available by ,cornell ,university ,digital ,collections47 ,,the ,,international ,,magazine ,of ,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,new-,,york1 ,,november #a1 #ahea4 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,great ,,exhibition ,,of ,,the ,,new-,,york ,,state ,,agricultural ,,society ,,at ,,rochester4 ,illustration3 ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,fair4 ,this is an age of ,exhibitions4 ,from the humble collection of cattle and counter-panes1 swine and garden sauce1 at the central village of some secluded ,county1 up to the stupendous ,world's ,fair at ,london1 wherein all nations and all arts are represented1 ,industrial ,expositions1 as the ,french more accurately term them1 are the order of the day4 ,and this is well--nay1 it is inspiring4 ,it proves the growth and diffusion of a wider and deeper consciousness of the importance and dignity of ,labor as an element of national strength and social progress4 ,that corn and cloth are essential to the comfortable subsistence of the human family1 and of every portion of it1 was always plain enough2 but the truth is much broader than that4 ,not food alone1 but knowledge1 virtue1 power1 depend upon the subtle skill of the artificer's fingers1 the sturdy might of the husbandman's arm4 ,let these fail1 through the blighting influence of despotism1 licentiousness1 superstition1 or slavery1 and the national greatness is cankered at the root1 and its preservation overtasks the ability of ,phocion1 of ,hannibal1 of ,cato4 ,a nation flourishes or withers with the development and vigor of its ,industry4 ,it may prosper and be strong without statesmen1 warriors1 or jurists2 it fades and falls with the decline of its arts and its agriculture4 ,wisely1 therefore1 do rulers1 nobles1 field marshals and archbishops1 unite in rendering the highest honors to eminence in the domain of ,industry1 dimly perceiving that it is mightier and more enduring than their petty and fragile potencies4 ,the empire of ,napoleon1 though so lately at its zenith1 has utterly passed away1 while that of ,fulton is still in its youth4 ,a ,state ,agricultural ,society1 numbering among its members some thousands of her foremost citizens1 mainly but not wholly farmers1 is one of the most commendable institutions of this great and growing commonwealth4 ,aided liberally by the ,state government1 it holds an ,annual ,fair at some one of the chief towns of the interior1 generally on the line of the ,erie ,canal1 whereby the collection of stock and other articles for exhibition is facilitated1 and the cost thereof materially lessened4 ,poughkeepsie1 ,albany1 ,saratoga ,springs1 ,utica1 ,syracuse 7twice71 ,auburn1 ,rochester 7twice71 and ,buffalo1 are the points at which these ,fairs have been held within the last ten years4 ,recently1 the railroads have transported cattle1 c41 for exhibition1 either at half-price1 or entirely without charge1 while the ,state's bounty and the liberal receipts for admission to the grounds have enabled the managers to stimulate competition by a very extensive award of premiums1 so that almost every recurrence of the ,state ,fair witnesses a larger and still more extensive display of choice animals4 ,whether the improvement in quality keeps pace with the increase in number is a point to be maturely considered4 ,the ,fair of this year was held at ,,rochester1 in a large open field about a mile south of the city1 and of course near the ,genesee river4 ,gigantic stumps scattered through it1 attested how recently this whole region was covered with the primeval forest4 ,probably fifty thousand persons now live within sight of the ,rochester steeples1 though not a human being inhabited this then dense and swampy wilderness forty years ago4 ,and here1 almost wholly from a region which had less than five thousand white inhabitants in #ahaj1 not fewer than one hundred thousand persons1 two-thirds of them adult males1 were drawn together expressly to witness this exhibition4 ,the number who entered the gates on ,thursday alone exceeded seventy-five thousand1 while the attendance on the two preceding days and on ,friday1 of persons who were not present on ,thursday1 must have exceeded twenty-five thousand4 ,of course1 many came with no definite purpose1 no previous preparation to observe and learn1 and so carried home nothing more than they brought there1 save the head-ache1 generated by their irregularities and excesses while absent2 but thousands came qualified and resolved to profit by the practical lessons spread before them1 and doubtless went away richly recompensed for the time and money expended in visiting the ,fair4 ,this ,annual ,exhibition is as yet the ,farmers' ,university2 they will in time have a better1 but until then they do well to make the most of that which already welcomes them to its cheap1 ready and practical inculcations4 ,illustration3 ,,rochester4 ,the ,president of the ,state ,society for this year is ,mr4 ,,john ,,delafield1 long a master spirit among our ,wall-street financiers1 and for some years ,president of the ,phenix bank4 ,he was finally swamped by the rascality of the ,state of ,illinois in virtually repudiating her public debt1 whereby ,mr4 ,delafield1 who had long acted as her financial agent in ,new-,york1 and had staked his fortune on her integrity1 was reduced from affluence to need4 ,nothing daunted by this reverse1 he promptly transferred his energies from finance to agriculture1 taking hold of a large farm in ,seneca ,county1 near the beautiful village of ,geneva2 and on this farm he soon proved himself one of the best practical agriculturists in our ,state4 ,before he had been five years on the soil1 he was already teaching hundreds of life-long cultivators1 by the quiet force of his successful example1 how to double the product of their lands and more than double their annual profits4 ,his enlightened and admirable husbandry has finally called him to the post he now occupies--one not inferior in true dignity and opportunity for usefulness to that of ,governor of the ,state4 ,and this is a fair specimen of the elasticity of the ,american character and its capacity for adapting itself to any and every change of circumstances4 ,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,fair4 ,the ,annual ,address at this ,fair was delivered by the ,hon4 ,,stephen ,a4 ,,douglas1 now ,u4 ,s4 ,senator from ,illinois1 and a very probable ,democratic candidate for next ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,it was an able and well enunciated discourse1 devoted mainly to political economy as affecting agriculture1 taking the free trade view of this important and difficult subject1 and evidently addressed quite as much to southern politicians as to ,new-,york farmers2 but it embodied many practical suggestions of decided force and value4 ,this address has already received a very wide circulation4 ,a public entertainment was proffered on ,thursday evening to the officers of the ,state ,society1 on behalf of the city of ,rochester1 which was attended by ex-,president ,,tyler1 ,,gov4 ,,washington ,,hunt1 ex-,governor and ex-,secretary ,,marcy1 ,,gen4 ,,wool1 ,governor ,,wright of ,indiana1 c4 c4 ,senator ,,douglas arrived in the train just before the gathering broke up4 ,the presence of ladies1 and the absence of liquors1 were the most commendable features of this festivity1 which was convened at an absurdly late hour1 and characterized by an afflictive amount of dull speaking4 ,such an entertainment is very well on an occasion like this1 merely as a means of enabling the congregated thousands to see and hear the celebrities convened with them2 but it should be given in the afternoon or beginning of the evening1 should cost very little 7the speaking being dog-cheap and the eatables no object71 and should in nearly all respects be just what the ,rochester festival was not4 ,as an exercise in false hospitality1 however1 and a beacon for future adventurers in the same line1 this entertainment had considerable merit4 ,illustration3 ,,azalia4 ,the best ,short-,horned ,durham ,cow over ,three ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,lewis ,g4 ,morris4 ,illustration3 ,,lord ,,eryholm4 ,the best ,two ,year ,old ,short-,horned ,durham ,bull3 ,owned by ,lewis ,g4 ,morris4 ,,neat ,,cattle stood first in intrinsic value among the classes of articles exhibited at the ,fair4 ,probably not less than ,one ,thousand of these were shown on this occasion1 including imported bulls and cows1 working-oxen1 fat steers1 blood-heifers1 calves1 c4 c4 ,of these we could not now say whether the ,durham or ,devonshire breed predominated1 but the former had certainly no such marked ascendency as at former ,fairs4 ,our impression from the statements of disinterested breeders was and is1 that where cattle are bred mainly for the market1 a larger weight of flesh may be obtained at an early age from the ,durham than from any rival breed1 though not of the finest quality2 while for milk or butter the ,devon is1 and perhaps one or two other breeds are1 preferable4 ,but this is merely the inference of one1 who has no experience in the premises1 from a comparison of the statements of intelligent breeders of widely differing preferences4 ,probably each of the half-dozen best breeds is better adapted to certain localities and purposes than any other2 and intelligent farmers assert1 that we still need some breeds not yet introduced in this country1 especially the small ,black ,cattle of the ,scottish ,highlands1 which1 from their hardiness1 excellence of flesh1 small cost for wintering1 c41 are specially adapted to our own rugged upland districts1 particularly that which half covers the north-eastern quarter of our ,state4 ,the subject is one of the deepest interest to agriculturists1 and is destined to receive a thorough investigation at their hands4 ,illustration3 ,,earl ,,seaham4 ,the best ,short-,horned ,durham ,bull over ,three ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,j4 ,m4 ,sherwood and ,a4 ,stevens4 ,illustration3 ,,devon4 ,the best ,devon ,bull over ,three ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,w4 ,p4 and ,c4 ,s4 ,wainwright4 ,illustration3 ,,tromp4 ,the best ,hereford ,bull1 over ,three ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,allen ,ayrault4 ,illustration3 ,,kossuth ,,and ,,briska4 ,best ,foreign 7,hungarian7 ,cattle1 over ,two ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,roswell ,l4 ,colt4 ,of ,horses1 the number exhibited was of course much smaller--perhaps two hundred in all--embracing many animals of rare spirit1 symmetry1 and beauty4 ,some ,canadian horses1 and a few specimens of a famous ,vermont breed 7the ,morgan7 were among them4 ,our attention was not specially drawn in this direction1 and we will leave the merits of the rival competitors to the awards of the judges4 ,illustration3 ,,devon ,,heifer4 ,best three-fourth bred ,devon ,heifer3 owned by ,george ,shaeffer4 ,illustration3 ,,old ,,clyde4 ,best ,foreign ,horse3 owned by ,jane ,ward1 ,markham1 ,canada ,west4 ,illustration3 ,,consternation4 ,best thorough-bred horse over four years old3 owned by ,john ,b4 ,burnet4 ,illustration3 ,,south ,,down ,,sheep4 ,best ,middle-,wooled ,ewe1 over ,two ,years ,old3 ,owned by ,lewis ,g4 ,morris4 ,of ,sheep1 there were a large number present--at a rough guess1 ,two ,thousand--embracing specimens of widely contrasted varieties4 ,the fine-wooled ,saxonies and ,merioes were largely represented2 so were coarse-wooled but fine-fleshed ,bakewells and ,southdowns4 ,for three or four years past1 the annual product of wool1 especially of the finer qualities1 has been unequal to the demand1 causing a gradual appreciation of prices1 until a standard has this year been reached above the value of the staple4 ,speculators1 who had observed the gradual rise through two or three seasons1 rushed in to purchase this year's clip1 at prices which cannot be maintained1 and the farmers have received some hundreds of thousands of dollars more for their wool than the buyers can ever sell it for4 ,this has naturally reacted on the price of sheep1 whereof choice specimens for breeding have been sold for sums scarcely exceeded during the celebrated ,merino fever of #ahaf-ah4 ,bona fide sales for #ajj each and over have certainly been made2 and it is confidently asserted that picked animals from the flocks of a famous ,vermont breeder were sold1 to improve ,ohio flocks1 at the late ,fair of that ,state--a buck for #a1jjj1 and six ewes for #cjj each4 ,these reports1 whether veritable or somewhat inflated1 indicate a tendency of the times4 ,where sheep are grown mainly for the wool1 it is as absurd to keep those of inferior grades1 as to plant apple-trees without grafting and grow two or three bushels of walnut-sized1 vinegar-flavored fruit on a tree which might as well have borne ten bushels of ,spitzenbergs or ,greenings4 ,but there is room also for improvement and profit in the breeding of sheep other than the fine-wooled species4 ,the famous roast-mutton of ,england ought to be more than rivaled among us2 for we have a better climate and far better sheep-walks than the ,english in the rugged mountain districts of ,new-,england1 of ,pennsylvania1 and of our own ,state4 ,the breeding of large1 fine-fleshed sheep of the choicest varieties1 on the lines of all the railroads communicating with the great cities1 is one of the undertakings which promise largest and surest returns to our farmers1 and it is yet in its infancy4 ,a hundred thousand of such sheep would be taken annually by ,new-,york and ,philadelphia at largely remunerating prices4 ,thousands of acres of sterile1 scantily timbered land on the ,delaware and its branches might be profitably transformed into extensive sheep-walks1 while they must otherwise remain useless and unimproved for ages4 ,these lands may now be bought for a song1 and are morally certain to be far higher within the next dozen years4 ,illustration3 ,,long-,,wooled ,,sheep4 ,best long-wooled buck and ewe over two years old3 owned by ,j4 ,mc,donald and ,wm4 ,rathbone4 ,of ,swine there were a good many exhibited at the ,fair1 but we did not waste much time upon them4 ,the ,hog ,crop once stood high among the products of the older ,states1 but it has gradually fallen off since the settlement of the great ,west1 and the cheapening of intercommunication between that section and the ,east1 and is destined to sink still lower4 ,pork can be made on the prairies and among the nutwood forests and corn-bearing intervales of the ,west for half the cost of making it in ,new-,england2 no ,yankee can afford to feed his hogs with corn1 much less potatoes1 as his grandfather freely did4 ,only on a dairy farm can any considerable quantity of pork be profitably made east of the ,ohio2 and he who keeps but a pig or two to eat up the refuse of the kitchen cares little 7perhaps too little7 for the breed of his porkers4 ,so let them pass4 ,fancy ,fowls are among the hobbies of our day1 as was abundantly evinced at the ,state ,fair4 ,coops piled on coops1 and in rows twenty rods long1 of ,chinese1 ,dorking1 and other breeds of the most popular domestic bird1 monopolized a large share of attention2 while geese1 ducks1 turkies1 c41 were liberally and creditably represented4 ,the ,hen ,convention1 which was a pet topic of ,boston waggery a year or two since1 might have been easily and properly held at ,rochester4 ,many of these choice barn-yard fowls were scarcely inferior in size while doubtless superior in flavor to the ordinary turky1 while the farmer who opens the spring with a hundred of them may half feed his family and at the same time quite keep down his store-bill with their daily products4 ,small economies steadily pursued are the source of thrift and competence to many a cultivator of flinty and ungenial acres2 few farmers can afford to disregard them4 ,if thrice the present number of fowls were kept among us1 their care and food would scarcely be missed1 while their product would greatly increase the aggregate not only of thrift but of comfort4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,,delafield',s ,,chinese ,,hogs4 ,floral ,hall was the name of a temporary though spacious structure of scantling and rough boards1 in which were exhibited1 in addition to a profusion of the flowers of the season1 a display of ,fruits and ,vegetables whereof ,rochester might well be proud4 ,this city seems the natural centre of the finest fruit-growing district on the ,american continent--yes1 in the whole world4 ,its high latitude secures the richest flavors1 while the harsh northern winds1 which elsewhere prove so baneful1 are here softened by passing over lake ,erie or ,ontario1 and a climate thus produced1 which1 for fruit1 has no rival4 ,large delicious grapes of innumerable varieties2 excellent peaches2 delicate1 juicy1 luscious pears2 quinces that really tempt the eye1 though not the palate2 and a profusion of fair1 fragrant1 golden1 mammoth apples1--these were among the products of the immediate vicinity of ,rochester exhibited in bounteous profusion4 ,in the department of ,vegetables also there were beets and turnips of gigantic size2 several squashes weighing about one hundred and thirty pounds each2 with egg-plants1 potatoes1 tomatoes1 and other edibles1 which were all that palate could desire4 ,the fertility of western ,new-,york is proverbial2 but it was never more triumphantly set forth than in the fruit and vegetables exhibited at the ,state ,fair4 ,of butter1 cheese1 honey1 7obtained without destroying the bees17 maple-sugar c41 the display was much better than we have remarked on any former occasion4 ,and in this connection the rock salt from our own ,state works around ,syracuse deserves honorable mention4 ,new-,york salt has been treated with systematic injustice by western consumers4 ,in order to save a shilling or two on the barrel1 they buy the inferior article produced by boiling instead of the far better obtained by solar evaporation2 then they endeavor to make a ,new-,york standard bushel of fifty six pounds do the work of a measured bushel of ,turks ,island weighing eighty pounds2 and because the laws regulating the preservation and decomposition of animal substances will not thus be swindled1 they pronounce the ,new-,york salt impure and worthless4 ,now there is no purer1 no better salt than the ,new-,york solar2 but1 even of this1 fifty-six pounds will not do the work of eighty4 ,buy the best quality1 7and even this is dog cheap17 use the proper quantity1 and no salt in the world will preserve meats better than this4 ,the ,new-,york solar salt exhibited at ,rochester could not be surpassed1 and that which had been ground has no superior in its adaptation to the table4 ,there were many tasteful ,counterpanes and other products of female skill and industry exhibited1 but the perpetual crowd in the 'halls' devoted to manufactures allowed no opportunity for their critical examination4 ,of stoves and ranges1 heating and 7let us be thankful for it1 even at this late day7 ventilating apparatus and arrangements1 there was a supply2 and so of daguerreotypes1 trunks1 harness1 c4 c4 ,nothing1 however1 arrested our attention in this hall but the specimens of ,,flax-,,cotton and its various proportions exhibited by ,e4 ,g4 ,roberts1 assignee of ,claussen's patents for the ,united ,states4 ,we saw one intelligent influential citizen converted from skepticism to enthusiasm for flax-cotton by his first earnest examination4 ,it will go inevitably4 ,a cotton fibre scarcely distinguishable from ,sea ,island may be produced from flax by ,claussen's process for six cents per pound2 and a machine for breaking out the fibre from the unrotted stalk was exhibited by ,mr4 ,clemmons of ,springfield1 ,massachusetts1 which is calculated materially to expedite the flax-cotton revolution4 ,this machine renders the entire fibre1 with hardly a loss of two per cent4 as 'swingle-tow1' straight and wholly separated from the woody substance or 'shives1' at a cost which can hardly equal one cent per pound of dressed flax4 ,its operation is very simple1 and any man who has seen it work a day may manage it4 ,its entire cost is from #abe to #bjj1 according to size4 ,it will be a shame to ,american agricultural enterprise if flax-cotton and linen are not both among our country's extensive and important products within the next three years4 ,the department of ,agricultural ,machinery and ,implements was decidedly the most interesting of any4 ,no other can at all equal it in the rapidity and universality of progress from year to year4 ,of ,plows1 there cannot have been less than two hundred on the ground1 exhibiting a great variety of novel excellence4 ,one with two shares1 contrived to cut two furrows at once1 seemed the most useful of any recently invented4 ,the upper share cuts and turns the sward to the depth of five inches1 which is immediately buried seven inches deep by the earth turned up by the deeper share4 ,since it is impossible to induce one farmer in twenty to subsoil1 this1 as the next best thing1 ought to be universally adopted4 ,seed-,sowers1 ,corn-,planters1 ,reapers1 ,fanning-,mills1 ,straw-,cutters1 c41 c41 were abundant1 and evinced many improvements on the best of former years4 ,a ,mower with which a man1 boy1 and span of horses1 will cut and spread ten acres per day of grass1 however heavy1 on tolerably level land--both cutting and spreading better than the hand-impelled scythe and stick will do--was among the new inventions2 also two threshers and cleaners1 each of them warranted to thresh and nearly clean1 by the labor of four men1 a boy1 and two horses1 over one hundred bushels of wheat or two hundred bushels of oats per day4 ,the testimony of candid citizens who had used them1 and the evidence of our own senses1 left no doubt on our mind of the correctness of these assertions4 ,but we do not write to commend any article1 but to call attention to the great and cheering truth which underlies them all4 ,agriculture is a noble art1 involving the knowledge of almost all the practical sciences--chemistry1 geology1 climatology1 mechanics1 c4 ,it is not merely progressive1 but rapidly progressing1 so that fifty days' labor on the same soil produce far more grain or hay now than they did half a century ago4 ,and every year is increasing and rendering more palpable the pressing need of a ,,practical ,,college1 wherein ,agriculture1 ,mechanics1 and the sciences auxiliary thereto shall be ably and thoroughly taught to thousands and tens of thousands of our countrymen1 who shall in turn become the disseminators of the truths thus inculcated to the youth of every county and township in the country4 ,and thus shall ,agriculture be rendered what it should be--not only the most essential but the most intellectual and attractive among the industrial avocations of mankind4 ,,horace ,,greeley ,illustration3 ,,the ,,virginia ,,reaper4 ,exhibited at the ,crystal ,palace1 and the ,new-,york ,state ,agricultural ,fair1 by ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick4 ,,william ,,ross ,,wallace4 ,illustration ,of the large number of young men in this country who write verses1 we scarcely know of one who has a more unquestionable right to the title of poet than ,,william ,,ross ,,wallace1 who has just published1 in a very handsome volume1 a collection of his writings1 under the title of ,meditations in ,america4 ,mr4 ,,wallace has written other things which in their day have been sufficiently familiar to the public2 in what we have to say of his capacities we shall confine ourselves to the pieces which he has himself here selected as the truest exponents of his genius1 and without giving them indiscriminate praise shall hope to find in them evidences of peculiar and remarkable powers1 combined with a spirit eminently susceptible to the influences of nature and of ideal and moral beauty4 ,mr4 ,wallace is a western man1 and was born in ,lexington1 ,kentucky1 in the year #ahai4 ,his father was a ,presbyterian minister1 of good family1 and marked abilities1 who died soon after1 leaving the future poet to the care of a mother whose chief ambition in regard to him was that he should be so trained as to be capable of the most elevated positions in society4 ,after the usual preparatory studies1 he went first to the ,bloomington ,college1 and afterwards to the ,south ,hanover ,college1 in ,indiana1 and upon graduating at the latter institution studied the law in his native city4 ,when about twenty-two years of age1 having already acquired considerable reputation in literature1 by various contributions to western and southern periodicals1 he came to the ,atlantic states1 and with the exception of a few months passed in ,philadelphia1 and a year and a half in ,europe1 he has since resided in ,new-,york1 occupied in the practice of his profession and in the pursuits of literature4 ,of his numerous poetical compositions1 this is the first collection1 and the only volume1 except ,alban1 a ,romance1 intended to illustrate the influence of certain prejudices of society and principles of law on individual character and destiny1 which was published in #ahdh4 ,his works generally are distinguished for a sensuous richness of style1 earnestness of temper1 and much freedom of speculation4 ,throughout the ,meditations in ,america we perceive that he is most at home in the serious and stately rhythms and solemn fancies of such pieces as the hymn ,to a ,wind ,going ,seaward1 ,the ,mounds of ,america1 ,the ,chant of a ,soul1 c42 but he occasionally writes in livelier and less peculiar measures4 ,the late ,mr4 ,poe in his ,marginalia refers to the following as one of the finest things in ,american literature2 it is certainly very characteristic4 ,,the ,,chant ,,of ,a ,,soul4 ,my youth has gone--the glory1 the delight ,that gave new moons unto the night1 ,and put in every wind a tone ,and presence that was not its own4 ,i can no more create1 ,what time the ,autumn blows her solemn tromp1 ,and goes with golden pomp ,through our unmeasurable woods3 ,i can no more create1 sitting in youthful state ,above the mighty floods1 ,and peopling glen1 and wave1 and air1 ,with shapes that are immortal4 ,then ,the earth and heaven were fair1 ,while only less than gods seem'd all my fellow-men4 ,oh6 the delight1 the gladness1 ,the sense yet love of madness1 ,the glorious choral exultations1 ,the far-off sounding of the banded nations1 ,the wings of angels at melodious sweeps ,upon the mountain's hazy steeps1-- ,the very dead astir within their coffin'd deeps2 ,the dreamy veil that wrapp'd the star and sod-- ,a swathe of purple1 gold1 and amethyst2 ,and1 luminous behind the billowy mist1 ,something that look'd to my young eyes like ,,god4 ,too late ,i learn ,i have not lived aright1 ,and hence the loss of that delight ,which put a moon into the moonless night ,i mingled in the human maze2 ,i sought their horrid shrine2 ,i knelt before the impure blaze2 ,i made their idols mine4 ,i lost mine early love--that love of balms ,most musical with solemn psalms ,sounding beneath the tall and graceful palms4 ,who lives aright8 ,answer me1 all ye pyramids and piles ,that look like calmest power in your still might4 ,ye also do ,i ask1 ,o continents and isles6 ,blind though with blood ye be1 ,your tongues1 though torn with pain1 ,i know are free4 ,then speak1 all ancient masses6 speak ,from patient obelisk to idle peak6 ,there is a heaving of the plains1 ,a trailing of a shroud1 ,a clash of bolts and chains-- ,a low1 sad voice1 that comes upon me like a cloud1 ,oh1 misery1 oh1 misery6-- ,thou poor old ,earth6 no more1 no more ,shall ,i draw speech from thee1 ,nor dare thy crypts of legendary lore3 ,let silence learn no tongue2 let night fold every shore4 ,yet ,i have something left--the will1 ,that ,mont ,blanc of the soul1 is towering still4 ,and ,i can bear the pain1 ,the storm1 the old heroic chain2 ,and with a smile ,pluck wisdom from my torture1 and give back ,a love to ,fate from this my mountain-rack4 ,i do believe the sad alone are wise2 ,i do believe the wrong'd alone can know ,why lives the world1 why spread the burden'd skies1 ,and so from torture into godship grow4 ,plainer and plainer beams this truth1 the more ,i hear the slow1 dull dripping of my gore2 ,and now1 arising from yon deep1 ',tis plain as a white statue on a tall1 dark steep4 ,oh1 suffering bards6 oh spirits black ,with storm on many a mountain-rack ,our early splendor's gone4 ,like stars into a cloud withdrawn-- ,like music laid asleep ,in dried-up fountains--like a stricken dawn ,where sudden tempests sweep4 ,i hear the bolts around us falling1 ,and cloud to cloud forever calling3 ,yet ,,we must nor despair nor weep4 ,did ,,we this evil bring8 ,or from our fellows did the torture spring8 ,titans6 forgive1 forgive6 ,oh1 know ye not 'tis victory but to live8 ,therefore ,i say1 rejoice with harp and voice6 ,i know not what our fate may be3 ,i only know that he who hath a time ,must also have eternity3 ,one billow proves and gives a whole wide sea4 ,on this ,i build my trust1 ,and not on mountain-dust1 ,or murmuring woods1 or starlit clime1 ,or ocean with melodious chime1 ,or sunset glories in the western sky3 ,enough1 ,i am1 and shall not choose to die4 ,no matter what my future fate may be3 ,to live is in itself a majesty6 ,oh6 there ,i may again create ,fair worlds as in my youthful state2 ,or ,wo may build for me a fiery tomb ,like ,farinata's in the nether gloom3 ,even then ,i will not lose the name of man ,by idle moan or coward groan1 ,but say1 ,it was so written in the mighty plan6 ,the next poem is in a vein of lofty contemplation1 and the rhetoric is eminently appropriate and well sustained4 ,it is one of the most striking pieces in the book4 ,,the ,,mounds ,,of ,,america4 ,come to the mounds of death with me4 ,they stretch ,from deep to deep1 sad1 venerable1 vast1 ,graves of gone empires--gone without a sighn1 ,like clouds from heaven4 ,they stretch'd from deep to deep ,before the ,roman smote his mailed hand ,on the gold portals of the dreaming ,east2 ,before the ,pleiad1 in white trance of song1 ,beyond her choir of stars went wandering4 ,the great old ,trees1 rank'd on these hills of death1 ,have melancholy hymns about all this2 ,and when the moon walks her inheritance ,with slow1 imperial pace1 the ,trees look up ,and chant in solemn cadence4 ,come and hear4 ,oh patient ,moon6 go not behind a cloud1 ,but listen to our words4 ,we1 too1 are old1 ,though not so old as thou4 ,the ancient towns1 ,the cities throned far apart like queens1 ,the shadowy domes1 the realms majestical1 ,slept in thy younger beams4 ,in every leaf ,we hold their dust1 a king in every trunk4 ,we1 too1 are very old3 the wind that wails ,in our broad branches1 from swart ,ethiop come ,but now1 wail'd in our branches long ago1 ,then come from darken'd ,calvary4 ,the ,hills ,lean'd ghastly at the tale that wan ,wind told2 ,the ,streams crept shuddering through the tremulous dark2 ,the ,torrent of the ,north1 from morn till eve1 ,on his steep ledge hung pausing2 and o'er all ,such silence fell1 we heard the conscious ,rills ,drip slowly in the caves of central ,earth4 ,so were the continents by ,his crowned grief ,together bound1 before that ,genoese ,flamed on the dim ,atlantic3 so have we1 ,whose aspect faced the scene1 unchallenged right ,of language unto all1 while memory holds4 ,o patient ,moon6 go not behind a cloud1 ,but hear our words4 ,we know that thou didst see ,the whole that we could utter--thou that wert ,a worship unto realms beyond the flood-- ,but we are very lonesome on these mounds1 ,and speech doth make the burden of sad thought ,endurable2 while these1 the people new1 ,that take our land1 may haply learn from us ,what wonder went before them2 for no word ,e'er came from thee1 so beautiful1 so lone4 ,throned in thy still domain1 superbly calm ,and silent as a god4 ,here empires rose and died2 ,their very dust1 beyond the ,atlantic borne ,in the pale navies of the charter'd wind1 ,stains the white ,alp4 ,here the proud city ranged ,spire after spire1 like star ranged after star ,along the dim empyrean1 till the air ,went mad with splendor1 and the dwellers cried1 ,our walls have married ,time6--,gone are the marts1 ,the insolent citadels1 the fearful gates1 ,the