,note3 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive_/,american ,libraries4 ,see http3_/_/www4archive4org_/details_/femin ismsexextin#jjkenerich ,,feminism ,,and ,,sex-,,extinction 99 99 99 99 99 ,,olive ,,schreiner',s ,,great ,,book ,,woman ,,labour ,large ,crown #hvo4 ,cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 net ,the feelings which are behind the various women's movements could not find clearer or more eloquent expression than they do in this remarkable book4 ,the ,daily ,mail4 ,at last there has come the book which is destined to be the prophecy and the gospel of the whole awakening4 ,the ,nation4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,,ltd41 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,feminism ,,and ,,sex-,,extinction by ,,arabella ,,kenealy ,l4,r4,c4,p4 7,,dublin7 ,a good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit1 neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit4 ,wherefore1 by their fruits ye shall know them4 ,london ,t4 ,fisher ,unwin1 ,ltd4 #a ,adelphi ,terrace ,first published in #aibj ,all rights reserved ,,foreword ,feminism1 the extremist--and of late years the predominant cult of the ,woman's ,movement1 is ,masculinism4 ,it makes for such training and development in woman1 of male characteristics1 as shall equip her to compete with the male in every department of life2 academic1 athletic1 professional1 political1 industrial4 ,and it neither recognises nor admits in her natural aptitudes differing from those of men1 and fitting her1 accordingly1 for different functions in these4 ,it rejects all concessions to her womanhood2 even to her mother-function4 ,it repudiates all privileges for her4 ,boldly it demands a fair field only and no favour2 equal rights1 political and social1 identical education and training1 identical economic opportunities and avocations1 an identical morale1 personal and public4 ,in ,woman and ,labour1 ,miss ,olive ,schreiner sums in a line the ,feminist objective3 ,we take all labour for our province4 ,and this is the text of the ,feminist creed2 the elimination of sex-differences and the abolition of sex-distinctions in every department of life and activity4 ,feminists anticipate--the militant faction with zest--fierce economic encounters between the sexes now that1 ,war ended1 our men1 having fought their own and woman's battle in the trenches1 are returning to reclaim their places in the world of work4 ,secure in that possession which is nine-tenths of the law1 and armed with their new powers of enfranchisement1 it is further anticipated that the usurpers will be able triumphantly to stem the masculine reflux1 and to retain1 on all hands1 their new industrial footing4 ,by showing that1 contrary to ,feminist doctrine1 the division of ,labour into two sexes1 so to speak1 is as natural and is as indispensable to ,human ,progress as is the division of ,life into two sexes1 the purpose of this book is to dissuade women from exploiting a world's misfortunes for their own immediate profit1 and to reconcile them1 in their profounder and more vital interests and in those of the ,race1 to surrender freely all the essentially masculine employments into which mischance has cast them4 ,human evolution and progress have resulted absolutely from an opposite trend1 in inherence and development1 of the two sexes1 as regards ,life and characteristics1 aptitude and avocation4 ,the progressive differentiations and specialisations of vital processes and living forms1 whereby human character and faculty have been increasingly advanced to higher powers1 reach their most admirable culmination in the complex division of ,humanity into two genders2 each of which is enabled1 by way of such complex specialisation1 to promote1 to intensify and to dignify its own allotted order of qualities4 ,to oppose and frustrate this natural dispensation1 whereby ,human development is achieved by the two sexes travelling along diametrically opposite lines of ,ascent1 is to nullify all that civilisation has secured1 and to transform the impulse of ,progress into one of ,decadence4 ,nature1 marvellously prescient in all her processes1 has provided that the sexes1 by being constituted wholly different in body1 brain and bent1 do not normally come into rivalry and antagonism in the fulfilment of their respective life-roles4 ,their faculties and functions1 being complementary and supplementary 7and obviously best applied1 therefore1 in different departments of ,life and of ,labour71 men and women are naturally dependent upon one another in every human relation2 a dispensation which engenders reciprocal trust1 affection and comradeship4 ,feminist doctrine and practice menace these most excellent previsions and provisions of ,nature by thrusting personal rivalries1 economic competition and general conflict of interests between the sexes4 ,should any reader find in these pages allusions and passages which1 without biological or medical knowledge1 may not be wholly clear to him1 let him remember that these are addressed to such as have dipped more deeply into the subjects dealt with4 ,the main outlines and implications of the new ,hypothesis presented here1 of the origin and evolution of ,sex1 are all that he requires to grasp1 in order to follow the argument of the book in its relation to ,feminist methods4 ,,arabella ,,kenealy1 ,l4,r4,c4,p4 ,,contents ,,chap4 ,,page ,,foreword v ,,book ,i ,,woman',s ,,part ,,in ,,human ,,evolution ,i4 ,,impassioned ,,fallacies ,,of ,,feminism #c ,,ii4 ,,increasing ,,differences ,,between ,,male ,,and ,,female ,,sex-,,characteristics ,,and ,,functions ,,are ,,the ,,main ,,feature ,,of ,,human ,,advance #ba ,,iii4 ,,the ,,mystery ,,of ,,sex ,,and ,,sex-,,transmission #ce ,,iv4 ,,one ,,side ,,of ,,body ,,is ,,male1 ,,the ,,other ,,side ,,is ,,female #ea ,v4 ,,masculine ,,mothers ,,produce ,,emasculate ,,sons ,,by ,,misappropriating ,,the ,,life-,,potential ,,of ,,male ,,offspring #gc ,,book ,,ii ,,woman',s ,,part ,,in ,,human ,,decadence ,i4 ,,decline ,,and ,,fall ,,of ,,ancient ,,civilisations ,,due ,,to ,,feminism #ie ,,ii4 ,,the ,,evolution ,,of ,,sex ,,in ,,adolescence #aji ,,iii4 ,,the ,,extinction ,,of ,,sex ,,in ,,adolescence #abf ,,iv4 ,,the ,,woman ,,brain3 ,,its ,,powers ,,and ,,disabilities #adf ,v4 ,,male ,,and ,,female ,,sex-,,instincts ,,and ,,morale ,,diametrically ,,different #aff ,,vi4 ,,feminist ,,doctrine ,,and ,,practice ,,disastrous ,,to ,,infant-,,life ,,and ,,human ,,faculty #aij ,,vii4 ,,feminist ,,doctrine ,,and ,,practice ,,destructive ,,of ,,womanly ,,attributes1 ,,morale ,,and ,,progress #bai ,,viii4 ,,dangerous ,,separation ,,of ,,women ,,into ,,two ,,orders3 ,,feminists ,,and ,,femininists #bdb ,,ix4 ,,the ,,impending ,,subjection ,,of ,,man #bfd ,,appendix ,,further ,,evidences ,,in ,,support ,,of ,,biological ,,and ,,mendelian ,,propositions ,,advanced ,,in ,,book ,i #bib ,,book ,i ,,woman',s ,,part ,,in ,,human ,,evolution ,,chapter ,i ,,impassioned ,,fallacies ,,of ,,feminism ,the sexual love which has its origin in what is external and accidental may easily be turned to hate1 a kind of madness that is nourished on discord2 but that love1 on the other hand1 is lasting which has its source in freedom of soul and in the will to bear and bring up children4--,spinoza4 ,i ,there is no subject save that of ,religion about which so much impassioned fallacy has been spoken and written as has been spoken and written round the ,woman ,question4 ,for more than half a century--since ,mill wrote his famous ,subjection1 indeed--it has become an increasing vogue to regard ,woman as a martyr2 more or less sainted1 more or less crushed and effaced beneath the iron-heeled tyrannies1 personal1 economic1 and political1 of the oppressor1 ,man4 ,and it has been in the spirit of this conviction and in fervid endeavours--indignant and chivalrous on the part of the one sex1 and still more indignant and but little less chivalrous on the part of the other--to liberate unhappy victims from a barbarous oppression1 that most of the impassioned fallacy has been spoken and written1 and doughty deeds done4 ,at the certain cost1 therefore1 of being stigmatised as a reactionary 7severely qualified71 ,i propose to unmask some of these which ,i believe to be baseless obsessions1 and to present a wholly new--and1 ,i hope1 a more veracious and inspiring version of the case between the sexes4 ,to begin with1 ,i assert boldly that the so-called ,subjection of ,woman1 very far from having been a cruel injustice merely1 on the part of man1 has served1 on the contrary1 as a blessing and an inestimable benefit not only to herself but to the ,race bound up in her4 ,a blessing often rough and painful in its methods1 during epochs when all other methods were both rough and painful1 attended1 too1 by wrongs and cruelties2 yet1 in the main1 operating vastly to her well-being and advancement and1 in hers1 to those of the ,race4 ,looking back upon the hard and bloody routes of ,evolution whereby the human ,races have attained to present-day developments1 we see our forbears groping blindly1 fighting blindly1 advancing blindly2 stumbling1 falling1 picking up again2 making new departures only hopelessly to lose the road2 making new departures1 now to find it and trudge on4 ,in all its painful and laborious phases1 a terrible and sordid climb4 ,yet1 nevertheless1 in its great annals of ,ascent1 a noble and a wondrous ,march of ,progress4 ,and whether we are ,religionists or ,evolutionists--or are sufficiently broad-minded to be both--the history of ,life is seen to have been a history of deathless effort1 never ceasing1 never waning2 renewed with every generation2 intensified by every further acquisition of new power1 as1 with every further recognition of new goals and problems1 the ever-increasing ,purpose and the ever-increasing perplexity and complexity of ,the ,purpose revealed itself at every step4 ,it becomes increasingly clear1 moreover1 that ,creation1 or ,creative ,evolution 7to employ ,professor ,bergson's phrase71 has been the resultant of a progressive aggregation of ,atomic ,matter about some vast immanent ,idea1 slowly and by infinitesimal degrees materialising in the objective4 ,very much as bricks are grouped about the pre-conceived plan of a house1 and could not be assembled in the building of the simplest tool-hut without predetermination of the site of every brick1 and of the relation of every brick to every other4 ,and in all those past ages of conflict1 bringing ,order out of ,chaos1 ,progress out of ,order1 and an ever-increasing domination of blind ,energy and ,inorganic ,matter by ,mind and ,purpose1 the fighting male it has been who1 in his conquest of the ,earth as in his conquest of other fighting males1 both brute and human1 has borne the greater heat and burden of the day4 ,women have striven also--toil has been the crux of their development as of their mates4 ,but men have striven twofold4 ,while women toiled in the security of homes1 the sword1 the blunderbuss or press-gang1 or the equivalent of these1 according to the epoch1 awaited men and still await them at most street-corners of the arduous male career4 ,women have suffered more1 psychically2 because this way lay their nature and their human lot4 ,men have suffered more1 materially2 because here lay theirs4 ,and since advancement comes by suffering1 women are reaping to-day the harvest of past travail of their sex1 in the higher psychical development which now characterises that sex4 ,during centuries when men were vastly too hard-pressed by the struggle for barest existence to have been aware that they possessed souls1 women were privileged to be aware of theirs--by the affliction thereof4 ,the immediate purpose of this fencing of the women behind the stronger frames1 the stronger wills1 and stronger brains of fighting males was the ,racial one1 of course4 ,while men battled with environment and with alien aggressors for their lives and for their food1 as for those of the family1 the sheltered women were alike the loom and cradle of the ,race4 ,as well1 they made havens1 or homes1 for the fighters to return to for sleep and refreshment4 ,they plied a simple1 primitive agriculture1 practised a primitive healing art1 and otherwise evolved ,the ,humanities4 ,but since mortal power is limited1 power expended in one direction is power withdrawn from some other4 ,power spent in battle is power lost to progress4 ,the woman who1 with the instinct for home and as shelter for her babes1 laid the foundations of ,architecture in a hut of mud1 was enabled to do this solely by virtue of masculine protection4 ,it is in peace only that ,progress arises1 in leisure that ,the ,arts evolve4 ,and woman1 walled in by the lives of the males1 found leisure of body and mind to pluck flowers for the adorning of her hut1 to shape platters of clay1 and1 later1 even for embellishment of these with crude designs4 ,thus she was the first artist4 ,the fighting male was--by necessity--destructive4 ,he invented a club4 ,the female was--by privilege--constructive4 ,she invented the needle 7a fish-bone1 doubtless74 ,and while the male transmitted to offspring his virile fighting and destructive qualities1 woman tempered and humanised these by incorporating with them her milder traits and artistries of peace4 ,lacking the male aggressive and protective faculties1 however1 increasing in skill and resource with his ever further ,adaptation to 7and of7 environment1 woman's gentler and humanising aptitudes would have had neither opportunity for evolution1 nor scope for exercise and further sway4 ,,ii ,i have been reading an account1 by a naturalist1 of some phases in the life-history of crabs4 ,and it is interesting to find even among creatures so low in the ,life-scale 7although ,darwin regarded these as the most intelligent of crustaceae7 that same instinct of protection of the female which is seen in the higher orders of creation4 ,a crab1 being encased in an unyielding shell1 is able to increase its growth only by casting its shell and developing one of larger size over its increased bulk4 ,during the interval between casting an old shell and acquiring a new one1 the crab in its soft1 pulpy condition is readily injured1 or falls prey to its natural enemies4 ,to protect itself as well as may be1 it shelters in rocky crevices or in other available hiding-places4 ,this shell-casting occurs in both sexes1 of course4 ,but the circumstances under which the change is made differ widely in the sexes4 ,for while the male-crab has no protector during his defenceless1 shell-less state1 his shell is cast a month or more earlier than occurs in the female2 after which he feeds up1 in order to be in superior fighting trim for her protection during her shell-casting phase4 ,fishermen describe him as then spreading himself over her as a hen covers her chicks1 and in her defence desperately attacking all comers4 ,the result of such protection of the female is that1 although males are larger and fiercer1 hen-crabs are numerous1 while males are scarce4 ,the like is true of nearly every species4 ,the males protect the females4 ,even the gorilla1 savage and most terrible of beasts1 lies at night on guard beneath the tree in which his mate and offspring sleep4 ,if need arise1 he fights to the death in their defence4 ,with regard to the chivalrous devotion of male-birds1 ,olive ,schreiner thus comments in ,woman and ,labour 7an example of that ,i have ventured to describe as the impassioned fallacy hurtling round the ,woman ,question73 ,along the line of bird-life and among certain of its species1 sex has attained its highest aesthetic1 and one might almost say intellectual1 development on earth 444 represents the realisation of the highest sexual ideal which haunts humanity4 7,this however1 less1 ,i fear1 to accredit the male-sex with chivalry than to discredit the human male by ornithological comparison67 99 99 99 99 99 ,one does not profess that such protective role of males--beast and bird and crab--is the outcome of sentiment4 ,it is instinctive1 subconscious4 ,nature's purpose being to preserve and to perpetuate species1 she achieves this by safeguarding the female4 ,the province of the male in reproduction is but slight and brief4 ,it exacts so little from him as to interfere not at all with those other masculine activities which are the function of his sex4 ,whereas1 as ,professor ,lester ,ward says1 ,woman and the female of all species is the ,race4 ,out of her blood and bone and vital powers she evolves and fashions it1 nurtures and ministers to it4 ,,iii ,for the preservation of species1 two roles are essential3 the ,male role of ,combat1 demanding strength and boldness1 resource and fighting-quality1 in order to protect and provide for the female and offspring2 and the ,female role of ,devotion and ,self-surrender1 in order to nurture offspring ante-natally1 and1 after birth1 to nurture and to tend its helplessness4 ,now all but biologists1 perhaps1 take it as matter-of-course that ,love had its origin in ,sex4 ,seeing love between the sexes as the strongest and most dominant of the civilised passions1 it is natural to infer that it was born of the instinctive attraction between male and female1 and that this instinctive attraction1 with the growth and expansion of faculty1 mental and temperamental1 has evolved to the high and tender issues to be found in latter-day romantic passion2 theme of poets1 novelists1 artists2 richest and most exquisite of life's emotions2 inspiration and motive of the finest human achievements4 ,a passion which1 for a space at least1 transfigures the natures and ennobles the lives of all but the crass and the sordid4 ,nevertheless--,love did not arise out of sex4 ,the sex-relation in primal men and women held no element of affection2 no sympathy1 tenderness1 self-sacrifice1 or other attribute of ,love4 ,on the part of the female1 it was compulsory surrender and the habit of surrender to superior strength1 mitigated1 doubtless1 by a subconscious instinct to secure offspring4 ,in the male1 it was impulse as tyrannous and selfish as was the instinct to kill4 ,like the instinct to kill1 a factor in it made for fitness for survival4 ,there was in it1 accordingly1 an element of instinctive selection4 ,but the selection made for survival-fitness merely in the mate4 ,it owed nothing to sentimental appeal exercised by one female1 and lacking in another4 ,the instinct to mate was implanted by ,nature for the continuation of species4 ,if its observance contained an element of gratification1 it held no more of reciprocity than did the gratification of that stronger lust1 to kill1 include a consideration of the feelings of the prey1 or than greed of any other form of possession extends a grace of reciprocal benefit to the thing acquired4 ,modern savages have no conception of sexual love4 ,there are no love-songs1 no courtship1 no affection in their matings4 ,the males marry mainly in order to secure wives to work for them4 ,and they select strong women because these are best fitted for work4 ,or they select women who have some or another small possession4 ,biological instinct is a factor1 doubtless1 but it is not a factor of sentiment4 ,in his fine book1 ,natural ,law in the ,spiritual ,world1 ,professor ,drummond says3 ,probably we have all taken for granted that husbands and wives have always loved one another4 ,evolution takes nothing for granted 444 in the lower reaches of ,human ,nature1 husband and wife do not love one another 444 for the vast mass of mankind during the long ages which preceded historic times1 conjugal love was probably all but unknown4444 ,the idea that the existence of sex accounts for the existence of love is untrue4 ,marriage among early races has nothing to do with love4 ,among savage peoples1 the phenomenon everywhere confronts us of wedded life without a grain of love4 ,love then is no necessary ingredient of the sex-relation2 it is not an outgrowth of passion4 ,love is love and has always been love1 and has never been anything lower4 ,even to-day1 despite the evolution of the higher faculties1 despite long centuries of inherited habit and tradition1 and despite the circumstance that in all the nobler types of men and women the sex-instinct is spiritualised by affection and understanding--,even in this late day of civilisation1 the male sex-instinct may be seen still in all its native tyranny and selfishness2 seeking gratification in sensuality and cruelty1 with callous disregard alike of the welfare as of the suffering of its victim4 ,in the violation of women and children that occurs both in peace and in war1 the instinct manifests as an impulse of aggression1 and the sex-function as one of brutality or ruthless lust4 ,,iv ,respecting the origin of ,mind and ,emotion1 ,charles ,darwin said3 ,in what manner the mental powers were first developed in the lowest organisms1 is as hopeless an inquiry as how life itself first originated4 ,and ,huxley3 ,i know nothing1 and never hope to know anything of the steps by which the passage from molecular movement to states of consciousness is effected4 ,the two things are on two utterly different platforms1 the physical facts go along by themselves and the mental facts go along by themselves4 ,while ,dr4 ,alfred ,russel ,wallace 7the biologist who was working out the theory of ,natural ,selection simultaneously with ,darwin1 both unaware that the other was working in the same direction7 attributes to a ,creative act of ,god1 all the moral and intellectual qualities which have been super-added in man to those lesser and simpler ones he possesses in common with the higher animals4 ,wallace describes this as a ,divine ,influx1 and regards it as being wholly distinct and apart from the slow and gradual processes of ,natural ,selection4 ,but yet1 in point of fact1 what was it that inspired and energised the earlier processes1 if not this same ,divine ,influx8 ,the simpler processes must1 from their earliest rudimentary beginnings1 have been leading up to the later and more complex4 ,and the later and more complex were1 surely1 continuous with the simpler--since ,nature abhors miracles1 and works by slow progressive biological sequences4 ,nothing shows as more impersonal than a crystal2 cold1 hard1 senseless1 motionless4 ,and yet in crystals is the element of ,life1 even the power of reproduction1 showing factors of sex already operative in them4 ,while living bodies1 charged with warmth1 mobility1 sentience1 intelligence1 have ,inorganic ,matter for their basis of construction4 ,and that ,inorganic elements are very far from being the impersonal things they seem1 but are linked by subtle correspondences to living ,mind and vital powers1 is shown by their effects on living processes and consciousness4 ,given as medicines1 digestion 7which is a species of rapid evolution from lower to higher forms of energy7 develops such vital inherences within them as prove their apparent impersonality to contain a principle continuous not only with living processes1 but with the highest mentality4 ,professor ,leduc observes in his illuminating book1 ,the ,mechanism of ,life1 the ordinary physical forces have1 in fact1 a power of organisation infinitely greater than has been hitherto supposed by the boldest imagination4 ,coralline structures and beautiful shells1 fungi1 leaves1 and plants bearing coloured1 flowerlike blooms spring into growth when a formless fragment of calcium salt is dropped into a chemical solution4 ,and these ,osmotic growths1 artificially produced1 possess far greater complexity of structure and of function than do the simpler living organisms of ,nature4 ,the evidences of a ,vast ,stupendous ,plan1 which every further scientific discovery still further emphasises1 are slowly forcing from our men of ,science the confession that behind the marvellous phenomena their findings reveal1 and which they are powerless to explain1 must lie a ,cause1 occult and irresistible1 an ,impulse1 all-pervading1 incomprehensible4 ,bergson describes an elan vital--a living impetus--determining such phenomena4 ,in his ,presidential address to the ,british ,association at ,dublin1 in #aijh1 ,professor ,j4 ,s4 ,haldane summed up as follows the position of ,physiological ,science3 ,the point now reached is that the conceptions of ,physics and ,chemistry are insufficient to enable us to understand physiological phenomena4 ,weismann says3 ,behind the co-operating forces of ,nature1 we must admit a ,cause 444 inconceivable in its nature1 of which we can only say one thing with certainty1 that it must be theological4 ,drummond says3 ,evolution is ,advolution1--better1 it is ,revelation--the phenomenal expression of the ,divine1 the progressive realisation of the ,ideal1 the ,ascent of ,love4 ,if1 then1 we admit ,life to be the product of a ,divine ,influx1 whereby ,inorganic ,matter has been1 by way of evolutionary processes1 increasingly empowered to fructify in living form and faculty1 ,human ,attributes are seen to be the flower of ,spiritual seed1 which1 sown in ,life1 has germinated2 has struck roots of biological function into living flesh and put forth leaves in living traits2 has developed in physiological processes and blossomed in powers of ,mind and of body4 ,and as the stronger and deeper the grip of its roots in the earth1 the taller and nobler the oak towers heavenward1 so it must be with human characteristics4 ,the deeper and more firmly the seedling faculties strike roots in living function1 the fuller and more potent springs the impulse toward that evolutionary perfection which is the goal of ,human ,being4 ,if1 however1 living processes are the resultant of a ,divine ,influx1 they are ,spiritual processes4 ,life is then a manifestation in ,matter1 of ,spirit4 ,all the developments of ,life are ,spiritual phenomena1 therefore4 ,the imperfection and evil found in living creatures are not attributes of ,life4 ,they are crudities of rudimentary organisation1 or are failures in or aberrations from the normal development of ,life4 ,v ,in the ,evolution of ,faculty1 living traits are seen to have been all the while attaining to higher power by the differentiation and development of special organs to subserve their fuller function1 their finer conscious apprehension1 and their more complex manifestation on the material plane4 ,the brain has been specialised thus to serve as the organ of ,consciousness2 the eye1 of ,vision2 the ear1 of ,hearing2 the hand1 of ,touch and of manipulation4 ,the lowest organisms possess no such specialised organs of sense or of consciousness4 ,nor are they equipped with special reproductive organs4 ,they reproduce by cleavage2 by budding a small portion of themselves1 which1 when separated1 grows to a mature organism4 ,with other differentiations and specialisations of ,function and ,faculty1 there has developed--for the all-important racial purpose of creating ever higher and more potent living species--the highly-complex human reproductive system1 which1 by its close and subtle nervous alliance with the brain1 has become the medium and the instrument of a new and irresistible emotion4 ,so that it serves not only for the perpetuation of a complex species1 but1 moreover1 for the attraction1 by natural affinity1 of the mates best suited to one another4 ,and in course of evolutionary progress1 the emotion of ,love has been all the while more and more so leavening and inspiring sex-attraction with its purer and more tender attributes1 that human passion has come to combine--in those of higher nature--the flame and energy of physical attraction with the tenderness and devotion of altruistic affection4 ,with the result that human parenthood1 thus quickened and spiritualised1 has become ever further empowered to evolve more highly intelligised1 more beautiful and more efficient types of offspring4 ,that ,passion1 pure and simple1 has evolved out of the ,male sex-instinct is certain4 ,even in its chivalrous development of romantic passion1 are found1 in transfigured form1 that flame and urgence for possession which manifest crudely and cruelly in the primal male-instinct4 ,without this virile ardour1 indeed1 the sex-relation is but a poor and tepid1 or a cold and sensual thing4 ,yet ,passion is not ,love4 ,that meekness and forbearance1 humility and self-surrender have been reared in the ,female sex-instinct of submission to passion 7primarily in aversion and fear more often than in acquiescence7 is equally certain4 ,and without these chastening factors to temper1 soften and anneal1 the sex-relation is a fierce and tyrannous concern4 ,but no more than passion1 is submission ,love4 ,neither in passion nor in submission1 pure and simple1 is there joy of surrender or welding communion4 ,nevertheless1 since every human faculty must have its roots in living function1 and every living function must possess some physical organ in which its processes occur1 from what human function sprang the ,love that is selfless1 altruistic and pitiful2 soul and inspiration of the most sacred emotions--self-sacrifice1 charity1 mercy1 devotion1 tenderness8 ,in what nursery of ,human ,consciousness was this fair and gentle blossom sown2 to spring1 to develop1 and to make for gracious growth8 ,since1 although it has come to lend its purity and sweetness to the ,sex-passion1 it neither sprang from nor has been reared in sex-instinct1 is it a product of ,parental ,affection8 ,is it an evolution of the self-negation and the tenderness of parents for their children8 ,,vi ,throughout ,nature1 the parental instinct is seen as a unique development1 detached from and high above all other developments4 ,demanding1 as it does1 the complete surrender and self-denying labours of one individual in the interests of another1 it differs from and traverses all other dictates4 ,it impels a creature whose every instinct it had been--whose religion of biological survival it had been1 indeed--to be wholly self-centred in its every aim and action1 all at once to make another creature the focus of its interests and efforts4 ,where for a scratch1 for a glance1 the fierce female would have fallen tooth and nail upon another1 now she surrenders meekly to the pangs of bringing offspring into life--and straightway licks and suckles the frail being that has riven her4 ,where she would furiously have driven off1 or would have killed1 another creature that approached her food1 now she gives herself as food for this4 ,where lesser ,fitness for survival on another's part had been signal for making such her prey1 now ,unfitness in the extremest degree claims her devotion and care4 ,superfluous to cite cases of maternal altruism4 ,the mildest and most timid among creatures becomes fierce and courageous in defence of her young4 ,style it merely instinct1 if you will4 ,it is none the less heroic on the part of every individual that obeys it1 and does not obey it blindly and mechanically merely1 but employs all her poor wit and resource to suit her heroism to the special circumstance4 ,without care and attention from the moment of its birth1 the life of an infant would be reckoned in hours4 ,the higher the organism1 the more and for the longer period its infancy exacts unceasing devotion and nurture4 ,fish and moth and other species of low order are cast off in the egg4 ,chicks scramble out of the shell4 ,the higher their grade in the scale of organisation and intelligence1 the more helpless and incapable young creatures are to feed and to fend for themselves4 ,kittens are born blind and helpless1 but after a few days they see and crawl about4 ,the elephant-mother suckles and safeguards her baby-elephant for two whole years4 ,now1 were there no purpose in all this--,were it not that such devotion to offspring serves as impulse and spur to the evolution and development of faculty in parents1 ,nature1 in planning the complex human species1 would1 surely1 have endowed the human infant and child with fuller powers of self-preservation4 ,were there other functions and aptitudes the exercise whereof would better stimulate and foster human progress1 it is inconceivable that children would be1 and would be for so long1 the helpless1 feckless1 dependent mortals that they are4 ,for ten long lunar months1 the human babe is part of its mother2 homed in the nest of her body1 warmed by her warmth1 fed by her blood4 ,she breathes for it1 digests for it1 assimilates for it1 exercises for it4 ,for ten further lunar months1 it is dependent upon her for the food by which it lives4 ,for nearly a year1 save for an inept power of creeping1 with but small sense of direction1 it requires to be moved and carried everywhere4 ,for years it must be washed1 dressed1 combed1 laid down to sleep at night1 got up in the morning1 taken for rides or for walks1 played with1 bidden1 chidden2 comforted1 warmed1 cooled2 defended1 cherished1 instructed--in a hundred ways to be gently and progressively adapted to life1 by way of a more or less highly-specialised environment4 ,even when no longer helpless1 it must be provided for in the matters of housing1 food1 clothing1 education4 ,it must be instructed in a means of livelihood1 and started on its young career4 ,among the poorer classes the child depends upon its hard-worked parents for a period varying between twelve and sixteen years4 ,in the professional classes1 the young son and daughter are not fully qualified for independent existence before the ages of twenty-three or twenty-five4 ,in ill-health1 in brain defect1 and in other incapacities1 parents must provide for their offspring for life4 ,and seeing how the demands of the young1 and the response and exactions of the parents multiply and amplify proportionally with the higher evolution of both1 we are forced to believe that the small survival-value of the child1 owing to its native unadaptedness to environment1 is part of ,the ,plan1 and that it subserves some high and complex purpose in human development4 ,,vii ,an essential obligation of ,parenthood is1 that1 in order to fulfil this duly1 the parents require to undergo a wholly new and intrinsic adjustment of faculty4 ,having arrived already at a complex adaptation to a complex civilised environment1 in physique and character1 in mentality and habit1 now1 by a revolutionary reversal of their human progress1 they must re-adapt to the simplest of all creatures and conditions--a helpless1 puling infant in a cradle4 ,where they had had a whole world1 perhaps1 of intellectual interests and social pursuits to engage them1 now they forgather beside a cot and--according as they are human or are not--lose themselves1 brain and heart and soul1 in the puling1 impotent thing4 ,they make themselves eyes and ears1 arms and legs for it2 carriage1 chair and bed4 ,they gaze1 entranced1 upon the marvel of the opening and shutting of its eyes4 ,it yawns2 they tremble lest it dislocate a jaw4 ,it sneezes2 now they shudder lest it may have taken cold4 ,it gurgles1 and they are transported to a seventh heaven4 ,never has either been equally fluttered at their recognition by an exalted personage as both exult when flattered by the flicker of an eyelash that it distinguishes its father from its mother2 or either from its nurse4 ,both perhaps are self-contained and philosophic beings1 yet its cry distracts them2 scatters their composure to the winds4 ,the inept thing cannot even tell them what it wants4 ,its cry for food is much the same as is its cry when it requires to be laid down1 or lifted up4 ,when its milk is not sweet enough1 its inarticulate fury is expressed in notes identical--so far as they can judge--with those of its impotent wrath when a pin-point pricks it4 ,but whatsoever the cause1 to the winds the parental composure is scattered1 as hither and thither they scurry1 distraught1 seeking a reason and a remedy4 ,and this1 of course1 had been their tyrant's purpose4 ,he had meant to strike panic in his parents' hearts4 ,he was vexed or empty1 or was otherwise uneasy4 ,and behold the penalties of those who suffer him to be vexed or empty1 or otherwise uneasy6 ,and whether they are rough1 hard-working persons who have neither time nor taste for fuss and nonsense2 whether they are the ,archbishop of ,canterbury and ,mrs4 ,archbishop1 ,sir ,isaac and ,lady ,newton1 or the ,emperor and ,empress of ,japan1 it is all the same to ,baby4 ,no other uses have they in his absurd judgment than to obey his slightest gurgle4 ,and the wonder of the business is that they too--provided they be normal1 wholesome-minded1 natural-hearted persons--are of similar opinion4 ,even a ,professor of ,archaeology must feel a twinge of some emotion when his first baby cuts its first tooth4 ,king ,lion himself suffers it with patience when his cub scratches his royal countenance1 or gets its milk-teeth into his prize-bone4 ,the whole face of the earth is transformed by the ,baby1 indeed4 ,and how much it is transformed for the better6 ,it is not too much to say that it is humanised1 redeemed4 ,the most grudging of curmudgeons murmurs only a little to surrender his place at the fire to ,the ,baby4 ,the thirsty thief forbears to drink his infant's milk4 ,in his great story1 ,the ,luck of ,roaring ,camp1 ,bret ,harte has shown1 and has shown as probable1 the uplifting and regenerating influence that ,the ,luck--its mother a sinner1 its father1 ,heaven alone knew who6--exercised upon a rough community of vicious men4 ,it wrastled wi' my finger1 says one in an awed whisper4 ,to cover sentiment he adds1 the durn'd little cuss6 ,but carefully he segregates the member sanctified by the tiny1 satin touch1 from the other fingers of his wicked hand4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,increasing ,,differences ,,between ,,male ,,and ,,female ,,sex-,,characteristics ,,and ,,functions ,,are ,,the ,,main ,,feature ,,of ,,human ,,advance ,the most beautiful witness to the ,evolution of ,man is the ,mind of a little child4444 ,it was ages before ,darwin or ,lamarck or ,lucretius1 that ,maternity1 bending over the hollowed cradle in the forest for a first smile of recognition from her babe1 expressed the earliest trust in the doctrine of development4 ,every mother since then is an unconscious ,evolutionist1 and every little child a living witness to ,ascent4--,professor ,drummond4 ,i ,tracing the attribute of ,love to its source in the parental function1 it becomes clear that this function cannot be dismissed thus in a phrase4 ,there are two parents4 ,and the parts played by these1 respectively1 not only differ widely in their nature1 but they are signally disproportionate in their share of the labours involved4 ,for while the male bears the brunt of the struggle with environment1 for his own and for survival of his mate and offspring1 upon the female falls the biological stress of pregnancy and lactation1 and the material cares of upbringing4 ,the reproductive function of the male is but slight and cursory4 ,with the female lies the tax of havening the embryo before birth1 of nurturing it with her blood and substance1 of suffering the drain it makes upon her vital energy1 the burden of its weight2 with1 finally1 the anguish and the dangers of delivery4 ,and having come through all this1 the subconscious and involuntary sacrifice is replaced by further--but now voluntary sacrifices4 ,she not only continues to feed it with her living substance1 but she employs brain and wit and bodily effort in tending1 safeguarding and rearing it4 ,meanwhile the sire--among the lower creatures1 at all events--detaches himself with lordly indifference from any portion in these later1 as he went free of the earlier obligations4 ,he shares his prey with her and with their young4 ,he defends them from the natural enemies of all4 ,sometimes he condescends to play for minutes with his cubs4 ,but excepting among birds1 the male parent takes little or no part in the upbringing of his family4 ,as with ,love1 so with ,fatherhood1 we take it as matter-of-course that this sprang and has evolved to present developments directly out of natural instinct4 ,but as ,love did not evolve out of the sex-instinct1 neither did father-love evolve from a paternal instinct inherent in the lower animals and in primal man4 ,of this1 ,professor ,drummond says3 ,the world was now beginning to fill with ,mothers1 but there were no ,fathers1 444 while ,nature has succeeded in moulding a human ,mother and a human child1 he still wanders in the forest1 a savage and unblessed soul4 ,this time for him is not lost4 ,in his own way he also is at school1 and learning lessons which will one day be equally needed by humanity4 ,the acquisitions of the manly life are as necessary to human character as the virtues which gather their sweetness by the cradle2 and these robuster elements--strength1 courage1 manliness1 endurance1 self-reliance--could only have been secured away from domestic cares4444 ,the ,evolution of a ,father is not so beautiful a process as the ,evolution of a ,mother1 but it was almost as formidable a problem to attack4444 ,if ,maternity was at a feeble level in the lower reaches of ,nature1 ,paternity was non-existent4444 ,when we leave the ,birds and pass on to the ,mammals1 the ,fathers are nearly all backsliders4 ,many are not only indifferent to their young1 but hostile2 and among the ,carnivora the ,mothers have frequently to hide their little ones in case the father eats them4 ,in place of saying1 therefore1 that ,love sprang in1 and has developed from the exercise of the parental function1 we must say that ,love--in all its higher aspects--sprang and has developed in the maternal function4 ,but since every attribute1 in order to be conscious and realised1 is not only rooted but is reared in living function--out of what living function did ,mother-love evolve8 ,in the exercise of what vital processes has it been fostered and furthered8 ,in so far as these involve sacrifice of self in the interests of the child1 the maternal ante-natal processes are processes of self-surrender4 ,but these1 when once incurred1 are subconscious and involuntary4 ,the prospective mother has no choice but to submit to physiological exactions4 ,and only a few women--those in whom maternal love is deep beyond the average--feel affection for their infants before birth4 ,since love must have an object upon which to exercise its faculties and lavish its devotion1 it is not1 therefore1 until the babe is in the mother's arms that the ,love-attribute begins to function4 ,and then the primal fount of all conscious and voluntary human selflessness and sacrifice springs afresh in the individual when1 in yearning toward the helpless being in her arms1 she wells with tenderness and gives herself to be its life4 ,in the altruistic tender yearning of the mother to her babe1 whereat her blood transforms itself to milk1 ,human ,love first sprang and functioned consciously4 ,this is my ,body which is given for you4444 ,this is my ,blood 444 which is shed for you4 ,says ,goethe1 ,there is no outward sign of courtesy that does not rest on a deep moral foundation4 ,he might have added and on a great biological function4 ,every act of voluntary sacrifice1 every impulse of compassion1 mercy1 tenderness1 devotion1 has had its inspiration and its source in this which is discredited by some as being a merely physical1 and is despised1 accordingly1 as being an inferior process2 this mystical transmutation of the mother's blood to milk1 and the self-forgetting yearning wherein she yields herself as food for offspring4 ,by the evolution1 upon ever higher planes of consciousness1 of this primarily instinctive sacrifice1 not only ,motherhood but ,fatherhood too1 and the ,love-passion between the sexes have been fructified and purified1 and uplifted down the ages4 ,other acts of devotion arise out of maternal ministry4 ,but this is the intrinsic source of all4 ,travelling up through all the rudimentary phases of development1 simultaneously and side by side with the male fierce methods for the ,survival of ,fitness1 there was evolving in the female1 subconsciously and secretly1 this sacramental impulse which was to inaugurate a new era--an era wherein charity and ruth were to be born as response to the claims of ,unfitness4 ,the first woman who1 of her free-will1 gave her breast to her babe was the ,mother of all the ,humanities4 ,she it was who prepared the way for the coming of ,christ4 ,by her1 ,love entered first into human consciousness4 ,and by countless generations of such willing tender sacrifice upon the part of mothers1 human love has climbed out of the darkness of blind subconscious instinct into the ,light of a great transfiguration4 ,it is weighty evidence of the evolutionary impulse inherent in the function of ,lactation1 that the development of this maternal trait engenders species so far higher in organisation and morale than those of creatures unequipped to suckle offspring1 as to set the ,mammalia in a class by themselves in the van of progressive advance4 ,the higher organisation and morale of such result not only from the self-surrendering instinct in the mothers of species1 but doubtless also from the superior nutrition promoted in the developing tissues of the young of species1 by the highly-individualised food elements which are secreted by the maternal living cells4 ,the vital significance of this new potence in blood to transform itself to milk for sustenance of offspring is emphasised by the fact that the ,mammalia are warm-blooded creatures4 ,while that this new quickening of ,life by the altruistic parental instinct originates in the female shows her as medium of that ,divine ,influx inspiring ,creative ,evolution1 and evolving faculty by way of living function4 ,,ii ,the question now arises3 ,if ,love and the higher affections had their origin in the maternal function1 how happens it that man1 in whom this capacity is absent1 and who is devoid1 moreover1 of an inherent paternal instinct1 has come1 notwithstanding1 to possess these higher affections8 ,one may answer off-hand1 with the lightness of the tyro1 that these have been transmitted to him by maternal inheritance4 ,but complex biological problems are not thus easily explained4 ,nature works by processes1 not by implications4 ,and the physical functions and the mental attributes of the sexes are so dissimilar1 and have1 with evolution1 so diverged by ever further accentuation1 that we must seek for definite biological processes by way of which the male has become endowed with1 and whereby his primal characteristics have been transformed by the evolution in him of the maternal instinct--under guise of the wholly new and alien trait of ,fatherhood4 ,a study of ,evolution shows the differentiation and intensification of ,sex-characteristics to have been the main feature in ,human advance1 and to have been progressively achieved by incalculable centuries of increasing differentiation and intensification of two opposite orders of impulse and faculty4 ,in savages and in all the less civilised races1 the personal and temperamental differences between the sexes are but slight1 and last for no longer than a few years of life4 ,as with other faculties1 ,sex-differentiations become ever further intensified and more complexly defined as development rises in the scale4 ,man becomes more man4 ,woman1 more woman4 ,most notable during the period over which the human organisation sustains its maximum of condition1 these ,sex-characteristics take longer to arrive at their perfection1 and are longer and more fully sustained in the higher races and organisms than is the case with the lower4 ,then1 with that degeneration of tissue which sets in with on-coming age1 the old man becomes womanish1 the old woman mannish4 ,it cannot be doubted that human perfection reaches its climax in the accentuation of the differences between the ,sex-characteristics1 physical and mental1 of the one sex from those of the other4 ,the best types of men differ far more from the best types of women than inferior men and women differ from one another4 ,in body and in attribute1 the sexes are complementary and supplementary4 ,and their dissimilarities are the measure of their complementary and supplementary values4 ,their attraction to one another1 their interest and happiness in one anothers' company1 are proportional to the degree in which members of one sex supply for members of the other1 sentiment and qualities lacking in their own4 ,mannish women and womanish men are alike incapable of experiencing and inspiring the love-passion1 which charms and transfigures life for true man and true woman4 ,these unfortunate1 imperfect neuter-persons1 because of the deficiency in them of normal sex attributes and impulse1 are shut out from the richest and sweetest1 most sacred emotions of ,humanity--precisely as persons of defective brain are debarred from the richer and fuller appreciations and joys of consciousness4 ,and yet1 apart and distinct from1 although at the root of this abnormal neuterdom1 wherein the traits of one sex are so antagonised by those of the other that the finest powers of both are nullified--normally1 all men possess latent in them the qualities of ,woman2 all women have latent in them the qualities of ,man4 ,otherwise1 this third ,neuter-gender--mannish women and womanish men--could not have come into being4 ,in crises of life and under other abnormal conditions1 the dormant characteristics of the one sex are seen to emerge in members of the other1 and to become dominant4 ,a woman1 in the face of danger1 develops the strength1 the courage and the material resource of a man4 ,a man1 when put to it1 reveals the gentleness1 patience and psychical resource of a woman4 ,and in neither is this substitution of alien traits imitative1 merely4 ,that it is vital and intrinsic is shown by the fact that not only mental characteristics1 but the body itself becomes transformed4 ,if the circumstances--exposure to danger1 to hard and rough physical labours or to mental exactions which are the normal of the male--continue for long1 woman's physique1 equally with her attributes1 becomes increasingly virile of mode4 ,a kindred metamorphosis occurs in men4 ,when called upon to exercise for any length of time the functions of a woman1 beside a sick bed1 for example--or1 to state it otherwise1 when the male in him no longer receives the stimulus of the natural male role and activities--man's virile qualities decline4 ,he becomes emasculate4 ,so too in disease4 ,with the vital powers at low ebb1 man's virility ebbs low4 ,he grows soft and sensitive1 uncontrolled and emotional1 loses energy and initiative2 lapses in outlook and temperament from the masculine normal4 ,in abnormal states of physical development1 men are puerile or womanish4 ,women1 as result of like abnormal undevelopment1 or after operative removal of reproductive organs 7propter quos est mulier7 become mannish of type4 ,in extreme cases the figure changes to a strong and sturdy maleness1 the voice drops to gruffness2 manners and speech become terse and abrupt1 the jaw squares2 even moustache or beard may develop4 ,such women lose1 perhaps1 every womanly characteristic2 refinement of form1 mental delicacy and sensitiveness1 emotion1 subtlety4 ,they lapse to the biological grade1 not of cultured1 but of rough working men4 ,in lesser degrees of sex-extinction1 such as are seen in many of our modern girls1 de-sexed by masculine training1 the subjects are boyish merely2 lean1 active1 restless1 hipless1 breastless1 lacking all those fair1 delicate artistries of face and form1 as likewise the complex sensibility and emotionalism which are the higher characteristics of their sex4 ,,iii ,these and other singularities of the phenomenon indicate that man has1 so to speak1 a woman concealed in him2 woman has a man submerged in her4 ,the case suggests the little ,noah and his wife of the toy weatherglass4 ,under some conditions the man in woman emerges temporarily4 ,under some conditions the woman in man reveals herself4 ,but the emergence in the one sex of the characteristics of the other1 when appreciable and permanent1 is abnormal and unpleasing1 and is obviously degenerative4 ,man is at his best when the woman in him is dominated by his natural virile traits4 ,woman is at her best when the man in her is sheathed within her native womanliness4 ,this way1 each is a highly evolved and a finely-specialised creation4 ,nevertheless1 such possession1 in latency1 of the qualities of the other1 not only enhances for members of both sexes the potence of their own1 inspiring and enriching these1 but it engenders more perfect sympathy and understanding between them4 ,the woman in man endues him with intuitive apprehension of the ,woman-nature2 of its needs and modes1 its disabilities1 its sufferings and aspirations4 ,the man in woman informs her of the intrinsic values of his sterner calibre1 and thus lends her patience with his impatiences1 moves her tenderness and care for him in his rougher1 more arduous lot1 wins her admiration of his enterprises and ambitions4 ,moreover1 the man in her strengthens and intelligises her mental fibre1 stiffens and renders more stable and effective her more pliant will and softer1 more delicate aptitudes4 ,while she1 in her turn1 endows him with her intrinsic mentalities4 ,masculine intellection1 pure and simple1 is initiative1 vigorous1 enterprising2 analytical1 logical1 critical2 its outlook rational and concrete1 its disposition just and honest4 ,capable in the degree of its virility1 of strenuous and sustained endeavour1 of keen concentration and close application2 taking nothing for granted1 but questioning and demanding proof of all things1 it is an admirable executive agent of ,mind4 ,per se1 however1 it is rational and deductive1 judicial and judicious1 rather than inspirational and creative4 ,the blending with it of the ,woman-faculty in him quickens his male brain by contributing the emotional element2 endues it with intuitive sensibility1 fructifies it with female creativeness4 ,thus it blossoms in ,imagination--a new talent1 which his natural intellectual energy and executive ability enable him to raise to highest issues in ,inductive ,science and the creative ,arts4 ,sex1 with its phenomena of the characteristics of both sexes blended but1 nevertheless1 distinctive in the totally dissimilar constitution of members of both1 presents an enigma which all the thinkers of all the ages have left unsolved4 ,what is its significance--what its explanation8 ,how has it been possible--without miracle1 but by way of biological sequences of form and process1 of function and faculty--for the divergent characteristics1 physical and mental1 of the two sexes to have developed in both1 not only without either order of characteristics 7normally7 neutralising those of the other1 but1 on the contrary1 with both orders ever further intensifying their differences in the sex to which they belong8 ,by hereditary transmission4 ,true6 ,but by what precise means8 ,because ,nature achieves her results always by the continuous operation of unerring ,law and intensifying processes1 not by eccentricities or deviations4 ,when she seems to us to skip at random1 it means that we have missed some intermediate footprints linking her progressive sequences in a long unbroken train4 ,this problem of human duality1 physical and psychical1 has baffled not biologists only1 but philosophers1 religionists and seers4 ,it fills both life and literature with puzzles1 paradoxes1 incongruities4 ,it has been the source of perpetual misapprehension1 misconception1 maladministration1 personal and ethical4 ,it lies at the root of the whole ,woman question4 ,it has supplied the motive--and has made the mischief of the ,feminist propaganda and practice4 ,because1 in view of the masculine qualities latent in women1 allied with the circumstance that masculine powers are those most profitable and effective on the plane alike of physics and of economics1 it has seemed an inevitable conclusion that these dormant male potentialities were powers lying idle2 virgin soil which1 tilled and cultivated1 would yield fruitful harvest4 ,and this for the benefit not of woman solely1 but of ,humanity at large4 ,strangely enough1 the converse proposition has not presented itself4 ,a pity6 ,for it might have brought enlightenment4 ,because it presents itself outright in the form of a patent absurdity4 ,suppose a ,man's ,movement which should have had for aim the cult in males of their potential woman-qualities6 ,not for an instant could the project have found footing as being rational1 its ends desirable1 or as improving upon ,nature4 ,everywhere is pity or contempt for the effeminate man4 ,he is regarded as a poor creature1 neither one thing nor the other2 as little the peer of true man as he is notably an unworthy counterfeit of woman4 ,yet how is this8 ,is it that we admit the male-sex to be so vastly and intrinsically superior to the female that we are not satisfied for half only1 but demand that the whole human species shall be male8 ,nevertheless1 since masculine qualities1 although undeniably present1 are normally latent in women1 they must be inferior in power and calibre to these same qualities in men4 ,otherwise1 in place of remaining in latency1 they would assert themselves like men4 ,woman's inferior masculine powers1 even when developed to the full1 can equip her1 therefore1 to be no more than inferior male2 lesser man merely1 in place of being diverse--the highly-differentiated1 finely-specialised being for which ,nature would seem to have been shaping in her1 during untold aeons of progressive differentiation4 ,,iv ,the prevailing notion is that these masculine potentialities dormant in women are powers common to both sexes1 which have been blighted in the one by long generations of educational and vocational disabilities precluding exercise and outlet for them4 ,or that they are powers which have been dwarfed by long subjection of the sex in maternal and domestic functions mainly4 ,consulting ,biology1 we find that such artificial repression of ,faculty in the mother 7even were artificially-repressed faculty transmissible as such7 could in no way have limited itself1 in succeeding generations1 to inheritance by daughters4 ,on the contrary1 the more we learn of the laws of ,heredity1 the more it is seen that ,faculty descends from mother to son1 rather than from mother to daughter4 ,and yet1 despite the sex-disabilities1 personal and social1 which are now condemned as having precluded the mothers of earlier eras from developing their masculine abilities1 such mothers transmitted masculine characteristics in ever-increasing degree to successive generations of male offspring4 ,whereupon another seeming paradox confronts us4 ,namely1 that the sons of those earlier women1 in whom masculine inherences were permitted to remain dormant1 were notably more virile of body and mind than are the sons of latter-day emancipated mothers who have sedulously cultivated and have fully exercised their male proclivities4 ,and now upsprings a further momentous consideration3 ,is this cause and effect8 ,were the sons of women in whom the potential male had remained abeyant1 more virile of body and brain than are the sons of women who have cultivated masculine characteristics1 solely and absolutely because the mothers in the latter case had misappropriated to their own uses powers that belonged by right of heredity to sons8 ,while those other mothers1 by retaining such in latency1 preserved them as a rich inheritance for male heirs4 ,is it similar1 indeed1 to the cases of a mother who realises and expends for her own purposes her sons' financial patrimony1 and of a mother who1 expending the interest alone thereof1 retains the capital intact2 and is enabled thus to pass it on as heritage8 ,is the power held latent in one generation the potential of the generation following8 ,it may be asked3 ,why should woman forgo possession and exercise of faculties available to her1 in order to transmit these to sons8 ,one might answer as in respect of that other patrimony4 ,if it be true that she holds these powers in trust merely1 they are not hers to spend4 ,to expend them is to despoil her sons2 to make paupers and bankrupts of them1 humanly speaking4 ,further1 since daughters inherit from the father1 the male entail woman forbears to realise and to exploit for her own uses returns to her sex in the person of her grand-daughter--by paternal inheritance4 ,for the able father is the parent of the able daughter4 ,thus ,nature works with the eternal justice of eternal reciprocity between the sexes2 making them all the while more complexly diverse1 but nevertheless more closely interdependent4 ,so that one sex can neither progress nor can it regress by itself2 but draws the other onward with it1 or drags it back4 ,thus1 the bread of human heritage consigned to the stream of posterity by one sex1 for equipment and furtherance of the other1 returns to the hand of the sex that consigned it4 ,if this be so--and ,i hope to prove it so--the woman who develops the potential male in her defrauds of its lawful racial and personal entail not only the opposite sex1 in the person of her son1 but she defrauds of its dower her own sex too1 in the person of her grand-daughter4 ,of the interesting and important biological processes underlying the mystery of the ,dual-,sex constitution and its manifold phenomena1 ,i am about to present a wholly new and--,i venture to believe--a wholly true and convincing elucidation4 ,natura simplex est1 said ,newton1 et sibi semper consonans4 7,nature is simple and always agrees with herself47 ,bewilderingly multiple in her phenomena1 she is superbly simple in her principles4 ,by the operation of her one great ,law of ,gravitation1 she sustains the mighty ,solar systems--and brings the apple to the ground4 ,by the extension1 counterpoise and co-operation of one ,primal ,cosmic ,energy--with its dual impulses1 ,centripetal and ,centrifugal--she has generated all the diverse marvels of a ,universe4 ,and in view of her simplicity of ,principle1 it is conceivable that the ,duality of ,sex may be an extension into ,life of that same principle of ,duality which characterises the vaster ,cosmic phenomena4 ,if this be true1 ,man and ,woman are the complex resultant of infinitely many and varied evolutionary differentiations and associations of the two modes of ,primal ,energy4 ,if so1 the principle of ,sex must have existed before ,matter2 must have been inherent in ,creation before ,creation began to evolve4 ,and if so1 ,evolution would seem to have had for its purpose the ever further and fuller manifestation of these dual and contrary inherences in terms of ,life and ,sex4 ,while1 to judge by effects1 it has had for its means such ever more intimate and intricate co-operations of these as have resulted in the progressively diverse and complex developments found to-day in ,human ,life and ,human ,sex-,characteristics4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,mystery ,,of ,,sex ,,and ,,sex-,,transmission ,the idea that the female is naturally and really the superior sex seems incredible1 and only the most liberal and emancipated minds1 possessed of a large store of biological information1 are capable of realising it4--,professor ,lester ,ward4 ,i ,those happy persons who do not perplex themselves concerning the intrinsic causes behind all physical phenomena see it as only natural that two parents of opposite sex should produce offspring of both sexes4 ,and yet it is not only a great mystery1 but1 on the face of it1 it is an anomaly that a child who may possess an admixture of all the physical and mental characteristics of its two parents1 bears1 nevertheless1 the sex and the sex-characteristics of one only4 ,sex1 male or female1 breeds true in nearly every case2 the rare exceptions merely emphasising the rule4 ,the mystery deepens when we realise that every individual is a product of countless such admixtures of the qualities1 throughout countless generations1 of countless forefathers and foremothers4 ,and although such a man or woman may hark back to any one1 or more1 of the traits of his or her innumerable forbears1 he or she1 nevertheless1 breeds true in the factors of sex and sex-characteristics4 ,long and closely biologists have pondered these many and involved problems4 ,how is it1 they inquire1 that an embryo bred of two parents of opposite sex develops the sex of one only of these8 ,how is it that the mother1 who belongs to one sex only1 produces--and produces in about equal number--offspring of both8 ,the phenomenon is expressed1 biologically1 in the term1 sex-limited factor--an incalculable something in the embryo which limits its sex to the sex of one only of its parents4 ,but the something1 and the method of this sex-limitation have remained enigmas4 ,sex is regarded by the new ,mendelian school of biologists as that which is known as a ,mendelian factor4 ,and to follow the argument to its conclusions1 a few simple words about the ,mendelian theory of ,heredity are essential to those unacquainted therewith4 99 99 99 99 99 ,about forty years ago1 a ,german monk1 ,mendel by name1 was struck by the facts that in his bed of edible peas certain plants grew tall1 while others remained dwarf2 that the blossoms of certain plants were white always1 while those of others were always coloured4 ,he made a number of experiments in crossing the plants1 with a view to discovering the law of inheritance by way of its operation in hybrid varieties4 ,briefly1 the results of his experiments--which have since been repeated and confirmed by many later observers--were as follows3 ,there are plants that are tall and can transmit only ,tallness to offspring4 ,there are plants that are dwarf and can transmit only ,dwarfness to offspring4 ,so too1 there are plants of white blossom or of coloured blossom that can transmit1 respectively1 only ,white or ,coloured blossoming to offspring4 ,when a ,tall is crossed with a ,dwarf plant1 however1 or a ,coloured with a ,white plant1 strange to say1 the hybrid offspring of this cross shows one only of these opposite traits1 to the exclusion of the other4 ,no intermediate1 or mixed1 forms are produced4 ,thus1 a ,tall crossed with a ,dwarf produces only ,talls4 ,plants of ,coloured flower crossed with those of ,white flower give only ,coloured flowering varieties4 ,a yellow and a green-seeded cross produce only yellow-seeded plants4 ,in the cross between plants of opposite traits1 one set of traits appears thus1 exclusively1 in the hybrid offspring4 ,these traits--because they dominate growth and development--,mendel styled ,dominant4 ,while those traits which are dominated by the other and opposite traits and do not appear in offspring1 he styled ,recessive4 ,on further breeding1 a new and stranger thing happens1 however4 ,because when such hybrids--plants bred of parents that had borne1 respectively1 ,dominant and ,recessive characteristics1 but with the parental ,dominant traits so overpowering the ,recessive traits of the other parent that these latter are submerged and concealed--,when these hybrids are crossed with other hybrids like themselves1 both the ,dominant and the ,recessive traits of the original parents reappear in offspring4 ,the tall hybrids resulting from the cross between ,tall and ,dwarf plants1 when crossed with other tall hybrids of similar origin1 produce both ,tall and ,dwarf plants4 ,so with ,colour1 and with the other so-called ,contrasted ,traits4 ,it becomes evident1 therefore1 that although the ,dominant traits of ,tallness and ,colour overpower in the growth and development of the second generation of plants1 the ,recessive traits of ,dwarfness and ,whiteness1 these latter traits are submerged only1 and are neither impaired in their values1 nor destroyed4 ,in the third generation1 under different conditions of mating1 the original ,recessive1 and submerged1 traits re-appear1 and reveal themselves in offspring-plants as the ,dwarfness or the ,whiteness that had characterised their grandparents4 ,mendel assumed that such hybrid plants--offspring of a ,dominant and of a ,recessive parent--produce two varieties of sex-cells1 or gametes1 and that one order of cells contain the ,dominant traits of the ,dominant parent1 while the other order contain the ,recessive traits of the ,recessive parent4 ,but any individual sex-cell1 or gamete1 cannot 7according to his view7 bear both ,dominant and ,recessive traits4 ,the ,dominant traits and the ,recessive traits of the respective parents he regarded as being segregated1 absolutely1 in one or in the other set of sex-cells produced by hybrid varieties4 ,and of these1 the cells bearing ,dominant traits are able to transmit ,dominant traits only to offspring2 while the cells bearing ,recessive traits transmit ,recessive traits only to offspring4 ,,ii ,now1 ,biology shows that plants and living creatures develop from a single microscopic cell1 formed by the union of two half-cells1 of which each half was contributed by one of the two parents4 ,clearly then1 a hybrid plant is one that has sprung from the union of two half-cells1 one of which bore the ,dominant traits of one parent1 while the other bore the ,recessive traits of the other parent4 ,but because ,dominant traits overpower ,recessive traits in development1 the cross between a tall plant and a dwarf plant produces tall offspring only--,tallness being a ,dominant trait which overpowers the ,recessive trait of ,dwarfness4 ,so too1 the cross between a plant bearing coloured and a plant bearing white flowers produces offspring bearing coloured flowers only--,colour being ,dominant over the ,recessive ,trait of ,whiteness4 ,but because the ,recessive traits of ,dwarfness and of ,whiteness were only overpowered in the plant-development1 by the ,dominant traits of ,tallness and ,colour1 but were neither lost nor impaired in stock1 hybrid plants that had shown only ,dominant traits in growth and constitution1 produce1 nevertheless1 two sorts of sex-cells for plant-reproduction3 cells that bear the ,recessive traits of the one parent1 and cells that bear the ,dominant traits of the other parent4 ,so that in the fertilisation of one another by such hybrids1 cells bearing ,dominant traits mate with other cells bearing ,dominant traits1 and produce plants of pure ,dominant type--,tall or ,coloured1 like one of the grandparents4 ,while cells bearing ,recessive traits mate with other cells bearing ,recessive traits1 and produce plants of pure ,recessive type--,dwarf or ,white1 like the other grandparent4 ,it is seen1 therefore1 that in plants1 when a cell bearing ,dominant traits mates with one bearing ,recessive traits1 the ,dominant characteristics so overpower the ,recessive that these latter lie latent1 and concealed1 in the resulting plant4 ,but when a cell bearing ,recessive traits mates with another cell bearing ,recessive traits1 the resulting plant 7its growth and development not over-ridden now by the more assertive ,dominant traits7 is able to develop its ,recessive characteristics4 99 99 99 99 99 ,these interesting and significant laws of plant-heredity and constitution1 discovered by ,mendel in peas1 have since been found by many expert observers to hold true as regards other species of plants2 as too in poultry1 in mice1 and in rabbits1 and moreover1 in the hereditary transmission of human characteristics4 ,in ,heredity and ,variation1 ,dr4 ,saleeby points out that in the mating of a black with a white rabbit1 some of the offspring will be black like one parent1 some white like the other1 and some grey--a blend of the colours of both parents4 ,in the last case1 the ,dominant trait of ,blackness1 derived from one rabbit-parent1 blends in the fur of the rabbit-offspring with the ,recessive trait of ,whiteness1 derived from the other rabbit-parent2 a grey rabbit resulting4 ,but that the ,contrasted ,traits come to no more than a temporary and partial compromise during the life of such a rabbit-individual1 without either of the traits losing its intrinsic characteristic--,blackness and ,whiteness1 respectively--is proved by the fact that these grey rabbit-offspring1 on further breeding1 produce not grey rabbits1 but black rabbits and white rabbits2 proving that the ,black trait and the ,white trait in them remained distinct and segregated1 neither altering its character in the least degree4 ,it is as though one should take a spoonful of black pepper and a spoonful of white salt1 and thoroughly mix them4 ,a drab pepper-and-salt mixture will result4 ,but neither pepper nor salt will have changed its colour or its properties one iota4 ,could they be separated out again1 each would be precisely as it had been before mixing4 ,so it is with the ,dominant and the ,recessive traits in living organisms4 ,they commingle intimately1 but each retains its original and intrinsic quality4 ,all the diverse and beautiful varieties of vegetation and the loveliness of flowers1 in form and colour1 result from multiple associations in hybrid-plants1 of those which are known as the ,contrasted ,traits of parent-stock4 ,,iii ,the lay reader need not perplex himself with the problems and phenomena of ,mendelism4 ,all he requires to remember are its three leading principles4 ,firstly1 that in the world of ,life1 plant and animal1 living attributes are divided into two contrasting orders4 ,secondly1 that of these two orders of so-called ,contrasted ,traits 7,contrasting ,traits would be a fitter phrase71 the two groups are as absolute and opposite in character and in significance as are the plus and the minus signs of ,algebra1 the ,positive and the ,negative potentials of ,electricity1 the conditions of ,light and ,darkness1 of ,blackness and ,whiteness1 of ,heat and ,cold4 ,thirdly1 that the ,dominant order of traits are paramount over and extinguish the ,recessive order of traits4 ,to sustain her equilibrium by a counterpoise of dual and contrary factors1 physical and vital1 ,nature must preserve these factors absolute and unchangeable as the constitution and the opposite attraction of ,the ,poles4 ,but in order to produce her countless progressive variations of form and attribute1 physical and vital1 she assembles these contrary factors in countless progressively complex combinations1 co-operations and correlations4 ,it is conceivable1 therefore1 that the infinite gradations and variations of form and attribute found in the world of living creatures are1 as in the world of plants1 phenomena of the ever further differentiation and more complex combination1 in the hybrid offspring of two parents1 of two orders of ,contrasting ,traits1 transmitted by the respective parents4 ,in all their multiple associations and diverse developments1 however1 the two ,sets of ,traits remain unchanged1 precisely as do the individual elements of chemical combinations4 ,variations in species result1 accordingly1 not from change in the essential traits1 but from changes in the modes and the degrees of the commingling of these in organisms2 and in the modes and degrees of their ever more complex associations in such4 ,tallness1 being an impulse toward extension1 can never be ,dwarfness1 which is an impulse toward contraction4 ,black can never be ,white4 ,square can never be ,round4 ,yet two opposite traits1 both influencing development1 may come to a mean1 or poise1 in an individual organism2 as is seen in the grey offspring of a black rabbit mated with a white rabbit4 ,but it is a counterpoise merely of contrary factors4 ,the traits of ,blackness and ,whiteness remain absolute and unalterable4 ,if now1 the reader has grasped these leading principles of ,plant-biology1 he is in a position to follow the new application of them to ,human ,biology which ,i now venture to present4 ,without going into details of physiology1 it may be stated that the principles of reproduction are so identical in plants and living creatures as wholly to justify argument from one to the other4 ,the only differences are in degrees of structural complexity as organisms rise higher in the scale of development1 and demand1 accordingly1 more complex organs and functions for the more perfect manifestation of their characteristics2 as also for the transmission of these to offspring4 ,it may be repeated1 however1 that ,mendelian law is found to hold good in humans1 both in the hereditary transmission of normal characteristics and in the hereditary transmission of the abnormal traits of disease and degeneracy4 ,increasing complexities1 structural and functional1 are indispensable to the presentment of the attributes of the higher species1 ,man4 ,but such complexities are1 nevertheless1 continuous with and have sprung out of the simplicities of lower and rudimentary organisms1 precisely as the branches and leaves and flowers of a plant are continuous with and have sprung out of its roots4 ,a vital and important biological detail 7to be considered later7 is that plants are not1 as living creatures are1 differentiated into a right and a left-side1 identical in construction4 ,another is that plants are self-fertilising4 ,with the lower animals1 plural births are the rule4 ,and in these1 the still crude and imperfect differentiations of the ,contrasting ,traits allow of piebald and other modes of chequered colour and amorphous construction4 ,the higher the organism1 the more complex are the biological requirements for its pre-natal development1 as for its post-natal nurture4 ,the functions of ,parenthood1 both physiological and psychological1 are always evolving to higher and more complex issues1 therefore1 as the species to be reproduced and nurtured becomes more complex4 ,in human births1 single offspring is the normal4 ,twin births are comparatively rare4 ,and that these are abnormal is shown by twins being below the average always in health or in faculty2 usually in both4 ,,iv ,as already mentioned1 ,sex is regarded by the large and ever-increasing order of the adherents of ,mendel as a ,mendelian factor4 ,but in applying ,mendelian truth to humans1 ,i venture to think the applications have not been carried to their ultimate and most momentous conclusions4 ,because1 given the keynote to the ,principle of ,duality in the phenomenon of the ,contrasting ,traits found manifesting in plant-heredity and constitution1 the duality of the ,human ,sexes1 with their respective orders of ,contrasting characteristics1 suggests itself as being analogous4 ,human attributes1 physical and mental1 are seen1 like those of plants1 to group themselves into two distinct categories1 the ,male and the ,female sex-characteristics1 primary and secondary4 ,and these1 though wholly contrary in nature and in trend1 are found--precisely as occurs in plants--linked together in the hybrid offspring of the two parents from whom they were1 respectively1 derived2 blending in a temporal unity1 but remaining1 nevertheless1 unchanged in their essential differences2 coming to means and counterpoises in individual organisations1 yet nevertheless preserved distinct and unalloyed in these1 as is shown by their emergence1 unaltered1 in offspring of opposite sexes4 ,as a hybrid plant is the product of two parents characterised by opposite traits--,tallness and ,dwarfness1 for example--so1 ,i submit1 a human creature is the hybrid offspring of two parents characterised by opposite traits--,maleness and ,femaleness1 with the ,sex-traits differentiating one sex from the other4 ,and at once a solution of the many baffling presentments and problems of ,sex presents itself--of the enigma of man with ,woman potential in him1 of woman with ,man potential in her2 a key to the mysterious ,duality of human biology and psychology1 with its conflict of battling impulses1 its harmonies of blending attributes1 its innumerable and diverse developments in proportions1 in means1 in extremes2 in normalities1 eccentricities1 deviations and reversions4 ,and the analogy between the two orders of ,traits--in ,plant-life at the lower end of the scale of species1 and in ,human life and psychology at the higher end--suggests that the ever-increasing complexity of organisation and faculty which has characterised ,evolutionary ,progress1 has had for aim1 as it has had for method1 the ever further differentiation and more perfect segregation1 but1 nevertheless1 the ever closer and more intricate association of the contrary factors of ,maleness and ,femaleness4 ,in the lower organisms--plant and animal--the two groups of ,traits are but crudely differentiated as characteristics distinguishing one sex from the other4 ,in such lower organisms1 ,sex-development is merely rudimentary2 the first foreshadowings in ,life of two intrinsic orders of ,essential ,attribute1 the progressive evolution whereof reveals two contrary trends in physiological and psychical inherences4 ,like ,light and ,darkness1 ,heat and ,cold1 ,sex is a phenomenon of ,dual states which manifest by way of relativity4 ,without ,maleness1 ,femaleness has no significance--no existence1 in fact4 ,and the converse4 ,and in the lower and rudimentary forms of existence1 in proportion to their degrees of undevelopment1 the dual states of ,sex are but faintly defined4 ,the very lowly forms are bi-sexual and self-fertilising4 ,while the first and simplest mode of reproduction is by cell-division merely2 the principle of ,sex1 with its dual factors1 functioning1 but not yet differentiated into dual forms4 ,the evolution of ,species and the evolution of ,sex have been so absolutely co-incident in biological progress1 indeed1 that we are forced to perceive them as cause and effect2 or1 rather1 as one and the same thing4 ,and the evolution of ,sex has meant1 of course1 the ever further divergence and the more complex specialisation1 in form and in function1 of the characteristics of the one sex from those of the other4 ,v ,on still closer consideration1 it appears1 moreover1 that the evolution of ,sex has meant pre-eminently the evolution of the female sex--the slow and gradual emergence and development1 in species1 of female characteristics1 as1 in course of ,evolution1 these have freed themselves and have risen ever further into evidence from long subjection by the stronger1 fiercer1 more assertive--in a word1 the ,dominant--traits of the male4 7,a conclusion as singularly interesting1 ,i think1 as it is instructive1 in view of modern ,feminist doctrine and aims1 which make1 not for the culture and the ever further evolutionary development of the ,woman-traits in woman1 but1 on the contrary1 for a reversion to earlier cruder states of the subjection in her of her ,woman-traits by those male ,dominant ones1 which1 as the hybrid offspring of a male and of a female parent1 every female creature inherits from her father1 together with the ,woman-traits she inherits from her mother4 ,there is seen here the irony that woman has1 by long ages of biological development1 released herself from sociological subjection by the male1 only voluntarily to set the ,woman in herself in far worse psychological subjection to the male in herself47 ,in the new and profoundly interesting light thrown by ,mendel on some previously unsolved problems of heredity1 the reason for the long subjection of woman1 biological and sociological1 becomes clear4 ,because1 given the key-notes of ,tallness and ,colour as ,dominant traits1 one identifies these1 at once1 as traits of ,maleness2 the greater stature of male creatures and the richer colour of their fur