe 7,gall9ago delicata74 ,l4 #aa4b4 ,ads4 ,?roat & belly :ite or :iti%2 brea/ ru/y buff indi/9ctly /reak$2 sides b>r$2 above /reak$ black & cream-buff2 tail black & ru/y2 out] fea!rs b>r$ black & :ite4 ,notes4 ,:5 tak+ flight sev]al sudd51 ho>se scaipes2 a tremul\s1 p5etrat+ bleat+1 ?\ght to be produc$ by air ru%+ ?r\gh ! birds w+s2 a k,ak-k,ak-k,ak4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& 7r>ely ,connecticut71 nor!rn ,ill9ois & nor!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,labrador1 ,hudson ,bay1 & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,cali=nia1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bfa4 #bfa4 ,b>tramian ,s&pip] 7,b>tramia longicauda74 ,l4 #aa4e4 ,out] prim>y b>r$ black & :ite4 ,ads4 ,above black1 o*race\s1 & br[ni% gray2 brea/ & sides ) dusky arr[heads2 ?roat & belly :iti%4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b m buffy4 ,notes4 ,call1 a s(t1 bubbl+ :i/le2 song1 a prolong$1 m\rnful1 mell[ :i/le1 *r-r-r-r-r-ee-e-e-e-e-e-oo-oo-o-oo4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica *iefly int]ior2 bre$s locally f ,kansas & ,virg9ia to ,alaska & ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bfb4 #bfb4 ,buff-brea/$ ,s&pip] 7,tryngites subruficollis74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,inn] bord] ( inn] web ( prim>ies beautifully speckl$ ) black & :ite4 ,ads4 ,above black widely m>g9$ ) grayi% br[n2 bel[ o*race\s-buff2 a few black spots4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n1 f9ely & ev5ly m>g9$ ) :iti%2 bel[ mu* z 9 adult4 ,range4-,nor? ,am]ica especially 9 ! int]ior2 bre$s 9 ! ,yukon di/rict & ! int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica nor? to ! ,arctic coa/2 s\? 9 w9t] z f> z ,uruguay & ,p]u4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bha4 #bha4 ,m\nta9 ,plov] 7,podasocys montana74 ,l4 #i4 ,no black on brea/4 ,ads4 ,lores & cr[n-b& black2 above grayi% br[n wa%$ ) pale ru/y4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no black1 ru/y wa% deep]4 ,w9t]4 ,same z la/ b ru/y pal]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,kansas to ,nor? ,dakota2 w9t]s we/w>d to ,cali=nia1 s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,mexico2 accid5tal 9 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #bca4 #bca4 ,d[it*] 7,macrorhamphus griseus7 ,l4 #aj4e2 ,b4 #b4a1 pitt$ at tip4 ,ads4 ,rump1 tail1 "u w+-cov]ts1 & axill>s b>r$ black & :ite2 above black m>g9$ ) ru/y2 rump1 :ite2 bel[ r$di% br[n1 spott$ & b>r$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b brea/ gray t+$ ) ru/y2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above gray1 brea/ gray mix$ ) dusky1 belly :ite4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s *iefly nor? & nor?we/ ( ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s f ,florida to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bcb4 #bcb4 ,long-bill$ ,d[it*] 7,macrorhamphus scolopaceus74 ,b4 #b4a to #b4i4 ,simil> to prec$+ b l>g]1 bill long]2 9 adult spr+ plumage m b>r$ bel[4 ,notes4 ,a lisp+1 en]getic musical1 peet-peet2 p,aee-t]-w,aee-too2 w,aee-too repeat$4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ 9 ,alaska to ! ,arctic coa/1 migrat+ s\? 9 w9t] ?r\gh we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates 7includ+ ,mississippi ,valley7 to ,mexico1 & less commonly along ,atlantic coa/4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bcc4 #bcc4 ,/ilt ,s&pip] 7,micropalama himantopus74 ,l4 #h4b2 t>sus long1 #a4f4 ,ads4 ,entire und]p>ts & upp] tail-cov]ts :ite b>r$ ) black2 tail n b>r$4 ,yng4 ,resembles ad4 b bel[ :ite1 brea/ lightly /reak$3 rump :ite no b>s4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to yng4 b back gray4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s )9 ,arctic ,circle2 w9t]s f ,florida to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bcd4 #bcd4 ,knot 7,tr+a canutus74 ,l4 #aj4e2 ,b4 #a4c4 ,upp] tail-cov]ts ) black b>s & loops2 tail fea!rs )\t b>s n>r[ly m>g9$ ) :ite4 ,ads4 ,mix$ black1 gray & r$di% br[n above1 r$di% br[n bel[4 ,yng4 ,above gray1 m>g9$ ) cream-:ite & black2 bel[ :ite2 brea/ lightly /reak$4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b above gray4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s )9 ,arctic circle2 w9t]s f ,florida to ,s\? ,am]ica3 migrates *iefly along ! coa/s1 r>e on ,pacific coa/ ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #bdd4 #bdd4 ,curlew ,s&pip] 7,erolia f]rug9ea74 ,l4 #h2 ,b4 #a4e1 slightly curv$4 ,ads4 ,bel[ *e/nut-ruf\s1 above ru/y & black4 ,yng4 ,above br[ni% gray m>g9$ ) :iti%2 back black]2 bel[ :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above pla9 br[ni% gray2 bel[ :ite4 ,range4--,old ,_w 9 g5]al2 occasional 9 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & ,alaska4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bce4 #bce4 ,purple ,s&pip] 7,arquatella m>itima74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,above black1 m>g9$ ) ru/y & cream-buff2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ & sides heavily m>k$ ) black4 ,w9t]4 ,head1 neck1 & brea/1 slaty2 back black]1 m>g9$ ) slaty2 c5tral second>ies l>gely :ite4 ,range4--,nor!rn portions ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,nor? ,am]ica *iefly ! nor!a/]n portions1 bre$+ 9 ! high nor?1 migrat+ 9 w9t] to ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates 7casually to ,florida71 ! ,great ,lakes & ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bcf4 #bcf4 ,aleutian ,s&pip] 7,arquatella c\esi74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,simil> to ,no4 #bce1 b ad4 & yng4 ) m o*race\s2 9 w9t] grayi% m>g9s to back light] & wid]4 ,notes4 ,:5 fly+1 a l[1 cle>1 musical tweo-tweo-tweo2 :5 fe$+1 cl,a-cl,a-cl,a4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,aleutian ,isl&s & coa/ ( ,alaska1 nor? to ,k[ak ,riv]1 we/ to ,comm&] ,isl&s1 ,kam*atka4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bef4 #bef4 ,solit>y ,s&pip] 7,helodromas solit>ius74 ,l4 #h4d4 ,"u w+-cov]ts1 axill>s1 & all b middle tail-fea!rs b>r$ black & :ite4 ,ads4 ,above fusc\s ) a fa9t gre5i% t+e2 head & neck /reak$1 back spott$ ) :iti%2 bel[ :ite2 ?roat & brea/ di/9ctly /reak$ ) dusky4 ,yng4 ,few] spots & /reaks above2 brea/ m>k+s fus$4 ,w9t]4 ,practically no :ite m>k+s above4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,nor!rn ,/ates 7r>ely & sporadically7 nor?w>d2 little kn[n ( bre$+ habits2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 #bef;a4 ,we/]n ,solit>y ,s&pip] 7,h4 s4 c9namomeus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bef1 b spots above buffy1 especially 9 fall2 inn] m>g9 ( out] prim>y speckl$ black & :ite4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,briti% ,columbia 7exact bre$+ range unkn[n72 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #bfc4 #bfc4 ,spott$ ,s&pip] 7,actitis macul>ia74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ads4 ,bel[ :ite ?ickly spott$ ) black2 above br[ni% gray ) a fa9t gre5i% lu/re1 lightly m>k$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,simil> above b fa9tly m>g9$ ) dusky & buff2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ gray]2 no black m>ks4 ,w9t]4 ,same b no m>g9s above4 ,notes4 ,peet-weet1 repeat$4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ,hudson ,bay2 bre$s ?r\gh\t its ,nor? ,am]ican range2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,we/ ,indies to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bhd4 #bhd4 ,black ,turn/one 7,ar5>ia melanocephala74 ,l4 #i4 ,no ru/y2 l[] back1 long] upp] tail-cov]ts & base ( tail :ite2 %ort] upp] tail-cov]ts black4 ,ads4 ,above & brea/ br[ni% black2 belly :ite4 ,yng4 ,br[n] m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,w9t]4 ,same z ,yng1 b no m>g9s4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 weet1 weet1 too-weet4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska to ,santa ,m>g>ita ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia2 bre$+ f ,alaska to ,briti% ,columbia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bcg4 #bcg4 ,pribil( ,s&pip] 7,arquatella ptilocnemis74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #bcf above b cr[n mu* light]2 brea/ ) a black pat*4 ,yng4 ,resemble adult above b brea/ grayi% indi/9ctly /reak$ & ) a pale buff b&2 belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to yng4 b slaty gray above4 ,range4--,bre$+ 9 ! ,pribil( ,isl&s1 ,alaska1 & migrat+ to coa/ ( adjac5t ma9l& s\? ( ,norton ,s\nd4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bdc;a4 #bdc;a4 ,r$-back$ ,s&pip] 7,pelidna alp9a pacifica74 ,l4 #h2 ,b4 #a4e2 slightly curv$4 ,ads4 ,belly black2 back *iefly ru/y4 ,yng4 ,brea/ buffy1 lightly /reak$ ) dusky2 belly :ite spott$ ) black2 back black1 ru/y1 & buff4 ,w9t]4 ,above br[ni% gray2 bel[ :ite2 brea/ grayi%1 indi/9ctly /reak$4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions & w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & ,cali=nia to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bdf4 #bdf4 ,semipalmat$ ,s&pip] 7,ereunetes pusillus74 ,l4 #f4c2 ,b4 4#f to 4#h4 ,toes webb$ at base4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% gray & black2 little or no ru/y2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ indi/9ctly /reak$4 ,yng4 ,above ) ru/y & :iti% m>g9s2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ grayi% no /reaks4 ,w9t]4 ,above br[ni% gray ) black %aft /reaks2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 weet-weet4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bdg4 #bdg4 ,we/]n ,s&pip] 7,ereunetes occid5talis74 ,simil> to prec$+ b bill long] 4#h to #a4b2 ads4 m ru/y above1 brea/ /reaks m di/9ct1 & m num]\s4 ,notes4 ,call1 a s(t weet-weet2 song1 utt]$ on ! w+1 a rapid1 uni=m s]ies ( r musical trills4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 *iefly we/ ( ,mississippi ,valley2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bdh4 #bdh4 ,s&]l+ 7,calidris ar5>ia74 ,l4 #h4 ,?ree toes1 t>sus scal$4 ,ads4 ,above ru/y1 black & grayi%2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ spott$ ) black & wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,yng4 ,nape grayi%1 back black1 fea!rs ) two :ite or yell[i% :ite t]m9al spots2 bel[ silky :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,above br[ni% gray ) dusky %aft /reaks2 bel[ silky :ite4 ,range4--,ne>ly cosmopolitan1 bre$+ 9 ,arctic & ,sub-,arctic regions1 migrat+1 9 ,am]ica1 s\? to ,*ili & ,patagonia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bch4 #bch4 ,%>p-tail$ ,s&pip] 7,actodromas acum9ata74 ,l4 #h4g4 ,tail fea!rs po9t$4 ,ads4 ,a :ite l9e ov] eye2 brea/ buff /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,yng4 ,cr[n z 9 ad41 back black & ru/y2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ buffy1 no /reaks4 ,w9t]4 ,back grayi% br[n /reak$ ) blacki%2 bel[ z 9 yng41 b brea/ gray] & ) indi/9ct /reaks4 ,notes4 ,a s(t metallic pleep-pleep4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,asia1 & coa/ ( ,alaska1 migrat+ s\? to ,java & ,au/ralia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bci4 #bci4 ,pectoral ,s&pip] 7,actodromas maculata74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,middle tail-fea!rs longe/1 po9t$1 blacki% m>g9$ ) ru/y2 above black & ru/y2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ ?ickly /reak$2 upp] tail-cov]ts black4 ,yng4 & 9 w9t] mu* ! same4 ,notes4 ,call1 a grat+ :i/le2 song1 a holl[1 resonant1 musical t,a,a-,a1 repeat$ eight times1 made aft] fill+ ,asophagus ) air until x is puff$ out to size ( ! body4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica2 r>e on ,pacific coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #bdj4 #bdj4 ,:ite-rump$ ,s&pip] 7,actodromas fuscicollis74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,long] upp] tail-cov]ts :ite4 ,ads4 ,brea/ :ite1 di/9ctly spott$ or /reak$4 ,yng4 ,m ruf\s above2 brea/ less di/9ctly /reak$4 ,w9t]4 ,br[ni% gray above2 simil> to yng4 bel[4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ! int]ior nor? ( ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 r>e on ,pacific coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #bda4 #bda4 ,baird ,s&pip] 7,actodromas bairdii74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,no ru/y 9 plumage4 ,ads4 ,longe/ upp] tail-cov]ts blacki%2 brea/ buffy1 fa9tly /reak$4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b back conspicu\sly m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,w9t]4 ,above buffy grayi% br[n1 no :ite m>g9s4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ! ,arctic regions & w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bdb4 #bdb4 ,lea/ ,s&pip] 7,actodromas m9utilla74 ,l4 #f4 ,sm>te/ ( our ,s&pip]s4 ,ads4 ,above black1 buff & ruf\s2 bel[ :ite brea/ lightly /reak$4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b brea/ less di/9ctly /reak$4 ,w9t]4 ,above br[ni% gray1 (t5 /reak$ ) black1 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,peep-peep4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,sable ,isl& & ,magdal5s nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & ,cali=nia s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bdi4 #bdi4 ,m>bl$ ,godwit 7,limosa f$oa74 ,l4 #ah2 ,b4 #d2 slightly recurv$4 ,tail b>r$1 c9namon & black2 "u w+-cov]ts c9namon ) m or less f9e black m>k+s4 ,ads4 ,above black & o*race\s2 bel[ buffy :ite f9ely & uni=mly b>r$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b ) no or ) b few b>s bel[4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ! int]ior f we/]n ,m9nesota1 r>ely ,i[a & ,nebraska nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #bej4 #bej4 ,pacific ,godwit 7,limosa lapponica bau]i74 ,l4 #af4 ,b4 #c4g1 slightly recurv$1 tail b>r$ black & :ite2 "u w+-cov]ts black & :ite4 ,ads4 ,head1 neck & l[] p>ts1 pla9 c9namon color4 7,ridgw47 ,w9t]4 ,above black1 grayi% & ru/y1 =m] prevail+2 bel[ :ite2 ?roat /reak$1 else:]e ) irregul>1 black b>s4 ,notes4 ,a l\d r++ k,a-we'w1 repeat$4 ,range4--,%ores & ,isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 f ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia to ,kam*atka & ,alaska4 ,on ! ,am]ican coa/ record$ s\? ( ,alaska only f ,la ,paz1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bea4 #bea4 ,hudsonian ,godwit 7,limosa h,ama/ica74 ,l4 #ae2 ,b4 #c4b1 slightly recurv$4 ,"u w+-cov]ts dusky2 upp] tail-cov]ts black & :ite2 tail black at end1 :ite at base4 ,ads4 ,above black1 ru/y & grayi%1 bel[ *e/nut-r$ b>r$ ) blacki% & fa9tly tipp$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b bel[ buffy :iti%1 brea/ gray]4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> bel[ b above br[ni% gray4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica *iefly int]ior2 bre$s 9 ,arctic ,regions2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bgj4 #bgj4 ,black-belli$ ,plov] 7,squat>ola squat>ola74 ,l4 #aa4 ,h9d-toe pres5t1 small4 ,ads4 ,above black & :ite1 no yell[i%2 bel[ black4 ,yng4 ,above grayi% br[n spott$ ) :ite & "s yell[i%2 bel[ :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to prec$+ b ne>ly uni=m br[ni% above4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,arctic ,regions1 w9t]s 9 ,am]ica f ,florida to ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #bgb4 #bgb4 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,plov] 7,*>adrius dom9icus74 ,l4 #aj4e2 ,w4 #g4 ,no h9d-toe2 axill>s dusky4 ,ads4 ,above conspicu\sly spott$ ) yell[2 bel[ black1 sides ( brea/ :ite4 ,yng4 ,dull] above1 bel[ grayi% :ite ) dusky m>ks & yell[i% wa%4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> b no yell[ bel[4 ,notes4 ,call1 a pla9tive too-lee-e2 song1 a m>vel\sly h>moni\s succession ( notes4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,we/]n ,hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 ,arctic ,regions2 w9t]s f ,florida to ,patagonia1 r>e on ,pacific coa/4 #bgb;a4 ,pacific ,gold5 ,plov] 7,c4 d4 fulvus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bgb b w+ %ort]1 #f4e2 yell[ ri*]4 ,range4--,bre$+ f nor!rn ,asia to ! ,pribil( ,isl&s & coa/ ( ,alaska1 s\? 9 w9t] ?r\gh ,*9a & ,india to ,au/ralia & ,polynesia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bed4 #bed4 ,great] ,yell[-legs 7,totanus melanoleucus74 ,l4 #ad2 ,b4 #b4b4 ,no ru/y2 upp] tail-cov]ts mo/ly :ite2 tail b>r$ ) black & :ite or gray4 ,ads4 ,above black m>g9$ ) :iti%2 bel[ :ite & black4 ,yng4 ,above grayi% m>g9$ ) :iti%2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ lightly /reak$4 ,w9t]4 ,simil> b :ite m>g9s less conspicu\s4 ,notes4 ,a :i/l$ :eu1 :eu-:eu-:eu-:eu-:eu-:eu1 :eu-:eu4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,m9nesota1 r>ely nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,antico/i nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates & ,cali=nia to s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bee4 #bee4 ,yell[-legs 7,totanus flavipes74 ,l4 #aj4g2 ,b4 #a4d4 ,simil> 9 color to prec$+ b small] 9 size4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s r>ely 9 upp] ,mississippi ,valley b *iefly nor? ( latitude #ee;,a deg42 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to s\!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 r>e on ,pacific coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #beh4 #beh4 ,willet 7,symphemia semipalmata74 ,l4 #ae2 ,w4 #h2 ,b4 #b4a4 ,prim>ies black ) a broad :ite b&2 upp] tail-cov]ts mo/ly :ite4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% gray1 black1 & a little buff2 bel[ :ite heavily m>k$ ) black & slightly wa%$ ) buff4 ,yng4 ,above br[ni% gray m>g9$ ) buffy2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ lightly /reak$ ) dusky4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b above pla9 br[ni% gray4 ,notes4 ,song1 pilly-w-willet1 repeat$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,florida to s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 lat] /rays casually to ,ma9e2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,s\? ,am]ica4 #beh;a4 ,we/]n ,willet 7,s4 s4 inornata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #beh b slightly l>g]4 ,w4 #h4e2 ,b4 #b4d4 ,9 summ] above pal]1 less heavily m>k$ ) black bo? above & bel[4 ,yng4 & ,w9t]4 ,indi/+ui%able 9 color f ,no4 #beh4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,texas to ,manitoba2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,a r>e migrant on ,atlantic coa/ f ,s\? ,c>ol9a to ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #bei4 #bei4 ,w&]+ ,tatl] 7,het]actitis incanus74 ,l4 #aa4 ,tail-cov]ts pla9 slaty gray4 ,ads4 ,above pla9 slaty gray2 bel[ :ite b>r$ ) slaty gray4 ,yng4 ,above slaty gray m or less m>g9$ ) :iti%2 brea/ & sides slaty gray2 ?roat & belly :ite4 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b no :ite m>g9s above4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,briti% ,columbia nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,hawaiian ,isl&s & ,galapagos4 ,illu/ration3 #bhb4 #bhb4 ,surf ,bird 7,aphriza virgata74 ,l4 #aj2 ,b4 #a4 ,upp] tail-cov]ts & base ( tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,ads4 ,above black1 slaty1 & ru/y4 ,yng4 ,above slaty m>g9$ ) :iti%2 brea/ b>r$ slaty & :iti%2 belly :ite spott$ ) slaty4 ,w9t]4 ,! same1 b no :iti% m>g9s4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ( ,am]ica1 f ,alaska to ,*ili4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bgc4 #bgc4 ,killde] 7,oxye*us vocif]us74 ,l4 #aj4e4 ,rump & upp] tail-cov]ts ru/y4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n & ru/y2 bel[ :ite ) two black r+s4 ,notes4 ,a noisy kilde,ae1 kilde,ae4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ,newf\ndl&1 ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 7r>e on ,nor? ,atlantic coa/72 bre$s locally ?r\gh\t its range2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia1 ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley & ,cali=nia s\? to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #bgd4 ,foot detail #a_/b ,size4 ,illu/ration3 #bgd4 #bgd4 ,semipalmat$ ,plov] 7,agialitis semipalmata74 ,l4 #f4g4 ,web betwe5 bases ( inn] & middle toes4 ,ads4 ,"o black r+ ar\nd neck2 a :ite r+ 9 front ( x4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b black p>ts br[ni%2 back m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,w9t]4 ,same z la/ b no :iti% m>g9s4 ,range4--,bre$s f ,labrador nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,brazil4 #bge4 ,r+ ,plov] 7,agialitis hiaticula74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,no webs betwe5 toes4 ,simil> to #bgd b l>g]1 bill yell[ at base1 black or br[n b&s wid]4 ,range4--,nor!rn p>ts ( ,old ,_w & portions ( ,arctic ,am]ica1 bre$+ on ! we/ %ore ( ,cumb]l& ,gulf4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bgg4 #bgg4 ,pip+ ,plov] 7,agialitis meloda74 ,l4 #g2 ,b4 %ort1 4#e4 ,v pale above4 ,ads4 ,above a%y1 cr[n & sides ( brea/ black2 no ru/y4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b black replac$ by a%y gray4 ,notes4 ,a %ort pla9tive1 pip+ :i/le1 repeat$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,virg9ia to ,newf\ndl&2 w9t]s f ,florida s\?w>d4 #bgg;a4 ,belt$ ,pip+ ,plov] 7,a4 m4 circumc9cta74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bgg b black on sides ( brea/ meet+ to =m a brea/ b&4 ,range4--,mississippi ,valley2 bre$s f nor!rn ,ill9ois & ,nebraska nor? to ,lake ,w9nipeg1 ea/ to ,magdal5 & ,sable ,isl&s2 w9t]s f ,gulf s\?w>d2 casual migrant on ,atlantic coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #bgh4 #bgh4 ,sn[y ,plov] 7,agialitis nivosa74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,no complete r+4 ,ads4 ,black on cr[n2 e>-cov]ts & sides ( brea/ black4 ,yng4 ,! same1 b no black2 above m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,w9t]4 ,same z la/ b no :iti% m>g9s4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ to ,texas & ,kansas2 bre$s f ,indian ,t]ritory & s\!rn ,cali=nia nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,texas & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #bhj4 #bhj4 ,wilson ,plov] 7,o*?odromus wilsonius74 ,l4 #g4e2 ,b4 4#h4 ,no black on h9dneck4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,"o black brea/-& cr[n-b&2 "s ru/y ab\t head4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b black areas br[ni% gray4 ,yng4 ,same z la/1 b above m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,w9t]4 ,no :iti% m>g9s4 ,range4--,tropical & temp]ate ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,virg9ia1 ,gulf ,/ates1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia2 w9t]s s\?w>d to ,brazil2 casual nor? to ,nova ,scotia4 ,ord] ,x4 ,,gr\se1 ,,p>tridges1 ,,bob-,,:ites1 ,,etc4 ,,gall9a4 ,family #a4 ,,gr\se1 ,,p>tridges1 etc4 ,tetraonid,a4 #ba species1 #bb subspecies4 ,family #b4 ,,turkeys1 ,,pheasants1 etc4 ,phasianid,a4 #a species4 #c subspecies4 ,family #c4 ,,curass[s & ,,guans4 ,cracid,a4 #a species4 ,! memb]s ( ! family ,tetraonid,a are usually plac$ 9 ?ree subfamilies z foll[s3 7#a47 ,perdicin,a1 conta9+ ! true ,quails & ,p>tridges ( ! ,old ,_w & ) no species 9 ,am]ica4 7#b47 ,odontophorin,a1 includ+ ! ,bob-:ites & s-call$ ',quails' & ',p>tridges' ( ! ,new ,_w1 & ) no species 9 ! ea/]n hemisph]e4 7#c47 ,tetraonin,a1 ! ,gr\se1 ) repres5tatives 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( bo? hemisph]es4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! fir/ two families h ! legs b>e1 :ile ! ,gr\se h ! legs1 & (t5 ev5 ! toes1 m or less fea!r$4 ,! application ( diff]5t names to ! memb]s ( ?is family1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 (t5 make x unc]ta9 j :at species is ref]r$ to "u a giv5 title4 ,our ,bob-:ite1 = example1 is a ',quail' at ! nor? & a ',p>tridge' at ! s\?4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is1 /rictly speak+1 nei!r a true ,quail nor ,p>tridge b a memb] ( a family re/rict$ to ,am]ica4 ,aga91 ! ,ruff$ ,gr\se is a ',p>tridge' at ! nor? & a ',pheasant' at ! s\?1 :]eas 9 tru? x is nei!r "o nor ! o!r4 ,s f> z ! application ( ^! local names goes1 x is to be not$ t :]e ! ,bob-:ite is call$ ',quail' ! ,gr\se is call$ ',p>tridge' & t :]e x is call$ ',p>tridge' ! ,gr\se is kn[n z ',pheasant'4 ,all ! ,tetraonid,a are gr\nd-inhabit+ birds1 & _! plumage ( bl5d$ br[ns1 buffs & grays br+s !m into su* close h>mony ) _! surr\nd+s t1 z a rule1 we are unaw>e ( ! pres5ce ( "o ( ^! birds until1 ) a :irr+ ( %ort1 /iff1 r\nd$ w+s x spr+s f ! gr\nd at our feet4 ,x is ?is habit ( 'ly+ close1' z sportsm5 t]m x1 9 connection ) _! excell5t fle%1 :i* makes ! memb]s ( ?is family ! favorites ( ! hunt] & epicure & only ! mo/ /r+5t protective measures w prev5t _! ext9ction z _! haunts become settl$4 ,) ! ,pt>migan ?is h>mony 9 color is c>ri$ to a rem>kable extreme1 ! birds be+ :ite 9 w9t] & br[n1 buff & black 9 summ]2 :ile dur+ ! e>ly fall !y assume a grayi%1 neutral t9t$ plumage to bridge ov] ! p]iod f ! end ( ! ne/+ season1 9 ,july1 to ! com+ ( ! sn[ 9 ,septemb]4 ,! ,tetraonid,a all ne/ on ! gr\nd1 lay+ usually f t5 to tw5ty eggs4 ,! "y1 l ^? ( _! relative1 ! dome/ic f[l1 are born cov]$ ) d[ny fea!rs & c run ab\t %ortly aft] bir?4 ,! ,turkey is ! only wild memb] ( ! ,phasianid,a 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ! family is well-repres5t$ 9 ! dome/icat$ ,*ick5s1 ,peacocks1 & ,pheasants1 all ( :i* h desc5d$ f ,old ,_w ance/ors4 ,our dome/icat$ ,turkey is d]iv$ f ! ,wild ,turkey ( ,mexico1 :i* 0 introduc$ into ,europe %ortly aft] ! ,conque/ & 0 !nce br\ght to ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x diff]s f ! ,wild ,turkey ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates *iefly 9 ! color ( ! tips ( ! upp] tail-cov]ts4 ,^! are :iti% 9 ! dome/icat$ ,turkey1 z !y are 9 ! ,mexican race f :i*1 x has desc5d$1 & ru/y br[n 9 ! ,ea/]n ,wild ,turkey4 ,besides ! five races ( ,wild ,turkey describ$ beyond1 ano!r species ( ,turkey is f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is is ! ,honduras or ,yucatan ,turkey1 n[ l>gely conf9$ to ! p59sula ( ,yucatan4 ,x is n s l>ge z our bird1 b is ev5 m beautifully color$1 its plumage be+ a h>moni\s comb9ation ( blue1 gray & copp]4 ,r+-neck$ & ',engli%' ,pheasants h be5 introduc$ into v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton & 9 ! ea/1 on v>i\s private game pres]ves1 !y h become naturaliz$4 ,! true ,engli% ,pheasant 7,phasianus col*icus7 is believ$ to h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& f ,asia ,m9or probably by ! ,romans4 ,unlike ! ,r+-neck$ ,pheasant 7,phasianus torquatus7 x has no :ite coll>4 ,! la/ nam$ species1 h[ev]1 has also be5 introduc$ into ,engl& :]e x freely int]bre$s ) ! e>li] e/abli%$ ,engli% ,pheasant & individuals )\t at lea/ a trace ( :ite on ! neck are n[ comp>atively r>e4 ,! ,curass[s & ,guans are tropical ,am]ican birds1 only "o species rea*+ ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y are arboreal 9 habit & =m an int]e/+ l9k betwe5 ! ,p>tridges1 etc4 & ! ,pigeons4 ,bob-:ite & ,p>tridge ,illu/ration3 #bhi4 #bhi4 ,bob-:ite2 ',quail2' ',p>tridge' 7,col9us virg9ianus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye buff4 ,notes4 ,song1 a r++1 :i/l$ ,bob-:ite or buck-:eat-ripe2 calls1 a conv]sational quit-quit & a :i/l$ :]e-are-y & ,i'm "h1 repeat$ly utt]$ :5 ! individuals ( a flock are sep>at$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 resid5t f s\!rn ,dakota1 s\!rn ,m9nesota1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 s\!rn ,v]mont1 ,new ,hamp%ire & ,ma9e1 s\? to ,georgia & we/]n ,florida2 we/ to ,s\? ,dakota1 ,nebraska1 ,kansas1 ,oklahoma1 & ea/]n ,texas4 ,introduc$ at v>i\s po9ts 9 ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico1 ,utah1 ,idaho1 ,cali=nia & ,wa%+ton4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bhi;a4 #bhi;a4 ,florida ,bob-:ite 7,c4 v4 floridanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bhi1 b small]1 ,l4 #h4e1 & mu* d>k]2 black b>s bel[ m num]\s4 ,range4--,florida2 typical only 9 s\!rn half ( p59sula1 grad+ into ,no4 #bhi 9 nor!rn & we/]n p>ts ( ! /ate4 #bhi;b4 ,texan ,bob-:ite 7,c4 v4 texanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bhi1 b br[n & buff areas pal]2 black b>s bel[ wid]4 ,range4--,texas1 except we/]n "p1 r>ely to we/]n ,kansas1 s\? to ,nuevo ,leon & ,tamaulipas1 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #bia4 #bia4 ,mask$ ,bob-:ite 7,col9us ridgwayi74 ,l4 #i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat black2 brea/ & belly r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #bhi;b4 ,notes4 ,song1 ,bob-:ite2 call1 :5 ! birds are scatt]$1 hoo-we4 7,h4 ,br[n47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,sonora1 ,mexico1 nor? to ,pima ,c\nty1 ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #bif4 #bif4 ,me>ns ,p>tridge 7,cyrtonyx montezum,a me>nsi74 ,l4 #i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,sides ) num]\s1 l>ge1 cr[d$ :ite spots4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,p9ki% br[n1 above /reak$ ) buffy & m>k$ ) *e/nut & black1 bel[ ) a few brok5 black b>s4 ,notes4 ,a l[1 murmur+ :9e2 a cle> dsiup-*iur1 :5 al>m$1 *uk-*uk-*uk4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico1 we/]n ,texas1 s\!rn ,new ,mexico & s\!rn ,arizona4 ,p>tridges ,illu/ration3 #bib4 #bib4 ,m\nta9 ,p>tridge 7,oreortyx pictus74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,h9dhead & nape same color z back2 inn] m>g9s ( t]tials buff4 ,notes4 ,song1 an explosive :i/le end+ 9 a ?roaty tone2 call1 a rapidly repeat$ cuh-cuh-cuh-cuh1 & a %>p pit-pit4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,santa ,b>b>a1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to s\!rn ,wa%+ton4 #bib;a4 ,plum$ ,p>tridge 7,o4 p4 plumif]us74 ,h9dhead1 nape1 & =eback same color z brea/2 inn] m>g9s ( t]tials :ite4 ,range4--,si]ra ,nevada 7bo? slopes71 ea/ to ,panam9t ,m\nta9s2 & to ,m\nt ,magrud]1 ,nevada2 s\? 9 ! coa/ ranges f ,san ,francisco ,bay to ,l[] ,cali=nia 7,campos74 7,a4,o4,u47 #bib;b4 ,san ,p$ro ,p>tridge 7,o4 p4 conf9is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bib;a1 b upp]p>ts mu* gray]1 ! back1 rump1 & upp] tail-cov]ts be+ gray v slightly t+$ ) olive2 bill /\t]4 7,ridgway47 ,range4--,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #bic4 #bic4 ,scal$ ,p>tridge 7,callipepla squamata74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,belly )\t *e/nut pat*2 brea/ & =eback grayi% blue edg$ ) black2 back br[ni% gray4 ,notes4 ,a nasal pe-cos' pe-cos' 7,bailey47 ,range4--,tablel& ( ,mexico1 f ! ,valley ( ,mexico1 nor? to c5tral & we/]n ,texas1 ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico & s\!rn ,arizona4 7,a4,o4,u47 #bic;a4 ,*e/nut-belli$ ,scal$ ,p>tridge 7,c4 s4 ca/anoga/ris74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bic1 b ,male ) *e/nut pat* on belly2 ,female ) belly mu* ru/i] ?an 9 ,female ( ,no4 #bic4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 nor?we/ to ,eagle ,pass1 ,texas2 s\? into nor!a/]n ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #bid4 #bid4 ,cali=nia ,p>tridge 7,lophortyx cali=nica74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above olive-br[n2 belly pat* *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,plumes %ort]2 ?roat :iti% /reak$ ) dusky2 no di/9ct *e/nut pat* on belly4 ,notes4 ,song1 a pheasant l cr[ & a cr[+1 emphatic sit-"r-d[n'1 sit-"r-d[n'2 calls1 a %>p pit-pit pit1 & a note l t ( a "y ,rob94 ,range4--,coa/ region ( ,cali=nia s\? to ,mont]ey1 introduc$ 9 ,oregon1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,briti% ,columbia4 7,a4,o4,u47 #bid;a4 ,valley ,p>tridge 7,l4 c4 vallicola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #bid1 b mu* gray] above2 sometimes pla9 blui% gray )\t br[n t+e4 ,range4--,f we/]n & s\!rn ,oregon1 except ne> ! coa/1 s\? ?r\gh we/]n ,nevada & ! int]ior ( ,cali=nia to ,cape ,/4 ,lucas4 7,b5dire47 ,illu/ration3 #bie4 #bie4 ,gambel ,p>tridge 7,lophortyx gambelii74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 =ehead & belly pat* black2 h9dhead *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b ?roat grayi% buff2 =ehead gray2 no black on belly2 h9d head br[ni%2 cre/ small]4 ,notes4 ,song1 yuk-k,ae-ja4 ,range4--,we/]n ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 s\!rn ,utah1 s\!rn ,nevada1 s\!rn ,cali=nia 9 ! ,colorado ,valley & s\? into nor?we/]n ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #big4 #big4 ,dusky ,gr\se 7,d5dragapus obscurus74 ,l4 ,male1 #bj4 ,female1 #ah4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,gray tail-b& ov] "o in* wide on middle fea!r2 bel[ grayi% slate2 above blacki% ) f9e ru/y & grayi% m>k+s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,) m :ite bel[2 =eback regul>ly b>r$ ) buffy2 middle tail-fea!rs irregul>ly b>r$ ) buff or grayi%2 t]m9al gray b& f9ely m>k$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 v5triloquial1 hoot+ or boom+4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s1 f c5tral ,montana & s\!a/]n ,idaho to ,new ,mexico & ,arizona2 ea/ to ! ,black ,hills1 ,s\? ,dakota & we/ to ,ea/ ,humboldt ,m\nta9s1 ,nevada4 7,a4,o4,u47 #big;a4 ,sooty ,gr\se 7,d4 o4 fulig9osus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #big1 b slightly d>k]1 gray b& on c5tral tail fea!r less ?an "o in* wide4 ,range4--,nor?we/ ,coa/ ,m\nta9s1 f ,cali=nia to ,sitka1 ea/ to ,nevada1 we/]n ,idaho & portions ( ,briti% ,columbia4 7,a4,o4,u47 #big;b4 ,ri*>dson ,gr\se 7,d4 o4 ri*>dsonii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #big;a1 b no tail b&1 or1 if %[+ indi/9ctly f above1 n visible f bel[4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s1 especially on ! ea/]n slopes1 f c5tral ,montana1 nor!rn ,wyom+ & s\!a/]n ,idaho1 into ,briti% ,am]ica to ,li>d ,riv]4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #bih4 #bih4 ,hudsonian ,spruce ,gr\se 7,cana*ites canad5sis74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) br[n2 =eback m>g9$ ) blui% gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above1 bases ( fea!rs m or less b>r$ ) ru/y especially on =eback2 ?roat & brea/ b>r$ ) ru/y & black2 belly z 9 male4 ,notes4 ,a drumm+ s\nd produc$ by ! beat+ ( ! w+s4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region4 #bih;b4 ,alaska ,spruce ,gr\se 7,c4 c4 osgoodi74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male4 ( ,no4 #bih;c1 b m>g9s to fea!rs ( =eback br[ni% a%y4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,female ( ,no4 #bih;c1 b pal]1 b>r$ ) buff in/ead ( ru/y4 ,range4--,alaska4 #bih;c4 ,canada ,gr\se 7,c4 c4 canace74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male4 ( ,no4 #bih4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,female ( ,no4 #bih1 b above m ru/y1 ru/y b>s deep] & m conspicu\s1 %[+ ?r\gh\t upp] surface & on flanks4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,nova ,scotia & ,quebec we/ to nor!rn ,m9nesota4 ,illu/ration3 #bii4 #bii4 ,frankl9 ,gr\se 7,cana*ites frankl9ii74 ,resembles ,no4 #bih1 b tail )\t br[n tips1 sometimes tipp$ ) :ite4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 f nor?we/]n ,montana to ! coa/ ranges ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 & nor?w>d 9 ,briti% ,am]ica1 rea*+ ! ,pacific coa/ ( s\!rn ,alaska 7latitude #fj;,a deg474 7,a4,o4,u47 ,gr\se & ,pt>migan ,illu/ration3 #cjj4 #cjj4 ,ruff$ ,gr\se2 ',p>tridge2' ',pheasant' 7,bonasa umbellus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,prevail+ color above ru/y br[n2 tail ru/y or gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b neck-tufts small]4 ,notes4 ,! male produces a drumm+ s\nd by rapidly beat+ its w+s2 ! female utt]s a cluck & :5 def5d+ h] brood1 a s+ul> l[ :9+ s\nd4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ,m9nesota1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 s\!rn ,new ,hamp%ire & s\!rn ,v]mont1 s\? to ,virg9ia & along ! ,alleghanies to ,georgia2 we/ to nor?we/]n ,arkansas4 #cjj;a4 ,canadian ,ruff$ ,gr\se 7,b4 u4 togata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjj1 b slightly gray] above2 tail g5]ally gray2 b>s on brea/ & belly d>k] & bett] def9$4 ,range4--,spruce =e/s ( ,new ,brunswick1 ,nova ,scotia1 ,ma9e nor!rn ,new ,hamp%ire1 nor!rn ,v]mont & s\? to high] m\nta9s ( ,massa*usetts & nor!rn ,new ,york2 we/ to ea/]n slope ( coa/ ranges ( ,oregon1 ,wa%+ton & ,briti% ,columbia2 nor? to ,james ,bay4 #cjj;b4 ,gray ,ruff$ ,gr\se 7,b4 u4 umbelloides74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjj;a1 b gray]2 prevail+ color ( upp]p>ts1 includ+ cr[n1 gray2 tail always gray4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s1 f ,colorado nor? to latitude #fe;,a deg4 9 ,alaska1 ea/ to ,mack5zie & popl> woods ( we/]n ,manitoba4 ,illu/ration3 #cjj;c4 #cjj;c4 ,oregon ,ruff$ ,gr\se 7,b4 u4 sab9i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjj1 b mu* d>k]1 prevail+ color ( upp] p>ts ru/y br[n2 tail always ru/y br[n4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ ranges f ,cape ,m5doc9o1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 ,pt>migan ,illu/ration3 #cja4 ,w9t] ,illu/ration3 #cja4 ,summ] #cja4 ,will[ ,pt>migan 7,lagopus lagopus74 ,l4 #ae4 ,bill l>ge1 m ?an 4#d deep at base2 tail black1 n>r[ly tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,male ,summ]4 ,?roat & upp] brea/ ru/y br[n4 ,ad4 ,male ,fall4 ,ru/i] & m f9ely m>k$ above4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,summ]4 ,above black b>r$ ) buff & tipp$ ) :ite2 bel[ buff b>r$ ) black2 middle ( belly :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,fall4 ,mu* l fall male4 ,ads41 ,w9t]4 ,:ite1 tail black tipp$ ) :ite2 no black be=e eye4 ,notes4 ,song1 k,a-k,a-k,a-k,a :ile asc5d+ five or t5 y>ds 9 ! air2 a h>d roll+ kr-r-r-r :5 desc5d+4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,arctic ,regions2 9 ,am]ica bre$+ s\? to ,lat4 #ee;,a deg4 9 w9t] migrat+ s\? to ,lat4 #ej;,a deg42 record$ once f ,p5obscot ,co41 ,ma9e1 & once f ,man*e/]1 ,mass4 #cja;a4 ,all5 ,pt>migan 7,l4 l4 all5i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cja1 b ,female m f9ely m>k$2 %afts ( prim>ies1 at all seasons1 /rongly black spread+ to ! web ( ! fea!r4 ,range4--,newf\ndl&4 ,illu/ration3 #cjb4 ,illu/ration3 #cjb4 ,autumn4 #cjb4 ,rock ,pt>migan 7,lagopus rupe/ris74 ,l4 #ad4 ,bill less ?an 4#d deep at base2 tail black4 ,always to be kn[n f ,no4 #cja by its small] bill4 ,ad4 ,male ,summ]4 ,above irregul>ly b>r$ & mottl$ ) gray & ru/y buff2 bel[ b>r$ black & :ite & ru/y buff4 ,ad4 ,male ,fall4 ,above m9utely speckl$ black1 gray & buff1 ! prevail+ color be+ grayi% br[n4 ,ad4 ,male ,w9t]4 ,:ite1 lores & tail black4 ,ad4 ,female ,summ]4 ,above black b>r$ ) ru/y & m>g9$ ) :iti%2 bel[ ru/y b>r$ ) black & tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female ,fall4 ,l fall ,male4 ,ad4 ,female ,w9t]4 ,l w9t] ,male b no black be=e eye4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica f ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce & high] m\nta9s ( ,briti% ,columbia nor? to ,arctic ,regions 7except nor!rn ,labrador7 we/ ?r\gh ,alaska to ,aleutian ,isl&s4 #cjb;a4 ,re9h>dt ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 re9h>dti74 ,ad4 ,male ,summ]4 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjb1 b less regul>ly & co>sely b>r$ above 7,ridgw47 ,ad4 ,female ,summ]4 ,resembles ,female ( ,no4 #cjb4 ,ads4 ,fall4 ,mu* gray] ?an ,no4 #cjb 9 fall4 ,ads4 ,w9t]4 ,l ,no4 #cjb 9 w9t]4 ,notes4 ,:5 c\rt+ ! male utt]s a gr[l+ kurr-kurr4 7,turn]47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,labrador nor? to ,gre5l&4 #cjb;b4 ,nelson ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 nelsoni74 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,gr\nd color ( upp]p>ts deep umb]-br[n1 v f9ely & d5sely v]miculat$2 *e/ b>r$ ) bright tawny br[n & black4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,simil> to ,male ( ,no4 #cjb4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,unalaska1 ,aleutian ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,beaks - #cja4 #cjb4 ,nat4 ,size #cjb;c4 ,turn] ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 atkh5sis74 ,light] 9 g5]al hue ?an #cjb;d & )\t black blot*es on upp]p>ts4 7,elliot47 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,gr\nd color ( upp]p>ts pale raw-umb] br[n1 mix$ ) pale grayi%2 *e/ & neck b>r$ ) pale br[ni% o*re & black4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,gr\nd color ( upp]p>ts ru/y1 mix$ ) pale grayi% buff1 n>r[ly & irregul>ly b>r$ ) black2 *e/ & neck co>sely b>r$ ) ru/y & black4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,atka1 ,aleutian ,isl&s4 #cjb;d4 ,t[ns5d ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 t[ns5di74 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,above1 brea/ & flanks raw umb] f9ely v]miculat$ ) black on back2 ) black blot*es on head1 neck & upp]p>t ( back & w+s4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,above o*race\s1 blot*$ & b>r$ ) black2 light] bel[4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,kyska & ,adak1 ,aleutian ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 #cjb4a #cjb4a4 ,ev]mann ,pt>migan 7,lagopus ev]manni74 ,l4 #ac4i4 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,above & brea/ black slightly m>k$ ) ru/y4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,entire body plumage1 o*race\s1 blot*$ & b>r$ ) black & above tipp$ ) :ite or o*race\s3 bel[ black b>s wid] & no :ite tips4 7,elliot47 ,range4--,attu1 ,aleutian ,isl&s4 #cjc4 ,wel* ,pt>migan 7,lagopus wel*i74 ,l4 ab\t #ad4 ,bill & tail z 9 ,no4 #cjb2 plumage gray] ?an 9 ,no4 #cjb4 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,above black f9ely & irregul>ly m>k$ ) wavy l9es ( buff & :ite4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,above black f9ely & irregul>ly b>r$ ) buffy1 grayi% & :ite4 ,range4--,newf\ndl&4 ,illu/ration3 #cjd4 #cjd48 ,:ite-tail$ ,pt>migan 7,lagopus leucurus74 ,l4 #ac4 ,tail :ite4 ,ad4 ,male1 ,summ]4 ,brea/ b>r$1 black & :ite4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,summ]4 ,above black b>r$ ) ri* buff2 bel[ ri* buff b>r$ ) black4 ,ads41 ,fall4 ,above & brea/ ri* buff f9ely v]miculat$ ) black4 ,ads41 ,w9t]4 ,entirely :ite4 ,notes4 ,:5 ab\t to fly & at ! beg9n+ ( flight a %>p cackle l t ( a fright5$ h54 7,gr9nell47 ,range4--,alp9e summits ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 s\? to ,new ,mexico2 nor? into ,briti% ,am]ica 7z f> z ,=t ,halkett1 ,li>d ,riv]72 we/ to high] ranges ( ,oregon1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,briti% ,columbia4 7,b5dire47 #cjd;a48 ,k5ai ,:ite-tail$ ,pt>migan 7,l4 l4 p59sul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjd1 b 9 summ] buff m>k+s mu* pal]2 9 fall1 colors mu* gray]4 ,range4--,k5ai ,p59sula1 ,alaska4 ,prairie ,h5s & ,gr\se ,illu/ration3 #cje4 #cje4 ,prairie ,h5 7,tympanu*us am]icanus74 ,l4 #ah4 ,und]p>ts ) di/9ct br[n & :ite b>s ( ab\t equal wid?4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a neck-tuft ( t5 or m r\nd$ fea!rs4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,neck-tufts mu* small]2 :ole tail b>r$4 ,notes4 ,song1 a l\d boom+4 ,range4--,prairies ( ,mississippi ,valley2 s\? to ,l\isiana & ,texas2 ea/ to ,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan & ,ont>io2 we/ ?r\gh ea/]n portions ( ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,nebraska1 ,kansas & ,indian ,t]ritory2 nor? to ,manitoba2 g5]al t5d5cy to ext5sion ( range we/w>d & contraction ea/w>d2 migration nor? & s\? 9 ,m9nesota1 ,i[a & ,miss\ri4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #cje;a4 #cje;a4 ,attwat] ,prairie ,h5 7,t4 a4 attwat]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cje1 b small] & d>k]2 neck-tufts proportionately wide2 t>sus n fully fea!r$4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,l\isiana & ea/]n ,texas4 #cjf4 ,hea? ,h5 7,tympanu*us cupido74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cje1 b small]2 scapul>s m broadly tipp$ ) buff2 neck-tuft ( less ?an t5 fea!rs2 obtusely po9t$2 axill>s b>r$ ) dusky4 ,range4--,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 ,massa*usetts4 #cjg4 ,less] ,prairie ,h5 7,tympanu*us pallidic9ctus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cje1 b small]1 m buffy above2 br[n b>s bel[ n>r[] ?an :iti% spaces betwe5 !m4 ,notes4 ,d\btless ! same z ^? ( ,no4 #cje4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n p>ts ( ,kansas & we/]n ,indian ,t]ritory1 we/]n 7& s\!rn87 ,texas4 7,b5dire47 #cjh4 ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se 7,pedi,acetes phasianellus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,brea/ fea!rs ) int]nal ,v %ap$ loops2 no neck-tufts4 ,ads4 ,prevail+ color above black2 n>r[ly b>r$ ) ru/y & m>g9$ ) pal]4 ,range--,int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica1 ea/ to ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ab\t ,james ,bay 7,moose ,factory7 & ! we/ %ore ( ,hudson ,bay1 nor!rn ,manitoba1 nor? at lea/ to ,=t ,simpson1 ,mack5zie ,riv]1 nor?we/ t]ritory4 7,b5dire47 #cjh;a4 ,columbian ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se 7,p4 p4 columbianus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjh1 b prevail+ color above buffy4 ,range4--,nor?we/ ,unit$ ,/ates2 s\? to nor!a/]n ,cali=nia1 nor!rn ,nevada & ,utah2 ea/ to ,montana & ,wyom+1 we/ to ,oregon & ,wa%+ton2 nor?1 *iefly we/ ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ?r\gh ,briti% ,columbia to c5tral ,alaska 7,=t ,yukon7 7,b5dire47 ,illu/ration3 #cjh;b4 #cjh;b4 ,prairie ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se 7,p4 p4 campe/ris74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cjh;a1 b m ru/y4 ,notes4 ,song1 a bubbl+ cr[1 a rattl+ ( tail-fea!rs1 & /amp+ ( feet4 ,calls1 :5 di/urb$1 cack1 cack1 cack2 a s(t cle> :i/le & a grunt ( al>m4 7,seton47 ,call ( "m to "y & ( "y 9 reply a guttural1 rauc\s croak4 7,gr9nell47 ,range--,pla9s & prairies ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to ,manitoba2 ea/ to ,wiscons9 & nor!rn ,ill9ois2 we/ to ea/]n ,colorado2 s\? to ea/]n ,new ,mexico4 7,b5dire47 ,gr\se1 ,turkeys & ,*a*alaca ,illu/ration3 #cji4 #cji4 ,sage ,gr\se 7,c5troc]cus urophasianus74 ,ad4 ,male1 ,l4 #bi2 ,ad4 ,female1 ,l4 #bb4 ,simil> to ,male1 b small]1 ?roat :it]2 brea/ b>r$ black & :iti%4 ,notes4 ,:5 c\rt+1 l[1 grunt+1 guttural s\nds2 :5 al>m$1 a sort ( cackle1 k,ak1 k,ak4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,sage regions ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,plateau1 & we/ *iefly )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b nor? to ,ass9iboia & ! dry int]ior ( ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,nebraska & ,colorado2 s\? to nor!rn ,new ,mexico1 ,utah & ,nevada2 we/ 9 ,cali=nia1 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 to ! ,si]ra ,nevada & ,cascade ,range4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #a_/aj ,nat4 ,size4 ,pheasant 7,phasianus torquatus ,a-- ,p4 col*icus74 ,an introduc$ species1 see rem>ks on page #aad4 ,illu/ration3 #caj4 #a_/af ,nat4 ,size4 #caj4 ,wild ,turkey 7,meleagris gallopavo silve/ris74 ,male ,ad4 ,l4 ab\t #dh2 upp] tail-cov]ts & tail tipp$ ) ru/y *e/nut3 :ite b>s 9 prim>ies entire1 cross+ ! webs ( ! fea!rs4 ,notes4 ,simil> to ^? ( ! dome/icat$ ,turkey4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ,p5nsylvania s\? to c5tral ,florida2 we/ to ,nebraska & nor!a/]n ,texas4 #caj;a4 ,m]riam ,turkey 7,m4 g4 m]riami74 ,simil> to ,no4 #caj1 b tail & upp] tail-cov]ts tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona & we/]n ,texas2 & nor!rn ,*ihuahua & ,sonora1 ,mexico4 7,bailey47 #caj;b4 ,florida ,wild ,turkey 7,m4 g4 osceola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #caj1 b small]2 prim>ies ) n>r[ brok5 b>s n rea*+ across fea!r4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,florida4 #caj;c4 ,rio ,gr&e ,turkey 7,m4 g4 int]m$ia74 ,tips ( upp] tail-cov]ts & ( tail ru/y buff int]m$iate 9 color betwe5 ^? ( ,nos4 #caj & #caj;a4 ,range4--,l[l&s ( s\!rn ,texas & nor!a/]n ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #caa4 #caa4 ,*a*alaca 7,ortalis vetula maccalli74 ,l4 #ba4 ,ads4 ,above olive-br[n2 tail black]1 all b middle-fea!rs bord]$ ) :iti%2 belly br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 trumpet+ *a-*a-laca1 repeat$ a numb] ( times4 ,range4--,tropical portions ( ea/]n ,mexico1 f ,v]a ,cruz nor? to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley4 ,ord] ,,xi4 ,,pigeons ,,& ,,doves4 ,,columba4 ,family #a4 ,,pigeons & ,,doves4 ,columbid,a4 #ac species1 #c subspecies4 ,pigeons are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! globe1 b _! c5t] ( abundance appe>s to be 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 :]e ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ( ! "s ?ree hundr$ kn[n species are f\nd4 ,"o hundr$ or m species h be5 describ$ f ! ,new ,_w b only twelve ( ^! inhabit ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! v>i\s races ( dome/ic ,pigeons1 ',p\t]s1' ',fantails1' etc4 are desc5dants ( ! ,rock ,dove ( ,europe1 modifi$ 9 =m & habit ?r\gh ! selection by ! bre$] or 'fanci]4' ,pigeons build a flimsy1 plat=m ne/ ( twigs & lay two :ite eggs4 ,bo? sexes incubate1 "o reliev+ ! o!r at c]ta9 h\rs ea* day4 ,! "y are born nak$ & are f$ by regurgitation1 on ',pigeons' milk1' ! p>5t ?ru/+ its bill into ! m\? ( its "y & dis*>g+ !re9 food :i* has be5 s(t5$ 9 its own crop4 ,"s species ( ,pigeons ne/ 9 isolat$ pairs1 o!rs 9 l>ge colonies1 b x is ! habit ( _m species to ga!r 9 l>ge flocks aft] ! ne/+ season4 ,! ,wild or ,pass5g] ,pigeon1 once s abundant 9 ?is c\nty1 0 f\nd 9 flocks ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,alex&] ,wilson1 ! 'fa!r ( ,am]ican ,orni?ology' writ+ ab\t #ahjh1 e/imat$ t a flock ( ,wild ,pigeons se5 by him ne> ,frank=t1 ,k5tucky1 conta9$ at lea/ #b1bcj1bgb1jjj individuals4 ,audubon writes t 9 #ahje he saw s*oon]s at ! :>ves 9 ,new ,york city load$ 9 bulk ) ,wild ,pigeons caught up ! ,hudson ,riv]1 :i* 7 sold at "o c5t ea*4 ,z late z #ahgf or #ahgg !re 0 a colony ( ne/+ ,wild ,pigeons 9 ,mi*igan1 :i* 0 tw5ty-eight miles long & av]ag$ ?ree or f\r miles 9 wid?1 & 9 #ahha ! birds 7 /ill s abundant 9 p>ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley t ! writ] saw ?\s&s ( birds1 trapp$ 9 t region1 us$ 9 a ,pigeon mat* ne> ,new ,york ,city4 ,today1 h[ev]1 z a result ( con/ant p]secution1 ! ,wild ,pigeon is s r>e t ! obs]vation ( a s+le individual is notewor?y4 ,pigeons & ,doves ,illu/ration3 #cab4 #cab4 ,b&-tail$ ,pigeon 7,columba fasciata74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,tail-b& a%y above1 :it] bel[2 a :ite nape-b&2 tail squ>e4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 or 9 "s specim5s1 nape b& abs5t2 p9ki% ( cr[n & brea/ d+y4 ,notes4 ,an owl-l hoot+1 sometimes a calm who,a cub$-hoo-hoo1 who,a cub$-koo-hoo1 at o!rs a spirit$ ho,a cub$p-ah-wh,a cub$o1 & aga9 :'oo-ugh4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,pacific3 nor? to ,wa%+ton & ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? to ,mexico & ! highl&s ( ,guatemala2 di/ribution irregul>1 *iefly 9 wood$ m\nta9 regions4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cab;a4 ,viosca ,pigeon 7,c4 f4 viosc,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cab1 b pal]1 m cle>ly blui% slate above2 p9k ( cr[n & brea/ ) a grayi% bloom4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cac4 #cac4 ,r$-bill$ ,pigeon 7,columba flaviro/ris74 ,l4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,no tail-b&2 w+s1 tail1 & belly slate2 head & neck purpli% p9k2 no iridesc5t m>k+s4 ,notes4 ,a f9e1 l\d1 coo-:oo-er-:oo4 ,range4--,co/a ,rica migrat+ nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #cad4 #cad4 ,:ite-cr[n$ ,pigeon 7,columba leucocephala74 ,l4 #ac4e ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n :ite2 body slate2 l[] h9dneck iridesc5t2 nape m>oon4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,mu* pal]2 cr[n a%y4 ,range4--,great] ,antilles & ,isl&s ab\t ,anegada ,*annel1 coa/ ( ,honduras1 ,bahamas & c]ta9 ,florida ,keys4 ,illu/ration3 #cae4 #cae4 ,pass5g] ,pigeon1 ,wild ,pigeon 7,ectopi/es migratorius74 ,l4 #af4 ,out] tail-fea!rs *e/nut at base ( inn] web4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*91 :ole head41 & l[] back blui% slate4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[n] above1 brea/ br[ni% a%y2 neck fea!rs less iridesc5t4 ,notes4 ,an explosive1 squeaky1 squawk4 ,range4--,=m]ly ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica nor? to ,hudson ,bay2 n[ exce$+ly r>e1 less s 9 ! upp] ,mississippi valley ?an else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 #caf4 #caf4 ,m\rn+ ,dove1 ,c>ol9a ,dove 7,z5aidura macr\ra74 ,l4 #aa4h4 ,out] tail-fea!rs slate color at base ( inn] web4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*9 :iti%2 sides ( head buffy2 a black e> m>k4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b pal]1 brea/ m a%y br[n1 neck-fea!rs less iridesc5t4 ,notes4 ,coo-o-o-ah1 coo-o-o-coo-o-o-coo-o-o4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ f ,we/ ,indies & ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,ma9e1 ,quebec1 ,ont>io1 ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,york1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 ,kansas & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #cag4 #cag4 ,z5aida ,dove 7,z5aida z5aida74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,tail %ort1 )\t :ite m>k+s2 all b c5tral pair ( fea!rs tipp$ ) a%y blue2 second>ies tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b p9ki% ( cr[n & und]p>ts br[ni%2 neck fea!rs less iridesc5t4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #caf1 b are l\d] & deep]4 ,range4--,great] ,antilles1 coa/ ( ,yucatan & ,bahamas1 nor? 9 ,april to ,florida ,keys4 ,illu/ration3 #cah4 #cah4 ,:ite-front$ ,dove 7,leptotila fulviv5tris bra*ypt]a74 ,l4 #ab4 ,no black e>-m>k2 "u w+-cov]ts ru/y *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead :iti%2 all b c5tral pair ( tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,=ehead d+i]2 brea/ br[ni% a%y2 neck fea!rs less iridesc5t4 ,notes4 ,a %ort1 s(t coo4 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico1 nor? 9 ,febru>y to valley ( ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e4 ,illu/ration3 #cai4 #cai4 ,:ite-w+$ ,dove 7,melopelia leucopt]a74 ,l4 #ab4 ,w+-cov]ts1 ext]nally1 widely m>g9$ ) :ite2 l>ge black e> m>ks4 ,ads4 ,all b c5tral pair ( tail-fea!rs blui% slate ) a black b& & :iti% tip4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 cr[+ cook]ee-cook]ee-coo-ree-coo1 cr[-co-er-coo1 cr[-co-er-coo4 ,range4--,s\!rn bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates f ,texas to ,arizona s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,cuba & ,jamaica1 casual at ,key ,we/1 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #cbj4 #cbj4 ,gr\nd ,dove2 ,m\rn+ ,dove 7,columbigall9a pass]9a t]re/ris74 ,l4 #f4g4 ,smalle/ ( our ,doves4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead & und]p>ts deep v9ace\s p9k2 h9dhead & nape a%y blue m>g9$ ) dusky2 base ( bill coral1 tip black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,=ehead & brea/ br[ni% gray2 brea/ fea!rs ) dusky c5t]s & m>g9s4 ,notes4 ,a s(t1 croon+ coo4 ,range4--,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates nor? to nor!rn ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 we/ to ea/]n ,texas2 m common ne> coa/4 #cbj;a4 ,mexican ,gr\nd ,dove 7,c4 p4 pallesc5s74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cbj1 b =ehead & und]p>ts mu* pal]2 back gray]4 ,range4--,texas to s\!rn ,cali=nia & s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #cbj;b4 ,b]muda ,gr\nd ,dove 7,c4 p4 b]mudiana74 ,simil> to #cbj;a1 b small] & pal]2 bill :olly black4 7,bangs & ,bradlee47 ,range4--,b]muda4 ,illu/ration3 #cba4 #cba4 ,inca ,dove 7,sc>dafella inca74 ,l4 #h4 ,ads4 ,tail long1 out] fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 plumage above & bel[ m>g9$ ) dusky1 giv+ a scal$ appe>ance4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,texas 7,san ,antonio71 s\!rn ,mexico & s\!rn ,arizona s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #cbb4 #cbb4 ,key ,we/ ,quail-,dove 7,geotrygon *rysia74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,a :ite l9e bel[ eye2 belly :ite2 back ri* ru/y ) beautiful1 metallic1 purpli%1 gre5 & blue reflections2 tail ru/y ) no :ite4 ,range4--,cuba1 ,hayti1 ,bahamas &1 r>ely1 ,florida ,keys4 #cbb4a4 ,ruddy ,quail-,dove 7,geotrygon montana74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,no :ite l9e bel[ eye2 brea/ dull p9ki%2 belly deep buff2 back ri* ru/y ) purpli% reflections1 tail ru/y )\t :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive-br[n ) gre5i% reflections2 bel[ ru/y buff4 ,range4--,mexico s\? to ,brazil2 ,we/ ,indies2 casual at ,key ,we/ ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #cbc4 #cbc4 ,blue-head$ ,quail ,dove 7,starn,anas cyanocephala74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & sides ( ?roat dull blue2 middle ( upp] brea/ black ) :ite b>s & p9ki% tips2 belly ru/y br[n1 l[] back z 9 ,no4 #caf4 ,notes4 ,a holl[ s\nd+ hu-up1 ! fir/ syllable long1 ! second %ort4 7,gundla*47 ,range4--,cuba1 & r>ely ,florida ,keys4 ,ord] ,,xii4 ,,vultures1 ,,hawks1 ,,& ,,owls4 ,,raptores4 ,family #a4 ,,am]ican ,,vultures4 ,cathartid,a4 #c species4 ,family #b4 ,,falcons1 ,,hawks1 ,,eagles1 etc4 ,falconid,a4 #cc species1 #ac subspecies4 ,family #c4 ,,b>n ,,owls4 ,strigid,a4 #a species4 ,family #d4 ,,horn$ ,,owls4 ,bubonid,a4 #ai species1 #bj subspecies4 ,9 ! ,raptores we h a gr\p ( birds ( great value to man b ^: s]vices = ! mo/ "p1 are s little appreciat$ t1 f> f protect+ ^! birds1 we h actually p]secut$ !m4 ,! ,vultures1 x is true1 are giv5 cr$it = _! good "w z scav5g]s & !y are protect$ bo? by law & by public s5tim5t4 ,e "o kn[s t a liv+ ,vulture is inf9itely m useful ?an a dead "o4 ,z a result ?r\gh\t c\ntries inhabit$ by ^! birds !y are usually bo? abundant & tame1 ent]+ ! cities to fe$ 9 ! /reets ) an assurance born ( ye>s ( immunity f h>m4 ,b h[ diff]5tly _! k9 ( ! family ,falconid,a act 9 _! relations to man6 ',wild z a ,hawk' has become an adage4 ,^! birds are univ]sally condemn$4 ,to kill "o is a comm5dable act4 ,e ones h& is rais$ aga9/ !m4 ,9 "s localities a price has actually be5 set ^u _! heads4 ,a fondness = *ick5s1 x is alleg$1 is ! *ief crime ( ,hawks1 & 9 popul> p>lance all ,hawks are ',*ick5 ,hawks' & z su* are to be kill$ on sight4 ,naturali/s h long be5 aw>e t only "o ( our common ,hawks habitually preys ^u p\ltry :ile mo/ ( our species1 by fe$+ l>gely on mead[ mice1 are actually b5eficial4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until ?is matt] receiv$ ! att5tion ( ! ,biological ,survey ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 t ! economic /atus ( ,hawks1 z well z ( ,owls1 0 plac$ on a s\nd sci5tific basis4 ,9 ,dr4 ,a4 ,k4 ,fi%]'s report on ! food ( ,hawks & ,owls1 issu$ by ! ,biologic ,survey 9 #ahic1 ! results ( ! exam9ation ( ! cont5ts ( sev]al ?\s&s /oma*s ( ^! birds is tabulat$4 ,x is /at$1 = example1 t only ?ree out ( two hundr$ & tw5ty /oma*s ( ! s-call$ ',*ick5' or ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk conta9$ ! rema9s ( p\ltry1 :ile mice 7 f\nd 9 no less ?an "o hundr$ & two1 & insects 9 n9ety-two4 ,t ! ,sp>r[ ,hawk is also wrongly nam$ is cle> f a /udy ( its food1 only fifty-f\r out ( ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty /oma*s exam9$ conta9+ rema9s ( birds1 :ile insects 7 f\nd 9 two hundr$ & fifte54 ,z a matt] ( fact1 among our common] ,hawks1 ! ,coop] & ,%>p-%9n$ are ! only ones fe$+ l>gely on birds & p\ltry1 & if ! f>m] w take ! pa9s to asc]ta9 :at k9d ( ,hawk x is t pays unwelcome visits to 8 b>n-y>d1 he w be sp>$ ! inju/ice ( condemn+ all ,hawks = ! s9s ( "o or two4 ,fe$+ aft] sunset1 :5 ! small mammals are mo/ active1 ,owls are ev5 m b5eficial ?an ,hawks4 ,! ,great ,horn$ ,owl1 x is true1 has an undue fondness = p\ltry1 b ! bird is g5]ally s r>e ne> ?ickly populat$ regions t on ! :ole x does comp>atively little h>m4 ,=tunately1 x is ^? ,owls :i* are mo/ common 9 settl$ regions :i* are ( mo/ value to man4 ,?us1 our little ,scree* ,owl fe$s *iefly on mice & insects4 ,only "o ( ! two hundr$ & fifty-five /oma*s exam9$ by ,dr4 ,fi%] conta9$ ! rema9s ( p\ltry :ile mice 7 f\nd 9 n9ety-"o & insects 9 "o hundr$4 ,( ! ,%ort-e>$ or ,m>% ,owl1 sev5ty-sev5 out ( "o hundr$ & "o /oma*s conta9$ mice rema9s1 & ! same injuri\s little rod5ts 7 f\nd 9 eighty-f\r out ( "o hundr$ & sev5 /oma*s ( ! ,long-e>$ ,owl4 ,! bones & hair ( ! small mammals eat5 by ,owls are roll$ into oblong pellets 9 ! /oma* & are eject$ at ! m\?4 ,^! pellets may (t5 be f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s b5ea? ! roo/s 9 :i* ,owls pass ! day4 ,9 #bjj su* ca/+s ( ! ,b>n ,owl ,dr4 ,fi%] f\nd ! rema9s ( #ded small mammals ( :i* no less ?an #bbe 7 mead[ mice4 ,hawks build l>ge-bulky ne/s ( /icks plac+ !m usually well up 9 l>ge trees1 & lay1 z a rule1 f\r eggs :i* are g5]ally :iti%1 blot*$ ) br[n4 ,! ,m>% ,hawk is an exception4 ,its ne/ built l>gely ( grasses1 is plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 m>%es & ! eggs1 (t5 numb]+ six & r>ely eight1 are blui% :ite unm>k$4 ,! ,owls ne/ 9 holes 9 trees or banks1 or1 9 "s in/ances1 an old ,hawk or ,cr[ ne/ may be occupi$4 ,! eggs usually numb] ?ree to five & are always pure :ite4 ,vultures & ,osprey ,illu/ration3 #cbd4 #cbd4 ,cali=nia ,vulture 7,gymnogyps cali=nianus74 ,l4 #dd-ee2 ,ex4 #h #a-b to ne>ly #aa feet4 7,ridgw47 ,ads4 ,head & neck orange1 blue1 & r$1 unfea!r$2 fea!rs ar\nd neck & on und]p>ts n>r[ & /iff5$2 great] w+-cov]ts tipp$ ) :ite2 "u w+-cov]ts :ite4 ,range4--,coa/ ranges ( s\!rn ,cali=nia f ,mont]ey ,bay1 s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ea/ to ,arizona 7,bailey74 ,record$ f ,burr>d ,inlet1 ,briti% ,columbia 7,fann974 ,illu/ration3 #cbe4 #cbe4 ,turkey ,vulture2 ,turkey ,buzz>d 7,ca?>tes aura74 ,l4 #cj2 ,t4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,head & neck r$ unfea!r$2 br[ni% black2 no :ite 9 plumage2 bill :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a l[ hiss+ s\nd :5 di/urb$4 ,range--,we/]n ,hemisph]e f c5tral & nor!a/ ,new ,j]sey1 c5tral ,ill9ois1 nor!rn ,m9nesota1 ! ,saskat*ewan region & ,briti% ,columbia1 s\? to ,patagonia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #cbf4 #cbf4 ,black ,vulture2 ,c>rion ,cr[ 7,ca?>i/a urubu74 ,l4 #bd4 ,t4 #h4 ,ads4 ,head & neck unfea!r$1 black1 plumage black2 "u surface ( w+s silv]y4 ,notes4 ,a l[ grunt+ s\nd :5 di/urb$4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica1 nor?1 z a resid5t to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,kansas2 we/ to ! ,pla9s1 s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 /rays z f> nor? z ,ma9e & ,s\? ,dakota4 ,illu/ration3 #cfd4 #cfd4 ,am]ican ,osprey2 ,fi% ,hawk 7,p&ion halia,atus c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #bc4 ,nape :ite2 feet l>ge2 no b>s on prim>ies4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,bel[ :ite ) few or no spots on brea/4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b brea/ ) num]\s grayi% br[n spots & /reaks4 ,notes4 ,l\d1 pla9tive1 :i/les4 ,range4--,am]ica2 bre$s f ,florida1 ,texas & ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,labrador1 ,great ,slave ,lake & nor!rn ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,kites & ,m>% ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #cbg4 #cbg4 ,swall[-tail$ ,kite 7,elanoides =ficatus74 ,l4 #bd4 ,ads4 ,back purpli% black1 w+s & tail blue-black4 ,notes4 ,a %rill1 ke51 e-e-e or we-we-we4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica2 summ]s nor? to ,virg9ia1 c5tral ,ill9ois1 nor!rn ,m9nesota1 ,manitoba & ,dakota2 we/ to c5tral ,kansas1 r>ely to ,colorado2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #cbh4 #cbh4 ,:ite-tail$ ,kite 7,elanus leucurus74 ,l4 #ae4e4 ,ads4 ,%\ld]s black2 back & middle tail-fea!rs a%y gray2 re/ ( tail-fea!rs1 =ehead & und]p>ts :ite4 ,yng4 ,upp]p>ts ) ru/y4 ,notes4 ,a pla9tive1 musical :i/le4 7,b>l[47 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 ,indian ,t]ritory1 we/]n ,texas1 ,arizona & c5tral ,cali=nia2 s\? to ,arg5t9e ,republic2 r>e ea/ ( ! ! ,mississippi4 ,illu/ration3 #cbi4 #cbi4 ,mississippi ,kite 7,ict9ia mississippi5sis74 ,l4 #ad4 ,ads4 ,head1 ends ( second>ies1 & und]p>ts blui% gray2 back blui% slate2 tail black )\t b>s4 ,yng4 ,head /reak$ black & :ite2 back blacki%1 tipp$ ) ru/y2 tail ) ?ree or f\r brok5 :ite b>s2 und]p>ts buffy1 /reak$ ) ru/y & blacki%4 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,kansas2 w9t]s 9 tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #ccj4 #ccj4 ,ev]glade ,kite2 ,snail ,hawk 7,ro/rhamus sociabilis74 ,l4 #ah4 ,long] upp] tail-cov]ts & base ( tail :ite4 ,ads4 ,slaty black2 end ( tail ) br[ni% & :iti% b&s4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n tipp$ ) ru/y2 bel[ mottl$ ru/y1 blacki% & buff4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica nor? to s\!rn ,florida & ea/]n ,mexico2 s\? to ,arg5t9e ,republic4 ,illu/ration3 #cca4 #cca4 ,m>% ,hawk2 ,h>ri] 7,circus hudsonius74 ,l4 ,male1 #ai2 ,female1 #bb4 ,upp] tail-cov]ts & base ( tail :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above gray or a%y2 und]p>ts ) ru/y spots4 ,ad4 ,female1 & ,yng4 ,above br[ni% black ) m or less ru/y1 p>ticul>ly on ! nape2 bel[ br[ni% ru/y ) black /reaks on brea/4 ,notes4 ,a peevi% scream & peculi> cluck+ or cackl+4 7,pre/on47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally nor? to ab\t latitude #fj;,a deg42 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 nor!rn ,kansas1 ,colorado & ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #ccb4 #ccb4 ,%>p-%9n$ ,hawk 7,accipit] velox74 ,l4 ,male1 #aa4b2 ,female1 #ac4e2 ,t4 ,male1 #e4e2 ,female1 #g4 ,tail squ>e at end4 ,ads4 ,above slaty gray2 cr[n d>k]2 bel[ b>r$ :ite & ru/y br[n4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n lightly m>g9$ ) ru/y2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) br[n4 ,note ! relatively long tail 9 ?is & ! two foll[+ species4 ,notes4 ,cac-cac-cac4 7,ralph47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s ?r\gh\t its range b *iefly nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts & ,vanc\v] ,isl& s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #ccc4 #ccc4 ,coop] ,hawk 7,accipit] coop]ii74 ,l4 ,male1 #ae4e2 ,female1 #ai2 ,t4 ,male1 #g4g2 ,female1 #i4 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #ccb1 b tail r\nd$2 adult ) cr[n black]4 ,notes4 ,a cackl+ or *att]+4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f s\!rn ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,am]ica2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts1 ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley & ,oregon s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #ccd4 #ccd4 ,am]ican ,go%awk 7,accipit] atricapillus74 ,l4 ,male1 #bb2 ,female1 #bd2 ,t4 ,male1 #aj2 ,female1 #aa4e4 ,ads4 ,above blui% slate2 cr[n d>k]2 a :iti% l9e ov] ! eye to ! nape2 bel[ f9ely m>k$ ) gray & :ite4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n1 ru/y & buff2 bel[ buffy :ite /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s *iefly nor? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 w9t]s s\? to ,new ,j]sey1 r>ely ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri & ,kansas2 we/ to ,oregon4 #ccd;a4 ,we/]n ,go%awk 7,a4 a4 /riatulus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ccd1 b ,ad4 d>k plumbe\s above1 m>k+s on l[] p>ts heavi] & d>k]4 ,/ripes on l[] p>ts ( ,yng4 broad] & black]4 7,ridgw47 ,notes4 ,a %rill scream & a frequ5tly repeat$ keeah or kreeah4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 nor? to ,sitka1 ,alaska2 s\? to ,cali=nia2 ea/ to ,idaho4 ,bre$s 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada s\? to latitude #ch;,a deg44 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #cdf4 #cdf4 ,mexican ,go%awk 7,a/ur9a plagiata74 ,l4 #ag4 ,ads4 ,above slaty gray2 bel[ b>r$ slaty-gray & :ite4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n ) ru/y m>k+s1 p>ticul>ly on w+-cov]ts2 long] upp] tail-cov]ts :ite ) black spots or b>s2 tail br[ni% ) num]\s black b>s2 bel[ :iti% ) l>ge elongate spots4 ,notes4 ,a peculi> pip+ note utt]$ :ile hov]+ 9 ! air4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica1 f ,panama nor?1 9 ,m>*1 to ,mexican bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #cce4 #cce4 ,h>ris ,hawk 7,p>abuteo unic9ctus h>risi74 ,l4 ,male1 #ai2 ,female1 #bb4 ,long] upp] tail-cov]ts1 base & tip ( tail :ite4 ,ads4 ,%\ld]s1 ?ighs & "u w+-cov]ts1 r$di% br[n2 "u tail-cov]ts :ite4 ,yng4 ,simil> b /reak$ bel[ ) ru/y1 buff & black2 legs b>r$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a long1 h>%1 ,buteo-l scream4 7,v4 ,bailey47 ,range4--,middle ,am]ica f ,panama nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 r>ely ,mississippi & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ccg4 #ccg ,r$-tail$ ,hawk 7,buteo borealis74 ,l4 ,male1 #bj2 ,female1 #bc4 ,f\r out] prim>ies not*$4 ,ads4 ,tail ru/y br[n ) a black b&1 sometimes brok51 ne> its tip2 bel[ buffy :ite1 a b& ( spots across ! belly2 legs usually )\t b>s4 ,yng4 ,tail grayi% br[n ) a ru/y t+e & num]\s blacki% b>s2 upp] tail-cov]ts b>r$ black & :ite2 bel[ less buffy ?an 9 adult2 legs m (t5 b>r$4 ,notes4 ,a %rill :i/le1 sugge/+ ! s\nd ( escap+ /eam4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,great ,pla9s1 nor? to ab\t latitude #fj;,a deg42 bre$s ?r\gh\t its range2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts1 ,ill9ois & ,s\? ,dakota s\?w>d4 #ccg;a4 ,krid] ,hawk 7,b4 b4 krid]ii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ccg1 b ne>ly or :olly :ite bel[4 ,ads4 ,usually )\t black tail b&4 ,range4--,great ,pla9s ( ,unit$ ,/ates f ,m9nesota to ,texas21 ea/ irregul>ly or casually to ,i[a & nor!rn ,ill9ois4 7,b5dire74 ,illu/ration3 #ccg;b4 #ccg;b4 ,we/]n ,r$-tail 7,b4 b4 calurus74 ,v v>iable 9 color4 ,ads4 ,sometimes sooty br[n above & bel[ ) m or less ru/y2 9 light phase resembles ,no4 #ccg1 b tail av]ages pal] & sometimes has m ?an "o b>2 ! und]p>ts are deep] & legs are usually b>r$ ) ru/y4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,yng4 ( ,no4 #ccg1 b m>k+s bel[ heavi]2 flanks m b>r$4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,pacific2 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia1 s\? to c5tral ,am]ica2 g5]ally resid5t4 #ccg;d4 ,h>lan ,hawk 7,b4 b4 h>lani74 ,ads4 ,above sooty br[n2 tail closely mottl$ ) blacki%1 ru/y & :iti%2 bel[ v>y+ f :ite1 m or less-spott$ on belly to sooty br[n4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b tail b>r$ ) blacki%1 gray1 ru/y or :iti%4 ,range4--,gulf ,/ates & ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley1 nor? 7casually7 to ,kansas1 ,i[a1 ,ill9ois & ,p5nsylvania2 ea/ to ,georgia1 & ,florida4 7,b5dire74 ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #cci4 #cci4 ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk 7,buteo l9eatus74 ,l4 ,male1 #ah4c2 ,female1 #bj4c4 ,f\r out] prim>ies not*$4 ,ads4 ,less] w+-cov]ts bright r$di% br[n4 ,yng4 ,bel[ :iti% /reak$ ) br[ni%2 less] w+-cov]ts less r$di%2 prim>ies ) ru/y buff4 ,notes4 ,a l\d scream+ ke,a7,c7-y]1 ke,a7,c7-y]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates to ,oklahoma1 ea/]n ,kansas1 ea/]n ,nebraska & ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,ma9e1 s\? to nor!rn ,florida2 g5]ally resid5t4 #cci;a4 ,florida ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk 7,b4 l4 all5i74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #cci4 7,w4 ,male1 #aa47 ,ad4 ,mu* gray] above1 no ru/y on head1 mu* pal] bel[4 ,range4--,florida nor? along coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 we/ along coa/ to ea/]n ,texas4 #cci;b4 ,r$-belli$ ,hawk 7,b4 l4 elegans74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cci1 b ru/y ( brea/ usually unbrok54 ,"y ) l[] p>ts deep br[ni% or dusky prevail+2 less buff on prim>ies4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ r>ely to ,colorado & we/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #cdb4 #cdb4 ,swa9son ,hawk 7,buteo swa9soni74 ,l4 ,male1 #bj4 ,?ree out] prim>ies not*$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/ pat* ru/y br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,brea/-pat* grayi% br[n4 ,d>k phase4 ,br[ni% black m or less v>i$ ) ru/y2 tail obscurely b>r$4 ,yng4 ,bel[ ri* ru/y buff ) elongate black spots4 ,notes4 ,pi-tick1 pi-tick1 frequ5tly repeat$4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ,wiscons91 ,ill9ois1 ,arkansas & ,texas to ! ,pacific coa/2 nor? to ,arctic regions & s\? to ,arg5t9e ,republic1 casual ea/ to ,ma9e & ,massa*usetts4 ,bre$s ne>ly ?r\gh\t its ,nor? ,am]ican range4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #cdc4 #cdc4 ,broad-w+$ ,hawk 7,buteo platypt]us74 ,l4 ,male1 #ae4h2 ,female1 #af4g4 ,?ree out] prim>ies not*$4 ,ads4 ,tail ) two :iti% b&s & a br[ni% tip2 bel[ b>r$ ) ru/y br[n4 ,yng4 ,no buff 9 prim>ies2 tail br[ni% ) sev]al black b>s2 bel[ :iti%1 /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,notes4 ,a high1 %>p1 ke51 p5etrat+ :i/le4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$s we/ to ,pla9s1 nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,hawks & ,c>ac>a ,illu/ration3 #cdj4 #cdj4 ,zone-tail$ ,hawk 7,buteo abbreviatus74 ,l4 ,male1 #ai2 ,female1 #ba4 ,ads4 ,tail ) little if any :ite tip2 inn] webs ( all b middle fea!rs ) black & :ite b>s4 ,yng4 ,br[n]2 tail grayi% br[n2 :ite on inn] webs1 ) num]\s blacki% b>s4 ,notes4 ,n unlike ^? ( ,buteo borealis4 7,beld+47 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 s\!rn ,arizona & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cdd4 ,d>k ,phase4 #cdd4 ,%ort-tail$ ,hawk 7,buteo bra*yurus74 ,l4 #ag2 ,t4 #g4 ,ads4 ,above slaty gray1 tail b>r$ ) black & tipp$ ) :ite2 sides ( brea/ ru/y2 re/ ( und]p>ts :ite4 ,d>k phase4 ,blacki%1 =ehead :iti%2 tail light] ?an back1 b>r$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n1 bel[ cream buff1 )\t black m>k+s4 ,notes4 ,some:at resembl+ ! scream ( ! ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk1 b m prolong$4 7,p5nock47 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica1 nor? to ea/]n ,mexico2 r>e 9 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #cde4 #cde4 ,mexican ,black ,hawk 7,urubit+a an?rac9a74 ,l4 ,male1 #ai2 ,female1 #ba4 ,ads4 ,tail ) a :ite tip & broad :ite b& across all ! fea!rs4 ,yng4 ,above br[ni% black1 buff & ru/y2 bel[ buffy /rip$ ) blacki%2 tail ) sev]al black & :iti% b>s4 ,notes4 ,pip+ cries l ! spr+ :i/le ( ,num5ius longiro/ris4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica 9 g5]al1 nor? to c5tral ,arizona1 & ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley 9 ,texas4 7,b5dire74 ,illu/ration3 #cfb4 #cfb4 ,audubon ,c>ac>a 7,polyborus *]iway74 ,l4 #bb4 ,tail :ite ) a black end & num]\s black b>s4 ,ads4 ,brea/ & h9dneck b>r$2 belly black4 ,yng4 ,cr[n1 back1 & belly d>k br[n2 h9dneck1 brea/ & belly /reak$ ) buffy4 ,notes4 ,g5]ally sil5t1 b sometimes utt]s a prolong$ cackl+ note4 7,b4 ,f4 ,goss47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 s\!rn ,arizona & ,l[] ,cali=nia2 int]ior ( s\!rn ,florida2 resid5t4 #cfc4 ,guadalupe ,c>ac>a 7,polyborus lutosus74 ,resembles ,no4 #cfb1 b has rump & upp] tail-cov]ts dull br[ni% buff broadly b>r$ ) dull br[n2 tail br[ni% buff ) broad b>s ( grayi% br[n bord]$ by n>r[] zigzag b>s or l9es ( dusky2 t]m9al b& less ?an #b4jj wide4 7,ridgway47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 we/ ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #cda4 #cda4 ,s5nett ,:ite-tail$ ,hawk 7,buteo albicaudatus s5netti74 ,l4 ,male1 #ba2 ,female1 #bc4 ,?ree out] prim>ies cut4 ,ads4 ,grayi% slate above4 ,yng4 ,above br[ni% black2 brea/ usually :ite1 ?roat blacki%1 belly heavily m>k$ ) ru/y & blacki%2 sometimes :olly black bel[2 tail g5]ally silv]y gray41 :ite on inn] webs ) num]\s indi/9ct blacki% b>s4 ,notes4 ,a cry mu* l ! bleat+ ( a goat 7,m]rill47 ,range4--,f s\!rn ,texas & ,arizona s\? to ,mexico4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #cdg;a4 #cdg;a4 ,am]ican ,r\gh-legg$ ,hawk 7,ar*ibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis74 ,b4 4#g deep1 small] ?an 9 ,no4 #cdh4 ,l4 ,male1 #ba2 ,female1 #bc4 ,legs fea!r$ to ! toes4 ,ads4 ,basal half ( tail :ite1 end half b>r$ ) black2 belly ) m or less black4 ,yng4 ,no black b>s on end half ( tail2 buffi] bel[1 m black on belly4 ,black phase4 ,black m or less v>i$ ) br[n & ru/y z x approa*es light plumage ( ad4 or yng2 b to be kn[n by fea!r$ legs4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,miss\ri & c5tral ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cdh4 #cdh4 ,f]rug9\s ,r\gh-,leg 7,ar*ibuteo f]rug9eus74 ,b4 #a4 deep1 l>g] ?an 9 ,no4 #cdg;a2 ,l4 ,male1 #bb2 ,female1 #bd4 ,legs fea!r$ to toes4 ,ads4 ,above ri* ru/y /reak$ ) black2 legs ru/y b>r$ ) black2 tail grayi% sometimes wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% br[n m>g9$ ) ru/y2 bel[ :ite2 brea/ ) a few /reaks2 legs spott$2 tail ) inn] webs & base :ite2 out] webs grayi%4 ,d>k phase4 ,sooty br[n m or less v>i$ ) ru/y2 tail z 9 ad4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,pla9s 7ea/ ,nor? ,dakota to ,texas71 we/ to ! ,pacific & f ! ,saskat*ewan region s\? into ,mexico2 casually ea/ to ,ill9ois4 ,bre$s f ,utah1 ,colorado & ,kansas nor? to ! ,saskat*ewan ,pla9s4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #cee4 #cee4 ,prairie ,falcon 7,falco mexicanus74 ,l4 ,male1 #ag2 ,female1 #bj4 ,a blacki% pat* on ! sides4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above includ+ middle tail fea!rs1 grayi% br[n2 back ) m or less conceal$ buffy b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no buffy b>s on back4 ,yng4 ,above m>g9$ ) ru/y & :iti%2 head mu* z 9 ad4 ,notes4 ,kee1 k,a7,c7e1 kee & a sort ( cackle4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,unit$ ,/ates f ! ea/]n bord] ( ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific & f ! ,dakotas s\? into ,mexico2 casual ea/ to ,ill9ois4 ,bre$s ?r\gh\t its ,unit$ ,/ates range4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,eagles & ,gyrfalcons ,illu/ration3 #cdi4 #cdi4 ,gold5 ,eagle 7,aquila chrysa,atos74 ,l4 ,male1 #cj-ce2 ,female1 #ce-dj2 ,ex4 ,male1 #gh-hd2 ,female1 #hd-ij4 7,ridgw47 ,legs fea!r$ to toes4 ,ads4 ,back ( head & nape pal] ?an body2 basal two-?irds ( tail :ite4 ,yng4 ,base ( tail ) brok5 grayi% b>s4 ,notes4 ,a %rill1 kee-kee-kee1 &1 :5 al>m$1 kiah-kiah repeat$ a numb] ( times4 7,b5dire47 ,range--,nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica s\? into ,mexico2 r>e ea/ ( ,mississippi1 m common 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9s & m\nta9s ( ,pacific coa/4 ,illu/ration3 #ceb4 #ceb4 ,bald ,eagle 7,hali,aetus leucocephalus74 ,l4 ,male1 #cc2 ,female #ce2 ,ex4 ,male1 #hd2 ,female1 #hi4 ,legs n fea!r$ to toes4 ,ads4 ,head1 neck & tail :ite4 ,yng4 ,head & body blacki%1 m or less v>i$ ) :ite2 tail blacki% mottl$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,( ! male1 a l\d1 cle> cac cac-cac2 ( ! female h>% & brok54 7,ralph47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica bre$+ locally ?r\gh\t its range1 m frequ5tly ne> ! ,atlantic coa/2 resid5t 9 ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ceb;a4 ,alaska ,bald ,eagle 7,h4 l4 alascanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ceb1 b l>g]4 ,w4 ,male1 #bc4h2 ,female1 #bd4f2 ,t4 ,male1 #aa4e2 ,female1 #ab2 ,t>4 ,male1 #d4a2 ,female1 #c4g4 7,t[ns5d47 ,range4--,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #cec4 #cec4 ,:ite ,gyrfalcon 7,falco isl&us74 ,l4 ,male1 #bb2 ,female1 #bd4 ,t>sus fea!r$ 9 front ne>ly to toes2 only out] prim>y not*$4 ,"u tail cov]ts pure :ite4 ,ads4 ,bel[ :ite ) few or no black m>k+s4 ,yng4 ,d>k areas above l>g]1 bel[ ) elongate blacki% spots4 ,range4--,arctic regions1 9 ,am]ica s\? 9 w9t] casually to ,ma9e4 #ced4 ,gray ,gyrfalcon 7,falco ru/icolus74 ,l4 ,male1 #bb2 ,female1 #bd4 ,t>sus fea!r$ 9 front ne>ly to toes2 only out] prim>y not*$4 ,"u tail cov]ts ) dusky m>g9s4 ,ads4 ,cr[n usually m :ite ?an dusky2 above b>r$ ) blacki% & grayi%2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ /reak$2 sides & legs b>r$ ) dusky4 ,yng4 ,above d>k br[n ) brok5 buffy b>s & m>g9s3 tail ) :ite & br[n b>s ( ne>ly equal wid?1 bel[ :ite ev]y:]e /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,arctic regions2 s\? 9 w9t] to ! nor!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 casually z f> z ,kansas & ,ma9e4 #ced;a4 ,gyrfalcon 7,f4 r4 gyrfalco74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ced1 b head usually ) m dusky ?an :ite2 back 9 ad4 indi/9ctly b>r$ ) grayi%4 ,yng4 ,) d>k /ripes ( l[] p>ts usually ab\t equal 9 wid? to :ite int]spaces4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,europe & ,arctic ,am]ica1 f nor!rn ,labrador & coa/s ( ,hudson ,bay to ,alaska 7,ridgw472 s\? 9 w9t] casually1 to nor!rn bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates z f> z ,long ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #ced;b4 #ced;b4 ,black ,gyrfalcon 7,f4 r4 obsoletus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ced1 b mu* d>k]2 above pla9 dusky ) few or no buffy m>k+s2 bel[ dusky m>g9$ ) buffy1 ! =m] prevail+4 ,notes4 ,a *att]+ ke-a1 ke-a1 ke-a1 bl5d+ into a rattl+ scream4 7,turn]47 ,range4--,labrador3 s\? 9 w9t] to nor!rn ,new ,engl&2 casually to ,long ,isl&4 ,hawks ,illu/ration3 #cef4 #cef4 ,duck ,hawk 7,falco p]egr9us anatum74 ,l4 ,male1 #af2 ,female1 #ai4 ,sides ( ?roat black4 ,ads4 ,above blui% slate2 bel[ buffy4 ,yng4 ,above blacki% m>g9$ ) ru/y2 tail ) brok5 ru/y b>s & :iti% tip2 bel[ deep ru/y buff /reak$ ) blacki%2 "u surface ( w+ uni=mly b>r$4 ,notes4 ,l\d screams & noisy cackl+s4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,hemisph]e2 bre$s locally f ,s\!rn ,/ates to ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,nor!rn ,/ates s\?w>d2 m common we/ ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 #cef;a4 ,peale ,falcon 7,f4 p4 pealei74 ,ads4 ,cr[n uni=m ) back2 *e/ heavily spott$ ) blacki%2 b>s ( rema9+ und]p>ts v broad4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ,oregon to ! ,aleutian & ,comm&] ,isl&s1 bre$+ ?r\gh\t its range4 7,a4 ,o4 ,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ceg4 #ceg4 ,pigeon ,hawk 7,falco columb>ius74 ,l4 ,male1 #aj4e2 ,female1 #ac4 ,two out] prim>ies not*$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above slaty blue2 middle tail fea!r ) n m ?an f\r black b&s4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,above d>k blacki% br[n2 b>s 9 middle tail fea!r five or less2 bel[ m heavily b>r$ ?an 9 ,male4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s *iefly nor? ( ,unit$ ,/ates f ,rocky ,m\nta9s & we/w>d2 bre$s f ,colorado & ,cali=nia nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates1 ,colorado & ,cali=nia1 s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 #ceg;a4 ,black ,m]l9 7,f4 c4 suckleyi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ceg1 b mu* d>k] above & m heavily1 m>k$ bel[2 b>s on tail & "u side ( w+ ne>ly obsolete4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,sitka2 ea/ to ea/]n ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 #ceh4 #ceh4 ,ri*>dson ,m]l9 7,falco ri*>dsonii74 ,resembles ,no4 #ceg1 b is pal] & has ! c5tral tail fea!r cross$ by six light b>s1 c\nt+ ! t]m9al "o4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ea/]n bord] ( ,great ,pla9s we/2 r>e we/ ( ,rockies2 nor? to1 at lea/1 latitude #ec;,a deg42 s\? to ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #cei4 #cei4 ,aplomado ,falcon 7,falco fusco-c,arulesc5s74 ,l4 ,male1 #af2 ,female1 #ag4e4 ,middle ( belly black4 ,ads4 ,above slaty gray2 brea/ buff1 l[] belly ru/y4 ,yng4 ,simil> b grayi% br[n above1 belly pal]4 ,range4--,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica nor? to s\!