pictured domes that curved like starry skies2 ,gone are their very names6 ,the royal ,ghost ,cannot discern the old imperial haunts1 ,but goes about perplexed like a mist ,between a ruin and the awful stars4 ,nations are laid beneath our feet4 ,the bard ,who stood in ,song's prevailing light1 as stands ,the apocalyptic angel in the sun1 ,and rained melodious fire on all the realms2 ,the prophet pale1 who shuddered in his gloom1 ,as the white cataract shudders in its mist2 ,the hero shattering an old kingdom down ,with one clear trumpet's will3 the ,boy1 the ,sage1 ,subject and ,lord1 the ,beautiful1 the ,wise-- ,gone1 gone to nothingness4 ,the years glide on1 ,the pitiless years6 and all alike shall fail1 ,state after ,state rear'd by the solemn sea1 ,or where the ,hudson goes unchallenged past ,the ancient warder of the ,palisades1 ,or where1 rejoicing o'er the enormous cloud1 ,beam the blue ,alleghanies--all shall fail3 ,the ,ages chant their dirges on the peaks2 ,the palls are ready in the peopled vales2 ,and nations fill one common sepulchre4 ,nor goes the ,earth on her dark way alone4 ,each star in yonder vault doth hold the dead ,in its funereal deeps3 ,arcturus broods ,over vast sepulchres that had grown old ,before the earth was made3 the universe ,itself is but one mighty cemetery ,rolling around its central1 solemn sun4 ,o patient ,moon6 go not behind a cloud1 ,but listen to our words4 ,we1 too1 must die-- ,and thou6--the vassal stars shall fail to hear ,thy queenly voice over the azure fields ,calling at sunset4 ,they shall fade4 ,the ,earth ,shall look and miss their sweet1 familiar eyes1 ,and1 crouching1 die beneath the feet of ,,god4 ,then come the glories1 then the nobler times1 ,for which the ,orbs travail'd in sorrow2 then ,the mystery shall be clear1 the burden gone2 ,and surely men shall know why nations came ,transfigured for the pangs2 why not a spot ,of this wide world but hath a tale of wo2 ,why all this glorious universe is ,death's4 ,go1 ,moon6 and tell the stars1 and tell the suns1 ,impatient of the wo1 the strength of him ,who doth consent to death2 and tell the climes ,that meet thy mournful eyes1 one after one1 ,through all the lapses of the lonesome night1 ,the pathos of repose1 the might of ,death6 ,the voice is hush'd2 the great old wood is still3 ,the ,moon1 like one in meditation1 walks ,behind a cloud4 ,we1 too1 have them for thought1 ,while1 as a sun1 ,,god takes the ,west of ,time ,and smites the pyramid of ,eternity4 ,the shadow lengthens over many worlds ,doom'd to the dark mausoleum and mound4 ,we do not remember any poem on ,mahomet finer than the following3 ,,el ,,amin4 ,who is this that comes from ,hara8 not in kingly pomp and pride1 ,but a great1 free son of ,nature1 lion-souled and eagle-eyed6 ,who is this before whose presence idols tumble to the sod8 ,while he cries out--,allah ,akbar6 and there is no god but ,god6 ,wandering in the solemn desert1 he has wondered like a child ,not as yet too proud to wonder1 at the sun1 and star1 and wild4 ,oh1 thou moon6 who made thy brightness8 ,stars6 who hung you there on high8 ,answer6 so my soul may worship3 ,i must worship or die6 ,then there fell the brooding silence that precedes the thunder's roll2 ,and the old ,arabian ,whirlwind called another ,arab soul4 ,who is this that comes from ,hara8 not in kingly pomp and pride1 ,but a great1 free son of ,nature1 lion-souled and eagle-eyed6 ,he has stood and seen ,mount ,hara to the ,awful ,presence nod2 ,he has heard from cloud and lightning--,know there is no god but ,god6 ,call ye this man an imposter8 ,he was called ,the ,faithful1 when1 ,a boy1 he wandered o'er the deserts1 by the wild-eyed ,arab men4 ,he was always called ,the ,faithful4 ,truth he knew was ,allah's breath2 ,but the ,lie went darkly gnashing through the corridors of ,death4 ,he was fierce6 ,yes6 fierce at falsehood--fierce at hideous bits of wood1 ,that the ,koreish taught the people made the sun and solitude4 ,but his heart was also gentle1 and ,affection's graceful palm1 ,waving in his tropic spirit1 to the weary brought a balm4 ,precepts8 ,have on each compassion3 ,lead the stranger to your door3 ,in your dealings keep up justice3 ,give a tenth unto the poor4 ,yet ambitious6 ,yes6 ambitious--while he heard the calm and sweet ,aiden-voices sing--to trample troubled ,hell beneath his feet4 ,islam8 ,yes6 ,submit to ,heaven6 ,prophet8 ,to the ,east thou art6 ,what are prophets but the trumpets blown by ,god to stir the heart8 ,and the great heart of the desert stirred unto that solemn strain1 ,rolling from the trump at ,hara over ,error's troubled main4 ,and a hundred dusky millions honor still ,el ,amin's rod-- ,daily chanting--,allah ,akbar6 know there is no god but ,god6 ,call him then no more ,impostor4 ,mecca is the ,choral ,gate ,where1 till ,zion's noon shall take them1 nations in her morning wait4 ,mr4 ,wallace has published a few songs4 ,they have not the stately movement of his other pieces1 and the one which follows needs the application of the file2 but it is1 like the others1 very spirited3 ,,aveline4 ----,the sunny eyes of the maiden fair ,give answer better than voice or pen ,that as he loves he is loved again4--,c4 ,c4 ,,leeds4 ,love me dearly1 love me dearly with your heart and with your eyes2 ,whisper all your sweet emotions1 as they gushing1 blushing rise2 ,throw your soft white arms about me2 ,say you cannot live without me3 ,say1 you are my ,aveline2 say1 that you are only mine1 ,that you cannot live without me1 young and rosy ,aveline6 ,love me dearly1 dearly1 dearly3 speak you love-words silver-clearly1 ,so ,i may not doubt thus early of your fondness1 of your truth4 ,press1 oh6 press your throbbing bosom closely1 warmly to my own3 ,fix your kindled eyes on mine--say you live for me alone1 ,while ,i fix my eyes on thine1 ,lovely1 trusting1 artless1 plighted2 plighted1 rosy ,aveline6 ,love me dearly2 love me dearly3 radiant dawn upon my gloom3 ,ravish me with ,beauty's bloom3-- ,tell me ,life has yet a glory3 'tis not all an idle story6 ,as a gladdened vale in noonlight2 as a weary lake in moonlight1 ,let me in thy love recline3 ,show me life has yet a splendor in my tender ,aveline4 ,love me dearly1 dearly1 dearly with your heart and with your eyes3 ,whisper all your sweet emotions as they gushing1 blushing rise4 ,throw your soft white arms around me2 say you lived not till you found me-- ,say it1 say it1 ,aveline6 whisper you are only mine2 ,that you cannot live without me1 as you throw your arms about me1 ,that you cannot live without me1 artless1 rosy ,aveline6 ,our limits will not permit us to quote any of the remaining poems of this volume in full1 and we conclude our extracts with a few passages penciled while in a hasty reading4 ,in the piece entitled ,the ,kings of ,sorrow1 the poet sings3 ,was ,,he not sad amid the grief and strife1 the ,lord of light and life1 ,whose torture made humanity divine1 upon that woful hill of ,palestine8 ,then is it not far better thus to be1 thoughtful1 and brave1 and melancholy1 ,than given up to idle revelry1 amid the unreligious brood of folly8 ,for our sorrow is a worship1 worship true1 and pure1 and calm1 ,sounding from the choir of duty like a high1 heroic psalm1 ,in its very darkness bearing to the bleeding heart a balm4 ,brothers1 we must have no wailing3 do we agonize alone8 ,look at all the pallid millions2 hear a universal moan1 ,from the mumbling1 low-browed ,bushman to a ,lytton on his throne4 ,nor shall we have coward faltering3 ,brothers6 we must be sublime ,by due labor at the forges blazing in the cave of ,time2 ,knowing life was made for duty1 and that only cowards prate ,of a search for ,happy ,valley and the hard decrees of fate3 ,seeing through this night of mourning all the future as a star1 ,and a joy at last appearing on the centuries afar1 ,when the meaning of the sorrow1 when the mystery shall be plain1 ,when the ,earth shall see her rivers roll through ,paradise again4 ,o6 the vision gives to sorrow something white and purple-plumed3 ,even the hurricane of ,evil comes a hurricane perfumed4 ,in the same3 444 ,the ,storm is silent while we speak2 ,the awe-struck ,cloud hath paused above the peak2 ,the far ,volcano statlier waves on high ,his smoking censer to the solemn sky2 ,and see1 the troubled ,ocean folds his hands ,with a great patience on the yellow sands4 ,in ,rest3 ,so rest6 and ,rest shall slay your many woes2 ,motion is god-like--god-like is repose1 ,a mountain-stillness1 of majestic might1 ,whose peaks are glorious with the quiet light ,of suns when ,day is at his solemn close4 ,nor deem that slumber must ignoble be4 ,jove labored lustily once in airy fields2 ,and over the cloudy lea ,he planted many a budding shoot ,whose liberal nature daily1 nightly yields ,a store of starry fruit4 ,his labor done1 the weary god went back ,up the long mountain track ,to his great house2 there he did wile away ,with lightest thought a well-won holiday2 ,for all the ,powers crooned softly an old tune ,wishing their ,sire might sleep ,through all the sultry noon ,and cold blue night2 ,and very soon ,they heard the awful ,thunderer breathing low and deep4 ,and in the hush that dropped adown the spheres1 ,and in the quiet of the awe-struck space1 ,the worlds learned worship at the birth of years3 ,they looked upon their ,lord's calm1 kingly face4 ,and bade ,religion come and kiss each starry place4 ,in the same3 ,see what a languid glory binds ,the long dim chambers of the darkling ,west1 ,while far below yon azure river winds ,like a blue vein on sleeping ,beauty's breast4 ,in ,the ,gods of ,old3 ,not realmless sit the ancient gods ,upon their mountain-thrones ,in that old glorious ,grecian ,heaven ,of regal zones4 ,a languor o'er their stately forms ,may lie1 ,and a sorrow on their wide white brows1 ,king-dwellers of the sky6 ,but theirs is still that large imperial throng ,of starry thoughts and firm but quiet wills1 ,that murmured past the blind old ,king of ,song1 ,when staring round him on the ,thunderer's hills4 ,in the same3 444 ,still ,love1 sublime1 shall wrap ,his awful eyebrows in ,olympian shrouds4 ,or take along the ,heaven's dark wilderness ,his thunder-chase behind the hunted clouds4 ,and mortal eyes upturned shall behold ,apollo's robe of gold ,sweep through the long blue corridor of the sky ,that1 kindling1 speaks its ,deity3 ,and ,he1 the ,ruler of the ,sunless ,land ,of restless ghosts1 shall fitfully illume ,with smouldering fires1 that stir in caverned eyes1 ,hell's mournful ,house of ,gloom4 ,in the ,hymn to a ,wind1 ,going ,seaward3 ,move on6 ,move on1 ,wind of the wide wild ,west6 ,tell thou to all ,the ,isles1 tell thou to all the ,continents ,the grandeur of my land6 ,speak of its vales ,where ,independence wears a pastoral wreath ,amid the holy quiet of his flock2 ,and of its mountains with their cloudy beards ,tossed by the breath of centuries2 and speak ,of its tall cataracts that roll their bass ,amid the choral of the midnight storms2 ,and of its rivers lingering through the plains ,so long1 that they seem made to measure time2 ,and of its lakes that mock the haughty sea2 ,and of its caves where banished gods might find ,night large enough to hide their crownless heads2 ,and of its sunsets broad and glorious there ,o'er ,prairies spread like endless oceans on-- ,and on--and on--over the far dim leagues ,till vision shudders o'er immensity4 ,in the same3 ----,troubled ,france ,shall listen to thy calm deep voice1 and learn ,that ,freedom must be calm if she would fix ,her mountain moveless in a heaving world4 ,in a ,chant to the ,east3 ,still6 ,oh still6 ,despite of passion1 sin1 and ill1 ,despite of all this weary world hath brought1 ,an angel band from ,zion's holy hill ,walks gently through the open gate of ,thought4 ,oh1 still6 ,oh1 still6 ,despite of passion1 sin1 and ill1 ,,one in red vesture comes in sorrow's time-- ,,one crowned with thorns from that far ,orient clime1 ,who pitying looks on me ,and gently asks1 ,poor man1 what aileth thee8 ,in the same3 ,the nations must forever turn to thee1 ,feeling thy lustrous presence from afar2 ,and feed upon thy splendor as a sea ,feeds on the shining shadow of a star4 ,in ,wordsworth3 ,and many a brook shall murmur in my verse2 ,and many an ocean join his cloudy bass2 ,and many a mountain tower aloft1 whereon ,the black storm crouches1 with his deep-red eyes ,glaring upon the valleys stretch'd below2 ,and many a green wood rock the small1 bright birds ,to musical sleep beneath the large1 full moon2 ,and many a star shall lift on high her cup ,of luminous cold chrysolite1 set in gold ,chased subtilely over by angelic art2 ,to catch the odorous dews which poets drink ,in their wide wanderings2 and many a sun ,shall press the pale lips of the timorous morn ,couch'd in the bridal east3 and over all ,will brood the visible presence of the ,,one ,to whom my life has been a solemn chant4 ,in the ,last ,words of ,washington3 ,there is an awful stillness in the sky1 ,when after wondrous deeds and light supreme1 ,a star goes out in golden prophecy4 ,there is an awful stillness in the world1 ,when after wondrous deeds and light supreme1 ,sceptres refused and forehead crowned with truth1 ,a ,hero dies1 with all the future clear ,before him1 and his voice made jubilant ,by coming glories1 and his nation hushed1 ,as though they heard the farewell of a god4 ,a great man is to earth as ,god to ,heaven4 ,in ,greenwood ,cemetery3 ,o1 ye whose mouldering frames were brought and placed ,by pious hands within these flowery slopes ,and gentle hills1 where are ye dwelling now8 ,for man is more than element6 ,the soul ,lives in the body as the sunbeam lives ,in trees or flowers that were but clay without4 ,then where are ye1 lost sunbeams of the mind8 ,are ye where great ,orion towers and holds ,eternity on his stupendous front8 ,or where pale ,neptune in the distant space ,shows us how far1 in his creative mood1 ,with pomp of silence and concentred brows1 ,the ,almighty walked8 ,or haply ye have gone ,where other matter roundeth into shapes ,of bright beatitude3 ,or do ye know ,aught of dull space or time1 and its dark load ,of aching weariness8 ,mr4 ,wallace is somewhat too much of a rhetorician1 and he has a few defects of manner which1 from this frequent repetition1 he seems to regard as beauties4 ,peculiar phrases1 of doubtful propriety1 but which have a musical roll1 occur in many of his poems1 so that they become very prominent2 this fault1 however1 belongs chiefly to his earlier pieces2 the extracts we have given1 we think will amply vindicate to the most critical judgments1 the praise here awarded to him as a poet of singular and unusual powers1 original1 earnest1 and in a remarkable degree national4 ,it can scarcely be said of any of our bards that they have caught their inspiration more directly from observation and experience1 or that their effusions1 whatever the distinction they have in art1 are more genuine in feeling4 ,,america ,,as ,,abused ,,by ,a ,,german4 ,having made it a point to faithfully report all that is said of our country by foreign travellers or journalists1 we deem it a duty to lay before our readers not only the more agreeable accounts given by those who have impartially examined our institutions and manners1 but also the more prejudiced relations of those who1 urged by interest or ill-nature1 have sketched simply the darker and more irregular outlines4 ,and we are the more induced to follow this course since we are fully convinced that it is productive of equal good with the former4 ,we have--particularly to ,english eyes--appeared as a people who eagerly devour all that is said to our discredit1 and at the same time fiercely repudiate the slightest insinuation that we in any thing fall short of perfection4 ,as regards the latter1 we shall content ourselves with remarking1 that even the disposition to deny the existence of imperfection among us1 redounds far more to our credit1 than the complacent exaltation of our weaker points to virtues2 while as to the former1 we are certain that a higher feeling than mere nervous1 sensitive vanity1 induces in us the desire ,to see ourselves as