and plumage in the lower species pointing unmistakably thereto4 ,dwarfness 7or lesser stature7 and ,whiteness 7or lesser colour7 are ,recessive1 and are obviously ,female traits4 ,the plant of ,dominant type1 though still bi-sexual1 is making for a male genus2 the ,recessive type is making for a ,female genus4 ,white creatures are so feminine in general effect that it seems an anomaly when they are males4 ,the converse is true of black creatures4 ,the black horse is stubborn and restive2 the white1 gentle and submissive4 ,white poultry are prolific in egg-production2 white cattle are good milkers--a female characteristic4 ,jersey cows are both small in size and pale of colour4 ,the male sex stands presumably for ,dominance4 ,and his positive1 or objective1 traits overpowering the negative1 or subjective1 traits of ,recessiveness1 prevail accordingly in early biological development4 ,the female sex stands for ,recessiveness4 ,her less assertive traits yield and recede into the background before those of the ,dominant male4 ,in stature1 in strength1 and in colour1 and in the allied mental attributes1 he holds the foreground in form and in function4 ,the reason being that his role in ,life is adaptation to environment4 ,the male1 therefore1 in his masculine role of ,adaptation1 with his ,dominant traits making fiercely for the survival and for the ever further development of physical fitness--until physical fitness1 or ,adaptation1 had attained due degrees of ascendancy--was long lord of ,creation2 the female1 his vassal4 ,and this not only in life and in action1 but too in the personal characteristics of both sexes4 ,during aeons before the ,recessive female-traits were able to come into evidence as definite traits1 they functioned as negations1 merely2 submerged and over-ridden in all female creatures by the ,dominant male-traits they had inherited from their sires4 ,primal physical development may be said1 thus1 to have derived its first impulse from those fierce and fighting male-proclivities which characterised it in the epoch of that early savage struggle with environment whence ,species emerged4 ,only with further evolutionary progress1 do the female traits manifest as personal characteristics1 secure survival1 and find increasing exercise and sway4 ,the tigress is only less fierce1 less strong1 and less savage than the tiger4 ,primal woman was only less fierce1 less strong1 and less savage than the male4 ,it is only1 indeed1 in the maternal function and relation that the female traits of both tigress and primal woman awake1 and find justification1 impulse1 and scope for development4 ,and while the material progress which has led to modern ,civilisation resulted from ,adaptation to1 and of1 environment1 and derived its impulse from the male proclivities of strength1 assertiveness and intelligence1 the moral progress thereof may be said to have derived its impulse from the evolution of the female sex-characteristics4 ,because the evolution of ,woman-traits has meant the ever further tempering and counterpoising of the fiercely active and aggressive male propensities1 by the more passive and self-surrendering qualities of the female4 ,judging the respective characteristics of the sexes by their widely-differing roles in the most important of their co-operative living functions1 the parental one--the sole function wherein the sexes of lower organisation co-operate1 indeed--the respective attributes of ,dominance and ,recessiveness manifest clearly in these4 ,the province of the male being to fight for mate and young1 providing food1 defending life--in order to fit him for this struggle for racial survival1 his traits of strength and stature remain long paramount1 alike in development and function1 over those of the female1 as regards his own organisation and that of his offspring1 both male and female4 ,the province of the female being to surrender her powers to the nurture of offspring before birth1 and1 after birth1 mildly to suckle and to tend its helplessness1 ,nature equips her to these ends2 inhibiting1 or negativing1 strength and fierceness in her by the traits of ,recessiveness4 ,tigress or savage woman1 her struggle with the rough conditions of primal existence is only less fierce and less strenuous than her mate's4 ,it demands the positive male-qualities 7which manifest first in stature1 strength and pugnacity7 only less in degree than does his1 therefore4 ,the negative female qualities which1 manifesting first in passivity and surrender1 detract from her fierceness and activity1 would have made for extinction of species had they not been defended by those of her fighting mate1 as too by the male-traits she herself had inherited from her fighting father4 ,they could only evolve1 accordingly1 precisely in proportion as they were sheltered behind the male dominant powers4 ,the tiger shelters his tigress only during her maternal phases1 however4 ,her cubs brought forth1 suckled1 reared1 and thrust into the jungle to fend for themselves1 she must fight her own battles for food and existence4 ,and her brief maternal phases being all too short for more than the scantest development of female traits--which derive their fullest impulse in their exercise as mother-traits--she remains a tigress merely1 and produces tiger offspring merely1 because only tigerishness secures survival in her domain of life and attribute4 ,with the further advance of progressing species1 savage woman has evolved from savage brute to savage woman by way of such increasing shelter and protection by her ,dominant mate as have permitted the slow and gradual evolution of the ,recessive ,woman-traits in her2 and thereby the evolution of the ,woman-sex4 ,her maternal phases and the unfitnesses of these become ever more prolonged and incapacitating2 her offspring demands ever longer periods of suckling1 devotion and care1 as both she and it rise higher in the scale of organisation4 ,thus1 ,sex has evolved in the male by response to the ever-increasing claims upon him1 by the female and by offspring1 of his traits of protective chivalry and intelligent effort4 ,and ,sex has evolved in the female by response to the ever-increasing claims by offspring upon her1 of her traits of devotion and ministry4 ,the evolution of the ,woman-attributes has been rendered possible only by that protection accorded by the male to the female as the due of her maternal unfitnesses2 securing thus for her and for offspring a more privileged and kindlier environment4 ,environment which1 evoking less of fight and physical stress1 enabled her inherent milder1 self-surrendering ,recessive traits to emerge1 to unfold1 and to function increasingly in life and heredity4 ,and in the degree of her advancing evolution1 the male evolved4 ,because1 just as in her earlier hybrid constitution1 the ,dominant male-traits she had inherited from her father1 submerging the ,recessive female-traits she had inherited from her mother1 made her1 for long aeons1 more male than she was female1 so now1 with their progressive evolution1 the ,recessive female-traits not only made her ever more woman1 but1 transmitted in ever fuller measure to her sons1 increasingly tempered1 modified and humanised1 the masculine fierceness and combativeness of these4 ,whereby were substituted arts of peace and civilisation for those of war4 ,thus1 with advancing ,evolution1 the female sex-characteristics have engendered1 in both sexes1 qualities of quietism and subordination1 to temper those of force and aggression2 amenities of gentleness1 forbearance and affection1 to soften assertiveness1 turn the edge of strife1 and fructify intelligence4 ,thus1 human civilisation has been fostered and furthered4 ,in the hybrid creature that every man and woman is1 are grouped two sets of ,contrasting ,traits1 or ,sex-characteristics3 traits ,dominant1 or male1 and traits ,recessive1 or female4 ,and in the complex human hybrid1 these traits1 ever increasing in complexity of constitution and further diverging in trend1 are associated in ever more close and complex poise and counterpoise as both become more intensified and intelligised4 ,man is a hybrid in whom the male ,dominant traits derived from his father prevail in impulse and development over the female ,recessive traits derived from his mother4 ,woman is a hybrid in whom the maternal ,recessive traits prevail in impulse and development over the male ,dominant traits she has inherited from her father4 ,the ,woman-traits 7which1 as said1 reach their highest culmination in mother-traits71 become in man paternal traits2 modified mother-instincts which move him not only to love1 in addition to providing for and protecting offspring1 but1 transfiguring all his other characteristics1 move him to philanthropy1 amity1 tolerance and altruism in his dealings with his fellow-creatures4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,one ,,side ,,of ,,body ,,is ,,male1 ,,the ,,other ,,side ,,is ,,female ,oh1 ,i must feel your brain prompt mine1 ,your heart anticipate my heart1 ,you must be just before1 in fine1 ,see and make me see1 for your part1 ,new depths of the ,divine6 ,robert ,browning4 ,i ,on further applying the ,principle of ,duality1 as operating in organisation and heredity1 strangely interesting and significant developments appear4 ,because1 with the ever further evolution of ,form and ,faculty as organisms have risen higher in the scale of life1 the bodies of living creatures are seen to have become further differentiated into two sides2 a right and a left4 ,anatomically1 these two sides appear identical in structure and in function1 although contrary in incidence to one another4 ,each is incomplete and impotent without the other4 ,nevertheless1 paralysis and other diseases show that each is1 as it were1 an entity totally distinct from the other4 ,one side may be wholly helpless and insensitive while its fellow remains sound and efficient4 ,complementary and supplementary each to the other1 both are1 in a sense1 complete4 ,further and closer comparison of function shows1 however1 that although they co-operate in action1 they are by no means identical in power or aptitude4 ,the right half of the body is1 for both sexes1 the active and executive half2 quicker and stronger1 and in all ways more efficient on the plane of physics4 ,the left half is1 relatively1 passive and inert1 is responsive1 mainly1 to the initiative and requirements of the right half1 by which its powers are overshadowed in every form of direct activity4 ,as with the two sides of the body1 so it is with the two halves of the brain1 which are at the same time the agencies of mentality and the centres for recording the sensations and for directing the movements of the two sides of the body4 ,the brain-half which controls the right side is known as the ,leading half4 ,it is the agent in concrete intellection1 as in physical activity4 ,while1 so far as biologists and psychologists have been able to discover1 the other half of the brain is negative in function--a blank1 as regards concrete intelligence and nervous or muscular initiative4 ,in disease1 it has sometimes been found to undertake1 and to perform feebly and imperfectly1 sundry of the duties of its active ,leading partner4 ,but inert and inadequate in muscular action1 it is negative in intellection4 ,it has been observed1 however1 that patients in whom this brain-half is diseased show signs of moral deterioration4 ,yet whatsoever its functions--and the fact that it does not atrophy nor degenerate in the marvellous structure and complexity which characterise brain-constitution shows that it functions duly--its operations are totally dissimilar to1 and are1 moreover1 wholly overshadowed by those of its active1 intelligent partner4 ,here again1 as in the two sides of the body1 appear1 surely1 the factors of ,dominance and ,recessiveness--in other words of ,maleness and ,femaleness2 of strength and activity upon material planes1 and of inhibition upon these4 ,developments which1 being in full agreement with one another and with others1 suggest that the two orders of ,sex-characteristics 7derived from parents of opposite sex7 are centred1 respectively1 in the two sides of the body1 and in the two brain-hemispheres allied1 respectively1 with these4 ,one side of the body1 with its allied brain-half1 represents the paternal inherences of the individual2 the other1 the maternal4 ,if so1 the right side of the body1 with its allied ,leading1 or ,dominant1 brain-half is1 clearly1 of male inherence4 ,while the left side1 with its allied ,recessive1 or ,dormant1 brain-half is of female inherence4 ,the inference is further supported by the fact that the stronger right side is rather larger and more masculine in form2 while left-side limbs are in normal right-handed persons1 more slender and shapely and delicate--in a word more womanly--than are those of the right4 ,as regards the face1 from one aspect both sides are complete1 from another aspect both are incomplete1 without the other4 ,and in configuration and expression1 the two sides of the face differ appreciably2 the left side being more psychical1 emotional and subtle--in a word again more womanly4 ,in most persons1 the hands and ears and eyes of one side differ from those of the other1 both in form and in function4 ,in some persons the differences are considerable4 ,it happens occasionally1 indeed1 that the eye of one side resembles in colour the eyes of one parent1 while the opposite eye bears the colour of those of the other parent4 ,strange to say1 there are1 moreover1 in the human male1 organs concerned with the strictly female function of lactation4 ,indication of primaeval human hermaphrodites formed one of ,darwin's greatest puzzles1 indeed4 ,in his ,descent of ,man1 the following passage occurs3 ,it has been known that in the vertebrate ,kingdom one sex bears rudiments of various accessory parts appertaining to the reproductive system1 which properly belong to the other sex4444 ,some remote progenitor of the whole vertebrate kingdom appears to have been hermaphrodite1 or androgynous4 ,it escaped him as it has escaped later biologists that ,man1 the highest of the vertebrates1 is still androgynous4 ,and this inevitably so1 since1 being of bi-sexual parentage1 the sex-characteristics of both parents must be present in him4 ,in ,the ,evolution of ,sex1 ,professors ,geddes and ,thomson state3 ,sometimes a fish is male on one side1 female on the other1 or male anteriorly and female posteriorly4444 ,among invertebrates the same has been occasionally observed1 especially among butterflies1 where striking differences in the colouring of the wings on the two sides have in some cases been found to correspond to an internal co-existence of ovary and testes4444 ,the prettiest cases of superficial hermaphrodism occur among insects1 especially among moths and butterflies1 where it often happens that the wings on one side are those of the male1 on the other1 those of the female4 ,,ii ,despite the fact that ,nature has evolved the complex human races from the single-celled microscopic amoeba 7,protoplasmic father of ,man1 as science has styled this71 there are those who regard it as another of numerous blunders on the part of the ,great ,mother that the left side of the body is a more or less passive and powerless member4 ,accordingly1 the doctrine of ,ambidextry has arisen4 ,with the result that its wiser exponents have abandoned it4 ,because it has been found that children trained on ,ambidextrous lines develop neurotic symptoms4 ,this occurs even in cases in which children naturally left-handed are taught to use the right hand1 as is normal4 ,in a lecture given before ,the ,child-,study ,society in ,london1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,b4 ,ballard1 ,london ,county-,council ,inspector of ,schools1 stated that left-handed bowlers send down the ugliest balls1 left-handed boxers deal the most unexpected blows--blows that hurt terribly4 ,to be left-handed1 it seemed1 was to be not merely awkward1 but to be wicked1 moreover4 ,yet any attempt to interfere with a child's natural habit is liable to make him stammer4 7,the evil bent of left-handed persons has a special significance in view of my hypothesis of the dissimilar mental functions of the two brain-hemispheres4 ,the term sinister expresses this bent4 ,the inference is that in such transposition of the normal functions of the brain-halves1 the tempering and humanising influence of the ,woman-half is counteracted47 ,of a group of #ede left-handed children1 #a per cent4 of pure left-handers stammered1 against #d4c per cent1 of #cii1 in course of being taught to use the right hand1 ,mr4 ,ballard further stated4 ,in another group of #bjg1 the figures were #d4b per cent1 and #ba4h per cent4 respectively4 ,six out of ten left-handed children who had been taught to use the right hand were practically cured of stammering after having been allowed to use the left hand exclusively for eighteen months4 ,there are twice as many left-handed boys as left-handed girls2 and stammering is twice as prevalent among boys4 ,all of which indicates normal differences in function of the two sides of the body--differences suggesting that1 as ,i have surmised1 each is the site and the agency of a principle totally unlike that of the other4 ,,iii ,upon referring to ,biology--on the processes whereof every development1 both physical and psychical1 of living creatures rests--this curious dual constitution of the body1 together with the problems of dual sex-transmission and inherency1 become explicable4 ,and the solutions are at the same time so simple and inevitable as to be the strongest possible confirmation of my thesis4 ,as already stated1 living organisms1 offspring of two parents1 derive half the source of their structure from one parent1 half from the other4 ,all plants and living creatures evolve their organisation from a single microscopic cell1 precisely as ,life itself evolved primarily1 and has developed out of the single-celled1 microscopic amoeba4 ,the microscopic cell which develops into a living creature is composed thus of two halves1 or gametes1 to employ the scientific term4 ,one half was contributed by the father3 the other1 by the mother4 ,the two have united to form a whole cell4 ,from such a cell 7zygote71 half male1 half female1 the body of every living organism has sprung4 ,now1 although these two half-cells unite to form a whole cell1 exchange constituents1 and appear to lose their identity each in the other1 it is1 in the face of the strange dual constitution of the body1 difficult to doubt that each half actually retains its identity and sex-inherences1 and develops along its own lines 7albeit in close correlation with the other71 throughout all the marvellous1 intricate1 and complex processes of embryological existence1 during which the zygote is evolving into a living creature1 capable of separate and individual life4 ,and the inherences of these two halves are represented1 at birth1 in the respective sides of the body2 each being1 as it were1 a complete and perfect entity1 although inseparably knit in one flesh to its twin4 ,and throughout all the further intricate and complex processes whereby the creature comes to maturity1 lives1 reproduces its species1 and dies1 each half preserves its individual inherence alike in constitution and in function4 ,and yet in the mystical unity of their commingling duality1 they are one flesh4 ,each of the parental half-cells contained1 marvellously1 the potential moiety of a living personality4 ,but either1 alone1 would have been but an incomplete and valueless thing1 had it not become united with the complementary half-cell required to complete it structurally1 and to engender and energise its potentialities4 ,nevertheless1 throughout all the immature and the mature phases of life1 from conception to birth1 and from birth onward to death1 the opposite sides of the body represent normally the opposite sex-inherences of their respective parents4 ,they are1 in humans1 the ,man and the ,woman--two in one--that exist in every living man and woman4 ,they represent contrary principles2 they perform different functions2 they engender and energise dissimilar processes4 ,one is the centre of the ,male characteristics1 ,dominant upon the material plane2 the other1 of the ,female characteristics1 ,recessive thereon4 ,normality and health are the mean and balance1 in the individual1 of the complementary and supplementary functions and processes of the opposite sex-inherences of his1 or her1 body4 ,precisely as in the social economy the complementary and supplementary roles of men and women counterpoise the aptitudes and determine the effectiveness of human life and action4 ,the left1 ,female-half of the body1 with its allied half-brain1#a is inhibitive1 and engenders the evolution and the preservation1 physical and mental1 of ,the ,type2 sustaining health and vital power by way of the female attributes of rest and conservation4 ,the right1 ,male half1 with its allied half-brain1 is executive1 and energises the development 7,adaptation7 of ,the ,type in its relation to ,environment1 and1 disbursing and applying the vital resources1 generates and differentiates potential faculty in terms of living function4 ,,iv ,this hypothesis of the dual constitution and of dual functions of the two-sided body supplies an explanation1 equally simple and inevitable1 of the parental transmission of ,sex4 ,natura simplex est1 said ,newton4 ,and ,du ,prel1 ,nature is much more simple than we have any conception of4 ,because1 as ,biology shows1 not only does each of the two parents contribute to offspring1 but there being both a right and a left reproductive gland in members of both sexes1 the contribution either parent supplies must have been derived from one or other of these glands in them4 ,and if the two sides of the body are of different sex-inherence1 it is only logical to conclude that the contribution the gland of one side makes will be of different sex-inherence from that of the other4 ,since all forms of ,energy have two modes1 potential 7or latent7 and kinetic 7or active71 on the plane of physics1 this must be true1 of course1 of ,vital ,energy4 ,life-energy must be present in all living bodies in the forms1 respectively1 of latent ,vital ,energy and functioning ,vital ,energy--energy conserved and available for functioning1 and energy expending itself in the living processes of mentality and action4 ,an individual is able to move his limbs by power of the potential motion stored1 or latent1 in the muscle-cells of his limbs4 ,just as a locomotive-engine is enabled to travel by power of the potential motion stored in the steam generated in its boiler4 ,and as in the living organism1 so in the engine1 the mechanism and the processes that engender in it the potential motion of steam are wholly distinct from those which convert this potential motion into actual motion4 ,one is able to think1 by power of the potential mentality stored1 or latent1 in his brain-cells4 ,for not only the vital processes which sustain the life of the organism1 as those too which enable it to function in terms of living personality and action1 but brain-power also must exist in the dual forms1 respectively1 of potential ,faculty and functioning ,faculty4 ,so too1 ,reproductive power4 ,in all of these appear again the modes of ,dominance and ,recessiveness1 of powers positive and manifesting1 and of powers negative and latent4 ,and since the female sex is characterised by traits of repose and conservation1 and the male sex by traits of action1 the dual modes of vital1 muscular1 cerebral and reproductive energy in potential1 and of vital1 muscular1 cerebral and reproductive energy in course of generating function1 range themselves inevitably on the two sides of the living equation as ,sex-characteristics differentiating the male organisation from that of the female4 ,thus ranged1 they characterise the two sides of the body as representing1 respectively1 a right1 male side which is the central agency in function1 and a left1 female side1 which is the reservoir of the potential of function4 ,if then the female mode of functioning is the ,potential1 or ,recessive1 a mode of latency1 it is to be inferred that the male traits every female creature inherits from her father will1 when incorporated in a body of female prepotence1 pass into the potential1 or ,recessive1 mode2 and will thus become inhibited from developing as male-characteristics4 ,nevertheless1 this male potential will be preserved in that reproductive gland which represents the paternal inherences in her1 and will be transmitted1 as her contribution to male offspring1 in the sex-cells generated by this gland4 ,while the female inherences every male derives from his mother will1 in the presence of the ,dominant male-characteristics he derives from his father1 retain their latent1 or ,recessive1 mode2 and will thus not emerge as female characteristics4 ,the female inherences will be preserved1 however1 in that reproductive gland which represents the maternal inherences in him2 and will be transmitted as his contribution to female offspring4 ,it will be seen thus that1 as in hybrid plants1 so in hybrid creatures of both sexes1 cells of two sexes are generated3 in the male1 cells ,dominant for maleness and cells ,recessive for maleness--female that is2 in the female1 ,recessive cells1 prepotent for femaleness1 and ,dominant1 or male1 cells4 ,and of these1 the ,dominant male sex-cells contributed by the male parent1 mating with the ,dominant1 or male1 sex-cells contributed by the female parent1 male offspring results4 ,while the ,recessive female sex-cells contributed by the female parent1 mating with the ,recessive1 or female1 sex-cells contributed by the male parent1 female offspring results4 ,furthermore1 ,dominance being paramount in development1 it must be from the ,dominant inherence imparted by residence in a male organisation to the potential1 or ,recessive1 female ,germ-,plasm that the latter derives the new developmental impulse it transmits to sex-cells4 ,while ,recessiveness being ,life and ,faculty in the potential mode1 it must be from the ,recessive inherence engendered in the ,dominant male ,germ-,plasm1 by residence in a female organisation1 that its ,dominance1 passing into latency1 derives a new potential of further evolutionary impetus4 ,the differentiation of living creatures into two sexes1 therefore1 of bodies into two sides1 of brains into two halves1 and of ,germ-,plasm into two reproductive glands1 would seem to have had for object the ever further specialisation and segregation in the individual1 for purposes alike of constitutional organisation and of the evolution of ,faculty and ,reproduction1 of the two ,orders of ,contrasting ,traits1 which ,i have assumed to be ,maleness and ,femaleness1 respectively4 ,from this view-point1 the female ,sex and ,sex-traits are ,recessive1 or ,potential1 always1 on the material plane1 and manifest increasingly thereon only by way of ever more complex alliances with male-traits2 which1 being positive on the concrete plane1 equip the female inherences for function thereon4 ,femaleness1 or ,recessiveness1 on its side1 however--being ,life-,energy in the potential--is all the while engendering new potence for ,dominance to transform into active1 or functioning1 power4 ,while although negative1 it is equally potent1 on its side of the equation1 to alter the values and manifestations of ,dominance4 ,just as negative electricity inhibits the positive and destructive forces of positive electricity1 although it does not1 of itself1 manifest directly4 ,the ,dominant traits of ,tallness and ,strength1 for example1 are direct and positive factors in physical development4 ,dwarfness and ,weakness are indirect and negative factors therein4 ,nevertheless1 degrees of ,dwarfness or of ,weakness must proportionally reduce and modify the tallness of ,tallness or the power of ,strength4 ,but that ,recessiveness is not a minus sign merely1 as algebraically understood--but is an essential potence on another1 and a psychical plane1 is shown by the lesser height of woman rendering itself as a ,grace2 her lesser strength appearing in the new virtue of ,gentleness4 ,that the female provides1 for fertilisation1 only a single sex-cell1 from the reproductive gland of one or other side1 while the male provides multiple and commingled cells from both sides1 supports the view that sex-cells derived from one side are of opposite sex-inherence to those from the other side4 ,otherwise1 why two reproductive glands8 ,the author of ,the ,causation of ,sex adduces evidence showing not only that the two glands are of opposite sex-inherence1 but1 moreover1 that normally they function alternately2 so that now a cell of one1 now1 of the other sex1 is produced4 ,it is likely1 however1 that function is seldom so mechanical1 but that personal constitution or nurture modifies its operations4 ,that the male cells are multiple in number points to such a struggle of survival-fitness as ever characterises the more strenuous male destiny4 ,not1 perhaps1 the fittest as regards intrinsic superiority1 but that most compatible with the requirements of the ,queen-cell is selected for mate4 ,should the ,queen-cell be of inferior standard1 therefore1 then 7as happens in life7 not the noblest of type1 but that most adapted to environment secures racial survival4 ,so that here again1 evolutionary racial advance may derive its impulse from the ,female factor4 ,a singular phenomenon1 recorded by the biologist1 ,roerig1 and one which materially supports my argument1 is that disease of the ovaries of a female deer will cause male antlers to develop in her4 ,proving a male organism concealed1 or held ,recessive1 in her1 by power of her female sex-organs normally to inhibit the development of her inherited male-traits4 ,a strange feature of this abnormal occurrence is that disease of one ovary only causes antlers to develop on one side only--and this on the side opposite to that of the diseased gland4 ,on the other hand1 castration of male sheep of the ,merino breed 7only the males of which are horned7 occasions hornlessness4 ,v ,male traits being paramount on the plane of concrete function1 although they exist 7normally7 in ,recessive form in the female1 it is from the male inherence of her active right side and its allied brain-half that she derives her concrete powers alike of body and of brain4 ,it is obvious1 therefore1 that when abnormally stimulated by undue exercise1 such male-traits may develop into abnormal dominance4 ,the left arm of woman is essentially the woman-member4 ,in its half-passive action of supporting her infant for hours together1 it is stronger for this maternal ministration than is the more active and doughty right arm of the male4 ,her left hand is more delicate of form1 gentler and more soothing of motion than her right hand is4 ,it is the hand she caresses with4 ,while for direct1 strong action--masculine action1 that is--the paternal right half of her is dominant1 as in the male4 ,and although in our present-day stages of ,evolution1 the ,recessive ,woman-traits have emerged as definite characteristics1 emancipating themselves from subjection by the ,dominant male-traits1 it must be remembered that their impulse and their powers are yet but rudimentary4 ,woman is still more male than she is female2 her methods being more masculine still than they are womanly4 ,and this in the degree of her cruder racial stock1 or of the harder conditions 7natural or artificial7 of the environment in which she finds herself1 demanding more of masculine proclivity in her--of physical activity and mental assertiveness--than of her intrinsic ,woman-qualities of emotion and ministry4 ,civilisation1 foreshadowing evolutionary ideals1 discountenances1 the fighting female4 ,nevertheless1 the cruder female fights still with her male right arm1 and the more cultured female1 with tongue and tactics4 ,the intrinsic ,woman-qualities1 whereof ,christianity is the gospel1 are yet in their infancy of development2 are yet more ideals for which we are shaping and waiting than they are realised and abiding facts4 ,even their own babes are not secure from the instinct of blows inherent in the male-muscles of their mothers' right arms1 when these are restrained neither by a woman's tenderness nor by a man's chivalry4 ,girl-babies1 save those of the rarer higher types1 beat their mothers and nurses only rather less frequently and less fiercely than boy-babies do4 ,later in their life-history1 that new impulse to the evolution of the ,woman-traits which characterises their development to womanhood1 normally negatives and further tempers in girls the male instincts of fight and of sport4 ,but many of our modern amazons1 brought up like boys1 are more male than are their brothers4 ,the male fighting-instinct which moved man to invent a club 7destructive7 has become so tempered by the increasingly potent ,woman-traits in him that1 save when angry or at war1 he is content to turn his club into a golf-stick1 a cricket bat1 or tennis racquet2 his sword into a plough-share4 ,whereas1 on the contrary1 the ,woman-traits which moved woman to invent the needle 7constructive7 are becoming so over-ridden by the male in her that modern woman1 artificially masculinised1 abhors the needle1 and is almost as much dominated as the other sex is by the male instinct for a weapon in the hand4 ,the class1 ,vertebrates1 would seem to represent an adaptation to environment typically ,male2 earlier than and contrary in trend to that of the ,mammalia1 whereof the impulse was obviously ,female4 ,increasing vertebration was characterised by such a progressive differentiation of ,male from ,female traits as progressively segregated these in opposite sides of the body2 with spinal column and spinal cord for1 respectively1 physical and nervous central lines of demarcation4 ,thus the ,male traits were enabled more and more to detach themselves at will from ,female inhibition1 and thereby increasingly to specialise and exercise those powers of force and fierceness and activity by way of which species became ever more individuated2 aggressive1 intelligent1 efficient1 in terms of ,fitness for the struggle for survival4 ,until that later evolution of female adaptation to ,unfitness1 in the sacrificial function of ,lactation1 inhibiting and tempering the earlier male trend1 engendered the yet higher order of ,mammalia4 7,with that intuitive illumination inspiring speech1 men and races lacking in virility are contemptuously described as being invertebrate47 ,according to this hypothesis1 the paternal 7and male7 inherences of any mother may be said to be transmitted to the grandson in the direct male line of her heredity--an unbroken line of ,maleness reaching back to its amoebic origin4 ,while the maternal 7and female7 inherences of any father are transmitted1 in the direct female line1 to the grand-daughter--a similar line of continuity4 ,the ,woman-sex and traits of the grandmother remain thus for a generation dormant1 or ,recessive1 in the father2 skipping a generation1 as the phrase is4 ,then1 in the third generation1 they re-appear in the grand-daughter2 by power of a maternal contribution in which the female inherence is prepotent4 ,while the male-sex and traits of the grandfather remain dormant1 or potential1 in the mother2 likewise skipping a generation4 ,then they emerge in the grandson1 by power of a male gamete evoking the inherent male in them4 ,,vi ,the attributes of the one sex invested thus in the other1 although normally submerged1 form nevertheless a valuable endowment2 supplying supplementary and complementary factors to counterpoise1 to energise1 and fructify the powers proper to the sex of the individual4 ,man bears throughout life the ,woman-potential his mother transmitted to him4 ,but it is not his to realise4 ,he bears it in trust for his daughters4 ,he transmits it to his daughters1 and in them this potential1 recovering its woman-impulse1 evolves to a further degree of woman-power4 ,the like with mothers and sons4 ,all of which is supported by the ,mendelian doctrine that the mother transmits ,femaleness as a ,dominant factor to her daughters and as a ,recessive factor to her sons4 ,but the method whereby this is achieved has remained a mystery4 ,professor ,punnett says with regard to the phenomenon3 ,the mother transmits to her daughter the dominant faculty of femaleness1 but to balance this1 as it were1 she transmits to her sons another quality which her daughters do not receive 444 among human families1 in respect to particular qualities1 the sons tend to resemble their mothers more than their daughters do4 ,a striking illustration of such transmission by mother to son of a paternally-derived abnormal inherence which she herself does not develop1 is found in so-called bleeders2 persons who suffer from the disease1 haemophilia4 ,the daughters of a bleeder father show no symptom at all of the affliction1 but they1 nevertheless1 pass on to their sons this male heritage of the grandfather4 ,there are numerous other examples of traits and diseases thus skipping a generation--in other words1 of lying dormant1 or potential1 merely2 overshadowed in the constitution and psychology of the sex to which they do not rightly belong1 but developing in a succeeding generation in offspring of that sex whereof they are a natural trait1 or 7so to speak7 a natural defect4 ,since the woman-half she contributes to their hybrid constitution engenders the potential of their living processes1 the mother may be regarded as still mothering her children throughout development and maturity1 and to the end of their natural term4 ,accounting for that mystical sympathy between mother and child which intuitively informs her of fatalities occurring to absent sons and daughters--but to sons pre-eminently4 ,marvellously1 they remain one living flesh so long as life persists4 ,during the ,war1 mothers at a distance have known by an intuitive flash1 and have told of the death of sons cut down in battle4 ,one mother described the sensation she experienced as being precisely as though one side of her body had been suddenly torn away4 ,so too1 mothers whose infants have died during childbirth or shortly after1 describe as persisting for months subsequently a sense as though part of them were dead4 ,the father too must function in the hybrid living constitution4 ,with the immense difference1 however1 that his part therein is a factor of the development of traits1 not of the mystical functioning of ,life4 ,a notable feature of this paternal heritage is that in women at middle-age 7when the wane of reproductive power releases vital potential from maternal investments7 not only may masculine physical traits emerge1 but there may develop in them notable brain-capacities inherited from the father4 ,capacities inherent in them previously1 but long inhibited in action by the normal female brain-,recessiveness4 ,,vii ,every higher evolutionary differentiation results inevitably not only in progressive mutations in the traits of species1 but1 as well1 in variations of the reproductive processes of such4 ,when defects1 physical or mental1 are not reproduced in later generations true to ,mendelian law1 however1 this is not abnormal1 but is beautifully normal4 ,normality requires that defect--which is a deviation from ,the ,normal--shall not be transmitted in any ratio whatsoever1 but shall be corrected in a succeeding generation4 ,moreover1 when we realise the number and the complexities of human traits1 all struggling to keep ,the ,law1 it is only to be expected that any single characteristic owing to its sex-inherence1 may pass into the potential or ,recessive1 mode1 and may thus vanish for a generation4 ,further1 by the law of compensation1 any trait or determinant1 although itself ,dominant1 may be dwarfed and submerged by some other ,dominant trait more assertive than itself4 ,suppose a father normally larger and stronger than the normally shorter and weaker mother3 ,stature and strength being both ,dominant and masculine traits1 the traits of such a father1 dominating the development of his sons1 should so over-ride the traits of lesser strength and stature of the mother 7in whom strength and stature are normally ,recessive7 that his sons will be tall and broad and strong1 and mentally virile4 ,on the other hand1 the mother's traits1 prepotent in the development of daughters1 will inhibit in these and diminish the strength and stature of their paternal inherences4 ,thus1 the woman of pure ,recessive 7the essential woman7 type is smaller1 more delicately organised1 and weaker than the male4 ,by such means1 the normal of the relative strength1 stature1 and mental qualifications of the sexes is preserved2 the specialised characteristics of both ever further diverging in trend1 while at the same time intensifying their intrinsic attributes4 ,suppose1 however1 a mother who deviates from the normal in having developed along masculine lines1 and who is1 accordingly1 tall or strong or mentally virile3 ,far from supplementing1 in her sons1 the father's traits of strength and stature1 her sons will be more or less emasculate in mind or body1 or in both4 ,strength and stature and virile mentality not being normal to her1 these can only have emerged in her and can only have been exercised by her at cost of the masculine potential she bore in trust for male offspring4 ,a woman who wins golf or hockey-matches may be said therefore to energise her muscles with the potential manhood of possible sons4 ,with their potential existence indeed1 since over-strenuous pursuits may sterilise women absolutely as regards male offspring4 ,thus it is that muscular and otherwise masculine women produce weakling males4 7,giant women--female-,dominants--are incapable of reproduction47 ,tall mothers may produce tall sons1 by transmitting to them the single trait of tallness of the maternal grandfather4 ,but since tallness in woman is development along masculine lines1 and detracts from her maternal power1 the tall son in such case is likely to be defective in other manly traits4 ,men are of greater height than women1 mainly in consequence of greater length of leg4 ,the power expended in the male in length of limb is absorbed in the female into complex pelvic developments1 wherein it is stored as ,reproductive potential4 ,the power thus stored in latency reveals itself in the amazing evolution1 as regards capacity and muscular equipment1 by way of which the maternal uterus so develops during pregnancy as to enable it to cradle an infant of #i or #aj lbs4 weight1 and to deliver this by output of immense energy--a marvel of biological function and mechanism4 ,since the male trait of ,tallness may be transmitted by woman from her father to her son1 without manifesting in herself1 it is obviously waste of power for her to develop a characteristic she needs neither for personal nor for hereditary purposes4 ,whereas1 by further evolving her own woman-traits of suppleness and grace1 she contributes new factors to those of the male4 ,and so with all the other sex-characteristics4 ,mr4 ,horace ,g4 ,regnart1 ,m4,a41 the well-known breeder of pedigree stock1 states that a bull of marked masculine characteristics sires daughters of marked feminine characteristics4 ,while the feminine cow bears sons of strongly masculine type4 ,on the other hand1 the daughters of a steery bull 7a bull of de-sexed type7 are themselves defective in female characteristics1 and bear sons defective in male characteristics4 ,,viii ,clearly and fully defined1 accordingly1 as ,sex-characteristics are in proportion as the individual is of high and normal organisation1 obtrusions in the one sex of the traits of the other are as much stigmata of abnormality as are cleft-palate1 webbed feet1 or other deviations from the normal4 ,because they are reversions to lower types of organisation in which sex was less highly differentiated than is the normal of to-day4 ,although1 with progressive evolution1 the ,sex-traits are spun ever finer and finer1 and are ever more subtly and inextricably interwoven with those of the other1 normally the threads run true and distinct as do the threads of warp and woof in textile fabric4 ,the ever finer spinning of the threads secures an ever closer1 subtler interweaving4 ,whereby the fabric of human organisation1 of character and ,faculty1 becomes ever firmer yet more supple1 ever stronger yet more delicate1 ever more intense and rich of colour1 but nevertheless more beautifully harmonised and subtilised by half-tones and complex gradations4 ,this is the reason why the strongest and most virile men are the most humane2 the sternest are most tender2 the greatest are most subtle4 ,so inextricably interwoven with their virile characteristics are the finer spun ,woman-potencies1 as strangely and exquisitely to temper and sensitise their ,manhood's powers4 ,and it is why the tenderest1 most womanly women are the noblest2 the gentlest are the most enduring2 the wisest are the sweetest4 ,but no more than ,black can be ,white1 ,acid1 ,alkaline1 or the ,straight line a ,circle1 can ,repose be ,action1 ,sternness be ,sweetness1 ,firmness be ,softness1 ,fierceness be ,gentleness2 ,assertiveness1 ,selflessness2 ,boldness1 ,modesty4 ,nevertheless1 in the hybrid unfoldment of ,contrasting traits1 ,softness tempering ,fierceness transforms it to ,strength2 ,sweetness tempering ,sternness melts it to ,mercy2 ,assertiveness reinforcing ,selflessness nerves it to ,devotion2 ,firmness preserves ,softness from lapsing to ,weakness2 ,altruism1 inspiring ,chivalry1 transfigures it to ,heroism4 ,but that ,fierceness and ,strength1 ,sweetness and ,selflessness1 have only intensified as1 with further evolution1 they have extended further into ,life and ,consciousness1 is shown when they tear themselves asunder from their counterpoising attributes4 ,fierceness is seen then to be more fierce in complex man--because fierce in so many more and deeper issues of ,life and ,consciousness--than is the fierceness of the gorilla1 which manifests largely in muscular savagery2 champing of jaws1 and beating on its breast as on a drum4 ,so too1 the emotion of complex woman is more deeply rooted in her1 and is more intense1 than is the instinctive emotionalism of the savage woman which expresses itself mainly in reflex movements and hysterical outcries4 99 99 99 99 99 ,thus down the ages1 man1 by way of ,fatherhood1 has endowed woman ever further with his developing traits of strength and intelligence4 ,woman1 by way of ,motherhood1 has endowed man with an ever fuller heritage of her attributes of selflessness and intuition4 ,so these poor souls--the ,man and the ,woman in all men and women--have climbed the steep ascent together1 hand in hand1 toward the ,light4 ,without the other1 neither could have come4 ,so tragically drear and solitary would have been the pilgrimage1 save for the spiritual converse of that mystical comrade4 ,only by way of this psychical comradeship1 which solaces the one sex by the inspiration of the other1 do men and women win through the terrestrial travail of the human destiny4 ,the mystical ,man 7who is her father in her7 when woman would falter and fail in the fight1 whispers1 ,courage1 dear ,girl1 go on6 ,the mystical ,woman 7who is his mother in him7 goes with her son into the murk and struggle of temptation1 holding her lamp of ,the ,good and ,the ,true and ,the ,beautiful before his blinding eyes4 ,,footnote3 #a ,owing to an interchange of nervous strands1 the right half of the brain controls the left half of the body2 and the converse4 ,structural details which need not be considered here1 but which have clearly for purpose the closer and more complex association and co-ordination of the ,contrasting ,traits of the two sides of the body4 ,,chapter ,v ,,masculine ,,mothers ,,produce ,,emasculate ,,sons ,,by ,,misappropriating ,,the ,,life-,,potential ,,of ,,male ,,offspring ,the truth1 when it is discovered1 is what every one has known4 ,i ,mendel found that the hybrid plants resulting from his cross-breedings of ,dominants with ,recessives produced1 when mated with similar hybrids1 sex-cells of pure ,dominant and sex-cells of pure ,recessive types1 and1 moreover1 a proportion of sex-cells of mixed type1 corresponding to the grey rabbit-offspring of a black rabbit that has mated with a white4 ,so too1 are found among humans1 four types of men and women such as might be expected under my application of ,mendelian doctrine3 ,homozygotes for ,traits1 or pure typical men and women--,dominant males and ,recessive females1 respectively2 and ,heterozygotes for ,traits1 or mixed types--,dominant females and ,recessive males4 ,of the pure ,masculine type1 are men who are wholly male in body1 mind and bent2 active1 energetic1 enterprising2 pioneers of material progress2 ,state-builders1 city-builders1 trade-builders1 financiers1 explorers1 soldiers1 men of affairs4 ,of the ,mixed type1 are men who1 while being virile of body and mind1 possess nevertheless a greater admixture of womanly quality than is strictly normal4 ,these are the artists1 poets1 writers1 doctors1 priests1 philanthropists4 ,among women also1 are two kindred orders2 the wholly womanly--pure unalloyed types of natural woman1 wife and mother1 sister1 friend2 and women who1 while being wholly womanly too in attribute and trend1 possess1 nevertheless1 underlying manly faculties which give broader scope and effectiveness to abstract and impersonal issues of their own sex-characteristics4 ,these are the artists and poets and writers who present the ,woman point of view4 ,they are the ,florence ,nightingales1 the ,charlotte ,brontes1 ,mary ,somervilles2 the philanthropists1 reformers1 born physicians1 teachers1 nurses1 and so forth2 whose part it is to mother1 befriend and inspire humanity at large rather than to minister to individuals4 ,whose part it is1 as well1 to extend the tender1 purifying ethics of ,woman and ,the ,home ever further and more deeply into public life1 public work1 and public administration4 ,such men and women possess the characteristics of their own sex fully differentiated1 but tinctured and fructified by more than a normal quotum of the characteristics of the other4 ,they are quite normal1 however1 and are wholly invaluable in their contribution to the world's affairs4 ,admirably manly or womanly1 they bear but little likeness to the hereditarily-defective or to the artificially-manufactured species--mannish women and womanish men4 ,they deviate from the essential ,man and ,woman types by degrees of overlapping in the higher mental attributes4 ,in all the main characteristics of ,sex1 physical1 mental and functional1 they are completely men and women4 ,the abnormal mixed types are1 on the contrary1 more or less degenerate1 structurally1 functionally and mentally4 ,these persons of natural ,mixed ,types are ,nature's workers rather than the parents of her ,races4 ,the daily round is too restricted for them4 ,their abilities and bent claim wider fields4 ,the home cannot contain them4 ,it is too round to fit their angles4 ,they are hampered by its reciprocities1 stifled by its personal atmosphere1 restive beneath its obligations4 ,and not seldom they succeed in making homes as uncomfortable for others as they themselves find such4 ,these ,heterodox--of which mould ,genius is--are indispensable to spur and quicken human progress1 while adding nothing to the personal evolution of the ,human ,type4 ,they advance the standards and the ethics of ,humanity by creating ideals in ,art1 in ,literature1 in ,politics1 in ,reform and ,philanthropy4 ,but only too often they fall short1 in their own lives1 of the standards and ideals they establish for the world at large4 ,the ,advance-guard of ,faculty1 they break new ground of ,mind and ,morale for others to cultivate4 ,although they themselves frequently quarrel with life1 they make life in general greater and happier for their fellows4 ,if women1 they possess much of the initiative and energy1 the intellect and chivalry of men4 ,but they apply these to womanly ends4 ,if men1 they possess much of the insight and sympathy1 the altruism and creativeness of women4 ,but they devote these to manly achievements4 ,herbert ,spencer held that ,genesis 7or reproductive power7 and ,individuation 7or ,self-development7 exist in inverse ratio4 ,which is because individuation beyond the normal can only be achieved by drawing upon the vital potential of offspring4 ,hence1 these strong individualities of ,mixed ,type--because reproductive power is diminished in them--but seldom transmit their abilities to offspring4 ,genius is frequently sterile4 ,otherwise1 its children are of inferior calibre4 ,it is in imitation1 doubtless1 of the natural ,mixed ,types--which may be described as a normal deviation from ,the ,normal--that the cult of the mannish woman is being cruelly and disastrously forced upon our latter-day girls and women2 resulting in wholly deplorable developments4 ,the woman of natural ,mixed-type is essentially womanly in aim and bent4 ,she does womanly work with virile energy and masculine mental grip4 ,but she never 7or seldom7 assumes male proclivities or adopts male habits2 crazes to wear trousers1 to ride astraddle1 to smoke1 spit1 swear1 stride1 talk slang1 or shoot living sentient creatures4 ,nor does she otherwise exchange the more highly-evolved and delicate morale and manners of woman for those of the male4 ,in ,art1 in ,literature1 in ,science2 in ,industry and ,reform1 her aims and work preserve the womanly mode and outlook4 ,,ii ,in consequence of doctrine which1 for several generations1 has trained women to develop for their own uses the masculine potential belonging to sons1 many of our present-day boys and girls are seen actually to have exchanged their natural sex-characteristics4 ,boys are born now1 puny1 neurotic1 and effeminate2 while girls are strong and male and masterful4 ,and it is precisely in the families whereof the girls are strong and male and masterful1 that the boys are weakly and effeminate2 the degenerative lapse from ,the ,normal expressing itself1 in both sexes1 in terms of abnormal characteristics of the other sex4 ,that at thirteen1 girls now-a-days are taller and heavier than boys of the same age has been established by the ,anthropometrical ,committee of the ,british ,association4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,heslop1 after carefully observing the health and the physical growth of children in fourteen elementary schools belonging to the ,stretford 7,lancashire7 ,education ,authority1 has published a striking return of his investigations4 ,the following table shows the average height and weight at this age3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,height4 ,weight4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,st4 ,matthew's ,boys #d ft4 #g-c_/d in4 #e st4 #g-c_/d lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #i in4 #e st4 #aj-c_/d lb4 ,cornbrook ,park ,boys #d ft4 #h-a_/b in4 #f st4 #j lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #aj-a_/c in4 #f st4 #e-a_/b lb4 ,st4 ,anne's ,boys #d ft4 #g in4 #e st4 #c-c_/d lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #i in4 #e st4 #aj-a_/b lb4 ,trafford ,park ,boys #d ft4 #g-c_/d in4 #e st4 #d lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #i-a_/b in4 #e st4 #h-a_/b lb4 ,gorse ,hill ,boys #d ft4 #h-a_/b in4 #e st4 #aj lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #aj in4 #e st4 #aa lb4 ,seymour ,park ,boys #d ft4 #h-b_/c in4 #e st4 #j lb4 ,girls #d ft4 #aj in4 #e st4 #aa lb4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,the most notable development among girls takes place between the eleventh and thirteenth years4 ,the opposite bias in this abnormal substitution of alien sex-traits is due presumably1 in both sexes1 to an antagonising and neutralising of the qualities normal to the one sex by emergence of those of the other4 ,thus1 the boy is puny and emasculate because his impoverished maleness is too feeble to dominate the ,female traits inherent in him1 as is normal to males4 ,the girl is big and crude and masterful because her impoverished ,womanliness is inadequate to inhibit and refine her inherent ,male traits4 ,the aims of ,feminism are being realised in unforeseen developments4 ,because in addition to extinguishing the most beautiful and inspiring order of human qualities1 this masculinising of women is burdening the ,race and deteriorating type by producing an ever-increasing number of neurotic1 emasculate men and boys4 ,,iii ,the present-day ,mortality-rate of boy-babies has become increasingly and alarmingly high4 ,the mortality-rate of males is higher always than is that of females1 because of the greater hardships and dangers of men's pursuits4 ,this is one of the reasons why1 although1 normally1 boys are born in greater number 7about #ajej to every #ajjj girls7 the female 7pre-war7 population of ,england and ,wales exceeded the male population by the huge majority of #a1bje1caa4 ,but the excess of male over female infant-mortality has greatly increased of late years4 ,in #ahfj it was only #i per cent4 ,in #aiac it had leapt to the high figure of #bc per cent4 ,and this diminishing vital power of males begins before birth even1 #ahj boys being born prematurely as compared with #ade girls4 ,of boys born1 #g die from inborn physical defects1 as compared with #f girls4 ,while1 before the age of three months1 #d boys die to every #c girls4 ,among #ajjj infants dying before they are a year old1 only #if are girls1 as compared with #abj boys4 ,recent statistics show that in rural ,westmoreland1 #dh boys under a year old died1 while only #ba girls of the same age succumbed4 ,in ,wiltshire1 the ratio was #ace boys to #gh girls4 ,to quote from a writer on these startling statistics of the ,registrar-,general3-- ,tuberculous diseases1 convulsions1 intestinal troubles1 bronchitis and pneumonia1 and other maladies1 all kill more boy than girl-infants in their first year4 ,the figures are surprising4 ,omitting fractions1 we find that among #ajjj infants of each sex #ba boys die of intestinal troubles to #ag girls2 #aj boys die of convulsions to #h girls2 #ba boys die from bronchitis and pneumonia to #ag girls2 and #ad boys from other causes to #aa girls4 ,whooping-cough stands alone1 carrying off #c4ae girls to #b4fe boys4 ,even when chloroform or ether is given for the purposes of an operation it kills more boys than girls4 ,it may be objected that1 according to my view1 the mortality of girls1 bred of constitutionally impoverished males1 should likewise have increased4 ,but this high mortality among boy-infants and children must so weed out the weakliest males that many of these do not live to become fathers4 ,moreover1 by developing into abnormal dominance the male potential in her1 the mother de-vitalises sons more than she de-vitalises daughters4 ,further1 these crude hoyden-sisters of the weakly boys fail rather in the higher attributes of ,sex than in mere survival-power4 ,they survive1 but they are marred in type by the stigmata of sex-immaturity or abnormality4 ,increasing sex-impoverishment is bringing into vogue--almost as a matter of routine--the performance on male infants of an unnatural 7and a degenerative7 ,jewish rite4 ,,iv ,of the many theories advanced to explain the determination of ,sex in offspring1 the true one is1 undoubtedly1 the relative parental power of the respective parents4 ,normally1 this being well-balanced1 the ratio of the sexes is about equal2 the preponderance being on the male side1 however1 owing to the maternal parental potential being normally greater1 because conserved by reason of her less onerous role in life4 ,when parental potential is relatively greater in the father1 female offspring is born4 ,when greater in the mother1 male offspring results4 ,in the families of men notably virile1 daughters preponderate4 ,in those of women notably womanly1 sons are in the majority4 7,presuming in such case the parent of the other sex to be of average potence47 ,the preponderance of male-births during ,war-conditions is due to the fact that by far the greater stress of these conditions1 with consequent depletion of vital reserves1 falls upon the males4 ,hence the women--who although depleted likewise by the increased demands upon them1 are less vitally exhausted than the men are--become relatively prepotent in parental potential4 ,the more virile men being absent on military duty1 moreover1 the less virile members of the sex it is who preponderate in the paternal role4 ,other parental factors1 as of age1 health and circumstance1 which affect the sex of offspring1 do so indirectly by their effects upon the relative vital and parental potential of mother and father4 ,in corroboration of the view that power conserved in the mother engenders ,maleness and masculine vigour in offspring1 ,i have received the following letter from the ,head-mistress of the village-school of ,corley3 ,i was much interested in your article re ,boy-babies4 ,i think my school here is unique1 there being #hf children on the roll1 of whom #eg are boys and #bi1 girls4 ,and of the children in the village who will be of age for admission this year1 #g are boys and #c1 girls4 ,in the village there are several families composed of boys only4 ,one family has #g boys and #b girls4 #f #j ,two families have #e #a girl each4 #d #a ,of one family reckoning #f boys 7#a dead2 making #g in all7 the mother has but one leg--the other having been amputated when she was fourteen4#b ,none of the mothers here 7so for as ,i can learn7 do work outside their homes2 except in odd cases1 an odd day's washing or cleaning4 ,none do regular work on farms1 or otherwise4 ,all the children are well-fed1 clean and well clothed4 ,our ,medical ,nurse says she finds the finest babies here--of the whole of her district4 ,for #eg years the yearly returns in ,school have shown a great preponderance of boys over girls4 ,the writer contrasts this ,utopian order of things with her experience of the rickety and otherwise diseased and defective states of school-children whose mothers were employed in factories4 ,v ,it would seem that the embryological development of the male brain and nervous system1 it is which demands more of vital expenditure on the part of the mother than does that of the female brain2 less elaborately differentiated as is this in respect of concrete intellection and physical adaptation4 ,for this reason1 not only is more constitutional vitality on the mother's part required for the production of sons--and more particularly of virile sons--but the production of male offspring entails more stress1 and exacts a greater toll1 physical and psychical1 than does the ante-natal nurture of the female embryo4 ,mothers who have borne female children with but little constitutional strain or suffering may be greatly debilitated1 even invalided1 during pregnancy with male offspring4 ,one finds women permanently weakened in constitution and function1 indeed1 from the strain of producing a male4 ,in such cases1 the male may be exceptional of type4 ,or the mother may be of exceptionally low vitality4 ,it has been argued that defect and degeneracy1 as hare-lip1 cleft-palate1 clubbed or webbed-foot1 are more common in the male because he is normally less highly-developed than the female is4 ,the contrary is obviously the case4 ,in creating a difficult and a simpler thing1 there will necessarily be more failures in the difficult than in the simpler product4 ,being nearer to ,nature1 the female is usually more true to the normal type of species4 ,but the type is not so fully differentiated1 or specialised in relation to environment1 as is the male4 ,it is significant that the female aphis1 when its vital potential is stimulated by summer heat1 is able to breed without co-operation of the male1 but breeds females only4 ,supporting not only the view that the female is the rootstock of species1 while the male is1 so to speak1 an alien grafted upon it1 but indicating too1 that the production of females represents less output of reproductive energy1 since one sex alone is able to accomplish this4 ,,vi ,absence both of womanly emotion and of spiritual attribute disqualifies the faces of the greater number of our modern beauties from being truly beautiful4 ,they lack those last exquisite touches which psychical qualities bestow2 sweetness1 tenderness1 gaiety1 pensiveness1 mystery1 mockery1 witchery1 wistfulness1 surrender1 resistance1 maidenhood1 motherhood--the celestial and the terrestrial melting into one another like the colours of the rainbow4 ,since evolution is advancing in some stock1 modern beauty is1 no doubt1 of higher calibre than has been attained in any previous epoch4 ,but for the most part1 the faces of our handsome women are pre-eminently pagan--bold1 sophisticated1 clever2 without sweetness1 softness1 imagination1 sensitiveness--in a word1 without ,soul4 ,the outlines1 howsoever fine1 are hard and antipathetic in their uncompromising firmness4 ,the eyes are cold and critical and challenging1 so that their relentless gaze is sometimes rather of the nature of a blow than it is a sympathy4 ,owing to that setting of the jaw which attends strong muscular action1 the shaping bones of the faces of developing girls thicken and coarsen1 and the naturally delicate1 beautiful contours of chin and of cheek deteriorate to the crude and heavy lower jaws characteristic of a very large order of the sex to-day4 ,the weak receding1 or the sharply-pointed chin of the over-feminised type--both early-,victorian and modern--errs in the other direction4 ,to give fine balance to the face and form--as to the mind--the ,male traits must be duly represented4 ,these broaden and strengthen the curves1 and preserve them from lapsing to narrowness and feebleness2 lending touches of straightness and firmness which nobly enhance the graces4 ,in excess1 they mar and deface1 however2 as is exemplified in the strong and slovenly features1 without drawing or delicacy1 which characterise the new type of girl being turned out by our schools and colleges1 most of which make now-a-days a speciality of sports4 ,similar heavy jaws and blunt1 amorphous features are replacing in our working-girls1 de-sexed by masculine employments1 the classic1 nobly-modelled lineaments which made our ,anglo-,saxon ,race once the most beautiful1 as it was the most vigorous and enterprising1 of the nations4 ,such faces may be deplorably senseless for the sense--and lack of sensibility--in them4 ,the facial type of the opposite extreme is ultra-feminine--a cameo-like reversion to an earlier ,victorian physiognomy1 to which several generations of mothers have failed to add any new quality4 ,but1 unlike its ,victorian prototype1 the modern ultra-feminine face lacks blood and emotion1 and shows like a faded attenuation thereof4 ,the cold1 delicate features1 with the pinched nostrils which1 owing to adenoid obstruction1 have never expanded to a full1 inspiring breath of ,life1 suggest further cameo-comparison2 as being the daintily-carven shell of an extinct creature4 ,so devitalised and neurasthenic are many of our pretty young girls1 that their flowerlike faces1 topping over-tall and undeveloped bodies1 suggest delicate blossoms crowning long attenuated1 sapless stems4 ,neither faces nor bodies are vitalised and athrill with powers rooted in healthful organs2 vivified by healthful functions1 and instinct with warm1 iron-rich1 magnetic blood4 ,they show that making for beauty which is inherent in the ,woman-traits1 but which1 in latter-day girls1 owing to defective constitutional vigour or to educational1 social or industrial exhaustion1 has been able to realise itself only in sickly and weed-like development4 ,life manifests in these neurotics in the form of vivacities merely2 not as vitalities4 ,severed from their natural roots in ,life and vital function1 they resemble nothing more than charming cut-blossoms gracefully fading on drawing-room shelves4 ,the truth is that girls brought up on modern strenuous methods skip the years between #af and #bf4 ,if young and fresh at #af1 all at once we find them #bf in constitution and in temperament--a little lean1 a little lined1 a little wan1 a little shrill1 a little chill1 and only too often more than a little disillusioned and cynical--in a word already passees4 ,some are1 of course1 an interesting and attractive #bf1 but the fresh1 warm1 vital and beautiful years from #ag to #bg1 the years of a natural woman's most charming bloom of mind and body1 have dropped from their lives1 like petals from roses4 ,so that our girls in their 'teens require to hide the ravages of time by every sort of artifice4 ,and at #bf in years1 they are approaching the forties in constitution and temperament2 are even keen on politics1 cards1 finance--resorts1 pre-eminently1 of materialistic middle-age4 ,this blighting of young womanhood1 with loss of youthful bloom and responsiveness1 it is that has led to the decadent and demoralising vogue of the ,flapper4 ,since1 beyond all things1 men seek vital youth and freshness in the other sex1 to find it now-a-days1 they must seek it in children4 ,,vii ,deplorable are the degenerative processes by way of which those noble natural characteristics of the ,woman-sex which ,nature has achieved by ages of evolutionary advance may be observed to lapse1 and are presently all but obliterated from the woman form and face4 ,increasingly the curves straighten2 the conflict between straight lines and curves occasioning wrinkles4 ,the jaw squares4 ,the lips lose womanly fullness1 sweetness1 and their natural colour and texture of rose-leaves2 becoming thin and pale and stern4 ,shadows gather round them1 foreshadowing1 it may be1 a masculine growth of hair4 ,hair loses lustre and grows sparse1 particularly above the brows4 ,the chin loses its feminine softness2 rigidity and grimness being substituted4 ,eyes lose fullness1 tenderness1 brilliance1 and woman's normal melting expression4 ,the glance grows chill1 hard1 shrewd1 direct4 ,crowsfeet mar the modelled lids4 ,the serene1 inspiring woman-brows are furrowed by the permanent frown of eye-strain or of nervous tension4 ,the voice falls flat and metallic1 or drops into gruffness and harshness2 losing its delicate tuneful inflections1 its sympathetic timbre1 its joyous quality4 ,the cheeks hollow2 the white temples are wrecked4 ,in the faces of women whose systems are functioning healthfully1 a number of exquisite artistries in cellular texture of skin and in tinting appear2 the skin beneath the eyes differing from that of the cheeks1 that of the brows differing from that of the chin1 that above the mouth from that below1 and so forth4 ,in women subjected to constitutional strain1 all these exquisite artistic differentiations--product of incalculable evolutionary developments--are obliterated2 the skin over the whole face becoming of the same grain and hue1 as is normal to the male4 ,the body becomes spare and sinewy1 or set and spread2 its movements heavy and abrupt4 ,and more and more the hidden male emerges from the wreckage4 ,the male right arm1 swinging like a pendulum1 suggests itself as being the motive-power of the ungraceful mechanism4 ,with the increasing maleness of physique1 male mental proclivities develop2 obsessions to wear trousers1 to smoke1 to stride1 to kill1 and otherwise to indulge the masculine bent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it may be objected that ,beauty takes too high a place in the counsels of this book4 ,beauty is ,normality1 however4 ,nature1 in her every aim and handiwork1 makes beyond every other thing for grace4 ,weed and moth1 shell and beetle1 humming-bird and dragon-fly--all are lovely in technique and artistry4 ,plainness and uncouthness in humans only too often belie noble mind or disposition4 ,this results1 however1 from such failure of vital resources that the individual had fine material only to equip his mind1 and none left over to adorn his body4 ,one sees the converse too1 where all the available potential of beauty has been lavished on handsome exteriors4 ,plainness is a mark of abnormality4 ,the victim may be normal in other respects4 ,but in this1 he or she is abnormal4 ,and more particularly she--since ,woman is both medium and ,creatrix of living harmony and grace4 ,so is comeliness declining1 however1 that one of the specifications of a recent ,baby-,competition was that beauty would not be a necessary qualification4 ,yet ,beauty is the natural birthright and ,the ,normal of all babes and children4 ,,viii ,the ,male cult is impressed now at the earliest age4 ,some of our hapless little girls1 in consequence of having been subjected early to strain of masculine drill1 hockey1 cricket and other rough and strenuous exertions1 are more like colts or smaller-sized bullocks in their crude conformation and ungainly movements1 as also in their crude mentality and manners1 than they are like charming human maids4 ,few developments in life are prettier or more engaging than is a natural little girl4 ,the sex of her1 with its fair ,woman-attributes1 reveals itself early in children of high organisation4 ,crowned by her curls1 in her simple white frock1 she is as fresh and dainty1 as winsome and elusive as a fairy4 ,her little ,woman-soul begins to make for beauty ere ever she can walk4 ,ere ever she can walk1 she moves her limbs in rhythm of the dance4 ,she tries to sing4 ,she stretches out a tiny finger and reverently touches a bright colour--a blue ribbon1 a gold button1 a pink flower on a chintz4 ,set her in a field1 she runs to cram her hands with daisies4 ,she fills1 within the ,house of ,life1 an exquisite small niche that nothing else can fill4 ,yet now they are cropping her fair curls1 are exchanging her white frock for masculine knickers4 ,they are training her soft limbs and exquisite elastic movements to the hard and rigid action of the soldiers' drill and march2 are teaching her to stride her pony that once she sat as prettily and lightly as a bird2 are making a hard1 boisterous tom-boy of her1 with lusty1 hairy limbs and uncouth manners2 perverting all her natural highly-differentiated delicate attributes and graces to clumsy lower-grade form and activities4 ,they have robbed her of her ,doll1 whose helplessness and wax perfection fostered sentiments of worship1 tenderness and ministry in her4 ,they have given her a whipping-top1 which--unlike the boy1 who pleasures in the skill and mechanism of its handling--she lashes with contorted features and neurotic spitefulness4 ,with characteristic scorn of physical disability1 ,feminism contemns old age as disease or degeneracy--a weakness to be combated with latter-day strenuousness1 cloaked by a counterfeit youthfulness1 forced exertions 7even games67 simulated youthful zests and gaieties4 ,beyond all things1 women are exhorted not to allow themselves to grow old as their grandmothers did1 sitting1 comely and tranquil and wise1 at their quiet firesides4 ,yet the truth is1 ,age is a natural beautiful phase2 in its way1 as natural1 as healthful and as beautiful as are any of the younger seasons4 ,calm and stately as the snows of ,nature's winter1 as ,nature's winter shows us1 old age does not presage death--because there is no ,death4 ,that we call ,death is but a temporary ,recession from the ,outer and ,terrestrial to the ,inner and ,celestial zone of ,being4 ,and with the vital quietude and longer-sightedness of eyes1 come spiritual quickening and longer-sightedness of mental view4 ,so that both eyes and mind perceive ,the ,outer more and more obscurely1 focusing more and more on ,the ,remote4 ,the stream of life runs stilly for the reason that it runs more deep2 centring again to that ,within and ,spiritual1 whence it issued in ,birth1 and will issue again in re-,birth4 ,compare such serene-faced1 dignified age1 cause to all of reverence and tenderness1 for the mystery and pathos of its wise and tranquil resignation--,compare such with the restless1 harried1 malcontent old age of modern counsels6 ,,ix ,before the advent of that admirable institution1 the ,eugenics ,education ,society1 for the establishment of a new ,science of ,heredity1 as1 too1 of a new propaganda of ,race-,culture1 vital and illuminating data1 not only of supreme scientific interest but1 moreover1 of the greatest practical significance1 passed1 for the most part1 unnoted4 ,i venture to believe1 however1 that ,eugenic propaganda has been too much in the direction of eliminating defect from the ,race by prohibiting marriage to the so-called ,unfit4 ,whereas the true way of ,racial health1 of normality and excellence1 is1 surely1 to eliminate from life the many conditions1 material1 economic1 and personal1 which make for ,unfitness--which preclude1 indeed1 the survival of little save ,unfitness4 ,for since we are not in the secret of ,nature's aims1 and are wholly in the dark as to the human type for which she is aiming1 to prohibit parenthood to any but the flagrantly abnormal1 the insane and imbecile1 the epileptic and the hopelessly-diseased1 might be to quench the evolution of such higher ,fitness as we are not qualified to foresee4 ,that which shows like disability in one age may be the incipient ability of a later4 ,in cruder1 primitive days1 when standards of ,fitness were physical strength1 rapacity and cunning1 honesty and mercy1 and more delicate organisation of body--the starting-points of new routes of evolutionary development--would have been condemned as worthy only of extermination4 ,in sickly and declining stock there may exist1 moreover1 an ebbing vein of rare faculty1 which1 re-vitalised by a due potential of maternal re-creative power1 might come to throb with genius4 ,realising all the factors--the innumerable lives1 the incalculable personal traits1 endeavours and experiences1 that have gone to make the ,individualism of any strain of stock1 and realising that just these factors of ,individualism can have occurred in one line only of human ascent and can never be repeated1 it becomes clear that summarily to extinguish any human strain1 by arbitrary prohibition1 would be to exterminate a unique branch of the great ,life-tree1 and thereby to deprive the ,race of a specialised route of further ascent2 a route which no other stock could supply4 ,the fact that great families1 with great histories and talents behind them1 fall into decadence shows that even in decadent stock are inherences of greatness which might be recruited to greatness again4 ,while apart from all this1 the right of ,parenthood1 with the evolutionary impulse to character and faculty consequent upon the exercise of parental functions1 is the birthright of every individual capable of fulfilling such4 ,the counsel of ,selective ,parenthood is dangerous doctrine1 indeed4 ,given ,life1 ,nature by her methods of ,disease is able to eliminate stock too deteriorate for1 or beside her purpose4 ,but she alone knows her purpose4 ,and she alone can judge as to what is intrinsic ,fitness for ,survival4 ,selective ,parenthood makes1 moreover1 for the elimination of those valuable object-lessons of inherited defect and disease1 whereby ,nature points her inestimable morals of healthy and disciplined living4 ,for evasion1 too1 of those penalties and burdens in the care and maintenance of the ,unfit1 which a nation justly incurs by such social wrongs and maladministrations as are largely responsible for disease and defect4 ,the doctrine of operative sterilisation is not only humanly repugnant but1 in view of the psychological import of every physical function1 it is essentially evil4 ,x ,some momentous morals of the ,feminist trend are pointed by the ,insect-world1 which may be regarded as a devolutionary back-water1 wherein ,life is slowly ebbing toward extinction by fluctuating out in ever smaller1 meaner1 drabber1 ineffective1 pulseless and spectral existences--chill and teeming myriads unwarmed by the throb of emotion1 unillumined by the light of ,mind4 ,dust which1 raised from dust by power of ,life1 has caught the trick of living1 and goes on living and perpetuating1 without cause or impulse other than age-old1 time-worn mechanistic habit imparted by the state of living4 ,and in this phantom under-world of ,decadence1 cast by the shadow of ,life and peopled with distorted images thereof1 the females are ,dominant--larger in size1 stronger1 more active1 more enterprising and ferocious than the males4 ,as in the world of ,vegetation1 by way whereof ,matter first quickened into ,life1 so in this realm of ,insectivorae by way of which ,life is gravitating back to the inertia of ,inorganic ,matter1 in ever shallower1 denser and more sluggish strata1 the male is seen as appanage and victim of the female4 ,in the beehive1 he appears as ineffective drone amid a throng of strenuous neuter female-workers4 ,and a female is his ,queen4 ,significant again is it that insect-females are seen increasingly to have emancipated themselves from mother-instincts and maternal functions1 as regards nurture or affection for their young4 ,the single process wherein the warring males and snarling females of finer fierce1 evolving species sheathe their claws and mute their hates in a co-operative1 self-effacing instinct--,reproduction1 here in this disintegrating world of ,devolution1 functions without welding spark1 or lighting gleam of parent-altruism4 ,at best1 it is as chill1 as colourless and meticulously mechanical as the interminable tickings of a world of clockwork4 ,at worst1 it is a repulsive rapacity on the part of females to secure perpetuation4 ,and this secured1 they straightway sting the craven male to death1 or tear him limb from limb and ghoulishly devour him4 ,queen ,bee leads her vassal suitors so strenuous and dizzying an ante-nuptial dance1 for privilege of mating with her1 that only one survives to claim the prize2 the others dropping1 dead and dying1 in the wake of her murderous supremacy4 ,and1 as with other masculine and muscular females1 her progeny are neuter working-females 7sterile7 and emasculate males 7drones74 ,as ,feminists demand for human babes1 the ,bee-mother hands over her offspring to be brought up by the ,state4 ,while some other insect-mothers1 having reposited their eggs 7to serve as bombs that explode and devastate their living hosts7 straightway abandon them1 and return to the more strenuous and repulsive female-pursuits of this ,phantasmagoria-world--a clockwork kingdom fabricated of ,life's debris1 and drably mimicking the throb and motion of its mechanism in ghoulish mockeries and vacuous reiterations2 the while it runs down slowly1 ticking back to the molecular vibration of mineral inertia4 ,,end ,,of ,,book ,i ,,note4--,mendelian and other readers interested in the more scientific aspects of the subject are referred to an ,appendix at the end of this volume1 in which these issues are further considered and some important evidences adduced4 ,,footnote3 #b ,i have observed that lameness in women1 by restricting physical activities and thus conserving vital energy1 conduces to male offspring4 ,the fact may well have been the origin of the ,chinese custom of crippling the feet of female children4 ,in my own professional practice1 by prohibiting all strenuous and exhausting pursuits1 