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #cfj4 ,male4 ,illu/ration3 #cfj4 ,female4 #cfj4 ,sp>r[ ,hawk 7,falco sp>v]ius74 ,l4 #aj2 ,female1 #aa4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,tail ) "o black b>2 bel[ spott$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,:ole back b>r$2 tail ) num]\s black b>s2 bel[ /reak$4 ,notes4 ,a rapidly repeat$ killy-killy-killy1 usually utt]$ :ile on ! w+4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d4 ,hawks & ,owls #cfj;a4 ,des]t ,sp>r[ ,hawk 7,f4 s4 phal,ana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfj1 b slightly l>g] & appreciably pal]2 ,female ) black b>s above n>r[]2 /reak+s ( und]p>ts f9] & m ru/y4 ,male1 ,l4 #aj4f2 ,w4 #g4e2 ,t4 #e4c2 ,female1 ,l4 #aj4h2 ,w4 #g4g2 ,t4 #e4c4 7,me>ns47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to we/]n ,briti% ,columbia & we/]n ,montana s\?1 to ,mazatlan 9 nor?we/]n ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cfj;b4 ,/4 ,lucas ,sp>r[ ,hawk 7,f4 s4 p59sul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfj;a1 b pal]2 small] ?an ,no4 #cfj4 ,male1 ,w4 #f4d2 ,t4 #d4e2 ,female1 ,w4 #g2 ,t4 #d4g4 7,me>ns47 ,range--,l[] ,cali=nia 7,cape ,region only87 ,illu/ration3 #cfe4 #cfe4 ,b>n ,owl2 ,monkey-fac$ ,owl 7,/rix prat9cola74 ,l4 #ah4 ,no e>-tufts2 eyes black4 ,ads4 ,above gray & yell[i% buff2 bel[ :ite m or less wa%$ ) buff & spott$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,m buffy bel[4 ,notes4 ,a sudd51 h>% scream & a scream+ cr-r-r-r-e-e1 repeat$ sev]al times g5]ally :5 fly+4 ,range4--,unit$ ,/ates nor? to ,long ,isl&1 7r>ely ,massa*usetts71 s\!rn ,ont>io1 ,m9nesota & ,oregon2 migrates slightly s\? & w9t]s s\? to ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #cff4 #cff4 ,am]ican ,long-e>$ ,owl 7,asio wilsonianus74 ,l4 #ad4h4 ,e>-tufts long2 eyes yell[4 ,ads4 ,above v>i$ ) gray2 belly b>r$4 ,notes4 ,usually sil5t except dur+ ! bre$+ season :5 !y utt] a s(t ton$1 sl[ wu-hunk1 wu-hunk & a l[1 twitt]+1 :i/l+ dicky1 dicky1 dicky4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,nova ,scotia1 ,manitoba1 & ,briti% ,columbia s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #cfg4 #cfg4 ,%ort-e>$ ,owl 7,asio accipitr9us74 ,l4 #ae4e4 ,e> tufts %ort2 eyes yell[4 ,ads4 ,no gray above2 belly /reak$4 ,notes4 ,a %rill b>k+ call l ! ki-yi ( a small dog4 7,lawr5ce47 ,range4--,ne>ly cosmopolitan2 9 ,am]ica bre$s locally f ,virg9ia1 nor!rn ,mississippi ,valley1 & ,dakotas nor?w>d2 w9t]s f nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #cgh4 #cgh4 ,burr[+ ,owl 7,speotyto cunicul>ia hypog,aa74 ,l4 #aj4 ,t>si b>e beh9d4 ,ads4 ,spott$ above ) buffy2 belly b>r$2 *9 & brea/-pat* :ite4 ,yng4 ,less di/9ctly spott$ above2 belly )\t b>s4 ,notes4 ,a mell[1 sonor\s coo-c-o-o2 a *att]+ note utt]$ :5 fly+1 & a %ort1 %rill al>m-note1 tzip-tzip4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f humid coa/ region ea/ to prairies ( ,mississippi ,valley 7we/]n ,nebraska1 c5tral ,kansas1 we/]n ,m9nesota72 nor? to ab\t l9e ( ,canadian ,pacific ,r4 ,r42 s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #cgh;a4 ,florida ,burr[+ ,owl 7,s4 c4 floridana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgh1 b slightly small] & :it] ?r\gh\t2 spots above :ite ) little if any buff2 t>si ne>ly b>e4 ,range4--,int]ior ( s\!rn ,florida4 ,owls ,illu/ration3 #cfh4 #cfh4 ,b>r$ ,owl 7,syrnium v>ium74 ,l4 #hj4 ,no e>-tufts2 eyes black4 ,ads4 ,head1 back & brea/ b>r$2 toes fea!r$ ne>ly if n q to ! nails4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 sonor\s :oo-:oo-:oo-too-:oo1 to-:oo-ah2 a long-drawn1 :oo-ah2 r>ely a wild scream2 & :5 two individuals meet1 a rem>kable m$ley ( hoots & ha-has4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica except ,gulf ,coa/2 nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba2 we/ to ,colorado2 resid5t1 except at nor!rn limit ( range4 #cfh;a4 ,florida ,b>r$ ,owl 7,s4 v4 all5i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfh1 b small]1 d>k]2 black b>s especially on brea/1 wid]2 toes ne>ly if n q b>e4 ,range4--,florida2 nor? along coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 we/ along coa/ to ,texas4 #cfh;b4 ,texas ,b>r$ ,owl 7,s4 v4 helveolum74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfh 9 color1 b ) ! toes b>e z 9 ,no4 #cfh;a4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #cfi4 #cfi4 ,spott$ ,owl 7,syrnium occid5tale74 ,resembles ,no4 #cfh1 b has ! head & neck spott$ ) :ite2 prim>ies ) broad1 :iti% tips4 ,notes4 ,probably simil> to ^? ( ,no4 #cfh4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f s\!rn ,colorado & ,new ,mexico1 we/ to ,cali=nia1 s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,guanajuato1 ,mexico4 #cfi;a4 ,nor!rn ,spott$ ,owl 7,s4 o4 caur9um74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfi1 b d>k]2 :ite m>k+s small]2 :ite spots on head & neck r$uc$ to m9imum2 :ite tips to prim>ies ne>ly obsolete4 7,m]riam47 ,range4--,we/]n ,wa%+ton & ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgj4 #cgj4 ,great ,gray ,owl 7,scotiaptex nebulosa74 ,l4 #bg4 ,no e>-tufts2 eyes yell[4 ,ads4 ,above black f9ely & irregul>ly m>k$ ) :ite2 brea/ /reak$2 feet fea!r$ to toe-nails4 ,notes4 ,said to be a tremul\s1 vibrat+ s\nd4 7,fi%]47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? ( ,lat4 #ee;,a deg42 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates casually z f> z ,new ,j]sey1 ,ill9ois1 ,m9nesota1 ,idaho1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia4 #cga4 ,ri*>dson ,owl 7,nyctala t5gmalmi ri*>dsoni74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n ) num]\s :ite spots1 p>ticul>ly on head2 feet fea!r$ to toes & usually ) indi/9ct1 dusky b>s4 ,notes4 ,a musical1 s(t :i/le4 7,:eelright47 ,a peculi> grat+ cry4 7,nelson47 7,see next page47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ,manitoba nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 casually to ,massa*usetts1 ,i[a1 & ,colorado2 no ,pacific coa/ record 7874 ,illu/ration3 #cga4 ,illu/ration3 #cgb4 #cgb4 ,saw-:et ,owl2 ,acadian ,owl 7,nyctala acadica74 ,l4 #h4 ,ads4 ,above c9namon br[n2 =ehead ) _m1 h9dhead ) few /reaks2 back ) :ite spots2 feet & legs less heavily fea!r$ ?an 9 ,no4 #cga & )\t dusky b>s4 ,yng4 ,brea/ & back c9namon br[n ) few :ite m>k+s2 belly ru/y buff1 un/reak$4 ,notes4 ,a frequ5tly repeat$ :i/le2 sometimes high1 sometimes l[2 g5]ally beg9s sl[ & ends rapidly2 resembles noise ( saw-fil+4 7,ralph47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,massa*usetts 7r>ely71 nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,ill9ois2 &1 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 f ,mexico nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to ,virg9ia1 ,kansas & c5tral ,cali=nia4 #cgb;a4 ,nor?we/ ,saw-:et ,owl 7,n4 a4 scot,aa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgb1 b d>k] bo? above & bel[1 d>k m>k+s ev]y:]e heavi]2 flanks1 legs & feet m rufesc5t4 7,osgood47 ,range4--,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgi4 #cgi4 ,pygmy ,owl 7,glaucidium gnoma74 ,l4 #g4 ,top ( head spott$4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n2 spots :iti%4 ,yng4 ,no spots on head4 ,notes4 ,a s(t coo+ coohuh1 coohuh1 repeat$ a numb] ( times4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,timb]$ regions ( we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f s\!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9s 9 ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,arizona1 we/ to ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 & ,wa%+ton1 except coa/ belt1 s\? into ,mexico4 #cgi;a4 ,cali=nia ,pygmy ,owl 7,g4 g4 cali=nicum74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgi1 b d>k]2 spots above buff or ru/y4 ,range4--,humid coa/ region f ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 #cgi4a4 ,hosk9 ,pygmy ,owl 7,glaucidium hosk9sii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgi;a1 b small] & gray]1 ! =ehead & facial disc ) m :ite1 ! upp]p>ts less di/9ctly spott$4 7,brew/47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #chj4 #chj4 ,f]rug9\s ,pygmy ,owl 7,glaucidium phal,anoides74 ,l4 #g4 ,top ( head /reak$4 ,ads4 ,above v>y+ f grayi% br[n m>k$ ) :iti% to pla9 r$di% br[n )\t m>ks2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) grayi% br[n or r$di% br[n4 ,yng4 ,no /reaks on head4 ,notes4 ,a s(tly :i/l$ coo repeat$ _m times at int]vals ( ab\t "o second4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica2 f ,brazil nor? to ,mexican bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #cha4 #cha4 ,elf ,owl 7,micropallas :itneyi74 ,l4 #f4 ,smalle/ ( our ,owls4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n1 head spott$2 back b>r$ ) ru/y2 bel[ mix$ ru/y1 :ite & grayi%4 ,notes4 ,a tremul\s *a-*a1 *a-*a1 9 diff]5t keys1 sometimes l[1 sometimes di/9ct4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,tablel& ( ,mexico f ,puebla nor? to ,mexican bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 & 7r>ely7 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgc4 #cgc4 ,scree* ,owl 7,megascops asio74 ,l4 #i4d2 ,w4 #f4d2 ,t4 #c4 ,two color phases2 ) e>-tufts2 eyes yell[4 ,ad4 ,gray phase4 ,above buffy gray irregul>ly m>k$ ) black2 bel[ gray1 :ite1 ru/y & black4 ,ad4 ,r$ phase4 ,above bright ru/y br[n ) a few black /reaks2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) black & b>r$ ) ru/y br[n4 ,yng4 ,above gray or ru/y b>r$ ) black & :ite2 bel[ :ite ?ickly b>r$ ) blacki%4 ,notes4 ,a frequ5tly repeat$ tremul\s1 wail+ :i/le2 (t5 foll[$ by a sl[] refra9-l call2 a ca/anet-l snapp+ ( ! m&ibles4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ,florida nor? to ,new ,brunswick1 ,ont>io & ,m9nesota1 we/ to ! ,great ,pla9s2 resid5t4 #cgc;a4 ,florida ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 floridanus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #cgc1 ,w4 #f4j2 ,t4 #b4h4 ,two color phases4 ,simil> to ^? ( ,no4 #cgc1 b av]ag+ d>k] & m heavily m>k$ bel[2 especially 9 r$ phase4 ,range4--,florida1 nor? along coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 we/ along coa/ to ,l\isiana4 #cgc;b4 ,texas ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 mccalli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgc1 b small]1 ,w4 #f4a2 und]p>ts1 especially sides ( belly1 ) m black b>s2 toes b>]4 ,i h se5 only a gray phase4 ,range4--,f we/]n & s\!rn ,texas across ea/ bord] ( tablel&s ( ,mexico4 7,bailey47 #cgc;c4 ,cali=nia ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 b5direi74 ,w4 #f4f4 ,a gray color phase only4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #cgc1 b some:at d>k] above2 less buff ab\t ! nape2 black /reak+s m regul>ly di/ribut$2 und]p>ts mu* z 9 ,no4 #cgc;b4 ,range4--,cali=nia & s\!rn ,oregon4 ,illu/ration3 #cgc;d4 #cgc;d4 ,k5nicott ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 k5nicottii74 ,l4 #aj2 ,w4 #g4be4 ,ads4 ,sooty br[n prevail+ above2 blacki% m>k+s bel[ ne>ly if n fully z wide z :ite ones2 d>ke/ ( our ,scree* ,owls4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,oregon to ,sitka4 ,illu/ration3 #cgc;e4 #cgc;e4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 maxwelli,a74 ,w4 #g4 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgc;f above b pal]2 pale grayi% buff pr$om9at+2 black m>k+s ?r\gh\t mu* n>r[] & less num]\s ?an 9 ,no4 #cgc;g2 pale/ ( our ,scree* ,owls4 ,range4--,foo?ills & adjac5t pla9s ( ! ea/ ,rocky ,m\nta9s f ,colorado nor? to ,montana 7,b5dire74 #cgc;f4 ,mexican ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 c9]aceus74 ,a gray color phase only4 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgc;b4 b mu* gray] above2 buff m>k+s ( ,no4 #cgc;b almo/ :olly abs5t2 bel[ black b>s m num]\s & n>r[] ?an 9 ,no4 #cgc;b4 ,range4--,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 & we/]n ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cgc;g4 ,aik5 ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 aik5i74 ,a gray color phase only4 ,w4 #f4e4 ,simil> to #cgc;f1 b /ill gray]2 almo/ no buff above2 black m>k+s wid] on head1 back1 & und]p>ts4 ,range4--,pla9s1 ,el ,paso ,c\nty1 ,colorado1 s\? probably to c5tral ,new ,mexico & nor!a/]n ,arizona4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cgc;h4 ,mac,farlane ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 a4 macf>lanei74 ,a gray color phase only4 ,ads4 ,( ! size ( k5nicottii1 b ) color & m>k+s ( b5direi4 ,w4 #g4b2 ,t4 #c4h4 7,brew/47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,wa%+ton & ,oregon to we/]n ,montana & probably int]m$iate regions1 & nor? to ! int]ior ( ,briti% ,columbia4 7,bailey47 #cgc4a4 ,spott$ ,scree* ,owl 7,megascops tri*opsis74 ,l4 #g4g4 ,ads4 ,above mix$ black1 grayi% br[n & buff2 black prevail+ on head2 fea!rs ( =eback ) buffy :ite spots on ei!r side ne> ! end2 bel[ mu* z 9 ,no4 #cgc;f4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,arizona & s\?w>d into nor!rn ,mexico4 #cgc4b4 ,xantus ,scree* ,owl 7,megascops xantusi74 ,w4 #e4c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above drab1 back t+$ ) p9ki% ru/y & fa9tly v]miculat$ ) r$di% br[n2 brea/ pal] a%y fa9tly suffus$ ) p9ki% or ru/y2 belly :iti%2 und]p>ts f9ely b>r$ ) r$di% br[n & /reak$ ) clove-br[n4 7,brew/47 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgd4 #cgd4 ,flammulat$ ,scree* ,owl 7,megascops flammeola74 ,l4 #g4 ,ads4 ,e>-tufts small2 eye surr\nd$ by ru/y1 !n by gray2 cr[n1 nape & tips ( scapul>s l>gely ru/y2 neck b& ru/y4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( ,guatemala nor? to ,colorado 7#aa specim5s1 #g f ,b\ld] ,c\nty1 ,cook71 we/ r>ely to ,cali=nia 7#b specim5s74 #cgd;a4 ,dw>f ,scree* ,owl 7,m4 f4 idaho5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgd1 b slightly small] & pal]1 especially on und]p>ts :]e gr\nd color is :ite & black m>k+s are re/rict$4 ,range4--,idaho1 ea/]n ,oregon & ,cali=nia 7,san ,b]n>d9o ,m\nta9s1 #c specim5s1 ,gr9nell74 ,illu/ration3 #cge4 #cge4 ,great ,horn$ ,owl 7,bubo virg9ianus74 ,male1 ,l4 #bb2 ,w4 #ae4 ,ads4 ,e>s conspicu\s2 ! fea!rs ne>ly ?r\gh\t ! body ru/y basally2 facial disc ri* ru/y4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 l[1 deep-ton$ :oo1 hoo-hoo-hoo1 :ooo-:ooo1 v>iable1 b usually on ! same note2 r>ely a hair-rais+ scream4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 nor? to ,labrador1 s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica2 resid5t4 #cge;a4 ,we/]n ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 pallesc5s74 ,small] & pal] ?an ,no4 #cge1 ,w4 #ac4g2 facial disc wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 except ,pacific coa/ region1 ea/ to ,great ,pla9s2 casually ,wiscons9 & ,ill9ois nor? to ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? to ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #cge;b4 #cge;b4 ,arctic ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 arcticus74 ,black & :ite prevail+ above2 bases ( fea!rs light yell[i% buff2 bel[ black & :ite ) little or no buffy2 facial disc gray4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,arctic ,am]ica1 f ,rocky ,m\nta9s ea/ to ,hudson ,bay2 bre$s nor? ( ,lat4 #ea;,a deg42 9 w9t] /raggles s\?w>d to adjac5t bord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 r>ely to ,wyom+ & ,nebraska4 #cge;c4 ,dusky ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 saturatus74 ,size ( ,no4 #cge;b1 b mu* d>k]2 black b>s bel[ equall+ :ite ones 9 wid?2 d>ke/ bird ( gr\p4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region f ,mont]ey ,bay1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,alaska2 ea/ to ,hudson ,bay & ,labrador4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cge;d4 ,pacific ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 pacificus74 ,some:at small] ?an ,no4 #cge;b1 ,w4 #ac4e2 m l ,no4 #cge 9 color b less ru/y4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 except humid coa/ region2 ea/ to ,arizona4 #cge;e4 ,dw>f ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 ela*i/us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cge;c1 b v mu* small]4 ,w4 ,male1 #ab4h2 ,female1 #ac4d4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgf4 #cgf4 ,sn[y ,owl 7,nyctea nyctea74 ,l4 #be4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ite m or less b>r$ ) blacki%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b m heavily b>r$4 ,range4--,nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica bre$s f ,lat4 #ej;,a deg4 nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates2 /raggles z f> z ,texas & ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cgg;a4 #cgg;a4 ,am]ican ,hawk ,owl 7,surnia ulula cap>o*74 ,l4 #ae2 ,t4 #g4b long & r\nd$4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% black1 cr[n ?ickly spott$1 scapul>s conspicu\sly m>g9$ ) :ite2 *9 blacki%2 belly b>r$4 ,notes4 ,a %rill cry g5]ally utt]$ :ile fly+4 7,fi%]47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica3 bre$s f ,newf\ndl& & nor!rn ,montana nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 r>ely to ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,ill9ois2 r>e on ,pacific coa/4 ,ord] ,,xiii4 ,,p>oquets ,,& ,,p>rots4 ,,psittaci4 ,family #a4 ,,p>rots & ,,p>oquets4 ,psittacid,a4 #b species4 ,p>rots are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! w>m] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ( ! "s five hundr$ kn[n species inhabit ,am]ica4 ,! ,c>ol9a ,p>oquet1 practically ! only memb] ( ?is family f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 s9ce ! ,?ick-bill$ ,p>rot b>ely rea*es our bord] 9 ,arizona1 0 once an abundant bird 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 b x is n[ re/rict$ to a few localities 9 ,florida & possibly ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,ord] ,,xiv4 ,,cuckoos1 ,,trogons1 ,,k+fi%]s1 ,etc4 ,,coccyges4 ,family #a4 ,,cuckoos1 ,,anis1 etc4 ,cuculid,a4 #e species #b subspecies4 ,family #b4 ,,trogons4 ,trogonid,a4 #a species4 ,family #c4 ,,k+fi%]s4 ,alcedinid,a4 #b species4 ,! ,cuckoos are a gr\p ( _w-wide di/ribution1 b are m num]\s 9 ! ea/]n ?an 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e :]e only ?irty-five ( ! "s "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five species are f\nd4 ,! habit ( ! ,european ,cuckoo 9 plac+ its eggs 9 ! ne/ ( o!r birds is well kn[n4 ,! ,am]ican species1 h[ev]1 build ne/s ( _! own ?\gh x is true !y are f> f well made /ructures4 ,) ! ,anis "o ne/ s]ves = sev]al females :o may deposit z _m z ?irty eggs1 incubation & ! c>e ( ! "y be+ subsequ5tly %>$ by ! memb]s ( ?is s+ul> family4 ,trogons are f\nd 9 ! tropics ( bo? ! ,old & ,new ,worlds4 ,!y are quiet1 s$5t>y birds inhabit+ =e/s & fe$+ l>gely on fruit4 ,s f> z is kn[n !y ne/ 9 holl[ trees4 ,only eight ( ! "o hundr$ & eighty or m kn[n ,k+fi%]s are f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 ! rema9+ species be+ conf9$ to ! ,old ,_w :]e !y are mo/ num]\s 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago4 ,p>rots & ,p>oquets ,illu/ration3 #chb4a #chb4a4 ,?ick-bill$ ,p>rot 7,rhyn*opsitta pa*yrhyn*a74 ,l4 #af4e4 ,ads4 ,=ehead1 loral region1 /ripe ov] eye1 b5d ( w+ & ?ighs r$2 great] "u w+-cov]ts yell[2 re/ ( plumage gre54 ,range--,c5tral ,mexico nor? r>ely to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #chb4 #chb4 ,c>ol9a ,p>oquet 7,conurus c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #ab4e ,ads4 ,=ehead & *eeks deep orange1 re/ ( head yell[4 ,yng4 ,=ehead & loral region orange2 re/ ( head gre5 l back2 no yell[ on b5d ( w+4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 roll+ kr-r-r-r-r-r4 ,range4--,=m]ly ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to ,m>yl&1 ,great ,lakes1 & ,i[a2 we/ to ,colorado1 ,oklahoma & ea/]n ,texas2 n[ re/rict$ to s\!rn ,florida & p>ts ( ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,cuckoos #chc4 ,ani 7,crotophaga ani74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #chd b upp] m&ible )\t grooves4 ,notes4 ,a compla9+ :i/l$ oo-eeek1 oo-eeek4 ,range ea/]n ,s\? ,am]ica2 nor? to ,we/ ,indies & ,bahamas1 r>ely to s\!rn ,florida2 accid5tal 9 ,l\isiana & ,p5nsylvania4 ,illu/ration3 #chd4 #chd4 ,groove-bill$ ,ani 7,crotophaga sulciro/ris74 ,l4 #ab4e ,b4 4#g high2 ! upp] m&ible ) ridges & furr[s4 ,ads4 ,blue-black1 _m ( ! fea!rs ) iridesc5t m>g9s4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,s\? ,am]ica1 nor? ?r\gh ,mexico to ,l[] ,cali=nia & s\!a/]n ,texas2 casually ,arizona1 ,l\isiana & ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #che4 #che4 ,road-runn] 7,geococcyx cali=nianus74 ,l4 #bc4 ,toes two 9 front1 two beh9d4 ,ads4 ,above glossy olive-br[n ) :iti% & ru/y m>g9s1 tail mu* r\nd$1 out] tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,a s(t coo+ & a l[ *itt]+ note produc$ by /rik+ ! m&ibles toge!r4 ,b5dire m5tions a note l t ( a h5 call+ h] brood4 ,range c5tral ,mexico nor?1 r>ely to s\?we/]n ,kansas1 s\!rn ,colorado1 & ,sacram5to ,valley1 ,cali=nia1 r>ely to s\!rn ,oregon4 ,illu/ration3 #chf4 #chf4 ,mangrove ,cuckoo 7,coccyzus m9or74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ads4 ,und]p>ts uni=mly ri* buff2 above grayi% br[n1 cr[n gray]2 e>-cov]ts black2 tail black1 out] fea!rs broadly tipp$ ) :ite4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 nor? ?r\gh ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,mexico & ,great] ,antilles 7except ,porto ,rico87 to ,florida & ,l\isiana1 migrat+ s\? 9 fall4 #chf;a4 ,mayn>d ,cuckoo 7,c4 m4 mayn>di74 ,simil> to ,no4 #chf1 b und]p>ts pal]1 ! ?roat & =ebrea/ m or less a%y :ite4 ,range4--,bahamas & 7ea/]n87 ,florida ,keys4 ,illu/ration3 #chg4 #chg4 ,yell[-bill$ ,cuckoo 7,coccyzus am]icanus74 ,l4 #ab4b4 ,ads4 ,bel[ :ite2 l[] m&ible l>gely yell[1 tail black1 out] fea!rs widely tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,tut-tut1 tut-tut1 tut-tut1 tut-tut1 cl-uck1 cl-uck1 cl-uck1 cl-uck1 cl-uck1 cl-uck1 c[1 c[1 c[1 c[1 c[1 c[1 usually giv5 9 "p4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,florida to ,new ,brunswick & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #chg;a4 ,cali=nia ,cuckoo 7,c4 a4 occid5talis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #chg b some:at gray] & l>g]2 ! bill slightly long]1 #a4je4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 nor? to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ,we/]n ,texas2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #chh4 #chh4 ,black-bill$ ,cuckoo 7,coccyzus ery?roph?almus74 ,l4 #aa4h4 ,ads4 ,:ite bel[2 bill black2 tail1 se5 f bel[1 grayi% n>r[ly tipp$ ) :ite2 above1 especially on cr[n1 br[n] ?an ,no4 #chg4 ,notes4 ,simil> to ^? ( ,no4 #chg1 b s(t]1 ! c[ notes connect$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 we/ to ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s nor? to ,labrador & ,manitoba2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #chi4 #chi4 ,copp]y-tail$ ,trogon 7,trogon ambiguus74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,w+-cov]ts f9ely v]miculat$2 tail copp]y tipp$ ) black2 out] web & end ( out] fea!rs :ite1 mottl$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,e>-cov]ts gray2 back grayi% br[n2 middle tail-fea!rs ru/y br[n tipp$ ) black2 brea/ br[ni%2 upp] belly grayi%2 v5tral region p9k4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( a h5 ,turkey4 7,fi%]47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,mexico nor? to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #cij4 #cij4 ,belt$ ,k+fi%] 7,c]yle alcyon74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/-b& & sides l back4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,brea/-b& & sides ru/y4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 h>% rattle4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,florida1 ,texas1 & ,cali=nia nor? to ,arctic regions2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia1 ,kansas1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #cia4 #cia4 ,texas ,k+fi%] 7,c]yle am]icana sept5trionalis74 ,l4 #h4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/ ru/y br[n2 back gre5i%2 a :ite coll>4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat & brea/ :ite1 sometimes t+$ ) buffy2 a brea/ & belly b& ( gre5i% spots4 ,notes4 ,:5 fly+1 a %>p1 rattl+ twitt]2 :5 p]*+1 a rapid1 excit$ tick+4 ,range4--,tropical ,am]ica1 f ,panama nor? to s\!rn ,texas4 ,ord] ,,xv4 ,,woodpeck]s4 ,,pici4 ,family #a4 ,,woodpeck]s4 ,picid,a4 #bd species1 #bb subspecies4 ,! "s ?ree hundr$ & fifty kn[n species ( ,woodpeck]s are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! wood$ p>ts ( ! _w1 except 9 ,au/ralia & ,madagasc>1 ne>ly "o half ( ?is numb] be+ f\nd 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,fe$+ l>gely ^u ! eggs & larv,a ( insects1 :i* !y c obta9 at all seasons1 mo/ ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican species are n highly migratory b are repres5t$ 9 ! m nor!rn p>ts ( _! range at all times ( ! ye>4 ,woodpeck]s ne/ 9 holes 9 trees g5]ally excavat$ by !mselves4 ,! eggs1 f\r to eight or n9e 9 numb]1 l ^? ( mo/ birds t lay 9 cov]$ situations1 are pure :ite4 ,! "y are born nak$ & are re>$ 9 ! ne/4 ,9 few birds is ! close relation betwe5 /ructure & habit m /rik+ly illu/rat$ ?an 9 ! ,woodpeck]s4 ,_! l5g!n$ toes plac$ two be=e & two beh9d 7except 9 "o g5us7 & arm$ ) /rong nails enable !m readily to grasp ! b>k ( trees up :i* !y climb4 ,_! /iff5$1 po9t$ tail-fea!rs are also ( assi/ance to !m 9 reta9+ _! position on tree trunks1 s]v+ z a prop on :i* !y may re/ :ile *isel+ out _! homes or lay+ b>e ! tunnels ( ! grubs ( wood bor+ beetles4 ,= ?is purpose !y use _! bill1 a m>vell\sly effective tool ) :i* "s ( ! l>ge ,woodpeck]s p]=m a/oni%+ feats4 ,i h se5 an op5+ made by a ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] 9 a :ite p9e tree1 twelve in*es long1 f\r in*es wide1 & eight in*es deep1 ?r\gh p]fectly s\nd wood to rea* ! larv,a at "w 9 ! he>t ( ! tree4 ,! bill is also us$ z a musical in/rum5t1 ! 'song' ( ,woodpeck]s be+ a roll+ tattoo produc$ by rapid tapp+s on "s resonant limb4 ,z might be suppos$ ! ,woodpeck]s are great ( economic value4 ,pr(essor ,beal /ates t at lea/ two-?irds to ?ree-f\r?s ( ! food ( our common ,d[ny & ,hairy ,woodpeck]s consi/s *iefly ( noxi\s insects4 ,woodpeck]s ,illu/ration3 #cib4 #cib4 ,ivory-bill$ ,woodpeck] 7,campephilus pr9cipalis74 ,l4 #bj2 ,b4 #b4g1 ivory :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cre/ sc>let4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ! ,male1 b cre/ black4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 p5ny trumpet-l yap-yap4 ,range4--,florida we/ to ea/]n ,texas2 nor? to s\!rn ,miss\ri & ,oklahoma2 =m]ly nor? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ill9ois1 & ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 #djj4 #djj4 ,arctic ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] 7,picoides arcticus74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,back %9+ black )\t :ite2 toes two 9 front1 "o beh9d ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n black4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 %rill1 *irk1 *irk4 7,h>dy47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ! ,arctic regions s\? to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 7,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota & ,idaho71 & 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevadas to ,lake ,tahoe4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #dja4 #dja4 ,am]ican ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] 7,picoides am]icanus74 ,l4 #h4g4 ,back ) :ite3 toes two 9 front1 "o beh9d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n yell[2 :ite b>s on back brok51 deta*$ n conflu5t4 ,notes4 ,a prolong$ squeal+1 r>ely utt]$4 7,turn]47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 we/ to ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ,ma9e1 m\nta9s ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & nor!rn ,m9nesota nor?w>d2 s\? 9 w9t]1 r>ely to ,massa*usetts1 c5tral ,new ,york1 & nor!rn ,ill9ois4 #dja;a4 ,alaskan ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] 7,p4 a4 fasciatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dja1 b :ite b>s on back conflu5t =m+ a m or less cont9u\s :ite pat*4 ,range4--,alaska ,t]ritory2 casually8 s\? ?r\gh we/]n ,briti% ,columbia to nor?we/]n ,wa%+ton 7vic9ity ( ,mt4 ,bak]72 ea/ irregul>ly to ,great ,be> ,lake & ! ,mack5zie ,riv] ,valley1 ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 7,b5dire47 #dja b4 ,alp9e ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] 7,p4 a4 dorsalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dja;a1 b l>g]4 ,w4 #e2 bill n>r[]4 ,notes4 ,a h>%1 nasal cry2 a sudd51 %>p :ip1 :ip1 :ip1 7,me>ns47 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f ,briti% ,columbia & ,idaho s\? into ,new ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #dje4 #dje4 ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] 7,ceophl,au pileatus74 ,l4 #ag4 ,w4 #h4i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n1 cre/1 & /reaks on sides ( ?roat r$2 sides ( neck & pat* on w+ :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,=ehead br[ni%1 no r$ on sides ( ?roat4 ,notes4 ,a sonor\s c[-c[-c[1 repeat$ sl[ly _m times & a wi*ew call :5 two birds meet2 bo? sugge/+ calls ( ! ,flick]4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #dje;a4 ,nor!rn ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] 7,c4 p4 abieticola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dje1 b slightly l>g]1 ,w4 #i2 ,t4 #f4b4 ,range4--,locally di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t m heavily wood$ regions ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 except 9 s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to ,lat4 #fc;,a deg44 ,illu/ration3 #cic4 #cic4 ,hairy ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates villosus74 ,l4 #i2 ,w4 #d4g ,out] tail-fea!rs :ite )\t t]m9al black m>ks4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,w+-cov]ts spott$1 und]p>ts :ite2 nape ) a r$ b&4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b nape b& :ite4 ,notes4 ,a %>p peek & a ,k+fi%]-l rattle4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,canada4 #cic;a4 ,nor!rn ,hairy ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 leucomelas74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic1 b l>g]2 ,l4 #aj2 ,w4 #e4b4 ,range4--,briti% ,am]ica nor? to ,alaska4 #cic;b4 ,s\!rn ,hairy ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 audubonii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic1 b small]2 ,l4 #h2 ,w4 #d4b4 ,range4--,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates1 nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #cic;c4 #cic;c4 ,h>ris ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 h>risi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic1 b w+-cov]ts usually )\t :ite spots2 und]p>ts dirty1 dusky1 br[ni%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,briti% ,columbia4 #cic;d4 ,cabanis ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 hyloscopus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic;c1 b :it] bel[4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 ea/ to ,arizona4 #cic;e4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,hairy ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 monticola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic;c1 b pure :ite bel[2 l>g]1 size ( ,no4 #cic;a4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f nor!rn ,new ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 #cic;f4 ,que5 ,*>lotte ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 picoideus7 ,simil> to ,no4 #cic;c1 b middle ( back b>r$ & spott$ ) black2 flanks /reak$ ) black4 7,osgood47 ,range4--,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #cid4 #cid4 ,s\!rn ,d[ny ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates pubesc5s74 ,l4 #f2 ,w4 #c4e4 ,out] tail-fea!rs :ite ) t]m9al black m>ks4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,nape-b& r$2 smalle/ ( gr\p1 und]p>ts d+i] ?an 9 ,no4 #cid;c2 :ite ( less ext5t2 w+-cov]ts spott$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b nape-b& :ite4 ,notes4 ,a %>p peek & a rattle simil> to t ( ,no4 #cic1 b n s l\d4 ,range4--,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 & ,gulf ,/ates to ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #cid;a4 #cid;a4 ,gairdn] ,woodpeck] 7,d4 p4 gairdn]ii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cid;b1 b und]p>ts sooty gray2 ! d>ke/ bel[ ( any =m 9 ! gr\p4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 #cid;b4 ,bat*eld] ,woodpeck] 7,d4 p4 homorus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cid;c1 b w+-cov]ts ) few or no :ite spots1 "u tail-cov]ts )\t dusky /reaks4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,a4,o4,u47 #cid;c4 ,nor!rn ,d[ny ,woodpeck] 7,d4 p4 m$ianus74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #c4g4 ,simil> to ,no4 #cid1 b l>g]2 :it] bel[2 :ite m>k+s ( great] ext5t4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #cid;d4 ,alaskan ,d[ny ,woodpeck] 7,d4 p4 nelsoni74 ,w4 #d4 ,simil> to ,no4 #cid;c1 b /ill l>g] & :it]2 l>ge/ ( ! gr\p4 ,range4--,alaska4 #cid;e4 ,will[ ,woodpeck] 7,d4 p4 turati74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cid;a1 b small]1 ,w4 #c4h4 sup]cili>y pat* & und]p>ts :it]2 t]tials always m or less spott$ ) :ite4 7,w4 ,k4 ,fi%]47 ,range4--,cali=nia1 except3 des]t ranges & ea/]n slope ( ,si]ra ,nevada1 coa/ region nor? ( ,m>9 ,co41 & region nor? ( upp] end ( ,sacram5to ,valley4 7,w4 ,k4 ,fi%]47 ,illu/ration3 #cie4 #cie4 ,r$-cockad$ ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates borealis74 ,l4 #h4d4 ,sides ( head & neck :ite bord]$ by black bel[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a ne>ly conceal$ r$ tuft on ei!r side ( ! h9dhead4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b no r$ on head4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 ho>se1 yank1 yank4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates2 we/ to ea/]n ,texas2 nor? to ,virg9ia & ,arkansas4 ,illu/ration3 #cif4 #cif4 ,texan ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates scal>is bairdi74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,out] tail-fea!rs b>r$ to _! base2 nasal tufts br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,all cr[n fea!rs tipp$ ) r$2 back b>r$3 bel[ br[ni% :ite1 spott$ & /reak$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b top ( head :olly black4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico1 nor? to ,texas b\nd>y1 ,new ,mexico1 s\!rn ,colorado1 s\!rn ,nevada1 s\?we/]n ,utah1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia4 #cif;a4 ,sa9t ,lucas ,woodpeck] 7,d4 s4 lucasanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cif1 b out] tail-fea!r b>r$ ) black only on t]m9al half or less1 except sometimes on inn] web4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor?1 r>ely to ,colorado ,des]t1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #cig4 #cig4 ,nuttall ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates nuttallii74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,bel[ :ite only slightly soil$2 out] tail-fea!r b>r$ only on end half4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n black /reak$ ) :ite2 nape r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b top ( head entirely black1 usually1 ) a few :ite spots4 ,yng4 ,top ( head dull r$4 ,notes4 ,a %>p quee-quee-quee-queep2 a dim9utive *ittah4 7,bailey47 ,l\d rattl+ notes4 7,h5%aw47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? locally1 to s\!rn ,oregon4 ,illu/ration3 #cih4 #cih4 ,arizona ,woodpeck] 7,dryobates arizon,a474 ,l4 #h4b4 ,above br[n1 bel[ spott$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a r$ nape b&4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b no r$ on nape1 br[n ( cr[n cont9u\s ) t ( back4 ,yng4 ,:ole cr[n r$4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,arizona & s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #cii4 #cii4 ,:ite-head$ ,woodpeck] 7,x5opicus albol>vatus74 ,l4 #i4 ,:ole head & "p ( w+s :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,nape r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,nape :ite4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 cle> witt-witt2 a r sil5t bird4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to we/]n ,idaho & we/]n ,nevada4 ,illu/ration3 #djb4 #djb4 ,yell[-belli$ ,sapsuck] 7,sphyrapicus v>ius74 ,l4 #h4e2 ,w4 #d4h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & ?roat r$2 a :iti% b& f eye to eye across nape2 belly wa%$ ) yell[2 brea/ pat* black ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b ?roat :ite2 cr[n r>ely black4 ,yng4 ,brea/ grayi% ) int]nal d>k r+s or b>s2 cr[n dirty yell[i% m>g9$ ) dusky2 r$ fea!rs soon appe> on ?roat & cr[n4 ,notes4 ,a cle> r++ cleur repeat$2 a l[ sn>l+ cry resembl+ mew ( ,catbird4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,massa*usetts & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ab\t ,lat4 #fc;,a deg4 #cj'2 s\? 9 ,alleghanies to nor?we/ ,georgia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,virg9ia to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #djb;a4 ,r$-nap$ ,sapsuck] 7,s4 v4 nu*alis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #djb1 b slightly l>g]4 ,w4 #e2 ! nape b& r$2 r$ ( ?roat encroa*+ on black bord]+ /reaks2 female ! same b *9 :ite4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region2 bre$s f ,colorado & nor!a/]n ,cali=nia 7871 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia s\? to nor?we/]n ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #djc4 #djc4 ,r$-brea/$ ,sapsuck] 7,sphyrapicus rub]74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,cr[n1 :ole ?roat & brea/ dull r$2 9 o!r respects resembl+ ,no4 #djb4 ,notes4 ,jay or cha,ae1 peeye1 p9ck1 & peurr3 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 m\nta9s f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,oregon4 #djc;a4 ,nor!rn ,r$-brea/$ ,sapsuck] 7,s4 r4 notk5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #djc1 b colors deep]1 r$ bright]2 belly yell[]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region f ,santa ,cruz ,m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to s\!rn ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #djd4 #djd4 ,williamson ,sapsuck] 7,sphyrapicus ?yroideus74 ,l4 #i4 ,belly bright yell[2 rump :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above black21 a r$ /ripe on ?roat2 less] w+-cov]ts :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n & ?roat br[ni%2 back & less] w+-cov]ts b>r$ black & :iti%4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b brea/ b>r$ l sides4 ,notes4 ,a %rill huit-huit utt]$ :5 fly+4 7,b5dire47 ,! roll ( ?is ,woodpeck] is n cont9u\s1 b is brok5 or int]rupt$4 ,range4--,high] m\nta9 ranges ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia nor? to ,wyom+ & s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & we/]n ,texas into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #djh4 #djh4 ,lewis ,woodpeck] 7,asyndesmus torquatus74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,brea/ & a coll> ar\nd ! neck gray2 region ab\t base ( bill d>k r$2 belly p9ki% r$2 above %9+ gre5 black4 ,yng4 ,no gray coll>2 cr[n suffus$ ) r$4 ,notes4 ,a weak1 peep+ twitt]4 7,lawr5ce74 ,g5]ally a sil5t bird4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,alb]ta & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,oregon & ,colorado s\? to we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #djf4 #djf4 ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck] 7,melan]pes ery?rocephalus74 ,l4 #i4g4 ,ads4 ,:ole head & brea/ r$2 end half ( second>ies :ite4 ,yng4 ,:ole head & brea/ grayi% /reak$ ) blacki%2 back black m>g9$ ) grayi%2 end half ( second>ies :ite ) black b>s4 ,notes4 ,a tree-toad-l k]-r-ruck1 k]-r-ruck4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates we/ to ,rocky ,m\nta9s3 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,new ,york & ,manitoba2 local & irregul> 9 nor!rn p>ts ( range2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia1 & occasionally f ,new ,york1 s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #djg4 #djg4 ,/rip$-brea/$ ,woodpeck] 7,melan]pes =micivorus74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,brea/ b& /reak$ ) :ite2 rump :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead1 :ite1 cr[n1 nape1 & brea/-spot r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,c5t] ( cr[n ) a black b& ( same wid? z :ite b& on =ehead4 ,notes4 ,a l\d t*urr1 t*urr4 ,range4--,mexico nor? to s\?we/ ,texas & ,arizona4 #djg;a4 ,cali=nian ,woodpeck] 7,m4 f4 bairdi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #djg1 b black brea/-b& ) :ite only on its po/]ior m>g94 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region f nor!rn ,cali=nia to s\!rn ,oregon4 #djg;b4 ,n>r[-front$ ,woodpeck] 7,m4 f4 angu/ifrons74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,no4 #djg1 b small]1 ,w4 #e4b2 ! ?roat bright] yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,) black cr[n-b& wid] ?an :ite =ehead b&4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dji4 #dji4 ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck] 7,c5turus c>ol9us74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,c5t] ( belly r$di%4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,top ( head & nape entirely r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,nape r$1 cr[n grayi%1 =ehead t+$ ) r$4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se1 ch,ah-ch,ah4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas to ,m>yl&1 ,ont>io1 & ,s\? ,dakota2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ohio s\?w>d2 casually nor? z f> z ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 #daj4 #daj4 ,gold5-front$ ,woodpeck] 7,c5turus aurifrons74 ,l4 #aj4e2 c5t] ( belly yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead yell[1 cr[n-pat* r$1 nape orange4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,=ehead & nape yell[1 cr[n entirely gray4 ,notes4 ,l\d & p5etrat+4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,mexico1 nor? to c5tral ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #daa4 #daa4 ,gila ,woodpeck] 7,c5turus uropygialis74 ,l4 #aj4 ,c5t] ( belly yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,top ( head & nape sooty gray2 a r$-cr[n pat*4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,top ( head & nape entirely sooty gray4 ,notes4 ,dch,arr1 dch,arr2 :5 fly+1 a %rill huit l call-note ( ,pha9opepla4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico1 nor? to s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dab4 #dab4 ,s\!rn ,flick] 7,colaptes auratus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #dab;a1 ,w4 #e4f4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates nor? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #dab;a4 ,nor!rn ,flick] 7,c4 a4 luteus74 ,l4 #ac2 ,w4 #f4d4 ,cr[n blui% gray2 ?roat p9ki% br[n2 a sc>let nape-b&2 l9+ ( w+s & tail yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,) black pat*es on ! sides ( ! ?roat4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,)\t black ?roat pat*es4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 emphatic ke,a7,c7-y]2 a l[ *uckle :5 tak+ flight2 a we,a7,c7*ew repeat$ & us$ only :5 two or m birds are toge!r2 & a mell[ c,ah-c,ah-c,ah-c,ah1 repeat$1 d\btless a song4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ,alaska2 r>e on ! ,pacific coa/2 app>5tly hybridiz+ ) ,no4 #dac at ! we/]n bord] ( its range4 ,illu/ration3 #dac4 #dac4 ,r$-%aft$ ,flick] 7,colaptes caf] coll>is74 ,l4 #ac4 ,no r$ nape b&2 cr[n br[ni%2 ?roat blui% gray2 l9+ ( w+s & tail r$di%4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,pat*es at side ( ?roat r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no r$ ?roat pat*es4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #dab4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 except nor?we/ coa/ region2 ea/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 region2 app>5tly hybridiz+ ) ,no4 #dab at ! ea/]n bord] ( its range4 #dac;a4 ,nor?we/]n ,flick] 7,c4 c4 saturatior74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dac1 b mu* d>k] ?r\gh\t1 back v9\s-br[n4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region2 bre$s f ,oregon nor? to s\!rn ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to nor?we/ ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dad4 #dad4 ,gild$ ,flick] 7,colaptes *rysoides74 ,l4 #ab2 ,w4 #e4g4 ,cr[n c9namon2 "u surface ( w+s & tail yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,no r$ b& on nape2 ?roat blui% gray1 its sides ) a r$ pat*4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no r$ on sides ( ?roat4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #dab4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,c5tral & s\!rn ,arizona f ,lat4 #cd;,a deg4 to s\!rn ,sonora1 & ,l[] ,cali=nia s\? ( ,lat4 #cj;,a deg44 7,a4,o4,u47 #dad;a4 ,br[n ,flick] 7,c4 c4 brunnesc5s74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dad1 b slightly small]2 upp]p>ts d>k]4 7,an?ony74 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia nor? ( ,lat4 #cj;,a deg44 #dae4 ,guadalupe ,flick] 7,colaptes rufipileus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dac1 b bill #a4f or m2 m sl5d]1 w+ av]ag+ less ?an #f4b2 cr[n c9namon-br[n2 rump v9ace\s-:ite4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,ord] ,,xvi4 ,,goatsuck]s1 ,,swifts1 ,,& ,,humm+birds4 ,,macro*ires4 ,family #a4 ,,goatsuck]s4 ,caprimulgid,a4 #f species1 #f subspecies4 ,family #b4 ,,swifts4 ,micropodid,a4 #d species4 ,family #c4 ,,humm+birds4 ,trochilid,a4 #ag species4 ,! ,goatsuck]s are birds ( ! dusk & e>ly morn+4 ,!y live *iefly on insects :i* !y capture on ! w+1 _! enorm\s m\?s be+ especially well adapt$ to ?is k9d ( hunt+4 ,our species build no ne/ b lay _! two mottl$ eggs on ! b>e gr\nd or leaves4 ,! "y are hat*$ cov]$ ) d[n & c foll[ _! p>5ts ab\t long be=e !y acquire ! p[] ( flight4 ,goatsuck]s are not$ = _! s+ul> calls1 mo/ ( ! species utt]+ l\d1 *>act]i/ic notes :i*1 he>d at night1 are especially effective4 ,swifts are birds ( _w-wide di/ribution2 ab\t half ! sev5ty-five kn[n species be+ f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y are pre-em95tly birds ( ! air ) w+s s well develop$ t few birds c surpass !m 9 p[] ( flight1 b ) feet s weak & small t _m species _c p]* z d mo/ birds1 b1 :5 re/+1 cl+ to a v]tical surface & use _! tail to aid _! feet 9 support+ !mselves4 ,_! ne/s are (t5 m>vels ( ar*itectural skill & con/ructive ability4 ,! eggs1 f\r to six 9 numb]1 are :ite4 ,humm+birds are f\nd only 9 ,am]ica :]e !y range f ,patagonia to ,alaska1 b ! l>g] "p ( ! "s five hundr$ kn[n species are f\nd 9 ! ,&ean region ( ,columbia & ,ecuador4 ,only "o species is f\nd ea/ ( ! ,mississippi1 & n9e ( our sixte5 we/]n species advance b little beyond our ,mexican bord]4 ,humm+birds ne/s are ! mo/ exquisite ( birds' homes4 ,_! eggs1 s f> z is kn[n1 numb] two1 & are pure :ite4 ,! "y are born nak$ &1 9 ! case ( our ,ruby-?roat1 at lea/1 sp5d ab\t ?ree weeks 9 ! ne/4 ,! notes ( "s tropical ,humm+birds are suffici5tly v>i$ to be class$ z songs b our species utt] only %>p squeaks & excit$ *ipp]+s4 ,goatsuck]s ,illu/ration3 #daf4 #daf4 ,*uck-w's-wid[ 7,antro/omus c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #ab4 ,m\? bri/les ) f9e1 hair-l bran*es ne> _! base4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,end half ( out] tail-fea!rs :ite1 ru/y1 & black on out] webs2 *9 *iefly ru/y2 ?roat-pat* buffy4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no :ite 9 tail4 ,notes4 ,a l\dly :i/l$ *uck-w's-wid[1 repeat$ _m times4 ,range4--,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to ,virg9ia & ,ill9ois2 we/ to ,kansas & c5tral ,texas2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #dag4 #dag4 ,:ip-poor-w 7,antro/omus vocif]us74 ,l4 #i4g4 ,m\? bri/les )\t bran*es4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?ree out] tail-fea!rs broadly tipp$ ) :ite2 :ite on inn] vane ( out] fea!r #a4d or m wide2 ?roat pat* :ite2 *9 *iefly black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?ree out] tail-fea!rs n>r[ly tipp$ ) ru/y buff2 ?roat pat* ru/y buff4 ,notes4 ,a rapid1 vigor\s1 :i/l$ :ip-poor-w1 repeat$ _m times4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 #dag;a4 ,/eph5s ,:ip-poor-w 7,a4 v4 macromy/ax74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dag1 b slightly l>g]1 ,w4 #f4e2 m\? bri/les mu* long]2 male ) ?roat-pat* ru/y2 :ite on inn] web ( out] fea!r less ?an #a4c wide4 ,range4--,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 & s\?we/]n ,texas1 s\? ov] m\nta9s bord]+ tablel&s ( ,mexico to ,guatemala4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #dah4 #dah4 ,poor-w 7,phal,anoptilus nuttallii74 ,l4 #g4g4 ,prim>ies ru/y b>r$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?ree out] tail-fea!rs ev5ly tipp$ ) :ite2 a l>ge :ite ?roat pat*2 plumage above sugge/+ 9 color ! w+s ( c]ta9 mo?s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b tail-tips buffy4 ,notes4 ,v>i\sly r5d]$ poor-w1 c[-day1 pe>l-rob-x1 puir-:ee-er4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,kansas1 ,nebraska1 & ,dakota we/ to ea/]n slope ( ,si]ra ,nevadas3 nor? to ,montana & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,mexican bord] s\?w>d4 #dah;a4 ,fro/$ ,poor-w 7,p4 n4 nitidus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dah1 b pal]1 ! upp]p>ts especially :it]1 m fro/y4 ,range4--,texas to ,arizona & f we/]n ,kansas s\? to nor!rn ,mexico4 7,bailey47 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #dah;b4 ,cali=nia ,poor-w 7,p4 n4 cali=nicus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dah1 b d>k]4 ,range4--,bre$s on coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,butte ,c\nty2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #dai4 #dai4 ,m]rill ,p>auque 7,nyctidromus albicollis m]rilli74 ,l4 #ab2 ,t4 #f4b4 ,out] tail-fea!r )\t :ite4 ,two color phases1 "o gray1 "o ru/y4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,out] tail-fea!r black ) sometimes a little ru/y1 next fea!r :ite on inn] web1 ?ird fea!r :ite except at base4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,out] tail-fea!rs br[ni% ) brok5 ru/y b>s2 next two ) :ite at tip4 ,notes4 ,a vigor\s k]-:ee-y repeat$ & sometimes runn+ into a :it-:it-:it1 k]-:ee-y4 ,range4--,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,texas2 w9t]s *iefly s\? ( ,rio ,gr&e4 ,illu/ration3 #dbj4 #dbj4 ,nigh?awk 7,*ordeiles virg9ianus74 ,l4 #aj2 ,w4 #g4h4 ,prim>ies blacki% ) a :ite b> & no ru/y spots2 d>ke/ ( our ,nigh?awks4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above black ) :ite & buff m>k+s2 ?roat & b& ne> end ( tail :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat ru/y1 no :ite b& 9 tail4 ,notes4 ,a nasal pe5t2 & 9 ! bre$+ season1 a boom+ s\nd produc$ by div+ f a height e>?w>d4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 *iefly1 bre$s f ,florida to ,labrador1 we/ & nor?we/ to nor!rn ,cali=nia1 ,briti% ,columbia1 & ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 #dbj;a4 ,we/]n ,nigh?awk 7,c4 v4 h5ryi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dbj1 b m>k+s above ru/y & m num]\s2 belly wa%$ ) ru/y4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ! ,pla9s1 w9t]+ s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 exact di/ribution unkn[n4 #dbj;b4 ,florida ,nigh?awk 7,c4 v4 *apmani74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dbj1 b small] 7,l4 #h4f2 ,w4 #g4a27 & pal]2 :ite & buff m>k+s above l>g] & m num]\s4 ,range4--,florida1 we/ along ,gulf ,coa/ to ea/]n ,texas2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,s\? ,am]ica4 #dbj;c4 ,s5nett ,nigh?awk 7,c4 v4 s5netti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dbj;b1 b /ill pal]1 :ite & buff prevail+ on back & scapul>s2 pale/ ( our ,nigh?awks4 ,range4--,great ,pla9s nor? to ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s s\? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dba4 #dba4 ,texan ,nigh?awk 7,*ordeiles acutip5nis tex5sis74 ,w+ quills ) ru/y spots2 out] prim>y %ort] ?an "o next to x2 belly conspicu\sly wa%$ ) ru/y buff4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat-pat* & b& ne> end ( tail :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no :ite b& 9 tail4 ,notes4 ,a mew+ call & a tapp+ accompani$ by a humm+ s\nd4 7,m]rill47 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica2 bre$+ nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 s\!rn ,new ,mexico1 s\!rn ,utah1 s\!rn ,nevada1 & ,lat4 #ch;,a deg4 9 ,cali=nia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,swifts ,illu/ration3 #dbb4 #dbb4 ,black ,swift 7,cypseloides nig] borealis74 ,l4 #g2 ,w4 #f4e4 ,tail )\t sp9es1 slightly =k$4 ,ads4 ,sooty black1 pal] bel[2 a black spot be=e ! eye2 =ehead :iti%4 ,notes4 ,g5]ally sil5t4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,bre$s f ,c5tral ,am]ica nor?1 9 m\nta9s ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 to ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ,colorado2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 m common 9 ,pacific coa/ /ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dbc4 #dbc4 ,*imney ,swift 7,ch,atura pelagica74 ,l4 #e4d2 ,w4 #d4i4 ,tail ) protrud+ sp9es4 ,ads4 ,above sooty1 rump & und]p>ts pal]2 ?roat :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a roll+ twitt]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,florida to ,labrador & ,manitoba2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dbd4 #dbd4 ,vaux ,swift 7,ch,atura vauxii74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,w4 #d4d4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dbc1 b small] & some:at br[n]4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #dbc1 b are less frequ5tly utt]$4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s on ,pacific coa/1 locally1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ casually to ,montana & ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dbe4 #dbe4 ,:ite-?roat$ ,swift 7,,aaronautes melanoleucus74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,tail =k$1 )\t sp9es4 ,ads4 ,above sooty br[ni% black2 brea/1 middle ( belly & flank pat*es :ite4 ,notes4 ,a %>p1 metallic twitt]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 ea/ to we/]n ,nebraska & ,black ,hills2 bre$s 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9s nor? to ,montana2 on ,pacific coa/ nor? to ,lat4 #ch;,a deg42 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,humm+birds ,illu/ration3 #dbf4 #dbf4 ,rivoli ,humm+bird 7,eug5es fulg5s74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,a small :ite spot beh9d eye4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n purple1 ?roat bright gre51 back bronzy gre52 tail some:at m bronzy4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above bronzy gre51 all b c5tral tail-fea!rs ) blacki% ends & n>r[ grayi% tips2 bel[ grayi%1 all b ?roat fea!rs gre5 c5trally4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,?roat ) m or less gre51 belly & above m bronzy ?an 9 ,female4 ,range4--,nic>agua1 nor? 9 m\nta9s to m\nta9s ( s\!a/]n ,arizona1 & s\?we/ ,new ,mexico2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dbi4 #dbi4 ,black-*9n$ ,humm+bird 7,tro*ilus alex&ri74 ,l4 #c4e2 ,w4 #a4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*9 & upp] ?roat black1 l[] ?roat ame?y/2 tail =k$1 fea!rs po9t$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat grayi% :ite2 *9 buffy2 tail fea!rs m r\nd$1 ?ree out] ones tipp$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> ,female1 b ?roat ) dusky spots4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,san ,antonio1 ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & ,cali=nia nor? to ,montana & ,briti% ,columbia2 r>e on ,pacific coa/ nor? ( s\!rn ,cali=nia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dcj4 #dcj4 ,co/a ,humm+bird 7,calypte cost,a74 ,l4 #c4a4 ,no ru/y 9 plumage4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n1 ?roat & l5g!n$ neck-fea!rs ame?y/1 back dull gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ grayi% :ite2 above grayi% gre52 out] tail-fea!rs gray at base1 !n black & at tip :ite4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,female1 b ?roat usually ) "s ame?y/ spots2 tip ( out] tail-fea!r grayi%4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico2 bre$s nor? ?r\gh\t ,l[] ,cali=nia1 to s\!rn ,cali=nia1 nor!rn ,nevada1 s\?we/]n ,utah1 & s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico2 w9t]s f ,mexican bord] s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #dcg4 #dcg4 ,lucif] ,humm+bird 7,calo?orax lucif]74 ,l4 #c4f2 ,b4 4#h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat purpli% p9k1 fea!rs at its side mu* l5g!n$2 tail fea!rs v n>r[1 ! out] ones less ?an 4#je 94 wide on end half4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ ne>ly uni=m ru/y buff1 above bronzy gre52 tail-fea!rs :ite-tipp$4 ,range4--,f we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,arizona s\? to ! city ( ,mexico & ,puebla4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #ddj4 #ddj4 ,xantus ,humm+bird 7,basil9na xantusi74 ,l4 #c4f4 ,a :ite /reak beh9d eye4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*91 =ehead & *eeks black2 ?roat gre52 tail ru/y br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ uni=m ru/y1 above gre52 out] tail-fea!rs ru/y br[n4 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,lat4 #bi;,a deg42 mo/ common 9 ,cape ,region4 ,illu/ration3 #dbg4 #dbg4 ,blue-?roat$ ,humm+bird 7,,calig5a clemenci,a74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,a :ite /ripe beh9d1 & a small] "o be=e eye4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat blue2 belly grayi%2 back gre52 tail blue-black1 out] fea!rs broadly :ite tipp$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b ?roat dusky gray4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,mexico nor?4 ,9 m\nta9s to m\nta9s ( s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico & s\!rn ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dch4 #dch4 ,reiff] ,humm+bird 7,amazilis tzacatl74 ,l4 #d4a4 ,ads4 ,above1 ?roat & brea/ %9+ gre52 belly grayi%2 tail squ>e1 ru/y br[n1 n>r[ly m>g9$ ) copp]y4 ,yng4 ,simil> b m ru/y above4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 nor?1 r>ely1 to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #dci4 #dci4 ,buff-belli$ ,humm+bird 7,amazilis c]v9iv5tris *alconota74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dch1 b belly ru/y gray1 tail =k$ & broadly m>g9$ ) copp]y gre54 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica1 nor?1 9 spr+1 to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #ddj4a #ddj4a4 ,:ite-e>$ ,humm+bird 7,basil9na leucotis74 ,l4 #c4g4 ,a :ite l9e beh9d eye4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*91 =ehead & *eeks blue1 ?roat & brea/ gre51 tail blacki% bronzy gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n ru/y1 back bronzy gre51 bel[ gray spott$ ) gre52 out] tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) gray4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil>4 ,range4--,nic>agua nor?1 9 spr+1 ?r\gh m\nta9s to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #dda4 #dda4 ,broad-bill$ ,humm+bird 7,ia*e latiro/ris74 ,l4 #d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above gre52 bel[ d>k]2 ?roat purpli% blue2 tail d>k]4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ gray2 out] tail-fea!rs gre5 at base1 !n blui% black tipp$ ) gray4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,female1 b tail blue black ) fa9t gray tips2 ?roat ) metallic gre5 fea!rs4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,mexico2 bre$s nor? ?r\gh m\nta9s to s\!rn ,arizona & s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dbh4 #dbh4 ,ruby-?roat$ ,humm+bird 7,tro*ilus colubris74 ,l4 #c4e2 ,w4 #a4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat ruby1 *9 blacki%2 tail =k$1 ! fea!rs po9t$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat grayi%1 tail-fea!rs r\nd$1 ?ree out] ones tipp$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female b ?roat ) dusky spots4 7,see next page7 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg42 bre$s f ,florida & ea/]n ,mexico1 nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dca4 #dca4 ,anna ,humm+bird 7,calypte ann,a74 ,l4 #c4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & ?roat glitt]+ purpli% p9k2 fea!rs at sides ( ?roat mu* l5g!n$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above gre52 bel[ grayi% wa%$ ) gre52 ?roat usually ) p9k fea!rs2 tail ) a n>r[ :ite tip4 ,yng4 ,simil> b br[n] above4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to nor!rn ,cali=nia2 ea/ to s\!rn ,arizona2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,mexico2 record$ f ,guadalupe ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #dcb4 #dcb4 ,broad-tail$ ,humm+bird 7,selasphorus platyc]cus74 ,l4 #d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,out] prim>y v n>r[1 end %>p2 cr[n gre51 ?roat p9k2 tail gre5 above1 purpli% bel[ )\t :ite tips4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,out] tail-fea!rs ru/y at base1 !n black ) a broad :ite tip2 middle fea!rs entirely gre52 above bronzy gre52 ?roat fea!rs ) dusky c5t]s2 sides ru/y4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s3 we/1 r>ely to ea/]n ,cali=nia2 nor? to s\!rn ,wyom+ & ,idaho2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dcc4 #dcc4 ,ruf\s ,humm+bird 7,selasphorus rufus71 ,l4 #c4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,next to middle pair ( tail-fea!rs not*$ ne> tip ( inn] web2 back r$di% br[n sometimes wa%$ ) gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,sides ru/y1 back gre51 ?roat spott$ ) gre5 & sometimes ruby1 out] tail-fea!rs ru/y at base1 !n black & a :ite tip1 ! fea!r m ?an 4#ab wide2 middle tail-fea!rs gre5 at base1 end black4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,female b all tail-fea!rs ru/y at base4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ! high] m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,arizona1 nor? to ,lat4 #fa;,a deg4 9 ,alaska2 dur+ migrations ea/ to ,montana1 ,wyom+1 ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico1 & we/]n ,texas2 w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dcd4 #dcd4 ,all5 ,humm+bird 7,selasphorus all5i74 ,l4 #c4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & back gre51 & tail ru/y tipp$ ) dusky1 no not* 9 tail-fea!rs2 9 o!r respects l ,no4 #dcc4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ! same ( ,no4 #dcc1 b out] tail-fea!r less ?an 4#ab 94 wide4 ,range4--,pacific coa/1 f ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 migrates s\? ?r\gh ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia to ,mexico4 #dce4 ,morcom ,humm+bird 7,at?is morcomi74 ,l4 #b4i4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above bronzy gre52 middle tail-fea!rs bronzy gre5 t+$ ) ru/y on basal half2 re/ ( tail-fea!rs ru/y br[n1 !n gre51 !n black & tipp$ ) :ite2 bel[ :ite1 sides ru/y1 ?roat spott$ ) bronze-gre54 7,ridgw47 ,male unkn[n4 ,range4--,hua*uca ,m\nta9s1 s\!rn ,arizona1 7kn[n f "o specim547 ,illu/ration3 #dcf4 #dcf4 ,calliope ,humm+bird 7,/ellula calliope74 ,l4 #c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat purpli% p9k1 :ite at base %[+ ?r\gh2 above gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,sides ru/y1 ?roat ) gre5 spots1 above gre51 out] tail-fea!rs gray at base1 !n black1 !n :ite 9 ne>ly equal am\nts4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,female4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to ,montana1 ,idaho1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 we/ to ea/]n ,oregon & ea/]n ,cali=nia2 w9t]s1 s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 r>e on ,pacific coa/ ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ord] ,,xvii4 ,,p]*+ ,,birds4 ,,pass]es4 ,family #a4 ,,flycat*]s4 ,tyrannid,a4 #cb species1 #g subspecies4 ,family #b4 ,,l>ks4 ,alaudid,a4 #a species1 #ac subspecies4 ,family #c4 ,,cr[s ,,& ,,jays4 ,corvid,a4 #ba species1 #ad subspecies4 ,family #d4 ,,blackbirds1 ,,orioles1 ,,etc4 ,icterid,a4 #ah species1 #ad subspecies4 ,family #e4 ,,f9*es1 ,,sp>r[s1 ,,etc4 ,fringillid,a4 #hg species1 #ib subspecies4 ,family #f4 ,,tanag]s4 ,tanagrid,a4 #d species1 #a subspecies4 ,family #g4 ,,swall[s4 ,hirundinid,a4 #i species1 #b subspecies4 ,family #h4 ,,waxw+s4 ,ampelid,a4 #c species4 ,family #i4 ,,%rikes4 ,laniid,a4 #b species1 #c subspecies4 ,family #aj4 ,,vireos4 ,vireonid,a4 #ac species1 #aj subspecies4 ,family #aa4 ,,w>bl]s4 ,mniotiltid,a4 #ee species1 #ah subspecies4 ,family #ab4 ,,wagtails4 ,motacillid,a4 #c species4 ,family #ac4 ,,dipp]s4 ,cinclid,a4 #a species4 ,family #ad4 ,,wr5s1 ,,?ra%]s1 ,,etc4 ,troglodytid,a4 #bf species1 #bd subspecies4 ,family #ae4 ,,creep]s4 ,certhiid,a4 #a species1 #d subspecies4 ,family #af4 ,,nu?at*es ,,& ,,tits4 ,parid,a4 #ba species1 #bj subspecies4 ,family #ag4 ,,k+lets1 ,,gnatcat*]s1 ,,etc4 ,sylviid,a4 #g species1 #c subspecies4 ,family #ah4 ,,?ru%es1 ,,bluebirds1 ,,etc4 ,turdid,a4 #ac species1 #ad subspecies4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican memb]s ( ! ,ord] ,,pass]es are plac$ 9 two ,subord]s1 ! ,clamatores1 or s-call$ ,songless ,p]*+ ,birds1 :i* includes all ! ,flycat*]s1 & ! ,subord] ,osc9es1 or ,s++ ,p]*+ ,birds1 :i* includes all our rema9+ ,p]*+ ,birds4 ,:ile ! ,flycat*]s are !re=e te*nically class$ z songless birds1 x does n foll[ t !y h no songs4 ,s+ !y d1 b because ( ! less develop$ condition ( _! voice-produc+ organ1 !y _c give utt]ance to ! long] & m musical songs ( ! ,osc9es1 :i* are suppli$ ) a bett] musical in/rum5t4 ,! ,flycat*]s1 7,family ,tyrannid,a7 numb] some:at ov] ?ree hundr$ & fifty species1 & are f\nd only 9 ,am]ica1 :]e !y are mo/ abundant 9 ! tropics4 ,fe$+ almo/ exclusively on insects1 ^? species :i* visit ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ( necessity migratory1 n m ?an half a doz5 ( ! ?irty species :i* ne/ ) u1 rema9+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! w9t]1 & ^! are f\nd only on our s\!rn bord]s4 ,flycat*]s z a rule1 capture _! prey on ! w+4 ,:5 p]*+1 _! pose is usually erect & hawk-l4 ,!y (t5 raise _! cr[n fea!rs1 :i* 9 _m species are some:at l5g!n$1 a habit giv+ !m a c]ta9 big-head$ appe>ance4 ,flycat*]s are mo/ useful birds4 ,! food ( ! ,k+bird1 = example1 a species :i* is errone\sly believ$ to de/roy honey bees1 has be5 f\nd to consi/ ( #ij p] c5t4 insects1 mo/ly injuri\s species1 :ile only f\rte5 out ( two hundr$ & eighty-"o /oma*s conta9$ ! rema9s ( honey bees2 =ty ( ! fifty bees f\nd be+ drones4 ,! true ,l>ks1 7,family ,alaudid,a7 are *iefly ,old ,_w birds1 ! ,skyl>k be+ ! be/ kn[n memb] ( ! ,family4 ,9 ,am]ica we h only ! ,horn$ or ,%ore ,l>ks1 "o species ( :i* %[s s mu* climatic v>iation 9 color ?r\gh\t its wide range1 t no less ?an ?irte5 subspecies or geographical races ( x are recogniz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,horn$ ,l>k is a bird ( ! pla9s & prairies & is less common 9 ! ,atlantic ,/ates ?an we/w>d4 ,l ! ,skyl>k x s+s 9 ! air1 b its vocal p[]s are limit$ & n to be comp>$ ) ^? ( its fam\s relative4 ,! ,cr[s & ,jays1 7,family ,corvid,a7 numb] ab\t two hundr$ species ( :i* "s tw5ty-five inhabit ! we/]n hemisph]e4 ,to ?is family belong ! ,rav51 ,rook1 ,magpie & ,jackdaw1 all birds ( m>k$ intellig5ce2 & our ,cr[s & ,jays are fully wor?y ( be+ class$ ) ^! widely kn[n & di/+ui%$ memb]s ( _! family4 ,! ,cr[s & ,jays1 by v>y+ _! food ) ! season1 are r>ely at loss = supplies ( "o k9d or ano!r & mo/ species are repres5t$ ?r\gh\t _! ranges at all times ( ! ye>4 ,9 ! m nor!rn p>ts ( _! homes1 h[ev]1 "s ( ^! birds are migratory1 & ,cr[s1 z is well kn[n1 ga!r 9 great flocks dur+ ! w9t]1 return+ ea* night to a roo/ frequ5t$1 9 "s in/ances1 by two or ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ,cr[s4 ,:ile ! ,cr[s & ,jays are te*nically ',song ,birds' _! voices are f> f musical4 ,nev]!less !y possess mu* range ( expression & sev]al species le>n to enunciate words ) m or less ease4 ,! ,/>l+s1 7,family ,sturnid,a7 are ,old ,_w birds repres5t$ 9 ,am]ica only by ! ,european ,/>l+ :i* 0 introduc$ into ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york ,city1 9 #ahij & is n[ common 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,! ,blackbirds1 ,orioles1 & ,mead[l>ks1 7,family ,icterid,a7 numb] ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty species & are f\nd only 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,! ,blackbirds are mo/ num]\s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 :]e1 migrat+ 9 va/ armies & (t5 liv+ 9 l>ge colonies1 !y become among ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & conspicu\s ( our birds4 ,! ,orioles are mo/ num]\s 9 ! tropics1 :]e "s ?irty species are kn[n4 ,app>5tly all ( !m are rem>kable z ne/ build]s1 ! l>ge ,cassiques1 ne>ly relat$1 great yell[ & black birds1 weav+ p\*es ?ree & f\r feet long1 sev]al doz5 ( :i*1 all occupi$1 may be se5 sw++ f ! bran*es ( a s+le tree4 ,! ,f9*es1 ,sp>r[s1 ,grosbeaks1 etc41 7,family ,fringillid,a7 numb] ne>ly six hundr$ species1 a great] numb] ?an is conta9$ 9 any o!r family ( birds4 ,!y are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 except 9 ! ,au/ralian region1 "s n9ety odd species inhabit+ ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,v>y+ widely 9 color1 ! ,fringillid,a all agree 9 possess+ /\t1 conical bills1 :i* are ( s]vice to !m 9 cru%+ ! se$s on :i* !y fe$ s l>gely4 ,! /reak$1 br[ni% ,sp>r[s1 (t5 s difficult ( id5tification1 are usually inhabitants ( pla9s1 fields1 or m>%es1 :]e !y are r5d]$ inconspicu\s by _! dull colors4 ,! m gayly attir$ ,grosbeaks1 ,bunt+s1 ,c>d9als etc41 frequ5t trees or bu%y gr[?s1 :]e _! plumage ei!r h>monizes ) _! surr\nd+s or :]e !y h ! protection af=d$ by ! vegetation4 ,mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ?is family are good s+]s1 "s ( !m inde$ be+ not$ = _! p[]s ( song4 ,!y are less migratory ?an insect-eat+ birds & "s species are ) u at all seasons4 ,_! abundance1 musical gifts1 & con/ant pres5ce r5d] !m1 f ! field /ud5t's po9t ( view1 highly important memb]s ( ! great class ,aves4 ,f an economic /&po9t ! ,fringillid,a are no less des]v+ ( our e/eem4 ,"s species are ( incalculable value z de/roy]s ( ! se$s ( noxi\s we$s4 ,fifte5 hundr$ se$s h be5 f\nd 9 ! /oma* ( "o ,sn[flake or ,sn[bunt+1 & x has be5 e/imat$ by ,pr(essor ,beal1 ( ! ,biological ,survey ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 t dur+ ! w9t] season1 9 ! s+le ,/ate ( ,i[a1 :]e 8 /udies 7 made1 ,tree ,sp>r[s dev\r no less ?an #hge tons ( we$ se$s1 *iefly ( ! ragwe$4 ,! ,tanag]s1 7,family ,tanagrid,a7 are f\nd only 9 ! ,new ,_w1 :]e !y are mo/ num]\sly repres5t$ 9 ! tropics4 ,z a family !y are rem>kable = ! brilliancy ( _! colors2 ! common1 b mi/ak5 idea t mo/ tropical birds are brightly clad be+ 9 no small "p due to ! abundance ( ,tanag]s & beauty ( _! plumage4 ,only five ( ! "s ?ree hundr$ & fifty kn[n species rea* ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ^! are migratory1 com+ to u 9 ! spr+ & return+ to ! tropics 9 ! fall4 ,tanag]s1 z a rule1 are n possess$ ( mu* vocal ability1 our species rank+ high 9 _! family z song/]s1 ! notes ( _m species be+ f> less musical4 ,l mo/ gaily co/um$ birds ! plumages ( _m ,tanag]s und]go /rik+ *anges 9 color ) age & season4 ,! male ( our ,sc>let ,tanag]1 = example1 is olive-gre5 ) black w+-cov]ts dur+ 8 fir/ w9t]1 ! sc>let plumage n be+ acquir$ until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,x is worn1 h[ev]1 only dur+ ! ne/+ season aft] :i* ! less conspicu\s olive-gre5 dress is aga9 acquir$1 ! w+s & tail1 h[ev]1 rema9+ black4 ,swall[s1 7,family ,hirundinid,a7 are ( _w-wide di/ribution1 & z might be expect$ 9 birds possess+ su* rem>kable p[]s ( flight1 _m ( ! species h unusually ext5d$ ranges4 ,our ,b>n ,swall[1 = example1 is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica 9 summ]1 & 9 ! w9t] x migrates z f> s\? z s\!rn ,brazil4 ,birds ( ! air1 ! a,arial habits ( ,swall[s are reflect$ 9 _! long w+s & small1 weak feet2 :ile _! small bills & broad1 widely op5+ m\?s indicate _! mann] ( fe$+4 ,9 spite ( _! poor equipm5t ( tools1 ,swall[s take high rank z ne/ build]s1 & x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t al?\gh ! birds are /ructurally mu* alike1 _! ne/s (t5 diff] widely 9 "*4 ,comp>e = in/ance1 ! mud-made dwell+s ( ! ,b>n & ,cliff ,swall[s ) ! tunnel$ hole ( ! ,bank ,swall[ & "o realizes h[ little ! "* ( a bird's home may dep5d on ! /ructure ( x's build]4 ,! food ( ,swall[s1 rem>ks ,pr(essor ,beal1 consi/s ( _m small species ( beetles :i* are mu* on ! w+1 _m species ( dipt]a 7mosquitoes & _! allies71 ) l>ge quantities ( fly+ ants & a few insects ( simil> k9ds4 ,mo/ ( !m are ei!r injuri\s or annoy+1 & ! numb]s de/roy$ by ,swall[s are n only beyond calculation1 b almo/ beyond imag9ation4 ,! true ,waxw+s1 7,family ,ampelid,a7 numb] only ?ree species ) repres5tatives 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( bo? hemisph]es4 ,_! notes1 z a rule are limit$ to a few unmusical calls1 :i*1 ) our ,c$> ,waxw+1 are usually utt]$ :5 ! bird is ab\t to fly4 ,waxw+s are f\nd 9 small flocks dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye> & roam ab\t ! c\ntry z ?\gh !y 7 q z mu* at home 9 "o place z 9 ano!r1 provid$ food be pl5ty4 ,small fruits1 *iefly wild ones1 con/itute _! usual f>e1 b !y also fe$ on insects1 ! injuri\s elm beetle be+ among _! victims4 ,! ,%rikes1 7,family ,laniid,a7 are repres5t$ 9 ,am]ica by only two species1 ! rema9+ two hundr$ or m memb]s ( ?is family be+ f\nd 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,%rikes are not$ = _! s+ul> habit ( impal+ _! prey on ?orns or simil>ly %>p-po9t$ gr[?s1 or occasionally !y may hang x 9 ! crot* ( a limb4 ,?is proce$+ enables !m to te> x to pieces m readily1 = x w be obs]v$ t :ile ,%rikes h a hawk-l bill1 _! feet are comp>atively weak & sp>r[-l & evid5tly ( no assi/ance to !m 9 dissect+ _! food4 ,our ,nor!rn ,%rike1 or ,but*]bird1 fe$s *iefly on small birds & mice1 :ile ! s\!rn species1 or ,logg]head1 is a great de/roy] ( gras%opp]s & he also eats liz>ds & small snakes4 ,! ,vireos1 7,family ,vireonid,a7 numb] fifty species1 all ,am]ican4 ,!y se>* ! foliage c>efully = leaf-eat+ insects & _! eggs1 & exam9e ! crevices 9 ! b>k = eggs ( ! injuri\s wood-bor+ insects4 ,!y are !re=e unusually b5eficial birds4 ,be>+ a g5]al resemblance 9 size & color to _m ( ! ,w>bl]s1 ,vireos are sometimes confus$ ) memb]s ( t family4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 z a rule1 m delib]ate 9 _! motions & n su* active flutt]]s z are _m ( ! ,w>bl]s4 ,!y are also m musical1 all ! ,vireos hav+ *>act]i/ic songs1 :i* if n always highly musical1 are g5]ally noticeable1 pron\nc$ & unmi/akable4 ,! ne/s ( all our ,vireos are p5dant1 deeply cup-%ap$ /ructures usually hung betwe5 ! =ks ( a crot*1 to ! arms ( :i* !y are mo/ skilfully wov54 ,! ,w>bl]s1 7,family ,mniotiltid,a7 l ! ,vireos are di/9ctly ,am]ican birds1 inde$ !y may be call$ *>act]i/ic ,nor? ,am]ican birds s9ce mo/ ( ! "o hundr$ odd species are f\nd nor? ( ,mexico4 ,betwe5 ?irty & =ty species ( ^! active1 beautiful little creatures may be f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> at a s+le locality 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates & !y !re=e con/itute an exce$+ly important elem5t 9 our bird-life4 ,mo/ ( !m come 9 ,may at ! height ( ! spr+ migration2 :5 ! woods (t5 sw>m ) !m z !y flit f limb to limb 9 pursuit ( _! insect food4 ,! l>g] numb] ( !m pass onw>d to _! nor!rn homes & 9 ,septemb] !y return to u 9 increas$ numb]s4 ,! beauty ( _! plumage1 ! briefness b regul>ity ( _! visits1 ! r>ity ( c]ta9 species1 comb9e to make ! ,w>bl]s especially attractive to ! field /ud5t & _! *>ms are height5$ by ! difficulty ) :i* _m ( !m are id5tifi$4 ,/udy !m z we may !re are /ill species :i* h escap$ u4 ,by f> ! l>g] numb] ( ,w>bl]s may be describ$ z flutt]]s t fe$ agilely ab\t ! t]m9al bran*es1 7g5]a ,d5droica & ,helm9?ophila72 o!rs are true flycat*]s1 s f> z fe$+ habit is conc]n$1 7g5]a ,setophaga & ,wilsonia17 :ile o!rs /ill fe$ 9 ! und]gr[? or on ! gr\nd1 7g5]a ,geo?lypis & ,seiurus74 ,insects con/itute almo/ _! entire f>e & !y are among our mo/ b5eficial birds4 ,mo/ ( ! ,wagtails 7,family ,motacillid,a71 are inhabitants ( ! ,old ,_w1 only ?ree ( ! sixty odd species be+ f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,our ,pipit or ,titl>k is our be/ kn[n1 mo/ widely di/ribut$ species4 ,l o!r memb]s ( its family x has ! habit ( wagg+ or tipp+ its tail bo? :5 walk+ 7= x %\ld be not$ t ^! birds are gr\nd-inhabit+ & walk]s7 & at re/4 ,! ,dipp]s 7,family ,cinclid,a7 ?\gh numb]+ only twelve species are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! l>g] "p ( ! _w f ! ,&es ( ,s\? ,am]ica to ! m\nta9s ( ,alaska1 ,europe1 ,asia & ,africa4 ,ev]y:]e !y are haunt]s ( /reams1 usually da%+ m\nta9 torr5ts1 ov] & "u :i* !y seem equally at home4 ,d>t+ into ! ru%+ wat]s !y fly b5ea? ! surface or fe$ on ! bottom ) p]fect ease1 _! ?ick1 d5se plumage evid5tly =m+ a wat]-pro( cov]+4 ,_! ne/s are great balls ( moss (t5 plac$ s ne> "s boil+ cascade z to receive frequ5t %[]s ( spray4 ,! op5+1 h[ev]1 is at ! side1 & ! eggs & "y are well protect$ by an effective ro(4 ,! ,wr5s1 ,?ra%]s1 & ,mock+birds1 7,family ,troglodytid,a7 =m two well def9$ subfamilies4 ,! ,wr5s1 7,subfamily ,troglodytin,a7 numb] ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty species all b a doz5 ( :i* are conf9$ to ,am]ica4 ,! ,?ra%]s & ,mock+birds1 7,subfamily ,mimin,a7 numb] "s fifty species1 all ( :i* are conf9$ to ,am]ica4 ,z _! dull1 neutral colors w\ld lead u to suppose1 bo? ,wr5s & ,?ra%]s are inhabitants ( ! l[] gr[? r ?an ( ! tree-tops1 & :ile !y may seek an elevat$ p]* :5ce to deliv] _! song1 _! food is secur$ & _! "t consequ5tly l>gely pass$ ne> or on ! gr\nd4 ,few families ( birds conta9 s _m not$ musicians1 ne>ly e memb] ( ?is family be+ a s+] ( m ?an usual ability4 ,! ,creep]s1 7,family ,certhiid,a7 numb] twelve species1 only "o ( :i* is f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is1 h[ev] has a wide range &1 pres5t+ m or less climatic v>iation 9 color1 is recogniz$ "u sev]al subspecific names4 ,its habits1 nev]!less1 are mu* ! same ev]y:]e4 ,x climbs ! trees ( ! m\nta9s ( ,mexico or ( ,cali=nia ) ! same ceaseless en]gy x %[s 9 ,ma9e4 ,! %>ply-po9t$1 /iff5$ tail-fea!rs ( ! ,creep] are ( evid5t use to x z x asc5ds trees & pauses "h & !re to pick out an insect's egg f ! b>k4 ,! same type ( tail fea!r is %[n by ,woodpeck]s1 an excell5t illu/ration ( simil> /ructure accompany+ simil> habits 9 birds n at all closely relat$4 ,! ,nu?at*es & ,titmice1 7,family ,parid,a71 l ! ,wr5s & ,?ra%]s1 belong 9 two well m>k$ ,subfamilies2 ,! ,nu?at*es1 7,subfamily ,sittin,a7 numb] ab\t tw5ty species1 only f\r ( :i* inhabit ,am]ica2 ! ,titmice1 7,subfamily ,parin,a7 numb] "s sev5ty-five species1 ( :i* ?irte5 are ,am]ican4 ,nu?at*es are tree-creep]s1 b climb+ up or d[n ) equal ease1 _! tail is n employ$ z a prop1 & consequ5tly %[s no special developm5t ( po9t$ or /iff5$ fea!rs4 ,_! toes1 h[ev]1 are long1 & _! nails l>ge & /rong1 evid5tly giv+ !m a firm grip on ! b>k ( trees4 ,! ,*ickadees are g5]ally resid5t birds &1 z a rule1 :atev] species we f9d 9 a giv5 locality are apt to be !re ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,we !re=e become bett] acqua9t$ ) "s ( ^! lairds ?an ) o!rs :i* are ) u only a %ort season4 ,?is is especially true ( our ea/]n ,black-capp$ ,*ickadee1 :i* comes famili>ly ab\t our homes 9 w9t] to p>take ( ! fea/ ( nuts & suet :i* we spread = him at t season4 ,fe$+ l>gely on ! eggs or larv,a ( insects p>ticul>ly injuri\s to trees1 ! ,nu?at*es & ,titmice are ( great value to man4 ,! ,k+lets1 ,gnatcat*]s1 & ,old ,_w ,w>bl]s1 7,family ,sylviid,a7 numb] ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five species1 :i* are divid$ among ! foll[+ well-def9$ subfamilies3 ,! ,k+lets1 7,subfamily ,regulin,a7 sev5 species1 ?ree ( :i* are ,am]ican2 ! ,gnatcat*]s1 7,subfamily ,polioptilin,a7 "s fifte5 species1 all ,am]ican2 ! ,old ,_w ,w>bl]s1 7,subfamily ,sylviin,a7 ab\t "o hundr$ species1 all ,old ,_w except "o :i* inhabits ! ,b]+ ,sea coa/ ( ,alaska4 ,! ,k+lets are small1 olive gre5 birds :i* may be mi/ak5 = ,w>bl]s b1 aside f /ructural diff]5ces n evid5t 9 ! field1 !y may be kn[n by _! small] size1 great] tam5ess1 & habit ( n]v\sly flitt+ _! w+s at frequ5t int]vals4 ,"o ( our species1 ! ,ruby-cr[n1 possesses a rem>kably l\d1 cle>1 & musical song1 a surpris+ p]=mance = s t9y a song/]4 ,k+lets build l>ge ne/s ( moss & fea!rs & lay z _m z t5 eggs4 ,! ,gnatcat*]s are small1 sl5d]1 grayi% birds :i* once well se5 w n be confus$ ) o!r species4 ,! ,gnatcat*]s1 l ! ,k+lets1 are ar*itects ( m ?an usual ability1 build+ a ne/ beautifully cov]$ ) li*5s4 ,! ,?ru%es1 7,family ,turdid,a7 are v>i\sly classifi$ by diff]5t orni?ologi/s1 b "u ! rul+ ( ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union !y are gr\p$ 9 ! same family ) ! ,bluebird1 ,solitaires1 & ,/one*ats4 ,?is family numb]s ab\t ?ree hundr$ species1 ( :i* ab\t "o-half are true ,?ru%es 7,subfamily ,turdin,a74 ,! memb]s ( ?is subfamily are1 z a rule1 f9e s+]s1 _m ( !m be+ among ! be/ kn[n song birds1 & f a musical po9t ( view ! gr\p1 z a :ole1 is usually giv5 ! fir/ place among birds4 ,if1 h[ev]1 all ! fifte5 kn[n species ( ,solitaires s+ z well z ! f\r species x has be5 my privilege to he>1 ,i am assur$ t no "o w\ld dispute _! claim to ! highe/ rank :i* c be aw>d$ s++ birds4 ,9 ! succe$+ pages1 ! five hundr$ & fifty odd species & subspecies includ$ 9 ! prec$+ families ( ! ,ord] ,pass]es are gr\p$ accord+ to "s obvi\s color "* 9 ord] to facilitate _! id5tification 9 life4 ,a satisfactory arrangem5t ( ?is k9d is out ( ! "q4 ,l9es %>ply sep>at+ ! gr\ps propos$ d n exi/ & "s species appe> to fit 9 "o section z well z 9 ano!r4 ,nev]!less1 x is hop$ t 9 mo/ in/ances1 ! sy/em w be f\nd to s]ve ! purpose int5d$4 ,"u its rul+ our ,p]*+ ,birds are gr\p$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,) r$ m>k+s4 #b4 ,) blue m>k+s4 #c4 ,) orange or yell[ m>k+s4 #d4 ,) r$di% br[n or *e/nut m>k+s1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( pat*es or uni=mly color$ areas4 #e4 ,br[ni%1 g5]ally /reak$ birds4 #f4 ,dull1 inconspicu\sly color$ birds1 )\t prom95t m>k+s4 #g4 ,gray1 black1 or black & :ite birds4 ,:ile ! fir/ object ( ! bird /ud5t is to le>n to "n birds ,i w\ld aga9 urge him to acqua9t himself ) at lea/ ! arrangem5t ( ! ,ord]s & ,families ( our birds & _! lead+ /ructural *>act]s4 7see page #b47 ,hav+ id5tifi$ a bird1 its family may always be det]m9$ by ref]r+ to its numb] 9 ! sy/ematic li/ ( birds at ! end ( ! book2 & ! m important *>act]s ( its ,ord] & ,family w be f\nd 9 ! synopsis ( ,ord]s & ,families beg9n+ on page #i4 ,p]*+ ,birds ,m>k$ ,) ,r$ ,illu/ration3 #fjg4 #fjg4 ,l\isiana ,tanag] 7,piranga ludoviciana74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,yell[2 back1 w+s1 & tail black1 head m or less r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive-gre51 head r>ely r$-t+$2 bel[ dusky gre5i% yell[2 w+s & tail br[ni% edg$ ) gre5i%1 two yell[i% :ite w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b head & rump gre5]1 und]p>ts yell[]4 ,notes4 ,call1 clit-tuck2 song1 resembles t ( ,no4 #fjh4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ,arizona to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fjh4 #fjh4 ,sc>let ,tanag] 7,piranga ery?romelas74 ,l4 #g4d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,sc>let2 w+s & tail black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,olive-gre51 yell[] bel[1 w+s & tail blacki% br[n1 no w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b bright]1 w+-cov]ts black4 ,ad4 ,male1 ,w9t]4 ,l ,yng4 ,female1 b w+s & tail black4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip-*urr2 song1 a r =c$ :i/le1 sugge/+ a ,rob9's song1 b less musical1 ,look-up1 way-up1 look-at-me1 tree-top2 repeat$ ) pauses4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s3 bre$s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fji4 #fji4 ,hepatic ,tanag] 7,piranga hepatica74 ,l4 #g4h4 ,bill l>ge4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,v]milion1 back grayi%2 tail dull r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no w+-b>s2 above grayi% olive2 cr[n & tail gre5]2 bel[ dusky yell[4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female4 & v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 x & ad4 ,male4 ,notes4 ,call1 clut-tuck2 song1 l t ( ,no4 #fjh1 b some:at m rob9-l4 ,range4--,f ,guatemala nor? 9 spr+ to ,new ,mexico & ,arizona2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #faj4 #faj4 ,summ] ,tanag] 7,piranga rubra74 ,l4 #g4e2 ,w4 #c4h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,rosy r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 #i4 ,olive-yell[ above1 dusky saffron bel[4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 ,ad4 ,male & ,female4 ,notes4 ,call1 *icky-tucky-tuck2 song1 resembles 9 =m t ( ,no4 #fjh b is m musical & less =c$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,florida & we/]n ,texas nor? to s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,kansas2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #faj;a4 ,coop] ,tanag] 7,p4 r4 coop]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #faj1 b l>g]2 ,w4 #d2 bill m swoll51 colors pal]4 ,range4--,bre$s f s\?we/]n ,texas to ! ,colorado ,valley1 ,cali=nia1 & f ,arizona & ,new ,mexico to nor?we/]n ,mexico2 s\? 