others see us1 since there is no nation which more readily avails itself of the remarks of others1 even when by far too bitter or unjust to improve4 ,true to our national character of youthfulness1 we are ever ready to act on every hint4 ,we are1 par excellence1 a learning nation4 ,send even the young ,englishman on his continental tour1 and the chances are ten to one that he returns with every prejudice strengthened1 and his vanity increased4 ,but the ,american--ductile as wax1 evinces himself even at an advanced period of life1 susceptible of improvement1 yet firm in its retention4 ,that we earnestly strive in every respect to improve is evident from many little things which foreigners ridicule4 ,for instance1 the habitual use of fine language1 and the attempt to clothe even our ordinary trains of thought in an elegant garb1 which has been time and again cruelly ridiculed by ,yankee goaders1 is to a reflecting mind suggestive of commendation1 from the very fact1 that an attempt at least is made to improve4 ,better a thousand times the impulse to progress1 even through the whirlwinds of hyperbole and inflated expression1 than the heavy miasma of a patois1 the lightest breath of which at once proclaims the cockney or provincial4 ,for the entertainment of those who are willing to live1 laugh1 and learn1 we are induced to give our readers a few extracts from a recently published work1 by a ,german1 entitled1 ,skizzen aus den ,vereinigten ,staaten von ,nord ,amerika3 ,von ,,dr4 ,a4 ,,kirsten1 7or1 ,sketches of the ,united ,states of ,north ,america1 by ,dr4 ,a4 ,,kirsten17 a work in which the author1 after exhausting all the three-penny thunder of ignorant abuse1 coolly informs his readers1 that he has by no means represented things in their worst light4 ,the ,american public at large are not aware that among the rulers of ,germany1 emigration to ,america is sternly yet anxiously discouraged4 ,rejoiced as they are to behold our country a receptacle for the sweepings of their prisons and ,fuchthaueser1 or houses of correction1 they still gaze with an alarmed glance at the almost incredible forth-wandering which has at times depopulated entire villages1 and borne with it an amount of wealth1 which1 trifling as it may appear to us1 is in a land of economy and poverty of immense importance4 ,the reader who judges of ,germany by ,great ,britain and ,ireland1 is mistaken4 ,that emigration which is to the government of the latter countries health and safety1 brings to the former death and destruction4 ,as a proof of this1 we need only point to the tone of all the ,german papers which are in any manner connected with the interests of their respective courts4 ,in all we find the old song3 ,depreciation of ,america1 as far as applicable to the prevention of emigration4 ,to accomplish this end1 writers are hired and poets feed2 remedies against emigration are proposed by political economists1 and where possible1 even clergymen are induced to persuade their flocks to nibble still in the ancient stubble1 or among the same old barren rocks4 ,dr4 ,kirsten1 it would appear1 is either a natural and habitual grumbler1 or a paid hireling4 ,if the former1 we can only pity--if the latter1 despise him4 ,could our voice be heard by his patrons1 we would1 however1 advise them to employ a better grumbler--one who can wield lance and sword against his foes1 instead of mops and muddy water4 ,a weaker lancer1 or more impotent and impudent abuser1 has rarely appeared1 even among our earlier ,english decriers4 ,like many other weak-minded individuals1 the ,herr ,doctor appears to have started under the fullest conviction that our country was1 if not a true ,schlaraffen ,land1 or ,pays de ,cocagne1 or ,mahomet's ,paradise1 in which pigeons ready roasted fly to the mouth1 at least a realized ,icarie1 or perfected ,fourier-dom4 ,all the books which he had read1 relative to ,america1 described it in glowing colors1 and inclined his mind favorably toward it4 ,such was his faith in these books1 or also so great his fear1 that these glorious dreams might be dissipated1 that he did not even ascertain or confirm their truth by the personal experience of those who had been there1 and we are informed naively enough in the preface1 that previous to his departure he had but once had an opportunity of conversing with an educated ,german1 who had resided for a long time in ,america4 ,such weak heedlessness as this does not1 to our ears at least1 savor of the characteristic prudence and deliberation of the ,german1 and strongly confirms us in the belief1 that the doctor wandered forth well knowing what he was about--in other words1 that he went his way with his opinions already cut and dried4 ,after an eight weeks' voyage ,i arrived in ,new-,york4 ,it was at the end of ,august4 ,even in the vicinity of the ,gulf ,stream a terrible heat oppressed us1 which increased as we approached land2 but it was in that city that ,i became aware of what the heat in ,america really was4 ,many visits which ,i was obliged to make1 caused during the day a cruel exhaustion1 while at night ,i found no refreshment in slumber1 partly because the heat was hardly diminished1 and partly from the musquitoes1 and to me unaccustomed alarms of fire1 which were nightly repeated1 from which ,i found that life in ,america was by no means so agreeable as ,i had been led to infer from books and popular report4 ,from the single1 mysterious1 educated ,german with whom the doctor had conferred previous to his departure1 he had learned that1 in the ,united ,states1 any thing like marked distinction of class1 rank1 or caste1 did not exist2 and that this was particularly the case among ,germans living there4 ,the educated and refined knew how to draw into their society the less gifted1 and it was really singular to observe in how short a time the latter rose to a higher degree of culture4 ,people actually destitute of knowledge and manners1 in fact could not be found4 ,moreover1 ,i there anticipated a southern climate1 for which ,i had some years longed4 ,how miserably the poor doctor was disappointed in these moderate and reasonable anticipations1 appears from the following lamentable account3 ,ere long ,i1 indeed1 became acquainted with many ,germans1 who received me in the kindest manner1 and of whom recollections will ever be dear to me4 ,but this was not the case with the ,americans1 as ,i had been led to anticipate1 nor indeed with the ,germans1 generally4 ,among these ,i found neither connection nor unity1 and they mostly led a life such as ,i had in ,germany never met with1 while nothing like social cultivation1 in a higher sense1 was to be found4 ,led into the society of those who by day were devoted to business1 but in the evening scattered themselves1 here and there1 without a point of union1 ,i found myself in the noisy1 but pleasure-wanting city1 forlorn and unwell4 ,many1 to whom ,i complained of what ,i missed in ,new-,york1 thought that it might be found in ,philadelphia4 ,but even in ,philadelphia our pilgrim found not the promised ,paradise1 where there was no distinction of rank or family1 and where the more educated and refined would eagerly adopt him1 the lowly brother1 into their ,icarian circle4 ,neither did he discover the golden tropical region--the southern heaven--for which his soul had longed for years4 ,alas6 no4 ,after a residence of four weeks in ,new-,york1 ,i repaired to ,philadelphia1 and there found that among the ,germans1 things were the same as in ,new-,york--in fact1 there was even less unity among them4 ,but although the doctor did not discover any ,germans inspired with the sublime spirit of harmony1 he certainly appears to have met with several who had acquired the ,american virtue of common sense4 ,a ,german who had been for a long time resident in the ,united ,states asserted that he had1 as yet1 met with no fellow-countryman1 who had been in the beginning satisfied with ,america4 ,others were of the opinion1 that ,i would first be pleased with the country when ,i had found a profitable employment4 ,and some others1 that ,i would never be satisfied4 ,and so the doctor1 ever dependent on others for happiness1 looked here and there1 like the pilgrim after ,aden1 or the hero of the ,morning ,watch1 for the ideal of his dreams4 ,the so-called entirely ,german towns in ,pennsylvania were ,german only in name4 ,the heat disgusted him with the south--the cold with the north4 ,after residing nine months in ,poughkeepsie1 he returned to ,new-,york1 and there remained for some time1 occupied1 as it would appear1 solely with acquiring information4 ,this residence at an end1 he returned to ,germany4 ,we pass over the first chapters of his work1 devoted to an ordinary account of the climate1 animals1 and plants of the country1 to a more interesting picture1 namely--its inhabitants4 ,from this we learn that the ,american is cold1 dry1 and monosyllabic1 in his demeanor and conversation4 ,during his return to ,germany he was delayed for a period of something less than nine days at ,falmouth1 ,england1 where1 during his daily walks1 he experienced that in comparison with us the ,english are amiable1 communicative1 and agreeable4 ,indeed1 he found that when1 during a promenade in ,america1 strangers returned his greetings1 these polite individuals were invariably ,britons1 which proves that while in more recent times1 the ,english have assumed or approached the customs of other nations1 the ,americans have remained true to the character and being of the earlier emigrants1 and are at present totally distinct from the ,english of to-day4 ,this is especially shown by the demeanor of ,americans towards foreigners1 and nearly as much so by their conduct to one another4 ,regard them where we will1 they are ever the same4 ,in the larger or the smaller towns1 in the streets or in the country1 every one goes his own way without troubling himself about others1 and without saluting those with whom he is unacquainted4 ,never do we see neighbors associating with each other2 and neighborly friendship is here unknown4 ,if acquaintances meet1 they nod to each other1 or the one murmurs1 ',how do you do8' while the other replies1 ',very well1' without delaying an instant1 unless business affairs require a conversation4 ,this concluded1 they depart without a word1 unless1 indeed1 as an exception1 they wish each other good morning1 or evening4 ,nor are they less distant in hotels1 or during journeys in railroad cars and steamboats4--,continued conversations1 in which several take part1 are extremely rare4 ,any one speaking frequently to a stranger1 at table or during a journey1 runs the risk not merely of being regarded as impertinent1 but as entertaining dishonest views2 and1 indeed1 one should invariably be on his guard against ,americans who manifest much friendliness1 since1 in this manner1 pickpockets are accustomed to make their advances4 ,in a corresponding degree this coldness of disposition is manifested towards more intimate acquaintances4 ,never do we observe among friends a deep and heart-inspired1 or even a confiding relationship4 ,nay1 this is not even to be found among members of the same family4 ,the son or the daughter1 who has not for several days seen his or her parents1 returns and enters the room without a greeting1 or without any signs of joy being manifested by either4 ,or else the salutation is given and returned in such a manner that scarcely a glance passes between the parties4 ,the direst calamities are imparted and listened to with an apathy evincing no signs of emotion1 and a great disaster1 occurring on a railroad or steamboat1 in the ,united ,states1 excites in ,germany more attention and sympathy than in the former country1 even when friends and perhaps relatives have thereby suffered4 ,even the loss of a member of the family is hardly manifested by the survivors4 ,in a recent ,english work we were indeed complimented for our patience1 but it was reserved for ,doctor ,kirsten to discover in us1 this degree of iron-hearted1 immovable1 nil admirarism4 ,but when he goes on to assert that in the most deadly peril--in such moments as those which precede the anticipated explosion of a steamboat boiler1 even their ladies preserve the same repose and equanimity1 so that any expression from a stranger is coldly listened to1 without producing evident impression1 our surprise is changed to wonder1 and we are tempted to inquire1 ,can it be possible1 that we are such ,spartans--endowed with such superior human stoicism8 ,this coldness of the ,american is legibly impressed on his features4 ,in both sexes we frequently meet with pretty1 and occasionally beautiful1 faces2 but seldom1 however1 do we perceive in either1 aught cheerful or attractive4 ,in place thereof we observe1 even in the fairest1 a certain earnestness1 verging towards coldness4 ,from the great majority of faces we should judge that no emotion could be made to express itself upon them1 and such is truly the case4 ,that the nearest acquaintances address each other with ,sir and ,master1 or ,miss and ,mistress1 and that husband and wife1 parents and children1 yes1 even the children themselves employ these titles to each other1 has undoubtedly much to do with their marked and cold demeanor4 ,but this must have a deeper ground than that merely caused by the use of distant forms of salutation4 ,and yet1 the ,americans are by no means of a bad disposition1 since they are neither crafty and treacherous1 nor revengeful1 nor even prone to distrust2 on the contrary1 quite peaceable1 and by the better classes1 there is much charity for apparent misery2 seldom does one suffering with bodily ailments leave the house of a wealthy man without being munificently aided2 the which charity is silently extended to him1 without a sign of emotion4 ,those who are capable of work--no matter what the cause of their sufferings may be1 seldom receive alms1 for the ,americans go upon the principle that work is not disgraceful1 and without reflecting that the applicant may not have been accustomed to work1 refuse in any manner to aid him4 ,if any man want work1 he can apply to the overseers of the poor1 who are obliged to receive him in a poor-house1 and maintain him until he find such4 ,much is done at the state's expense for the aged1 sick1 and insane4 ,after this our doctor lets fall a few flattering drops of commendation by way of admitting that this iron immobility of the ,american is not without its good points1 but fearing that he has spoken too favorably1 he brings up the chapter by remarking that-- ,the here-mentioned good traits in the ,american character can1 however1 by no means overbalance or destroy the evil impression which their coldness produces1 but merely soften it4 ,from our appearance and deportment he proceeds to a bold1 hasty1 and remarkably superficial criticism of education in ,america4 ,the father of a family in ,america1 we are informed1 is occupied with business from morning to night1 and leaves all care for the education and training of his children to the mother1 who is1 however1 generally quite incapable to fulfil such duty4 ,no teacher dare correct a child1 for fear of incurring legal punishment1 in consequence of which they grow up destitute of decency1 order1 or obedience4 ,some few1 indeed1 find their way eventually into academies and colleges1 which are not so badly managed2 but1 as for school-boys1 since there is no one to insure their regular attendance at school1 they play truant a discretion4 ,as for the children of the lower and middle classes1 they pass their boyhood in idleness1 and grow up in ignorance1 until at a later period they enter into business1 when they are compelled to perfect themselves in the arts of reading and writing1 yet they quickly acquire the business spirit of their fathers4 ,the education of the girls is1 however1 of an entirely different nature4 ,on them the mothers expend much care and trouble1 which is1 however1 of the most perverted kind1 since it is in its nature entirely external4 ,before all1 do they seek to give them an air of decency and culture1 which is1 nevertheless1 more apparent than real4 ,in accordance