intellectual1 social or athletic1 before and after marriage1 ,i have succeeded in securing male offspring in patients whose stock had for generations given birth to girls only4 ,in those organically de-sexed by male pursuits1 rest will not avail1 of course4--,author4 ,,book ,,ii ,,woman',s ,,part ,,in ,,human ,,decadence ,,chapter ,i ,,decline ,,and ,,fall ,,of ,,ancient ,,civilisations ,,due ,,to ,,feminism ,this is the function of our and every age1 to grasp the knowledge already existing1 to make it our own1 and in so doing to develop it further and raise it to a higher level4 ,in thus taking it to ourselves we make it different from what it was4--,hegel4 ,i ,ancient history is depressing study4 ,it shows us peoples rising slowly and laboriously out of states of barbarism to high degrees of culture and enlightenment1 and then1 more or less suddenly1 falling upon decline2 lapsing to total extinction1 even4 ,one after another1 we may watch them climb the ,evolutionary ,hill1 then slacken pace and struggle on spasmodically4 ,till presently we find them steadily losing ground2 slowly at first1 but1 gathering momentum1 regressing more and more rapidly1 until finally they are seen racing headlong to destruction4 ,of some among the proudest and the greatest ,civilisations1 so absolute has been their ultimate extinction that nothing more than ruined temples and some statuary remain to mark their quondam glory4 ,biologists tell us this is natural4 ,races1 they say--like individuals--have only a certain life-tenure4 ,they are born1 develop1 attain maturity1 lapse to old age and then die2 just as men do4 ,the analogy is not sound1 however4 ,because although individual men die1 the stock they leave behind1 if duly preserved and replenished by fresh blood1 may live indefinitely4 ,moreover1 such records as remain show that these past civilisations died1 obviously1 not of natural old age--but of disease4 ,natural old age is sane and wise1 and self-controlled2 healthful in mind and in body4 ,whereas the main features characterising the decline of these great powers1 were viciousness and licentiousness2 physical1 mental and moral corruption4 ,theirs was no passing in gradual waning of strength and quiet dissolution2 not even in senility4 ,they may be described1 on the contrary1 as having rushed helter-skelter upon death in full vigour of their prime4 ,we see in them1 indeed1 all the vehemence and self-destructive forces of sthenic disease--disease as it occurs in strong men struck down in full health4 ,they died in riot1 venality1 and lust1 and every other form of vice and evil4 ,clearly1 they died unnaturally--of disease1 not naturally of old age4 ,how and why then did this happen8 ,how and why should disease thus have stricken these in mid-career8 ,since history shows the political institutions1 the laws and the administration of many of such mighty decadents to have reached high levels of excellence1 in respect of justice and intelligence1 while ,culture1 ,art and ,industry were likewise notable among them1 the causes of their downfall must be looked for elsewhere than in their sociology4 ,and since all human processes1 sociological as well as natural1 have their roots in ,biology1 we are led to examine such records as remain1 for evidences of biological failure4 ,healthy and vigorous races do not decline in consequence of unjust laws or maladministration4 ,if they are healthy and vigorous1 they reform these4 ,,ii ,investigation shows one striking feature as having been common to most of these great decadences4 ,in nearly every case1 the dominance and licence of their women were conspicuous4 ,and realising ,woman's portentous role in ,racial advance1 it is difficult to believe anything but that her role must be equally potent in ,racial decline4 ,a nation becomes decadent because the individuals composing it have become decadent4 ,the individuals composing it can only have become progressively decadent by progressive hereditary decadences4 ,and since ,woman is the racial reservoir and the ,agency of ,evolution1 hereditary decline of individuals and nations must have its source in a decline of mother-power4 ,history confirms this view4 ,it shows the progress and waxing supremacy of these great powers to have been concurrent with rising levels of womanly character and virtue1 with high regard for woman by man1 with high estimation and observance by woman of the functions of motherhood and of ,the ,home4 ,while neglect of the home1 contempt for and evasion of the duties of motherhood1 immorality and general licence among their women characterised their downfall4 ,and comparing some modern developments with these records of ,ruin1 one can but be struck by notable resemblances between these latter and the present-day trend of all our greater civilisations4 ,in the decline of ,rome1 the ,roman women went to two extremes4 ,a tendency that shows increasingly among our modern womanhood4 ,they separated into two main orders4 ,blue-stocking and ,rake1 they were then designated4 ,mannish and ,womanish1 or ,feminist and ,ultra-,feminine1 better characterise their latter-day presentments4 ,in ,america1 these two orders of women are known as the ,college and the ,society types1 respectively4 ,the ,college type makes a cult of masculinity of body and of brain4 ,the ,society type makes a cult of feminine graces and social accomplishments4 ,in the poorer1 as in the superior classes of all nations1 similar extremes are found4 ,one order is virile and hard-working2 and for the most part plain and moral4 ,the other is womanish and pretty2 and for the most part frail4 ,with us--as with those earlier peoples--the demand for liberty and unrestricted economic opportunities for women is occasioning contempt for and evasion of the functions of wife and of mother1 emancipation from the home1 increasing absorption in public affairs1 fever for pleasure1 lapse of womanly traditions and morale4 ,all of which developments passed rapidly1 in those others1 into general laxity1 licence and corruption2 culminating finally in total ruin4 ,with them1 the claims of ,home and of ,the ,family became1 as they are becoming more and more with us1 secondary merely and subsidiary to other pursuits2 to personal ambitions1 public careers1 to pleasures1 excitements1 crazes for notoriety4 ,woman's inherent erraticism--defect of her intrinsic spontaneity1 her bent for novelty and strong sensation--degenerated1 under the licence accorded her in ancient ,rome1 into the appalling orgies of ,the ,bacchanalia2 which were instituted by the sex4 ,women attended the displays of gladiators4 ,they watched the wild beasts tear their victims4 ,they themselves dressed as gladiators1 and held mimic combats4 ,by cult of muscle1 they grew taller than the men4 ,sallust writes thus of a notorious ,roman matron3 ,sempronia had committed many crimes of a boldness worthy of a man4 ,blest alike in family and beauty1 in husband and children1 she was well-read in ,greek and ,roman literature2 could sing1 play and dance more gracefully than any honest woman need2 had many of the other accomplishments of a riotous life4 ,she cared for nothing less than for decency and modesty4 ,fifty years later1 ,seneca takes up the story of a rapid decadence3 ,the ladies do not reckon the years by the number of the ,consuls1 but by the number of their husbands4 ,much the same licence1 extravagance and viciousness of the sex characterised the greater number of those other old-world wreckages4 ,the higher ,woman-attributes ceased to evolve2 ceased to be exercised2 ceased to inspire4 ,women cultivated solely1 or pre-eminently1 the male-side of their natures2 muscle1 intellect1 ambition1 concrete activities1 indulgence of sex-instincts4 ,by power of which masculine and alien proclivities1 they increasingly dominated the men1 in whom the virile traits had proportionally declined4 ,thus1 more and more1 the purifying1 uplifting and inspiring potence of true ,womanhood1 together with the softening refinements of ,the ,home1 became ever further withdrawn from the national life4 ,thus corruption undermined2 and chaos finally engulfed4 ,,iii ,things were different in ,ancient ,greece4 ,it has been said that ,greece fell because she did not give her women liberty4 ,for a time comes1 in the development of every nation1 when its women must be freed4 ,or decadence sets in inevitably4 ,and some of those old civilisations declined1 undoubtedly1 from lack of progress in this respect4 ,it would seem that the first sips of liberty require to be administered to the sex with caution1 however2 the effects observed carefully1 the doses increased warily4 ,otherwise1 impulsive and impressionable as they are1 women lose their heads2 become intoxicated1 and get out of hand4 ,and once women get out of hand1 it is next to impossible to bring them again under control 7as was seen in the outbreaks of ,feminist militancy74 ,civilisation forbids that men shall deal with them as with masculine rebels4 ,and fenced thus behind the privileges of their own sex1 when armed with the prerogatives of the other1 they may prove dangerously difficult customers4 ,in ancient ,greece1 the wives and mothers and the other reputable women had but little or no freedom4 ,they lived1 for the most part1 in seclusion2 dull and unintelligent and uneventful lives4 ,there was no pure1 wholesome1 and inspiring social life4 ,the only women who were free were the hetairai1 those famous ladies who shed a lurid brilliance over the corruption and decline of this great ,state--a decline wherewith they had1 most certainly1 much to do4 ,a faction apart from the wives and mothers--although many among them were courtesans1 they stood apart too from the courtesan class4 ,women who had found in the unfreed state of the wife and mother of their epoch1 inadequate scope for their impulses and talents1 they broke away from domestic conditions1 to form a coterie of free lances--a cultured1 brilliant and alluring band of renegades1 sought and esteemed for their beauty and intelligence by all men2 aristocrat1 philosopher1 and pleasure-seeker4 ,more likely than that ,greece fell because she did not emancipate her women1 it is that she fell because the women who emancipated themselves abandoned the roles of wife1 of mother1 and other reputable functions4 ,for these ,grecian hetairai comprised1 in the main1 the flower of their generation4 ,one sees them1 indeed1 as brilliant ,racial poison-blossoms1 greedily appropriating and exploiting to their own purposes the nation's beauty and the nation's talent1 its aspirations1 potence1 passion--without transmitting any of these racial attainments to a later generation4 ,in place of endowing their kind with such nobler light and faculty1 inspiration and sweetness1 as supply a people's evolutionary impulse1 they abandoned the home and the sacred and spiritualising functions of true wifehood1 and of the motherhood of such higher living types as are indispensable to lead a nation's progress4 ,a kindred movement--modified1 for the present1 by the more enlightened traditions of our ,century--is foreshadowing itself across the higher civilisations of our day4 ,more and more1 our better types of women 7the misinterpretations of the ,feminist ,movement having imparted a distorted bias and direction to their powers7 are similarly abandoning the ,home1 or are withdrawing their best interests and talents from it2 are evading wholly1 or are gravely restricting their maternal obligations to the ,race2 regarding children as bye-products1 merely1 of life--vastly less important than some hobby or career4 ,in place of realising the new generation as the ,vanguard of ,life and ,evolution2 that which beyond every other human achievement counts in the ,universe4 ,worse than this even1 more and more1 everywhere1 women are failing in the maternal power of transmitting to offspring the health1 the beauty1 the abilities and aspirations which are the model and ideals of our age4 ,,iv ,a menace to the ,race more alarming than that of the hard and mannish woman 7who1 because of her lack of womanly attractiveness1 is debarred1 in considerable degree1 from marriage7 is another and less ungraciously obvious deviation from ,the ,normal--an order of the sex1 modern and artificial1 and rapidly increasing in number1 over-civilised and highly-feminised both of physique and of temperament1 which may be described as an ,ultra-,feminine1 or1 in contradistinction to the ,feminist1 as a ,feminist order4 ,their womanhood but lightly rooted in neurotic systems1 the women of this sect are unstable and erratic1 seeking distraction for their restless1 ill-balanced forces1 in cards1 crazes1 drugs2 fads and freaks4 ,unfitted for wifehood and motherhood--some by faulty heredity1 but a far greater number by educational strain and consequent warp--some of these ultra-feminised and frequently interesting creatures absorb themselves feverishly in public movements2 religious1 social or political4 ,some are persons of irreproachable morale and ideals2 devoted1 gifted1 wholly admirable4 ,and being wives not seldom of men as talented1 it is deplorable that warp of culture1 unfitting them for motherhood1 should have left such to waste their powers and aspirations in beating the thin air merely of ,utopian propaganda4 ,when1 otherwise1 they might have led the true and only way of ,progress by endowing the ,race with living presentments and evolving treasuries of the parental ideals and endowments4 ,the greater her charm1 the nobler her character and talent1 the more the pity is when woman is defective in the power to transmit her high qualities1 or has power to transmit these in inferior degree only2 thus sealing up for ever1 or gravely impoverishing a vital spring of living faculty and individualism--a unique line of ,human ,ascent which no other stock can supply1 and one which may have been leading up to the production of genius such as the world has not yet known4 ,another--and quite different--sub-order of this neurotic 7and partially-sterilised7 type1 in losing its higher potential of motherhood has lost the racial instinct wherein personal virtue is rooted4 ,the lives of these are free and irregular4 ,not measures1 but men1 are their vogue2 to serve as admirers of their charm and talents1 as spectators of their temperamental extravagances4 ,incapable of the emotions of love1 they seek1 are discontented1 and seek further when they do not find in its excitements1 the joys and contentment that reside alone in deep and abiding emotions4 ,the poise and repose1 the charm1 the refreshment and the inspiration of true ,womanhood are lacking in them4 ,they demand increasing novelty and change of venue for their ill-ballasted powers and capricious sensibilities4 ,and this precisely in proportion as they are deficient in those womanly emotions and illusions which endue the least and simplest things with glamour and with beauty4 ,this type1 which can scarcely be said to live1 but merely to frolic through life1 is pre-eminently dangerous to progress4 ,because1 while possessing the psychology1 the appeal and influence of women1 some of these have cast off1 utterly1 the traditions1 the nobler aspirations and the functions of the best womanhood4 ,v ,it is universally admitted that a bad woman is far more wicked than a bad man is4 ,she is more callous1 ruthless1 wanton and debased4 ,the irresponsibility regarding concrete affairs 7innate in a sex whereof ,the ,concrete is only secondarily the province7 makes her a dangerous and a demoralising factor when her acquired male brain and activities 7for the clever1 bad woman is always of masculine bent7 over-ride her own natural aptitudes4 ,because the powers she has artificially acquired--in substitution for her native ones--do not alter her inherent constitution of a creature builded upon instincts2 instincts which her native higher qualities are alone adequate to guide and inspire4 ,one may acquire some of the characteristics of an opposite sex1 but never the morale2 which is inborn and inherent to the natural sex-characteristics4 ,faculty declines in the inverse order of its development4 ,the bloom and beauty of the peach and of the flower are the last things to come--and the first to go4 ,so1 in forfeiting her womanly qualities1 woman forfeits earliest the best of these4 ,love and purity and spiritual aspiration perish first2 with the result that the lower-grade female ,subconscious emotionalism1 instinct and palpitant with animal impulse1 comes into play4 ,man requires to degenerate to far inferior levels than is the case with woman1 before he so loses his normal rationalism as to forfeit his sense of proportion and of his responsibility with regard to material affairs1 and that stern obligation to conform to environmental conditions which has been the impelling force of male development4 ,irresponsibility is in him an acquired--and a feminine--defect2 not an inherent failing of his sex4 ,the very basis of the manly character is a recognition of the male responsibility in life's affairs4 ,it was the impulse of man's primal struggle4 ,it is the mark of his civilised manhood4 ,irresponsibility is1 on the contrary1 innate in woman4 ,it is part of that spontaneity1 plasticity1 and versatility which have engendered the racial evolutionary mutations2 and by way of these have engendered the progressive transitions to ever higher forms4 ,and indispensable as her native mutability is in making her the agency of evolutionary change1 it is an insecure and a dangerous basis for too heavy a super-structure of male characteristics1 physical or mental2 as also for too heavy a burden of male responsibilities4 ,it disqualifies her for liberty and scope of action identical with man's1 in material affairs4 ,the further we fit her1 moreover 7beyond her normal capacity71 for such affairs1 by artificially equipping her with masculine aptitudes1 the more we unfit her for her evolutionary role of spontaneous advance4 ,her chiefest values lie in the spring and the plasticity which enable her to adapt her nature to the evolutionary impulses of life inherent in her2 and thereby to engender further human evolution4 ,for this1 it is important that she shall not be moulded on those firmer and more definitely prescribed lines of masculine development which are indispensable to the pioneering of material progress4 ,nor should her powers be equally differentiated1 or similarly expended4 ,they must be left1 in far greater degree1 conserved1 unformulate and unadapted4 ,normally1 she is the child of ,nature1 in whom 7because she is the mother of the human child1 who shapes to the maternal model7 ,nature is unfolding the type of our ,perfecting ,humanity4 ,she should remain1 therefore1 more or less in the native and spontaneously fructifying state conducive to evolutionary unfoldment4 ,when she adapts as closely to concrete conditions as it is imperative for man to do1 not only does she exhaust the potential fertility indispensable to the further evolution and growth of racial faculty1 but her powers lose that mode of flux which enables them to tide to higher levels4 ,while man stands for ,civilisation1 woman stands for ,nature4 ,generatrix of ,life1 she is instinct with vital impulses4 ,and when these are not expended1 as is normal1 in the creation of and ministration to living and beloved beings1 they generate warped1 erratic and chaotic aberrations4 ,because1 no matter to what degree she may acquire masculine characteristics and aptitudes1 she remains1 at core1 a creature of instinct2 not of reason4 ,as a creature of instinct she is invaluable to life--because ,life is moulded upon instinct4 ,but instinct and rationalism function on different planes of mentality4 ,to over-develop rationalism in her is to quench emotionalism in her1 and the higher illumination of her ,supra-conscious faculties2 thus rendering her the prey of smouldering subconscious impulses which burst fitfully and mischievously into flame4 ,for ,progress1 man must be always the leading half and controller in politics and civic affairs4 ,these are his province4 ,his sex stands for permanence and conformity--and1 accordingly1 for uniformity4 ,and uniformity is the model for ,civilisation1 making as it does for justice and the common good4 ,woman's non-conformability adapts her admirably to the personal relations of life1 but not to the political4 ,man builds institutions and administers them by more or less rigid impersonal rule4 ,woman transforms them into homes1 and humanises them by individual concessions and exceptions4 ,so the two are supplement and complement in the public as in the natural sphere4 ,but their respective roles are contrary in every mode and issue4 ,man's conformity1 political and civic1 is continually leavened by the element of non-conformity and change he inherits from his mother1 with her other ,woman-traits4 ,but in him1 her spontaneity and impulse are so intelligised and stabilised by his masculine rationalism and bent for order that1 in place of operating emotionally and spasmodically1 they become tempered and restrained4 ,under his administration1 material advance proceeds slowly1 but surely and securely4 ,his masculine intelligence and sense of responsibility cause him to adjust the maternal evolutionary impulses1--which he inherits as reformatory and revolutionary impulses--to the exigencies of practicability1 and the requirements of circumstance4 ,,vi ,there is no more difficult1 or possibly mischievous1 person than a strong and clever woman whose over-developed masculine energies and abilities are controlled neither by a man's reason and sense of responsibility1 nor by a woman's natural disabilities1 affections and restraints4 ,she is sometimes prodigiously clever2 adding to her male talents a woman's fertility1 versatility1 adaptability1 complexity and intuitiveness4 ,and yet with all their gifts1 such women accomplish little but harm--alike to themselves and others4 ,erratic1 fickle1 irrepressible1 they are perpetually flying off at tangents4 ,now they are one thing too much4 ,now they are the opposite--in an equal extreme4 ,medleys of contradictions and perversities1 they are no sooner repressed in one direction1 or become fatigued by the monotony of any single line of action1 than they burst forth in some other4 ,their abnormal mentality and energy1 allied to their innate impulsiveness and craving for change1 impel them to break loose from those bonds of affection1 of tradition and of aspiration1 which are woman's safeguards4 ,there is in the nature of most women1 this dangerous quicksand of irresponsibility1 which may1 in crises1 topple and submerge the soundest structure of education and of habit builded over it4 ,this is seen in the abandon and anarchy of the sex in riots and in revolutions4 ,such women rebels become increasingly a law unto themselves1 and see no reason why all others should not do likewise4 ,they lack the masculine grip of concrete principles to recognise that general lawlessness and individual liberty cannot co-exist4 ,because where every man is free to do as he pleases1 no man is free to do as he pleases1 owing to some other man's abuse of his liberty encroaching on that of his neighbours4 ,women of this order are the ,cleopatras1 ,agrippinas1 ,messalinas and the ,catharines of ,russia2 the de ,pompadours1 de ,staels1 ,georges ,sands1 and the innumerable other self-centred1 unconscionable female-egotists whose extravagances shriek discordant down the ages4 ,lacking both a woman's morals and a man's ethics1 they are freaks of ,nature2 or are ,frankensteins of abnormal culture4 ,when they are not ,empresses1 to indulge in shameful licence--their male abilities exaggerating their woman-instincts to the dimensions of megalomanias--their inordinate ambitions make them mistresses of crowned heads1 or of others whose rank or wealth supplies their mistresses with means and scope for their unbridled prodigalities4 ,privileged by their sex and by masculine favour1 their lawlessness protected from its merited penalties by the law-abiding of their fellows1 they become intoxicated--frequently insane--as result of their successes and excesses4 ,the famous courtesans have been 7and are still7 for the most part women of this ilk2 persons of steel brain and will1 without a woman's aspirations or emotions to soften their self-centredness2 nor a man's code to discipline their wantonness4 ,they make men the instruments and the victims of their feminine defects1 which are all--or nearly all--of woman they possess2 self-consciousness distorted to a monstrous vanity1 emotions dwarfed to greeds and lusts4 ,one after another1 they exploit their victims1 by exercise1 precisely1 of the same masculine business-abilities and ruthlessness which make men fraudulent company-promoters1 profiteers1 or sweaters of the poor4 ,when one has served their purpose1 they cast him off for another4 ,cold-blooded1 clever1 and emotionless1 although sometimes sensual in a fashion purely male 7in keeping with their other male proclivities7 they are adventuresses1 spies1 poisoners1 adultresses1 monsters2 abiding reproach to a noble sex2 terrible example of the fate awaiting that sex1 as penalty for abnormal development of masculine characteristics beyond the capacity of its ,woman-traits to counterpoise and guide4 ,power1 which strengthens and steadies all but weak men1 only too often drives women to destruction4 ,a factor in this is that those privileges of their sex which have become1 more or less1 their civilised prerogative1 preserve them from the salutary harsh and stern rebuffs which men in like circumstance inevitably encounter4 ,if women are to have scope and authority identical with men's1 then they must forgo all privileges2 must come out from their fence behind strong arms and chivalry to meet masculine blows in the face1 economic and ethical--if not actual1 indeed1 as ,prevost has predicted4 ,and then1 ,heaven help them--and men--and the ,race6 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,evolution ,,of ,,sex ,,in ,,adolescence ,i am for you and you are for me1 ,not only for your own sake1 but for others' sakes1 ,envelop'd in you1 sleep great heroes and bards1 ,they refuse to awake at the touch of any man but me4 ,walt ,whitman4 ,i ,a ,french biologist has discovered that when a female oyster is starved1 and its constitution thus deteriorated1 it becomes transformed into a male4 ,the male oyster must be inferior1 therefore1 in organisation to the female4 ,its constitutional potential is less1 since the constitutional potential of the female contains both its own1 and the potential of the male4 ,and the lesser1 it is admitted1 cannot contain the greater2 although higher evolutionary forms1 when subjected to conditions which preclude them from sustaining these their higher forms1 may lapse to modes less complex4 ,further and more striking examples of such ,sex-transformation are afforded by so-called mules1 or neuters1 which occur in other species4 ,a well-known case is that of a pea-hen belonging to ,lady ,tynte4 ,having laid eggs from which chicks were raised1 this pea-hen1 after moulting1 developed feathers proper to the other sex2 appearing like a pied peacock4 ,in the third year the same phenomenon occurred in her2 she developed spurs1 moreover1 resembling those of the cock4 ,she never bred after this change in her plumage4 ,as already mentioned1 kindred phenomena of sex-metamorphosis are observed in women after operations involving removal of reproductive glands4 ,that the female is1 indeed1 a more complex order of organisation than the male1 is not to be doubted1 since masculine characteristics emerge from it when it lapses from its normal of condition4 ,adolescence as it occurs in the boy and in the girl emphasises this conclusion4 ,to the age of twelve or thereabouts1 the normal boy- and girl-child are like enough to one another2 smooth-skinned1 active1 simple creatures4 ,the boy is1 normally1 larger1 sturdier1 stronger and rougher than the girl4 ,but1 save for the cut of their hair and of their clothes1 the two are very similar4 ,with the transition to manhood and womanhood1 respectively1 notable differences accrue1 however4 ,from having been a strong1 young1 active1 boy-like creature1 now--provided her development be allowed to take the normal course--the girl loses physical activity and strength4 ,a phase of invalidation sets in4 ,instinctively1 she no longer runs and romps4 ,new languors invest her in mind and in body4 ,she is indisposed to brain-work or to much exertion4 ,she lounges and muses4 ,her mind is clouded with the mists of awakening sensibilities4 ,she suffers from lassitudes4 ,she becomes a complex of disabilities1 indeed2 disabilities which in delicate1 sickly or over-taxed girls1 show in chlorosis1 anaemia1 hysteria and other ills4 ,obviously1 profound changes1 with re-adjustments of her constitutional resources1 are taking place in her4 ,and most significant of these is that which shows like an arrest of development1 physical and intellectual4 ,because1 normally1 she develops but little further along direct lines of intellect and muscle4 ,yet that she is still developing1 and this upon wholly new--subtler1 higher and more complex lines1 is manifest at the end of this transition-period whence she emerges1 a woman4 ,her developmental arrest and her disabilities 7resulting from an intensification of ,recessive processes in her7 are seen now to have subserved a phase of higher evolution4 ,nature suddenly locked the door upon her differentiating and escaping energies1 in order that these might be conserved and knit into organisation4 ,the active muscularity she has lost reappears in the new factors of symmetry and delicate modelling of limb2 in repose and grace of movement4 ,the straight1 slim1 boy-like lines of the hoyden girl have evolved into the curves and rounded suppleness and beauties of a woman4 ,the girlish1 agile and abrupt movements have passed into a woman's poise and grace4 ,the unformed features of the child have become now delicately modelled2 the curveless1 emotionless lips have bloomed into the flower-like1 rosy fullness of a woman's mouth2 passionate and tender4 ,new mystery and brilliance light her eyes4 ,eyes and brows are charged with potencies2 with seriousness1 with modesty1 serenity1 elusiveness4 ,hair and hands1 voice and expression1 have become transfigured by the magic of a re-creative impulse which has regenerated her whole being4 ,so too her brain development1 arrested along lines of concrete intellection1 is seen to have evolved to higher1 subtler forms of mentality2 to be instinct with delicacy1 sympathy1 tact1 and with that incalculable mode of supra-conscious cerebration which is intuition4 ,in so far as she is of high1 womanly type1 she is now warm and emotional1 sympathetic1 intuitive2 consciously pure1 yet delicately passionate4 ,from a crude and sexless hoyden1 she has evolved into an exquisite complexity2 invested all round with higher values1 human and psychical4 ,as in their earliest beginnings1 however1 so now again the ,woman-traits manifest as ,unfitnesses4 ,her new departure has actually undone in her much that had been achieved in physical adaptation4 ,biologists1 observing this arrest of development in the female1 have interpreted it as sign of an organisation inferior to that of the male4 ,in point of fact1 the contrary is the case4 ,her arrest of development along lines of masculine inherence no more proves her inferior to the male than does the human developmental arrest along lines of that tail our ape-progenitor possessed1 prove the human inferior to the ape-species4 ,this arrest of tail-development occurred first in the female1 doubtless2 being one of those evolutionary mutations in the direction of advance of ,type which are engendered in her sex2 and which are characterised by a conversion to higher potential1 of differentiations in respect of adaptation to environment that have been achieved in the male4 ,conversion of male ,fitness to female ,unfitness1 therefore4 ,seeing that the ape is vastly more adapted than is man to natural environment1 it is obvious that the trend of adaptation to environment1 far from having been along lines of evolving ape to man1 must have been always1 on the contrary1 impelling reversion of the human to the ape-type4 ,darwin relates how he and ,huxley1 watching some boys bathing1 marvelled over the fact1 seeming especially strange when they are no longer disguised by clothes1 that human beings should dominate over all other creatures and play the wonderful part they do on earth4 ,hugo de ,vries says3 ,natural ,selection 7whereof ,adaptation is modus operandi7 444 does not single out the best variations1 but simply destroys the larger number of those which are1 from some cause or other1 unfit for their present environment4 ,in this way it keeps the strains up to the required standard4 ,while ,hoffding states explicitly3 ,adaptation and ,progress are not the same4 ,clearly there are ,dual ,principles operating in progressive development2 one adapting the organism to environment1 the other adapting it to the ,typal model inherent in species4 ,,ii ,in the male of stock impoverished by artificial conditions of civilisation1 the transition to manhood is attended likewise by some languors1 physical and mental4 ,new powers are being developed and occasion more or less strain upon the constitution--a strain wherewith our present-day masters and pastors1 in their zeal of intensive culture1 reckon far too little4 ,in healthy boys this is in no way comparable1 however1 with the constitutional stress which adolescence causes in healthy girls4 ,the youth continues to wax in strength of brain and body4 ,the arrest1 or involution1 normal to the girl1 does not occur in him4 ,while she becomes gentler and more tranquil1 by reason of a new poise in her of mind and body1 he becomes forceful and restless by reason of a new release in him of energy4 ,yet though he gains in strength of brain and body by this further differentiation of his resources into concrete faculty and virile energy1 he lapses notably in organisation4 ,from the supple1 fine-skinned boy--clear-eyed1 sweet-voiced1 womanly almost in refinement and comeliness--he grows large and hard and muscular2 more or less sinewy and rough-hewn1 according as he is1 or is not1 manly of type4 ,his skin loses its fine grain and smoothness1 becoming coarser and hirsute2 thus reverting1 in degree1 to the inferior1 animal grade of skin4 ,his voice falls nearly an octave1 lapsing from sweetness and purity to gruffness and volume4 ,obviously--although all this being normal1 the male has a virile charm and handsomeness of his own--man's is notably a less highly and subtly-evolved organisation than is woman's4 ,in the boy1 is seen a progressive adaptation of body and brain to environment1 in order to fit him for his man's task of coping with and advancing the conditions of life1 material and ethical4 ,and for this1 the more delicate and sensitive woman-physique1 demanding more of vital conservation for its upkeep1 would be a handicap4 ,biological adaptation for his part in reproduction occurs too4 ,but the male development at this epoch is pre-eminently one of adaptation to environment2 equipping him with bone and muscle1 brain and enterprise1 aggressiveness1 initiative and energy4 ,racially indispensable as the reproductive function is in him1 it is obviously incidental and subordinate to his general development4 ,the girl's transition to womanhood is seen1 on the contrary1 to be one almost entirely of adaptation1 physiological and psychical1 to the functions of wifehood and child-bearing4 ,her growth ceases4 ,she loses1 in place of gaining1 nerve and muscle-power4 ,while1 in becoming emotional1 her changed mentality unfits far more than it fits her to cope with life at first hand2 with life unadapted1 that is1 and herself unshielded by the male4 ,her intelligence at eighteen is normally less keen and active--although of higher and more subtle quality and trend--than it had been at twelve4 ,indications of ,nature which point unmistakably to diametrically different modes of culture and of training for the sexes1 and1 in consequence1 to wholly different applications of their respective powers and aptitudes in every department of life4 ,in the boy1 the ,male-traits receive1 with adolescence1 a great influx of energy2 wholly dominating the ,woman-traits which had made him more or less a feminine creature4 ,more and more each day1 the potential virile in his every cell asserts itself in structure and in function2 dominating the ,woman-traits inherent in him4 ,he waxes big and strong of body2 restless and active of mentality4 ,and the less1 within normal limits1 virility has been prematurely forced in him by too hard strain of mind or body1 the better for the evolution of his manhood4 ,unless the ,woman-traits have been unduly drilled and hardened out of him1 they will now refine1 inspire and fructify his awakening masculine powers4 ,the too hard struggle for existence put1 by necessity1 on boys of the poorer classes1 and1 in the higher classes1 forced on sensitive boys called upon1 too young1 to fight for survival in the semi-savage communities that public schools are1 hardens them too soon and too summarily1 and thus frustrates their best development4 ,it is said that there is no atrocity a boy-community will not commit4 ,in this stage of development1 the moral consciousness of the genus is at low ebb4 ,the accentuation of ,male-traits now occurring occasions a recrudescence of primal instincts4 ,and the collective atmosphere such recrudescence engenders in a boy-community1 marooned in school-life apart from the refining1 softening influences of home and womenkind1 is only too often an evil and a demoralising one4 ,boarding-schools should be abolished2 good day-schools substituted4 ,more than at any other phase of his existence1 the masculine needs now the ,woman-influences from without2 because the ,woman-traits within are1 for a period1 submerged beneath a surge of ,maleness4 ,notwithstanding these obvious truths1 however1 during the years when body and mind should be adapting gradually1 consciously and subconsciously1 to the social environment wherein their lives are to be passed2 when the mental horizon should be expanding simultaneously with the expanding intelligence1 when the moral should be rising to the new demands upon it1 boys are imprisoned in scholastic institutions1 where they are hemmed in by routine and restrictions1 in an atmosphere of puerile conceptions1 puerile traditions1 puerile conventions and associations2 their chief outlet and respite the narrow rules and the narrowing absorptions of so-called ,games1 supervised by martinet ,games-masters4 ,and then1 when we bring them to the field of life1 we are surprised to find many of them unintelligent1 unadapted1 unadaptable2 resourceless1 inept and incompetent4 ,cooped during those impressionable years in a wholly artificial environment1 when confronted by the world of living actualities1 which is not ruled by similar narrow restrictions1 nor shaped upon the artificial forms and puerile misconceptions in which their young ductile natures have been run and have set--they show themselves wholly unfitted for life1 with its varied1 difficult and complex conditions and adjustments4 ,they have become1 in point of fact1 mentally and temperamentally provincial4 ,the good form which some of them acquire is derived less from school-ethics or training than from an aristocratic strain of boys with whom they have been associated4 ,and being acquired1 when it is not the form of their own social order1 it appears only too frequently as a counterfeit2 engendering insincerity and snobbishness1 and marring individuality4 ,it has seemed to me that1 in both sexes1 the first seven years of life--during which native faculty and attribute are evolving at great pace--are a phase in which the ,recessive1 or anabolic1 mode1 conservative of the resources and vitalising of the tissues1 is in the ascendant4 ,the true child of both sexes is normally1 during these years1 a typification of the ,woman-traits2 receptive1 plastic1 gentle1 affectionate1 trustful1 intuitive1 emotional2 quickly fatigued1 quickly recuperative2 more or less lovely and angelic4 ,in this phase1 native intuitive faculty makes children sometimes phenomenal2 lightning calculators1 musical prodigies1 precocious poets1 artists4 ,so too1 their marvellously rapid apprehension of the complex meanings and implications of life betokens ,supra-conscious mentality4 ,at seven years old and thence onward to fourteen1 a male1 and katabolic1 phase sets in4 ,phenomenal faculty vanishes4 ,concrete development of body1 brain and energy proceeds apace4 ,the child becomes active1 intelligent1 enterprising1 inquiring4 ,the boy becomes appreciably male2 the girl more or less of a hoyden1 more male1 indeed1 than she is normally at any other period of her existence4 ,unless1 that is1 this hoyden phase is rendered permanent in her by masculine training4 ,at fourteen1 with the evolution of sex1 the sex of boy and girl1 with its respective opposite modes of constitution and of function1 makes for marked development1 each along its characteristic lines4 ,,iii ,the ,french have a saying3 ,la femme est une malade4 ,woman is not1 of course1 an invalid4 ,nature does not fashion invalids4 ,woman's organisation is normally delicate and sensitive and highly strung1 because of its special and complex sex-differentiation4 ,she resembles the child1 in that howsoever healthful 7in proportion1 indeed1 as she is normal and healthfully organised7 her cells of brain and body re-act resiliently and vitally to all the agencies1 physical and psychical1 about her4 ,this sensitive re-activity is not only a sign1 it is1 as well1 a source of health4 ,because the greater delicacy and sensitiveness of organisation which characterise women and children1 resulting in their quick re-activity to deleterious conditions1 secure a permanently more highly-vitalised condition of body than is the case with man1 whose cells are less sensitive1 more tolerant of fatigue1 of cold1 and of other injurious agents4 ,immunity against injurious factors is the parent of degeneracy4 ,life being re-activity1 in terms of living processes1 to the factors of environment1 such immunity entails loss of vital re-activity to vivifying as much as against deteriorative factors4 ,we complain that ,nature1 in place of making our bodies of cast iron1 so to speak1 makes them1 on the contrary1 vulnerable at every point4 ,the reason is1 surely1 that the less we are constituted like cast iron--the more vital and complex1 intelligent and responsive1 our tissues are1 accordingly--the more conducive to change and advance 7because the more sensitively re-active to subtler and psychical stimuli7 they are likewise4 ,we cannot be1 at the same time1 hardy and obtuse1 yet exquisitely sensitive4 ,living tissue-cells are characterised1 beyond all other developments1 by a range of contrasting abilities4 ,an arm serves as softest cushion for a child's head1 or1 by stiffening of its muscles1 becomes rigid as steel4 ,an eye that sees for miles will focus to a pin-point4 ,but being1 as we are1 still in the making1 our tissues necessarily have limitations--and the defects1 accordingly1 of both their sets of qualities4 ,high sensitiveness of function is necessarily attended by corresponding complexity and delicacy of structure4 ,such structural delicacy obliges us to adapt environment to its complexities4 ,it is thus an incentive to progress4 ,it obliges us1 as well1 to moderate our activities1 and1 by thus restricting the output of our cruder powers1 our resources are husbanded and directed into higher channels4 ,the purpose of the complex differentiations which handicap the adolescent girl is obvious4 ,the curving bones1 the expanding pelvis1 the rounded contours1 the inhibited muscles1 the languors and recurring disabilities1 are designed to restrict activity1 physical and mental4 ,physicists tell us that the ,conservation of ,motion and the ,conservation of ,energy are one and the same thing4 ,this must be true1 as well1 of ,vital ,energy4 ,the conservation of ,vital ,activity subtends the ,conservation of ,vital resources4 ,the new developments are by no means incidental merely to the new processes2 they are an integral part of ,the ,plan4 ,in half-closing the doors on avenues of active output1 ,nature conserves the ,woman-powers for more intrinsic use4 ,every brain and body-cell is raised thereby to higher levels both of constitution and of function4 ,as stored mechanical energy becomes transformed into the higher form of electrical energy1 so the power stored in ,woman's anabolic cells is raised to higher evolutionary forms4 ,thus she becomes fitted to be mother of the ,child--the blossom of the ,race4 ,her part in the child will contain the inherence of these new higher evolutionary values1 as the father's part in it will contain the inherence of the concrete powers he has developed4 ,and while her body spontaneously raises all its issues in order to fit her to be a ,mother1 so it develops powers and functions adapting her to serve as soft environment1 physical and attributal1 for the rearing of her child4 ,all this complex differentiation and evolution are designed1 as well1 to adapt woman for the love-passion1 and to draw and bind her mate to her4 ,and ,nature has so cunningly interwoven the two plans and the two developments that1 for the most part1 those physical traits and emotional attributes which best qualify for motherhood most potently attract and closely attach the woman's mate to her4 ,woman is une malade1 because1 throughout the more than thirty years of her potential maternity1 she suffers periodically those which1 biologically speaking1 are minor childbirths2 each entailing a cycle of complex physiological processes1 with more or less considerable constitutional and nervous stress1 debility and incapacitation4 ,nature exacts from her this recurring toll to ,life and to the ,race1 not only to preserve in her1 in healthful and efficient function1 the power and mechanism of actual child-bearing1 but 7only second in importance7 perpetually to recruit her emotional womanhood and wifehood4 ,when girls in course of developing the maternal function1 with all its attendant psychical implications1 are strained by athletics1 by over-culture or industrial exhaustion1 the vital resources are so diverted from the evolution of this function as to cause incapacitation in them1 partial or complete1 for wifehood1 and for the bearing of sound and fine offspring4 ,sterilisation1 absolute or partial1 is induced2 with dwarfed structure1 blighted emotions and warped instincts4 ,even in women who have developed normally1 disease or atrophy of reproductive organs may follow constitutional strain or undue effort4 ,toll to ,life1 in genesis of potential lives1 is exacted likewise from the male4 ,it is a reflex in him of the vital maternal function1 inherent in his ,woman-side4 ,and this perpetual ,life-tax upon his energies so reduces these as to temper his physical and nervous activities and his bent for individuation1 and thus inhibits him from squandering his whole potential of ,life-power in volitional output4 ,thus is preserved in him that normal proportion between ,individuation and ,perpetuation which ,herbert ,spencer describes as existing in inverse ratio to one another4 ,thus also is preserved in him the normal mental balance between the ,male and the ,female departments of his dual brain4 ,men muscularly or intellectually overactive become lopsided and ineffective2 restless and wasteful of their forces1 chill and sterile of temperament2 having lost that fine fructifying calm wherein creative potential is engendered for concrete achievement2 having lost also that equipoise of faculty whereon mental and moral stability depend4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,life-tax levied on the male is incomparably less1 however1 than that exacted of the female4 ,,iv ,it is because of their anabolic mode of tissue-cells1 less wasteful upon the material plane1 that girls and women normally require less food than boys and men do4 ,notwithstanding that their bodies are more highly nourished than are those of males4 ,healthy young women continue to be plump and pretty1 healthful and active on bread-and-butter1 fruits and sweetmeats4 ,while mannish women1 whose physiology has deteriorated to the katabolic1 disruptive and forceful1 male mode1 possess frequently the hungry appetites of men2 not only for food but for drink4 ,and yet withal1 they are lean and for the most part plain1 and poorly nourished4 ,with the wane in her of the anabolic mode of cellular conservation1 and the release thereby of vital resources which1 sealed up in her tissue-cells at adolescence1 remain invested in organisation during her years of possible motherhood1 woman in whom sex is not highly developed reverts more or less 7as does the constitutionally-deteriorated oyster7 to the masculine type4 ,she lapses to a katabolic metabolism4 ,at middle-age1 accordingly1 provided she be still healthy1 she derives a considerable accession of energy1 physical and intellectual4 ,now for the first time relieved of the ,life-tax upon her resources1 her powers are released from bond1 and become more fully available for individuation and personal activity4 ,at the same time1 with this conversion of constitutional investment to the form of current and available energy1 there occurs a proportional--sometimes a very signal--impoverishment of organisation2 and1 after a phase of recrudescent emotionalism1 a cooling and thinning of passional feeling4 ,because such realisation of invested vital capital is inevitably the precursor of decline4 ,thenceforward her cells1 no longer sustaining their high evolutionary states1 generate more of concrete energy1 and endow her with increased powers of action4 ,but their conditional deterioration is manifest in general deterioration of physique1 of looks1 and frequently of health4 ,not seldom1 indeed1 when her constitutional reserves had been previously depleted by over-expenditure1 physical or mental1 the cell-deterioration of this epoch lapses to serious disease or disability2 to rheumatism1 gout1 cancer or other perverted forms4 ,with the constitutional and biological changes come psychical changes too4 ,in women in whom sex is not highly-specialised1 middle-age entails1 with its quasi-masculine physical phase1 quasi-masculine mental traits4 ,they may become strenuous and combative1 sometimes difficult and domineering4 ,perhaps they attach themselves to political and ethical anti-movements1 as arena for their new combativeness1 their augmented intellection1 and increased physical activity4 ,in the most womanly of women also 7as in men at a later epoch7 there occurs at this period a natural transposition of the parental traits of ,altruism and ,chivalry to the impersonal plane2 moving them to mother and father the world in general1 by way of ,charity1 ,philanthropy1 ,reform4 ,v ,is it not waste of power and faculty1 is asked1 for able and cultured women to permit their development1 physical and mental1 to adapt to the simple requirements of a nursery8 ,uncultured and more or less brainless women of an inferior class1 it is said1 should be adequate1 surely1 to cope with the minds and the needs of these immature beings4 ,immature they are1 in truth4 ,but they are nevertheless strangely complex2 exquisitely sensitive4 ,and they are men and women in the making--or the marring4 ,behind the eyes of any child that looks at you in dumb and wistful impotence to express itself1 to defend itself1 to provide and to care for itself1 may lie the mind1 in bud1 of a ,shakespeare1 of a ,newton1 of a ,shelley2 of a ,florence ,nightingale1 a ,mrs4 ,somerville1 a ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,how the most ordinary child1 indeed1 of cultured parents suffers acutely in feeling1 and deteriorates in mind and character under the regime of blundering rebuffs1 scoldings and misapprehensions1 he meets at every turn in the nursery ruled by a crude1 hard woman of the labouring classes6 ,how1 when they have grown older in years but are still only young in understanding1 all youth suffers from the shallow motherhood that was kind1 maybe1 and helpful to it in its childhood1 but fails it utterly in the stress and difficulties of its teens6 ,true motherhood is the greatest of the ,creative ,arts2 ,mother-craft1 the most vital and complex of the ,sciences4 ,life has never received more than a tithe of that which ,nature destined for it1 owing to lack of mother-nurture4 ,genius has never fruited to full bloom and potence1 because the mothers have so seldom realised the greatness of their task4 ,nearly all the records of childhood that writers have given us are annals of bewildered mental suffering and of moral torture1 which have left their evil mark in injured health or warped mentality--not seldom in both4 ,the home1 with all the intuitive wisdoms1 the powers and sympathies and the maternal ministry of a true mother1 is indispensable to the nurture of ,individualism1 and thereby to the evolution of human character and faculty4 ,the true home is the temple of the soul4 ,souls are exquisitely sensitive1 infinitely shy4 ,and only in the warm and fostering atmosphere of kindred beings do they find courage to unfold in living attribute4 ,every home should be a unique environment1 pre-eminently specialised and adapted to the evolution of the young and tender nursling-individualities shaping in it4 ,to uproot these prematurely from their native soil and transplant them in an alien one1 is to blight nascent talent and to warp character4 ,for the reason that it necessitates too early individuation1 with precocious development of self-protective and other qualities of worldly expedience4 ,to plant out the shivering1 exquisitely sensitive seedling1 the human ,babe1 in the chill1 communal atmosphere of a ,creche or other institution1 is as inhuman a social crime as it is an inhuman social crime to defraud its mother of her highest evolutionary impulse and function in the nurture of her little one--a responsibility she has incurred1 a privilege she has earned by right of her maternity4 ,in her nursery1 the mind of woman opens new windows of illumination1 glimpses new vistas of thought and emotion1 higher and lovelier apprehensions of the profounder meanings of ,life4 ,in her nursery1 her eyes learn tenderness1 her voice sweet modulation1 her speech new purity and fondness4 ,in good and happy homes where young persons1 in place of being banished to schools1 grow up in the natural bracing and inspiring atmosphere of parental influence and affection1 ,sex evolves new issues1 in those attractions and sympathies of its ,contrasting ,traits which are evoked by the relations of mother and son1 of father and daughter1 of brother and sister4 ,under modern conditions1 in which children and young persons renew intermittent acquaintance merely with parents and brothers and sisters during brief holiday visits--returning home1 with every added term of absence1 more and more strangers to their kin1 their personalities and interests increasingly detached from those of the home circle--such potent and inspiring developments of sex are vanishing4 ,a wide gulf1 truly1 separates from their fathers these modern self-centred1 self-opinionated young sportswomen and over-academised girls4 ,the charming filial relation1 engendering new and tender sex-amenities in the daughter's hero-worship and reliance on the manhood of her sire1 in the father's protective chivalry and recruital of his youth in the company and interests of his young daughter1 is waning toward extinction4 ,the vast majority of fathers feel dismally constrained1 indeed1 and out of countenance in the presence of their girls--so smart and sophisticated1 so superior1 critical and self-sufficing are our latter-day school and college-maidens4 ,for the most part1 their own daughters are the last among womenkind to whom men turn1 to reap something of the freshness and fairness of the younger generation they have sown and laboured for4 ,while the up-to-date mother aspires to no higher or more beautiful place in her boy's life and affections than that of good chum6 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,extinction ,,of ,,sex ,,in ,,adolescence ,we may outrun1 ,by violent swiftness1 that which we run at1 ,and lose by over-running4 ,shakespeare4 ,i ,how now1 in detail1 does the ,feminist creed lend itself to the biological developments and indications of ,nature described in the last chapter8 ,unfortunately1 as already intimated1 it ignores1 violently combats at every turn1 and only too frequently wholly frustrates them4 ,feminist leaders have shown themselves deplorably indifferent alike to biological and to sociological law4 ,losing sight of the truth that the intrinsic and eternal function of ,humanity is ,parenthood--and more particularly ,motherhood--they have made1 all along the line1 not for the true emancipation of woman but for her commercialisation1 merely4 ,the economic viewpoint has obsessed them wholly4 ,not to free woman from disabilities under which her womanhood1 her wifehood1 and her motherhood were suffering1 but to convert her powers into industrial and marketable commodities has been the aim4 ,that higher ideals are bound up with economics1 is true4 ,the rights of honest self-support and adequate wage1 leading to kindlier1 healthier and happier life-conditions1 are1 by improving constitution and character1 important assets on the side of ,evolution4 ,but by far the most urgent and important consideration in economics1 as these affect women1 is the fundamental biological principle that1 because their greatest of all values lie in their evolutionary and racial endowments1 rather than in their concrete and commercial efficiencies1 the sex requires and is entitled to such more lenient and privileged social and industrial adjustments as admit of due quota of its vital resources1 physical and mental1 remaining conserved in the potential4 ,in place of these being differentiated and expended to the degree natural to man1 and exacted of him by his prescribed role in progress4 ,in direct and violent opposition to ,nature1 the ,feminist system does everything possible1 however1 to frustrate that normal phase of arrest along lines of concrete development whereon the higher evolution of woman--and in woman1 of the ,race--depends4 ,just at the age when ,nature locks the door upon her constitutional resources1 for the purpose of evolving these to higher organisation1 the schools and industries do a strenuous best to keep the door forcibly open1 and to wrest the resources from the storehouse of potential4 ,with a view to fitting woman to compete with the male1 in whom such arrest of individuation1 in the racial interests1 is occurring to vastly less degree4 ,in all ways1 the natural languors and disabilities of the girl's adolescent phase are vigorously combated4 ,the unfortunate young developing creature is exhorted1 spurred--compelled by rigid rule1 indeed 7whatsoever her physiological disabilities71 to take her part in strenuous exertions2 hard drill1 cricket1 hockey1 football2 with the aim of developing masculine muscles where feminine muscles should be4 ,at the same time1 her brain is forced1 crammed and exploited by perpetual mental tasks2 by competitive examinations1 or by some or another strain of specialism1 intellectual or industrial4 ,the result is that she is forcibly precluded from evolving to those higher1 subtler modes of body and of mind1 which are the essence1 the charm and the inspiration of the sex2 and the model of the ,race to be4 ,our school-girls and work-girls1 in whose already impoverished1 or degenerate1 bodies this battle for their resources between ,nature and ,culture 7or ,industrialism7 is waged--the one to make them normal1 the other to make them abnormal--are all more or less in states of disease2 are chlorotic1 anaemic1 neurotic1 dyspeptic1 hysterical2 or suffer from ailments special to their sex4 ,while some are sturdy and florid and buxom 7prematurely middle-aged71 more are neurasthenic and attenuated1 ill-nourished1 spectacled1 breastless1 hipless1 pale or pimply2 are restless1 emotionless1 joyless1 cynical1 discontented4 ,in but few are found the thrill and joy1 the pulse and spring and natural enthusiasms of healthy1 happy young creatures in the dawn and grace of maidenhood4 ,such as are charming and pretty possess these natural woman-characteristics only too often in fragile and weed-like form4 ,the constitutional degeneracy of some shows in precocious sex-development--all precocity being degeneracy1 development too rapid and exhaustive1 and entailing therefore flimsy and unstable tissue-cells1 faulty functioning and premature decline4 ,a proportion1 one is thankful to say1 are normal and healthful and charming1 endowed with the attributes and graces1 personal and mental1 for which ,nature is shaping in the sex4 ,others are1 biologically speaking1 mere lamentable spoiled copies2 amazons of the hockey1 football1 tennis or hunting-fields1 only just distinguishable in general characteristics from the male1 and lacking more or less wholly in womanly psychology and aptitude1 and in all the fairer and nobler attributes of their sex4 ,still others1 although handsome and finely female of physique1 are splendidly null in respect of the emotions1 and of the other subtler and psychical developments of natural womanhood4 ,the ,greeks1 with their intuitive apprehension1 pourtrayed both ,athene1 goddess of ,intellect1 and ,artemis1 goddess of ,sports1 as sexless1 passionless1 unwedded and childless2 scorners of men1 devoid of all womanly impulse and sentiment4 7,strangely enough1 as though anticipating the argument of this book1 ,athene is described as having sprung1 in full life1 from her father's brain4 ,while ,scripture tells of ,eve derived from ,adam's side47 ,in ,the ,new ,system of ,gynaecology1 the latest and most authoritative treatise by eminent specialists in women's diseases1 the following passage occurs1 under heading1 ,derangement of the ,sex-,characteristics3 ,it is our belief that the more truly feminine a woman is1 psychically and physically1 in instinct and in performance1 so much the more complete and normal will be the functions of her mind and body4 ,we have already alluded to inverted instincts4 ,and in the perversion of functions and characteristics 7physical phenomena7 we may observe all grades from almost complete masculinity in appearance1 with the disappearance of the feminine functions1 to the lesser degrees of disordered function and characteristics4 ,,ii ,nature is so complex1 yet so subtly consistent in her workings1 that the neuter-state shows in the faces of many of our women as the typical look of the mule--cross between horse and ass1 a creature incapable of reproduction4 ,in the eyes of young women of strenuous pursuits--academic1 industrial1 or athletic1 this characteristic sterile glint1 part boldness1 part antagonism1 is common4 ,the normal condition of woman is attended by the normal expression of woman4 ,the womanly biology entails the womanly psychology4 ,and modesty is one of the natural female secondary ,sex-characteristics1 attendant upon healthy structural development and function4 ,the hard1 bold glance--the mule-look--of some masculine girls and women by no means necessarily implies conscious immodesty4 ,it is mainly biological and subconscious2 sign of an attribute missing1 as result of deterioration of the function in which the attribute is normally rooted4 ,with reduced values of that ,reproductive function it is modesty's province to defend1 the attribute of modesty declines4 ,the girls and women of old ,sparta1 as ignorant of biology as women are to-day1 made a cult of athletics--good and zealous1 but mistaken patriots6--for the express purpose of mothering a fine1 athletic race4 ,these high and praiseworthy aims failed signally4 ,for ,sparta1 with all her zeal of racial improvement 7so drastic in its methods that she killed her weakly girl-infants7 fell upon decline and degeneracy4 ,noble civilisation that she had been1 she died in decadent corruption4 ,and showing the relation between athletic pursuits and extinction of womanly qualities1 the ,spartan cult of ,maleness led to such decay of modesty that it became the custom for women to run with the men in ,the ,games1 naked as they4 ,a custom that sprang less from actual immodesty than from lapse of that normal ,sex-specialisation1 whence arises the normal sex-consciousness which engenders wholesome reserve between the sexes4 ,modern developments of a similar extinction of womanly modesty are seen in the conduct of latter-day girls and women in public parks and elsewhere2 in the unseemly familiarities of mixed bathing2 in the decadent1 unduly-familiar or frankly indecent dances1 and the frankly indecent modes of dress just now in vogue4 ,as too in that so-called candour which permits women of culture to talk openly of the most intimate physiological functions1 and1 without sense of shame1 to discuss across the dinner-table prurient scandals and other unsavoury topics4 ,the mystery of the creative powers of ,life occulted in her has ever invested woman1 for man1 with glamour and reverence1 enhancing a thousandfold her charm and appeal to his chivalry and tenderness4 ,in stripping herself of womanly reserve and dignity1 alike in demeanour and dress1 she shatters her mystery for him and forfeits her supremest claim upon his manhood2 while robbing him of his fairest illusions and most inspiring incentives4 ,,iii ,in cases of sex-transformation in the lower creatures1 the lapse to a masculine type is found to be accompanied by atrophy of reproductive glands4 ,as recorded in a previous chapter1 investigations by ,roerig show that when the ovaries of female deer atrophy from any cause1 male antlers develop4 ,mannish sex-characteristics in women are as abnormal and as unnatural1 and arise from a similar cause as do male antlers in female deer4 ,with the wane of parental power1 normal to middle-age1 there occurs a like--but in such case a natural--atrophy of glands4 ,and this it is that causes some women to acquire masculine traits at this epoch4 ,degrees1 greater or less1 of such a decline 7natural to middle-aged women7 are being artificially1 and prematurely1 induced in our girls and young women4 ,some of them become actually sterilised1 and are wholly incapable of reproduction4 ,the greater number are only partially sterilised4 ,they are capable still of being mothers4 ,but the function1 in place of being the crown and the fulfilment of their natures1 is a disability2 is more or less of a morbid process1 indeed4 ,and their offspring are more or less deteriorate4 ,not a few1 after marriage--called upon to fulfil functions the resources whereof have been sapped by other and abnormal activities--become invalids2 a number require surgical treatment4 ,non-development1 similar atrophy1 or other deterioration of the mammary glands precludes the vast majority of our young mothers from nourishing their babes--a deplorable injury to these as well as to the mothers themselves2 physical and psychical function being closely and subtly allied4 ,women who fence or play hockey and other rough games during girlhood1 become1 owing to such degenerative atrophy1 incapacitated for lactation4 ,the following is an interesting example of the manner in which cruder and lower-grade power may be increased at the cost of higher faculties4 ,a patient told me that1 having been naturally a poor walker--two miles having been her limit--she had determined to train herself out of this which she regarded as an infirmity4 ,accordingly1 by persistent practice1 she succeeded in raising her walking-power to ten miles daily4 ,she mentioned incidentally--seeing no relation of cause and effect--that1 for several years 7the years during which her walking-powers had been increasing7 she had become progressively deaf4 ,that she had been1 in point of fact1 sapping the potential of the complex1 invaluable faculty of hearing1 in order to equip her leg-muscles1 was confirmed for me a few weeks later1 when ,i read of a number of cyclists1 who1 after one of those deplorable pacing-exhibitions common to-day1 came in1 one and all1 stone deaf3 a consequence of nervous strain4 ,the deafness in these cases passed off with rest4 ,but it is easy to understand that from such temporary functional depletions frequently recurring1 permanent structural deterioration must result inevitably4 ,thus it is that over-use1 in sports and games1 of the muscles of shoulder and chest1 occasions atrophy of mammary glands4 ,by no other way than by artificially inducing in them a premature 7partial7 climacteric1 by perverting their young organisations to the quasi-masculine type of the middle-aged woman1 and thereby releasing1 for available output1 power which should have remained conserved for many years in organisation1 can women be fitted for masculine pursuits4 ,and such sterilisation1 where it is not producing actually diseased and degenerate offspring1 is producing a pitiful race of pallid and enfeebled babes and children2 dyspeptic and spectacled1 adenoid-afflicted1 unchildlike and generally deteriorate4 ,that other factors contribute to the wave of ,racial decline now menacing our modern civilisations1 great and small1 is true4 ,yet mothers of fine vital potential are able to counteract and to minimise the effects of constitutional disease in the other parent to degrees but little realised4 ,because such mothers are so lamentably rare4 ,,iv ,it is the natural release of vital forces1 consequent upon the normal wane of mother-power at middle-age1 that has been mainly responsible for the errors of the ,woman's ,movement4 ,in all its aims and methods it has been essentially a ,middle-aged ,woman's movement4 ,there are no young ideals in it2 no concessions to youth1 to love1 to graciousness or sentiment2 none to wifehood or to motherhood4 ,it has been1 for the most part1 a grim1 dour striving after neuter standards1 neuter models1 neuter efficiencies1 neuter lives and neuter recompenses4 ,identity of brain and muscle1 of aims and claims1 of games and avocations2 equal rights and equal work and equal pay have been the watchwords of its propaganda4 ,fair play and no privileges6 its promoters rigorously demand for these poor weedy girl-neurotics who1 beyond all else1 require industrial concessions and the human clemency of adequate rest and leisure1 to allow of normal and healthful development of their growing brains and bodies4 ,pioneered by strenuous1 middle-aged women--with the best intentions1 be it said--,feminists have adopted the fatal policy of sternly impressing the model of their own quasi-masculine middle-age as the standard of youthful development4 ,without1 for a moment1 suspecting that such wresting of male energies and efficiencies from its young women-victims has inevitably entailed upon them degrees of that climacteric of womanhood which is the herald of decline4 ,on the contrary1 this middle-aged1 quasi-masculine state1 because of its release of power for sterner purposes1 has been hailed as a triumph of ,emancipation and of higher education2 proof positive that woman is not man--only because she has lacked opportunity to become so4 ,in point of fact1 these unfortunate young creatures have been1 and are being all the while ever further despoiled of their youth1 of their sex1 and their fair heritage of life and happiness1 of function and of faculty4 ,and the ,race has been robbed of priceless living wealth in human health and capability4 ,the breasts of these despoiled have shrunk1 in place of blossoming4 ,there are no founts of altruistic life in them4 ,never will they be capable of nurturing babes1 or of contributing their mysterious due to psychical attribute4 ,the pelvis remains narrow and puerile4 ,never can it serve as hostel for a babe of normal1 healthful type4 ,in the vast majority of modern girls and women1 the reproductive organs are structurally immature or functionally defective4 ,dr4 ,gaillard ,thomas1 an eminent ,american gynaecologist1 estimated1 some years since1 that only about #d per cent4 of ,american women proper were physiologically fitted to become wives and mothers4 ,the ,united ,states have been and are all the while deriving fresh influx of vigour and vitality in stock1 from the continuous immigration of simpler and more vitalised peoples4 ,but ,american women proper have never recovered from the strain and hardships of adaptation to a new environment1 which settlers in alien and undeveloped countries necessarily encounter2 the deteriorative influences whereof are shown in constitutional impoverishment of the parent-stock4 ,this is true1 as well1 of our ,colonial kin4 ,not only the strain of acclimatisation1 but too the hard and rough life-conditions women have to cope with in undeveloped lands are responsible for the constitutionally-debilitated1 or1 on the other hand1 for the rawer and less highly-organised racial types found in new settlements4 ,in the ,united ,states1 moreover1 the standards of culture and of training are pre-eminently artificial4 ,democratic sentiment and material prosperity induce persons of working-class biological organisation to over-tax their children's brains and constitutions by forcing these to the educational standards and culture of stock that has evolved1 by generations of higher nurture1 to higher evolutionary grades4 ,the newly-rich1 eager for their families to profit 7as they regard it7 by opportunities denied themselves1 invariably commit this radical error of over-estimating academic education and social accomplishment4 ,they fail to realise that one can no more attain culture than one can acquire breeding in a single generation4 ,it takes three generations of culture--of comparative ease and freedom from the strain of industrial labour and living--to evolve the crude muscular arm of a working woman into the shapely1 refined arm of a gentlewoman4 ,and so it must be with brains4 ,in nineteen cases out of twenty1 a ',varsity education serves as irreparable injury rather than as benefit to a working-class youth1 depleting health or warping character as it inevitably does4 ,the strain of living above the evolutionary level is exhaustive and harmful1 physically and mentally1 both to individuals and to stock4 ,the prudence of apportioning education to the grade of evolutionary development is strikingly shown in the cases of negroes1 who1 when over-taxed by the education normal to white races1 not seldom become blind or consumptive4 ,and always the morale deteriorates4 ,the forcing upon our own labouring-classes of an education above that suited to their natural powers has contributed largely to the constitutional deterioration and the neurasthenia common among them to-day4 ,one of the factors of modern ,labour-unrest1 indeed1 is the physical unfitness of debilitated and neurotic working-men to cope capably and cheerfully with the tasks of earlier and sturdier generations4 ,the urgent need of all our over-civilised races is not more education but more native faculty4 ,every form of disease and degeneracy1 physical and mental1 is rampant4 ,a well-known authority on brain-diseases warns us that if mental defectiveness continues to increase at its present rapid pace1 soon we shall be unable to support the asylums required to accommodate and segregate the unfortunate victims thereof4 ,they must remain at large--to perpetuate and multiply indefinitely their terrible afflictions4 ,yet how is it possible that such weedy1 half-sterilised creatures as are so many of our modern mothers1 should bear sound and sane and vigorous offspring8 ,inherited debilitation and defect are further aggravated by present-day educational methods4 ,our modern rendering of the training of the young is the straining of the young4 ,developing creatures should never be allowed to over-use function or faculty4 ,because to over-tire an immature faculty is to deplete its vital resources of development4 ,nor should young developing creatures be permitted to do anything too strenuously or for too long a time4 ,narrowness and mental warp result inevitably from too early and too long periods of concentration in one direction1 of the ductile shaping brain4 ,in defiance1 nevertheless1 of this first principle of rearing1 boys and girls1 after the morning's brain-work1 are kept at strenuous games for hours in succession4 ,body and mind1 after having been cramped between the covers of text-books1 now are cramped within the narrow rules and rigid form of such miscalled games1 supervised by over-keen experts--the whole business exacting sustained muscular tension1 temperamental excitement and competitive nervous strain4 ,the powers are stretched to win some goal1 in place of being unbent in leisure and in pleasure4 ,true play is spontaneous enjoyment of the moment1 not fierce concentration upon goals4 ,this latter induces excitement1 which may be pleasurable1 but it entails its tax in reactionary exhaustion4 ,because of the spur of competition in them1 sports and games1 as now rendered1 act as powerful nerve-stimulants that deplete and waste the vital powers4 ,school-boys and school-girls live1 for the most part1 in alternating states of high tension in sports and reactionary languors from the heart and nervous strain resulting therefrom4 ,since sports and athletics became a cult1 heart-diseases have increased by #ej per cent4 ,we complain that our young men are limp and unintelligent1 lacking in initiative and enterprise4 ,apart from the serious circumstance that1 mentally1 they have been trained for cricket1 not for life1 most of them 7to employ their own phrase7 have gone stale in heart and brain1 in consequence of forced athletics1 long before they come to the momentous business of living4 ,even their muscles have wasted1 in place of developing4 ,with the result that instead of being finely-built and graceful1 numbers of our youths are stiff1 stoop-shouldered and abnormally attenuated4 ,education should aim at keeping young persons fresh and unstrained2 charged with vital energies for growth of mind and body1 filled with zest and enthusiasm for the career before them4 ,everywhere1 mothers deplore bitterly that they can obtain neither duty1 obedience1 nor affection from their girls4 ,many will not mend their clothes even2 refuse so slight a domestic concession as to arrange flowers for the home4 ,lacking the morbid excitement of competitive rough games1 an abnormal craving for which has been artificially created1 and home-tastes extinguished1 at school1 modern girls are bored and disaffected save when indulging in sports or in other excitements4 ,the more delicate1 sympathetic1 and humanising amenities have no appeal for them4 ,all the subtler1 vital and inspiring impulses of natural womanhood have been rudely smothered in tussles of big muscles1 in sensational crazes for making hockey-goals1 and similar crude aims1 quite alien to natural girlhood4 ,the recurring stimulus of such1 in addition to over-developing male muscles and proclivities in them1 creates both the habit and the craving for excitement2 effects pernicious and demoralising as are those of all habitual strong nerve-excitants4 ,it is impossible to exaggerate the cumulative effect of habit upon disposition--and this particularly upon the plastic1 shaping dispositions of young girls4 ,youth is at the mercy of its pastors and its masters1 to spoil or to foster its best growth4 ,we feed the bodies and cram the brains of our young people1 while1 in sending them away from the home which is their natural environment1 we starve and dwarf their emotions and affections2 giving these nothing to evoke1 nothing to nurture them4 ,the abnormal cold-heartedness and self-absorption latter-day mothers bewail in their girls are the inevitable outcome of their unnatural upbringing4 ,the spectacle of young women1 with set jaws1 eyes strained tensely on a ball1 a fierce battle-look gripping their features1 their hands clutching some or other implement1 their arms engaged in striking and beating1 their legs disposed in coarse ungainly attitudes1 is an object-lesson in all that is ugly in action and unwomanly in mode4 ,the so-called tennis-grin1 which on many women's faces does duty for smile1 shows how the muscular tension of forceful effort permanently mars higher attribute4 ,so too1 the proverbial quarrelsomeness of tennis-playing women results from the combative habit of mind4 ,light and exhilarating1 in place of strenuous competitive exercises1 enable girls to develop their womanhood in healthy structure1 efficient function1 and beauty of body and mind4 ,dancing--the poetry of motion--particularly conduces to health and to grace4 ,true dancing1 that is1 not the acrobatics of the professional dancer1 which result in coarsened ugly limbs and stilted action4 ,there is a well-known ,girls college which makes pre-eminently for the cult of ,mannishness4 ,and here are seen1 absorbed in fierce contest during the exhausting heat of summer afternoons1 grim-visaged maidens of sinewy build1 hard and tough and set as working-women in the forties2 some with brawny throats1 square shoulders and stern loins that would do credit to a prize-ring4 ,all of which masculine developments are stigmata of abnormal ,sex-transformation precisely similar in origin to male antlers in female-deer2 namely1 deterioration of important sex-glands1 with consequent obliteration of the secondary ,sex-characteristics arising normally out of the functional efficiency of these4 ,it has been said that the hardening process for children succeeds in rearing sturdy families1 by killing off those of more delicate 7and higher7 organisation4 ,and this and other such latter-day schools earn a reputation for rearing amazons1 by so breaking the health and constitution of their more delicately-constituted members that these are compelled to withdraw4 ,following the rule that healthy bodies rebel in terms of illness against deteriorative conditions1 it is the normal and healthfully-constituted girls who fail beneath such injurious strain4 ,while organisations less sound of constitutional morale1 in place of sustaining their typal ideals1 conform to these deteriorative methods1 and degenerate from higher to lower-grade standards of structure and function4 ,precisely as happens to minds when exposed to demoralising influences4 ,and to what end is it all8 ,the training of modern young persons should fit them for ,twentieth-,century existence in all its varied1 complex and psychical developments4 ,yet now-a-days we train our girls as though their destiny were carpet-beating or the forge1 rather than the higher human amenities4 ,it is not surprising1 therefore1 that they frequently play hockey with the higher amenities4 ,so impressionable and mimetic the sex is1 and such its bent toward extremes1 that women trained to ,sports comport themselves in after-life as though playing a competitive game4 ,a mental warp which has been one of the sources of latter-day strenuousness1 as too of that fierce social rivalry which is wrecking older and fairer ideals and methods of friendship and hospitality4 ,over-development of the