9 w9t] to we/]n ,mexico2 casually to ,colorado4 ,illu/ration3 #eic4 #eic4 ,c>d9al 7,c>d9alis c>d9alis74 ,l4 #i2 ,w4 #c4g2 ,t4 #d4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead ) a well-def9$ black b&2 fea!rs ( back 7except 9 worn plumage7 tipp$ ) olive-br[n or olive-gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive-br[n2 cre/1 w+s & tail dull r$ edg$ ) olive-br[n2 ?roat & region at base ( bill gray2 brea/ buffy1 sometimes t+$ ) r$2 belly :it]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 insignificant tsip2 song1 a ri*1 sympa!tic :i/le1 :e-e-e-y1 :e-e-e1 hurry-hurry-hurry1 quick-quick-quick1 & o!r notes4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 resid5t f nor!rn ,florida & ea/]n ,texas nor? to s\!rn ,new ,york & ,i[a4 #eic;a4 ,arizona ,c>d9al 7,c4 c4 sup]bus74 ,l>ge/ ( our ,c>d9als1 ,l4 #i4e2 ,w4 #d2 ,t4 #d4i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,pal]1 m rosy1 ?an ,no4 #eic2 m>g9s to back fea!rs usually gray2 black on =ehead usually sep>at$ by base ( culm54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,gray above l ,no4 #eic;c1 b brea/ ri*]1 mu* z 9 ,no4 #eic;d2 gray ( ?roat m re/rict$ & (t5 conf9$ to ! *94 ,range4--,s\!rn ,arizona & nor!rn ,sonora1 ,mexico4 #eic;b4 ,sa9t ,lucas ,c>d9al 7,c4 c4 igneus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eic;a1 b small]2 ,w4 #c4f2 ,t4 #d2 ,male ) ev5 less1 sometimes almo/ no black on =ehead2 ,female pal]2 gray on *9 & ab\t base ( bill less def9$4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #eic;c4 ,gray-tail$ ,c>d9al 7,c4 c4 canicaudus74 ,w4 #c4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,r$ bright z 9 ,no4 #eic;d1 b black on =ehead n>r[]1 usually sep>at$ by base ( culm54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,gray] ?an ,female ( ,no4 #eic1 ! edg+s ( w+s & tail usually gray )\t an olive t+e4 ,range4--,texas1 except we/]n & nor!a/]n p>ts1 & nor!a/]n ,mexico4 #eic;d4 ,florida ,c>d9al 7,c4 c4 floridanus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #eic1 ,w4 #c4d2 ,male av]ag+ deep] r$2 ,female d>k] & ri*] 9 color1 p>ticul>ly on brea/4 ,range4--,s\!rn half ( ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #eid4 #eid4 ,arizona ,pyrrhuloxia 7,pyrrhuloxia s9uata74 ,l4 #i2 ,w4 #c4f2 ,t4 #d4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,gray2 9 fre% plumage wa%$ ) br[ni%2 cre/1 w+s & tail ext]nally dull r$2 "u w+-cov]ts1 c5t] ( brea/ & ( belly1 ?roat1 & region ab\t base ( bill1 rosy r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,usually little or no r$ ab\t bill or on und]p>ts4 ,notes4 ,call1 sev]al flat1 ?9 notes2 song1 a cle>1 /raight :i/le4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico1 nor? to we/]n ,texas1 s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico1 & ,arizona4 #eid;a4 ,texas ,pyrrhuloxia 7,p4 s4 texana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eid1 b bill l>g]2 und]p>ts av]ag+ slightly gray]2 r$ be=e eyes av]ag+ duski]4 #eid;b4 ,sa9t ,lucas ,pyrrhuloxia 7,p4 s4 peninsul,a74 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #eid1 b decid$ly small]1 ) ! bill l>g]2 ,w4 #c4d2 ,t4 #c4g4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #eae4 #eae4 ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p9icola enucleator leucura74 ,l4 #h4e2 ,w4 #d4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,rosy r$ 9 v>y+ am\nts2 belly gray2 w+s1 tail & c5t] ( back fea!rs blacki% br[n2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,gray1 head & rump gre5i%2 brea/ t+$ ) gre5i%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b ) head & rump r$di%4 ,notes4 ,song1 sweet2 9 w9t] /rong & *e]y2 9 spr+ t5d] & pla9tive4 7,*amb]la947 ,range4--,nor!a/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick & nor!rn ,new ,engl& nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\?1 irregul>ly1 to s\!rn ,new ,engl&1 ,ohio1 & ,manitoba1 & casually to ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ,kansas4 #eae;a4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p4 e4 montana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eae;b1 b decid$ly l>g]1 ,w4 #d4h1 & coloration slightly d>k]2 ! adult male ) ! r$ ( a d>k]1 m c>m9e hue4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ,montana & ,idaho to ,new ,mexico4 7,ridgway47 #eae;b4 ,cali=nia ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p4 e4 cali=nica74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eae1 b ,male ) r$ mu* bright]2 fea!rs ( back pla9 a%y gray )\t d>k] c5t]s2 ,female ) little if any gre5i% on rump4 ,range4--,high] p>ts ( ,c5tral ,si]ra ,nevada1 nor? to ,plac] ,c\nty & s\? to ,fresno ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 7,gr9nell47 #eae;c4 ,alaskan ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p4 e4 alasc5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eae1 b decid$ly l>g] ) small] or %ort] bill & pal] coloration1 bo? sexes hav+ ! gray p>ts ( ! plumage di/9ctly light]1 m a%y4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica except ,pacific coa/1 bre$+ 9 int]ior ( ,alaska2 s\?1 9 w9t]1 to ea/]n ,briti% ,columbia1 ,montana 7,bitt]root ,valley71 etc4 7,ridgway47 #eae;d4 ,kadiak ,p9e ,grosbeak 7,p4 e4 flammula74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eae1 b ) mu* l>g]1 relatively long] & m /rongly hook$ bill2 w+s & tail grayi% br[n in/ead ( dull blacki%4 ,range4--,kadiak ,isl& & s\? on ! coa/ to ,sitka1 ,alaska4 7,ridgway47 ,illu/ration3 #eba4 #eba4 ,am]ican ,crossbill 7,loxia curviro/ra m9or74 ,l4 #f4a2 ,w4 #c4d2 ,b4 4#ff4 ,tips ( m&ibles cross$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,r$1 m or less suffus$ ) gre5i% or yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,olive-gre51 rump & und]p>ts yell[]4 ,yng4 ,resemble ,ad4 ,female4 ,notes4 ,calls1 :5 fe$+1 a conv]sational twitt]+2 l\d] & m pron\nc$ :5 fly+2 song1 sweet1 v>i$ & musical1 b ( small volume4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica1 *iefly ea/w>d2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& 79 ,alleghanies f ,georgia7 nor? & we/ to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? irregul>ly to ,virg9ia & ,nevada2 casually to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,l\isiana4 #eba;a4 ,mexican ,crossbill 7,l4 c4 /rickl&i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eba1 b l>g]2 ,w4 #d2 ,b4 4#gh4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( ,wyom+ & ,colorado1 we/ to ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 & s\? ?r\gh ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona & ! tablel&s ( ,mexico to ,guatemala4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #ebb4 #ebb4 ,:ite-w+$ ,crossbill 7,loxia leucopt]a74 ,l4 #f4 ,tips ( m&ibles cross$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,rose-p9k2 middle ( back black2 w+s ) two :ite b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,olive-gre5 & dusky2 rump & und]p>ts yell[]2 w+s ) two :ite b>s4 ,yng4 ,l ,ad4 ,female4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #eba4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york & nor!rn ,mi*igan nor?w>d2 w9t]s s\? irregul>ly to ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois1 ,briti% ,columbia1 & ,nevada4 ,illu/ration3 #eie4 #eie4 ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak 7,zamelodia ludoviciana74 ,l4 #h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black2 rump1 belly1 tips ( inn] vanes ( out] tail-fea!rs & pat* 9 w+ :ite2 "u w+-cov]ts & brea/ rose4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,"u w+-cov]ts saffron2 above /reak$ br[n & black2 bel[ :iti% /reak$ ) blacki%2 a :ite l9e ov] eye2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,resembles ,female1 b "u w+-cov]ts rose2 brea/ m or less rose-t+$4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 /eely peek2 song1 a ri*1 flu5t1 joy\s c>ol4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 nor!rn ,ohio1 & nor!rn ,indiana 7& s\? 9 ,alleghanies to ,nor? ,c>ol9a71 nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #eag4 ,purple ,f9* 7,c>podacus purpureus74 ,l4 #f4b2 ,w4 #c4b4 ,bill swoll5 & r\nd$2 no/rils l>ge1 p>tially cov]$ by project+1 grayi%1 bri/ly fea!rs2 tail slightly =k$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,dull rose1 head & rump brighte/2 back br[ni%2 l[] belly :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% br[n1 slightly edg$ ) :iti% & br[ni% a%y2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) d>k br[ni%2 a m or less di/9ct :iti% /ripe ov] ! eye4 ,yng4 ,resemble ,ad4 ,female4 ,notes4 ,call1 creak1 creak1 & a qu]ul\s :i/le2 song1 a sweet1 rapidly fl[+ w>ble4 7,see page #age47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 ! m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania1 & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ! nor!rn ,/ates to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 #eag;a4 ,cali=nia ,purple ,f9* 7,c4 p4 cali=nicus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eag1 b ,male dull] & d>k]2 ,female decid$ly olive gre5i% above4 7,see page #age47 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region2 bre$s 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,cali=nia2 we/ ( ! ,si]ra nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f c5tral ,oregon to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #eag4 ,illu/ration3 #eah4 #eah4 ,cass9 ,purple ,f9* 7,c>podacus cass9i74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male ( ,no4 #eag & ,no4 #eag;a1 b back mu* black]1 /reaks m %>ply def9$2 cr[n z bright b appe>+ l a cap2 bel[ mu* pal]4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,female ( ,no4 #eag;a1 b l>g] & m %>ply /reak$ ) black1 bo? above & bel[4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #eag4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rockies1 we/ to ! ,pacific2 bre$s 9 ! m\nta9s f ,new ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #eai4 #eai4 ,h\se ,f9* 7,c>podacus mexicanus frontalis74 ,l4 #f4a2 ,w4 #c4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 brea/1 =ehead1 l9e ov] eye1 & rump1 bright rose-r$2 back grayi% br[n t+$ ) r$2 belly :ite1 /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni% gray obscurely /reak$ ) br[ni%1 no olive t9t2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,male 9 ,w9t]4 ,r$ areas dull purpli% p9k tipp$ ) grayi%4 ,yng4 ,resemble ,ad4 ,female4 ,notes4 ,call1 nasal1 9 *orus1 *att]+2 song1 a musical *e]y1 v>i$ w>ble1 rem9d+ "o ( t ( ,no4 #eag1 b recognizably diff]5t4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ! ,pla9s1 we/ to ! ,pacific1 & f nor!rn ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,wyom+ & ,oregon4 #eai;b4 ,/4 ,lucas ,h\se ,f9* 7,c4 m4 rub]rimus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eai1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4h2 r$ m ext5d$1 always %[+ 9 males on "u tail-cov]ts4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #eai;c4 ,san ,clem5te ,h\se ,f9* 7,c4 m4 clem5tis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eai1 b w+ & tail av]ag+ %ort]1 ! bill decid$ly1 & feet slightly l>g]2 coloration some:at d>k]4 ,w4 #c2 ,b4 4#dh4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&1 ,cali=nia2 ,todos ,santos ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #ebj4 ,guadalupe ,h\se ,f9* 7,c>podacus amplus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eai1 b r$ deep]2 back d>k br[n )\t r$ suffusion4 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #ebj4a ,san ,b5ito ,h\se ,f9* 7,c>podacus mcgregori74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eai1 b mu* l>g] ) relatively %ort] w+s & tail2 above mu* gray] & m di/9ctly /reak$2 r$ areas pal]1 m fle%-color$1 (t5 dull yell[2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #b4e2 ,b4 4#e4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,san ,b5ito ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ebg4 #ebg4 ,gre5l& ,r$poll 7,acan?is hornemannii74 ,l4 #f4a2 ,w4 #c4c4 ,a r$ cr[n-pat*4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,rump1 l[] brea/1 sides & belly :ite1 g5]ally un/reak$2 brea/ & rump sometimes fa9tly t+$ ) p9k4 ,9 w9t]4 ,?roat1 brea/1 & above wa%$ ) buff4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,male1 b no p9k on brea/ or rump1 sides sometimes lightly /reak$4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,gre5l&2 w9t]s s\? to ,labrador4 #ebg;a4 ,ho>y ,r$poll 7,a4 h4 exilipes74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebg b small] & d>k]2 rump /ill :ite1 b ) sides m apt to be /reak$2 ,l4 #e2 ,w4 #c2 ,t4 #b4c2 ,b4 4#c4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,arctic regions2 9 ,am]ica1 w9t]s s\? irregul>ly to ,massa*usetts1 ,ont>io1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,mi*igan4 ,illu/ration3 #ebh4 #ebh4 ,r$poll 7,acan?is l9>ia74 ,l4 #e4c2 ,w4 #b4h2 ,t4 #b4c4 ,b4 4#cf4 ,cr[n-cap r$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above blacki% br[n edg$ ) yell[i% br[n & "s :iti%2 rump heavily /reak$ ) blacki% edg$ ) :iti% & t+$ ) rose2 brea/ rose2 sides heavily /reak$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b no p9k on rump or brea/4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l female4 ,notes4 ,call l t ( ,goldf9* or ,sisk9 & *it2 song l t ( ,am]ican ,goldf9* b di/9ct4 7,m9ot47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica1 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 irregul>ly to ,virg9ia1 ,alabama1 ,kansas1 ,colorado1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia4 #ebh;a4 ,holb,all ,r$poll 7,a4 l4 holb,allii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebh1 b l>g]1 ! bill long]2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #b4c2 ,b4 4#ch4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 ,am]ica1 w9t]s s\?1 casually to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 7,quebec1 ,ont>io1 & ,massa*usetts47 #ebh;b4 ,great] ,r$poll 7,a4 l4 ro/rata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebh1 b l>g]1 above d>k]2 ,l4 #e4e2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #b4e2 ,b4 4#ce2 dep? at base1 4#bh4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,gre5l& 9 summ]1 migrat+ s\? 9 w9t]1 ?r\gh ,labrador to 7sp>+ly7 ! nor!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7,new ,engl&1 l[] ,hudson ,valley1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 etc471 & we/ to ,manitoba4 7,ridgway47 ,illu/ration3 #gdi4 #gdi4 ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let 7,regulus cal5dula74 ,l4 #d4d4 ,a conspicu\s :iti% eye-r+4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a m or less conceal$ v]milion cr[n-pat*2 back olive-gre52 und]p>ts soil$ :iti% m or less t+$ ) buffy2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,call1 a wr5-l cack2 song1 a surpris+ly l\d1 ri*1 musical1 v>i$1 flute-l :i/le4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ! nor!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates nor?w>d & s\? 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,arizona & on ! ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,oregon s\?w>d to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #gdi;a4 ,sitkan ,k+let 7,r4 c4 gr9nelli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdi1 b m olive-gre5 above1 m buffy bel[4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s ,9 s\!rn ,alaska2 w9t]s s\?w>d to ,cali=nia4 #gej4 ,dusky ,k+let 7,regulus obscurus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdi1 b above sooty olive4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,) cr[n-pat* p9ki% or purpli% v]milion-r$4 7,ridgw47 7,see page #agf47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 --,european ,goldf9* 7,c>duelis c>duelis74 ,l4 #e4ej4 ,fea!rs at base ( bill r$2 cr[n & neck-/ripe black2 back br[ni%2 w+s ) a yell[ b&2 inn] webs ( tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,call1 twit2 song1 sweet & v>i$4 7,see page #agf47 ,range4--,introduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry ne> ,hobok51 ,n4 ,j41 9 #ahgh2 n[ n uncommon ne> ,new ,york ,city4 ,illu/ration3 #ddc4 #ddc4 ,scissor-tail$ ,flycat*] 7,muscivora =ficata74 ,l4 #ad4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above gray1 back wa%$ ) r$ or yell[2 cr[n-pat* r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b tail %ort]1 r$ less bright1 back gray]4 ,notes4 ,l\d1 h>%1 *att]+ notes utt]$ on ! w+4 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico2 bre$s ?r\gh ,texas nor? to s\!rn ,kansas & we/]n ,l\isiana1 & w9t]s s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica3 accid5tal 9 ,florida & z f> nor? z ,connecticut & ,hudson ,bay4 ,illu/ration3 #dga4 #dga4 ,v]milion ,flycat*] 7,pyrocephalus rub9eus mexicanus74 ,l4 #f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & und]p>ts r$2 back grayi% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni%1 bel[ :ite1 brea/ /reak$ ) dusky1 belly r$ or yell[4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,female b spott$ ) r$ bel[ & on cr[n4 ,notes4 ,a %rill zi-br,a7,c7,a7,c71 zi-br,a7,c7,a7,c71 utt]$ :ile ! bird hov]s tw5ty or ?irty feet up 9 ! air4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico1 bre$+ nor? to s\!rn ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 s\?we/]n ,utah 7r>ely72 w9t] visitant to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,gr9nell47 ,illu/ration3 #fhh4 #fhh4 ,pa9t$ ,r$/>t 7,setophaga picta74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,ads4 ,black2 c5t] ( brea/ & belly deep r$1 pat* 9 w+s & out] tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,range--,mexican ,plateau nor? to s\?we/ ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #fij4 #fij4 ,r$-fac$ ,w>bl] 7,c>dell9a rubrifrons74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ads4 ,=ehead1 face1 ?roat & sides ( neck r$1 cr[n & e>-cov]ts black1 nape b& & rump :iti%2 back gray2 no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,notes4 ,a prolong$1 v cle>1 :i/l$ song4 7,scott47 ,range4--,f ,guatemala nor? ov] ! ,mexican ,plateau to s\!rn ,arizona & we/]n ,new ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dih4 #dih4 ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird 7,agelaius ph,aniceus74 ,l4 ,male1 #i4e2 ,w4 #d4g2 ,b4 4#hh2 dep? at base1 4#e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black1 9 w9t] m or less tipp$ ) ru/y2 less] w+-cov]ts sc>let2 m$ian w+-cov]ts buff1 tips 9 summ] :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni% black1 widely m>g9$ ) buffy & ru/y2 bel[ :iti% heavily /reak$ ) black2 ?roat t+$ ) orange or yell[2 less] w+-cov]ts t+$ ) r$4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male1 b heavily m>g9$ ) ru/y above & less s bel[2 less] w+-cov]ts dull] & n>r[ly edg$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,call1 ch,at1 ch,ack1 a re$y cack2 song1 a *orus song1 a liquid kong-qu,aer-r,ae,ae2 al>m note a %rill *ee-e-e-e-e4 ,! notes ( ?is species are subject to mu* v>iation ) locality1 b ,i f9d x impossible to express on pap] diff]5ces p]fectly app>5t :5 he>d4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ( ,mexico nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois s\?w>d4 #dih;a4 ,sonoran ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 sonori5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b l>g]1 bill m sl5d]2 ,female pal]1 /reak+ bel[ br[n]4 ,w4 ,female1 #d4h2 ,b4 4#ie2 dep? at base 4#e4 ,range4--,l[] ,colorado ,valley 9 ,cali=nia & ,arizona1 s\!rn ,arizona & s\? ov] coa/ pla9 ( ,sonora2 ,cape ,/4 ,lucas4 #dih;b4 ,bahaman ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 bryanti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b bill slightly long]1 ! female /reak$ bel[ ) br[ni% in/ead ( black4 ,range4--,bahamas & s\!rn ,florida4 #dih;c4 ,florida ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 floridanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b small]1 ! bill long] & m sl5d]2 ,male1 ,w4 #d4b2 ,b4 4#i2 dep? at base 4#d4 ,range4--,florida1 except extreme s\!rn portion2 we/ along ,gulf coa/ to ,texas4 #dih;d4 ,?ick-bill$ ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 =tis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b l>g]1 bill %ort] & proportionately ?ick]4 ,w4 #e2 ,b4 4#h2 dep? at base 4#e4 ,range4--,bre$s on ,mack5zie ,riv]1 ,a?abasca1 & o!r int]ior di/ricts ( ,briti% ,am]ica2 dur+ migrations ,great ,pla9s1 f ,rockies to ,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 we/]n ,ill9ois1 nor!rn ,k5tucky1 & s\?we/ to we/]n ,texas & ,arizona4 7,ridgway47 #dih;e4 ,san ,diego ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 neutralis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih;a1 b slightly small]1 ! ,female ) /reaks bel[ wid]4 ,w4 #d4g2 ,b4 4#ie2 dep? at base 4#e4 ,range4--,great ,bas9 region f s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,mexico1 we/]n ,texas1 to s\!rn ,cali=nia & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia2 9 w9t] z f> ea/ z ,br[nsville1 ,texas4 7,ridgway47 #dih;f4 ,nor?we/]n ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 caur9um74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b slightly l>g]1 bill some:at long] & m sl5d]1 ! ,male ) m$ian w+-cov]ts deep] buff1 ! ,female mu* d>k]1 /reaks bel[ wid]1 d>ke/ ,female ( gr\p4 ,w4 #d4h2 ,b4 4#i2 dep? at base 4#de4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? 9 w9t] to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ejj4 ,illu/ration3 #dii4 #dii4 ,bicolor$ ,blackbird 7,agelaius gub]nator cali=nicus74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b m$ian w+-cov]ts d>k] & broadly tipp$ ) black1 conceal+ z a rule1 _! br[ni% bases4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,v diff]5t f ,female ( ,no4 #dih2 above & bel[ blacki% slightly edg$ ) ru/y4 ,notes4 ,simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ,no4 #dih1 b ) easily recognizable diff]5ces4 7,see page #agh47 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor?w>d1 we/ ( ,si]ra ,nevada & ,cascade ranges1 to ,wa%+ton2 migratory at nor? "p ( range4 #ejj4 ,tricolor$ ,blackbird 7,agelaius tricolor74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dih1 b glossi]1 less] w+-cov]ts d>k]1 m$ian w+-cov]ts :ite2 9 w9t] black m or less edg$ ) grayi% br[n2 m$ian w+-cov]ts d+y4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no ru/y2 above blacki% edg$ ) grayi%2 bel[ black bord]$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,said to be q diff]5t f ^? ( ,no4 #dih4 7,b5dire47 7,see page #agh47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,oregon2 local 9 valleys ( int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 #ebc4 #ebc4 ,aleutian ,leuco/icte 7,leuco/icte griseonu*a74 ,l ,no4 #ebd;a1 b mu* d>k]1 brea/ *e/nut-*ocolate2 l>g]1 ,w4 #d4d4 ,range4--,isl&s ( ,b]+ ,sea 7resid5t72 9 w9t]1 ,%umag9 ,isl&s1 l[] portion ( ,alaska ,p59sula & ,kadiak ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #ebd4 #ebd4 ,gray-cr[n$ ,leuco/icte 7,leuco/icte tephrocotis74 ,l4 #f4g2 ,w4 #d4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,r$di% br[n m or less tipp$ ) grayi%2 rump1 upp] tail-cov]ts1 less] w+-cov]ts1 out] edges ( prim>ies1 & l[] belly tipp$ ) p9k2 =ecr[n black2 h9dhead gray2 *eeks d[n to blacki% ?roat br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b dull]4 ,yng4 ,ne>ly uni=m br[ni%2 m>g9s ( prim>ies %[+ "s p9k4 ,notes4 ,a quick al>m note1 qui1 qui4 7,sill[ay47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s 9 high] p>ts ( ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia1 f ,mt4 ,%a/a s\? to ,mt4 ,:itney1 & on ,:ite ,m\nta9s 7,gr9nell72 nor? 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,briti% ,columbia2 9 w9t] ea/ to ,manitoba1 ,colorado1 & ,nebraska4 ,illu/ration3 #ebd;a4 #ebd;a4 ,hepburn ,leuco/icte 7,l4 t4 littoralis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebd1 b *eeks gray l h9dhead2 ?roat (t5 grayi%4 ,range4--,high] m\nta9s ( ,wa%+ton & ,briti% ,columbia2 nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,colorado &1 on ,pacific ,coa/1 z f> nor? z ,kadiak ,isl&4 ,illu/ration3 #ebe4 #ebe4 ,black ,leuco/icte 7,leuco/icte atrata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebd1 b br[n replac$ by br[ni% black 9 ,ad4 ,male1 or dusky slate br[ni% 9 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,range4--,bre$s on high] m\nta9s ( ,idaho & ,wyom+2 w9t]s s\? to ,colorado & ,utah4 ,illu/ration3 #ebf4 #ebf4 ,br[n-capp$ ,leuco/icte 7,leuco/icte au/ralis74 ,resembles ,no4 #ebd1 b little or no gray on h9dhead1 ! black ( =ehead pass+ gradually into br[n ( nape & back4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 m\nta9s ( ,colorado at ab\t #abjjj feet altitude1 w9t]s at l[] altitudes & s\? to ,new ,mexico4 ,p]*+ ,birds ,m>k$ ,) ,blue ,illu/ration3 #eii4 #eii4 ,lazuli ,bunt+ 7,cyanospiza am,ana74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,two :ite w+-b>s2 brea/ c9namon1 ?roat & upp]p>ts light blue2 back black]4 ,9 w9t] m or less tipp$ ) ru/y4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,middle w+-cov]ts tipp$ ) :iti%2 above grayi% br[n ) g5]ally a blue t+e1 /ronge/ on rump & less] w+-cov]ts2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ buff4 ,yng4 ,l ,female1 b br[n]1 no blue4 ,notes4 ,sugge/ ^? ( ! ,indigo ,bunt+4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to we/]n ,kansas2 bre$s nor? to ,montana & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fjj4 #fjj4 ,v>i$ ,bunt+ 7,cyanospiza v]sicolor74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,r$di% purple1 cr[n & rump blue1 nape r$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni% gray2 bel[ :iti% wa%$ ) buff2 a slight t+e ( blue on rump1 w+s & tail4 ,mu* l ,female ( ,no4 #eih1 b less br[n above & no /reaks bel[4 ,yng4 ,resemble ,female4 ,range4--,mexico2 bre$+ nor? to s\!rn ,texas & s\!rn ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 #fjj;a4 ,beautiful ,bunt+ 7,c4 v4 pul*ra74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fjj1 b slightly small]1 rump m purple1 ?roat ) less r$4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fja4 #fja4 ,pa9t$ ,bunt+2 ,nonp>eil 7,cyanospiza ciris74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,bel[ r$1 rump dull]1 back gre51 head d>k blue4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bright1 %9+ olive-gre5 above2 gre5i% yell[ bel[4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female2 second ye> v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 ,ad4 ,male & ,female4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ! ,indigo ,bunt+ b possess less volume4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,kansas1 & we/ to s\!rn ,arizona2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fed4 #fed4 ,black-?roat$ ,blue ,w>bl] 7,d5droica c,arulesc5s74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,a :ite pat* or spot at base ( prim>ies4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & sides black2 belly :ite2 above d>k grayi% blue2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,grayi% olive-gre52 bel[ yell[i% :ite2 a n>r[ :ite l9e ov] eye2 :ite w+-pat* small1 sometimes b>ely %[+ above cov]ts2 tail ) a blui% t+e4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,ad4 ,female1 b gre5i% above2 black areas small] & tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 *>act]i/ic *ip2 song1 usually1 zwee-zwee-zwee 9 an asc5d+ scale4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,connecticut1 m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania1 s\!rn ,mi*igan1 & nor!rn ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #fed;a4 ,cairns ,w>bl] 7,d4 c4 cairnsi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fed1 b ,male d>k]1 ! back ) m or less black2 ,female d>k] & dull]4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 high] portions ( s\!rn ,alleghanies2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #feh4 #feh4 ,c]ulean ,w>bl] 7,d5droica c]ulea74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a gray-blue brea/ b&2 above bright gray-blue /reak$ ) black2 w+-b>s & spots 9 tail :ite4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,above blue-gray wa%$ ) gre5i%1 bel[ yell[i% :ite2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye4 ,notes4 ,call1 a w>bl] lisp & t*ip ( ! ,myrtle ,w>bl]2 song resembl+ t ( ,p>ula ,w>bl]4 7,brew/]47 7,see page #ahj47 ,range4--,mississippi ,valley1 bre$+ nor? to ,m9nesota & ea/ to ,cayuga ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia2 g5]ally r>e ea/ ( ,alleghanies2 migrates s\? ?r\gh ,texas & w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #eig4 #eig4 ,blue ,grosbeak 7,guiraca c,arulea74 ,l4 #g2 ,w4 #c4d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,deep1 d>k blue1 back black] & sometimes ) br[ni% edg+s2 less] w+-cov]ts broadly1 great] w+-cov]ts n>r[ly tipp$ ) *e/nut4 ,9 w9t] m or less tipp$ ) br[ni% above & bel[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% br[n1 deepe/ on head2 bel[ grayi% :ite wa%$ ) buffy2 w+-b>s buff4 ,"s specim5s %[ m or less blue1 p>ticul>ly ab\t head4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b br[n]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a /rong1 h>%1 pt*ick2 song1 a beautiful b feeble w>ble1 some:at l t ( ,purple ,f9* & ) a slight resemblance to t ( ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ! ,gulf nor? to ,m>yl& & s\!rn ,ill9ois2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates into ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica2 casually nor? z f> z ,ma9e & ,quebec4 #eig;a4 ,we/]n ,blue ,grosbeak 7,g4 c4 lazula74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eig1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4f2 male bright] blue2 back black]2 tips ( w+-cov]ts pal]1 ^? ( great] cov]ts usually decid$ly pal] ?an ^? ( less] cov]ts & av]ag+ wid] ?an ^? ( ,no4 #eig4 ,female av]ag+ pal]1 less br[n4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,mexico nor? to ,kansas1 s\!rn ,nebraska1 ,colorado1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #eih4 #eih4 ,indigo ,bunt+ 7,cyanospiza cyanea74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,no :ite w+-b>s4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,deep blue1 d>ke/ on head4 ,9 w9t] br[n1 pal] bel[1 m or less mix$ ) blue4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[n2 bel[ :iti% wa%$ ) br[n ) a sugge/ion ( /reaks2 less] w+-cov]ts & m>g9s ( tail-fea!rs usually t+$ ) blue4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female b bel[ m /reak$2 br[n]1 & g5]ally )\t blue t+e4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p pit2 song1 a t9kl+1 unsympa!tic1 rapid w>ble1 ,july1 ,july1 summ]-summ]'s "h2 morn+1 noontide1 ev5+1 li/ to me4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s1 casually to ,colorado2 bre$s nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gff4 #gff4 ,bluebird 7,sialia sialis74 ,l4 #g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above1 includ+ w+s & tail1 bright blue2 ?roat & brea/ ru/y br[n1 belly :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above gray]1 bel[ pal]4 ,9 w9t] specim5s ( bo? sexes h upp]p>ts tipp$ ) ru/y4 ,notes4 ,call1 tur-wee1 tur-wee2 song1 a ri* & sweet b %ort w>ble4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,engl& & s\!rn ,ill9ois s\?w>d4 #gff;a4 ,azure ,bluebird 7,s4 s4 azurea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gff1 b brea/ pal]1 upp]p>ts less deep1 m c]ulean4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( ea/]n ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,arizona4 #gfg4 ,we/]n ,bluebird 7,sialia mexicana occid5talis74 ,l4 #g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above bright blue1 =eback ) m or less ru/-br[n1 b r>ely :olly *e/nut2 ?roat blue1 brea/ ru/-br[n1 belly blui% gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% blue2 ru/ on =eback fa9tly indicat$2 ?roat blui% gray1 brea/ pal] ?an 9 ,male4 ,notes4 ,call1 sugge/s t ( ,no4 #gff1 b is l\d] & wild]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia1 ea/ to we/]n ,nevada & casually1 dur+ migrations1 to ,new ,mexico4 7,ridgway47 ,illu/ration3 #gfg;a4 #gfg;a4 ,*e/nut-back$ ,bluebird 7,s4 m4 bairdi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gfg1 b =eback :olly ru/-br[n4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f ,wyom+ s\? into ,mexico4 #gfg;b4 ,san ,p$ro ,bluebird 7,s4 m4 anabel,a74 ,ru/-br[n ( back & brea/ greatly r$uc$ 9 ext5t1 usually :olly want+ or b>ely indicat$ on back1 & divid$ into two pat*es on brea/ by backw>d ext5sion ( blue ( ?roat2 ,w4 #d4b4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gfh4 #gfh4 ,m\nta9 ,bluebird 7,sialia arctica74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above beautiful c]ulean blue1 ?roat & brea/ pal]1 belly :iti%4 ,w9t] specim5s are m or less tipp$ ) br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni% gray1 rump blue1 ?roat & brea/ grayi% buff2 belly :iti%4 ,notes4 ,call1 sugge/s t ( ,no4 #gff1 b 9 fall is m]ely a feeble *irp4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 except ,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ! ,si]ra ,nevada ea/ to ! ,pla9s & f ,new ,mexico nor? to ! ,great ,slave ,lake region2 w9t]s f ! ,mexico b\nd>y /ates s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dgg4 #dgg4 ,blue ,jay 7,cyanocitta cri/ata74 ,l4 #aa4g4 ,ads4 ,above gray-blue1 brea/ & sides wa%$ ) grayi%2 :ite tip to out] tail-fea!r r>ely less ?an "o in* long4 ,notes4 ,v>i$2 commonly a l\d h>% jay jay2 (t5 :i/l+ calls & imitations ( ! notes ( o!r birds1 p>ticul>ly ( common ,hawks4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,georgia & nor!rn ,texas nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 resid5t1 except at nor!rn "p ( range4 #dgg;a4 ,florida ,blue ,jay 7,c4 c4 flor9cola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgg1 b small]1 ,l4 #aj2 blue above ) a purpli% t+e2 great] w+-cov]ts m n>r[ly b>r$ ) black & tipp$ ) :ite4 ,range4--,florida & ,gulf ,coa/ to s\!a/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #dhb4 #dhb4 ,arizona ,jay 7,aphelocoma sieb]ii arizon,a74 ,l4 #ac2 ,w4 #f4c2 ,t4 #e4h4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% blue1 head1 w+s & tail bright] ?an back2 bel[ un/reak$1 gray brea/ t+$ ) blui%2 belly :it]4 ,notes4 ,noisy1 h>%1 & f>-rea*+4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico1 nor? to s\!rn ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 #dhb;a4 ,c\* ,jay 7,a4 s4 c\*i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhb1 b small]2 ,w4 #e4h2 ,t4 #e4c2 blu] above1 ?roat :it]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,mexico1 ext5d+ to we/]n ,texas 9 ! ,*isos ,m\nta9s4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #dib4 #dib4 ,p9on ,jay 7,cyanocephalus cyanocephalus74 ,l4 #aa2 ,t4 #d4h4 ,ads4 ,above ne>ly uni=m grayi% blue1 head slightly d>k]2 bel[ slightly pal]1 ?roat /reak$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,v>iable1 "s z h>% z ^? ( ,no4 #dia1 o!rs l gabble ( ,magpie2 o!rs l ,jays' common call a %rill1 qu]ul\s1 peeh1 peeh2 :5 on gr\nd ma9ta9 a con/ant *att]4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,new ,mexico & ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ,rockies1 we/ to ,si]ra ,nevada & ,cascade ,ranges4 ,illu/ration3 #dgi4 #dgi4 ,florida ,jay 7,aphelocoma cyanea74 ,l4 #aa4e4 ,ads4 =eback clay-color or pale br[ni% gray2 head1 nape1 w+s1 tail1 sides ( ?roat & fa9t brea/-/reaks blue2 a grayi% l9e ov] eye2 ?roat gray2 belly d+i]2 =ehead usually ho>y4 ,notes4 ,h>% & unmusical calls4 ,range4--,florida2 conf9$ mo/ly to coa/ ( ! middle portions ( ! p59sula4 ,illu/ration3 #dhj4 #dhj4 ,woodh\se ,jay 7,aphelocoma woodh\sei74 ,l4 #ab2 ,w4 #e4 ,ads4 ,back grayi% or br[ni% blue1 usually n %>ply def9$ f nape2 cr[n1 nape1 w+s & tail blue2 ?roat gray2 belly d+i]2 brea/ /reak$ ) blue2 "u tail-cov]ts blue2 a n>r[ :ite l9e ov] eye4 ,resembles ,no4 #dgi1 b is l>g]1 back blu]1 =ehead n ho>y2 l9e ov] eye %>p]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates 7*iefly ,great ,bas9 region71 f nor!rn ,mexico nor? to s\!a/]n ,oregon & s\!rn ,wyom+2 ea/ to we/]n ,texas & ,colorado2 we/ to ,cali=nia1 ea/ ( ! ,si]ras4 ,illu/ration3 #dhj4a4 #dhj4a4 ,blue-e>$ ,jay 7,aphelocoma cyanotis74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #dhj1 b l>g]2 ,w4 #e4 #e2 "u tail-cov]ts :ite2 back slaty-gray t+$ ) blue2 :ite l9e ov] eye less evid5t4 ,range4--,mexican tablel& nor? casually to ,sutton ,c\nty1 ,texas4 7,bailey47 #dhj4b4 ,texan ,jay 7,aphelocoma texana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhj4a1 b :ite l9e ov] eye m di/9ct1 bel[ pal] & br[n] gray1 l[] ?roat & *e/ ) obsolete grayi% /reaks in/ead ( blue /reaks4 ,diff]s f ,no4 #dhj 9 hav+ pure :ite "u tail cov]ts & 9 o!r respects4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,texas1 f ,con*o & ,k]r ,c\nties we/ to ! ,davis ,m\nta9s4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #dha4 #dha4 ,cali=nia ,jay 7,aphelocoma cali=nica74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhj1 b back br[n2 usually %>ply def9$ f nape2 blue areas bright]1 ?roat & belly :it]2 brea/ less /reak$ ) blue4 ,notes4 ,v>i$1 usual call a h>%1 metallic squawk+4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to s\!rn ,wa%+ton1 ea/1 9 ,cali=nia1 to ! ,si]ra ,nevada4 #dha;a4 ,xantus ,jay 7,a4 c4 hypoleuca74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dha1 b blue areas some:at light]1 und]p>ts decid$ly :it]4 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,lat4 #bh;,a deg44 #dha;b4 ,beld+ ,jay 7,a4 c4 obscura74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dha1 b d>k] & ) small] feet2 ,w4 #d4g4 7,an?ony47 ,range4--,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dha4a4 #dha4a4 ,santa ,cruz ,jay 7,aphelocoma insul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dha1 b l>g]2 ,w4 #e4f2 blue areas mu* deep]1 back mu* d>k]1 grayi% sooty t+$ ) blue4 ,range4--,santa ,cruz ,isl&1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dgh4 #dgh4 ,/ell] ,jay 7,cyanocitta /ell]i74 ,l4 #ac4 ,ads4 ,cre/1 back & upp] brea/ sooty br[n2 rump & belly d>k1 7,antw]p7 blue2 =ehead m or less /reak$ ) blue4 ,notes4 ,v>i$1 usual call a l\d1 h>% squawk+2 ! bird is a mimic & also a :i/l]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to ne> ,cook ,inlet1 ,alaska1 includ+ ,vanc\v] ,isl&4 #dgh;a4 ,blue-front$ ,jay 7,c4 s4 frontalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgh1 b back pal]1 gray]1 rump & belly turquoise1 =ehead ) m blue :i* sometimes ext5ds to ! cre/4 ,range4--,s\!rn coa/ ranges & ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia & we/]n ,nevada1 f ,=t ,crook s\? to nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 #dgh;b4 ,long-cre/$ ,jay 7,c4 s4 diademata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgh1 b pal]1 gray] above1 blue turquoise1 z 9 ,no4 #dgh;a2 cre/ long]1 ! =ehead ) pale1 blui% :ite /reaks2 a :ite spot ov] ! eye4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 nor? to s\!rn ,wyom+2 we/ to ,u9tah ,m\nta9s1 9 ea/]n ,utah1 & ! high] ranges ( nor?we/]n ,arizona2 s\? to ,new ,mexico4 7,b5dire47 #dgh;c4 ,black-head$ ,jay 7,c4 s4 annect5s74 ,betwe5 ,no4 #dgh & ,no4 #dgh;b4 ,=ehead /reaks1 & spot ov] eye mu* z 9 latt]2 color ( body d>k z 9 =m]4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9 region f nor!rn ,utah & s\!rn ,wyom+ nor? to ,alb]ta & ,briti% ,columbia4 #dgh;d4 ,que5 ,*>lotte ,jay 7,c4 s4 carlott,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgh1 b d>k]1 sooty slate above1 blue deep]4 ,range4--,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 #dhc4 #dhc4 ,gre5 ,jay 7,xan?\ra luxuosa glaucesc5s74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & pat*es at side ( ?roat blue2 back1 w+s1 & c5tral tail-fea!rs gre52 out] tail-fea!rs yell[2 ?roat black1 brea/ & belly gre5i% yell[4 ,notes4 ,noisy & h>% (t5 sugge/+ c]ta9 ( ! ,blue ,jay's calls4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 ,texas1 & s\? into nor!a/]n ,mexico4 ,p]*+ ,birds ) ,yell[ or ,orange ,illu/ration3 #ejc4 #ejc4 ,audubon ,oriole 7,ict]us audubonii74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,ads4 ,head1 brea/1 w+s & tail black2 belly yell[2 back gre5i% yell[4 ,yng4 ,gre5i% yell[ bel[2 olive-gre5 above4 ,notes4 ,see ,no4 #ejg4 ,range4--,mexico nor? to ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e2 casually z f> z ,san ,antonio1 ,texas2 resid5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ejd4 #ejd4 ,scott ,oriole 7,ict]us p>isorum74 ,l4 #h2 ,b4 4#ie2 ,ad4 ,male4 ,less] w+-cov]ts1 base ( tail1 rump & belly yell[2 re/ ( plumage black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,yell[i% bel[1 olive-gre5 above1 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l female1 b ?roat black4 ,notes4 ,see ,no4 #ejg4 ,range4--,mexican tablel&1 migrat+ nor? to we/]n ,texas1 nor!rn ,new ,mexico1 s\!rn ,nevada & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eje4 #eje4 ,hood$ ,oriole 7,ict]us cucullatus s5netti74 ,l4 #h2 ,b4 4#ge4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,orange2 =ehead1 face1 ?roat1 =eback1 w+s & tail black2 less] w+-cov]ts & tips to great] ones :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,yell[i% bel[1 br[ni% olive-gre5 above1 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b ?roat black4 ,notes4 ,see ,no4 #ejg4 ,range4--,mexico2 migrat+ nor? to ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 #eje;a4 ,arizona ,hood$ ,oriole 7,i4 c4 nelsoni74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eje1 b head1 rump1 etc4 yell[ in/ead ( orange4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico & ,l[] ,cali=nia1 migrat+ nor? to s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 we/ ( ,si]ra ,nevada2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #ejg4 #ejg4 ,baltimore ,oriole 7,ict]us galbula74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 :ole head1 =eback1 w+s & middle tail-fea!rs black2 brea/1 belly1 rump1 less] w+-cov]ts & ends ( out] tail-fea!rs orange2 w+-cov]ts & t]tials m>g9$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head & =eback olive-yell[ spott$ ) black2 rump & tail br[ni% yell[2 bel[ dull yell[1 ?roat g5]ally blacki%4 ,notes4 ,! notes ( all ! orange & black ,orioles kn[n to me are mell[1 musical1 qu]ul\s :i/les g5]ally giv5 9 deta*$ fragm5ts1 all mu* alike 9 "* b di/+ui%able :5 "o becomes famili> ) !m4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ,florida & ea/]n ,texas nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ! ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ejh4 #ejh4 ,bullock ,oriole 7,ict]us bullocki74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*eeks1 mo/ ( und]p>ts1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye orange2 rump & out] tail-fea!rs yell[]2 c5t] ( ?roat1 cr[n1 =eback & middle tail-fea!rs black2 a l>ge :ite w+-pat*4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive grayi% br[n2 bel[ yell[i%1 belly :it]2 tail olive-yell[2 w+s blacki%1 m$ian cov]ts tipp$1 great] cov]ts ext]nally m>g9$ ) :ite2 *9 sometimes blacki%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female1 b c5t] ( ?roat & lores black4 ,notes4 ,see ,no4 #ejg4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,mexico nor? to ,ass9iboia & ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to we/]n ,texas2 we/ to ! ,pacific2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fcg4 #fcg4 ,pro?onot>y ,w>bl] 7,protonot>ia citrea74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,tail-fea!rs ) l>ge :ite areas4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ole head & und]p>ts orange-yell[2 back gre5i% yell[2 rump gray4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n gre5i% l back2 yell[ pal]2 belly :iti%2 less :ite 9 tail4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 metallic *9k2 song1 a high pit*$1 p5etrat+ & />tl+ peet1 tsweet1 tsweet1 tsweet1 tsweet1 tsweet4 7,jones47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,virg9ia1 ,ohio1 & s\!rn ,m9nesota2 w9t]s 9 ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fea4 #fea4 ,olive ,w>bl] 7,d5droica olivacea74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & brea/ orange br[n1 a black b& ?r\gh ! eye2 back olive-gray2 belly grayi%2 w+-b>s :ite2 out] tail-fea!rs l>gely :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive-gray1 head yell[]2 eye-b& dusky2 brea/ yell[2 belly :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 a liquid quirt quirt1 quirt1 9 a desc5d+ scale4 7,price47 ,range4--,highl&s ( ,guatemala & ,mexico nor? to m\nta9s ( ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #ffb4 #ffb4 ,blackburnian ,w>bl] 7,d5droica blackburni,a74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 l9e ov] eye1 c5t] ( cr[n1 & sides ( neck bright orange2 back black ) a few :iti% /reaks2 w+-b>s broadly :ite2 tail-spots :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,yell[ areas pal]2 above grayi% /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,yng4 & ,ad4 9 ,w9t]4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male1 b ?roat pal]1 back br[n]2 w+ ) two di/9ct b>s4 ,notes4 ,song1 wee-see-wee-see1 tsee-tsee1 tsee1 tsee-tsee1 tsee1 tsee1 9 an asc5d+ scale1 ! la/ %rill & f9e4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& 7& 9 ,b]k%ire & ,worce/] c\nties1 ,massa*usetts71 & nor!rn ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region1 7& s\? 9 ,alleghanies to ,s\? ,c>ol9a72 w9t]s 9 tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fhg4 #fhg4 ,r$/>t 7,setophaga ruticilla74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black2 sides ( brea/1 b& 9 w+s & 9 tail ri* salmon4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,sides ( brea/1 b& 9 w+s & 9 tail dull yell[2 back olive-br[n1 cr[n gray2 bel[ :iti%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,int]m$iate betwe5 adults4 ,notes4 ,song1 *+1 *+1 *ee2 s]-wee1 swee1 swe-e-e4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 r>e on ! ,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,kansas nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gdh4 #gdh4 ,gold5-cr[n$ ,k+let 7,regulus satrapa74 ,l4 #d4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n orange & yell[ bord]$ by black2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 back grayi% olive-gre52 bel[ soil$ :iti%4 ,a blacki% b& 9 w+ bord]$ basally by yell[i% :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no orange 9 cr[n1 its :ole c5t] yell[4 ,notes4 ,call1 a f9e1 high ti-ti2 song1 five or six f9e1 %rill high-pit*$ notes end+ 9 a %ort1 rapid1 r explosive w>ble1 tzee1 tzee1 tzee1 tzee1 ti1 ti1 t]1 ti-ti-ti4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates nor?w>d1 & s\?w>d along ! ,rockies into ,mexico & 9 ! ,alleghanies to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s f ab\t its s\!rn bre$+ limit to ! ,gulf ,/ates & ,mexico4 #gdh;a4 ,we/]n ,gold5-cr[n$ ,k+let 7,r4 s4 olivaceus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdh1 b upp]p>ts bright] olive-gre52 und]p>ts ) a br[ni% t+e4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region2 bre$s f ! high] ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #fff4 #fff4 ,gold5-*eek$ ,w>bl] 7,d5droica *rysop>ia74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 cr[n & back black2 *eeks & spot 9 =ehead yell[2 a n>r[ black l9e ?r\gh eye2 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive gre5 ) black /reaks2 *eeks dull] ?an 9 ,male1 eye-/reak dusky2 ?roat yell[1 brea/ blacki%2 belly :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 ts]1 weasy-weasy1 twea1 resembl+ song ( ,no4 #ffg4 7,nehrl+47 ,range4--,we/]n c5tral & s\!rn ,texas & s\? ?r\gh ea/]n ,mexico to highl&s ( ,guatemala4 7,ridgway47 ,illu/ration3 #ffg4 #ffg4 ,black-?roat$ ,gre5 ,w>bl] 7,d5droica vir5s74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & brea/ black2 *eeks gre5i% yell[2 back olive-gre52 w+-b>s & tail pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil>1 b ?roat yell[i%2 black brea/ tipp$ ) yell[i%2 belly t+$ ) yell[2 back )\t black /reaks4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,?roat & brea/ yell[i% :ite1 little or no black4 ,notes4 ,song1 a dron+ z,ae,ae1 z,ae,ae1 z,ae-,ae,ae'1 z,ae,ae4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,connecticut & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,hudson ,bay1 & s\? 9 ,alleghanies to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ffh4 #ffh4 ,t[ns5d ,w>bl] 7,d5droica t[ns5di74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a black eye-pat* bord]$ by yell[ /ripes2 cr[n & ?roat black2 back olive-gre5 spott$ ) black2 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,eye-pat* olive2 ?roat yell[1 indi/9ctly blacki%2 cr[n & back olive-gre51 ) few black /reaks4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b yell[]4 ,notes4 ,song1 de-de1 de-de1 de1 l t ( ,no4 #ffg4 7,m]rill47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,alaska1 ea/ to we/]n ,colorado2 9 migrations to we/]n ,texas2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #ffi4 #ffi4 ,h]mit ,w>bl] 7,d5droica occid5talis74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,und]p>ts )\t /reaks4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & *eeks yell[2 ?roat black2 back gray spott$ ) black2 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n less yell[2 ?roat yell[i%2 back olive-gray1 usually )\t spots4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b yell[]4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,?roat dusky2 =ehead & *eeks yell[2 back olive-gre5 ) conceal$ black spots4 ,mu* l ,yng ( ,no4 #ffg1 b =ehead yell[]1 no /reaks bel[4 ,notes4 ,song1 zeegle-zeegle-zeegle-zeek4 7,b>l[47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s 9 high m\nta9s f ,briti% ,columbia to ,cali=nia1 & f ,pacific ,coa/ di/rict ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 migrates to ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ,mexico1 & ,guatemala4 7,bailey47 ,illu/ration3 #fhd4 #fhd4 ,hood$ ,w>bl] 7,wilsonia mitrata74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,out] tail-fea!r ) :ite pat*es4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead & *eeks yell[2 h9dhead ext5d+ to brea/ & ?roat black2 belly yell[2 back olive-gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,?roat yell[1 h9dhead olive-gre5 usually ) black4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *eep2 song1 a gracefully :i/l$ y mu/ come to ! woods1 or y wont see me4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,connecticut1 c5tral we/]n ,new ,york1 & s\!rn ,mi*igan2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #eca4 #eca4 ,lawr5ce ,goldf9* 7,a/ragal9us lawr5cei74 ,l4 #d4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n1 ?roat & front ( *eeks black2 body gray1 brea/1 rump1 w+s &1 to a less degree1 back ) yell[2 out] tail fea!rs ) l>ge :ite spots ne> ! end4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b no black1 back br[n] & )\t yell[4 ,notes4 ,sugge/+ ^? ( ! ,goldf9*1 b weak]4 ,range--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ! ,si]ra2 bre$s f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,*ico1 ,cali=nia2 w9t]s to ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fdb4 #fdb4 ,gold5-w+$ ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila *rysopt]a74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n yell[1 w+-b>s broadly yell[2 above blui% gray2 bel[ grayi% :ite2 ?roat-pat* & eye-/ripe black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n dull]2 ?roat-pat* & eye-/ripe gray4 ,notes4 ,song1 a lazy zee-zee-zee-zee all on same note4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey & nor!rn ,indiana nor? to ,v]mont1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 & ,mi*igan1 & s\? along ,alleghanies to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fgh4 #fgh4 ,connecticut ,w>bl] 7,geo?lypis agilis74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,eye-r+ :ite2 no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & *eeks blui% slate2 ?roat & brea/ pal]1 ! latt] ) no black2 above olive-gre52 bel[ yell[1 sides gre5i%4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,?roat & brea/ olive br[n2 belly yell[2 back br[ni% olive-gre52 cr[n br[n]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p peek2 song1 sugge/+ t ( ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat & also t ( ,ov5-bird1 free-*apple1 free-*apple1 free-*apple1 :oit4 7,seton47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ,ma9e & ,manitoba2 kn[n to bre$ only 9 ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fgi4 #fgi4 ,m\rn+ ,w>bl] 7,geo?lypis philadelphia74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,no :ite eye-r+2 cr[n & *eeks blui% slate2 ?roat blacki%2 brea/ black m or less veil$ by slaty2 belly yell[2 back olive-gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,head slaty2 ?roat & brea/ grayi%2 an inconspicu\s :ite eye-r+4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b br[n] above2 ?roat m yell[4 ,notes4 ,song1 cle> & :i/l$1 tee te-o te-o te-o we-se1 ! la/ c\plet acc5t$ & mu* high] pit*$4 7,jones47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york & ea/]n ,nebraska nor? to ,nova ,scotia & ,manitoba1 & s\? along ! ,alleghanies to ,we/ ,virg9ia2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fhj4 #fhj4 ,macgillivray ,w>bl] 7,geo?lypis tolmiei71 ,l4 #e4d4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #fgi1 b ) an incomplete :ite eye-r+ %[+ above & bel[ eye4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f we/]n ,texas & m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 9 migrations ranges ea/ to ,nebraska & middle ,texas2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fef4 #fef4 ,audubon ,w>bl] 7,d5droica auduboni74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,cr[n1 sides ( brea/1 rump1 & ?roat usually ) yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat bright yell[2 brea/ black2 back blue-gray /reak$ ) black2 w+-b>s broadly :ite2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to male1 b brea/ grayi%2 yell[ less bright2 less :ite 9 w+s4 ,male1 ,w9t]4 ,l same plumage ( ,no4 #fee1 b ?roat1 yell[i%2 m :ite 9 tail4 ,female1 ,w9t]4 ,simil>1 b less yell[1 ?roat sometimes )\t yell[1 :5 l ,no4 #fee1 b :ite on f\r or five out] tail-fea!rs in/ead ( on two or ?ree4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$+ 9 high] m\nta9s f s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,new ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 #fef;a4 ,black-front$ ,w>bl] 7,d4 a4 nigrifrons74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fef1 b ,ad4 ,male4 ) =ehead1 sides ( cr[n1 & e>s black2 back black1 n>r[ly m>g9$ ) blui% gray4 ,9 w9t]4 ,blui% gray1 n br[ni% above4 ,ad4 ,female d>k]1 m heavily /reak$ ) black above4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #feg4 #feg4 ,magnolia ,w>bl] 7,d5droica maculosa74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,rump yell[2 se5 f bel[ a :ite b& across middle ( tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n a%y1 back black2 w+-cov]ts broadly :ite2 bel[ yell[ /reak$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,dull]2 few] black /ripes bel[2 w+-b>s sep>at$1 n>r[4 ,yng4 & ,ad 9 w9t]4 ,cr[n & sides ( head br[ni% a%y1 back olive-gre52 bel[ yell[1 sides occasionally /reak$4 ,notes4 ,song1 a l\d1 cle> :i/le1 *ee-to1 *ee-to1 *ee-tee-ee1 utt]$ rapidly & ) a fall+ inflection1 7,langille47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ 9 migrations1 to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,mi*igan 7& s\? along ! ,alleghanies to ,p5nsylvania71 nor? to ,quebec & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ffc4 #ffc4 ,yell[-?roat$ ,w>bl] 7,d5droica dom9ica74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ads4 ,?roat & l9e f bill to eye yell[2 *eeks & =ehead black2 back blui% gray2 two broad :ite w+-b>s2 tail-pat*es :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 l\d1 r++ & v5triloquial2 sugge/+ t ( ,indigo ,bunt+ b %ort]4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida nor? to ,virg9ia & w9t]s f ,florida s\? into ,we/ ,indies4 #ffc;a4 ,sycamore ,w>bl] 7,d4 d4 albilora74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ffc1 b bill small]1 l9e f eye to bill :ite or ) b traces ( yell[4 ,range4--,mississippi ,valley2 bre$s f ,texas nor? to ,kansas1 s\!rn ,indiana1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ffd4 #ffd4 ,grace ,w>bl] 7,d5droica graci,a74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & l9e ov] eye yell[2 *eeks gray2 above gray1 cr[n & back ) black /reaks2 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b dull]1 back sometimes br[ni%4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico1 nor? to ,new ,mexico1 s\?we/]n ,colorado1 & ,arizona4 #fhf4 ,canadian ,w>bl] 7,wilsonia canad5sis74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a necklace ( black spots on brea/2 back gray2 belly yell[2 =ehead black4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,black areas small]4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,slightly yell[i% above2 necklace slightly indicat$ by dusky spots4 ,notes4 ,song1 tu-tu1 tswe1 tu1 tu1 long] or %ort] & sugge/+ 9 /yle ( utt]ance bo? ! ,yell[ ,w>bl] & ,goldf9*4 7,jones47 7,see page #aij47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,massa*usetts1 c5tral ,new ,york1 & nor!rn ,mi*igan nor? to ,labrador & ,manitoba1 & s\? along ! ,alleghanies to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fdj4 #fdj4 ,ba*man ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila ba*manii74 ,l4 #d4b4 ,out] tail-fea!rs usually ) a :ite pat* m or less di/9ct4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/-pat* & cr[n-b& black2 =ehead1 *9 & belly yell[2 back olive-gre51 h9dhead grayi%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% olive-gre51 head gray]2 bel[ d+y grayi% ) a yell[ t+e4 ,notes4 ,song1 :5 migrat+1 resembles t ( ,p>ula ,w>bl]1 7,brew/]72 :5 bre$+1 t ( ,worm-eat+ ,w>bl]1 ,junco or ,*ippy4 7,widmann74 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ,l\isiana1 nor? to ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,indiana2 r>e on ,atlantic coa/2 kn[n to bre$ only 9 ,miss\ri2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #fda4 #fda4 ,blue-w+$ ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila p9us74 ,l4 #d4h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & und]p>ts yell[2 back olive-gre52 a black /ripe ?r\gh eye2 two :iti% w+-b>s2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite pat*es4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 less yell[ on head1 dull] bel[4 ,notes4 ,song1 a :eezy1 swee-*ee1 ! fir/ inhal$1 ! second exhal$2 also1 lat]1 w,ae,ae1 *i-*i-*i-*i1 ch,ar1 ch,ae,ae-ch,ar4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,connecticut & ,m9nesota1 occasionally w&]s to ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #fgj4 #fgj4 ,kirtl& ,w>bl] 7,d5droica kirtl&i74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above blui% gray /reak$ ) black2 bel[ pale yell[1 sides /reak$ ) black2 w+-b>s grayi%2 tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b br[n]4 ,notes4 ,song1 said to resemble t ( ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat & also t ( ,yell[-?roat$ ,w>bl]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 has be5 f\nd f ,april to ,octob] 9 ,unit$ ,/ates z foll[s3 9 ,florida1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia1 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,ohio1 ,m9nesota1 ,mi*igan1 & ,ont>io1 9 all "s tw5ty odd specim5s2 f\nd bre$+ 9 summ] ( #aijc 9 ,oscoda ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan2 w9t]s 9 ,bahamas :]e "s fifty specim5s h be5 tak54 ,illu/ration3 #fga4 #fga4 ,p9e ,w>bl] 7,d5droica vigorsii74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & brea/ gre5i% yell[2 above bright yell[i% gre52 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b brea/ dull]1 back br[n]4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male1 b br[n]4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,bel[ buffy :ite1 brea/ slightly or n all yell[i%2 back olive-br[n4 ,notes4 ,song1 sugge/+ a ,*ipp+ ,sp>r['s b m musical4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,new ,brunswick1 ,m9nesota1 & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois to ,gulf ,/ates4 #fif4 ,sib]ian ,yell[ ,wagtail 7,budytes flavus leuco/riatus74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n blui% slate1 a :ite l9e ov] eye2 back olive-gre52 bel[ yell[2 w+-b>s yell[i%2 out] tail-fea!rs l>gely :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b dull]1 head & w+-b>s br[n]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 pl,a7,c7-pl,a7,c7-ple2 song1 a l[1 cle>1 m$ley ( j+l+ notes utt]$ on ! w+4 7,nelson47 7,see page #aia47 ,range4--,*9a1 ,ea/]n ,sib]ia1 & ,b]+ ,sea portion ( ea/]n ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #ebi4 #ebi4 ,am]ican ,goldf9* 7,a/ragal9us tri/is74 ,l4 #e4a2 ,w4 #b4h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,yell[1 cap1 w+s & tail black2 w+-cov]ts1 second>ies & inn] m>g9s ( tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,above grayi% olive-br[n2 bel[ buffy :iti%2 ?roat yell[i%2 w+s & tail dull] ?an 9 male2 :ite tips to tail n di/9ct4 ,yng4 ,male & ,ad4 ,male 9 w9t]4 ,simil> to ,female b w+s & tail black2 :ite m>k+s gray] ?an 9 summ]4 ,notes4 ,calls1 :5 p]*+1 he> me1 he> me1 de>ie1 s(t & sweet1 :5 fly+1 p]-*ic'-o-ree2 p]-*ic'-o-ree2 song1 sweet1 rapid1 v>i$ & can>y-l4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri nor? to ,labrador & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,gulf ,/ates4 #ebi;a4 ,we/]n ,goldf9* 7,a4 t4 pallidus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebi1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4je4 ,ad4 ,male1 9 summ]1 simil> 9 color to ,no4 #ebi4 ,female & ,male1 9 w9t]4 ,mu* pal]1 ! :ite areas great] 9 ext5t4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f nor!rn ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 #ebi;b4 ,cali=nia ,goldf9* 7,a4 t4 salicamans74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ebi1 b w+s & tail %ort] & color d>k]4 ,ad4 ,male 9 summ]4 ,) back always 787 t+$ ) pale olive-gre52 9 w9t] d>k] ?an ,no4 #ebi1 b ) :ite areas z l>ge z 9 #ebi;a4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ! ,si]ra1 s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 #ecj4 #ecj4 ,arkansas ,goldf9* 7,a/ragal9us psaltria74 ,l4 #d4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cap1 w+s1 & tail black1 mo/ ( prim>ies & tail :ite basally2 back & *eeks olive-gre51 (t5 m>k$ ) black2 bel[ yell[ ,ad4 ,female4 ,no black cap2 above olive-gre52 bel[ dull yell[i%2 w+s & tail br[ni% black1 =m] ) :ite mu* r$uc$1 latt] ) little or no :ite4 ,yng4 ,resemble female4 ,notes4 ,call1 se-e-e-ep2 song1 sweet1 v>i$ & musical4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia & we/]n ,texas1 nor? to ,colorado1 s\!rn ,idaho1 & ,oregon2 w9t]s f ! s\!rn "p ( its bre$+ range s\?w>d4 #ecj;b4 ,mexican ,goldf9* 7,a4 p4 mexicanus74 ,resembles ,no4 #ecj1 b *eeks & entire upp]p>ts black2 ,female z 9 ,no4 #ecj4 ,range4--,mexico1 nor? to s\!rn ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #fhe4 #fhe4 ,wilson ,w>bl] 7,wilsonia pusilla74 ,l4 #e4 ,no :ite 9 plumage4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n %9+ black2 =ehead1 *eeks & und]p>ts yell[2 back olive-gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b cr[n-pat* (t5 small]1 sometimes abs5t4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,cr[n-pat* abs5t4 ,notes4 ,song1 't%-'tsk-'t%-'t%ea4 7,nuttall47 ,sugge/s t ( ,r$/>t or ,yell[ ,w>bl]4 7,m9ot47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,nova ,scotia1 nor!a/]n ,ma9e1 & ,ont>io nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica2 occasional dur+ migration 9 ,colorado444 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 di/rict 7,ridgw47 7,see page #aib47 #fhe;a4 ,pileolat$ ,w>bl] 7,w4 p4 pileolata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fhe1 b yell[ deep]1 olive bright]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$+ ?r\gh\t ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 di/rict f we/]n ,texas 9 high] m\nta9s1 nor?w>d to ,alaska1 coa/ & int]ior2 we/w>d to ea/]n ,oregon & ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s2 9 migrations ov] all ( we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & ea/ to ,m9nesota2 9 w9t] s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 7,ridgw47 7,see page #aib47 #fhe;b4 ,gold5 ,pileolat$ ,w>bl] 7,w4 p4 *ryseola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fhe;a1 b /ill bright]1 ri*] yell[2 =ehead ne>ly orange2 back bright] gre54 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 9 migration ea/ to ea/]n ,oregon2 s\? to ,*ihuahua & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 7,see page #aib47 ,illu/ration3 #fgg4 #fgg4 ,k5tucky ,w>bl] 7,geo?lypis =mosa74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,no :ite 9 plumage4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,*eeks & cr[n black ! latt] tipp$ ) a%y2 back olive-gre52 a yell[ l9e ov] eye2 bel[ bright yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b less black 9 cr[n & on *eeks2 yell[ dull]4 ,notes4 ,song1 a l\d musical :i/le1 turdle1 turdle1 turdle1 sugge/+ notes ( ,c>ol9a ,wr54 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to l[] ,hudson ,valley1 s\!rn ,mi*igan & ea/]n ,nebraska2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fha4 #fha4 ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat 7,geo?lypis tri*as74 ,l4 #e4b2 ,w4 #b4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,=ehead & *eeks black1 bord]$ beh9d by a%y2 back olive-gre52 ?roat & brea/ yell[1 belly :iti% wa%$ ) yell[1 sides br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no black mask2 above dull olive-gre51 =ehead br[ni%2 ?roat & brea/ m or less wa%$ ) yell[1 belly :iti%1 sides br[ni%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male1 b br[n]2 brea/ yell[2 *eeks & =ehead ) m or less half-conceal$ black4 ,notes4 ,calls1 pit1 *it1 or *ack2 song1 v>iable1 (t5 wi*ity1 wi*ity1 wi*ity4 ,range4--,atlantic ,coa/ di/rict ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$+ 9 ,virg9ia1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,m>yl& & s\!rn ,p5nsylvania 7,c>lisle71 probably also 9 ,delaw>e & s\!rn ,new ,j]sey & 9 upl& portions ( ,c>ol9as & ,georgia2 444 s\? 9 w9t] to ,bahamas 444 7,ridgw47 #fha;a4 ,we/]n ,yell[-?roat 7,g4 t4 occid5talis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fha;d1 b yell[ bel[ ri*]1 bord] ( mask :it] & broad]4 ,range4--,arid we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 ea/ to we/]n portions ( ,great ,pla9s1 nor? to ,montana & ea/]n ,wa%+ton 7872 we/ to s\!rn ,cali=nia3 bre$+ s\?w>d to nor!rn ,*ihuahua & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia2 s\?w>d 9 w9t] to we/]n ,mexico & ,cape ,/4 ,lucas4 7,ridgw47 #fha;b4 ,florida ,yell[-?roat 7,g4 t4 ignota74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fha;d1 b yell[ bel[ m ext5d$ & deep]1 sides br[n]2 black mask wid]2 upp]p>ts1 especially h9dhead1 br[n]4 ,range4--,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,coa/ di/ricts ( ,unit$ ,/ates f s\!a/]n ,virg9ia to ,florida & we/w>d along ,gulf l[l&s to ea/]n ,texas2 w9t]s f at lea/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a s\?w>d2 also 9 ,cuba4 7,ridgw47 #fha;c4 ,pacific ,yell[-?roat 7,g4 t4 arizela74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fha;a1 b bill small]1 w+s & tail %ort]1 color dull]1 :iti% m>g9 ( mask n>r[]1 yell[ usually less orange2 ,w4 #b4b2 ,t4 #b4a4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/ di/rict1 f ,briti% ,columbia s\?w>d2 bre$+ s\?w>d to ,los ,angeles ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia1 & ea/w>d to ,=t ,klama?1 ,oregon2 dur+ migration to ,cape ,/4 ,lucas4 7,ridgw47 #fha;d4 ,nor!rn ,yell[-?roat 7,g4 t4 bra*idactyla74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fha1 b av]ag+ l>g]2 ,w4 #b4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,m yell[ bel[1 m olive-gre5 above4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,usually ) yell[ bel[ bright] & m ext5d$4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey to ,newf\ndl&2 we/ to nor!rn ,ont>io & ea/]n ,dakota1 & s\? ?r\gh ,mississippi ,valley to upl& di/ricts ( ! ,gulf ,/ates & ea/ c5tral ,texas2 9 w9t] ,bahamas1 ,mexico1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 7,ridgw47 #fha;e4 ,salt ,m>% ,yell[-?roat 7,g4 t4 s9uosa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fha;c1 b mu* small] & slightly d>k]1 especially on sides & flanks2 ,w4 #b4a4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,salt ,m>%es ( ,san ,francisco ,bay1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fhb4 #fhb4 ,beld+ ,yell[-?roat 7,geo?lypis beld+i74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black mask cross+ head diagonally bord]$ beh9d by yell[2 re/ ( plumage mu* z 9 ,no4 #fha;a4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,male ( ,no4 #fha1 b l>g]4 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fhb4a4 #fhb4a4 ,rio ,gr&e ,yell[-?roat 7,geo?lypis poliocephala74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,lores & =ehead black1 cr[n gray1 back olive-gre52 und]p>ts yell[4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley 9 ,texas & s\?w>d into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fde4 #fde4 ,na%ville ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila rubricapilla74 ,l4 #d4h4 ,no w+-b>s2 no :ite 9 tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a *ocolate cr[n-pat*2 re/ ( head & *eeks blui% gray2 a :ite eye-r+2 back olive-gre52 bel[ bright yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b little or no *ocolate 9 cr[n2 yell[ dull]4 ,yng4 ,head br[ni%2 und]p>ts wa%$ ) br[ni%1 p>ticul>ly on ?roat & flanks4 ,notes4 ,song1 ke-tsee-ke-tsee-ke-tsee-*ip-ee1 *ip-ee-*ip-ee-*ip1 fir/ half l ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl]'s1 second half l ,*ipp+ ,sp>r['s4 7,langille47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f s\!rn ,new ,york1 ,connecticut1 & nor!rn ,ill9ois1 nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 #fde;a4 ,calav]as ,w>bl] 7,h4 r4 gutturalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fde1 b rump bright]2 und]p>ts ri*] yell[4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s on high m\nta9s1 f ! ,si]ra ,nevada to ,briti% ,columbia1 ea/ to ea/]n ,oregon1 nor!rn ,idaho2 s\? 9 migration to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,mexico2 s\!a/ to ,texas4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #fdh4 #fdh4 ,p>ula ,w>bl] 7,compso?lypis am]icana74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,w4 #b4c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above grayi% blue1 a yell[i% pat* 9 ! back2 brea/ yell[ wa%$ ) *e/nut & ) an indi/9ct blacki% b&2 belly1 w+-b>s1 spot ne> tip ( out] tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,pal]1 brea/ )\t black1 sometimes no *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,a %ort1 little1 guttural1 lisp+ trill4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf /ates ea/ ( ,texas nor? ne> ! ,atlantic coa/ to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ,ill9ois 7,brew/472 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 #fdh;a4 ,nor!rn ,p>ula ,w>bl] 7,c4 a4 usne,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fdh1 b bill av]ag+ slightly small]1 ! w+ long]1 #b4d2 black brea/-b& av]ag+ wid]2 ! *e/nut wa% /rong]4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york & we/ along ! nor!rn ti] ( /ates1 nor? into ,m>itime ,prov9ces & ,canada2 w9t]s f ,gulf /ates s\?w>d4 #fdi4 ,s5nett ,w>bl] 7,compso?lypis nigrilora74 ,l4 #d4e4 ,simil> to ,no4 #fdh1 b yell[ bel[ rea*+ to belly2 brea/ )\t black & ) only a slight br[ni% wa%2 lores & e>-cov]ts black4 ,notes4 ,song probably resembles t ( ,no4 #fdh4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley s\? into ea/]n ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gdf4 #gdf4 ,v]d9 7,aurip>us flaviceps74 ,l4 #d4b2 ,w4 #b4b2 ,t4 #a4i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & ?roat yell[2 =ehead usually ) "s conceal$ orange-br[n2 less] w+-cov]ts r$di% *e/nut2 back br[ni% gray2 belly :iti%4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,simil>1 b less yell[4 ,range4--,s\!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & nor!rn ,mexico f s\!rn ,texas to s\!rn ,cali=nia2 nor? to s\?we/]n ,utah & s\!rn ,nevada4 #gdf;a4 ,baird ,v]d9 7,a4 f4 lamprocephalus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdf1 b tail %ort]2 w+ some:at %ort]2 yell[ ( head bright]2 ,w4 #b4j2 ,t4 #a4f4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fej4 #fej4 ,cape ,may ,w>bl] 7,d5droica tigr9a74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,e>-cov]ts & wa% on ?roat *e/nut2 cr[n blacki%2 back olive-gre5 ) black spots2 bel[ yell[ /reak$ ) black2 w+-cov]ts broadly :ite2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,dull]2 cr[n l back2 no *e/nut4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,above olive-gray2 bel[ :iti% fa9tly t+$ ) yell[2 w+-b>s1 n>r[4 ,notes4 ,song1 a wiry a-wit1 a wit1 a-wit1 a-wit1 repeat$4 7,butl]47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 r>ely1 & ,manitoba nor? to ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #feb4 #feb4 ,yell[ ,w>bl] 7,d5droica ,a/iva74 ,l4 #e4a4 ,inn] vanes ( tail-fea!rs yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n yell[1 back bright yell[i% gre52 bel[ yell[ ?ickly /reak$ ) r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 & ,yng4 ,male4 ,dull] above1 cr[n l back2 bel[ mu* pal]1 few or no /reaks4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,simil> to la/ b /ill dull]4 ,notes4 ,song1 a r l\d wee-*ee1 *ee1 *ee1 *]-wee1 v>iable 9 =m b recognizable 9 tone4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 except ,alaska1 ,pacific coa/ f ,vanc\v] nor?1 & s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates 7we/]n ,texas to ,arizona74 7,ridgw472 bre$s ?r\gh\t mo/ ( its range1 & w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #feb;a4 ,sonora ,yell[ ,w>bl] 7,d4 ,a4 sonorana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #feb1 b ,male mu* yell[]1 less gre5 above1 ! cr[n & rump bright yell[2 bel[ bright] yell[1 r$di% br[n /reaks n>r[]1 few] sometimes almo/ want+4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,male ( ,no4 #feb1 b gray] above & :it] bel[4 ,range--,nor!rn ,mexico2 bre$+ nor? to we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 #feb;b4 ,alaskan ,yell[ ,w>bl] 7,d4 ,a4 rubig9osa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #feb1 b ,male d>k] above1 ! cr[n ( ab\t ! same color z back2 ,female dull]4 ,range4--,bre$s on ,pacific coa/ f ,vanc\v] nor?w>d & 9 ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #fec4 #fec4 ,mangrove ,w>bl] 7,d5droica bryanti ca/aneiceps74 ,l4 #e4 ,inn] vanes ( tail-fea!rs yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ole head r$di% *e/nut2 back olive-gre52 bel[ yell[ lightly /reak$ ) r$di% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,olive-gre5 above2 yell[ bel[4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,pacific coa/ ( ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fgb4 #fgb4 ,palm ,w>bl] 7,d5droica palm>um74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,no :ite w+-b>s2 tail pat*es :ite4 ,ads4 ,cr[n d>k *e/nut2 l9e ov] eye1 ?roat1 & brea/ yell[2 brea/ & sides ) r$di% br[n /reaks2 belly mu* pal]1 (t5 grayi% wa%$ ) yell[2 back olive-br[n2 rump bright]4 ,ad4 9 ,w9t] & ,yng4 ,no cr[n-pat*2 above grayi% olive-br[n indi/9ctly /reak$2 rump yell[i%2 bel[ grayi% :ite wa%$ ) yell[ & /reak$ ) br[ni%2 "u tail cov]ts bright yell[4 ,notes4 ,call1 a recognizable *ip2 song1 a %ort1 simple trill4 ,range--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica we/ ( ,hudson ,bay2 migrates s\? ?r\gh ,mississippi ,valley & r>ely nor? ,atlantic ,/ates2 w9t]s 9 ,florida & ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 #fgc4 #fgb;a4 ,yell[ ,palm ,w>bl] 7,d4 p4 hypo*rysea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fgb1 b und]p>ts entirely bright yell[2 upp]p>ts yell[]4 ,w9t] specim5s are :it] bel[ b are /ill conspicu\sly yell[4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,nova ,scotia nor?w>d1 ea/ ( ,hudson ,bay2 migrates ?r\gh ,atlantic ,/ates & w9t]s 9 ,florida & we/ to ,l\isiana4 #fgc4 99 ,prairie ,w>bl] 7,d5droica discolor74 ,l4 #d4g4 ,w+-b>s yell[i%2 tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above bright olive-gre5 ) r$di% *e/nut spots 9 ! back2 bel[ yell[1 sides ) black /reaks4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b usually dull]2 *e/nut spots small]1 sometimes abs5t4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female ,ad41 b br[n]4 ,notes4 ,song1 a high1 ?9 zee1 zee1 zee1 zee1 zee-e1 zee1 ! next to la/ highe/4 7,see page #aif47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida to ,massa*usetts1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 & s\!rn ,mi*igan2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida into ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,illu/ration3 ,lawr5ce ,w>bl]4 ,lawr5ce ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila lawr5cei74 ,resembles ,no4 #fda1 b has a black brea/ pat* & a broad black /ripe ?r\gh ! eye z 9 ,no4 #fdb4 ,x is believ$ to be a hybrid betwe5 ! two4 ,"s #ae specim5s are kn[n4 ,its notes are said to resemble ^? ( bo? ,no4 #fdb & ,no4 #fda4 ,illu/ration3 ,brew/] ,w>bl]4 ,brew/] ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila leucobron*ialis74 ,resembles ,no4 #fdb above1 b is :ite usually t+$ ) yell[ bel[1 ?is type be+ connect$ ) ,no4 #fda1 by specim5s %[+ m gre5 above & yell[ bel[4 ,hybridism & di*romatism are believ$ to acc\nt = ^! birds ( :i* some:at ov] a hundr$ specim5s are kn[n1 *iefly f ! l[] ,hudson & ,connecticut ,valleys4 ,"s songs resemble ^? ( ,no4 #fdb1 o!rs ^? ( #fda4 ,illu/ration3 #fdd4 #fdd4 ,virg9ia ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila virgini,a74 ,l4 #d4e4 ,no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above gray1 cr[n-pat* *ocolate2 upp] tail-cov]ts yell[i%2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/-pat* & "u tail-cov]ts yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b less 7sometimes no7 *ocolate 9 cr[n & yell[ on tail-cov]ts2 dull] bel[4 ,yng4 ,no cr[n pat*2 bel[ wa%$ ) buff1 little or no yell[ on brea/4 ,notes4 ,v musical1 ) a song ( rem>kable fullness = s small a bird4 7,aitk547 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f ,nevada & ,colorado 7r>ely ,wyom+7 s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fee4 #fee4 ,myrtle ,w>bl] 7,d5droica coronata74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,cr[n1 sides ( brea/ & rump yell[4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above blue-gray /reak$ ) black2 ?roat :ite1 brea/ l>gely black2 two :ite w+-b>s2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[n] above1 less black on brea/4 ,male 9 w9t]4 ,above br[n1 back indi/9ctly /reak$ ) black2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b less yell[ on cr[n & sides4 ,notes4 ,call1 a *>act]i/ic t*ip2 song1 a trill4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ 9 migrations1 to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& & nor!rn ,m9nesota nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts & ,kansas s\? into ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fei4 #fei4 ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] 7,d5droica p5sylvanica74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,sides *e/nut1 cr[n yell[2 back /reak$ black & gre5i% yell[2 *eek-pat* & sides ( ?roat black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n dull]2 *e/nut & black r$uc$4 ,yng4 ,above bright yell[-gre51 back ) or )\t black spots2 bel[ grayi% :ite1 sides sometimes ) traces ( *e/nut2 w+-b>s yell[i% :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 resembles t ( ,yell[ ,w>bl]4 7,see page #aig47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey & ,c5tral ,ill9ois nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,manitoba 7& s\? 