with the republican spirit of striving after equality1 every mother--no matter how poor1 or how low her rank may be--desires to bring her daughter up in such a manner that she may be inferior in respectability and external culture to no one4 ,in fact1 the daughters of the poorest workman bear themselves like those of the richest merchant4 ,in their mien we see a pride flashing forth1 which can hardly be surpassed by that of the haughtiest daughters of the highest ,german nobility4 ,and that their daughters may in every respect equal those of others1 we see poor men lavishing upon them their last penny2 and while the boys run in the streets1 covered with ragged and dirty fragments of clothing1 the sisters wear bonnets with veils1 bearing parasols1 and while at school1 short dresses and drawers4 ,after this fearful announcement1 we are informed1 that the poor girls profit as little in school as their unhappy brothers1 and that no regard is paid to their future destiny4 ,even after the maiden has left school1 her mother instructs her in no feminine employment1 not even in domestic affairs1 and least of all1 in cookery4 ,while the former lives1 and the daughter remains unmarried1 she 7the mother17 attends to housekeeping1 as far as the word can be taken in the ,german sense1 while her daughter passes the time in reading1 more frequently with bedecking herself1 but generally in idleness4 ,when the daughter1 however1 marries1 we may well imagine how a house is managed in such hands4 ,the principal business henceforth is self-adornment and housekeeping4 ,all imaginable care is bestowed upon these branches1 but none whatever on any other4 ,cookery is of the lowest grade2 nearly every day sees the same dishes1 and those1 also1 which are prepared with the least trouble4 ,very frequently1 indeed1 the husbands are obliged to prepare their meals before and after their business hours4 ,knitting and spinning1 either in town or country1 is unknown2 only manufactured or woven stockings are worn1 and shirts are generally purchased ready-made in the shops4 ,washing is the only work which they undertake1 and this is done by young ladies of wealthy family4 ,this takes place every ,monday1 for there are very few families who own linen sufficient for more than a single week's wear4 ,so long as the father lives1 his daughters stick to him1 useless as they are1 and heavy as the burden may be to him4 ,it is his business to see where the money comes from wherewith to nourish and decently clothe them3 on this account the servant girls in ,america generally consist of ,irish1 ,germans1 and blacks4 ,even these1 taking pattern from their mistresses1 refuse to perform duties which are expected from every housemaid in ,germany--for examples1 boot-brushing1 clothes-cleaning1 and the bringing of water across the way1 as well as street and step-cleaning2 for which reason we often see respectable men performing these duties4 ,from this terrible plague of daughters1 and daughterly extravagance1 the doctor finds that poorer men in ,america are by no means as well off as would be imagined from their high wages4 ,the father with many daughters1 so far from advancing in wealth1 generally falls behind4 ,fearing the cost of a family1 many men remain unmarried1 and in no country in the world are there so many old maids as in the ,united ,states4 ,from which the author finds that dreadful instances of immorality and infanticide result4 ,filial duty1 he asserts1 is unknown4 ,when the son proposes emigration to another place1 or the undertaking of a new business1 he announces it to his father perhaps the evening before2 while the daughters act in like manner as regards marriage1 or1 it may be1 mention it to him for the first time after it has really taken place--from which the custom results that parents give their children no part of their property before death4 ,nothing is known of a true family life1 in which parents are intimately allied to children1 or brothers and sisters to each other4 ,we spare our readers the sneer at those writers who have praised the ,americans in their domestic relations1 with which this veracious1 high-minded1 and unprejudiced chapter concludes4 ,in science and art1 we are sunk1 it seems1 almost beneath contempt2 the former being cultivated only so far as it is conducive to money-making4 ,the professions of ,divinity1 ,law1 and ,medicine1 are badly and superficially taught and acquired4 ,there are1 indeed1 says the doctor1 in ,new-,york and ,philadelphia1 institutions where the student has opportunities of becoming1 if he will1 an excellent physician2 but these are far from being well patronized4 ,as regards general education1 he asserts that1 though a few professors in our colleges are highly educated men1 this cannot be said of their pupils1 since the latter set no value on knowledge not directly profitable1 and the backward condition of ancient languages1 natural science1 even geography1 history and statistics1 save as applicable to their own country1 is really a matter of wonder4 ,but in the fine arts1 it appears1 we are sunk so far beneath contempt that we really wonder that the doctor should have found it1 in this particular1 worth while to abuse us4 ,there are but two monuments in all ,america worthy of mention1 and both are in ,baltimore4 ,philadelphia and ,new-,york have nothing of the kind to show1 though each city possesses two public squares or parks planted with trees1 which are well adapted to receive such works of art1 and where the eye sadly misses them4 ,public and private collections of statues and pictures are altogether wanting1 and the walls of the rich are generally devoid of paintings and copper-plate engravings4 ,what they have generally consists of family portraits1 or those of ,washington and other presidents4 ,but to dazzle the eye1 we find in the possession of the wealthy1 the most worthless pictures in expensive gold frames4 ,of late years a public gallery has been established in ,new-,york for the sale of such productions4 ,as far however as the works of native artists are concerned1 we find among them none inspired by high art2 on the contrary1 they are generally1 to the last degree1 mediocre affairs1 or mere daubs 7wahre ,klecksereien7 not worth hanging up2 the better however are exaggerated and unnatural both in subject and color4 ,this is also the case with most of the copper-plate engravings exposed for sale in the ,french shop-windows1 and which appear almost as if manufactured in ,paris expressly for the ,american taste4 ,the inferior appreciation of art in the ,americans and their delight in extravagance is particularly shown in the political caricatures1 which are entirely deficient in all refined wit1 consisting either of stupid allusions to eminent men or party leaders1 or direct and clumsy exaggerations4 ,by way of amends for all this abuse1 our author admits that we excel in all practical arts and labor-saving inventions4 ,but in proportion to the backward state of the fine arts1 is the advance which the ,americans have made in all pertaining to mechanics1 and technical art4 ,particular attention is paid to the supplanting of hand labor by machinery4 ,even the most trifling apparatus or tool is constructed with regard to practical use1 and it only needs a more careful observation of this to convince us that in all such matters they have the advantage of ,germany4 ,it is often truly startling to see how simply and usefully those articles used in business are constructed--for example1 the one-horse cars 7drays or trucks87 and hand-carts1 employed in conveying merchandise to and from stores4 ,as a proof how far the ,americans have advanced in mechanic arts1 we may mention that high houses1 of wood or brick1 several stories high and entire1 are transported on rollers to places several feet distant4 ,occasionally1 to add a story1 the house is raised by screws into the air and the building substructed4 ,in either case the family remains quietly dwelling therein4 ,but alas1 even these few rays of commendatory comfort vanish in the dark1 after reflection1 that it is precisely this ingenuity and enterprise in business and practical matters which unfits us for all the kinder and more social duties1 and renders us insensible to every soothing and refining influence4 ,no allowance for past events1 unavoidable circumstances1 or our possible future destiny1 appears to cross the doctor's mind4 ,all is dark and desolate4 ,true1 every man of high and low degree--the laborer and shop-man--the lawyer and clergyman1 pause in the street to study any mechanical novelty which meets their eye--but ere they do this the doctor is mindful to suggest that they pass picture shop-windows without deigning to glance therein4 ,the professions are studied like trades1 and in matters of criminal law our condition is truly deplorable4 ,it happened not many months since1 he informs us1 that the publisher of a slanderous ,new-,york paper1 was castigated by a lady1 with a hunting whip1 in ,broadway1 at noon4 ,the said lady had been 7according to custom7 unjustly and cruelly abused in the journal referred to4 ,so great was her irritation that she actually followed the editor along the streets1 lashing him continually4 ,but the finale of this startling incident consists of the fact that the lady1 on pleading guilty1 was fined six cents4 ,there is an obscurity attached to his manner of narrating this anecdote1 which leaves the opinion of the author a little uncertain4 ,six cents would in some parts of ,germany be a serious fine1 worthy of appeal1 mercy1 and abatement4 ,in different parts of ,suabia and even ,baden1 notices may be seen posted up1 in which the commission of certain local offences is prohibited by fines ranging from four to twelve cents4 ,on the whole1 as a zealous defender of the purity and dignity of woman1 when unjustly assailed1 we are inclined to think that the author sides with the ,,lady4 ,but we need not follow the doctor further in his career of discontent and prejudice4 ,before concluding1 we would however caution the reader against supposing that he expresses views in any degree accordant with the feelings and opinions of his countrymen4 ,the best1 the most numerous1 the most impartial1 and we may add1 by far the most favorable works on ,america1 are from ,german pens4 ,in confirmation of our assertion that his work is unfavorably regarded at home we may adduce the fact that it has been severely handled by excellent reviewers among them2 take for example the following1 from the ,leipzig ,central ,blatt4 ,after favorably noticing the late excellent work of ,,quentin on the ,united ,states1 he proceeds to say of the doctor's ,sketches1 that ,,herr ,,kirsten seems to desire to be that for ,north ,america1 which ,nicolai of noted memory was in his own time for ,italy4 ,already1 on arrival1 we find him in ill temper1 caused by the excessive heat1 which ill-humor is aggravated by his being obliged to make many calls by day1 and the musquitoes and alarms of fire which disturbed his slumbers during the night4 ,in other places he was no better pleased4 ,the ,germans were disagreeable on account of their want of unity1 the ,americans from their coldness--in short1 he missed home life--could not accustom himself to the new country1 and returned after a sojourn of less than two years to ,germany4 ,in 'sketches1' resulting from such circumstances1 we naturally encounter only the darker side of ,american life4 ,much may indeed be true of what he asserts regarding the natural capabilities1 climate1 soil1 and inhabitants of the land1 the manners and customs of the latter1 their common and party spirit1 education of children1 and the condition of science and art2 but particulars are either too hastily generalized1 or else the better points1 as for example1 the characteristic traits of the people1 their extraordinary progress in physical and mental culture1 and the excellent management of the country1 are either entirely omitted or receive by far too slight notice4 ,his narrow-minded and ill-natured disposition to find fault is also shown by his reproaching the ,americans with faults which they share in common with every nation in ,america1 ourselves included1 as1 for example1 excesses committed by political partisans4 ,still1 the book may not be entirely without value1 at least to those who see every thing on the other side of the water only in a rosy light1 and believe that the ,german emigrant as soon as his foot touches shore1 enters a state of undisturbed happiness4 ,so much for the critical doctor's popularity at home4 ,in conclusion1 we may remark that our main object in this notice1 in addition to amusing our readers1 has been to prove by this exception1 and the displeasure which it excites in ,germany1 the rule1 that by the writers of that country our own has been almost invariably well spoken of4 ,and we have deemed these remarks the more requisite1 lest some reader might casually infer that ,dr4 ,kirsten expressed the views and sentiments of any considerable number of his countrymen4 ,,reminiscences ,,of ,,the ,,late ,,mr4 ,,cooper4--,,his ,,last ,,days4 ,a ,,letter ,,to ,,the ,,editor ,,of ,,the ,,international4 ,,by ,,john ,w4 ,,francis1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,,new-,,york1 ,october #ast1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir1--,i readily comply with your wish that ,i should furnish you with such reminiscences of the late ,mr4 ,cooper as occur to me1 although the pressure of professional engagements absolutely forbids such details as ,i would gladly record4 ,for nearly thirty years ,i have been the occasional medical adviser1 and always the ardent personal friend of the illustrious deceased2 but our intercourse has been so fragmentary1 owing to the distance we have lived apart1 and the busy lives we have both led1 that the impressions which now throng upon and impress me are desultory and varied1 though endearing4 ,i first knew ,mr4 ,cooper in #ahbc4 ,he at that time was recognized as the author of ,precaution1 of the ,spy1 and of the ,pioneers4 ,the two last-named works had attracted especial notice by their widely extended circulation1 and the novelty of their character in ,american literature4 ,he was often to be seen at that period in conversation at the ,city ,hotel in ,broadway1 near ,old ,trinity1 where many of our most renowned naval and military men convened4 ,he was the original projector of a literary and social association called the ,bread and ,cheese ,club1 whose place of rendezvous was at ,washington ,hall4 ,they met weekly1 in the evening1 and furnished the occasion of much intellectual gratification and genial pleasure4 ,that most adhesive friend1 the poet ,halleck1 ,chancellor ,kent1 ,g4 ,c4 ,verplanck1 ,wiley1 the publisher of ,mr4 ,cooper's works1 ,dekay1 the naturalist1 ,c4 ,a4 ,davis 7,jack ,downing71 ,charles ,king1 now ,president of ,columbia ,college1 ,j4 ,depeyster ,ogden1 ,j4 ,w4 ,jarvis1 the painter1 ,john and ,william ,duer1 and many others1 were of the confederacy4 ,washington ,irving1 at the period of the formation of this circle of friends1 was in ,england1 occupied with his inimitable ,sketch ,book4 ,i had the honor of an early admittance to the ,club4 ,in balloting for membership the bread declared an affirmative2 and two ballots of cheese against an individual proclaimed non-admittance4 ,from the meetings of this society ,mr4 ,cooper was rarely absent4 ,when presiding officer of the evening1 he attracted especial consideration from the richness of his anecdotes1 his wide ,american knowledge1 and his courteous behavior4 ,these meetings were often signally characterized by the number of invited guests of high reputation who gathered thither for recreative purposes1 both of mind and body2 jurists of acknowledged eminence1 governors of different ,states1 senators1 members of the ,house of ,representatives1 literary men of foreign distinction1 and authors of repute in our own land4 ,it was gratifying to observe the dexterity with which ,mr4 ,cooper would cope with some eastern friend who contributed to our delight with a ,boston notion1 or with ,trelawny1 the associate