large and cruder muscles dwarfs those smaller and more delicate ones which adapt to the softer and subtler departments of faculty4 ,and while despoiling these smaller muscles which subtend gentle and delicate artistries1 the crude larger ones1 hypertrophied by athletic activities1 become alike a burden and a curse to their possessor4 ,because not only is their upkeep a continual and a superfluous tax upon her vital powers1 but their hunger for continued function in further such crude activities afflicts her with turbulent impulses1 for which the more civilised vocations supply no scope4 ,the militant ,feminist movement was as much an explosion of suppressed muscularity in young women deprived of other outlet for accumulated muscle-steam1 as it was an ebullition of masculine mentality on the part of its leaders4 ,hysteria and other neuroses1 obsessing hobbies and crazes1 are1 more often than not1 morbid and distressing consequences of habits acquired at school and college1 of developing abnormal high-pressures of muscular and nervous energy4 ,masculine war-occupations have similarly evoked male muscularity and mentality in women4 ,so that--,war over--they find it well-nigh unendurable to return to the more refined and humanising womanly employments of their pre-war days4 ,while on the other hand1 employers are bewailing the rough and coarsened manners1 personality and speech1 as too the clumsy movements and ineptitudes of domestic servants1 nurses and others1 de-sexed by ,war-work in respect of the higher qualities and efficiencies of their sex4 ,many of these sturdy motor-drivers1 lusty ,w4,a4,a4,cs4 and strapping ,land-girls have lost all taste as well as aptitude for the finer arts of life and of the home4 ,efficient in the handling of plough or gun or lorry1 woe to the hapless babe or invalid subjected to their hard1 forceful touch6 ,v ,language is scarcely emphatic enough to characterise the painful 7and insane7 exhibitions of ,public-school and ,college ,sports1 in which boys and young men1 whose vital forces are needed beyond all things for development1 may be seen with faces whereon is neither joy of action nor pride of achievement1 but only the pained rigidity of supreme heart and nervous strain1 as they strive for goals that are no test of true physical fitness1 but1 on the contrary1 prove physical lopsidedness4 ,in confirmation whereof is the fact that many such athletes die young1 and die suddenly4 ,or they live the years when men should be still in their prime--valetudinarian and hypochondriac4 ,the secret of health and nervous power is the constitutional capacity to store reserves of vital energy1 for expenditure as required4 ,exhausting sports in youth engender habits of over-expenditure thereof4 ,trials of skill and of strength are admirable spurs to development and self-discipline4 ,but these should make for excellence in that fine poise of ,mind and ,muscle which is the hall-mark of human achievement1 not for extremes of crude brute-force 7muscle being the lowest grade of human powers7 which strain the living mechanism2 and1 straining1 leave inevitably weak and warped links1 when not actually snapped ones therein4 ,the human body is a marvellous and delicate psychological instrument1 not a mere muscular implement4 ,when the hearts of boys are sounded after competitive sports1 murmurs are heard2 showing valvular incompetency4 ,temporary in the majority of cases1 but none the less indicative of gravely-weakened states which can but permanently injure the fine-spun valvular apparatus4 ,dilated hearts caused numbers of our fine young athletes to be rejected as unfit for military duty4 ,young men in training suffer from albuminuria1 showing serious derangement of the kidney-function2 derangement which inevitably entails such permanent structural deterioration as lapses readily1 in after years1 to grave disease4 ,the fallacy that the excitement of games distracts the attention of youth from the processes of sex-development has been disproved4 ,while all athletic boys are not vicious1 it is now recognised that the most vicious are the athletic4 ,the languors of body and mind reactionary upon the exciting strain of games are unwholesome languors2 and breed unwholesome self-absorptions4 ,a fresh and active imagination1 to keep the mind interested at every turn1 is the best of all safeguards4 ,it is in the imagination1 moreover1 that higher moral and ideals arise4 ,it has been said that the battle of ,waterloo was won on the playing-fields of ,eton4 ,it was far more likely won in the pages of ,jack the ,giant ,killer6 ,because in war1 as in most other things1 moral is more potent than muscle4 ,there is1 it is true1 a moral of ,games4 ,but its outlook and its application are both contracted of range and artificial of form4 ,games are useful in forming habits and in exercising faculties of co-operation in concerted action4 ,but being played in company with others1 and played in obedience to rule and regulation1 they allow no scope for the development of individualism in mind or character1 initiative or resource--outside the narrow boundaries of cricket-pitch or football field4 ,by perpetual absorption of the powers in the movements of a ball1 the mind becomes contracted and set in puerile mould1 during years when it should be germinating and expanding in response to the countless varied and inspiring stimuli and factors of natural environment4 ,over-keenness in sports destroys the sense of beauty1 love of art and love of ,nature4 ,the grey matter of the brain--the medium of ,mind--wherein arise imagination1 inspiration and those noble talents and the noble dreams of enterprise which make for noble lives--this highest and most complex of the human tissue-cells becomes starved and atrophied from continued waste of brain-resources by those lower-grade cerebral motor-tracts which control and energise the muscles4 ,the popular impression1 both lay and medical1 that muscular exertion supplies rest to the brain and recuperation to the nervous system1 is a sad delusion4 ,one cannot raise a finger without expending brain and nervous force1 the muscles being implements by way of which the brain transforms purpose into action--being brain-implements therefore4 ,so that brains--and particularly young brains--unduly taxed by muscular activities are robbed of power to develop or to function in their intellectual and other higher departments4 ,if my hypothesis be true1 and the right side of the body with its allied brain-hemisphere is the executive and expenditure side1 while the left is the ,life and asset side1 it is obvious that excessive brain-work1 or ,sports1 for which the executive power is supplied by this right side and its allied brain half1 must necessarily deplete and exhaust the left side1 which is the power-house and reservoir of ,life and ,mind whence the executive half derives its mental1 nervous and vital potential4 ,it goes without saying that such careful economy of the powers is superfluous in truly healthful and normally vigorous males4 ,but latter-day stock has been1 for the most part1 so far depleted by generations of neglect of natural law as to require the strictest husbandry of its vital expenditure1 in order to apportion its means to the best all-round advantage4 ,object-lessons in such extremes of athleticism as destroy the normal balance of the counter-poising ,sex-traits have been supplied by ,war4 ,the faces--as the natures--of some of our soldiers have become crude1 coarse and deteriorate in intelligence1 others abnormally harsh and fierce2 the softer human qualities having been trampled out of them by stress of militarism1 some to degrees of brutalisation and criminality1 even4 ,while a very great number show lined and haggard from heart or nervous strain4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,the ,,woman ,,brain3 ,,its ,,powers ,,and ,,disabilities ,my state is like the lightning's light-- ,now it shines forth1 and now 'tis gone from sight4 ,at times1 amid the heavens ,i find my seat2 ,at others1 ,i am lower than my feet4 ,sa'di 7,persian poet74 ,i ,of what order is this ,woman-half of ,mind which ,feminism seeks to extinguish8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the cerebral processes appreciable upon the ,outer plane1 and calculable by ,science1 represent no more than a tithe of brain-activities4 ,they are but a single highly-specialised focus of brain-functioning4 ,behind concrete ,volition1 ,intellection1 and ,action1 are the silent1 ceaseless1 inner and incalculable workings of innumerable brain-cells concerned with the mysterious constitution and metabolism of ,life1 and its strange1 potent relation and correlation with ,mind and with environment2 concerned with character and attribute and impulse2 with ancestral vestiges and personal experience2 with memories and instincts2 with an infinitude of occulted and imperishable records of previous terrestrial existences1 perhaps2 concerned1 in a word1 with all the secret springs and complex potences of ,individuality2 which differentiates every thought1 emotion and action of any human person from those of every other4 ,and in these recondite mysteries fructifying in a hundred million bi-sexual brain-cells1 it may be that the subtle counter and inter-operations of the ,man and ,woman-traits find their highest activities1 and make for their supremest issues4 ,every man and woman is to every other a ,sealed ,book1 whereof no more than a few pages have been glimpsed--even by those nearest and dearest4 ,we are ,sealed ,books to ourselves1 indeed1 because we do not know the language we are written in4 ,for of all the muted mysteries spinning ceaselessly within the silent-functioning cells of twin brain-hemispheres1 ,science affords us but the scantest and most sketchy information4 ,that the grey matter coating the brain-convolutions is the site of mentality2 that the higher the intelligence1 the deeper and more intricate these convolutions are2 that disease of a certain area destroys the power of speech2 while disease of some other occasions paralysis of this or that group of muscles1 loss of sensation in this or that tract of skin4 ,baldly it states that a portion of a certain convolution controls a certain movement of a hand4 ,but the thousand and one emotions and incentives prompting such movement1 and differentiating the resulting action across the extensive range between the noblest benefaction and the blackest murder1 baffle every scientific method4 ,the processes of ,mind and ,impulse occur on planes we have no means of penetrating1 possess no appliances whereby to estimate the ethereal undulations thereof4 ,what are we8 ,who are we8 ,whence are we8 ,whither do we go8 ,all is locked within the occulted silence of our hundred million brain-cells2 each of which holds and keeps its own intrinsic secret2 each the mysterious record1 it may be1 of one of those countless experiences1 forms and phases1 ancestral or individual1 whereof every living person is the last resultant4 ,but the ,twin-hemispheres1 face to face within the skull1 like opposite pages of a book1 are key to one another2 one page written in the mystical language of ,the ,past and ,future1 the other in the concrete language of ,the ,present4 ,,ii ,is that which ,i surmise to be the ,woman--and emotional half of brain1 the site of the mysterious province known as ,the ,subconsciousness1 into the strange powers and phenomena whereof scientists are now beginning to inquire8 ,is it the seat of that which ,myers designated ,the ,subliminal ,consciousness1 but which might well be called the ,supra-,consciousness1 because1 in the regions of its higher functioning1 it cognises things beyond power of ,concrete ,consciousness to apprehend2 intuitions1 premonitions1 apparitions1 telepathic messages8 ,is it medium of those inherences and that sub-intelligent emotionalism known as ,instinct2 which may be regarded as the implanted religion of rudimentary organisms1 leading them upward in blind subconscious obedience1 at sacrifice of their self-interests and disposition8 ,respecting the regeneration of the crystalline lens of the eye of a ,triton1 ,bergson says3 ,whether we will or no1 we must appeal to some inner directing principle in order to account for this convergence of effects4 ,may it not be that this brain-half--seemingly functionless1 albeit as marvellously constructed and constituted as its fellow-half--is1 in its merely organic departments1 the agency of such an inner principle1 engendering the vital potentials of ,life and ,evolution1 of health1 of nervous recuperation and of biological repair8 ,while in its departments of ,mind1 it functions as instinct1 as intuition1 as inspiration1 aspiration2 serves as the subtly receptive medium by way of which ,the ,divine ,influx wells in human attribute2 whereby ,divine ,revelation is communicated to the concrete brain-half1 for interpretation in speech and in writing4 ,bergson says also3 ,the consciousness of a living being may be defined as an arithmetical difference between potential and realised activity4 ,it measures the interval between representation and action4 7,duality is indicated47 ,the trait essentially distinguishing the human from the brute-mind1 is ,intelligent ,purpose4 ,and ,purpose is the product of ,impulse 7or ,instinct7 and ,reason1 7or ,concrete ,intelligence74 7,duality again47 ,impulse is an emotion and is feminine4 ,reason is masculine4 ,intelligent ,purpose may well be1 therefore1 a resultant of the co-operation of the feminine half of the brain1 which supplies ,impulse1 with the masculine half1 which supplies ,reason4 ,instinct1 ,professor ,james1 the ,american psychologist1 has pointed out1 exists independently of any recognition of its purpose4 ,while ,reason exists apart from instinct--apart therefore from the emotional impulse which gives it the personal motive-power to become purpose4 ,thus1 either mode of brain without the other to supplement it would be incapable of function4 ,self-consciousness requires two departments of ,consciousness--each of which is aware of the other4 ,so that a man may judge and restrain impulses in himself that are contrary to reason and expedience1 or1 on the other hand1 may choose to sacrifice both reason and self-interest to emotional impulse1 noble and uplifting1 or ignoble and debasing4 ,describing ,intellect as characterised by a natural inability to comprehend ,life1 ,professor ,bergson further says3 ,instinct1 on the contrary1 is moulded on the very form of ,life4444 ,if the consciousness that slumbers in it should awake1 if it were wound up into knowledge instead of being wound off into action1 if we could ask and it could reply1 it would give up to us the most intimate secrets of ,life4 ,again ,duality of mental processes is inferred4 ,as too in the following passage3 ,instinct is sympathy4 ,if this sympathy could extend its object and also reflect upon itself1 it would give us the key to vital operations--just as intelligence1 developed and disciplined1 guides us into ,matter4444 ,intelligence1 by means of science 444 brings us1 and moreover only claims to bring us1 a translation of ,life in terms of inertia4444 ,but it is to the very inwardness of ,life that ,intuition leads us--by ,intuition ,i mean instinct that has become disinterested1 self-conscious1 capable of reflecting upon its object and of enlarging it indefinitely4 ,,iii ,the phenomena of ,hypnotism seem to set the ,duality of cerebral processes beyond dispute4 ,dr4 ,george ,h4 ,savage1 ,consulting ,physician and late ,lecturer on ,mental diseases at ,guy's ,hospital1 in his ,harveian ,oration1 ,october #aiji1 testified as follows to the strangeness and authenticity of hypnotic evidences3 ,wishing to follow our great master in not accepting anything without personal investigation1 ,i took advantage of the opportunity offered by ,dr4 ,wright1 to test some of the points of most importance to which ,i have referred4 ,a gentleman1 an engineer1 who had been relieved by treatment by ,dr4 ,wright1 was willing to allow him to demonstrate the various stages of hypnotism and their effects4444 ,he was asked to sit down and talk quietly about his relationship to hypnotism4 ,then he was told to go to sleep4 ,a few passes being made over his head1 he slowly closed his eyes1 and in less than a minute he was sleeping placidly4 ,by the gentle stroking of his left arm this was rendered inflexible4 ,the pulse was in no way affected2 pupils were equal1 but rather larger than before he slept1 and were sluggish4 ,he was slowly aroused 7it being well always to recall the subject slowly74 ,after a talk on general matters he stated that he had no sense of fatigue in the arm1 nor any recollection of anything said and done during the period of hypnosis4 ,he was again1 in a similar way1 sent to sleep4 ,it was then suggested that at the end of seven minutes he should lose all power and sensibility in his right side4 ,he was roused1 given a cigarette1 which he smoked while he talked1 having no knowledge of the suggestion which had been made4 ,about five minutes after he had been roused1 his right arm fell useless by his side1 he passing at the same time into a partial stage of hypnosis4 ,this is common when a post-hypnotic suggestion is being carried out4 ,the whole of the right side1 including the face1 was insensitive2 the pupils were smaller and inactive4 ,he was again slowly aroused1 and resumed smoking1 having no feeling of oppression1 or recollection of anything which had been said or done4 ,he was later again hypnotised1 and in that condition he was asked what had been done formerly4 ,after some hesitation1 he1 in part1 recalled the facts4 ,it is interesting to note that though constantly the acts performed during hypnosis are not recalled when awake1 they are fully remembered on a second hypnosis4 ,we tested his emotional side by getting him to recall scenes in a comic opera1 at which he heartily laughed but had no knowledge of on waking4 ,while unconscious1 it was suggested that when he woke he should remark upon a strong odour of violets4 ,he was awakened and offered a cigarette2 but1 looking about the room1 he asked whence the strong smell of violets came4 ,i inquired as to the revival of long-past impressions1 and it seems that occurrences which took place before his present memory existed1 had been revived and verified4 ,but still more interesting was his experience in reference to a mathematical formula which he had forgotten4 ,being hypnotised1 he dictated it1 and though when once more awake he did not remember it1 when shown what he had just dictated he recognised it as the lost formula4 ,this1 of course1 is in a way parallel to the solution of difficult problems during sleep4 ,be it observed that when at the end of seven minutes 7as had been suggested to him should happen7 the subject lost all power and sensibility in his right side and his right arm fell useless by his side1 he passed at the same time into a partial state of hypnosis4 ,this is common1 ,dr4 ,savage adds1 when a post-hypnotic suggestion is being carried out4 ,here is strong corroboration of my argument that the right side of the body1 with its allied half-brain1 is the agent of ,material ,consciousness1 of muscular action and of physical sensation1 and that it operates normally in fencing in the higher faculties of ,mind from the outer plane of concrete happenings1 as also of interpreting them upon this plane4 ,hypnosis is induced by devices occasioning muscular exhaustion1 and thus temporarily paralysing voluntary muscles--muscles1 that is1 which are under conscious control4 ,it is induced as well 7as in the case cited7 by stroking1 and thus putting to sleep the sensory nerves--nerves which define the patient's consciousness of his material personality4 ,it would seem that by such inhibition1 or paralysis1 of the perceptions of the outer consciousness1 faculties of ,subconsciousness--even of ,supra-consciousness--are exposed1 so that ,mind itself may be dealt with direct4 ,every form of insensibility is closely allied with muscular relaxation or paralysis4 ,,iv ,examples of the operation of the ,supra-conscious faculties upon the concrete plane are supplied by the marvellous feats of lightning calculators4 ,the most intricate mathematical problems--calculations that would call for lengthy and complicated intellectual processes on the part of expert mathematicians to work out by ordinary methods--are solved instantaneously by the genius of such natural calculators4 ,you cannot puzzle them2 you cannot baffle them4 ,scarcely have you stated your problem than they have calmly presented you with the solution4 ,as ,maeterlinck records in his interesting book1 ,the ,unknown ,guest1 this genius for figures developed in ,colbourn and ,safford at the age of six1 in ,mangiamele at ten1 in ,gauss and ,whateley at three4 ,all that and more than expert mathematicians laboriously acquire by decades of study and practice1 these boy-prodigies achieved by way of native faculty4 ,such have not the slightest notion how they arrive at their results4 ,these are obtained automatically--are products of unconscious cerebration4 ,maeterlinck observes of this1 that the resultant appears to rise1 infallible and ready-done1 from a sort of eternal and cosmic reservoir wherein the answer to every question lies dormant4 ,what is this eternal and cosmic reservoir if it be not ,mind1 or ,supra-consciousness1 as distinguished from conscious intellection--a native intuitive1 but undifferentiate1 or potential1 consciousness which holds the answer1 infallible and ready-done1 to every question4 ,truth ,is4 ,there is but one solution--the true one--of a mathematical or any other problem of exact science4 ,a significant fact is that such prodigy boys generally lose their mysterious faculty at the moment when the possessor begins to go to school4 ,so soon1 that is1 as he develops the power of conscious brain-processes--the power to work out his problems by concrete methods--his native supra-conscious gift of solving them spontaneously fails4 ,intuition1 the woman-mode of arriving at conclusions1 lightning quick and true without reason or reflection1 is a kindred potency of ,mind4 ,when a man1 says a ,french writer1 has laboriously climbed a staircase1 he is sure to find a woman at the top--although she will be unable to say how she came there6 ,he did not add the further truth1 that--as with the prodigy boys--the more you educate her to come at her conclusions by processes of intellection1 the more you rob her of her native woman-gift of divination4 ,with the rising level of ,faculty engendered by progressive evolution1 woman's powers of intellection have developed too4 ,while her own mental attributes are themselves of a very high order1 and give to her mentality an inductive subtlety and illumination lacking in that of the male4 ,and this high quality of brain it is that is now being extinguished in her by straining her to masculine standards4 ,progress awaits1 indeed1 the new and quickening impulse ,life and ,faculty should derive from the ,woman-mind fostered along its own inherent lines--to supplement the mind of man4 ,for as ,bergson says1 it is to the very inwardness of ,life that ,intuition leads us4 ,and ,intuition is the woman-mode of ,mind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the women intellectuals who have done great work have been women who inherited talents so far above the average1 as spontaneously to have reached high mental levels1 without need to have sacrificed those womanly traits which gave the noblest values to such work4 ,the woman of average brain1 however1 attains the intellectual standards of the man of average brain only at cost of her health1 of her emotions1 or of her morale4 ,v ,herbert ,spencer said profoundly1 ,mind is as deep as the viscera4 ,indicating it as being vital and intrinsic1 at one with the occulted sources of ,life4 ,mind is of an order of mentality wholly different from that of ,intelligence or ,intellect4 ,mind is of the nature of ,emotion4 ,it is personal1 is sympathy1 is divination4 ,it is the cerebration of the ,soul4 ,the ,soul1 or essential ,individuality1 must abide amid infinitely delicate and delicately infinite brain-cells attuned to those spiritual vibrations whereof ,mind is the reflex4 ,and if ,mind is ,emotion1 the ,woman brain-half1 which is the department of human emotion1 must be the mainspring of the human mind4 ,great intellect1 pure and simple1 may exist in man or woman without or with only a fractional leaven of ,mind4 ,this is seen in the abstractions of scientists1 mathematicians1 statisticians1 physicists1 astronomers1 financiers1 and others4 ,such brains are special organs of a high order of ,intellection1 clear1 calculating and precise of observation and reflection2 rational1 deductive2 admirable in their unswerving rectitude1 pitiless in their impregnable emotionlessness2 rejecting all but incontestable evidences1 scrupulously aggregating and faithfully interpreting their dry bones of numbers and data and vestiges--skeletons of ,life long since extinct1 or scaffoldings of ,life that lives and moves and laughs and weeps1 and bears no more semblance to their bloodless tabulations of its modes and processes than warm1 creative ,mother-,earth resembles the geological strata they describe in her2 or than a beautiful flower-garden blooms in botanical treatises2 or than living men and women are pourtrayed in text-books of ,anatomy and ,physiology4 ,many men of ,science--and all the great ones--have been men of ,mind as well as of ,intellect4 ,but the intellectual processes of ,abstract ,science are no more operations of ,mind than the paths by which we climb to sun-illumined peaks are the ,light upon those peaks4 ,mind is ,spiritual ,illumination--a glimmering of ,the ,infinite1 reflected in the highest and most subtle order of the brain-cells4 ,rays from it are deflected toward the concrete1 to function as ,intellection4 ,but these rays enter the brain at a different angle from that of ,mind-rays4 ,like woman its medium1 ,mind is inspirational1 wayward and elusive4 ,it comes we know not whence4 ,it goes we know not whither4 ,receptive1 intuitive1 creative1 colourful1 it may be unwitting of ,astronomy1 yet it roams amid the stars4 ,ignorant of ,geology1 in it ,immortal1 the dry-bones of ,the ,past become immortal--arise eternally in everlasting re-creation4 ,its ,biology is in the lives and loves1 the hopes and fears1 the throes and tears of human souls and stories4 ,it inspires the poet1 priest1 historian1 romancist1 artist2 the seer and statesman2 the philosopher and wondering child4 ,it exalts the humble and meek4 ,it may be lacking in the cleverest and most learned of men4 ,it is found in the most ignorant and simple women2 in whom it is dumb1 however1 failing the intellectual talent of expression4 ,,vi ,the ,woman brain-half being medium1 in its higher region1 of that ,supra-conscious emotionalism which engenders ,mind1 and in its lower region1 of that ,subconscious emotionalism which engenders vital impulse in the body1 woman's range of mentality is wider than is that of man2 extending both higher and lower in its opposite reaches4 ,but because her ,intelligent ,consciousness is not inherent in her own brain-half1 but is supplied by her borrowed masculine brain-half1 her intelligence is more superficial1 is weaker and less deep and strong of grip than is his4 ,and when the gap between her upper and her lower registers is not duly bridged and stabilised by an efficient middle-register of male-intelligence1 she tends toward two extremes of mentality1 both of which are emotional4 ,thus she lives on the plane of her highest emotional impulses4 ,or she lives on the plane of her senses4 ,some women act and re-act perpetually between these two extremes4 ,in her highest ,supra-reaches1 she is athrill with ,supra-faculties4 ,in her lowest ,sub-register1 she is instinct and palpitant with the colour1 the magnetic vibrations and the blind forces of ,matter1 which her vital processes are evolving into ,life4 ,extremes which are shown1 at the one end1 in the reasonless animal emotionalism of hysteria1 with its abandon of control1 its inco-ordinated muscular movements1 its senseless weepings1 cries and laughter2 at the other end1 in catalepsy1 in which she exists detached from earth and its material needs and consciousness1 subsisting1 it may be for weeks together1 without food or drink1 withdrawn into the ,inner1 and potential1 zones of ,life and ,mind4 ,so that1 no longer subject to limitations of ,matter1 she perceives without aid of the senses1 apprehends without aid of intelligence1 discerns without help of the eyes1 hears without instrumentality of ears4 ,and ,time and ,space no longer circumscribing her essential faculties1 she visions happenings at the ,antipodes1 overhears whispers across a ,continent1 recalls ,the ,past1 foretells ,the ,future4 ,it is because of the potence of the ,subconscious medium in her1 instinct with the magnetic forces of ,evolving ,matter1 that1 in her intelligence1 she shows as more materialistic than man is1 although warmer and more quickened in her feelings4 ,living personalities and issues mean to her more than intellectual abstractions do4 ,she is more materialistic because she cares more for the things that matter6 ,the puddings which in her children's young bodies will be transmuted into living flesh and function1 are to her of more significance than the ,isosceles ,triangle is4 7,all that is true of the ,woman brain-half must be true of the ,woman brain-half in man4 ,in him1 however1 his own hemisphere dominates the bent and faculty of its female counterpart47 ,it is in the emotional impressionability of the ,subconsciousness that habit1 good and bad1 is formed4 ,hence woman's native susceptibility to her environment--a susceptibility which renders indispensable due protection of her mind and nature during years when habits of thought and of conduct are shaping in her4 ,normal man1 whose emotionalism is 7like woman's intelligence7 a borrowed faculty1 differs essentially from her in this4 ,his intelligence is inherent and more stably rooted4 ,he is far less mimetic1 far less a creature of circumstance4 ,his firmer will and stronger intellect enable him to rise superior to environmental conditions1 to shake himself free alike of habit and of circumstance2 his pioneering spirit disposing him to new departures4 ,,vii ,dual ,personality1 ,catalepsy1 ,epilepsy1 ,shock1 ,insanity1 ,chorea are explicable as effects of abnormal dissociations or inherent discrepant relations between the two brain-hemispheres1 which represent1 respectively1 ,conscious 7or objective7 ,intelligence1 and ,subconsciousness 7which is subjective74 ,such discrepancy occasioning confusion between the two planes of mentality1 perception becomes so blurred that1 as in insanity1 subjective impressions are perceived as objective fact4 ,and some idea or spectre of his own mind becoming thus objective1 and being seen out of all perspective with the facts and conditions of everyday life1 the patient may be so haunted and dominated thereby that not only his mentality1 but his actions too may take distorted shape4 ,while the ,conscious ,brain-half is a lens that focuses the ,concrete1 the ,subconscious ,brain-half is a highly-sensitised mirror 7or retina7 that reflects and retains1 in terms of potential ,memory1 all impressions and experiences4 ,it becomes charged thus with a medley of strange and incongruous imprints1 which1 so long as the lens keeps these submerged and subconscious--because unfocused on the plane of consciousness--do not obtrude upon mentality4 ,flaws or failures in the lens of reason allowing certain imprints to emerge1 these become fixed ideas and obsessions4 ,it is by way of the ,subconsciousness1 that the hypnotist impresses suggestion4 ,clairvoyants and other mediums employ crystal-gazing and other devices in order to fatigue1 and thus to paralyse or inhibit the visual function on the outer plane of ,sight4 ,by such means1 the ,subconscious visual faculty comes into operation1 and sets them en rapport with their client's subconscious mentality4 ,this becoming objective to them1 those endowed with the gift of ,second-,sight 7a faculty not to be denied7 are able to visualise in it misty impressions of the subjects' character1 thoughts and circumstances4 ,those rare clairvoyants who are able to establish rapport with their client's ,supra-consciousness may catch glimmerings of future events1 even4 ,because ,supra-conscious ,mind1 being ,supra-,natural1 is not bounded by the limitations of ,the ,natural1 in respect of ,time and ,space4 ,in it1 that which ,was still ,is1 and that which ,is-to-be already ,has ,been4 ,spiritists who see or hear phenomena they attribute to spirits are 7when such are genuine7 for the most part visualising or overhearing phenomena of their own 7or of some other's7 ,subconsciousness1 which1 owing to errors of refraction in the lens of ,consciousness1 have become objective to them4 ,it may well be by way of magnetic vibrations communicated to ,ether by the ,supra or the ,subconsciousness1 that apparitions and telepathic impressions are transmitted from the brain of one person to that of another4 ,so too1 apparitions seen of persons lately dead1 and so-called spiritist communications with these1 may be 7when genuine7 phenomena of such etheric vibrations communicated to the ,supra or the ,subconsciousness of a living person1 and apprehended by him in the objective forms of ghosts or voices4 ,kindred vital and powerful electric vibrations emanating1 at the moment of death1 from the ,subconsciousness of victims murdered1 may so charge the etheric element of houses and localities as to be communicable1 for long periods afterwards1 to the ,subconscious mentality of sensitives1 which serves thus as wireless receiver4 ,such sensitives derive the impression that the scene of the tragedy is haunted by the actual spirit of the murdered4 ,it is as incredible1 of course1 that an immortal soul should be chained to the scene of the violent death of a mortal body as it is incredible that a spirit should be at the call of a medium1 who--perhaps1 for a fee--should be able1 at will1 to summon it back to the plane of concrete conditions1 in order that it might talk 7for the most part7 irrelevant nonsense4 ,on the other hand it is to be believed that1 for a brief period after death1 a spiritual entity may remain sufficiently in touch with the material plane as to be able1 by way of those ,etheric undulations continuous through all the planes of ,being1 to manifest its existence to one in close sympathy with it4 ,,viii ,in an article by me1 ,is ,man an ,electrical ,organism8 which appeared in ,the ,nineteenth ,century1 ,july1 #aiad1 ,i showed--on the evidence of careful and delicate experiments by an electrical expert--that the two sides of the body 7and presumably of the brain7 are of different electrical potential4 ,the active1 right side is positively electrified1 while the passive1 left side is negatively electrified4 ,mental ,telepathy and ,telaesthesia prove1 surely1 that brain and nerve-currents are electrical--one brain-hemisphere operating as transmitter1 the other as receiver4 ,since ,nature employs one ,law only to suspend the mighty solar systems of the ,universe and to bring an apple to the ground1 is it credible that she should employ two laws for ,wireless and for ,human telegraphy1 respectively8 ,the ,hibernation both of animal and vegetative organisms shows two poles of vital function2 ,life and ,consciousness passing into the ,recessive1 or potential1 mode during such winter-sleep4 ,plants sleep by night4 ,is ,sleep a recession merely from the state of ,consciousness to the potential states of ,sub- and ,supra-consciousness8 ,and do these two states alternate normally in the opposite halves of the brain1 concurrently with the alternation of ,day and ,night8 ,night-blindness suggests such an alternation in the dual factors of ,vision--which comprises the intrinsic faculty of ,vision and the concrete function of visualising the external4 ,every concrete function normally wanes with the waning of ,day4 ,hence increasing drowsiness1 passing into ,sleep4 ,morning and evening mentality differ greatly4 ,intellect1 reason and physical activity are paramount during the day4 ,emotion and imagination intensify with the approach of night4 ,is this an alternation in function of the ,male and ,female brain-hemispheres1 coincident with the alternation of the dual luminaries of our earth--the positive1 unchanging ,dominant ,sun2 the changeful ,moon1 with her ,recessive phases and her mystical influences upon ,life and ,mind8 ,the ante-natal life of the embryo is set in terms of lunar months4 ,the word lunatic expresses the effects of lunar phases on persons of unstable mentality4 ,whence do we derive our daily influx of ,life8 ,though we have sunk to rest with dissolution in our bones1 we awake re-charged with powers of living--a phenomenon for which ,science has no explanation4 ,life does not originate in vital processes2 vital processes originate in ,life4 ,do we1 in sleep1 when processes have exhausted our daily influx of ,life-power1 recruit this again from a psychical source8 ,are living processes the wick of a lamp which is filled with the ,spirit of ,life at each recurring dawn1 spent by the day's endeavour1 and re-filled again with the following dawn8 ,failure of sleep kills more swiftly than starvation4 ,and drug-insensibility will not preserve life unless natural sleep supervene4 ,if nervous energy is a complex form of electrical energy1 then the brain in which this is stored is an electrical dynamo4 ,is this dynamo re-charged during sleep from some ,occult ,power-station8 ,since1 in every equation of ,science1 an unknown factor reveals itself1 why not candidly confess this to be a ,spiritual factor8 ,spirit is no more a hypothetical medium than ,ether is4 ,and ,science has been forced to assume the existence of ,ether1 as a basis for its calculations4 ,ether and ,spirit are conceivably the same medium manifesting on different planes--the one of ,physics1 the other of ,mind4 ,,ix ,according to ,professor ,clarapede3 ,the intellect appears only as a makeshift1 an instrument which betrays that the organism is not adapted to its environment1 a mode of expression which reveals a state of impotence4 ,a saying which supports three clauses of my hypothesis3 ,first1 that the brain1 with its tributary spinal-nervous system1 is an instrument of ,consciousness wholly differentiated from1 and supplementary to the organism of ,life4 ,secondly1 that it is an instrument designed for the adaptation of the organism to environment 7the role ,i have assigned1 throughout1 to the male74 ,thirdly1 that the organism of ,life is not itself adapted to its environment1 and that1 accordingly1 ,adaptation to ,environment cannot be regarded as the impulse of ,evolutionary development1 since the living organism has so far failed to adapt itself to environment that it requires a highly specialised instrument to serve as medium between itself and its surroundings4 ,that ,intellect--being an instrument by way of which ,life is adapted to environment1 as also1 on the other hand1 by way of which environment is adapted to ,life--is a makeshift that reveals a state of impotence is not to be admitted1 however1 in view of the fact that it is an instrument which preserves ,life from developing along the lines of its environment2 an adaptation which would necessarily involve lapse from typal ideals4 ,intelligence taught man1 in place of so adapting to environment as to have developed the fist of a gorilla 7which at a blow can crack a human skull71 to arm himself with a club4 ,and by thus adapting environment to his evolutionary requirements1 he conserved his resources and applied them to development along higher lines4 ,such impotence as may be1 arises out of the undevelopment of a rudimentary organism4 ,of an organism in course of development1 however4 ,in the meanwhile1 both man and woman are provided1 in their hybrid constitution1 with the makeshift of an instrument of opposite sex1 which supplies both with the powers neither has yet developed in himself or herself2 but without which neither is able to exist or to function4 ,hybrid ,humanity is still amphibious2 a creature living between two planes1 the ,without and the ,within1 the ,material and the ,spiritual4 ,and like all amphibious creatures1 the human species is1 in a measure1 clumsy and imperfect4 ,because while fitted still with organs and faculties that have adapted to a lower plane1 it possesses likewise organs and faculties that are adapting to a higher4 ,its powers thus handicapped by requiring to engender the vital potential and the developmental power to equip it with two orders of implement1 neither order has attained perfection of construction or of function4 ,and both ministering to the requirements of the other1 necessarily hamper the operations and mask the characteristics of the other4 ,the two sexes are making all the while for higher development1 each along routes of its contrary trend4 ,man develops human faculty in the direction of the ,outer and material plane of ,being4 ,woman develops it in the direction of the ,inner and psychical plane4 ,man transmits to woman a brain-hemisphere and powers ever further increased and intensified in their relation to the concrete4 ,woman transmits to man a brain-hemisphere ever further indrawn and illumined in respect of the emotional and intrinsic4 ,woman's brain-hemisphere1 adapting to its concrete fellow1 becomes increasingly empowered to manifest1 upon the outer plane1 its own essential ,woman-traits in ,life and ,consciousness4 ,man's brain-hemisphere1 adapting to its diviner fellow1 becomes increasingly illumined and inspired thereby to leaven and exalt its concrete outlook and activities4 ,man's brain1 by way of its responsive adaptation to the brain of woman interior to it in the zone of ,mind1 becomes thus ever more sympathetically intelligent1 or intuitive1 in respect of human life and conditions1 of ,science and the ,arts2 while losing nothing of its ,dominance and concrete power1 but interpreting its operations in terms of a profounder and a nobler ,chivalry4 ,woman's brain becomes ever more intelligently sympathetic and practically helpful2 losing nothing of its ,recessiveness1 or emotional impulse1 but1 on the contrary1 intensifying all its ,woman-attributes by extending the range and the operations of these in terms of a profounder and a nobler ,altruism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,because of their hybrid constitution1 there is necessarily a borderland1 alike of faculty and function1 wherein the organisation and the characteristics of the sexes merge and approximate one another's trend and traits4 ,this borderland represents1 however1 the crudest and least differentiated department of the personal and mental powers of both4 ,it is a zone of ,neuterdom1 and marks a grade of rudimentary organisation in which the ,sex-characteristics have not yet sufficiently diverged in development1 as clearly and finely to differentiate themselves as traits of pure and unalloyed type4 ,the cruder the species or the evolutionary stage of species1 the less ,sex is specialised in it4 ,,chapter ,v ,,male ,,and ,,female ,,sex-,,instincts ,,and ,,morale ,,diametrically ,,different ,in conjunction with any other beings but men1 women would have been angels2 but with men they are just women1 which when all is said and done1 is much the same thing4--,de ,livry4 ,i ,among many other misconceptions with regard to ,sex-characteristics1 is the modern teaching that the sex-instinct is identical in men and women4 ,ignoring the truth that a higher moral code is the mark of psychical superiority1 and moreover that the exaction of it from women1 under social penalty1 has done more than any other thing to purify and to exalt the woman-character1 impassioned fallacy now sees this higher standard demanded of the sex as a stigma of inferiority1 and as an injustice4 ,accordingly it preaches equal liberty in this as in other respects4 ,the trend toward equalisation is unfortunately 7but inevitably7 in the direction of lowering the woman-code rather than of raising man's4 ,no falser or more disastrous doctrine could be promulgated4 ,as in all its other attributes and functions1 so in this1 the woman-nature differs wholly from that of the male4 ,the primal male sex-instinct was one of tyranny and subjugation4 ,there was no element of affection in it1 and its bent was toward promiscuity4 ,in the primal female1 the instinct as an initiative impulse was non-existent4 ,the surrender was to fear1 and to habit engendered by fear4 ,fondness for her mate came to woman by way of her love for his child1 a source essentially monogamous in trend4 ,physical passion in woman is derived from the ,male-traits in her4 ,it is1 accordingly1 a borrowed1 not an inherent instinct4 ,and in all natural women1 passion is secondary to love2 love belonging to her own intrinsic nature4 ,because of its heritage1 there is1 in a true woman's love1 always a maternal altruistic element3 unselfish1 ministering1 devoted4 ,love has come to be intensified in her by fire of passion and by force of personal attraction4 ,it is no longer a mere meek surrender1 with fear for spur and maternity for solace4 ,in proportion as she is of high organisation1 it has become a complex of mind and emotion and sense2 intense and vital4 ,but always1 in proportion as she is womanly1 her own way of loving--the way of devotion and tenderness--is ascendant over passion4 ,in man1 howsoever it be leavened by the higher love1 passion dominates4 ,when in woman passion dominates love1 she is loving with the ,male-traits in her--not as woman4 ,and in the measure wherein she falls short of the womanly monogamous ideal1 she is less woman than she is male4 ,mr4 ,justice ,hannen1 for long ,president of the ,divorce ,court--and a subtle expert in women--observed that it was not the passionate1 warm-eyed women who figured most before him1 but1 in far greater number1 the cold-blooded1 greedy and emotionless4 ,because for one woman who succumbs to love or passion1 twenty transgress from motives of vanity or gain2 or from mere frivolous craving for excitement4 ,it is the sexless women who are most immoral1 for the same reason that some dyspeptics are always hungry4 ,persons of healthy digestion eat1 and are satisfied4 ,the healthfully-sexed love1 and are content4 ,the emotionless woman is for ever seeking in novelty1 emotions she lacks the emotion to feel4 ,such women exploit passion for vanity1 for distraction1 or for the primal male-instinct of subjugation4 ,their desire for a lover is less a sentiment than it is of the nature of that craving for drink1 or for drugs1 or for dress1 which many of this order also indulge4 ,all are megalomanias--natural instincts distorted to vices by warp of abnormal self-centredness4 ,with its foundations laid in instinct1 its organic emotionalism1 its streak of mental irresponsibility1 and its hunger for approbation1 the ,woman-nature1 when lacking in the higher ,woman-traits of affection and selflessness1 or when these are not duly absorbed in the natural interests and functions of the sex1 may degenerate to a very ugly thing4 ,some of our latter-day smart young married women1 childless or with one or two children consigned to hirelings1 their passions excited by marriage and not duly assuaged by maternity1 their impulses unchastened and their powers unexpended in affection and care for the family1 seek outlet and distraction in promiscuous philanderings1 in intrigue or in vice4 ,human faculty and impulse diverted from their normal channels readily find crooked and dangerous courses4 ,in the fourth year of ,war1 the ,prussian ,protestant ,state-,church declared that immorality among ,german women has attained such a degree that the very foundations of ,society are threatened4 ,this and kindred developments in other ,war-ridden countries are not due to women having changed their natures1 but are the outcome of conditions so altered as to have released them from the wholesome disciplinary exercise of their accustomed duties1 relaxing thus the salutary curbs of habit and convention4 ,child of ,nature that she is1 woman is a born rebel2 for ever in revolt against the law and order and restraints which man has imposed as indispensable to ,progress4 ,whereas men abhor1 women exult in crises and upheavals4 ,because these serve for outlet to their restive emotionalism and supply scope for exotic sensation1 while at the same time giving them temporary mastery over the male--who is always at a disadvantage in exhibitions of feeling4 ,and this temperamental erraticism is valuably disciplined by the masculine bent for rule and method1 and normally finds admirable safety-valves in wifely1 housewifely1 and motherly functions4 ,,ii ,to advocate a moral standard higher for women than for men is regarded now as reactionary and regressive4 ,nevertheless1 it is certain that beyond all the other virtues1 personal purity is essentially the highest1 and is racially the most valuable of all the ,woman-qualities4 ,lapses in the other sex are in no way comparable1 as regards moral1 biological1 or sociological significance1 with kindred lapses in woman4 ,because of her native non-conformability1 once she has deviated from the monogamous code1 she is dangerously likely never after to conform to it4 7,it is a truism that ,the woman who has one1 has many lovers47 ,her non-conformity requires1 accordingly1 to be protected by a social ordinance more rigid than is that of man4 ,man being less complex of psychology1 moreover1 that which in him is merely biological is vice in woman4 ,the fact alone that the male is able to employ the sex-function as a weapon of brutality 7as in violation7 proves him totally dissimilar to woman in this relation4 ,man disperses2 ,woman absorbs4 ,and the consistency of ,nature is such that these two diametrically-opposite biological modes in reproduction are reflected on the planes of mind and impulse4 ,the diametrical difference of the modes disposes outright of the ,feminist demand for identical moral codes for the sexes2 the sex-functions of the two being so intrinsically contrary in method and inherence1 with correspondingly signal differences in moral impulse and significance4 ,biologically1 the masculine function concludes with its fulfilment4 ,whereas the feminine function begins mainly therewith1 and continues thence onward to operate in an ever-deepening1 broadening1 and intensifying tide of issues2 biological and psychological4 ,and so potent and subtle is ,nature's consistency with regard to this primary and vital function of woman in ,life1 that whether or not biological issue results1 psychological issues do inevitably4 ,woman's mode and mood of receptiveness in this mysterious union so operate that1 in her surrender1 she admits to the inmost sanctuary of her being an alien presence--which remains with her till death4 ,fade as it may from her consciousness1 it remains1 nevertheless1 impressed for ever after on the vibrant records of her sensitive ,subconsciousness1 as vitally as in the hour of her surrender4 ,and underlying mind and character and conduct ever after1 it for ever after contributes its quota to these4 ,because of the vivifying potence of her creative womanhood--the function whereof is to engender ,life--the stranger admitted to her citadel becomes endued with ,life1 and takes up his abode with her to the end of her natural term4 ,for this reason1 the adulterous woman is adulterous in a sense impossible to man--adulterous in both a vital and an intrinsic psychical sense that is revolting4 ,with the increasing intensification in the male1 with advancing evolution1 of his inherited ,woman-traits1 he has become ever further endowed with ,woman's ,sub- and ,supra-conscious faculties4 ,so that the function which was1 in its primal moral1 but brief and cursory1 ending summarily with its biological fulfilment1 has become increasingly endued in him with the vital emotionalism1 and accordingly with the moral significance inherent to the ,woman-nature4 ,if his experiences fade more quickly from his consciousness than hers do1 they remain nevertheless 7in the degree of his psychical development7 potent still in his ,subconsciousness--as possibly adulterating and debasing factors4 ,but since his ,subconscious emotionalism is an acquired and not an inherent part of his male mentality1 it is a medium vastly less sensitised and operative in him than it is in her2 of whom it is the very basis of her being4 ,this is no apology1 of course1 for masculine aberration1 but a counsel of feminine virtue--a counsel making indirectly1 therefore1 but none the less surely for masculine virtue also4 ,the reasons for chastity in the one sex differ diametrically from those which should be the motive thereof in the other1 however4 ,chivalry and ,prostitution are incompatible4 ,it must be confessed1 however1 that deterioration of the woman-organisation and temperament conduces greatly to masculine promiscuity4 ,not only because this entails loss of power to charm and bind the mate1 but because with the sex-immaturity1 on the one hand of the over-,feminised type1 on the other1 of the ,mannish woman1 women lose1 in greater or less degree1 the natural power of one sex to assuage passion in the other4 ,man is deteriorated1 moreover1 by moral and psychical deterioration in that sex whence moral impulse springs1 because1 in such case1 the appeal of woman ceases to be1 as is normal1 to the emotional and chivalrous in him1 but evokes1 on the contrary1 biological instinct mainly1 or merely4 ,it is well-established truth that her first lover 7or her husband1 supposing she had loved him7 retains a unique hold upon a woman's mind throughout her after-life--his personality or memory dominating her imagination as no later-comer is able to do4 ,this is because that first enters into possession of both ,consciousness and ,subconsciousness while the tablets of these are still virgin and unblotted4 ,this first impresses himself1 therefore1 clearly and strongly defined upon her exquisitely-sensitised tablets of remembrance4 ,latter-day young girls1 permitted the injurious licence of free and unchaperoned association with the other sex1 even when they come to marriage1 inviolate1 have1 many of them1 passed through experiences which so have blurred and sullied their young highly-impressionable temperament and senses as to have despoiled these of that fair purity and freshness indispensable alike to potent impressions and to deep attachments4 ,in natural woman who has arrived at womanhood without premature arousing of the senses1 soul and sense are at fine poise1 and respond in vital unison to love4 ,in girls whose innocence and conduct have not been duly safeguarded1 the prematurely-excited senses have become detached from the soul--from the higher emotions1 that is4 ,with the result that this fine poise of mind and body1 which is the ,hall-mark of ,woman-development1 and whence romantic passion issues1 has been irretrievably lost4 ,the same is true1 in degree1 of young men4 ,they too deteriorate when biological instinct is dissociated in them from the higher impulses of passion4 ,but in men1 the poise1 being less delicate1 is not only less readily lost1 but it is more readily recovered4 ,in this1 as in other things1 the normal male makes for means2 while woman's bent is toward extremes4 ,further1 physical passion being normally far stronger in him1 and initiative in impulse--whereas in her it is mainly responsive--the senses assert sway over him spontaneously4 ,while in natural girls these lie more or less dormant1 unless artificially roused1 or until aroused in natural response to love4 ,early philanderings 7more serious than boy-and-girl comradeship and innocent flirtation7 prevent women not only from ever attaining their highest levels of organisation and temperament1 but they destroy effectually their power to love profoundly and whole-heartedly4 ,they rob them1 accordingly1 of the greatest transfiguring potence and happiness of life4 ,,iii ,odious and startling evidence that because of woman's vital emotionalism and sensitive psychology1 her nature retains ineffaceable vestiges of all that has happened to her1 is the fact that a woman's children by a second husband may resemble her first husband far more than they resemble their father4 ,a significant and repulsive adulteration of type1 and one so intrinsic that a woman who had been previously wife to a negro or a ,chinaman will present her second husband1 typically ,european1 with offspring of negroid or of ,mongolian type4 ,that husbands and wives come to resemble one another in physiognomy and characteristics1 is further indication of the subtle and potent temperamental fusion and implications of the mysterious sex-union4 ,the adulteration of type which may thus repulsively mar the offspring of women twice-mated is seen1 at first hand1 in that adulteration of personality which results from sex-promiscuity4 ,not only is the individuality both of mind and character obliterated1 but the individuality both of form and feature is obliterated too4 ,the features of persons of irregular life become blurred and more or less mongrel2 character and expression so degenerating as to produce eventually that which has been styled a composite face--the face resulting when a number of portraits of different persons are printed one over another on the same photographic plate4 ,the degree to which in the sex-union--howsoever lightly entered on--they twain become intrinsically and remain irrevocably one1 in the vital records of individualism and character1 is wholly unsuspected4 ,but in this--which is a complex phenomenon of ,hypnosis--indelible undying images1 such as are impressed upon the ,subconscious mind in every other form of ,hypnosis1 remain impressed thereon2 to inspire and fructify1 or to weaken and vitiate nature and faculty4 ,that vigilant supervision of her young daughters for which the early ,victorian mother is now decried1 secured a purity of racial type1 in fine physique and constitution1 in notable talent and enterprise1 in rare womanly beauty and virile handsomeness1 which proves the unique potentialities inherent in our ,anglo-,saxon stock4 ,no merely material service a woman can render to the ,state approaches in value the all-potent one of safeguarding the virtue of its young daughters4 ,each sex has its own morale to sustain4 ,and personal virtue is woman's4 ,the desire for equal liberty in this respect is added proof of the ascendancy1 in modern women1 of ,male over their own natural ,woman-traits4 ,it springs not from an intensification of passion1 but1 on the contrary1 from a waning of that power to love which holds a woman true to one mate4 ,last and most cogent of reasons3 ,in view of those long centuries of suffering and aspiration1 by way of which the evolution of the ,woman-traits of love and purity has been achieved in blood and tears--albeit the monogamous ideal is far yet from attainment--beyond all else1 the sex should strive toward this1 both personally and socially4 ,it is the soul of ,love and ,life1 the impulse of ,human advance4 ,with decline of this ideal1 the emotions cease to centre in the ,home and ,family1 and civilisation relapses to barbarism4 ,,iv ,ellen ,key1 in ,love and ,marriage1 observes3 ,few propositions are so lacking in proof as that monogamy is the form of sexual life which is indispensable to the vitality and culture of nations4 ,and further3 all the progress that is ascribed to ,christian civilisation has taken place while monogamy was indeed the law1 but polygamy the custom4 ,she overlooks the portentous truth that a law is the expression of a general aspiration toward an ideal for which a people is striving4 ,that a law is broken proves that the higher in man moves him to set a standard beyond his power--or beside his inclination--to sustain undeviatingly4 ,yet although he may not act up to it undeviatingly1 it stands1 nevertheless1 for the ideal he realises that he should reach4 ,abolition of a good and elevating law proves1 therefore1 not only the serious lapse of a community from an established standard of conduct1 but it inevitably lowers the level of conduct by removing barriers--self-respect and self-restraint1 public opinion and so forth--standing in the way of laxity4 ,despite the death-penalty1 murders are committed4 ,but were the death-penalty to be abolished1 murder would increase by leaps and bounds4 ,the human mind is strangely susceptible4 ,and the power of habits acquired under fear of penalties is an invaluable force for good4 ,the higher minds of a community evolve and establish codes for lesser minds to shape by4 ,and undoubtedly the subconscious as well as the conscious shaping toward such standards furthers development in the directions thereof4 ,to make honesty a matter of personal choice1 with no penalties attaching to theft1 would be in itself an incentive to theft4 ,comparison with polygamous countries1 of countries in which monogamy is the law1 refutes straightway ,miss ,key's discredit of monogamy2 showing the polygamous uncivilised1 unenlightened1 unprogressive1 subject to monogamous races1 and in every sense1 both materially and morally decadent4 ,and if1 with a notion of establishing equality in all things between the sexes by emancipating woman from the higher moral code1 leasehold marriage or other forms of wedded laxity should be substituted--not only would national purity1 but personal character and happiness too would suffer grievously4 ,if men have not kept the monogamous law1 the instinct of jealousy1 reinforced by repugnance to supporting alien offspring1 has seen to it that wives should trespass as seldom1 at all events1 as was possible to be guarded against4 ,custom and public opinion1 furthered by personal fear and fear of divorce1 have all contributed toward advancing ideals of womanly honour and conduct4 ,and from monogamous mothers--whether voluntarily or involuntarily so--progress has derived immense impulse4 ,apart from biological considerations1 the benefit to the family of the mother's influence centred in her home and kept from straying thence1 either by her own aspirations1 by public opinion1 or by fear of the husband1 has been incalculable4 ,during and since the ,war1 crime among children has increased by #ej per cent41 largely owing to absence of mothers from their homes1 working or drinking1 or otherwise dissipating1 while their children have been left to run wild in the streets4 ,our reformatories are full to overflowing with these neglected unfortunates2 deprived thus of the haven of homes and maternal control4 ,as a man is responsible to the ,state for the support of his family1 so a woman should be held responsible to the ,state for the proper care and supervision of its future citizens1 who1 without due care and disciplinary influence1 become a burden and scourge to the community4 ,in all these vitally-momentous issues1 let us free our minds alike of sex-bias and false sentiment1 in order that we may see clearly1 and may act honestly and wisely in the interests not only of women themselves1 but in those of the ,race4 ,v ,the sex-instinct in woman having had its origin in surrender1 retains much still of this primal element4 ,and both middle-class men of lower evolutionary grade1 and men of the working classes1 exercise still1 to considerable degree1 the brute-trait of terrorism over women--moral rather than physical terrorism4 ,in rescuing young girls from molestation in the streets1 one may see in them the panic of such intimidation4 ,they are pale and trembling1 with pupils widely dilated4 ,in full daylight1 it may be in a crowded thoroughfare1 with police at hand1 primal instinctive emotionalism paralyses reason1 resource and will-power4 ,weak-minded women1 who lack their due share of masculine combativeness to stiffen resistance in them1 frequently marry1 or otherwise yield to such men1 far more because they are afraid than because they are fond of them4 ,and the terrorism husbands have exercised over wives has nerved wives against the terrorism exercised over them by other men2 and has thus served to protect them from their own weaknesses4 ,the ,woman-traits1 always at a disadvantage in concrete affairs against superior strength1 have been buttressed thus and coerced--often cruelly and tyrannously1 'tis true4 ,but they have nevertheless been greatly furthered in development by a mate who1 if he did not recognise the higher calibre of woman's nature1 nor himself aspired to the code he exacted from her1 recognised1 at all events1 that this higher code he exacted of her was that best adapted to progress4 ,thus has poor mortality been beaten and shapen on the anvils of compulsion and exigency4 ,and always the woman has most suffered--to be beautiful of nature4 ,were it not that an advance-guard of higher and chivalrous men stand1 by force of the laws they have made1 between women and the lower and coarser masculine orders1 no woman's life would be worth the living because of perpetual affront4 ,with existing laws1 indeed1 which protect even the most degraded of the sex1 the women of the poorer classes are everywhere subject to insult and unseemly jest1 open or covert4 ,because to many men of crude order1 the eternal mystery of ,sex shows mainly as subject for levity4 ,the crass and unimaginative frequently deride thus things too high for their dense understanding4 ,women have come to take their chivalrous protection by law as mere matter-of-course1 precisely as they take it as matter-of-course that men should labour1 and should endow them with the benefits of their industry4 ,these things are by no means matter-of-course1 however1 but are matter of chivalry--chivalry so innate as to have become convention4 ,it would be occasion for laughter1 were it not cause for profoundest regret1 that the hypertrophy of male-traits in woman has engendered to-day a sex-antagonism which has set her in open revolt against man1 from whom1 if she has suffered and suffers1 and will continue to suffer at the hands of his defects1 she nevertheless derives1 and has always derived from his chivalries her most gracious human privileges4 ,that the obligations and the recompenses of the sexes are reciprocal1 is true4 ,it is equally true1 however1 that the choice has lain with men to have ignored the nobler issues of the compact4 ,as the seraglio-imprisoned women of the less manly and progressive peoples prove4 ,all our civilisation1 with its complex sociological1 intellectual1 and moral developments1 rests on a basis of ,force4 ,men must still prove their right to each and all of their laboriously-won achievements by arms and the valours of war4 ,in peace1 the laws--which alone make life tolerable--rest equally upon the powers of masculine will and strength to inflict due punishment for violation thereof4 ,and laws having been made by men1 it was clearly optional with them to have left women unprotected1 or far less protected than the other sex2 in place of having extended special protection to their more delicate attributes4 ,in safeguarding women in general1 men safeguard their own individual women1 of course4 ,human motive is involved2 is the product of a number of factors4 ,that this is so is reason for eliminating no single one of these factors1 lest the resultant undergo a wholly unexpected and disastrous transformation4 ,the ,plan sets most women at the mercy of most men1 by reason of the greater physical strength of males1 and by temptation of their more urgent sex-instinct4 ,in view of her inherent disabilities1 it would have seemed1 a priori1 that no woman could in ruder days have attained to womanhood1 inviolate4 ,and yet that her very disabilities have served for her increasing protection is shown by the fact of her increasing protection as1 with the evolution of her higher organisation1 her disabilities have intensified4 ,civilised woman1 with her more delicate organisation1 is far more defenceless than was savage woman4 ,but in response to the claims of her increasing defencelessness1 the instinctive chivalry of the stronger male1 her natural protector1 has become progressively the intelligent and moral chivalry of higher man4 ,no strength or capability of woman's own to defend herself could so have served her2 nor could so have served the other sex for fine incentive4 ,to free woman of her highly specialised and inspiring disabilities by substituting in her1 powers1 muscular and mental1 that would fit her to meet the male on equal terms1 would be to frustrate the method of the male evolutionary ascent1 by eliminating the humanising and uplifting appeal to his manhood of these her inspiring unfitnesses4 ,the deplorable decadence in masculine regard for and bearing toward women1 which has resulted in direct proportion as the sex has substituted male efficiencies for womanly ineptitudes1 serves for one of many other valuable object-lessons of the ,war4 ,,vi ,among other ,feminist fallacies1 the demi-mondaine has come to be regarded as victim merely1 on the one hand1 of an unjust1 man-administered economic system1 on the other1 of masculine libertinism4 ,the truth is that the vast majority of immoral women are under no compulsion1 but voluntarily adopt this mode of life either to escape work1 or because of a natural vicious proclivity4 ,a number are mental defectives2 some actually feeble-minded1 others only morally deficient4 ,it must always be remembered1 moreover1 that1 biologically speaking1 the separation of the genus woman into the folds1 respectively1 of sheep and goats is of signal racial and social service4 ,that some goats are in the sheep-fold1 some lambs among the goats1 is not to be denied4 ,fatalities1 injustices1 and incongruities are inevitable to all broad human classifications4 ,in the main1 however1 the women who resist temptation and remain virtuous are obviously better fitted to be the wives and mothers of the ,race than are they who fall4 ,and although this is not1 of course1 the calculated purpose of this lamentable under-world1 the rough division of the sex thereby into two main classes has been of service1 by supplying a sociological backwater wherein the worst of our racial derelicts--mental and moral defectives--are segregated2 and are precluded1 for the most part1 from perpetuating their mental and moral defectiveness4 ,women1 like men1 must uphold and battle for their standards in the teeth of circumstance4 ,the most notable types of parasite-women1 selfish1 slothful1 worthless1 venal1 vicious1 whose standards are jewels and clothes1 their goals luxury and pleasure and the evasion of all that is difficult and distasteful in life1 are found among the aristocratic and the plutocratic orders2 safely secured against economic necessity or lack of scope and outlet for their powers4 ,the ,feminist fallacy that prostitution is almost entirely a product of male economics has been strikingly refuted1 too1 by ,war-conditions1 which opened numerous well-remunerated employments for the sex4 ,yet1 coincident with a sad deficit of women to fill these1 prostitution has waxed rampant4 ,wise and discreet were those early ,victorians1 with their uncompromising ostracism of loose women4 ,apart altogether from such salutary expression of their condemnation of impure living1 they were vastly too clever and far-seeing to admit persons of notoriously evil habit1 peeress or actress1 to association with their clean young girls1 as modern mothers do2 to meet and to mix freely with them socially or at ,charity ,bazaars1 on ,flag-,days1 and so forth4 ,with the result that girls all the world over have become increasingly lax and decadent in tone and manner1 in dress and morale1 from confusion of their young standards by social tolerance and recognition of such persons1 as also from corruption by demoralising contact with and observation of such4 ,intolerance8 ,pharisaism8 ,by no means6 ,the strong and straight1 uncompromising moral standards of its women serve as landmarks of1 and impulse to a nation's progress4 ,clear and definite lines of demarcation between good and evil1 between possible and impossible modes of conduct1 point the moral of advance1 and turn the scale in the upward direction for the weak1 the hesitating1 and the imitative4 ,dread of consequences went far1 in less sophisticated days1 to safeguard and foster womanly virtue4 ,modern expedients have1 unfortunately1 removed all cause for fear in this relation2 permitting an impunity of action demoralising to the weak in will or principle1 who require every possible aid and check to guide them aright4 ,in simpler days1 girls who had lapsed were steadied and strengthened in character and self-restraint by the compulsion to support1 as too by their natural fondness for the unwanted child4 ,now the first step--having cost them nothing--predisposes to further backslidings4 ,and both character and self-control degenerate increasingly4 ,,vii ,to weaken the marriage-bond by setting it for a term of years only1 or by making it terminable by consent1 would virtually destroy marriage and family-life4 ,the fact that the bond would not be binding would make persons more careless even than they are at present in selection of the mate1 and would thus multiply the number of mis-matings4 ,which would be still further to deteriorate species1 since the finer types of children are born only of well-mated parents4 ,the finality of the bond1 if it does not always prevent one or both from meeting some other they prefer1 prevents the scrupulous1 at all events1 from seeking such4 ,or having found1 it keeps many from fostering and from yielding to temptation4 ,were marriage terminable1 or1 as is sometimes proposed1 were it abolished wholly1 and love the only bond between the sexes1 there would be no confidence1 no sense of security between the partners1 no stability of family life2 no centring of interests in this1 and but small endeavour to retain affections which for the many could be easily replaced--and replaced1 moreover1 with the zest of novelty4 ,on the contrary1 a curse of unrest would afflict the vast majority of married folk with the unsettling--mayhap with the alluring--prospect of meeting their further ,fate2 perhaps their second1 possibly their third1 it might be1 their seventh ,fate4 ,only the few are strong enough of heart or stable enough of character to remain steadfast for a lifetime in any undertaking1 unless bound stringently thereto by authorised obligations1 incentives1 and penalties4 ,only the few are deep enough of nature to love for a lifetime2 or are deep enough of nature to love so intensely as to justify altering the marriage-code in order to spare these few suffering4 ,the wane of nine out of ten honeymoons impresses the value of an inflexible decree that declines to reckon with disillusion1 but sternly bids the disillusioned take up their burden and make the best of it4 ,and having no choice1 many do this and make a success of it--on new1 and1 it may be1 on far higher lines than those they had set out upon4 ,that but few love so deeply as to love for life by no means implies that marriage for less than a lifetime should be substituted4 ,it shows1 on the contrary1 that the majority of persons would prove as incapable of loving ,no4 ,two for long as they had been incapable of loving ,no4 ,one2 or as they would be incapable of loving ,no4 ,three1 or ,no4 ,ten4 ,a bond that rivets them for life to ,no4 ,one therefore1 and entails loss or suffering when they fail to abide by it1 is safeguard for them against such a succession of loves as would be as demoralising to the individual as it must be destructive of society4 ,examples of this tendency to amorous licence have been furnished by the complications of ,war-widows1 who1 on report of the death of soldier-husbands1 remarried in unseemly haste--only to find the husband return4 ,so too1 by the widespread infidelity of wives to absent soldier-husbands4 ,if the grave and moving circumstance of a husband facing death or mutilation in the trenches1 for his country's defence1 was not grave nor moving enough to keep his wife faithful to him1 then we should congratulate ourselves upon a marriage-law which1 by exacting penalties whereby such a wife suffers material damage1 supplies the only argument likely to stiffen the morale of so light-minded and callous a creature4 ,nothing less binding than a lifelong contract is coercive enough or is sufficiently chastening to bridle woman's native changefulness and curb her instinctive emotionalism4 ,the realisation that there is no way out of a situation is her finest incentive to nobility4 ,she bruises her impulses against the iron of circumstance1 and the essences of her intrinsic ,woman-soul distil in patience and in sweetness4 ,under the harrow of sacrifice1 she feels herself martyred4 ,and yet without the sense of martyrdom1 as may be also without the conditions thereof1 no true woman is ever wholly content that she is fulfilling her destiny4 ,ellen ,key writes of all the impurity that the sexual life shuts up within the whited sepulchre of legal marriage4 ,she falls here into the common error of assuming such evil to be restricted solely to the state of marriage4 ,whereas the higher interests1 the duties and affections of the family life--purifying and inspiring influences lacking in unsanctioned unions--make inevitably for the uplifting of the relation4 ,that some husbands and wives fall short of the pure intensity of passion possible to some others between whom love is the sole bond1 is true1 of course4 ,but as are most other human developments1 this is a matter of the character of individuals rather than of the terms of the bond uniting them4 ,certainly1 high and tender passion is scarcely to be expected in a union for no better reason than that this is illicit4 ,,viii ,were life designed for happiness and pleasure merely1 the case would be different4 ,were one life our sole portion1 it might be different too4 ,having one life only1 we might be justified in claiming for it the joy of the best love available4 ,an unhappy or a less than happy marriage is only one1 however1 of the many expedients for the evolution of faculty4 ,if the evolution of the individual progresses by way of countless earth-existences strung upon a thread of spiritual continuity1 one life is but a brief and single page of everybody's great ,life-serial4 ,that is1 doubtless1 why all feel their lot to be an episode merely--unexplained1 and incomplete1 rather than a finished story4 ,and in our innumerable pages and innumerable episodes1 we must resign ourselves to sundry matrimonial vicissitudes4 ,says the author of ,the ,world-,soul1 ,the more function is specialised in either sex the less able either is to stand alone4 ,this is argument for further and fuller specialisation of their respective functions1 in both sexes1 because so great is the happiness of fulfilling for that other his or her great need of us1 and of being blessed by that other in our own need4 ,but too1 it raises the voluntary surrender of such happiness for honour's sake1 for holiness' sake1 for ,god's sake1 or for children's sake1 to the height of a renunciation which transfigures human life and character1 and proportionally ennobles both4 ,that both man and woman should be entitled to divorce for infidelity1 for incorrigible drunkenness1 criminality or insanity on the part of the mate1 would be just and reasonable clauses in the marriage-code4 ,because1 apart from the unmerited cruelty and shame of such bondages1 is the risk of entailing degenerate offspring4 ,otherwise1 it appears that relaxation of the ,divorce-,law would result in evils far worse than any it would remedy4 ,and these evils would re-act inevitably far more cruelly--both temperamentally and materially--upon women and children than upon men4 ,the conjugal and the paternal instincts being traits the sex has acquired by long ages of developmental progress1 for men to lose these would be as easy as the loss would be degenerative to themselves and to those others4 ,folly to suppose that having reached a certain stage of human character-building1 we can1 with impunity1 kick away the foundations whereon our house of evolution has been raised2 and on which it must rest for all time4 ,the irrevocability of the marriage-contract is woman's greatest security4 ,realisation of that sex-lawlessness which is an innate ,male-trait--relic of the promiscuous and cursory nature of the primal male-instinct--should set us on guard against weakening1 in the least degree1 this covenant1 which is the best among those privileges whereby man1 in the teeth of his inherent instincts1 has chivalrously protected woman and the family4 ,in the teeth of these1 he has applied his natural intelligent bent for ,conformity in concrete affairs to the repression and regulation of his impulses by the institution of ,marriage4 ,and this--the apotheosis of masculine conformity to the exactions of ,progress--is now menaced by the native ,non-conformity of woman1 exploited by ,feminism4 ,it is notable that men are but seldom truly fond of1 nor are they faithful to the wife who works outside the home4 ,in ,france1 where the clever1 industrious wife of the middle and lower classes is more a business-partner than she is a wife1 conjugal fidelity is not expected4 ,not only is a house without a woman in it to devote her best interests and powers to the arts of home-making1 not a home1 but the bond of that fraction of interest and affection left over to her from her work outside it is a thing too slight to bind her husband to her4 ,he finds no difficulty in substituting--should he seek this--a haven with more atmosphere of home and sentiment in it1 companionship with more of temperament in it1 more resiliency and freshness1 than that of the industrious and wage-earning1 but fatigued and jaded working-wife4 ,the children of such a union--if such there be--supply no bond either to draw together and unite their parents4 ,children reared by servants1 without understanding or affection1 are but seldom affectionate or charming4 ,moreover1 the children of hard-working mothers are but seldom true children4 ,they bring to the home nothing of the freshness1 the vitality or charm of natural childhood4 ,if father and mother possess aesthetic sensibilities1 these are offended probably by the plainness and the lack of graces in their offspring--bye-products merely of their economic assiduities4 ,perhaps the big spectacles through which the young eyes gaze forth like doleful prisoners from behind bars1 make them feel strangely uncomfortable2 as in the presence of weird and reproachful intelligences4 ,neither derives interest or joy enough from the family circle to repay them for their parental obligations and responsibilities4 ,,ix ,love between the sexes1 being a need alike of souls and biogenesis1 is regarded by some as reason enough in itself for relaxing the ,marriage-law--even for the abolition of ,marriage2 making affection the sole bond between the lovers4 ,we cannot1 logically1 abolish the legal contract uniting two persons in marriage1 however1 without at the same time abolishing every other form of legal contract1 and the legal