9 ! ,alleghanies to ,s\? ,c>ol9a72 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fjd4 #fjd4 ,dickcissel 7,spiza am]icana74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/1 b5d ( w+1 l9e ov] eye & at side ( ?roat yell[2 ?roat-pat* black2 less] w+-cov]ts r$di% *e/nut2 no :ite 9 tail4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,less yell[ & *e/nut1 no black on ?roat4 ,notes4 ,song1 an e>ne/1 b unmusical dick1 dick1 *e-*e-*e1 *e4 ,range4--,middle ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,rockies1 we/ ( ,alleghanies1 bre$s f ,alabama & ,texas to ,m9nesota2 casual 9 ,atlantic ,/ates2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fah4 #fah4 ,bohemian ,waxw+ 7,ampelis g>rulus74 ,l4 #h4 ,cre/$4 ,ads4 ,br[ni% gray2 "u tail-cov]ts1 =ecr[n & sides ( ?roat *e/nut-ruf\s2 ?roat & eye-/ripe black2 w+-quills & prim>y cov]ts tipp$ ) :ite or yell[2 second>ies usually ) r$ tips2 tail tipp$ ) yell[4 ,range4--,nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 bre$s 9 f> nor?2 w9t]s s\? irregul>ly to nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 casually to ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 ,kansas1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fai4 #fai4 ,c$> ,waxw+ 7,ampelis c$rorum74 ,l4 #g4 ,cre/$4 ,ads4 ,grayi% br[n2 belly yell[i%2 "u tail-cov]ts :ite2 no :ite tips on w+-quills2 second>ies ) r$ tips2 tail tipp$ ) yell[ & r>ely ) r$ tips4 ,notes4 ,a f9e1 lisp+ note2 a /r+ ( notes usually utt]$ :5 tak+ flight4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica3 bre$s f ,virg9ia & ! highl&s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,kansas1 & ,oregon1 nor? to ,labrador & s\!rn ,alaska 7872 w9t]s f nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fbh4 #fbh4 ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireo 7,vireo flavifrons74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ bright yell[1 belly :ite2 above bright olive-gre51 rump gray2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,call1 a scold+ cack2 song l ,r$-eye's b ri*]1 m delib]ate1 see me2 ,i'm "h2 :]e are y8 9 v>y+ =ms2 also a mell[ trill4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas to ,newf\ndl& & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fhc4 #fhc4 ,yell[-brea/$ ,*at 7,ict]ia vir5s74 ,l4 #g4e2 ,t4 #c4jg4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ bright yell[2 l[] belly :ite2 above olive-gre52 l9e ov] eye & at side ( ?roat :ite4 ,notes4 ,call1 a gasp+1 mew+ ke,a-yuck & *ut1 *ut2 song1 ( :i/les1 caws & *ucks1 sometimes utt]$ 9 flight4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f nor!a/]n ,mexico 7b n 9 ,florida87 nor? to ,s\? ,dakota1 s\!rn ,m9nesota1 & ,massa*usetts 7locally72 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #fhc;a4 ,long-tail$ ,*at 7,i4 v4 longicauda74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fhc1 b gray] above2 tail slightly long]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,mexico nor? to ,nor? ,dakota & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dig4 #dig4 ,yell[-head$ ,blackbird 7,xan?ocephalus xan?ocephalus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black2 head & brea/ orange yell[2 out] w+-cov]ts :ite1 black tipp$4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[ni%1 l9e ov] eye1 ?roat & brea/ dull yell[1 l[] brea/ /reak$ ) :ite2 e>-cov]ts ru/y4 ,notes4 ,call1 a ho>se *uck2 song1 a v>iety ( ho>se grunt+1 guttural :i/les2 usually utt]$ ) app>5t great ef=t & bodily contortion4 ,! "y utt] a roll+1 :i/l+ call4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/ to ,kansas1 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & nor?we/]n ,indiana2 we/ to ! ,pacific coa/ ranges2 bre$s locally f ,texas 7871 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & ,s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ! ,hudson ,bay region1 & s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\?we/]n ,l\isiana1 & ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #eja4 #eja4 ,mead[l>k 7,/urnella magna74 ,l4 #aj4g2 ,w4 #d4h4 ,ads4 ,above black v>i$ ) *e/nut & buff2 bel[ yell[1 a black brea/-cresc5t2 b>s on middle tail-fea!rs fus$ along %aft1 yell[ ( ?roat n spread+ on to its sides4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a nasal note & a roll+ twitt]2 song1 a high fife l :i/le ( r>ely m ?an eight or t5 notes2 )\t gurgles or grace notes4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg41 nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts & ,ill9ois s\?w>d4 #eja;a4 ,texas ,mead[l>k 7,s4 m4 hoopesi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eja;b1 b yell[ n spread+ on to sides ( ! ?roat4 ,notes4 ,resemble 9 "* ^? ( ,no4 #eja4 ,range4--,n well det]m9$2 kn[n f ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ,texas1 we/ along ,mexican b\nd>y to s\!rn ,arizona & nor!rn ,sonora1 ,mexico4 #eja;b4 ,we/]n ,mead[l>k 7,s4 m4 neglecta74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eja1 b b>s on middle tail-fea!rs usually di/9ct1 n conflu5t along %aft2 yell[ ( ?roat spread+ on to its sides2 g5]al color pal]4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a liquid ch,ack & a wood51 roll+ b-r-r-r-r-r-r-r2 song1 ri*1 musical1 flute-l ) intricate gurgles & grace notes2 :olly unlike t ( ,no4 #eja4 #eja;c4 ,florida ,mead[l>k 7,s4 m4 argutula74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eia1 b small] & d>k]2 ,w4 #d4d4 ,range4--,florida & ,gulf coa/ to ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 #ead4 #ead4 ,ev5+ ,grosbeak 7,hesp]iphona vesp]t9a74 ,l4 #h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,br[ni% yell[2 w+s1 tail1 & cr[n black2 expos$ "p ( t]tials :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,d+y br[ni% gray1 m or less t+$ ) yell[i%2 ?roat & belly :iti%2 tail-cov]ts & tail-fea!rs1 on inn] web1 tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,call1 l\d2 song1 %ort1 b melodi\s1 resembl+ t ( ,rob9 or ,black-head$ ,grosbeak4 7,coop]47 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region ( ,briti% ,am]ica1 s\?1 9 w9t]1 to ! upp] ,mississippi ,valley1 r>ely to ,ohio & casually ?r\gh ,new ,york to ,new ,engl&4 #ead;a4 ,we/]n ,ev5+ ,grosbeak 7,h4 v4 montana74 ,male n di/+ui%able f ,female ( ,no4 #ead2 ,female m buffy1 especially bel[4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ,new ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia4 ,,ea/]n ,,horn$ ,,l>ks4 ,illu/ration3 #dgd4 #dgd;,a4 ,horn$ ,l>k 7,otocoris alpe/ris74 ,l4 #g4g1 ,w4 ,male1 #d4c2 ,female1 #d4a4 ,h9d toe-nail mu* ! longe/4 ,ad4 ,male1 w9t]4 ,?roat & l9e ov] eye di/9ctly yell[2 black fea!rs ov] eye l5g!n$1 =m+ :5 rais$ little tufts2 brea/-pat*1 sides ( ?roat1 l9e ov] eye & =ecr[n black1 m or less tipp$1 especially on head1 ) yell[i% or br[ni%2 back br[ni% indi/9ctly /reak$ ) blacki%2 nape1 w+ & tail-cov]ts p9ki% br[n2 belly :ite1 l[] brea/ dusky1 sides p9ki% br[n2 tail mo/ly black1 out] m>g9 ( out] fea!rs :ite4 ,male1 summ]4 ,yell[ areas :it]2 black areas m di/9ct2 back p9k]4 ,ad4 ,female1 w9t]4 ,simil> to ,male1 b ?roat & l9e ov] eye less yell[2 black areas small]2 back m di/9ctly /reak$4 ,female1 summ]4 ,m di/9ctly /reak$ above4 ,notes4 ,call1 a tseep1 tseep2 song1 an unmusical1 twitt]+ w>ble sung dur+ so>+ flight4 ,a ,f\rte5 subspecies ( ?is wide-rang+1 v>iable =m are n[ recogniz$ 9 ,am]ica1 nor? ( ,mexico4 ,_m ( !m are too closely relat$ to be di/+ui%$ ev5 by detail$ descriptions4 ,:5 bre$+1 !y may be id5tifi$1 9 life1 by a k ( ! area :i* ea* =m alone inhabits at ?is season4 ,b dur+ _! migrations1 & 9 w9t]1 :5 sev]al =ms may be associat$1 x is usually n possible to id5tify !m 9 ! field4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to admirable monographs ( ?is gr\p by ,j4 ,dwight1 ,jr4 7,! ,auk1 vii1 #ahij1 pp4 #ach-aej71 & ,h4 ,c4 ,ob]hols] 7,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 xxiv1 #aijb1 pp4 #hja-hhd74 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,labrador & region ea/ ( ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7*iefly on coa/7 & 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley to ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 #dgd;b4 #dgd;b4 ,prairie ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 praticola74 ,w4 ,male #d2 ,female1 #c4h4 ,l9e ov] eye :ite4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgd1 b small]1 l9e ov] eye & =ehead g5]ally :ite1 ! ?roat (t5 :ite & nev] s yell[ z 9 w9t] specim5s ( ,no4 #dgd4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 s\? to s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri we/ to ea/]n ,nebraska & ,ass9iboia2 ea/ ?r\gh nor?we/]n ,p5nsylvania & c5tral ,new ,york to we/]n & nor!rn ,new ,engl&2 nor? to ,quebec & ,ont>io2 w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,k5tucky1 & ,texas4 #dgd;d4 ,texan ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 giraudi74 ,w4 ,male #c4i2 ,female1 #c4f4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgd;b1 b some:at small] & pal]2 ?roat1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye yell[2 brea/1 9 males1 g5]ally t+$ ) yell[4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,texas f ,galve/on to ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,,nor!rn ,,horn$ ,,l>ks4 #dgd;a4 ,pallid ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 arcticola74 ,w4 ,male1 #d4d2 ,female1 #d4b4 ,l>ge/ ( our ,horn$ ,l>ks2 no yell[ 9 plumage2 ?roat1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye :ite2 back br[n ) grayi% edg+s4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 ,alaska 7*iefly 9 ! int]ior7 ) ! ,valley ( ! ,upp] ,yukon ,riv]2 9 w9t] s\? to ,oregon1 ,utah1 & ,montana4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgdk4 ,hoyt ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 hoyti74 ,w4 ,male1 #d4d2 ,female1 #d4b4 ,?roat t+$ ) yell[2 l9e ov] eye :ite2 back d>k]1 p9k areas ri*] ?an 9 #dgd;a4 ,an int]m$iate =m betwe5 ,nos4 #dgd & #dgd;a4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 ,briti% ,am]ica f ! we/ %ore ( ,hudson ,bay to ! ,valley ( ! ,mack5zie ,riv]1 nor? to ! ,arctic ,coa/1 s\? to ,lake ,a?abasca2 9 w9t]1 s\?w>d to ,nevada1 ,utah1 ,kansas1 & ,mi*igan1 casually to ,ohio & ,new ,york 7,long ,isl&74 7,ob]hols]47 ,,we/]n ,,horn$ ,,l>ks4 ,illu/ration3 #dgd;c4 #dgd;c4 ,des]t ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 leucol,ama74 ,w4 ,male1 #d4a2 ,female1 #c4h4 ,=ehead & l9e ov] eye v slightly1 (t5 n at all1 t+$ ) yell[2 ?roat yell[2 back br[n edg$ ) p9ki% gray2 resembles ,no4 #dgd;b1 b is pal] & less di/9ctly /reak$ above4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f c5tral ,dakota1 we/]n ,kansas & we/]n ,nebraska to ,idaho & ,nevada1 nor? on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,alb]ta2 9 w9t]1 s\? to ,texas1 ,*ihuahua1 ,sonora1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgd;e4 ,cali=nia ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 actia74 ,w4 ,male1 #c4i2 ,female1 #c4f4 ,male1 summ]4 ,back ( head & nape1 spread+ on to sides ( brea/1 p9ki% c9namon2 back di/9ctly /reak$ ) br[ni% black2 ?roat always1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye usually t+$ ) yell[4 ,male1 w9t]4 ,less di/9ctly /reak$ above2 c9namon areas pal] & ) grayi% tips2 black areas m or less tipp$ ) yell[i%4 ,female1 summ]4 ,cr[n & back uni=mly /reak$ ) blacki% m>g9$ ) p9ki% gray4 ,female1 w9t]4 ,less di/9ctly /reak$2 black areas tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor?1 we/ ( ! ,si]ra1 to ,m>9 & ,san ,joaqu9 ,c\nties1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dgd;f4 #dgd;f4 ,ruddy ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 rubea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgb;e1 b nape region1 sides ( brea/1 etc41 mu* deep] 9 color1 deep] ?an 9 any o!r ( our ,horn$ ,l>ks2 back less di/9ctly /reak$ ) blacki% & m ruddy 9 tone1 n %>ply def9$ f nape2 yell[ areas ri*] 9 color4 ,range4--,sacram5to ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dgd;g4 #dgd;g4 ,/reak$ ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 /rigata74 ,c9namon areas less ext5sive b ne>ly z deeply color$ z 9 ,no4 #dgd;f2 back di/9ctly & widely /reak$ ) blacki%2 =ehead1 l9e ov] eye1 ?roat & brea/ wa%$ ) yell[4 ,range--,9 summ]1 ! /ates ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton we/ ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s2 9 w9t]1 to ea/]n ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 s\? to nor!rn ,cali=nia4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgd;h4 ,scor*$ ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 adu/a74 ,w4 ,male1 #d2 ,female1 #c4h4 ,ne>e/ to ,no4 #dgdl1 b ! male diff]s 9 be+ ne>ly uni=m p9ki% br[n above1 back ) only a few indi/9ct br[ni% /reaks2 color deep]1 br[n]1 m ruddy4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 ! c5tral "p ( extreme s\!rn ,arizona2 9 w9t]1 nor!rn ,sonora & ,*ihuahua1 ,mexico4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgd;i4 ,dusky ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 m]rilli74 ,w4 ,male1 #d2 ,female1 #c4h4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgd;b1 b some:at d>k] above1 ! l9e ov] ! eye usually t+$ ) yell[4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 nor?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia1 f nor!a/]n ,cali=nia & nor?we/]n ,nevada1 nor?w>d ?r\gh ,oregon & ,wa%+ton ea/ ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s to ,briti% ,columbia & extreme nor!rn ,idaho2 9 w9t]1 s\? to c5tral ,cali=nia4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgd;j4 ,sonoran ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 pallida74 ,w4 ,male1 #c4h2 ,female1 #c4f4 ,nape v pale p9ki%2 back pale grayi% br[n edg$ ) grayi%2 =ehead1 l9e ov] eye1 & ?roat t+$ ) yell[i%4 ,resembles ,no4 #dgdl1 b is /ill pal]4 ,range1--,region imm$iately adjac5t to ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 ,mexico4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgdl4 ,montezuma ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 occid5talis74 ,w4 ,male1 #d2 ,female1 #c4h4 ,no di/9ct blacki% /reaks above2 back pale br[ni% edg$ ) p9ki% gray2 ?roat yell[1 =ehead & l9e ov] eye t+$ ) yell[4 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgd;h1 b pal]1 less ruddy above2 diff]s f ,no4 #dgd;c 9 be+ br[n] & less /reak$ above4 ,range4--,9 summ]1 c5tral ,new ,mexico1 we/ to c5tral ,arizona2 9 w9t]1 s\? to nor!rn ,sonora & ,*ihuahua1 ,mexico & s\!a/ ,texas4 7,ob]hols]47 #dgdm4 ,isl& ,horn$ ,l>k 7,o4 a4 insul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgd;g1 b slightly d>k] above1 brea/ usually )\t a yell[ t+e4 ,range4--,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ddf4 #ddf4 ,c\* ,k+bird 7,tyrannus melan*olicus c\*ii74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,ads4 ,?roat :ite1 brea/ & belly yell[1 tail d>k br[n2 cr[n gray ) an orange pat*1 back grayi% gre52 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no cr[n-pat*4 ,range4--,guatemala1 nor? 9 spr+ z f> z ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #ddg4 #ddg4 ,arkansas ,k+bird 7,tyrannus v]ticalis74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,?roat light gray spread+ ov] brea/ to yell[ belly2 tail black1 out] m>g9 ( out] fea!r :olly :ite2 above resembl+ ,no4 #ddf4 ,yng4 ,) no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,squeaky1 rattl+1 roll+ notes2 a noisy bird4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s ea/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg41 nor? to ,ass9iboia1 s\!rn ,alb]ta1 s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia1 we/ to ! ,pacific2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates2 to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ddh4 #ddh4 ,cass9 ,k+bird 7,tyrannus vocif]ans74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ d>k gray1 belly yell[2 tail black1 out] web ( out] fea!r n :olly :ite2 above z 9 ,no4 #ddg4 ,yng4 ,) no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,less noisy ?an ,no4 #ddg4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor?we/]n ,mexico & nor? ?r\gh ,rockies1 f we/]n ,texas1 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona1 to s\!rn ,wyom+2 9 ,cali=nia nor? to ,san ,b5ito ,c\nty2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ddi4 #ddi4 ,d]by ,flycat*] 7,pitangus d]bianus74 ,l4 #aa4 ,ads4 ,back br[n1 w+s & tail ext]nally ru/y2 a yell[ cr[n-pat*2 =ehead1 l9e ov] eye & across nape :ite2 ?roat :ite1 bel[ yell[4 ,notes4 ,kiskadee1 repeat$4 7,ri*mond47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? z f> z ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #dea4 #dea4 ,sulphur-belli$ ,flycat*] 7,myiodyna/es luteiv5tris74 ,l4 #h4 ,bel[ sulphur /reak$ ) black2 tail l>gely ru/y br[n2 a yell[ cr[n-pat*2 inn] w+ fea!rs widely m>g9$ ) :iti%2 back grayi% br[n /reak$ ) dusky4 ,yng4 ,) no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,a scree*1 l squeak+ ( a wagon :eel1 & a s+le note4 7,pol+47 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? z f> z s\!rn ,arizona4 #deb4 ,cre/$ ,flycat*] 7,myi>*us cr9itus74 ,l4 #i4 ,inn] webs ( all b middle tail-fea!rs ru/-br[n4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ gray1 belly bright sulphur2 back grayi% olive-gre52 gre5e/ above & yell[e/ bel[ ( our l>g] ,myi>*i4 ,notes4 ,l\d1 *uckl+1 grat+ :i/les4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,florida s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dec4 #dec4 ,mexican ,cre/$ ,flycat*] 7,myi>*us mexicanus74 ,l4 #i4b2 ,w4 #d4 ,inn] webs ( all b middle tail-fea!rs ru/ br[n4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ gray1 belly sulphur1 bo? pal] ?an ,no4 #deb2 back grayi% br[n1 ) little or no gre5 t+e4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #deb4 7,m]rill47 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? z f> z ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #dec;a4 #dec;a4 ,arizona ,cre/$ ,flycat*] 7,m4 m4 magi/]74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dec1 b l>g]1 ,l4 #i4d1 ,w4 #d4b1 & av]ag+ slightly pal]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,mexico2 nor? to s\!rn ,arizona & s\?we/ ,new ,mexico2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,tehuantepec1 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #ded4 #ded4 ,a%-?roat$ ,flycat*] 7,myi>*us c9]asc5s74 ,l4 #h42 ,w4 #d4 ,inn] webs ( all b middle tail-fea!rs ru/-br[n1 out] pair dusky at tip ( inn] web4 ,ads4 ,?roat & brea/ pale grayi% :ite1 belly :ite t+$ ) yell[1 above grayi% br[n1 out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :iti%4 ,pale/ bel[ ( our ,myi>*i4 ,notes4 ,a r resonant b wood5 ch,ack-pr-r-r-r4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates3 bre$s f we/]n ,texas & ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,colorado & ,oregon2 w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ded;a4 #ded;a4 ,nutt+ ,flycat*] 7,m4 c4 nutt+i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ded1 b small]1 ,w4 #c4f1 out] m>g9 ( out] tail-fea!r n :iti%1 tip ( its inn] web ru/y1 n dusky4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 s\!rn ,arizona & we/]n ,mexico2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #ded;b4 ,l[] ,cali=nia ,flycat*] 7,m4 c4 p]t9ax74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ded;a1 b bill l>g] & /\t]2 above gray]2 bel[ less yell[4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 #dee;a4 ,olivace\s ,flycat*] 7,myi>*us lawr5cei olivasc5s74 ,l4 #g4 ,ads4 ,inn] webs ( tail-fea!rs l out] webs2 tail-fea!rs m>g9$ ) ru/y2 brea/ & belly z 9 ,no4 #deb2 cr[n br[ni%1 back grayi% olive-gre54 ,notes4 ,a %ort m\rnful peeur4 ,range4--,bre$s f we/]n ,mexico nor? to s\!rn ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,mexico2 casual 9 ,colorado4 ,p]*+ ,birds ,m>k$ ,) ,*e/nut or ,r$di% ,br[n ,illu/ration3 #ehg4 #ehg4 ,t[hee2 ,*ew9k 7,pipilo ery?roph?almus74 ,l4 #h4 ,?ree out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite2 iris r$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above & brea/ black2 sides r$di% *e/nut2 belly :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above & brea/ br[n4 ,call1 *ew9k or towhe,a7,c72 song1 a l\d1 n ov] musical sweet bird s9-n-ng1 & a tremul\s refra9 ,i'll try4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,georgia & ,l\isiana nor? to ,ma9e1 ,ont>io1 & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois to ,florida & ea/]n ,texas4 #ehg;a4 ,:ite-ey$ ,t[hee 7,p4 e4 all5i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehg1 b iris :iti%2 only two out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite tips1 or if on ?ird1 a m]e spot4 ,notes4 ,call1 t[hee1 mu* %>p] ?an t ( ,no4 #ehg4 ,range4--,florida1 nor? along coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #ehh4 ,arctic ,t[hee 7,pipilo maculatus arcticus74 ,l4 #h4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ite tip ( out] tail-fea!r m ?an #a4c long2 scapul>s & back m>k$ ) :ite2 back black m or less tipp$ ) br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,brea/ & back grayi% br[n2 few] :ite m>k+s ?an 9 ,male4 ,notes4 ,call1 a ,catbird-l mew2 song1 sugge/+ t ( ,no4 #ehg1 b %ort]1 m wood51 less musical4 ,range4--,great ,pla9s2 bre$+ f s\!rn ,montana & we/]n ,nor? ,dakota1 nor? to ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s s\? & we/ to ,colorado1 ,utah1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,texas2 ea/ to ea/]n ,kansas4 ,illu/ration3 #ehh;a4 #ehh;a4 ,spurr$ ,t[hee 7,p4 m4 megalonyx74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh1 b black] above1 no br[ni% edg+s on front ( back2 :ite m>k+s on back less num]\s2 :ite tip to out] tail-fea!r less ?an #a4c long4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region & we/ to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ,mexico to ,briti% ,columbia2 migratory 9 ! nor!rn "p ( range4 #ehh;b4 ,oregon ,t[hee 7,p4 m4 oregonus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh;a1 b d>k]2 practically no br[ni% edg+s on back ( male2 sides mu* deep]2 :ite m>k+s mu* r$uc$1 ! :ite tip to out] tail-fea!r less ?an #a4 long2 sides mu* deep]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,san ,francisco to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #ehh;c4 ,san ,clem5te ,t[hee 7,p4 m4 clement,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh;a1 b adult male ) black dull] or gray]2 female light] br[n4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,san ,clem5te1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,santa ,rosa1 & ,santa ,catal9a ,isl&s1 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,gr9nell47 #bhh;d4 ,san ,diego ,t[hee 7,p4 m4 atratus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh;a1 b decid$ly d>k]1 ) :ite m>k+s ( w+s1 tail1 etc41 m re/rict$2 rump deep black4 ,range4--,! s\!rn coa/ di/rict ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 s\? into ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 #ehh;e4 ,m\nta9 ,t[hee 7,p4 m4 magniro/ris74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh1 b bill mu* l>g]1 ruf\s bel[ pal]1 above br[n] & t+$ ) olive4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #ehi4 ,guadalupe ,t[hee 7,pipilo consobr9us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehh;b 9 re/riction ( :ite m>k+s1 b w+s & tail mu* %ort]1 ,w4 #c4a2 ,t4 #c4b1 h9d claw mu* l>g]2 ,ad4 ,male sooty r ?an black4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #deg4 #deg4 ,say ,ph,abe 7,sayornis saya74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ads4 ,brea/ ru/y gray *ang+ to ru/y on belly2 above gray ) a br[n t+e2 tail black4 ,notes4 ,a pla9tive phee-eur2 a %ort1 pla9tive1 twitt]+ w>ble4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg43 bre$s f s\?we/]n ,texas1 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 nor? to ! ,yukon1 ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico2 accid5tal 9 ,wiscons91 ,ill9ois1 & ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 #eia4 #eia4 ,canon ,t[hee 7,pipilo fuscus mesoleucus74 ,l4 #i42 ,w4 #c4g4 ,ads4 ,cr[n c9namon-br[n2 back br[ni% gray2 ?roat buffy bord]$ by blacki% spots2 l[] belly & "u tail-cov]ts c9namon4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a l\d1 metallic *ip repeat$ f\r times2 9 flight a rob9-l screep-eep-eep4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico nor? to we/]n ,texas1 ,arkansas ,valley1 ,colorado1 & ,arizona2 resid5t4 #eia;a4 ,/4 ,lucas ,t[hee 7,p4 f4 albigula74 ,w4 #c4c4 ,simil> to ,no4 #eia1 b small]2 abdom5 :it]1 )\t c9namon4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #eia;b4 ,cali=nia ,t[hee 7,p4 f4 crissalis7 ,w4 #c4i4 ,simil> to ,no4 #eia1 b mu* br[n] above2 ?roat & "u tail-cov]ts ru/y br[n2 brea/ br[ni% gray2 sc>cely light] on ! belly4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ! ,si]ra4 #eia;c4 ,an?ony ,t[hee 7,p4 f4 s5icula74 ,w4 #c4g4 ,simil> to ,no4 #eia;b1 b small] & gray]1 ! abdom5 :it]4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #eib4 #eib4 ,ab]t ,t[hee 7,pipilo ab]ti74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,no cr[n-cap2 lores & *9 blacki%2 bel[ p9ki% c9namon2 above grayi% br[n4 ,notes4 ,call1 a l\d1 cle>1 %>p *irp4 ,song1 resembl+ t ( ! ,spurr$ ,t[hee gr\p4 7,b4 ,b4 & ,r47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,arizona1 & nor?we/]n ,new ,mexico1 nor? to s\!rn ,nevada & s\?we/]n ,utah4 ,illu/ration3 #ejf4 #ejf4 ,or*>d ,oriole 7,ict]us spurius7 ,l4 #g4c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black3 brea/1 belly1 rump1 & less] w+-cov]ts *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above olive-gre51 bel[ gre5i%-yell[2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,fir/ fall l ,female2 fir/ spr+ l ,male1 b ?roat black4 ,notes4 ,song mu* ri*] & m f9i%$ ?an t ( ! orange & black ,orioles2 ! diff]5ce is indescribable b easily recognizable4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,massa*usetts1 ,ont>io1 ,mi*igan1 & ,nor? ,dakota2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #eib4a4 #eib4a4 ,gre5-tail$ ,t[nee 7,oreospiza *lorura74 ,l4 #g4 ,ads4 ,c5t] & sides ( brea/ grayi%1 middle ( ?roat & abdom5 :ite2 above olive-gre5 m or less wa%$ ) grayi%2 cr[n r$di% *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,call1 a high1 ?9 kitt5-l mew2 song1 musical1 sugge/+ t ( ! ,?ick-bill$ ,sp>r[4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f m ea/]n ,rockies to ,coa/ ,range 9 ,cali=nia2 nor? to c5tral ,montana1 ,idaho1 & ea/]n ,wa%+ton2 s\?1 at lea/ 9 w9t]1 into ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #fdc4 #fdc4 ,lucy ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila luci,a74 ,l4 #d4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above gray2 cr[n-pat* & upp] tail-cov]ts *ocolate2 bel[ :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,*ocolate areas small]4 ,yng4 ,no *ocolate 9 cr[n2 upp] tail-cov]ts c9namon4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico2 bre$+ nor? to ,arizona & s\?we/]n ,utah4 ,illu/ration3 #ffj4 #ffj4 ,bay-brea/$ ,w>bl] 7,d5droica ca/anea74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 sides & cr[n ri* *e/nut2 *eeks black2 sides ( neck buff2 back black & gray2 w+-b>s & tail-spots :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,less *e/nut2 *eeks grayi%4 ,yng4 & ,ad4 9 ,w9t]4 ,above olive-gre5 /reak$ ) black2 bel[ buffy :ite1 ! flanks usually ) a trace ( *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,song1 a v s(t w>ble1 tse-*ee1 repeat$ five times1 too liquid to admit ( exact spell+4 7,langille47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& & nor!rn ,mi*igan nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #eif4 #eif4 ,black-head$ ,grosbeak 7,zamelodia melanocephala74 ,l4 #h4a4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black2 neck-r+1 rump1 back-/reaks & und]p>ts bright c9namon2 c5t] ( belly & "u w+-cov]ts yell[2 pat* 9 w+1 w+-b>s & tips ( inn] vanes ( out] tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,9 w9t] tipp$ ) br[n above & on brea/ bel[ ) black spots4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,"u w+-cov]ts yell[ z 9 ,male2 above z 9 ,no4 #eie2 bel[ less /reak$1 brea/ buff4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,l ,female b brea/ deep] buff2 few /reaks bel[2 sides ( cr[n black]4 ,notes4 ,call & song l ^? ( ! ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak1 b ! latt] m flu5t4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,mexico nor? to ,dakota & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gfa4 #gfa4 ,am]ican ,rob9 7,m]ula migratoria74 ,l4 #aj2 ,w4 #d4i2 ,t4 #c4h4 ,out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite tips4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,brea/ & belly ri* ru/-br[n2 above d>k slaty1 head & spots 9 back black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b pal] bel[1 little or no black above4 ,w9t]4 ,und]p>ts m>g9$ ) :iti%2 black above m or less conceal$ by a%y4 ,notes4 ,calls1 v>i$ & *>act]i/ic2 song1 a l\d1 he>ty1 *e]-up *e]ily1 *e]ily1 *e]ily1 repeat$ & v>i$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,rockies1 nor?we/ to ,alaska2 bre$+ s\? to ,virg9ia &1 9 ! m\nta9s1 ,georgia2 w9t]s f nor!rn ,/ates s\?w>d4 #gfa;a4 ,we/]n ,rob9 7,m4 m4 prop9qua74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gfa1 b no :ite tips to tail-fea!rs4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,)\t black spots 9 back4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s we/ to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ! s\!rn end ( ! ,mexican tablel& nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f ,oregon & s\!rn ,colorado s\?w>d4 #gfa;b4 ,s\!rn ,rob9 7,m4 m4 a*ru/]a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gfa1 b small] & 9 g5]al mu* light] & dull]2 ,w4 #d4g2 ,t4 #c4e4 7,bat*eld]47 ,range4--,c>ol9as & ,georgia1 except m\nta9\s di/ricts1 l[l&s ( ,virg9ia4 ,illu/ration3 #gfb4 #gfb4 ,/4 ,lucas ,rob9 7,m]ula conf9is74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #gfa 9 plan ( coloration b ev]y:]e mu* pal]2 brea/ & belly buff2 no black 9 head4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gfc4 #gfc4 ,v>i$ ,?ru% 7,ixoreus n,avius74 ,l4 #aj2 ,w4 #d4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,bel[ ru/-br[n1 belly :it]1 a broad black brea/-b&2 above slaty1 l9e beh9d eye & b>s 9 w+ ru/y2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite tips4 ,9 w9t] wa%$ ) br[ni% above2 brea/ b& ) ru/y4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,pal] bel[1 brea/-b& fa9tly indicat$2 above wa%$ ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,song1 a weird vibrant1 long-drawn :i/le repeat$ on diff]5t notes4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f high] m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,alaska2 s\? 9 w9t] along ! coa/4 #gfc;a4 ,pale ,v>i$ ,?ru% 7,i4 n4 m]uloides74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gfc1 b w+ long]1 #e4a2 ,female pal] & gray]4 7,gr9nell47 ,range4--- ,int]ior ( ,briti% ,columbia nor? to nor? ,alaska2 s\? 9 w9t]1 ?r\gh int]ior1 to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,p]*+ ,birds ,*iefly ,dull ,color$ ,illu/ration3 #def4 #def4 ,ph,abe 7,sayornis ph,abe74 ,l4 #g4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% olive1 cr[n blacki%2 out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :iti%2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) yell[1 sides ( brea/ grayi%2 bill black4 ,yng4 ,gre5] above1 yell[] bel[4 ,notes4 ,pewit-ph,abe1 pewit-ph,abe2 call1 pee1 pee1 r>ely a flight song4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & we/]n ,texas nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a & nor!rn ,texas s\? to ,cuba & ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dei4 #dei4 ,olive-sid$ ,flycat*] 7,nuttalornis borealis74 ,l4 #g4d4 ,ads4 ,?roat & middle ( belly :ite ) a yell[ t+e2 sides & mo/ ( brea/ grayi%2 above br[ni% gray ) an olive-t+e1 cr[n d>k]1 ! fea!rs l5g!n$4 ,notes4 ,hip-hip or quilp-quilp1 less (t5 a l\d1 emphatic :ip-p,a7,c7w-hip4 7,head47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,massa*usetts 7r>ely71 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & ,m9nesota1 nor?w>d to ,alaska1 s\? ?r\gh ! ,rockies & ,coa/ ,range to ,mexico2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dfj4 #dfj4 ,c\es ,flycat*] 7,contopus p]t9ax pallidiv5tris74 ,l4 #g4g4 ,ads4 ,bel[ ne>ly uni=m gray1 belly pal]2 above gray1 cr[n slightly d>k]1 ! fea!rs l5g!n$4 ,notes4 ,a pla9tive musical f\r or five not$ :i/le ) regul> int]vals & a s+ul>ly human-l quality4 ,range4--,we/]n ,mexico1 nor? to c5tral ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dfa4 #dfa4 ,wood ,pewee 7,contopus vir5s74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #c4c4 ,ads4 ,above d>k olive1 cr[n black]2 bel[ dusky grayi%1 ?roat :iti%1 belly yell[i%2 l[] m&ible yell[i%4 ,yng4 ,gre5] above1 yell[] bel[4 ,notes4 ,pee-a-wee1 pe] & pee2 all pla9tive & musical4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg42 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dfb4 #dfb4 ,we/]n ,wood ,pewee 7,contopus ri*>dsonii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dfa1 b above ) usually no gre5i% t+e2 bel[ less yell[2 "u m&ible br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,a nasal1 r emphatic p,ae,ae-a4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg42 bre$s f we/]n ,texas & ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,manitoba1 ,alb]ta1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #dfb;a4 ,l>ge-bill$ ,wood ,pewee 7,c4 r4 peninsul,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dfb1 b small]1 ,w4 #c4c2 ! bill l>g]1 l5g? f no/ril 4#db1 wid? at no/ril1 4#ca2 upp]p>ts gray]4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dff4 #dff4 ,traill ,flycat*] 7,empidonax traillii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dff;a1 b upp]p>ts br[n] ) little if any real gre5i% t+e2 bill av]ag+ n>r[]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,alaska & ,great ,slave ,lake1 ea/ to ,kansas1 ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois2 w9t]s 9 ! tropics4 #dff;a4 ,ald] ,flycat*] 7,e4 t4 alnorum74 ,l4 #f4a2 ,w4 #b4h4 ,ads4 ,l[] m&ible horn color2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ grayi%2 brea/ & sides fa9tly wa%$ ) yell[2 above br[ni% olive-gre52 w+-b>s usually buffy4 ,l ,no4 #dfg1 b l>g]4 ,notes4 ,p,aep ( al>m1 & an explosive ,ae,ae-z,ae,ae-e-,ap ) /ress on ! rasp+ z,ae,ae4 7,dwight47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ,mi*igan2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey 7locally7 nor? to ,new ,brunswick2 w9t]s 9 ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #dfg4 #dfg4 ,lea/ ,flycat*] 7,empidonax m9imus74 #e4d2 ,w4 #b4e4 ,ads4 ,simil> 9 color to ,no4 #dff;a1 b small]1 tail slightly =k$4 ,yng4 ,w+-b>s m buffy4 ,notes4 a vigor\s *ebec1 *ebec2 r>ely a flight song1 *ebec1 tooral-ooral4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to we/]n ,texas & ea/]n ,colorado2 bre$s f ,p5nsylvania 7,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,alleghanies7 nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,great ,slave ,lake2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dfh4 #dfh4 ,hammond ,flycat*] 7,empidonax hammondi74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,bill smalle/ ( our ,empidonaces1 l[] m&ible br[n2 ?roat & brea/ grayi%1 brea/ & belly slightly wa%$ ) sulphur2 above grayi% ) a slight olive t9t4 ,l ,no4 #dfg1 b bill small]1 l[] m&ible br[n]1 ?roat gray]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ! m\nta9s ( ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,a?abasca1 ea/ to ,colorado1 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dfi4 #dfi4 ,wright ,flycat*] 7,empidonax wrightii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dfh1 b und]p>ts :it]2 bill mu* long]1 longe/ & n>r[e/ ( our ,empidonaces2 l[] m&ible :iti% at base1 br[ni% at tip2 out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :ite4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ea/]n slope ( ,rockies2 bre$s f m\nta9s ( ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,montana & s\!rn ,oregon2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dfi4a4 #dfi4a4 ,gray ,flycat*] 7,empidonax griseus74 ,l4 #f4 ,ads4 ,above gray ) a slight br[ni% t+e2 bel[ grayi% :ite ) little or no yell[4 ,graye/ ( our ,empidonaces4 ,range4--,we/]n ,mexico & ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,arizona1 7,=t ,v]de47 ,illu/ration3 #dfc4 #dfc4 ,yell[-belli$ ,flycat*] 7,empidonax flaviv5tris74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,ads4 ,bel[ di/9ctly gre5i% yell[1 belly bright]2 above bright olive-gre54 ,yng4 ,bright]1 w+-b>s buffy4 ,notes4 ,ps,ae-,aek' 9 "o h>% explosive syllable2 a pla9tive ch,a-,ae-,a7,c7-p4 7,dwight47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& 7s\? 9 ,alleghanies to ,p5nsylvania71 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,labrador & ,nor?we/ ,t]ritories2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dfd4 #dfd4 ,we/]n ,flycat*] 7,empidonax difficilis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dfc1 b bright] yell[ bel[1 brea/ wa%$ ) br[ni% in/ead ( gre5i%2 above yell[]4 ,notes4 ,a s(t l[ note1 & a wail+ pee-eu4 7,c4 ,a4 ,all547 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 ea/ to ab\t ,long4 #ajj;,a deg42 bre$s f ,mexican bord] nor? to s\!rn ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #dfd4a4 ,/4 ,lucas ,flycat*] 7,empidonax c9]itius74 ,mo/ l ,no4 #dfd1 b mu* dull]2 sc>cely a t+e ( gre5 above2 no decid$ yell[ bel[ except on ?roat & abdom54 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia1 f ,cape ,region nor?1 r>ely1 to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #dfd4b4 ,santa ,b>b>a ,flycat*] 7,empidonax insulicola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dfd1 b above d>k] & br[n]2 bel[ pal]4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dfe4 #dfe4 ,gre5-cre/$ ,flycat*] 7,empidonax viresc5s74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,?roat & belly :ite1 brea/ grayi%2 sides1 brea/ & sometimes belly1 wa%$ ) sulphur2 back olive-gre51 a t9t light] ?an 9 ,no4 #dfc2 l[] m&ible :iti%2 w+-b>s buffy4 ,notes4 ,spee or peet & pee-e-yuk'4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates to s\!rn ,connecticut & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fdf4 #fdf4 ,orange-cr[n$ ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila celata74 ,l4 #e4 ,no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above olive-gre5 m or less wa%$ ) grayi%2 a conceal$1 r$di% orange cr[n-pat*2 bel[ dusky yell[i% gre54 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b gray]1 cr[n-pat* small] or want+4 ,yng4 ,l ,female1 b no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,song full & /rong1 n v high pit*$ & end+ abruptly on a ris+ scale1 *ee1 *ee1 *ee1 *w'1 *w'4 7,jones47 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ f ,manitoba & m\nta9s ( ,new ,mexico to ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ,gulf ,/ates & s\?w>d2 r>e 9 ,atlantic /ates nor? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #fdf;a4 ,lutesc5t ,w>bl] 7,h4 c4 lutesc5s74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fdf1 b gre5] above1 yell[] bel[2 und]p>ts di/9ctly yell[ ) a dusky wa%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$+ 9 m\nta9s f s\!rn ,cali=nia to ,k5ai ,p59sula1 ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,cali=nia s\? into ,mexico2 ea/ to ,colorado 9 migrations4 #fdf;b4 ,dusky ,w>bl] 7,h4 c4 sordida74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fdf;a1 b decid$ly d>k]1 bill & feet l>g]1 w+ %ort] & tail long]4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s1 ,cali=nia2 lat] occurs on adjo9+ ma9l&4 ,illu/ration3 #dgb4 #dgb4 ,be>dless ,flycat*] 7,orni?ion imb]be74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,w4 #b4aj4 ,ads4 ,bill small1 n>r[1 upp] m&ible decid$ly curv$2 above gray t+$ ) olive1 bel[ grayi% :ite ) a yell[ t+e4 ,range4--,c5tral ,am]ica2 nor? 9 spr+ to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,texas4 #dgb;a4 ,ridgway ,flycat*] 7,o4 i4 ridgwayi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dgb1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #b4b2 gray]1 little if any sulphur t+e on und]p>ts4 7,ridgw47 ,notes4 ,call1 a %rill pi,a7,c7r repeat$2 song1 f ! tree-tops1 yoop1 yoop1 yoope,a7,c7de$l$ee4 7,/eph5s47 ,range4--,s\!rn bord] ( ,mexican tablel& nor? 9 spr+ to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #faf4 #faf4 ,bank ,swall[ 7,rip>ia rip>ia74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ads4 ,bel[ :ite1 a broad grayi% br[n b& across ! brea/2 above grayi% br[n4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b br[n areas m or less tipp$ ) ru/y4 ,range4--,nor!rn hemisph]e3 9 ,am]ica1 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 ,kansas1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,labrador1 & ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #fag4 #fag4 ,r\gh-w+$ ,swall[ 7,/elgidopt]yx s]rip5nis74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n2 bel[ grayi% :ite1 :it] on belly2 b>bs on out] vane ( out] prim>y recurv$4 ,yng4 ,plumage m or less tipp$ ) ru/y4 ,range4--,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,mexico nor? to ,massa*usetts1 ,manitoba1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fbc4 #fbc4 ,black-:isk]$ ,vireo 7,vireo calidris b>batulus74 ,l4 #f4 ,ads4 ,a dusky /reak on ei!r side ( ! ?roat1 cr[n slate )\t a black bord]2 back olive-gre52 bel[ :ite1 l[] belly1 "u tail-& "u w+-cov]ts yell[i%2 no w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #fbd b song m emphatic & hesitat+4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,cuba1 ,bahamas & s\!rn ,florida2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fbd4 #fbd4 ,r$-ey$ ,vireo 7,vireo olivaceus74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ads4 ,cr[n slate1 on ei!r side a n>r[ black bord]2 a :ite l9e ov] eye2 above olive-gre52 bel[ :ite2 "u w+-cov]ts sulphur2 no w+-b>s2 no dusky /reaks on ?roat4 ,notes4 ,call1 a petulant1 compla9+ :ang2 song1 a brok51 rambl+ recitative y see x--y "k x--d y he> me8--d y believe x8 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,rockies & ,briti% ,columbia1 ea/ ( ,cascades2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates to ,labrador1 ,manitoba1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #fcb4 #fcb4 ,hutton ,vireo 7,vireo huttoni74 ,l4 #d4f4 ,ads4 ,und]p>ts dusky grayi% :ite ) a fa9t yell[ t+e2 above dusky olive-gre52 lores & eye-r+ grayi%1 n conspicu\s2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,a pip+ :i/le l ! call ( a "y bird1 pe,a7,c7-y]1 pe,a7,c7-y]2 & a ho>se :i/le oh-my'1 oh-my'1 oh-my'4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ,si]ra2 resid5t4 #fcb;a4 ,/eph5 ,vireo 7,v4 h4 /eph5si74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbb1 b gray] above1 :it] bel[1 w+-b>s broad]4 ,range4--,mexican b\nd>y f we/]n ,texas to s\!a/]n ,cali=nia4 #fcb;c4 ,an?ony ,vireo 7,v4 h4 obscurus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fcb1 b d>k]1 & av]ag+ slightly small]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/1 f ,oregon to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #fdg4 #fdg4 ,t5nessee ,w>bl] 7,helm9?ophila p]egr9a74 ,l4 #e4 ,no w+-b>s2 little or no :ite 9 tail4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head blui% gray2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 back olive-gre52 bel[ grayi% :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,gray ( head ) m or less olive-gre52 /ripe ov] eye & und]p>ts yell[]4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b entirely bright olive-gre5 above2 yell[] bel[4 ,notes4 ,song sc>cely di/+ui%able f t ( ! ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[1 b fir/ two syllables twip in/ead ( *ip4 7,jones47 ,range3--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ 9 migrations to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick1 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,quebec & ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gdg4 #gdg4 ,k5nicott ,will[ ,w>bl] 7,phyllopseu/es borealis74 ,l4 #e4 ,ads4 ,above olive-gre52 bel[ :ite t+$ ) yell[i%1 sides gre5i%2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 a n>r[ :iti% w+-b>2 no :ite 9 tail4 ,notes4 ,call1 a monoton\s dzit2 song1 resembles trill ( ,r$poll4 7,seebohm47 ,range4--,asia1 ea/ to we/]n ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #fbe4 #fbe4 ,yell[-gre5 ,vireo 7,vireo flavoviridis74 ,l4 #f4d4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #fbd1 b gre5] above1 ! sides heavily wa%$ ) gre5i% yell[4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica1 nor? to ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e4 ,illu/ration3 #fbf4 #fbf4 ,philadelphia ,vireo 7,vireo philadelphicus74 ,l4 #d4h4 ,ads4 ,no di/9ct cr[n-cap2 above olive-gre52 bel[ yell[i%2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 no w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo b g5]ally high] pit*$2 also a v abrupt1 d\ble-syllabl$ utt]ance ) a ris+ inflection :i* comes 9 ) ! song at irregul> int]vals4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire & ,manitoba nor?w>d2 w9t]s 9 ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fbg4 #fbg4 ,w>bl+ ,vireo 7,vireo gilvus74 ,l4 #e4d2 ,w4 #b4h4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% olive-gre51 cr[n slightly gray] b )\t di/9ct cap z 9 ,no4 #fbd2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye b no black l9e above x2 bel[ :ite1 ! sides wa%$ ) yell[i%2 no w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,call1 resembles t ( ! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo2 song2 a ri*1 firm1 unbrok5 w>ble ) an alto und]tone4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 #fbg;a4 ,we/]n ,w>bl+ ,vireo 7,v4 g4 swa9soni74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbg1 b av]ag+ small]1 ,w4 #b4f1 ! bill m sl5d]2 upp]p>ts1 p>ticul>ly cr[n1 gray]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f ,mexico to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fca4 #fca4 ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo 7,vireo noveborac5sis74 ,l4 #e2 ,w4 #b4d42 ,b4 4#d4 ,ads4 ,eye-r+ & lores yell[2 iris :ite2 above olive-gre5 m or less wa%$ ) grayi%2 ,bel[ :ite1 sides yell[i%2 two :iti% w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,calls1 v>i$1 (t5 h>% & scold+2 song1 an emphatic :i/le :o are y1 eh8 or :at's t y say81 & a l[ m$ley (t5 includ+ imitations ( ! notes ( o!r birds4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,new ,hamp%ire & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s f ,florida to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #fca;a4 ,key ,we/ ,vireo 7,v4 n4 mayn>di74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fca1 b bill heavi]1 sides av]ag+ less yell[4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,florida2 resid5t4 #fba;b4 ,b]muda ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo 7,v4 n4 b]mudianus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fca1 b w+ %ort]1 #b4cj2 no yell[ on sides4 7,bangs & ,bradlee47 ,range4--,resid5t 9 ,b]mudas4 #fca;c4 ,small ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo 7,v4 n4 micrus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #fca1 ,w4 #b4b2 av]ag+ gray] above2 sides ) less yell[4 ,range4--,nor!a/]n ,mexico1 nor? to s\!a/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #fbi4 #fbi4 ,blue-head$ ,vireo 7,vireo solit>ius74 ,l4 #e4e2 ,w4 #b4i2 ,b4 4#d4 ,ads4 ,lores & eye-r+ :ite2 cr[n & *eeks blui% slate-color2 back olive-gre52 bel[ :ite1 sides wa%$ ) gre5i% yell[2 two :iti% w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,resembl+ 9 =m ^? ( ,r$-ey$ or ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireos b m v>i$1 sometimes a cont9u\s w>ble2 a musical *att]1 l t ( ! ,yell[-?roat$ & a trill$ :i/le4 7,torrey47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,connecticut 7& s\? along ,alleghanies7 nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,florida to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #fbi;a4 ,cass9 ,vireo 7,v4 s4 cass9i74 ,l ,no4 #fbi1 b back wa%$ ) ! color ( ! head2 :ite on brea/ & ?roat less pure4 ,range4--,bre$s f ,briti% ,columbia & ,idaho s\? along ,pacific coa/ region & ,nevada to ,l[] ,cali=nia2 migrates to ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico2 & nor!rn ,mexico4 7,bailey47 #fbi;b4 ,plumbe\s ,vireo 7,v4 s4 plumbeus74 ,above :olly plumbe\s-gray ) sc>cely1 if any1 olive t+e1 bel[ :ite1 ! sides gray fa9tly t+$ ) gre5i% yell[2 size ( ,no4 #fbi;c4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region2 bre$s f nor!rn ,mexico nor? to s\?we/]n ,dakota & ,wyom+2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,mexico4 #fbi;c4 ,m\nta9 ,solit>y ,vireo 7,v4 s4 alticola74 ,l>g] ?an ,no4 #fbi1 ,w4 #c4ae1 ,b4 4#df2 head d>k]1 its color ext5d+ ov] mo/ ( ! back4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,alleghanies f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,georgia2 w9t]s 9 ,florida4 #fbi;d4 ,/4 ,lucas ,solit>y ,vireo 7,v4 s4 lucasanus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #fbi;a1 b bill long] & /\t]1 sides & flanks mu* yell[]2 "y )\t br[ni% bel[1 & resembl+ "y ( ,no4 #fbi4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fcc4 #fcc4 ,bell ,vireo 7,vireo bellii74 ,l4 #e4 ,above olive-gre51 cr[n gray]2 lores & eye-r+ :ite2 two inconspicu\s :iti% w+-b>s2 bel[ :ite1 sides t+$ ) yell[i%4 ,mo/ l ,no4 #fbg1 b back gre5]1 no :ite l9e back ( eye4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ! ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo1 b less h>%1 song less emphatic4 7,goss47 ,range4--,int]ior /ates f ,ill9ois we/ to ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,texas to ,m9nesota2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 #fcc4a4 ,lea/ ,vireo 7,vireo pusillus74 ,l4 #d4h4 ,ads4 ,above gray1 slightly t+$ ) gre5i% t[>d rump2 bel[ :ite1 sides ) little if any gre5i% t+e2 "o inconspicu\s :iti% w+-b>2 lores & eye-r+ inconspicu\sly grayi%4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n ,mexico & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia2 bre$s nor? to ,arizona & middle ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fcd4 #fcd4 ,gray ,vireo 7,vireo vic9ior74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,above slaty gray2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) grayi%2 "o inconspicu\s w+-b>2 lores & eye-r+ gray2 bill %ort4 ,notes4 ,song may be comp>$ ) ! f9e/ ef=ts ( ! ,blue-head$ ,vireo ) ! add$ *>m & mell[ness ( ! song ( ! ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireo4 7,h5%aw47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico1 nor? to we/]n ,texas1 s\!a/]n ,cali=nia1 & s\!rn ,nevada2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gdi4 #gdi4 ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let 7,regulus cal5dula74 ,l4 #d4d4 ,a conspicu\s :iti% eye-r+4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a m or less conceal$ cr[n-pat*2 back olive-gre52 und]p>ts soil$ :iti% m or less t+$ ) buffy2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 7,"h figur$47 ,simil>1 b no cr[n-pat*4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ! nor!rn bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates nor?w>d1 & s\? 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,arizona1 & 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f s\? ,c>ol9a & ,oregon s\?w>d to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #gdi;a4 ,sitkan ,k+let 7,r4 c4 gr9nelli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdi1 b m olive-gre5 above2 m buffy bel[4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s 9 s\!rn ,alaska2 w9t]s s\?w>d to ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dgj;a4 #dgj;a4 ,buff-brea/$ ,flycat*] 7,empidonax fulvifrons pygm,au74 ,l4 #d4g4 ,ads4 ,bel[ ru/y buff2 above grayi% br[n4 ,range4--,we/]n ,mexico2 nor? 9 spr+ to s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #ehf4 #ehf4 ,texas ,sp>r[ 7,arremonops rufivirgata74 ,l4 #f4e4 ,ads4 ,above olive-gre51 sides ( cr[n br[ni%1 its c5t] grayi%2 bel[ :iti%2 b5d ( w+ yell[4 ,notes4 ,song resembles t ( ! ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ b ) some:at ( ! sweetness & modulation ( t ( ! ,yell[ ,w>bl]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,mexico1 nor? to s\!a/]n ,texas2 casually to ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 #fch4 #fch4 ,swa9son ,w>bl] 7,hel9aia swa9sonii74 ,l4 #e4 ,bill l>ge2 no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,ads4 ,cr[n br[n1 back1 w+s & tail olive-br[n2 a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 bel[ :iti% t+$ ) yell[4 ,notes4 ,song1 a s]ies ( cle>1 r++ :i/les1 ! fir/ f\r utt]$ r sl[ly & 9 ! same key1 ! rema9+ five or six giv5 m rapidly & 9 an ev5ly desc5d+ scale4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates nor? to s\!a/]n ,virg9ia1 s\!rn ,indiana & s\!rn ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 #fci4 #fci4 ,worm-eat+ ,w>bl] 7,helmi!ros v]mivorus74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,bill l>ge2 no :ite 9 w+s or tail ,ads4 ,cr[n black ) ?ree buff /ripes2 back1 w+s & tail olive-gre52 bel[ buffy :ite deep] on brea/4 ,yng4 ,buff ev]y:]e ri*]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *ip2 song1 resembles t ( ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ b is some:at weak]4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,connecticut1 s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,wiscons92 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #gdb4 #gdb4 ,pallid ,wr5-tit 7,cham,aa fasciata74 ,l4 #f4g2 ,t4 #e4d4 ,out] tail-fea!rs %orte/4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% gray2 bel[ buffy obscurely /reak$ ) gray4 ,notes4 ,song wood5 & unmusical1 beg9n+ delib]ately & end+ 9 a roll1 *ick3 *ick2 *ick1 *ick-*ick-*ick-*ick-*ick-*ick4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,cali=nia1 includ+ ! we/]n slope ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 f ! head ( ! ,sacram5to ,valley s\? to nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gdb;a4 #gdb;a4 ,coa/ ,wr5-tit 7,c4 f4 ph,aa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdb1 b mu* br[n] above & deep] m p9k bel[2 sides z d>k z back4 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/ f ,mont]ey ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia1 nor? to s\!rn ,oregon4 #gjg4 ,curve-bill$ ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma curviro/re74 ,l4 #aa4b4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% gray2 bel[ mottl$ ) br[ni% gray2 l[] belly buffy2 f\r out] pairs ( tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 two n>r[ :ite w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 :it-:it2 "o ( ! mo/ sil5t ( song ,?ru%es4 7,m]rill47 ,song1 rem>kably melodi\s & attractive4 7,c\*47 ,range4--,mexican b\nd>y region ( ,texas & ,new ,mexico s\? ov] ! ,mexico tablel& to ,oaxaca4 ,illu/ration3 #gjg;a4 #gjg;a4 ,palm] ,?ra%] 7,t4 c4 palm]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gjg1 b w+-b>s less evid5t2 out] tail-fea!rs )\t :ite tips4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,arizona1 f ab\t fifty miles nor?we/ ( ,pho5ix1 s\? to ,guaymas1 ,sonora4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gjh4 #gjh4 ,b5dire ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma b5direi74 ,l4 #aj4b4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% a%y2 bel[ soil$ :iti% wa%$ ) buffy & lightly spott$ ) dusky1 *iefly on brea/2 out] tail-fea!rs n>r[ly tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,call1 tirup1 tirup1 tirup4 7,br[n47 ,range4--,des]t regions ( s\!rn ,arizona s\? into ,sonora1 ,mexico2 we/ r>ely to s\!a/]n ,cali=nia2 resid5t except at extreme nor!rn limit ( its range4 ,illu/ration3 #gji4 #gji4 ,/4 ,lucas ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma c9]eum74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n2 bel[ :ite ) num]\s w$ge-%ap$ spots2 out] tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #gji;a4 ,me>ns ,?ra%] 7,t4 c4 me>nsi74 ,diff]s f ,no4 #gji 9 mu* d>k] upp]p>ts1 m ru/y flanks & crissum1 mu* l>g] & m int5sely black spots on l[] p>ts & less curv$ bill4 7,an?ony47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 s\? to ab\t ,lat4 #cj;,a deg4 #cj'4 ,illu/ration3 #gaj4 #gaj4 ,cali=nian ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma r$ivivum74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n2 belly di/9ctly buff2 brea/ grayi%1 ?roat :iti%1 wa%$ ) buff2 no :ite 9 w+s or tail4 ,notes4 ,song sugge/+ bo? t ( ! ,br[n ,?ra%] & ! ,mock+bird4 ,range4--,cali=nia we/ ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 nor? ( ab\t ,lat4 #ce;,a deg42 s\? into ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #gaj;a4 ,pasad5a ,?ra%] 7,t4 r4 pasad55se74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gaj1 b gray] above2 belly pal]1 ?roat :it]4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gaa4 #gaa4 ,leconte ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma lecontei74 ,l4 #aj4e4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% a%y1 bel[ creamy :ite1 "u tail-cov]ts buff4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>ply reit]at$ :it or quit2 song1 rem>kable = its l\d ri* tone2 c be he>d di/9ctly = m ?an a mile4 7,me>ns47 ,call1 l[ & musical1 hue,a7,c7-e1 :i/l$ ?r\gh ! tee?4 7,/eph5s47 ,range4--,des]t region ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,nevada1 & extreme s\?we/]n ,utah1 f ,b5ton1 ,cal4 7,lat4 #ch;,a deg471 s\!a/w>d ?r\gh ,arizona to ,sonora 7,lat4 #cj;,a deg474 ,local 9 ,san ,joaqu9 ,valley4 7,a4,o4,u47 #gaa;a4 ,des]t ,?ra%] 7,t4 l4 ar5icola74 ,diff]+ f ,no4 #gaa 9 hav+ upp]p>ts d>k] & gray]1 tail black]1 & brea/ gray4 7,an?ony47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,rosalia ,bay47 ,illu/ration3 #gab4 #gab4 ,crissal ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma crissalis74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,"u tail-cov]ts r$di% *e/nut2 upp]p>ts br[ni% gray2 und]p>ts a%y1 *9 :ite4 ,notes4 ,no l\d call note2 song ( rem>kable scope & sweetness4 7,me>ns47 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f we/]n ,texas to ! ,colorado ,des]t1 ,cali=nia1 & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia2 nor? to ,*>le/on ,m\nta9s1 ,nevada1 & ,/4 ,george1 ,utah4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,p]*+ ,birds ,*iefly ,br[n or ,/reak$ ,illu/ration3 #ech4 ,illu/ration3 #ech4 ,w9t]4 #ech4 ,*e/nut-coll>$ ,longspur 7,calc>ius ornatus74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,h9d toe-nail z long z toe2 all b middle pair ( tail-fea!rs 7& sometimes ^!7 ) :ite1 two out] pairs :ite to ! tip4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & *eeks buff2 brea/ & belly black2 cr[n black1 nape *e/nut2 less] w+-cov]ts black tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black2 bel[ pale buff4 ,male 9 w9t]4 ,l summ] ,male b black & *e/nut areas m or less tipp$ ) grayi% br[n4 ,notes4 ,song1 %ort1 %rill1 b v sweet1 (t5 utt]$ on ! w+4 7,all547 ,range4--,great ,pla9s3 bre$s f c5tral ,kansas & ea/]n ,colorado nor? to ! ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s f ea/]n ,colorado & ,nebraska s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eci4 ,illu/ration3 #eci4 ,w9t]4 #eci4 ,mc,cown ,longspur 7,rhyn*ophanes mcc[nii74 ,l4 #f4 ,h9d toe-nail z long z toe2 all b middle pair ( tail-fea!rs ) :ite1 ! out] "o :ite to ! tip1 ! o!rs tipp$ ) black2 less] w+-cov]ts *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & belly :ite1 brea/ & cr[n black2 back grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ :ite wa%$ ) br[ni%2 above grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black4 ,male 9 w9t]4 ,l ,female b a p>tly conceal$ black brea/ pat*2 tail ) m :ite4 ,notes4 ,call1 a *ip at ea* /roke ( ! w+2 song1 ( s(t1 twitt]+1 pleas+ notes4 7,goss47 ,a twitt]+1 hurri$ *ant1 sugge/ive ( ! ,horn$ ,l>k's p]=mance1 b t]m9at+ 9 decreas+ p[]4 7,sill[ay47 ,range4--,great ,pla9s2 bre$s f nor?we/]n ,kansas to ,montana & ! ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s f ea/]n ,colorado & ,kansas s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eeb4 #eeb4 ,l>k ,sp>r[ 7,*onde/es grammacus74 ,l4 #f4b2 ,ads4 ,sides ( ! cr[n & e>-cov]ts *e/nut2 all b middle tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 back broadly /reak$ ) black2 sides ( ?roat & spot on brea/ black4 ,notes4 ,song1 l\d & musical sugge/+ bo? a ,song ,sp>r['s & a ,can>y's4 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,pla9s ea/ to ,ill9ois2 casually ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies2 bre$s f ,texas to ,manitoba2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 #eeb;a4 ,we/]n ,l>k ,sp>r[ 7,c4 g4 /rigatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eeb1 b /reaks on upp]p>ts g5]ally n>r[]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,pla9s to ,pacific2 bre$s f ,mexico to ,manitoba & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ecf4 ,illu/ration3 #ecf4 ,w9t]4 #ecf4 ,lapl& ,longspur 7,calc>ius lapponicus74 ,l4 #f4b ,h9d toe-nail z long z or long] ?an toe2 two out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite at ! end4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,nape *e/nut2 cr[n1 *eeks1 ?roat & upp]-brea/ black2 back black m>g9$ ) ru/y br[n4 ,ad4 ,female1 summ]4 ,cr[n & back black m>g9$ ) ru/y2 nape bright]2 bel[ :iti%2 brea/ fea!rs dusky at base2 sides /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,w9t]1 ,male4 ,black areas & nape veil$ ) :iti% or buffy tips2 ,female1 l ,female 9 summ]4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 nor!rn ,europe & nor!a/ ,nor? ,am]ica s\? to nor!rn ,labrador2 9 ,am]ica1 w9t]s s\?1 irregul>ly1 to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,k5tucky1 ,kansas1 ,texas2 we/ to ,manitoba4 7,ridgw47 #ecf;a4 ,alaskan ,longspur 7,c4 l4 alasc5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ecf1 b m>g9s to back fea!rs mu* pal]1 br[ni% gray or buffy2 nape 9 w9t] m buffy4 ,notes4 ,song1 utt]$ on w+ z bird ) up-/ret*$ w+s floats d[nw>d1 sweet1 liquid1 t9kl+1 ( same g5]al "* z t ( ,bobol9k1 b %ort]1 less p[]ful4 7,nelson47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,alaska1 ,aleutian & ,pribil( ,isl&s ea/ to ,=t ,simpson2 w9t]s s\? to ea/]n ,oregon1 ,colorado1 & we/]n ,kansas4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #eec4 #eec4 ,h>ris ,sp>r[ 7,zonotri*ia qu]ula74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ads4 summ]4 ,?roat & cr[n black2 nape *e/nut1 *eeks br[ni%2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,ads4 w9t]4 ,?roat mottl$ ) :ite1 cr[n tipp$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,a que]1 *uckl+ note2 song ( pleas+1 pla9tive :i/l+ notes 9 musical tone l ^? ( ,no4 #eeh1 b deliv]$ 9 a diff]5t song4 7,cooke47 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 f ,ill9ois we/ to ! ,dakotas2 9 summ]1 ! region we/ ( ,hudson ,bay 7exact bre$+ range unkn[n72 s\? 9 w9t] to ,texas 7& ,mexico872 accid5tal 9 ,briti% ,columbia1 ,oregon & ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #efe4 #efe4 ,black-*9n$ ,sp>r[ 7,spizella atrogul>is74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,bel[ slaty gray4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & front ( face black2 re/ ( head & und]p>ts slaty gray1 ! belly :iti%2 back r$di% br[n n>r[ly /reak$ ) black4 ,ad4 ,female1 ,?roat ) little or no black2 cr[n wa%$ ) br[ni%4 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,ad4 ,female1 b nev] ) black on ?roat2 cr[n m heavily wa%$ ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,song said to resemble t ( ,no4 #efc4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,mexico & s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f s\!rn ,new ,mexico & s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico & s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 ,engli% ,sp>r[4 --,engli% ,sp>r[ 7,pass] dome/icus74 ,l4 #f4c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat & upp] brea/ black2 cr[n slate2 b& beh9d eye & on nape *e/nut4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,bel[ dirty :ite2 cr[n & rump d+y grayi% br[n2 back /reak$ ) black & ru/y br[n2 a buffy /ripe beh9d eye4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil> to ,ad4 b ?roat & head tipp$ ) br[ni% gray4 ,notes4 ,h>% & discordant4 ,range4--,introduc$ into ,am]ica f ,europe 9 #ahea & lat] dates2 n[ di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #ecg4 ,illu/ration3 #ecg ,w9t]4 #ecg4 ,smi? ,longspur 7,calc>ius pictus74 ,l4 #f4f4 ,h9d toe-nail z long z toe2 two out] tail-fea!rs mo/ly :ite4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,?roat1 brea/ & belly buff2 nape buff2 cr[n & *eeks black2 e>-cov]ts & l9e ov] eye :ite2 less] w+-cov]ts black m>g9$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above br[ni% black m>g9$ ) buff & ru/y br[n2 bel[ pale buff1 sides ( brea/ & flanks /reak$ ) br[n4 ,male 9 w9t]4 ,l ,female b less] w+-cov]ts black & :ite4 ,notes4 ,call con/antly *irrup z !y fly4 7,goss47 ,range4--,middle we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s 9 nor!rn ,briti%4 ,am]ica2 w9t]s s\? ov] ! pla9s & prairies to ,texas2 ea/ to ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 #egi4 #egi4 ,ruf\s-w+$ ,sp>r[ 7,aimophila c>palis74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,out] tail-fea!rs %orte/4 ,ads4 ,less] w+-cov]ts bright r$di% br[n2 cr[n r$di% br[n or *e/nut m>g9$ ) gray2 back /reak$ ) black & m>g9$ ) grayi% br[n2 bel[ :iti%2 two black /reaks f ei!r side ( ! base ( ! l[] m&ible4 ,notes4 ,call1 zib1 zib1 zib4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,arizona1 nor? to ,tucson & ,camp ,l[ell & s\? ?r\gh ,sonora to nor!rn ,s9aloa4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ehj4 #ehj4 ,ruf\s-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ 7,aimophila ruficeps74 ,l4 #d2 ,t4 #b4f4 ,no yell[ at b5d ( w+2 out] tail-fea!rs %orte/4 ,ads4 ,above r$di% br[n m>g9$ ) buffy gray 7no black /reaks72 bel[1 includ+ middle ( belly1 br[ni%2 sides ( ?roat ) black l9es4 ,notes4 ,song1 v sweet1 resembl+ t ( ,lazuli ,bunt+1 b di/+ui%able4 7,c4 ,a4 ,all547 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,m>9 ,c\nty & ,sacram5to ,valley1 ,cali=nia2 local4 ,illu/ration3 #ehj;a4 #ehj;a4 ,scott ,sp>r[ 7,a4 r4 scottii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehj1 b above bright] r$di% br[n1 ! m>g9s to ! fea!rs gray]1 ! und]p>ts mu* pal]1 ! brea/ grayi%1 ! ?roat & middle ( ! belly :iti%4 ,range4--,nor?we/]n portion ( ,mexican plateau & adjac5t portions ( ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico & we/]n ,texas 7,el ,paso ,co47 7,ridgw47 #ehj;b4 ,rook ,sp>r[ 7,a4 r4 erem,aca74 ,l4 #f4 ,ads4 ,cr[n r$di% *e/nut1 back olive-br[n m>g9$ ) gray4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehj;a1 b back ( a diff]5t color f cr[n1 ! grayi% m>g9s wid]4 ,range4--,lime/one ,hill di/ricts ( middle ,texas1 f ,k9ney & ,mav]ick c\nties on ! ,rio ,gr&e1 nor!a/w>d to ,cook ,c\nty & we/w>d at lea/ to ,tom ,gre5 ,c\nty2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 #ehj;c4 ,laguna ,sp>r[ 7,a4 r4 sororia74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehj;a1 b bill some:at /\t]1 r$di% br[n above av]ag+ bright] & wid]4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #edj4 #edj4 ,vesp] ,sp>r[ 7,po,acetes gram9eus74 ,l4 #f4a4 ,out] tail-fea!r mo/ly :ite2 h9d toe-nail n long] ?an toe2 less] w+-cov]ts r$di% br[n4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black & *e/nut2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) black & *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip4 ,song1 l\d & musical ,look-look1 see-see1 me-me-me-me-me-me-s+1 foll[$ by a confusion ( notes4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 #edj;a4 ,we/]n ,vesp] ,sp>r[ 7,p4 g4 conf9is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edj1 b pal]1 less black above2 bill some:at m sl5d]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,pla9s to ! ,si]ra2 bre$s f ,arizona & ,new ,mexico nor? to ! ,saskat*ewan & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 #edj;b4 ,oregon ,vesp] ,sp>r[ 7,p4 g4 aff9is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edj;a1 b small]1 ,w4 #c2 bill /ill m sl5d]2 plumage br[n]1 m buffy2 br[n] ev5 ?an ,no4 #edj1 ! und]p>ts1 includ+ belly1 suffus$ ) buff4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s 9 we/]n ,oregon 7& nor?872 w9t]s s\?we/ ( ! ,si]ra to ,san ,diego1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ege4 #ege4 ,p9e-woods ,sp>r[ 7,peuc,aa ,a/ivalis74 ,l4 #e4h2 ,t4 #b4e4 ,b5d ( ! w+ yell[2 out] tail-fea!rs mu* %ort] ?an ! middle pair4 ,ads4 ,above r$di% *e/nut1 head & back /reak$ ) black & m>g9$ ) gray2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ fa9tly t+$ ) buff4 ,notes4 ,song1 exce$+ly sweet & pla9tive4 ,range4--,florida & s\!rn ,georgia2 w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,florida4 #ege;a4 ,ba*man ,sp>r[ 7,t4 ,a4 ba*manii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ege1 b above bright] r$di% *e/nut1 black speaks few] & usually conf9$ to back2 brea/ & sides deep] buff4 ,range4--,l[] ,mississippi ,valley1 we/ to s\!rn ,indiana & s\!rn ,ill9ois1 ea/ to ,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,virg9ia 7r>ely72 we/ to ,con*o ,c\nty1 ,texas2 w9t]s s\? 9 ,atlantic ,/ates1 to s\!rn ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #egf4 #egf4 ,bott]i ,sp>r[ 7,peuc,aa bott]i74 ,l4 #f2 ,t4 #b4h4 ,b5d ( w+ yell[2 out] tail-fea!rs %orte/4 ,ads4 ,above bright ru/y br[n 7ab\t ! color ( a ,field ,sp>r[71 head & back /reak$ ) black & m>g9$ ) gray2 bel[ buffy1 ! c5t] ( ! belly :iti%4 ,notes4 ,song1 beg9s ) a fa9t trill foll[$ by a succession ( disjo9t$ syllables1 *a1 *eewee1 wee1 wee1 wee1 wir4 7,h5%aw47 ,range4--,entire plateau ( ,mexico nor? to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley 9 ,texas & s\!rn ,arizona4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #egh4 #egh4 ,cass9 ,sp>r[ 7,peuc,aa cass9i74 ,l4 #f2 ,t4 #b4h4 ,b5d ( w+ yell[1 out] tail-fea!rs %orte/1 _! ends ) di/9ct grayi% pat*es4 ,ads4 ,above gray /reak$ ) dull r$di% br[n & spott$ or b>r$ ) black2 bel[ grayi% :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 l5g!n$ & pleas+1 usually sung on w+4 ,range4--,texas & s\!rn ,kansas we/ to s\!rn ,nevada & ,arizona s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eei4 #eei4 ,tree ,sp>r[ 7,spizella monticola74 ,l4 #f4c4 ,a black spot 9 ! c5t] ( ! brea/4 ,ads4 ,cap r$di% br[n1 no black on head2 two :ite w+-b>s1 back /reak$ black1 r$di% br[n & buff2 bel[ :iti%2 upp] m&ible black1 l[] yell[i%4 ,notes4 ,call1 a musical1 t9kl+1 too-lay-x1 song1 a l\d1 cle> & p[]ful *ant4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s 9 ,labrador & region we/ ( ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee & ,indian ,t]ritory4 #eei;a4 ,we/]n ,tree ,sp>r[ 7,s4 m4 o*racea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eei1 b back ) mu* less r$di% br[n1 l>gely br[ni% buff /reak$ ) black4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica ea/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s 9 ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,mexican bord]4 ,illu/ration3 #efj4 #efj4 ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ 7,spizella socialis74 ,l4 #e4c4 ,ads4 ,cr[n r$di% *e/nut1 =ehead blacki%2 a black l9e f eye to nape2 back /reak$ ) black1 r$di% br[n & grayi% br[n2 w+-b>s n conspicu\s2 bel[ grayi% :ite2 bill l>gely black4 ,yng4 ,cr[n l back2 *eeks br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip2 song1 an unmusical *ippy1 *ippy1 *ippy1 repeat$4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,newf\ndl& & ,great ,slave ,lake2 w9t]s 9 ! ,gulf ,/ates & ,mexico4 #efj;a4 ,we/]n ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ 7,s4 s4 arizon,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efj1 b mu* gray] above2 back ) little or no r$di% br[n4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,mexican bord] /ates to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,cali=nia & ,mexican bord] /ates to s\!rn ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #efc4 #efc4 ,field ,sp>r[ 7,spizella pusilla74 ,l4 #e4f2 ,t4 #b4e4 ,bill entirely p9ki% br[n4 ,ads4 ,cr[n r$di% br[n1 a gray l9e ov] ! eye1 a r$di% br[n /ripe f beh9d x to nape2 back r$di% br[n /reak$ ) black2 bel[ :iti%1 no /reaks1 brea/ wa%$ ) buffy2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip2 song1 a musical :i/le1 *]-we,a7,c71 *]-we,a7,c7-*]-we,a7,c71 che,a7,c7-o1 dee-e-e-e-e2 ) _m v>iations b usually end+ 9 a trill4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,alabama & c5tral ,texas nor? to ,quebec & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & ,ill9ois to ,gulf ,/ates4 #efc;a4 ,we/]n ,field ,sp>r[ 7,s4 p4 ar5acea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efc1 b mu* pal] above2 cr[n l>gely grayi%2 back ) b little r$di% br[n1 brea/ ) little or no buff2 tail long]1 #b4g4 ,range4--,great ,pla9s ( int]ior2 bre$s f ,nebraska & ,s\? ,dakota to ea/]n ,montana2 w9t]s s\? to nor!a/]n ,mexico2 casually to ,l\isiana4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ehd4 #ehd4 ,swamp ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza georgiana74 ,l4 #e4h4 ,ads4 ,=ehead black ) a gray m$ian l9e2 cr[n bright *e/nut2 bel[ grayi% :ite2 sides br[ni%1 nape gray2 back grayi%1 black1 & buff4 ,yng4 ,cr[n /reak$ *e/nut & black2 gray l9e ov] ! eye sometimes t+$ ) yell[2 o!r p>ts deep] 9 color4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *eep2 song1 a simple tweet-tweet-tweet1 etc41 all on "o note4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 & nor!rn ,ill9ois1 nor? to ,labrador & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,kansas1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,massa*usetts to ,gulf ,/ates4 #edb4 ,s&wi* ,sp>r[ 7,pass]culus s&wi*5sis74 ,l4 #e4g2 ,w4 #b4i ,a yell[ l9e f ! bill pass+ ov] ! eye2 b5d ( w+ usually t+$ ) yell[4 ,ads4 ,above /reak$ ) black1 *e/nut & br[ni% gray2 bel[ :ite1 7buffy 9 fall & w9t]71 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) black1 ! /reaks n>r[ly m>g9$ ) *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,d\btless resemble ^? ( ,no4 #edb;a4 ,range4--,nor?we/ coa/2 bre$s 9 we/]n ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #edb;a4 #edb;a4 ,savannah ,sp>r[ 7,p4 s4 savanna74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edb1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4g2 yell[ l9e ov] eye %ort] & less pron\nc$2 bill small]4 ,notes4 ,call a %>p tsip1 frequ5tly utt]$2 song1 a weak1 musical little trill foll[+ a gras%opp]like introduction1 tsip1 tsip1 tsip1 s,ae-e-e-s'r-r-r4 7,dwight47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey 7r>ely71 ea/]n ,long ,isl&1 & ,miss\ri nor? to ,labrador & we/]n ,hudson ,bay2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & s\!rn ,ill9ois to ,cuba & ,mexico4 #edb;b4 ,we/]n ,savannah ,sp>r[ 7,p4 s4 alaud9us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edb;a1 b bill m sl5d]1 color av]ag+ pal]1 ! yell[ l9e n pass+ ov] ! eye1 less evid5t be=e x & (t5 :olly want+4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,pla9s we/ to ! ,si]ra2 bre$s f ,mexico ,city nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 #edb;c4 ,bryant ,m>% ,sp>r[ 7,p4 s4 bryanti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edb;b1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4f2 colors mu* d>k]1 /reaks bel[ heavi]2 yell[ ov] eye m pron\nc$4 ,a d>k] bird ev5 ?an ,no4 #edb;a1 b ) ! bill sl5d] z 9 ,no4 #edb;b4 ,range4--,resid5t 9 salt m>%es ab\t ,san ,francisco & ,mont]ey ,bay2 w9t]s s\? to ,san ,p$ro 7,gr9nell72 casually to ,mexico ,city4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #edc4 #edc4 ,beld+ ,sp>r[ 7,pass]culus beld+i74 ,l4 #e2 ,w4 #b4e4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #edb;c1 b some:at small]1 above d>k] & ) a slight olive ca/e2 und]p>ts m heavily /reak$4 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/2 salt m>%es f ,todos ,santos ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,santa ,b>b>a4 ,illu/ration3 #edd4 #edd4 ,l>ge-bill$ ,sp>r[ 7,pass]culus ro/ratus74 ,l4 #e4e2 ,w4 #b4f4 ,bill /\t1 upp] m&ible curv$2 no yell[ be=e eye or on b5d ( w+4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n m>k$ ) br[n & blacki% b )\t well-def9$ /reaks2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) grayi% br[n1 ! /reak$ fea!rs c5trally blacki%4 ,range4--,coa/ ( s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,santa ,b>b>a2 w9t]s s\? to ,cape ,/4 ,lucas & nor?we/]n ,mexico4 #edd;a4 ,/4 ,lucas ,sp>r[ 7,p4 r4 guttatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edd1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4e2 bill m sl5d]2 upp]p>ts br[ni% gray ) an olive t9t & /reak$ ) d>k]2 simil> to ,no4 #edd;c1 b small]1 upp]p>ts m olive & m widely1 b less %>ply /reak$4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia 9 w9t]2 bre$+ range unkn[n4 #edd;b4 ,lagoon ,sp>r[ 7,p4 r4 halophilus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edd;a1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #b4g1 & d>k]2 /reaks on *e/ ) little if any br[n edg+2 diff]+ f ,no4 #edc1 9 m uni=m coloration ( upp]p>ts1 9 less n>r[ & decid$ly blacki% /reaks on *e/1 etc4 ,range4--,salt m>%es1 ,abreojos ,po9t1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #edd;c4 ,san ,b5ito ,sp>r[ 7,p4 r4 sanctorum74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edd1 b bill m sl5d]2 above gray] 7br[ni% gray7 di/9ctly /reak$ ) blacki%1 ! /reaks m>g9$ ) br[n2 bel[ /reak$ ) black1 ! /reaks n>r[ly m>g9$ ) br[ni%4 ,range4--,bre$s on ,san ,b5ito ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia2 9 w9t] to ,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ede4 #ede4 ,baird ,sp>r[ 7,coturniculus bairdii74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,tail-fea!rs po9t$1 middle ones %orte/4 ,ads4 ,cr[n yell[i% br[n1 /reak$ ) black2 back black m>g9$ ) *e/nut & grayi%2 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) black4 ,9 fall & w9t]1 colors ri*]4 ,notes4 ,song1 trick-e-trik-eeeee-*iky-le-roit1 ) a peculi> t9kl+ utt]ance4 ,range4--,great ,pla9s2 bre$s f we/]n ,m9nesota1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ea/]n ,montana1 nor? to ,manitoba & ,ass9iboia2 w9t]s s\? to ,texas1 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #edf4 #edf4 ,gras%opp] ,sp>r[ 7,coturniculus savann>um pass]9us74 ,l4 #e4c4 ,l9e be=e eye orange2 b5d ( w+ yell[2 tail-fea!rs po9t$4 ,ads4 ,cr[n black ) a buffy c5tral /ripe2 nape *e/nut & gray2 back black1 *e/nut buff & gray2 bel[ buffy1 un/reak$1 belly :it]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *ip2 song1 a weak1 insect-l pit-tuck1 zee-e-e-e-e-e-e4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates to ,massa*usetts1 ,v]mont1 & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,cuba & ,mexico4 #edf;a4 ,we/]n ,gras%opp] ,sp>r[ 7,c4 s4 bimaculatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edf1 b pal] bel[ & ) less black & m *e/nut above4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ,mexican bord] /ates nor? to ,montana & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 #edf;b4 ,florida ,gras%opp] ,sp>r[ 7,c4 s4 floridanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edf1 b small]1 ,w4 #c2 d>k] above1 pal] bel[2 sides ( cr[n almo/ solid black2 *e/nut above l>gely replac$ by black4 ,range4--,kissimmee ,prairies1 ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #edg4 #edg4 ,h5sl[ ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus h5sl[ii74 ,l4 #e4 ,b5d ( w+ yell[2 tail-fea!rs po9t$1 ! out] ones mu* ! %orte/4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & nape pale olive-gre5 /reak$ ) blacki%2 back bright r$di% br[n /reak$ ) black & gray2 bel[ :ite2 brea/ & sides wa%$ ) buff & /reak$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,call1 tee-wick2 song1 sis-r-r-rit-srit-srit4 7,j\y47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally1 f ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri1 nor? to ,new ,hamp%ire1 s\!rn ,ont>io & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri s\? to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 #edg;a4 ,we/]n ,h5sl[ ,sp>r[ 7,a4 h4 occid5talis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edg1 b pal]1 9 summ] little or no buff bel[4 ,range4--,c5tral we/]n /ates2 bre$+1 s f> z kn[n1 9 ,s\? ,dakota2 9 w9t] s\? to ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #edh4 #edh4 ,leconte ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus lecontei71 ,l4 #e4 ,no yell[ on w+2 tail-fea!rs po9t$1 out] ones mu* ! %orte/4 ,ads4 ,broad l9e ov] eye1 ?roat1 brea/ & sides ri* buff2 nape *e/nut & gray2 back black n>r[ly m>g9$ ) *e/nut &1 at ! sides1 broadly ) buff2 sides /reak$2 brea/ r>ely ) a few /reaks4 ,notes4 ,call1 a ?91 %>p1 tweet1 & a long-drawn bizz2 song1 a t9y1 husky1 reese1 reese4 7,seton47 ,range4--,great ,pla9s & m we/]n prairies2 bre$+ f ,dakota1 ,m9nesota1 etc41 to ,manitoba1 migrat+ s\? & ea/1 9 w9t]1 ?r\gh ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 etc41 to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,gulf ,/ates f ,florida to ,texas4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ecc4 #ecc4 ,p9e ,f9* 7,sp9us p9us74 ,l4 #e4 ,bill %>ply po9t$2 a tuft ( bri/ly fea!rs ov] ! no/ril2 tail slightly =k$4 ,ads4 ,base ( tail1 ( inn] w+-fea!rs & out] edges ( prim>ies yell[2 above br[ni%2 bel[ :iti% /reak$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,call1 a metallic note2 song1 t9kl+ & musical (t5 sung on ! w+ z ) ,no4 #ebi1 ! song ( :i* x resembles4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn b\nd>y /ates to ,alaska2 9 ! ,alleghanies s\? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 & 9 ! ,rockies & ,si]ra s\? to ,mexico2 w9t]s f ! nor!rn /ates to ,gulf /ates & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #eda4 #eda4 ,ipswi* ,sp>r[ 7,pass]culus pr9ceps74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ads4 ,above pale br[ni% gray /reak$ ) br[n2 bel[ :ite1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) br[ni%2 spot above eye & b5d ( w+ (t5 pale sulphur yell[4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #edb;a4 ,range4--,bre$s on ,sable ,isl&1 ,nova ,scotia1 w9t]s s\? along coa/1 regul>ly to ,virg9ia1 r>ely to ,georgia4 ,illu/ration3 #edi4 #edi4 ,%>p-tail$ ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus caudacutus74 ,l4 #e4h4 ,tail-fea!rs %>ply po9t$1 out] ones %orte/4 ,ads4 ,bel[ :ite1 brea/ & sides wa%$ ) buff & di/9ctly /reak$ ) black2 nape olive-gre52 *eeks orange-buff2 e>-cov]ts gray2 cr[n olive-*ocolate ) a blue-gray c5tral l9e2 back olive1 buff1 black & gray4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip2 song1 an unmusical1 %ort1 husky1 gasp+ ef=t1 utt]$ f a p]* or on flutt]+ w+s above ! re$s4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/2 bre$s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a to ,new ,hamp%ire2 w9t]s f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #edi4a4 #edi4a4 ,nelson ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus nelsoni74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,tail-fea!rs po9t$1 out] ones %orte/4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #edi1 b brea/ & sides mu* deep] buff1 ! =m] ) few or no /reaks2 upp]p>ts m ri*ly color$4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #edi4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 int]ior f nor!rn ,ill9ois to ,manitoba & ,s\? ,dakota2 migrates ea/ to ,new ,york & w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,texas2 accid5tal 9 ,cali=nia4 #edi4a;a4 ,acadian ,%>p-tail$ ,sp>r[ 7,a4 n4 subvirgatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edi4a1 b brea/ & sides pal]1 ! =m] lightly b di/9ctly /reak$ ) grayi%2 upp]p>ts less ri*ly color$4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/2 bre$s 9 m>%es ( ea/]n ,ma9e1 s\!rn ,new ,brunswick1 & ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&2 w9t]s s\? to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #eej4 #eej4 ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus m>itimus74 ,l4 #f3 ,w4 #b4e4 ,tail-fea!rs po9t$1 ! out] ones %orte/2 spot be=e eye & b5d ( w+ yell[4 ,ads4 ,above olive-gre5 & gray 7no black72 bel[ :ite1 brea/ & sides grayi% &1 9 fir/ plumage1 /reak$ ) buff4 ,notes4 ,simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ,no4 #edi4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/2 bre$s 9 salt m>%es f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to s\!rn ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia to ,georgia4 #eej;a4 ,scott ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,a4 m4 peninsul,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eej1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4c2 above black m>g9$ by olive-br[n & olive-gre52 bel[ :iti%1 brea/ & sides heavily /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/ f nor!a/]n ,florida to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,gulf ,coa/ ( ,florida4 #eej;b4 ,texas ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,a4 m4 s5netti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eej1 b gre5] above2 ! fea!rs ( head & back usually1 ^? ( nape always1 ) black c5tres4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #eej;c4 #eej;c4 ,fi%] ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,a4 m4 fi%]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eej;a1 b d>k] above1 ! brea/ & sides heavily wa%$ ) ru/y buff & /reak$ ) black4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,l\isiana1 s\? 9 w9t]1 at lea/ z f> z ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ,texas2 casual on ,gulf coa/ ( ,florida4 #eej;d4 ,macgillivray ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,a4 m4 macgillivraii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eej;c1 b above gray]1 less black1 brea/ & flanks b fa9tly wa%$ ) buff & /reak$ ) dusky grayi%4 ,gray] above ?an ,no4 #eej;a1 & less heavily /reak$ bel[4 ,range4--,local on coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #eea4 #eea4 ,dusky ,seaside ,sp>r[ 7,ammodramus nigresc5s74 ,l4 #e4i4 ,above black lightly m>g9$ ) gray2 bel[ :ite heavily /reak$ ) black2 spot be=e eye & b5d ( w+ yell[4 ,notes4 ,simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ,no4 #eej4 ,range4--,m>%es at head ( ,indian ,riv]1 ,florida1 f ,banana ,riv] to ,haulov] ,canal4 ,illu/ration3 #ehc4 #ehc4 ,l9coln ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza l9colnii74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,a broad buff b& across ! brea/2 c5t] ( cr[n ) a gray /ripe1 its sides /rip$ *e/nut & black2 back grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black & *e/nut1 bel[ /reak$ ) black except on middle ( :ite belly4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *irp2 song1 sugge/s bubbl+1 guttural notes ( ,h\se ,wr5 comb9$ ) rippl+ music ( ! ,purple ,f9*4 7,dwight47 7,see1 also1 ,brew/]1 ,bird-,lore ,,ii1 ,p4 #aaa47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,ill9ois & high] p>ts ( ,rockies & ,si]ra nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & s\!rn ,cali=nia into ,mexico2 r>e ea/ ( ,alleghanies4 #ehc;a4 ,=bu% ,sp>r[ 7,m4 l4 /riata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehc1 b br[n] above1 cr[n-/ripe & l9e ov] eye m br[n ?an gray4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,briti% ,columbia to ,cali=nia2 bre$+ range unkn[n4 ,illu/ration3 #eed4 #eed4 ,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ 7,zonotri*ia leucophrys74 ,l4 #f4i4 ,no yell[ be=e eye4 ,ads4 ,:ite /ripe ov] eye n rea*+ to bill2 lores black2 brea/ gray1 ?roat b little pal]2 back gray /reak$ ) br[n1 rump br[n]1 ,yng4 ,black cr[n-/ripes replac$ by *e/nut1 ! :ite ones by buff2 back mu* br[n]1 no gray4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *ip2 song1 a pla9tive1 musical :i/le usually ( five or six notes1 ! fir/ two longe/4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& & 79 ! high] ,rockies & ,si]ra7 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & ,cali=nia nor? to ,labrador & ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #eed;a4 #eed;a4 ,int]m$iate ,sp>r[ 7,z4 l4 gambeli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #edd1 b ! lores :olly gray or :iti%1 ! :ite l9e ov] ! eye rea*+ ! bill4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,montana & ea/]n ,oregon nor!a/ ( ,coa/ ,m\nta9s1 to l[] ,mack5zie & nor!rn ,alaska3 w9t]s f s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates into ,mexico2 casual 9 migrations ea/ to ,mississippi ,riv] ,/ates4 #eed;b4 ,nuttall ,sp>r[ 7,z4 l4 nuttalli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eed;a1 b small]1 ,l4 #f4e1 m>g9s to fea!rs ( back br[n]1 und]p>ts br[n]1 b5d ( w+ yell[4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ di/rict1 bre$+ f ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia1 to ,mt4 ,simpson1 ,briti% ,columbia1 s\? 9 w9t] to ,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #eeg4 #eeg4 ,gold5-cr[n$ ,sp>r[ 7,zonotri*ia coronata74 ,l4 #g4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,c5t] ( cr[n yell[1 its sides black2 bel[ grayi% :ite1 sides br[ni%2 back br[n /reak$ ) black2 two :ite w+-b>s2 b5d ( w+ yell[4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,cr[n l back2 its front t+$ ) yell[2 brea/ wa%$ ) br[ni%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s 9 ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,oregon s\? to nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #eeh4 #eeh4 ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[ 7,zonotri*ia albicollis74 ,l4 #f4g4 ,a yell[ m>k be=e ! eye & on b5d ( w+4 ,ads4 ,cr[n black1 a n>r[ :ite /ripe ?r\gh its c5t] & b\nd$ by :ite beh9d ! eye2 ?roat :ite %>ply def9$ f gray brea/2 back r$di% br[n /reak$ ) black4 ,yng4 ,less yell[ be=e eye1 cr[n br[n]1 its /ripe gray2 ?roat gray]1 sometimes l brea/4 ,notes4 ,call1 a l[ tseep1 & %>p *9k2 song1 a musical1 cle>ly :i/l$ s[-:eat pev]ly1 pev]ly1 pev]ly2 or peabody1 peabody1 peabody4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,pla9s1 casually to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ,massa*usetts 7locally72 nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,mi*igan1 & ea/]n ,montana1 nor? to ,labrador & ,we/ ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts 7r>ely7 & ,ill9ois s\? to ! ,gulf4 ,illu/ration3 #efa4 #efa4 ,clay-color$ ,sp>r[ 7,spizella pallida74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,no r$di% br[n4 ,ads4 ,above grayi% br[n /reak$ ) black2 sides ( cr[n l>gely-black1 a grayi% l9e ?r\gh its c5t]2 sides ( head br[ni%2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 ?ree notes1 & a slight trill4 7,c\es47 ,range4--,int]ior ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,ill9ois to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f ea/]n ,colorado1 & nor?we/]n ,ill9ois nor? to ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,texas into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #efb4 #efb4 ,brew] ,sp>r[ 7,spizella brew]i74 ,l4 #e4d4 ,no r$di% br[n4 ,ads4 ,back & cr[n br[ni% gray1 uni=mly & n>r[ly /reak$ ) black2 sides ( head grayi%2 bel[ :ite4 ,gray] ?an ,no4 #efa1 ! sides ( ! cr[n n l>gely black4 ,notes4 ,call1 *ip2 song1 a re$y w>ble resembl+ 9 tone t ( a ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr54 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! ,rockies to c5tral ,cali=nia2 bre$s f ,mexican bord] ,/ates nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #egd4 #egd4 ,bell ,sp>r[ 7,amphispiza belli74 ,l4 #f4a2 ,w4 #b4g4 ,ads4 ,sides ( ?roat ) black /reaks2 c5t] ( brea/ ) black spots2 above grayi% br[n1 usually )\t di/9ct /reaks1 no :ite 9 tail4 ,range4--,pacific coa/1 f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor?we/ ( ,si]ras1 to ,w>r5 c\nty1 ,cali=nia2 resid5t4 #egd;a4 ,sage ,sp>r[ 7,a4 b4 nevad5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #egd1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4a2 back br[ni% gray1 usually f9ely b di/9ctly /reak$ ) black2 less black at sides ( ?roat1 usually a :ite /ripe ov] ! eye4 ,notes4 ,call1 a *ipp+ twitt]2 song1 feeble1 b sweet & sad4 7,b4 ,b4 ,r47 ,range4--,great ,bas9 region2 bre$s f ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia nor? to ,idaho & ea/]n ,oregon2 w9t]s s\? to we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #egd;b4 ,gray ,sage ,sp>r[ 7,a4 b4 c9]ea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #egd1 b pal] above1 ?roat-/ripes n>r[]1 m int]rupt$1 brea/-spot small]1 bo? /ripes & spot dull grayi% in/ead ( blacki%4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #efd4 #efd4 ,wor!n ,sp>r[ 7,spizella wor!ni74 ,resembles ,no4 #efc;a1 b sides ( head pla9 gray1 no br[ni% /reak beh9d eye2 tail %ort]1 #b4e4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,new ,mexico 7,silv] ,city71 s\?w>d ov] ea/]n bord] ( ,mexican plateau to s\!rn ,puebla2 bre$+ f ,tamaulipas nor?w>d4 7,ridgw47 ,,ea/]n ,,song ,,sp>r[ ,,gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 #eha4 #eha4 ,song ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza c9]ea melodia74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ads4 ,above r$di% br[n & gray ) black /reaks2 tail ) a decid$ ruf\s t+e2 black /reaks bel[ conspicu\sly m>g9$ ) r$di% br[n1 ^? ( c5t] ( brea/ =m+ a pat*4 ,notes4 ,call1 a *>act]i/ic *imp or tr9k2 song1 too v>iable 9 =m to admit ( brief description b unmi/akable 9 tone ?r\gh\t ! :ole gr\p4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,virg9ia & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ,quebec & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,massa*usetts to ,gulf ,/ates4 #eha;b4 ,m\nta9 ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 montana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha1 b gray]2 r$di% br[n n s bright2 bill small]4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 di/rict ( ,unit$ ,/ates we/ to1 & includ+ ,si]ra ,nevada 9 ,cali=nia2 nor? to ea/]n ,oregon1 s\!rn ,idaho1 & s\!rn ,montana2 s\? 9 w9t] to we/]n ,texas & nor!rn ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 #ehak4 ,m]rill ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 m]rilli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;b1 b slightly d>k] & m uni=m above1 ) grayi% edg+s to int]scapul>s & scapul>s less /rongly contra/$ ) ! d>k] mesial /reaks1 ! latt] usually ) m br[n ?an black4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,bre$s f nor!rn ,cali=nia 7,%a/a ,c\nty7 9 m\nta9s & ?r\gh ,oregon & ,wa%+ton ea/ ( ,cascade ,m\nta9s1 to nor?we/]n ,idaho2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 #eha;j4 ,dakota ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 juddi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha1 b above pal]1 especially l9e ov] eye & sides ( neck2 :ite bel[ cle>]2 int]scapul>s ) black c5t] broad]1 r$di% br[n portions n>r[]2 d>k m>k+s on brea/ re/rict$ & m %>ply def9$4 7,bi%op47 ,range4--,turtle ,m\nta9s & vic9ity1 ,nor? ,dakota4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,,des]t ,,song ,,sp>r[s4 ,illu/ration3 #eha;a4 #eha;a4 ,des]t ,song ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza c9]ea fallax74 ,w4 #b4e4 ,above r$di% br[n & gray2 bel[ :ite ) r$di% br[n /reaks2 usually no black 9 plumage4 ,range4--,l[] ,sonoran di/rict ( s\?we/ ,arizona1 s\!rn ,nevada1 s\!a/ ,cali=nia & nor?we/ ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,sonora4 7,ridgw47 #eha;g4 ,br[n ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 rivul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;a1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #b4g1 ) long]1 m sl5d] & m compress$ bill2 /ill less /rongly contra/$ m>k+s1 & dull]1 less rufesc5t colors4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,m\nta9 di/ricts ( s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 ,,cali=nia ,,song ,,sp>r[s4 ,illu/ration3 #eha;c4 #eha;c4 ,he]mann ,song ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza c9]ea he]manni74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #b4e4 ,ads4 ,above *e/nut olive-gray ) usually di/9ct black /reaks2 tail )\t a decid$ ruf\s t+e2 black /reaks bel[ n conspicu\sly bord]$ by ruf\s4 ,range4--,c5tral valleys ( ,cali=nia includ+ l[] levels ( ,sacram5to & ,san ,joaqu9 bas9s4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #eha;f4 ,,cali=nia ,,song ,,sp>r[s4 #eham4 ,san ,diego ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 coop]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;c1 b slightly small]1 ,w4 #b4d1 mu* light] & gray]4 ,range4--,s\!rn coa/ di/rict ( ,cali=nia nor? to ,mont]ey ,bay1 ea/ to ,ft4 ,tejon1 ,san ,b]n>d9o1 etc41 & nor? ,pacific coa/ di/rict ( ,l[] ,cali=nia s\? to ,san ,qu5t9 ,bay4 7,ridgw47 #eha;d4 ,samuels ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 samuelis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;c1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4d1 bill m sl5d]4 ,range4--,coa/ slope ( c5tral ,cali=nia 7except salt m>%es ( ,san ,francisco ,bay71 f ,santa ,cruz ,c\nty to ,humboldt ,c\nty1 nor?1 at lea/ 9 w9t]1 to ,humboldt ,bay4 7,ridgw47 #ehal4 ,alam$a ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 pusillula74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;a1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4c1 less ru/y1 und]p>ts m heavily /reak$1 usually m or less suffus$ ) yell[i%4 ,range4--,salt m>%es ( ,san ,francisco ,bay1 ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 #eha;i4 ,san ,clem5te ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 clement,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eham1 b l>g] & gray]4 ,range4--,san ,clem5te1 ,san ,miguel1 & ,santa ,rosa ,isl&s1 ,santa ,b>b>a ,gr\p1 ,cali=nia2 ,coronados ,isl&s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 #eha;h4 ,santa ,b>b>a ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 gram9ea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;i1 b mu* small]1 ,w4 #b4d4 ,range4--,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s1 ,cali=nia ma9l& 9 w9t]4 ,,nor?we/ ,,coa/ ,,song ,,sp>r[s4 #eha;e4 ,ru/y ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 morphna74 ,w4 #b4g4 ,ads4 ,above )\t cle> gray & n di/9ctly /reak$2 prevail+ color d>k r$di% br[n2 bel[ heavily /reak$ ) same4 ,range4--,nor?we/ coa/ region1 ,oregon to ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? 9 w9t] to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 #eha;f4 ,sooty ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 ruf9a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;e1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #b4i1 m sooty above & bel[1 und]p>ts m heavily /reak$4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region f ,briti% ,columbia nor? to s\!rn ,alaska4 #ehan4 ,yukutat ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 caur9a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha;f1 bill long] & m sl5d]1 color gray]4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,mt4 ,/4 ,elias di/rict ( ,alaska1 f ,yakutat ,bay to ,lituya ,bay4 #ehao4 ,k5ai ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 k5ai5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehb1 b small]1 ,w4 #c1 plumage d>k]1 m sooty1 less ruf\s4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,k5ai ,p59sula1 ,alaska1 f ea/ side ( ,cook ,inlet to ,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd4 7,ridgw47 #eha4a4 ,kadiak ,isl& ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 c4 insignis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehao1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4b1 bill long]1 color gray]4 ,range4--,kadiak ,isl& & opposite coa/ ( ,alaska4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ehb4 #ehb4 ,aleutian ,song ,sp>r[ 7,melospiza c9]ea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eha4a1 b l>g] & gray]2 l>ge/ & graye/ bird ( gr\p2 ,l4 #h2 ,w4 #c4d4 ,range4--,we/]n portion ( ,alaska ,p59sula 7,/epovak ,bay1 opposite ,%umag9 ,isl&s71 ,%umag9 ,isl&s1 & ,aleutian ,isl&s1 f ,unalaska to ,atka1 ,adak1 & ,attu4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ehe4 #ehe4 ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,pass]ella iliaca74 ,l4 #g4b4 ,back /reak$1 gray & r$di% br[n2 tail & spots bel[ bright r$di% br[n4 ,notes4 ,call1 a weak tseep2 song1 l\d1 sweet1 v>i$1 r++ & joy\s4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,magdal5 ,isl&s & ,manitoba1 nor?we/ to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia to ! ,gulf ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #ehe;a4 #ehe;a4 ,%umag9 ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 unalas*5sis74 ,back n di/9ctly /reak$1 mu* pal] ?an ,no4 #ehe2 spots bel[ grayi% br[n2 pale/ ( pres5t gr\p4 ,range4--,alaska1 ,%umag9 ,isl&s1 & ,alaskan ,p59sula to ,cook ,inlet4 --,kadiak ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 insul>is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehe;a1 b br[n] above & bel[2 tail ne>ly same z back2 brea/ spots l>g]4 ,range4--,kadiak ,isl&1 ,alaska1 9 summ]2 9 w9t] s\? along ! coa/ slope to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 --,sooty ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 fulig9osa74 ,ads4 ,above1 includ+ w+s & tail1 uni=m br[ni% umb]1 un/reak$2 bel[ heavily spott$ ) same4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,briti% ,columbia & nor?we/ ,wa%+ton2 s\? 9 w9t] to ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 --,t[ns5d ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 t[ns5di74 ,simil> to fulig9osa b m ruf\s4 ,range4--,s\!rn ,alaska nor? to ,cross ,s\nd2 s\? 9 w9t] to nor!rn ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 --,yakutat ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 annect5s74 ,simil> to t[ns5di b less ruf\s2 v ne> fulig9osa1 b n q s deeply color$4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,alaska1 f ,cross ,s\nd to ,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd 7to ,cook ,inlet872 9 w9t]1 s\? to ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 #ehe;b4 ,?ick-bill$ ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 meg>hyn*a74 ,l4 #g4c2 ,w4 #c4c2 dep? ( ,b4 at base1 4#d4 ,ads4 ,above & spots bel[ gray2 w+s & tail light br[n2 bill l>ge4 ,notes4 ,song1 resembles t ( ,no4 #ehe1 b is recognizably diff]5t4 ,range4--,bre$+ 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada 7bo? slopes7 f ,mt4 ,%a/a s\?w>d2 9 w9t] beyond ,si]ras z f> z ,los ,angeles ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ehe;c4 #ehe;c4 ,slate-color$ ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 s*i/acea74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ehe;b1 b small]1 bill small]2 ,w4 #c4b2 dep? ( ,b4 at base1 4#ce4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 di/rict ( ,unit$ ,/ates & ,briti% ,columbia2 bre$s f m ea/]n ranges ( ,colorado we/ to ,:ite ,m\nta9s 9 s\!a/]n ,colorado1 m\nta9s ( nor!a/]n ,cali=nia & ea/]n ,oregon2 nor? to int]ior ( ,briti% ,columbia2 9 migrations1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 we/]n slopes ( ,si]ra ,nevada1 we/]n ,kansas4 7,ridgw47 #ehe;d4 ,/eph5s ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 /eph5si74 ,simil> 9 coloration to ,no4 #ehe;b1 b l>g]1 ! bill conspicu\sly s2 ,w4 #c4d2 dep? ( ,b4 at base 4#f4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,bre$+ on ,san ,b]n>d9o & ,san ,jac9to ,m\nta9s2 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #fgd4 #fgd4 ,ov5-bird 7,seiurus aurocapillus74 ,l4 #f4a4 ,ads4 ,no w+-b>s2 no :ite 9 tail2 above br[ni% olive-gre52 cr[n orange-br[n bord]$ by black2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,call1 a weak *eep2 song1 a cresc5do tea*] repeat$ ab\t five times2 also a wild1 ec/atic flight song4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f ,virg9ia & ,kansas nor? to ,labrador & nor?we/ to ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,florida s\? to ,we/ ,indies & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 7,said to bre$ 9 ,bahamas47 ,illu/ration3 #fge4 #fge4 ,wat]-,?ru% 7,seiurus noveborac5sis74 ,l4 #f2 ,w4 #c4 ,a :iti% l9e ov] eye2 above olive2 bel[ pale sulphur yell[ heavily /reak$ ) blacki%2 ?roat spott$2 no w+-b>s or tail-pat*es4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p *9k2 song1 a high-pit*$1 liquid :i/le1 sweet1 sweet1 sweet1 *u-*u-wee *u4 7,jones47 ,also a flight song4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& & nor!rn ,ill9ois1 nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,hudson ,bay1 & s\? along ! ,alleghanies to ,we/ ,virg9ia2 w9t]s f ,florida to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 #fge;a4 ,gr9nell ,wat]-,?ru% 7,s4 n4 notabilis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fge1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4a2 upp]p>ts d>k]1 less olive2 und]p>ts less yell[4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,m9nesota1 we/]n ,nebraska1 & probably m nor!rn ,rocky ,m\nta9 di/rict ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor? to ,alaska2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates s\?w>d2 9 migration ea/ to ,mississippi valley1 r>ely to ,atlantic ,/ates f ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #fgf4 #fgf4 ,l\isiana ,wat]-,?ru% 7,seiurus motacilla74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ads4 ,a :ite l9e ov] eye2 above grayi% olive2 bel[ buffy :ite2 brea/ & sides /reak$2 no spots on ?roat2 no w+-b>s or tail-pat*es4 ,notes4 ,call1 a %>p1 metallic *9k2 song1 a sudd5 outbur/ ( l\d wild1 r++ notes2 also a flight song4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,gulf ,/ates to ,connecticut1 l[] ,hudson ,valley1 & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s 9 tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fig4 #fig4 ,am]ican ,pipit3 ,titl>k 7,an?us p5silvanicus74 ,l4 #f4d4 ,h9d toe-nail mu* ! longe/4 ,ads4 ,out] tail-fea!r l>gely :ite2 next "o only tipp$ ) :ite2 upp]p>ts grayi% br[n indi/9ctly /reak$2 und]p>ts ri* buff1 brea/ & sides /reak$ ) blacki%4 ,yng4 & ,ads4 9 ,w9t]4 ,less gray above1 pal] bel[4 ,notes4 ,call1 a s(t dee-dee usually utt]$ 9 flight2 a flight song4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica bre$+ 9 ,arctic regions & 9 ! high] p>ts ( ! ,rockies f ,colorado nor?w>d 7also on ,mt4 ,%a/a872 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,nevada & ,gulf ,/ates s\? ?r\gh ,mexico to ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gjj4 #gjj4 ,sprague ,pipit 7,an?us spraguei74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,h9d toe-nail mu* l5g!n$2 two out] tail-fea!rs l>gely :ite4 ,ads4 ,above /reak$ ) buff & blacki% br[n2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) buff2 brea/ /reak$4 ,9 w9t]1 simil>1 b less br[n above1 less buff bel[4 ,notes4 ,song1 utt]$ on ! w+ :5 sev]al hundr$ feet above ! e>?1 sweet & f> rea*+1 resembl+ at beg9n+ song ( ,skyl>k4 ,range4--,int]ior pla9s ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ f pla9s ( ! ,yell[/one nor?w>d to ,saskat*ewan di/rict & f ! ,r$ ,riv] we/w>d 7probably to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s72 s\? 9 w9t] on ! tablel&s ( ,mexico to ,puebla2 accid5tal 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,illu/ration3 #gjb4 #gjb4 ,sage ,?ra%] 7,oroscoptes montanus74 ,l4 #h4g4 ,ads4 ,above br[ni% gray2 bel[ :iti% heavily /reak$ ) blacki%2 out] tail-fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,call1 a l[ *uck2 song1 defici5t 9 p[] b possess+ sweetness1 vivacity & v>iety2 resembl+ song ( ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let4 7,ridgway47 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f we/]n ,s\? ,dakota1 we/]n ,nebraska & ea/]n ,colorado1 nor? to ,montana1 we/ to ! ,cascades & ,si]ra ,nevada1 s\? into nor!rn ,mexico & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gje4 #gje4 ,br[n ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma rufum74 ,l4 #aa4e2 ,w4 #d4a2 ,b4 4#ie4 ,ads4 ,above1 w+s & tail ruf\s or ru/y br[n2 bel[ :ite heavily /reak$ ) blacki%2 two :ite w+-b>s4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a %>p kiss+ note & a cle>ly :i/l$ whe,a7,c7u2 song1 l\d1 musical1 v>i$1 f9i%$ & ri* 9 tone4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,ma9e & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & ! l[] ,mississippi ,valley s\?w>d4 #gjf4 ,s5nett ,?ra%] 7,toxo/oma longiro/re s5netti74 ,l4 #aa4e2 ,w4 #d2 ,b4 #a4a4 ,ads4 ,simil> to ,no4 #gje1 b w+ %ort]1 bill long]1 upp]p>ts less bright1 /reaks bel[ black]4 ,notes4 ,resemble ^? ( ,no4 #gje1 b song ev5 f9]4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,texas f ,corpus ,*ri/i s\? into nor!a/]n ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gac4 #gac8 ,texan ,cactus ,wr5 7,heleodytes brunneicapillus c\esi74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,l>ge/ ( our ,wr5s4 ,ads4 ,above br[n1 head d>k]1 back /reak$ ) :ite2 bel[1 includ+ *91 heavily m>k$ ) black4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 h>% cack-cack-cack-cack4 ,range4--,rio ,gr&e region ( ,texas & adjo9+ ,mexican /ates1 we/ to ! ea/]n ,des]t ,tract1 s\? ov] ! ,mexican tablel&4 7,me>ns47 #gac;a4 ,bryant ,cactus ,wr5 7,h4 b4 bryanti74 ,diff]s f ,no4 #gac;b1 9 heavi] spott+ bel[1 & 9 p]fectly b>r$ tail & slight wa% ( ruf\s on belly & flanks4 7,an?ony47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 we/ ( ! ,coa/ ,range4 7,me>ns47 #gac;b4 ,/4 ,lucas ,cactus ,wr5 7,h4 b4 aff9is74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #gac;c1 b all ! tail-fea!rs1 except middle pair1 b>r$ ) :ite = _! :ole l5g?2 flanks :ite or v pale buff1 ) l>ge r\nd$ or te>-%ap$ spots4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #gac;c8 ,des]t ,cactus ,wr5 7,h4 b4 an?onyi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gac1 b pal] above2 *9 )\t spots4 ,range4--,int]ior des]ts ( ! s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 s\? into ,mexico & nor!a/]n ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,me>ns47 ,illu/ration3 #gee4 #gee4 ,wood ,?ru% 7,hyloci*la mu/el9a74 ,l4 #h4b4 ,ads4 ,above bright c9namon1 brighte/ on head2 bel[ :ite ) l>ge1 r\nd$ black spots4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a %>p pit-pit1 a liquid quirt1 & a s(t tut-tut-tut2 song1 bo? flute-l & bell-l2 sung ) frequ5t pauses & l[ notes4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,virg9ia & ,kansas to ,v]mont1 ,quebec1 & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gae4 #gae4 ,rock ,wr5 7,salp9ctes obsoletus74 ,l4 #e4g4 ,ads4 ,rump ru/y2 tail tipp$ & out] fea!rs b>r$ ) pale ru/y2 above grayi% br[n lightly speckl$ ) blacki%2 bel[1 includ+ belly1 :iti%2 brea/ obscurely /reak$ ) br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,calls1 ,wr5-l2 song1 sweet1 v>i$ & ,mock+bird-l4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! we/]n bord] ( ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific1 nor? to ,dakota1 ,montana1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 s\? on ! tablel&s ( ,mexico & ,guatemala to ,salvador2 bre$s ?r\gh\t its range1 & is resid5t f ab\t ! s\!rn1 bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates s\?w>d4 7,a4,o4,u47 #gaf4 ,guadalupe ,rock ,wr5 7,salp9ctes guadel\p5sis74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #gae1 b d>k] & br[n]1 ) *e/1 etc41 m di/9ctly speckl$2 w+s & tail %ort]2 bill & t>si long]2 ,w4 #b4f2 ,t4 #b4b4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gag4 #gag4 ,:ite-?roat$ ,wr5 7,ca!rpes mexicanus albifrons74 ,l4 #f2 ,w4 #b4g4 ,ads4 ,belly1 rump1 & all tail-fea!rs ru/y2 tail b>r$ ) black2 ?roat :ite2 back ru/y br[n4 ,range4--,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley 9 ,texas & s\?w>d into nor!a/]n ,mexico4 #gag;a4 ,canon ,wr5 7,c4 m4 consp]sus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gag1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4c2 tail-b>s n>r[]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a r++ d9k2 song1 a s]ies ( ab\t sev51 l\d1 r++ :i/les utt]$ 9 a regul>ly desc5d+ scale4 ,range4--,great ,bas9 & ,rocky ,m\nta9 region1 f ! ,si]ra ,nevada & ,cascades ea/w>d to s\!rn ,idaho1 ,wyom+1 ,colorado & we/]n ,texas3 s\? on ! tablel& ( ,mexico to ,aguas ,cali5tes2 bre$s ne>ly ?r\gh\t its range2 resid5t 9 s\!rn p>ts ( its ,unit$ ,/ates di/ribution4 7,a4,o4,u47 #gag;b4 ,dott$ ,canon ,wr5 7,c4 m4 punctulatus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gag;a1 b d>k]2 m ne>ly resembl+ ,no4 #gag 9 colors1 b small] 9 size4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,oregon2 resid5t4 ,illu/ration3 #gah4 #gah4 ,c>ol9a ,wr5 7,?ryo?orus ludovicianus74 ,l4 #e4e2 ,w4 #b4c2 ,b4 4#f4 ,ads4 ,above bright ru/-br[n2 bel[ wa%$ ) same1 ?roat & l9e ov] eye :ite4 ,notes4 ,calls1 ,wr5-l2 song1 a great v>iety ( l\d1 musical :i/les1 :ee-udel1 :ee-udel1 :ee-udel or tea-kettle1 tea-kettle1 tea-kettle1 etc4 ,range--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ! l[] ,hudson ,valley 7& casually ,massa*usetts71 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & s\!rn ,i[a2 resid5t4 #gah;a4 ,florida ,wr5 7,t4 l4 miam5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gah1 b d>k] above1 m deeply color$ bel[2 l>g]1 ,w4 #b4d2 ,b4 4#g4 ,range4--,florida1 f ,pasco & ,brev>d c\nties s\?w>d4 #gah;b4 ,lomita ,wr5 7,t4 l4 lomit5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gah1 b br[n]1 less ruf\s above1 rump ) m :ite spots2 bel[ pal]1 ! flanks usually b>r$4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #gai4 #gai4 ,bewick ,wr5 7,?ryomanes bewickii74 ,l4 #e2 ,w4 #b4b2 ,t4 #b4a4 ,ads4 ,above ri*1 d>k c9namon-br[n1 tail gray]2 bel[ grayi% :ite2 all b middle pair ( tail-fea!rs black1 out] ones b>r$1 o!rs tipp$ ) grayi%4 ,notes4 ,call1 a s(t1 l[1 plit2 song1 /rongly sugge/+ t ( ,song ,sp>r[4 ,range4--,mississippi ,valley we/ to ! ,pla9s1 nor? to ,lat4 #dj;,a deg41 ea/ to ,alleghanies & locally to ,atlantic ,/ates f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey to ,georgia4 #gai;a4 ,vigors ,wr5 7,t4 b4 spilurus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai1 b small]1 ,w4 #b2 upp]p>ts less c9namon or r$di%4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ,si]ra ,nevada & s\? to ,santa ,cruz ,isl&4 7,bailey47 #gai;b4 ,baird ,wr5 7,t4 b4 leucoga/]74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai;c1 b upp]p>ts gray]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,texas to s\!a/]n ,cali=nia1 & f s\!rn ,nevada ,utah1 & ,colorado s\? ov] tablel&s ( ,mexico to ,zacatecas4 7,bailey47 #gai;c4 ,texas ,bewick ,wr5 7,t4 b4 cryptus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai1 b gray]1 br[n ( upp]p>ts n s ri*2 slightly l>g]1 ,w4 #b4c4 ,range4--,texas1 except ! extreme we/]n corn]1 /ates ( ,nuevo ,leon & ,tamaulipas1 9 ,mexico1 ) probably ,kansas1 ,indian ,t]ritory & ,oklahoma2 migratory nor? ( ,texas4 7,ob]hols]47 #gai;d4 ,s\?we/ ,bewick ,wr5 7,t4 b4 *>i5turus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai;b b flanks & upp] surface d>k]1 eye-/ripe r broad]1 "u tail-cov]ts m heavily b>r$1 w+ %ort]1 #b4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,coa/ region ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 nor? to ab\t ,pasad5a1 s\? to ,lat4 #bh;,a deg41 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ,santa ,catal9a ,isl&2 resid5t4 7,ob]hols]47 #gbi;e4 ,nor?we/ ,bewick ,wr5 7,t4 b4 calophonus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai;a1 b bill l>g]1 upp] surface usually r deep] & ri*] br[n1 flanks some:at m rufesc5t2 ,w4 #b4a2 ,b4 4#f4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,pacific slope f ,oregon nor? to s\!rn ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 valley ( ! ,fras] ,riv]1 & slightly f>!r along ! ma9l& coa/2 probably resid5t4 7,ob]hols]47 #gai4a4 ,san ,clem5te ,wr5 7,?ryomanes leucophrys7 ,simil> to ,no4 #gai;d1 b flanks & upp]p>ts r gray] & pal]1 bill long]1 "u tail-cov]ts less heavily b>r$4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,san ,clem5te ,isl&1 ,cali=nia4 #gbj4 ,guadalupe ,wr5 7,?ryomanes brevicauda74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,w4 #a4i4 ,ads4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #gai;a1 b rump ) few or no conceal$ :ite spots2 tail dull grayi% br[n1 n>r[ly & indi/9ctly b>r$ ) dusky1 two or ?ree out] fea!rs ) br[ni% gray tips4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gba4 #gba4 ,h\se ,wr5 7,troglodytes a,adon74 ,l4 #d4g2 ,t4 #a4g4 ,ads4 ,above c9namon br[n1 sometimes obscurely b>r$2 tail ! same1 all ! fea!rs b>r$2 bel[ grayi% ) a br[ni% wa%1 l[] belly & flanks usually m or less b>r$4 ,notes4 ,call1 a scold+ krrr+2 song1 a bubbl+1 rippl+1 irrepressible little melody4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s nor? to ,ma9e1 ,montreal1 & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ! ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley s\?w>d into ,mexico4 #gba;a4 ,p>kman ,wr5 7,t4 a4 p>kmanii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gba1 b less c9namon above2 int]m$iate 9 color betwe5 ,no4 #gba & ,no4 #gba;b4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d4 #gba;b4 ,we/]n ,h\se ,wr5 7,t4 a4 aztecus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gba1 b mu* gray] above & pal] bel[2 back m frequ5tly b>r$4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,si]ra ,nevada ea/ to ! ,mississippi ,valley2 w9t]s s\? into ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gbb4 #gbb4 ,w9t] ,wr5 7,olbior*ilus hiemalis74 ,l4 #d2 ,t4 #a4b4 ,ads4 ,above c9namon1 mu* bright] ?an 9 ,no4 #gba2 bel[ pale c9namon1 sides & belly heavily b>r$ ) blacki%4 ,notes4 ,call1 *imp-*imp1 resembl+ call ( ,song ,sp>r[2 song1 t9kl+1 rippl+1 full ( trills1 runs & grace notes4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl& & nor!rn ,new ,york nor?w>d1 & s\?w>d along ! ,alleghanies to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s f ,massa*usetts & ,ill9ois to ,florida4 #gbb;a4 ,we/]n ,w9t] ,wr5 7,o4 h4 pacificus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbb1 b mu* deep] color$ bo? above & bel[1 & m heavily b>r$4 ,range4--,bre$s on ! ,pacific coa/ f s\!rn ,cali=nia nor? to ,alaska2 ea/ to ,idaho2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 #gbb;b4 ,kadiak ,w9t] ,wr5 7,o4 h4 hell]i74 ,slightly l>g] & pal] ?an ,no4 #gbb;a4 7,osgood47 ,range4--,kadiak ,isl&1 ,alaska4 #gbc4 ,alaskan ,wr5 7,olbior*ilus alasc5sis74 ,resembl+ ,no4 #gbb;a1 b pal] & l>g]1 ,w4 #b4a1 ,b4 4#f4 ,range--,bre$s on ,kadiak ,isl&1 ,alaska2 w9t] range unkn[n4 #gbc4a4 ,aleutian ,wr5 7,olbior*ilus melig]us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbc1 b d>k]1 less r$di%2 rump & upp] tail-cov]ts m evid5tly b>r$2 b>s on belly heavi]4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,we/]nmo/ "p ( ! ,aleutian gr\p1 ,alaska4 7,ob]hols]47 #gbd4 ,%ort-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 7,ci/o?orus /ell>is74 ,l4 #d2 ,t4 #a4d2 ,b4 4#d4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & back /reak$ ) :iti%2 brea/-b&1 sides & "u tail-cov]ts ru/y2 w+-cov]ts tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,call1 l s\nd produc$ by /rik+ two pebbles toge!r2 song1 *ap--*ap--*ap-*ap1 *ap-*ap-*ap p-p-rrr4 7,seton47 7,see next page47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 rang+ we/ to ,utah2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,massa*usetts & ,manitoba2 w9t]s f ! ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #gbd4 ,illu/ration3 #gbe4 #gbe4 ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 7,telmatodytes palu/ris74 ,l4 #e4b2 ,t4 #a4f2 ,b4 4#e4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & =eback l>gely black1 ! latt] ) :ite /reaks2 a :ite /ripe ov] eye2 rump c9namon2 bel[ :ite1 sides wa%$ ) c9namon2 out] tail-fea!rs black1 broadly b>r$ ) pale c9namon4 ,notes4 ,call1 scold+1 a *>act]i/ic ,wr5-l cack+2 song1 a re$y1 guttural1 bubbl+ trill (t5 sung 9 flight4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,massa*usetts & ,manitoba2 w9t]s locally f ,massa*usetts1 s\? into ,mexico4 #gbe;a4 ,tule ,wr5 7,t4 p4 paludicola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbe1 b upp] tail-cov]ts b>r$1 middle tail-fea!rs m di/9ctly & broadly b>r$2 und]p>ts usually br[n]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f s\!rn ,cali=nia to ,briti% ,columbia3 w9t]s f ,wa%+ton to ,guatemala4 #gbe;b4 ,wor?+ton ,m>% ,wr5 7,t4 p4 griseus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbe1 b ) less black above2 upp]p>ts1 sides & flanks pale grayi%2 d>k m>k+s ( "u tail-cov]ts1 flanks1 sides & brea/1 fa9t1 confus$ & inconspicu\s1 sometimes practically want+4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 #gbe;c4 ,int]ior ,tule ,wr5 7,t4 p4 plesius74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbe;a1 b pal]4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 except ! ,pacific coa/2 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia & ,alb]ta1 ea/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ,texas1 s\? into ,mexico4 7,ob]hols]47 ,illu/ration3 #gbe4a4 #gbe4a4 ,m>ian ,m>% ,wr5 7,telmatodytes marian,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbe1 b upp]p>ts d>k]2 sides & flanks ( ab\t same color z rump2 "u tail-cov]ts & sometimes brea/ b>r$ or spott$ ) black4 ,range4--,gulf coa/ ( ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #gbf4 #gbf4 ,br[n ,creep] 7,c]?ia famili>is am]icana74 ,l4 #e4f2 ,b4 4#fc4 ,tail-fea!rs /iff5$ & po9t$4 ,ads4 ,rump ru/y2 a buffy :ite b& 9 ! w+2 back & cr[n /reak$ ) :iti%1 black & ru/y2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,call1 a fa9t1 high1 ?9 tseep2 song1 an exquisitely pure1 t5d] song ( f\r notes4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica3 bre$s f ,ma9e & ,m9nesota 7casually ,miss\ri7 nor?w>d2 w9t]s f ab\t ! s\!rn bre$+ limits to ! ,gulf ,/ates4 #gbf;a4 ,mexican ,creep] 7,c4 f4 albesc5s74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbf1 b rump ri* ru/y br[n1 back black1 cr[n black /reak$ ) :ite1 b& 9 w+ :ite4 ,range4--,mexican plateau region nor? to s\!rn ,arizona4 #gbf;b4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,creep] 7,c4 f4 montana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbf1 b bill long]1 4#g2 b& 9 w+ av]ag+ :it]4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s f ,new ,mexico & ,arizona nor?w>d to ,alaska4 #gbf;c4 ,cali=nian ,creep] 7,c4 f4 occid5talis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbf1 b mu* ru/i]2 prevail+ color ( upp]p>ts yell[i% ru/y4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,santa ,cruz ,m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia1 nor?w>d to ,alaska4 #gbf;d4 ,si]ra ,creep] 7,c4 f4 zelotes74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbf;c1 b colors m dusky & less rufesc5t2 simil> to ,no4 #gbf;b1 b mu* d>k]2 light c5t]s ( fea!rs on head & back mu* r$uc$4 7,osgood47 ,range4--,s\!rn ,cascade ,m\nta9s ( ,oregon & ,si]ra ,nevada ( ,cali=nia4 7,osgood47 ,illu/ration3 #gef4 #gef4 ,wilson ,?ru%2 ,ve]y 7,hyloci*la fuscesc5s74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,ads4 ,above1 w+s & tail1 uni=m c9namon br[n2 bel[ :ite1 sides grayi%1 brea/ & ?roat buff r fa9tly m>k$ ) triangul> spots ! color ( ! back4 ,notes4 ,call1 a cle>ly :i/l$ whe,a7,c7-y & a s(t] too-:ee2 song1 a weird1 spiral ( bl5d$ alto & soprano tones l>gely on "o note4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 ! m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania1 & nor!rn ,ill9ois nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #gef;a4 ,will[ ,?ru% 7,h4 f4 salicicola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gef1 b m olive above4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s nor? to ,briti% ,columbia1 ea/ to ,dakota2 9 migration1 casually to ,ill9ois & ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s z f> s\? z s\!rn ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #gei4 #gei4 ,alaskan ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,hyloci*la guttata71 ,l4 #f4e4 ,w4 #c4e2 tail ruf\s1 mu* bright] ?an back4 ,ads4 ,eye-r+ :iti%1 n deep buff2 back olive-br[n2 brea/ t+$ ) buff & heavily spott$ ) l>ge1 w$ge-%ap$ m>ks4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 nor?we/ coa/ region f ,briti% ,columbia to ,alaska2 9 w9t] s\? to ,mexico4 #gei;a4 ,audubon ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,h4 g4 auduboni74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gei1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #d2 back gray]1 tail pal]1 flanks less heavily wa%$ ) gray4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region ( ,unit$ ,/ates s\? to ,guatemala4 ,illu/ration3 #gei;b4 #gei;b4 ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,h4 g4 pallasii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gei1 b back & sides br[n]4 ,notes4 ,call1 a l[ *uck2 song1 highly musical & probably exce$+ 9 spiritual quality t ( any ( our birds4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,mi*igan1 ,alleghanies 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,catskills1 high] m\nta9s ( ,massa*usetts 7r>ely at sea level71 nor? to ,labrador2 w9t]s f ,new ,j]sey to ,gulf ,/ates4 #gei;c4 ,dw>f ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,h4 g4 nana74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gei1 b small]1 ,w4 #c4b1 back slightly br[n]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,wa%+ton s\? ?r\gh ,si]ra ,nevadas2 ea/1 9 migrations1 to ,nevada & ,arizona2 s\? to ,l[] ,cali=nia & we/]n ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #geg4 #geg4 ,gray-*eek$ ,?ru% 7,hyloci*la alici,a74 ,l4 #g4e2 ,w4 #d4 ,ads4 ,tail & back ! same color1 olive )\t br[ni% t+e2 eye-r+ & lores :iti%1 *eeks & brea/ only slightly t+$ ) buff1 brea/ ) w$ge-%ap$ spots4 ,notes4 ,d\btless l ^? ( ,no4 #geg;a4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,labrador & we/ to ,alaska3 migrates ?r\gh ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & w9t]s 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #geg;a4 ,bicknell ,?ru% 7,h4 a4 bicknelli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #geg1 b small]1 ,l4 #g2 ,w4 #c4e4 ,notes4 ,calls1 pheu l t ( ,ve]y2 a l[ cluck l t ( ,h]mit ,?ru%1 & r>ely1 a pip or pe5k l t ( ,olive-back$ ,?ru%2 song1 l t ( ,ve]y b m int]rupt$4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ! high p>ts ( ! ,catskills & nor? to ,:ite ,m\nta9s & ,nova ,scotia2 w9t]s 9 tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #geh4 #geh4 ,russet-back$ ,?ru% 7,hyloci*la u/ulata74 ,l4 #g4b2 ,w4 #d4 ,tail n decid$ly m ruf\s ?an back4 ,ads4 ,eye-r+1 *eeks1 sides ( neck & brea/ di/9ctly buffy2 brea/ ) w$ge-%ap$ spots2 back & flanks olive-br[n2 tail slightly br[n]4 ,! mo/ deeply color$ bird ( ! u/ulata gr\p4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,oregon to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,guatemala4 ,illu/ration3 #geh;a4 #geh;a4 ,olive-back$ ,?ru% 7,h4 u4 swa9sonii74 ,simil> to ,no4 #geh1 b back1 tail1 & flanks )\t br[ni% or rufesc5t t+e4 ,notes4 ,call1 a liquid puit2 song1 sugge/+ bo? t ( ,h]mit ,?ru% & ! ,ve]y4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s 9 ,alleghanies f ,p5nsylvania & ! ,catskills1 nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba2 w9t]s 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 #geh;b4 ,cali=nia ,olive-back$ ,?ru% 7,h4 u4 ,adica74 ,diff]s f #geh & #geh;a1 9 m rufesc5t coloration on ! flanks2 sides & upp] surface usually pal] ?an ,no4 #geh4 7,ob]hols]47 ,range4--,cali=nia1 except nor? coa/2 nor? 9 int]ior to s\!rn ,oregon2 s\?1 9 w9t] to ,arizona & s\!rn ,mexico4 7,ob]hols]47 #geh;c4 ,alma ,?ru% 7,h4 u4 alm,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #geh;a1 b back & flanks gray]4 ,! pale/ bird ( ! u/ulata gr\p4 ,range4--,alaska1 except ,yukon ,bas91 s\? 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9 region1 & we/ to ,utah & ea/]n ,nevada4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,p]*+ ,birds ,*iefly ,gray1 ,black1 or ,black & ,:ite ,,gray-,,head$ ,,juncos4 #eff4 ,:ite-w+$ ,junco 7,junco aik5i74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #c4cj4 ,ads4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #efg1 b l>g]1 pal]1 w+s g5]ally ) two :ite b>s2 ?ree out] tail-fea!rs mo/ly or entirely :ite2 f\r? p>tly :ite4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,wyom+ & we/]n ,nor? ,dakota2 w9t]s 9 ,colorado1 we/]n ,kansas1 casually to ,indiana & ,wiscons94 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #efg4 #efg4 ,slate-color$ ,junco 7,junco hyemalis74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,w4 #c4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,head & back gray1 ! cr[n sometimes slightly d>k]1 ! fea!rs usually m or less tipp$ ) br[ni%2 brea/ & sides gray2 belly :ite2 ?ird out] tail-fea!r ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female1 summ]4 ,simil>1 b br[n wa% /rong]4 ,ads41 w9t]4 ,br[n tips to fea!rs long]1 sides sometimes br[ni%4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a %>p1 kiss+ note & a rapid *ew-*ew-*ew1 song1 a simple1 twitt]+ trill4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & nor!rn ,m9nesota nor? to ,labrador & nor?we/ to ,alaska2 & s\?w>d along ! ,alleghanies to ,p5nsylvania2 w9t]s s\? to ! ,gulf ,/ates4 #efg;e4 ,c>ol9a ,junco 7,j4 h4 c>ol95sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efg1 b slightly l>g]1 ,w4 #c4b1 ! upp]p>ts & brea/ uni=m slate-gray )\t a br[ni% wa% ! bill horn color4 ,range4--,alleghanies f ,virg9ia to ,georgia4 ,illu/ration3 #efh4 #efh4 ,p9k-sid$ ,junco 7,junco me>nsi74 ,l4 #f4b4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,sides broadly br[ni% p9k1 c5t] ( belly :ite2 brea/ pale slate-gray1 cr[n d>k]1 back wa%$ ) br[ni%4 ,ad4 ,female 9 summ]4 ,simil> to ! ,male1 b ) less p9k on sides1 ! cr[n wa%$ ) gray4 ,ads4 w9t]4 ,simil> to summ] ,ads41 b ) m br[ni%4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 s\!rn ,idaho & s\?-c5tral ,montana2 w9t]s s\? ?r\gh ,wyom+ & ,colorado to nor!rn ,mexico4 #efg4a ,montana ,junco 7,junco montanus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efh1 b ) less p9k on ! sides1 ! ?roat & brea/ d>k] slate4 ,range4--,bre$+ f nor?we/]n ,montana & nor!rn ,idaho nor? to nor?we/ ,t]ritory & ,alb]ta2 9 w9t] s\? to ,mexico1 ea/ m or less irregul>ly to ! ,mississippi1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,m>yl&4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #ega4 #ega4 ,baird ,junco 7,junco bairdi74 ,back & sides ru/y c9namon1 head gray1 ?roat & brea/ grayi% :ite1 belly :ite4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #egb4 #egb4 ,guadalupe ,junco 7,junco insul>is74 ,simil> to me>nsi b small]1 ,w4 #b4g1 bill long]1 head & brea/ d>k]4 ,range4--,guadalupe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #ega4a4 ,t[ns5d ,junco 7,junco t[ns5di74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efg4a1 b ) ! back gray]1 ! br[ni% wa% mu* r$uc$4 ,range4--,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,,gray-,,head$1 ,,br[n-,,back$ ,,juncos4 ,illu/ration3 #efi4 #efi4 ,gray-head$ ,junco 7,junco caniceps74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #b4i4 ,ads4 ,head1 brea/ & sides gray2 back r$di% br[n2 no r$di% br[n on w+s2 ?ree out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite2 upp] & l[] m&ibles p9ki%4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,wyom+1 ,colorado1 ,utah1 ,nevada1 & nor!rn ,new ,mexico4 7,ridgw47 #egj4 ,arizona ,junco 7,junco ph,aonotus palliatus74 ,l4 #f4e2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #b4i4 ,ads4 ,head gray2 und]p>ts grayi% :ite2 back1 & to a great] or less ext5t1 w+-cov]ts & t]tials1 r$di% br[n2 ?ree out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite2 iris yell[2 upp] m&ible blacki%1 l[] yell[i%4 ,notes4 ,calls1 resemble ^? ( ,no4 #efg2 song sugge/s t ( ,song ,sp>r[4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 m\nta9s ( s\!rn ,arizona & s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #egj;a4 #egj;a4 ,r$-back$ ,junco 7,junco dorsalis7 ,l4 #f4g2 ,w4 #c4c2 ,t4 #c4 ,ads4 ,head gray2 und]p>ts grayi% :ite2 back r$di% br[n2 no r$di% br[n on w+s2 ?ree out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite2 upp] m&ible blacki%1 l[] fle%-color2 iris br[n4 ,range4--,bre$s on high m\nta9s ( ,new ,mexico & c5tral ,arizona2 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,mexico & we/]n ,texas4 ,,black-,,head$ ,,juncos4 ,illu/ration3 #efg;a4 #efg;a4 ,oregon ,junco 7,junco oreganus74 ,l4 #f4b2 ,w4 #c4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,head1 neck1 ?roat & brea/ black %>ply def9$ f ! mahogany br[n back1 ?ird out] tail-fea!r ) little or no :ite2 sides wa%$ ) p9ki% br[n4 ,ad4 ,female1 summ]4 ,head & brea/ gray]1 back pal]4 ,ads4 w9t]4 ,back deep]1 ! head & neck m or less tipp$ ) br[n1 ! brea/ ) gray1 ^! areas less %>ply def9$ f ! back & belly4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f nor!rn ,briti% ,columbia to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\? to ,cali=nia4 --,%ufeldt ,junco 7,j4 o4 %ufeldti74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efg;a1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4a1 br[n ( back less int5se4 ,range4--,pacific coa/2 bre$s f ,oregon nor? to ,briti% ,columbia 7& ea/w>d 9 humid regions to ,montana872 w9t]s s\? to nor!rn ,mexico4 #efg;b4 ,c\es ,junco 7,j4 o4 connect5s74 ,simil> to %ufeldti1 b back pal]1 br[ni% gray1 brea/ gray]1 sides ) less p9ki% br[n1 head & brea/ /ill %>ply def9$ f adjac5t areas4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ! int]ior ( ,briti% ,columbia & probably 9 arid di/ricts s\?w>d 7bre$+ areas n def9itely kn[n72 w9t]s s\?w>d d\btless to ,mexican b\nd>y4 ,illu/ration3 #efg;c4 #efg;c4 ,?urb] ,junco 7,j4 o4 ?urb]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efg1 b back mu* pal]1 a bright p9ki% br[n2 head & brea/ black z 9 ,no4 #efg4 ,range4--,bre$s 9 m\nta9s f s\!rn ,oregon s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia2 ea/ to we/]n ,nevada4 #efg;d4 ,po9t ,p9os ,junco 7,j4 o4 p9osus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #efg;c1 b ?roat & brea/ slate-color4 ,range4--,santa ,cruz di/rict ( ,cali=nia2 bre$s f ,k+ ,m\nta91 s\? at lea/ to ,po9t ,sur1 ,c\nty2 w&]s ea/w>d 9 w9t] into ,santa ,cl>a & ,san ,b5ito ,valleys4 7,gr9nell47 #gcc4 ,pla9 ,titm\se 7,,baolophus inornatus74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,head cre/$2 above grayi% br[n2 bel[ grayi% :ite1 belly :ite1 sides (t5 buffy4 ,notes4 ,simil> to ^? ( ! ,tuft$ ,titm\se1 b weak] & less v>i$4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ! ,si]ra2 nor? to ,oregon4 ,illu/ration3 #gcc;a4 #gcc;a4 ,gray ,titm\se 7,b4 i4 griseus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gcc1 b above gray1 bel[ :iti% gray1 no buff on sides4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates3 f s\!a/]n ,cali=nia & ,nevada to ,colorado & ,new ,mexico4 #gcc;b4 ,a%y ,titm\se 7,b4 i4 c9]aceus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gcc;a1 b und]p>ts grayi% :ite1 n :iti% gray4 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #gdc4 ,bu%-,tit 7,psaltrip>us m9imus74 ,l1 #d4b2 ,t4 #b4a4 ,ads4 ,cr[n sooty br[n2 back grayi% br[n2 bel[ br[ni% :ite1 sides d>k]4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 #gdc;a4 #gdc;a4 ,cali=nia ,bu%-,tit 7,p4 m4 cali=nicus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdc1 b cr[n mu* light]1 bright] br[n1 q diff]5t f ! br[ni% gray back2 und]p>ts pal]4 ,notes4 ,:5 fe$+1 a fa9t tsit1 tsit1 tsit1 tsit1 :5 mov+ ab\t1 tsit1 tsit1 tsit1 sre-e-e-e2 tsit1 sre-e-e-e2 :5 a bird is sep>at$ f its companions1 same z la/ b utt]$ m hurri$ly2 al>m note1 a greatly int5sifi$ tsit''2 tsit'2 tsit'2 tsit'3 9 pres5ce ( ,hawk or ,owl a %rill1 quav]+ trill1 sre-e-e-e-e-e4 7,gr9nell47 ,range4--,cali=nia1 except ! nor? coa/ region4 #gdc;b4 ,gr9da ,bu%-,tit 7,p4 m4 grind,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdc1 b back blui% a%-gray4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gdd4 #gdd4 ,lead-color$ ,bu%-,tit 7,psaltrip>us plumbeus74 ,l4 #d4e4 ,ads4 ,cr[n & back blui% gray1 sides ( head br[ni%2 bel[ d+y :ite ) a buffy t9t on belly4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ea/]n ,oregon & ea/]n ,cali=nia ea/ to ,wyom+1 ,colorado1 & we/]n ,texas4 #gdd4a4 ,santa ,rita ,bu%-,tit 7,psaltrip>us santarit,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdd1 b small]1 sides ( head pal]1 male ) a m or less di/9ct blacki% l9e along sides ( head z 9 female ( ,no4 #gde4 7,ridgw47 7,n[ consid]$ ! same z #gde47 ,range4--,santa ,rita ,m\nta9s1 s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #gde4 #gde4 ,lloyd ,bu%-,tit 7,psaltrip>us lloydi74 ,l4 #d4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,sides ( head %9+ black1 cr[n blue-gray1 back br[n]2 *9 blacki%1 und]p>ts :iti%1 ! belly & sides buffy4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,sides ( head br[ni%1 e>-cov]ts bord]$ above by a n>r[ black l9e2 no black on *94 ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b no black 9 head4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,texas1 betwe5 ! ,pecos & ,rio ,gr&e ,riv]s 7,s5nett71 s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gca4 #gca4 ,tuft$ ,titm\se 7,,baolophus bicolor74 ,l4 #f4 ,ads4 ,head cre/$2 =ehead black2 above gray2 bel[ :iti%1 sides ru/y4 ,notes4 ,a cle>ly :i/l$ p,a7,c7to1 p,a7,c7to1 & a ho>se de-de-de4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 resid5t f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to nor!rn ,new ,j]sey & s\!rn ,i[a2 /ray+ some:at fur!r nor? 9 summ] aft] bre$+4 #gca;a4 ,texan ,tuft$ ,titm\se 7,b4 b4 tex5sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gca1 b =ehead ru/y1 upp]p>ts pal]4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #gcb4 #gcb4 ,black-cre/$ ,titm\se 7,,baolophus atricri/atus74 ,l4 #f4a4 ,ads4 ,head ) a black cre/2 =ehead :ite or t+$ ) ru/y2 back gray2 bel[ :iti%1 sides ru/y4 ,notes4 ,an abbreviation ( ! call ( ,no4 #gca1 pete-pete-pete-pete4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,f s\!a/]n ,texas we/ to ,el ,paso1 s\? to ea/]n ,mexico4 7,bailey47 #gea4 ,blue-gray ,gnatcat*] 7,polioptila c,arulea74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,t4 #b4 ,out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite1 :ite tip ( next to out] "o at lea/ #a4jj long4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above blui% gray1 =ehead n>r[ly black2 bel[ grayi% :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b light] gray2 no black on =ehead4 ,notes4 ,call1 a twang+ t+2 song1 sweet & v>i$ b ( small volume4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 we/ to ,colorado2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 & ,ont>io2 w&]s casually z f> nor? z ,ma9e & ,m9nesota2 w9t]s f ! ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 #gea;a4 ,we/]n ,gnatcat*] 7,p4 c4 obscura74 ,simil> to ,no44 #gea1 b slightly gray] above2 :ite tip to next to out] tail-fea!r less ?an #a4jj long4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f we/]n ,texas we/ to ,cali=nia & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #geb4 #geb4 ,plumbe\s ,gnatcat*] 7,polioptila plumbea74 ,l4 #d4d4 ,out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :olly :ite1 inn] web black except at tip4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n %9+ black1 back blue-gray2 und]p>ts grayi% :ite4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,simil>1 b no black on head4 ,yng4 ,female4 ,back & sides ) a br[ni% wa%4 ,notes4 ,call1 a fa9t mew2 song1 a h>% ditty ( five notes1 some?+ l a ,wr5's song ) notes l ^? ( a ,swall[4 7,coop]47 ,range4--,mexican b\nd>y region1 f we/]n ,texas to s\!a/]n ,cali=nia & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 #gec4 ,black-tail$ ,gnatcat*] 7,polioptila cali=nica74 ,l4 #d4e2 ,t4 #b4a4 ,simil> to ,no4 #geb1 b out] vane ( out] tail-fea!r black m>g9$ ) :ite2 back d>k]1 und]p>ts mu* gray]1 flanks br[ni%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ region ( s\!rn ,cali=nia & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gcd4 #gcd4 ,bridl$ ,titm\se 7,,baolophus wollweb]i74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ads4 ,head cre/$1 black & gray2 ?roat black2 h9d neck ) a :ite b& b\nd$ by black2 back olive-gray2 bel[ :iti%4 ,notes4 ,*ickadee-l b fa9t]4 7,h5%aw47 ,range4--,tablel& ( ,mexico nor? to we/]n ,texas & s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #gch4 #gch4 ,m\nta9 ,*ickadee 7,p>us gambeli74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,a :ite l9e ov] ! eye & a black ?r\gh x2 back gray2 belly :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se1 dee-dee-dee1 a two or ?ree-not$ phe-be :i/le exactly l t ( ! ,*ickadee & an exce$+ly sweet ?ree-not$ :i/le ( regul> int]vals1 d1 c1 a4 ,range4--,m\nta9\s portions ( ! we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia1 ,idaho1 etc41 & s\? to nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gdj4 #gdj4 ,hudsonian ,*ickadee 7,p>us hudsonicus74 ,l4 #e4b2 ,w4 #b4f4 ,ads4 ,cr[n hair-br[n1 back a m yell[ br[n2 sides ( head & neck grayi% :ite2 ?roat black1 belly :ite1 sides ru/y4 ,notes4 ,ts*a-dee-dee-dee-dee2 ! dee-dee notes repeat$ ) almo/ incessant volubility4 7,brew]47 ,range4--,briti% ,am]ica1 f ! we/ side ( ,hudson ,bay nor?we/w>d to ! ,l[] ,yukon4 #gdj;a4 ,k[ak ,*ickadee 7,p4 h4 /oneyi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdj1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #b4g4 above gray]1 cr[n mu* pal]4 ,range4--,k[ak ,riv] region1 ,alaska4 #gdj;b4 ,columbian ,*ickadee 7,p4 h4 columbianus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdj1 b gray] above1 cr[n slaty-drab4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9s f ,montana nor?w>d2 ,k5ai ,p59sula1 ,alaska4 --,canadian ,*ickadee 7,p4 h4 littoralis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gdj1 b small]1 ,w4 #b4e1 cr[n dull] br[n4 ,range4--,briti% ,am]ica ea/ & s\? ( ,hudson ,bay2 nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,nova ,scotia4 #gci4 ,alaskan ,*ickadee 7,p>us c9ctus alasc5sis74 ,l4 #e4b4 ,ads4 ,cr[n br[n1 back bright]2 sides ( head & neck pure :ite2 ?roat blacki%2 belly :iti%1 sides buffy4 ,range4--,nor!rn ,alaska & ea/]n ,sib]ia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gda4 #gda4 ,*e/nut-back$ ,*ickadee 7,p>us rufesc5s74 ,l4 #d4f4 ,ads4 ,back & sides ru/y *e/nut1 cr[n sooty br[n1 ?roat black4 ,notes4 ,a lisp+ !-!-!-te-te4 7,kobbe47 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f ,oregon to s\!rn ,alaska4 #gda;a4 ,cali=nia ,*ickadee 7,p4 r4 neglectus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gda1 b ) only a t+e ( ru/y on flanks4 ,range4--,coa/ ( ,cali=nia f ,mont]ey ,c\nty nor?w>d4 7,a4,o4,u47 #gda;b4 ,b>l[ ,*ickadee 7,p4 r4 b>l[i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gda;a1 b ) no ru/y on flanks4 ,range4--,vic9ity ( ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gce4 #gce4 ,black-capp$ ,*ickadee 7,p>us atricapillus74 ,l4 #e4b2 ,t4 #b4e4 ,ads4 ,cap & ?roat black2 back gray ) a br[ni% t+e2 out] m>g9s ( w+-cov]ts grayi% :ite2 flanks1 cream buff4 ,notes4 ,*ickadee-dee1 liquid gurgles & *uckl+ notes & a sweet1 cle>ly :i/l$1 phe-be or phe-be-e4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f s\!rn ,ill9ois & ,p5nsylvania nor? to ,labrador1 & s\? along ,alleghanies to ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 migrates a %ort di/ance bel[ its s\!rn bre$+ limits4 #gce;a4 ,long-tail$ ,*ickadee 7,p4 a4 sept5trionalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gce1 b tail long]1 #b4g1 flanks pal]1 :ite edg+s broad]4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ,manitoba & ! ,pla9s4 #gce;b4 ,oregon ,*ickadee 7,p4 a4 occid5talis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gce1 b mu* d>k]2 flanks grayi%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,sitka4 ,illu/ration3 #gcf4 #gcf4 ,c>ol9a ,*ickadee 7,p>us c>ol95sis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gce1 b small]1 ,l4 #d4f2 ,t4 #b41 ! great] w+-cov]ts n m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,:i/le tswee-dee1 twsee-dee4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates nor? to middle ,new ,j]sey1 & s\!rn ,ill9ois2 resid5t f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d4 #gcf4;a ,plumbe\s ,*ickadee 7,p4 c4 agilis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gcf1 b pal] above1 :it] bel[4 ,range4--,ea/]n & c5tral ,texas 7,bee1 ,victoria1 ,cook1 & ,con*o ,c\nties1 etc47 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gcg4 #gcg4 ,mexican ,*ickadee 7,p>us sclat]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gce1 b sides broadly gray l back1 black m ext5d$4 ,notes4 ,a rapid1 vigor\s d\ble-not$ :i/le repeat$ ?ree times1 :olly unlike t ( ! ,*ickadee4 ,range4--,m\nta9\s portions ( ! ,mexican tablel& nor? to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #fcj4 #fcj4 ,black-capp$ ,vireo 7,vireo atricapillus74 ,l4 #d4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & *eeks %9+ black2 lores & eye-r+ :ite2 back olive-gre52 bel[ :ite1 sides t+$ ) gre5i% yell[2 two :iti% w+-b>s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b black ( head dull]4 ,yng4 ,top & sides ( head dull grayi% br[n2 lores1 orbital r+ & l[] p>ts dull buffy :ite or pale buffy4 7,ridgw47 ,notes4 ,( ! g5]al "* ( ! ,:ite-eye or bellii type4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 c5tral & we/]n ,texas2 nor? to s\!rn ,kansas2 w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #gbg4 #gbg4 ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* 7,sitta c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n & =eback blui% black2 sides ( head & neck grayi% :ite2 t]tials ) di/9ct black m>ks r\nd$ at end4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil> b black ( head & %\ld]s wa%$ ) gray4 ,notes4 ,call1 a nasal yank-yank & conv]sational notes2 song1 a t5or1 ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha1 all on ! same note4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates to ,m9nesota & ,new ,brunswick2 resid5t4 #gbg;a4 ,sl5d]-bill$ ,nu?at* 7,s4 c4 aculeata74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbg1 b head usually gre5i% black2 black ( t]tials less deep & "o next to inn] "o usually po9t$ at end4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ ( ! ,rockies3 bre$s f ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 resid5t4 #gbg;b4 ,florida ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* 7,s4 c4 atk9si74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbg1 b some:at small]1 w+-cov]ts & t]tials n tipp$ ) grayi%2 ,female ) head black z 9 ,male4 ,range4--,florida & nor? along ! coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #gbg;c4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,nu?at* 7,s4 c4 nelsoni74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbg;a1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #c4g1 ) some:at m :ite 9 tail & m ru/y on flanks & l[] belly4 ,range4--,wood$ m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,*ihuahua & ,sonora1 ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 ,colorado1 & nor?w>d4 7,me>ns47 #gbg;d4 ,/4 ,lucas ,nu?at* 7,s4 c4 lagun,a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gbg;a1 b ) ! w+s & tail %ort]1 ! black tips ( ! out] tail-fea!rs m re/rict$2 ,w4 #c4b2 ,t4 #a4g4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,high] m\nta9s s\? ( ,la ,paz1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,brew/]47 ,illu/ration3 #gbh4 #gbh4 ,r$-brea/$ ,nu?at* 7,sitta canad5sis74 ,l4 #d4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,a /ripe ?r\gh ! eye & cr[n1 black2 l9e ov] eye :ite2 und]p>ts ru/y4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b cr[n gray l back1 l9e ?r\gh ! eye blacki%1 pal] bel[4 ,notes4 ,a f9e1 ?91 nasal1 p5ny-trumpet l1 drawl$ yna-yna4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$+ f ! nor!rn portions ( ! nor!rn ti] ( ,/ates nor?w>d1 & s\?w>d 9 ! ,alleghanies to ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ,colorado1 & 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada 9 ,cali=nia2 w9t]s irregul>ly s\?w>d to ! ,gulf ,/ates & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #gbi4 #gbi4 ,br[n-head$ ,nu?at* 7,sitta pusilla74 ,l4 #d4c4 ,ads4 ,cr[n br[n2 a :ite pat* on nape2 back blui% gray2 bel[ grayi% :ite1 sometimes t+$ ) buff4 ,yng4 ,cr[n :iti%4 ,notes4 ,a conv]sational1 twitt]+ tnee-tnee4 ,range4--,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,delaw>e1 accid5tally to ,new ,york & casually to ,miss\ri4 ,illu/ration3 #gcj4 #gcj4 ,pygmy ,nu?at* 7,sitta pygm,aa74 ,l4 #d4c4 ,ads4 ,cr[n grayi% olive2 a :iti% pat* on nape2 a d>k br[n l9e ?r\gh eye2 bel[ :ite t+$ ) buff4 ,yng4 ,cr[n gray l back4 ,notes4 ,a metallic1 cl9k+ clittick1 clittick41 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 bre$s f ,mexico to ,briti% ,columbia4 #gcj;a4 ,:ite-nap$ ,nu?at* 7,s4 p4 leuconu*a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gcj1 b bill l>g]1 cr[n gray]1 back less blui% gray1 nape pat* m conspicu\s1 und]p>ts :ite ) sc>cely m ?an a trace ( buffy4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ddd4 #ddd4 ,k+bird 7,tyrannus tyrannus74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,tail tipp$ ) :ite4 ,ads4 ,above slaty1 cr[n black] ) an orange pat*4 ,yng4 ,simil>1 b no cr[n-pat*4 ,notes4 ,an unmusical1 /eely *att]4 ,a s(t & v pleas+ song1 he>d only 9 ! e>ly morn+4 7,o4 ,t4 ,mill]47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 bre$s f ,florida nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,manitoba1 & f ea/]n ,texas nor?we/ to ,utah1 ,nevada1 nor!a/ ,cali=nia & we/]n ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates1 to ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #dde4 #dde4 ,gray ,k+bird 7,tyrannus dom9ic5sis74 ,l4 #i4 ,ads4 ,no :ite tip on tail2 an orange cr[n-pat*2 "u w+-cov]ts sulphur2 e>-cov]ts black2 above gray2 bel[ :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 *att]+1 pit,a-rri1 pit,a-rri4 ,range4--,we/ ,indies1 bre$+ nor? ?r\gh ,florida along ! coa/ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 w9t]s 9 ,less] ,antilles1 ,mexico1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #gja4 #gja4 ,am]ican ,dipp]2 ,wat] ,ouzel 7,c9clus mexicanus74 ,l4 #h4 ,ads4 ,slaty gray1 head & neck br[n]4 ,9 w9t] m or less tipp$ ) :iti%4 ,notes4 ,song1 rem>kably sweet & lively1 9 modulation resembl+ some:at t ( ,br[n ,?ra%]1 b less p[]ful ?\gh sweet] 9 effect4 7,ridgway47 ,call1 a %>p1 pebbly cack-cack-cack4 ,range4--,! m\nta9\s p>ts ( c5tral & we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ! ,yukon ,valley & ,unalaska to ,guatemala2 ea/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rocky m\nta9s4 ,app>5tly resid5t ?r\gh\t its range4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,illu/ration3 #gjd4 #gjd4 ,catbird 7,galeoscoptes c>ol95sis74 ,l4 #h4i4 ,ads4 ,slaty gray1 cap & tail black1 "u tail-cov]ts r$di% *e/nut4 ,notes4 ,call1 a :9+1 nasal t*ay2 song1 ri*1 musical1 & v>i$4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 we/ to ,briti% ,columbia & r>ely ,pacific coa/ /ates2 bre$s f ! ,gulf ,/ates nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ! ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #ged4 #ged4 ,t[ns5d ,solitaire 7,myade/es t[ns5dii74 ,l4 #h4e4 ,ads4 ,br[ni% gray2 eye-r+1 tips ( out] tail-fea!rs1 a n>r[ w+-b> :ite2 w+ ) a buff b& %[+ 9 flight4 ,notes4 ,song1 a ri*1 fl[+1 ,grosbeak-l w>bl+1 sung ) great vigor & fre$om & (t5 = comp>atively long p]iods4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! ,pla9s we/w>d to ! ,pacific coa/1 nor? to ,briti% ,columbia & s\? 9 w9t] to ! s\!rn bord] ( ,arizona & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia2 bre$s f ! m\nta9s ( ,new ,mexico1 s\!rn ,arizona1 & c5tral ,cali=nia nor?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #fba4 #fba4 ,nor!rn ,%rike 7,lanius borealis74 ,l4 #aj4b4 ,lores grayi%4 ,ads4 ,above blui% gray2 tail black1 out] fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 bel[ :ite1 usually ) wavy b>s4 ,yng4 ,above wa%$ ) br[n2 bel[ m di/9ctly & m heavily b>r$ ,notes4 ,song1 n unlike t ( ! ,br[n ,?ra%] b m disconnect$1 less l\d4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,labrador to ,alaska2 w9t]s s\?1 irregul>ly1 to ,virg9ia1 ,kansas1 ,arizona1 & ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #fbb4 #fbb4 ,logg]head ,%rike 7,lanius ludovicianus74 #i4 ,lores black4 ,ads4 ,und]p>ts :ite )\t b>s2 above blui% gray2 rump & upp] tail-cov]ts little if any pal]2 tail black1 out] fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,und]p>ts1 head1 & rump m or less n>r[ly b>r$4 ,notes4 ,call1 h>% & discordant2 song1 a s]ies ( guttural gurgles1 squeaky :i/les4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s f ,florida to ,virg9ia2 ,9 ,mississippi ,valley1 nor!a/ to we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 c5tral & nor!rn ,new ,york1 ,massa*usetts1 we/]n ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,ma9e1 & ,briti% ,columbia2 migrates d[n ,atlantic ,/ates1 z well z ,mississippi ,valley1 & w9t]s 9 s\!rn ,/ates4 #fbb;a4 ,:ite-rump$ ,%rike 7,l4 l4 excubitorides74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbb1 b pal] above1 rump & upp] tail-cov]ts :it]2 bill less deep4 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ea/]n bord] ( ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific1 except coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 & f ,manitoba & ! ,pla9s ( ! ,saskat*ewan s\? ov] tablel&s ( ,mexico4 #fbb;b4 ,cali=nia ,%rike 7,l4 l4 gambeli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbb1 b rump pal]1 brea/ usually ) indi/9ct wavy b>s & t+$ ) br[ni%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/1 f ,l[] ,cali=nia to ,briti% ,columbia4 #fbb;c4 ,isl& ,%rike 7,l4 l4 an?onyi74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbb;b1 b d>k] & small]1 ,w4 #c4g4 ,range4--,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s1 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gjc4 #gjc4 ,mock+bird 7,mimus polyglottos74 ,l4 #aj4e4 ,ads4 ,above a%y gray2 bel[ soil$ :iti%2 out] tail-fea!rs ) :ite2 w+-cov]ts n>r[ly tipp$ ) :ite2 prim>ies :ite basally4 ,notes4 ,call1 a h>%1 kiss+ note2 song indescribable4 ,range4--,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates & ,bahamas1 we/ to nor!a/]n ,texas2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,new ,j]sey 7r>ely ,massa*usetts71 & s\!rn ,ill9ois2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia & l[] ,mississippi ,valley s\?w>d4 #gjc;a4 ,we/]n ,mock+bird 7,m4 p4 leucopt]us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gjc1 b ) a v slight br[ni% t+e bel[ & :ite areas 9 w+ av]ag+ l>g]4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates & nor!rn ,mexico f ,indian ,t]ritory & ea/]n ,texas we/ to ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #gfe4 #gfe4 ,:eate> 7,saxicola ,anan!74 ,l4 #f2 ,w4 #c4g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,back gray1 upp] tail-cov]ts & base ( tail :ite2 bel[ :ite m or less wa%$ ) buff4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[n] above & bel[1 no black ?r\gh eye4 ,ads4 9 w9t] & ,yng4 ,simil> to ,female1 b c9namon br[n above1 c9namon bel[4 ,range4--,asia2 migrat+ 9 summ] to ,alaska4 #gfe;a4 ,gre5l& ,:eate> 7,s4 ,a4 leucorhoa74 ,simil> to ,no4 #gfe1 b l>g]1 ,w4 #d4 ,range4--,we/]n ,europe2 bre$s 9 ,gre5l& & on adjo9+ ma9l&2 r>ely s\? to ,/4 ,lawr5ce2 casually to ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 #egc4 #egc4 ,black-?roat$ ,sp>r[ 7,amphispiza bil9eata74 ,l4 #e4c4 ,ads4 ,?roat1 upp] brea/1 & front ( face black2 a :ite /ripe ov] eye & ano!r at ! side ( ! ?roat2 above grayi% br[n un/reak$2 out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :ite1 except at tip2 at lea/ half an in* ( tip ( inn] web :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 simple b sweet1 ?ree asc5d+ & ?ree desc5d+ notes4 ,range4--,middle & ea/]n ,texas 7except along coa/871 nor? to ,oklahoma & we/]n ,kansas2 w9t]s f c5tral ,texas s\? into nor!a/]n ,mexico4 #egc;a4 ,des]t ,sp>r[ 7,a4 b4 des]ticola74 ,simil> to ,no4 #egc1 b above gray]1 ! :ite tip to out] tail-fea!r less ?an half an in* long4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates & nor!rn ,mexico1 f we/]n ,texas to s\!a/]n ,cali=nia2 bre$s nor? to s\!rn ,colorado1 & we/]n ,nevada2 w9t]s s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #fjb4 #fjb4 ,morellet ,se$-eat] 7,sporophila morelleti74 ,l4 #d4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,entire upp]p>ts1 *eeks1 tail1 w+s & brea/-b& black2 bases ( w+-fea!rs1 tips to cov]ts & und]p>ts1 except brea/-b&1 :iti%4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% br[n1 bel[ uni=m buffy4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 ,ad4 ,male & ,ad4 ,female4 ,at lea/ two ye>s evid5tly requir$ to rea* mature plumage4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,mexico1 nor? to s\!a/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #fcf4 #fcf4 ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl] 7,mniotilta v>ia74 ,l4 #e4c4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above /reak$ black & :ite2 ?roat black or :ite2 belly :ite2 sides /reak$ black & :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,less black2 :it] bel[2 ?roat always :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 a ?91 wiry1 see-see-see-see4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s f ,virg9ia1 ,l\isiana1 & nor!rn ,texas1 nor? to ,hudson ,bay region2 w9t]s f ,gulf ,/ates s\? to nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica2 accid5tal 9 ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #ffa4 #ffa4 ,black-poll ,w>bl] 7,d5droica /riata74 ,l4 #e4f4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n black1 *eeks :ite2 back /reak$1 gray & black2 bel[ :ite /reak$ ) black2 w+-b>s & tail-spots :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,no black cap2 above olive-gre5 /reak$ ) black4 ,yng4 & ,ad4 9 w9t]4 ,above olive-gre5 lightly /reak$ ) black2 bel[ yell[i% :ite2 brea/ obscurely /reak$4 ,notes4 ,song1 a sl5d]1 wiry tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree1 rapidly utt]$4 7,langille47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,mi*igan1 & ,colorado1 nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 w9t]s 9 ,we/ ,indies & nor!rn ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 #ffe4 #ffe4 ,black-?roat$ ,gray ,w>bl] 7,d5droica nigresc5s74 ,l4 #e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,cr[n1 *eeks & ?roat black1 a :ite /ripe at sides ( ?roat1 a yell[ l9e be=e eye2 back gray /reak$ ) black2 w+-b>s & tail-pat*es :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,simil>1 b cr[n n always :olly black4 ,yng4 ,above wa%$ ) br[ni%1 black areas tipp$ ) :ite4 ,notes4 ,song1 zee-ee-zee-ee1 ze1 ze1 ze1 ) ! quality ( ! song ( ,d5droica vir5s or ,d4 c,arulesc5s4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s 9 m\nta9s f ,arizona & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? to ,colorado & ,vanc\v] ,isl&2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #faa4 #faa4 ,purple ,m>t9 7,progne subis74 ,l4 #g4h4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,%9+ blue-black1 all fea!rs ) dusky bases4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above dull blue-black2 brea/ grayi% edg$ ) :ite2 belly :iti%4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 ,female & ,ad4 ,male4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 except ,pacific coa/2 bre$s nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ! ,saskat*ewan2 w9t]s 9 tropics4 #faa;a4 ,we/]n ,m>t9 7,p4 s4 hesp]ia74 ,male simil> to ,male ( ,no4 #faa2 ,female belly :it]2 =ehead grayi%4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia to ,wa%+ton 7& ,briti% ,columbia872 w9t]s 9 tropics4 #faa4a4 ,cuban ,m>t9 7,progne cryptoleuca74 ,w4 #e4ej4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,) fea!rs ( v5tral region basally m>k$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female & ,yng4 ,male4 ,) brea/ & flanks sooty grayi% br[n1 belly pure :ite4 ,range4--,cuba1 nor? 9 spr+ to s\!rn ,florida4 ,illu/ration3 #fab4 #fab4 ,cliff ,swall[ 7,petro*elidon lunifrons74 ,l4 #e4e4 ,ads4 ,?roat *e/nut1 =ehead & rump c9namon-buff2 nape gray2 cr[n & back glossy blue-black1 ! back /reak$ ) :ite4 ,yng4 ,?roat dusky1 (t5 mix$ ) *e/nut2 back blacki% br[n2 rump c9namon-buff1 =ehead usually ) same4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ! limit ( trees1 bre$+ s\? to ! valleys ( ! ,potomac & ,ohio1 s\!rn ,texas1 s\!rn ,arizona1 & ,cali=nia2 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica 9 w9t]2 n record$ f ,florida or ,we/ ,indies4 7,a4,o4,u47 #fab4b4 ,mexican ,cliff ,swall[ 7,petro*elidon melanoga/ra74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fab1 b small]1 ,w4 #d4a1 =ehead deep]1 usually *e/nut1 l ?roat1 rump d>k]1 m ru/y4 ,range4--,mexico1 nor? to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 #fac4 #fac4 ,b>n ,swall[ 7,hirundo ery?roga/ra74 ,l4 ,male1 #g4e2 ,female1 #f4e4 ,tail deeply =k$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above glossy blue-black1 =ehead *e/nut2 ?roat & upp] brea/ *e/nut1 belly pal]4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,=ehead1 & und]p>ts pal]2 tail less deeply =k$4 ,notes4 ,song1 a sweet1 twitt]+1 w>bl+ song4 7,! notes ( all our ,swall[s1 :ile simple1 are diagno/ic b difficult ( description47 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ,gre5l& & ,alaska2 bre$s ?r\gh mo/ ( range2 w9t]s s\? to s\!rn ,brazil4 ,illu/ration3 #fad4 #fad4 ,tree ,swall[ 7,iridoprocne bicolor74 ,l4 #f4 ,ads4 ,above /eel-blue or /eel-gre52 bel[ :ite4 ,yng4 ,sooty gray above2 :ite bel[4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica2 bre$s locally f ,lat4 #da;,a deg4 on ,atlantic coa/ & ,lat4 #ch;,a deg4 on ,pacific coa/ nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & s\!rn ,cali=nia to ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 #fae4 #fae4 ,nor!rn ,violet-,gre5 ,swall[ 7,ta*yc9eta ?alass9a lepida74 ,l4 #e4b2 ,w4 #d4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,above bronze-gre52 upp] tail-cov]ts gre5]2 an indi/9ct nape-r+2 m>k above eye1 *eeks & und]p>ts :ite2 flank-pat*es :ite1 (t5 %[+ f above4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,mu* dull]1 ! head br[n]1 ,yng4 ,above br[ni% sooty ) a gre5i% t+e2 a :iti% m>k above & beh9d eye2 bel[ :ite4 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ea/]n base ( ,rockies to ,pacific2 bre$s f ,mexico nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 #fae;a4 ,/4 ,lucas ,swall[ 7,t4 t4 bra*ypt]a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #fae1 b w+ %ort]1 ,male1 #d4a1 ,female1 #d4 7,brew/]47 ,range4--,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #deh4 #deh4 ,black ,ph,abe 7,sayornis nigricans74 ,l4 #g4b4 ,ads4 ,brea/ & head black1 back gray]2 out] web ( out] tail-fea!r :ite2 belly black1 "u tail-cov]ts :ite /reak$ ) dusky4 ,notes4 ,a liquid hip1 a ris+ kee-ree1 & a fall+ kee-wray4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,mexico1 except ,yucatan & ,pacific coa/ f ,colima nor?w>d1 nor? into ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 & s\!a/]n ,arizona4 #deh;a4 ,we/]n ,black ,ph,abe 7,s4 n4 semiatra74 ,simil> to ,no4 #deh1 b "u tail-cov]ts :ite )\t dusky /reaks4 ,range--,pacific coa/ ( ,mexico & ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ,colima to ,oregon1 includ+ mo/ ( ,arizona4 7,nelson47 ,illu/ration3 #did4 #did4 ,bobol9k2 ,re$ bird 7,doli*onyx oryzivorus74 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,black2 nape buffy1 l[] back1 scapul>s & upp] tail-cov]ts :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above yell[i% br[n /reak$ ) buff1 & black4 bel[ yell[i% :ite1 sides /reak$ ) black4 ,w9t] plumage1 ,ads & ,yng4 ,l ,female b yell[]4 ,notes4 ,song1 an irrepressible bubbl+ outbur/ ( mad music (t5 giv5 on ! w+2 calls1 a blackbird-l *uck & a metallic1 f> c>ry+1 *9k4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 we/ to ,utah2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 ,ill9ois & ,kansas1 nor? to ,nova ,scotia1 ,manitoba1 & ,montana2 migrates s\? ?r\gh ,florida & ,we/ ,indies1 & w9t]s s\? ( ,amazon4 ,illu/ration3 #ecd ,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 #ecd ,summ]4 #ecd4 ,sn[flake 7,pass]9a nivalis74 ,l4 #f4i4 ,h9d toe-nail twice z long z %orte/ toe-nail4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,head1 rump1 second>ies1 out] tail-fea!rs & bel[ :ite2 re/ ( plumage l>gely black4 ,ad4 ,female1 summ]4 ,simil>1 b cr[n blacki%1 back edg$ ) ru/y or grayi%4 ,w9t]4 ,above ru/y & black1 bel[ :ite1 brea/ t+$ ) ru/y4 ,notes4 ,calls1 a cle>ly pip$ :i/le1 & a peculi> *irr1 (t5 utt]$ :5 tak+ w+2 song1 %ort1 simple1 b r sweet4 7,m9ot47 ,range4--,bre$s 9 nor!rn p>ts ( nor!rn hemisph]e2 9 w9t] s\? to nor!rn /ates2 irregul>ly to ,georgia1 s\!rn ,indiana1 ,kansas1 ,colorado1 & ea/]n ,oregon4 #ecd;a4 ,pribil( ,sn[flake 7,p4 n4 t[ns5di74 ,simil> to ,no4 #ecd1 b l>g]1 ) relatively long] bill2 ,male1 ,w4 #d4g2 ,b4 4#e4 7,ridgw474 ,range4--,aleutian & ,comm&] ,isl&s1 ,pribil( ,isl&s1 ,%umag9 ,isl&s4 7,ridgw474 #ece4 ,mc,kay ,sn[flake 7,pass]9a hyp]borea74 ,l4 #g4e2 ,w4 #d4f2 ,b 4#d4 ,simil> to ,no4 #ecd1 b ) m :ite4 ,ad4 ,male1 summ]4 ,back & scapul>s entirely :ite4 ,ad4 ,female1 summ]4 ,cr[n & h9dneck :ite4 ,yng4 ,n c]ta9ly di/+ui%able f ,yng4 ( ,no4 #ecd4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,bre$s on ,hall & ,/4 ,ma!ws ,isl&s1 ,b]+ ,sea2 9 w9t] we/ coa/ ( ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #fje4 #fje4 ,l>k ,bunt+ 7,calamospiza melanocorys74 ,l4 #g4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,black1 pat* 9 w+ :ite1 out] tail-fea!rs tipp$1 t]tials m>g9$ ) :ite4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,above grayi% br[n /reak$ ) blacki%2 bel[ :ite conspicu\sly /reak$ ) black2 all b c5tral tail-fea!rs ) :ite tips2 broad w+-b>s buff4 ,yng4 ,male4 ,v>i\sly int]m$iate betwe5 ,ad4 ,male & ,female4 7,see page #bea74 ,range4--,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 *iefly ea/ ( ,rockies2 bre$s f we/]n ,kansas & ea/]n ,colorado1 nor? to we/]n ,m9nesota & ,ass9iboia2 w9t]s 9 ,mexico2 irregul> we/ 9 migrations to ,idaho & s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 #dhd4 #dhd4 ,canada ,jay2 ,:iskey ,jack 7,p]isoreus canad5sis74 ,l4 #aa4e4 ,ads4 ,black ( h9dhead rea*+ to back ( eye2 back1 w+s1 & tail gray1 belly light]1 ?roat :ite2 =ehead buffy :ite4 ,notes4 ca-ca-ca & a numb] ( peculi> s\nds impossible to reproduce on pap]4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 ,nova ,scotia1 ,new ,brunswick1 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 nor!rn ,mi*igan2 nor!rn ,m9nesota1 nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,hudson ,bay region1 we/ to ! ,rockies 9 ,alb]ta4 ,illu/ration3 #dhd;a4 #dhd;a4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,jay 7,p4 c4 capitalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhd1 b head :ite1 black ( h9dhead gray] & n rea*+ to eye4 ,range4--,rocky ,m\nta9 region f ,new ,mexico & ,arizona nor? to ,montana & ,idaho4 #dhd;b4 ,alaskan ,jay 7,p4 c4 fumifrons74 ,v ne> to ,no4 #dhd1 b =ehead av]ag+ m yell[i%4 ,range4--,alaska2 int]ior & we/ to ,cook ,inlet1 nor? ( s\!rn coa/ region4 #dhd;c4 ,labrador ,jay 7,p4 c4 nigricapillus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhd1 b black ( h9dhead deep] & rea*+ =w>d z a well def9$ r+ ar\nd ! eye2 bel[ br[n]4 ,range4--,labrador4 ,illu/ration3 #dhe4 #dhe4 ,oregon ,jay 7,p]isoreus obscurus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhd1 b back fea!rs ) light %aft /reaks1 =ehead less :ite1 und]p>ts ne>ly uni=m :ite4 ,range4--,pacific coa/ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia4 #dhe;a4 ,gray ,jay 7,p4 o4 griseus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhe1 b l>g] & gray]2 back1 etc41 deep m\se gray1 in/ead ( br[n2 bel[ grayi% :ite in/ead ( br[ni% :ite4 7,ridgw47 ,range4--,briti% ,columbia1 ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia1 ea/ ( ,coa/ & ,cascade ,ranges4 7,ridgw47 ,illu/ration3 #dia4 #dia4 ,cl>ke ,nutcrack] 7,nucifraga columbiana74 ,l4 #ab4 ,ads4 ,gray2 w+s & middle tail-fea!rs black1 tips ( second>ies & out] tail-fea!rs :ite4 ,notes4 ,a l\d1 h>%1 c>-r-c>-r4 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 nor? to nor!rn ,alaska3 casually ea/ to ,mississippi ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 #dge4 #dge4 ,am]ican ,magpie 7,pica pica hudsonia74 ,l4 #bj4 ,ads4 ,bill black2 scapul>s1 belly & mo/ ( inn] m>g9s ( prim>ies :ite2 w+s glossy blue black1 tail ext]nally gre5i%2 back & brea/ velvety black4 ,notes4 ,cack1 cack1 also g>rul\s gabble int]mix$ ) :i/l+ notes4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ea/ to ! ,pla9s1 we/ to ,cascade & ,si]ra ,ranges2 bre$s f nor!rn ,new ,mexico & nor!rn ,arizona nor? to ,alaska /rays f>!r ea/ 9 w9t]4 #dgf4 ,yell[-bill$ ,magpie 7,pica nuttalli74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dge1 b bill & eye-space yell[2 small]1 ,l4 #ah4 ,notes4 ,a h>%1 rasp+1 cac-cac-cac2 & a l[1 ri* :i/le1 audible only at a %ort di/ance4 ,range4--,cali=nia1 we/ ( ,si]ra ,nevada1 nor? to ,r$ ,bluff & s\? to ,santa ,paula4 7,gr9nell47 ,illu/ration3 #dic4 #dic4 ,/>l+ 7,/urnus vulg>is74 ,l4 #h4e2 ,t4 #b4e4 ,ad4 summ]1 ,metallic gre5 & purple spott$ above ) buffy2 bill yell[4 ,ad4 w9t]4 ,simil>1 b above heavily spott$ ) br[ni% buff2 bel[ heavily spott$ ) :ite2 bill blacki%4 ,notes4 ,a long-drawn1 two-not$ :i/le1 ! second l[]2 & a *att]+1 metallic call :5 9 flocks4 ,range4--,europe & nor!rn ,asia2 accid5tal 9 ,gre5l&2 introduc$ into ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahij2 n[ common1 ext5d+ ea/ to ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 nor? to ,oss9+1 ,new ,york1 s\? to ,/at5 ,isl& & ,pla9field1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,illu/ration3 #die4 #die4 ,c[bird 7,molo?rus at]74 ,l4 #g4i2 ,w4 #d4b4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & neck c(fee-br[n1 body gre5i% black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,br[ni% gray1 ?roat light]4 ,yng4 ,l ,female4 ,notes4 ,a metallic twitt]1 & by ! male1 a long-drawn1 glassy kluck-tse-e-e2 & wat]y gurgl+ notes utt]$ ) spread w+s & tail4 ,range4--,unit$ ,/ates3 r>e we/ ( ,rockies2 bre$s f ,florida & ,texas nor? to ,new ,brunswick & ,little ,slave ,lake2 we/ to ea/]n ,oregon1 ,nevada1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f s\!rn ,new ,j]sey1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 ,indian ,t]ritory1 nor!rn ,texas1 & s\!a/]n ,cali=nia1 s\?w>d4 #die;a4 ,dw>f ,c[bird 7,m4 a4 obscurus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #die1 b small]1 ,l4 #g4e2 ,w4 #d4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 f ,gulf ,coa/ ( ,texas we/ along ,mexican b\nd>y to ,arizona & ,l[] ,cali=nia2 w9t]s s\? ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 #dif4 #dif4 ,r$-ey$ ,c[bird 7,callo?rus robu/us74 ,l4 #i4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,velvety bronze-black2 w+s & tail %9+ blue-black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,dull black1 w+s & tail ) slight gre5i% reflections4 ,range4--,s\!rn & ea/]n ,mexico nor?1 9 spr+1 to ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e1 ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #fbj4 #fbj4 ,pha9opepla 7,pha9opepla nit5s74 ,l4 #g4e4 ,cre/$4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,%9+ black2 inn] vanes ( prim>ies l>gely :ite1 %[+ 9 flight4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,d>k gray1 tail black]1 w+-cov]ts & quills n>r[ly m>g9$ ) :iti%4 ,yng4 ,l ,female4 ,notes4 ,calls1 commone/1 l call ( "y ,rob92 male has also a scold1 a ,mead[l>k-l note & a h>% ca-rack or ca-racack2 song1 a jumble ( flute-l tones & weak1 squeaky notes4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,mexico nor? to we/]n ,texas1 s\!rn ,utah & s\!rn ,cali=nia2 w9t]s f ,mexican bord] s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #eji4 #eji4 ,ru/y ,blackbird 7,scolecophagus c>ol9us74 ,l4 #i4e4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,ne>ly uni=m gre5i% black1 sometimes ) ru/y edg+s4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,slaty gray1 g5]ally ) "s ru/y edg+s4 ,w9t] plumage ( bo? sexes simil> to summ] b widely tipp$ ) ru/y above & yell[i% ru/y bel[4 ,notes4 ,m musical ?an ^? ( o!r ,blackbirds2 calls1 tcback or turalee repeat$ sev]al times4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica we/ to ! ,pla9s2 bre$s f ,new ,brunswick1 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 & ,manitoba1 nor? to ,labrador & ,alaska2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & ,kansas1 s\?w>d4 ,illu/ration3 #eaj4 #eaj4 ,brew] ,blackbird 7,scolecophagus cyanocephalus74 ,l4 #aj4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,:ole head violet-purple1 re/ ( plumage bright gre5i% black4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,grayi% br[n1 ?roat pal]1 w+s & tail gre5i% black1 no ru/y4 ,w9t] plumage ) light grayi% br[n edg+s to ! fea!rs ( ! ant]ior "p ( ! body4 ,notes4 ,*ack & a l\d1 %rill :i/le4 7,bailey47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,pla9s to ! ,pacific2 bre$s f ,texas & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia nor? to ! ,saskat*ewan & ,briti% ,columbia2 w9t]s 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( its range2 casually ea/ to ,mississippi ,riv] /ates4 ,illu/ration3 #eaa4 #eaa4 ,purple ,grackle 7,quiscalus quiscula74 ,l4 ,male1 #ab4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head1 purple1 /eel-gre5 or /eel-blue2 back purple1 brassy gre5 or gre5i%2 ! fea!rs always ) iridesc5t b>s4 ,notes4 ,t*ak & a %ort unmusical call utt]$ ) spread w+s & tail4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates2 bre$s 9 l[] ,mississippi ,valley & ea/ ( ,alleghanies1 f ,georgia to ,massa*usetts2 w9t]s f ,virg9ia s\?w>d ?r\gh its bre$+ range4 #eaa;a4 ,florida ,grackle 7,q4 q4 agl,au74 ,simil> to #eaa1 b slightly small]1 head always violet purple2 back always bottle-gre51 ) iridesc5t b>s4 ,range4--,florida1 nor? on ! ,atlantic coa/ to ,virg9ia1 we/ on ! ,gulf ,coa/ to ,texas4 #eaa;b4 ,bronz$ ,grackle 7,q4 q4 ,aneus74 ,head z 9 ,no4 #eaa1 back & belly bronze1 ! fea!rs :olly )\t iridesc5t b>s4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates we/ to ! ,rockies2 bre$s f s\!rn ,texas to ,great ,slave ,lake1 ea/ to ,alleghanies1 &1 9 ,new ,york1 ea/ & nor!a/ to ,connecticut1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,labrador2 w9t]s *iefly 9 l[] ,mississippi valley2 migrates 9 "p ea/ ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,illu/ration3 #eac4 #eac4 ,boat-tail$ ,grackle 7,megaquiscalus major74 ,l4 ,male1 #af2 ,w4 #g4e2 ,t4 #g4 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head & neck glossy purple2 back & belly glossy gre5i% blue4 ,ad4 ,female4 ,mu* small]1 ,t4 #e4b2 above blacki% br[n2 bel[ soil$ ru/y buff4 ,notes4 ,t*ack1 a v>iety ( ho>se1 r =c$ :i/les & a gurgl+ roll z ( a ,coot patt]+ ov] ! wat]4 ,range4--,florida1 nor? along ! coa/ to ,virg9ia2 we/ along coa/ to ,texas4 #eac;a4 ,great-tail$ ,grackle 7,m4 m4 macr\rus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #eac1 b l>g]1 ,male1 ,l4 #ah2 ,t4 #i4 ,=eback & brea/1 z well z head & neck1 purple1 only rump & l[] belly gre5i% blue2 ,female black] bo? above & bel[ ?an ,male ( #eac4 ,notes4 ,t*ack1 & a great] v>iety ( squeaky calls & ho>se :i/les ?an are utt]$ by ,no4 #eac4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,texas & s\? into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 #dhf4 #dhf4 ,am]ican ,rav5 7,corvus corax s9uatus74 ,l4 #bd2 ,w4 #af2 ,b4 #b4g4 ,ads4 ,resembl+ ,no4 #dhh1 9 color b glossi] bel[ & ) ! fea!rs ( ?roat n>r[ & l5g!n$2 nape fea!rs gray at base4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se1 croak+1 craack-craack1 sometimes a deep1 grunt+ koe]-koe]2 a cluck+1 & a metallic klunk4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,guatemala nor? to ,briti% ,columbia2 ea/ to ! ,rockies1 we/ to ,pacific4 #dhf;a4 ,nor!rn ,rav5 7,c4 c4 pr9cipalis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhf1 b l>g]1 ,l4 #be2 ,w4 #ag2 ,b4 #c4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,georgia & coa/ ( ,ma9e1 nor? to ,gre5l&2 we/ to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration3 #dhg4 #dhg4 ,:ite-neck$ ,rav5 7,corvus cryptoleucus74 ,l4 #ah4e4 ,ads4 ,blue-black2 fea!rs ( ?roat n>r[ & l5g!n$ & ) fea!rs ( neck all ar\nd1 :ite at ! base4 ,notes4 ,kwank-kwank1 less l\d & p5etrat+ ?an ^? ( ,no4 #dhf4 7,b5dire47 ,range4--,nor!rn ,mexico1 nor? to we/]n ,kansas1 ea/]n ,colorado 7r>ely71 & s\!rn ,cali=nia2 ea/ to we/]n ,texas4 ,illu/ration3 #dhh4 #dhh4 ,am]ican ,cr[ 7,corvus am]icanus74 ,l4 #ai4c2 ,w4 #ab4a2 ,b4 #b4jj4 ,black ) /eel-blue or deep1 purpli% reflections2 bel[ dull]1 neck fea!rs n l5g!n$4 ,notes4 ,caw1 caw1 ) _m v>iations2 song1 c>-r-r-uck1 oo-oo-oo-oo-ah4 ,range4--,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? to ,arctic ,circle2 w9t]s f nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates s\?w>d2 local 9 we/4 #dhh;a4 ,florida ,cr[ 7,c4 a4 pascuus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhh1 b w+s & tail some:at %ort]1 bill & feet slightly l>g]1 ,w4 #ab2 ,t4 #g4c2 ,b4 #b4a4 ,range4--,florida4 #dhi4 ,nor?we/ ,cr[ 7,corvus caur9us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhh 9 color b small]2 ,l4 #af2 ,w4 #aa2 ,b4 #a4g4 ,range4--,nor?we/ coa/1 f ,oregon to ,kadiak ,isl&1 ,alaska4 ,illu/ration3 #dij4 #dij4 ,fi% ,cr[ 7,corvus ossifragus74 ,l4 #af2 ,w4 #aa2 ,b4 #a4e4 ,ads4 ,resemble ,no4 #dhh1 9 color1 b back fea!rs are uni=m blue-black )\t dull m>g9s2 und]p>ts are ne>ly z bright z upp]p>ts4 ,notes4 ,a ho>se1 nasal1 re$y c> resembl+ ! call ( ! "y ( ,no4 #dhh4 ,range4--,atlantic coa/ nor? to ,connecticut1 7casually ,massa*usetts71 we/ along ,gulf coa/ to ,l\isiana2 resid5t1 except at nor!rn limit ( range4 ,,sy/ematic ,,table ,( ! ,birds ( ,am]ica nor? ( ,mexico1 arrang$ accord+ to ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union's ',*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds'1 ,?ird ,edition #aiaj1 & ,supplem5t,b1 ,july1 #aiab4 7,! pres5ce ( brackets1 1 indicates t ! species is an accid5tal visitant74 ,b ,! ,auk1 xxix1 #aiab1 pp4 #chj-chg4 ,c ,note t tr9omials are n[ employ$ = all ! races ( a species includ+ ! fir/ "o describ$4 ,h5ce 9 place ( ,no4 #ac1 ,puff91 ,frat]cula arctica1 we n[ h ,no4 #ac1 ,puff91 ,frat]cula arctica arctica4 7,see pages #f & #g = an explanation ( ?is me?od47 ,e ,note also t 9 accordance ) a rul+ ( ! ,a4,o4,u41 ! apo/rophe is us$ ) ! names ( birds nam$ aft] individuals4 ,?us 9 place ( ,no4 #af1 ,cass9 ,auklet1 we h ,no4 #af1 ,cass9's ,auklet4 ,^! *anges affect all simil> cases ?r\gh\t ! ,color ,key4 ,aft] id5tify+ a species1 !re=e1 ! /ud5t %\ld turn to its numb] 9 ! ,sy/ematic ,table to le>n :e!r any *ange has be5 made 9 its "n4 ,all alt]ations o!r ?an ^? ( m]e nom5clature are giv5 beyond 9 ,app5dix ,i4 ,ord] ,,pygopodes4 ,div+ ,birds ,family ,,colymbida4 ,grebes4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #a ,we/]n ,grebe ,a*mophorus occid5talis #dd #b ,holb,all's ,grebe ,colymbus holb,alli #dc #c ,horn$ ,grebe auritus #dc #d ,e>$ ,grebe nigricollis cali=nicus #dc #e ,mexican ,grebe dom9icus bra*ypt]us #dc #f ,pi$-bill ,grebe ,podilymbus podiceps #dc ,family ,,gaviida4 ,loons4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #g ,loon ,gavia imm] #dd #h ,yell[-bill$ ,loon adamsi #dd #i ,black-?roat$ ,loon arctica #dd #aj ,pacific ,loon pacifica #dd #aa ,r$-?roat$ ,loon /ellata #dd ,family ,,alcida4 ,auks1 ,murres1 & ,puff9s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ab ,tuft$ ,puff9 ,lunda cirrhata #de #ac ,puff9 ,frat]cula arctica arctica,c #de #ac;a ,l>ge-bill$ ,puff9 naumanni #de #ad ,horn$ ,puff9 corniculata #de #ae ,rh9oc]os ,auklet ,c]orh9ca monoc]ata #de #af ,cass9's ,auklet,e ,pty*oramphus aleuticus #df #ag ,p>oquet ,auklet ,phal]is psittacula #dg #ah ,cre/$ ,auklet ,a?ia cri/atella #dg #ai ,:isk]$ ,auklet pygm,aa #dg #bj ,lea/ ,auklet pusilla #dg #ba ,anci5t ,murrelet ,syn?liboramphus antiquus #dg #bc ,m>bl$ ,murrelet ,bra*yramphus m>moratus #df #bd ,kittlitz's ,murrelet breviro/ris #df #be ,xantus's ,murrelet hypoleucus #df #bf ,crav]i's ,murrelet crav]ii #df #bg ,black ,guillemot ,cepphus grylle #dh #bh ,m&t's ,guillemot m&ti #dh #bi ,pigeon ,guillemot columba #dh #cj ,murre ,uria troile troile #dh #cj;a ,cali=nia ,murre cali=nica #dh #ca ,brunni*'s ,murre lomvia lomvia #dh #ca;a ,pallas's ,murre arra #dh #cb ,razor-bill$ ,auk ,alca torda #dh #cc ,great ,auk ,plautus imp5nis #dh #cd ,dovekie ,alle alle #df ,ord] ,,longip5nes4 ,long ,w+$ ,swimm]s ,family ,,/]cor>iida4 ,skuas & ,jaeg]s ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ce ,skua ,megale/ris skua #ea #cf ,pom>9e ,jaeg] ,/]cor>ius pom>9us #ea #cg ,p>asitic ,jaeg] p>asiticus #ea #ch ,long-tail$ ,jaeg] longicaudus #ea ,family ,,l>ida4 ,gulls & ,t]ns ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ci ,ivory ,gull ,pagophila alba #eb #dj ,kittiwake ,rissa tridactyla tridactyla #eb #dj;a ,pacific ,kittiwake pollic>is #eb #da ,r$-legg$ ,kittiwake ,rissa breviro/ris #eb #db ,glauc\s ,gull ,l>us hyp]boreus #ec #dc ,icel& ,gull leucopt]us #ec #dd ,glauc\s-w+$ ,gull glaucesc5s #ec #de ,kumli5's ,gull kumli5i #ec #df ,nelson's ,gull nelsoni #ec #dg ,great ,black-back$ ,gull m>9us #ed #dh ,slaty-back$ ,gull s*i/isagus #ed #di ,we/]n ,gull occid5talis #ed #ej ,sib]ian ,gull aff9is ,a4,v4 #ea ,h]r+ ,gull arg5tatus #ee #eb ,vega ,gull veg,a ,a4,v4 #ec ,cali=nia ,gull cali=nicus #ee #ed ,r+-bill$ ,gull delaw>5sis #eb #ee ,%ort-bill$ ,gull bra*yrhyn*us #eb #ef ,mew ,gull canus ,a4,v4 #eg ,he]mann's ,gull he]manni #ed #eh ,laugh+ ,gull atricilla #ef #ei ,frankl9's ,gull frankl9i #ef #fj ,bonap>te's ,gull philadelphia #ef #fj4a ,little ,gull m9utus ,a4,v4 #fa ,ross's ,gull ,rhodo/e?ia rosea #ef #fb ,sab9e's ,gull ,xema sab9i #ef #fc ,gull-bill$ ,t]n ,gelo*elidon nilotica #eh #fd ,caspian ,t]n ,/]na caspia #eg #fe ,royal ,t]n maxima #eg #ff ,elegant ,t]n elegans #eg #fg ,cabot's ,t]n s&vic5sis acuflavida #eg #fh ,trudeau's ,t]n trudeaui ,a4,v4 #fi ,=/]'s ,t]n =/]i #ei #gj ,common ,t]n hirundo #ei #ga ,arctic ,t]n paradis,aa #ei #gb ,roseate ,t]n d\galli #ei #gc ,aleutian ,t]n aleutica #eh #gd ,lea/ ,t]n antill>um #eh #ge ,sooty ,t]n fuscata #fj #gf ,bridl$ ,t]n an,a!ta #eh #gg ,black ,t]n ,hydro*elidon nigra sur9am5sis #fj #gh ,:ite-w+$ ,black ,t]n leucopt]a ,a4,v4 #gi ,noddy ,an\s /olidus #fj ,family ,,ryn*opida4 ,skimm]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #hj ,black ,skimm] ,ryn*ops nigra #fj ,ord] ,,tub9>es4 ,tube-nos$ ,swimm]s ,family ,,diom$eida4 ,albatrosses4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ha ,black-foot$ ,albatross ,diom$ea nigripes #fb #hb ,%ort-tail$ ,albatross albatrus #fb #hb4a ,laysan ,albatross immutabilis #fb #hc ,yell[-nos$ ,albatross 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#bii ,frankl9's ,gr\se frankl9i #aag #cjj ,ruff$ ,gr\se ,bonasa umbellus umbellus #aah #cjj;a ,canada ,ruff$ ,gr\se togata #aah #cjj;b ,gray ,ruff$ ,gr\se umbelloides #aah #cjj;c ,oregon ,ruff$ ,gr\se sab9i #aah #cja ,will[ ,pt>migan ,lagopus lagopus lagopus #aai #cja;a ,all5's ,pt>migan all5i #aai #cja;b ,alex&]'s ,pt>migan alexandr,a #bie #cja;c ,ungava ,pt>migan ungavus #bie #cjb ,rock ,pt>migan rupe/ris rupe/ris #aai #cjb;a ,re9h>dt's ,pt>migan re9h>di #aai #cjb;b ,nelson's ,pt>migan nelsoni #aai #cjb;c ,turn]'s ,pt>migan atkh5sis #abj #cjb;d ,t[ns5d's ,pt>migan t[ns5di #abj #cjb;e ,adak ,pt>migan *amb]la9i #bif #cjb;f ,dixon's ,pt>migan dixoni #bif #cjb4a ,ev]mann's ,pt>migan ev]manni #abj #cjc ,wel*'s ,pt>migan wel*i #abj #cjd ,:ite-tail$ ,pt>migan ,lagopus leucurus leucurus #aah #cjd;a ,k5ai ,:ite-tail$ ,pt>migan p59sul>is #aah #cje ,prairie ,*ick5 ,tympanu*us am]icanus am]icanus #aba #cje;a ,attwat]'s ,prairie ,*ick5 attwat]i #aba #cjf ,hea? ,h5 cupido #aba #cjg ,less] ,prairie ,*ick5 pallidic9ctus #aba #cjh ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se ,pedi,acetes phasianellus phasianellus #aba #cjh;a ,columbian ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se ,pedi,acetes phasianellus columbianus #aba #cjh;b ,prairie ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se campe/ris #aba #cji ,sage ,h5 ,c5troc]cus urophasianus #abb ,family ,,meleagrida4 ,turkeys4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #caj ,m]riam's ,turkey ,meleagris gallopavo m]riami #abb #caj;a ,wild ,turkey silve/ris #abb #caj;b ,florida ,turkey osceola #abb #caj;c ,rio ,gr&e ,turkey int]m$ia #abb ,family ,,cracida4 ,curass[s & ,guans4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #caa ,*a*alaca ,ortalis vetula mccalli #abb ,ord] ,,columba4 ,pigeons ,family ,,columbida4 ,pigeons4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cab ,b&-tail$ ,pigeon ,columba fasciata fasciata #abd #cab;a ,viosca's ,pigeon viosc,a #abd #cac ,r$-bill$ ,pigeon flaviro/ris #abd #cad ,:ite-cr[n$ ,pigeon leucocephala #abd #cad4a ,scal$ ,pigeon squamosa ,a4,v4 #cae ,pass5g] ,pigeon ,ectopi/es migratorius #abe #caf ,m\rn+ ,dove ,z5aidura macr\ra c>ol95sis #abe #caf;i ,we/]n ,m\rn+ ,dove m>g9ella #bif #cag ,z5aida ,dove ,z5aida z5aida #abe #cah ,:ite-front$ ,dove ,leptotila fulviv5tris bra*ypt]a #abe #cai ,we/ ,indian ,:ite-w+$ ,dove ,melopelia asiatica asiatica #abf #cai;a ,:ite-w+$ ,dove trudeaui #bif #cbj ,gr\nd ,dove ,ch,amepelia pass]9a t]re/ris #abf #cbj;a ,mexican ,gr\nd ,dove pallesc5s #abf #cbj;b ,b]muda ,gr\nd ,dove b]mudiana #abf #cba ,inca ,dove ,sc>dafella inca #abf #cbb ,key ,we/ ,quail-dove ,geotrygon *rysia #abf #cbb4a ,ruddy ,quail-dove montana #abf #cbc ,blue-head$ ,quail-dove ,starn,anas cyanocephala #abf ,ord] ,,raptores4 ,birds ( ,prey4 ,family ,,ca?>tida4 ,am]ican ,vultures4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cbd ,cali=nia ,vulture ,gymnogyps cali=nianus #abi #cbe ,turkey ,vulture ,ca?>tes aura sept5trionalis #abi #cbf ,black ,vulture ,ca?>i/a urubu #abi ,family ,,buteonida4 ,hawks1 ,eagles1 ,kites1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cbg ,swall[-tail$ ,kite ,elanoides =ficatus #acj #cbh ,:ite-tail$ ,kite ,elanus leucurus #acj #cbi ,mississippi ,kite ,ict9ia mississippi5sis #acj #ccj ,ev]glade ,kite ,ro/rhamus sociabilis #acj #cca ,m>% ,hawk ,circus hudsonius #acj #ccb ,%>p-%9n$ ,hawk ,accipit] velox #aca #ccc ,coop]'s ,hawk coop]i #aca #ccd ,go%awk atricapillus atricapillus #aca #ccd;a ,we/]n ,go%awk /riatulus #aca #cce ,h>ris's ,hawk ,p>abuteo unic9ctus h>risi #acb #ccg ,r$-tail$ ,hawk ,buteo borealis borealis #acb #ccg;a ,krid]'s ,hawk krid]i #acb #ccg;b ,we/]n ,r$-tail calurus #acb #ccg;d ,h>lan's ,hawk h>lani #acb #ccg;e ,alaska ,r$-tail alasc5sis #bif #cci ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk l9eatus l9eatus #acc #cci;a ,florida ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk all5i #acc #cci;b ,r$-belli$ ,hawk elegans #acc #cdj ,zone-tail$ ,hawk abbreviatus #acd #cda ,s5nett's ,:ite-tail$ ,hawk albicaudatus s5netti #ace #cdb ,swa9son's ,hawk swa9soni #acc #cdc ,broad-w+$ ,hawk platypt]us #acc #cdd ,%ort-tail$ ,hawk 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,aplomado ,falcon fusco-c,arulesc5s #acg #cei4a ,ke/rel t9nunculus ,a4,v4 #cfj ,sp>r[ ,hawk sp>v]ius sp>v]ius #acg #cfj;a ,des]t ,sp>r[ ,hawk phal,ana #ach #cfj;b ,san ,lucas ,sp>r[ ,hawk p59sul>is #ach #cfj;c ,little ,sp>r[ ,hawk paulus #bif #cfa ,cuban ,sp>r[ ,hawk sp>v]oides ,a4,v4 #cfb ,audubon's ,c>ac>a ,polyborus *]iway #acd #cfc ,guadalupe ,c>ac>a lutosus #acd ,family ,,p&ionida4 ,ospreys4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cfd ,osprey ,p&ion halia,atus c>ol95sis #abi ,family ,,alucondida4 ,b>n ,owls4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cfe ,b>n ,owl ,aluco prat9cola #ach ,family ,,/rigida4 ,horn$ ,owls1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cff ,long-e>$ ,owl ,asio wilsonianus #ach #cfg ,%ort-e>$ ,owl flammeus #ach #cfh ,b>r$ ,owl ,/rix v>ia v>ia #aci #cfh;a ,florida ,b>r$ ,owl all5i #aci #cfh;b ,texas ,b>r$ ,owl albogilva #aci #cfi ,spott$ ,owl ,/rix occid5talis occid5talis #aci #cfi;a ,nor!rn ,spott$ ,owl caur9a #aci #cgj ,great ,gray ,owl ,scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa #aci #cgj;a ,lapp ,owl lapponica ,a4,v4 #cga ,ri*>dson's ,owl ,cryptoglaux fun]ea ri*>dsoni #aci #cgb ,saw-:et ,owl acadica acadica #adj #cgb;a ,nor?we/]n ,saw-:et ,owl scot,aa #adj #cgc ,scree* ,owl ,otus asio asio #ada #cgc;a ,florida ,scree* ,owl floridanus #ada #cgc;b ,texas ,scree* ,owl mccalli #ada #cgc;c ,cali=nia ,scree* ,owl b5direi #ada #cgc;d ,k5nicott's ,scree* ,owl k5nicotti #ada #cgc;e ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,scree* ,owl maxwelli,a #ada #cgc;f ,mexican ,scree* ,owl c9]aceus #adb #cgc;g ,aik5's ,scree* ,owl aik5i #adb #cgc;h ,mac,farlane's ,scree* ,owl macf>lanei #adb #cgc;i ,sahu>o ,scree* ,owl gilmani #big #cgc4a ,spott$ ,scree* ,owl tri*opsis #adb #cgc4b ,xantus's ,scree* ,owl xantusi #adb #cgd ,flammulat$ ,scree* ,owl flammeolus flammeolus #adb #cgd;a ,dw>f ,scree* ,owl idaho5sis #adb #cge ,great ,horn$ ,owl ,bubo virg9ianus virg9ianus #adc #cge;a ,we/]n ,horn$ ,owl pallesc5s #adc #cge;b ,arctic ,horn$ ,owl sub>cticus #adc #cge;c ,dusky ,horn$ ,owl saturatus #adc #cge;d ,pacific ,horn$ ,owl pacificus #adc #cge;e ,dw>f ,horn$ ,owl ela*i/us #adc #cge;f ,labrador ,horn$ ,owl het]ocnemis #big #cge;g ,sa9t ,mi*ael ,horn$ ,owl algi/us #big #cgf ,sn[y ,owl ,nyctea nyctea #adc #cgg ,european ,hawk ,owl ,surnia ulula ulula ,a4,v4 #cgg;a ,hawk ,owl cap>o* #adc #cgh ,burr[+ ,owl ,speotyto cunicul>ia hypog,aa #ach #cgh;a ,florida ,burr[+ ,owl floridana #ach #cgi ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,pygmy ,owl ,glaucidium gnoma p9icola #adj #cgi;a ,cali=nia ,pygmy ,owl cali=nicum #adj #cgi4a ,hosk9s's ,pygmy ,owl hosk9si #adj #chj ,f]rug9\s ,pygmy ,owl phal,anoides #adj #cha ,elf ,owl ,micropallas :itneyi #adj ,ord] ,,psittaci4 ,p>rots1 ,macaws1 ,p>oquets1 etc4 ,family ,,psittacida4 ,p>rots & ,p>oquets4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #chb ,c>ol9a ,p>oquet ,conuropsis c>ol95sis #ade #chb4a ,?ick-bill$ ,p>rot ,rhyn*opsitta pa*yrhyn*a #ade ,ord] ,,coccyges4 ,cuckoos1 etc4 ,family ,,cuculida4 ,cuckoos1 ,anis1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #chc ,ani ,crotophaga ani #adf #chd ,groove-bill$ ,ani sulciro/ris #adf #che ,road-runn] ,geococcyx cali=nianus #adf #chf ,mangrove ,cuckoo ,coccyzus m9or m9or #adf #chf;a ,mayn>d's ,cuckoo mayn>di #adf #chg ,yell[-bill$ ,cuckoo am]icanus am]icanus #adf #chg;a ,cali=nia ,cuckoo occid5talis #adf #chh ,black-bill$ ,cuckoo ery?roph?almus #adf #chh4a ,kam*atka ,cuckoo ,cuculus canorus telephonus ,a4,v4 ,family ,,trogonida4 ,trogons4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #chi ,copp]y-tail$ ,trogon ,trogon ambiguus #adg ,family ,,alc$9ida4 ,k+fi%]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cij ,belt$ ,k+fi%] ,c]yle alcyon alcyon #adg #cij;a ,nor?we/]n ,belt$ ,k+fi%]4 caur9a #big #cij4a ,r+$ ,k+fi%] torquata ,a4,v4 #cia ,texas ,k+fi%] am]icana sept5trionalis #adg ,ord] ,,pici4 ,woodpeck]s1 ,wrynecks1 etc4 ,family ,,picida4 ,woodpeck]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #cib ,ivory-bill$ ,woodpeck] ,campephilus pr9cipalis #adi #cic ,hairy ,woodpeck] ,dryobates villosus villosus #aej #cic;a ,nor!rn ,hairy ,woodpeck] leucomelas #aej #cic;b ,s\!rn ,hairy ,woodpeck] auduboni #aej #cic;c ,h>ris's ,woodpeck] h>risi #aej #cic;d ,cabanis's ,woodpeck] hyloscopus #aej #cic;e ,rocky ,mt4 ,hairy ,woodpeck] monticola #aej #cic;f ,que5 ,*>lotte ,woodpeck] picoideus #aej #cic;g ,newf\ndl& ,woodpeck] terr,anov,a #big #cic;h ,:ite-brea/$ ,woodpeck] ,dryobates villosus leuco?orectis #big #cid ,s\!rn ,d[ny ,woodpeck] pubesc5s pubesc5s #aej #cid;a ,gairdn]'s ,woodpeck] gairdn]i #aej #cid;b ,bat*eld]'s ,woodpeck] homorus #aej #cid;c ,d[ny ,woodpeck] m$ianus #aej #cid;d ,nelson's ,d[ny ,woodpeck] nelsoni #aej #cid;e ,will[ ,woodpeck] turati #aea #cie ,r$-cockad$ ,woodpeck] borealis #aea #cif ,cactus ,woodpeck] scal>is cactophilus #aea #cif;a ,san ,lucas ,woodpeck] lucasanus #aea #cif;b ,san ,f]n&o ,woodpeck] eremicus #big #cig ,nuttall's ,woodpeck] nuttalli #aea #cih ,arizona ,woodpeck] arizon,a #ada #cii ,:ite-head$ ,woodpeck] ,x5opicus albol>vatus #aea #djj ,arctic ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] ,picoides arcticus #adi #dja ,am]4 ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] am]icanus am]icanus #adi #dja;a ,alaska ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] fasciatus #adi #dja;b ,alp9e ,?ree-to$ ,woodpeck] dorsalis #adi #djb ,yell[-belli$ ,sapsuck] ,sphyrapicus v>ius v>ius #aeb #djb;a ,r$-nap$ ,sapsuck] nu*alis #aeb #djc ,r$-brea/$ ,sapsuck] rub] rub] #aeb #djc;a ,nor!rn ,r$-brea/$ ,sapsuck] notk5sis #aeb #djd ,williamson's ,sapsuck] ?yroideus #aeb #dje ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] ,ceophl,au pileatus pileatus #adi #dje;a ,nor!rn ,pileat$ ,woodpeck] abieticola #adi #djf ,r$-head$ ,woodpeck] ,melan]pes ery?rocephalus #aec #djg ,ant-eat+ ,woodpeck] =micivorus =micivorus #aec #djg;a ,cali=nian ,woodpeck] bairdi #aec #djg;b ,n>r[-front$ ,woodpeck] angu/ifrons #aec #djh ,lewis's ,woodpeck] ,asyndesmus lewisi #aeb #dji ,r$-belli$ ,woodpeck] ,c5turus c>ol9us #aec #daj ,gold5-front$ ,woodpeck] aurifrons #aec #daa ,gila ,woodpeck] uropygialis #aec #dab ,s\!rn ,flick] ,colaptes auratus auratus #aed #dab;a ,nor!rn ,flick] luteus #aed #dac ,r$-%aft$ ,flick] caf] coll>is #aed #dac;a ,nor?we/]n ,flick] saturatior #aed #dad ,gild$ ,flick] *rysoides *rysoides #aed #dad;a ,san ,f]n&o ,flick] brunnesc5s #aed #dad;b ,me>ns's ,gild$ ,flick] me>nsi #bih #dae ,guadalupe ,flick] rufipileus #aed ,ord] ,,macro*ires4 ,goatsuck]s1 ,swifts1 etc4 ,family ,,caprimulgida4 ,goatsuck]s1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #daf ,*uck-w's-wid[ ,antro/omus c>ol95sis #aef #dag ,:ip-poor-w vocif]us vocif]us #aef #dag;a ,/eph5's ,:ip-poor-w macromy/ax #aef #dah ,poor-w ,phal,anoptilus nuttalli nuttalli #aef #dah;a ,fro/$ ,poor-w nitidus #aef #dah;b ,dusky ,poor-w cali=nicus #aef #dai ,m]rill's ,p>auque ,nyctidromus albicollis m]rilli #aeg #dbj ,nigh?awk ,*ordeiles virg9ianus virg9ianus #aeg #dbj;a ,we/]n ,nigh?awk h5ryi #aeg #dbj;b ,florida ,nigh?awk *apmani #aeg #dbj;c ,s5nett's ,nigh?awk s5netti #aeg #dba ,texas ,nigh?awk acutip5nis tex5sis 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c]v9iv5tris *alconota #afj #dci4 #a ,salv9's ,humm+bird ,uranomitra salv9i #bih #ddj ,xantus's ,humm+bird ,basil9na xantusi #aei #ddj4 #a ,:ite-e>$ ,humm+bird leucotis #afj #dda ,broad-bill$ ,humm+bird ,cynan?us latiro/ris #afj ,ord] ,,pass]es4 ,p]*+ ,birds ,family ,,cot+ida4 ,cot+as4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #dda4a ,xantus's ,bec>d ,platyps>is aglai,a albiv5tris ,a4,v4 ,family ,,tyrannida4 ,tyrant ,flycat*]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ddb ,=k-tail$ ,flycat*] ,muscivora tyrannus ,a4,v4 #ddc ,scissor-tail$ ,flycat*] =ficata #agg #ddd ,k+bird ,tyrannus tyrannus #bdg #dde ,gray ,k+bird dom9ic5sis #bdg #ddf ,c\*'s ,k+bird melan*olicus c\*i #bjb #ddg ,arkansas ,k+bird v]ticalis #bjb #ddh ,cass9's ,k+bird vocif]ans #bjb #ddi ,d]by ,flycat*] ,pitangus sulphuratus d]bianus #bjb #dea ,sulphur-belli$ ,flycat*] ,myiodyna/es luteiv5tris #bjc #deb ,cre/$ ,flycat*] ,myi>*us cr9itus #bjc #dec ,arizona ,cre/$ ,flycat*] magi/] magi/] #bjc #dec;a 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ery?roph?almus all5i #bjd #ehh ,arctic ,t[hee maculatus arcticus #bjd #ehh;a ,spurr$ ,t[hee montanus #bjd #ehh;b ,oregon ,t[hee oregonus #bjd #ehh;c ,san ,clem5te ,t[hee clement,a #bjd #ehh;d ,san ,diego ,t[hee megalonyx #bjd #ehh;e ,l>ge-bill$ ,t[hee magniro/ris #bjd #ehi ,guadalupe ,t[hee consobr9us #bjd #eia ,ca,a-on ,t[hee fuscus mesoleucus #bje #eia;a ,san ,lucas ,t[hee albigula #bje #eia4a ,cali=nia ,t[hee crissalis crissalis #bje #eia4a;a ,an?ony's ,t[hee s5icula #bje #eib ,ab]t's ,t[hee ab]ti #bje #eib4a ,gre5-tail$ ,t[hee ,oreospiza *lorura #bjf #eic ,c>d9al ,c>d9alis c>d9alis c>d9alis #agg #eic;a ,arizona ,c>d9al sup]bus #agb #eic;b ,san ,lucas ,c>d9al igneus #agb #eic;c ,gray-tail$ ,c>d9al canicaudus #agb #eic;d ,florida ,c>d9al floridanus #agb #eid ,arizona ,pyrrhuloxia ,pyrrhuloxia s9uata s9uata #agb #eid;a ,texas ,pyrrhuloxia texana #agb #eid;b ,san ,lucas ,pyrrhuloxia peninsul,a #agb #eie ,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak ,zamelodia ludoviciana #agd #eif ,black-head$ ,grosbeak melanocephala #bjg #eig ,blue ,grosbeak ,guiraca c,arulea c,arulea #aha #eig;a ,we/]n ,blue ,grosbeak ,guiraca c,arulea lazula #aha #eih ,indigo ,bunt+ ,pass]9a cyanea #aha #eii ,lazuli ,bunt+ am,ana #ahj #fjj ,v>i$ ,bunt+ v]sicolor v]sicolor #ahj #fjj;a ,beautiful ,bunt+ pul*ra #ahj #fja ,pa9t$ ,bunt+ ciris #ahj #fjb ,%>pe's ,se$-eat] ,sporophila morelleti %>pei #bdi #fjc ,grassquit ,ti>is bicolor ,a4,v4 #fjc4a ,melodi\s ,grassquit canora ,a4,v4 #fjd ,dickcissel ,spiza am]icana #aih #fje ,l>k ,bunt+ ,calamospiza melanocorys #beb ,family ,,tang>ida4 ,tanag]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fjg ,we/]n ,tanag] ,piranga ludoviciana #aga #fjh ,sc>let ,tanag] ery?romelas #aga #fji ,hepatic ,tanag] hepatica #aga #faj ,summ] ,tanag] rubra rubra #aga #faj;a ,coop]'s ,tanag] coop]i #aga ,family ,,hirund9ida4 ,swall[s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #faa ,purple ,m>t9 ,progne subis subis #bej #faa;a ,we/]n ,m>t9 hesp]ia #bej #faa4a ,cuban ,m>t9 cryptoleuca #bej #faa4b ,gray-brea/$ ,m>t9 *alybea #cjd #fab ,cliff ,swall[ ,petro*elidon lunifrons lunifrons #bej #fab;a ,less] ,cliff ,swall[ ta*9a #cjd #fab;b ,mexican ,cliff ,swall[ melanoga/ra #bej #fab4a ,cuban ,cliff ,swall[ fulva ,a4,v4 #fac ,b>n ,swall[ ,hirundo ery?roga/ra #bej #fac4a ,european ,swall[ ru/ica ,a4,v4 #fad ,tree ,swall[ ,iridoprocne bicolor #bej #fae ,nor!rn ,violet-gre5 ,swall[ ,ta*yc9eta ?alass9a lepida #bej #fae;a ,san ,lucas ,swall[ bra*ypt]a #bej #fae4a ,bahama ,swall[ ,calli*elidon cyaneoviridis ,a4,v4 #fae4b ,european ,m>t9 ,*elidon>ia urbica ,a4,v4 #faf ,bank ,swall[ ,rip>ia rip>ia ,a4,v4 #fag ,r\gh-w+$ ,swall[ ,/elgidopt]yx s]rip5nis #baa ,family ,,bombycillida ,waxw+s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fah ,bohemian ,waxw+ ,bombycilla g>rula #aih #fai ,c$> ,waxw+ c$rorum #aih ,family ,,ptilogonatida4 ,silky ,flycat*]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fbj ,pha9opepla ,pha9opepla nit5s #bec ,family ,,laniida4 ,%rikes4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fba ,nor!rn ,%rike ,lanius borealis #bdh #fbb ,logg]head ,%rike ludovicianus ludovicianus #bdh #fbb;a ,:ite-rump$ ,%rike excubitorides #bdh #fbb;b ,cali=nia ,%rike gambeli #bdh #fbb;c ,isl& ,%rike an?onyi #bdh #fbb;e ,migrant ,%rike migrans #cjd ,family ,,vireonida4 ,vireos4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fbc ,black-:isk]$ ,vireo ,vireosylva calidris b>batula #bab #fbd ,r$-ey$ ,vireo olivacea #bab #fbe ,yell[-gre5 ,vireo flavoviridis #bcc #fbf ,philadelphia ,vireo philadelphica #bac #fbg ,w>bl+ ,vireo gilva gilva #bac #fbg;a ,we/]n ,w>bl+ ,vireo swa9soni #bac #fbh ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireo ,lanivireo flavifrons #aih #fbi ,blue-head$ ,vireo solit>ius solit>ius #bac #fbi;a ,cass9's ,vireo cass9i #bac #fbi;b ,plumbe\s ,vireo plumbeus #bac #fbi;c ,m\nta9 ,solit>y ,vireo alticola #bac #fbi;d ,san ,lucas ,solit>y ,vireo lucasanus #bac #fcj ,black-capp$ ,vireo ,vireo atricapillus #bde #fca ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo griseus griseus #bac #fca;a ,key ,we/ ,vireo griseus mayn>di #bac #fca;b ,b]muda ,vireo b]mudianus #bac #fca;c ,small ,:ite-ey$ ,vireo micrus #bac #fcb ,hutton's ,vireo huttoni huttoni #bab #fcb;a ,/eph5s's ,vireo /eph5si #bab #fcb;c ,an?ony's ,vireo obscurus #bab #fcb;d ,fraz>'s ,vireo cognatus #bii #fcc ,bell's ,vireo belli belli #bad #fcc;a ,lea/ ,vireo pusillus #bad #fcc;b ,texas ,vireo m$ius #bii #fcd ,gray ,vireo vic9ior #bad ,family ,,co]ebida4 ,honey ,creep]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fce ,bahama ,honey ,creep] ,,careba baham5sis ,a4,v4 ,family ,,mniotiltida4 ,wood ,w>bl]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fcf ,black & ,:ite ,w>bl] ,mniotilta v>ia #bdi #fcg ,pro?onot>y ,w>bl] ,protonot>ia citrea #ahg #fch ,swa9son's ,w>bl] ,hel9aia swa9soni #bae #fci ,worm-eat+ ,w>bl] ,helmi!ros v]mivorus #bae #fdj ,ba*man's ,w>bl] ,v]mivora ba*mani #aia #fda ,blue-w+$ ,w>bl] p9us #aia #fdb ,gold5-w+$ ,w>bl] *rysopt]a #ahi #fdc ,lucy's ,w>bl] luci,a #bjf #fdd ,virg9ia's ,w>bl] virgini,a #aig #fde ,na%ville ,w>bl] rubricapilla rubricapilla #aie #fde;a ,calav]as ,w>bl] gutturalis #aie #fdf ,orange-cr[n$ ,w>bl] celata celata #bai #fdf;a ,lutesc5t ,w>bl] lutesc5s #baj #fdf;b ,dusky ,w>bl] sordida #bab #fdg ,t5nessee ,w>bl] p]egr9a #bab #fdh ,p>ula ,w>bl] ,compso?lypis am]icana am]icana #aie #fdh;a ,nor!rn ,p>ula ,w>bl] am]icana usne,a #aie #fdi ,s5nett's ,w>bl] pitiayumi nigrilora #aie #fea ,olive ,w>bl] ,peuc$ramus olivaceus #ahg #fej ,cape ,may ,w>bl] ,d5droica tigr9a #aif #feb ,yell[ ,w>bl] ,a/iva ,a/iva #aif #feb;a ,sonora ,yell[ ,w>bl] ,d5droica ,a/iva sonorana #aif #feb;b ,alaska ,yell[ ,w>bl] rubig9osa #aif #feb;c ,cali=nia ,yell[ ,w>bl] brew/]i #bii #fec ,mangrove ,w>bl] bryanti ca/aneiceps #aif #fed ,black-?roat$ ,blue ,w>bl] c,arulesc5s c,arulesc5s #ahj #fed;a ,cairns's ,w>bl] cairnsi #ahj #fee ,myrtle ,w>bl] coronata #aig #fef ,audubon's ,w>bl] auduboni auduboni #aij #fef;a ,black-front$ ,w>bl] nigrifrons #aij #feg ,magnolia ,w>bl] magnolia #aij #feh ,c]ulean ,w>bl] c]ulea #aha #fei ,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl] p5sylvania #aih #ffj ,bay-brea/$ ,w>bl] ca/anea #bjf #ffa ,black-poll ,w>bl] /riata #bdi #ffb ,blackburnian ,w>bl] fusca #ahg #ffc ,yell[-?roat$ ,w>bl] dom9ica dom9ica #aij #ffc;a ,sycamore ,w>bl] albilora #aij #ffd ,grace's ,w>bl] ,d5droica graci,a #aij #ffe ,black-?roat$ ,gray ,w>bl] nigresc5s #bdi #fff ,gold5-*eek$ ,w>bl] *rysop>ia #ahh #ffg ,black-?roat$ ,gre5 ,w>bl] vir5s #ahh #ffh ,t[ns5d's ,w>bl] t[ns5di #ahh #ffi ,h]mit ,w>bl] occid5talis #ahh #fgj ,kirtl&'s ,w>bl] kirtl&i #aia #fga ,p9e ,w>bl] vigorsi vigorsi #aia #fgb ,palm ,w>bl] palm>um palm>um #aif #fgb;a ,yell[ ,palm ,w>bl] hypo*rysea #aig #fgc ,prairie ,w>bl] discolor #aig #fgd ,ov5-bird ,seiurus aurocapillus #bcb #fge ,wat]-,?ru% noveborac5sis noveborac5sis #bcb #fge;a ,gr9nell's ,wat]-,?ru% noveborac5sis notabilis #bcb #fgf ,l\isiana ,wat]-,?ru% motacilla #bcb #fgg ,k5tucky ,w>bl] ,oporornis =mosus #aic #fgh ,connecticut ,w>bl] agilis #ahi #fgi ,m\rn+ ,w>bl] philadelphia #ahi #fhj ,macgillivray's ,w>bl] tolmiei #ahi #fha ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat ,geo?lypis tri*as tri*as #aic #fha;a ,we/]n ,yell[-?roat occid5talis #aic #fha;b ,florida ,yell[-?roat ignota #aid #fha;c ,pacific ,yell[-?roat arizela #aid #fha;e ,salt ,m>% ,yell[-?roat s9uosa #aid #fhb ,beld+'s ,yell[-?roat beld+i #aid #fhb4a ,rio ,gr&e ,yell[-?roat ,cham,a?lypis poliocephala #aid #fhc ,yell[-brea/$ ,*at ,ict]ia vir5s vir5s #aih #fhc;a ,long-tail$ ,*at longicauda #aih #fhd ,hood$ ,w>bl] ,wilsonia citr9a #ahh #fhe ,wilson's ,w>bl] pusilla pusilla #aic #fhe;a ,pileolat$ ,w>bl] pileolata #aic #fhe;b ,gold5 ,pileolat$ ,w>bl] *ryseola #aic #fhf ,canadian ,w>bl] canad5sis #aia #fhg ,am]ican ,r$/>t ,setophaga ruticilla #ahg #fhh ,pa9t$ ,r$/>t picta #agg #fij ,r$-fac$ ,w>bl] ,c>dell9a rubrifrons #agg ,family ,,motacillida4 ,wagtails & ,pipits4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #fid ,:ite ,wagtail ,motacilla alba ,a4,v4 #fie ,sw9hoe ,wagtail ocul>is ,a4,v4 #fif ,alaska ,yell[ ,wagtail ,budytes flavus alasc5sis #aib #fig ,pipit ,an?us rubesc5s #bcb #fih ,mead[ ,pipit prat5sis ,a4,v4 #fii ,r$-?roat$ ,pipit c]v9us ,a4,v4 #gjj ,sprague's ,pipit spraguei #bcb ,family ,,c9clida4 ,dipp]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gja ,dipp] ,c9clus mexicanus unicolor #bdg ,family ,,mimida4 ,?ra%]s1 ,mock+birds1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gjb ,sage ,?ra%] ,oreoscoptes montanus #bcc #gjc ,mock+bird ,mimus polyglottos polyglottos #bdh #gjc;a ,we/]n ,mock+bird leucopt]us #bdh #gjd ,catbird ,dumtella c>ol95sis #bdg #gje ,br[n ,?ra%] ,toxo/oma rufum #bcc #gjf ,s5nett's ,?ra%] longiro/re s5netti #bcc #gjg ,curve-bill$ ,?ra%] curviro/re curviro/re #baf #gjg;a ,palm]'s ,?ra%] palm]i #baf #gjh ,b5dire's ,?ra%] b5direi #baf #gji ,san ,lucas ,?ra%] c9]eum c9]eum #baf #gji;a ,me>ns's ,?ra%] me>nsi #baf #gaj ,cali=nia ,?ra%] r$ivivum r$ivivum #bag #gaa ,leconte's ,?ra%] lecontei lecontei #bag #gaa;a ,des]t ,?ra%] ar5icola #bag #gab ,crissal ,?ra%] crissale #bag ,family ,,troglodytida4 ,wr5s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gac ,cactus ,wr5 ,heleodytes brunneicapillus c\esi #bcc #gac;a ,bryant's ,cactus ,wr5 bryanti #bcc #gac;b ,san ,lucas ,cactus ,wr5 aff9is #bcc #gae ,rock ,wr5 ,salp9ctes obsoletus obsoletus #bcd #gae;a ,san ,nicolas ,rock ,wr5 pulv]ius #cja #gaf ,guadalupe ,rock ,wr5 guadel\p5sis #bcd #gag ,:ite-?roat$ ,wr5 ,ca!rpes mexicanus albifrons #bcd #gag;a ,ca,a-on ,wr5 consp]sus #bcd #gag;b ,dott$ ,ca,a-on ,wr5 punctulatus #bcd #gah ,c>ol9a ,wr5 ,?ryo?orus ludovicianus ludovicianus #bcd #gah;a ,florida ,wr5 miam5sis #bcd #gah;b ,lomita ,wr5 lomit5sis #bcd #gai ,bewick's ,wr5 ,?ryomanes bewicki bewicki #bce #gai;a ,vigor's ,wr5 spilurus #bce #gai;b ,baird's ,wr5 bairdi #bce #gai;c ,texas ,bewick's ,wr5 cryptus #bce #gai;d ,san ,diego ,bewick's ,wr5 *>i5turus #bce #gai;e ,seattle ,bewick's ,wr5 calophonus #bce #gai4a ,san ,clem5te ,wr5 leucophrys #bce #gbj ,guadalupe ,wr5 brevicauda #bce #gba ,h\se ,wr5 ,troglodytes a,adon a,adon #bcf #gba;a ,we/]n ,h\se ,wr5 p>kmani #bcf #gbb ,w9t] ,wr5 ,nannus hiemalis hiemalis #bcf #gbb;a ,we/]n ,w9t] ,wr5 pacificus #bcf #gbb;b ,kadiak ,w9t] ,wr5 hell]i #bcf #gbc ,alaska ,wr5 alasc5sis #bcf #gbc4a ,aleutian ,wr5 melig] #bcf #gbd ,%ort-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 ,ci/o?orus /ell>is #bcf #gbe ,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 ,telmatodytes palu/ris palu/ris #bcg #gbe ,tul,a7,c7 ,wr5 paludicola #bcg #gbe;b ,wor?+ton's ,m>% ,wr5 griseus #bcg #gbe;c ,we/]n ,tule ,wr5 plesius #bcg #gbe;d ,prairie ,m>% ,wr5 iliacus #cja #gbe;e ,m>ian's ,m>% ,wr5 mariann,a #bcg ,family ,,c]?iida4 ,creep]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gbf ,br[n ,creep] ,c]?ia famili>is am]icana #bcg #gbf;a ,mexican ,creep] albesc5s #bcg #gbf;b ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,creep] montana #bcg #gbf;c ,cali=nia ,creep] occid5talis #bcg #gbf;d ,si]ra ,creep] zelotes #bcg ,family ,,sittida4 ,nu?at*es4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gbg ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* ,sitta c>ol95sis c>ol95sis #bdf #gbg;a ,sl5d]-bill$ ,nu?at* aculeata #bdf #gbg;b ,florida ,:ite-brea/$ ,nu?at* atk9si #bdf #gbg;c ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,nu?at* nelsoni #bdf #gbg;d ,san ,lucas ,nu?at* lagun,a #bdf #gbh ,r$-brea/$ ,nu?at* ,sitta canad5sis #bdf #gbi ,br[n-head$ ,nu?at* pusilla #bdf #gcj ,pygmy ,nu?at* pygm,aa pygm,aa #bdf #gcj;a ,:ite-nap$ ,nu?at* leuconu*a #bdg ,family ,,p>ida4 ,titmice4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gca ,tuft$ ,titm\se ,,baolophus bicolor #bdc #gcb ,black-cre/$ ,titm\se atricri/atus atricri/atus #bdb #gcb;a ,s5nett's ,titm\se s5netti #cjc #gcc ,pla9 ,titm\se ,,baolophus inornatus inornatus #bdb #gcc;a ,gray ,titm\se griseus #bdb #gcc;b ,a%y ,titm\se c9]aceus #bdb #gcd ,bridl$ ,titm\se wollweb]i #bdd #gce ,*ickadee ,p5!/es atricapillus atricapillus #bde #gce;a ,long-tail$ ,*ickadee sept5trionalis #bde #gce;b ,oregon ,*ickadee occid5talis #bde #gce;c ,yukon ,*ickadee turn]i #cjc #gcf ,c>ol9a ,*ickadee c>ol95sis c>ol95sis #bde #gcf;a ,plumbe\s ,*ickadee agilis #bde #gcf;b ,florida ,*ickadee impig] #cjc #gcg ,mexican ,*ickadee sclat]i #bde #gch ,m\nta9 ,*ickadee gambeli gambeli #bdd #gch;a ,bailey's ,m\nta9 ,*ickadee bailey,a #cjc #gci ,alaska ,*ickadee c9ctus alasc5sis #bdd #gdj ,hudsonian ,*ickadee hudsonicus hudsonicus #bdd #gdj;a ,acadian ,*ickadee littoralis #bdd #gda ,*e/nut-back$ ,*ickadee rufesc5s rufesc5s #bdd #gda;a ,cali=nia ,*ickadee neglectus #bdd #gda;b ,b>l['s ,*ickadee b>l[i #bdd #gda;c ,valdez ,*e/nut-sid$ ,*ickadee vivax #cjc #gdc ,bu%-,tit ,psaltrip>us m9imus m9imus #bdb #gdc;a ,cali=nia ,bu%-,tit cali=nicus #bdb #gdc;b ,gr9da's ,bu%-,tit grind,a #bdb #gdd ,lead-color$ ,bu%-,tit plumbeus #bdb #gde ,lloyd's ,bu%-,tit melanotis lloydi #bdb #gdf ,v]d9 ,aurip>us flaviceps flaviceps #aie #gdf;a ,cape ,v]d9 lamprocephalus #aie ,family ,,*ama,,ida4 ,wr5-,tits4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gdb ,wr5-,tit ,cham,aa fasciata fasciata #bae #gdb;a ,pallid ,wr5-,tit h5%awi #bae #gdb;b ,coa/ ,wr5-,tit ph,aa #cjj #gdb;c ,ruddy ,wr5-,tit rufula #cjj ,family ,,sylviida4 ,w>bl]s1 ,k+lets1 ,gnatcat*]s4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #gdg ,k5nicott's ,will[ ,w>bl] ,acan?opneu/e borealis #bab #gdh ,gold5-cr[n$ ,k+let ,regulus satrapa satrapa #ahg #gdh;a ,we/]n ,gold5-cr[n$ ,k+let olivaceus #ahg #gdi ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let cal5dula cal5dula #agf #gdi;a ,sitkan ,k+let gr9nelli #agf #gej ,dusky ,k+let obscurus #agg #gea ,blue-gray ,gnatcat*] ,polioptila c,arulea c,arulea #bdc #gea;a ,we/]n ,gnatcat*] obscura #bdc #geb ,plumbe\s ,gnatcat*] plumbea #bdc #gec ,black-tail$ ,gnatcat*] cali=nica #bdc ,family ,,turdida4 ,?ru%es1 ,solitaires1 ,/one*ats1 ,bluebirds1 etc4 ,a4,o4,u4 ,no4 ,,common ,,"n ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,page #ged ,t[ns5d's ,solitaire ,myade/es t[ns5di #bdg #gee ,wood ,?ru% ,hyloci*la mu/el9a #bcc #gef ,ve]y fuscesc5s fuscesc5s #bch #gef;a ,will[ ,?ru% salicicola #bch #geg ,gray-*eek$ ,?ru% alici,a alici,a #bci #geg;a ,bicknell's ,?ru% bicknelli #bci #geh ,russet-back$ ,?ru% u/ulata u/ulata #bci #geh;a ,olive-back$ ,?ru% swa9soni #bci #gei ,alaska ,h]mit ,?ru% guttata guttata #bch #gei;a ,audubon's ,h]mit ,?ru% auduboni #bch #gei;b ,h]mit ,?ru% pallasi #bch #gei;c ,dw>f ,h]mit ,?ru% nana #bch #gei;d ,mont]ey ,h]mit ,?ru% slev9i #cjb #gei;e ,si]ra ,h]mit ,?ru% sequoi5sis #cjb #gfj ,r$-w+$ ,?ru% ,turdus musicus ,a4,v4 #gfa ,rob9 ,plane/icus migratorius migratorius #bjg #gfa;a ,we/]n ,rob9 prop9quus #bjg #gfa;b ,s\!rn ,rob9 a*ru/]us #bjg #gfb ,san ,lucas ,rob9 conf9is #bjg #gfc ,v>i$ ,?ru% ,ixoreus n,avius n,avius #bjg #gfc;a ,nor!rn ,v>i$ ,?ru% m]uloides #bjg #gfd ,sib]ian ,r$-spott$ ,blue?roat ,cyanosylvia suecica robu/a ,a4,v4 #gfd4a ,great] ,kam*atkan ,night+ale ,calliope calliope camts*atk5sis ,a4,v4 #gfe ,:eate> ,saxicola ,anan! ,anan! #bdh #gfe;a ,gre5l& ,:eate> leucorhoa #bdh #gff ,bluebird ,sialia sialis sialis #ahb #gff;a ,azure ,bluebird fulva #ahb #gfg ,we/]n ,bluebird mexicana occid5talis #ahb #gfg;a ,*e/nut-back$ ,bluebird bairdi #ahb #gfg;b ,san ,p$ro ,bluebird annabel,a #ahb #gfh ,m\nta9 ,bluebird currucoides #ahb ,,app5dix ,i ,,additions1 ,,subtractions1 ,,& ,,em5dations4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ',color ,key' 9 #aijc1 ! ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union has issu$ ! ,?ird ,edition 7#aiaj7 ( its ',*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4' ,?is includes all approv$ additions to & *anges 9 ! prec$+ edition made s9ce #aijc z well z rul+s on a numb] ( cases :i* 7 9 abeyance at ! "t ! fir/ edition ( ! ',color ,key' appe>$4 ,m]e *anges 9 nom5clature n affect+ ! /atus ( a species are giv5 )\t comm5t 9 ! prec$+ ,sy/ematic ,table1 :i* has be5 fully revis$ & br\ght up to date4 ,to asc]ta9 ! correct1 curr5t "n ( any species or subspecies ( ,nor? ,am]ican bird ! /ud5t1 aft] det]m9+ its id5tity 9 ! ',color ,key1' has only to ref] to its numb] 9 ! ,sy/ematic ,table to le>n :e!r any *ange has be5 made 9 nom5clature4 ,9 addition to actual *anges 9 nom5clature due to ! detection ( errors 9 e>li] names1 x %\ld be not$ t a ?ird "n or tr9omial is n[ employ$ = ea* race ( a species1 & also t an apo/rophe is us$ 9 connection ) ! names ( birds nam$ = individuals4 ,?r\gh\t ! ',color ,key1' !re=e1 alt]ations %\ld be made :5 requir$ by ^! two *anges 9 me?od4 ,all o!r *anges ?an ^! simple ones ( names are includ$1 ) explanations1 9 ?is app5dix1 & ! /ud5t is urg$ to make manuscript cross-ref]5ces on ! pages :]e su* *anges occur to avoid _! be+ ov]look$4 ,z f> z possible ! language ( ! orig9al describ] ( ! new subspecies ( birds is "h quot$1 :ile ! ,ranges are ma9ly f ! ,a4,o4,u4 ,*eck-,li/4 ,ref]5ces to orig9al s\rces ( publication are giv5 only ) cases includ$ 9 ! fir/ supplem5t to ! ,?ird ,edition 7#aiaj7 ( ! ,*eck ,li/4 ,9 all o!r in/ances ref]5ce to ! orig9al place ( description1 etc41 is conta9$ 9 ! ',*eck-,li/4' ,pages #bi1 #abg4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,kites1 ,hawks1 ,falcons1 ,eagles1 etc41 are n[ plac$ 9 ?ree families in/ead ( "o1 z foll[s3 ,,buteonida1 conta9+ ! ,kites1 ,hawks & ,eagles 7,nos4 #cbg-ceb;a72 ,,falconida conta9+ ! ,falcons & ,c>ac>as 7,nos4 #cec-cfc71 & ,,p&ionida1 conta9+ ! ,osprey 7,no4 #cfd74 ,pages #ci1 #afb1 #afh4 ,! subfamilies ,troglodytin,a & ,mimin,a are n[ elevat$ to full family rank4 ,! ,mock+birds & ,?ra%]s 7,nos4 #gjb-gab7 are !re=e ! ,nor? ,am]ican memb]s ( ! ,family ,,mimida2 & ! ,wr5s 7,nos4 #gac-gbe;e7 ! ,nor? ,am]ican memb]s ( ! ,family ,,troglodytida4 ,pages #ci1 #afb1 #afi4 ,! subfamilies ,sittin,a & ,parin,a are n[ elevat$ to full family rank4 ,! ,nu?at*es 7,nos4 #gbg to #gcj;a7 are !re=e ! ,nor? ,am]ican memb]s ( ! ,family ,,sittida2 & ! ,titmice 7,nos4 #gcb to #gdf;a1 except ,nos4 #gdb to #gdb;c n[ plac$ 9 ! ,family ,,*ama,,ida1 see beyond7 ! ,nor? ,am]ican memb]s ( ! ,family ,,p>ida4 ,page #fc4 ,cancel ,no4 #id1 ,puff9us fulig9osus1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #ie1 ,puff9us griseus4 ,! common "n1 h[ev]1 is reta9$ & ! species /&s #ie1 ,sooty ,%e>wat] 7,puff9us griseus74 ,*>act]s z giv54 ,range--,oceans ( ,s\!rn ,hemisph]e2 occurs 9 summ] on ! ,pacific coa/ f s\!rn ,alaska to ,l[] ,cali=nia1 & on ! ,atlantic coa/ f ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,page #gg4 ,b "o =m ( ! ,black ,duck is recogniz$ by ! ,a4,o4,u4 ,x /&s z ,no4 #acc4 ,black ,duck 7,anas rubripes71 :i* "n1 !re=e1 includes bo? ,nos4 #acc & #acc;a4 ,page #ib4 ,aft] ,no4 #aig add3 #aig;a4 ,brew/]'s ,egret 7,egretta c&idissima brew/]i74 ,simil> to ,no4 #aig b l>g]1 bill long]1 t>sus long]1 & :ole leg v mu* heavi] or ?ick]4 ,male4 ,t>4 #d4cf2 ,b4 #c4fj4 ,female4 ,t>4 #d4jj2 ,b4 #c4db4 7,?ay] & ,bangs74 ,range--,s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #ig4 ,aft] ,no4 #baj add3 #baj4a4 ,light-foot$ rail4 7,rallus levipes7 ,mu* small] ?an ei!r ,r4 obsoletus or ,r4 beld+i1 bill mu* m sl5d]1 t>sus & foot small] ?an 9 ei!r2 sup]cili>y :ite in/ead ( ru/y4444 ,w4 #e4gj2 ,t4 #b4bd2 ,t>4 #a4ha2 ,b4 #b4bd4 7,bangs74 ,range--,m>%es ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 f ,santa ,b>b>a s\? to ,san ,qu9t9 ,bay1 ,l[] ,cali=nia2 accid5tal 9 ,arizona4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,page #ih4 ,aft] ,no4 #baf add3 #baf4a4 ,f>allon ,rail 7,creciscus coturniculus74 ,small] ?an ,no4 #baf ) mu* sl5d]] bill2 ! plumbe\s ( ! "u p>ts deep]1 ! *e/nut-br[n ( ! upp] p>ts bright] & m ext5d$1 =m+ a broad] pat* on ! nape & t++ m or less /rongly & g5]ally mu* ( ! top ( ! head :]e !re is (t5 no pure unmix$ plumbe\s or slaty save on ! =ehead4 7,brew/]74 ,range--,pacific coa/ ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bre$s 9 coa/ m>%es ( ,cali=nia2 casual 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 7,a4,o4,u47 ,page #ajc4 ,aft] #bff add3 #bfh4 ,bri/le-?igh$ ,curlew 7,num5ius tahiti5sis74 ,some:at l ,n4 hudsonicus1 b ?ighs ) long bri/le-l fea!rs2 tail pale ru/y1 b>r$ ) black2 m>k+s ( back & w+s pale ru/y4 ,range--,alaska & ,pacific ,isl&s4 ,bre$+ range unkn[n2 has be5 tak5 9 summ] 9 we/]n ,alaska f ,k[ak ,riv] to ,k5ai ,p59sula2 also on ,laysan & ,pho5ix ,isl&s2 w9t]s 9 isl&s ( ! ,s\? ,pacific f ,hawaii to ,new ,cal$onia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,class$ ) ,accid5tal ,visitants 9 fir/ edition ( ',color ,key4' ,page #aab4 ,cancel ,no4 #bgg;a1 ,belt$ ,pip+ ,plov]1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #bgg1 ,pip+ ,plov]4 ,page #aag4 ,aft] ,no4 #big;b add3 #big;c4 ,si]ra ,gr\se 7,d4 o4 sierr,a74 ,male resembles male ( ,no4 #big1 b back less black & m heavily v]miculat$ ) br[n & gray2 t]m9al tail-b& n>r[] & m speckl$ ) blacki%2 m$ium tail-fea!rs m heavily m>k$ ) gray or br[ni%2 :ite neck-tufts practically abs5t2 fea!rs ( sides1 flanks & "u tail-cov]ts ) less :ite4 ,mu* pal] & m heavily v]miculat$ above ?an ,no4 #big;b4 ,range--,ft4 ,klama?1 ,oregon s\? ?r\gh ! ,si]ras to ,m\nt ,p9os 9 ,s\? ,cali=nia4 ,page #aag4 ,! ranges ( ! races ( ?is bird 7n[ kn[n z ,spruce ,p>tridge1 r ?an ,spruce ,gr\se7 are giv5 9 ! ,a4,o4,u4 ',*eck-,li/' z foll[s3 #bih4 ,hudsonian ,spruce ,p>tridge 7,cana*ites canad5sis canad5sis74 ,range--,boreal =e/ region f ! ea/]n base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s we/ ( ,edmonton1 ,alb]ta1 ea/ to ,labrador ,p59sula2 also a disconnect$ area 9 ,alaska f ,bri/ol ,bay to ,cook ,inlet & ,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd4 #bih;b4 ,alaska ,spruce ,p>tridge 7,c4 c4 osgoodi74 ,range--,mt4 ,mc,kinley & ! ,yukon region ea/ to ,great ,slave & ,a?abasca lakes4 #bih;c4 ,canada ,spruce ,p>tridge 7,c4 c4 canace74 ,range--,manitoba1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 & ,new ,brunswick s\? to nor!rn p>ts ( ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,york1 & ,new ,engl&4 ,page #aai4 ,aft] ,no4 #cja;a add3 #cja;b4 ,alex&]'s ,pt>migan 7,l4 l4 alexandr,a74 ,simil> to ,l4 l4 lagopus 9 correspond+ plumage1 b coloration d>k] ?r\gh\t1 especially dorsally2 bill small] & relatively mu* n>r[]4 7,gr9nell74 ,range--,b>an( & adjac5t isl&s we/ to ,%umag9 ,isl&s 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #aai4 ,aft] ,no4 #cja;b4 add2 #cja;c4 ,ungava ,pt>migan 7,l4 l4 ungavus74 ,l ,no4 #cja b ) a heavi] bill4 ,culm51 4#hb2 dep? ( bill at base1 4#eg 7,riley1 ,proc4 ,biol4 ,soc4 ,wa%41 ,,xxiv1 #aiaa1 p4 #bcc74 ,range--,ungava & probably ! ea/]n %ore ( ,hudson ,bay4 ,page #abj4 ,remove ! int]rogation po9ts f be=e ,nos4 #cjd & #cjd;a1 ! di/9ctions betwe5 :i* !re pres5t$ hav+ be5 accept$ by ! ,a4,o4,u41 & am5d ,range ( ,no4 #cjd;a4 to read3 ,alp9e summits f c5tral ,alaska1 nor!rn ,yukon1 & nor?we/]n ,mack5zie s\? to ,cook ,inlet region1 ,k5ai ,p59sula & s\!rn ,yukon4 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #abj4 ,aft] ,no4 #cjb;e4 add3 #cjb;f4 ,dixon's ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 dixoni74 ,resembl+ ,l4 r4 nelsoni 9 correspond+ plumage1 b mu* d>k]2 9 extreme blackness ( coloration ne>ly l ,lagopus ev]manni1 b fea!rs ( *e/ & back m or less f9ely v]miculat$ ) hazel4 7,gr9nell74 ,range--,isl&s ne> ,sitka4 ,page #abj4 ,aft] ,no4 #cjb;d4 add3 #cjb;e4 ,adak ,pt>migan 7,l4 r4 *amb]la9i74 ,ne>e/ ,l4 r4 t[s5di b ) f9] v]miculations above1 & ) black b>s on neck & upp] back r$uc$ to v n>r[ b>s or v]miculations4 ,graye/ ( ! ,aleutian ,pt>migan4 7,cl>k74 ,range--,isl& ( ,adak1 ,aleutian ,*a94 ,page #abb4 ,a *ange "h 9 enum]ation makes ,m]riam's ,turkey ,no4 #caj1 :ile ! ,wild ,turkey 7,m4 g4 silve/ris7 becomes #caj;a4 ,page #abe4 ,aft] ,no4 #caf add3 #caf;a4 ,we/]n ,m\rn+ ,dove 7,z4 m4 m>g9ella74 ,simil> to ,z4 m4 c>ol95sis b pal]4 7,me>ns1 ,auk1 #aiaa1 p4 #dij74 ,range--,pacific ,coa/ & ,san ,clem5te ,isl& ea/ to ,mississippi ,valley 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! range ( ,no4 #caf %\ld be correspond+ly re/rict$4 ,page #abf4 ,aft] ,no4 #cai add3 #cai;a4 ,:ite-w+$ ,dove 7,m4 a4 trudeaui74 ,simil> to ,m4 a4 asiatica b slightly l>g]1 ) a mu* long] bill & mu* pal] coloration 7,me>ns1 ,auk4 #aiaa1 p4 #dhi74 ,range--,l[] ,cali=nia1 s\!rn ,arizona1 s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico & s\!rn ,texas1 s\? to ,co/a ,rica4 ,casual 9 s\!a/]n ,cali=nia & ,colorado2 accid5tal 9 ,wa%+ton 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #abf4 ,no4 #cai becomes ,we/ ,indian ,:ite-w+$ ,dove 7,melopelia asiatica asiatica74 ,its ,range includes ,cuba & ,jamaica1 & x is ( casual occurr5ce 9 ! ,bahamas & ,florida4 ,page #acb4 ,aft] ,no4 #ccg;d4 add #ccg;e4 ,alaska ,r$-tail 7,b4 b4 alasc5sis74 ,resembl+ ,b4 b4 calurus b small] ?r\gh\t1 &1 keep+ 9 consid]ation ! /age ( plumage1 d>k areas black] & m ext5d$4 ,male ,w4 #ac4e2 ,t4 #g4fg2 ,female ,w4 #ad4dd2 ,t4 #h4fi 7,gr9nell74 ,range--,s\!a/]n ,alaska f ,yakutat ,bay to ,admiralty ,isl& & ! ,sitka ,isl&s 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #ach4 ,aft] ,no4 #cfj;b4 add3 #cfj;c4 ,little ,sp>r[ ,hawk 7,f4 ,s4 paulus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cfj b small]4 ,male ,w4 #f4hj2 ,t4 #d4ab ,female ,w4 #f4if2 ,t4 #d4jj 7,h[e74 ,range--,s\!rn half ( ,florida4 ,page #adj4 ,no4 #cgi proves to be sep>able into s\!rn & nor!rn races4 ,! =m] reta9s ! "n ,glaucidium gnoma gnoma1 :ile ! race ( nor!rn ,mexico & ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 h]et(ore kn[n by t "n1 becomes ,g4 g4 p9icola1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,pygmy ,owl4 7,nelson1 ,proc4 ,biol4 ,soc4 ,wa%41 ,,xxiii1 #aiaj1 p4 #ajc74 ,page #adb4 ,aft] ,no4 #cgc;h4 add3 #cgc;i4 ,sahauro ,scree* ,owl 7,o4 a4 gilmani74 ,ne>e/ ,no4 #cgc;f b small] & pal] & ) black m>k+s m re/rict$ 7,sw>?1 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,pub4 ,zool41 ,,vii1 #aiaj1 p4 #a74 ,range--,l[] ,sonoran ,life zone ( s\!a/]n ,cali=nia1 ,arizona1 & probably ,new ,mexico2 & nor?we/]n ,mexico 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #adc4 ,aft] ,no4 #cge;f4 add3 #cge;g4 ,sa9t ,mi*ael ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 algi/us74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cge;d4 b l>g]2 face less o*race\s1 upp] surface pal] o*race\s4 ,w4 #ad4fj 7,ob]hols]74 ,range--,coa/ ,region ( nor!rn ,alaska f ,bri/ol ,bay & ! ,yukon nor?w>d 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #adc4 ,aft] ,no4 #bge;e4 add3 #cge;f4 ,labrador ,horn$ ,owl 7,b4 v4 het]ocnemis74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cge;c4 b bill l>g]2 po/]ior l[] p>ts pal]2 feet light] color$ & less heavily spott$2 upp] p>ts ) usually less o*race\s4 7,ob]hols]74 ,range--,nor!rn ,ungava & ,labrador 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #adg4 ,aft] ,no4 #cij add3 #cij;a4 ,nor?we/]n ,belt$ ,k+fi%] 7,c4 a4 caur9a74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cgj b size great]1 especially measurem5ts ( flight-fea!rs4 ,w4 #f4ed 7,gr9nell1 ,univ4 ,calif4 ,pub4 ,zool41 ,v4 #aiaj1 p4 #chh74 ,range--,nor?we/]n ,am]ica1 s\? along ! ,pacific coa/ 9 w9t]4 ,/atus ( ,cali=nia bre$+ birds /ill undet]m9$4 7,gr9nell1 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,pub4 ,zool41 ,v1 #aiaj1 p4 #bhi74 ,page #aej4 ,aft] ,no4 #cic;f4 add3 #cic;g4 ,newf\ndl& ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 terr,anor,a74 ,simil> to ,d4 ,v4 villosus1 b slightly l>g]1 ! black areas ( ! upp]p>ts increas$1 ! :ite areas r$uc$ bo? 9 numb] & 9 size1 especially 9 ! remiges & w+-cov]ts1 7,bat*eld]74 ,range--,newf\ndl&4 ,page #aej4 ,aft] ,no4 #cic;e4 add3 #cic;h4 ,:ite-brea/$ ,woodpeck] 7,d4 v4 leuco?orectis74 ,mu* l ,no4 #cic;e4 b decid$ly small]2 w+-cov]ts practically always )\t :ite spots4 ,w4 #d4hc2 ,t4 #c4jg2 ,b4 #a4aj 7,ob]hols]1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,m4 #dj1 #aijh1 p4 #fjh74 ,range--,canadian & ,transition ,zones1 f s\!rn ,utah1 nor?we/]n & c5tral ,new ,mexico & extreme s\?we/]n ,texas1 s\? to ! m\nta9s ( we/]n ,zacatecas1 ,mexico4 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #aea4 ,aft] ,no4 #cif;a4 add3 #cif;b4 ,san ,f]n&o ,woodpeck] 7,d4 s4 eremicus74 ,simil> to ,no4 #cif;a1 b l>g]2 l[] surface d>k]2 upp]p>ts d>k]1 ! :ite b>s on back av]ag+ n>r[] & less regul>1 ! neck b>s wid]2 black b>s on po/]ior l[] p>ts av]ag+ some:at wid]4 ,male ,w4 #d4af2 ,t4 #b4fg2 ,b4 #a4jb4 7,ob]hols]1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,m4 #da1 #aiaa1 ,p4 #aea74 ,range--,l[] ,cali=nia1 nor? ( ,ukai & ,plaia ,m>ia ,bay1 except extreme nor!a/]n portion 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! ,range ( ,no4 #cif;a is ?us re/rict$ to ! s\!rn half ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,page #cea4 ,dryobates scal>is bairdi proves to be re/rict$ to ,mexico2 ,no4 #cif1 its repres5tative 9 ! s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 has be5 nam$ ,cactus ,woodpeck] 7,d4 s4 cactophilus74 7,ob]hols]1 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,m41 #da1 #aiaa1 p4 #aeb74 ,page #aed4 ,aft] ,no4 #dad;a4 add3 #dad;b4 ,me>ns's ,gild$ ,flick] 7,c4 c4 me>nsi74 ,simil> to ,c4 c4 *rysoides b decid$ly l>g] & pal]1 ) pileum m /rongly c9namomeus1 black b>s on back1 etc41 n>r[]1 spots on out] web ( prim>ies m conspicu\s prim>y cov]ts also sometimes spott$1 gray ( ?roat1 etc4 light]1 & spots on und]p>ts usually small]4 ,w4 #e4gd2 ,t4 #c4gg2 ,b4 #a4ci 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,extreme s\?we/]n ,cali=nia1 nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 & s\!rn ,arizona s\? to s\!rn ,sonora 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! ,range ( ,no4 #dad is n[ re/rict$ to s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 t ( ,no4 #dad to middle ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,page #afj4 ,aft] ,no4 #dci add3 #cia4a ,salv9's ,humm+bird 7,uranomitra salv9i74 ,ad4 ,male4 ,head glitt]+ blue2 back d>k %9+ gre52 tail d>k glossy gre51 out] pair ( fea!rs broadly tipp$ ) drab2 bel[ soil$ :ite2 ?roat t+$ ) clayey :ite1 sides ( ?roat spott$ ) blue2 sides ( brea/ gre5i% blue2 sides ( body brilliant gre54 ,w4 #b4jg2 ,t4 #a4bg2 ,b4 #a4jb 7,brew/]74 ,yng ,female4 ,simil> b dull]1 rump edg$ ) ru/y2 sides ( body br[ni% gray 7,bi%op74 ,range4--,hua*uca ,m\nta9s1 s\!rn ,arizona1 & ea/]n ,sonora 7only two specim5s kn[n7 7,a4,o4,u474 ,pages #afb & #aff4 ,! ,waxw+s alone n[ compose ! ,family ,,bombycillida 7=m]ly ,,ampelida7 :ile ! ,pha9opepla is plac$ 9 ! ,family ,,ptilogonatida4 ,pages #afb & #afi4 ,! subfamily ,cham,ain,a is n[ elevat$ to full family rank & /&s z ,family ,,*ama,,ida1 ,wr5-,tits4 ,x conta9s solely ! ,wr5-,tits1 7,nos4 #gdb to #gdb;c7 ! only family ( birds re/rict$ to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,page #agh4 ,aft] ,no4 #dih;f4 add3 #dih;g4 ,v]a ,cruz ,r$-w+ 7,a4 p4 ri*mondi74 ,simil> to ,a4 p4 floridanus b slightly small]2 adult female mu* light] color$ 7resembl+ female ( ,a4 p4 sonori5sis71 ab\t int]m$iate 9 color betwe5 females ( ,a4 p4 floridanus & ,a4 p4 bryanti4 ,male ,w4 #d4dj2 ,t4 #c4bb2 ,b4 #ij2 dep? ( ,b4 at base1 4#dd4 ,female4 ,w4 #c4fa2 ,t4 #b4fg2 ,b4 4#gg2 dep? ( ,b4 at base1 #ci4 ,range4--,s\!rn coa/ & ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ,valley ( ,texas s\? ?r\gh ea/]n ,mexico to ,yucatan & ea/]n ,guatemala2 w9t]s s\? to ea/]n ,nic>agua & ,co/a ,rica4 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #ahe4 ,aft] ,no4 #dgh;d4 add3 #dgh;e4 ,coa/ ,jay 7,c4 s4 c>bonacea74 ,int]m$iate 9 size & coloration betwe5 ,c4 s4 /ell]i & ,c4 /ell]i frontalis4 ,dorsal surface sooty black z 9 /ell]i1 b ) blue on =ehead ne>ly z ext5d$ z 9 frontalis4 ,t9t ( blue ( po/]ior l[] p>ts pal] ?an 9 /ell]i1 & ext5d+ fur!r =w>d into pectoral region z 9 frontalis 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ! humid ,pacific coa/ /rip f s\!rn ,oregon to ! ,santa ,lucia m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia & ea/ to ! m\nta9s on ! we/ side ( ,napa ,valley2 9 w9t] ea/ to ! ,gabilan & ,mt4 ,diablo ranges 7,a4 ,o4 ,u74 ,page #aib4 ,cancel ,no4 #ecj;b1 ,unit$ ,/ates specim5s ( :i* prove to be m]ely adults ( ,no4 #ecj4 ,fur!r we/1 h[ev]1 black-back$ birds are n f\nd1 & ?is we/]n bird has be5 describ$ z new4 7,consequ5tly aft] ,no4 #ecj1 add3 #ecj;a74 ,gre5-back$ ,goldf9* 7,a4 p4 hesp]ophilus74 ,simil> to ,a4 p4 psaltria b e>-cov]ts1 sides ( neck ) back1 nape1 & rump1 9 fully adult plumage1 olive-gre5 in/ead ( black 7,ob]hols]74 ,fig4 #ecj repres5ts ?is area4 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bre$s f s\!rn ,oregon & ,utah to s\!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ,sonora & extreme s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico2 w9t]s f c5tral ,cali=nia to ,cape ,san ,lucas 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! ,range ( ,a4 g4 psaltria is !re=e re/rict$ to nor!rn ,colorado to c5tral nor!rn ,texas & s\? ?r\gh\t ,mexico1 except 9 nor?we/]n & extreme s\!rn portions2 casual 9 ,wyom+4 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #aid4 ,cancel ,no4 #fah;d1 ,nor!rn ,yell[-?roat1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #fha1 ,m>yl& ,yell[-?roat4 ,page #aif4 ,aft] ,no4 #feb;b4 add3 #feb;c4 ,cali=nia ,yell[ ,w>bl] 7,d4 ,a4 brew/]i74 ,diff]s f ,d4 ,a4 ,a/iva 9 small] size1 pal] 7or less brightly yell[7 coloration &1 9 ! male1 n>r[] /reak+ on "u surface4 ,diff]s f ,d4 ,a4 rubig9osa 9 mu* small] size & yell[] coloration1 & f ,d4 ,a4 sonorana 9 small] size & d>k] coloration4 ,male ,w4 #b4de2 ,t4 #a4if4 ,female4 ,w4 #b4cc2 ,t4 #a4ic 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,pacific ,coa/1 we/ ( ! ,cascades1 & ! ,si]ra ,nevada f ,wa%+ton to s\!rn ,cali=nia4 7,! range ( ,d4 ,a4 ,a/iva is correspond+ly re/rict$74 ,page #baj4 ,cancel ,no4 #dfd4b1 ,santa ,b>b>a ,flycat*]1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #dfd1 ,we/]n ,flycat*]4 ,page #baa4 ,cancel ,no4 #dgb;a1 ,ridgway's ,flycat*]1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #dgb1 ,be>dless ,flycat*]4 ,page #bab4 ,aft] ,no4 #fcb;c4 add3 #fcb;a4 ,fras]'s ,vireo 7,v4 h4 cognatus74 ,simil> to ,v4 h4 /eph5si1 b w+ av]ag+ decid$ly %ort]1 t>sus long]1 & coloration pal]4 ,w+1 #b4dh2 ,t>4 4#gd 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,cape ,san ,lucas di/rict ( ,l[] ,cali=nia 7,si]ra de la ,laguna2 ,victoria ,m\nta9s72 resid5t 7,ridgway74 ,page #bad4 ,aft] ,no4 #fcc;a4 add3 #fcc;b4 ,texas ,vireo 7,v4 b4 m$ius74 ,simil> to ,v4 b4 belli1 b coloration pal] & tail av]ag+ long]2 pileum & h9dneck br[ni% gray in/ead ( grayi% br[n2 olive ( back1 etc4 gray]2 und]p>ts :it] ) olive-yell[ ( sides & flanks mu* pal]2 "u tail-cov]ts & axill>s :ite1 yell[i% :ite1 or v pale sulphur yell[ 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,s\?we/]n ,texas 7,presidio1 ,brew/] & ,k9ney ,c\nties7 s\? to ,coahuila & ,guanajuato1 c5tral ,mexico 7,a4,o4,u474 ,pages #bae1 #baf4 ,! ,wr5-,tits h be5 revis$ & _! ranges m correctly def9$1 & to ! two =ms giv5 two m h be5 add$4 ,! f\r races n[ recogniz$ /& z foll[s3 #gdb4 ,wr5-,tit 7,cham,aa fasciata fasciata74 ,*>act]s z describ$ & figur$4 ,range4--,upp] ,sonoran zone on ! ea/]n & s\!rn %ores ( ,san ,francisco ,bay & adjac5t ,santa ,cl>a ,valley 7,a4,o4,u474 #gdb;a4 ,pallid ,wr5-,tit 7,c4 f4 h5%awi74 ,simil> to ,c4 f4 fasciata1 b decid$ly pal]1 ! back1 scapul>s1 rump1 etc4 grayi% br[n 7deep hair-br[n71 ! pileum & h9dneck br[ni% gray 7ne>ly m\se-gray or deep smoke-gray71 & g5]al color ( und]p>ts v>y+ f v pale grayi% buff to buffy ecru-drab1 or pale1 v9ace\s-buff1 fad+ to ne>ly :ite on l[] abdom5 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,upp] ,sonoran ,zone ( foo?ills & valleys ( int]ior & s\!rn ,cali=nia f ,%a/a ,c\nty s\? to nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia1 & along ! coa/ f ,mont]ey ,bay s\?w>d 7,a4,o4,u474 #gdb;b4 ,coa/ ,wr5-,tit 7,c4 f4 ph,aa74 ,*>act]s z /at$ on page #baf4 ,range4--,humid ,transition ,zone ( ,pacific ,coa/ ( ,oregon & nor!rn ,cali=nia 7f ,columbia ,riv] to ,humboldt ,bay7 7,a4,o4,u474 #gdb;c4 ,ruddy ,wr5-,tit 7,c4 f4 rufula74 ,int]m$iate 9 color betwe5 ,no4 #gdb & ,no4 #gdb;b4 ,m ri*ly color$ ?an ! =m]1 b n s d>k z ! latt]4 ,range4--,humid ,transition coa/ /rip ( ,cali=nia f s\!rn ,humboldt ,c\nty to ,santa ,cruz 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bag4 ,cancel ,no4 #gaj;a4 ,pasad5a ,?ra%]1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #gaj ,cali=nia ,?ra%]4 ,page #bbc4 ,aft] ,no4 #edb;b1 add3 #edb;d4 ,nevada ,savannah ,sp>r[ 7,p4 s4 nevad5sis74 ,resembles ,p4 s4 alaud9us b mu* pal] ?r\gh\t 9 all plumages2 :ite replac+ buff1 black /reaks ?us m conspicu\sly contra/$1 !re be+ a m9imum am\nt ( hazel m>g9+s2 size slightly less4 ,diff]s f ,p4 s4 savanna z above1 b 9 great] degree 7,gr9nell1 ,univ4 ,calif4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,v1 #aiaj1 p4 #cab74 ,range4--,humboldt & ,wa%oe ,c\nties1 ,nevada1 & probably ?r\gh\t ,great ,bas91 s\? 9 w9t] to ! ,colorado ,des]t & ,los ,angeles ,co41 ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bbh1 aft] ,no4 #egd;b 7:i*1 z %[n 9 ! ,sy/ematic ,table1 n[ becomes #egd4a;a7 add3 #egd4a;b4 ,cali=nia ,sage ,sp>r[ 7,amphispiza nevad5sis canesc5s74 ,simil> to ,amphispiza belli b size some:at great]1 & coloration ?r\gh\t v mu* pal]2 resembles ,amphispiza nevad5sis nevad5sis1 b size v mu* less1 & coloration slightly d>k]4 ,male ,w4 #b4gi2 ,t4 #c4jc4 ,female ,w4 #b4fc2 ,t4 #b4hg 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,upp] ,sonoran ,zone 9 ,ow5s ,valley & adjac5t areas 9 ea/]n ,cali=nia & extreme we/]n ,nevada 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bbi4 ,aft] ,no4 #eha;c4 add #ehas4 ,suisun ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 m4 maxill>is74 ,size ( ,m4 m4 he]manni2 b black /reak+s ev]y:]e broad]1 & ! g5]al tone ( coloration d>k]2 l>g] ?an ,m4 m4 samuelis & ) br[n m ext5d$ & deep] 9 tone 7bay r ?an hazel72 unique 9 hav+ ! base ( ! maxilla inflat$ or swoll5 ) lat]al bulbosities 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,m>%es bord]+ ,suisun ,bay1 ,solano ,co41 ,cali=nia4 ,page #bcj4 ,aft] ,no4 #eha;d4 add3 #ehap4 ,m5doc9o ,song ,sp>r[ 7,m4 m4 cleonsis74 ,size ( ,m4 m4 samuelis b light] & m ru/y2 black m>k+s ( back m re/rict$2 spots ( brea/ broadly edg$ ) ru/y2 black on side ( head & neck almo/ entirely replac$ by ru/y or r$di% br[n 7,mc,gregor74 ,range4--,coa/ /rip ( s\!rn ,oregon & nor!rn ,cali=nia f ,yaqu9a ,bay1 ,oregon1 to ,tomales ,bay1 ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bca4 ,aft] ,no4 #ehe;d4 add3 #ehe;e4 ,sooty ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 fulig9osa74 ,simil> to ,p4 i4 t[ns5di b d>k] & less rufesc5t1 ! upp]p>ts1 sides ( head & neck & lat]al und]p>ts sepia or sooty br[n1 ! upp] tail-cov]ts & tail slightly m ca/ane\s2 spots on und]p>ts d>k sooty br[n1 l>g] & m conflu5t ?an 9 o!r =ms 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,nor?we/ coa/ /rip4 ,bre$s on ! coa/ ( ,briti% ,columbia1 ,vanc\v] ,isl& & nor?we/]n ,wa%+ton2 w9t]s s\? along ! coa/ to ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,no4 #ehe;f4 ,kadiak ,fox ,sp>r[ 7,p4 i4 insul>is74 ,simil> to ,p4 i4 unalas*5sis b mu* br[n] & m uni=m above 7back w>m sepia71 spots on *e/1 etc41 l>g] & mu* deep] br[n & "u tail-cov]ts m /rongly t+$ ) buff 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,alaska coa/ /rip4 ,bre$s on ,kadiak ,isl& & on ! coa/ f ,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd s\? to ,cross ,s\nd2 w9t]s along ! coa/ to s\!rn ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bcd4 ,aft] ,no4 #gae add3 #gae;a4 ,san ,nicolas ,rock ,wr5 7,s4 o4 pulv]ius74 ,simil> to ,s4 o4 obsoletus b entire plumage1 especially ! upp]p>ts1 suffus$ ) o*race\s or du/ color1 almo/ id5tical ) ! t9t ( ! soil on ,san ,ni*olas ,isl& 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,san ,ni*olas ,isl&1 ,cali=nia4 ,page #bcf4 ,cancel ,no4 #hba;b1 ,troglodytes a,adon aztecus1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #gba;a1 ,t4 a4 p>kmani4 ,! common "n1 ,we/]n ,h\se ,wr51 h[ev]1 is reta9$ 9 place ( ! common "n ,p>kman's ,wr54 ,page #bcg4 ,aft] ,no4 #gbe;c add3 #gbe;d4 ,prairie ,m>% ,wr5 7,t4 p4 iliacus74 ,simil> to ,t4 p4 palu/ris1 b slightly l>g] & ) ! coloration m rufesc5t1 ! br[n ( ! upp]p>ts russet-br[n to c9namon-br[n or russet1 ! flanks conspicu\sly deep c9namon-buff or c9namon 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,pla9s & prairies ( c5tral ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bre$s f c5tral ,alb]ta & s\?we/]n ,keewat9 s\? to c5tral ,mississippi ,valley & ea/ to ,indiana2 w9t]s s\?w>d into ,mexico & along ! ,gulf coa/ to we/]n ,florida 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bch4 ,aft] ,no4 #gei;c add3 #gei;d4 ,mont]ey ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,h4 g4 slev9i74 ,g5]al color extremely pale & a%y1 ne>ly z mu* s z 9 ,h4 g4 sequoi5sis2 above hair-br[n1 slightly br[n] on top ( head2 upp] tail-cov]ts & tail isabella color2 spots on brea/ sepia1 small 9 size & few 9 numb]s4 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,transition ,zone ( ! coa/ belt 9 ,cali=nia f nor!rn ,tr9ity ,c\nty to s\!rn ,mont]ey ,c\nty2 s\? 9 migration to ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,sonora 7,a4,o4,u474 #gei;e4 ,si]ra ,h]mit ,?ru% 7,h4 g4 sequoi5sis74 ,simil> 9 coloration to ,h4 g4 slev9i1 b decid$ly l>g] & slightly d>k] or br[n]2 simil> to ,h4 g4 guttata1 b l>g]1 pal]1 & gray]2 decid$ly small]4 ,w4 #c4fe2 ,t4 #b4hb4 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,bre$s 9 ,boreal ,zones f s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia to high m\nta9s 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia2 s\? 9 migration & 9 w9t] to ,l[] ,cali=nia1 we/]n ,texas1 & nor!rn ,mexico 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bci4 ,cancel #geh;b1 ,mont]ey ,?ru%1 & ,no4 #geh;c1 ,alma ,?ru%1 :i* are n[ consid]$ to be ! same z ,no4 #geh1 ,russet-back$ ,?ru%4 ,pages #bdj & #bda4 ,! decisions ( ! ,a4,o4,u4 ,committee on num]\s propos$ *anges 9 ! /&+ ( our ,juncos 7 n publi%$ until aft] ! fir/ edition ( ! ,color ,key appe>$4 ,"o new =m 7,no4 #efg;h7 has be5 add$ to ^? !re9 giv5 "o 7,j4 o4 %ufeldti7 has be5 omitt$ & ! foll[+ *anges h be5 made 9 nom5clature3 ,no4 #efh4 ,junco me>nsi1 becomes ,no4 #efg;g1 ,junco hyemalis me>nsi1 & ! ,range ( ?is =m is n[ giv5 z ,rocky ,m\nta9 region4 ,bre$s f s\?we/]n ,saskat*ewan to s\!rn ,idaho & nor!rn ,wyom+ & ,colorado to s\!rn ,arizona1 s\!rn ,new ,mexico1 & nor!a/]n ,sonora 7,a4,o4,u474 ,no4 #efg4a ,junco montanus1 becomes ,no4 #efg;f4 ,junco hyemalis montanus4 ,no4 #ega4a ,junco t[ns5di1 becomes ,no4 #efg;i1 ,junco hyemalis t[ns5di4 ,no4 #efi ,junco caniceps1 becomes ,no4 #egj;b4 ,junco ph,aonotus caniceps4 ,no4 #egj;a4 ,junco dorsalis1 becomes ,junco ph,aonotus dorsalis4 ,no4 #efg;a4 ,junco oreganus1 becomes ,junco hyemalis oreganus4 ,no4 #efg;c4 ,junco oreganus ?urb]i1 becomes ,junco hyemalis ?urb]i4 ,no4 #efg;d4 ,junco oreganus p9osus1 becomes ,junco hyemalis p9osus4 ,! common names ( all ! prec$+ species rema9 un*ang$4 ,no4 #efg;b4 ,c\es' ,junco 7,junco oreganus connect5s7 becomes ,%ufeldt's ,junco 7,junco hyemalis connect5s71 & ?is =m also includes ,j4 o4 %ufeldti ( ! ',color ,key1' :i* is !re=e cancell$4 ,! ,range ( #efg;b1 ?us /&s z foll[s3 ,rocky ,m\nta9 region4 ,bre$s f ! coa/ ( s\!rn ,briti% ,columbia ea/ to we/1 c5tral ,alb]ta & s\? to nor!rn ,oregon2 w9t]s ov] entire ,rocky ,m\nta9 tablel& to ea/]n ,colorado1 ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 we/]n ,texas1 ,*ihuahua1 & ,sonora2 casual 9 nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! "o new =m add$ foll[s ,no4 #efh4 aft] :i* ins]t #efg;h1 ,ridgway's ,junco 7,j4 h4 annect5s74 ,back ) a r$di% br[n pat* z 9 ,j4 p4 caniceps1 b sides wa%$ ) p9ki% br[n1 z 9 ,j4 h4 me>nsi4 ,range4--,wyom+1 ,colorado1 ,arizona1 & ,new ,mexico 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bdb4 ,cancel ,no4 #gdd4a1 ,santa ,rita ,bu%-,tit1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #gde1 ,lloyd's ,bu%-,tit4 ,page #bdc4 ,cancel ,no4 #gca;a1 ,texan ,tuft$ ,titm\se1 :i* proves to be ! same z ,no4 #gca1 ,tuft$ ,titm\se4 ,page #bdc4 ,aft] ,no4 #gcb add3 #gcb;a4 ,s5nett's ,titm\se 7,b4 a4 s5netti74 ,simil> to ,b4 a4 atrici/atus1 b decid$ly l>g]2 upp] p>ts mu* cle>] gray1 ) little1 if any olive t+e2 adult female ) cre/ fea!rs m (t5 & m ext5sively tipp$ ) gray1 & bo? sexes ) ! =ehead m (t5 t+$ ) br[n or ru/y1 sometimes deeply s 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,c5tral ,texas1 f ,tom ,gre5 & ,con*o ,c\nties ea/ to ! ,brazos ,riv]1 & f ,"y ,c\nty s\? to ,nueces & ,bee ,c\nties 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bdd4 ,aft] ,no4 #gda;b4 add3 #gda;c4 ,valdez ,*e/nut-sid$ ,*ickadee 7,p4 r4 vivax74 ,l ,p4 r4 rufesc5s 9 coloration b l>g]1 tail proportionately long] & bill bulki]4 ,w4 #b4dh2 ,t4 #b4cb 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd ,region1 ,alaska4 ,page #bdd4 ,cancel #gdj;a4 ,k[ak ,*ickadee1 & ,no4 #gdj;b1 ,columbian ,*ickadee1 :i* prove to be ! same z ,no4 #gdj1 ,hudsonian ,*ickadee4 ,p>us h4 littoralis becomes ,no4 #gdj;a1 ,acadian ,*ickadee4 ,page #bdd4 ,aft] ,no4 #gch add3 #gch;a4 ,bailey's ,m\nta9 ,*ickadee 7,p4 g4 bailey,a74 ,simil> to ,p4 g4 gambeli1 b coloration dorsally & lat]ally m plumbe\s1 less br[ni%1 & bill l>g]4 ,b4 #da 7,gr9nell74 ,range4--,m\nta9s ( ,great ,bas9 region & nor!rn ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,bre$s 9 ,canadian & ,transition ,zones f ! ,maury ,m\nta9s1 ,oregon1 s\? ov] ,nevada & ea/]n ,cali=nia to ! ,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,m\nta9s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bde4 ,aft] ,no4 #gcf;a add3 #gcf;b4 ,florida ,*ickadee 7,p4 c4 impig]74 ,simil> to ,p4 c4 c>ol95sis b d>k] & decid$ly small] 7except bill74 ,w4 #b4jh2 ,t4 #a4ha2 ,b4 4#ca 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,ea/ c5tral ,florida4 ,page #bde4 ,aft] ,no4 #gce;b add3 #gce;c4 ,yukon ,*ickadee 7,p4 a4 turn]i74 ,simil> to ,p4 a4 sept5trionalis b slightly small]1 coloration gray] above & m ext5sively or purely :ite b5ea?1 & :ite edg+s ( great] w+-cov]ts1 second>ies1 & out]mo/ rectrices broad]1 m purely :ite 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,alaska1 nor? & we/ ( ,cook ,inlet4 ,page #bdh4 ,aft] ,no4 #fbb;c add ! nor!a/]n =m ( ! ,logg]head ,%rike1 :i* is int]m$iate betwe5 ,l4 l4 ludovicianus & ,l4 l4 excubitorides & has be5 sep>at$ z #fbb;e4 ,migrant ,%rike 7,l4 l4 migrans74 ,simil> to ,l4 l4 ludovicianus b bill small] & colors av]ag+ pal]4 ,n s pale z1 & lack+ ! :iti% upp] tail-cov]ts ( ,l4 l4 excubitorides4 ,range4--,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bre$s *iefly 9 ,transition & ,upp] ,au/ral ,zones f nor!rn ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 s\!rn ,quebec1 ,ma9e1 & ,new ,brunswick1 s\? to ea/]n ,kansas1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 ,k5tucky1 we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a & int]ior ( ,virg9ia 7locally 9 ! ea/72 w9t]s f ,middle ,/ates & s\!rn ,new ,engl& to ,texas1 ,l\isiana1 & ,mississippi 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! ,range ( ! ,logg]head ,%rike 7,no4 #fbb7 is !re=e re/rict$ to ! ,s\? ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates f s\!rn ,nor? ,c>ol9a s\? ?r\gh ,florida & we/ to ,l\isiana4 ,page #bej4 ,aft] ,no4 #fab add3 #fab;a4 ,less] ,cliff ,swall[ 7,p4 l4 ta*9a74 ,simil> to ,p4 l4 lunifrons b decid$ly small]1 ! =ehead o*race\s in/ead ( cream color4 ,w4 #d4jh2 ,t4 #a4gg 7,ob]hols]74 ,range4--,texas & ,mexico4 ,bre$s 9 we/]n ,texas1 ! ,rio ,gr&e ,valley1 & ?r\gh ea/]n ,mexico to ,v]a ,cruz 7,a4,o4,u474 ,page #bej4 ,no4 #fab4b4 ,petro*elidon melanoga/ra1 becomes ,no4 #fab;b1 ,petro*elidon lunifrons melanoga/ra4 ,page #bej4 ,aft] ,no4 #faa4a 7:i* is n[ believ$ to be ( only occasional occurr5ce 9 s\!rn ,florida7 add3 #faa4b4 ,gray-brea/$ ,m>t9 7,progne *alybea74 ,male mu* l ! female ( ,p4 subis b bright]1 m uni=mly /eel-blue above4 ,female l female ( ,p4 subis b bright]1 m uni=mly gray1 ! belly :it]1 )\t black %aft /reaks2 ! nape )\t sign ( a coll> 9 ei!r sex4 ,w4 #e4b4 ,range4--,bre$s f ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e 9 ,texas s\? to s\!rn ,brazil4 ,page #bec4 ,aft] ,no4 #dif 7:i* has become ,tangavius ,aneus involucratus7 add3 #dif;a4 ,bronz$ ,c[bird 7,t4 w4 ,aneus74 ,simil> to ,t4 ,a4 involucratus b plumage ( ! male smoo!r & m glossy2 ! female mu* gray]1 m l female ( ,m4 at]4 ,range4--,san ,antonio1 ,texas1 s\? ?r\gh ea/]n ,mexico1 ,yucatan & c5tral ,am]ica to ,panama 7,a4,o4,u474 ,! ,range ( ,no4 #dif is h5ce re/rict$ to ! region f nor?we/]n ,mexico to s\!rn ,arizona4 ,page #bee4 ,aft] ,no4 #dhh;a4 add3 #dhh;b4 ,we/]n ,cr[ 7,c4 b4 hesp]is74 ,simil> to ,no4 #dhh b decid$ly small]1 ) bill relatively small] & m sl5d]4 ,male ,w4 #aa4hh2 ,t4 #f4gb2 ,b4 #a4hg2 dep? ( ,b4 at no/ril 4#fb 7,ridgway74 ,range4--,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ea/ c5tral ,briti% ,columbia & ,montana s\? to s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,arizona1 & we/]n ,texas 7,a4 ,o4 ,u474 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,faunal ,,bibliography ,:5 "o is engag$ 9 a /udy ( ! birds ( a c]ta9 region or locality x is ( ! fir/ importance to le>n :at has be5 publi%$ ab\t !m by previ\s work]s4 ,su* in=mation may appe> 9 g5]al works on ! bird-life ( a l>ge area1 b m frequ5tly x is f\nd 9 'local li/s' ( ! birds ( a limit$ di/rict4 ,^! li/s con/itute "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & num]\s types ( orni?ological publication4 ,!y are ( value to ! /ud5t ( di/ribution & migration1 9 ! broad] phases ( ^! subjects1 & !y are ( especial int]e/ & assi/ance to /ud5ts liv+ 9 ! region to :i* !y relate4 ,! app5d$ titles ( works ( ?is nature h be5 select$ f a c>d catalogue ( faunal publications :i* ! au?or began to prep>e "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 9 "p ) reg>d to _! hi/oric importance1 b ma9ly on ! basis ( _! pres5t work+ value4 ,un=tunately _m ( ^! pap]s are n[ out ( pr9t or are hidd5 9 sci5tific publications ( b limit$ circulation & are !re=e correspond+ly inaccessible4 ,:51 h[ev]1 o!r means to secure !m fail1 ! ,libr>ian ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 may be consult$ ) a view to secur+1 at co/1 a type writt5 copy ( any li/ desir$4 ,,! ,,_w #ahge-ahie4 ,,%>pe1 ,b41 & o!rs4 ,catalogue ( ,birds 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bg vols4 ) descriptions ( ! birds ( ! _w1 ills4--#ahhe4 ,,/ejneg]1 ,l41 & o!rs4 ,riv]side ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,birds1 #dto1 #eeh pp41 ills4 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl974 ,classification1 /ructure1 habits1 di/ribution4--#ahic-ahcf4 ,,newton1 ,a41 & o!rs4 ,a ,diction>y ( ,birds4 ,pop4 ,ed41 #hvo1 #ajhh pp41 ills4 7,macmillan74--#ahid-ie4 ,,lydekk]1 ,r41 & o!rs4 ,royal ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,birds1 #dto1 ,vols4 ,,iii1 #ehd pp41 & ,,iv1 #egf pp41 ills41 ,g5]al acc\nt4--#ahii4 ,,evans1 ,a4 ,h41 ,birds4 ,vol4 ,,ix1 ,cambridge ,natural ,hi/ory 7,macmillan74 #hvo1 #fce pp4 ills4 ,classification1 habits1 di/ribution4--#ahii-aiji4 ,,%>pe1 ,b4 ,a ,h&-,li/ ( ! ,g5]a & ,species ( ,birds4 #hvo1 #e vols4 ,publi%$ by ,briti% ,museum4 ,names & ,ranges4--#aiji4 ,,kn[lton1 ,f4 ,h41 & o!rs4 ,birds ( ! ,_w1 sm4 #dto1 #hgc pp41 ills4 7,holt74 ,habits1 di/ribution4 ,,nor? ,,am]ica #ahjd-ad1 ,,wilson1 ,a4 ,am]ican ,orni?ology4 #i vols41 #dto ,_m subsequ5t editions1 ! la/1 9 "o volume1 by ,port] ,coates1 ,philadelphia1 is crude1 b at lea/ places ,wilson's text )9 rea* ( e "o4--#ahca-ci4 ,,audubon1 ,j4 ,j4 ,orni?ological ,biography4 #e vols41 #hvo ( text to accompany ! #d elephant folios ( plates 7#ahbg-ch74 ,republi%$ 9 #h vols41 #hvo1 #ahdj-dd & lat] editions4 ,! elephant folios ) ! #e volumes ( text sell = #bejj-cjjj2 ! text c sometimes be pur*as$ at #e p] volume2 ! fir/ #hvo edition br+s ab\t #cej4--ahcb-cd4 ,,nuttall1 ,t4 ,manual ( ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 #b vols4 ,sev]al lat] editions1 ! la/ revis$ by ,montague ,*amb]la9 7,little1 ,br[n ,co471 #aijc1 #b vols4 9 "o1 #dgc & #dca pp4--#aheh4 ,,baird1 ,s4 ,f41 ,,cass91 ,j41 & ,,lawr5ce1 ,g4 ,n4 ,pacific ,r4 ,r4 ,reports4 ,vol4 ,,ix4 ,birds 7( ,nor? ,am]ica74 #dto4 pp4 ,,lvi#ajje--ahgb4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,key to ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 #aijc1 #e? & la/ ed41 #b vols41 roy4 #hvo4 #aaeb pp4 ,! introduction1 ( #bcc pages1 treats ( g5]al orni?ology & ! anatomy ( birds4--#ahgd-ahhd4 ,,baird1 ,s4 ,f41 ,,brew]1 ,t4 ,m41 & ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,hi/ory ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 ,l& birds1 #c vols43 wat] birds1 #b vols41 #dto4 ,! volumes on l& birds republi%$ 9 #hvo size b f same plates1 #aije1 #eif1 #eij1 #efj pp4 7,little1 ,br[n ,co74--#ahhf4 ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union ,*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 ,new ,york1 ,rev4 ,ed4 #aiaj1 #hvo1 #dcj pp4--#ahhg4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,a ,manual ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 #b;d ,ed4 #ahif1 #fec pp4 7,lipp9cott74--#ahib-e4 ,,b5dire1 ,c4 ,life ,hi/ories ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 ,i1 #dad pp41 ,gall9ace\s birds1 ,pigeons1 ,hawks1 & ,owls2 ,,ii1 #ahie1 #ejh pp41 ,p>rots1 ,cuckoos1 ,trogons1 ,k+fi%]s1 ,woodpeck]s1 ,goatsuck]s1 ,swifts1 ,humm+birds1 ,cot+as1 ,flycat*]s1 ,l>ks1 ,cr[s & ,jays1 ,blackbirds & ,orioles4 7,pub4 by ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus47--#ahic4 ,,nehrl+1 ,h4 ,our ,native ,birds ( ,song & ,beauty4 ,vol4 ,i1 #cga pp42 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahif1 #deb pp4 ,biographical4--#ahih4 ,,davie1 ,o4 ,ne/s & ,eggs ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 #e? ,ed41 #hvo1 #eji pp4 7,columbus1 ,ohio74--#aija-aiaa4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,! ,birds ( ,nor? & ,middle ,am]ica4 ,bull4 #ej1 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,"p ,i1 #aija1 ,fringillid,a2 ,"p ,,ii1 #aijb1 ,tanagrid,a1 ,icterid,a1 ,,carebid,a1 ,mniotiltid,a2 ,"p ,,iii1 #aijd1 ,motacillid,a1 ,hirundinid,a1 ,ampelid,a1 ,ptilogonatid,a1 ,dulid,a1 ,vireonid,a1 ,laniid,a1 ,corvid,a1 ,parid,a1 ,sittid,a1 ,certhiid,a1 ,troglodytid,a1 ,cinclid,a1 ,chameid,a1 ,sylviid,a2 ,"p ,,iv1 #aijg1 ,turdid,a1 ,zeledoniid,ae1 ,mimid,ae1 ,sturnid,a1 ,ploceid,a1 ,alaudida,a1 ,oxyruncid,a1 ,tyrannid,a1 ,piprid,a1 ,cotingid,a4 ,"p ,v1 #aiab1 ,pteroptochid,a1 ,formicariid,a1 ,furnariid,a1 ,dendrocolaptid,a1 ,trochilid,a1 ,micropodid,a1 ,trogonid,a4 ,o!r volumes to foll[4 ,! /&>d "w4--#aijc4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,color ,key to ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 #cab pp41 upw>d #hjj col4 ills4--#aijd4 ,,re$1 ,c4 ,s4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds' ,eggs4 #cee pp41 _m ills4--#aiaj4 ,am]ican ,orni?ologi/s' ,union ,abridg$ ,*eck-,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds4 ,pocket ,edition1 #gg pr9t$ #gg blank pp4 7,new ,york74 ,,ea/]n ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 #ahgb-ahha4 ,,mayn>d1 ,c4 ,j4 ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica2 #ahif1 ,rev4 ,ed41 #dto1 #gba pp41 ills4 7,we/ ,newton1 ,mass474--#ahhd4 ,,langille1 ,j4 ,h4444 ,our ,birds 9 ,_! ,haunts4 #abmo1 #fbd pp4 7,cass9o74--#ahhi4 ,,m]riam1 ,f4 ,a4 ,birds ,?r\gh an ,op]a-glass4 #abmo1 #bbc pp4 7,h\ghton74--#ahie4 ,,wright1 ,m4 ,o4 ,birdcraft1 #abmo1 #cag pp41 ills4 7,macmillan74--#ahie4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,h&book ( ! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 #dba pp41 ills42 #aiab4 ,rev4 ,ed4 7,appleton's74--#ahig4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,bird-,life4 ,a ,guide to ! ,/udy ( our ,common ,birds4 #abmo4 #bfi pp4 #ge plls42 #aija1 ,rev4 ,ed41 ) col4 plls4 7,appleton's74--#ahig4 ,,wright1 ,m4 ,o41 & ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,citiz5 ,bird1 #abmo1 #dcj pp4 ills4 7,macmillan74--#ahih4 ,,blan*an1 ,n4 ,bird ,neighbors1 #bcd pp41 col4 ,plls4 7,d\bl$ay74--#ahih4 ,,m]riam1 ,f4 ,a4 ,birds ( ,village & ,field4 #abmo4 #djf pp41 ills4 7,h\ghton74--#ahih4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,bird ,/udies1 an ,acc\nt ( ! ,l& ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 #dto1 #cfc pp4 ,_m half-tones 7,putnam's74--#ahih4 ,,apg>1 ,a4 ,c4 ,birds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ea/ ( ! ,rockies4 #abmo1 #dae pp4 ills4 7,am4 ,book ,co474--#ahii4 ,,cory1 ,c4 ,b4 ,! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 #hvo1 #chg pp41 ills4 7,field ,museum74--#aije-f4 ,,re$1 ,c4 ,a4 ,bird-,guide4 ,oblong1 #cbmo1 ,"p ,i1 #bed pp42 ,"p ,,ii1 #aig pp42 _m ills4 7,d\bl$ay74 ,,gre5l& #ahfa4 ,,re9h>dt1 ,j4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,hi!rto ,obs]v$ 9 ,gre5l&2 ,ibis1 ,,iii1 pp4 #a-ai1 #aah species4--#ahge4 ,,newton1 ,a4 ,notes on ,birds ,:i* ,h ,be5 ,f\nd 9 ,gre5l&1 444 ,london1 #hvo pamphlet1 pp4 #id-aae 7,au?or's extra f ,man4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,gre5l&74 #fcfb species2 bibliography4--#ahhi4 ,,hag]up1 ,a4 ,"s ,acc\nt ( ! ,birds ( ,s\!rn ,gre5l&1 f ! ,,mss44 ( ,a4 ,hag]up1 edit$ by ,montague ,*amb]la94 ,auk1 ,,vi1 pp4 #baa-bah1 #bai-big1 #ci species4--#ahia4 ,,hag]up1 ,a4 ,t4 ,! ,birds ( ,gre5l&1 translat$ f ! ,dani% by ,fremann ,b4 ,arngrimson1 edit$ by ,montague ,*amb]la91 ,bo/on 7,little1 ,br[n ,co471 #hvo1 #fb pp42 #aci species4--#ahib4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,birds ,collect$ by ! ,we/ ,gre5l& ,exp$ition4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,phila41 #ahib1 pp4 #ade-aeb2 #adg species4--#ahie4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,collect$ by ! ,pe>y ,expd4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,phila41 #ahie1 pp4 #ejb-eje2 #bh species4--#ahie4 ,,s*al[1 ,h4 ,,von4 ,ueb] e9e ,voglesammlung aus ,westgr,anl&4 ,j\r4 f,a#a_/dr ,orn41 #ahie1 pp4 #deg-dha2 #ce species4--#ahii4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,report on ,birds ,receiv$ ,?r\gh ! ,pe>y ,exp$itions to ,gre5l&4 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xii1 pp4 #bai-bdd2 #dh pages4--#aijd4 ,,s*al[1 ,h4 ,die ,,vagel d] ,arktis1 ,b& ,,iv1 ,leif]ung1 ,i1 pp4 #ha-bhh2 ,gu/av ,fis*]1 ,j5a4 ,a detail$ synopsis ( ,arctic bird-life4 ,,alaska #ahfi4 ,,dall1 ,w4 ,h41 & ,,banni/]1 ,h4 ,m4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,alaska1 ) ,biographical ,notes4 ,trans4 ,*ic4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,i1 pp4 #bfg-caj1 pll4 ,,xxvii-,,xxxiv2 #bab species4--#ahgc4 ,,dall1 ,w4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,avifauna ( ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 f ,unala%ka1 ea/w>d4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,v1 pp4 #be-ce2 #ec species4--#ahgd4 ,,dall1 ,w4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,avifauna ( ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 especially ^? we/ ( ,unala%ka4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,v1 pp4 #bgj-bha2 #de species4--#ahge4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,a ,report ^u ! ,condition ( ,affairs 9 ! ,t]ritory ( ,alaska4 ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,elliot4 #hvo4 pp4 #bgg4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,orni?ology ( ! ,prybilov ,isl&s1 pp4 #aff-bab2 #ci species4--#ahhb4 ,,bean1 ,t4 ,h4 ,notes on ,birds ,collect$ dur+ ! ,summ] ( #ahhj 9 ,alaska & ,sib]ia4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,v1 pp4 #add-agc2 #gg species4--#ahhe4 ,,murdo*1 ,j4 ,bird ,migration at ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,arctic ,alaska4 ,auk1 ,,ii1 p4 #fc2 #ej species4--#ahhc4 ,,h>tlaub1 ,g4 ,beitrag zur ,orni?ologie von ,alaska1 na* dem ,sammlung5 und ,not5 von ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,krause und ,dr4 ,aurel ,krause4 ,j\rn f,a#a_/dr ,orn4 pp4 #beg-bhf2 #hc species4--#ahhc4 ,,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,b]+ ,sea & ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,cruise ( ! ,rev5ue /eam] ,corw9 9 ,alaska & ! ,n4 ,w4 ,arctic ,ocean 9 #ahha4 ,wa%+ton4--#ahhe4 ,,murdo*1 ,j4 ,report ( ! ,int]national ,pol> ,exp$ition to ,po9t ,b>r[1 ,alaska4 ,wa%+ton4 ,birds1 pp4 #ajd-abh2 #ed species4--#ahhe4 ,,turn]1 ,l4 ,m4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,ne>] ,isl&s1 ,alaska4 ,auk1 ,,ii1 pp4 #aed-aei2 #fi species4--#ahhg4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,h4 ,li/ ( ! ,midsumm] ,birds ( ! ,k[ak ,riv]1 ,nor!rn ,alaska4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 pp4 #aa-ac2 #eb species4--#ahhh4 ,,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,report ^u ,natural ,hi/ory ,collections made 9 ,alaska ,betwe5 ! ,ye>s #ahgg & #ahha4 ,edit$ by ,h5ry ,w4 ,h5%aw4 #dto4 pp4 #ccg4 ,birds1 pp4 #ai-bcj1 pll4 ,i-,,xii1 color$2 #bfj species2 important4--#ahhh4 ,,turn]1 ,l4 ,m4 ,contributions to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,alaska4 ,results ( ,inve/igations made *iefly 9 ! ,yukon ,di/rict & ! ,aleutian ,isl&s4 #dto1 pp4 #bbf2 birds1 pp4 #aae-aia1 pll4 ,i-,x1 color$2 #afh species4--#ahih4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,sitka1 ,alaska4 ,auk1 ,,xv1 pp4 #abb-aca2 #ff species4--#ahii4 ,,palm]1 ,w4 ,! ,avifauna ( ! ,pribilov ,isl&s4 ,! ,fur ,seals & ,fur ,seal ,isl&s ( ! ,nor? ,pacific ,ocean1 ,"p ,,iii1 pp41 #cee-dca2 #fh species2 bibliography4--#aijj4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,birds ( ! ,kotzebue ,s\nd ,region1 ,alaska4 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna ,no4 #a4 ,coop] ,orn4 ,club1 ,los ,angeles1 ,calif4 #hj pp4 #a map2 #aac species4--#aijj4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,report on ,birds & ,mammals obta9$ by ! ,mc,ilhenny ,exp$ition to ,pt4 ,b>r[1 ,alaska1 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 birds1 pp4 #d-cc2 #fi species4--#aija4 ,,osgood1 ,w4 ,h4 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,cook ,inlet ,region1 ,alaska4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #ba2 birds1 pp4 #gb-ha2 #gh species4--#aijb4 ,mc,g,r,e,g,o,r1 ,r4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,collect$ 9 ,norton ,s\nd1 ,alaska4 ,! ,condor1 ,,iv1 pp4 #ace-add2 #fc species4--#aijd4 ,,osgood1 ,w4 ,h4 ,a ,biological ,reconnaissance ( ! ,base ( ! ,alaska ,p59sula4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #bd2 birds1 pp4 #ea-ha2 #acd species4--#aijf4 ,mc,g,r,e,g,o,r1 ,r4 ,c4 ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,kr5itz9 ,isl&s1 ,alaska4 ,! ,condor1 ,,viii1 pp4 #aad-abb2 #dd species4--#aiji4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,birds & ,mammals ( ! #aijg ,alex&] ,exp$ition to ,s\!a/]n ,alaska4 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,v1 #b pp4 #aga-bfd2 #ii species4--#aiji4 ,,osgood1 ,w4 ,h4 ,biological ,inve/igations 9 ,alaska & ,yukon ,t]ritory4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #cj2 #if pp4 #f plls4 ,i4 ,ea/ ,c5tral ,alaska1 #gf species2 ,,ii4 ,ogilvie ,range1 ,yukon1 #dc species2 ,,iii4 ,! ,macmillan ,riv]1 ,yukon1 #ee species4--#aiji4 ,,%eldon1 ,c4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ on ! ,upp] ,toklat ,riv] ne> ,mt4 ,mc,kinley1 ,alaska1 #aijg-aijh4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #ff-gj2 #fc species4--#aiaj4 ,,cl>k1 ,a4 ,h4 ,! ,birds ,collect$ & ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,nor? ,pacific ,ocean1 & 9 ,b]+1 ,okhotsk1 ,japan1 & ,ea/]n ,seas1 f ,april to ,decemb]1 #aijf4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,no4 #agbg1 pp4 #be-gd2 #age species4--#aiaj4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,birds ( ! #aijh ,alex&] ,alaska ,exp$ition1 ) a note on ! ,avifaunal ,relation%ips ( ! ,pr9ce ,william ,s\nd ,di/rict1 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,v1 #ab1 pp4 #cfa-dbh2 #b plls2 #hi species4--#aiaa4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,birds & ,mammals ( ! #aiji ,alex&] ,alaska ,exp$ition4 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,,vii1 #b1 pp4 #i-agb2 #f plls4 ,birds1 pp4 #bc-aab2 #acg species4--#aiab4 ,,b5t1 ,a4 ,c4 ,notes on ,birds ,obs]v$ dur+ a ,brief visit to ! ,aleutian ,isl&s & ,b]+ ,sea 9 #aiaa4 ,smi?s4 ,miscell4 ,colls4 ,vol4 #ef ,no4 #cb2 pp4 #bi2 #fjbb species4 ,,l[] ,,cali=nia #ahei1 ,,baird1 ,s4 ,f4 ,notes on a collection ( ,birds made by ,mr4 ,john ,xantus1 at ,cape ,san ,lucas1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,xi1 pp4 #bii-cjf2 #db species4--#ahgf4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,orni?ology ( ,guadel\pe ,isl& bas$ on notes & collections made by ,dr4 ,edw>d ,palm]4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,t]r4 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ahc-aie2 #aj species4--#ahgg4 ,,/reets1 ,t4 ,h41 ,m4 ,d4 ,contributions to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,hawaiian & ,fann+ ,isl&s & ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #g1 p #agb2 birds1 pp4 #i-cc4--ahhc4 ,,beld+1 ,l4 ,catalogue ( a ,collection ( ,birds made ne> ! ,s\!rn ,extremity ( ! ,p59sula ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,ridgway4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,v4 #ahhb1 pp4 #ecb-eej2 #aed species 7,see also ,ibid41 pp4 #ebg-ecb2 ,,vi1 pp4 #cdd-ceb74--ahhh4 ,,bryant1 ,w4 ,e4 ,c]ros ,isl&4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #fb-fd2 #bg species4--#ahhg4 ,,bryant1 ,w4 ,e4 ,additions to ! ,orni?ology ( ,guadel\pe ,isl&4 ,bull4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,,ii1 #f1 pp4 #bfi-cah2 #ce species4--#ahhh4 ,,goss1 ,n4 ,s4 ,new & ,r>e ,birds f\nd ,bre$+ on ! ,san ,p$ro ,m>tir ,isle4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #bdj-bbd2 #e species4--#ahij4 ,,bryant1 ,w4 ,e4 ,a catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,l[] ,cali=nia1 ,mexico4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #bnd ,s]4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bcg-cbj1 ) map2 #cbj species2 bibliography4--#ahij4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,h4 ,birds f ! ,coa/s ( ,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & adjac5t ,isl&s ,collect$ 9 #ahhh-hi1 ) ,descriptions ( ,new ,species4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xiii1 #ahij1 pp4 #aca-adb4 ,cl>ion ,isl&s1 #aj species2 ,socorro ,isl&1 #i species2 ,san ,b5$icte ,isl&1 #f species2 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 #bc species2 ,m\? ( ,rio ,colorado1 ,sonora1 #c species2 ,c]ros ,isl&1 #b species2 ,guadel\pe ,isl&1 ,l[] ,cali=nia1 #c species2 ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&1 ,cali=nia1 #d species2 ,san ,clem5te ,isl&1 ,cali=nia1 #i species2 ,san ,nicolas ,isl&1 ,cali=nia1 #a species2 ,santa ,rosa ,isl&1 ,cali=nia1 #e species2 ,santa ,cruz ,isl&1 ,cali=nia1 #aj species4--#ahie4 ,,an?ony1 ,a4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,san ,f]n&o1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,auk1 ,,xii1 pp4 #acd-adc2 #fe species4--#ahih4 ,,an?ony1 ,a4 ,w4 ,avifauna ( ,revillagig$o ,isl&s4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xv1 pp4 #caa-cah4 ,san ,b5$icte ,isl&1 #aa species2 ,socorro ,isl&1 #bd species2 ,cl>ion ,isl&1 #ag species4--#aijb4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,birds ( ! ,cape ,region ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,bull4 ,mus4 ,comp4 ,zool41 ,no4 #a1 ,,xli1 #bda pp41 #a map2 #bee species2 bibliography4--#aijc4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 & ,,daggett1 ,f4 ,s4 ,an ,orni?ological ,visit to ,los ,coronados ,isl&s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xx1 pp4 #bg-cg2 #bb species2 bibliography4--#aijd4 ,,br5+]1 ,g4 ,f4 ,san ,clem5te ,isl& & its ,birds4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxi1 pp4 #bah-bbc4--aije4 ,,ka$+1 ,h4 ,b4 ,birds f ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,l[] ,cali=nia & ,adjac5t ,isl&s4 ,! ,condor1 ,,vii1 pp4 #aje-aaa2 #afh species4--#aije4 ,,/one1 ,w4 & ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 ,on a ,collection ( ,birds & ,mammals f ! ,colorado ,delta1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci ,phila41 pp4 #fgf-fij2 #ej species4--#aijg4 ,,?ay]1 ,j4 ,e4 & ,,bangs1 ,o4 ,birds ,collect$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,br[n1 ,jr41 on ,c]ros1 ,san ,b5ito & ,natividad ,isl&s 9 ! spr+ ( #aijf1 ) ,notes on ! ,biota ( ! ,isl&s4 ,! ,condor1 ,,ix1 pp4 #gg-ha4 ,c]ros1 #bi2 ,natividad1 #i2 ,san ,b5ito1 #g species4--#aijg4 ,,?ay]1 ,j4 ,e41 & ,,bangs1 ,o4 ,catalogue ( ,birds ,collect$ 9 ,middle ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor ,,ix1 pp4 #ace-adj2 #gc species4--#aijh4 ,,?ay]1 ,j4 ,e4 & ,,bangs1 ,o4 ,! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,ornis ( ,guadel\pe ,isl&4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #aja-ajf2 #bj species4--#aiji4 ,,osborn1 ,p4 ,i4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,los ,coronados ,isl&s1 ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor ,,xi1 pp4 #acd-ach2 #cd species4 ,,briti% ,,possessions ,,b]muda #ahei4 ,,jones1 ,j4 ,m41 ,,w$d]burn1 ,j4 ,w41 & ,,hurdis1 ,j4 ,l44 ,! ,naturali/ 9 ,b]muda4 ,birds1 pp4 #bc-ig4--ahhd4 ,,reid1 ,s4 ,g4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,b]muda4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #be41 pp4 #afe-bgi2 #ahf species4 7,see also1 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h41 ,ibid41 #bhc1 #bhd74--aija4 ,,bangs1 ,o4 & ,,bradlee1 ,t4 ,s4 ,! ,resid5t ,l& ,birds ( ,b]muda4 ,auk1 ,,xviii1 pp4 #bdi-beg2 #aj species4 ,,canada #ahca4 ,,swa9son1 ,w41 & ,,ri*>dson1 ,j4 ,fauna ,boreali-,am]icana4 ,"p ,second1 #dto1 pp4 lxvi-#ebd1 pll4 #bd-gc1 woodct4 #da2 #bch species2 important4--#ahfc4 ,,blaki/on1 ,t4 ,on ! ,birds ( ! ,int]ior ( ,briti% ,am]ica4 ,ibis41 ,v1 pp4 #ci-hg1 #aba-aee2 #bej species4--#ahhg4 ,,*amb]la91 ,m4 ,a ,catalogue ( ,canadian ,birds ) ,notes on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,species4 #hvo1 pp4 #adc4 ,/4 ,john1 ,n4 ,b4--#ahih4 ,,russell1 ,f4 ,explorations 9 ! ,f> ,nor?1 7,lake ,w9nipeg1 ,cr[ ,ne/ ,pass1 ,alb]ta1 ,=t ,*ippewayan1 ,=t ,rae1 ,h]s*el ,isl&47 ,publi%$ by ,univ]sity ( ,i[a4 ,birds1 pp4 #bec-bgj2 #abb species4--#aiji4 ,,mac\n1 ,j4 & ,j4 ,m4 ,catalogue ( ,canadian ,birds4 #hvo1 ,,xviii#gfa pp4 ,gov]nm5t ,ptg4 ,bureau1 ,ottawa4 ,di/ribution & ne/+2 important4 ,,alb]ta #ahib4 ,,ra9e1 ,w4 7,see ,saskat*ewan47--#aiji4 ,,/ansell1 ,s4 ,s4 ,s41 ,birds ( ,c5tral ,alb]ta4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cia-djj2 #aeg species4 ,,briti% ,,columbia #ahfh4 ,,br[n1 ,r4 ,synopsis ( ! ,birds ( ,vanc\v] ,isl&4 ,ibis1 #bnd ,s]41 ,,iv1 pp4 #dad-dbh2 #aec species4--#ahij4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,on a ,collection ( ,birds made by ,mr4 ,cl>k ,p4 ,/reator 9 ,briti% ,columbia ) ,field ,notes by ! ,collector4 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,iii1 pp4 #abc-aeh2 #afj species1 f ,we/m9i/]1 ,mt4 ,lehman1 ,ducks1 & ,a%cr(t1 ,b4 ,c41 ,duncan's ,/ation1 ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 & ,kalama1 ,wa%+ton4--#ahia4 ,,fann91 ,j4 ,*eck-,li/ ( ,briti% ,columbia ,birds4 #hvo4 pp4 ,,xiv#di4 ,victoria1 ,b4 ,c42 #cjg species4--#ahic4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 ,! ,birds obs]v$ 9 ,briti% ,columbia & ,wa%+ton dur+ spr+ & summ] ( #ahib4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ahic1 pp4 #ba-fe2 #bfj species4--#aija4 ,,osgood1 ,w4 ,h4 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #ba1 ,birds1 pp4 #ch-ej2 #ih species4--#aijc4 ,,brooks1 ,a4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,c>iboo ,di/rict1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xx1 pp4 #bgg-bhd2 #id species4--#aiab4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,report on a ,collection ( ,birds & ,mammals f ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 ,univ4 ,calif4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,x1 #a1 pp4 #abd2 #aaa species4 ,,frankl9 #ahgi4 ,,kumli51 ,l4 ,contributions to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,arctic ,am]ica1 made 9 ,connection ) ! ,h[gate ,pol> ,exp$ition1 #ahgg-gh4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,no4 #ae4 ,birds1 pp4 #fi-aje2 #hd species4--#ahhf4 ,,greeley1 ,a4 ,w4 ,?ree ye>s ( ,arctic ,s]vice4 ,roy #hvo1 #b vols1 ,birds1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,app4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cgb-che2 #cee species4 ,,keewat9 #aijb4 ,,preble1 ,e4 ,a4 ,birds ( ,keewat91 ,n4 ,a4 ,fauna1 ,no4 #bb1 pp4 #ge-aca2 #bfj species4--#aije4 ,,eifrig1 ,c4 ,w4 ,g4 ,orni?ological ,results ( ! ,canadian ,neptune ,exp$ition to ,hudson ,bay & ,nor?w>d1 #aijc-aijd4 ,auk1 pp4 #bcc-bda2 #ea species4 ,,labrador 7,,includ+ ,,ungava7 #ahfa4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,notes on ! ,orni?ology ( ,labrador4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #bae-beg2 #hb species4--#ahhe4 ,,turn]1 ,l4 ,m4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,labrador1 includ+ ,ungava1 ,ea/ ,ma91 ,moose1 & ,gulf ,di/ricts ( ! ,hudson ,bay ,company1 toge!r ) ! ,isl& ( ,antico/i4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,viii1 pp4 #bcc-bed2 #bjg species4 7,see also ,,pack>d1 ,a4 ,s4 ,! ,labrador ,coa/1 #ahia74--ahhg4 ,,fraz>1 ,m4 ,a4 ,an ,orni?ologi/'s ,summ] 9 ,labrador4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xii1 pp4 #a-c1 #ag-bj1 #cc-ce2 #fb species4--#aijb4 ,,bigel[1 ,h4 ,b4 ,birds ( ! ,nor?we/]n ,coa/ ( ,labrador4 ,auk1 ,,xix1 #aijb1 pp4 #bd-ca2 #he species4--#aijg4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,w41 & ,,all51 ,g4 ,m4 ,birds ( ,labrador4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxxiii1 pp4 #bgg-dbh1 map2 #bac species4 7,see also ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,w41 & ,,b5t1 ,a4 ,c4 ,! ,auk1 #aiaj1 pp4 #a-ah2 #ic species47 ,,mack5zie #ahfb4 ,,ross1 ,b4 ,r4 ,li/ ( ,mammals1 ,birds1 & ,eggs1 obs]v$ 9 ! ,mack5zie's ,riv] ,di/rict ) notices4 ,canad4 ,nat4 & ,geol41 ,,vii1 pp4 #acg-aee4 ,birds1 pp4 #adb-aee2 #aib species4 7,see also ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,rev4 #bnd ,s]4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bfi-bij74--ahia4 ,,macf>lane1 ,r4 ,notes on & ,li/ ( ,birds & ,eggs ,collect$ 9 ,arctic ,am]ica1 #ahfa-ahff4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xiv1 pp4 #dac-ddf2 #aca species4 7,see also ,hi/4 ,sci4 ,soc4 ( ,man41 ,trans4 #ci74--aijh4 ,,macf>lane1 ,r4 ,li/ ( ,birds & ,eggs ,obs]v$ & ,collect$ 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,t]ritories ( ,canada1 betwe5 #ahhj & #ahid4 pp4 #bhe-ddg ( ,mair's ,?r\gh ! ,mack5zie ,bas91 ,toronto4 ,william ,briggs4 #bbj species4--#aijh4 ,,preble1 ,e4 ,a4 ,a ,biological ,inve/igation ( ! ,a?abasca-,mack5zie ,region1 ,n4 ,a4 ,fauna1 ,no4 #bg1 #egd pp4 ,birds1 pp4 #bea-ejj2 #bif species2 bibliography2 important4--#aijh4 ,,seton1 ,e4 ,t4 ,bird ,records f ,great ,slave ,lake ,region4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #fh-gd2 #hh species4 ,,manitoba #ahhf4 ,,seton1 ,e4 ,t4 ,! ,birds ( ,we/]n ,manitoba4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #ade-aef1 #cbj-cbi1 #dec2 #beh species4--#ahia4 ,,seton1 ,e4 ,t4 ,! ,birds ( ,manitoba4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #deg-fdc1 #a pl42 #bff species4 7,see also #ad additions4 ,auk1 #ahic1 p4 #di47--aiji4 ,,seton1 ,e4 ,t4 ,fauna ( ,manitoba4 ,briti% ,assc4 ,h&book4 ,w9nipeg1 pp4 #a-dg2 #bgc species4 ,,new ,,brunswick #aheg4 ,,bryant1 ,h4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,gr& ,m5an & at ,y>m\?1 ,n4 ,s41 f ,june #af to ,july #h4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,vi1 pp4 #aad-abc2 #ee species4--#ahgc4 ,,h]rick1 ,h4 ,a ,p>tial ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,gr& ,m5an1 ,n4 ,b41 ,bull4 ,essex4 ,in/41 ,v4 pp4 #bh-da2 #aid species4--#ahgi4 ,,pe>sall1 ,r4 ,f4 ,gr& ,m5an ,notes2 ,summ]s ( #ahgg & #ahgh4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xiii1 p4 #ebd2 #dc species4--#ahhb4 ,,bat*eld]1 ,c4 ,f4 ,notes on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,upp] ,/4 ,john4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c1 ,,vii1 pp4 #ajf-aaa1 #adg-aeb2 #aje species4--#ahhb1 ,,*amb]la91 ,m4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,new ,brunswick4 ,bull4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,no4 ,i1 pp4 #bc-fh1 #bfi species4--#aiab4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,w4 ,notes on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,/4 ,john ,valley1 ,new ,brunswick4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxix1 pp4 #af-bc2 #ha species4 ,,newf\ndl& #ahfi4 ,,reeks1 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,zo,alogy ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,zo,alogi/1 #bnd s]41 ,,iv1 pp4 #afji-afad1 #afih-afie1 #agda-agei1 #ahdi-aheh2 #bab species4 ,see also ,canad4 ,nat4 & ,qu>t4 ,j\rn4 ,sci41 ,v4 #ahgj-ga1 pp4 #ch-dg1 #aea-aei1 #bhi-cjd1 #djf-daf2 & ,,h>vey ,m4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,iii1 pp4 #ec1 #aif1 #cda4--aijj4 ,,port]1 ,l4 ,h4 ,newf\ndl& ,notes4 ,auk1 ,,xvii1 pp4 #ga-gc2 #ej species summ] birds4--#aiab4 ,,arnold1 ,e4 ,a ,%ort ,summ] ,out+ 9 ,newf\ndl&4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxix1 pp4 #gb-gi2 #fh species4 ,,nova ,,scotia #aheg4 ,,bryant1 ,h4 7,see ,new ,brunswick47--#aheh4 ,,blaki/on1 ,r4 ,a41 ,,bl&1 ,r4 ,e41 & ,,willis1 ,j4 ,r4 ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,?irte5? ,ann4 ,rep4 ,smi?s4 ,in/41 pp4 #bhj-bhf2 #bjf species4--#ahgi4 ,,jones1 ,j4 ,,mat!w4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,nova ,scotia--,l& ,birds4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xii1 pp4 #fe1 #ff1 #aje1 #ajf1 #bje1 #bde2 #abh species4--#ahhg4 ,,dwight1 ,j41 ,jr4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,bras d',or ,region ( ,cape ,breton ,isl&1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 #ahhg1 pp4 #ac-af2 #ei species4 7,see also ,,all51 ,f4 ,h41 ,ibid41 #ahia47--ahhh4 ,,d[ns1 ,a4 ,birds ( ,nova ,scotia1 edit$ by ,h>ry ,pi]s1 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,nova ,scotia ,in/4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,,vii1 ii1 pp4 #adb-agh2 #bdj species4 ,,ont>io #ahfj4 ,mc,i,l,w,r,a,i,t,h1 ,t4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,hamilton4 ,canad4 ,j\rn41 ,v4 pp4 #chg-cif4 7,see also ,proc4 ,essex4 ,in/41 ,v4 #ahff1 pp4 #gi-if71 #bda species4--#ahhb4 ,,mord51 ,j4 ,a41 & ,,saund]s1 ,w4 ,e4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,we/]n ,ont>io4 ,canad4 ,sportsm1 & ,nat4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ahc-ahg1 #aib-aid1 also ,,iii1 pp4 #bah1 #bai1 #bdc2 #bcf species4--#ahia4 ,,f>ley1 ,w4 ,l4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,elg9 ,c\nty1 ,ont>io4 ,! ,,oalogi/1 ,,viii1 pp4 #ha-hg2 #aij species4--#ahia4 ,ottawa ,field ,nat4 ,club4 ,! ,birds ( ,ottawa4 ,ottawa ,nat4 ,v4 pp4 #ca-dg2 #bbd species4--#ahid4 ,mc,i,l,w,r,a,i,t,h1 ,t4 ,! ,birds ( ,ont>io1 #hvo4 ,x#dbf pp4 ,wm4 ,briggs1 ,toronto2 #cag species4--#ahig-h4 ,,na%1 ,c4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,ont>io 9 ,relation to ,agriculture4 ,rep4 ,f>m]s' ,in/4 ( ,ont4 #hvo1 #cb pp4--#aijj4 ,,na%1 ,c4 ,w4 ,*eck ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,ont>io4 ,w>wick ,bros1 & ,rutt]1 ,toronto4 #hvo4 #eh pp42 #cjb species4--#aija4 ,,flem+1 ,j4 ,h4 ,a li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,di/ricts ( ,p>ry ,s\nd & ,muskoka1 ,ont4 ,auk1 ,,xviii1 #aija1 pp4 #cc-de2 #aif species4 7,see also ,ibid41 ,,xix1 p4 #djc47--aije4 ,,na%1 ,c4 ,w4 ,*eck ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,ont>io4 ,l4 ,k4 ,cam]on1 ,pr9t]1 ,toronto1 ,ont4 #hb pp2 #cbd species4--#aijf4 ,,swales1 ,b4 ,h41 & ,,tav]n]1 ,p4 ,a4 ,rem>ks on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,lake ,muskoka1 ,ont4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xviii1 pp4 #fj-fh2 #ei species4--#aijf-g4 ,,flem+1 ,j4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,toronto1 ,ont4 ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #dcg-dec2 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #ga-hi2 #bij species4--#aijg4 ,,hubel1 ,f4 ,c4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,cobalt ,m9+ ,region1 ,nipiss+ ,di/rict1 ,ont4 ,auk ,,xxiv1 pp4 #dh-eb2 #gf species4--#aijg-h4 ,,tav]n]1 ,p4 ,a4 & ,,swales1 ,b4 ,h4 ,! ,birds ( ,po9t ,pelee1 ,wilson ,bull4 ,,xix1 pp4 #cg-ec2 #hb-ii1 #acc-aec2 ,,xx1 pp4 #gi-if1 #ajg-abi2 #bji species4 ,see also ,,wood1 ,n4 ,a41 ,ibid41 #aiaj1 pp4 #fc-gh4--aiaj4 ,,eifrig1 ,g4 ,a4 ,w9t] ( ,r>e ,birds at ,ottawa4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #ec-ei4 ,,quebec #ahgh4 ,,cory1 ,c4 ,b4 ,a ,naturali/ 9 ! ,magdal5 ,isl&s 7,bo/on74 ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #cc-hc1 li/ ( birds2 #aji species4--#ahhb4 ,,w9tle1 ,e4 ,d4 ,orni?ology ( ! ,isl& ( ,montreal4 ,canad4 ,sportsm4 & ,nat41 ,,ii1 pp4 #ajh-aaj1 #aaf1 #aag2 #afh species4--#ahhb-e4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,asc]ta9$ to ,occur )9 ,t5 ,miles ( ,po9t des ,monts1 ,prov9ce ( ,quebec1 ,canada2 bas$ *iefly ^u ! notes ( ,napoleon ,a4 ,comeau4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c1 ,,vii1 pp4 #bcc-bdb1 & ,add5da1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bdd1 #bde2 ,auk1 ,i1 #ahhd1 p4 #bie2 ,,ii1 #ahhe1 pp4 #aac1 #cae2 #ahj species4--#ahhd4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,notes on ! ,birds ,obs]v$ ,dur+ a ,summ] ,cruise on ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xxii1 pp4 #cfd-dab2 #ib species4--#ahhi4 ,,bi%op1 ,l4 ,b4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,magdal5 ,isl&s4 ,auk1 ,,vi1 pp4 #add-aej2 #ff species4--#ahhi4 ,,dionne1 ,c4 ,e4 ,catalogue des ,oiseaux de la ,prov9ce de ,quebec avec des ,notes sur leur ,di/ribution ,geographique4444 ,quebec des ,presses a ,vapeur de ,j4 ,dussault1 ,port ,dauph91 #hvo1 #aai pp42 #bgc species4--#ahia4 ,,palm]1 ,,william4 ,notes on ! ,birds ,obs]v$ ,dur+ ! ,cruise ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,fi% ,commission ,s*oon] ,grampus 9 ! ,summ] ( #ahhg4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,,xiii1 #ahij1 pp #bdi-bfe2 #gh species4--#ahic4 ,,dwight1 ,j41 ,,jr4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&4 ,auk1 ,x1 #ahic1 pp4 #a-ae2 #ha species4--#ahif4 ,,w9tle1 ,e4 ,d4 ,! ,birds ( ,montreal4 ,w4 ,drysdale ,co41 ,montreal4 #hvo1 xiv#aha pp42 #bed species4--#aijh4 ,,macswa91 ,j4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&4 ,proc4 & ,trans4 ,nova ,scotia ,in/4 ( ,sci5ce4 ,,xi1 pp1 #egj-eib2 #bbj species4 ,,saskat*ewan #ahib4 ,,ra9e1 ,w4 ,bird-ne/+ 9 ,nor?-,we/ ,canada4 #hvo4 pp4 #aig2 ills4 ,toronto4--#aijg-h4 ,,b5t1 ,a4 ,c4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,s\!rn ,saskat*ewan4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #djg-dcj2 ,,xxv1 pp4 #be-ce2 #aec species4--#aiaj4 ,,f]ry1 ,j4 ,f4 ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,saskat*ewan ,dur+ ! ,summ] ( #aiji4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #ahe-bjd2 #aah species4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,we/]n ,,unit$ ,,/ates #ahef4 ,,cass91 ,j4 ,illu/rations ( ! ,birds ( ,cali=nia1 ,texas1 ,oregon1 ,briti%1 & ,russian ,am]ica4 ,int5d$ to ,conta9 descriptions & figures ( all ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds n giv5 by =m] ,am]ican au?ors1 & a ,g5]al ,synopsis ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,orni?ology4 #a ,vol4 l>ge #hvo4 pp4 viii#bih2 pll4 #ej4--ahgj4 ,,coop]1 ,j4 ,g4 ,geological ,survey ( ,cali=nia4 ,orni?ology4 ,volume ,i4 ,l& ,birds4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,f4 ,baird4 ,publi%$ by au?ority ( ! ,legislature4 ,vol4 ,i l>ge #hvo1 pp4 xi#eia2 ills4--#ahgb4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 ,notes ( an ,orni?ological ,reconnaissance ( ,portions ( ,kansas1 ,colorado1 ,wyom+1 & ,utah4 ,bull4 ,mus4 ,comp4 ,zool4 ,,iii1 pp4 #aac-ahc4 ,annotat$ li/s ( birds obs]v$ at ,leav5wor?1 ,topeka1 ,=t ,hays & 9 ,nor?we/]n ,kansas2 betwe5 ,colorado ,city & ,d5v]1 at ,s\? ,p>k ne> ,m\nt ,l9coln1 ,colorado2 at ,*ey5ne1 ,wyom+1 & ne> ,ogd51 ,utah4--#ahgd4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,birds ( ! ,nor?we/3 ,a ,h&book ( ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,region dra9$ by ! ,miss\ri ,riv] & its ,tribut>ies4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories4 ,miscellane\s ,publications1 ,no4 #c4 ,wa%+ton1 #a ,vol4 #hvo1 pp4 xii#gia2 important4--#ahgd4 ,,y>r[1 ,h4 ,c4 & ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,geog4 & ,geol4 ,explorations & ,surveys ,we/ ( ! "o hundr$? ,m]idian4 ,reports ^u ,orni?ological ,specim5s ,collect$ 9 ! ye>s #ahga1 #ahgb1 & #ahgc4 #hvo1 pp4 #a-adh4 ,obs]vations made 9 ,utah1 ,nevada1 ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4--#ahge4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,report ^u ,geograph4 & ,geol4 ,explorations & ,surveys ,we/ ( ! ,"o ,hundr$? ,m]idian4 ,vol4 ,v1 ,zoology4 ,*ap4 ,,iii1 ,report ^u ! ,orni?ological ,collections made 9 ,portions ( ,nevada1 ,utah1 ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,arizona1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahga1 #ahgb1 #ahgc & #ahgd4 #dto1 pp4 #ahd-ejh2 pll4 xv2 #bif species4--#ahgh4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,birds ( ! ,colorado ,valley4 ,a ,repository ( ,sci5tific & ,popul> ,in=mation ,conc]n+ ,nor? ,am]ican ,orni?ology4 ,"p ,fir/4 ,pass]es to ,laniid,a4 ,bibliographical ,app5dix4 ,sev5ty illu/rations4--#ahij4 ,,beld+1 ,l4 ,l& ,birds ( ! ,pacific ,di/rict4 ,occasional ,pap]s ( ! ,cali=nia ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ,,ii1 #hvo1 pp4 #a-bgd2 #bie species4--#aijb4 ,,bailey1 ,f4 ,m4 ,h&book ( ,birds ( ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4 #abmo1 pp4 xc-#eab2 _m ills4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co4 ,important4 ,,mississippi ,,valley #ahhh4 ,,cooke1 ,w4 ,w4 ,reports on ,bird ,migration 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley 9 ! ye> #ahhd & #ahhe4 ,edit$ & revis$ by ,c4 ,h>t ,h]riam4 ,bull4 ,no4 #b1 ,div4 ,economic ,orni?ology ,biological ,survey4 #cac pp41 #a map4 ,,new ,,engl& #ahgg4 ,,m9ot1 ,h4 ,d4 ,! ,l& & ,game ,birds ( ,new ,engl&4 ,second ,ed41 edit$ by ,wm4 ,brew/]1 #ahie1 #dib pp4 7,h\ghton74--#ahha-c4 ,,/e>ns1 ,w4 ,a41 & ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,new ,engl& ,bird-,life1 #b vols41 pp4 #cbd-dji4--aijd4 ,,h(fmann1 ,r4 ,a ,guide to ! ,birds ( ,new ,engl& & ,ea/]n ,new ,york4 #cej pp4 7,h\ghton74--#aiji4 ,,all51 ,g4 ,m4 ,birds ( ,new ,engl&4 ,occ4 ,pap]s ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,vii1 pp4 #a-bcj2 #djb species4 ,,alabama #ahgh-i4 ,,br[n1 ,n4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,coosada1 ,c5tral ,alabama4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c1 ,,iii1 pp4 #afh-agd2 ,,iv1 pp4 #g-ac2 #aai species4--#ahij-a4 ,,av]y1 ,w4 ,c4 ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,alabama4 ,am4 ,field1 ,,xxxiv1 pp4 #ehd1 #fjg1 #fjh2 ,,xxxv1 #ahia1 pp4 #h1 #cb1 #ee2 #ahd species4--#aijh4 ,,saund]s1 ,a4 ,a4 ,"s ,birds ( ,c5tral ,alabama4 ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #dac-dbd2 #abi species4 ,,arizona #ahec4 ,,woodh\se1 ,s4 ,w4 ,report ( an ,exp$ition d[n ! ,zuni & ,colorado ,riv]s1 by ,capta9 ,l4 ,sitgreaves4444 #hvo1 pp4 #aih4 ,birds1 pp4 #eh-aje2 pll4 i-vi2 #bai species4--#ahff4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,=t ,:ipple4 ,arizona3 ) :i* are incorporat$ all ! o!r species asc]ta9$ to inhabit ! ,t]ritory2 ) brief critical & field notes1 descriptions ( new species1 etc4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila4 ,,xviii1 pp4 #ci-ajj2 #bde species4--#ahgd4 ,,y>r[1 ,h4 ,c41 & ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 7see ,utah74--#ahge4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,annual ,report ( ! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s = #ahge4 ,app4 ,i #b1 pp4 #aec-aff4 ,annotat$ li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,arizona2 #bia species4--#ahhb-c4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,on a ,collection ( ,birds lately made by ,mr4 ,f4 ,/eph5s 9 ,arizona4 ,bull4 ,nutt4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,,vii1 pp4 #fe-hf2 #ace-adg2 #aic-bab2 ,,viii1 pp4 #ba-cf2 #afe species 7see also ,! ,auk1 ,,ii1 #ahhe1 pp4 #hd1 #he2 #aif-bjj74--ahhf-h4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,on ! ,avifauna ( ,p9al ,c\nty ) ,rem>ks on ,"s ,birds ( ,pima & ,gila ,c\nties1 ,arizona4 ,) annotations by ,j4 ,a4 ,all54 ,auk1 ,,iii1 #bdi-beh2 #chc-chi2 #dba-dcb2 ,,iv1 pp4 #af-bd2 #aif-bje2 ,v1 pp4 #bi-cf2 #aei-afh2 #bdf species4--#ahhg4 ,,morcom1 ,g4 7,see ,cali=nia74--#ahij4 ,,me>ns1 ,e4 ,a4 ,obs]vations on ! ,avifauna ( ,portions ( ,arizona4 ,auk1 ,,vii1 pp4 #de-ee2 #bea-bfd2 #ajj species4--#ahij4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,results ( a ,biological ,survey ( ! ,san ,francisco ,m\nta9 region & ,des]t ( ! ,little ,colorado 9 ,arizona4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #c4 ,"p ,,iv1 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ,birds ( ! ,san ,francisco ,m\nta9 ,plateau & ,des]t ( ! ,little ,colorado ,riv]1 ,arizona1 pp4 #he-aja2 #aea species4--#ahib4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 7,see ,texas74--#ahic4 ,,fi%]1 ,a4 ,k4 7,see ,cali=nia74--#aijc4 ,,osgood1 ,w4 ,h4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds obs]v$ 9 ,co*ise ,c\nty1 ,arizona4 ,! ,condor1 ,v1 pp4 #abh-aca2 #adi-aea2 #abc species4--#aijd4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,birds ( ! ,hua*uca ,m\nta9s1 ,arizona4 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna1 ,no4 #d4 ,coop] ,orn4 ,club1 #hvo1 pp4 #gj2 #aie species4--#aije4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,papago ,indian ,res]vation & ( ! ,santa ,rita ,m\nta9s1 ,arizona4 ,! ,condor1 ,,vi1 pp4 #bb-bh2 #dg-ej2 #gg-ha2 #fefh2 species4--#aijh4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,"s ,fall ,migration ,notes f ,hua*uca ,m\nta9s1 ,arizona4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #ajg-aaf2 #aji species4--#aiaj4 ,,vi%]1 ,s4 ,s4 ,notes ( ! ,birds ( ,pima ,c\nty1 ,arizona4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #bgi-bhh2 #abg species4 ,,arkansas #aiaa4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,arkansas4 ,bull4 ,no4 #ch1 ,biological ,survey4 #hvo1 pp4 #ajj1 #a map2 #bee species4 ,,cali=nia,e ,e ,see ,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,a ,bibliography ( ,cali=nia ,orni?ology4 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna1 ,no4 #e4 #ahdf-dg4 ,,gambel1 ,w4 ,rem>ks on ! ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,upp] ,cali=nia ) ,descriptions ( ,new ,species4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,iii1 pp4 #dd-dh2 #aaj-aad2 #aed-aeh2 #bjj-bjd2 #hb species 7see also ,j\rn4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 #ahdg1 pp4 #be-ef2 #ahdi1 pp4 #bae-bbi2 #agf species74--#ahec4 ,,h]rmann1 ,a4 ,l4 ,notes on ! ,l& ,birds ( ,cali=nia1 obs]v$ dur+ a resid5ce ( ?ree ye>s 9 t c\ntry4 ,j\rn4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,ii1 pp4 #bei-bgb2 #acj species4--#aheg4 ,,newb]ry1 ,j4 ,s4 ,report on ! ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,cali=nia & ,oregon4 ,pac4 ,r4 ,r4 ,rep4 ,vol4 ,,vi1 ,"p ,,vi1 pp4 #gc-aaj2 #agd species4--#ahei4 ,,h]rmann1 ,a4 ,l4 ,report on ,birds ,collect$ on ! ,survey4 ,pac4 ,r4 ,r4 ,rep4 ,vol4 ,x1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #bi-hj2 #ahj species4--#ahei4 ,,xantus1 ,j4 ,catalogue ( ,birds ,collect$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,=t ,tejon1 ,cali=nia1 ) a description ( a new species ( ,syrnium4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,xi1 pp4 #ahi-aic2 #add species4--#ahff4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 7,see ,arizona74--#ahgj4 ,,coop]1 ,j4 ,g4 ,! ,fauna ( ,cali=nia & its geographical ,di/ribution4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,iv1 pp4 #fa-ha4--ahge4 ,,coop]1 ,j4 ,g4 ,new ,facts relat+ to ,cali=nia ,orni?ology4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,,vi1 #ahge1 pp4 #ahi-bjb2 #de species4--#ahge4 ,,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 7,see ,utah74--#ahgf4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,report on ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,portions ( ,cali=nia visit$ dur+ ! ,field ,season ( #ahge2 pp4 #bbd-bgh4 ,annual ,report ^u ! ,geographical ,surveys ,we/ ( ! ,"o ,hundr$? ,m]idian4 ,notes f ,santa ,cruz ,isl&1 ,santa ,b>b>a1 region ab\t ,mt4 ,:itney1 ,k]nville1 & ,walk]'s ,bas92 #bjd species4--#ahgg4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 7,see ,nevada74--#ahgg4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 7,see ,nevada74--#ahgi4 ,,beld+1 ,l4 ,p>tial ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,c5tral ,cali=nia4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,ridgway4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,i1 pp4 #chh-ddi2 #bbj species4--#ahgi4 ,,coop]1 ,j4 ,g4 ,on ,migration & ,ne/+ ,habits ( ,we/-,coa/ ,birds4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bda-bea4--ahhj4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 7,see ,nevada74--#ahhf4 ,,ev]mann1 ,b4 ,w4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds obs]v$ 9 ,v5tura ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #hf-id1 #agi-ahf2 #bjj species4 7,see also ,coop]1 ,ibid41 ,,iv1 pp4 #he-id74--ahhf4 ,,/reator1 ,c4 ,p4 ,li/ ( ,birds obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,santa ,b>b>a1 ,cal41 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahhe4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xi1 pp4 #ea1 #eb1 #ff1 #fg1 #hi1 #ij1 #ajg2 #ahg species4--#ahhg4 ,,blake1 ,e4 ,w4 ,,jr4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,santa ,cruz ,isl&1 ,cali=nia4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 pp4 #cbh-ccj2 #bh species4--#ahhg4 ,,morcom1 ,g4 ,f4 ,notes on ! birds ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia & ,s\?we/]n ,arizona4 ,bull4 ,no4 #b1 ,ridgw4 ,orn4 ,club1 pp4 #cf-eg2 #aci species4--#ahhg4 ,,/reator1 ,c4 ,p4 ,! ,wat] ,birds ( ,san ,miguel ,isl&4 ,proc4 ,santa ,b>b>a ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,bull4 ,no4 ,i1 pp4 #ba-bc2 #aj species4--#ahhg4 ,,taylor1 ,h4 ,r4 ,trip to ! ,f>allone ,isl&s4 ,orn4 & ,,oal4 ,,xii1 pp4 #da-dc3 #ab species4--#ahhg4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,h4 ,field-,notes on ! ,mammals1 ,birds1 & ,reptiles ( ,nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,x1 pp4 #aei-bda2 ,birds1 pp4 #aij-bcg2 #bfa species4--#ahhh4444 ,,bryant1 ,w4 ,e4 ,birds & ,eggs f ! ,f>allon ,isl&s4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #bnd ,s]4 ,i2 #ahhg1 pp4 #be-ej2 #ha species4--#ahhh4 ,,/reator1 ,c4 ,p4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,santa ,b>b>a ,isl&s4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #eb-ed4--ahij4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 7,see ,l[] ,cali=nia74--#ahij-ia4 ,,keel]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ,l& ,birds 9 ,cali=nia4 ,zoe1 ,i1 #ahij1 pp4 #bbe-bcj2 #beg-bfj2 #bie-bii2 #ccg-cdc2 #ahia1 #cfi-cgc4--ahic4 ,,fi%]1 ,a4 ,k4 ,report on ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,dea? ,valley ,exp$ition ,n4 ,a4 ,fauna1 ,no4 #g1 pp4 #g-aeh2 #bij species4--#ahie4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,cali=nia ,wat] ,birds4 ,no4 #a--,mont]ey & ,vic9ity f ! ,middle ( ,june to ! end ( ,augu/4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,s]4 #b1 ,v4 pp4 #agg-bbd2 map2 #dd species4--#ahif4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,cali=nia ,wat] ,birds1 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,vic9ity ( ,mont]ey 9 ,midw9t]4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,s]4 #b1 ,,vi1 pp4 #a-cj2 #a map2 #dc species4 ,,iii1 ,s\? ,f>allon 9 ,july1 ,ibid41 pp4 #cec-cff2 #b maps2 #aj species4--#ahif4 ,,m]riam1 ,f4 ,a4 ,a-bird+ on a ,bronco 9 ,san ,diego ,co4 #afmo1 pp4 x#bbf2 ills4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co4--#ahig4 ,,b>l[1 ,c4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,f>allones4 ,ob4 #afmo1 #cb pp4 ills4 ,h4 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,alam$a4--#ahig4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,report on ,birds ,record$ dur+ a ,visit to ! ,isl&s ( ,santa ,b>b>a1 ,san ,nicolas1 & ,san ,clem5te 9 ! spr+ ( #ahig2 pp4 #bf4--ahih4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,birds ( ! ,pacific ,slope ( ,los ,angeles ,c\nty4 ,pub4 ,no4 ,,ii1 ,pasad5a ,acad4 ,sci41 pp4 #eb2 #cjj species4--#ahih4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,l& ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,midw9t] on ,santa ,catal9a ,isl&1 ,cali=nia4 ,auk1 ,,xv1 pp4 #bcc-bcf2 #bi species4--#ahii4 ,,keel]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,bird ,notes ,afield4 #abmo1 pp4 viii#cec4 ,d4 ,p4 ,eld] ,morgan ,%epp>d1 ,san ,francisco4--#ahii4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,results ( a ,biological ,survey ( ,m\nt ,%a/a1 ,cali=nia4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,fauna1 ,no4 #af1 ,birds1 pp4 #aji-acd2 #acf species4--#aijj4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,cali=nia ,wat] ,birds4 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,vic9ity ( ,mont]ey 9 ,autumn4 ,proc4 ,calif4 ,acad4 ,sci4 #c;d ,s]4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bgg-cbb2 #a map2 #db species4 ,v4 ,vic9ity ( ,mont]ey 9 ,may & ,e>ly ,june1 ,ibid41 pp4 #cdi-cfc2 #cf species4--#aijj4 ,,maill>d1 ,j4 ,l& ,birds ( ,m>9 ,c\nty1 ,cal4 ,! ,condor1 ,,ii1 pp4 #fb-fh2 #acg species4--#aijj4 ,,sw>?1 ,h4 ,s4 ,avifauna ( a #ajj-;acre ,ran* at ,los ,angeles4 ,! ,condor1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ad-af2 #cg-da2 #age species4--#aija4 ,,b>l[1 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l& ,birds ( ! ,plac]ville-,lake ,tahoe ,/age ,road4 ,! ,condor1 ,,iii1 pp4 #aea-ahd2 #acj species4--#aija4 ,,maill>d1 ,j4 & ,j ,w4 ,birds ,record$ at ,paic9es1 ,san ,b5ito ,co41 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor1 ,,iii1 pp4 #abj-abg2 #afh species4--#aija4 ,mc,g,r,e,g,o,r1 ,r4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l& ,birds ( ,santa ,cruz ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna ,no4 #b4 ,coop] ,orn4 ,club1 pp4 #bb2 #aci species4--#aijb4 ,,fi%]1 ,w4 ,k4 ,! ,r$wood ,belt ( ,nor?we/]n ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor1 ,,iv1 ,faunal ,peculi>ities1 pp4 #aaa-aad2 ,l&-,birds1 #aca-ace2 #fc species4--#aijb4 ,,fi%]1 ,w4 ,k4 ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,santa ,cl>a ,valley & ,santa ,cruz ,m\nta9s1 exclusive ( ,wat]-,birds4 ,bailey's ,h&book ( ,birds ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 pp4 li-lvi2 #adg species4--#aijb4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,*eck-,li/ ( ,cali=nia ,birds4 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna1 ,no4 #c1 ,coop] ,orn4 ,club1 #ib pp42 #b maps2 #dia species4--#aijb4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,li/ ( ,birds to be look$ = 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,pasad5a4 ,bailey's ,h&book ( ,birds ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 pp4 lvi-lxiv2 #aia species4--#aijb4 ,,kobbe1 ,w4 ,h4 ,li/ ( ,wat] ,birds ( ,san ,francisco ,bay4 ,bailey's ,h&book ( ,birds ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 pp4 lviii-#a2 #ia species4--#aijc4 ,,&]son1 ,m4 ,p41 & ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,birds ( ! ,siskiy\ ,m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia3 ,a ,problem 9 ,di/ribution4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 pp4 #d-ae2 #dc species4--#aijc4 ,,ka$+1 ,h4 ,b4 ,bird-,life on ! ,f>allones4 ,! ,condor1 ,v1 pp4 #aba-abg2 #ag species4--#aijc4 ,,ray1 ,m4 ,s4 ,a ,li/ ( ,l& ,birds ( ,lake ,valley1 ,c5tral ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,auk1 pp4 #ahj-aic2 #aji species4--#aijc4 ,,/eph5s1 ,f4 ,bird ,notes f ,ea/]n ,cali=nia & ,we/]n ,arizona4 ,! ,condor1 ,v1 pp4 #ge-gh2 #ajj-aje2 #aai species4--#aijd4 ,,em]son1 ,w4 ,o4 ,! ,f>allones ,revisit$1 #ahhg-aijc4 ,! ,condor1 ,,vi1 pp4 #fa-fg4--aijd4 ,,ray1 ,m4 ,s4 ,a ,=tnight on ! ,f>allones4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxi1 pp4 #dbe-ddb2 #ad species4--#aijd4 ,,:eelock1 ,j4 ,g4 ,birds ( ,cali=nia3 ,an ,introduction to m ?an ,?ree ,hundr$ ,common ,birds ( ! ,/ate & ,adjac5t ,isl&s4 #abmo4 xxviii#egh pp42 ills4 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg ,co4--#aije4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,m\nt ,p9os1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxii1 pp4 #cgh-cia2 #gc species4--#aijf4 ,,dixon1 ,j4 ,l& ,birds ( ,san ,on(re1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor1 ,,viii1 pp4 #ia-ih2 #fc species4--#aijf4 ,,ray1 ,m4 ,s4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,san ,francisco ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,condor1 ,,viii1 pp4 #db-dd2 #dd species4--#aijg4 ,,beal1 ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,birds ( ,cali=nia 9 ,relation to ! ,fruit ,indu/ry4 ,bull4 ,no4 #cj1 ,biological ,survey1 pp4 #ajj4--aijh4 ,,goldman1 ,e4 ,a4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,tul>e ,lake ,region4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #bjj-bje2 #hc species4--#aijh4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,! ,biota ( ! ,san ,b]n>d9o ,m\nta9s4 ,univ4 ,cal4 ,publ4 ,zool4 ,v1 ,i1 #agj pp4 xxiv plls4 ,birds1 pp4 #ej-ed2 #aci species4--#aijh4 ,,holli/]1 ,n4 ,birds ( ! ,region ab\t ,ne$les1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #dee-dfb2 #ff species4--#aiaj4 ,,beck1 ,r4 ,h4 ,wat] ,birds ( ! ,vic9ity ( ,po9t ,p9os1 ,cali=nia4 ,proc4 ,cal4 ,acad4 ,sci41 ,s]4 #d1 ,,iii1 pp4 #eg-gb2 #id species4--#aijh4 ,,l9ton1 ,c4 ,b4 ,notes f ,san ,clem5te ,isl&4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #hb-hf2 #eh species4--#aijh4 ,,l9ton1 ,c4 ,b4 ,notes f ,santa ,cruz ,isl&4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #abd-abi2 #hh species 7,see also ,ibid1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #bjh-baj74--aiaa4 ,,dawson1 ,w4 ,l4 ,ano!r ,=tnight on ! ,f>allones4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #aga-ahc2 #dc species4--#aiaa4 ,,van ,,rossem1 ,a4 ,w9t] ,birds ( ! ,salton ,sea ,region4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #abi-acg2 #gb species4--#aiab4 ,,lamb1 ,c4 ,birds ( ,mohave ,des]t ,oasis4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiv1 pp4 #cb-dj2 #acc species4--#aiab4 ,,willett1 ,g4 ,birds ( ! ,pacific ,slope ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ,pacific ,coa/ ,avifauna ,no4 #g4 ,coop] ,orn4 ,club1 pp4 #abb2 #cgg species4--#aiab4 ,,gr9nell1 ,j4 ,a ,sy/ematic ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,cali=nia4 ,ibid41 ,no4 #h1 pp4 #bc2 #ecj species4 ,,colorado #ahgb4 ,,aik51 ,c4 ,e41 & ,,hold51 ,c4 ,h4 ,jr4 7,see ,wyom+74--#ahgc4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,! ,birds ( ,colorado4 ,bull4 ,essex ,in/4 ,v1 pp4 #agd-aie4 ,di/ribution tables & #bdc species4 ,bas$ on ! ,obs]vations ( ,c4 ,e4 ,aik54--#ahgd4 ,,y>r[1 ,h4 ,c41 & ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 7,see ,utah74--#ahha4 ,,drew1 ,f4 ,m4 ,field ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,san ,juan ,co4 ,colorado4 ,bull4 ,nutt4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,,vi1 pp #he-ia2 #ach-adc2 #ajd species4--#ahhc4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a41 & ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,colorado ,spr+s1 ,colorado1 ,dur+ ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,may1 #ahhb4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c4 ,,viii1 pp4 #aea-afa2 #ahi-aih2 #acd species4--#ahhe4 ,,drew1 ,f4 ,on ! ,v]tical ,range ( ,birds 9 ,colorado4 ,auk1 ,,ii1 pp4 #aa-ah2 #bgg species4 7,see also #aj additions by ,h4 ,smi?1 ,jr41 & ,a4 ,w4 ,an?ony1 ,ibid41 ,,iii1 #ahhf1 pp4 #bhd-bhf1 & also #bj species by ,p4 ,m4 ,?orne1 ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #ahhg1 pp4 #bfd1 #bfe74--ahhe4 ,,h(fman1 ,w4 ,j4 7,see ,montana74--#ahhh-ij4 ,,morrison1 ,c4 ,f4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,colorado4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #ade1 #adh1 #afe-afh1 #aha-ahc2 ,,xiv1 #ahhi1 pp4 #f-i #fe-fh1 #ade-aej2 ,,xv1 #ahij1 pp4 #cf-ch4 7,to be cont9u$47 #bcc species to ,junco1 inclusive4--#ahij4 ,,kellogg1 ,v4 ,l4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,e/es ,p>k1 ,colorado1 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,,xii1 pp4 #hj-ij4--ahig4 ,,cooke1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,colorado4 ,bull4 #cg1 ,/ate ,agricultural ,college1 ,ft4 ,coll9s1 pp4 #add2 #cfj species2 bibliography 7,see also #ahih1 ,bull4 #dd1 fir/ app5dix1 #aijj1 ,bull4 ,no4 #ef1 second app5dix2 & #aiji4 ,! ,auk1 pp4 #djj-dbb1 ?ird supplem5t1 increas+ total numb] ( species to #cig74--aijb4 ,,keys]1 ,l4 ,s4 ,birds ( ! ,rockies4 ,) a ,complete ,*eck-,li/ ( ,colorado ,birds4 #hvo1 xii#cee pp2 ills4 ,mc,clurg1 ,*icago4--#aijh4 ,,rockwell1 ,r4 ,b4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,mesa ,c\nty1 ,colorado4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #aeb-ahj2 #bjc species4--#aijh4 ,,w>r51 ,e4 ,r4 ,nor?we/]n ,colorado ,bird ,notes4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #ah-bf2 #ic species4--#aiji4 ,,felg]1 ,a4 ,h4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,wat] ,birds ( ,weld1 ,morgan & ,adams ,c\nties1 ,colorado1 s\? to ! fir/ sectional l9e bel[ ! ,=tie? ,p>allel4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #bgb-bia2 #c maps2 #ajg species1 7see also ,h]sey1 ,l4 ,j4 & ,rockwell1 ,r4 ,b4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xi1 #aiji1 pp4 #aaj-abb1 & ,rockwell1 ,ibid41 ,,xiv1 pp4 #aag-aca74--aiji4 ,,h5d]son1 ,j4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,b\ld] ,co41 ,colorado4 ,univ4 ,colo41 ,/udies1 ,,vi1 pp4 #bai-bdb--aiaj4--;,,felg]1 ,a4 ,h4 ,birds & ,mammals ( ,nor?we/]n ,colorado1 ,univ4 ,/udies ,colo4 ,mus41 ,,vii1 #b1 pp4 #acb-adf2 #acc species4--#aiaj4 ,,w>r51 ,e4 ,r4 ,"s ,c5tral ,colorado ,bird ,notes4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xii1 pp4 #bc-ci2 #abg species4--#aiaa4 ,,widmann1 ,o4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,e/es ,p>k1 ,colorado1 f ,june #aj1 to ,july #ah1 #aiaj4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxviii1 pp4 #cjd-cai2 #ij species4--#aiab4 ,,cooke1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,pres5t ,/atus ( ! ,colorado ,*eck-,li/ ( ,birds4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiv1 pp4 #adg-aec4 ,admits #djc species4--#aiab4 ,,sclat]1 ,w4 ,l4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,birds ( ,colorado4 ,)]by ,co41 ,london1 #hvo1 pp4 xxiv#egf2 plls4 xvii2 #cib species2 important4 ,,connecticut #ahdc4 ,,l9sley1 ,j4 ,h4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,connecticut4 ,am4 ,j\rn4 ,sci4 & ,arts1 ,,xliv1 pp4 #bdi-bgd1 #cjb species4 ,see also ,ibid41 ,,xlvi1 #ahdd1 pp4 #ej1 #ea4--ahgg4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,a ,review ( ! ,birds ( ,connecticut1 ) ,rem>ks on _! ,habits4 ,trans1 ( ! ,conn4 ,acad41 ,,iv1 pp4 #a-afe2 #bib species4--#ahhg4 ,,platt1 ,f4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,m]id51 ,conn4 ,trans4 ,m]id5 ,sci5tific ,assoc1 ,,ii1 #ahhe-hf1 pp4 #cj-ec2 ,,iii1 p4 #da2 #aaf species4--#ahib4 ,,av]ill1 ,c4 ,k41 ,,jr41 ,li/ ( ,birds ,f\nd 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,bridgeport1 ,connecticut4 ,bridgeport ,sci5tific ,society1 #hvo1 pp4 #a-ai1 #bdf species4--#aijf4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 7,see ,new ,york74--#aijh4 ,,committee4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,new ,hav5 ,region4 ,bull4 ,no4 #a1 ,new ,hav5 ,bird ,club1 pp4 #a-cb2 #bag species4 ,,dakota 7,,nor? & ,,s\?7 #ahge4 ,,gr9nell1 ,g4 ,b4 ,report ( a ,reconnaissance ( ! ,black ,hills ( ,dakota1 made 9 ! summ] ( #ahgd4 ,by ,william ,ludl[4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,birds1 pp4 #he-ajb2 #aaj species4--#ahge4 ,,h(fman1 ,w4 ,j4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,gr& ,riv] ,ag5cy1 ,dakota ,t]41 f ,octob] #g?1 #ahgb1 to ,june #g?1 #ahgc4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xviii1 pp4 #afi-age2 #gi species4--#ahgg4 ,mc,c,h,e,s,n,e,y1 ,c4 ,e41 ,m4 ,d4 ,birds ( ! ,coteau des ,prairies ( ,ea/]n ,dakota4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,viii1 pp4 #agf1 #agg1 #aib1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bfa2 #ajb species4--#aija-b4 ,,b5t1 ,a4 ,c4 ,ne/+ habits ( ! ,anatid,a 9 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,auk1 ,,xviii1 pp2 #cbh-ccf2 ,,xix1 pp4 #aa-ab2 #afe-agd2 #af species4--#aijh4 ,,reagan1 ,a4 ,b4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,rosebud ,indian ,res]vation1 ,s\? ,dakota4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #dfb-dfg2 #ajh species4--#aiji4 ,,vi%]1 ,s4 ,s4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( we/]n ,s\? ,dakota4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #add-aec2 #aid species4--#aiaa4 ,,vi%]1 ,s4 ,s4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,h>d+ ,c\nty1 ,nor?we/]n ,s\? ,dakota4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxviii1 pp4 #e-af2 #aed species4 ,,delaw>e #aije4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n41 & ,,p5nock1 ,c4 ,j4 ,birds ( ,delaw>e3 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/4 ,auk1 ,,xxii1 #aije1 pp4 #aid-bje2 #baa species4 7,see also ,auk1 ,,xxv1 #aijh1 pp4 #bhb-bhh47--ahig-aijh4 ,,/one1 ,w41 ,editor4 ,num]\s ,notes on ,delaw>e ,birds4 ,proc4 ,del4 ,valley ,orn4 ,club1 ,phila4 ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia #ahhc4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 & ,,pr5tiss1 ,d4 ,w4 ,avifauna ,columbiana1 ,second ,edition4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,natl4 ,mus4 ,no4 #bf1 #hvo1 pp4 #a-acc1 _m woodcuts1 #d maps1 #bdh species4--#ahhh4 ,,ri*mond1 ,c4 ,w4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ,birds ,bre$+ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #ah-be2 #ajj species4--#ahhh4 ,,smi?1 ,,hugh ,m41 & ,,palm]1 ,,william4 ,additions to ! ,avifauna ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & ,vic9ity4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #adg1 #adh4 ,adds #ab species to ,c\es' & ,pr5tiss' li/ ( #ahhc4--ahih4 ,,mayn>d1 ,l4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,wa%+ton & ,vic9ity1 ) ,introduction by ,flor5ce ,a4 ,m]riam4 #abmo4 #bjd pp4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #bia species4 ,,georgia #ahhc4 ,,bailey1 ,h4 ,b4 ,memor&a ( a ,collection ( ,eggs f ,georgia4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,viii1 pp4 #cg-dc2 #ajd species--#aijc4 ,,smi?1 ,r4 ,s4 ,birds ( ,kirkwood1 ,de ,kalb ,co41 ,ga4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xv1 pp4 #di-ei2 #abe species4--#aiji4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,nor!rn ,georgia4 ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #abi-acg2 #gf species4 ,,florida #ahga4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 ,on ! ,mammals & ,w9t] ,birds ( ,ea/ ,florida4 ,bull4 ,mus4 ,comp4 ,zo,al41 ,,ii1 pp4 #afa-dej1 pll4 ix-xiii2 #aha species4--#ahhh4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,ga9esville1 ,florida4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #bfg-bgg2 #adi species4--#ahhh-ij4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,a ,summ>y ( ,obs]vations on ! ,birds ( ! ,gulf ,coa/ ( ,florida4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #cgc-cgi2 ,,vi1 pp4 #ac-ah1 #aeb-afj1 #bde-beb1 #cah-cbf2 ,,vii1 pp4 #ad-bb1 #aad-abj2 #bfb species4--#ahij4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,on ,birds ,obs]v$ at ! ,dry ,tortugas1 ,florida1 dur+ p>ts ( ,m>* & ,april1 #ahij4 ,auk1 ,,vii1 pp4 #cja-cad2 #hj species4--#ahia4 ,,brew/]1 ,w41 & ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,l[] ,suwanee ,riv]4 ,auk1 ,,viii1 pp4 #abe-ach2 #aaf species4 7,see also ,brew/]1 ,ibid41 pp4 #adi-aeg47--ahib4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,caloosahat*ie ,region ( ,florida4 ,auk1 ,,ix1 pp4 #bji-bah1 #bei species4--#ahie4 ,,wayne1 ,a4 ,t4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,wacissa & ,aucilla ,riv] ,regions ( ,florida4 ,auk1 ,,xii1 #ahie1 pp4 #cfb-cfg2 #afa species4--#ahif4 ,,cory1 ,c4 ,b4 ,hunt+ & ,fi%+ 9 ,florida ) a ,key to ! ,wat] ,birds ( ! ,/ate4--#aijd4 ,,williams1 ,r4 ,w41 ,,jr4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,leon ,c\nty1 ,florida4 ,auk1 ,,xxi1 #aijd1 pp4 #ddi-dfb2 #aef species4 7,see also ,ibid41 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #aec-afa2 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #aeh1 #aei47--aijf4 ,,f[l]1 ,h4 ,w4 ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,june 9 ! ,florida ,keys4 ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #cif-djj2 #cc species4 ,,idaho #ahia4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,results ( a ,biological ,reconnaissance ( ,idaho1 s\? ( latitude #de;,a deg4 & ea/ ( ! ?irty-eigh? ,m]idian made dur+ ! summ] ( #ahij4 ,n4 ,a4 ,fauna1 ,no4 #e4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,idaho dur+ ! ,summ] & ,fall ( #ahij1 ) ,notes on ,species previ\sly ,record$ f ! ,/ate1 pp4 #ij-ajh2 #aeg species4--#ahig-h4 ,,m]rill1 ,j4 ,c4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,=t ,%]man1 ,idaho4 ,auk1 ,,xiv1 pp4 #cdg-ceg1 ,,xv1 pp4 #ad-bb2 #aei species4 ,,ill9ois #ahee4 ,,k5nicott1 ,r4 ,catalogue ( ,animals ,obs]v$ 9 ,cook ,c\nty4 ,ill9ois4 ,trans4 ,ill41 ,/ate ,agric4 ,soc4 = #ahec-ed1 ,i1 ,birds1 pp4 #ehj-ehi2 #ahg species4--#ahfh4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 7,see ,i[a74--#ahgd4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,asc]ta9$ to ,occur 9 ,ill9ois4 ,ann4 ,lyc4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,n4 ,y41 ,x1 pp4 #cfd-cid2 #caa species4--#ahgf4 ,,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,nor!a/]n ,ill9ois4 ,bull4 ,essex ,in/41 ,,viii1 pp4 #ij-aee2 #caf species4--#ahgg4 ,,nelson1 ,e4 ,w4 ,notes ^u ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois1 betwe5 ,july #ag & ,septemb] #d1 #ahge4 ,bull4 ,essex4 ,in/41 ,,ix1 pp4 #cb-fe2 #acc species4--#ahha4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,a4 ,revis$ ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,asc]ta9$ to ,occur 9 ,ill9ois4 ,ills4 ,/ate ,lab4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,bull4 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #afa-bjh2 #ceb species4--#ahhd4 ,,cooke1 ,w4 ,w4 ,bird ,migration 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #ddd1 #dde1 #dfc1 #dfd2 #add species bas$ on ,ridgway's li/ ( #ahha1 & obs]vations ( ,cyrus ,w4 ,butl] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,anna1 ,ills41 dur+ ,decemb]1 #ahhb1 & ,janu>y #ahhc4--ahhg4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ,f\nd ,bre$+ ,)9 ! ,corporate ,limits ( ,mt4 ,c>mel1 ,ill9ois4 ,bull4 ,no4 #b1 ,ridgway ,orn4 ,club1 pp4 #bf-ce2 #he species4--#ahij-ahie4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,! ,orni?ology ( ,ill9ois4 ,roy4 #hvo1 ,vol4 ,i1 #ahij1 #ebj pp41 #cb plls4 ,l&-birds to ,gallin,a2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahie1 #bhb pp41 #cc plls4 ,gallin,a & ,wat]-birds2 #cfc species4--#ahia4 ,,l\cks1 ,w4 ,e4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,f\nd ,bre$+ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,peoria1 ,ill9ois4 ,! ,,oalogi/1 ,,viii1 pp4 #bbd-bbf2 #hj species4--#aijd4 ,,walt]1 ,h4 ,e4 & ,a4 ,w4 ,wild ,birds 9 ,city ,p>ks4 ,rev4 ,ed41 ,*icago4 #afmo1 #ff pp42 #ade species4--#aijg4 ,,woodruff1 ,f4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,*icago ,area4 ,*icago ,acad4 ,sci4 ,bull4 ,,vi4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,surv41 #bba pp41 #ab plls42 #cah species4--#aiji4 ,,cory1 ,c4 ,b4 ,birds ( ,ill9ois & ,wiscons94 ,field ,museum1 ,zo,al4 ,s]4 ,,ix1 #hvo4 #gfd pp4 _m ills42 #cih species4--#aiaj4 ,,hess1 ,i4 ,e4 ,"o ,hundr$ ,bre$+ ,birds ( an ,ill9ois ,t5-,mile ,radius4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #ai-cb4 ,,indiana #ahfi4 ,,haymond1 ,r4 ,birds ( ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,cox's ,geol4 ,surv4 ,indiana1 ,rep4 = #ahfi1 pp4 #bji-bce2 #afc species4--#ahhf4 ,,butl]1 ,a4 ,w4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,frankl9 ,co41 ,ind4 ,bull4 ,brookville ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #ab-ci4 #bec species4--#ahhh-hi4 ,,ev]mann1 ,b4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,c>roll ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,auk1 ,v4 pp4 #cdd-cea2 ,,vi1 pp4 #bb-cj2 #bjc species4--#ahia4 ,,butl]1 ,a4 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,indiana1 ) ,illu/rations ( ,_m ( ! ,species4 ,prep>$ = ! ,indiana ,horticultural ,society & ,orig9ally ,publi%$ 9 its ,transactions = #ahij4 #hvo1 #ace pp42 #cje species4--#ahih4 ,,butl]1 ,a4 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,indiana1 a descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,birds t h be5 obs]v$ )9 ! ,/ate ) an acc\nt ( _! ,habits4 ,rep4 ( ! ,/ate ,geologi/1 pp4 #eae-aahg2 #cba species2 bibliography4 ,important4--#aijf4 ,mc,a,t,e,e1 ,w4 ,l4 ,ecological ,notes on ! ,birds ,occurr+ )9 a ,radius ( ,five ,miles ( ! ,indiana ,univ]sity ,campus4 ,proc4 ,ind4 ,acad4 ,sci41 pp4 #fe-bjb1 #cb ills41 #bbe species4 ,,i[a #ahfh4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 ,notes on ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,we/]n ,i[a1 9 ! ,mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]2 also on ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois1 9 ,may & ,june1 & at ,ri*mond1 ,wayne ,co41 ,indiana1 betwe5 ,june ?ird & t5?4 ,mem4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/1 ,i4 pt4 ,,iv1 pp4 #dhh-ebf4 ,ogle ,c\nty1 ,ills41 #hd species2 ,cook ,c\nty1 ,ills41 #id species2 ,ri*mond1 ,ind41 #gb species2 ,we/]n ,i[a1 #ajh species4--#ahgc4 ,,trippe1 ,f4 ,m4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,s\!rn ,i[a4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xv1 pp4 #bbi-bdb2 #afb species4--#ahhh4 ,,keyes1 ,,*>les ,r4 & ,,williams1 ,h4 ,s4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,annotat$ ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,i[a4 ,proc4 ,dav5port ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,v1 #hvo1 #di pp42 #bfj species4--#ahij4 ,,coone1 ,,john ,v4 ,summ] ,resid5ts ( ,bu5a ,vi/a ,c\nty1 ,i[a4 ,! ,,oalogi/1 ,,vii1 pp4 #de-dg2 #eb species4--#ahie4 ,,jones1 ,,lynds4 ,bird ,migration at ,gr9nell1 ,i[a4 ,auk1 ,,xii1 #ahie1 pp4 #aag-acd1 #bca-bcg4--ahig4 ,,&]son1 ,r4 ,m4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,w9nebago & ,hancock ,c\nties1 ,i[a4 ,pub4 by ,au?or1 ,=e/ ,city1 ,i[a4 #afmo1 #ai pp42 #bah species4--#aijf4 ,,wilson1 ,b4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,scott ,co41 ,i[a4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xviii1 pp4 #a-aa2 #aff species4--#aijg4 ,,&]son1 ,r4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ,i[a4 ,proc4 ,dav5port ,acad4 ,sci41 ,,xi1 pp4 #abe-dag2 #cee species4 ,,kansas #ahge4 ,,sn[1 ,f4 ,h4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,kansas4 ,contribut$ to ! ,kansas ,academy ( ,sci5ce4 #hvo1 #ad pp4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bie species4--#ahhf4 ,,goss1 ,n4 ,s4 ,a ,revis$ ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,kansas1 ) ,descriptive ,notes ( ! ,ne/s & ,eggs ( ! ,birds ,kn[n to ,bre$ 9 ! ,/ate4 ,topeka4 #hvo1 vi#gf pp42 #cce species4 7,see also review 9 ,auk1 ,,iii1 #ahhf1 p4 #cii47--ahia4 ,,goss1 ,n4 ,s4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,birds ( ,kansas4 ,illu/rat+ #ebi ,birds4 ,topeka1 ,kansas4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,crane ,co41 ,royal #hvo1 #fib pp41 #ce photogravure plates2 #cdc species4--#ahii4 ,,lantz1 ,d4 ,e4 ,a ,review ( ,kansas ,orni?ology4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #ahif-g1 pp4 #bbd-bgf2 #cea species4--#aijc4 ,,sn[1 ,f4 ,h4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,kansas4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,trans4 ,kans4 ,acad4 ,sci5ces1 ,,xviii1 #bc pp42 #cdb species4--#aiji4 ,,wetmore1 ,a4 ,fall ,notes f ,ea/]n ,kansas4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xi1 pp4 #aed-afd2 #gd species4--#aiab4 ,,iseley1 ,d4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,s$gwick ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxix1 pp4 #be-dc2 #bjh species4 ,,k5tucky #ahhb4 ,,beckham1 ,c4 ,w4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,b>d/[n1 ,nelson ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,j\rn4 ,c9c4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,vi1 pp4 #acf-adg2 #afg species4--#ahhe4 ,,beckham1 ,c4 ,w4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,nelson ,c\nty4 ,k5tucky ,geol4 ,surv41 ,john ,r4 ,proctor1 ,director4 ,au?or's ,edition1 #dto1 pp4 #a-eh2 #aga species4--#ahhg4 ,,p9d>1 ,l4 ,o4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,fulton ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,orn4 & ,,oal4 ,,xii1 pp4 #ed1 #ee1 #hd1 #he2 #abb species4--#ahhi4 ,,p9d>1 ,l4 ,o4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,fulton ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,auk1 ,,vi1 pp4 #caj-caf1 #ahc species4--#aiaj4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii pp4 #bie-cjd4 ,k5tucky1 #hj species4 ,,l\isiana #aijj4 ,,bey]1 ,g4 ,e4 ,! ,avifauna ( ,l\isiana4 ,proc4 ,la4 ,soc4 ,nat4 #de pp42 #cbc species4--#aijd4 ,,allison1 ,a4 ,! ,birds ( ,we/ ,baton ,r\ge ,p>i%1 ,l\isiana4 ,auk1 ,,xxi1 #aijd1 pp4 #dgb-dhd2 #acj species4--#aijf4 ,,bey]1 ,g4 ,e41 ,,allison1 ,a41 ,,kopman1 ,h4 ,h4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,l\isiana4 ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 #aijf1 pp4 #a-ae1 #bge-bha1 ,,xxiv1 #cad-cba2 ,,xxv1 #agc-ahj2 #cci-ddh4 #abh species to ,pici4--#aijh4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,w9t] ,birds ( ,nor!rn ,l\isiana ,proc4 ,biol4 ,soc4 ,wa%+ton1 ,,xxi1 #aai-abd pp42 #gj species4 ,,ma9e #ahfb4 ,,bo>dman1 ,g4 ,a4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,f\nd 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,calais1 ,ma9e1 & ab\t ! ,isl&s ( ! ,m\? ( ! ,bay ( ,fundy4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,v]rill4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,ix1 pp4 #abb-acb2 #bcf #d species4 7,= #ab additions see ,v]rill1 ,ibid41 pp4 #bcc1 #bcd47--ahfb4 ,,v]rill1 ,a4 ,e4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,f\nd at ,norway1 ,ox=d ,co41 ,ma9e4 ,proc4 ,essex4 ,in/41 ,,iii1 pp4 #acf-afj2 #aei species4--#ahgb4 ,,mayn>d1 ,c4 ,j4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,coos ,co41 ,n4 ,h41 & ,ox=d ,co41 ,ma9e4 ,) notes by ,wm4 ,brew/]1 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xiv1 #ahga1 pp4 #cef-che2 #afd species4--#ahhb4 ,,br[n1 ,n4 ,c4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,kn[n to ,occur 9 ,portl&1 ,ma9e4 ,proc4 ,portl4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,dec4 #ad1 #ahhb1 pp1 #a-cg2 #bej species4 7,see also ,proc4 ,portl4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #ahhi1 pp4 #cg-dj74--aijj4 ,,h[e1 ,r4 ,h41 ,,jr4 ,summ] ,birds ne> ,isleboro & ! ,fox ,isl&s4 ,j\rn4 ,ma9e ,orn4 ,soc4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bh-cb1 ,,iii1 pp4 #ad1 #ae2 ,,iv1 p4 #ah2 #ajj species4--#aijh4 ,,knight1 ,o4 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,ma9e1 ,pub4 by ,au?or1 ,bangor #hvo1 #fic pp41 #cj ills42 #cbg species4 ,,m>yl& #ahie4 ,,kirkwood1 ,f4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,m>yl&4 ,trans4 ,md4 ,acad4 ,sci41 #ahie1 pp4 #bda-chb2 #bij species4--#aijj4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h41 & ,,preble1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ,we/]n ,m>yl&4 ,m>yl& ,geol4 ,surv41 pp4 #bia-cjg2 #ajj species4--#aijd4 ,,eifrig1 ,g4 ,birds ( ,allegany & ,g>rett ,c\nties1 ,we/]n ,m>yl&4 ,auk1 ,,xxi1 #aijd1 pp4 #bcd-bej2 #ahj species4 ,,massa*usetts #ahgj4 ,,mayn>d1 ,c4 ,j4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,massa*usetts4 ,! ,naturali/'s ,guide1 ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #ha-agj2 #bii species4--#ahhf4 ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 ,a ,revis$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,massa*usetts4 ,bull4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,i1 pp4 #bba-bga2 #cdi species4--#ahhg4 ,,cl>k1 ,h4 ,l4 ,! ,birds ( ,amh]/ & ,vic9ity1 ,includ+ ,ne>ly ! ,:ole ( ,hamp%ire ,c\nty1 ,mass4 #hvo4 #ee pp42 #agg species--#ahhh4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,w9*5don1 ,worce/] ,co4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #chf-cic2 #hb species4--#ahhi4 ,,faxon1 ,w4 ,on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,b]k%ire ,c\nty1 ,mass4 ,auk1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ci-df1 #ii-ajg4 ,s\!rn ,b]k%ire1 #gf species2 ,graylock ,m\nta91 #hj species4--#ahhi4 ,,+alls1 ,c4 ,e4 ,birds ( ,templeton & ! ,adjo9+ ,t[ns4 ,g>dn] ,news1 ,,xx1 ,june2 #aee species4 ,n se52 title f ,h[e & ,all54--#ahia4 ,,colburn1 ,w4 ,w41 & ,,morris1 ,r4 ,o4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,connecticut ,valley 9 ,massa*usetts4 #afmo1 #bd pp4 ,spr+field4 ,publi%$ by ! ,au?ors4 #bab species4--#ahia4 ,,wakefield1 ,j4 ,r4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,d$ham4 ,d$ham ,hi/4 ,reg41 ,,ii1 pp4 #gj-gd2 #aha species4 ,n se52 title f ,h[e & ,all54--#ahig4 ,,morse1 ,a4 ,p4 ,birds ( ,wellesley4 ,publi%$ by ,au?or4 ,wellesley4 #afmo1 #ef pp42 #bbd species4--#aijj4 ,,faxon1 ,w41 & ,,h(fmann1 ,r4 ,! ,birds ( ,b]k%ire ,co4 ,coll4 ,b]k%ire ,hi/4 & ,sci4 ,soc41 ,,iii1 pp4 #aji-aff2 #bjj species4--#aija4 ,,h[e1 ,r4 ,h4 ,,jr41 & ,,all51 ,g4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ,massa*usetts4 ,publi%$ by ! ,au?ors4 #hvo1 #aed pp42 #cfb species4--#aija4 ,,morris1 ,r4 ,o4--,! ,birds ( ,spr+field1 ,mass41 & ,vic9ity4 ,h4 ,r4 ,johnson1 ,spr+field4 #hvo1 #ed pp42 #bee species4--#aije4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,essex ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts4 ,memoirs ,nutt4 ,orn4 ,club4 #dto1 #ceb pp4 ,frontispiece & ,map2 #cai species4--#aijf4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,cambridge ,region ( ,massa*usetts4 ,memoirs ,nutt4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,,iv4 #dbf pp41 plls4 #g2 #bdi species4--#aiji4 ,,wright1 ,h4 ,w4 ,birds ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,g>d54 7,h\ghton1 ,miffl971 #afmo1 #bch pp42 #aff species4--#aiab4 ,,morse1 ,a4 ,p4 ,a ,pocket ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,massa*usetts ) especial ref]5ce to ,essex ,c\nty4 ,pp4 #ib4 ,peabody ,academy ,sci5ce1 ,salem4 ,,mi*igan #aheg4 ,,kneel&1 ,s4 ,on ! ,birds ( ,keewe5an ,po9t1 ,lake ,sup]ior1 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/1 ,,vi1 #bca-bda pp42 #adg species4--#ahge4 ,,boies1 ,a4 ,h4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ,asc]ta9$ to ,occur 9 ,s\!rn ,mi*igan4 #hvo1 #ab pp42 #baa species4--#ahgf4 ,,cov]t1 ,a4 ,b4 ,birds ( ,l[] ,mi*igan4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ii1 #acb1 #afc1 #bad1 #cah1 #ced1 #djb2 ,,vii1 pp4 #adg1 #afd1 #bgf4 7,see also ,,vi1 p4 #aig47 #bac species4--#ahgi4 ,,gibbs1 ,m4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,mi*igan4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geograph4 ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories1 ,v1 #c pp4 #dha-dig2 #caj species4--#ahhj4 ,,/e]e1 ,j4 ,b4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,mammals & ,birds ( ,ann ,arbor & ,vic9ity4 #hvo4 #hpp42 #aaa species ( birds4--#ahhd4 ,,atk9s1 ,h4 ,a4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,locke1 ,mi*igan4 ,orn & ,,oal41 ,,ix1 pp4 #dc-de2 #hj species4--#ahhd4 ,,atk9s1 ,h4 ,a4 ,w9t] ,birds ( ,locke1 ,mi*igan4 ,orn & ,,oal41 ,,ix1 pp4 #ca1 #cb2 #ca species4--#ahhe4 ,,atk9s1 ,h4 ,a4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,locke1 ,mi*igan4 ,orn & ,,oal41 ,x1 p4 #c2 #hb species4--#ahhe4 ,,gibbs1 ,m4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,kalamazoo ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,orn & ,,oal41 ,x1 pp4 #f1 #g1 #ch1 #ci1 #ed1 #ee1 #fh-gj1 #hf1 #hg1 #aah1 #aai1 #acc-ace1 #adi-aea1 #aff1 #afg1 #ahi1 #aij2 #bcj species4--#ahhe-g4 ,,gibbs1 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ,mi*igan4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #dhc1 #dhd2 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #e1 #f1 #bf1 #bg1 #dd1 #de1 #fe1 #hd1 #ajd1 #aje1 #abd1 #abe1 #add1 #ade1 #ahd1 #bbd1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #cjg1 #cdg1 #chg1 #chh1 #dbg2 ,,xxv1 pp4 #d1 #e4 #cjd1 #cje1 #cfe1 #cff2 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cje1 #cjf2 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #abc1 #abd1 #bbc1 #bbd2 #fh species--#ahij4 ,,:ite1 ,t4 ,g4 ,birds ( ,mack9ac ,isl&1 ,mi*igan4 ,! ,,oalogi/1 ,,vii1 pp #dh1 #di2 #aja species4--#ahic4 ,,cook1 ,a4 ,j4 ,birds ( ,mi*igan4 ,bull4 #id1 ,/ate ,agricultural ,college4 #hvo1 #adh pp42 #ccb species4--#ahic4 ,,:ite1 ,s4 ,e4 ,birds ,obs]v$ on ,mack9ac ,isl&1 ,mi*igan1 ,dur+ ! ,summ]s ( #ahhi1 #ahij1 & #ahia4 ,! ,auk1 ,x1 pp4 #bba-bcj2 #adc species4--#ahig4 ,,boies1 ,a4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,neebi% ,isl&1 ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv]1 ,mi*igan4 ,bull4 ,mi*4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,i4 pp4 #ag-bj1 #bg-bi2 #adi species4--#aijc4 ,,swales1 ,b4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,w9t] ,birds ( ,wayne ,co41 ,mi*igan4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xiv1 pp4 #bj-bd2 ,,xv1 #aijd1 p4 #hb2 #ga species4--#aijc4 ,,swales1 ,b4 ,h4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l& ,birds ( ,s\!a/]n ,mi*igan4 ,bull4 ,mi*4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,,iv1 pp4 #ad-ag1 #ce-dj2 ,v1 pp4 #cg-dc2 #afe species4 7,see also ,wilson ,bull4 ,,xvii1 #aije1 p4 #ajh-aad2 ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #bcj-bcb74--aije4 ,,wood1 ,n4 ,a41 & ,,fro?+ham1 ,e4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,au ,sable ,valley1 ,mi*igan4 ,auk1 ,,xxii1 #aije1 pp4 #ci-aed2 #ajc species4--#aijf4 ,,wood1 ,n4 ,a41 ,,peet1 ,m4 ,m41 ,mc,c,r,e,a,r,y1 ,o4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,porcup9e ,m\nta9s #hi species & ,isle ,royale #ha species1 ,mi*4 ,rep4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,mi*41 #aije1 pp4 #aac-abg4 ,see also ,mc,creary1 ,ibid41 pp4 #ef-eg4--aiji4 ,,blackweld]1 ,e4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,iron ,c\nty4 ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #cfc-cgj2 #hj species4--#aiaj4 ,,wood1 ,j4 ,,claire4 ,"s ,w9t] ,birds ( ! ,season #aijh-i 9 ,wayne ,c\nty4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #cf-da4--aiaj4 ,,wood1 ,n4 ,a41 & ,,t9k]1 ,a4 ,d4 ,notes on ,"s ( ! ,r>] ,birds ( ,wa%t5aw ,c\nty4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #abi-ada2 #cd species4--#aiaj4 ,,*aney1 ,r4 ,w4 ,summ] & ,fall ,birds ( ! ,haml9 ,lake ,region1 ,mason ,c\nty4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #bga-bgi2 #aai species4--#aiaa4 ,,wood1 ,n4 ,a4 ,exp$ition to ,*>ity ,isl&s1 ,lake ,huron4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #gh-aab2 #afb species4--#aiab4 ,,b>r[s1 ,w4 ,b4 ,mi*igan ,bird ,life4 ,special ,bull4 ( ,mi*4 ,agric4 ,college4 #hvo1 pp4 xiv #hbb2 _m ills41 bibliography2 important4 ,,m9nesota #ahga4 ,,trippe1 ,t4 ,m4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 ,proc4 ,essex ,in/41 ,,vi1 pp4 #aac-aai2 #ach species4--#ahgd4 ,,hat*1 ,p4 ,l4 ,report on ! ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 ,bull4 ,m9n4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 pp4 #dc-fh2 #bcj species4--#ahgf4 ,,rob]ts1 ,t4 ,s4 ,a ,li/ ( ,"s ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n41 n ,enum]at$ 9 ,dr4 ,hat*'s ,li/4 ,! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly 7,tol$o1 ,ohio71 ,i1 #e1 p4 #bca4--ahhj4 ,,rob]ts1 ,t4 ,s41 & ,,b5n]1 ,f4 ,a ,contribution to ! ,orni?ology ( ,m9nesota4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,v1 pp4 #aa-bj2 #hf species4--#ahha4 ,,hat*1 ,p4 ,l4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 ,n9? ,ann4 ,rep4 ,geol4 & ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,surv4 ,m9n41 = #ahhj1 #ahha1 pp4 #cfa-cgb2 #bha species4--#ahha4 ,,rob]ts1 ,t4 ,s4 ,! ,w9t] ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 #i? ,ann4 ,rep4 ,geol4 & ,n4 ,h4 ,surv4 ,m9n41 = #ahhj-ahha1 pp #cgc-chc2 #eb species4--#ahhc4 ,,brackett1 ,f4 ,h4 ,orni?ological ,notes f ,m9nesota4 ,qu>t4 ,j\rn4 ,bo/4 ,zo,al4 ,soc4 ,,ii1 pp4 #dg-di2 ,,iii1 pp4 #g-af2 #acd species4--#ahij4 ,,cantwell1 ,g4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xv1 p1 #abi-aci4 7,see also p4 #aef & ,,xvi1 p4 #aeg72 #bie species4--#ahib4 ,,hat*1 ,p4 ,l4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,m9nesota4 ,geol4 & ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,survey ( ,m9n4 #hvo1 #dhg pp42 #cjb species4--#aijd4 ,,curri]1 ,e4 ,s4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,lee* ,lake ,region1 ,m9n4 ,auk1 ,,xxi1 pp4 #bi-dd2 #aag species4--#aijg4 ,,rob]ts1 ,t4 ,s4 ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,beck] ,co41 ,m9n41 ,pione] ,hi/4 ( ,beck] ,co4 7,pione] ,press1 ,/4 ,paul71 pp4 #aei-aij2 #bfb species4--#aiaa4 ,,honywill1 ,a4 ,w4 ,,jr4--,notes on "s ,summ] & ,fall ,birds ( ! ,crook$ ,lake ,region4 ,cass & ,cr[1 ,w+ ,c\nties1 ,m9n4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxviii1 pp4 #bbi-bcg2 #hf species4 ,,mississippi #aije4 ,,/ock>d1 ,c4 ,r4 ,ne/+ ,habits ( ,birds 9 ,mississippi4 ,auk1 ,,xxii1 #aije1 pp4 #adf-aeh1 #bgc-bhe2 #hc species4--#aijf4 ,,allison1 ,a4 ,notes on ! ,w9t] ,birds ( ,hancock ,co41 ,miss41 ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 #aijf1 pp4 #dd-dg2 #ea species4 ,also ,ibid41 p4 #bcb4--aijg4 ,,allison1 ,a4 ,notes on ! ,spr+ ,birds ( ,ti%om+o ,c\nty1 ,miss4 ,auk1 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #ab-be4 ,,miss\ri #ahgi4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,notes on ,birds ,obs]v$ ,dur+ ! ,spr+ ,migration 9 ,we/]n ,miss\ri4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,iv1 pp4 #aci-adg2 #adh species4--#ahhd4 ,,hurt] ,j4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,collect$ 9 ! ,neighborhood ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,ix1 pp4 #he-hg1 #ie-ig4 7see also p4 #abh72 #bfe species4--#ahif4 ,,widmann1 ,o4 ,! ,p59sula ( ,miss\ri z a ,w9t] ,home = ,birds4 ,auk1 ,,xiii1 #ahif1 pp4 #baf-bbb4--aijg4 ,,widmann1 ,o4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,miss\ri4 ,trans4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,,xviii1 pp4 #a-bhh2 #chc species--#aijh4 ,,woodruff1 ,e4 ,s4 ,birds ( ,%annon & ,c>t] ,c\nties1 ,miss\ri1 ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #aia-bac2 #agb species4 ,,montana #ahgf4 ,,gr9nell1 ,g4 ,b4 ,report ( a ,reconnaissance f ,c>roll ,montana ,t]ritory on ! ,upp] ,miss\ri1 to ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 & ,return1 made 9 ! summ] ( #ahge by ,william ,ludl[4444 ,birds1 pp4 #gb-ib2 #aci species4--#ahid4 ,,ri*mond1 ,c4 ,w41 & ,,kn[lton1 ,f4 ,h4 ,auk1 ,,xi1 pp4 #bih-cjh2 #aaa species4--#ahie4 ,,?orne1 ,p4 ,m4 ,li/ ( ,birds obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,=t ,keogh1 ,montana1 f ,july #ahhh1 to ,septemb] #ahib4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xii1 pp4 #baa-bai2 #aci species4--#aija4 ,,c>y1 ,m4 ,birds ( ! ,black ,hills4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xviii1 pp4 #bca-bch2 #ia species4--#aija4 ,,sill[ay1 ,p4 ,m4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,fla!ad ,lake4 ,bull1 ,no4 #c ,univ4 ,mont4 #hvo4 #hc pp41 #af plls42 #abc species 7see also1 ,ibid1 ,no4 #f1 pp4 #bhi-cjh74--aijc4 ,,sill[ay1 ,p4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ,f]gus ,c\nty1 ,montana4 ,bull4 ,no4 #a1 ,f]gus ,co4 ,free ,high ,s*ool1 ,lewi/on1 ,mont4 #gg pp41 #ag ppls42 #agi species4--#aijg-h4 ,,cam]on1 ,e4 ,s4 ,! ,birds ( ,cu/] & ,dawson ,c\nties1 ,montana4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxiv1 pp4 #bda-bgj2 #chi-djf2 ,,xxv1 pp4 #cd-ef2 #aib species4--#aiaa4 ,,saund]s1 ,a4 ,a4444 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,gallat9 ,c\nty1 ,montana4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxviii1 pp4 #bf-di2 #aih species4--#aiab4 ,,saund]s1 ,a4 ,a4 ,"s ,birds ( ,s\?we/]n ,montana4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiv1 pp4 #bb-cb2 #aeb species4 ,,nebraska #ahgh4 ,,aughey1 ,s4 ,notes on ! ,nature ( ! ,food ( ! ,birds ( ,nebraska4 ,fir/ ,ann4 ,rep4 ,u4 ,s4 ,ent4 ,com4 = ! ye> #ahgg4 ,app5dix ,,ii1 pp4 #ac-fb2 #beb species4--#ahhc4 ,,hall1 ,a4 ,spr+ ,birds ( ,nebraska4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xx1 pp4 #bfe1 #bff1 #bhd2 #aad species4--#ahhh4 ,,taylor1 ,w4 ,,edg>4 ,a ,catalogue ( ,nebraska ,birds 444 ,ann4 ,rep4 ,nebr4 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agric41 = ! ye> #ahhg1 pp4 #aaa-aah2 #cad species4--#ahhh-hi4 ,,taylor1 ,e4 ,w41 & ,,van ,,vleet1 ,a4 ,h4 ,notes on ,nebraska ,birds4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #di-ea1 #afi-agb2 ,,xiv1 pp4 #afc-afe2 #acg species4--#ahif4 ,,brun]41 ,l4 ,notes on ,nebraska ,birds4 ,rep4 ,neb4 ,/ate ,hort4 ,soc41 #ahif1 pp4 #dh-agh2 #dae species4--#aija4 ,,brun]1 ,l4 ,birds t ,ne/ 9 ,nebraska4 ,proc4 ,nebr4 ,orn4 ,union1 #aija1 pp4 #dh-fa2 #bab species4--#aijd4 ,,brun]1 ,l41 ,,walcott1 ,r4 ,h41 & ,,sw5k1 ,m4 ,h4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,review ( ! ,birds ( ,nebraska1 #a-aafe p42 #djf species4 ,klopp & ,b>tlett1 ,omaha1 ,nebr4--#aiji4 ,,walcott1 ,r4 ,h4 ,an ,analysis ( ,nebraska's ,bird ,fauna4 ,proc4 ,neb4 ,orn4 ,union1 ,,iv1 pp4 #be-ee4 ,,nevada #ahgg4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,annual ,report ^u ! ,survey ,we/ ( ! ,"o-,hundr$? ,m]idian4 ,be+ ,app5dix ,n ,n ( ! ,annual ,report ( ,eng9e]s = #ahgg4 ,report on ! ,orni?ology ( ,portions ( ,nevada & ,cali=nia1 pp4 #acjc-acbb4--ahgg4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,report ( ,geological ,exploration ( ! ,=tie? ,p>allel4 ,cl>5ce ,k+1 ,geologi/1 9 *>ge4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,"p ,,iii1 ,orni?ology1 #dto1 pp4 #cjc-fgj4 ,ma9ly limit$ to t portion ( ! ,great ,bas9 includ$ betwe5 ! ?irty-n9? & =ty-second p>allels & ext5d+ f ! ,si]ra ,nevada to ! ,wasat* ,m\nta9s2 #bfb species4--#ahhj4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,annual ,report ^u ! ,geog4 ,surv4 ( ! ,t]r4 we/ ( ! #ajj? ,m]idian 444 ,app4 ,o4 ,o4 ( ! ,ann4 ,rep4 ( ! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s = #ahgi4 ,app4 ,l4 ,orni?ological ,report f ,obs]vations & ,collections made 9 portions ( ,cali=nia1 ,nevada1 & ,oregon2 pp4 #bhb-cce2 #ahd species4--#ahha4 ,,h(fman1 ,w4 ,j4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,nevada4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geograph4 ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories1 ,,vi1 #b1 pp4 #bjc-bef2 #bej species4--#aijc4 ,,han=d1 ,f4 ,s4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ,wa%oe ,lake1 ,nevada4 ,! ,condor1 ,v1 pp4 #di-eb2 #dh species4--#aiab4 ,,taylor1 ,w4 ,p4 ,field ,notes on ,amphibians1 ,reptiles & ,birds ( ,nor!rn ,humboldt ,c\nty1 ,nevada4 ,univ4 ,pub4 ,zool4 ,,vii1 #aj1 pp4 #cai-dcf2 #ajc species4 ,,new ,,hamp%ire #ahgg4 ,,goodhue1 ,c4 ,f4 ,! ,birds ( ,web/] & ,adjo9+ ,t[ns4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,viii1 pp4 #cc1 #di1 #if1 #aac1 #adf2 #aea species4--#ahgb4 ,,mayn>d1 ,c4 ,j4 ,see ,ma9e4--#ahhg4 ,,*adb\rne1 ,a4 ,p4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,presid5tial ,range ( ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 ,n4 ,h4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 pp4 #ajj-ajh2 #dg species4--#ahhh4 ,,faxon1 ,w41 & ,,all51 ,j4 ,a4 ,notes on ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,hold]ness #fe species1 ,be?lehem #ej species1 & ,franconia1 ,n4 ,h4 #hg species4 ,auk1 ,v4 pp4 #adi-aee4--ahhi4 ,,all51 ,f4 ,h4 ,summ] ,birds at ,bridgewat]1 ,n4 ,h4 ,auk1 ,,vi1 pp4 #gf-gi4--ahhb4 ,,kn[lton1 ,f4 ,h4 ,a ,revis$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,br&on1 ,vt4 ,! ,br&on ,union1 ,febru>y #aj1 #ahhb2 #adi species4--#ahii4 ,,de>born1 ,n4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,belknap & ,m]rimac ,c\nties1 ,n4 ,h4 ,new ,hamp%ire ,college1 ,durham1 #hvo1 #cd pp42 #age species4--#aijj4 ,,bat*eld]1 ,f4 ,w4 & ,,fogg1 ,e4 ,h4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,birds444 ( ,man*e/]1 ,n4 ,h4 ,proc4 ,man*e/] ,in/4 ,arts & ,sci41 ,i1 pp4 #abc-ach2 #acb species4 7,see also ,proc4 = #aija1 #aijb47--aijj ,,de>born1 ,n4 ,! ,birds ( ,durham & ,vic9ity4 ,cont4 ,zo,al4 ,lab4 ,n4 ,h4 ,college ,agric4 & ,me*4 ,arts1 ,,vi1 #aba pp41 map4--#aijd4 ,,all51 ,g4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,proc4 ,man*e/] ,in/4 ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,,iv1 pp4 #bc-bbb2 #bhc species4--#aijd4 ,,comey1 ,a4 ,c4 ,a ,p>tial ,li/ ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,hold]ness1 ,n4 ,h4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xvi1 #e-i pp42 #id species4 ,,new ,,j]sey #ahhe4 ,,b>rell1 ,h4 ,f4 ,birds ( ! ,upp] ,passaic ,valley1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,x1 pp4 #ba-bc1 #db1 #dc2 #adi species4--#ahhg4 ,,?urb]1 ,e4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,morris ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,true ,democratic ,bann] 7newspap]71 ,morri/[n1 ,n4 ,j41 ,nov4 #aj1 #ag1 #bd2 #bje species4--#ahid4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,j]sey4 #hvo1 #ahe pp4 ,del4 ,valley ,orn4 ,club1 ,phila42 #cdf species4--#ahid4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,p9e ,b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,auk1 ,,xi1 #ahid1 pp4 #ach-adj2 #ij species4--#ahig-aiaj4 ,,/one1 ,w41 ,editor4 ,num]\s ,notes on ,birds ( ,*iefly ,s\!rn ,new ,j]sey4 ,proc4 ,del4 ,valley ,orn4 ,club1 ,phila4--#aija4 ,,babson1 ,w4 ,a4 ,! ,birds ( ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,bull4 ,bird ,club1 ,pr9ceton ,univ4 ,i1 pp4 #g-bh2 #bcj species4--#aijf4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 7,see ,new ,york47--#aijg4 ,,holmes1 ,l4 ,k4 ,birds ,f\nd )9 a ,radius ( #ab ,miles ( ,summit1 ,n4 ,j4 ,wilson ,bull4 ,,xix1 pp4 #ba-bg2 #bja species4 ,see also li/ ( ,summ] ,birds1 ,ibid41 ,,xvii1 pp4 #h-ab2 & ,hann1 ,li/ ( ,summ] ,birds1 ,ibid41 pp4 #aag-abb4--aiji4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,ann4 ,rep4 ,n4 ,j4 ,/ate ,museum = #aijh1 pp4 #aa-cdg1 #dji-dai2 plls4 #a-hd4--aiji4 ,,baily1 ,w4 ,l4 ,bre$+ ,birds ( ,passaic & ,sussex ,c\nties4 ,cass9ia1 pp4 #bi-cf2 #id species4 ,,new ,,mexico #ahec4 ,,woodh\se1 ,s4 ,w4 7,see ,arizona7--#ahei4 ,,h5ry1 ,t4 ,c4 ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,new ,mexico z compil$ f ,notes & ,obs]vations made :ile 9 t ,t]ritory dur+ a resid5ce ( ,six ,ye>s4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 ,,xi1 pp4 #ajd-aji2 #aih species4--#ahhe-f4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ,summ] & ,fall on ! ,upp] ,pecos ,riv]1 ,new ,mexico4 ,auk1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cbf-ccc2 ,,iii1 pp4 #gc-hj2 #hj species4--#ahib4 ,,an?ony1 ,a4 ,w4 ,birds ( ,s\?we/]n ,new ,mexico4 ,auk1 ,,ix1 pp4 #ceg-cfi2 #abi species4--#ahih4 ,,mit*ell1 ,w4 ,i4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ,san ,miguel ,c\nty1 ,new ,mexico4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xv1 pp4 #cjf-caa2 #he species4 7,see also1 ,bailey1 ,ibid41 ,,xxi1 #aijd1 pp4 #ddc-ddi74--aijd4 ,,bailey1 ,f4 ,m4 ,additional ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,upp] ,pecos4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxi1 pp4 #cdi-cfc2 #ic species4--#aijf4 ,,hunn1 ,j4 ,t4 ,s4 ,notes on ,birds ( ,silv] ,city1 ,new ,mexico4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #dah-dbe2 #aab species4--#aijh4 ,,gilman1 ,m4 ,f4 ,birds on ! ,navajo ,res]vation 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,! ,condor1 ,x1 pp4 #adf-aeb2 #ajh species4--#aiab4 ,,b]gtold1 ,w4 ,h4 ,octob] ,birds ( ! ,headwat]s ( ! ,gila ,riv]1 ,new ,mexico4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxix1 pp4 #cbg-ccf2 #gf species4 ,,new ,,york #ahdd4 ,,giraud1 ,j4 ,p41 ,,jr4 ,! ,birds ( ,long ,isl& 444 ,new ,york1 vol4 ,v1 #hvo1 #cig pp42 #bhf species4--#ahdd4 ,,de ,,kay1 ,,james ,e4 ,zo,alogy ( ,new ,york4 ,"p ,,ii1 ,birds4 ,albany4 #a vol41 #dto1 xii#chj pp41 #ada col4 plls4--#ahgf4 ,,f[l]1 ,h4 ,g4 ,birds ( ,c5tral ,new ,york4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ahj1 #bcc1 #bhd1 #ccg1 #djb2 ,,vii1 pp4 #cf1 #eb1 #hd1 #bcj4 ,also ,additions ,ibid41 p4 #ahj2 #agj species4--#ahgg4 ,,roosevelt1 ,t41 ,,jr41 & ,,m9ot1 ,h4 ,d4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,adirondacks 9 ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 #hvo1 #d pp42 #ig species4--#ahgi4 ,,ra?bun1 ,,frank ,r4 ,a ,revis$ ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,c5tral ,new ,york4 7,cayuga1 ,onondaga1 ,s5eca1 ,wayne1 & ,yates ,c\nties1 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y47 #dd pp4 ,see also ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,vii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #acb1 #acc2 #ad additions4--#ahgi-hj4 ,,me>ns1 ,e4 ,a4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,hudson ,highl&s4 ,bull4 ,essex4 ,in/41 ,x1 pp4 #aff-agi2 ,,xi1 pp4 #dc-eb1 #aed-afh1 #ahi-bjd2 ,,xii1 pp4 #aa-be1 #aji-abh2 ,,xiii1 pp4 #ge-ic4 7,see also ,auk1 ,,vii1 #ahij1 pp4 #ee1 #ef72 #bad species4--#ahhj4 ,,gregg1 ,w4 ,h4 ,revis$ ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,*emung ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y41 ,o4 ,h4 ,:eel]2 #bag species4--#ahha-hd4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,birds ,asc]ta9$ to ,occur 9 ! ,adirondack ,region1 ,nor!a/]n ,new ,york4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,vi1 pp4 #bbe-bce2 & ,add5da ,,vii1 #ahhb1 pp4 #abh1 #bef1 #beg4 ,auk1 ,i1 #ahhd1 pp4 #eh1 #ei2 #baa species4--#ahhb4 ,,bicknell1 ,e4 ,p4 ,a ,review ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( a "p ( ! ,catskill ,m\nta9s1 ) prefatory rem>ks on ! faunal & floral features ( ! region4 ,trans4 ( ! ,l9n4 ,soc4 ( ,new ,york1 ,i1 pp4 #aae-afh2 #ij species4--#ahhe 444 ,,hollick1 ,a4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ,kn[n to ,bre$ on ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,assc4 ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,extra ,no4 #d1 ,decemb]4 #fg species4--#ahhf4444 ,,b>num1 ,m4 ,k4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,onondaga ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bull4 ( ! ,biol4 ,lab4 ( ,syracuse4 #hvo1 pp4 #a-cd2 #bjd species4--#ahhf4 ,,ralph1 ,w4 ,l41 & ,,bagg1 ,e4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,oneida ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 & ,its ,imm$iate ,vic9ity4 ,trans4 ,oneida ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,,iii1 pp4 #aja-adg2 #bbd species4 7,see also ,ibid41 ,,vii1 #ahij1 pp4 #b1 #bi-bcb47 ,orn4 & ,col4 ,,xiii1 #ahhh1 pp4 #eh1 #ei4 ,auk1 ,,xi1 #ahid1 pp4 #afb-afd4--ahhf4 ,,woodruff1 ,l4 ,b41 & ,,pa9e1 ,a4 ,g41 ,,jr4 ,birds ( ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #chf1 #chg1 #dhg2 #aba species4--#ahhi4 ,,b]gtold1 ,w4 ,h4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,buffalo & ,vic9ity4 ,bull4 ,buffalo ,nat4 ,field ,club1 #a1 #g1 pp4 #a-ba2 #bcg species4--#ahhi4 ,,davison1 ,j4 ,l4 ,birds ( ,niag>a ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xxxiii1 pp4 #afd1 #ahc1 #cjc2 #aij species4--#ahib4 ,,clute1 ,w4 ,n4 ,! ,avifauna ( ,broome ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,wilson ,qu>t41 pp4 #ei-fd2 #ajf species4--#ahif4 ,,%ort1 ,e4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,we/]n ,new ,york4 ,f4 ,h4 ,latt91 ,albion1 ,n4 ,y4 #bj pp42 #bbi species4--#aija4 ,,eaton1 ,e4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,we/]n ,new ,york4 ,proc4 ,ro*4 ,acad4 ,,iv1 #fd pp42 #bii species4--#aija4 ,,embody1 ,g4 ,o4 ,birds ( ,madison ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bull4 ,dep't4 ,geol4 & ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,colgate ,univ]sity1 ,hamilton1 ,n4 ,y4 #hvo1 #cf pp42 #aia species4 7,see also ,maxon1 ,auk1 ,,xx1 p4 #bfc47--aijd4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,an ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ,kn[n to ,bre$ )9 #ej ,miles ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,guide ,leaflet1 ,no4 #ad1 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #ca pp41 #ac ills4--#aijf4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,vic9ity ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,guide ,leaflet1 ,no4 #bb1 ,rev4 ,ed41 #if pp4 ,num]\s ills42 #cec species4--#aijg4 ,,braisl91 ,w4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,long ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ab/4 ,proc4 ,linn,aan ,society1 ,n4 ,y41 #aijg1 pp4 #ca-abc2 #cfd species4 7,see also ,auk1 #aiji1 pp4 #cad-caf47--aiaj4 ,,re$1 ,h4 ,d41 & ,,wright1 ,a4 ,h4 ,v]tebrates ( ! ,cayuga ,lake ,bas94 ,proc4 ,am4 ,philos4 ,soc41 ,,xlviii1 pp4 #cgj-dei2 #beg species4--#aiaj4 ,,wright1 ,a4 ,h4 & ,,all51 ,a4 ,a4 ,! ,increase ( ,au/ral ,birds at ,i?aca4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #fc-ff4--aiaj4 ,,eaton1 ,e4 ,h4 ,birds ( ,new ,york4 ,i1 ,wat] & ,game ,birds4 #dto1 pp4 #a-eja1 col4 plls4 by ,fu]tes #db4 ,important4--#aiab4 ,,bagg1 ,e4 ,annotat$ ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,oneida ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 & ( ! ,we/ ,canada ,creek ,valley4 ,trans4 ,oneida ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,,xii1 pp4 #af-he2 #beg species4 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a #ahga4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,notes on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,=t ,macon1 ,n4 ,c4 & ,vic9ity4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila4 ,,xxiii1 ,birds1 pp4 #ah-dg4 ,also ,ibid41 #ahgh1 pp4 #bb-bd2 #acc species4--#ahhe4 ,,brimley1 ,h4 ,h4 & ,c4 ,s4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,x4 pp4 #adc1 #add2 #hb species4--#ahhe4--;,,brimley1 ,h4 ,h4 & ,c4 ,s4 ,w9t] ,birds ( ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,x1 p4 #abh2 #gb species4--#ahhf4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,an ,orni?ological ,reconnaissance 9 ,we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #id-aab1 #agc-agi2 #ajb species4--#ahhf4 ,,bat*eld]1 ,c4 ,f4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,m\nta9s 9 ,w9t]4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #cjg-cad2 #dj species4--#ahhg4 ,,atk9son1 ,g4 ,f4 ,prelim9>y ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,j\rn4 ,eli%a ,mit*ell ,society1 #ahhg1 ,"p #b1 pp4 #dd-hg2 #bee species4 ,a compilation ) "s errors4--#ahhg4 ,,cairns1 ,j4 ,s4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,buncombe ,co41 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xii1 pp4 #c-f2 #afi species4--#ahhg4 ,,s5nett1 ,g4 ,b4 ,obs]vations 9 ,we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,m\nta9s 9 #ahhf4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 pp4 #bdj-bde2 #bi species4--#ahhh4 ,,brimley1 ,c4 ,s4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,kn[n to ,bre$ at ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiii1 pp4 #db1 #dc2 #ed species4 7,see also ,ibid41 p4 #ahg4 ,auk1 ,,xiv1 p4 #afe47--ahhi4 ,,cairns1 ,j4 ,s4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ,buncombe ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiv1 pp4 #ag-bb2 #abc species4--#ahic4 ,,brimley1 ,c4 ,s4 ,"s ,additions to ! ,avifauna ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ) ,notes on ,"s ,o!r ,species4 ,auk1 ,x1 #ahic1 pp4 #bda-bdd2 #dh species4--#ahig4 ,,smi?wick1 ,j4 ,w4 ,p4 ,orni?ology ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,bull4 #add1 ,n4 ,c4 ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a4 #aic-bbh2 #cjc species4--#ahii4 ,,pe>son1 ,t4 ,g4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,*apel ,hill1 ,n4 ,c4 ,j\rn4 ,eli%a ,mit*ell ,sci4 ,soc41 ,,xvi1 pp4 #cc-ea2 #acb species4--#aija4 ,,bi%op1 ,l4 ,b4 ,! ,w9t] ,birds ( ,pea ,isl&1 ,n4 ,c4 ,auk1 ,,xviii1 pp4 #bfj-bfh2 #db species4--#aije4 ,,ob]hols]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,notes on ! ,mammals & ,summ] ,birds ( ,we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,publi%$ by ,biltmore ,=e/ ,s*ool4 ,birds pp4 #aa-bd2 #acf species4--#aiaj4 ,,philipp1 ,p4 ,b4 7see ,s4 ,c47 ,,ohio #ahgg 444 ,,langdon1 ,f4 ,w4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ! ,vic9ity ( ,c9c9nati4 #hvo1 #ah pp4 ,salem1 ,mass42 #bgi species4--#ahgi4 ,,langdon1 ,f4 ,w4 ,a ,revis$ ,li/ ( ,c9c9nati ,birds4 ,j\rn4 ,c94 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,i1 #d1 pp4 #afg-aic4 7,see also ,ibid41 ,,iii1 pp4 #aba-abg2 ,v1 #ahhb1 p4 #ahf2 ,,vi1 #ahhc1 pp4 #ab-ca2 #bef species47--#ahhb4 ,,:eaton1 ,j4 ,m4 ,report on ! ,birds ( ,ohio1 ,report ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,ohio1 ,,iv1 ,i1 pp4 #ahh-fbh2 #bih species4--#ahia4 ,,smi?1 ,r4 ,w4 #jjj ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,j\rn4 ,c94 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xiv1 pp4 #aje-acc2 #ahi species4--#ahif4 ,,ob]hols]1 ,h4 ,c4 ,a ,prim>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,wayne ,co4 ,bull4 ,ohio ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,i1 #d1 pp4 #bdc-ced2 #ahc species4--#aijb4 ,,h5+]1 ,w4 ,f4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,middle ,s\!rn ,ohio4 ,wilson ,bullet91 ,,ix1 pp4 #gg-ic2 #bji species4 7,see also ,ibid41 pp4 #acj-acb2 ,,xii1 #aije1 pp4 #hi-ic74--aijb4 ,,jones1 ,l4 ,bird ,/udies 9 ,lora9 ,co41 ,ohio4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,ix1 pp4 #cg-eh2 also pp4 #id-ajj4--aijh4 ,,dawson1 ,w4 ,l4 ,! ,birds ( ,ohio1 #d to xiv#fga pp4 ,_m illus4 ,columbus1 ,:eaton ,pub4 ,co4--#aijc4 ,,field1 ,a4 ,i4 ,birds ( ,leck+ ,co41 ,ohio4 ,bull4 ,sci4 ,lab4 ,d5ison ,univ41 ,,xv2 #bjc species4--#aijc4 ,,jones1 ,l4 ,! ,birds ( ,ohio4 ,a revis$ ,catalogue1 ,ohio ,/ate ,acad4 ( ,sci41 ,special ,pap]s ,no4 #f1 #ada pp4 #a map2 #cah species4--#aijf4 ,,h5+]1 ,w4 ,f4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,s5eca ,co41 ,ohio4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xviii4 pp4 #dg-fj2 #bje species4--#aiji-aj4 ,,jones1 ,l4 ,! ,birds ( ,c$> ,po9t & ,vic9ity4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xxi1 pp4 #ee-gf1 #aae-aca1 #ahg-bjb2 ,,xxii1 pp #be-da1 #ig-aae1 #agb-ahb4 ,note4--,e issue ( ! ,wilson ,bullet9 7,ob]l91 ,ohio7 conta9s matt] ( special int]e/ to bird /ud5ts 9 ,ohio & ! adjo9+ /ates4 ,,oregon #ahci4 ,,t[ns5d1 ,j4 ,k4 ,n>rative ( a ,j\rney across ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,columbia ,riv] 444 ,philadelphia3 ,h5ry ,p]k9s1 #acd ,*e/nut ,/reet4 ,bo/on3 ,p]k9s & ,m>v94 #hvo1 pp4 viii1 #ceb4 ,app5dix3 ,catalogue ( ,birds f\nd 9 ! ,t]ritory ( ! ,oregon1 pp4 #cca-ceb4--ahfj4 ,,coop]1 ,j4 ,g4 & ,,suckley1 ,g4 ,report ^u ! ,birds ,collect$ on ! ,survey4 ,pac4 ,r4 ,r4 ,rep4 ,vol4 ,,xii1 ,book #aa1 pp4 #adj-bia2 #baf species obs]v$ 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4--#ahgg4 ,,b5dire1 ,c4 ,notes on "s ( ! ,birds f\nd 9 ,s\!a/]n ,oregon1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,camp ,h>ney1 f ,novemb]1 #ahgd to ,janu>y #ahgg4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xix1 pp4 #aji-adi2 #aia species4--#ahgi4 ,,me>ns1 ,e4 ,a4 ,p>tial ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,=t ,klama?1 ,oregon1 ,collect$ by ,lieut5ant ,willis ,witti*1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ) ,annotations & ,additions by ! ,collector4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,iv1 pp4 #afa-aff1 #aid-aii2 #aaa species4--#ahhj4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 7,see ,nevada47--#ahhj4 ,,johnson1 ,o4 ,b4 ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,willamette ,valley1 ,oregon4 ,am4 ,nat4 ,,xiv1 pp4 #dhe-dia1 #fce-fdf2 #adj species4--#ahhf4 ,,an?ony1 ,a4 ,w4 ,field ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,oregon4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #afa-agb2 #abj species4--#ahhh4 ,,m]rill1 ,j4 ,c4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,=t ,klama?1 ,oregon4 ,) rem>ks on c]ta9 species by ,william ,brew/]4 ,auk1 ,v1 pp4 #aci-adf1 #bea-bfb1 #ceg-cff2 #afh species4--#aijb4 ,,an?ony1 ,a4 ,w4 ,li/ ( ,birds 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,portl&1 ,oregon4 ,bailey's ',h&book ( ,birds ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1' pp4 xliii-xlviii2 #ade species4--#aijb4 ,,"l1 ,w4 ,r4 ,a ,fir/ ,book ^u ! ,birds ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 #afmo1 #cjd;iv pp4 ills4 ,j4 ,k4 ,gill ,co41 ,portl&4--#aijd4 ,,mill]1 ,l4 ,h4 ,! ,birds ( ! ,john ,day ,region1 ,oregon4 ,! ,condor1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ajj-ajf2 #ga species4--#aije4 ,,f9ley1 ,w4 ,l4 ,among ! ,sea ,birds (f ! ,oregon ,coa/4 ,! ,condor1 ,,vii1 pp4 #aaj-abg2 #afa-afi4--aiji4 ,,jewett1 ,s4 ,g4 ,"s ,birds ( ,bak] ,c\nty1 ,oregon4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxvi1 pp4 #e-i2 #hc species4--#aiaa4 ,peck1 ,m4 ,e4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,will[ ,creek ,valley1 ,malheur ,c\nty1 ,oregon4 ,! ,condor1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #fc-fi2 #gd species4 ,,p5nsylvania #ahdd4 ,,baird1 ,w4 ,m4 & ,s4 ,f4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,f\nd 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,c>lisle1 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,am4 ,j\rn4 ,sci4 & ,arts1 ,,xlvi1 pp4 #bfa-bgc2 #bja species4--#ahde4 ,,baird1 ,s4 ,f4 ,catalogue ( ,birds ,f\nd 9 ! ,neighborhood ( ,c>lisle1 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,lit4 ,rec4 & ,j\rn4 ,l9n4 ,assoc4 ( ,p5na4 ,college1 ,i1 pp4 #bdi-beg2 #bjc species4--#ahfa4 ,,b>n>d1 ,v4 ,a4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,times ( ,arrival 9 ,spr+4 ,ann4 ,rep4 ,smi?s4 ,in/41 #ahfj1 pp4 #dcd-dch2 #aia species--#ahfi4 ,,turnbull1 ,w4 ,p4 ,! ,birds ( ,ea/ ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,j]sey 444 #a vol4 roy4 #hvo1 & also #dto1 xii#fb pp42 #cdb species4--#ahhj4 ,,w>r51 ,h4 ,b4 ,! ,birds ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,=e/ & ,/ream1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #ajbd1 #ajbe2 ,,xiv1 pp4 #f1 #be2 #bah species4--#ahhf4 ,,p>k]1 ,h4 ,g4 ,li/ ( ,birds ne> ,philadelphia ) ! ,dates ,t ,sets ( ,eggs ,7 ,tak54 ,orn4 & ,,oal4 ,,xi1 pp4 #gj1 #ga2 #gf species4--#ahhg4 ,,p5nock1 ,c4 ,j4 ,birds ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,! ,,oalogi/4 ,,iv1 pp4 #a-aj2 #bcd species4--#ahhi4 ,,ressel1 ,c4 ,b4 ,birds ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,,xiv1 #ig-aja1 pp4 #aab-aaf1 #abi1 #acj2 #aii species4--#ahij4 ,,w>r51 ,b4 ,h4 ,report on ! ,birds ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,) ,special ,ref]5ce to ! ,food ,habits4 ,second ,edition4 ,h>risburg1 #hvo1 xiv#dcd pp42 #ajj col4 plls4--#ahia4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,! ,summ] ,birds ( ,h>vey's ,lake1 ,luz]ne ,co41 ,p5nsylvania1 ) ,rem>ks on ! ,faunal ,position ( ! ,region4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila4 #ahia1 pp4 #dca-dch2 #ed species4--#ahib4 ,,dwight1 ,j41 ,,jr4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,cre/ ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,alleghanies4 ,auk1 ,,ix1 pp4 #abi-ada2 #hd species4--#ahic4 ,,jacobs1 ,j4 ,w4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,gre5e ,co41 ,pa4 #hvo1 #ae pages2 #ij species4 ,publi%$ by ,au?or1 ,waynesburg1 ,pa4--#ahic4 ,,todd1 ,w4 ,e4 ,c4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,indiana #fe species & ,cle>field #ee species ,c\nties1 ,pa4 ,auk1 ,x1 #ahic1 pp4 #ce-df4--ahid4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,! ,birds ( ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,j]sey4 #hvo1 vii#ahe pp4 ,del4 ,valley ,orn4 ,club1 ,phila4 #cdf species4--#ahie4 ,,rotzell1 ,w4 ,e4 ,birds ( ,n>be?1 ,pa41 & ,vic9ity4 ,! ,citiz51 ,june #bb & #bi1 & repr9t$ 9 pamphlet1 #h pp42 #ajh species4--#ahif4 ,,baily1 ,w4 ,l4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,nor!rn ,elk ,co4 ,auk1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #bhi-aig2 #fi species4--#ahif4 ,,"y1 ,r4 ,t4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,an?racite ,coal ,regions ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,auk1 ,,xiii1 #ahif1 pp4 #bgh-bhe2 #ei species--#ahig4 ,,montgom]y1 ,t4 ,h41 ,,jr4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,vic9ity ( ,we/ ,*e/]1 ,*e/] ,co41 ,pa4 ,am4 ,nat41 #ahig1 pp4 #fbb-fbh1 #hab-had1 #ijg-iaa2 #ade species--#ahig-aiaj4 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,editor4 ,num]\s ,notes on & ,%ort ,li/s ( ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania ,birds4 ,proc4 ,del4 ,valley ,orn4 ,club1 ,phila4--#ahii4 ,,rhoades1 ,s4 ,n4 ,notes on ,"s ( ! ,r>] ,birds ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,auk1 ,,xvi1 pp4 #cjh-cac2 #fe species4--#aija4 ,,burns1 ,f4 ,l4 ,a ,sectional ,bird ,c5sus1 at ,b]wyn1 ,pa4 ,wilson ,bull4 ,no4 #cf1 pp4 #hd-ajc2 #fb species4--#aijd4 ,,todd1 ,w4 ,e4 ,c4 ,! ,birds ( ,erie & ,presque ,isle1 ,erie ,co41 ,pa4 ,annals ,c>negie ,museum1 ,,ii4 pp4 #hda-eif1 #d plates2 #bcg species4--#aijd4 ,,todd1 ,w4 ,e4 ,c4 ,! ,mammal & ,bird ,fauna ( ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,bausman's ,hi/ory ( ,beav] ,c\nty1 ,,ii1 #aijd1 pp4 #aaie-abjb2 #agh species4 ,,rhode ,,isl& #ahii4 ,,h[e1 ,r4 ,h41 ,,jr4 & ,,/urtevant1 ,e4 ,! ,birds ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,publi%$ by ,au?ors4 #hvo1 #aaa pp42 #bia species4--#aijh4 ,commission]s ( ,birds4 ,a ,*eck-,li/ ( ,rhode ,isl& ,ne/+ ,birds1 pp4 #a-bf2 #ajd species4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a #ahfh4 ,,c\es1 ,e4 ,synopsis ( ! ,birds ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xii1 pp4 #ajd-abg2 #bid species4--#ahgi4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,a ,p>tial ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,s4 ,c4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,iv1 pp4 #bji-bah2 #adj species4 7,see also additions & notes4 ,auk1 ,,ii1 #ahhe1 pp4 #ahh-aic2 ,,viii1 #ahia1 pp4 #di-ei1 #afg-agc2 ,,ix1 #ahib2 pp4 #bh-ci2 ,,xi1 #ahid1 pp4 #bf-ci1 #id-aag47--ahhe4 ,,hoxie1 ,w4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ! ,sea ,isl&s4 ,orn4 & ,,oal41 ,x1 pp4 #ac-bg1 #bi1 #dd-df1 #fb1 #fc4 7,also ,corrections & ,additions4 ,ibid41 ,,xi1 #ahhf1 pp4 #cc1 #cd47 #bch species4--#ahij4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,obs]vations on ,"s ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,m\nta9 ,portions ( ,pick5s ,c\nty1 ,auk1 ,,vii1 pp4 #cj-ci1 #abd-acj2 #gf species4--#ahia4 ,,loomis1 ,l4 ,m4 ,june ,birds ( ,,cas>'s ,head1 ,s4 ,c4 ,auk1 ,,viii1 pp4 #cbc-ccc2 #eb species4--#aiaj4 ,,philipp1 ,p4 ,b4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,c>ol9as4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp #cab-cbb4 7,see also ,wayne1 ,ibid41 p4 #dfd47--aiaj4 ,,wayne1 ,a4 ,t4 ,birds ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,cont4 f ,*>le/on ,museum1 ,i1 #hvo1 xxipp4 #bed2 #ccg species4 ,,t5nessee #ahhf4 ,,fox1 ,w4 ,h4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,f\nd 9 ,roane ,c\nty1 ,t5nessee1 ,dur+ ,april1 #ahhd1 & ,m>* & ,april1 #ahhe4 ,auk1 ,,iii1 pp4 #cae-cbj2 #aad species4--#ahie4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 ,cont4 ,zo,al4 ,t5n41 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,phila41 #ahie4 pp4 #dfc-eja4 ,also ,auk1 ,,xiii1 #ahif1 p4 #aha2 #bbc species4--#aiaj4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #bie-cjd4 ,t5n42 #afa species4 ,,texas #ahfe-f4 ,,dress]1 ,h4 ,e4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,s\!rn ,texas4 ,ibis41 #bnd ,s]4 ,i1 pp4 #cab-ccj1 #dff-die1 ,,ii1 pp4 #bc-df2 #bgb species4--#ahgh4 ,,m]rill1 ,j4 ,c4 ,notes on ! ,orni?ology ( ,s\!rn ,texas4 ,be+ a ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,=t ,br[n1 ,texas1 f ,febru>y1 #ahgf1 to ,june1 #ahgh4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus4 ,i1 pp4 #aah-agc2 #beb species4--#ahgh4 ,,s5nett1 ,g4 ,b4 ,notes on ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e1 ,texas1 f ,obs]vations made dur+ ! ,season ( #ahgg4 ,edit$1 ) ,annotations1 by ,dr4 ,elliott ,c\es4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geograph4 ,survey1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #a-ff2 #aea species4--#ahgi4 ,,s5nett1 ,g4 ,b4 ,fur!r ,notes on ! ,orni?ology ( ! ,l[] ,rio ,gr&e ( ,texas1 f obs]vations made dur+ ! spr+ ( #ahgh4 ,edit$1 ) ,annotations by ,dr4 ,elliott ,c\es4 ,bull4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 & ,geograph4 ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories1 ,v1 #c1 pp4 #cga-ddj2 #afh species4--#ahhb4 ,,br[n1 ,n4 ,c4 ,a ,reconnaissance 9 ,s\?we/]n ,texas4 ,bull4 ,n4 ,o4 ,c41 ,,vii1 pp4 #cc-db6 #ajdf8 species obs]v$ ne> ,bo]ne1 ,k5dall ,c\nty4--#ahhb4 ,,nehrl+1 ,h4 ,li/ ,( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,h\/on1 ,h>ris1 ,texas & vic9ity1 & 9 ! ,c\nties ,montgom]y1 ,galve/on1 & ,=d ,b5d4 ,bull ,nutt4 ,orn4 ,club1 ,,vii1 pp4 #f-ac1 #aff-age1 #bbb-bbe2 #bji species4--#ahhg4 ,,lloyd1 ,w4 ,birds ( ,tom ,gre5 & ,con*o ,c\nties1 ,texas4 ,auk1 ,,iv1 pp4 #aha-aic1 #bhi-bii2 #bec species4--#ahhh4 ,,beckham1 ,c4 ,w4 ,obs]vations on ! ,birds ( s\?we/]n ,texas4 ,proc4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,mus41 ,x1 #ahhg1 pp4 #fce-fif2 #bhc species4--#ahia4 ,,*apman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,on ! ,birds ,obs]v$ ne> ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ,texas1 dur+ p>ts ( ,m>* & ,april1 #ahia4 ,bull ,am4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,iii1 pp4 #cae-cbh2 #ccff species4--#ahib4 ,,attwat]1 ,h4 ,p4 ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,san ,antonio1 ,bex> ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,auk1 ,,ix1 pp4 #bbi-bch2 #ccg-cde2 #bdb species4--#ahib4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 ,! ,birds ( ,s\!a/]n ,texas & ,s\!rn ,arizona1 ,obs]v$ dur+ ,may1 ,june1 & ,july1 #ahia4 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci4 ,phila41 pp4 #ih-abf4 ,annotat$ li/s ( #ajjh species obs]v$ at ,corpus ,*ri/i1 & #abdb species obs]v$ 9 ,s\!rn ,arizona4--#aijj4 ,,c>roll1 ,j4 ,j4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,refugio ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,! ,auk1 pp4 #ccg-cdh4--aije4 ,,montgom]y1 ,t4 ,h4 ,,jr4 ,summ] ,resid5t ,birds ( ,brew/] ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxii1 pp4 #ab-ae2 #dg species4--#aiaa4 ,,lacey1 ,h4 ,! ,birds ( ,k]rville1 ,texas1 & ,vic9ity4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxviii1 pp4 #bjj-bai2 #bjb species4 ,,utah #aheh4 ,,baird1 ,s4 ,f4 ,birds f\nd at ,=t ,bridg]1 ,utah4 ,pac4 ,r4 ,r4 ,rep4 ,,ix1 pp4 #ibf-ibg2 #ajd species4--#ahgc4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 ,report on ! ,mammals & ,birds ( ! ,exp$ition to ,montana1 ,idaho1 ,wyom+1 & ,utah4 ,six? ,ann4 ,rep4 ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,surv4 ,t]r4 = #ahgb1 #ahgc4 ,birds1 pp4 #fgj-gae4 ,a li/ ( #agf ,utah birds4--#ahgc4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 ,notes on ! ,bird-fauna ( ! ,salt ,lake ,valley & ! adjac5t portions ( ! ,wahsat* ,m\nta9s4 ,bull4 ,essex ,in/41 ,v1 pp4 #afh-agc4 ,rem>ks on ,all5's ,li/ ( ,birds ,collect$ 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,ogd5 & li/ ( ,birds f\nd bre$+ ne> ,salt ,lake ,city4--#ahgd4 ,,h5%aw1 ,h4 ,w4 ,an annotat$ li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,utah4 ,ann4 ,lyc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,n4 ,y41 ,,xi1 pp4 #a-ad2 #bad species4--#ahgg4 ,,ridgway1 ,r4 7,see ,nevada47 ,,v]mont #aija4 ,,h[ell1 ,a4 ,h4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,summ] ,birds ( ,m\nt ,mansfield1 ,vt4 ,auk1 ,,xviii1 pp4 #ccg-cdg2 #hf species4--#aijb4 ,,p]k9s1 ,g4 ,h4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ,f\nd 9 ,v]mont4 #ba/ ,ann4 ,rep4 ,vt4 ,/ate ,bd4 ,agric41 pp4 #he-aah2 #bfa species4 ,see also ,,h[e1 ,r4 ,h41 ,,jr41 ,cont4 ,n4 ,a4 ,orn4 ,,ii1 pp4 #e-bb4--aijc4 ,,dav5port1 ,e4 ,b4 ,birds ,obs]v$ on ,mt4 ,mansfield & ! ,we/ ,end ( ,/[e ,valley at ! ,base ( ! ,m\nta91 9 ! ,summ] ( #aijb4 ,wilson ,bull41 ,,xv1 pp4 #gg-hf2 #gd species4--#aijg4 ,,dav5port1 ,e4 ,b4 ,birds ( ,w9dham & ,b5n+ton ,c\nties4 ,bull4 ,no4 #b1 ,v]mont ,bird ,club 7,burl+ton1 ,vt471 pp4 #e-ad2 #agf species4--#aijh4 ,,all51 ,f4 ,h4 ,summ] ,birds ( ,s\!rn ,v]mont1 ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #ef-fd2 #hf species4 ,,virg9ia #ahij4 ,,rives1 ,,wm4 ,c41 ,m4 ,d4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,birds ( ! ,virg9ias4 ,proc4 ,newport ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,docum5t ,,vii1 ,newport ,r4 ,i4 #hvo4 #ajj pp42 #cje species4--#aijb4 ,,daniels1 ,j4 ,w4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,great ,dismal ,swamp4 ,auk1 ,,xix1 #ae-ah pp42 #da species4--#aiaj4 ,,embody1 ,g4 ,c4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ,obs]v$ at ,a%l&1 ,va4 ,auk1 ,,xxvii1 pp4 #afi-agg2 #aad species4--#aiab4 ,,bailey1 ,h4 ,b4 ,notes on ,birds ,bre$+ 9 ! ,m\nta9s ( ,virg9ia4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxix1 pp4 #gi-hd2 #id species4 ,,wa%+ton #ahib4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,r4 ,h4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ! ,gray's ,h>bor ,region1 ,wa%+ton4 ,auk1 ,,ix1 pp4 #ci-dg2 #ib species4 7,see also pp4 #ceb-ceg2 & ,palm]1 ,ibid41 pp4 #cjh-caj74--ahic4 ,,rhoads1 ,s4 ,n4 7,see ,briti% ,columbia47--#ahig4 ,,dawson1 ,w4 ,l4 ,a ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ! ,birds ( ,okanagan ,c\nty1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xiv1 pp4 #afh-ahb2 #adc species4--#aijj4 ,,kobba1 ,w4 ,h4 ,! ,birds ( ,cape ,disappo9tm5t1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xvii1 pp4 #cdi-ceh2 #fc species--#aijb4 ,,"l1 ,w4 ,r4 7,see ,oregon47--#aijb4 ,,ra?bun1 ,s4 ,f4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l& ,birds ( ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton & ,vic9ity ,! ,auk1 ,,xix1 pp4 #aca-ada2 #aab species--#aijc4 ,,snodgrass1 ,r4 ,e4 ,a ,li/ ( ,l& ,birds f ,c5tral ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xx1 pp4 #bjb-bji2 #ec species4--#aijd4 ,,snodgrass1 ,r4 ,e4 ,a ,li/ ( ,l& ,birds f ,c5tral & ,s\!a/]n ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxi1 pp4 #bbc-bcc2 #eh species4--#aijf4 ,,b[les1 ,j4 ,h4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,tacoma1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,vic9ity4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxiii1 pp4 #ach-adh2 #bja species4--#aijf4 ,,johnson1 ,r4 ,h4 ,! ,birds ( ,*5ey1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,condor1 ,,viii1 pp4 #be-bh2 #aac species4--#aijh4 ,,edson1 ,j4 ,m4 ,birds ( ! ,bell+ham ,bay ,region4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #dbe-dci2 #bab species4--#aijh4 ,,dawson1 ,w4 ,l4 ,! ,bird ,colonies ( ! ,olympiades4 ,! ,auk1 ,,xxv1 pp4 #aec-aff4 ,,we/ ,,virg9ia #ahgc4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,p>tial ,li/ ( ! ,summ] ,birds ( ,kana:a ,c\nty1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ) ,annotations4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,hi/41 ,,xv1 pp4 #bai-bbg2 #hf species4--#ahge4 ,,brew/]1 ,w4 ,"s ,obs]vations on ! ,birds ( ,rit*ie ,c\nty1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,annals ( ! ,lyc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,n4 ,y41 ,,xi1 pp4 #aci-adf2 #ajj species4--#ahhh4 ,,doan1 ,w4 ,d4 ,birds ( ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,bull4 #c1 ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,morgant[n2 #bjj species4--#ahhi4 ,,surb]1 ,t4 ,birds ( ,gre5bri> ,c\nty1 ,we/ ,va4 ,! ,hawkeye ,orn4 & ,,oal4 7,e4 ,b4 ,web/]1 ,cresco1 ,i[a71 ,,ii1 pp4 #b-d1 #ac-ae1 #bi-cb2 #aba species4--#ahij4 ,,rives1 ,w4 ,c4 7,see ,virg9ia47--#ahih4 ,,rives1 ,w4 ,c4 ,summ] ,birds ( ! ,we/ ,virg9ia ,spruce ,belt4 ,auk1 ,,xv1 pp4 #aca-acg2 #df species4--#aiji4 ,,brooks1 ,e4 ,a4 ,we/ ,virg9ia ,birds 9 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 ,report ,w4 ,va4 ,/ate ,bo>d ,agric41 = #aijh1 pp4 #c-fb2 #aic species4 ,,wiscons9 #ahec4 ,,hoy1 ,p4 ,r4 ,notes on ! ,orni?ology ( ,wiscons94 ,proc4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 ,phila41 ,,vi1 pp4 #cjd-cac1 #cah-che1 #dbc-dbi2 #bhc species4 7,revis$ ) additions 9 ! ,trans4 ,wisc4 ,/ate ,agric4 ,soc41 #aheb1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cda-cfd47--ahed4 ,,b>ry1 ,a4 ,c4 ,on ! ,orni?ological ,fauna ( ,wiscons94 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,v1 #ahed1 pp4 #a-ac2 #bah species4--#ahhb4 ,,k+1 ,f4 ,h4 ,economic ,relations ( ,wiscons9 ,birds4 ,wis4 ,geol4 ,survey1 ,i1 pp4 #dda-faj2 figs4 #ajc-add2 #bie species4--#ahhc4 ,,will>d1 ,s4 ,w4 ,migration & ,di/ribution ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,birds 9 ,br[n & ,outgamie ,c\nties4 ,trans4 ,wisc4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,arts1 & ,lett]s1 ,,vi1 pp4 #agg-aif2 #baj species4--#ahid4 ,,grundtvig1 ,f4 ,l4 ,! ,birds ( ,%iocton 9 ,bov9e1 ,outgamie ,co41 ,wisc4 ,trans4 ,wisc4 ,acad4 ,sci5ces1 ,x1 pp4 #gc-aeh2 #ahc species4--#aijc4 ,,kumle91 ,l41 & ,,holli/]1 ,n4 ,! ,birds ( ,wiscons94 ,bull4 ,wisc4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,,iii 7,n4 ,s471 pp4 #a-adc1 #h half-tones2 #ceg species4--#aiji4 ,,cory1 ,c4 ,b4 7,see ,ills47 ,,wyom+ #ahgb4 ,,hold51 ,c4 ,h4 ,,jr4 ,notes on ! ,birds ( ,wyom+ & ,colorado ,t]ritories1 ) additional memor&a by ,c4 ,e4 ,aik54 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,m4 ,brew]4 ,proc4 ,bo/4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 ,,xv1 pp4 #aic-baj2 #adb species4--#ahgc4 ,,m]riam1 ,c4 ,h4 7,see ,utah47--#ahgf4 ,,gr9nell1 ,g4 ,b4 7,see ,montana74--#ahgi4 ,,willi/on1 ,s4 ,w4 ,a ,li/ ( ,birds tak5 9 ,s\!rn ,wyom+1 ) supplem5t>y notes by ,george ,b4 ,gr9nell2 ,=e/ & /ream1 ,,xii1 pp4 #cjf-cjg1 #cbe-cbf1 #cfe2 #aji species4--#aijb4 ,,knight1 ,w4 ,c4 ,! ,birds ( ,wyom+4 ,univ]sity ( ,wyom+4 #hvo4 #agd pp41 #dh plls42 #bhh species4--#aijb4 ,,bond1 ,f4 ,li/ ( ,birds ( ,*ey5ne & ,vic9ity4 ,bailey's ',h&book ( ,birds ( ! ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1' pp4 lxxiii2 #ahd species4--#aijg4 ,,palm]1 ,t4 ,s4 ,birds ( ,yell[/one ,p>k4 ,ann4 ,rep4 ,supt4 ( ,yell[/one ,p>k = #aijg4 pp4 #ae-bc2 #gj species4 ,,index ,acan?is hornemannii exilipes #agf l9>ia #agf holb,allii #agf ro/rata #agf ,accipit] atricapillus #aca /riatulus #aca coop]ii #aca velox #aca ,actitis macul>ia #ajg ,actodromas acum9ata #aji bairdii #aji fuscicollis #aji maculata #aji m9utilla #aji ,a*mophorus occid5talis #dd ,agialitis hiaticula #aab meloda #aab circumc9cta #aab nivosa #aab semipalmata #aab ,,aaronautes melanoleucus #aeh ,a/relata fi%]i #bfj hasitata #fe scal>is #bfj ,agelaius gub]nator cali=nicus #agi ph,aniceus #agh bryanti #agh caur9us #agh floridanus #agh =tis #agh neutralis #agh ri*mondi #bih sonori5sis #agh tricolor #agi ,aimophila c>palis #bbj ruficeps #bbj erem,aca #bbj scottii #bbj sororia #bbj ,aix sponsa #gh ,ajaia ajaja #hi ,alauda arv5sis #bge ,alaudid,a #cd1 #afc ,albatross1 ,black-foot$ #fb ,laysan #fb ,%ort-tail$ #ab1 #fb ,sooty #fb ,yell[-nos$ #fb ,alca torda #dh ,alcedinid,a #cb1 #add ,alcid,a #aj ,alle alle #df ,amazilis c]v9iv5tris *alconota #afj tzacatl #afj ,ammodramus caudacutus #bbe h5sl[i #bbd occid5talis #bbd leconteii #bbe m>itimus #bbf fi%]i #bbf macgillivraii #bbf peninsul,a #bbf s5netti #bbf nelsoni #bbe subvirgatus #bbe nigresc5s #bbf ,ampelid,a #cg1 #aff ,ampelis c$rorum #aih g>rulus #aih ,amphispiza belli #bbh canesc5s #cjj c9]ea #bbh nevad5sis #bbh bil9eata #bdi des]ticola #bdi ,anas bos*as #gf fulvigula #gg maculosa #gg obscura #gg rubripes #gg ,anatid,a #af1 #gd ,anh+a #ad1 #gc anh+a #gc ,anhingid,a #ad1 #fg ,ani #adf ,groove-bill$ #adf ,an\s /olidus #fj ,ans] albifrons #bfb gambeli #he fabialis #bfb ,ans]es #ae1 #gd ,an?us p5silvanicus #bcb spraguei #bcb ,antro/omus c>ol95sis #aef vocif]us #aef macromy/ax #aef ,aphelocoma cali=nica #ahd ,aphelocoma cali=nica hypoleuca #ahd obscura #ahd cyanea #ahd cyanotis #ahd insul>is #ahd sieb]ii arizon,a #ahc c\*ii #ahc texana #ahd woodh\seii #ahd ,aphriza virgata #aaa ,aphrizid,a #bd1 #ajj ,aquila chrysa,atos #acf ,aramid,a #bj1 #ie ,aramus giganteus #if ,ar*ibuteo f]rug9eus #ace lagopus sancti-johannis #ace ,arctonetta fis*]i #hb ,ardea h]odias #ic fann9i #ic w>di #ic occid5talis #ib ,ardeid,a #ai1 #hg ,ardetta exilis #ia neox5a #ia ,ar5>ia int]pres #ajb melanocephala #ajg mor9ella #ajb ,arquatella c\esi #ajg m>itima #ajg ptilocnemis #ajh ,arremonops rufivirgatus #bae ,asio accipitr9us #ach wilsonianus #ach ,a/ragal9us lawr5ci #ahi psaltria #aib hesp]ophilus #bii mexicanus #bii tri/is #aib pallidus #aib salicamans #aib ,a/ur9a plagiata #aca ,asyndesmus torquatus #aeb ,at?is morcomi #afa ,auk1 ,great #dh ,razor-bill$ #i1 #dh ,auklet1 ,cass9 #df ,cre/$ #dg ,lea/ #dg ,p>oquet #dg ,rh9oc]os #de ,:isk]$ #dg ,aurip>us flaviceps #aie lamprocephalus #aie ,avocet #bb1 #ajc ,ay?ya aff9is #gi am]icana #gi coll>is #gi ,ay?ya m>ila #gh vallisn]ia #gi ,,baolophus atricri/atus #bdc s5netti #cjc bicolor #bdc tex5sis #bdc1 #cjc inornatus #bdb c9]aceus #bdb griseus #bdb wollweb]i #bdd ,baldpate #gg ,b>tramia longicauda #aje ,basil9na leucotis #afj xantusi #aei ,bec>d1 ,xantus's #bgf ,bitt]n1 ,am]ican #ia ,cory #ia ,lea/ #ia ,blackbird1 ,bicolor$ #agi ,brew] #bed ,r$-w+$ #agh ,ru/y #bed ,tricolor$ #agi ,yell[-head$ #aii ,bluebird #ahb ,azure #ahb ,*e/nut-back$ #ahb ,m\nta9 #ahb ,san ,p$ro #ahb ,we/]n #ahb ,bobol9k #bea ,bob-:ite #bf1 #aae ,florida 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,buteo l9eatus all5i #acc elegans #acc platypt]us #acc swa9soni #acc ,buteonid,a #bid ,butorides viresc5s #id an?onyi #id fraz>i #id ,buzz>d1 ,turkey #abi ,calamospiza melanocorys #beb ,calc>ius lapponicus #bai alasc5sis #bai ornatus #bah pictus #bbj ,calidris ar5>ia #ajh ,callipepla squamata #aaf ca/anoga/ris #aaf ,callo?rus robu/us #bec ,calo?orax lucif] #aei ,calypte ann,a #afa cost,a #aei ,campephilus pr9cipalis #adi ,camptolaimus labradorius #ha ,cana*ites canad5sis #aag1 #bih canace #aag1 #bih osgoodi #aag1 #bih frankl9ii #aag ,canvas-back #gi ,caprimulgid,a #cc1 #aee ,c>ac>a1 ,audubon #acd ,guadalupe #acd ,c>dell9a rubrifrons #agg ,c>d9al #cf1 #agb ,arizona #agb ,florida #agb ,gray-tail$ #agb ,/ ,lucas #agb ,texas #agb ,c>d9alis c>d9alis #agb canicaudus #agb floridanus #agb igneus #agb sup]bus #agb ,c>duelis c>duelis #agg ,c>podacus amplus #age cass9i #age mcgregori #age mexicanus elem5tis #age frontalis #age rub]rimus #age purpureus #agd cali=nicus #agd ,cas>ca cas>ca #bfb ,catbird #bdg ,ca?>i/a urubu #abi ,ca?>tes aura #abi ,cathartid,a #bh1 #abg ,ca!rpes mexicanus albifrons #bcd consp]sus #bcd punctulatus #bcd ,c5troc]cus urophasianus #abb ,c5turus aurifrons #aec c>ol9us #aec uropygialis #aec ,ceophl,au pileatus #adi abieticola #adi ,cepphus columba #dh grylle #dh m&tii #dh ,c]orh9ca monoc]ata #de ,c]?ia famili>is albesc5s #bcg am]icana #bcg montana #bcg occid5talis #bcg zelotes #bch ,certhiid,a #ci1 #afh ,c]yle alcyon #adg caur9a #big am]icana sept5trionalis #adg torquata #bgc ,*a*alaca #bg1 #abb ,ch,atura pelagica #aeh vauxii #aeh ,cham,aa fasciata #bae1 #cjj ph,aa #baf1 #cjj rufula #cjj ,cham,aid,a #bid1 #bih ,charadriid,a #bd1 #ajj ,*>adrius dom9icus #aaj fulvus #aaj ,*>itonetta albeola #hj ,*at1 ,long-tail$ #aih ,yell[-brea/$ #ch1 #aih ,*aulelasmus /rep]us #gg ,*5 c,arulesc5s #he hyp]borea #hd nivalis #hd rossii #hd ,*ew9k #bjd ,*ickadee #ci ,alaskan #bdd ,bailey's ,m\nta9 #cjc ,b>l[ #bdd ,black-capp$ #bde ,cali=nia #bdd ,canadian #bdd ,c>ol9a 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,rocky ,m\nta9 #bcg ,si]ra #bch ,crossbill1 ,am]ican #agc ,mexican #agc ,:ite-w+$ #agd ,crotophaga ani #adf sulciro/ris #adf ,cr[1 ,am]ican #bee ,c>rion #abi ,fi% #bee ,florida #bee ,nor?we/ #bee ,we/]n #cjd ,crymophilus fulic>ius #ajb ,cuckoo1 ,black-bill$ #adf ,cali=nia #adf ,kam*atka #bgc ,mangrove #adf ,mayn>d #adf ,yell[-bill$ #adf ,cuculid,a #ca1 #add ,curlew1 ,bri/le-?igh$ #bie ,eskimo #ajc ,hudsonian #bc1 #ajc ,long-bill$ #ajc ,cyanocephalus cyanocephalus #ahc ,cyanocitta cri/ata #ahc flor9cola #ahc /ell]i #ahe annect5s #ahe c>bonacea #bih carlott,a #ahe diademata #ahe frontalis #ahe ,cyanopiza am,ana #ahj ciris #ahj cyanea #aha v]sicolor #ahj v]sicolor pul*ra #ahj ,cyclorrhyn*us psittaculus #dg ,cypseloides nig] borealis #aeh ,cyrtonyx montezum,a me>nsi #aae ,dafila acuta #gf ,daption cap5sis #bfj ,d>t]s #fg ,d5dragapus obscurus #aag fulig9osus #aag ri*>dsonii #aag sierr,a #bie ,d5drocygna autummalis #hc fulva #hc ,d5droica ,a/iva #aif ,a/iva brew/]i #bii ,a/iva rubig9osa #aif ,a/iva ,a/iva sonorana #aif auduboni #aij auduboni nigrifrons #aii blackburni,a #ahg bryanti ca/aneiceps #aif c,arulea #aha c,arulesc5s #ahj c,arulesc5s cairnsii #ahj ca/anea #bjf *rysop>ia #ahh coronata #aig discolor #aig dom9ica #aij dom9ica albilora #aij graci,a #aij kirtl&ii #aia maculosa #aij nigresc5s #bdi occid5talis #ahh olivacea #ahg palm>um #aif palm>um hypo*rysea #aig p5sylvanica #aih /riata #bdi tigr9a #aif t[ns5di #ahh vigorsii #aia vir5s #ahh ,di*romanassa rufesc5s #id ,dickcissel #aih ,diom$ea albatrus #fb immutabilis #fb nigripes #fb ,diomedeid,a #ab1 #fa ,dipp] #ch1 #bdg ,doli*onyx oryzivorus #bea ,dott]el #bfg ,dove1 ,b]muda ,gr\nd #abf ,blue-head$ #abf ,gr\nd #abf ,inca #abf ,key ,we/ ,quail #abf ,mexican ,gr\nd #abf ,m\rn+ #bg1 #abe ,ruddy ,quail #abf ,we/]n ,m\rn+ #bif ,we/ ,indian ,:ite-w+$ #bif ,:ite-front$ #abe ,:ite-w+$ #abf ,z5aida #abe ,dovekie #df ,d[it*] #ajf ,long-bill$ #ajf ,dryobates arizon,a #aea borealis #aea nuttallii #aea pubesc5s #aej pubesc5s 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flaviv5tris #baj fulvifrons pygm,au #bae griseus #bji hammondi #bji insulicola #baj m9imus #bji traillii #bji alnorum #bji viresc5s #baj wrightii #bji ,eniconetta /ell]i #ha ,ereunetes occid5talis #ajh pusillus #ajh ,erismatura jamaic5sis #hj ,erolia f]rug9ea #ajf ,eug5es fulg5s #aei ,falco columb>ius #acg suckleyi #acg fusco-c,arulesc5s #acg isl&us #acf mexicanus #ace p]egr9us anatum #acg pealei #acg ri*>dsonii #acg ru/icolus #acf gyrfalco #acf obsoletus #acf sp>v]ius #acg paulus #bif p59sul>is #ach phal,ana #ach ,falcon1 ,aplomado #acg ,peale #acg ,prairie #ace ,falconid,a #bi1 #abg1 #bid ,f9*1 ,cali=nia ,purple #agd ,cass9 #age ,guadalupe ,h\se #age ,h\se #age ,p9e #bbe ,purple #agd ,san ,b5ito ,h\se #age ,san ,clem5te ,h\se #age ,/ ,lucas ,h\se #age ,flam+o #af1 #hi ,flick]1 ,br[n #aed ,gild$ #aed ,guadalupe #aed ,me>ns's ,gild$ #bih ,nor!rn #aed ,nor?we/]n #aed ,r$-%aft$ #aed ,s\!rn #aed ,florida c,arulea #id ,flycat*]1 ,ald] #bji ,arizona ,cre/$ #bjc ,a%-?roat$ #bjc ,be>dless #baa ,buff-brea/$ #bae ,c\es #bjh ,cre/$ #bjc ,d]by #bjb ,=k-tail$ #bgf ,giraud #bgd ,gray #bji ,gre5-cre/$ #baj ,hammond #bji ,lea/ #bji ,l[] ,cali=nia #bjc ,mexican ,cre/$ #bjc ,nutt+ #bjc ,olivace\s #bjc ,olive-sid$ #bjh ,ridgway #baa1 #bii ,santa ,b>b>a #baj1 #bii ,scissor-tail$ #agg ,/ ,lucas #baj ,sulphur-belli$ #bjc ,traill #bji ,v]million #agg ,we/]n #baj ,wright #bji ,yell[-belli$ #baj ,frat]cula arctica #de glacialis #de naumanni #beh corniculata #de ,fregata aquila #gc ,fregatid,a #ae1 #fg ,fregetta grall>ia #bfj ,frigate ,bird #gc ,fringillid,a #cf1 #afd ,fulica am]icana #ii ,fulm> #ab1 #fc ,giant #bfj ,pacific #fc ,rodg]'s #fc ,sl5d]-bill$ #fc ,fulm>us glacialis #fc glupis*a #fc rodg]sii #fc ,gadwall #gg ,galeoscoptes c>ol95sis #bdg ,gallin,a #be1 #aac ,gall9ago delicata #aje ,gall9ula galeata #ii ,gall9ule1 ,florida #ii ,purple #ii ,gannet #ac1 #fi ,gavia adamsii #dd arctica #dd imb] #dd lumme #dd pacifica #dd ,gaviid,a #aj ,gelo*elidon nilotica #eh ,geococcyx cali=nianus #adf ,geo?lypis agilis #ahi beld+i #aid =mosa #aic philadelphia #ahi poliocephala #aid tolmiei #ahi tri*as #aic arizela #aid bra*idactyla #aid ignota #aid occid5talis #aic s9uosa #aid ,geotrygon *rysia #abf montana #abf ,glaucidium gnoma #adj cali=nicus #adj p9icola #bif hosk9sii #adj phal,anoides #adj ,gnatcat*]1 ,black-tail$ #bdc ,blue-gray #bdc ,plumbe\s #bdc ,we/]n #bdc ,godwit1 ,black-tail$ #bff ,hudsonian #aaj ,m>bl$ #aaj ,pacific #aaj ,gold5-eye1 ,am]ican #hj ,b>r[ #hj ,goldf9*1 ,am]ican #aib ,arkansas #aib ,cali=nia #aib ,european #agg ,gre5-back$ #bii ,lawr5ce #ahi ,mexican #aib ,we/]n #aib ,goose1 ,b>nacle #bfb ,goose1 ,bean #bfb ,blue #he ,cackl+ #hf ,canada #hf ,emp]or #he ,european ,:ite-front$ #bfc ,great] ,sn[ #hd ,hut*9s #hf ,less] ,sn[ #hd ,p9k-foot$ #bfc ,ross ,sn[ #hd ,:ite-*eek$ #hf ,:ite-front$ #he1 #bfb ,go%awk1 ,am]ican #aca ,mexican #aca ,we/]n #aca ,grackle1 ,boat-tail$ #bed ,bronz$ #bed ,florida #bed ,great-tail$ #bed ,purple #ce1 #bed ,grebe1 ,e>$ #dc ,holb,all #dc ,horn$ #dc ,lea/ #dc ,mexican #beg ,pi$-bill$ #i1 #dc ,we/]n #dd ,gre5-%ank #bff ,grosbeak1 ,alaskan ,p9e #agc ,black-head$ #bjg ,blue #aha ,ev5+ #cf1 #aii ,kadiak ,p9e #agc ,p9e #agc ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,p9e #agc ,rose-brea/$ #agd ,we/]n ,blue #aha ,we/]n ,ev5+ #aii ,gr\se1 ,alaska ,spruce #aag ,canada #aag ,canadian ,ruff$ #aah ,columbian ,%>p-tail$ #aba ,dusky #aag ,frankl9 #aag ,gray ,ruff$ #aah ,hudsonian ,spruce #aag ,oregon ,ruff$ #aah ,prairie ,%>p-tail$ #aba ,ri*>dson #aag ,ruff$ #bf1 #aah ,sage #abb ,%>p-tail$ #aba ,si]ra #bie ,sooty #aag ,gruid,a #bj1 #ie ,grus am]icana #if canad5sis #if mexicana #if ,gu>a alba #ij rubra #hi ,guillemot1 ,black #dh ,m&t #dh ,pigeon #dh ,guiraca c,arulea #aha lazula #aha ,gull1 ,bonap>te #ef ,black-back$ #ed ,cali=nia #ee ,frankl9 #ef ,glauc\s #ec ,glauc\s-w+$ #ec ,he]mann #ed ,h]r+ #aa1 #ee ,icel& #ec ,ivory #eb ,kittiwake #eb ,kumli5 #ec ,laugh+ #ef ,little #bei ,mew #beh ,nelson #ec ,po9t ,b>r[ #ec ,r+-bill$ #eb ,ross #ef ,sab9e #ef ,sib]ian #beh ,slaty-back$ #ed ,%ort-bill$ #eb ,vega #ee ,we/]n #ed ,gymnogyps cali=nianus #abi ,gyrfalcon #acf ,black #acf ,gray #acf ,:ite #acf ,,hamatopodid,a #be1 #ajj ,,hamatopus ba*mani #ajd fraz>i #ajd palliatus #ajd ,hali,aetus leucocephalus #acf ,halocypt5a microsoma #fe ,h>elda hyemalis #ha ,h>ri] #acj ,hawk1 ,am]ican ,r\gh-legg$ #ace ,broad-w+$ #acc ,coop] #aca ,des]t ,sp>r[ #acc ,duck #acg ,f]rug9\s ,r\gh-legg$ #ace ,fi% #abi ,florida ,r$-%\ld]$ #acc ,h>lan #acb ,h>ris #acb ,krid] #acb ,little ,sp>r[ #bif ,m>% #acj ,mexican ,black #acd ,pigeon #acg ,r$-belli$ #acc ,r$-%\ld]$ #acc ,r$-tail$ #bi1 #bh1 #acb ,s5nett ,:ite-tail$ #ace ,%>p-%9n$ #aca ,%ort-tail$ #acd ,snail #acj ,sp>r[ #acg ,/ ,lucas ,sp>r[ #ach ,swa9son #acc ,we/]n ,r$-tail #acb ,zone-tail$ #acd ,hea? ,h5 #aba ,heleodytes brunneicapillus #bcc aff9is #bcc an?onyi #bcc bryanti #bcc c\esi #bhh ,hel9aia swa9sonii #bae ,helm9?ophila ba*manii #aia celata #baj lutesc5s #baj sordida #baj *rysopt]a #ahi lawr5cei #aig leucobron*ialis #aig luci,a #bjf ,helm9?ophila p]egr9a #bab p9us #aia rubricapilla #aie gutturalis #aie virgini,a #aig ,helmi!ros v]mivorus #bae ,helodromas solit>ius #ajg c9namomeus #ajg ,h]odias egretta #ib ,h]odiones #ag1 #hg ,h]on1 ,an?ony ,gre5 #id ,black-cr[n$ ,night #ic ,european #bfd ,fraz> ,gre5 #id ,great ,blue #ib ,h]on1 ,great ,:ite #ib ,little ,blue #id ,little ,gre5 #ai1 #id ,l\isiana #id ,nor?we/ ,coa/ #ic ,sn[y #ib ,w>d #ic ,yell[-cr[n$ ,night #ic ,hesp]iphona vesp]t9a #aii montana #aii ,het]actitis incanus #aaa ,himantopus mexicanus #ajd ,hirundinid,a #cf1 #afe ,hirundo ery?roga/ra #bej ,hi/rionicus hi/rionicus #ha ,humm+bird1 ,all5 #afa ,anna #afa ,black-*9n$ #aei ,blue-?roat$ #afj ,blue-bill$ #afj ,broad-tail$ #afa ,buff-belli$ #afj ,calliope #afa ,co/a #aei ,lucif] #aei ,morcom #afa ,rieff] #afj ,rivoli #aei ,ruby-?roat$ #cc1 #afj ,ruf\s #afa ,salv9 #bih ,:ite-e>$ #afj ,xantus #aei ,hydranassa tricolor ruficollis #id ,hydro*elidon nigra sur9am5sis #fj ,hyloci*la alici,a #bci bicknelli #bci guttata #bch auduboni #bch nana #bch pallasii #bch fuscesc5s #bch salicicola #bch mu/el9a #bcc u/ulata #bci alm,a #bci ,adica #bci swa9sonii #bci ,ia*e latiro/ris #afj ,ibidid,a #ah1 #hg ,ibis1 ,glossy #ij ,sc>let #hi ,wood #ah1 #ij ,:ite #ij ,:ite-fac$ ,glossy #ah1 #ij ,ict]ia vir5s #aih longicauda #aih ,icterid,a #ce1 #afd ,ict]us audubonii #ahf bullocki #ahf cucullatus nelsoni #ahf s5netti #ahf galbula #ahf p>isorum #ahf spurius #bjf ,ict9ia mississippi5sis #acj ,ionornis m>t9ica1 #ii ,iridoprocne bicolor #bej ,ixoreus n,avius #bjg m]uloides #bjg ,jabiru #bfd ,jacana1 ,mexican #be1 #ajb sp9osa #ajb ,jacanid,a #be1 #ajj ,jaeg]1 ,long-tail$ #ea ,p>a/ic #aj1 #ea ,pom>9e #ea ,jay1 ,alaskan #beb ,beld+ #ahd ,black-head$ #ahe ,blue #ce1 #ahc ,blue-e>$ #ahd ,blue-front$ #ahe ,cali=nia #ahd ,canada #beb ,coa/ #bih ,c\* #ahc ,florida #ahd ,florida ,blue #ahc ,gray #beb ,gre5 #ahe ,labrador #beb ,long-cre/$ #ahe ,oregon #beb ,p9on #ahc ,que5 ,*>lotte #ahe ,rocky ,m\nta9 #beb ,santa ,cruz #ahd ,/ell] #ahe ,texan #ahd ,woodh\se #ahd ,xantus #ahd ,junco aik5i #bdj ,arizona #bda ,baird #bdj bairdi #bdj caniceps #bda1 #cjb ,c>ol9a #bdj ,c\es #bda1 #cjb dorsalis #bda1 #cjb ,gray-head$ #bda ,guadalupe #bdj hyemalis #bdj annect5s #cjb c>ol95sis #bdj connect5s #cjb insul>is #bdj me>nsi #bdj1 #cjb ,montana #bdj montanus #bdj1 #cjb oreganus #bda1 #cjb connect5s #bda1 #cjb p9osus #bda1 #cjb %ufeldti #bda ?urb]i #bda1 #cjb ,oregon #bda ph,aonotus dorsalis #bda palliatus #bda ,p9k-sid$ #bdj ,po9t ,p9os #bda ,r$-back$ #bda ,ridgway's #cjc ,%ufeldt #bda1 #cjb ,slate-color$ #bdj ,?urb] #bda ,t[ns5d #bdj t[ns5di #bdj ,:ite-w+$ #bdj ,killde] #bd1 #aab ,k+bird #bdg ,arkansas #bjb ,cass9 #bjb ,c\* #bjb ,gray #bdg ,k+fi%]1 ,belt$ #ca1 #adg ,nor?we/]n ,belt$ #big ,r+$ #bga ,texas #adg ,k+let1 ,dusky #agg ,gold5-cr[n$ #dj1 #ahg ,ruby-cr[n$ #agf1 #bae ,sitkan #agf1 #bae ,we/]n #ahg ,kite1 ,ev]glade #acj ,mississippi #acj ,swall[-tail$ #acj ,:ite-tail$ #acj ,kittiwake #eb ,pacific #eb ,r$-legg$ #eb ,knot #ajf ,lagopus ev]manni #abj lagopus #aai alexandr,a #bie all5i #aai ungavus #bie leucurus #aah p59sul>is #aah rupe/ris #aai atkh5sis #abj *amb]la9i #bif dixoni #bif nelsoni #aai re9h>di #aai t[ns5di #abj ,laniid,a #cg1 #aff ,lanius borealis #bdh ludovicianus #bdh migrans #cjd an?onyi #bdh excubitorides #bdh gambeli #bdh ,lapw+ #bfg ,larid,a #aa1 #ej ,l>k ,bunt+ #beb ,cali=nia ,horn$ #bja ,des]t ,horn$ #bja ,dusky ,horn$ #bja ,horn$ #cd1 #bjj ,hoyt ,horn$ #bjj ,isl& ,horn$ #bjb ,montezuma ,horn$ #bjb ,pallid ,horn$ #bjj ,prairie ,horn$ #bjj ,ruddy ,horn$ #bja ,scor*$ ,horn$ #bja ,sonoran ,horn$ #bjb ,/reak$ ,horn$ #bjj ,texan ,horn$ #bjj ,l>us aff9is #beh arg5tatus #ee atricilla #ef b>rovianus #ec bra*yrhyn*us #eb cali=nicus #ee canus #beh delaw>5sis #eb frankl9ii #ef glaucesc5s #ec glaucus #ec he]manni #ed kumli5i #ec leucopt]us #ec m>9us #ed m9utus #bei nelsoni #ec occid5talis #ed philadelphia #ef s*i/isagus #ed vegae #ee ,leptotila fulviv5tris bra*ypt]a #abe ,leuco/icte1 ,aleutian #agi atrata #agi au/ralis #agi ,black #agi ,br[n-capp$ #agi ,gray-cr[n$ #agi griseonu*a #agi ,hepburn #agi tephrocotis #agi littoralis #agi ,limicol,a #ba1 #ajj ,limosa f$oa #aaj h,ama/ica #aaj lapponica bau]i #aaj ,limpk9 #bj1 #if ,longip5nes #aj ,longspur1 ,alaskan #bai ,*e/nut-coll>$ #bah ,lapl& #bai ,mc,cown #bah ,smi? #bbj ,loon #aj1 #dd ,black-?roat$ #dd ,pacific #dd ,r$-?roat$ #dd ,yell[-bill$ #dd ,lophodytes cucullatus #gf ,lophortyx cali=nicus #aaf vallicola #aaf gambelii #aaf ,loxia curviro/ra m9or #agc /rickl&i #agc leucopt]a #agd ,lunda cirrhata #de ,macro*ires #cc1 #aed ,macrorhamphus griseus #ajf scolopaceus #ajf ,magpie ,am]ican #bec ,yell[-bill$ #bec ,mall>d #f1 #gf ,man-o'-,w> ,bird #gc ,m>eca am]icana #gg p5elope #gg ,m>% ,h5 #ih ,m>t9 ,cuban #bej ,gray-brea/$ #cjd ,purple #bej ,we/]n #bej ,mead[l>k #aii ,florida #aii ,texas #aii ,we/]n #aii ,megale/ris skua #ea ,megaquiscalus major #bed major macr\rus #bed ,megascops asio #ada aik5i #adb b5direi #ada c9]aceus #adb flammeola #adb floridanus #ada idah,ansis #adb k5nicottii #ada macf>lanei #adb maxwelli,a #ada mccalli #ada tri*opsis #adb xantusi #adb ,melan]pes ery?rocephalus #aec =miciviorus #aec angu/ifrons #aec bairdi #aec ,meleagris gallopavo int]m$ia #abb m]riami #abb osceola #abb silve/ris #abb ,melopelia asiatica asiatica #bif trudeaui #bif leucopt]a #abf ,melospiza c9]ea #bcj caur9a #bcj clement,a #bcj coop]i #bcj fallax #bbi gram9ea #bcj he]manni #bbi insignis #bcj juddi #bbi k5ai5sis #bcj melodia #bbi m]rilli #bbi montana #bbi morphna #bcj pusillula #bcj rivul>is #bbi ruf9a #bcj samuelis #bcj ,melospiza georgiana #bbb l9colnii #bbf /riata #bbf melodia cleon5sis #cja maxill>is #cjj ,m]gans]1 ,am]ican #gf am]icanus #gf ,hood$ #gf ,r$-brea/$ #ae1 #gf s]rator #gf ,m]gus albellus #bfa ,m]l91 ,black #acg ,ri*>dson #acg ,m]ula conf9is #bjg migratoria #bjg migratoria a*ru/]a #bjg prop9qua #bjg ,micropalama himantopus #ajf ,micropallas :itneyi #adj ,micropodid,a #cc1 #aee ,mimid,a #bid ,mimus polyglottos #bdh leucopt]us #bdh ,mniotilta v>ia #bdi ,mniotiltid,a #ch1 #afg ,mock+bird #bdh ,we/]n #bdh ,molo?rus at] #bec obscurus #bec ,motacillid,a #ch1 #afg ,murre #dh ,brunni* #dh ,cali=nia #dh ,pallas #dh ,murrelet1 ,anci5t #dg ,crav]i #df ,kittlitz #df ,m>bl$ #df ,xantus #df ,muscivora =ficata #agg tyrannus #bgf ,myade/es t[ns5dii #bdg ,myct]ia am]icana #bfc ,myi>*us c9]asc5s #bjc nutt+i #bjc p]t9ax #bjc cr9itus #bjc lawr5cei olivasc5s #bjc mexicanus #bjc magi/] #bjc ,myiodyna/es luteiv5tris #bjc ,myiozetetes similis sup]ciliosus #bgd ,netta ruf9a #bfb ,nettion c>ol95sis #gh crecca #bfa ,nigh?awk #aeg ,florida #aeg ,s5nett #aeg ,texan #aeg ,we/]n #aeg ,noddy #fj ,nomonyx dom9icus #hj ,nonp>eil #ahj ,nucifraga columbiana #beb ,num5ius borealis #ajc hudsonicus #ajc longiro/ris #ajc tahiti5sis #bie ,nutcrack]1 ,cl>ke #beb ,nu?at* ,br[n-head$ #bdf ,florida #bdf ,pygmy #bdf ,r$-brea/$ #ci1 #bdf ,rocky ,m\nta9 #bdf ,sl5d]-bill$ #bdf ,/ ,lucas #bdf ,:ite-brea/$ #bdf ,:ite-nap$ #bdg ,nuttallornis borealis #bjh ,nyctala acadica #adj scot,aa #adj t5gmalmi ri*>dsoni #aci ,nyctanassa violacea #ic ,nyctea nyctea #adc ,nycticorax nycticorax n,avius #ic ,nyctidromus albicollis m]rilli #aeg ,oceanites oceanicus #ff ,oceanodroma cryptoleucura #bfj furcata #fe homo*roa #fe ka$+i #fe leucorhoa #ff macrodactyla #ff melania #ff socorro5sis #ff ,o*?odromus wilsonius #aab ,odontogloss,a #af1 #hg ,oidemia am]icana #hc degl&i #hc fusca #bfb p]spicillata #hc ,olbior*ilus alasc5sis #bcf hiemalis #bcf hell]i #bcf pacificus #bcf melig]us #bcf ,old-squaw #ha ,olor bucc9ator #hd columbianus #hd cygnus #bfc ,oreortyx pictus #aaf conf9is #aaf plumif]us #aaf ,oreospiza *lorura #bjf ,oriole1 ,arizona ,hood$ #ahf ,audubon #ahf ,baltimore #ce1 #ahf ,bullock #ahf ,hood$ #ahf ,or*>d #bjf ,scott #ahf ,s5nett #bgi ,orni?ion imb]be #baa ridgwayi #baa ,oroscoptes montanus #bcc ,ortalis vetula maccalli #abb ,osprey1 ,am]ican #abi ,ossifraga gigantea #bei ,otocoris alpe/ris #bjj actia #bja adu/a #bja arcticola #bjj giraudi #bjj hoyti #bjj insul>is #bjb leucol,ama #bja m]rilli #bja occid5talis #bjb pallida #bjb praticola #bjj rubea #bja /rigata #bja ,otus asio gilmani #big ,ouzel1 ,wat] #bdg ,ov5-bird #bcb ,owl1 ,acadian #adj ,aik5 ,scree* #adb ,am]ican ,hawk #adc ,am]ican ,long-e>$ #ach ,arctic ,horn$ #adc ,b>n #bi1 #ach ,b>r$ #aci ,burr[+ #ach ,cali=nia ,pygmy #adj ,cali=nia ,scree* #ada ,dusky ,horn$ #adc ,dw>f ,scree* #adb ,elf #adj ,f]rug9\s ,pygmy #adj ,flammulat$ ,scree* #adb ,florida ,b>r$ #aci ,burr[+ #ach ,scree* #ada ,great ,gray #aci ,great ,horn$ #adc ,hosk9 #adj ,k5nicott ,scree* #ada ,labrador ,horn$ #big ,long-e>$ #ach ,mac,farlane ,scree* #adb ,mexican ,scree* #adb ,monkey-fac$ #ach ,nor!rn ,saw-:et #adj ,nor!rn ,spott$ #aci ,pacific ,horn$ #adc ,pygmy #adj ,ri*>dson #aci ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,scree* #ada ,sahauro ,scree* #big ,sa9t ,mi*ael ,horn$ #big ,saw-:et #adj ,scree* #cj1 #ada ,%ort-e>$ #ach ,sn[y #adc ,spott$ #aci ,scree* #adb ,texas ,b>r$ #aci ,texas ,scree* #ada ,we/]n ,horn$ #adc ,xantus ,scree* #adb ,oxye*us vocif]us #aab ,oy/]-cat*]1 ,am]ican #be1 #ajd ,black #ajd ,european #bfg ,fraz> #ajd ,pagophila alba #eb ,paludicol,a #ai1 #ie ,p&ion halia,atus c>ol95sis #bi ,pandionid,a #bid ,p>abuteo unic9tus h>risi #acb ,p>auque1 ,m]rill #aeg ,parid,a #ci1 #afi ,p>oquet1 ,c>ol9a #cj1 #ade ,p>rot1 ,?ick-bill$ #ade ,p>tridge #aah ,alaska ,spruce #bie ,cali=nia #aaf ,canada ,spruce #bie ,*e/nut-belli$ ,scal$ #aaf ,gambel #aaf ,hudsonian ,spruce #bie ,me>ns #aae ,m\nta9 #aaf ,p>tridge1 ,plum$ #aaf ,san ,p$ro #aaf ,scal$ #aaf ,valley #aaf ,p>us atricapillus #bde occid5talis #bde sept5trionalis #bde c>ol95sis #bde agilis #bde c9ctus alasc5sis #bdd gambeli #bdd hudsonicus #bdd columbianus #bdd littoralis #bdd /oneyi #bdd rufesc5s #bdd b>l[i #bdd neglectus #bdd sclat]i #bde wollweb]i #bdd ,pass] dome/icus #bai ,pass]culus beld+i #bbc pr9ceps #bbe s&wi*5sis #bbc alaud9us #bbc bryanti #bbc nevad5sis #cjj savanna #bbc ro/ratus #bbc guttatus #bbc halophilus #bbd sanctorum #bbd ,pass]ella iliaca #bca annect5s #bca fulig9osa #bca1 #cja insul>is #bca1 #cja meg>hyn*a #bca s*i/acea #bca /eph5si #bca t[ns5di #bca unalas*5sis #bca ,pass]es #cd1 #afb ,pass]9a hyp]boreus #bea nivalis #bea t[ns5di #bea ,pedi,acetes phasianellus #aba campe/ris #aba columbianus #aba ,pelagodroma m>9a #bfj ,pelecanid,a #ae1 #fg ,pelecanus cali=nicus #gc ery?rorhyn*us #gc occid5talis #gc ,pelican1 ,am]ican ,:ite #gc ,br[n #ae1 #gc ,cali=nia ,br[n #gc ,pelidna alp9a pacifica #ajh ,p5!/es c>ol95sis impig] #cjc gambeli bailey,a #cjc rufesc5s vivax #cjc ,p]isoreus canad5sis #beb capitalis #beb fumifrons #beb nigricapillus #beb obscurus #beb griseus #beb ,petrel1 ,a%y #fe ,black #ff ,black-capp$ #fe ,bulw]'s #bfj ,fi%]'s #bfj ,=k-tail$ #fe ,guadalupe #ff ,hawaiian #bfj ,ka$+'s #fe ,lea*'s #ab1 #ff ,lea/ #fe ,p9tado #bfj ,scal$ #bfj ,socorro #ff ,/ormy #ff ,:ite-belli$ #bfj ,:ite-fac$ #bfj ,wilson's #ff ,petro*elidon lunifrons #bej ta*9a #cjd melanoga/ra #bej1 #cjd ,peuc,aa ,a/ivalis #bba ba*manii #bba bott]ii #bba cass9i #bba ,pewee1 ,we/]n ,wood #bjh ,l>ge-bill$ ,wood #bjh ,wood #bjh ,pha,a?on am]icanus #fi ,a!reus #fi rubricaudus #bfj ,pha,athontid,a #ac1 #fg ,pha9opepla #bec nit5s #bec ,phalacrocoracid,a #ad1 #fg ,phalacrocorax dilophus #ga albociliatus #ga c9c9atus #ga floridanus #ga mexicanus #gb pelagicus #gb respl5d5s #gb ,phalacrocorax pelagicus robu/us #gb p5icillatus #gb urile #gb ,phal,anoptilus nuttallii #aef cali=nicus #aef nitidus #aef ,phal>ope1 ,nor!rn #ba1 #ajb ,r$ #ajb ,wilson #ajb ,phalaropodid,a #ba1 #ajj ,phal>opus lobatus #ajb ,phasianid,a #bg1 #aac ,phasianus col*icus #aac1 #abb torquatus #aac1 #aba ,pheasant1 ,engli% #aac1 #abb ,r+-neck$ #abc1 #abb ,philacte canagica #he ,philohela m9or #aje ,ph,abe #cd1 #bjh ,black #bea ,say #bje ,we/]n ,black #bea ,ph,abetria fulig9osa #fb ,ph,anicopterid,a #ag1 #hg ,ph,anicopt]us rub] #hi ,phyllopseu/es borealis #bab ,pica pica hudsonia #bec nuttalli #bec ,pici #cb1 #adh ,picid,a #cb1 #adh ,picoides am]icanus #adi dorsalis #adi fasciatus #adi arcticus #adi ,pigeon1 ,b&-tail$ #abd ,pass5g] #abe ,r$-bill$ #abd ,scal$ #bfi ,viosca #abd ,:ite-cr[n$ #abd ,wild #abe ,p9cola enucleator alasc5sis #agc cali=nica #agc flammula #agc leucura #agc montana #agc ,p9tail #gf ,pipilo ab]ti #bje consobr9us #bjd ery?roph?almus #bjd all5i #bjd fuscus albigula #bje crissalis #bje mesoleucus #bje ,pipilo fuscus s5icula #bje maculatus arcticus #bjd atratus #bjd clement,a #bjd magniro/ris #bjd megalonyx #bjd oregonus #bjd ,pipit #ch1 #bcb ,sprague #bcb ,piranga ery?romelas #aga hepatica #aga ludovicianus #aga rubra #aga coop]i #aga ,pitangus d]bianus #bjb ,plataleid,a #ah1 #hg ,platyps>is albiv5tris #bgd ,plegadis autumnalis #ij gu>auna #ij ,plov]1 ,black-belli$ #bd1 #aaj ,european ,gold5 #bfg ,gold5 #aaj ,little ,r+$ #bfg ,mongolian #bfg ,m\nta9 #aje ,pacific ,gold5 #aaj ,pip+ #aab ,r+ #aab ,semipalmat$ #aab ,sn[y #aab ,wilson #aab ,plautus imp5nis #dh ,podasocys montana #aje ,podicipid,a #i ,podilymbus podiceps #dc ,polioptila c,arulea #bdc obscura #bdc cali=nica #bdc plumbea #bdc ,polyborus *]iway #acd lutosus #acd ,pocecetes gram9eus #bba aff9is #bba conf9is #bba ,poor-w #aef ,cali=nia #aef ,fro/$ #aef ,porzana c>ol9a #ih coturniculus #bid jamaic5sis #ih noveborac5sis #ig ,prairie ,h5 #aba ,attwat] #aba ,less] #aba ,priocella glacialoides #fc ,pri(9us c9]eus #bfj ,procell>ia pelagica #ff ,procellariid,a #ab1 #fa ,progne *alybea #cjd cryptoleucus #bej subis #bej hesp]ia #bej ,protonot>ia citrea #ahg ,psaltrip>us lloydi #bdb m9imus #bdb cali=nicus #bdb grind,a #bdb plumbeus #bdb santarit,a #bdb ,psittaci #cj1 #add ,psittacid,a #cj1 #add ,pt>migan #aai ,adak #bif ,alex&] #bie ,*amb]la9 #bif ,all5 #aai ,dixon #bif ,ev]mann #abj ,k5ai ,:ite-tail$ #aah ,nelson #aai ,re9h>dt #aai ,rock #aai ,t[ns5d #abj ,turn] #abj ,ungava #bie ,wel* #abj ,:ite-tail$ #aah ,will[ #aai ,ptilogonatid,a #bih ,pty*oramphus aleuticus #df ,puff9 #de ,horn$ #de ,l>ge-bill$ #de ,tuft$ #de ,puff9us assimilis #bfj auricul>is #fd borealis #fd bull]i #bfj creatopus #fd cuneatus #fc gravis #fd griseus #fc lh]m9i]i #fd opi/homelas #fd puff9us #bei t5uiro/ris #fd ,pygopodes #i ,pyocephalus rub9eus mexlcanus #agg ,pyrrhuloxia1 ,arizona #agb s9uata #agb peninsul,a #agb texana #agb ,/ ,lucas #agb ,quail #aae ,qu]qu$ula cyanopt]a #gh discors #gh ,quiscalus quiscula #bed agl,au #bed ,aneus #bed ,rail1 ,beld+ #ig ,black #ih ,cali=nia ,clapp] #ig ,c>ibbean ,clapp] #ih ,c>ol9a #ih ,clapp] #bj1 #ih ,f>allon #bfe ,k+ #ig ,light-foot$ #bid ,l\isiana ,clapp] #ih ,scott ,clapp] #ih ,virg9ia #ig ,wayne ,clapp] #ih ,yell[ #ig ,rallid,a #ba1 #ie ,rallus beld+i #ig crepitans #ih saturatus #ih scottii #ih waynei #ih elegans #ig levipes #bid longiro/ris carib,au #ih obsoletus #ig virg9ianus #ig ,raptores #bh1 #abg ,rav51 ,am]ican #bee ,nor!rn #bee ,:ite-neck$ #bee ,recurviro/ra am]icana #ajc ,recurvirostrid,a #bc1 #ajj ,r$head #gi ,r$poll #ce1 #agf ,great] #agf ,gre5l& #agf ,ho>y #agf ,holb,all #agf ,r$-%ank #bff ,r$/>t1 ,am]ican #ch1 #ahg ,pa9t$ #agg ,r$-tail1 ,alaska #bif ,r$-w+1 ,bahaman #agh ,florida #agh ,nor?we/]n #agh ,san ,diego #agh ,sonoran #agh ,?ick-bill$ #agh ,v]a ,cruz #bih ,re$bird #bea ,regulus cal5dula #agf1 #bae gr9nelli #agf1 #bae obscurus #agg satrapa #ahg olivaceus #ahg ,rhodo/e?ia rosea #ef ,rhyn*ophanes mcc[nii #bah ,rhyn*opsitta pa*yrhyn*a #ade ,rip>ia rip>ia #baa ,rissa breviro/ris #eb tridactyla #eb pollic>is #eb ,road-runn] #adf ,rob9 #cd1 #bjg ,s\!rn #bjg ,/ ,lucas #bjg ,we/]n #bjg ,ro/rhamus sociabilis #acj ,r\gh-leg1 ,f]rug9\s #ace ,ruff #bff ,rynchopid,a #ab1 #eb ,ryn*ops nigra #fj ,salp9ctes obsoletus #bcd pulv]ius #cja guadel\p5sis #bcd ,s&]l+ #ajh ,s&pip] ,aleutian #ajg ,baird #aji ,b>tramian #aje ,buff-brea/$ #aje ,curlew #ajf ,gre5 #bff ,lea/ #aji ,pectoral #aji ,prybil( #ajh ,purple #ajg ,r$-back$ #ajh ,semipalmat$ #bc1 #ajh ,%>p-tail$ #aji ,solit>y #ajg ,spoonbill #bff ,spott$ #ajg ,/ilt #ajf ,upl& #aje ,we/]n #aji ,we/]n ,solit>y #ajg ,:ite-rump$ #aji ,sapsuck]1 ,nor!rn ,r$-brea/$ #aeb ,r$-brea/$ #aeb ,r$-nap$ #aeb ,williamson #aeb ,yell[-belli$ #aeb ,saxicola ,anan! #bdh leucorhoa #bdh ,sayornis nigricans #bea semiatra #bea ph,abe #bjh saya #bje ,sc>dafella inca #abf ,scolecophagus c>ol9us #bed cyanocephalus #bed ,scolopacid,a #bc1 #ajj ,scot]1 ,am]ican #hc ,surf #hc ,velvet #bfb ,:ite-w+$ #hc ,scotiaptex nebulosa #aci ,se$-eat]1 ,morellet #bdi ,seiurus aurocapillus #bcb motacilla #bcb noveborac5sis #bcb notabilis #bcb ,selasphorus all5i #afa platyc]cus #afa rufus #afa ,setophaga picta #agg ruticilla #ahg ,%e>wat] ,alli$ #bfj ,audubon #fd1 #bfj ,black-tail$ #bfj ,black-v5t$ #fd ,bull] #bfj ,cory #fd ,d>k-bodi$ #fc ,great] #fd ,manx #bei ,new ,zeal& #bfj ,p9k-foot$ #fd ,sl5d]-bill$ #fd ,sooty #fc ,t[ns5d #fd ,w$ge-tail$ #fc ,%eldrake #bfb ,ruddy #bfb ,%ovell] #gh ,%rike1 ,cali=nia #bdh ,isl& #bdh ,logg]head #bdh ,migrant #cjd ,nor!rn #cg1 #bdh ,%rike1 ,:ite-rump$ #bdh ,sialia arctica #ahb mexicana anabel,a #ahb bairdi #ahb occid5tals #ahb sialis #ahb azurea #ahb ,simorhyn*us cri/atellus #dg pusillus #dg pygm,au #dg ,sisk91 ,p9e #bbe ,sitta canad5sis3 #bdf c>ol95sis #bdf aculeata #bdf atk9si #bdf lagun,a #bdf nelsoni #bdf pusilla #bdf pygm,aa #bdf leuconu*a #bdg ,sittid,a #bid ,skimm]1 ,black #aa1 #fj ,skua #ea ,skyl>k #big ,smew #bfb ,snakebird #gc ,snipe1 ,european #bfe ,great #bff ,wilson #aje ,sn[flake #bea ,mc,kay #bea ,pribil( #bea ,solitaire1 ,t[ns5d #bdg ,somat]ia dress]i #hb molissima borealis #hb spectabilis #hb v-nigra #hb ,sora #bj1 #ih ,sp>r[1 ,acadian ,%>p-tail$ #bbe ,ba*man #bba ,baird #bbd ,beld+ ,m>% #bbc ,bell #bbh ,black-*9n$ #bai ,black-?roat$ #bdi ,bott]i #bba ,brew/] #bbh ,br[n ,song #bbi ,bryant ,m>% #bbc ,cali=nia ,sage #cjj ,cass9 #bba ,*ipp+ #bbb ,clay-color$ #bbh ,des]t #bdi ,des]t ,song #bbi ,dusky ,seaside #bbf ,engli% #bai ,field #bbb ,fi%] ,seaside #bbf ,florida ,gras%opp] #bbd ,=bu% #bbf ,fox #bca ,gold5-cr[n$ #bbg ,gras%opp] #bbd ,gray ,sage #bbh ,h5sl[ #bbd ,h>ris #bai ,he]man ,song #bbi ,int]m$iate #bbg ,ipswi* #bbe ,kadiak ,fox #bca1 #cja ,lagoon #bbd ,laguna #bbj ,l>ge-bill$ #bbc ,l>k #bah ,leconte #bbe ,l9coln #bbf ,macgillivray ,seaside #bbf ,m5doc9o ,song #cja ,m]rill ,song #bbf ,m\nta9 ,song #bbi ,nelson #bbe ,nevada ,savannah #cjj ,nuttall #bbg ,p9e ,woods #bba ,vesp] #bba ,rock #bbj ,ruf\s-cr[n$ #bbj ,ruf\s-w+$ #bbj ,ru/y ,song #bcj ,sage #bbh ,samuel ,song #bcj ,san ,b5ito #bbd ,san ,clem5te ,song #bcj ,san ,diego ,song #bcj ,s&wi* #bbc ,savanna #bbc ,scott #bbj ,scott ,seaside #bbf ,seaside #bbf ,%>p-tail$ #bbe ,%umag9 ,fox #bca ,slate-color$ #bca ,song #bbi ,sooty ,fox #bca1 #cja ,/eph5 #bca ,/ ,lucas #bbc ,suisun ,song #cjj ,swamp #bbb ,texas #bae ,texas ,seaside #bbf ,?ick-bill$ #bca ,tree #bbb ,t[ns5d #bca ,vesp] #bba ,we/]n ,*ipp+ #bbb ,we/]n ,field #bbb ,we/]n ,gras%opp] #bbd ,we/]n ,h5sl[ #bbd ,we/]n ,l>k #bah ,we/]n ,savanna #bbc ,we/]n ,tree #bbb ,we/]n ,vesp] #bba ,:ite-cr[n$ #bbg ,:ite-?roat$ #bbg ,wor!n #bbh ,yakutat ,fox #bca ,spatula clypeata #gh ,speotyto hypog,aa cunicul>ia #ach floridana #ach ,sphyrapicus rub] #aeb notk5sis #aeb ?yroideus #aeb v>ius #aeb nu*alis #aeb ,sp9us p9us #bbe ,spiza am]icana #aih ,spizella atrogul>is #bai brew]i #bbh monticola #bbb o*racea #bbb pallida #bbh pusilla #bbb ar5acea #bbb socialis #bbb arizon,a #bbb wor!ni #bbh ,spoonbill1 ,roseate #hi ,sporophila morelleti #bdi ,squat>ola squat>ola #aaj ,/>l+ #bec ,starn,anas cyanocephala #abf ,/eganopodes #ac1 #fg ,/eganopus tricolor #ajb ,/elgidopt]yx s]rip5nis #baa ,/ellula calliope #afa ,stercorariid,a #aj1 #di ,/]cor>ius longicaudus #ea p>a/icus #ea pom>9us #ea ,/]na an,a!tus #eh antill>um #eh aleutica #eh caspia #eg d\galli #ei elegans #eg =/]i #ei fulig9osa #fj hirundo #ei maxima #eg paridis,aa #ei s&vic5sis acuflavida #eg trudeaui #bei ,/ilt1 ,black-neck$ #bb1 #ajd ,/9t1 ,long-to$ #bff ,strigid,a #abg ,/rix prat9cola #ach ,/urnella magna #aii argutula #aii hoopesi #aii neglecta #aii ,sturnid,a #afd ,/urnus vulg>is #bec ,sula bassana #fi brew/]i #gj cyanops #gj neb\xii #gj piscator #gj sula #gj ,sulid,a #ac1 #fg ,surf ,bird #aaa ,surnia ulula cap>o* #adc ,swall[1 ,bank #baa ,b>n #bej ,cliff #bej ,less] ,cliff #cjd ,mexican ,cliff #bej ,nor!rn ,violet-gre5 #bej ,r\gh-w+$ #baa ,/ ,lucas #bea ,tree #cf1 #bej ,:ite-belli$ #bej ,swall[-tail$ ,kite #acj ,swan1 ,trumpet] #hd ,:i/l+ #hd ,:oop+ #bfc ,swift1 ,black #aeh ,*imney #cc1 #aeh ,vaux #aeh ,:ite-?roat$ #aeh ,sylviid,a #dj1 #afi ,symphemia semipalmata #aaa inornata #aaa ,syn?liboramphus antiquus #dg ,syrnium occid5tale #aci caur9um #aci ,syrnium v>ium #aci all5i #aci helveolum #aci ,ta*yc9eta ?alass9a lepida #bej bra*ypt]a #bea ,tanag]1 ,coop] #aga ,hepatic #aga ,l\isiana #aga ,sc>let #aga ,summ] #cf1 #aga ,we/]n #aga ,tanagrid,a #cf1 #afe ,tangavius ,aneus ,aneus #cjd involucratus #cjd ,tantalus loculator #ij ,tattl]1 ,w&]+ #aaa ,teal1 ,blue-w+$ #gh ,c9namon #gh ,gre5-w+$ #gh ,telmatodytes marian,a #bcg palu/ris #bcg griseus #bcg iliacus #cja paludicola #bcg plesius #bcg ,t]n1 ,am]ican ,black #fj ,aleutian #eh ,arctic #ei ,bridl$ #eh ,cabot #eg ,caspian #eg ,common #aa1 #ei ,elegant #eg ,=/] #ei ,gull-bill$ #eh ,lea/ #eh ,roseate #ei ,royal #eg ,sooty #fj ,trudeau #bei ,:ite-w+$ ,black #bei ,tetraonid,a #bf1 #aac ,?alassog]on culm9atus #fb ,?ra%]1 ,b5dire #baf ,br[n #ci1 #bcc ,cali=nian #bag ,crissal #bag ,curve-bill$ #baf ,des]t #bag ,leconte #bag ,me>ns #baf ,palm] #baf ,pasad5a #bag1 #cjj ,sage #bhh ,s5nett #bch ,/ ,lucas #baf ,?ru%1 ,alaska ,h]mit #bch ,alma #bci1 #cjb ,audubon ,h]mit #bch ,bicknell #bci ,cali=nia ,olive-back$ #bci1 #cjb ,dw>f ,h]mit #bch ,gray-*eek$ #bci ,h]mit #bch ,mont]ey ,h]mit #cjb ,olive-back$ #bci ,pale ,v>i$ #bjg ,russet-back$ #bci ,si]ra ,h]mit #cjb ,v>i$ #bjg ,will[ #bch ,wilson #bch ,wood #dj1 #bcc ,?ryomanes bewickii #bce calophonus #bce *>i5turus #bce cryptus #bce leucoga/] #bce spilurus #bce brevicauda #bce leucophrys #bce ,?ryo?orus ludovicianus #bcd lomit5sis #bcd miam5sis #bcd ,titl>k #bcb ,titm\se1 ,a%y #bdb ,black-cre/$ #bdc ,bridl$ #bdd ,gray #bdb ,pla9 #bdb ,s5nett #cjc ,texan ,tuft$ #bdc1 #cjb ,tuft$ #bdc ,totanus flavipes #aaa melanoleucus #aaa ,t[hee #bjd ,ab]t #bjf ,an?ony #bje ,arctic #bjd ,cali=nian #bje ,canon #bje ,gre5-tail$ #bjf ,guadalupe #bjd ,m\nta9 #bjd ,oregon #bjd ,san ,clem5te #bjd ,san ,diego #bjd ,t[hee1 ,spurr$ #bjd ,/ ,lucas #bje ,:ite-ey$ #bjd ,toxo/oma b5direi #baf c9]eum #baf me>nsi #baf crissalis #bag curviro/re #baf palm]i #baf lecontei #bag ar5icola #bag longiro/re s5netti #bcc r$ivivum #bag pasad55se #bag rufum #bcc ,tree ,duck1 ,black-belli$ #hc ,fulv\s #hc ,tr+a canutus #ajf ,trochilid,a #cc1 #aee ,tro*ilus alex&ri #aei colubris #afj ,troglodytes a,adon #bcf p>kmanii #bcf aztecus #bcf1 #cja ,troglodytid,a #ci1 #afh1 #bid ,trogon ambiguus #adg ,copp]y-tail$ #ca1 #adg ,trogonid,a #ca1 #add ,tropic ,bird #fi ,r$-bill$ #fi ,r$-tail$ #bfj ,yell[-bill$ #ac1 #fi ,tryngites subruficollis #aje ,tub9>es #ab ,turdid,a #dj1 #agj ,turkey ,florida #abb ,m]riam #abb ,rio ,gr&e #abb ,wat] #gc ,wild #bg1 #abb ,turn/one #bd1 #ajb ,black #ajg ,ruddy #ajb ,tympanu*us am]icanus #aba attwat]i #aba pallidic9ctus #aba ,tyrannid,a #cd1 #afc ,tyrannus #bjb dom9c5sis #bdg melan*olicus c\*i #bjb tyrannus #bdg v]ticalis #bjb vocif]ans #bjb ,uranomitra salv9i #bih ,uria lomvia #dh arra #dh troile #dh cali=nica #dh ,urubit+a an?rac9a #acd ,v]d9 #aie ,baird #aie ,vireo1 ,an?ony #bab atricapillus #bde ,bell #bad belli #bad m$ius #bii ,b]muda #bac ,black-capp$ #bde ,black-:isk]$ #bab ,blue-head$ #bad calidris b>batulus #bab ,cass9 #bad flavifrons #aih flavoviridis #bac ,fraz> #bii gilvus #bac swa9sonii #bac ,gray #bad ,hutton #bab huttoni #bab cognatus #bii obscurus #bab /eph5si #bab ,key ,we/ #bac ,lea/ #bad ,m\nta9 ,solit>y #bad noveborac5sis #bac b]mudianus #bac mayn>di #bac micrus #bac olivaceus #bab ,philadelphia #bac philadelphicus #bac ,plumbe\s #bad pusillus #bad ,r$-ey$ #cg1 #bab ,small ,:ite-ey$ #bac solit>ius #bad alticola #bad cass9ii #bad lucasanus #bad plumbeus #bad ,/ ,lucas #bad ,/eph5s #bab ,texas #bii vic9ior #bad ,w>bl+ #bac ,we/]n ,w>bl+ #bac ,:ite-ey$ #bac ,yell[-gre5 #bac ,yell[-?roat$ #aih ,vireonid,a #cg1 #aff ,vulture1 ,black #abi ,cali=nia #abi ,turkey #bh1 #abi ,wagtail1 ,sib]ian ,yell[ #aib ,w>bl]1 ,alaskan ,yell[ #aif ,audubon #aij ,ba*man #aia ,bay-brea/$ #bjf ,black & ,:ite #bdi ,blackburnian #ahg ,black-front$ #aij ,black-poll #bdi ,black-?roat$ ,blue #ahj ,black-?roat$ ,gray #bdi ,black-?roat$ ,gre5 #ahh ,blue-w+$ #aia ,brew/] #aig ,cairns #ahj ,calav]as #aie ,cali=nia ,yell[ #bii ,canadian #aia ,cape ,may #aif ,c]ulean #aha ,*e/nut-sid$ #aih ,connecticut #ahi ,dusky #baj ,gold5-*eek$ #ahh ,gold5 ,pileat$ #aic ,gold5-w+$ #ahi ,grace #aij ,h]mit #ahh ,hood$ #ahh ,k5nicott ,will[ #bab ,k5tucky #aic ,kirtl& #aia ,lawr5ce #aig ,lucy #bjf ,lutesc5t #baj ,macgillivray #ahi ,magnolia #aij ,mangrove #aif ,m\rn+ #ahi ,myrtle #aig ,na%ville #ch1 #aie ,nor!rn ,p>ula #aie ,olive #ahg ,orange-cr[n$ #baj ,palm #aif ,p>ula #aie ,pileat$ #aic ,p9e #aia ,prairie #aig ,pro?ont>y #ahg ,r$-fac$ #agg ,s5nett #aie ,sonora #aif ,swa9son #bae ,sycamore #aij ,t5nessee #bab ,t[ns5d #ahh ,virg9ia #aig ,wilson #aic ,worm-eat+ #bae ,yell[ #ch1 #aif ,yell[ ,palm #aig ,yell[-?roat$ #aij ,wat]-,?ru% #bcb ,gr9nell #bcb ,l\isiana #bcb ,waxw+1 ,bohemian #aih ,c$> #cg1 #aih ,:eate> #bdh ,gre5l& #bdh ,:imbrel #bfg ,:ip-poor-w #cc1 #aef ,/eph5 #aef ,:iskey ,jack #beb ,widgeon1 ,european #gg ,willet #aaa ,we/]n #aaa ,wilsonia canad5sis #aia mitrata #ahh pusilla #aic *ryseola #aic pileota #aih ,woodcock1 ,am]ican #bc1 #aje ,european #bfe ,woodpeck]1 ,alaska ,d[ny #aej ,alaskan ,?ree-to$ #adi ,alp9e ,?ree-to$ #adi ,am]ican ,?ree-to$ #cb1 #adi ,arctic ,?ree-to$ #adi ,arizona #aea ,bat*eld] #aej ,cabanis #aej ,cactus #big ,cali=nia #aeh ,d[ny #aed ,gairdn] #aee ,gila #aeh ,gold5-front$ #aeh ,hairy #aej ,h>ris #aej ,ivory-bill$ #adi ,lewis #aeb ,n>r[-front$ #aec ,newf\ndl& #big ,nor!rn ,d[ny #aej ,nor!rn ,hairy #aej ,nor!rn ,pileat$ #cb1 #adi ,nuttall #aea ,pileat$ #adi ,que5 ,*>lotte #aej ,r$-belli$ #aec ,r$-cockad$ #aea ,r$-head$ #aec ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,hairy #aej ,sa9t ,lucas #aea ,san ,f]n&o #big ,s\!rn ,d[ny #aej ,/rip$-brea/$ #aec ,texan #aea ,:ite-brea/$ #big ,:ite-head$ #aea ,will[ #aea ,wr51 ,alaskan #bce ,aztec #bcf ,aleutian #bcf ,baird #bce ,bewick #bce ,bryant ,cactus #bcc ,cactus #bcc ,canon #bcd ,c>ol9a #bcd ,des]t ,cactus #bcc ,dott$ ,canon #bcd ,florida #bcd ,guadalupe #bce ,guadalupe ,rock #bcd ,h\se #ci1 #bcf ,int]ior ,tule #bcg ,kadiak ,w9t] #bcf ,lomita #bcd ,long-bill$ ,m>% #bcg ,m>ian ,m>% #bcg ,nor?we/ ,bewick #bce ,p>kman #bcf ,prairie ,m>% #cja ,rock #bcd ,san ,clem5te #bce ,san ,nicolas #cja ,%ort-bill$ ,m>% #bcf ,s\?we/ ,bewick #bce ,/ ,lucas ,cactus #bcc ,texas ,bewick #bce ,texan ,cactus #bcc ,tule #bcg ,vigors #bce ,we/]n ,h\se #bcf ,we/]n ,w9t] #bcf ,:ite-?roat$ #bcd ,w9t] #bcf ,wor?+ton ,m>% #bcg ,wr5-,tit1 ,coa/ #baf1 #cjj ,pallid #bae1 #cjj ,ruddy #cjj ,xan?ocephalus xan?ocephalus #aii ,xan?\ra luxuosa glaucesc5s #ahe ,xema sab9ii #ef ,x5opicus albol>vatus #aea ,yell[-legs #aaa ,great] #aaa ,yell[-?roat1 ,beld+ #aid ,florida #aid ,m>yl& #aic ,nor!rn #aid ,pacific #aid ,rio ,gr&e #aid ,salt ,m>% #aid ,we/]n #aic ,zamelodia ludoviciana #agd melanocephala #bjg ,z5aida z5aida #abe ,z5aidura macr\ra #abe m>g9ella #bif ,zonotri*ia albicollis #bbg coronata #bbg leucophrys #bbg gambeli #bbg nuttalli #bbg qu]ula #bai 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! text pres5t$ is t obta9$ ?r\gh ! conv]sion ( ! pr9t$ text into digital =m4 ,all ,,oe & oe ligatures 7 conv]t$ to ! individual lett]s4 ,:]e que/ions rema9$ z to ! id5tification ( ! conv]t$ image1 sev]al on-l9e v]sions ( ! text & o!r res\rces 7 consult$ 9 an attempt to resolve !m4 ,! ^w ,allegh5ies appe>s #cj times & ,alleghanies only #f4 ,s = consi/ancy1 ! #f 7 conv]t$4 ,"o in/ance ( ,,kad+ 7,index7 0 conv]t$ to ,kead+ to mat* ! re/4 ,two in/ances ( ,zo,alogy & "o in/ance ( ,zoology :i* 0 reta9$ z !y are titles 9 publications ref]5c$4 ,9 addition to ! li/ ( corrections li/$ bel[1 a numb] ( m9or corrections 7 made4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 adopt$ ! nam$ ,kodiak 9 #ahij2 b isl&]s & o!rs cont9u$ to use ,kadiak until ! e>ly #aibjs4 ,!re=e1 ! ^w ,kadiak 0 reta9$4 ,9 ! case ( ! bird species1 "s h names t diff] f common names us$ today 7= example ,canon ,wr5 in/ead ( ,canyon ,wr574 ,! ,a4,o4,u4 li/+ %[s ,ca,a-on = two species ( ,wr5 & a ,t[hee :i* 7 reta9$4 ,z = ! sci5tific names1 !re are two spell+s = species nam$ 9 honor ( ,audubon 7auduboni & audubonii7 :i* h be5 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication4 ,typographical ,corrections ,page7s7 ,typo ,correction #d v]naclu> v]nacul> #hd ,*espeake ,*esapeake #aaa1 #aff1 #cec ,tatl] ,tattl] #aea ,bailley ,bailey #afj ,nic>augua ,nic>agua #afe incalcuable incalculable #agj prece$+ prec$+ #aga ,l\isana ,l\isiana #ahi #fhj4 ,macgillivray ,w>bl] comma *ang$ to p]iod at end ( description #aii #eja;c4 ,florida ,mead[l>k says ,simil> to ,no4 #eia444 :i* is a ,t[hee assum$ x %\ld h be5 #eja #bja #dgd;f4 ,ruddy ,horn$ ,l>k says ,simil> to ,no4 #dgb;e444 #dgb is a ,flycat*] assum$ numb] %\ld be #dgd;e #bji #dff4 ,traill ,flycat*] comma *ang$ to p]iod at end ( description #bab #fcb;a4 ,/eph5 ,vireo says3 ,simil> to ,no4 #fbb #fbb is a ,logg]head ,%rike numb] %\ld be #fcb #bac ,ham%ire ,hamp%ire #bbc ,savanna ,savannah #bcj #eha;f4 ,sooty ,song ,sp>r[ comma *ang$ to p]iod at end ( description #bdi ,second ,male *ang$ to ,female #beg ,a*morphorus ,a*mophorus #bge nuttali nuttalli #bha bimacuculatus bimaculatus #bhc ,p>rhuloxia ,pyrrhuloxia #bhd cyaneovirdis cyanoviridis #bhd ,,bombcillida ,,bombycillida #bhe flavovirdis flavoviridis #bie1 #caa ,a?abaska ,a?abasca #bii ,goldfi% ,goldf9* #cjc atrici/atus atrici/atus #cad ,avif\na ,avifauna #cae ,miffil9 ,miffl9 #cbf ,annonat$ ,annotat$ #cbf ,vet]brates ,v]tebrates #ccc ,remov$ duplicate entry = ,actodromas maculata #cde ,m]gus albellus ,m]gellus albellus #cef ,guadelupe ,guadalupe ,incorrect ,page ,numb]s ,page ,item ,li/$ ,correction #ccc ,alcedinid,a #adg #add #ccc ,,baolophus bicolor #bdh #bdc #ccf ,c]yle torquata #bga #bgc #ccg ,c[bird1 ,r$-ey$ #bg #bec #cci ,flam+o #g #af #cci ,flycat*]1 ,=k-tail$ #bgd #bgf #cci ,flycat*]1 ,giraud 7,alt]nate "n = ,buff-brea/$7 #bgd #bgf #cci ,fulm>1 ,giant #bei #bfj #cdb ,jabiru #bfc #bfd #cdd ,macro*ires #aed #aee #cdd ,mall>d #f #gd #cdd ,melan]pes torquatus #aeb ,n f\nd 9 book #cde ,m]gellus albellus #bfa #bfb #cde ,myiozetetes similis sup]ciliosus #bgd ,n f\nd 9 book #cef ,wr51 ,alaskan #bce #bcf