of ,byron1 descanting on ,greece and the ,younger ,son1 or with any guests of the ,club1 however dissimilar their habits or character2 accommodating his conversation and manners with the most marvellous facility4 ,the ,new-,york attachments of ,mr4 ,cooper were ever dominant4 ,i witnessed a demonstration of the early enthusiasm and patriotic activity of our late friend in his efforts1 with many of our leading citizens1 in getting up the ,grand ,castle ,garden ,ball1 given in honor of ,lafayette4 ,the arrival of the ,nation's ,guest at ,new-,york1 in #ahbd1 was the occasion of the most joyful demonstrations1 and the celebration was a splendid spectacle2 it brought together celebrities from many remote parts of the ,union4 ,mr4 ,cooper must have undergone extraordinary fatigue during the day and following night2 but nearly as he was exhausted1 he exhibited1 when the public festivals were brought to a close1 that astonishing readiness and skill in literary execution for which he was always so remarkable4 ,adjourning near daybreak to the office of his friend ,mr4 ,charles ,king1 he wrote out more quickly than any other hand could copy1 the very long and masterly report which next day appeared in ,mr4 ,king's paper--a report which conveyed to tens of thousands who had not been present1 no inconsiderable portion of the enjoyment they had felt who were the immediate participants in this famous festival4 ,the manly bearing1 keen intelligence1 and thoroughly honorable instincts of ,mr4 ,cooper1 united as they were with this gift of writing--soon most effectively exhibited in his literary labors1 now constantly increasing--excited my highest expectations of his career as an author1 and my sincere esteem for the man4 ,there was a fresh promise1 a vigorous impulse1 and especially an ,american enthusiasm about him1 that seemed to indicate not only individual fame1 but national honor4 ,since that period ,i have followed his brilliant course with no less admiration than delight4 ,it was to me a cause of deep regret that soon after his return from ,europe1 crowned with a distinct and noble reputation1 he became involved in a series of law-suits1 growing out of libels1 and originating partly in his own imprudence1 and partly in the reckless severity of the press4 ,but these are but temporary considerations in the retrospect of his achievements2 and if ,i mistake not1 in these difficulties he in every instance succeeded in gaining the verdict of the jury4 ,it was a task insurmountable to overcome a fact as stated by ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,associated as he was in my own mind with the earliest triumphs of ,american letters1 ,i think of him as the creator of the genuine nautical and forest romances of ,long ,tom ,coffin and ,leatherstocking2 as the illustrator of our country's scenes and characters to the ,europeans2 and not as the critic of our republican inconsistencies1 or as a litigant with caustic editors4 ,it is well known that for a long period ,mr4 ,cooper1 at occasional times only1 visited ,new-,york city4 ,his residence for many years was an elegant and quiet mansion on the southern borders of ,otsego ,lake4 ,here--in his beautiful retreat1 embellished by the substantial fruits of his labors1 and displaying everywhere his exquisite taste1 his mind1 ever intent on congenial tasks1 which1 alas6 are left unfinished1 surrounded by a devoted and highly cultivated family1 and maintaining the same clearness of perception1 serene firmness1 and integrity of tone1 which distinguished him in the meridian of his life--were his mental employments prosecuted4 ,he lived chiefly in rural seclusion1 and with habits of methodical industry4 ,when visiting the city he mingled cordially with his old friends2 and it was on the last occasion of this kind1 at the beginning of ,april1 that he consulted me with some earnestness in regard to his health4 ,he complained of the impaired tone of the digestive organs1 great torpor of the liver1 weakness of muscular activity1 and feebleness in walking4 ,such suggestions were offered for his relief as the indications of disease warranted4 ,he left the city for his country residence1 and ,i was gratified shortly after to learn from him of his better condition4 ,during ,july and ,august ,i maintained a correspondence with him on the subject of his increasing physical infirmities1 and frankly expressed to him the necessity of such remedial measures as seemed clearly necessary4 ,though occasionally relieved of my anxieties by the kind communications of his excellent friend and attending physician1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,i was not without solicitude1 both from his own statements as well as those of ,dr4 ,johnson himself1 that his disorder was on the increase2 certain symptoms were indeed mitigated1 but the radical features of his illness had not been removed4 ,a letter which ,i soon received induced me forthwith to repair to ,cooperstown1 and on the #bgth of ,august ,i saw ,mr4 ,cooper at his own dwelling4 ,my reception was cordial4 ,with his family about him he related with great clearness the particulars of his sufferings1 and the means of relief to which he was subjected4 ,dr4 ,johnson was in consultation4 ,i at once was struck with the heroic firmness of the sufferer1 under an accumulation of depressing symptoms4 ,his physical aspect was much altered from that noble freshness he was wont to bear2 his complexion was pallid2 his interior extremities greatly enlarged by serous effusion2 his debility so extreme as to require an assistant for change of position in bed2 his pulse sixty-four4 ,there could be no doubt that the long continued hepatic obstruction had led to confirmed dropsy1 which1 indeed1 betrayed itself in several other parts of the body4 ,yet was he patient and collected4 ,that powerful intellect still held empire with commanding force1 clearness1 and vigor4 ,i explained to him the nature of his malady2 its natural termination when uncontrolled2 dwelt upon the favorable condition and yet regular action of the heart1 and other vital functions1 and the urgent necessity of endeavoring still more to fulfil certain indications1 in order to overcome the force of particular tendencies in the disorder4 ,i frankly assured him that within the limits of a week a change in the complaint was indispensable to lessen our forebodings of its ungovernable nature4 ,he listened with fixed attention2 and now and then threw out suggestions of cure such as are not unfrequent with cultivated minds4 ,the great characteristics of his intellect were now even more conspicuous than before4 ,not a murmur escaped his lips2 conviction of his extreme illness wrought no alteration of features2 he gave no expression of despondency2 his tone and his manner were equally dignified1 cordial1 and natural4 ,it was his happiness to be blessed with a family around him whose greatest gratification was to supply his every want1 and a daughter for a companion in his pursuits1 who was his intelligent amanuensis and correspondent as well as indefatigable nurse4#a ,i forbear enlarging on matters too professional for present detail4 ,during the night after my arrival he sustained an attack of severe fainting1 which convinced me still further of his great personal weakness4 ,an ennobling philosophy1 however1 gave him support1 and in the morning he had again been refreshed by a sleep of some few hours' duration4 ,i renewed to him and to his family the hopes and the discouragements in his case4 ,never was information of so grave a cast received by any individual in a calmer spirit4 ,he said little as to his prospects of recovery4 ,upon my taking leave of him1 however1 shortly after1 in the morning1 ,i am convinced from his manner that he shared my apprehensions of a fatal termination of his disorder4 ,nature1 however strong in her gifted child1 had now her healthful rights largely invaded4 ,his constitutional buoyancy and determination1 by leading him to slight that distant and thorough attention demanded by primary symptoms1 doubtless contributed to their subsequent aggravation4 ,i shall say but a few words more on this agonizing topic4 ,the letters which ,i received1 after my return home1 communicated at times some cheering facts of renovation1 but on the whole1 discouraging demonstrations of augmenting illness1 and lessened hope1 were their prominent characteristics4 ,a letter to me from his son-in-law1 of the #adth of ,september1 announced3 ,mr4 ,cooper died1 apparently without much pain1 to-day at half-past one1 ,p4,m41 leaving his family1 although prepared by his gradual failure1 in deep affliction4 ,he would have been sixty-two years old to-morrow4 ,a life of such uniform and unparalleled excellence and service1 a career so brilliant and honorable1 closed in a befitting manner1 and was crowned by a death of quiet resignation4 ,conscious of his approaching dissolution1 his intelligence seemed to glow with increased fulness as his prostrated frame yielded by degrees to the last summons4 ,it is familiarly known to his most intimate friends1 that for some considerable period prior to his fatal illness1 he appropriated liberal portions of his time to the investigation of scriptural truths1 and that his convictions were ripe in ,christian doctrines4 ,with assurances of happiness in the future1 he graciously yielded up his spirit to the disposal of its ,creator4 ,his death1 which must thus have been the beginning of a serene and more blessed life to him1 is universally regarded as a national loss4 ,will you allow me to add a few words to this letter1 already perhaps of undue extent4 ,it has been my gratification during a life of some duration to have become personally acquainted with many eminent characters in the different walks of professional and literary avocation4 ,i never knew an individual more thoroughly imbued with higher principles of action than ,mr4 ,cooper3 he acted upon principles1 and fully comprehended the principles upon which he acted4 ,casual observers could scarcely1 at times1 understand and appreciate his motives or conduct4 ,an independence of character worthy of the highest respect1 and a natural boldness of temper which led him to a frank1 emphatic1 and intrepid utterance of his thoughts and sentiments1 were uncongenial to that large class of people1 who1 from the want of moral courage1 or a feeble physical temperament1 habitually conform to public opinion1 and endeavor to conciliate the world4 ,mr4 ,cooper was one of the most genuine ,americans in his tone of mind1 in manly self-reliance1 in sympathy with the scenery1 the history1 and the constitution of his country1 which it has ever been my lot to know4 ,his genius was ,american1 fresh1 vigorous1 independent1 and devoted to native subjects4 ,the opposition he met with on his return from ,europe1 in consequence of his patriotic1 though1 perhaps1 injudicious attempts to point out the faults and duties of his countrymen1 threw him reluctantly on the defensive1 and sometimes gave an antagonistic manner to his intercourse2 but1 whoever1 recognizing his intellectual superiority1 and respecting his integrity of purpose1 met him candidly1 in an open1 cordial and generous spirit1 soon found in ,mr4 ,cooper an honest man1 and a thorough patriot4 ,how strongly is impressed upon my memory his personal appearance1 so often witnessed during his rambles in ,broadway and amidst the haunts of this busy population4 ,his phrenological development might challenge comparison with that of the most favored of mortals4 ,his manly figure1 high1 prominent brow1 clear and fine gray eye1 and royal bearing1 revealed the man of will and intelligence4 ,his intellectual hardihood was remarkable4 ,he worked upon a novel with the patient industry of a man of business1 and set down every fact of costume1 action1 expression1 local feature1 and detail of maritime operations or woodland experience1 with a kind of consciousness and precision that produced a ,flemish exactitude of detail1 while in portraying action1 he seemed to catch by virtue of an eagle glance and an heroic temperament1 the very spirit of his occasion and convey it to the reader's nerves and heart1 as well as to his understanding4 ,herein ,mr4 ,cooper was a man of unquestionable originality4 ,as to his literary services1 some idea may be formed of the consideration in which they are held by the almost countless editions of many of his works in his own country1 and their circulation abroad by translations into almost every living tongue4 ,i may add a word or two on the extent of his sympathies with humanity4 ,what a love he cherished for superior talents in every ennobling pursuit in life--how deep an interest he felt in the fortunes of his scientific and literary friends--what gratification he enjoyed in the physical inquiries of ,dekay and ,le ,conte1 the muse of ,halleck and of ,bryant1 the painting of ,cole1 the sculpture of ,greenough6 ,dunlap1 were he speaking1 might tell you of his gratuities to the unfortunate playwright and the dramatic performer4 ,with the mere accumulators of money--those golden calves whose hearts are as devoid of emotion as their brains of the faculty of cogitation--he held no congenial communion at any time3 they could not participate in the fruition of his pastime2 and he felt in himself an innate superiority in the gifts with which nature had endowed him4 ,he was ever vigilant1 a keen observer of men and things2 and in conversation frank and emphatic4 ,it was a gratifying spectacle to encounter him with old ,col4 ,trumbull1 the historical painter1 descanting on the many excellencies of ,cole's pencil1 in the delineation of ,american forest-scenery--a theme the richest in the world for ,mr4 ,cooper's contemplation4 ,a ,shylock with his money-bags never glutted over his possessions with a happier feeling than did these two eminent individuals--the venerable ,colonel with his patrician dignity1 and ,cooper with his somewhat aristocratic bearing1 yet democratic sentiment2 the one fruitful with the glories of the past1 the other big with the stirring events of his country's progress1 in the refinement of arts1 and national power4 ,trumbull was one of the many old men ,i knew who delighted in ,cooper's writings1 and who in conversation dwelt upon his captivating genius4 ,to his future biographer ,mr4 ,cooper has left the pleasing duty rightly to estimate the breadth and depth of his powerful intellect--psychologically to investigate the development and functions of that cerebral organ1 which for so many years1 with such rapid succession and variety1 poured out the creations of poetic thought and descriptive illustration--to determine the value of his capacious mind by the influence which1 in the dawn of ,american literature1 it has exercised1 in rearing the intellectual fabric of his country's greatness--and to unfold the secret springs of those disinterested acts of charity to the poor and needy1 which signalized his conduct as a professor of religious truth1 and a true exampler of the ,christian graces4 ,he has unquestionably done more to make known to the transatlantic world his country1 her scenery1 her characteristics1 her aboriginal inhabitants1 her history1 than all preceding writers4 ,his death may well be pronounced a national calamity4 ,by common consent he long occupied an enviable place--the highest rank in ,american literature4 ,to adopt the quaint phraseology of old ,thomas ,fuller1 the felling of so mighty an oak must needs cause the increase of much underwood4 ,who will fill the void occasioned by his too early departure from among us1 time alone must determine4 ,with much consideration1 ,i remain1 ,dear sir1 yours most truly1 ,,john ,w4 ,,francis4 ,,public ,,honors ,,to ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,mr4 ,,cooper4 ,in the last number of the ,international we were able merely to announce the death of our great countryman ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,the following account of proceedings in reference to the event is compiled mainly from the ,evening ,post4 ,a meeting of literary men1 and others1 was held at the ,city ,hall in ,new-,york1 