liabilities thereof4 ,logically1 we cannot make conjugal duty and family responsibility mere matters of personal conscience1 unless we are assured that the human species has reached such a phase of moral integrity as to need no other incentive than its own integrity to secure fulfilment of its obligations1 moral and material4 ,if we abolish the legal factor in marriage1 to be consistent we must abolish the legal factor in business partnerships and in all other sociological compacts4 ,we must make the payment of rent1 of rates and taxes1 of tradesmen's bills and so forth1 debts of conscience and of honour merely2 for the discharge whereof conscience and honour must alone suffice4 ,it may be objected that these are purely material obligations1 while the bond between the sexes is an emotional one4 ,and yet--,have we reached such a stage of development that emotional considerations are more binding on us than material ones are8 ,moreover1 if we are to make love the sole bond--clearly the waning of love must release from the bondage4 ,further1 when we sift out the purely emotional element in the vast majority of unions1 we shall find it but a very slender factor among other more binding reciprocities4 ,certainly a far more slender thread to trust to in the safeguarding of a contract than is1 for example1 the factor of commercial honesty4 ,commercial honesty is not1 perhaps1 a conspicuous virtue of the times4 ,nevertheless1 the sense of honesty in business is a good deal stronger in most men than is their sense of honour with regard to love4 ,and their sense of honour in love has developed mainly as a direct consequence of those legal compulsions and responsibilities of love which have been exacted and fostered by the legality of marriage4 ,how many men are there1 for example1 who1 having come to care for some other1 hold themselves bound in the least by an illicit tie2 howsoever much they may have cared at one time for the woman in the case8 ,lightly come--lightly go6 ,and if the terms1 marriage and love1 are by no means necessarily synonymous1 it has been1 nevertheless1 greatly by way of the obstacles and compulsions and the social penalties attaching to violation of the marriage vows that the love-passion has been purified and uplifted out of the barbarism of mere instinct and promiscuity1 into the graces of emotion and the virtues of monogamy4 ,had any man and woman1 reciprocally attracted at their first meeting1 been free always to have carried this attraction straightway to its biological conclusion1 the sex-relation would be still the merely physiological incident it was in primal forests4 ,the circumstance that such attraction has been debarred from ready consummation by the obligations and the obstacles engendered by a recognised and legalised bond between the sexes1 has been debarred1 moreover1 in innumerable cases1 by one of the attracted couple being subject to this bond--all of this has preserved the nascent emotion from straightway relapsing to the basic level whence it sprang1 and has fostered the evolution of love in the higher reaches of emotion2 of imagination1 of controlled and chastened passion4 ,it may be said that modern men and women1 loving one another with the more highly-evolved passion of our enlightened epoch1 would love as devotedly and would remain as constant in an illicit as in a legalised union4 ,if so1 such constancy would be an echo mainly of the long-dignified state of wedded constancy2 and the greatest of all tributes to the values of this4 ,nevertheless--,for how long after the clarion-note of aspiration sounded by ,marriage should have ceased to vibrate1 would the echo of it last8 ,should woman1 in her short-sighted efforts to emancipate herself still further1 release herself wholly 7as she now inclines to do7 from the marriage-bond1 she will have thrown back in man's face the very tenderest guerdon of his worth and of his high regard for her4 ,and she will have destroyed1 at a blow1 his most vital incentive to further advance1 her own and her children's most powerful safeguard1 and the main buttress not alone of national but1 as well1 of ,natural human progress4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,feminist ,,doctrine ,,and ,,practice ,,disastrous ,,to ,,infant-,,life ,,and ,,human ,,faculty ,a hundred men may make an encampment1 but it takes a woman to make a home4--,chinese ,proverb4 ,i ,the paths alike of progress and of happiness lie1 obviously1 in the ever further dignifying and enhancement of the functions of home and of wifehood1 by way of every further interest and charm that higher1 fairer ,womanhood confers4 ,the chief cause of latter-day conjugal unrest and disaffection is to be found--not in the natural state of marriage1 but in a decline of those personal traits which make for happiness therein4 ,girls brought up as now1 without home-interests or training1 but1 on the contrary1 with mainly self-realising and self-absorbing aims and pursuits1 are deficient not only in domestic aptitudes but lamentably also in emotional qualities4 ,and the home-life without the emotions to give values to it1 is like a fine air played on the keyboard of a piano from which have been removed the strings that transform the movements of the fingers into melody4 ,so keenly self-centred the majority of women have become1 so bent upon their hobbies and careers1 as to have lost nearly all of that sympathetic adaptiveness natural to woman1 which enables her to forget--and to forget with pleasure--her own in the personality and interests of others4 ,how eagerly latter-day girls seek refuge from their boredom in the tennis-court1 the ,bridge-table1 the dance1 or in some other mode of direct action which entails but little temperamental tax or output6 ,to such degree the sexes are now drilled to the same standards1 interests1 and points-of-view1 that neither brings to the other any new thing1 of freshness1 of colour1 or of inspiration4 ,the interchange is only too often a competitive struggle1 indeed1 as to which shall know 7or shall appear to know7 more than the other knows 7or appears to know7 of topics equally trite to both4 ,there is little or nothing of the zest and glamour of a delightful picnic of two2 whereat each keeps producing some new and unexpected thing to supplement the new and unexpected of the other4 ,modern woman has no novelty in language even for her mate1 but deals him back his own slang--a vernacular which among women of the working-classes not seldom takes the forms of blasphemy and obscenity1 wholly disqualifying for the rearing of children4 ,as1 indeed1 do the coarse and vulgar phrases in vogue now among the cultured of the sex4 ,in view of woman's native faculty of music and her subtle aptitude for naming 7as for nick-naming71 one cannot doubt that she it was who mothered ,language4 ,yet now-a-days1 adopting virile lingo1 her rotten1 stick-it1 and the like are murdering the infant of her quondam genius4 ,and what genius it was1 that gave birth to our surpassing mother-tongue6 ,in case of engagement between a young man and his bored one--whom1 by the way1 although he may suspect that the relation is not all that it might be1 he never suspects of being bored--manlike1 he trusts to marriage to put everything right4 ,yet although the newly-wedded more and more relieve themselves of the strain of a honeymoon1 with its unmitigated 7or inimitable7 company of two1 a month or six weeks of wedlock find most young modern couples wofully at cross-purposes4 ,possession has freed the man of the obligation to woo4 ,and when the wooing--which had engendered for the woman a flattering and intoxicating sense of being a coveted prize--comes to a more or less abrupt ending1 she feels herself defrauded4 ,he too6 ,because while ,courtship is man's affair1 ,marriage is woman's4 ,and where love is not1 to recruit and quicken passion and to take the place of novelty1 the wane of honeymoons is sad indeed4 7,there are faults and failings on the bridegroom's part1 'tis true4 ,that belongs to another story1 however4 ,sufficient for these pages is the unpleasing task of holding a mirror to the faults of a single sex47 ,it should be remembered that men1 for the most part1 are not eager to marry4 ,considering the nature of the bond1 with its lifelong obligations1 responsibilities and sacrifices1 this is little to be wondered at4 ,a week after marriage a wife may be crippled by an accident1 may become insane2 or may otherwise be thrown1 more or less a burden1 on her husband's hands4 ,or she may develop disagreeable and wholly uncongenial traits4 ,in spite of which1 even though they wreck his happiness1 he will have bound himself to her--and will have bound himself to maintain her--till death them parts4 ,he too1 of course1 may turn out wholly unsatisfactory4 ,that belongs likewise to the other story4 ,but from the material standpoint1 the onus of support which falls on him1 and which1 in the case of an invalided or of an obnoxious wife1 may prove nothing but a carking care1 makes the liabilities unequal4 ,it is1 doubtless1 because of these his greater material obligations and responsibilities1 that passion has been planned to beset man more urgently than woman4 ,and had ,church and ,state not taken advantage of his inherent1 chivalrous instinct1 and so turned it to account1 both for his own moral uplifting and for the founding and maintenance of the family1 woman and society--and man1 accordingly--would have remained at very low grades of development4 ,,ii ,among other wrongs resented by women is that his obligation and his economic means to support a wife have endowed the male1 in the majority of cases1 with the lordly prerogative of selecting his mate4 ,on her side1 while having much to gain materially by marriage1 unless she is unusually attractive she has but little range of choice4 ,and yet this masculine prerogative of selection has served as the strongest incentive to the culture both of higher attribute and charm in woman4 ,failing that economic struggle which has been man's spur to development1 this incentive has operated vastly to her benefit2 inducing her parents to educate and to enhance her gifts1 and influencing her to do the like for herself4 ,a proportion of women have always been self-supporting1 of course4 ,but their work has been mainly in fields of unskilled labour1 and has lacked1 accordingly1 the stimulus of competition4 ,the goal of marriage has not only supplied thus the element of emulation1 but it has turned ,woman-culture in the direction of developing personal traits and morale1 rather than industrial or professional specialisations4 ,and this has been the right direction1 seeing that the role of the sex is one demanding personal qualities and virtues rather than economic technicalities4 ,as regards human values1 it is a higher privilege to be a charming personality than to be a successful stockbroker4 ,so that in this1 as in other things1 woman has been privileged by her disabilities4 ,,iii ,an ever-increasing number of working-class girls1 on leaving school1 enter a work-shop1 a factory1 or an office1 and spend their time and powers in minor mechanical tasks2 gumming labels on jam-pots1 making match-boxes or tags for boot-laces1 addressing envelopes1 and other such employments1 deadening to female intelligence1 impulse and temperament4 ,their minds and natures become too warped and narrowed to adapt later1 with ease and interest1 to the many and varied intelligent functions of the home4 ,they escape thence1 accordingly1 after a few months or years of marriage 7supposing them to have given up their industrial tasks for a space even71 and abandoning home and children1 return to the old narrow1 mechanical routine1 to which alone their poor stultified brains have been shaped4 ,in the education of girls1 the ,subconscious mimetic element in their impressionable natures should be borne in mind4 ,it may be turned to excellent1 as to disastrous account4 ,m4 ,vologotsky1 head of the ,omsk ,government1 has called attention to a significant phenomenon of modern ,russian life--namely1 that the women take no interest in their homes4 ,this he attributes to their low states of culture4 ,could they but be persuaded to become house-proud--with all that this means and entails--he considers that the task of the ,regeneration of this vast unhappy1 although singularly gifted1 people would be greatly furthered4 ,constitutional deterioration1 inherited or acquired1 entailing defective sex-development1 causes many young working-women to be deficient in the maternal instinct1 whence spring fondness for and interest in children4 ,the same defective sex-development1 disqualifying them for wifehood1 results in the vast majority of working-class wives lapsing1 after a few years of marriage with normal1 virile young men1 into haggard1 neurasthenic wrecks4 ,the whole of this vital and important department of the woman-organisation is not only ignored in so far as scope for normal development is concerned1 but1 despised as subserving inferior and merely physical functions1 every other capacity and aptitude is fostered or forced at the expense of constitutional reserves and resources which belong1 by rights of ,life and ,love1 to this4 ,with the result that the vast majority of modern women are physically unfitted for1 as an increasing number are temperamentally averse to the sex-relation--fons et origo of ,life4 ,,iv ,to such degree the doctrine of ,expedience and ,self-for-,self-solely has spread that there are women who seek now to escape wholly the natural pangs of childbirth4 ,such persuade their doctors to induce labour a month or more before term2 in order that the smaller-sized infant may be born with less discomfort to themselves4 ,others restrict their diet or abstain from certain foods1 in order that the babe1 starved thus and ill-nourished before birth1 shall be soft and frail and easier of delivery4 ,dread of pain at whatsoever cost to the future of a human being--and that being their own child--actuates these unnatural and pusillanimous practices4 ,it is becoming a vogue for expectant mothers of the wealthier classes to enter ,maternity-,homes1 where1 in luxurious surroundings1 they are enabled1 under spinal anaesthesia 7,twilight ,sleep71 to conclude their mother-function without suffering or inconvenience2 lying in a torpor of crass insensibility while the greatest of ,human ,events is taking place in them4 ,meantime1 the sensitive infant-body is dosed with the powerful drug circulating in the maternal blood4 ,but--whither is all this trending8 ,can we believe that true intelligence and progress consist in grasping greedily all the pleasures and the privileges to be had from life1 and basely shirking all the hardships8 ,can we believe that--suffering and effort being the laws alike of ,life and ,progress1 and the rungs whereby we have climbed the ,evolutionary ladder--we can continue to climb when1 with short-sighted selfishness1 we shall have stripped the ladder of its rungs8 ,the humane use of chloroform duly assuages the worst pangs4 ,while the fine courage1 fortitude and sweetness wherewith the soul of woman fares forth naturally upon her ,great ,adventure1 to meet this the ,apotheosis of human pain1 prove and still further enhance her nobility4 ,even weak and flimsy women rise to greatness at this crisis4 ,powers they had never glimmered in themselves emerge and armour them1 and--be it remembered--leave eternal records upon mind and character2 striking spiritual roots still deeper into living function4 ,v ,with characteristic ,feminist materialism1 ,olive ,schreiner lightly dismisses ,maternity as a merely passive form of labour4 ,heaven save the mark6 ,is it passive so to equip a microscopic cell with living human powers and aspirations that1 within the space of months1 it makes that miraculous pilgrimage of the pre-natal evolutionary ascent whereby it becomes ,man8 ,passive--so to serve for living environment to this developing organism as to supply it with the multiple1 complex and diverse elements1 material and vital1 biological and psychical1 required for the manifold needs and adjustments of its evolving life and faculties8 ,during the ante-natal months of this miraculous ,ascent1 the embryo climbs its genealogical tree1 as biologists style it4 ,that is to say1 it passes1 in turn1 through all the countless evolutionary phases of all the countless evolutionary ages whereof ,humanity is the culminating product4 ,fashioning out of formlessness1 slowly it attains to form4 ,shaping1 shaping1 ever marvellously shaping1 it evolves1 in succession1 through fish1 amphibian and other rudimentary life-grades4 ,climbing1 climbing1 ever marvellously climbing1 day by day1 to nobler heights1 it is transformed at last to human shape2 lower human first1 then higher human1 and finally to the highest human possible to its stock1 its parentage1 and the resources1 physical and psychical1 available to it4 ,it is the most stupendous miracle in ,nature2 a miracle so sacred and so tender that every man in passing an expectant mother should mentally bow the knee4 ,individually1 socially1 morally--she may be a person of but small significance4 ,but because of the mystery of ,life enshrined within her1 she is a living ,testament of ,evolution4 ,the pregnant woman is1 moreover1 pregnant with the destiny of ,races4 ,during those ten lunar months there is enacted in the tender darkness of the mother's womb the whole wonderful drama of the ,human transfiguration4 ,with lightning swiftness1 the evolving babe climbs in the footsteps that its countless ancestors had trod1 in forms innumerable1 along the route interminable of the ,human ,advent4 ,in flashes of progressive1 infinitesimal transitions1 through incalculable phases and mutations1 the single cell of double parentage unfolds the marvel occulted in it4 ,until at last1 the living product stands triumphant on the topmost branch of its genealogical tree1 a perfect human babe awaiting birth2 the last achievement of its ,race1 the latest and most perfect bud of its hereditary stock4 ,in so far as all this occurs subconsciously within the mother1 the materialist may lightly dismiss the evolutionary marvel as a passive form of labour4 ,but although subconscious1 these unceasing processes demand inevitably such proportional vital potential and activities on her part from whom the powers energising it are derived1 as to be a continued tax and strain upon her strength and health4 ,there are women who feel this strain but little4 ,a rare few of these because they are so richly endowed with maternal potence that the subconscious processes have remained1 as ,nature doubtless intended1 for the most part subconscious and painless4 ,far more often1 however1 when ,maternity exacts but little from the mother1 it is because she is contributing but little to the child4 ,i have observed that the finer a child in physique and in brain1 the greater the stress and disability the mother had suffered prior to its birth4 ,,vi ,indifferent1 notwithstanding1 to all the vital activities and psychical evolutions taking place within the mysterious laboratory of the mother's body2 reckless of the circumstance that any interference with1 or hampering of the least of these must inevitably jar1 and warp1 the delicate complexes of infantine development1 we scruple not to strain and burden1 to harass and deplete1 the prospective mother even further by strenuous breadwinning4 ,her whole physiology and psychology are profoundly altered by her momentous condition2 by the new adjustments to the needs of the developing babe1 of the maternal circulation and digestion1 assimilation and elimination1 mentality and intricate nervous constitution and processes4 ,fatigue1 noise1 turmoil1 effort1 shock--any one or all of these which are inseparable from industrial employment--cannot but injuriously re-act upon the delicate evolutions mysteriously occurring in her4 ,the infant brain is complete at birth4 ,from its lowest to its highest departments1 all the marvel of exquisitely-delicate construction and association of its complex cells is achieved pre-natally4 ,and according or not as her vital powers have been rich and otherwise unexpended1 and according or not as the embryological processes of development have occurred in quietude and freedom from strain upon the mother's part1 will be the quality for life1 in vigour and in sanity1 of her child's intelligence and character4 ,,vii ,in view of those lower biological grades through which the embryo passes before arriving at the human stage1 it is inevitable that maternal over-fatigue1 shock or undue effort may arrest its physical development temporarily upon any of these lower levels4 ,and such arrest must inevitably entail some warp or bias of a lower animal phase2 which may so impress itself permanently on embryonic development as to detract more or less gravely from the final transition4 ,it is1 doubtless1 for this reason that many modern humans show in their configuration1 degrees of reversion to ape1 sheep1 fish and other lower species4 ,shock or nervous perturbation in the expectant mother may occasion1 in the babe1 appalling monstrosity1 or such minor defects as cleft-palate1 hare-lip1 and other deformities4 ,showing the vital and--inevitably--the psychological effects on offspring1 for good or for evil1 of maternal conditions and impressions4 ,the ,germans record that of infants born during the war1 a number are gravely degenerate of type1 an infant-degeneracy attributed by some to the creed of ,hate obsessing ,german mothers4 ,the same phenomenon is seen however in the offspring of mothers exhausted by religious preachings and marchings1 in furtherance of their creed of ,christian ,love4 ,for ,biology recognises no ,theology except its own--that of ,evolution4 ,at a representative meeting of ,london doctors1 it was stated recently that the number of imbecile infants now coming into existence with us is no less than appalling4 ,a medical wiseacre has adventured the amazing dictum that ,every infant is born healthy6 ,he might1 with equal truth1 have said that every infant is born wealthy1 or is born a ,chinaman4 ,some infants are born alive1 a great number are born dead4 ,and between those born alive and healthy and the still-born1 lie all the infinite gradations of constitutional condition between life and health1 between disease and death4 ,one child inherits from its parents a tuberculous tendency2 another a neurotic1 another a strain of alcoholism or other taint4 ,one is born blind or a hopeless idiot2 another with hare-lip or clubbed-foot2 another with congenital heart-disease4 ,one babe is born with a beautiful head2 all its brain-faculties nobly developed and splendidly balanced4 ,another is born headless1 or with a skull which1 from crown to brows1 is a rapid descent--showing lack of all the brain-powers involved in higher mentality2 is born1 in short1 of criminal inherency4 ,the degrees in which individuals strive against inherited tendencies differ greatly1 as do the life-conditions wherein their will and moral power are tested--to make or to break them4 ,man is not1 of course1 the creature merely of his heredity or of his environment4 ,but he whose mother has equipped him with physical defects instead of with qualities1 even though he fight against his disabilities1 is obviously handicapped for the life-struggle4 ,a great musician may charm fine music from a poor fiddle1 but in no degree so fine as he will bring out of a more perfect instrument4 ,,viii ,a phenomenon which has baffled vital statisticians is a curious relation between the ,birth-rate and ,infant-,mortality4 ,a high birth-rate is found to be associated with a high rate of infant-mortality2 while with a lower birth-rate1 the death-rate among infants and children decreases4 ,long and careful observation has left me in no doubt as to the cause of this phenomenon4 ,which is1 that under strain of disease1 of industrial exhaustion or strenuous activities of any sort1 but particularly as result of the constitutional drain entailed by pregnancy1 mothers may so draw upon the vital powers of their children in order to recruit their own1 as to occasion fatal illness in their families4 ,the evil is so great in its effects1 not only upon the health and constitution of the rising generation1 but1 as well1 upon the physical and mental development thereof1 that such maternal depletion is1 ,i am assured1 a cause of widespread disease among children2 of infantile paralysis1 degeneracy and mortality4 ,it is reason enough1 in all conscience1 to call for the legalised prohibition of all mothers with young families from engaging in professional or industrial employment4 ,because although such depletion of her children's health is graver in degree during a mother's pregnancy1 at all times over-worked1 sickly1 or strenuous women recruit their powers from the constitutional resources of others4 ,only1 indeed1 by such depletion of their neighbours can many of our present-day neurotic1 overactive women 7some of them with ill-nourished bodies and feeble assimilation1 but with1 nevertheless1 indefatigable energies7 contrive to keep going4 ,strong-willed1 self-centred women1 keen in pursuit of business1 athletics or pleasure1 will1 by sapping the nervous forces of these1 keep all the members of their households--husband1 children1 servants--more or less de-vitalised1 neurasthenic and characterless2 one or more actually invalided1 perhaps4 ,if nervous energy is1 indeed1 a complex form of electrical energy1 this nervous interchange is intelligible2 obeying the law that bodies under-charged with electricity charge themselves from bodies more highly charged1 until equilibrium is established4 ,who among doctors does not know the wan and listless1 semi-paralytic babes that working-mothers--and most particularly pregnant working-mothers--bring to the consulting-room8 ,the hapless victims lie limply1 or sit hunched upon the woman's lap1 nerveless1 wasted1 apathetic2 faces white and hopeless1 abdomen lax and tumid2 the blenched limbs soft as butter1 weak and dangling4 ,they are suffering1 perhaps1 from some specific ailment1 bronchitis1 paralysis1 gastric or intestinal troubles2 perhaps only from mysterious wasting and inanition4 ,not seldom there is an elder child too1 white and weak and fretful1 and the subject of infantilism2 growth stunted1 development arrested4 ,such children1 in their mental hebetude and physical degeneracy1 suggest a degree of cretinism4 ,and in the suggestion1 a possible cause appears for the cretinous offspring of the hard-living1 over-worked mothers of ,swiss cantons4 ,,ix ,drummond says of ,motherhood3 ,even on its physical side 444 this was the most stupendous task ,evolution ever undertook4 ,while on the physical side1 we see that ,nature has made infancy and childhood increasingly helpless as species advances in evolutionary values1 in order to call forth increasingly intelligent1 and sympathetic response and resource in the mother4 ,feminism in unmaking the mother1 is undoing the labours of countless ages of evolutionary advance4 ,the intensifying mentality of woman1 destined for the more subtly intelligent and sympathetic nurture of the ,race's increasingly valuable and complex offspring1 is being diverted1 more and more1 by ,feminist counsel and practice from human and vital into merely economic channels4 ,life is so constituted that its most cruel disabilities and evils are borne inevitably by the children in the van of the ,great ,march4 ,these hapless ones it is--soft buds pushing from the ,human ,tree--that bear the brunt of the evolutionary impulse4 ,in the main1 the very finest children of ,the ,poor succumb4 ,because the higher the organism1 the more complex and delicately-fitted to its vital needs its life-conditions require to be4 ,briars flourish where rose-trees die4 ,degenerate children struggle through where better types go under4 ,we are not ready1 it is true1 for exotic humans4 ,but we need urgently1 indeed1 all the healthy1 intelligent1 well-balanced stock we can produce4 ,a certain uniformity of type is secured by the expedients of ,natural ,selection2 by that continual correction of premature evolutionary unfoldment which results from the checks and prunings of developmental exigencies--in the necessary acclimatisation and adaptation of the young and tender organism to environment4 ,and ,nature herself provides all the checks and prunings required1 in her tests of teething1 of measles1 and the other diseases and trials of infancy and childhood4 ,the respiration-curves and the brain pulse-waves of young infants show serious disturbance as result of sudden loud noises4 ,the consequent nervous jar perturbs both breathing and circulation4 ,the whole organisation of an infant is so delicate and is so subtly balanced as to require the gentlest possible treatment4 ,one sees on the faces of infants and young children a chronic look of painful expectancy4 ,their brows are knitted as though to brace their hyper-sensitive systems for the next distressing shock4 ,women accustomed to hard1 laborious work 7or sports7 lose power to adjust their movements to these delicate needs4 ,and when1 unkind and impatient1 they fly at the unfortunates and shake or beat or scold them violently1 they have no suspicion that for hours afterwards1 perhaps for days1 the children's nervous systems may be so shattered and disorganised1 digestion and assimilative powers so impaired1 as to interfere gravely with growth and development4 ,degrees of shock1 akin to shell-shock1 result from such maternal violence and chronic terrorism2 occasioning feeble-mindedness1 morbid timidity1 mental hebetude and1 moreover1 subconscious impressions1 which1 later in life1 may emerge as obsessions1 or as other forms of insanity4 ,fear is the most shattering and paralysing of the emotions4 ,yet not only brought up by hand1 the majority of our little ones are brought up by violent hand4 ,all day long and during every moment of it1 a thousand delicate processes of growth and unfoldment and of intricate adjustments are going on mysteriously within the shaping brain and body of a child4 ,subconsciously1 these are a continued tax and strain2 making him hyper-sensitive1 irritable1 cross1 perhaps1 for causes that appear inadequate4 ,a child is like a convalescent1 in that he uses up rapidly for growth and development all the nutritive material and vital energy at his disposal4 ,this is true of healthy1 well-nurtured children4 ,what then of these child-martyrs of ,the ,poor1 who in addition to the strain of growth1 are ill-fed1 poisoned by unsuitable foods2 are sickly1 rickety1 bronchitic1 dyspeptic1 syphilitic1 phthisical8 ,nevertheless1 all the maternal care these miserables receive are such rough dregs of kindness and of patience as may be left over from the toil of their working-mothers' hard1 exhausting days4 ,it is no less than monstrous that our laws allow the nation's babes and children--to whom are due all the best resources of maternal care and tenderness and duly-trained maternal powers--to be thus martyred4 ,as substitute for the home and for their mothers--which are every child's birthright--more and more1 infants and young children are consigned now to ,creches2 chill institutions of alien atmosphere1 alien surroundings1 alien nurses1 where1 unmothered1 they are ciphers among other unmothered alien ciphers4 ,yet babies and young children are so pathetically constituted that they prefer blows from their mothers to caresses from strangers4 ,x ,the life-story written in the faces of the great majority of our ,twentieth-,century babes and children is a terrible one1 in its revelation of tortured helplessness1 hopeless resignation1 unnatural fortitude1 blank despair4 ,see them sunk1 limp and dejected1 in their prams or go-carts1 eyes staring forward on the dreary waste their lives are2 limbs dangling1 like those of toys with broken springs4 ,in cities1 mothers1 ignorant of the shock and injury which noise and turmoil inflict upon these sensitive brains and nerves1 wheel them amid jostling crowds--in order that they themselves may enjoy the excitements of the shops4 ,at the low level of their prams1 they breathe air vitiated by the passers-by2 are in the exhausting whirl and press of swirling nerve-currents4 ,in their poor ill-made carriages1 they are jerked abruptly1 now up1 now down1 at every kerb2 with no more care or tenderness than though they were baskets of clothes4 ,they sit patient1 leaden1 apathetic2 cruelly strapped for hours together in one position2 neither pulse of health nor spirit in them4 ,in cold weather1 their heads but thinly thatched with hair are bare4 ,so too their limbs2 though warmth is life to young1 developing creatures4 ,in hot weather1 the sun beats mercilessly down upon their hatlessness1 their exquisitely-sensitive brains but slightly shielded by their thin un-ossified skulls4 ,degrees of sunstroke1 with lifelong injury to health and faculty1 occur4 ,they knit their pale brows in fruitless attempt to defend their weak eyes from the glare4 ,many keep their lids close shut1 to protect both eyes and brain from the nerve-shattering solar rays1 which are far too powerful to be allowed to fall1 untempered1 upon an infant's highly-sensitive body4 ,with closed eyes1 the poor things miss all the joys of their ride2 the colour and movement about them1 and the spurs to intelligence these should supply4 ,their unobservant mothers and nurses suppose them to be sleeping6 ,children old enough to walk are walked to stages--sometimes to extremes of exhaustion4 ,you may see them dragging heavily along1 with wan1 exhausted faces2 peevish and cross1 and scolded and shaken and slapped for being peevish and cross4 ,exhaustion from such over-fatigue will keep a child below par for days2 checking its growth and development--to say nothing of its happiness4 ,children derive but little benefit from their holiday changes to sea or country1 because of the exertions forced upon them1 or the too strenuous play to which they are exhorted4 ,children who go bare-headed suffer1 in large number1 from eye-strain1 with resulting permanent frown4 ,as too1 from ear-ache and from ear-diseases2 from headache and toothache4 ,in as many as #ge per cent4 of school-children1 vision is defective4 ,the obsessing aim of many mothers is to harden their children4 ,yet no more than a clay model in the shaping may be hardened and set1 should the process be applied to children in the shaping4 ,healthy children are inevitably delicate children1 because of that highly-sensitive re-activity to surroundings which not only characterises but conduces to the developmental state4 7,such delicacy must not be confused with sickliness47 ,the finer the organisation the longer it takes 7within normal limits7 to come to full growth4 ,our greatest men and women were delicate in youth4 ,hardy children are always of inferior type--for the most part1 plain and shrewd and unimaginative1 insensitive1 unlovable4 ,they have matured 7have adapted to environment1 that is7 precociously4 ,evolution of higher faculty has been prematurely arrested in them4 ,modern children are described as super-children1 for their abnormal sharpness and worldly perspicacity4 ,they are merely precocious1 which is to say1 they have missed their childhood4 ,and too early development entails inevitably early decline4 ,not only ,america1 but ,england now has produced a grey-haired boy of ten6 ,no less amazing than it is lamentable is the light neglect by the majority of cultured mothers1 of their grave maternal obligations4 ,from earliest infancy1 they hand over their children1 body and soul1 to the ignorance1 the carelessness1 the cruelty 7not seldom to the viciousness even71 of stranger-women of the uncultured classes2 women of whose character and disposition they know nothing1 and who are only too often unfitted by nature1 by upbringing1 and by habit for this most delicate1 difficult and important of all human tasks4 ,it is by no means uncommon to find prostitutes1 grown too old for a trade that has vitiated every cell and secretion of their bodies 7to say nothing of mental vitiation71 officiating in the capacity of nursemaid to children of culture4 ,every child is a new creation1 with a highly specialised organisation of mind and of body4 ,for the nurture and best development of these1 are required high degrees of intelligence1 of understanding and of sympathy in treatment4 ,to realise its idiosyncrasies1 constitutional and temperamental1 and to adapt to these in its rearing and surroundings1 with respect to diet1 exercise1 play1 sleep1 moral supervision and discipline1 demand intuitive perceptiveness1 intelligent discrimination1 and practical resource such as no other department of life demands--or is worth4 ,notwithstanding all this1 mothers who can afford to shelve their duty upon paid substitutes abandon the most complex and sensitive1 the most beautiful and valuable1 and moreover1 the most helpless thing in ,nature--the mind of a child--to be shaped and coloured1 during all the most impressionable years of its development1 by persons with neither aptitude nor faculty for this supremely complex and difficult function4 ,in place of so adapting its environment to the child-organism as to enable it1 fenced within the tender mother-fold1 to enjoy to the full and to develop to the full the lovely1 inspiring beliefs and illusions of natural childhood1 latter-day mothers now cruelly rob their little ones of this fructifying phase1 by prematurely forcing worldly knowledge and distrusts upon them1 in precocious adjustment to mature view-points and conditions from which they should be carefully secluded4 ,in that mysterious ,mind-department1 the ,subconsciousness1 with its highly sensitised brain-tablets1 every smallest happening of a lifetime--scenes1 experiences1 mental impressions--are photographed1 to be stored for ever after as ineffaceable records4 ,and though1 perhaps1 wholly forgotten1 these subconscious records nevertheless colour and influence for ever after every thought and impulse and action4 ,sometimes they flash up as memories4 ,they can be recalled under hypnotism4 ,the young mind is like an unfurnished house4 ,the rooms are empty4 ,there are no pictures on the walls4 ,but its unblotted1 exquisitely-sensitised spaces are ceaselessly filming indelible records of everything seen and felt and apprehended4 ,one impression may correct1 or may distort1 others4 ,or that right point-of-view which is judgment may focus all impressions in the true perspective which reveals their true values and proportions4 ,but until such judgment has been formed by mental development1 it is vitally important that all the impressions absorbed by young minds1 whether of their life-conditions and associates1 of books or of plays1 shall be fair and simple and wholesome4 ,thus1 the foundations of mind and of character are laid in clean1 intelligising and uplifting influences4 ,,xi ,while we deplore1 as appalling1 that during the first fifteen months of ,war1 #aji1gbe of our fighting men were killed or died1 the returns of the ,registrar-,general show that during the twelve months of the peace preceding ,war1 there died #adj1ieg of the nation's children1 at less than five years old2 #ie1fjh of these at less than a year old4 ,consider it6 ,war1 with its destructive engines of bomb and shell1 more or less swiftly and painlessly kills just over a hundred thousand men1 in the course of fifteen months4 ,peace1 with its destructive transgressions against ,nature1 kills in less time a far greater number of defenceless babes and children1 by slow and more or less torturing forms of disease4 ,babies1 even when unhealthy1 come into existence endowed with a certain ,life-potential4 ,and they struggle hard and painfully to live4 ,it is amazing to see the odds against which the poor things battle2 and battle successfully4 ,it is only the fearfulness of the odds to which most of them are subjected that succeeds in killing them4 ,pain and suffering are spurs to adult development4 ,in children they are as needlessly cruel as they are permanently injurious4 ,far from fitting1 they unfit them for life4 ,the ratio of mortality is no guide1 of course1 to the immeasurable injuries wrought to mind and body by these same fearful odds upon the children who survive2 and who survive1 maimed1 diseased1 degenerate1 to live out lives of disability1 of joylessness and ineffectiveness4 ,it will be said--and said truly--that much of this high infant-mortality results1 not from maternal omissions1 but from paternal commissions4 ,well1 that alas6 is another of the terrible wrongs against children which lie at the door of the sex4 ,were there not women whose lives are passed in engendering and transmitting the direst of all the diseases human evil has bred1 the hapless imbecile and paralytic1 the blind1 the deaf1 the ulcerous1 the slowly-wasting1 tortured little ones who fill our asylums and hospitals would not be4 ,at every turn the truth is more and more impressed1 that the fate of ,humanity rests1 in some or other form1 with its women4 ,woman is ,redeemer2 or she is ,destroyer4 ,because1 while man's province is the material1 with its roots in temporal things1 woman's province is the vital1 with its roots and stem and blossom in functioning ,life4 ,the burning wrongs of women8 ,alas6 what are they beside the burning wrongs of helpless babes and children8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xii ,an anomaly of ,feminism is the admission1 on the one hand1 that ,motherhood was woman's most valuable function1 and her greatest claim on the community in days of barbarism1 and the denial1 on the other1 that it is her most important function in civilisation4 ,the illogic of the position is patent4 ,that the production of savages should be primitive woman's chiefest claim to honour2 while the production of highly-evolved and complex human beings should be civilised woman's least4 ,the potence and the values of fine motherhood are proven by the fact that every great1 or good1 or clever man or woman has been the child of a great1 or good1 or clever mother4 ,not of one who has made her mark in the world of affairs4 ,such1 for the most part1 have not reproduced at all4 ,and when they have been mothers their children have been notably of inferior calibre4 ,on the other hand1 bad men and bad women have in nearly every instance been sons or daughters of bad women4 ,examples innumerable might be cited to show that both genius and moral greatness are variations 7mutations7 of the human species which have their origin in mother-genius and greatness4 ,great scientists1 it has been noted1 have been sons of women characterised by intense love of ,truth4 ,the love of ,truth in the mother--for ,truth's sake--became in the executive1 concrete mentality of the son an intuitive apprehension of the truths of ,science1 and an eager and indomitable aspiration to render these in terms of intellection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shall woman leave to man no field at all of natural supremacy8 ,shall she not be content with her beautiful part as generatrix of ,faculty1 but must seek to be exponent too8 ,that all women do not marry--cannot marry1 indeed1 because of their preponderance in number over the other sex--is no reason for dissembling the truth that in wifehood and motherhood lie woman's most vital and valuable roles4 ,nor is it warrant for training the whole sex as though none were destined to fulfil this1 their natural and noblest--if not always1 their happiest vocation4 ,,xiii ,feminism repudiates1 from time to time1 the charge against it of belittling ,motherhood4 ,yet how can it profess to credit the maternal function with due values or significance when it denies the obligations and responsibilities thereof1 asks no economic concessions for it8 ,and when1 in place of demanding privileges indispensable to its exercise and complete fulfilment1 it makes no distinction1 in respect of work and the worker1 between childless and unmarried women and mothers and expectant mothers8 ,and this despite the fact that1 for a period of eighteen months at very least1 the mother's best vital resources belong by rights1 biological and moral1 to each babe she produces--nine for the pre-natal building of its body and brain1 and nine for lactation4 ,her moral obligation to nurse1 and the criminality of her omission when able to do so1 have been emphasised as follows by ,sir ,j4 ,crichton-,browne3 ,dr4 ,robertson1 ,medical ,officer of ,health for ,birmingham has shown that while the infant-mortality of breast-fed infants is #g4h per #ajjj births1 that of infants receiving no breast-milk is #bcb per #ajjj4 ,and ,sir ,arthur ,newsholme1 ,medical ,adviser to the ,local ,government ,board1 has shown that the probability of death from epidemic diarrhoea is #ed times greater among infants fed on cow's milk than among those fed on breast-milk1 and #aej times greater amongst infants fed on condensed milk4 ,but it is not merely in a high infant death-rate that the evil effects of the want of breast-milk stand confessed4 ,where it does not kill it often maims1 and is responsible for malnutrition1 rickets1 tuberculosis1 and a multiplicity of ailments4 ,every doctor is familiar with the alabaster babies1 flabby1 limp1 languid1 and painfully pallid1 who have never tasted their natural nutriment4 ,dr4 ,truby ,king records the interesting fact that the finest calf-skin1 known as ,paris ,calf1 is obtained from calves reared by their mothers1 in order to provide the finest veal for ,paris4 ,so supple and smooth-haired and superior is the skin of these mother-suckled creatures that dealers are able to distinguish it at once from the skin of calves that have been artificially fed4 ,about this1 ,mr4 ,horace ,g4 ,regnart kindly supplies me with the following significant data3 ,if we feed a calf1 'on the bucket1' the calf's coat loses its shine and becomes dull4 ,we say it is 'dead4' ,a couple of days is sufficient to deaden the coat4 ,and it takes three weeks or a month 'on a cow' to get the gloss back4 ,a quart of milk direct from the cow is as good as a gallon of milk out of a bucket4 ,we do not attempt to feed our female calves so well as we feed the bulls4 ,it is too costly4 ,our heifers are put on 'the bucket' when three days old4 ,i buy a cow to rear my bull-calves on4 ,i once reared a bull on 'the bucket' satisfactorily4 ,but ,i gave him twelve gallons of new milk every day after he was five months old1 and kept it up till he was fourteen months4 ,one cow that gives three gallons does a calf just as well as twelve gallons via the bucket1 and is much cheaper4 ,some crack bulls have three and four five-gallon cows at once1 and go to ,shows with all their nurses in attendance4 ,once ,i reared a bull as we rear the heifers4 ,but he was a failure4 ,his daughters are only half the size they ought to be4 7,an example of direct developmental inheritance--in terms of deterioration--from father to daughter47 ,,xiv ,comparing a calf with a human baby1 it becomes self-evident that the diet suited for the large1 crude creature which trots about on four legs shortly after birth must be wholly unsuited to the delicate digestion and the subtle psychological needs of the small and complex1 highly-organised human infant1 which remains so long a helpless infant4 ,the all-important proteid of every order of creature differs from that of every other4 ,before any form of alien proteid can be built into the body of a living organism1 the digestion and assimilation of this creature must first have laboriously disintegrated and reconstructed it to the form of its own individual proteid4 ,the ,irish tradition that persons not nursed during infancy by their mothers are beings without souls has much to justify it4 ,even the ill-nourished1 sickly babes of working-mothers have an essentially human look in eyes and features1 possess far more of nervous power1 and are of appreciably higher and more intelligent psychology than are the bottle-fed infants of the cultured4 ,the bottle-fed start handicapped for life1 both in constitution and mentality4 ,it is safe to say that all great men and women have been suckled by their mothers or have come of stock thus humanly nurtured4 ,that they were thus humanly nurtured during their momentous first nine months of life1 is the reason1 doubtless1 why so many of our greatest men have sprung from humble origin4 ,the incapacity of a mother to nourish the babe she has borne should be known for a mark of degeneracy--sign1 too1 that she was unfitted to have borne a child1 because deficient in the vital reserve requisite to carry her maternal function to its normal biological and psychological conclusion4 ,just as a statesman or a general would be held unfitted for his function1 if he should lack the physical and mental enterprise to complete his national undertakings4 ,that for the nine months preceding its birth the infant obtains its nourishment directly from its mother's blood1 and for nine months after birth it obtains this1 normally1 from her milk--her digestive processes having so assimilated the originally brute and vegetable proteids of her food that these are now human proteids1 and are ready1 therefore1 to be built into the infant's body with the least possible tax upon its own assimilative powers--proves a number of important facts4 ,first3 that an infant's digestive powers remain1 normally1 for nine months after birth1 in a more or less embryonic state2 slowly and gradually developing capacity to convert the products of the brute and vegetable kingdoms into forms suitable for building into its human organisation4 7,just as we see the digestive organs of the child progressively developing power to assimilate an adult dietary47 ,secondly3 that the infant's digestion remains thus undeveloped obviously in order that as little as possible of its vital power may be expended in the complex processes of assimilation1 all available vital-power being urgently required for its exhaustingly rapid brain- and body-building4 ,thirdly3 that where an artificial diet forces precocious development upon the infant-digestion--since all precocity is degeneracy1 all the organs concerned in digestion will be1 necessarily1 more or less structurally defective and functionally inefficient2 as a consequence of not having been permitted time and rest to develop slowly and stably over the normal allotted period4 7,proof is supplied by the premature development of teeth1 which occurs in artificially-fed babies some months before dentition is normally due4 ,and these teeth and those that succeed them are of such perishable structure that present-day children need perpetual dental repairs47 ,fourthly3 that such misapplication of vital resources for the premature development and abnormal functions of precocious digestive organs entails inevitably corresponding loss of vital power for general development4 ,fifthly--and by no means lastly1 but perhaps most important of all3 that since the infant-digestion is quite incapable of properly converting brute and vegetable-proteids into human proteid1 infants artificially fed must necessarily build into their brains and bodies lower-grade proteids--and proteids so imperfectly assimilated as to be something less than human1 and1 accordingly1 more or less brute or vegetable still in their inherences4 ,and since all living cells and tissues reproduce upon the plan of the parent-cells and tissues they were derived from1 it is clear that the abnormal cells and tissues constructed of these half-brute1 or half-vegetable proteids must be abnormal2 unstable and degenerate1 and prone to lapse readily to still further degrees of deterioration and disease4 ,hence a source of our neurotic1 neurasthenic1 adenoid-afflicted1 mentally-defective and otherwise diseased children4 ,hence too the increasing criminality--which is animality1 of course--that characterises a considerable proportion of the rising generation4 ,each further generation artificially fed in infancy can but deviate still further from the ,human ,normal1 becoming ever less human2 brain and body-cells reproducing themselves1 throughout life1 on the plan of their infant-construction of half-brute or half-vegetable proteids4 ,one sees the ox in the dull1 soulless eyes1 in the bovine flesh1 the stolid faces1 and in the crude animal natures of many modern little ones1 to whom calf-diet was fed before they had developed the digestive power of transforming this into substance highly vitalised enough for human brain and body-building4 ,and the less their systems have rebelled against and have rejected1 but1 on the contrary1 have conformed to and have thriven upon such brute-diet1 the cruder are their organisations4 ,of this order are the insensate child-monsters who win prizes at ,baby-shows4 ,to one who realises that1 of all the powers of ,woman1 the ability to nurse her babe is second in importance only to her first and vital function of producing it1 the cry and clamour and impassioned fallacy that have swirled around the trivial detail of her ,suffrage-disabilities show grotesque beside the human tragedy of her increasing biological disability and her increasing psychical aversion to fulfil this indispensable and sacred mother-office4 ,to despise which1 as being a function woman possesses in common with the humbler creatures1 is as narrow-sighted as it would be to scorn the genius of ,shakespeare because both dog and pig1 poor things6 possess brains4 ,moreover1 in forfeiting this maternal faculty1 woman reverts to the mode of those crude rudimentary species below the ,mammalia4 444 ,each mother's breast ,feeds a flower of blue1 beyond all blessing blest4 ,notwithstanding all this1 ,feminism1 in its grim materialism1 blind to the mystical beauty of ,life and the sacredness of ,individuality1 regards women mainly as parts of an economic machinery4 ,and to serve as such1 it standardises all in body1 mind and aptitude1 to economic ends2 the young and tender girls whose shaping frames are shaping to become the mystical looms of evolving ,humanity2 the young wives in whom love and marriage have set mysterious processes in motion2 the young pregnant mothers in whom the shuttle of ,life is already marvellously flying1 interweaving the luminous threads of a soul with a body of flesh4 ,nature made women ministrants of ,love and ,life1 for the creation of an ever more healthful and efficient1 a nobler and more joyous ,humanity4 ,feminism degrades them to the status of industrial mechanisms1 whereof the commercial products are the chiefest values1 and children no more than bye-products4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and what bye-products they are6 ,god help them6--,who alone can help them--this pathetic rubble of pallid1 sickly1 suffering1 and dejected infant- and child-,life2 the violet-hued babies1 with their dull eyes glazed by misery1 their leaden1 half-paralysed limbs2 the blind and crippled1 halt and deaf1 the imbecile and feeble-minded children1 apathetic1 neurasthenic1 joyless2 as too1 on the other hand1 the low-browed1 sturdy and soulless1 or the debased and evil--,all the generation of degeneracy which our deteriorate and enfeebled looms of womanhood are grinding out to-day4 ,though shut from sight and thought1 in the prisons1 hospitals and other institutions of our modern civilisations is an ever-swelling1 ever-rising1 further-menacing tide of diseased1 defective1 insane and criminal mankind1 product of ours and of those others' violations of ,natural ,law2 clogging the ,river of ,life1 choking the ,springs of ,evolution1 damming the current of ,progress4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,feminist ,,doctrine ,,and ,,practice ,,destructive ,,of ,,womanly ,,attributes1 ,,morale ,,and ,,progress ,a woman versed in that finest of all fine arts1 the beautifying of daily life4 ,i ,in ,woman and ,labour1 ,miss ,schreiner laments as follows1 picturesquely but speciously3 ,our spinning-wheels are all broken2 in a thousand huge buildings steam-driven looms1 guided by a few hundred thousands of hands 7often those of men7 produce the clothings of half the world2 and we dare no longer say1 proudly1 as of old1 that we and we alone clothe our peoples6 ,a scene is conjured of brute-men with clubs savagely attacking and destroying hapless women's innocent spinning-wheels1 as ,mrs4 ,arkwright ruthlessly destroyed her husband's cherished models4 ,yet who1 regarding the subject dispassionately1 sees cause for anything but gladness that modern woman has not still to spin the linen of her household and the garments of its members--for anything but thankfulness for that intelligent male-brain which carried the woman-invention of the needle to its higher adaptations in the weaving and the sewing-machine8 ,who can justly regret that the taking over by men1 in factories1 of wholesale brewings and bakings1 jam-makings1 and so forth1 has relieved the other sex of ceaseless drudgeries2 and in so relieving it of drudgeries of house-keeping has left it free to develop the higher and the more intellectual arts of home-making8 ,slowly but determinedly1 as the old fields of labour close up and are submerged behind us1 we demand entrance into the new1 ,miss ,schreiner affirms4 ,and to emphasise our determination1 the demand is printed in her book1 as ,i have reproduced it1 in ,italics4 ,losing sight altogether of the inestimable benefits to woman secured by the intervention of men between her and the hardest and the most debasing employments1 she further protests1 any attempt to divide the occupations in which male and female intellects and wills should be employed1 must be to attempt a purely artificial and arbitrary division4 ,our cry is1 ,we take all labour for our province6 ,nevertheless1 clever and intuitive woman as she is1 she confesses 7now the ,italics are mine71 ,it may be with sexes as with races1 the subtlest physical differences between them may have their fine mental correlatives4 ,and yet1 oh why1 having come upon so promising a vein of truth1 did she not follow it to its logical conclusions1 and find in it all the answers to her extremist demands1 and1 with these1 the refutations of her ,feminist plea and claims8 ,men and women are unlike not only in the subtlest physical differences which may have their fine mental correlatives4 ,they are unlike in the most obvious and basic facts of physical constitution and of biological function4 ,and these must inevitably entail mental and temperamental correlatives more intrinsic and farther reaching even than the subtler physical differences she recognises as being possibly modifying factors in psychical aptitude4 ,advocating soldiering even for the sex1 ,miss ,schreiner says3 444 ,undoubtedly1 it has not been only the peasant-girl of ,france1 who has carried latent and hid within her person the gifts that make the supreme general4 ,here is fallacy again4 ,joan of ,arc was1 beyond all things1 woman4 ,not the man in her1 but the woman in her1 and her ,supra-conscious womanly attributes it was which 7inspiring her by way of mystical voices and visions7 impelled her so to transcend her woman-nature that without knowledge of arts military or of strategic science1 as1 too1 without experience1 she was able1 by intuitive prescience1 to lead her compatriots to victory4 ,for the soldiers1 perceiving the ,light in her face1 followed in awed confidence whithersoever she led4 ,in earlier days of civilisation1 this intuitive and visionary faculty of woman was recognised and honoured4 ,,ii ,in ,the ,human ,woman1 ,lady ,grove presents a wholly contrary view to ,miss ,schreiner's4 ,with her1 woman suffers less in being shut out from the labour-market than in having been driven from the home4 ,the woman has been driven from her home into the labour-market4 ,the fact of #hb per cent4 of the women of this country working for their living is an ugly rebuff to the pretty platitudes about the home1 she says4 444 ,the stupendous mistake that has been made up to now is in supposing that it is men's judgment only that should decide questions1 and hence the hopeless state of unravelled misery existing in the world1 side by side with all the wealth and wonders of the age4 ,if we examine the conditions of the working-classes1 after years and years of male legislation1 what a hideous set of conditions we find4 ,intemperance1 bad-housing and the cruel struggle for existence among the poorer classes4 ,and yet we spend over ,l#bb1jjj1jjj annually on the education of these people4 ,surely there is something wrong somewhere4 ,what is it that we1 seeing this condition of things at our very door1 have1 as women1 to be so grateful for in male legislation8 ,the writer fails wholly to perceive that these factors she deplores as due to defective masculine legislation are effects less of faulty measures than of faulty ,humanity4 ,measures are the gauge of the men who frame them4 ,and men are very much the measure of the mothers who bore them4 ,those which she properly characterises as the hideous conditions of the working-classes1 intemperance1 bad-housing and the cruel struggle for existence are circumstances legislation cannot remedy unless the hearts of legislators are moved to do this1 and their hands are empowered1 moreover1 to do it1 by the collective will of those they represent4 ,except all are content to subordinate their personal interests to the general welfare1 and to improve their personal morale for their own and for the common good1 ,acts of ,parliament can do but little4 ,drunkenness can be penalised by legislation1 difficulties put in the way of obtaining drink4 ,but intemperance can be effectually stamped out only by individual men and women so rising to higher levels of thought and self-control as voluntarily to become sober2 or by men and women so improving in brain and constitution that the craving for drink--now recognised as a disease--no longer obsesses them4 ,acts of ,parliament may condemn insanitary and defective dwellings1 may compel landlords to repair them to degrees of decency and comfort2 may pull them down and build others in their stead4 ,but none of these measures will eradicate the bad housing of dirty and comfortless1 or of demoralised and demoralising homes4 ,the best house possible becomes bad housing for its occupants when the woman at the head of it fails to do her duty therein1 in consequence of industrial labour which leaves her neither time nor energy to make a clean1 well-ordered1 cosy and inspiring home of it2 or because her own idleness or ignorance1 her drunkenness or worthlessness1 results in her neglect of it4 ,human conditions1 like human measures1 result from the personalities1 good or bad1 capable or incapable1 of those who create them4 ,,iii ,the ,feminist's faith in the masculine prerogative of ,legislation1 as being a possible panacea--had she but part in it--for every ill beneath the sun1 is one of her gravest disqualifications for taking part therein4 ,legislators who are over-confident in the efficacy of ,the ,law express their over-confidence in terms of premature and unduly-coercive legislation4 ,procedure which1 more often than not1 frustrates the ends to which it was designed by the methods taken to secure these4 ,progress is personal1 moreover4 ,it is the sum of the advance of individuals4 ,legislation is the statutory formulation of public opinion2 it is not the source of this4 ,it merely crystallises public opinion4 ,but before crystallisation of thought 7as of chemical7 sets in1 saturation-point must first have been reached throughout the medium wherein it occurs4 ,were any other development required to show the utter inadequacy of ,legislation to attain its ends--when not reinforced by personal co-operation and initiative--this has been supplied in that latter-day demoralisation of young girls1 the consequences whereof will be vastly more baneful and farther-reaching in contributing to national decline than even that other dire factor of the flower of our virile youth struck down before its prime4 ,girls are fully protected by law to the age of sixteen4 ,yet many of the demoralised girls seen consorting freely with ,tommy or ,reggie1 according to their class1 are well below that age4 ,legislation is powerless1 however1 failing parental vigilance and co-operation to invoke its aid4 ,nevertheless1 with its characteristic blind confidence in the male prerogative of ,law1 ,feminism now advocates raising the age of consent to eighteen4 ,but to do this would no more protect the girl under eighteen than the existing law protects the girl under sixteen--or1 for that matter1 protects the girl of twelve4 ,law can do little or nothing unless1 as happens so seldom and happens too late1 parents requisition its assistance for menace or for punishment4 ,mothers themselves should see to it that their little daughters have neither temptation nor opportunity to consent to their own ruin4 ,,iv ,we saw lately a militant rising of women against men and their laws2 the object being to compel concessions from the male by way of violence4 ,and so short-sighted were the leaders of this ,movement that not only did they seek to prove their right to make laws1 by breaking them1 but they showed themselves ignorant of the first rudiments of combat by electing to fight the enemy with his own weapon--that weapon of ,force which is man's especial ,fitness and ,woman's ,unfitness4 ,woman's ,unfitnesses have prevailed1 it is true1 in the counsels of progress1 but1 obviously1 they have not prevailed1 nor can they ever prevail by being pitted directly against masculine strengths4 ,her way of supremacy is one by far more subtle and sublime4 ,the leaders of ,militancy seem never to have suspected1 moreover1 that while they were demanding to be liberated from all womanly privileges1 they were1 nevertheless1 waging their deplorable skirmishes from behind a strong wall of such privileges4 ,men who should have adopted such tactics would have received but short and scant shrift4 ,were the sex to be confronted1 indeed1 with that ,fair field and no favour6 for which some members of it are so clamorous1 these would find it a grievously different thing from the privilege they paint it4 ,marcel ,prevost has said that when men find women competing with them in fields of ,labour1 to degrees injurious to masculine interests1 they will turn and strike them in the face4 ,there are indications to the contrary1 however4 ,among decadent races and savages1 the emasculate sons of deteriorate mothers assert their masculine authority otherwise4 ,far from combating their women's right to work1 they force them to work--and to work in support of the males6 ,more and more every day1 civilised men1 indeed1 released by working-wives from their natural obligation to maintain the family1 are seen so to have lapsed from their sense of virile responsibility as to be coming further and further to shelve upon such working-wives the burden of the family support4 ,among the labouring and artisan classes1 the wife's contribution to the exchequer leaves the husband more money to spend on drink or on gambling2 or on both4 ,in superior classes1 too1 it leaves husbands with more money to spend on amusement--of one sort or another4 ,responsibility and effort are natural spurs to masculine development4 ,relieve the male of these and he degenerates4 ,as woman released from child-bearing and the duties entailed by the family1 degenerates rapidly4 ,we can no more improve on ,the ,plan than we can improve without each and every appointed factor of it4 ,v ,another disastrous blunder of ,feminism is to make for equal wage for men and women4 ,the higher wage of men springs1 economically1 from the fact that the industrial output of women is1 normally1 less than that of men4 ,but there is a deeper1 and a biological significance involved4 ,which is1 that men's greater output of work results from more of their energy of brain and body being available to them for work1 because far less of their vital power is locked-up in them for ,race-perpetuation and nurture4 ,there is the implication also that man being the natural breadwinner of the family1 his wage should suffice for its support4 ,a system of equal wages for the sexes would press as cruelly upon women as it would be disastrous to the ,race4 ,because it would compel woman1 despite the biological disabilities that handicap her economically1 to force her powers to masculine standards of work and output4 ,it would1 moreover1 by qualifying her to support the family1 serve as cogent excuse for her husband to shirk his bounden duty4 ,the crux of the demand for equal pay for equal work is that1 because of her natural lesser strength and endurance1 when a woman is doing work identical in nature and equal in quantum to that of a man1 it means that she is doing more than a woman's work1 and is overtaxing and injuring her constitution1 therefore2 or it means that he is doing less than a man's work1 and is slacking1 therefore4 ,a further important issue is that when rendered too easy by both husband and wife earning wage1 marriage is entered upon far too lightly1 and at too early and irresponsible ages1 than happens when the whole burden of support rests with the man4 ,moreover1 in such case masculine selection makes only too often for economic rather than for human values in the wife4 ,a man upon whom is to fall the whole tax of supporting the home and the family regards marriage more seriously1 and delays it until he is more mature of years and of settled position4 ,moreover1 he chooses more carefully4 ,and the ,race benefits proportionally4 ,in manufacturing towns1 with opportunity for both husband and wife earning wage1 boy-and-girl marriages1 feckless1 discordant homes1 and sickly degenerate1 neglected children are the rule4 ,that women should be paid for work they do1 a salary enabling them to live honestly and in comfort1 goes without saying4 ,economics should be adjusted on a far higher basis than that mainly of a competitive struggle which allows the employer to fix wages less according to the value of work done1 than by the number of persons at his mercy1 who1 in their eagerness to live1 will undersell their values and thus cheapen labour4 ,nevertheless economics have1 in a degree1 adapted to the evolutionary trend4 ,because1 in the main1 the more skilled and difficult tasks are more highly remunerated than the less skilled1 and are performed by the more fit4 ,and not only are these better qualified to expend such higher remuneration intelligently1 and with benefit to themselves and to the community1 but they are able to secure thereby those better conditions which are the due and the need of families higher in the scale of humanity1 and requiring1 therefore1 higher conditions of nurture4 ,the cases of colliers and of other rough-grade humans who earn wage beyond their mental calibre to expend intelligently1 show how an income too large for its possessor leads to coarse and demoralising extravagances1 rather than to personal happiness or elevation4 7,the like is true of many plutocrats47 ,war has shown us boys' lives wrecked by the same factor4 ,no greater fallacy exists than that of supposing progress to lie in freeing persons from all disabilities--poverty1 and other restrictive conditions4 ,wives should be legally entitled to a just proportion of their husband's income1 as a right1 not merely as dole4 ,this1 in recognition of their invaluable work in home-making1 and of their invaluable service to the ,state in producing and rearing worthy citizens for it4 ,,vi ,masculine legislation1 making all the while1 in the face of economic difficulties1 for the ever further release of women and children from the more laborious and debasing tasks1 has made compulsory1 in their own and in the interests of their unborn infants1 a month of respite for expectant mothers1 and a further month for mothers after delivery4 ,extending thus to these poor victims--beasts of the burden of toil1 and beasts of the burden of sex--a mercy and consideration wholly lacking in the ,feminist propaganda4 ,for this latter repudiates indignantly all need for concession or privilege to wifehood or to motherhood1 equally with womanhood4 ,to justify the claim for equality in all things1 women must be forced1 at all cost1 to identical standards of work and production4 ,to ask privileges and concessions would be to confess1 in the sex1 weaknesses and disabilities that must disqualify it from economic identity with the other4 ,far1 indeed1 from such vain-glorious and disastrous straining for equality1 the leaders of the ,woman's ,movement should1 before all else1 have demanded insistently still further industrial concessions and privileges for a sex handicapped for industry1 by ,nature4 ,first and foremost1 they should come into the open and boldly proclaim--what it is useless to deny1 indeed--that in the function of parenthood1 at all events1 men and women are wholly dissimilar4 ,they should reject outright all tinkerings and half-measures for relief of this great human disability1 whereof one sex only bears the stress and burden for the benefit of both1 and for survival of nations and races4 ,not only for the pitiful respite of a month before and a month after the birth of her child1 should the mother be prohibited from industrial labour4 ,by that time all the damage will have been done4 ,the power that should have been put into the evolution of her infant will have been put into the revolutions of a lathe4 ,the life-potential that should have gone to build its living bone and brain and muscle will have gone to feed the life of a machine4 ,the breath she will have drawn for it will have been contaminated by the dust and fumes of toil4 ,its poor nascent brain and faculties will have been dulled and depleted1 stupefied and vitiated by the stress and turmoil of its mother's labours4 ,only the dregs of the maternal powers will have been invested in the ,race4 ,the finest and most valuable will have gone to swell the balance-sheets of ,capital4 ,the trumpet-cry of ,the ,woman's ,movement should be1 indeed1 ,the ,absolute ,prohibition of young ,wives and ,mothers from all ,industrial and ,professional employment6 ,such a prohibition1 by lessening the competition of the labour-market1 and by thus increasing the value of labour 7which the flood of female industry inevitably cheapens7 would automatically so increase the wage of men as to make of these true living wage1 sufficient for the maintenance of home and family4 ,such a prohibition would1 moreover1 so diminish the competitive pressure among women as to make it possible for unmarried women1 the future wives and mothers1 as well as for the older spinsters and widows1 to select in every fitting trade and industry1 work suited to the lesser strength and endurance of the female brain and body4 ,,vii ,nothing has characterised the ,feminist ,movement throughout so much as lack of knowledge of human nature 7both masculine and feminine71 lack of prevision to foresee the trend of new developments1 lack of intuitive apprehension to gauge the issues of such trend4 ,its leaders have never suspected1 accordingly1 that1 in propaganda and in practice1 they have been tampering with a great biological ordinance2 and that1 in obliterating women's ,sex-characteristics1 they have been destroying that counterpoise of human powers and faculties whereon progress and permanence rest1 and that morale which is the inspiration of advance4 ,regarding their own masculine ,rationalism as the ideal and standard for all women1 they have believed it possible to shape all women successfully thereto4 ,nature is not to be thwarted1 however4 ,and when we destroy the balance of the ,normal1 abnormal developments--gravely mischievous and singularly difficult to deal with--crop up and require to be dealt with4 ,one may raise the familiar cry that some modern developments are due to our being in a transition stage4 ,but from that remote day when ,nature first evolved us as a race of amoebae1 further to evolve into the human species1 we have been always in transition stages4 ,normal transition upwards is so slow an impulse as to be well-nigh imperceptible1 however4 ,rapid change invariably betokens regression--descent being vastly easier and swifter in movement than ascent is4 ,deplorably mistaken has been a doctrine of ,emancipation which1 by disparaging the arts domestic1 has sent out young girls and women1 indiscriminately1 from the sphere domestic1 to de-sexing and demoralising work in factories and businesses2 and has engendered the race of stunted1 precocious1 bold-eyed1 cigarette-smoking1 free-living working-girls who fill our streets2 many tricked out like cocottes1 eyes roving after men1 impudence upon their tongues1 their poor brains vitiated by vulgar rag-times and cinema-scenes of vice and suggestiveness4 ,some of our working-girls are charming-looking1 pretty-mannered1 pure of thought and life1 of course4 ,a small minority--alas1 how small6--are normal of development and sound of constitution4 ,but these are not the average4 ,and it is the average with which a nation has to reckon4 ,emphatically1 men are not as women4 ,in body and in mind they are by nature rougher1 tougher1 and vastly less impressionable4 ,a regime that makes a boy will wreck a girl4 ,of more sensitive calibre1 she requires more kindly1 protective conditions1 moral and industrial1 than does he4 ,notwithstanding which1 little girls now run the streets and take their chances as they may--in capacities of over-burdened errand-girl1 telegraph-messenger1 and otherwise--at ages when their developing womanhood requires due care of nurture1 moral supervision1 and freedom from physical strain4 ,sedentary occupations are a natural need of their sex1 moreover1 as is indicated by the breadth and weight of the female pelvis and hips1 as too by the delicate adjustments of those important reproductive organs1 the future products whereof are of inestimably higher national values than are the industrial assets of these poor children's labour4 ,as ,girl-guides and so forth1 young girls parade our towns in meretricious 7albeit hideous7 uniform2 developing thereby that love of publicity and of unwholesome excitement to which the sex is prone4 ,small girls just fresh from school are even now employed in barbers' shops to shave men2 destroying thus in them1 at the outset of life1 that natural diffidence and reserve toward the other sex which are the first defences of womanly honour4 ,in demanding absolute emancipation1 industrial and personal1 ,feminists had no other thought but that such new liberty would have widened woman's scope for usefulness1 for happiness1 for self-development4 ,yet what has been the outcome of it all8 ,for one who has used her new freedom for the ends designed1 very many more have used it to their serious injury2 only too many to their moral downfall4 ,already everywhere such liberty has fast degenerated into licence4 ,our girls were no sooner emancipated by their mothers from the usually wholesome--if sometimes too severe--control of their fathers1 than straightway they have emancipated themselves from the indispensable maternal rule4 ,strict supervision and guidance in a world they are ignorant of--or if sophisticated are in far worse case--are essential to the well-being1 physical and moral1 of the young and immature4 ,young girls1 on first discovering their attraction for the other sex1 become intoxicated by the sense of their new dangerously-alluring power1 and lose their heads4 ,beyond all things1 they require at this phase a mother's strict and careful supervision1 with sympathy and firm control2 to tide them over their perilous phase1 and thus to preserve them from consequences of their ignorance or folly1 or from those of a pernicious bent4 ,nevertheless1 young girls of every class are granted now disastrous latitudes of thought and action4 ,the vigilant chaperonage indispensable to protect them from the biological impulses--which they mistake for love--of the careless or vicious young men to whom 7equally with the chivalrous and honourable7 modern mothers abandon their daughters1 has become a dead-letter4 ,the girl only just in her teens is free to play fast-and-loose with boys and men--as too with life1 before she has learned the merest rudiments of living4 ,all too soon she learns her lesson4 ,and becoming precociously sophisticated--only too often precociously vicious--her nature and future are wrecked at the outset4 ,because nothing wrecks a woman's disposition so effectually as sex-precocity does4 ,sex is the very pivot of her nature4 ,on this she swings up--or down4 ,and early habit decides her bent4 ,that many of these cigarette-smoking1 decadent young creatures are no worse than impudent1 feather-brained and misguided1 does not save the licence allowed them from being as harmful to physical as it is perilous to moral health2 nor from the experiences resulting from such licence wholly unfitting the majority for later wholesome restraint1 and for purer and fairer ideals of womanly conduct and living4 ,for much of this ,feminism is gravely to blame4 ,not only because it has led to the absorption of the mothers in outside pursuits1 as being of greater importance than the fulfilment of their maternal duties and responsibilities to their young daughters1 but because1 too1 the partial sterilisation of girls1 by masculine training and habits1 in robbing them of womanly qualities1 robs them of natural reserve and modesty1 and of the other more delicate instincts and aspirations of their sex4 ,significant1 truly1 of latter-day maternal neglect of young daughters was the disclosure by a doctor1 in a recent ,british ,medical ,journal1 that of a hundred men infected with venereal diseases1 more than seventy had contracted disease from amateur flappers4 ,yet as with a child badly burned by playing with fire1 we blame the mother or guardian who exposed it to danger of thus injuring itself for life1 so the mothers of these unfortunate girls were to blame for gross neglect of their duty to safeguard these young lives4 ,nature avenges her betrayed girls1 however4 ,for medical authority shows that these youthful unfortunates transmit disease in its most virulent and destructive forms4 ,it is as though all the vital potential of their developing womanhood is perverted to a malign poison1 charged with the forces of their blasted youth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,victorian1 who brought up her daughters to marry in ignorance of biological fact1 went to the other extreme4 ,but it was a far less harmful one than that in vogue to-day4 ,like that of the child1 the immature1 susceptible mind of a girl1 incapable of apprehending the sex-factor in its true perspective with the other factors of life1 becomes unduly dominated by consideration thereof when too early instructed4 ,she is far better left1 for so long as is practicable1 ignorant or hazy concerning this vital phenomenon1 in place of being fully informed1 as girls are now-a-days4 ,so that they know all that there is to be known about sex--except its seriousness and sacredness4 ,and divorced from the seriousness and sacredness of ,love and ,birth--which mere knowledge of biological fact is wholly inadequate to impart--such knowledge of fact presents a crude and bald distortion of the truth2 only too often imparting an ugly and demoralising warp to mind and conduct4 ,ignorance is not ,innocence1 'tis true1 but it serves the same purpose in safeguarding innocence that clothes do in safeguarding modesty4 ,and for one girl who falls in consequence of innocence1 twenty fall from sophistication4 ,unless masculine traits have been over-developed in her by abnormal training1 in which case 7as occurs sometimes in the quasi-masculine woman of middle-age7 sex-instinct may acquire an unnatural and quasi-masculine insistence1 this instinct is1 in the normal girl1 responsive rather than initiative4 7,wherein she differs diametrically from the male47 ,and such natural dormancy may be advantageously preserved by haziness of knowledge1 and by the careful surveillance required for protection of immature minds and powers4 ,the bald1 matter-of-course view-point of many modern girls with regard to sex1 their knowledge of vice1 and their cynical acceptance and discussion thereof1 as too of the vulgar intrigues of notorious dancers and peeresses1 to say nothing of the ugly and debasing personal experiences only too many of them have incurred1 are among the evils of the injurious licence at present accorded to young persons4 ,feminism1 having thrust such disastrous liberty on creatures as eager to grasp as they are unfitted to cope with the dangers thereof1 is striving now1 by way of women-patrols and police-women1 to stem the evil with one hand--while with the other1 it continues to open the flood-gates still wider4 ,the only way to stem the evil is to stem it at its source4 ,the home1 with the vigilant supervision and guidance of a mother whose duty is publicly recognised and her authority strengthened thereby1 whose time and faculties are devoted mainly to the making of home and to the safeguarding and disciplining of the young creatures she has brought into existence1 is environment and shelter as indispensable to the impressionable youth of both sexes--but more particularly to the impressionable youth of one--as it is for the rearing of infancy and childhood4 ,such home-influences1 reinforced by the strong hand of a father who likewise recognises his parental responsibilities1 are the first of all the rights that matter for young womanhood4 ,later1 should come a term of domestic service4 ,mistresses of households should realise not only their human but likewise their national responsibility to these young humbler members thereof4 ,no other public service possible to them would equally conduce to national progress4 ,as fathers are legally responsible for debts of sons under age1 mothers should be responsible to the ,state for the virtue of daughters under sixteen4 ,in the personal1 vastly more than in any other field of operation1 woman's chiefest value lies4 ,when she exchanges it for public functions1 and seeks to further progress by officialdom and politics1 by institution of women-patrols1 police-women1 ,mayoresses1 and so forth1 the supreme importance of the personal factor becomes impressed by the discovery of the utter inadequacy of any substitute to take its place4 ,if mothers did their duty1 there would be no need for us1 a woman-patrol stated recently4 ,by the time young women have reached such phases of demoralisation that their conduct in public demands the intervention of police-women1 it is too late to reform them1 moreover4 ,they will have lost the best promise and hope of their womanhood4 ,and so it is and must be ever all along the line4 ,the home and the family are the nursery of civic as they are of racial progress4 ,we regard it as proof of civilisation that ,law-,courts for ,children have been instituted4 ,yet what a blot it is1 in truth1 upon both parentage and parenthood that1 in our day of enlightenment1 such should have become necessary4 ,so have mother influences and maternal sense of responsibility declined1 however1 that mothers on all sides openly confess their utter lack of power to control boys and girls just in their 'teens4 ,,viii ,the fashion is to pity and deride the poor early ,victorian because she lacked the manifold and nerve-wracking outlets for that restlessness and boredom from which modern women suffer4 ,the poor ,victorian was a more harmonious1 better-balanced and more tranquil being1 however4 ,and she was far less cursed with nerves1 with feverish unrest and carking discontent1 than women are to-day4 ,mrs4 ,craigie observed that the ,victorian1 with her backboard and gentle accomplishments1 produced 7without the pusillanimous expedient of ,twilight ,sleep7 notably stronger1 finer1 and more clever children than do present-day over-educated or athletic women--athletic women1 whose muscles of arms and of legs have so sapped the powers of important internal muscles that most of them are incapable of bringing their infants into life without instrumental aid4 ,one does not1 for a moment1 counsel reversion to the type or to the methods of an earlier generation4 ,evolution and development must advance1 and are1 of course1 advancing satisfactorily in some stock4 ,but the ,victorian served her generation nobly1 producing splendid specimens of men and women1 and handing on a generous racial constitution--now being squandered recklessly1 alas6 by her descendants4 ,the tide of greater freedom1 of broader outlook1 and fuller effectiveness for woman has set in1 however4 ,albeit1 owing to ,feminist misapprehensions1 it is not only moving too rapidly but it is moving in a wrong direction2 because in direct opposition to biological law4 ,by their fruits ye shall know them4 ,and the ,victorian so preserved her woman-powers and attributes that she was an excellent and a contented wife1 and could bring into existence--without instrumental aid--a family of comely1 clever boys and girls2 nurse them all from eldest to youngest2 rear and discipline and put such stuff of health and sanity and enterprise into them as shames some flimsy1 feeble-minded1 characterless modern stock4 ,we have far to look to-day1 indeed1 for statesmen and soldiers1 poets and artists1 business and craftsmen1 and other such virile and talented personages as those early and pre-,victorian mothers endowed their epoch with4 ,and were further evidence needed that our great-grandmothers equalled our own women in the qualities we pride ourselves upon as triumphs of ,feminism1 the strength and courage1 the resource and fortitude those others showed throughout the stress and horrors of the ,indian ,mutiny are proof sufficient that1 beneath their gentler virtues1 lay the sterner fibre of nobility4 ,,ix ,to prove to what a third-grade power ,woman1 once so potent an inspiration of life1 has lapsed1 we need but go to ,the ,drama--reflex ever of its period4 ,consider ,shakespeare's women--subtly wise1 profoundly clever1 beautiful and gracious1 true and charming1 strong and tender1 chaste and gay2 warm with temperament1 crystal-sparkling with wit and parry6 ,and comparing these adorable beings with the posturing1 tricky1 intriguing1 slangy1 spotty creatures--neurotic unfaithful wives and erratic bachelor-daughters--of the modern stage1 the deplorable deterioration of our womanly ideals becomes patent4 ,women have sinned in every age1 but they have sinned in some ages picturesquely and pathetically1 because ,nature led them4 ,while the morbids and neurotics of our modern ,plays are for ever noisily turning out the dusty corners of their warped psychologies1 in order to discover some loose end of ,nature in them to condone their erotic eccentricities4 ,strange1 that ,twentieth-,century woman tolerates the mirror held to her in these abnormal and distasteful creatures6 ,the modern dramatist is handicapped in his art1 it is true1 by lack1 in our latter-day actresses1 of that personal charm and magnetism1 and the vital power to render the higher and subtler emotions and passions1 whereby the actresses of earlier days held audiences spell-bound4 ,politics and ,sports destroy alike the ,muses and the ,graces4 ,one who attempts to combine them with the delicate psychological arts and artistries of ,the ,drama is bound to failure--in her art1 at all events4 ,time was when the best men reverenced women as beings of more delicate calibre1 to be shielded from the rougher and grosser contacts of life4 ,chivalry forbade that they should have taken these to coarse exhibitions1 prize-fights and the like4 ,and to such restriction woman's purer instinct and her finer taste assented4 ,the male being practical and rational1 however1 since women themselves are changing all that1 he too is coming to believe that any and every thing is good enough for a sex which more and more repudiates its subtler quality4 ,that native delicacy which preserved her once from masculine habits of thought and indulgence1 taught man to realise woman as belonging1 by nature1 to a purer and daintier order4 7,howsoever inferior to himself in some other respects he may have held her47 ,it won his reverence and worship that these frailer and more exquisitely-constituted creatures should possess1 despite their exquisiteness1 such fine mettle of resistance in their softness as withstood the fire and urgence of the masculine siege2 that within their 7possibly7 ignorant little brains was light that flashed straight to intrinsic truths and right courses of action2 such intuitive apprehension of ,the ,good and ,the ,beautiful1 without experience of the base and ugly1 as taught them to distinguish clearly1 to select1 and to hold fast to the fairer in thought and in conduct4 ,to encounter in woman his own traits touched to higher1 subtler issues1 and transformed to novel and alluring quality by the charm and graces of another sex1 has made always an enchanting1 an inspiring1 and a baffling enigma of her--to endue woman for man with eternal values and impenetrable mystery4 ,for he has visioned in her--without formulating--the mystery of the ,human ,duality4 ,trembling in the delicate poise of her twofold being1 between the soft impressionable1 variable woman in her and the man of steel aesthetically sheathed within the velvet of her womanhood1 the play of her swift supple transitions1 the kaleidoscopic changes of her perpetual new combinations--giving ever fresh bewildering effects of colour1 light and mode--have made her infinite variety for him4 ,while her soft1 immediate adjustments to his own moods and needs have been his wonder and delight2 presenting to him all that there is in himself1 yet in modes impossible to himself4 ,all that he knows by acquaintance she knows by intuition--and in a fresh and fairer way4 ,all that he sees1 her eyes make him see again in new and more exquisite lights4 ,all that he thinks had been already in her woman-heart ere ever man began to think4 ,all that he loves she shows him a reason for loving--yet not by way of reason4 ,all that he craves with his soul1 her soul can confer4 ,all that his body and sense have desired1 her body and sense can bestow--,but with all the immeasurable differences and enhancements of her unlike sex4 ,away1 away6 cried ,jean ,paul ,richter1 apostrophising ,music1 thou speakest to me of things that in all my endless life ,i have not found1 and shall not find6 ,wagner said1 ,music is a ,woman4 ,dr4 ,havelock ,ellis1 himself a zealous ,feminist1 has said1 that1 in their ardour for emancipation1 women sometimes seem anxious to be emancipated from their sex4 ,while ,ellen ,key1 most impartial of critics1 observes3 ,but full of insight as they are into the ars amandi1 have modern women1 indeed1 learned how with all their soul1 all their strength1 and all their mind to love8 ,their mothers and grandmothers--on a much lower plane of woman's erotic idealism--knew of only one object2 that of making their husbands happy4444 ,but what watchful tenderness1 what dignified desire to please1 what fair gladness could not the finest of these spiritually-ignored women develop6 ,the new man lives in a dream of the new woman1 and she in a dream of the new man4 ,but when they actually find one another1 it frequently results that two highly-developed brains together analyse love2 or that two worn-out nervous systems fight out a disintegrating battle over love4444 ,of love's double heart-beat--the finding one's self1 and the forgetting one's self in another--the first is now considerably more advanced than the second4 ,the reason why the ,new man and the ,new woman1 having found one another1 find no more inspiration or sweetness each in the other than to fight out a disintegrating battle is because both are male of brain and bent--one normally so1 the other abnormally4 ,and when two males meet1 their nature is--to fight6 99 99 99 99 99 ,into every clause of this book must be read the many inspiring exceptions to be found among those modern men and women and children who are advancing normally along evolutionary lines4 ,such are so fine of type1 in body and in mind1 that they blind not a few to facts of racial deterioration4 ,we point to these and say3 ,one cannot speak with truth of the degeneracy of nations which produce such noble specimens6 ,these exceptions prove the principle ,i am endeavouring to impress1 however4 ,that were we to apply ourselves to correction of our biological and social errors1 we have with us stock of the noblest ,race conceivable1 and the noblest possible future for that ,race4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,dangerous ,,separation ,,of ,,women ,,into ,,two ,,orders3 ,,feminists ,,and ,,femininists ,every child comes with the message that ,god is not yet discouraged of ,man4 ,i ,since women possess native gifts of highly-differentiated faculties and aptitudes1 not only their greatest effectiveness1 but1 too1 their well-being and happiness lie in finding highly-specialised and selective application for these1 in ,life1 in ,art1 in ,science1 and in ,industry4 ,their role in every field of operation should be recognised as being wholly different from that of man1 however2 and their own natural view-points and special abilities should be fostered1 accordingly1 by suitable training2 in order to fit them for the special departments for which they are essentially suited4 ,the charming artistry and fancies1 spontaneous and full of delicate insight1 feeling1 and sense of line1 which a woman puts into her illustrations of a child's ,fairy-story1 are art as true1 for example1 and if less great of achievement1 are nevertheless as intrinsically valuable in ,the ,scheme of ,things as are the virile masterpieces of a ,michael ,angelo or ,turner4 ,few men attain the exquisite artistry in colour that even indifferent women-painters show4 ,it is an expression1 in mentality1 of the biological fact that the colour-sense is naturally so highly developed in woman that ,colour-blindness--comparatively common among men--is rare indeed in her4 ,on the other hand1 woman is inherently weak in drawing4 ,when she is trained1 however1 to draw with masculine strength and precision1 she loses her natural freedom and delicacy of touch1 her sensitive feeling for line1 her exquisite colour-sense1 her fertile fancy4 ,rosa ,bonheur's horses are as strong in drawing as they are baldly deficient in sentiment4 ,men have painted horses bolder still in line1 but nevertheless noble and beautiful in feeling4 ,the same is true of ,literature4 ,mrs4 ,browning would have been a great poet had she not taken her husband for model4 ,some of her delicate woman-fancies1 tricked out in ,robert ,browning's over-virile style1 are like charming women masquerading in fustian trousers4 ,george ,eliot1 too1 affected the masculine both in viewpoint and method--a bad habit which so grew upon her that her later novels are ponderous as political treatises1 and devoid of human interest4 ,far different1 ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,true to herself and to her sex1 she wrote and has written for all time--as those others did not--as a woman1 and as only a woman could have written4 ,jane ,austen1 likewise4 ,the woman point-of-view and method are regarded1 for the most part1 however1 as mark of the amateur--the model aimed at being the eternal masculine in mode and trend4 ,if the demand1 ,we take all labour for our province6 be safeguarded by recognising and differentiating the province into two distinct and separate--supplementary and complementary--departments1 for the respective labours of the two widely differing sexes1 the claim comes first within the range of reason and discretion4 ,as woman was the first doctor1 so she was the first artist4 ,man inherits from her not only his artistic faculty1 but he derives from her his faculty of creative inspiration4 ,applying his native intelligence1 his executive ability and power of sustained effort1 to this end1 he has so developed ,the ,arts as to have carried these to their modern realisations4 ,and though woman1 in her turn1 may learn of him1 it by no means follows that his standards or technique are best adapted to her modes of inspiration1 to her ideals or attainments4 ,trained along the lines of natural inherences1 and trained1 accordingly1 without injury or warp to health or faculty by straining after standards not their own1 women would not be disqualified1 as so many are now by avocational specialisation1 for wife and motherhood4 ,they would1 on the contrary1 be the better adapted4 ,and health and charm and emotion not having been sacrificed in them by de-sexing pursuits1 such would be eagerly sought4 ,thus ,racial advance would be secured by its wives and mothers having been drawn from the best orders of women2 the women naturally endowed with faculty and character2 self-reliant1 but unspoiled by abnormal training4 ,a number of latter-day women being unfitted1 alike by nature and by inclination1 for marriage1 two orders of the sex should be clearly distinguished and administered for2 as being wholly different types1 for whom wholly different creeds and employments are indicated4 ,those whose aims and talents incline them to public careers should be content with the lot to which they are best suited2 and content to accept the privileges thereof1 and the disabilities thereof4 ,they should not be greedy1 and demand1 at the same time1 the liberty of the free-lance and the privileges of the wife and the mother4 ,so with the wife and mother4 ,she1 for her part1 must forgo the liberty of the free-lance4 ,because1 with her privileges1 she has undertaken functions and duties which1 for their complete fulfilment1 demand her best powers and activities4 ,men who marry are similarly restricted4 ,the bachelor lacks the interests and happiness of the husband and father4 ,the husband and father lacks the personal liberty and the freedom from responsibility enjoyed by the bachelor4 ,it is women1 mainly1 who demand both the prerogatives of the married and of the unmarried states4 ,notwithstanding that it is wholly impossible for them to fulfil the functions of both1 because it is impossible for them to possess either the aptitudes or the energies for both4 ,in view of all that men have attained by devotion of their lives to the civilised achievements which now dignify existence and ennoble faculty1 when one sees women more clamorously confident in their bounden right to inherit lightly all that the other sex has so laboriously won than they are reverently grateful for the inestimable human privileges and the treasuries of ,art and ,mind-wealth available to them by way of these surrendered masculine lives1 it seems cause for indignation equal to that aroused by the phlegmatic calm wherewith most men accept as matter-of-course--instead of as matter for reverent gratitude--the gifts of ,life and ,faculty1 to evolve and to transmit which to them1 their mothers and all the generations of mothers before them surrendered their lives and their powers4 ,recognition of the intrinsic differences1 in trend and in function1 between the sexes1 should go far to dispel misconceptions and points of variance between them4 ,the prevailing notion that the one sex is a sort of muddled version of the other--and not a highly-specialised presentment of an invaluable order of qualities1 with inevitable shortcomings in the complementary order of qualities--is greatly to blame for sex-misapprehensions and antagonisms4 ,,ii ,feminists anticipate that ,war-experiences will further and finally eliminate all economic sex-distinctions1 by having supplied convincing object-lessons that their sex is able to do1 and to do efficiently1 all that the other sex can do4 ,far from object-lessons in the suitabilities1 however1 the experience has furnished terrible examples pointing the contrary way4 ,because although women have shown themselves both willing and efficient in these new capacities1 results have proved at what cost to themselves and to life they have done men's work4 ,apart from a deplorable deterioration in morale1 showing both in coarseness and in viciousness1 the blight of age which has swooped upon both young and old1 as direct consequence of the hardship and strain of masculine employments1 robbing them of youth and health and joy and beauty1 of repose and higher appeal1 and transforming them into the grim1 drab1 harassed spectres many have become1 should be warning enough1 in all conscience1 of whither ,feminism is leading us4 ,many of our young women have become so de-sexed and masculinised1 indeed1 and the neuter state so patent in them1 that the individual is described 7unkindly7 no longer as ,she but as ,it4 ,dire have been the disillusionment and bitterness among our fighting men1 upon returning to the homes and wives or loves they had long dreamed of--to find the wife or love a shattered wreck1 or a strenuous1 graceless1 half-male creature2 the home a place of nerve-racking unrest4 ,it is consoling to know that a number of those who have been de-sexed merely1 and not disabled1 will continue to find useful and contented outlet for their masculine developments in filling still the places of our fallen heroes4 ,cruelty lies in the fact1 however1 that the womanhood of many will have been wrecked quite needlessly2 by strain of superfluously strenuous drill and marchings1 scoutings1 signallings1 and other such vain and fruitless imitations of the male4 ,the greatest care should have been exercised to have selected the strong and able-bodied1 the older women and the women of the characteristic worker-type 7corresponding to the sterile female-worker of the bee-hive71 for the rougher and the more exhausting tasks4 ,the young wives and mothers and the young girls should have been rigorously excluded from such4 ,of all human prerogatives1 the greatest is that of being preserved1 by class1 by ability1 by means1 or by privilege1 from gravitating to levels of work that coarsen and debase2 or that1 at all events1 do not exercise and foster the development of higher tastes and faculty4 ,and this human privilege is1 in proportion to their degrees of civilisation1 accorded to women by all civilised peoples4 ,as men have stood between them and the perils of battle and shipwreck1 the slaying of wild beasts1 pioneering1 exploring1 and the like1 so they have stood between them and the coarsest1 ugliest1 and most debasing industrial functions4 ,nevertheless1 ,feminist anger at restriction whatsoever in the matter of employment ignores all cause for gratitude on the part of the sex1 that1 being at man's mercy as she is1 civilised woman is no longer 7as the woman of inferior civilisations is still7 a beast of heavy burden4 ,far otherwise1 indeed1 ,feminism aims at nothing so much as to repudiate her established privileges1 abolish all distinctions1 and to make woman once again that beast of burden the chivalry of man--at first instinctive1 later magnanimous--has progressively rescued her from being4 ,and yet the degree to which sex is defined in ,labour 7as in ,life7 is at the same time the gauge and the cause of human development4 ,wheresoever are found low intelligence1 crude morale and lack of progress1 there the women are employed in men's work4 ,wheresoever women are employed in men's work1 there are low intelligence1 crude morale and lack of progress4 ,thank ,heaven for the ,war6 ,feminists have said1 however1 because it has enabled our sex to prove its worth--by enabling us to quit ourselves like men4 ,the world knows now that women can conduct omnibuses1 drive ploughs1 clean stables1 kill chickens1 ring and slaughter pigs1 quite as well as men can4 ,it is as painful as it is amazing to find intelligent and cultured persons so blinded by the obsessions of their creed as to suppose that in ploughing and hoeing and making munitions1 women are doing finer and more valuable work than they had been doing previously2 that the woman bus-conductor is a more important person than the children's nurse2 that to drive a cab or clean a boiler is a nobler occupation than the teaching of music or the cleansing of clothes2 that to spread manure is more dignifying than to make beds2 to amputate the limbs of wounded soldiers is superior to the subtler1 far more difficult art of medically treating the complex ills of women and children4 ,that these other employments have been demanded by the times1 is undeniable2 as1 too1 that honour and credit are due to those who well and capably responded to the exigencies of the hour4 ,but this does not1 in the least degree1 lessen the illogic of the claim that such response to the cruder and less-civilised demands of ,war proved woman's value more than did the devotion and efficiency she was previously showing in the far more complex and progressive arts of ,peace4 ,the main value of her ,war-work was that it fitted the times4 ,but the times have been woefully out of joint6 ,,iii ,at a recent ,feminist ,meeting1 one of the leaders of ,militancy detailed to an audience of fierce-eyed1 sombre-visaged members of her own sex1 and sundry meek-browed persons of the other1 her latest exploits in the matters of arranging ,labour disputes and averting strikes of working-men2 of sending ,governmental male officials to the right-about1 and of disposing1 in general1 of masculine concerns4 ,the main issue of her story was lost sight of1 alike by herself and by her audience4 ,this was--or so it seemed to one among the latter3 ,what manner of men were these who required or tolerated it that a woman should take them thus in hand1 and1 as though they had been whipped children1 dispose of them and their men's affairs--between worker and employer1 between man and man8 ,what order of creature will be the sons and the grandsons of men ever further emasculated by every further generation of subjection by such masterful persons2 female-,dominants who arrogate the virile rights and prerogatives of their menkind2 their initiative and enterprise2 their capacity to think1 to speak1 to plan and to act for themselves8 ,the ,subjection of woman by man--,what was that evil compared with this other enormity3 the ,subjection of man by woman1 which is fast replacing it8 ,men who--saving under stress of ,war--permit women to usurp the functions and prerogatives of their natural domain1 in capacities of ,mayor1 of ,chairman of ,companies and so forth1 are1 frankly speaking--,muffs6 ,not of such sires were our great ,anglo-,saxon ,races gotten4 ,not such was it who have made ,england what she is6 ,and the ,england we look to will never be the ,england we look to--until such effeminate blood shall have been bred out of her sons4 ,the male becomes emasculate when women invade his domain4 ,and with the increasing ,hugger-mugger of the sexes1 it grows1 every day1 more and more difficult for men to escape into the bracing1 invigorating environment and moral of their own sex--a moral untempered by amenities due to the other1 and one indispensable to string them to the pitch of virile thought and action4 ,our sailors and soldiers and aviators are still men1 because woman has not so far invaded the ,navy1 the ,army1 or the ,air4 ,feminine invasion everywhere else--in schools and colleges1 in the arts1 in politics1 in commerce and in sports--is undoubtedly enfeebling the fibre of our manhood and the quality of masculine achievements4 ,man is a pioneer2 aggressive1 progressive1 ever breaking new ground2 conquering new territory and new forces of ,nature4 ,and this alike in politics1 in commerce1 and in other material affairs4 ,when he fails to pioneer1 reaching out to new horizons of thought and activity1 engineering new enterprises1 while at the same time strengthening and consolidating all he had already acquired--then the world1 in place of progressing1 regresses4 ,and for pioneering1 whether in political or in geographical regions1 woman's presence hampers him4 ,the less men are in a position to escape from the other sex1 the more they lose the impetus and characteristics of their own4 ,the like applies to women4 ,women who mix too much and too freely with men deteriorate signally in womanly values and quality4 ,both sexes benefit by segregation from the other1 in order to adapt--each to its own characteristic morale and moral4 ,neither sex is wholly unconstrained and candid when in company of the other--unless both are demoralised4 ,sex operates as a stimulant4 ,and to be always under influence of a stimulant is enervating4 ,on the other hand1 when1 from over-indulgence1 ,sex or any other stimulant ceases to release new inspiration and forces1 it is sign of a permanently enervated state4 ,or sex operates as a hypnotic4 ,and to be always under hypnotic influence is as destructive of individuality as it is fatal to achievement4 ,the sexes require to separate1 accordingly1 in order to derive fresh impulse on coming together again4 ,both work more seriously and sincerely1 more efficiently and more effectively1 apart2 taking counsel1 when need be1 one of the other4 ,the dilettante spirit and amenities of mixed companies1 destructive of thoroughness1 are greatly to blame for that decline of ,british commerce which has followed on the ,feminist invasion of business-houses4 ,significant of the trend is the fact that young and pretty and inefficient girls are selected for business positions1 as clerks and so forth1 while older women of experience and accredited ability are rejected summarily4 ,it is1 doubtless1 amusing and flattering to masculine employers to be surrounded by attractive youth of the opposite sex4 ,but it is conducive neither to commercial enterprise nor to achievement4 ,,iv ,because of the intrinsic variability underlying her duality of constitution1 the happy mean and balance 7difficult to all humans7 are especially difficult to woman4 ,man1 like herself1 is of dual constitution4 ,but he is more firmly1 because less finely1 poised between his two orders of ,traits4 ,she1 on the contrary1 tends to oscillate between the opposite extremes of her two-sided nature4 ,a bent which may be traced1 throughout history1 in the excesses1 in one or the other direction1 that have characterised the careers of many famous women-personages4 ,the ,ultra-,feminine extreme1 which results from lack of due balance of her woman-side by the masculine side of her1 and the ,mannish extreme1 occasioned by over-development of her masculine inherences1 may be regarded as1 respectively1 the ,scylla and ,charybdis--the rocks of the ,male-traits1 or the vortex of the ,female-traits--whereon1 equally1 may be wrecked the noblest characteristics and the highest values of the sex1 when it fails to steer clear1 in medias res1 of either4 ,in a number of women1 the ,feminist and the ,femininist 7,ultra-,feminine7 types alternate in the same person4 ,in place of being stably and permanently centred in the woman-side of them1 with the masculine to steady and intelligise1 such persons act and re-act1 in more or less violent pendulum-swing1 between their two orders of impulse4 ,thus we get women1 intellectual1 progressive1 strenuous1 engrossed for part of their time in serious1 perhaps in public avocations--and then plunging1 in violent recoil1 into social frivolities2 vanities1 dissipations1 pranks1 intrigues1 excesses4 ,men1 too1 act between extremes4 ,in far less degree1 however4 ,life demands from most of them over-accentuation and concentration of their male-abilities1 in physical and mental specialisations4 ,and in reaction1 they plunge into follies and vices4 ,but the more virile keep their heads1 and preserve a certain stability and conformity in their aberrations4 ,while effeminate men1 it is mainly who lapse into vicious excess4 ,since woman supplies the inspiration and the morale of life1 however1 and since her momentous function of motherhood empowers her to make or to mar the ,race whereof she is creatrix1 a nation has a greater claim upon its women1 and has1 at the same time1 more reason and more right to restrict their liberty of action1 and to direct their bent1 than it has in the case of its men4 ,its survival and its downfall tremble in the scales of ,life which woman holds4 ,to compensate her for such restriction and limitation of her scope1 obviously it owes her privileges1 personal and economic4 ,and a subconscious recognition of this fact has been1 doubtless1 the source of such privileges as she now enjoys4 ,there have always been1 as history shows1 women in whom1 from faulty heredity or culture1 or from stress of circumstance1 the ,male-traits have been abnormally developed2 virile-brained1 stout-hearted1 muscular chieftainesses1 chatelaines1 abbesses1 matrons2 or 7in less agreeable guise7 amazons1 shrews and viragoes4 ,but always such were recognised as being abnormal1 and for the most part as being repellant4 ,it was not sought to manufacture them4 ,it is only of late years that ,mannishness has become a serious ,cult4 ,and now a dangerous thing has happened4 ,because where formerly symptoms of ,feminism attacked individuals only--and these mainly the mature and eccentric--now the young and the normal are being indoctrinated wholesale4 ,young girls taken during the malleable phases of growth and development1 and forcibly shaped to masculine modes1 become more or less irretrievably male of trait and bent2 losing all power to recover the womanly normal4 ,while on the other hand1 there are assembling to-day1 in an opposite ever-increasing and menacing camp1 those others for whom ,feminism1 with its extremist1 exacting1 self-reliant codes and modes1 has no appeal2 the pretty mindless1 the idle frivolous1 the pleasure-seeker1 the freakish and the conscienceless--in a word1 the ,ultra-,feminines2 in whom the woman-failings are unfortunately more conspicuous than are the woman-virtues4 ,between these two extremes stand 7and stand so far in gratifying number7 the natural1 admirably-balanced1 noble and invaluable ,moderates--normal women content to be normal women1 and to fulfil the destined role of such4 ,and these are the saving grace of nations4 ,apart from these1 the sex is ever further and more dangerously separating into the two extremist camps2 the ,mannish and strenuous1 and the ,over-,feminised and purposeless1 more or less idle and frivolous1 selfishly absorbed in clothes1 in luxury and pleasures2 exacting masculine tribute in mind and kind1 with but little return in affection or ministry4 ,in place1 accordingly1 of that fine normal poise of the ,contrasting ,man and ,woman-,traits--which is the way of ,evolution and of ,progress--there is being substituted in the sex this degenerative segregation of its ,traits in two wholly opposite1 and equally lopsided types4 ,and of these1 the purposeful and strenuous1 all the while making for masculine standards1 are all the while further discarding the beauty1 the emotions1 the delicacy and morale of true woman2 while the mindless and vain1 the attractive and charming1 are more and more divorcing themselves from purpose1 from seriousness1 from noble endeavour and usefulness4 ,and since rights accorded to women are shared by all1 every new privilege ,feminists win for the sex in the sweat of their assiduous brows--liberty1 latchkeys and general latitude--the ,ultra-,feminines snatch1 and apply to frivolous and profitless1 or to demoralising ends2 licence1 extravagances1 vices4 ,the ,ultra-,feminine1 for the most part shallow and mindless 7although many clever women belong to this order71 absorbed in complacent culture of her oftentimes alluring personality1 enhancing it1 attiring it1 developing its charm and graces1 eager of homage and of tribute1 is example of that ,parasitism ,miss ,schreiner condemns in the sex2 example of qualities normally making for beauty1 but from loss of balance1 owing to warp1 hereditary or of misdirection1 morbidly feeding upon themselves4 ,this ,parasitism is seen in its worst guise in the vast armies of prostitutes1 who in every clime and epoch ravage the fair fruits of human life and achievement4 ,against this ,parasitism in herself1 self-absorbing1 self-indulgent1 enervating--defect of her reposefulness1 of her aestheticism and vital self-consciousness--every woman needs to be upon her guard2 to repress with firmness the smooth easy lapse it prompts toward sloth and pleasure2 to exorcise the soft dry-rot of it1 by power of aspiration and by prayer of ministry4 7,for noble truth it is that ,laborare est orare47 ,the ,woman's ,movement did good service for the sex in the early chapters of its history1 when it made for due education of woman's higher masculine inherences2 intelligence1 application1 self-reliance2 as also in finding further fields of usefulness and self-expression for her4 ,but unfortunately in the later chapters1 over-cultivation of these traits has increasingly annulled and extinguished her own4 ,and this with the unforeseen1 disquieting resultant that a compensatory movement has set in apace among that other faction of the sex4 ,so that the more mannish the ,feminists become in mode and aim1 the more womanish become the ,effeminates4 ,thus1 albeit sincerely despising and decrying this1 ,feminism has nevertheless indirectly fostered the growth of ,effeminacy4 ,while1 by supplying it with ever further liberty and scope for the indulgence of its freaks and failings1 ,feminist propaganda has directly played into its hands4 ,motherhood strikes deeper roots of attribute even in the ,ultra-,feminine2 brings thin streams of altruism to her neurasthenic breasts4 ,in her children she forgets clothes1 grows less greedy of masculine tribute1 forgoes pleasures and excitements that had been the breath of life to her4 ,the increasing emancipation of the sex from home-functions and from womanly and mother-duties1 however--claimed and obtained with a view to further economic scope and application of its powers--has been exultantly hailed and exploited by the ,ultra-,feminines for ever further indulgence of and wider range of action for their dangerous defects4 ,and ,feminism will find--and this soon to its dismay--that the battle it has waged against the other sex has been as nothing to the battle it has yet to wage against its own1 in the person of the ,eternal ,effeminate2 idle1 luxurious1 parasitic and effete1 who1 with her brood1 engenders the dry-rot which crumbles mighty civilisations1 or topples them in ,revolution4 ,v ,of the two camps1 the vast majority of masculines will always seek their loves and wives among the ,ultra-,feminines2 frail and erratic1 but attractive and more or less womanly4 ,so long as men are men1 the feminine graces1 even in their spurious forms of ,effeminacy1 will possess more vital appeal for them than do the intelligences and utilities4 ,the ,feminist camp1 further and further commandeering the intelligent and self-reliant1 the worthy and purposeful of the sex1 while more and more discarding the charms and the softness thereof1 will be further and further deserted by men4 ,and of the happy mean--the well-balanced woman1 at once tender and intelligent1 devoted and charming--there will be ever fewer available4 ,what then is the future1 biological and sociological1 of ,races whose wives and mothers will have been drawn mainly from the shallow-brained and shallow-hearted1 from the less dutiful1 the less high and right-minded8 ,to say nothing of the less constitutionally-sound1 the ,ultra-,feminine being1 for the most part1 a neurotic8 ,the great majority of such will decline part1 indeed1 in functions so dull and distasteful as the mothering and rearing of children4 ,the ,feminist wife1 with her intelligent grip of economics and her stern sense of citizen-duty1 would fulfil her racial function 7in accordance with ,malthusius7 during intervals of more absorbing and strenuous activities4 ,but when once the novelty--which gives a certain piquancy for some men to a mannishness some women are able to wear quite prettily and attractively in early youth--shall have worn away1 the poor ,feminist's chances of marriage will be few1 indeed2 save with men-weaklings1 requiring the virile support of a strong-minded1 muscular wife4 ,the ,feminist makes a far more honest and reliable1 sincere and helpful1 mate than does the ,ultra-,feminine4 ,but men prefer the latter4 ,male characteristics are to be found among their male acquaintance4 ,and it is not a normal1 nor is it a wholesome instinct in a man1 to seek in sex the traits of his own4 ,in the cult of ,mannishness1 woman loses her strongest1 her noblest and tenderest appeal for true men--the appeal of her womanhood4 ,and losing it1 she abandons the male to the toils of the enemy camp2 to those whose womanishness partakes1 at all events1 of the attributes of a sex complementary and supplementary to his own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,unhappy wights6 ,how ,nature has handicapped them--in order to spur them to their virile part of founding and providing for the family6 ,,vi ,as innocent of misappropriating that which is ,caesar's as they are ignorant of the biological verities1 some ,women-leaders and ,prime-movers in ,feminism exact and exult in the warm young1 zealous adulation and hero-worship of their followers2 never suspecting that such tribute is rendered1 in fact1 to the male in them4 ,both they and their votaries believe themselves loyal and thrall to their finger-tips to ,woman and ,the ,woman-,cause4 ,whereas they are1 in reality1 hero-worshipping1 on the one hand1 the ,male in their ,cult1 and on the other1 the ,masculine traits of its female exponents4 ,against man himself and the ,maleness that is his by natural right1 many are filled with hottest distrust and aversion4 ,yet while sex-antagonism is thus strong in them in fealty to their creed1 ,nature is strong in them too4 ,and with gentle irony she exacts their homage for the traits of the foe--masquerading in guise of a female6 ,heroes to worship1 every naturally-constituted woman craves4 ,and it is the hero--far less than it is the heroine--in the ,feminist leaders1 their qualities of fight and masterfulness1 of virile brain and concrete enterprise1 which evoke their adherents' devotion and tribute4 ,some ,feminist leaders bid1 indeed1 as strenuously for and claim as jealously the undivided loyalty and subjection of their flock as ever ,tyrant-,man demanded of the sex4 ,in schools and colleges too1 the girls make gods and heroes of those of their sex who excel in manly sports4 ,they have never a suspicion that their gods and heroes are not goddesses and heroines4 ,similars being unattractive to one another1 the exposition of woman-traits leaves woman more or less unmoved4 ,as ,nature destined1 the woman-heart goes out to those virtues and valours which are the natural complement of her own4 ,this latter-day vogue is not a normal1 nor a pretty development4 ,but it is another of the inevitable consequences of disturbing ,nature's balances4 ,nature's plan and her methods of administration are so perfect that when left to herself she preserves her equilibrium and secures her aims by the safest and1 at the same time1 by the simplest expedients4 ,when man destroys the hawks which1 normally1 reduce the smaller fry of birds to their allotted quotum in the ,scheme of ,things1 however1 the smaller fry multiply inordinately and devour his cherries and his corn4 ,and when he destroys the smaller fry1 the slugs and grubs and aphides multiply and devour his lettuces and roses4 ,so it is with ,human traits and faculties4 ,the balance of ,the ,normal is the way alone of health and happiness and progress4 ,there is great boast now-a-days of friendship and comradeship between the sexes4 ,yet though friendship and comradeship are good allies of love1 they are but sterile1 uninspiring substitutes for the profounder1 higher1 vital and undying emotions of the true love-passion4 ,on the other hand1 attachments between men and men1 and between women and women1 are strengthening and intensifying2 absorbing the emotion and devotion formerly and normally bestowed on members of the opposite sex4 ,while attraction between persons of opposite sex becomes ever lighter and triter in sentiment2 serving more and more for brief distraction and provocative pastime rather than for a living and abiding bond4 ,this misplaced affection for members of the same sex arises from the attraction of traits of the opposite sex unduly developed in them4 ,while indifference to members of the opposite sex results from lack in these of the characteristics of their sex1 normally accentuated4 ,thus a woman is more drawn to one of her own sex possessing virile characteristics1 physical or mental1 than she is drawn to a weak-brained1 emasculate man4 ,masculine women are attracted likewise by the womanly graces and quality of feminine women4 ,while men find in some members of their own sex1 feminine traits of sympathy and sentiment absent in women of male-proclivity4 ,all is an expression of the law of the ,attraction of ,opposites1 which 7normally7 causes persons of opposite sex to be strongly drawn to one another4 ,on the other hand1 the development in himself1 or in herself1 of the characteristics of the opposite sex makes members of either sex independent of and indifferent to members of the other1 by supplying them with a spurious counterfeit of qualities it is natural to seek in those others4 ,,vii ,professor ,drummond1 from whom ,i quote frequently1 as being one of those biologists on the side of the angels1 writes thus beautifully3 ,sex is a paradox2 it is that which separates in order to unite4444 ,there is no instance in ,nature of ,division of ,labour being brought to such extreme specialisation4 ,the two sexes were not only set apart to perform different halves of the same function1 but each so entirely lost the power of performing the whole function that even with so great a thing at stake as the continuance of the species one could not discharge it4 ,it is important to notice this absence of necessity for ,sex having been created--the absence of any known necessity1 from the merely physiological standpoint4 ,is it inconceivable that ,nature should sometimes do things with an ulterior object1 an ethical one1 for instance8 ,to no one with any acquaintance with ,nature's ways1 will it be possible to conceive of such a purpose as the sole purpose4 ,had ,sex done nothing more than make an interesting world1 the debt of ,evolution to ,reproduction had been incalculable4444 ,what exactly ,maleness is1 and what ,femaleness1 has been one of the problems of the world4 ,at least five hundred theories of their origin are already in the field1 but the solution seems to have baffled every approach4 ,sex has remained almost to the present hour an ultimate mystery of creation4444 ,the contribution of each to the evolution of the human race is special and unique4 ,to the man has been mainly assigned the fulfilment of the first great function--the ,struggle for ,life4 ,woman1 whose higher contribution has not yet been named1 is the chosen instrument for carrying on the ,struggle for the ,life of ,others4 ,that task1 translated into one great word is ,maternity--which is nothing but the ,struggle for the ,life of ,others transfigured1 transferred to the moral sphere4 ,focused in a single human being1 this function1 as we rise in history1 slowly begins to be accompanied by those heaven-born psychical states which transform the femaleness of the older order into the ,motherhood of the ,new4 ,out of the misconception of ,sex as having no other purpose or significance than that of reproduction merely1 there has arisen the further misconception that1 lacking other purpose or significance1 the sex-characteristics of ,woman may be obliterated in her not only without injury1 but with benefit to her2 as being superfluous and hampering impedimenta merely1 when reproductive issues are beside the question4 ,yet since ,faculty lapses first in its latest and highest developments1 sex-deterioration manifests most in the higher mental and moral ,sex-characteristics4 ,one result1 therefore1 of not fostering1 by culture and by avocation1 sex-specialisations upon planes of mind and aptitude1 is that1 while lapsing in its higher functions1 ,sex remains operative still upon the physical plane1 and functions crudely--perhaps viciously thereon4 ,just as intelligence becomes dense and degraded when its finer qualities are not exercised1 and their development thus raised to finer issues4 ,moreover1 by denying to ,sex and to the rites of love any but parental issues1 the individual1 emotional and spiritual issues of the human union are ignored2 a limitation all the more dishonouring1 because of the present-day misconception of parenthood as being a purely physical1 and1 accordingly1 an inferior function4 ,there is not1 of course1 in all the complex marvel of human metabolism1 such an anomaly as a purely physical function4 ,digestion even is far1 indeed1 from being such1 since by way of this a slice of bread is transformed into living personality1 living thought and impulse1 living action4 ,sex is manifestly a ,spiritual and an ,eternal ,principle4 ,because1 by way of its essential dual differentiations and intensifying operations1 ,matter becomes endued not only with ,life and ,faculty1 but1 having become ,living ,matter1 it becomes endued1 by power of reproduction1 with the potential of eternal ,life and ,faculty4 ,even more1 it becomes endued with the potential of the eternal unfoldment of ever-further intensifying ,life and ,faculty4 ,sex is1 in truth1 for both genders1 such a convergence of every characteristic--physical1 mental and emotional--in a highly specialised focus1 that the whole outlook upon life becomes highly specialised and intensified thereby2 every impression and experience becoming instinct and charged with intrinsic meanings1 vividness and colour4 ,and this apart wholly from relation to the other sex4 ,although1 of course1 the focus and intensity of the traits of the one sex are accentuated in vividness and richness1 in response to the complementary traits of the other4 ,it is ,sex that energises men to be great2 great leaders of men1 great writers1 great statesmen1 great soldiers1 great sailors1 explorers--great sinners and great saints4 ,sex it is makes women great also2 great mates for great men1 great mothers1 writers1 ministers to poor ,humanity--great saints4 ,the mystery of ,sex is1 surely1 ,master-key to all the other mysteries of the ,cosmos4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,viii ,in aiming at ,hermaphrodism1 ,feminism is contriving not only at frustration of all that ,evolution has achieved in ,life and ,faculty1 but it is making for the extinction of ,life itself4 ,the ,hermaphrodite is incapable of parenthood4 ,and in the degree to which members of either sex lapse toward ,neuterdom1 in body or in mind1 they become incapable of transmitting to offspring all those higher developments of form and faculty which are1 essentially1 ,sex-differentiations4 ,the present-day decline in parental impulse and affection1 which shows1 among other signs1 in ever-decreasing ,birth-rates1 is a symptom of temperamental ,neuterdom2 evidence alike of ,sex-decline1 and1 in this1 of decline of that vital energy and spiritual impulse whereof ,sex is the manifestation4 ,such trend toward ,race-suicide denotes1 in the ,race1 that same neurasthenia and pusillanimity1 which1 in the individual1 impel him to personal suicide4 ,latter-day marriage1 greedily grasping all that ,life and ,love bestow while grudging any due to ,life and ,love1 is not true ,marriage--but is sacrilege4 ,between this and the mating of true men and women1 who1 in gratitude for ,love1 pay tribute joyfully to ,life in lives to follow after them1 is all the vital difference1 in impulse and emotion1 between the ,ship of ,love--with its mysterious freight--immured within a narrow lock whereof the gate to the ,beyond is sealed1 and the ,ship of ,love launched free upon the open sea of ,human ,destiny--a ,shining sea of ,faith and ,hope1 which tides beyond the narrow mortal gateway toward a ,great ,unknown2 ,remote1 ,illimitable1 ,veiled in ,everlasting ,silence4 ,this ship fares forth upon its voyage of ,mystery1 beatified by full surrender of all lesser issues to that sacred one of the ,eternal ,human--a surrender which endues true marriage with tenderness and awe and beauty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,do we not pitch our songs too low1 ,o sweet--my ,singers8 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,impending ,,subjection ,,of ,,man ,the ,earth never tires4444 ,nature is rude and incomprehensible at first2 ,be not discouraged1 keep on1 there are divine things well envelop'd2 ,i swear to you there are ,divine ,things more beautiful than words can tell4 ,walt ,whitman4 ,i ,in the long and painful history of man's more or less total failure to value and to honour woman for her greatest1 her most vital and self-sacrificing part in human affairs1 none has approached in obliquity his recent deplorable blunder of awarding her the suffrage and the right to sit in ,parliament1 as recognition of her ,war-services4 ,all the long ages of ,mother-surrender1 of quiet heroism and attainment1 all the best1 beautiful years of women's lives which the burden and sickness1 the weariness1 danger and anguish have devoured down the centuries1 while the mothers were giving themselves to be the nation's bone and blood and brain1 to nourish1 cherish1 and upbring it--,all were passed over without word or sign4 ,not for her long ages of devoted duty to the nation's sick and helpless1 for rearing and safeguarding its priceless infant and child-life1 for administering its homes--fashioning1 cleansing1 beautifying1 contriving1 making the utmost of its means and ends--,not for her inestimable services as man's good comrade and wise counseller1 his love and friend and faithful help1 in sorrow1 evil and adversity2 not even for her age-long1 arduous labours and achievements in ,religion1 ,charity1 ,reform4 ,for none of these1 her great intrinsic and eternal ministries to ,life and to ,humanity1 has man now set her by him in the ,van of ,things4 ,but for filling shells and felling trees1 for turning lathes and driving motors1 ploughing fields and lighting street-lamps--all valuable duties1 it is true1 in the crisis we have passed through1 and indispensable to carrying on the nation's business4 ,yet what a drop from the supreme and tender to the trite and banal1 from the vital and essential to the merely incidental1 is seen in this belated recompense4 ,not woman1 ,generatrix of ,humanity and inspiration of all that is fairest in ,humanity1 has been now honoured--but woman the bus-conductor1 ticket-clipper1 clerk and agricultural labourer1 woman in breeches and workman's overall1 woman whom ,german frightfulness had dislocated for a space from her high lot and labours2 twisting her powers awry to fit a hideous revulsion of barbarism4 ,how1 if the gods ever laugh at the fantastic tricks of poor mankind1 they must now have laughed 7or wept7 over the opportunity that one sex had--and forfeited--to requite the other's finest merit4 ,how deeply-moving and far-reaching in its impulse and its inspiration would have been the tribute1 had it been made in reverent gratitude to the mothers-of-men who had saved the world by mothering the men who saved the ,empire--,for achievement stamped with the high and unique quality of service that woman alone could have rendered4 ,and not because1 when tested by men's standards1 she proved herself a worthy second-best in doing things that men have always done4 ,the gods must long have wept1 ,i think1 that men had thought so lightly of the women living every day beside them1 surrendering their lives and powers1 their interests1 desires and individuation2 toiling over cooking-pans and wash-tubs1 tied for years to children's cots1 for life to some or another person's sick-bed2 smothering talents1 impulse1 hopes1 impatiences1 to find the soft and simple word2 solacing1 inspiring1 making-believe above an aching spirit and a breaking heart that all was fair and well with the world4 ,and1 moreover1 in every generation making these beautiful fictions ever a fraction more truth and less fiction4 ,for the gods alone know how that kindlier1 purer and more tender ,home-environment which women have created in men's stony-hearted cities involves the most laborious1 heart-wearing1 complex and widest exercise of faculty of any human task4 ,women themselves had long been tiring of it2 stung to the soul and mortified by centuries of man's ingratitude--when not contempt4 ,nevertheless1 where love and duty did not1 chains of custom and tradition bound them faithful to their oars4 ,till ,german ,frightfulness releasing them1 the cry is now3 ,since you can do something better and more profitable than merely to row the old ,galley of ,life--since you can do men's work1 forsooth1 come out into the market-place and help us pay our big ,war-,bill6 ,and yet--,whither will drift the ,galley of ,life when its rowers put their strength elsewhere8 ,,ii ,in the haze of false sentiment exaggerating--not the value of masculine work done by the sex during ,war1 because this was1 of course1 invaluable and indispensable1 but exaggerating1 absolutely1 the values of this work as compared with the woman's work it had been doing previously1 the decision to admit women to ,parliament was a precipitate and an ill-considered measure1 by no means innocent of party motive4 ,threatening1 as it does1 a drastic sweep of all political1 economic and every other difference between the standards1 training1 and employment of the sexes1 it was pressed forward1 nevertheless1 not only with characteristic masculine failure to recognise the vital significance of the other sex in ,human ,things1 but in utter blindness to social and racial consequences1 immediate and remote1 which make it possibly the most momentous decision ever arrived at in the history of human progress4 ,showing how little it was known for the turning-point in our great destiny1 the question was debated with unseemly levity1 while less than half the parliamentary members troubled 7or had hardihood7 to record their votes2 the abstention of the others proving which way blew the straws of their faint wills4 ,and of those voting in favour1 half1 perhaps1 did so 7as some confessed7 under intimidation of otherwise losing their seats4 7,what would be said of the soldier who should turn his back upon the enemy for fear of losing life even87 ,no more than twenty-five found courage to say their ,no's like honest gentleman4 ,yet far from ,enfranchisement having been a burning need blazing in the hearts of women1 their newly-awarded vote required to be spurred and whipped out of all but a small minority4 ,or coaxed from them by abandoning appeal on all the wider issues of ,imperial and national policy1 and1 in so far as their interest was sought1 by reducing the programme to personal and domestic issues--electric lighting in their parlours1 hot-water taps in their kitchens1 and so forth4 ,and here was seen1 at once1 the threat of a grave and an increasing diversion from that purely political outlook of men1 which should be impersonal in issue1 broad in enterprise4 ,not that the human and domestic side is a whit less momentous than the more abstract and national4 ,but appealing to a different order of mind1 it demands that different order of mind which characterises the woman-sex1 to deal with it effectively4 ,the plea that women will acquire in time the masculine political view-point threatens1 on the other hand1 the loss in them of their own highly-specialised and invaluable interests1 morale and qualities2 which1 being womanly of impulse and of trend1 make for the individual welfare1 happiness and elevation of the nation's members4 ,,iii ,as with every other human function1 there are two departments of politics4 ,and the ,house of ,commons represents man's4 ,it stands for all that is best accomplished politically by his highly-specialised order of brain2 by his concrete energy and initiative1 his justice and rationalism1 his power of administration1 and his uncompromising sternness--pitilessness1 if need be--to deal with and to punish crime and aggression1 national and international4 ,it stands1 in a word1 for that virile outlook and the virile grip in ,statesmanship which are indispensable to materialise a people's prosperity and to pioneer its progress4 ,these are the functions of men4 ,just as the ,army and ,navy1 ,science and ,commerce1 are the functions of men4 ,because the male bent and intellect are those best fitted to raise these developments to their highest and most effective issues1 just as the male physique and energy are best fitted to achieve these issues in material results4 ,had anything been needed to emphasise the values of such virile characteristics in the administration of a nation's policy1 the ,war furnished it4 ,and the many blunders and vacillations marring the conduct of the ,war emphasised the lack of these invaluable masculine qualities in the concurrent ,house of ,commons4 ,army1 ,navy1 and ,air-,services proved their manhood doughtily in their respective provinces4 ,had they been supplemented by an equally virile ,statesmanship1 the ,war1 having begun1 would have been brought to a speedy termination4 ,in point of fact1 it would never have begun4 ,if now1 our ,british politics are already so lacking in the manly ability and grip indispensable to national permanence and progress1 the presence of women in ,parliament can but further emasculate these4 ,it may be said that some women outside the ,house are more male of mind and mode 7not to speak of muscle7 than are some men inside4 ,but this is reason1 surely1 for replacing these weak males by stronger ones1 rather than for adulterating ,british statesmanship with ,femaleness4 ,the presence of a masculine woman in a house--whether this be writ with a small or a capital letter--far from stiffening the manly calibre of weak men in it1 only further enervates and paralyses them4 ,to serve on a committee of mixed sex is to realise this4 ,women should be represented in the counsels of the nation--but not in the councils of men4 ,they should have a ,house of their own1 wherein to foster the interests of women and children mainly1 as well as to further ,the ,humanities and ,the ,moralities2 which are1 at the same time1 woman's true political sphere and her chiefest concern--because she and the child most suffer from failures thereof4 ,thus1 the ,house of ,men would be relieved of problems their sex is unqualified to deal with4 ,while more time and energy would be left them to dispose of affairs they are best fitted to administer4 ,as already pointed out1 the all-potent factor of ,sex intervening1 members of neither sex are capable of doing their best work while in association with the other4 ,sex-rivalries are stirred1 or sex-antagonisms4 ,either of which range the sexes on opposite sides2 thus precluding amicable co-operation4 ,or they engender sex-ascendancy4 ,which1 making one sex dominate or defer to the other1 precludes intelligent co-operation4 ,through all1 moreover1 only too often run threads of intrigue1 to entangle and hamper the powers of both4 ,british politics have notably declined since woman's incursion therein4 ,british commerce1 once supreme among the nations1 has notably declined since women entered business-houses4 ,good and thorough work demands1 beyond all things1 undivided concentration of the powers upon it4 ,and for nine persons out of ten1 this concentration is impossible while in the presence of members of the opposite sex4 ,and emphatically this is true of the male1 since woman exercises a hypnotic1 and1 accordingly1 an enervating influence upon him4 ,worse still1 he poses for her3 becoming meretricious and insincere4 ,it is held by some that women in ,parliament might elevate the codes and modes of latter-day politics1 many of our best men withholding themselves therefrom because of bad odour imparted by self-seeking and unscrupulous politicians4 ,but let us keep our ,house of ,commons a ,house of men1 and make it representative of the nation's finest manhood4 ,it is the first and foremost function of the sex1 the way of national success and progress4 ,and just as the presence of women would blunt the pioneering spirit and cripple the action of a party of ,arctic explorers1 so women in the ,house must blunt the enterprise and hamper the exploits of ,statesmanship4 ,so far1 the good sense alike of women as of men has declared against the innovation2 rejecting1 by large majorities1 all but one of women ,parliamentary candidates4 ,it remains to be seen1 however1 whether men outside the ,house will later endorse the new departure1 by electing members of the other sex to represent them4 ,a thing impossible for one sex to do for the other1 of course1 seeing that not only do men and women arrive at their different conclusions by wholly different routes1 but all questions bear wholly different values for them4 ,it may be argued that the existence of dual departments of politics1 and dual points-of-view is argument for electing representatives of both sexes to ,the ,commons4 ,not so1 however4 ,each sex is specialist in its own domain4 ,and an aurist wastes time1 and most likely blunders1 when he applies himself to treat eye-diseases4 ,an oculist wastes time1 and probably blunders1 when delicate ear-operations are required of him4 ,since by his dual constitution1 moreover1 man possesses1 by inheritance from his mother1 the quotum of woman-apprehension1 foresight1 and altruism required to present the woman-bent and view-point in his outlook and conduct of political and civic affairs1 woman's personal intervention in these is as superfluous as it would be harmful4 ,further1 there are two orders of men3 ,an order strictly male in trend and talent1 and an order whose mentality is tinctured with a higher than average proportion of womanly conservatism1 sympathy and intuition4 ,and these two orders of male--typified1 respectively1 by the ,conservative and the ,radical parties--perpetually struggling to secure the measures prompted by their respective orders of mind1 and intermittently gaining ascendancy1 sustain a poise1 or mean1 between the unduly conservative and traditional1 and the unduly radical and transitional in our political administration4 ,these two orders of mentality are found again in ,youth and ,age4 ,all healthy and vigorous-minded young men are radical of bias2 hot-headed1 precipitate and intolerant of crusted orthodoxy1 keen to demolish old institutions and established methods4 ,while maturity makes for conservatism4 ,it knows4 ,and having learned by experience the values of institutions which have become institutions because of their values1 it is prudent in its counsels of slow and stable reform1 in its distrust of drastic1 precipitate change1 and1 beyond all1 in its wise misdoubtings of the world in general as being better than it is1 and ripe1 accordingly1 for the best things4 ,for the present1 there are numberless problems and questions of women's industrial employment1 of children's employment1 of the industrial supervision of young girls and their moral protection2 problems of female drunkenness and prostitution1 crimes of children1 crimes against infants and children2 questions of health1 of the education and upbringing of the young1 of dress and conduct1 and of the general moral purification and the mental elevation of the ,race--with all of which women are essentially qualified to deal2 and the vital national importance whereof men have proved themselves as incapable of apprehending as they have shown themselves powerless to administer them4 ,the two classes of national problems1 or the two departments into which most of these problems might be advantageously sub-classed1 should be recognised as being the functions1 respectively1 of the one or of the other sex1 and should be deputed for consideration to the ,house of ,men or to the ,house of ,women4 ,with the result that in both1 every problem of reform would be dealt with by the sex specialised by nature1 by sympathy1 and by training1 best to understand and best to legislate for it4 ,as with ,the ,lords1 either ,house should have power to question or to reject the conclusions of the other4 ,we need urgently1 indeed1 such a ,house of ,women to employ its native wisdom1 its intuitive apprehension1 and its moral and emotional impulse1 and1 moreover1 to bring its experience and tact to bear upon a hundred-and-one tangled and neglected issues of moral and social reform4 ,in order to remedy evils that have come1 from long neglect1 to be a cancer1 slowly and surely sapping and vitiating our national life and endangering our racial supremacy4 ,,iv ,that women may do useful work in male departments of politics and economics is quite beside the question4 ,far more valuable work is needed and is possible from them in their own especial fields of aptitude4 ,in these latter1 moreover1 they would be fostering1 in place of sacrificing1 that morale and those distinctive talents ,nature has specialised in them4 ,while their withdrawal in toto from male political and economic functions would put men on their mettle1 and stimulate their efforts and achievement therein4 ,woman's influence1 like that of ,religion1 is most potent when it is indirect and inspirational4 ,like the ,church1 when she exchanges her indirect and devotional ministrations for direct and material ones1 temporal or militant1 she destroys herself or the peoples she dominates4 ,or she destroys both4 ,it is common fallacy that so long as the world's work is done and its affairs tolerably well conducted1 it is of no significance whatsoever by which sex these ends are attained4 ,sight is lost of the intrinsic truth that ,life exists for ,man--not ,man for ,life2 its purpose being the evolution of the human ,species by way of the evolution of human ,faculty4 ,the world's work has no slightest value save as spur and instrument of human education4 ,and the evolution of the dual orders of human ,faculty having differentiated the human ,species into two sexes1 each representing a wholly different order of ,faculty--obviously the perfection of both orders of ,faculty and1 accordingly1 the further evolution of both sexes wherein these orders are respectively specialised1 can be attained only by the exercise1 by each order1 of the role and the functions that best evoke its powers4 ,if1 therefore1 the male sex repudiates its allotted role and functions1 and forfeits1 in consequence1 the education of its distinctive talents and moral1 by shelving its responsibilities upon the other sex1 howsoever capable a substitute this other sex may prove itself1 man acts as foolishly and fatuously as the schoolboy who shirks his schooling and the discipline thereof1 by enlisting his capable sister to do his lessons for him4 ,it is1 at the same time1 man's duty and his privilege manfully to shoulder and ably to perform his own allotted part in ,life's affairs4 ,evading this1 or from a false conception of chivalry allowing woman to usurp a share therein1 he degenerates inevitably2 in default of his natural spur to development4 ,moreover he obliges--or connives at woman doing likewise1 in respect of her allotted part4 ,that he has already grown so slack1 his virile pride and enterprise have so far lapsed1 as to reconcile him to woman's usurpation of his masculine functions and prerogatives should warn him of incipient dry-rot in him4 ,as too1 the portentous fact that had he not declined in physical and mental calibre1 she could never so readily and efficiently have taken his place as we have seen her doing4 ,so efficiently1 indeed1 that he will be hard put to it to regain and to retain his lost professional and industrial footing1 by proving himself appreciably the better man4 ,as ,dr4 ,havelock ,ellis says1 if they are to cope with the new ,feminism1 men must needs look to their laurels and produce a new ,masculinism4 ,for truly these weak-chinned1 neurotic young men of the rising generation are no match at all for the heavy-jawed1 sinewy1 resolute young women ,feminist aims and methods are giving us4 ,on every side1 in politics1 literature1 journalism1 oratory1 commerce1 even in scientific invention1 women are swiftly coming up abreast of men1 and threaten shortly to out-distance them4--,and this upon their own ground4 ,on the other hand1 the finer and more exquisite womanly qualities and aptitudes1 the emotions and devotions2 purity1 sweetness1 patience1 forbearance1 tenderness1 lovingness and lovableness1 together with the courtesies and graces1 have fallen out of culture and are fast declining toward extinction4 ,and this1 in the measure of the mushroom-growth of masculine abilities and aims and bent1 now substituted for them in the sex4 ,with which decline of womanly characteristics1 the religion and nobility1 virility and chivalry1 manly reverence and regard for women1 wherewith the true mother illumines the souls of her sons1 and which are man's response to the appeal of true woman1 are waning rapidly also4 ,there is1 in all men worth the name1 an instinctive recognition that the world's most strenuous labours and the world's administration are their natural functions1 and that upon their sex1 accordingly1 rests the responsibility alike of progress or decline in these directions4 ,this sense of responsibility is both stimulating and uplifting1 in the degrees of its realisation and fulfilment4 ,the yielding1 by man1 to the other sex1 of masculine essential rights and obligations is1 at the same time1 a symptom in him of declining virility1 physical and mental1 and a cause inevitable of his further speedy decadence4 ,the position yielded1 and equality in all things ceded to woman1 that pride in his sex1 in himself1 and in his work1 which were his strongest incentives to progress1 drop to ever lower grades4 ,until he comes at last to the state of the decadent savage1 who keeps as many wives to work for him as their work for him enables him to keep4 ,the spirit and pride of ,sex are normal and inspiring1 and are the expression of that impulse which has directed1 in both sexes1 the contrary trend of both4 ,no man of mettle feels ever again the same zest or spur to achievement in a role that has become equally woman's4 ,arrogance8 ,possibly4 ,but wholesome and energising4 ,defect of that pride in his man's mission which inspired ,drake1 ,columbus1 ,nelson1 ,caesar1 ,shakespeare1 ,newton1 to great conquest4 ,without it1 man ceases to be man4 ,that it is a factor to be reckoned with1 was proved by the recent election1 which was signalised by being woman's first authorised entry into the political arena--and was characterised by nothing so much as by man's indifference1 even his neglect to record his vote4 ,and that it is a factor to be reckoned with1 is further and seriously proved by the slackness and diminished zest and output of masculine ,labour1 since the other sex has invaded the field4 ,woman1 for her part1 is characterised by a similar spirit and pride of her sex4 ,equally she loses it when men intrude upon her province4 ,and this ,sex-pride and spirit in her would be nobly intensified and uplifted to ever higher levels of expression and attainment1 were she but assured of the fine quality and issues of those woman-faculties and functions1 by way of which it is her privilege first to create ,life1 and afterwards to minister to it4 ,a potent factor in man's impotence to hold his own either in moral or achievement1 when pitted directly against the other sex1 is that power many women exercise of recruiting their vital forces from those of persons--and of men1 particularly--in association with them4 ,the highest levels of work and inspiration are the product of reserve and surplus forces4 ,when these are depleted1 only languid and lower-grade aims and capacities are possible4 ,the extent to which over-worked women may impair the health and constitutional vigour of men associated with them in work was strikingly shown during the changed conditions of ,war4 ,surrounded by over-wrought girls and women1 who kept themselves going by stimulus of nervous excitement1 of strong tea or more dangerous drugs1 many men1 co-workers or heads of departments1 became neurasthenic wrecks4 ,others lapsed to the condition of infirm old men4 ,the like was seen in fathers and husbands of such over-wrought ,war-workers4 ,and nervous depletion occasioned by working-wives has doubtless much to do with the inanition and depression now crippling our industrial output4 ,i may be charged with holding a brief for the ,enemy-sex4 ,if so1 it is not only because man's cause is woman's1 but1 moreover1 because his present disposition to surrender his prerogatives all round shows him dangerously blind to the truth of woman's power2 misdirection whereof from its natural channels menaces not only him1 but woman herself1 and the ,race4 ,find the woman6 said the ,french cynic4 ,jestingly3 because he no more than other men had gauged the profundity of the saying1 in all its deep and vast biological phenomena and implications4 ,our national survival stands in jeopardy already1 indeed1 from the lower-grade males--narrow-brained neurotics or feeble-brained neurasthenics--whom latter-day women are producing yearly in tens of thousands4 ,and the deplorable truth of this degeneracy is overlooked1 because no more than a fractional number of our doctors distinguish between ,the ,normal and ,the ,average4 ,with the result1 that comparing an abnormal with others more abnormal1 they declare the less abnormal satisfactory4 ,of the fine physique1 the vital health and faculty1 the zest and joy of living which characterise true ,normality--and which are the birthright of every human being--only the few have any conception4 ,it is significant that the sole ancient civilisations now surviving1 ,india and ,china1 have never hazarded their chances of survival by emancipating their women4 ,on the other hand1 because their women are in bondage1 personally and psychologically1 and because their women's vital powers are exhausted by laborious and de-sexing occupations1 the moral and material progress of these peoples is at low ebb4 ,v ,recruiting statistics have shown us the ,damocles-sword of ,decadence suspended by a hair above our heads2 have shown us our great people so riddled with disease1 defect and abnormality1 that nearly half our manhood was declared unfitted for man's elementary duty of fighting for his country 7#ee4i per cent4 only being classed in ,grade ,i474 ,all that our centuries of evolutionary progress have achieved for us1 all that the ,race has achieved for itself by faculty and enterprise1 integrity and industry1 threatens now to be sacrificed to a ,feminist fanaticism1 which1 denying to woman any more vital or tender human faculties or offices than those of man1 has increasingly repudiated all else for her than rights to pit her wits and muscles against his4 ,england has long been1 and has once again proved herself supreme among the nations4 ,because ,england1 more than any other land1 had freed her women from the more laborious industrial employments2 leaving them1 in consequence1 more vital power to put into the making of a splendid ,race1 fine of body1 stable of character2 the men of it charged with virile energy and enterprise1 the women house-proud1 home-abiding2 faithful wives and admirable mothers4 ,recruiting statistics have valuably emphasised the truth that in those localities where women are most employed in labour1 there disease and degeneracy are most rampant4 ,significantly it was shown that colliery-districts and the ,universities 7the latter with about #hj per cent4 of ,grade ,i4 men71 were conspicuous in providing the greatest number of men qualified for military service4 ,why8 ,because neither the mothers of men enrolled in ,universities1 nor1 for the most part1 those of colliery-districts1 are employed industrially4 ,while1 on the other hand1 the health and physique of cotton-mill operatives proved so alarmingly low that of #ahd weavers and spinners only #eg could even be passed for ,army-training4 ,of #bij examined1 only #eg men of one cotton-spinning town were graded ,i42 only #fd were graded ,,ii41 while #afi were graded ,,iii4 and ,,iv4 ,again1 ,why8 ,because1 unlike colliery-districts where the standard of health was notably good1 in cotton-towns where physique and health were alarmingly low the vast majority of wives and mothers are employed in factories4 ,it is important1 moreover1 to note that in such gradings of men for military service1 even those classed first were by no means necessarily normal or vigorous4 ,on the contrary1 many passed were later shown defective1 by breakdown under stress of military discipline4 ,further1 that so many as #bj per cent4 of the young manhood of our highest culture were disqualified for ,grade ,i4 is a serious circumstance4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george has said regarding this most vital question3 ,the next great lesson of the war is that if ,britain has to be thoroughly equipped to meet any emergencies1 the ,state must take a more constant and a more intelligent interest in the health and fitness of the people4 ,if the ,empire is to be equal to its task1 the men and women who make up the ,empire must be equal to it4 ,the number of ,b#b and ,c#c men is prodigious4 ,i asked the ,minister of ,national ,service how many more men could we have put into the fighting ranks if the health of the country had been properly looked after4 ,i staggered at the reply3 ',at least a million4' ,a virile race has been wasted by neglect and want of forethought1 and it is a danger to the ,state and to the ,empire4 ,i solemnly warn my fellow countrymen that you cannot maintain an ,a#a ,empire with a ,c#c population4 ,this estimate of abnormality1 by reason of a million of the nation's young manhood disqualified by definite disease1 defect or degeneracy1 is far below the mark4 ,because owing to the urgent need for fighting men1 the standard of fitness was compulsorily low4 ,and the estimate takes no account of the huge number of such low-grade ,fit1 who succumbed in death or incapacitation to the strain of military training1 or to the vicissitudes of active service4 ,the ,british ,medical ,journal has published figures showing that of #b1jhj1gji men examined by ,medical ,boards--the men constituting a fair sample of the male population between the ages of #ah and #dc1 and a smaller proportion of the more fit between #dc and #ea--only #a in #c could be classed in ,grade ,i4 ,that is1 out of every #aej members of our ,british manhood in its best years of life1 only #ej were up