on the #beth of ,september1 for the purpose of taking the necessary measures for rendering fit honors to the memory of the deceased author4 ,rufus ,w4 ,griswold1 calling the meeting to order1 said it had been convened to do justice to the memory of the most illustrious ,american who had died in the present century4 ,since the design of such a meeting had first been formed1 a consultation among ,mr4 ,cooper's friends had been held1 and it had been determined that the present should be only a preparatory meeting1 for the making of such arrangements as should be thought necessary for a more suitable demonstration of respect for that eminent person1 whose name1 more completely than that of any of his cotemporaries and countrymen1 had filled the world4 ,on motion of ,judge ,duer1 ,washington ,irving was elected ,president of the meeting4 ,on motion of ,joseph ,blunt1 ,fitz ,greene ,halleck and ,rufus ,w4 ,griswold were appointed ,secretaries4 ,mr4 ,blunt said1 that as it had been thought proper to consider this occasion as merely preliminary1 and for the purpose of making arrangements to do honor to the distinguished author who has left us1 he would move that a committee of five be appointed by the chair1 to report what measures should be adopted1 by the literary gentlemen of this city and of the country1 so far as they may see fit to join them1 for the purpose of rendering appropriate honors to the memory of the late ,j4 ,fenimore ,cooper4 ,the motion was adopted1 and the chair appointed the following gentlemen members of the committee3 ,judge ,duer1 ,richard ,b4 ,kimball1 ,dr4 ,francis1 ,fitz ,greene ,halleck1 and ,george ,bancroft2 to whom ,washington ,irving and ,rufus ,w4 ,griswold were subsequently added4 ,the meeting then adjourned4 ,this committee afterwards met and appointed as a ,general ,committee to carry out the designs of the meeting3 ,washington ,irving1 ,james ,k4 ,paulding1 ,john ,w4 ,francis1 ,gulian ,c4 ,verplanck1 ,charles ,king1 ,richard ,b4 ,kimball1 ,rufus ,w4 ,griswold1 ,lewis ,gaylord ,clarke1 ,francis ,l4 ,hawks1 ,john ,a4 ,dix1 ,george ,bancroft1 ,fitz ,greene ,halleck1 ,john ,duer1 ,william ,c4 ,bryant1 ,george ,p4 ,morris1 ,charles ,anthon1 ,samuel ,osgood1 ,j4 ,m4 ,wainright1 and ,william ,w4 ,campbell4 ,r4 ,w4 ,griswold1 ,donald ,g4 ,mitchell1 ,parke ,godwin1 ,c4 ,f4 ,briggs1 and ,starbuck ,mayo were appointed a ,committee of ,correspondence4 ,besides letters from many of the gentlemen present1 others had been received from some twenty of the most eminent literary men of the ,united ,states1 all expressing the warmest sympathy in the proposal to do every possible honor to the memory of ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,we copy from these the following3 ,from ,washington ,irving4 ,,sunnyside1 ,thursday1 ,sept4 #ah1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3--,the death of ,fenimore ,cooper1 though anticipated1 is an event of deep and public concern1 and calls for the highest expression of public sensibility4 ,to me it comes with something of a shock2 for it seems but the other day that ,i saw him at our common literary resort at ,putnam's1 in full vigor of mind and body1 a very castle of a man1 and apparently destined to outlive me1 who am several years his senior4 ,he has left a space in our literature which will not easily be supplied4444 ,i shall not fail to attend the proposed meeting on ,wednesday next4 ,very respectfully1 your friend and servant1 ,,washington ,,irving4 ,rev4 ,,rufus ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,william ,c4 ,bryant4 ,,rochester1 ,friday1 ,sept4 #ai1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3--,i am sorry that the arrangements for my journey to the ,west are such that ,i cannot be present at the meeting which is about to be held to do honor to the memory of ,mr4 ,cooper1 on losing whom not only the country1 but the civilized world and the age in which we live1 have lost one of their most illustrious ornaments4 ,it is melancholy to think that it is only until such men are in their graves that full justice is done to their merit4 ,i shall be most happy to concur in any step which may be taken to express1 in a public manner1 our respect for the character of one to whom we were too sparing of public distinctions in his lifetime1 and beg that ,i may be included in the proceedings of the occasion as if ,i were present4 ,i am1 very respectfully yours1 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,bryant4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,bishop ,doane4 ,,riverside1 ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #bb1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3--444,i beg you to say1 generally1 in your discretion1 that ,i yield to no one who will be present1 in my estimate of the distinguished talents and admirable services of ,mr4 ,cooper1 or in my readiness to do the highest honor to his illustrious memory4 ,his name must ever find a place among the household words of all our hearts2 a name as beautiful for its blamelessness of life1 as it is eminent for its attainments in letters1 which has subordinated to the higher interests of patriotism and piety1 the fervors of fancy and the fascinations of romance4 ,very faithfully1 your friend and servant1 ,g4 ,w4 ,,doane4 ,rev4 ,,rufus ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,mr4 ,bancroft4 ,,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 ,thursday1 ,sept4 #ah1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3--,i heartily sympathize with the design of a public tribute to the genius1 manly character1 and great career of the illustrious man whose loss we deplore4 ,others have combined very high merit as authors1 with professional pursuits4 ,mr4 ,cooper was1 of those who have gone from among us1 the first to devote himself exclusively to letters4 ,we must admire the noble courage with which he entered on a course which none before him had tried2 the glory which he justly won was reflected on his country1 of whose literary independence he was the pioneer1 and deserves the grateful recognition of all who survive him4 ,by the time proposed for the meeting1 ,i fear ,i shall not be able to return to ,new-,york2 but you may use my name in any manner that shall strongly express my delight in the writings of our departed friend1 my thorough respect for his many virtues1 and my sense of that surpassing ability which has made his own name and the names of the creations of his fancy1 household words throughout the civilized world4 ,i remain1 dear sir1 very truly yours1 ,,george ,,bancroft4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,john ,p4 ,kennedy4 ,,baltimore1 ,october1 #ahea4 ,,dear ,,sir3--,your invitation reached me too late to enable me to participate in the meeting which has just been held at the ,city ,hall in your city1 to render appropriate honors to the memory of ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,i rejoice to see what has been done and what you propose to do4 ,it is due to the eminent merits of ,fenimore ,cooper1 that there should be an impressive public recognition of the loss which our country has sustained in his death4 ,he stood confessedly at the head of a most attractive and popular department of our literature1 in which his extraordinary success had raised him up a fame that became national4 ,the country claimed it as its own4 ,this fame was acknowledged and appreciated not only wherever the ,english tongue is the medium of thought1 but every where amongst the most civilized nations of ,europe4 ,our literature1 in the lifetime of the present generation1 has grown to a maturity which has given it a distinction and honorable place in that aggregate which forms national character4 ,no man has done more in his sphere to elevate and dignify that character than ,fenimore ,cooper3 no man is more worthy than he1 for such services1 of the highest honors appropriate to a literary benefactor4 ,his genius has contributed a rich fund to the instruction and delight of his countrymen1 which will long be preserved amongst the choicest treasures of ,american letters1 and will equally induce to render our national literature attractive to other nations4 ,we owe a memorial and a monument to the man who has achieved this4 ,this work is the peculiar privilege of the distinguished scholars of ,new-,york1 and ,i have no doubt will be warmly applauded1 and if need be1 assisted1 by every scholar and friend of letters in the ,union4 ,with the best wishes for the success of this enterprise1 ,i am1 my dear sir1 very truly yours1 ,,john ,p4 ,,kennedy4 ,rev4 ,,rufus ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,c4 ,j4 ,ingersoll4 ,,fonthill1 ,,philadelphia1 ,september1 #cjth1 #ahea4 ,,dear ,,sir3--,your favor1 inviting me to a meeting of the friends of ,fenimore ,cooper1 did not reach me till this morning1 owing probably to irregularity of the post-office4 ,otherwise ,i should have tried to attend the proposed meeting1 not only as a friend of ,mr4 ,cooper1 but as one among those of his countrymen who consider his memory a national trust for honored preservation4 ,in my opinion of ,fenimore ,cooper as a novelist he is entitled to one merit to which few if any one of his cotemporary ,european romance writers can lay claim1 to wit1 originality4 ,leatherstocking is an original character1 and entirely ,american1 which is probably one of the reasons why ,cooper was more appreciated in ,continental ,europe than even ,scott1 whose magnificent fancy embellished every thing1 but whose genius1 ,i think1 originated nothing4 ,and then1 in my estimate of ,mr4 ,cooper's superior merits1 was manly independence--a rare ,american virtue4 ,for the less free ,englishman or ,frenchman1 politically1 there was a freeness in the expression as well as adoption of his own views of men and things4 ,and a third kindred merit of ,cooper was high-minded and gentlemanly abstinence from self-applause4 ,no distinguished or applauded man ever was less apt to talk of himself and his performances4 ,unlike too many modern poets1 novelists1 and other writers1 apt to become debauchees1 drunkards1 blackguards and the like 7as if1 as some think1 genius and vice go together71 ,mr4 ,cooper was a gentleman remarkable for good plain sense1 correct deportment1 striking probity and propriety1 and withal unostentatiously devout4 ,not meaning to disparage any one in order by odious comparisons to extol him1 ,i deem his ,naval ,history a more valuable and enduring historical work than many others1 both ,english and ,american1 of contemporaneous publication and much wider dissemination4 ,in short1 if the gentlemen whose names ,i have seen in the public journals with yours1 proposing some concentrated eulogium1 should determine to appoint a suitable person1 with time to prepare it1 ,i believe that ,fenimore ,cooper may be made the subject of illustration in very many and most striking lights1 justly reflecting him1 and with excellent influence on his country4 ,i do not recollect1 from what ,i read lately in the newspapers1 precisely what you and the other gentlemen associated with you in this proceeding propose to do1 or whether any thing is to take place4 ,but if so1 whatever and wherever it may be1 ,i beg you to use this answer to your invitation1 and any services ,i can render1 as cordial contributions1 which ,i shall be proud and happy to make4 ,i am very respectfully your humble servant1 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ingersoll4 ,rev4 ,,rufus ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,from ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james4 ,,stockbridge1 ,mass41 #bc;d ,september1 #ahea4 ,,dear ,,doctor ,,griswold3--,i regret extremely that it will not be in my power to be present at the meeting to testify respect for the memory of ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,i grieve sincerely that so eminent a man is lost to the country and the world2 and though unacquainted with him personally1 ,i need hardly tell you how highly his abilities as an author1 and his character1 were appreciated by yours faithfully1 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james4 ,from ,mr4 ,everett4 ,,cambridge1 #bc;d ,september1 #ahea4 ,,dear ,,sir3--,i received this afternoon your favor of the #agth1 inviting me to attend and participate in the meeting to be held in your ,city ,hall1 for the purpose of doing honor to the memory of the late ,mr4 ,fenimore ,cooper4 ,i sincerely regret that ,i cannot be with you4 ,the state of the weather puts it out of my power to make the journey4 ,the object of the meeting has my entire sympathy4 ,the works of ,mr4 ,cooper have adorned and elevated our literature4 ,there is nothing more purely ,american1 in the highest sense of the word1 than several of them4 ,in his department he is facile princeps4 ,he wrote too much to write every thing equally well2 but his abundance flowed out of a full1 original mind1 and his rapidity and variety bespoke a resolute and manly consciousness of power4 ,if among his works there were some which1 had he been longer spared to us1 he would himself1 on reconsideration1 have desired to recal1 there are many more which the latest posterity will not willingly let die4 ,with much about him that was intensely national1 we have but one other writer 7,mr4 ,irving71 as widely known abroad4 ,many of ,cooper's novels were not only read at every fireside in ,england1 but were translated into every language of the ,european continent4 ,he owed a part of his inspiration to the magnificent nature which surrounded him2 to the lakes1 and forests1 and ,indian traditions1 and border-life of your great state4 ,it would have been as difficult to create ,leatherstocking anywhere out of ,new-,york1 or some state closely resembling it1 as to create ,don ,quixotte out of ,spain4 ,to have trained and possessed ,fenimore ,cooper will be--is already--with justice1 one of your greatest boasts4 ,but we cannot let you monopolize the care of his memory4 ,we have all rejoiced in his genius2 we have all felt the fascination of his pen2 we all deplore his loss4 ,you must allow us all to join you in doing honor to the name of our great ,american novelist4 ,i remain1 dear sir1 with great respect1 very truly yours1 ,,edward ,,everett4 ,rev4 ,,rufus ,w4 ,,griswold4 ,letters of similar import were received from ,richard ,h4 ,dana1 ,george ,ticknor1 ,william ,h4 ,prescott1 ,john ,neal1 and many other eminent men1 all approving the design to render the highest honors to the illustrious deceased4 ,at the meeting of the ,new-,york ,historical ,society1 on the evening of ,tuesday1 the #gth of ,october1 after the transaction of the regular business1 the following resolutions were moved by ,rev4 ,rufus ,w4 ,griswold1 and seconded by ,mr4 ,george ,bancroft3-- ,whereas1 ,it has pleased ,almighty ,god to remove from this life our illustrious associate and countryman1 ,,james ,,fenimore ,,cooper1 while his fame was in its fulness1 and his intelligence was still unclouded by age or any infirmity1 therefore3 ,resolved1 ,that this society has heard of the death of ,james ,fenimore ,cooper with profound regret3 ,that it recognizes in him an eminent subject and a masterly illustrator of our history3 ,that1 in his contributions to our literature he displayed eminent genius and a truly national spirit3 ,that1 in his personal character1 he was honorable1 brave1 sincere1 and generous1 as respectable for unaffected virtue as he was distinguished for great capacities3 ,that this society1 appreciating the loss which1 however heavily it has fallen upon this country and the literary world1 has fallen most heavily upon his family1 instructs its officers to convey to his family1 assurances of respectful sympathy and condolence4 ,dr4 ,,john ,w4 ,,francis addressed the society in a very interesting speech1 in support of these resolutions4 ,among the great men of letters1 he said1 whom our country has produced1 there were none greater than ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,i knew him for a period of thirty years1 and during all that time ,i never knew any thing of his character that was not in the highest