to the mark in health and normality4 ,the ,journal comments on this mass of physical inefficiency1 with all its concomitant human misery1 and direct loss to the country4 ,sir ,auckland ,geddes1 addressing the ,federation of ,british ,industries1 stated that appalling facts about the health of the nation have been disclosed in reports of medical examinations carried out by recruiting authorities4 ,one of the most startling and disquieting of these disclosures was that of hundreds of thousands of our men1 between the ages of #ah and #dc1 dying of tuberculosis4 ,despite all this1 however1 because our authorities fear to face the truth and the drastic economic upheaval involved in the prohibition of all young wives and mothers from the stress of breadwinning1 attempt is being made to shelve the whole blame of this appalling state of national health upon faulty industrial and hygienic conditions2 too long hours of work1 imperfect ventilation1 bad housing1 inferior cooking1 poor wages1 and so forth4 ,all factors1 of course1 but only contributory to the great vital one4 ,and in order to placate the public conscience1 reforms in these directions are promised4 ,excellent and sadly needed reforms1 it is true--in so far as they go2 but bound to failure because they will not go to the root of things4 ,they will be tried1 no doubt1 in our promised ,reconstruction-scheme4 ,but being palliative merely1 further holocausts of human life and faculty and happiness will be sacrificed in the experiment4 ,sooner or later--and ,heaven send it be sooner lest it come too late6--the truth must be confronted1 and the crisis met4 ,the further the ,feminism now threatening our downfall secures footing1 however1 and more and more diverts the nation's life-resources into merely economic channels1 more and more squanders them in abnormal ambitions and output1 the more deeply-rooted and more desperate will have become the cancer of our national decadence4 ,and incalculably the more difficult and dangerous will be the task of its eradication4 ,the reform should have come while man still held the reins securely in his grasp--ere ,feminism had entrenched itself and its deforming aims and powers behind an enfranchised woman-sex2 to intimidate and out-number his own4 ,because women in general1 misled by these false standards1 and1 moreover1 deteriorated by de-sexing training1 become every year less and less disposed toward home and family-life2 less and less willing to burden themselves with the duties and sacrifices indispensable to the proper fulfilment of wife and motherhood4 ,and now1 more than ever1 when they are still further to be pitted against men in the industrial struggle1 woman-instincts and aptitudes will become ever more warped and enfeebled in them4 ,the ,danger menacing us is the graver because1 while ,disease is the expression of a healthy vital conscience protesting1 in terms of pain and disability1 against conditions1 environmental or personal1 adverse to normal states of health and development 7and to which the healthy living organism declines therefore to conform71 ,degeneracy is characterised by a vital conscience of so low an order that it conforms and adapts the type1 without pain or protest1 to conditions perversive of healthy normality and of further evolutionary advance4 ,there comes a stage1 accordingly1 in ,racial decline1 when the ,racial vital conscience no longer rebels1 in terms of ,disease1 but conforms1 in terms of ,degeneracy1 to artificial1 abnormal and evil conditions of living1 environmental and personal4 ,and then as happened to those mighty civilisations snuffed out before us--the major portion of the community having lapsed from health and normality into decadent states of mind and body1 vice and corruption become its ,normal both of mind and body4 ,evil and chaos run riot4 ,till ,nature1 defied and transgressed at every turn1 opens the vials of her wrath1 and pours forth her microbic myriads to sow death and destruction wholesale4 ,thus she sweeps from the board of ,life another great ,race--that had failed4 ,,vi ,already1 there are disquieting signs that the physical disease and abnormality among us have engendered such degrees of mental and of moral aberration as may lead at any hour to grave disruption4 ,below the quiet order of our ,british constitution are heard1 from time to time1 the rumble of chaotic and disintegrating forces4 ,with growing frequency1 the shriek of anarchy shrills4 ,red flags break4 ,we shall be truly fortunate if we succeed in bridging over1 without more or less serious upheaval1 the critical gap between ,war and ,peace4 ,woman is ,nature's peacemaker and welder4 ,she it is who1 in the home1 knits the loose ends of the multiple incongruous and turbulent human elements into social unities--families1 friendly communities1 townships and peoples--by her annealing powers of affection and sympathy1 of charity and intuitive understanding4 ,keep the ,home-fires burning6 sang our soldiers4 ,no considerations of ,the ,british ,constitution1 the ,london ,stock ,exchange1 or ,worshipful ,civic ,company1 fired them to heroism1 spurred them to victory4 ,but for the ,home-fires burning in suburban villas1 in four-roomed cottages or two-room lodgings--as equally in hereditary mansions--it was1 our gallants dared and died1 and reaped their glorious triumph4 ,my father1 an early and an earnest advocate of ,female enfranchisement1 used to counsel ,lord ,beaconsfield that to enfranchise women would be to establish the ,conservative party for a century1 at least4 ,because nine out of ten women were1 in those days1 ,conservative4 ,since then1 ,feminism has been active1 however4 ,less by way of direct propaganda of anarchy or ,bolshevism1 be it said1 than by fostering that masculine bent and spirit of material unrest and discontent which destroy in women all the finer1 fairer ideals and attributes of their intrinsic womanhood1 and those self-denying ordinances which so sweeten and dignify the humblest tasks as to content the doers of them with the inspiring sense that they are worth the while4 ,with the result that nothing so characterises the great mass of latter-day working women as a smouldering irrational and intemperate ,socialism4 ,and the ,socialism of working-women 7as1 too1 of the majority of working-men7 is based on total ignorance of the impracticability and evil of making for universal equality in a vast ,scheme of ,things1 the values and the ultimate successes whereof depend absolutely on preserving those highly-specialised diversities and inequalities1 alike of faculty and bent1 into which ,life1 with its countless degrees of evolutionary development1 has progressively graded living creatures1 brute and human4 ,the innumerable orders and classes of our sociology are as inevitable as they are invaluable4 ,because they serve for stages of faculty and avocation upon that biological gradient of ,ascent by which we climb4 ,as was pointed out earlier in this book1 woman1 although passive and reposeful of inherence1 is variable and unstable of temperament2 her powers being eternally at ebb and flux1 in order that she may be the medium of those evolutionary mutations which engender human progress4 ,a nature truly perilous when too great dominance is permitted the sex in affairs so momentous as those of ,state-administration1 upon the firm stability and permanence whereof depend so many destinies4 ,because this evolutionary impulsiveness of hers is dangerously liable to express itself in irresponsible1 chaotic and anarchical outbreaks4 ,as history shows1 wreckage of many once mighty1 but now extinct1 civilisations set in when the males thereof weakly1 or basely1 surrendered their manhood's rights of rule to a sex disqualified by its native non-conformability to rule in national and international policies4 ,should women ever come to exercise political power identical with man's1 they would be liable to subvert the whole national and international administration of their country on an impulse4 ,not solely from craving for novelty1 but1 too1 as result of their inherent bent toward forward and precipitate movement1 and their implicit faith in change as being necessarily reform4 ,nations in which the feminine element is strong betray the native fickleness thereof in perpetual change of ,ministry--even in frequent revolution4 ,this element of instability is ,ireland's curse1 the flaw in her people's splendid ,celtic faculty4 ,in view of the stern and strenuous and narrowly-rationalistic creed and claims of ,feminism1 as too of the steel-brained1 steel-willed fighting women leading it1 men may scoff1 with sense of false security1 at odds of danger from feminine weakness and fickleness in ,feminist ranks4 ,they scoffed just so at the menace of ,prussianism--whereof ,feminism is the female rendering4 ,it must always be remembered1 moreover1 that the civic and political privileges ceded to ,woman1 the ,feminist1 are ceded alike to that freakish1 irresponsible creature ,woman1 the ,femininist1 who1 to counterbalance the decline of woman-quality in those others of her sex1 adds to her number and her freakishness as those others wax in number and in stern determination4 ,and in a ,house of ,commons of mixed sex1 ,feminists would find1 to their undoing1 that here as elsewhere the ,ultra-,feminines would speedily outnumber and out-power themselves4 ,the ,movement1 inaugurated in all the stern and sterile sex-insensibility of the ,feminist code1 would soon be dry-rotten and corrupt with the weaknesses bred of ,effeminacy4 ,nor should it be forgotten that the present ,feminist leaders it was who1 by their dangerous ,bolshevist tactics of ,militant ,suffragism1 proclaimed the anarchy seething in themselves and their adherents4 ,so long as there survives within the breast of man a spark of that ,chivalry which has been both the inspiring and impelling power of his virile development1 he can neither meet1 nor can he treat with woman upon equal terms4 ,always the aspects of her in capacities of mother1 wife or love 7or mistress7 must intervene to disarm1 and to incapacitate him from exerting his full strength against her4 ,whether her appeal to him be sacred or profane1 accordingly--that of woman at her best or at her worst--always so long as he is man1 her highest and most tender 7as her basest7 appeal will be by way of those woman-,unfitnesses which in every age have served as highest incentive of his ,fitnesses2 that he might win1 safeguard and cherish her4 ,this chivalrous instinct it was1 in part--for behind it lurked the recognition of more than half a nation suffering from the wrong of ,unenfranchisement--which disarmed and paralysed his action in respect of those same ,suffragist outbreaks4 ,and so long as he is man1 will he be similarly disarmed and dangerously inhibited from meeting and from battling successfully with woman4 ,history repeats itself4 ,and if men suppose that they have seen the last of female ,militancy1 and overlook the menacing truth that their own incapacity to cope with this must increase inevitably in direct proportion to woman's waxing power1 they are blind1 indeed1 to dangerous breakers ahead4 ,having sown the fickle wind of woman's variability1 they are like to reap the whirlwind in her inherent non-conformability2 a difficult and parlous factor such as they have never previously encountered in political and industrial administration4 ,such non-conformability as is seen at an extreme in the anarchy of revolutions2 in which women1 having lost control and balance1 plunge deeper and deeper into excesses1 without power1 it would seem1 of recoil4 ,while men reach a maximum1 recover poise1 and then setting about to re-constitute order out of chaos1 more often than not evolve a higher form of order than had previously obtained4 ,,vii ,secure in their traditional superior strength1 however1 and with characteristic complacency in this relation1 men have no suspicion of the sex-antagonism--hatred even--seething against them in ,feminism4 ,and this far from having been annealed or softened1 has been1 on the contrary1 greatly aggravated by the concessions and new privileges lately accorded the sex4 ,strange to say1 the chief talk of extremist women in their new ,war-capacities was bitterest grievance and hostility against the male1 because1 although installed in masculine positions1 they were denied rights identical with his2 of rank and recognition1 of responsibility and pay4 ,that they held these capacities temporarily merely1 and as novices and amateurs1 while men held theirs as experts1 for long service or for superior values by right of masculine abilities1 had no weight whatsoever4 ,never in all her days of so-called subjection has woman been so loud and denunciatory of the injustices of ,the ,oppressor1 of his conspiracies and crimes against her1 as since she has been yielded a number of those rights which ,feminism claims4 ,feminists will say this is because complete equality in all things has not yet been granted--has yet to be fought for4 ,the truth is1 however1 that the interests and functions of men fail wholly to satisfy the wholly dissimilar natures of women4 ,but until they have realised this--the true reason of their discontent--an ever-increasing number of women will continue to make these their coveted goal1 and to chafe with anger and bitterest resentment against the other sex for denying them full measure of things--without intrinsic value for them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it needs no saying by me1 that1 apart from the ,feminist extremist faction1 the ,woman's ,movement includes a number of the sex characterised by the noblest ideals and impulse1 as by the finest achievements2 their creed and aims being pure of self-seeking or materialist ambitions for themselves or for their kin4 ,and these it is to whom we owe it1 that1 amid the clamour and the combat of those others1 the spirit of true ,womanhood1 devoted1 wise and altruistic1 is making itself felt everywhere in modern thought and modern progress4 ,such women for the most part discredit ,feminism1 in many cases directly oppose both its doctrine and practice4 ,,viii ,the huge numerical preponderance of women must1 of itself1 presently swamp all masculine power and initiative in ,state affairs unless the political functions of the sexes be separated4 ,thenceforward1 ,vox populi must be the voice of ,woman--man's having ceased to be heard4 ,and man's chiefest menace lies1 be it reiterated to the point of tedium1 in that momentous fact of the biological investment in woman1 of the ,racial ,trustfund4 ,for this is1 at the same time1 his sole heritage and that of the nation4 ,and not only does it constitute her the custodian of ,human ,life and ,faculty but it makes her arbitress as well of man's and of the nation's destiny4 ,in yielding his ,house of ,parliament1 man has surrendered not only his highest and most characteristic prerogative1 but he has yielded the last exclusive stronghold of his manhood4 ,an entrenchment indispensable to his difficult task of holding his own against a sex overwhelmingly superior in number1 and chartered1 by right of womanhood1 with time-honoured baffling privileges which handicap and defeat him at all turns4 ,a sex ,nature has armoured with charms1 moreover1 and with weaknesses for his disarming2 by appeal1 on the one hand1 to his chivalry1 on the other1 to his senses4 ,entrenched in his last stronghold1 he stood some chance of exerting his allotted dominance in life's affairs4 ,all his strongholds invaded1 he stands none4 ,for the rest1 it can only be said that men who should reject their own1 and elect members of the opposite sex to represent them in ,parliament1 would by that vote alone of non-confidence in the ability or the good faith of their kind1 proclaim the human male a pitiful failure in species2 an order without specialisation of brain1 of character1 or of moral1 to give it essential values in ,human concerns4 ,woman1 on the other hand1 would stand acclaimed a ,super-,being4 ,one not only highly-specialised by ,god and ,nature1 as creatrix of the ,race1 and endowed with gifts to be the ,racial nurse and guide and teacher1 but1 added to these most vital of human capacities1 she would stand accredited by man with such superior qualifications also for the administration of the ,state as to lead him to adjudge her his superior in this capacity likewise4 ,while her still further pre-eminence is now to be emphasised by pitting her on equal terms against the male1 in all the ,arts and ,crafts1 the professions and the businesses4 ,truly--poor ,super-,being that she is to be--burdened and spent by her super-tax of faculties and functions1 she will need1 indeed1 to break into the ,racial ,trust-,fund1 in order to equip herself for these her multifarious exactions4 ,because not only will it be her affliction to produce the ,race and mother it1 but she must provide for it too2 moreover1 must doctor it1 play lawyer1 parson and accountant to it2 paint its pictures1 mould its statuary1 plan its architecture1 build its houses1 compose its music1 blow its trumpets1 beat its drums2 and1 over and beyond all these1 must administer its politics1 and serve it presently1 no doubt1 as ,premier1 ,primate and ,chancellor4 ,while it must be merely a matter of brief time1 when1 to her other tasks1 will be added the manning of its ,army1 its ,navy and ,air-,services1 and the serving of its guns4 ,should ,feminist aims be realised--and already they are more than half-won--it will be a case1 truly1 of ,exit ,man6 ,rejected on all counts1 as possessing no intrinsic sex-values1 to offset woman's vital and pre-eminent one of the creation of ,life 7for his biological part in this is so slight and brief as to be unworthy of note were it not indispensable1 and will be insignificant1 indeed1 when he no longer serves as highly-specialised agent and artificer of the ,racial faculty72 possessing no distinctive qualities and no obligations of fatherhood1 to protect and to provide for offspring1 and thereby to offset woman's vital and important one of nurturing and rearing this2 no more than woman's equal 7if that7 in the ,sciences and ,arts1 in ,politics and ,commerce--,truly no alternative will be left him save to retire1 abased1 into the dim background of the ,human ,pageant2 a self-admitted failure1 without place or standing1 by virile and exclusive right and power of body1 brain and office4 ,,ix ,a more inspiring picture presents itself1 however4 ,of a ,manhood1 worthy of its racial and national traditions1 waking timely to a recognition of its manhood's powers and duties1 and1 having emancipated itself from woman's rule in all beside her natural province1 reinstating its supremacy in every virile field and function2 and thus re-shouldering bravely its allotted burdens in ,labour1 ,faculty and ,administration4 ,of a ,womanhood re-finding itself also1 and finding itself and its natural lot upon a fairer and a nobler plane--the plane of ,life1 as ever1 but illumined now by broader outlook1 and instinct with higher understanding4 ,and these two working for the common good1 of our ,anglo-,saxon ,race1 recruited by their sympathetic impulse and reciprocal achievement1 having been set1 in course of a few generations1 upon routes of such a ,human ,renaissance as should carry it forward to fulfilment of its splendid destiny4 ,in this ,new ,human ,dispensation would be a ,house of ,women to serve as a second--a balancing and an uplifting--wing to the ,house of ,men4 ,thus in the national as in the natural life1 ,the ,sexes would be most effectively operating and co-operating2 travelling each along its own inherent and allotted lines1 employing each its own intrinsic powers and fulfilling its intrinsic functions1 apart from1 but abreast of and in continual touch with the other2 inspiring1 fortifying1 supplementing and complementing the attributes1 the trend and the achievements1 each of each4 99 99 99 99 99 ,said ,mazzini1 ,man and ,woman are the two human ,wings that lift the soul toward the ,ideal we are destined to attain4 ,and the value and the effectiveness of these two human1 as of other wings1 lie in the degree to which1 although they work in unison1 they move in different areas2 apart from and independent1 each of the other2 balancing and correlating1 but1 nevertheless1 each sustaining its own side of the body1 ,vital and ,social4 ,,appendix ,,further ,,evidences ,,in ,,support ,,of ,,the ,,biological ,,and ,,mendelian ,,propositions ,,advanced ,,in ,,book ,i4 ,i ,the ,male is the impelling force in ,physical ,development1 or ,adaptation to environment ,scientific stock-breeding supplies valuable practical examples of applied ,genetics1 or the ,science of ,heredity4 ,although artificial1 in the sense that the creatures of the ,stock-yard are not mated by law of ,natural ,selection1 nor are they bred or reared under normal environmental conditions1 the circumstance that breeders are breeding for special characteristics1 and mate the parents with a view to the transmission and the accentuation of such1 provides important indications regarding hereditary influence and its determinant factors4 ,mr4 ,horace ,g4 ,regnart1 who has done much to establish ,stock-breeding on a scientific basis1 kindly furnishes me with the following interesting and suggestive data3 ,we ,breeders pay more attention to the bull because he can sire fifty calves yearly2 while the cow can produce only one4 ,one can afford to pay a thousand guineas for a bull1 whereas one cannot afford fifty cows at the same price4 ,and the purchase of a first-class bull is the cheapest way of getting a good herd4 ,the history of practically every great herd is the history of some particular bull4 ,as we say1 'a bull is half the herd4' ,it is equally true to say that every great bull is the son of a great cow4 ,with one highly-prepotent bull we can raise a high-class herd1 even if we start with second-rate females2 while a bad bull will ruin the best herd in the county4 ,it is for this reason that we 'put all our money' on the bull4 ,all of which supports my theory that the male is the impelling agency in ,adaptation to ,environment1 or evolutionary development on the plane of physics1 and that such progressive development is achieved by way of the male traits being ,dominant upon this plane1 and manifesting1 accordingly1 in the physical terms of stature and muscle and force-production4 ,the male being the determinant agent in the physical characteristics of size and flesh and nervous energy--for which breeders of ,live-stock are making--the bull is half the herd4 ,with one highly-prepotent bull1 a high-class herd may be raised1 even though inaugurated with second-rate females4 ,whilst a bad bull will ruin the best herd in the county4 ,akin to which is the circumstance that1 in two generations1 the improvement which occurs in the offspring of a ,new ,forest pony-mare when mated with a horse1 lapses2 the descendants reverting to the type of the ,new ,forest pony4 ,if1 however1 the male1 being the agent of ,adaptation1 determines progressive development in the direction of such physical traits as further fit species to its material environment1 the female it is1 that1 being the agency of the ,evolution of ,life 7and of the equipment of species in terms of ,life1 accordingly7 supplies offspring with the ,vital potential of living cells and vital organs--heart1 lungs1 digestive and assimilative organs and functions--which1 by engendering the multiple functions and vital processes of ,life1 sustain the existence and the powers of the organism in relation to environment4 ,the female1 moreover1 provides it with the ,vital potential of reproductive organs for the transmission of types ever further evolved and adapted1 in terms both of ,life and ,adaptation4 ,the male thus broadly sketches out the lines and supplies the initiative of structural development4 ,the female supplements the sketch with the structural potential of living cells1 whereby structural development is achieved2 as too with the vital potential of organs whereby living organisation is sustained and transmitted4 ,the great sire1 bull or man1 generates the great daughter4 ,but since ,life is earlier in origin and precedes ,development1 the great mother it must be who first engenders the great son4 ,because1 as ,i have already pointed out1 ,life and ,reproductive-,energy must exist in the potential before they can evolve upon the plane of personal development4 ,in other words1 function precedes structure4 ,the potential of both function and structure must precede the development of either on the plane of ,life4 ,woman1 accordingly1 is ,creatrix of the ,race1 because in her the ,race becomes potential4 ,man is ,artificer of the ,race1 however1 because from him the ,race receives its powers of concrete development4 ,for progressive evolutionary advance1 therefore1 every new generation of females must contribute a new complement of ,vital potential1 equal in potence to the new complement of ,developmental initiative which the new generation of males contribute1 and by way of which the female ,vital potential is differentiated into further concrete powers4 ,fruitless for one parent to supply a finer complement than the other is able to render in terms1 respectively1 of ,life or ,development4 ,the female potential must be adequate to energise the male powers of differentiation4 ,the male powers must be adequate to differentiate the female potential4 ,,ii ,the female supplies the ,typal and ,vital ,potentials of ,adaptation ,to ,mr4 ,regnart1 ,i am indebted for the following further data1 which seem further to support my view3 ,ursula ,raglan was a ,beef-cow that milked heavily4 ,to a ,beef-bull1 she produced ,gainford ,champion--a great bull4 ,while to a ,dairy-bull1 she produced the dam of ,priceless ,princess--about the best ,dairy-cow that ever looked through a halter4 ,here we find the ,vital-potential indispensable to the equipment of great offspring1 proved great in the mother1 by her ,female vital-function of lactation4 ,while her respective bull-mates appear as the determinant factors which differentiate this ,vital potential in offspring1 respectively1 into the ,beef-traits 7stature and muscle1 that is7 or the ,milking-traits 7,vital function1 that is74 ,the very term ,dairy-bull1 signifying a male with power to transmit to female descendants the purely ,female trait of milking1 is evidence1 in itself1 of a female trait1 derived by a male from his mother1 passing into the potential1 and lying dormant1 or ,recessive1 for a generation1 in his male organisation1 and then emerging again in his daughter4 ,the great bull is sire of a great cow--because he was son of a great cow4 ,and he is a great bull because he received from his dam a great female ,vital-potential1 for differentiation into greatness of the male traits that characterise great males4 ,and in his turn1 he may sire a cow greater than his mother1 because in passing on to his daughter the great female ,vital-potential of his mother1 he passes on a female potential of greatness to which his own male inherence of greatness has added a further power of ,differentiation4 ,this increased ,male power of differentiation1 descending in the female line1 however1 manifests in traits of increased ,female functioning--the function of milking1 that is4 ,the daughter inherits thus from her father the ,female potential of her paternal grandmother1 with new power of ,male differentiation acquired by its residence during a generation 7so to speak7 in a male organisation4 ,which new power1 when reawakened to function in a female organism1 manifests in a further degree of ,femaleness4 ,male development having progressed along lines of increasing brain- and nervous power1 which the female has ever further inherited1 ,female development has progressed along lines of such increasing brain-power as has enabled her to transform her native simple and undifferentiated ,femaleness into ever further developed and more complex ,female traits1 or functional and nervous characteristics4 ,while1 on the other hand1 since ,female evolution has proceeded along lines of increasing ,life1 or ,vital ,power1 which the male has ever further inherited this increasing ,vital power it has been that has served as potential for the evolution of his ,maleness in terms of higher brain- and nervous power4 ,the great cow is mother of a great bull because she was daughter of a great sire4 ,and she was a great cow because she received from her sire a great male complement of developmental power1 which imparted to her ,recessive1 and undifferentiated ,femaleness1 further power of functioning as female characteristics4 ,and she may mother a son greater even than her sire because the great male ,developmental impetus of her father becomes in her a greater ,vital potential2 which1 descending in the male line1 engenders further power for the further differentiation of male characteristics4 ,,iii ,evolution of ,species and evolution of the ,individual occur on different planes ,the ,evolution of ,species progresses in every generation by way of each ,sex having derived from the other ,sex a new and opposite potential to engender1 in every alternate generation1 the further evolution of its ,sex-traits along its own 7and contrary7 lines4 ,it may be considered therefore that ,type1 or ,species1 evolves to higher inherences by way of progressive divergences of ,sex-characteristics4 ,while the ,evolution of the individual progresses in every generation in proportion as parents of both sexes had mated1 in the previous generation1 with such members of the opposite sex as were best fitted to supply1 in the gametes contributed to offspring1 complements which1 by union with their own1 so matched and supplemented their own as to have quickened and energised the development of offspring to the fullest and the most efficient issues4 ,in any line1 however1 a strain of greatness or of other inherence descends in alternating succession1 now in the female1 now in the male line2 receding now into the potential1 and then evolving in development4 ,so that while the ,individual normally evolves in every generation1 the ,type evolves only in alternate generations4 ,the evolution of ,type1 or ,species1 is the intrinsic function of the spontaneous ,evolution of ,life into two orders of ,sex4 ,it occurs on a wholly different plane from that of the evolution of the ,individual4 ,but by way of his1 or her1 complement to the biological constitution of offspring1 members of both sexes contribute alike to the evolution of ,species and to that of the ,individual--according as such complement enhances the power of the traits of the opposite ,sex to manifest1 and further to evolve in offspring4 ,the intensification in the one sex of its own inherences stimulates a proportional intensification of the opposite inherences in the other ,sex1 both as regards the evolution of the ,type and of the ,individual4 ,the phenomenon would seem to be akin to that increase of one electrical potential evoking a proportional increase of the other electrical potential1 to complement it4 ,when one sex fails to supply its due potential1 or complement1 to the other1 the evolution both of ,type and ,individual receives a check4 ,and because the evolution of ,type is achieved by the ,germ-plasm derived from a parent of one sex obtaining new increment from being invested in the organisation of offspring of the opposite sex1 it is not until the new ,typal-inherence of this ,germ-plasm is revivified again in the organisation of a member of the ,sex from which the plasm was derived1 that such new impulse manifests4 ,hence the phenomenon of characteristics being transmitted from parents to offspring of opposite sex4 ,so that daughters of normal womanly organisation reproduce the ,typal characteristics of their fathers' maternal line2 while in sons of normal male organisation those of their mothers' paternal line emerge4 ,hence too1 the reversion of offspring of hybrid plants to the types1--pure ,dominant and pure ,recessive--of their grandparents4 ,,iv ,progressive segregation of ,male and ,female traits in opposite sides of body ever further intensifies and differentiates their intrinsic qualities ,the biological constitution of humans and of the other higher organisms differentiating them into two opposite symmetrical sides1 in which1 as development rises higher in the scale1 the ,dominance1 or ,maleness1 in them is ever further and more perfectly segregated from the ,recessiveness1 or ,femaleness1 in them1 secures the progressive intensification1 respectively1 of ,maleness or of ,femaleness in them1 by ever further ranging the factors1 or traits1 of these on opposite sides of the biological equation2 and by thus more effectively centralising the powers1 according to sex1 in one or the other side thereof4 ,mendel's peas1 not thus differentiated into two sides1 are bi-sexual and self-fertilising4 ,of the original stock1 that order in which ,dominant traits are prepotent is differentiating toward a male genus1 however4 ,while the ,recessives are differentiating toward a female genus4 ,although regarded as pure ,dominants and pure ,recessives1 they are nevertheless hybrids in respect of ,sex4 ,being self-fertilising1 both ,dominants and ,recessives are of low power1 alike for reproduction and development4 ,because the ,dominance1 or ,male developmental power1 of the ,recessives being inhibited by the ,recessiveness1 or ,femaleness1 in them1 is of low ,vigour4 ,while the ,recessiveness1 or ,female vital power in the ,dominants being unduly expended by the ,dominance1 or ,maleness1 in them1 is of low ,vitality4 ,the male sex-cells of the self-fertilising ,dominants thus fertilise female sex-cells of low vitality4 ,while the female sex-cells of the self-fertilising ,recessives are fertilised by male sex-cells of low vigour4 ,in cross-breeding1 the conditions cease not only to be those of self-fertilising1 but they cease1 moreover1 to be those of the close inbreeding of self-fertilisation4 ,in the hybrids obtained by crossing the higher-vigoured male sex-cells of the pure ,dominants with the higher-vitalised female sex-cells of the pure ,recessives1 the ,dominants--because ,dominance is prepotent for exterior characteristics--submerge the external traits of the ,recessives1 which are prepotent for vital and internal functioning4 ,such ,dominants are a bi-sexual species in which the male is prepotent4 ,and to be male1 means that they have expended1 in terms of structural development1 a great proportion of the female ,vital power inherent in them2 thus masking the ,recessive female traits in them1 as regards exterior characteristics4 ,but since reproductive power inheres in these ,recessive traits1 these traits are preserved in the sex-cells1 equally with the ,dominant traits4 ,the plants being not only bi-sexual1 but self-fertilising also1 the sex-cells must obviously be bi-sexual too2 in order to provide the organism with factors both of life and development4 ,every sex-cell is a hybrid cell1 therefore2 bearing both ,dominant and ,recessive traits4 ,but1 like their parents1 in some1 the ,dominant1 in others1 the ,recessive traits are prepotent4 ,and the ,dominant sex-cells mating with ,dominants1 the ,recessives with ,recessives1 the original types of so-called pure ,dominants and pure ,recessives reappear in the third generation4 ,v ,self-fertilising organism is a female organism with a male organism differentiated in it ,because the female represents the ,life-potential of species and the ,vital potential of organisms1 a self-fertilising plant or creature must be regarded as a female organism1 with a male organism of ,adaptation1 or ,differentiation1 developed in it4 ,this male organism energises both its developmental and its functioning power1 and fertilises it2 although the potential of structure1 of growth1 of function and of reproduction are engendered in the female organism4 ,the female is the root-stock or parent-stem of all species1 therefore4 ,if ,dominance is ,maleness1 and ,recessiveness is ,femaleness1 and if ,dominance energises structural development while ,recessiveness engenders reproduction1 a ,dominant self-fertilising plant is a female plant1 with a male plant of superior ,dominance differentiated in it4 ,while a ,recessive self-fertilising plant is a female plant of superior ,recessiveness1 with a male plant of inferior ,dominance differentiated in it4 ,in crossing stock of superior ,dominance with stock of superior ,recessiveness1 the ,dominant prevails over the ,recessive in the general structural traits of the resulting hybrid1 but not in its reproductive inherence4 ,the new hybrids being male in inherence1 nothing is added to the female reproductive1 or ,vital1 potential in them4 ,the root-stock transmits to its sex-cells therefore just as its grandmother did--,recessives of her type1 and ,dominants of the type of the ,dominant male engrafted on her1 of the male grandfather of this third generation1 that is4 ,hence reversion4 ,,vi ,sterility of offspring of alien species proves evolution of ,species and of ,individual are independent phenomena ,the fact that dog and wolf1 when mated1 breed fertile species1 proves them sprung from the same root-stock4 ,while the hybrid offspring of different species are sterile4 ,showing such an intrinsic incompatability of the alien complements in the zygote as1 while operating as no bar to their immediate union and their development into a complete hybrid individual1 nevertheless bars the incorporation of the alien breed in the ,vital potential of stock4 ,such sterility in the offspring of creatures of different species is weighty evidence that the ,evolution of ,type1 or ,species1 and the ,evolution of the ,individual are wholly independent phenomena2 occurring upon wholly different planes1 and involving wholly different principles and sets of processes4 ,in the mating of alien species1 the two sex-cells1 although of dissimilar species-inherence1 unite nevertheless and develop in the maternal environment into a living entity of mongrel order4 ,but the ,germ-plasm contained in the gamete of one species will not germinate in the alien environment of an organism of alien species4 ,no potential1 either ,vital or of ,differentiation1 is engendered1 therefore1 for production of offspring4 ,hence sterility results4 ,the potential of a living individual is seen thus to belong to a wholly different plane of phenomena from the potential of ,stock4 ,conditions which do not annul the powers of life and of function in the one1 quench life and function in the other with the seal of sterility4 ,,vii ,possible explanation of ,sports ,mr4 ,regnart says3 ,we often meet with ,sports4 ,second- and third-rate parents may produce an exceptionally fine individual1 but such animals are always failures to breed from4 ,the law of ,filial ,regression comes into operation4 ,our aim is to find families that have produced a large number of fine animals--we know then that we are on safe ground4 ,in these cases1 it would seem that the fine individual results from so singularly harmonious and successful a complementing and fructifying of the parental halves in offspring as conduce to develop the best points of both2 doubtless1 too1 to eliminate or to annul weak or faulty factors of either parental strain4 ,neither of such inferior-grade parents transmitting a fine lineal potential1 however1 the exceptional fineness of the individual is not inherent in the ,germ-plasm he or she transmits to offspring4 ,the fine characteristics of such ,sports are not transmissible1 therefore1 to descendants4 ,proof again of two planes of ,life and ,evolution1 that of ,species and that of the ,individual4 ,moral1 too1 of the importance of fine selection in mating1 since the harmonious mating of second- or third-rate parents may produce finer offspring than are born of ill-assorted matings of two finer breeds of parent4 ,the case is recorded of a pony about the size of a ,shetland pony1 which was the offspring of pedigree ,shire-parents on both sides1 both parents being over #ag hands4 ,the most striking feature about the animal was that there was nothing of the horse-type about him--he was a perfect example of pony4 ,shire horses are typical examples of ,vigour1 or developmental power1 expressed in terms of stature1 muscle and nervous energy4 ,and for so long as the breeding for these characteristics was supplemented in terms of vital organs and vital functioning1 by an equivalent maternal complement of ,vital potential1 to sustain the constitutional expenditure involved in stature1 muscular equipment1 and nervous energy1 the breed improved in these particulars4 ,pushed beyond this limit1 by introducing into stock further strains of ,vigour1 or developmental initiative1 without simultaneously providing the indispensable equivalents of these in increasing ,vital potentials1 all at once the balance toppled1 and reversion to inferior type resulted4 ,an excessive proportion of the ,vital power of these two ,pedigree ,shires of great stature and great strength had been expended in the achievement of such great stature and great strength1 and in the equipment of digestive and assimilative organs required to sustain these4 ,but little had remained1 accordingly1 for ,reproductive investments4 ,hence reversion in the de-vitalised stock4 ,one conceives of the counterpoise in ,stock1 of ,male and ,female complements1 as being akin to that of the opposite and complementary curves of an arch4 ,so long as equipoise is sustained by the perfect balance of the contrary curves1 so long each re-inforces the other to support a heavy superstructure of development4 ,lopsidedness of either curve leads to collapse4 ,,viii ,vigour is ,male4 ,vitability is ,female ,vigour1 which breeders regard as a potent factor in heredity1 is commonly confounded with ,vital ,power1 or ,vitability2 although the two would seem to be diametrically opposite in cause1 in nature and effect4 ,an athlete1 in so-called condition1 is in the prime of ,vigour2 his muscular and nervous powers being at high levels of structure and of functioning4 ,his ,vital powers are proportionally at low ebb1 however2 as is proved by his notable lack of recuperative power in illness4 ,he is bad subject1 indeed1 in respect of progress and recovery from disease4 ,feeble-minded persons possess but little ,vigour of brain or of body1 yet their ,vital power1 as shown in healthy organic functioning and vitativeness1 is often extraordinary4 ,vigour is an expression of nervous energy1 and is generated by the brain4 ,vitability is ,life-power1 and results from vital organs efficient both in structure and in processes4 ,it is engendered in the ,reproductive ,system2 which may be regarded as the power-house of ,life and vital function4 ,vigour is the power of ,differentiation1 or ,individuation1 of an organism1 structural and functional1 physical and mental1 in terms of its relation to environment4 ,vitability is the intensification of the individualism and of the functioning of an organism in terms of ,life-power4 ,vigour1 being katabolic1 a male and a ,dominant trait1 manifests in man 7as in plants7 as ,tallness1 or the expenditure of vital energy upon the material plane1 in growth and stature2 as too in functional initiative and activity1 both physical and mental1 on the material plane4 ,vitability1 being anabolic1 a female and a ,recessive trait1 manifests as ,dwarfness1 or the conservation of vital energy upon the material plane1 in respect of growth and stature2 as too in weakness1 or inhibition of vigour and activity1 both physical and mental4 ,the male trait of ,vigour makes men larger1 stronger1 hardier1 and more resistant to disease than women are4 ,the female trait of ,vitability makes women healthier1 more charged with vital power and temperament1 more recuperative from disease1 and longer-lived than men4 ,the complementary inherences of ,vigour and ,vitability1 derived respectively from the two parents1 and supplementing one another in offspring1 endow him or her with fine form and structure1 healthy vital organs and efficient function1 power of ,life and nervous energy4 ,in the normal male1 ,vigour dominates ,vitability2 the maternal potential of ,vitability being differentiated in him into its male equivalent4 ,while in the normal female1 ,vigour recedes within the ,female traits of vital power and healthy functioning1 endurance and womanly faculty4 ,the opposite modes of ,vigour and ,vitality are well shown in disease4 ,in vigorous men1 disease may assume the type known as sthenic2 occasioning such violent re-activity1 or rebellion1 of the system1 and such consequent severity of symptoms as speedily exhaust the resources1 and tend to fatal ending4 ,while ,vital power1 being anabolic and conservative1 meets the foe passively1 and instead of wasting1 economises the forces by moderation of symptoms2 bending to the course and processes of sickness1 and making thereby for recovery4 ,because of the lesser vitability of their cells1 disease in men tends toward structural1 or organic deteriorations4 ,while disease in normal women is more often functional1 merely4 ,in masculine women1 disease is prone1 as in men1 to structural degenerations4 ,masculine women are very liable to cancer2 a liability they transmit as heritage to offspring of both sexes4 ,hence the increasing masculinity of latter-day women has entailed upon the race an increased liability to cancer and to other structural degeneration4 ,this liability has assumed such grave proportions as to occur in children even1 showing in the abnormal growths1 adenoids now so prevalent as to have become the normal of modern childhood4 ,,ix ,the living body is a highly-vitalised ,vegetative organism with a highly-specialised ,cerebro-nervous organism differentiated in it ,professor ,cuvier said1 ,the nervous system is1 at bottom1 the whole animal2 the other systems are there only to serve it4 ,professor ,bergson amplifies the statement3 ,a higher organism is essentially a sensori-motor system installed on systems of digestion1 respiration1 circulation1 secretion1 etc41 whose function it is to repair1 cleanse and protect it1 to create an unvarying1 internal environment for it1 and above all to produce its potential energy for conversion into locomotive movement4 ,in both statements1 is recognition of the ,dual differentiation of the body into an organism of ,life which functions in relation to its own intrinsic being1 and an organism of ,consciousness which functions in relation to exterior environment4 ,that in death from starvation1 the brain and the nerves remain almost unimpaired1 while all the other organs and tissues lose weight1 their cells undergoing profound degenerative changes1 is further indication of two distinct and separate departments of development and processes in every animal existence4 ,as in its ,mendelian phenomena of the ,segregation of its ,contrasting ,traits1 and the ,dominance and ,recessiveness of these in constitution and heredity1 so1 in its living organisation1 the human body is extraordinarily and in a number of ways essentially plant-like4 ,the brain and the nervous system may be regarded1 indeed1 as a highly-differentiated ,cerebro-,nervous organism grafted upon a simpler ,vital1 and vegetative body1 from which1 as from a soil1 it draws its life and energy3 and from which1 as age advances1 it gradually withdraws the power of further sustaining its existence4 ,this ,cerebro-,nervous graft perishes only because the ,vegetative body on which it is installed has come to the end of its power to sustain the life of the ,nervous organism picketed upon it4 ,the close resemblances in structure and in processes between the ,cells of vegetable and animal organisms1 when taken in conjunction with a number of other biological indications1 justify the conclusion that living bodies are actually vegetative organisms to which have been super-added1 by progressive evolutionary differentiations1 faculties of ,motion and of ,consciousness4 7,plants are recognised as possessing rudimentary consciousness4 ,while ,growth is a mode of ,motion47 ,the trunk1 which contains the respiratory1 circulatory1 nutritive and reproductive organs represents the ,vitative1 or ,vegetative1 system4 ,the brain with its tributary spinal cord and spinal-nervous system represents the ,sensori-motor organism4 ,while the limbs are highly-differentiated implements which the ,cerebro-,nervous organism has developed in the ,vitative organism2 to serve it with means of locomotion and of action1 for the achievement of intelligent purpose4 ,the lungs1 with their ramifications of tubes and their air-cells1 closely resemble the branches and leaves of a tree1 which spread into and absorb from the atmosphere the oxygen whereby it lives4 ,while the convoluted intestines are like the roots of a tree1 absorbing nurture for it from environment4 ,the ,vegetative organism1 being the agency of ,life1 is female in origin and inherence4 ,the ,cerebro-spinal organism1 being the agency of ,adaptation1 is male in origin and inherence4 ,in both1 however1 the inherences of the other sex are represented4 ,the body resembles thus a bi-sexual plant1 its root-stock being female and ,recessive1 with a male ,dominant and differentiating organism incorporated in it4 ,x ,vegetative body has its own brain and nervous system and its 7involuntary7 muscles ,this ,vegetative body has its own separate 7organic7 brain1 in the ,solar ,plexus--or ,abdominal brain--and its nervous system1 in the intricate ,sympathetic system of nerves2 which1 in addition to administering the nutrition of the body1 is intimately and closely associated1 in psychology1 with the brain and with the spinal-nervous system of the ,psychical organism4 ,itself subconscious1 this organic brain nevertheless contributes vital impulse and colour to ,consciousness4 ,it possesses also its own specialised system of muscles1 the ,involuntary muscles2 which are not under control of the conscious brain and will1 but operate automatically--by so-called reflex action4 ,the motions they subtend are concerned with vital functions2 nutrition1 respiration1 circulation1 assimilation1 elimination1 reproduction4 ,the ,vitative organism1 being vegetative of growth and passive of mode1 needs rest and sun and wind and air and water for its nurture and development4 ,with that rising of the sap in the world of vegetation which occurs in spring1 kindred processes occur within the human vegetative body4 ,it responds to the re-creative forces of its mother-earth4 ,with every recurring ,spring-tide1 youth turns again to thoughts of love1 because of this natural renaissance of its vitative resources1 for purposes of re-creation--both of ,cells and individuals4 ,old age is a permanent winter of this plant-body4 ,summer suns revive but little more than flickerings of its vegetative pulsings4 ,although the psychical life1 intellectual and nervous1 may be still vigorous1 the sap of the plant-body no longer rises1 quick and warm and fructifying1 to earth's perennial call4 ,this plant-like body with its plant-like fruiting ,cells1 it is1 that when charged with the graces and magnetic potences of health and high nurture1 supplies the pleasing personality found not seldom in sinners1 while often conspicuously lacking in saints--a seeming anomaly which has gone far to discredit the virtues4 ,by way of it1 human personality resembles a mystical flowering plant that breathes and feels and moves2 and a fruiting plant that reproduces4 ,the ,cerebro-,nervous system animates and intelligises this beautiful vessel of flesh wherein it subsists4 ,the vigour of its ,vegetative stock1 supplementing brain and nervous system by fine structure1 fine stature1 organic vigour1 native faculty1 and reproductive power1 has given the ,anglo-,saxon race its world-wide rule4 ,it is to this that its women have owed their shapely frames1 their healthful constitutions and their loveliness2 the warm tints of hair and skin1 the fresh and flower-like complexions1 and the fruit-like form and bloom of cheek for which they once were famed4 ,rich personal charm and sweetness of healthful condition which are all too swiftly passing from our modern women1 hag-ridden by a strenuousness that is wrecking the flower-body1 with its vital joy and warmth1 its grace of being and its bliss of sense1 its temperamental thrill and colour4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the doctrine of ,evolution is signally incomplete unless we realise it as a sequence of progressive developments1 direct and without intermission1 from the simplest forms of ,elemental ,matter to the highest1 living orders of ,creation--,mineral1 ,vegetable1 ,brute and ,human being progressive stages in the evolution of ,life and of ,consciousness2 graded by links so subtly and infinitesimally constituted as to belong equally to the kingdom below and to that above them4 ,the subject appears full of interest and suggestion1 showing all the planes of ,nature1 from mineral to man1 linked in an unbroken line by way of this half-vegetable body of flesh1 with its roots in earth and its branches in ,consciousness4 ,no more than this briefest of mentions can be given here1 however4 ,,xi ,mysterious ,internal ,secretions ,biologists tell of ,dual planes of operation in the processes of every organ of the body4 ,because some of these function on the external plane1 in visible secretions or in other ways calculable by scientific methods1 and they function1 too1 upon an ,inner and occulted1 plane2 in the form of mysterious ,internal ,secretions1 the mode and nature whereof have long baffled and eluded the most intricate scientific appliances and intellections4 ,what is indicated if not an ,inner1 and ,potential1 plane of ,life and vital processes--a plane of ,involution1 or ,recession 7centripetal7--whereon factors of environment1 air1 food1 water and so forth are transformed by vital involutionary processes1 into potentials of living form and function8 ,which potentials remain latent1 or ,recessive1 in the cells and glands secreting them1 and available for transformation by evolutionary processes1 into actualities of physical form and function on the ,outer 7centrifugal7 plane of ,life--the plane of ,evolution4 ,and ,life and health1 together with normality of faculty and function1 depend upon the perfect balance and co-ordination of these two contrary orders of factors and processes1 which1 ,i assume1 are engendered1 respectively1 in the ,male and the ,female departments of living organisms of both sexes4 ,all the vital functions--,respiration1 ,circulation1 ,digestion1 ,reproduction--may be classed as ,recessive functions1 because they are characterised by a ,recession1 or withdrawal1 from the ,without to the ,within4 ,this is a phenomenon of the ,involution of ,environment1 for transformation thereof into potential ,life1 and potential ,evolutionary output4 ,death is a centripetal withdrawal of the soul from the material ,without to an ,inner zone of ,spiritual1 or ,potential1 ,being4 ,and in due time1 analogy assures us1 having assimilated and transformed the resultant of a terrestrial existence into a new potential of ,life1 ,life issues forth again1 by the centrifugal impulse of re-,birth1 to differentiate itself once more in living form upon the ,outer plane4 7,re-incarnation is1 obviously1 the true interpretation of ,resurrection of the body1 which otherwise is scientifically impossible47 ,winter withdrawal1 or ,involution1 of the sap of ,vegetation from the outer plane of functioning to the inner plane of potential ,life1 whereby it derives such new increment of ,vital potential as1 with the outgoing of sap again in the renaissance of spring1 evolves in increased growth and new foliage1 is further example of the principle and processes of ,dominance and ,recessiveness--of the female ,vital impulse and the male ,developmental impetus1 operating in an eternal tidal rhythm of ebb and flow4 ,,xii ,dual planes of ,mentality3 ,outer and ,material1 ,inner and ,occult ,as in the ,domain of ,life and vital processes1 so in the ,domain of ,consciousness and nervous processes1 there are two planes of function2 an ,inner and occulted plane of ,mind1 or potential ,consciousness1 and an ,outer plane of material ,consciousness2 representing respectively afferent 7or centripetal7 and efferent 7or outgoing7 nervous currents4 ,faculty and sense may be regarded as having developed in one direction along lines of the telescope1 with increasing capability to horizon the ,without2 while they have developed simultaneously along lines of the microscope1 to reveal an ,invisible ,within4 ,the ,senses1 which adapt man's ,consciousness to environment by the functions of ,sight1 ,hearing1 ,touch1 ,taste1 ,smell1 have become1 with evolutionary development1 so increasingly sensitised in response to ,the ,without as ever further to have set him in rapport with the world exterior4 ,while1 at the same time1 so have they become sensitised in response to ,the ,within1 as ever further to have deepened and quickened his apprehension of an occulted ,interior plane4 ,faculty has acquired thus1 simultaneously with its increasing power of focusing the ,outer and ,objective1 an increasing power so to invert its focus as to penetrate ever more deeply into the ,inner and ,subjective1 alike of man's own constitution and that of environment4 ,these two contrary1 but co-operative1 modes of mentality are1 respectively1 ,intellection and ,intuition--,male and ,female modes of mind4 ,,xiii ,differentiation of the ,zygote1 or ,mated ,sex-cell ,i have described1 throughout1 the right side of the human body as the male-side--that in which the ,male-traits of ,humanity are specialised in the individual2 the left as the woman-side1 that in which the ,woman-traits of ,humanity are centred4 ,but the modes of constitution1 as of inheritance1 are more complex1 of course1 than that one parent supplies the potential of one side1 the other parent that of the other side4 ,as regards inheritance1 the maternal ovum comprises1 ,i believe1 the potential of the whole body1 with the exception of the brain1 the spinal-cord and the spinal nerves4 ,but because the mother is descended from parents of both sex1 and possesses1 therefore1 both ,male and ,female elements1 the ovum must contain 7as must every other cell7 both male and female factors4 ,these1 it is conceivable1 are grouped1 by contrary polarities1 into two areas1 or hemispheres2 an upper and a lower4 ,of these the upper is ,male in inherency4 ,it comprises the potentials of shoulders and spinal column which are fulcra of action1 and of lungs and heart which are the energising organs of ,life4 ,the lower hemisphere of the ovum is ,female in inherency4 ,it comprises the potentials of the pelvis1 which is the cradle of ,maternity1 of the reproductive organs1 which engender ,life and the emotions1 and of the digestive and assimilative organs1 which engender vital processes4 ,so too1 because the male parent is likewise descended from parents of opposite sex1 his contribution to offspring must also contain both male and female factors4 ,but while the mother supplies1 in the ovum1 the potential of the whole body--face and head1 trunk1 limbs and vital organs1 the father contributes the potential of the brain1 the spinal cord and the spinal nerves only1 which adapt the organism1 by way of form and ,consciousness1 to environment4 ,the limbs1 which adapt it1 by way of ,motion1 to environment1 may be regarded as differentiations primarily of the brain and nervous system4 ,the ovum is spheroidal2 the sperm-cell rectilinear 7following the rule that the line of ,maleness is a straight one2 that of ,femaleness1 a curve74 ,and as in the spheroidal ovum1 the factors of the opposite sexes1 grouped into two areas1 separate it into hemispheres of opposite sex-inherency1 so in the rectilinear sperm-cell1 we may surmise the factors of the two sexes to be grouped lengthwise1 and to separate it thus into a male side and a female side4 ,such a sperm-cell penetrating the ovum1 and developing laterally1 further differentiates this into anterior1 posterior and lateral areas4 ,the two lateral developments of this potential brain and spinal cord and nerves eventually constitute the right and the left brain-hemispheres1 and differentiate the body into right and left sides4 ,the left brain-hemisphere1 with its half of the spinal cord and nerves1 is derived from the male side of the sperm-cell2 while the right brain-hemisphere1 with its half of the spinal cord and spinal nerves1 is derived from the female side 7by inheritance7 of the sperm cell4 ,weismann describes the ,germ-,plasm as being transmitted in the female line solely1 from ovum of mother to that of daughter4 ,this supports the above view2 namely1 that the ,germ-,plasm proper is inherent in the ovum1 in which it exists in potential1 or undifferentiated1 form1 and that it becomes differentiated 7in both sexes7 into a right and a left-reproductive gland of contrary sex-inherence1 by differentiative power of the dual-sexed sperm-cell4 ,the re-polarisation of the fertilised ovum1 which is visible beneath the microscope1 would seem to represent this differentiative process4 ,since the microcosm is as the macrocosm1 the ,dual constitution must be repeated in every living cell of the body2 the cell-plasma representing the vegetative system1 the cell-nucleus representing the cerebro-nervous system4 ,possibly the nucleolus is the ,supra- and ,subconscious element4 ,,xiv ,inorganic ,matter is ,dual and ,hermaphrodite4 ,life breaks up this ,neuter counterpoise1 and progressively unlocks and segregates1 and thus reveals and specialises the inherent attributes of ,sex ,phenomena of ,duality characterise not ,living ,matter only1 but ,inorganic ,matter too4 ,the elemental atom is never found manifesting singly1 but always as two atoms coupled together1 in the form of the molecule2 these mated atoms being of opposite electrical potential4 ,and since ,living ,matter has evolved out of ,inorganic ,matter--what is to be inferred but that the duality of the living cell is the evolution1 on the plane of ,life1 of the duality of the chemical molecule8 ,further1 that the duality of living forms in terms of sex-characteristics is the evolution1 on the plane of ,living ,faculty1 of the duality alike of the living cell and of the chemical molecule2 the two sexes representing1 respectively1 the contrary inherences of all these dualities1 specialised and ever further intensifying in the contrary trends of the opposite ,sex-traits of ,male and ,female4 ,the elemental molecule is seen thus to be hybrid1 or hermaphrodite1 in constitution1 precisely as the living cell and the living body are4 ,while that both living cells and inorganic crystals reproduce1 proves factors of ,sex differentiated and functioning in them4 ,the inertia of ,matter is due to the hermaphrodite state2 its contrary ,sex-impulses interlocking and nullifying one another4 ,life breaks up this neuter state of equipoise1 by increasingly segregating the dual-sex-inherences and evolving each along its own intrinsic trend2 thereby engendering between their dual factors fructifying interoperations which result in the motions of ,growth and other vital processes4 ,growth is a phenomenon of ,reproduction4 ,living cells increase their substance by germination of their bi-sexual elements4 ,attaining maturity1 a cell divides into two cells1 each of which by way of similar processes develops into a mature cell4 ,and since for all ,change1 two 7or more7 contrary impulses are necessary1 and since ,reproduction is a function of ,sex1 what is to be inferred but that ,evolution and ,growth and all other phenomena of living cells result from oppositions1 co-operations and correlations of the contrary impetus and processes of two orders of sex-factors present therein8 ,by way alone of their bi-sexuality1 are cells1 both animal and vegetable1 able to reproduce the cell-offspring required by living organisms for processes of growth1 of function and repair4 ,,printed ,,in ,,great ,,britain ,,by ,,richard ,,clay ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,brunswick ,,st41 ,,stamford ,,st41 ,s4,e4#a ,,and ,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woman ,,and ,,labour ,by ,,olive ,,schreiner ,demy #hvo1 cloth1 #hs4 #f;d4 net ,,seventh ,,impression ,at last there has come the book which is destined to be the prophecy and the gospel of the whole awakening4444 ,remarkable as this book of ,olive ,schreiner's is1 merely as an intellectual achievement1 its greatness and its life are in the emotional power which has found its stimulus and its inspiration in a vision of the future4444 ,a book which will be read and discussed for many years to come4--,the ,nation4 ,it is a fascinating mingling of keen argument1 scientific knowledge1 historical pageantry1 rushing emotion1 written 7need it be said7 in that adorned prose which is ,olive ,schreiner's characteristic style4444 ,the book 444 is an epic4--,mr4 ,j4 ,,ramsay ,,macdonald in ,the ,daily ,chronicle4 ,all the qualities which long ago won for ,olive ,schreiner the gratitude and admiration of readers all over the globe are here in their old strength4 ,there is fierce satire2 there is deep-souled eloquence4 ,there is the same quick reasoning1 the same tenderness1 the same poetic insight into the puzzle of life4444 ,the feelings which are behind the various women's movements could not find clearer or more eloquent expression than they do in this remarkable book4--,the ,daily ,mail4 ,it is one of those books which are sunrises1 and give us spacious and natural horizons4 ,like ,mazzini's essays1 it is logic touched with emotion1 politics on fire4 ,one may begin to doubt the cause of woman's rights when the opponents of sex equality produce an equally glowing earnest and prophetic book4--,the ,daily ,news4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,ltd41 #a ,adelphi ,terrace1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,baby ,,welfare ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,its ,,acquisition ,,and ,,maintenance ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,,robinson1 ,m4,d4 ,assistant ,physician and ,pathologist to the ,infants' ,hospital1 ,london ,demy #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 net ,we congratulate the author on his careful study of the healthy infant1 about whom it has too long been difficult to obtain exact information4--,the ,lancet4 ,a valuable addition to the literature dealing with the scientific knowledge of infancy and early childhood4444 ,the book starts with a brief and easily comprehended exposition of physical characteristics1 a groundwork of great value to intelligent women who desire1 from one reason or another1 to be self-reliant as far as possible where their babies are concerned4 ,a chapter devoted to ',the ,healthy ,infant' gives in pleasingly lucid fashion a picture of what a baby should be doing at each point of its development4--,the ,queen4 ,this book deals fully and clearly with the physiology of the infant2 with dietetics1 based on a study of human and cow's milk1 as supplied to it2 with the effects of faulty upbringing1 more especially of faulty feeding2 the signs1 causes and treatment of diseased conditions1 and so on4 ,it should be a valuable aid to the intelligent mother or nurse4--,nursing ,notes4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,ltd41 #a ,adelphi ,terrace ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,woman ,,and ,,marriage ,a ,,handbook ,by ,,margaret ,,stephens ,with a ,preface by ,,dr4 ,,mary ,,scharlieb1 and an ,introduction by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,barnett ,large crown #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 net ,,sixth ,,impression ,the direct purpose of this book is to explain very simply something of the structure and the use of parenthood1 and to show the possibilities which arise from it--in short1 to help women1 and men too--in the understanding of themselves4 ,it endeavours to increase intelligence on the subject of child-life by letting a clear light shine on those everyday matters of birth and life which are so often furtively wrapped in a mysterious and wholly distorting gloom4 ',woman and ,marriage' is an outspoken book which should be carefully read by those for whom it is written4 ,it is not a book for boys and girls2 it is a physiological handbook1 thoroughly well written1 orderly1 wholesome and practical4444 ,we commend this work to all who want a full account in simple words of the physical facts of married life4 ,all the difficulties of the subject are handled fearlessly1 gravely and reverently in this book1 and as it must be kept out of the reach of mere curiosity1 so it deserves thoughtful study by those of us whose lives it touches4--,the ,spectator4 ,if more such books were written1 and more such knowledge disseminated1 it would be a good thing for the wives and mothers of the present day4--,the ,times4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,ltd41 #a ,adelphi ,terrace1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,important ,,notice4 ,all the works mentioned in this list may be purchased through any bookseller4 ,they are also obtainable at all ,libraries4 ,any book-buyer wishing to see any of the books mentioned before purchasing them may1 on sending to ,mr4 ,unwin the name of his local bookseller1 have the opportunity of so doing4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,,ltd41 #a1 ,,adelphi ,,terrace1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4#b4 ,,contents ,,history ,,and ,,biography pages #a to #h ,,travel ,,description #h #i ,,politics1 ,,sociology ,,economics #aj #ac ,,belles ,,lettres #ad #af ,,poetry ,,and ,,drama #ag ,,miscellaneous #ah ,,fiction #ai to #ba ,,new ,,editions ,,and ,,impressions #bb #bg ,life and ,letters of ,silvanus ,phillips ,thompson1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,by ,,jane ,s4 ,,thompson and ,,helen ,g4 ,,thompson4 ,illustrated4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj74 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,this is a straightforward and somewhat intimate account of the career of a man of great and varied gifts4 ,born into the family of a simple ,quaker schoolmaster of ,york his extraordinary energy and devotion to science carried him into the foremost ranks of physicists1 an acknowledged leader in electro-technology and optics4 ,both as popular lecturer and as trainer of technical college students his skill was unrivalled1 and wheresoever he went his enthusiasm for men and things won him friendships1 alike in his own country and abroad4 ,many of the letters describe experiences on his journeys1 others adventures of the antiquarian in the pursuit of sixteenth and seventeenth century scientific literature1 and yet others tell of battles for truth in some field or other4 ,the book contains appreciations of his works as original investigator1 teacher1 writer1 artist1 and prophet1 and indirectly testifies to the warmth of personal regard which the frank geniality of his nature won for him in many spheres4 ,all and ,sundry3 ,more ,uncensored ,celebrities4 ,by ,e4 ,t4 ,,raymond1 ,author of ,uncensored ,celebrities4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,few books this year have attracted more attention or been more widely read than ,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,raymond's ,uncensored ,celebrities1 a work as caustic as it was impartial4 ,in his new work ,mr4 ,raymond does not limit himself to political personalities only1 but includes figures in the ,church1 such as the ,bishop of ,london and ,dean ,inge2 in literature1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,k4 ,chesterton1 ,mr4 ,hilaire ,belloc1 and ,mr4 ,rudyard ,kipling2 in journalism1 ,mr4 ,harold ,begbie1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,o',connor1 and ,mr4 ,leo ,maxse2 in art and music1 ,mr4 ,frank ,brangwyn and ,sir ,thomas ,beecham4 ,mr4 ,raymond includes also character sketches of ,president ,wilson1 ,m4 ,georges ,clemenceau1 the ,duke of ,somerset1 ,viscount ,chaplin1 ,viscount ,esher1 ,sir ,arthur ,conan ,doyle1 ,lord ,ernle1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 and many other prominent people4 ,wider in range than ,uncensored ,celebrities and equally brilliant1 this work may be expected to appeal to even a larger public than its remarkable predecessor4 ,the ,life of ,john ,payne4 ,by ,,thomas ,,wright1 ,author of ,the ,life of ,william ,cowper1 etc4 ,with #ah ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #bhs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,few great authors appeal more to the imagination than ,john ,payne1 the hero of ,the ,john ,payne ,society1 who shrank from the lime-light of interviewing4 ,recognised as a true poet by ,swinburne1 he was probably the most skilful translator of the nineteenth century1 for we owe to him a version of ,villon's poems which is itself a poetic work of consummate art1 the first complete translation of the ,arabian ,nights1 the first complete verse rendering of ,omar ,khayyam's quatrains1 to say nothing of translations of ,the ,decameron1 etc4 ,among his friends were ,swinburne1 ,sir ,richard ,burton1 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 ,arthur ,o',shaughnessy1 ,french authors such as ,victor ,hugo1 ,banville1 and ,mallarme1 and the artist who ventured to depict ,god with eyes turned inward upon ,his own glory4 ,mr4 ,wright by an extraordinary exercise of tact and sympathy was able to pass the barrier which shut ,payne off from anybody who sought to know the man behind the books4 ,for twelve years before ,payne's death in #aiaf he was his most intimate friend1 and as1 during all that time1 he had in view the writing of ,payne's ,life he lost next to none of his opportunities for obtaining at first hand the facts and opinions needed for his work4 ,moreover1 ,payne made him a present of a ,,ms4 autobiography and supplied him with valuable material from his letter-files4 ,mr4 ,wright was1 in fact1 ,payne's ,boswell1 and no life which may be written hereafter can have the weight and interest of this vivid book1 much of which gives us the sound of ,payne's own voice4 ,a ,history of ,modern ,colloquial ,english4 ,by ,,henry ,,cecil ,,wyld1 ,b4 ,litt4 7,oxon471 ,baines ,professor of ,english ,language and ,philology at the ,university of ,liverpool4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the book deals more particularly with the changes that have taken place during the last five hundred years in the spoken forms of ,english4 ,the development of ,english pronunciation and the changes in grammatical usage are dealt with in considerable detail1 and there is a chapter on idiomatic colloquialisms1 modes of greeting1 forms of address in society1 conventional and individual methods of beginning and ending private letters1 expletives1 etc4 ,the main part of the book is based almost entirely upon new material collected from the prose and poetical literature1 and also from ,letters1 ,diaries and ,wills written during the five centuries following the death of ,chaucer4 ,a sketch is given of the chief peculiarities of the ,english dialects from about #aaej1 to the end of the #adth century1 and special chapters are devoted to a general account of the languages of the #aeth1 #afth1 and #agth and #ahth centuries respectively4 ,many questions of general interest are dealt with1 such as the rise of a common literary form of ,english1 and its relation to the various spoken dialects2 the recognition of a standard form of spoken ,english1 and its variations from age to age1 and among different social classes4 ,the various types of ,english are illustrated by copious examples from the writings of all the periods under consideration4 ,this will be a work of much interest for the intelligent general reader as well as for the scholar4 ,professor ,wyld is the author of many well-known and widely read books of which this ought to prove not the least popular4 ,zanzibar3 ,past and ,present4 ,by ,,major ,,francis ,b4 ,,pearce1 ,c4,m4,g4 7,british ,resident in ,zanzibar71 ,with a ,map and #cb pages ,illustrations4 ,super ,royal #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #cjs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this important work deals with the past and present history of ,zanzibar4 ,from the earliest times this island1 owing to its commanding position off the coast of ,africa1 controlled the great trade-routes which traversed the ,continent from the ,indian to the ,atlantic ,oceans1 and it has remained to the present day the ,metropolis of the ,east ,african ,region4 ,it has known many over-lords1 and the author1 who is ,his ,majesty's ,representative in ,zanzibar1 traces the story of this romantic island-kingdom down the centuries4 ,the close association of this ,african island with ancient and mediaeval ,arabia is demonstrated1 and the advent of the old ,persian colonists to its shores explained4 ,coming to later times such names as ,vasco da ,gama and ,sir ,james ,lancaster1 that famous ,elizabethan sea-captain1 are met with2 until leaving beaten tracks1 the author introduces the reader to the hoary kingdom of ,oman1 whence came those princes of the ,arabian desert1 who subdued to their sway the rich spice-island of ,zanzibar1 and the adjacent territories of ,central ,africa4 ,modern ,zanzibar is fully dealt with1 and the enlightened ,prince who occupies the throne of ,zanzibar to-day is introduced to the reader in a personal interview4 ,the latter portion of the work is devoted to descriptions of the ruined ,arab and ,persian stone-built towns--the very names of which are now forgotten--which until cleared by the author1 lay mouldering in the forests of ,zanzibar and ,pemba4 ,the text is elucidated by a series of beautiful photographs and by specially prepared maps4 ,this volume must be regarded as the standard work on the ,sultanate of ,zanzibar4 ,the ,canadians in ,france1 #aiae-aiah ,by ,,capt4 ,,harwood ,,steele1 ,m4,c41 late ,headquarters ,staff1 #bnd ,canadian ,division4 ,with ,maps4 ,demy #hvo4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,captain ,steele1 who is already favourably known as the author of the spirited volume of poems entitled ,cleared for ,action1 here recounts the deeds of the famous force sent by ,canada to take part in the ,great ,war4 ,what ,st4 ,julien1 ,ypres1 ,st4 ,eloi1 the ,somme1 ,passchaendaele1 ,lens1 ,vimy1 ,amiens1 ,cambrai and ,mons1 #aiah mean in the glorious record of the ,allies will be fully understood by the reader of this book4 ,this is the first complete record of the achievements of the ,canadian divisions to be published4 ,captain ,steele served three years in ,france1 and participated in most of the important engagements in which the ,canadians took part4 ,drake1 ,nelson and ,napoleon3 ,studies4 ,by ,,sir ,,walter ,,runciman1 ,bart41 ,author of ,the ,tragedy of ,st4 ,helena1 etc4 ,illustrated4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,in this work ,sir ,walter ,runciman deals first with ,drake and what he calls the ,fleet ,tradition1 of which he regards ,drake1 the greatest ,elizabethan sailor1 as the indubitable founder2 next the author deals at considerable length with ,nelson1 his relations with ,lady ,hamilton1 and the various heroic achievements which have immortalised his name4 ,from ,nelson the author passes on to ,napoleon1 and shows how his career and policy have had a vital relation to the ,world ,war4 ,as himself a sailor of the old wooden-ships period1 ,sir ,walter is able to handle with special knowledge and intimacy the technique of the seafaring exploits of ,nelson2 and ,sir ,walter's analysis of the character of ,nelson1 a combination of vanity1 childishness1 statesmanlike ability1 and incomparable seamanship and courage1 is singularly well conceived4 ,bolingbroke and ,walpole4 ,by the ,rt4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,robertson1 ,author of ,shakespeare and ,chapman1 ,the ,economics of ,progress1 etc41 etc4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,many years ago1 in his ,introduction to ,english ,politics 7recast as ,the ,evolution of ,states71 ,mr4 ,robertson proposed to continue that survey in a series of studies of the leading ,english politicians1 from ,bolingbroke to ,gladstone4 ,taking up the long suspended plan1 he has now produced a volume on the two leading statesmen of an important period1 approaching its problems through their respective actions4 ,the aim is to present political history at once in its national and its personal aspects1 treating the personalities of politicians as important forces1 but studying at the same time the whole intellectual environment4 ,a special feature of the volume intended to be developed in those which may follow is a long chapter in ,the ,social ,evolution1 setting forth the nation's progress1 from generation to generation1 in commerce1 industry1 morals1 education1 literature1 art1 science1 and well-being4 ,seen from a ,railway ,platform4 ,by ,,william ,,vincent4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,mr4 ,vincent must from his early years have cultivated his faculty of observation1 and he has a marvellous memory for what he has seen or heard4 ,his recollections start from the early 'sixties1 when1 as a boy1 he got a situation as bookstall clerk1 from which position he rose to be bookstall manager in various parts of the country4 ,his experiences as bookstall manager on a railway platform1 with its continuously shifting crowds and contacts with various idiosyncracies1 are highly interesting1 but he recalls many events that have happened in his time away from the bookstall1 the notorious ,heenan fight1 the remarkable exhibition of the ,great ,eastern and others4 ,he gives curious accounts of the early railway carriages1 the treatment of the third-class passenger and much other lore concerning railway travel in the now distant days4 ,altogether1 ,mr4 ,vincent has produced a valuable volume of reminiscences4 ,life of ,liza ,lehmann4 ,by ,herself4 ,with a ,coloured ,frontispiece and #af pp4 ,illustrations4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,shortly before her death1 ,madame ,liza ,lehmann completed a volume of ,reminiscences4 ,a charming and gifted woman her life was spent in artistic and literary surroundings4 ,she was the daughter of an artist1 ,rudolf ,lehmann1 the wife of another1 ,herbert ,bedford1 one of her sisters being ,mrs4 ,barry ,pain1 and her cousins including ,muriel ,menie ,dowie 7,the ,girl in the ,carpathians7 and ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,lehmann1 of ,punch4 ,her memories include a dinner with ,verdi1 conversations with ,jenny ,lind1 anecdotes of ,edward ,,vii1 ,brahms1 ,mme4 ,clara ,butt1 and other celebrities4 ,as the composer of ,a ,persian ,garden1 she became world-renowned1 and her self-revelation is not less interesting than her tit-bits about other artists4 ,men and ,manner in ,parliament4 ,by ,,sir ,,henry ,,lucy4 ,with a ,biographical ,note and about #cb ,illustrations4 ,large ,crown #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,as ,member for the ,chiltern ,hundreds ,sir ,henry ,lucy published an interesting volume on the ,parliament of #ahgd4 ,the book has been long out of print1 but it again came on the tapis as it seemed to the publisher so thoroughly worth bringing to life again4 ,it is recorded in the authorised ,life of ,president ,wilson that study of the articles on their original publication in the ,gentleman's ,magazine directed his career into the field of politics4 ,he wrote to the author apropos this book3 ,i shall always think of you as one of my instructors4 ,the book is essentially a connected series of character-sketches written in the well-known witty manner of the famous ,punch diarist4 ,gladstone1 ,dizzy1 ,dilke1 ,bright1 ,auberon ,herbert1 ,roebuck1 ,sir ,stafford ,northcote1 etc41 are some of the leading figures1 and lesser-known ,m4,p4's resume a vigorous vitality1 thanks to ,sir ,henry's magic pen4 ,anglo-,american ,relations1 #ahfa-ahfe4 ,by ,,brougham ,,villiers ,w4 ,h4 ,,chesson4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this book deals with the causes of friction and misunderstandings between ,great ,britain and the ,united ,states during the trying years of the ,civil ,war4 ,the reasons which1 for a time1 gave prominence to the ,southern sympathies of the ,british ruling classes1 while rendering almost inarticulate the far deeper feeling for the ,cause of ,union and ,emancipation among the masses of our people1 are examined and explained4 ,such dramatic incidents as the ,trent affair1 the launching of the ,alabama1 and ,lincoln's ,emancipation ,proclamation are dealt with from the point of view of their effect upon opinion in this country as illustrated by contemporary correspondence and literature4 ,interesting facts1 now almost forgotten1 of the movements inaugurated by the ,english friends of the ,north to explain to our people the true issues at stake in the conflict are reproduced1 and an attempt is made to estimate the influence of the controversies of the time on the subsequent relations of the ,english-speaking peoples4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,chesson1 grandson of ,george ,thompson1 the anti-slavery orator1 who was ,william ,lloyd ,garrison's bosom friend1 contributes a chapter which attempts to convey an impression of the influence of ,transatlantic problems upon ,english oratory and the writings of public men4 ,woodrow ,wilson3 ,an interpretation4 ,by ,a4 ,,maurice ,,low1 ,author of ,the ,american ,people3 ,a ,study in ,national ,psychology1 with a ,portrait4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,maurice ,low has long been recognised as1 next to ,lord ,bryce1 the most acute1 discriminating1 and well-informed of the ,english critics of ,america4 ,his long residence in that country and his exhaustive study of certain phases of ,american life have given him a background for the interpretation of their political life4 ,mr4 ,low has written this interpretation of ,president ,wilson because the man to-day who occupies the largest place in the world's thought is almost as little understood by his own people as he is by the peoples of other countries1 and still remains an enigma1 but his point of view as an interpreter is that of a contemporary foreign observer who1 while having the benefit of long residence in the ,united ,states and an intimate knowledge of its people and politics1 may justly claim a detached point of view and to be uninfluenced by personal or political considerations4 ,peace-,making at ,paris4 ,by ,,sisley ,,huddleston4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,mr4 ,huddleston has been one of the most independent commentators of the proceedings at the ,paris ,conference1 with a keen sense of the realities1 and his despatches have1 in the phrase of one of our best-known authors1 made him easily the best of the ,paris correspondents4 ,this book aims at giving a broad account of the seven months which followed the ,armistice2 but the writer has a point of view and has not told the story of these memorable days objectively1 such as might have been done by any compiler with the aid of the newspapers4 ,a resident in ,paris1 he has lived close to the heart of the ,conference1 and throws a vivid light on certain events which it is of the utmost importance to understand4 ,thus the famous moderation interview1 which was followed by the telegram of protest from #cgj ,m4,p4's and the return to ,westminster of the ,prime ,minister1 who made the most sensational speech of his career1 came from his pen4 ,the attitude of ,mr4 ,wilson is specially studied2 his apotheosis and the waning of his star and his apparent lapse from ,wilsonianism is explained4 ,there is shown the dramatic clash of ideas4 ,special attention is devoted to the strange and changing policy in ,russia1 and some extremely curious episodes are revealed4 ,this is not merely a timely publication1 but the volume is likely to preserve for many years its place as the most illuminating piece of work about the two hundred odd days in ,paris4 ,it is certain to raise many controversies1 and it is one of those books which it is indispensable to read4 ,letters of ,anne ,gilchrist and ,walt ,whitman4 ,edited with an ,introduction by ,,thomas ,b4 ,,harned 7,one of ,walt ,whitman's ,literary ,executors74 ,cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,anne ,gilchrist1 a charming woman of rare literary culture and intelligence1 who was born in #ahbh and died in #ahhe1 was ,whitman's first notable female eulogist in ,england1 her essay on him being a valuable piece of pioneer-criticism4 ,admiration in her case became identified with love2 in the 'seventies she wrote ,whitman ardent love letters1 the contents of which would have surprised any literary man less acquainted than he was to heroic candour4 ,whitman was not insensible to the affectionate feelings of ,mrs4 ,gilchrist 7her husband died in #ahfa71 and his share of their correspondence is of considerable interest to students of ,leaves of ,grass4 ,breaking the ,hindenburg ,line3 ,the ,story of the #dfth 7,north ,midland7 ,division4 ,by ,,raymond ,e4 ,,priestley1 ,author of ,antarctic ,adventure4 ,illustrated4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression47 #gs4 #f;d4 ,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,written by a member of the ,division for his comrades and their relatives and friends1 the book is first of all intended to place on record for the ,north ,midland people the deeds of their men during the weeks which crowned four years of steadfast endeavour during the ,great ,war4 ,it has1 however1 a wider significance1 and thus deserves a wider circulation4 ,the ,north ,midland county regiments were composed mainly of miners1 machinists1 operatives and agriculturists3 men without military traditions or militant desires4 ,the last men to take to war without an all-compelling reason4 ,the ,transvaal ,surrounded4 ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,leyds1 ,litt4,d41 ,author of ,the ,first ,annexation of the ,transvaal4 ,with ,maps4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #bas4 #j;d4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,this work is a continuation of ,the ,first ,annexation of the ,transvaal by the same author1 and like the previous volume is based chiefly on ,british documents1 ,blue ,books1 and other official records4 ,references are given to these1 and the reader can form his own opinion from them4 ,to find his way through the overwhelming mass of documents is only possible for the man who for long years drew up and signed most of the papers issued by his ,government4 ,for the official records accessible to the historian are incomplete2 they must be supplemented by the archives of the ,republic4 ,only when this has been done--as it has now by one who knows--will the history of the relations between ,england and the ,boers be freed from falsehood and slander4 ,modern ,japan3 ,its ,political1 ,military and ,industrial ,development4 ,by ,,william ,,montgomery ,,mcgovern1 ,ph4,d41 ,m4,r4,a4,d41 ,f4,r4,a4,i41 ,m4,j4,s41 etc4 ,lecturer on ,japanese1 ,school of ,oriental ,studies 7,unv4 of ,lond471 ,priest of the ,nishi1 ,hongwaryi1 ,kyoto1 ,japan1 7,spring1 #aibj47 #bas4 #j;d4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,unlike the book of casual impressions by the tourist or globe-trotter or a tedious work of reference for the library1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern's book on ,modern ,japan1 gives for the average educated man an interesting description of the evolution of ,japan as a modern world ,power1 and describes the gradual triumphs over innumerable obstacles which she accomplished4 ,the book relates how the ,restoration of #ahfg was carried out by a small coterie of ex-,samurai1 in whose hands1 or in that of their successors1 political power has ever since remained4 ,we see portrayed the perfecting of the ,bureaucratic machine1 the general1 political and institutional history1 the stimulation of militarism and ,imperialism1 and centralised industry4 ,it is a vivid account of the real ,japan of to-day1 and of the process by which it has become so4 ,though comprehensible to the non-technical reader1 yet the most careful student of ,far ,eastern affairs will find much of value in the acute analysis of the ,japanese nation4 ,the author is one who has resided for years in ,japan1 was largely educated there1 who was in the ,japanese ,government service1 and who1 by his fluent knowledge of the language1 was in intimate contact with all the leading statesmen of to-day4 ,furthermore his position as priest of the great ,buddhist temple of ,kyoto brought him in touch with phases of ,japanese life most unusual for a ,european4 ,while neither pro nor anti-,japanese1 he has delineated the extraordinary efficiency of the machine of ,state 7so largely modelled on ,germany71 while1 at the same time1 he has pointed out certain dangers inherent in its autocratic bureaucracy4 ,,travel ,,and ,,description ,byways in ,southern ,tuscany4 ,by ,,katherine ,,hooker4 ,with #fj full-page ,illustrations1 besides sketches in the text and a removable ,frontispiece1 the end papers being a coloured map of ,southern ,tuscany by ,porter ,garnett4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #ahs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,in addition to its absorbing historic interest this book has the claim of recording the impressions of a vivacious and observant lady who describes what she has seen in modern ,tuscany from ,san ,galgano to ,sorano4 ,those who like books which conjure up beautiful historic places and fascinating romances of real life will be sure to enjoy this handsome volume4 ,among the stories related by the author is the harrowing one of ,nello ,pannocchieschi told by ,dante1 the scene of which is the ill-famed ,maremma1 mentioned in a proverb as a district where ,you grow rich in a year1 but die in six months4 ,the ,romantic ,roussillon3 ,in the ,french ,pyrenees4 ,by ,,isabel ,,savory4 ,with ,illustrations by ,m4 ,,landseer ,,mackenzie4 ,super ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this book is written for a double purpose3 to reveal to lovers of sculpture the beauties of certain ,romanesque work hitherto hidden in remote corners of the ,pyrenees1 and to suggest to travellers the attractions of a little country formerly known as the ,roussillon1 which now forms part of the ,pyrenees ,orientales4 ,well off the beaten track1 though within easy reach of ,london1 it should appeal to lovers of fine scenery and to students of ,romanesque and mediaeval architecture4 ,miss ,isabel ,savory1 author of ,the ,tail of the ,peacock and ,a ,sportswoman in ,india1 has explored every inch of it4 ,each chapter is a witness to the writer's research in the ,library at ,perpignan1 coupled with a graphic description of the country from an artistic point of view1 and lively portraits of the ,catalam as he exists to-day4 ,miss ,muriel ,landseer ,mac,kenzie1 sculptor and great-niece of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer1 gives a series of pencil drawings of which the collotype process makes faithful reproductions4 ,apart from their own merit1 they represent subjects of which apparently no records exist1 details of ,byzantine and ,romanesque architecture discovered in neglected abbeys1 old churches1 and ruins in the hills4 ,at the end of the book there is a map and a few practical notes for travellers which indicate that prices are moderate1 and that there are good roads for motorists1 though the country is pre-eminently adapted for those who like the informality of the knapsack and the mountain path4 ,in the ,wilds of ,south ,america3 ,six ,years of ,exploration in ,colombia1 ,venezuela1 ,british ,guiana1 ,peru1 ,bolivia1 ,argentina1 ,paraguay1 and ,brazil4 ,by ,,leo ,e4 ,,miller1 of the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history4 ,first ,lieutenant in the ,united ,states ,aviation ,corps4 ,with #dh ,full-page ,illustrations and with maps4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this volume represents a series of almost continuous explorations hardly ever paralleled in the huge areas traversed4 ,the author is a distinguished field naturalist--one of those who accompanied ,colonel ,roosevelt on his famous ,south ,american expedition--and his first object in his wanderings over #aej1jjj miles of territory was the observation of wild life2 but hardly second was that of exploration4 ,the result is a wonderfully informative1 impressive1 and often thrilling narrative in which savage peoples and all but unknown animals largely figure1 which forms an infinitely readable book and one of rare value for geographers1 naturalists1 and other scientific men4 ,millions from ,waste4 ,by ,frederick ,a4 ,,talbot1 ,author of ,the ,oil ,conquest of the ,world1 ,all ,about ,inventions and ,discoveries1 ,moving ,pictures2 ,how they are ,made and ,worked1 ,practical ,cinematography1 ,the ,building of a ,great ,canadian ,railway1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,in this book1 ,mr4 ,frederick ,a4 ,talbot1 whose many volumes dealing with invention1 science1 and industry in a popular manner have achieved such a successful vogue1 introduces us to what may very appropriately be described as a fairyland of successful endeavour in a little known field4 ,the present work does not aim at being a treatise upon the whole subject1 because it is far too vast to be covered within the covers of a single volume4 ,he takes us1 as it were1 into the less frequented1 yet more readily accessible by-ways1 where exceptional opportunities occur for one and all sections of the community to contribute to one of the greatest economic issues of the day4 ,every industry1 every home1 contributes to the waste problem2 each incurs a certain proportion of residue which it cannot use4 ,this circumstance1 combined with the knowledge that it is our duty to discover a commercial use for such by-products1 has been responsible for many happy stories of success achieved during voyages of discovery which the author duly records4 ,mr4 ,talbot does not confine himself to a mere recital of the so-called waste products4 ,he describes how their recovery and exploitations may be profitably conducted1 so that the present volume is of decided practical value4 ,he treats of the fertility of thought displayed by the inventor1 chemist1 and engineer in the evolution of simple ways and means to turn despised materials into indispensable articles of commerce4 ,many of the appliances are of a striking and highly ingenious character and cannot fail to excite interest4 ,the ,nations and the ,league4 ,by ,various ,writers4 ,with an ,introductory ,chapter by ,sir ,,george ,,paish4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this important work presents the views of eminent men of different nationalities upon one of the most burning questions of the day4 ,french views are supplied by ,m4 ,leon ,bourgeois1 ,president of the ,association ,francaise pour la ,societe des ,nations1 and the famous ,french barrister1 ,m4 ,andre ,mater1 whose historical account of experiments already made in ,international ,leagues1 is of high interest4 ,the ,president of ,columbia ,university1 ,dr4 ,nicholas ,murray ,butler1 supplies an essay on ,patriotism in which this noble quality is rightly adjusted to a larger idea of human brotherhood than has formerly been connected with it4 ,sir ,sidney ,low presents a ,british view1 and ,messrs4 ,louis ,strauss and ,a4 ,heringa contribute ,dutch and ,belgian views respectively4 ,mr4 ,johan ,castberg1 ,president of the ,norwegian ,odelsting1 and the celebrated explorer1 ,dr4 ,nansen1 write for ,norway1 and the ,germans have a spokesman in ,professor ,lujo ,brentano1 of ,munich4 ,sir ,george ,paish brings his long experience and expert knowledge to bear on the economic questions that confront the ,league4 ,local ,development ,law3 ,a ,survey of the ,powers of ,local ,authorities in ,regard to ,housing1 ,roads1 ,buildings1 ,lands and ,town ,planning4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,dowdall1 ,barrister-at-,law1 ,lecturer on ,town ,planning ,law in the ,university of ,liverpool and ,legal ,member of the ,town ,planning ,institute4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this book1 which incorporates the important legislation just passed on the subject1 has been written at the request of architects and surveyors as well as lawyers1 council clerks1 and councillors1 who have complained that they have been unable to find the kind of information which it supplies in a brief1 comprehensive1 and intelligible form4 ,for the law of housing1 roads1 parks1 open spaces1 allotments1 public buildings1 town planning1 private ,bill procedure1 compensation1 and kindred matters bearing on the public control of land and the use of land for public purposes is contained in many large volumes through which even a skilled lawyer finds his way with difficulty4 ,mr4 ,dowdall's work deals with all these subjects systematically and fully1 almost in the form of a code1 but it is held together and enlivened by a certain measure of historical and illustrative matter1 and avoids unnecessary detail by giving references through which the fullest information is made readily accessible to those who desire it1 but perhaps do not know where to look for it4 ,the author is of opinion that local authorities are often imperfectly aware of the full range and scope of the powers which they enjoy1 or of the manner in which they might be co-ordinated and brought to bear upon what is1 after all1 the single and indivisible problem of town planning and town improvement4 ,my ,italian ,year4 ,observations and ,reflections in ,italy1 #aiag-ah4 ,by ,,joseph ,,collins4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage4 #f;d4 ,in the latter part of #aiag the author was assigned to military duty in ,italy4 ,the nature of his duties brought him in close contact with ,italians in every walk of life and every part of the kingdom4 ,italy was not previously unknown to him1 as he had made already frequent visits4 ,he presents a study of the ,italian temperament1 describes the different social classes1 gives a study of the governmental machine1 describes various sights and monuments 7not at all in the tourist manner71 and altogether writes a very original book4 ,the author has been trained by a life of observation1 examination and deduction1 as the work itself clearly shows4 ,he writes with lucidity and charm1 and though1 as he says1 he has been since childhood a lover of ,italy1 he writes with great impartiality of certain features of the ,italian people4 ,despite the fact that the war enters the book to a certain extent1 its main interest is by no means the war1 but the fascinating study it presents of the ,italian character1 ways and manners1 and of ,italy generally4 ,instincts of the ,herd in ,peace and ,war4 ,by ,w4 ,,trotter4 ,new ,library ,edition4 ,revised and ,enlarged4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,,press ,,opinions ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,edition4 ,an exceedingly original essay on individual and social psychology4--,,the ,,new ,,statesman4 ,it is a balanced and inspiring study of one of the prime factors of human advance4--,,the ,,times4 ,the main purpose of ,mr4 ,trotter's book1 which may be commended both for its logic and its circumspection1 is to suggest that the science of psychology is not a mass of dreary and indefinite generalities1 but if studied in relation to other branches of biology1 a guide in the actual affairs of life1 enabling the human mind to foretell the course of human action4--,,daily ,,telegraph4 ,boy-,work3 ,exploitation or ,training8 ,by the ,rev4 ,,spencer ,j4 ,,gibb1 ,author of ,the ,problem of ,boy-,work1 etc4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,mr4 ,spencer ,gibb ,is well known as a writer on the social and economic problems which arise from the employment of boys4 ,his new book1 is a systematic consideration of these problems1 as the conclusion of the ,war has left them1 and of the remedies which are being proposed4 ,it seeks to co-ordinate these reforms so as to lead to a solution of the problem4 ,but the book is of wider than merely economic and industrial interest4 ,the problem as ,mr4 ,gibb sees it is not only one of boy-work1 but of the boy at work4 ,he therefore examines1 with close analysis and sympathetic knowledge1 the psychology and physiology of the boy at the age of entering upon work and in the succeeding years1 and traces the reaction of working conditions1 not only upon his economic future1 but upon his character4 ,the ,land and the ,soldier4 ,by ,,frederick ,c4 ,,howe1 ,author of ,the ,only ,possible ,peace1 etc4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the author believes that this is the moment for extensive social and agricultural reconstruction3 the large bodies of returning soldiers on the outlook for work gives an unparalleled opportunity for experiment toward this2 and the war experience of the ,government gained in financing and organising war industries and communities could be applied with great advantage and effect4 ,the plan is based on the organisation of farm colonies somewhat after the ,danish models1 not on reclaimed or distant land1 but upon land never properly cultivated1 often near the large cities1 and aims to connect with the communities thus formed the social advantages of1 for instance1 the garden villages of ,england4 ,in fact1 the author advances a broad and thoughtful programme1 looking toward an extensive agricultural and social organisation1 and based upon a long and careful study of experiments in this line in other times and countries as well as here4 ,it is a book that no one concerned with reconstruction can afford to neglect4 ,the ,only ,possible ,peace4 ,by ,,frederick ,c4 ,,howe1 ,author of ,privilege and ,democracy1 ,the ,city1 ,the ,hope of ,democracy1 etc4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,under modern industrial conditions it is conflicts springing from economic forces that are mainly responsible for war forces that seek for control of other people's lands1 territories1 trade resources1 or the land and water ways which control such economic opportunities4 ,mr4 ,howe's work1 keeping these essential points in view1 is an attempt to show how to anticipate and avoid war rather than how to provide means for the arbitration of disputes after they have arisen4 ,mr4 ,howe1 a widely known student of economics and international questions1 has here produced a book of the highest importance4 ,nationalities in ,hungary4 ,by ,,andre ,,de ,,hevesy4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,this is a study of the many and various nationalities of which ,hungary is composed1 of their respective characters1 and of the problems which confront these nationalities4 ,the author advocates a sort of ,united ,states of ,hungary1 giving each nationality the fullest liberty of internal self-determination4 ,included in the work is an ethnographical map of ,hungary which is of great assistance to the reader4 ,the ,new ,america4 ,by ,,frank ,,dilnot1 ,author of ,lloyd ,george3 the ,man and ,his ,story1 etc4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,this volume presents in a series of short1 vivacious sketches the impressions made on a trained observer from ,england of life in the ,united ,states during #aiag and #aiah4 ,manners1 outlook and temperament are dealt with appreciatively1 and there is a good-humored analysis of how ,americans eat1 drink and amuse themselves4 ,the chapters include ,the ,women of ,america1 ,american ,hustle and ,humour1 ,president ,wilson at ,close ,quarters4 ,there is an intimate character-sketch at first-hand of ,general ,rush ,c4 ,hawkins1 who raised and commanded the ,new ,york ,zouaves in the ,civil ,war1 with a narrative of some of his conversations with ,lincoln4 ,home ,rule ,through ,federal ,devolution4 ,by ,,frederick ,w4 ,,pim4 ,with an ,introduction by ,,frederic ,,harrison4 ,paper covers4 #as4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #b;d4 ,the author assumes that there is a general consensus that extensive modifications of our existing legislative and administrative systems are urgently required1 and that all indications seem to show that the present time offers an exceptional opportunity for dealing with them4 ,he offers federal devolution as the solution of the ,irish question4 ,mr4 ,frederic ,harrison makes a valuable contribution to the pamphlet4 ,bye ,paths in ,curio ,collecting4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden1 ,author of ,chats on ,old ,clocks1 ,chats on ,old ,silver1 etc4 ,with a ,frontispiece and #gb ,full ,page ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the broad way of collecting is crowded with bargain-hunters4 ,competitors are keen and prices are high4 ,all real collectors love peregrinations into the unknown1 and have often stumbled upon quaint and long-forgotten objects which were once in everyday use1 but are now relegated to the attic or the lumber-room4 ,in furniture there are many objects not deemed desirable by the fashionable collector2 in porcelain and earthenware there is still much that has not reached the noisy mart to be chaffered over as being rare4 ,there are precious and beautiful things comparatively unsought and unconsidered4 ,modernity has forgotten many by-gone necessities4 ,the tinder-box with its endless varieties has not escaped studious attention but it has not come into the forefront of collecting as has the ornate and bejewelled snuff-box with its more highly attractive appearance4 ,old ,playing-,cards1 ,old ,fans1 ,silhouettes1 ,patch-,boxes1 ,snuffers1 ,old ,keys1 ,old ,chests and ,coffers1 ,earrings1 ,brass ,table-,bells1 ,carved ,watch-,stands1 ,curious ,teapots1 ,tea-,caddies and ,caddy-,spoons1 ,tobacco-,boxes1 ,tobacco-,stoppers1 have their appeal to collectors who have specialised and have become experts--that is1 have left the highway of collecting and pursued a delightful search in the bye-paths4 ,this volume deals with these1 among other subjects4 ,the author has drawn upon his notebooks for twenty-five years1 and has opened to the reader a wonderful storehouse of miscellaneous information illuminated with a gallery of photographic reproductions4 ,as a pleasant guide in the bye-paths of collecting1 ,mr4 ,hayden will fascinate those real collectors who love collecting for its own sake4 ,shakespeare and the ,welsh4 ,by ,,frederick ,j4 ,,harries4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #aes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the author has dealt with his highly interesting subject in a manner both critical and attractive4 ,not only has he examined ,shakespeare's knowledge of ,welsh characteristics through a study of his ,welsh characters1 but he has also collected much valuable information regarding the ,celtic sources from which ,shakespeare drew his materials4 ,the opportunities which probably presented themselves to the poet for studying ,welshmen at first hand are suggested1 and an endeavour is made to arrive at an explanation of ,shakespeare's singularly sympathetic attitude toward the ,welsh nation4 ,what will strike the general reader most1 perhaps1 is the variety of topics which arise around ,shakespeare's ,celtic allusions1 and a subject of great interest to the ,welsh reader will be the claim that ,shakespeare was descended through his paternal grandmother from the old ,welsh kings4 ,the claim is not a mere speculative one1 for a pedigree is given4 ,the work is unique in many respects1 and should find a welcome not merely among ,welshmen1 but among all ,shakespeare students4 ,my ,commonplace ,book4 ,j4,t4 ,,hackett4 ,dem #hvo1 ,cloth4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,the title of this bock1 it is needless to say1 does not mean that the contents are commonplace4 ,it is a very rich collection of choice extracts from the verse and prose of famous writers1 and writers who deserve to be famous4 ,swinburne is particularly well represented1 as is seldom the case in anthologies4 ,the arrangement of the book and the accuracy of the matter have been the subject of careful consideration4 ,some ,greek ,masterpieces in ,dramatic and ,bucolic ,poetry ,thought into ,english ,verse4 ,by ,,william ,,stebbing1 ,m4,a41 ,hon4 ,fellow of ,worcester ,college1 ,oxford1 and ,fellow of ,king's ,college1 ,london4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,the author1 who is a scholar1 presents in this volume an ,english verse anthology of two departments in ,greek poetry4 ,among the passages and poems which he has rendered are the charge against ,olympus by ,prometheus1 the ,hymn of the ,furies1 ,iphigenia's appeals to her father and mother1 ,hue and ,cry after ,cupid1 etc4 ,to convey the poet's thought has been the translator's purpose1 and his versions are particularly intended for the reader who has classical tastes without having had a thorough classical education4 ,the ,legend of ,roncevaux4 ,adapted from ,la ,chanson de ,roland1 by ,,susanna ,h4 ,,uloth4 ,with four illustrations by ,john ,littlejohns1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,small #dto1 cloth4 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,of all the legends circulating round the name of ,charlemagne none is more famous and popular than that of the ,paladins ,roland and ,oliver4 ,the poem known as ,la ,chanson de ,roland is the earliest epic in the ,french language1 dating in all probability from a period not long after the conquest of ,england by ,william of ,normandy and before the first ,crusade4 ,mrs4 ,uloth has written a metrical and rhymed version of the most important part of the ,chanson1 namely1 the story of the treachery which led to the battle of ,roncevaux1 and the thrilling series of encounters which terminated in the heroic death of ,oliver and the lonely and mystical death of ,roland4 ,there are not many rivals in the field1 and her work should1 therefore1 command a good deal of interest4 ,it may be added that ,mr4 ,john ,littlejohns1 who illustrates the work1 has won a considerable reputation for originality and charm in drawing and painting4 ,the ,collected ,stories of ,standish ,o',grady4 ,with an ,introduction by ,ae4 ,first #c volumes now issued4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,net ,,each ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,,the ,,cuculain ,,cycle4 7#a7 ,the ,coming of ,cuculain4 7#b7 ,in the ,gates of the ,north4 7#c7 ,the ,triumph and ,passing of ,cuculain4 ,these three books contain the essential and most beautiful portions of ,mr4 ,standish ,o',grady's ,bardic ,history of ,ireland1 the work which proved to be the starting-point of ,ireland's ,literary ,renaissance4 ,that work has long been unobtainable1 and is now offered for the first time in a convenient and popular form1 which will enable every reader to make the acquaintance of the most striking figure in contemporary ,anglo-,irish literature4 ,the debt which a generation of brilliant poets and dramatists owe to the author of these ,cuculain stories has well been described by one of his disciples1 who wrote3-- ,in the ',bardic ,history of ,ireland' he opened1 with a heroic gesture1 the doors which revealed to us in ,ireland the giant lord of the ,red ,branch ,knights and the ,fianna4 ,though a prose writer1 he may be called the last of the bards--a true comrade of ,homer4 ,a ,,new ,,volume ,,of ,,the ,,talbot ,,literary ,,studies4 ,irish ,books and ,irish ,people4 ,by ,,stephen ,,gwynn1 ,m4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth #ds4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,whatever ,captain ,gwynn writes is worth reading4 ,he has a knowledge of the literary value of ,irish books1 and the complex personality of ,irish possessed by few present-day writers1 and he imparts his knowledge with that peculiar detached conviction of the hurler on the ditch4 ,whether one accepts or rejects the opinions expressed1 they are always worthy of consideration1 while the fine choice of language and beautiful literary style will well repay a second reading4 ,capt4 ,gwynn deals with such subjects as ,novels of ,irish ,life1 ,a ,century of ,irish ,humour1 ,literature ,among the ,illiterates1 ,irish ,education and ,irish ,character1 ,yesterday in ,ireland1 etc41 etc4 ,to ,book ,lovers4 ,if you would like to receive future issues of this catalogue you are invited to send a post card to that effect to ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,ltd4 #a1 ,adelphi ,terrace1 ,london1 ,w4,c4#b4 ,please write your name and full address clearly4 ,swords and ,flutes4 ,poems4 ,by ,,william ,,kean ,,seymour4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ds4 net4 #ds4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #c;d4 ,,what ,,the ,,critics ,,say ,,of ,,mr4 ,,seymour',s ,,work4 ,we recognise not so much audacity of experiment as a sound loyalty to the best standards of the past1 and an almost acute appreciation of beauty both of vision and form4444 ,mr4 ,seymour's poetry is full of rich and multi-coloured pageantry1 a sheer delight to the eye and imagination4--,,the ,,bookman4 ,mr4 ,seymour's verse is full of a haunting1 fugitive sense of beauty1 and owes allegiance to a school of lyric craftsmanship which is rapidly falling out of date4 ,but it is something more than this4 ,mr4 ,seymour believes that poetry should not only beautify1 but interpret life4--,,daily ,,telegraph4 ,the ,measure and ,down ,stream4 ,two ,plays4 ,by ,,graham ,,rawson1 ,author of ,stroke of ,marbot1 etc4 ,crown #hvo4 ,paper ,cover4 #ds4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #c;d4 ,the ,measure is an amusing comedy of contemporary life1 in a prologue and two acts1 dealing with the adventures of two bachelors who become entangled in a family containing three daughters4 ,down ,stream is a one-act play whose action takes place in a supposititious country in ,south-,eastern ,europe1 where the ,king traps one of his ,ministers neatly1 and then deals with him in an unexpected fashion4 ,of ,mr4 ,rawson's previous volume 7,the ,stroke of ,marbot1 ,fisher ,unwin1 #aiag7 the ,times said3 ,they are effective plays which should act well1 and the stage directions are so given as to make them quite good reading for the study4 ,,latest ,,addition ,,to ,,the ,,talbot ,,press ,,booklets ,the ,spoiled ,buddha4 ,an ,eastern ,play in two ,acts4 ,by ,,helen ,,waddell4 ,paper ,covers4 #as4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #c;d4 ,the play is about the ,buddha1 in the days before he became a god2 and about ,binzuru1 who was his favourite disciple1 and who might have become even as the ,buddha1 only that he saw a woman passing by1 and desired her beauty and so fell from grace4 ,songs of the ,island ,queen4 ,by ,,peadar ,mac,t,o,m,a,i,s4 ,paper ,covers4 #as4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #c;d4 ,those are songs of a dreamer of ,eire1 ,a scion of a race that is old --,of a race that is strong1 ,a people begotten of freemen1 ,rocked on the cradle of song4 ,west ,african ,forests and ,forestry4 ,by ,a4 ,,harold ,,unwin1 ,d4,oec41 ,m4,can4,s4,f4,e4 ,author of ,future ,forest ,trees4 ,with upwards of #aej ,illustrations4 ,cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 ,l#c #cs4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,the author1 late ,senior ,conservator of ,forestry in ,nigeria1 having spent eleven years in ,west ,africa in forestry work1 has had exceptional experience4 ,he starts by dealing in general with ,west ,african forests1 then successively in geographical order1 with the trees and forests of ,gambia1 ,sierra ,leone1 ,liberia1 the ,ivory and ,gold ,coasts1 ,togo1 ,nigeria1 and the ,british ,sphere of the ,cameroons4 ,he supplies notes on timber trees both for export and local use1 and gives throughout the botanical and vernacular names of indigenous trees4 ,dr4 ,unwin has also chapters on the oil beans1 seeds and nuts of the ,west ,african forests2 on the oil palm and palm kernel industry1 and the question of the forest in relation to agriculture4 ,the work is an elaborate one1 marked by singular thoroughness in its execution4 ,collected ,fruits of ,occult ,teaching4 ,by ,a4 ,p4 ,,sinnett4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #aes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage4 #f;d4 ,mr4 ,sinnett1 who is one of the leading lights of ,theosophy and one of the ablest exponents of reincarnation and the science of the evolution of races1 embodies in this work the deeply interesting information which1 as an occultist1 he states he has derived about the human soul1 its hereafter and other matters4 ,much of the work is due to the teaching of the occult master with whom ,mr4 ,sinnett claims to be in touch4 ,it cannot be doubted that even the most sceptical reader will be thrilled and impressed by more than one of the chapters of this remarkable and fascinating book4 ,the ,religion of a ,doctor4 ,by ,,thomas ,,bodley ,,scott1 ,m4,d41 ,author of ,the ,road to a ,healthy ,old ,age4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,dr4 ,scott1 who is well known for his skill as a physician1 offers here a sort of modern companion to the famous ,religio ,medici4 ,the essays in this interesting volume enable the reader to view the spiritual side of a contemplative man of science of our day4 ,revelations of ,monte ,carlo ,roulette4 ,by ,j4 ,,cousins ,,lawrence4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #d;d4 ,mr4 ,lawrence has had an extensive experience in studying roulette playing at ,monte ,carlo1 and the result is an accumulation of evidence supporting his accusation of unfair control on the part of the bank in the notorious ,casino4 ,the book is a full and descriptive account of the methods of croupiers in dealing with players1 of the observation maintained by the officials over both croupiers and the players4 ,the work is full of typical incidents1 tragic and amusing1 observed on the spot4 ,blind ,alley4 ,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,george4 ,author of ,the ,second ,blooming1 etc4 ,crown #hvo4 7,second ,impression47 #is4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,a powerful piece of work1 and is at once a protest against the exploitation of youth by age and an attempted demonstration that war and all its activities are spiritual blind alleys from which we merely have to grope back to the position from which we started4--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,it is an indictment in detail1 a display of follies and festivities1 a protest against the past stifling the future1 a stirring of muddy depths4--,,manchester ,,guardian4 ,it strikes us being so far its author's high watermark4--,,daily ,,chronicle4 ,we ate tempted to say that ',blind ,alley' is the greatest character study of the influence of the war we have read4--,,ladies' ,,field4 ,pink ,roses4 ,by ,,gilbert ,,cannan4 ,author of ,mendel1 ,the ,stucco ,house1 etc4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression47 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,character and atmosphere are the qualities of ,mr4 ,gilbert ,cannan's new novel1 and they revel through its pages like a riot of pink roses4444 ,ruth ,hobday symbolises the new generation1 who have learnt in suffering what they will realise in joy4 ,mr4 ,cannan has done nothing better than the portrait of this splendid type of young womanhood4 ,indeed1 we are inclined to doubt if he has ever done anything as good4--,,daily ,,telegraph4 ,the ,candidate's ,progress4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,farrer4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 with a picture wrapper4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this is a jeu d'esprit1 a political skit which pokes fun pretty evenly at all parties1 especially at so-called democratic representation as exemplified by a parliamentary election conducted largely by the cynical wiles of the election agent4 ,the ,candidate 7a ,conservative71 who tells the story in the first person1 meets all the local elite and has patiently to listen to crusted ,toryism2 he gets heavy orthodox support from the ,bishop and the ,church1 and is involved in expensive experiences in competing in philanthropy with the ,liberal candidate4 ,he finds it necessary to take elocution lessons2 eventually1 after incredible exertions1 he gets in by five votes--but this is only part of an extravaganza which has the great merit of being founded largely on fact and the observation of a political expert who is also a master of irony4 ,pirates of the ,spring3 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,,forrest ,,reid4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #gs4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,mr4 ,forrest ,reid is one of those careful craftsmen who are not convinced of the absolute necessity of producing one or two full-length novels every year4 ,mr4 ,reid has always an interesting story to tell1 and he is a master of style1 tender and sensitive1 yet powerfully effective4 ,pirates of the ,spring is a fine example of ,mr4 ,reid's work which will certainly enhance his literary reputation amongst discriminating readers who appreciate a good story well told4 ,by ,strange ,paths3 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,,annie ,m4 ,p4 ,,smithson4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,miss ,smithson's former novel1 ,her ,irish ,heritage1 achieved a success seldom accorded to first ventures1 and ,by ,strange ,paths is certain to be equally popular4 ,miss ,smithson is a nurse by profession1 and her pictures of the unseen side of hospital life are drawn with the sure touch of knowledge and experience4 ,her characters are familiar because they are real1 and the human notes of gladness and sadness run through the story as a melody in tune4 ,tales ,that ,were ,told4 ,by ,,seumas ,,macmanus4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,these are stories that are truly different real ,irish folk tales1 with the scent of the turf smoke still on them1 and qualities of humanness1 fancy and humour which make them of irresistible appeal4 ,a delightful book for young and old1 written with that touch of genius which brought a poor ,donegal schoolmaster into the front rank of ,irish authors4 ,the ,whale and the ,grasshopper4 ,by ,,seumas ,j4 ,o',,brien4 ,with frontispiece and cover design by ,,john ,,keatings1 ,a4,r4,h4,a4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,a curious title of a curious book of curious stories that a curious reader will simply revel in4 ,mr4 ,seumas ,o',brien is one of the younger school of ,irish writers who has taken ,american readers by storm1 and this unique collection of short stories comes to us by way of ,boston and ,dublin4 ,regarding the stories1 the ,boston ,transcript says3-- ,one new short stories writer has appeared this year whose published stories open a new field to fiction and have a human richness of feeling and imagination rare in our sophisticated literature4 ,in ,seumas ,o',brien ,i believe that ,america has found a new humorist of popular sympathies1 a rare observer and philosopher whose very absurdities have a persuasive philosophy of their own4 ,,first ,,popular ,,edition4 ,,greatheart ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 ,with a ,striking ,picture ,wrapper1 printed in three colours4 7,fifth ,impression47 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,we think ,miss ,dell's many admirers will consider her present novel the best she has written4--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,miss ,dell's huge circle of admirers will revel in this latest example of her skill in incident and plot4 ,it goes with an unfaltering swing from start to finish4--,,sheffield ,,telegraph4 ,the novel is full of tense situations and highly wrought emotions4 ,whoever begins it will not put it down until it is finished4--,,the ,,scotsman4 ,a ,,new ,,popular ,,edition ,,of ,,the ,,sequel ,,to ,,the ,,shulamite4 ,,the ,,woman ,,deborah ,by ,,alice ,,and ,,claude ,,askew4 ,new ,impression1 ,re-set4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 with a ,striking ,picture ,wrapper1 printed in three colours4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,alice and ,claude ,askew's ,south ,african ,novel1 ,the ,shulamite1 is one of the most popular of successful novels4 ,the sequel1 ,the ,woman ,deborah--an equally striking piece of work--has long been unobtainable4 ,this new impression will find many new readers for both books4 ,town ,planning in ,practice3 ,an ,introduction to the ,art of ,designing ,cities and ,suburbs4 ,by ,,raymond ,,unwin4 ,with many ,illustrations1 ,maps and ,plans4 ,crown #dto1 cloth4 7,sixth ,impression47 #cas4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,few men in ,england have had so much experience of town-planning as ,mr4 ,unwin has had4444 ,his is the first ,english handbook on the subject4444 ,it is not too technical for the general reader1 and it deserves a wide public4--,,manchester ,,guardian4 ,the ,evolution of ,modern ,germany4 ,new and revised edition4 ,by ,w4 ,,harbutt ,,dawson4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,a book so well known needs no recommendation1 and those who have the earlier edition will assuredly desire to get the new one4 ,it is essential as a work of reference4--,,the ,,new ,,world4 ,richard ,cobden3 ,the ,international ,man4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,hobson4 ,with a ,photogravure ,frontispiece1 and #h other ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression47 #bas4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,mr4 ,hobson has produced one of those rare books which it is difficult to read through1 because they are too interesting4 ,it continually lures one into reflection2 one puts it down on one's knees and wanders away straight out of the text down some pleasant 7and sometimes unpleasant7 path of speculation4444 ,almost every page testifies to ,cobden's soundness of judgment in the sphere of international policy4--,,new ,,statesman4 ,tropic ,days4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,banfield1 ,author of ,the ,confessions of a ,beachcombe1 etc4 ,with ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression47 #afs4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,the plant and bird life of a tiny ,pacific island are described with care and charm1 and in a number of revealing chapters the characters and habits of the very primitive natives who are ,mr4 ,banfield's neighbours are explained4 ,to the naturalist the abundant illustrations of rare growths will be a treasure4--,,the ,,manchester ,,guardian4 ,shakespeare's ,workmanship4 ,by ,,sir ,,arthur ,,quiller-,,couch1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d41 ,king ,edward ,,vii4 ,professor of ,english ,literature in the ,university of ,cambridge4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,third ,impression47 #aes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,sir ,arthur ,quiller-,couch's analysis of ,shakespeare's craftsmanship goes direct to the principles of dramatic construction2 and if ever the poetic drama seriously revives in ,england it is more than likely that this book will be found to have had a hand in the revival4--,,westminster ,,gazette4 ,the ,soul of ,denmark1 ,by ,,shaw ,,desmond4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,third ,impression47 #aes4 #j;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this book is the result of nearly four years' residence in ,denmark2 and conveys a full and intimate picture of the ,dane and his life as he impressed the author4--,,the ,,times4 ,old and ,new ,masters4 ,by ,robert ,lynd4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression47 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,a book of essays full of charm1 insight and sympathy1 and of the transmitted enthusiasm that is the basis of all good criticism4--,,daily ,,news4 ,this is a fascinating volume1 and has the right quality of literary criticism4--,,sunday ,,times4 ,through ,lapland with ,skis and ,reindeer4 ,by ,,frank ,,hedges ,,butler1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,with #d ,maps and #fe ,illustrations ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,third ,impression1 ,re-set47 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,,each4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,it is at once a fascinating story of travel1 a practical guide book1 and a storehouse of interesting information on the manners1 customs1 and folklore of a little-known people4--,,world',s ,,work4 ,uncensored ,celebrities4 ,by ,e4,t4 ,,raymond ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 7,fourth ,impression47 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,some exceedingly frank portraits of public men are contained in a book with the curious title of ',uncensored ,celebrities1' which ,messrs4 ,fisher ,unwin publish4 ,the author1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,raymond1 is mercilessly careful to explain in his preface that the work is 'not meant for the hero-worshipper4--,,evening ,,standard4 ,no book of personal studies of recent years has given so much food for thought1 and in spite of its frankness it is always fair4 ,mr4 ,raymond has succeeded in revealing men without taking sides4444 ,here we have clear vision1 sane opinion1 and a very useful sense of humour1 not always free from acid4--,,national ,,news4 ,a ,short ,history of ,france4 ,by ,,mary ,,duclaux4 ,with #d ,maps4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,fourth ,impression47 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,mme4 ,duclaux is a true literary artist2 and no one1 we venture to say1 even among the writers of her adopted nation1 the home of brilliant literature1 was better fitted for the exact task she has here set herself and so charmingly fulfilled4444 ,one of the chief merits of the book1 which makes it valuable for all persons1 and they are legion in these days1 who wish really to understand ,france1 is ,mme4 ,duclaux's penetrating knowledge of the ,french character4--,,the ,,spectator4 ,the ,wonders of ,instinct3 ,chapters in the ,psychology of ,insects4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,fabre4 ,translated by ,,alexander ,,teixera ,,de ,,mattos and ,,bernard ,,miall4 ,with #af ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,third ,impression47 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage4 #f;d4 ,nothing has ever been written in the literature of natural history more fascinating than the essays of ,j4 ,h4 ,fabre4--,,daily ,,news4 ,six ,centuries of ,work and ,wages3 ,the ,history of ,english ,labour4 ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,thorold ,,rogers4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,professor ,thorold ,rogers' works on political economy possess a permanent value as a storehouse of data on that branch of the science in which he specialised1 and it may almost be said1 made his own4--,,westminster ,,review4 ,poems4 ,by ,w4 ,b4 ,,yeats4 ,with a ,photogravure ,frontispiece4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,eighth ,impression47 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,mr4 ,yeats is the only one among the younger ,english poets who has the whole poetical temperament4444 ,it is this continuously poetical quality of mind that seems to me to distinguish ,mr4 ,yeats from the many men of talent1 and to place him among the few men of genius4--,mr4 ,arthur ,symons in the ,,saturday ,,review4 ,the ,economic ,interpretation of ,history4 ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,thorold ,,rogers4 ,special ,library ,edition4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,eighth ,impression47 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,professor ,thorold ,rogers clothed the bare bones of political economy with the living tissue of life when he fascinated his generation with the ',economic ,interpretation of ,history' 444 an unrivalled survey of the inter-action of economic motive1 social growth and political history4--,,christian ,,world4 ,how ,france is ,governed4 ,by ,,raymond ,,poincare4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,fifth ,impression47 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,a most interesting and valuable account of the whole framework of ,french administration 444 packed with information not easily obtained elsewhere1 and conveyed in language of remarkable and attractive simplicity4--,,the ,,spectator4 ,the ,life of ,girolamo ,savonarola4 ,by ,,professor ,,pasquale ,,villari4 ,special ,library ,edition4 ,illustrated4 ,large ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,eleventh ,impression47 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the most interesting religious biography that we know of in modern times4--,,spectator4 ,a book which is not likely to be forgotten4--,,athenaeum4 ,rural ,housing4 ,by ,,william ,g4 ,,savage1 ,m4,d4 7,lond471 ,b4,sc41 ,d4,p4,h4 ,new edition1 with a new chapter on the ,after ,war ,problems4 ,with #cb ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,this is a practical book1 by a man who has had good opportunities of mastering his subject4 ,he begins with a sketch of the ,law2 goes on to discuss the housing question as it stands now2 then gives detailed advice on the construction of new cottages1 and ends with an essay on the economics of the housing problem4--,,the ,,economist4 ,woman and ,marriage4 ,a ,handbook4 ,by ,,margaret ,,stephens4 7,fifth ,impression47 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,,the ,,spectator says ,woman and ,marriage is an outspoken book which should be carefully read by those for whom it is written4 ,it is not a book for boys and girls2 it is a physiological handbook1 thoroughly well written1 orderly1 wholesome and practical4444 ,we commend this work to all who want a full account in simple words of the physical facts of married life4 ,all the difficulties of the subject are handled fearlessly1 gravely and reverently in this book1 and as it must be kept out of the reach of mere curiosity1 so it deserves thoughtful study by those of us whose lives it touches4 ,lures of ,life4 ,by ,,joseph ,,lucas1 ,author of ,our ,villa in ,italy4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impression1 ,re-set47 #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,a stylist and moralist whose 'lures' range from religion and the magic of words to old furniture and plate1 nice people and the new democracy4--,,book ,,monthly4 ,there is an epicurian touch about the book whose author loves ease and leisure1 old furniture and ,italian villas and gardens4--,,the ,,friend4 ,our ,villa in ,italy4 ,by ,,joseph ,,lucas 7,second ,edition47 ,illustrated4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,mr4 ,lucas has written a book which will delight every ,english lover of ,italy4444 ,many an agreeable story do we find in these simple1 well-written pages so full of the lure of ,florence1 and1 indeed1 of all ,italy4--,,the ,,guardian4 ,the ,road to a ,healthy ,old ,age4 ,by ,t4 ,,bodley ,,scott1 ,m4,r4,c4,s4 7,eng474 ,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,third ,impression47 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,in this book an attempt is made to demonstrate both to the medical profession and the laity that premature decay1 physical and mental1 may within limits be prevented4444 ,we have perused the book with pleasure1 and cordially recommend it to our readers4--,,medical ,,times4 ,the ,works of ,augustus ,jessopp1 ,d4,d4 ,uniform ,edition4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,net4 each ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,we doubt if such an account of ,english village life1 its bad and good sides1 its specialities1 its humours1 and the odd1 knarled characters it produces has ever been published4444 ,full of thought1 but fuller yet of a subtle humorousness which is not ,addison's or ,lamb's1 but something as separate and almost as attractive4--,,the ,,spectator4 ,list of ,volumes3 ,,arcady3 ,,for ,,better1 ,,for ,,worse4 ,,before ,,the ,,great ,,pillage4 ,,the ,,coming ,,of ,,the ,,friars4 ,,random ,,roaming1 ,,and ,,other ,,papers4 ,,studies ,,by ,a ,,recluse4 ,,the ,,trials ,,of ,a ,,country ,,parson4 ,dreams1 ,by ,,olive ,,schreiner1 ,author of ,woman and ,labour1 ,the ,story of an ,african ,farm1 etc4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 #cs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,written in exquisite prose they have the essential qualities of poetry1 and are1 indeed1 poems in prose4--,,athenaeum4 ,the book is distinctly one of genius4--,,british ,,weekly4 ,stops1 or1 ,how to ,punctuate1 a ,practical ,handbook for ,writers and ,students4 ,by ,,paul ,,allardyce4 7,eighteenth ,impression47 ,cloth4 #bs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #c;d4 ,a boon to authors1 journalists1 printers1 teachers1 and all whose occupations bring them into contact with printing and writing4--,,pitman',s ,,phonetic ,,journal4 ,the ,irish ,song ,book4 ,with ,original ,irish ,airs4 ,edited by ,,alfred ,,perceval ,,graves4 ,paper covers4 7,thirteenth ,impression47 #bs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #c;d4 ,a collection of national airs1 untrimmed1 unadorned1 unaccompanied1 fresh with the fragrant lyrical poesie of a people who honoured their bards as they honoured their kings4--,,cambridge ,,magazine4 ,the ,life of ,lamartine4 ,by ,h4 ,,remsen ,,whitehouse4 ,with many ,illustrations4 ,two volumes4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #dbs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #h;d4 ,vagabonding ,down the ,andes4 ,by ,,harry ,a4 ,,franck1 ,author of ,a ,vagabond ,journey ,around the ,world1 etc4 ,with a ,map and #agf ,illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,second ,impres47 #bes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #f;d4 ,public ,speaking and ,debate4 ,a ,manual for ,advocates and ,agitators4 ,by ,,george ,,jacob ,,holyoake4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth4 7,fifteenth ,impression47 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #c;d4 ,it is eminently readable2 full of good advice to public speakers and debaters1 and rich in capital stories4--,,the ,,new ,,age4 ,to the aspiring young orator this is a most practical and informing work4--,,reynold',s ,,newspaper4 ,,wessely',s ,,dictionaries4 ,pocket ,size 7#f-a_/d by #d-a_/d inches74 ,cloth1 #ds4 net each4 #ds4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,,each4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,wessely's ,dictionaries are not only convenient in size1 low in price1 and thoroughly up-to-date1 but also remarkably complete4 ,they are not mere dictionaries of technical terms1 or of conversational phrases1 but combine the advantages of both2 and they also contain useful lists of geographical and ,christian names which differ according to the languages1 and tables showing the conjugation of irregular verbs4 ,the type is very clear1 and in all respects the dictionaries are admirably adapted to the needs both of students and of travellers4 ,,list ,,of ,,volumes4 ,english-,french and ,french-,english ,dictionary4 ,english-,german and ,german-,english ,dictionary4 ,english-,italian and ,italian-,english ,dictionary4 ,english-,spanish and ,spanish-,english ,dictionary4 ,english-,swedish and ,swedish-,english ,dictionary4 ,latin-,english and ,english-,latin ,dictionary4 ,spanish ,america3 ,its ,romance1 ,reality and ,future4 ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,,enock1 ,author of ,the ,andes and the ,amazon1 ,peru1 ,mexico1 ,ecuador4 ,illustrated and with ,map4 #b vols4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 7,spring1 #aibj47 #cjs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage4 #i;d4 ,starting with the various ,states of ,central ,america1 ,mr4 ,enock then describes ancient and modern ,mexico1 then takes the reader successively along the ,pacific ,coast1 the ,cordillera of the ,andes1 enters the land of the ,spanish ,main1 conducts the reader along the ,amazon ,valley1 gives a special chapter to ,brazil and another to the ,river ,plate and ,pampas4 ,thus all the ,states of ,central and ,south ,america are covered4 ,the work is topographical1 descriptive1 and historical2 it describes the people and the cities1 the flora and fauna1 the varied resources of ,south ,america1 its trade1 railways1 its characteristics generally1 and suggests the possible future of this vast1 and1 as yet1 it may be almost said1 unexplored region with its infinitude of opportunities for enterprise4 ,mr4 ,enock has written several volumes in the ,south ,american ,series2 he is one of the best-known and most authoritative writers on ,south ,america4 ,here he has written a volume which is not only most valuably informative1 but in such a manner as to form entertaining reading for all classes of readers4 ,,the ,,south ,,american ,,series4 ,illustrated4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth4 #aes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,,each ,inland ,postage4 #f;d4 #a4 ,,chile4 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,scott ,elliott1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 7#eth ,impression47 #b4 ,,peru4 ,by ,c4 ,reginald ,enock1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 7#dth ,impression47 #c4 ,,mexico4 ,by ,c4 ,reginald ,enock4 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 7#eth ,impression47 #d4 ,,argentina4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,hirst4 7#eth ,impression47 #e4 ,,brazil4 ,by ,pierre ,denis4 7#crd ,impression47 #f4 ,,uruguay4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,koebel4 7#crd ,impression47 #g4 ,,guiana3 ,british1 ,french and ,dutch4 ,by ,james ,rodway4 #h4 ,,venezuela4 ,by ,leonard ,v4 ,dalton1 ,b4,sc4 7#crd ,impression47 #i4 ,,latin ,,america3 ,its ,rise and ,progress4 ,by ,f4 ,garcia ,calderon4 ,with a ,preface by ,raymond ,poincare1 ,president of ,france4 7#eth ,impression47 #aj4 ,,colombia4 ,by ,phanor ,j4 ,eder1 ,a4,b41 ,,ll4,b4 7#crd ,impression47 #aa4 ,,ecuador4 ,by ,c4 ,reginald ,enock4 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 7#bnd ,impression47 #ab4 ,,bolivia4 ,by ,paul ,walle4 #ac4 ,,paraguay4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,koebel4 7#bnd ,impression47 #ad4 ,,central ,,america4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,koebel4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,nations4 ,with ,maps and many other ,illustrations4 ,large crown #hvo1 cloth4 ,,new ,,and ,,revised ,,edition4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,japan4 ,by ,,david ,,murray1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 with a new chapter on ,japan as a ,great ,power1 by ,,joseph ,,longford1 ,b4,a41 ,emeritus ,professor of ,japanese1 ,king's ,college1 ,london1 and #ce ,illustrations and ,maps4 ,edition #ith #a4 ,rome4 #hth #b4 ,the ,jews4 #ith #c4 ,germany4 #gth #d4 ,carthage4 #hth #e4 ,alexander's ,empire4 #ith #f4 ,the ,moors in ,spain4 #ajth #g4 ,ancient ,egypt4 #gth #h4 ,hungary4 #fth #i4 ,the ,saracens4 #fth #aj4 ,ireland4 #gth #aa4 ,chaldea4 #dth #ab4 ,the ,goths4 #fth #ac4 ,assyria4 #eth #ad4 ,turkey4 #eth #ae4 ,holland4 #fth #af4 ,mediaeval ,france4 #dth #ag4 ,persia4 #dth #ah4 ,phoenicia4 #dth #ai4 ,media4 #crd #bj4 ,the ,hansa ,towns4 #fth #ba4 ,early ,britain4 #dth #bb4 ,the ,barbary ,corsairs4 #fth #bc4 ,russia4 #dth #bd4 ,the ,jews under the ,romans4 #eth #be4 ,scotland4 #crd #bf4 ,switzerland4 #crd #bg4 ,mexico4 #crd #bh4 ,portugal4 #crd #bi4 ,the ,normans4 #crd #cj4 ,the ,byzantine ,empire4 #crd #ca4 ,sicily3 ,phoenician1 ,greek and ,roman4 #bnd #cb4 ,the ,tuscan ,republic4 #crd #cc4 ,poland4 #crd #cd4 ,parthia4 #eth #ce4 ,the ,australian ,commonwealth4 #crd #cf4 ,spain4 #fth #cg4 ,japan4 #hth #ch4 ,south ,africa4 #eth #ci4 ,venice4 #crd #dj4 ,the ,crusades4 #crd #da4 ,vedic ,india4 #crd #db4 ,the ,west ,indies and the ,spanish ,main4 #bnd #dc4 ,bohemia4 #crd #dd4 ,the ,balkans4 #crd #de4 ,canada4 #dth #df4 ,british ,india4 #bnd #dg4 ,modern ,france4 #bnd #dh4 ,the ,franks4 #bnd #di4 ,austria4 #bnd #ej4 ,modern ,england before the ,reform ,bill4 #crd #ea4 ,china4 #crd #eb4 ,modern ,england from the ,reform ,bill to the ,death of ,queen ,victoria4 #bnd #ec4 ,modern ,spain4 #bnd #ed4 ,modern ,italy4 #bnd #ee4 ,norway4 #dth #ef4 ,wales4 #bnd #eg4 ,mediaeval ,rome4 #bnd #eh4 ,the ,papal ,monarchy4 #dth #ei4 ,mediaeval ,india under ,mohammedan ,rule4 #ast #fj4 ,parliamentary ,england4 #crd #fa4 ,buddhist ,india4 #bnd #fb4 ,mediaeval ,england4 #ast #fc4 ,the ,coming of ,parliament4 #bnd #fd4 ,the ,story of ,greece from the ,earliest ,times to ,a4,d4 #ad4 #bnd #fe4 ,the ,roman ,empire4 #ff4 ,denmark ,sweden4 ,,the ,,chats ,,series4 ,,practical ,,guides ,,for ,,collectors1 ,with ,frontispieces and many ,illustrations4 ,large crown #hvo1 cloth4 ,,new ,,volume4 ,chats on ,royal ,copenhagen ,porcelain3 ,its ,history and ,development from the #ahth ,century to the ,present ,day4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden1 ,author of ,chats on ,english ,earthenware1 etc4 ,with #ef ,illustrations4 ,large crown #hvo1 cloth4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,the above volume has been condensed from the author's edition deluxe1 published a few years ago1 concerning which the ,pall ,mall ,gazette said3 ,no book on ceramics has been awaited with so much interest by collectors as ,mr4 ,arthur ,hayden's work on ',royal ,copenhagen ,porcelain4' ,hayden has handled this eventful history with the skill of the practised writer1 the enthusiasm of the collector1 and the method of the curator4 ,in presenting it in a cheaper edition1 although1 naturally1 many of the illustrations have been omitted1 there is remaining a gallery of examples richly illuminating the subject4 ,in the letterpress nothing has been omitted which is of importance4 ,the full tables of marks which appeared in the first edition are here reproduced4 ,there is no other volume on the subject1 and1 therefore1 to all who are interested in ,copenhagen porcelain1 now considered to be the leading factory in ,europe1 this volume is indispensable4 ,an additional chapter deals with ,copenhagen ,faience1 which has qualities of its own appealing to connoisseurs4 ,,new ,,impressions ,,in ,,preparation4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,,each4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,chats on ,english ,china4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 7#fth ,impression47 ,chats on ,old ,silver4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 7#bnd ,impression47 ,chats on ,old ,prints4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 7#dth ,impression47 ,chats on ,costume4 ,by ,g4 ,,woolliscroft ,,rhead4 7#bnd ,impression47 ,chats on ,pewter4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,j4 ,,masse1 ,m4,a4 7#bnd ,impression47 ,chats on ,old ,lace and ,needlework4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,lowes4 7#crd ,impression47 ,chats on ,postage ,stamps4 ,by ,,fred4 ,j4 ,,melville4 ,chats on ,old ,coins4 ,by ,,fred4 ,w4 ,,burgess4 7#bnd ,impression47 ,chats on ,oriental ,china4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,blacker4 7#crd ,impression47 ,chats on ,english ,earthenware4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 7#crd ,impression47 ,,other ,,volumes #fs4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,,each4 ,inland ,postage #f;d4 ,chats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 7#eth ,impression47 ,chats on ,old ,miniatures4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,,foster1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,chats on ,autographs4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,broadley4 ,chats on ,old ,jewellery and ,trinkets4 ,by ,,maciver ,,percival4 ,chats on ,cottage and ,farmhouse ,furniture4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 ,chats on ,old ,copper and ,brass4 ,by ,,fred4 ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,chats on ,household ,curios4 ,by ,,fred4 ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,chats on ,japanese ,prints4 ,by ,a4 ,,davison ,,ficke4 ,chats on ,military ,curios4 ,by ,,stanley ,c4 ,,johnson1 ,m4,a4 ,chats ,on ,old ,clocks4 ,by ,,arthur ,,hayden4 ,,the ,,mermaid ,,series4 ,the ,best ,plays of the ,old ,dramatists1 ,literal ,reproductions of the ,old ,text4 ,with ,photogravure ,frontispieces4 ,thin ,paper ,edition4 #es4 #j;d4 ,,net ,,each4 ,,cloth #gs4 #f;d4 ,,net ,,each ,,leather4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,,beaumont4 ,the ,plays of ,beaumont and ,fletcher4 ,introduction and ,notes by ,j4 ,st4 ,,loe ,,strachey4 #b vols4 ,,chapman4 ,the ,plays of ,george ,chapman4 ,edited by ,william ,lyon ,phelps1 ,instructor in ,english ,literature at ,yale ,college4 ,,congreve4 ,the ,complete ,plays of ,william ,congreve4 ,edited by ,alex ,c4 ,ewald4 ,,dekker4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,thomas ,dekker4 ,notes by ,ernest ,rhys4 ,,dryden4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,john ,dryden4 ,edited by ,george ,saintsbury4 #b vols4 ,,farquhar4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,george ,farquhar4 ,edited1 and with an ,introduction1 by ,william ,archer4 ,,fletcher4 ,see ,beaumont4 ,,ford4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,john ,ford4 ,edited by ,havelock ,ellis4 ,,greene4 ,the ,complete ,plays of ,robert ,greene4 ,edited with ,introduction and ,notes by ,thomas ,h4 ,dickinson4 ,,heywood4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,thomas ,heywood4 ,edited by ,a4 ,w4 ,verity4 ,with ,introduction by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds4 ,,jonson4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,ben ,jonson4 ,edited1 with ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,brindsley ,nicholson and ,c4 ,h4 ,herford4 #c vols4 ,,marlowe4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,christopher ,marlowe4 ,edited1 with ,critical ,memoir and ,notes1 by ,havelock ,ellis2 and containing a ,general ,introduction to the ,series by ,john ,addington ,symonds4 ,,massinger4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,phillip ,massinger4 ,with ,critical and ,biographical ,essay and ,notes by ,arthur ,symons4 #b vols4 ,,middleton4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,thomas ,middleton4 ,with an ,introduction by ,algernon ,charles ,swinburne4 #b vols4 ,nero1 and ,other ,plays4 ,edited by ,h4 ,p4 ,horne1 ,arthur ,symons1 ,a4 ,w4 ,verity1 and ,h4 ,ellis4 ,,otway4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,thomas ,otway4 ,introduction and ,notes by the ,hon4 ,roden ,noel4 ,,shadwell4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,thomas ,shadwell4 ,edited by ,george ,saintsbury4 ,,shirley4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,james ,shirley4 ,with ,introduction by ,edmund ,gosse4 ,,steele4 ,the ,complete ,plays of ,richard ,steele4 ,edited1 with ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,g4 ,a4 ,aitken4 ,,tourneur4 ,see ,webster4 ,,vanburgh4 ,the ,select ,plays of ,sir ,john ,vanburgh4 ,edited1 with an ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,a4 ,e4 ,h4 ,swain4 ,,webster4 ,the ,best ,plays of ,webster and ,tourneur4 ,with an ,introduction and ,notes by ,john ,addington ,symonds4 ,,wycherley4 ,the ,complete ,plays of ,william ,wycherley4 ,edited1 with an ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,ward4 ,,works ,,by ,,robert ,w4 ,,service4 ,rhymes of a ,red ,cross ,man4 #dth impression4 ,,cloth #ds4 #f;d4 ,,net ,,each4 ,inland ,postage #d;d4 ,it is the great merit of ,mr4 ,service's verses that they are literally alive with the stress and joy and agony and hardship that make up life out in the battle zone4 ,he has never written better than in this book1 and that is saying a great deal4--,,bookman4 ,songs of a ,sourdough4 #ccrd ,impression4 ,ballads of a ,cheechako4 #abth ,impression4 ,rhymes of a ,rolling ,stone4 #aath ,impression4 ,mr4 ,robert ,service is1 we suppose1 one of the most popular verse writers in the world4 ,his swinging measures1 his robust ballads of the outposts1 his joy of living1 have fairly caught the ear of his countrymen4--,,the ,,spectator4 ,of the ,canadian disciples of ,kipling1 by far the best is ,r4 ,w4 ,service4 ,his ',songs of a ,sourdough' have run through many editions4 ,much of his verse has a touch of real originality1 conveying as it does a just impression of the something evil and askew in the strange1 uncouth wilderness of the ,high ,north4--,,the ,,times4 ,,the ,,irish ,,artemas4 ,the ,book of the ,land of ,ire3 ,being a record of those things that were done by the ,men of ,ire when the ,men of ,hun made war on the earth4 ,by ,,alpheo that is an humble disciple and brother scribe of one ,artemas4 ,post #hvo4 ,with specially designed cover4 #as4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,inland ,postage1 #b;d4 ,alpheo is no respecter of persons1 and his keen shafts of wit fly north and south1 east and west1 to find their mark in the camp of the ,carsonite1 in the inner room of the ,sinn ,feiner1 in the ,wait and ,see ,cabinet of ,downing ,street1 and in the secret places of ,tammany4 ,yet malice never was his aim1 ,he lashed the vice but spared the name4 ,no individual could resent ,where thousands equally were meant4 ,a book of genuine wit and humour which is sure to be as much appreciated as ,the ,book of ,artemas4 ,,presentation ,,edition of the ,novels of ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell ,seven volumes1 ,crown #hvo1 bound uniform in ,cloth gilt1 complete in a handsome box4 #bes4 #j;d4 ,,net4 ,the set4 ,,note4--,the volumes are also included in ,,the ,,adelphi ,,library of ,standard ,novels1 and sold separately1 bound in cloth at #c_/f net each4 ,list of ,novels included in this ,presentation ,edition4 ,the ,way of an ,eagle4 ,the ,knave of ,diamonds4 ,the ,rocks of ,valpre ,the ,swindler1 and other stories4 ,the ,keeper of the ,door4 ,the ,safety ,curtain1 and other stories4 ,greatheart4 ,,important4--,it is advisable to place your order for this presentation edition without delay1 otherwise delivery cannot be guaranteed4 ,t4 ,,fisher ,,unwin1 ,,ltd41 #a1 ,,adelphi ,,terrace1 ,,london4 ,,unwin',s ,,pocket ,,novels4 ,neatly ,bound #b_/- net ,picture ,wrapper #a ,,the ,,way ,,of ,,an ,,eagle ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #e ,,the ,,knave ,,of ,,diamonds ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #af ,,my ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,chimney ,,corner ,by ,,alexander ,,irvine #bb ,,ricroft ,,of ,,withens ,by ,,halliwell ,,sutcliffe #bc ,,the ,,vulture',s ,,prey ,by ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #ca ,,arundel ,by ,e4 ,f4 ,,benson #cc ,,exile ,by ,,dolf ,,wyllarde #ce ,,carnival 7abridged edition7 ,by ,,compton ,,mackenzie #dd ,,guy ,,and ,,pauline ,by ,,compton ,,mackenzie #de ,,the ,,passionate ,,elopement ,by ,,compton ,,mackenzie #df ,,through ,,sorrows ,,gates ,by ,,halliwell ,,sutcliffe #dg ,,shameless ,,wayne ,by ,,halliwell ,,sutcliffe #a_/i net #b ,m',,glusky ,,the ,,reformer ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,,hales #c ,,the ,,trail ,,of '#ih ,by ,,robert ,w4 ,,service #d ,,ann ,,veronica ,by ,h4 ,g4 ,,wells #f ,,the ,,beetle ,by ,,richard ,,marsh #g ,,almayer',s ,,folly ,by ,,joseph ,,conrad #h ,,the ,,shulamite ,by ,,alice ,,claude ,,askew #i ,,new ,,chronicles ,,of ,,don ,q4 ,by ,k4 ,,hesketh ,,prichard #aa ,,the ,,camera ,,fiend ,by ,e4 ,w4 ,,hornung #ab ,,monte ,,carlo ,by ,,mrs4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #ac ,,called ,,back ,by ,,hugh ,,conway #ad ,,the ,,stickit ,,minister ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,,crockett #ae ,,the ,,crimson ,,azaleas ,by ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #ag ,,patsy ,by ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #ai ,,by ,,reef ,,and ,,palm ,by ,,louis ,,becke #ba ,,uncanny ,,tales ,by ,f4 ,,marion ,,crawford #bd ,,the ,,pretender ,by ,,robert ,w4 ,,service #be ,,me4 ,a ,book of ,remembrance ,,anonymous #bf ,,garryowen ,by ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #bg ,,the ,,lady ,,killer ,by ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole #bh ,,as ,,in ,a ,,looking ,,glass ,by ,f4 ,c4 ,,philips #bi ,,the ,,victorians ,by ,,netta ,,syrett #cb ,,the ,,rod ,,of ,,justice ,by ,,alice ,,claude ,,askew #cd ,,the ,,chronicles ,,of ,,don ,q4 ,by ,k4 ,,hesketh ,,prichard ,,unwin',s ,,pocket ,,novels4 ,neatly ,bound #a_/f net4 ,picture ,wrapper4 #aj ,,the ,,canon ,,in ,,residence ,by ,,victor ,l4 ,,whitechurch #ah ,,the ,,indiscretion ,,of ,,the ,,duchess ,by ,,anthony ,,hope #bj ,,queen ,,sheba',s ,,ring ,by ,h4 ,,rider ,,haggard #cf ,,the ,,swindler1 and other stories ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #cg ,,the ,,safety ,,curtain1 and other stories ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #ch ,,don ,q's ,,love ,,story ,by ,k4 ,,hesketh ,,prichard #ci ,,lady ,,mary ,,of ,,the ,,dark ,,house ,by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,n4 ,,williamson #dj ,,the ,,knight ,,errant and other stories ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #da ,,the ,,eleventh ,,hour1 and other stories ,by ,,ethel ,m4 ,,dell #db ,,god',s ,,clay ,by ,,alice ,,claude ,,askew #dc ,,the ,,sunshine ,,settlers ,by ,,crosbie ,,garstin ,,baedeker ,,guide ,,books 7,list of ,volumes in ,english47 ,published at ,,net ,prices4 ,austria-,hungary1 including ,dalmatia and ,bosnia4 ,with ,excursions to ,cetinje1 ,belgrade and ,bucharest4 ,with #ga ,maps and #gg ,plans and #b ,panoramas4 ,eleventh edition4 ,revised and augmented4 #aiaa4 ,net #acs4 ,the ,eastern ,alps1 including the ,bavarian ,highlands1 ,tyrol1 ,salzburg1 ,upper and ,lower ,austria1 ,styria1 ,carinthia and ,carniola4 ,with #gc ,maps1 #af ,plans1 and #aa ,panoramas4 ,twelfth edition4 ,revised and augmented4 #aiaa4 ,net #ads4 ,belgium and ,holland1 including the ,grand-,duchy of ,luxembourg4 ,with #ai ,maps and #de ,plans4 ,fifteenth edition4 ,revised and augmented4 #aiaj4 ,net #ajs4 ,the ,dominion of ,canada1 with ,newfoundland and an ,excursion to ,alaska4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,muirhead4 ,with #ac ,maps and #ab ,plans4 ,third edition4 ,revised and augmented4 #aijg4 ,net #hs4 ,constantinople and ,asia ,minor1 see ,special ,list4 ,denmark1 see ,norway1 ,sweden1 and ,denmark4 ,egypt1 ,lower and ,upper ,egypt1 ,lower and ,upper ,nubia and the ,sudan4 ,with #bd ,maps1 #gf ,plans1 and #eg ,vignettes4 ,seventh edition4 #aiad4 ,net #afs4 ,england1 see ,great ,britain4 ,france3 ,paris and its ,environs1 with routes from ,london to ,paris4 ,with #ad ,maps and #db ,plans4 ,eighteenth ,revised edition4 #aiac4 ,net #hs4 ,northern ,france from ,belgium and the ,english ,channel to the ,loire1 excluding ,paris and its ,environs4 ,with #af ,maps and #ee ,plans4 ,fifth edition4 #aiji4 ,net #hs4 ,southern ,france from the ,loire to the ,pyrenees1 the ,auvergne1 the ,cevennes1 the ,french ,alps1 the ,rhone ,valley1 ,provence1 the ,french ,riviera1 and ,corsica4 ,with #cc ,maps and #di ,plans4 ,sixth edition4 #aiad4 ,net #is4 ,germany3 ,berlin and its ,environs4 ,with #g ,maps and #bd ,plans4 ,fifth edition4 #aiab4 ,net #ds4 ,northern ,germany as far as the ,bavarian and ,austrian frontiers4 ,with #ed ,maps and #aja ,plans4 ,sixteenth ,revised edition4 #aiac4 ,net #abs4 ,southern ,germany 7,wurtemberg and ,bavaria74 ,with #cf ,maps and #de ,plans4 ,eleventh ,revised edition4 #aiaj4 ,net #hs4 ,the ,rhine from ,rotterdam to ,constance1 including the ,seven ,mountains1 the ,moselle1 the ,volcanic ,eifel1 the ,taunus1 the ,odenwald and ,heidelberg1 the ,vosges ,mountains1 the ,black ,forest1 c4 ,with #fi ,maps and #ei ,plans4 ,seventeenth ,revised edition4 #aiaa4 ,net #ads4 ,the ,mediterranean4 ,seaports and ,sea ,routes1 including ,madeira1 the ,canary ,islands1 the coast of ,morocco1 ,algeria1 and ,tunisia4 ,by ,professor ,,john ,,kirkpatrick4 ,with #ch ,maps and #di ,plans4 #aiaa4 ,net #aes4 ,great ,britain1 ,england1 ,wales1 and ,scotland4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,muirhead4 ,with #bh ,maps1 #fe ,plans1 and a ,panorama4 ,seventh edition4 ,revised and augmented #aiaj4 ,net #abs4 ,london and its ,environs4 ,with #i ,maps and #ah ,plans4 ,sixteenth edition4 #aiae4 ,net #hs4 ,greece1 the ,greek ,islands and an ,excursion to ,crete4 ,with #af ,maps1 #cj ,plans1 and a ,panorama of ,athens4 ,fourth revised edition4 #aiji4 ,net #ajs4 ,holland1 see ,belgium and ,holland4 ,italy3 ,i4 ,northern ,italy1 including ,leghorn1 ,florence1 ,ravenna1 and routes through ,switzerland and ,austria4 ,with #cf ,maps and #de ,plans4 ,fourteenth ,revised edition4 #aiac4 ,net #ajs4 ,,ii4 ,central ,italy and ,rome4 ,with #ai ,maps1 #ee ,plans1 a view of the ,forum ,romanum1 and the ,arms of the ,popes since #adag4 ,fifteenth ,revised edition4 #aiji4 ,net #ajs4 ,,iii4 ,southern ,italy and ,sicily1 with ,excursions to ,malta1 ,sardinia1 ,tunis and ,corfu4 ,with #cj ,maps and #cd ,plans4 ,sixteenth ,revised edition4 #aiab4 ,net #hs4 ,italy from the ,alps to ,naples4 ,with #be ,maps1 and #eb ,plans4 ,second edition4 #aiji4 ,net #ajs4 ,norway1 ,sweden and ,denmark1 with ,excursions to ,iceland and ,spitzbergen4 ,with #fb ,maps1 #db ,plans1 and #c ,panoramas4 ,tenth edition4 #aiab4 ,net #ajs4 ,palestine and ,syria1 including the principal routes through ,mesopotamia and ,babylonia and the ,island of ,cyprus4 ,with #ba ,maps1 #ef ,plans and a ,panorama of ,jerusalem4 ,fifth edition4 ,remodelled and augmented4 #aiab4 ,net #afs4 ,portugal1 see ,spain and ,portugal4 ,riviera1 see ,southern ,france4 ,russia4 ,with ,teheran1 ,port ,arthur1 and ,peking4 ,with #dj ,maps and #gh ,plans4 ,first edition4 #aiad4 ,net #ahs4 ,scotland1 ,see ,great ,britain4 ,spain and ,portugal1 with ,excursions to ,tangier and the ,balearic ,islands4 ,with #bj ,maps and #ei ,plans4 ,fourth edition4 #aiac4 ,net #afs4 ,switzerland and the adjacent portions of ,italy1 ,savoy and ,tyrol4 ,with #gg ,maps1 #ba ,plans1 and #ae ,panoramas4 ,twenty-fifth edition4 #aiac4 ,net #abs4 ,tyrol1 see ,the ,eastern ,alps4 ,the ,united ,states1 with ,excursions to ,mexico1 ,cuba1 ,porto ,rico1 and ,alaska4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,muirhead4 ,with #cc ,maps and #dh ,plans4 ,fourth ,revised edition4 #aiji4 ,net #ahs4