degree praiseworthy4 ,he was a man of great decision of character1 and a fair expositor of his own thoughts on every occasion--a thorough ,american1 for ,i never knew a man who was more entirely so in heart and principle4 ,he was able1 with his vast knowledge1 and a powerful physical structure1 to complete whatever he attempted4 ,he had studied the history of this country with a large philosophy1 and understood our people and their character better than any other writer of the age4 ,he was not only perfectly acquainted with our general history1 but was thoroughly conversant with that of every state1 county1 village1 lake1 and river4 ,and with his vast knowledge he was no less remarkable for ability as a historian than for his intrepidity of personal character4 ,i could not1 said ,dr4 ,francis1 allow this opportunity to pass without paying my tribute to the merits of this truly great man4 ,mr4 ,,george ,,bancroft next addressed the society4 ,my friend1 he said1 has spoken of the illustrious deceased as an ,american--,i say that he was an embodiment of the ,american feeling1 and truly illustrated ,american greatness4 ,we were endeavoring to hold up our heads before the world1 and to claim a character and an intellect of our own1 when ,cooper appeared with his powerful genius to support our pretensions4 ,he came forth imbued with ,american life1 and feeling1 and sentiment4 ,another like ,cooper cannot appear1 for he was peculiarly suited to his time1 which was that of an invading civilization4 ,the fame and honor which he gained1 were not obtained by obsequious deference to public opinion1 but simply by his great ability and manly character4 ,great as he was in the department of romantic fiction1 he was not less deserving of praise in that of history4 ,in ,lionel ,lincoln he has described the battle of ,bunker ,hill better than it is described in any other work4 ,in his naval history of the ,united ,states he has left us the most masterly composition of which any nation could boast on a similar subject4 ,mr4 ,bancroft proceeded in a masterly analysis of some of ,mr4 ,cooper's characters1 and ended with an impressive assertion of the purity of his contributions to our literature1 the eminence of his genius1 and the dignity of his personal character4 ,dr4 ,,hawks spoke with his customary eloquence of the personal character of ,mr4 ,cooper1 his indefectible integrity1 his devotion to the best interests of his country1 and his religious spirit4 ,he approved the resolutions which had been offered to the society4 ,the ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,osgood said3 ,it must seem presumptuous in me1 ,mr4 ,president1 to try to add any thing to the tribute which has been paid to the memory of ,cooper1 by gentlemen so peculiarly qualified from their experience and position to speak of the man and his services4 ,but all professions have their own point of view1 and ,i may be allowed to say a few words upon the relation of our great novelist to the historical associations and moral standards of our nation4 ,i cannot claim more than a passing acquaintance with the deceased1 and it belongs to friends more favored to interpret the asperities and illustrate the amenities which are likely to mark the character of a man so decided in his make and habit4 ,with his position as an interpreter of ,american history and a delineator of ,american character1 we are in this society most closely concerned4 ,none in this presence1 ,i am sure1 will rebuke me for speaking of the novelist as among the most important agents of popular education1 powerful either for good or ill4 ,is it not true1 ,sir1 that the romance is the prose epic of modern society1 and that we now look to its pages for the most graphic portraitures of men1 manners1 and events8 ,social and political life is too complex now for the stately march of the heroic poem1 and this age of print needs not the carefully measured verse to make sentences musical to the ear1 or to save them from being mutilated by circulation4 ,the romance is now the chosen form of imaginative literature1 and its gifted masters are educators of the popular ideal4 ,what epic poem of our times begins to compare in influence over the common mind with the stories of ,scott and ,cooper8 ,our novelist loved most to treat of scenes and characters distinctively national1 and his name stands indelibly written on our fairest lakes and rivers1 our grandest seas and mountains1 our annals of early sacrifice and daring4 ,with some of his criticisms on society1 and some of his views of political and historical questions1 ,i have personally little sympathy4 ,but1 when it is asked1 in the impartial standard of critical justice1 what influence has he exerted over the moral tone of ,american literature1 or to what aim has he wielded the fascinating pen of romance1 there can be but one reply4 ,with him1 fancy has always walked hand in hand with purity1 and the ideal of true manhood1 which is everywhere most prominent in his works1 is one of which we may well be proud as a nation and as men4 ,the element of will1 perhaps more strongly than intellectual analysis1 or exquisite sensibility1 or high imagination1 is the distinguished characteristic of his heroes1 and in this his portraitures are good types of what is strongest in the practical ,american mind4 ,his model man1 whether forester1 sailor1 servant1 or gentleman1 is always bent on bringing some especial thing to pass1 and the progress from the plan to the achievement is described with military or naval exactness4 ,yet he never overlooks any of the essential traits of a noble manhood1 and loves to show how much of enterprise1 courage1 compassion1 and reverence1 it combines with practical judgment and religious principle4 ,it has seemed to me that his stories of the seas and the forests are fitted to act more than ever upon the strong hearts in training for the new spheres of triumph which are now so wonderfully opening upon our people4 ,who does not wish that his noted hero of the backwoods might be known in every loghouse along our extending frontier1 and teach the rough pioneer always to temper daring by humanity8 ,who can ever forget that favorite character1 as dear to the reader as to the author--that paladin of the forest1 that lion-heart of the wilderness1 ,leatherstocking1 fearless towards man--gentle towards woman--a rough-cast gentleman of as true a heart as ever beat under the red cross of the crusader4 ,the very qualities needed in those old times of frontier strife are now needed for new emergencies in our more peaceful border life1 and our future depends vastly upon the characters that give edge to the advancing mass of our population now crowding towards the rocky mountains and the ,pacific coast4 ,it is well that this story-teller of the forest has been so true to the best traits of our nature1 and in so many points is a moralist too4 ,as a romancer of the sea1 ,cooper's genius may perhaps be but beginning to show its influence1 as a new age of commercial greatness is opening upon our nation4 ,mr4 ,cooper did not shrink from battle scenes and had no particular dread of gunpowder1 yet his best laurels upon the ocean have been won in describing feats of seamanship and traits of manhood that need no bloody conflict for their display1 and may be exemplified in fleets as peaceful and beneficent as ever spread their sails to the breezes to bear kindly products to friendly nations4 ,as we sit here this evening under the influence of the hour1 the images of many a famous exploit on the water seems to come out from his well-remembered pages and mingle themselves with recent scenes of marine achievement4 ,has not the ,water ,witch herself reappeared of late in our own bay1 and laden not with contraband goods1 but a freight of stout-hearted gentlemen1 borne the palm as ,skimmer of the ,seas1 from all competitors in presence of the royalty and nobility of ,england8 ,and the ,old ,ironsides1 has not she come back again1 more iron-ribbed than ever--not to fight over the old battles which our naval chronicler was so fond of rehearsing1 but under the name of the ,baltic or 7better omen7 the ,pacific1 to win a victory more honorable and encouraging than ever was carried by the thundering broadsides of the noble old ,constitution6 ,the commanders and pilots so celebrated by the novelist1 have they not successors indomitable as they8 and just now our ship-news brings good tidings of their achievements1 as they tell us of the ,flying ,cloud that has made light of the storms of the fearful southern cape1 and of the return of the adventurous fleet that has stood so well the hug of the ,polar icebergs1 and shown how nobly a crew may hunt for men on the seas with a ,red ,rover's daring and a ,christian's mercy4 ,it is well that the most gifted romancer of the sea is an ,american1 and that he is helping us to enact the romance of history so soon to be fact4 ,the empire of the waters1 which in turn has belonged to ,tyre1 ,venice1 and ,england1 seems waiting to come to ,america1 and no part of the world now so justly claims its possession as that state in which ,cooper had his home4 ,who does not welcome the promise of the new age of powerful commerce and mental blessing8 ,who does not feel grateful to any man who gives any good word or work to the emancipation of the sailor from his worst enemies1 and to the freedom of the seas from all the violence that stains its benignant waters8 ,while proud of our fleet ships1 let us not forget elements in their equipment more important than oak and iron4 ,in this age of merchandise1 let us adorn peace with something of the old manhood that took from warfare some of its horrors4 ,did time allow1 ,i might try to illustrate the power of an attractive literature in keeping alive national associations and moulding national character1 but ,i am content to leave these few fragmentary words with the society as my poor tribute to a writer who charmed many hours of my boyhood1 and who has won regard anew as the entertaining and instructive beguiler of some recent days of rural recreation4 ,may we not sincerely say that he has so used the treasures of our national scenery and history as to elevate the true ideal of true manhood1 and quicken the nation's memory in many respects auspiciously for the nation's hopes8 ,it is understood that a public discourse on the life and genius of ,mr4 ,cooper will be delivered by one of the most eminent of his contemporaries1 at ,tripler ,hall1 early in ,december1 and that measures will be adopted to secure the erection of a suitable monument to his memory in one of the public squares or parks of the city4 ,on this subject ,mr4 ,washington ,irving has written the following letter3 ,,sunnyside1 ,october1 #ahea4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3--,my occupations in the country prevent my attendance in town at the meeting of the committee1 but ,i am anxious to know what is doing4 ,i signified at our first meeting what ,i thought the best monument to the memory of ,mr4 ,cooper--a statue4 ,it is the simplest1 purest1 and most satisfactory--perpetuating the likeness of the person4 ,i understand there is an excellent bust of ,mr4 ,cooper extant1 made when he was in ,italy4 ,he was there in his prime2 and it might furnish the model for a noble statue4 ,judge ,duer suggested that his monument should be placed at ,washington1 perhaps in the ,smithsonian ,institute4 ,i was rather for ,new-,york1 as he belonged to this ,state1 and the scenes of several of his best works were laid in it4 ,besides1 the seat of government may be changed1 and then ,washington would lose its importance2 whereas ,new-,york must always be a great and growing metropolis--the place of arrival and departure for this part of the world--the great resort of strangers from abroad1 and of our own people from all parts of the ,union4 ,one of our beautiful squares would be a fine situation for a statue4 ,however1 ,i am perhaps a little too local in my notions on this matter4 ,cooper emphatically belongs to the nation1 and his monument should be placed where it would be most in public view4 ,judge ,duer's idea therefore may be the best4 ,there will be a question of what material the statue 7if a statue is determined on7 should be made4 ,white marble is the most beautiful1 but how would it stand our climate in the open air8 ,bronze stands all weathers and all climates1 but does not give so clearly the expression of the countenance1 when regarded from a little distance4 ,these are all suggestions scrawled in haste1 which ,i should have made if able to attend the meeting of the committee4 ,i wish you would drop me a line to let me know what is done or doing4 ,yours very truly1 ,,washington ,,irving4 ,the ,rev4 ,,rufus ,,griswold4 ,the plan thus recommended by ,mr4 ,irving will undoubtedly be approved by the committee and the public1 and there is little doubt that it will soon be carried into execution4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,the accomplished authoress of ,rural ,hours4--,ed4 ,international4 ,,the ,,london ,,times ,,on ,,american ,,intercommunication4 ,we are by no means confident that the ,mexican ,war1 with all its victories1 was more serviceable to our reputation in ,europe1 than the single victory of ,mr4 ,stevens1 in his yacht ,america1 off the ,isle of ,wight4 ,this triumph has been celebrated in a dinner at the ,astor ,house1 but the city might have well afforded to welcome the returning owner of the ,america with an illumination1 or the fathers1 in council assembled1 might have voted him a statue4 ,mr4 ,collins and ,mr4 ,stevens have together managed to deprive ,england of the trident of the seas1 and as soon as it was transferred there began a shower of honors1 which continues still1 from the ,times down to the very meanest of its imitators4 ,from that time the ,americans have had all the solid triumphs in the ,great ,exhibition4 ,we have been regarded as a wonderful people1 and our institutions as the most interesting study that is offered for contemporary statesmen and philosophers4 ,we copy below a specimen of the leaders with which the ,times has honored us1 and commend it to our readers1 not more for its tone than for the valuable information contained in it3-- ,,locomotion ,,by ,,river ,,and ,,railway ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,england has been so dazzled by the splendor of her own achievements in the creation of a new art of transport by land and water within the last thirty years1 as to become in a measure insensible to all that has been accomplished in the same interval and in the same department of the arts elsewhere1 improvements less brilliant1 indeed1 intrinsically1 than the stupendous system of inland transport1 which we lately noticed in these columns1 and having a lustre mitigated to our view by distance1 yet presenting in many respects circumstances and conditions which may well excite profound and general interest1 and even challenge a respectful comparison with the greatest of those advances in the art of locomotion of which we are most justly proud4 ,it will not1 therefore1 be without utility and interest1 after the detailed notice which we have lately given of our own advances in the adaptation of steam to locomotion1 to direct attention to the progress in the same department which has been simultaneously made in other and distant countries1 and first1 and above all1 by our friends and countrymen in the other hemisphere4 ,the inland transport of the ,united ,states is distributed mainly between the rivers1 the canals1 and the railways1 a comparatively small fraction of it being executed on common roads4 ,provided with a system of natural water communication on a scale of magnitude without any parallel in the world1 it might have been expected that the sparse population of this recently settled country might have continued for a long period of time satisfied with such an apparatus of transport4 ,it is1 however1 the character of man1 but above all of the ,anglo-,saxon man1 never to rest satisfied with the gifts of nature1 however munificent they be1 until he has rendered them ten times more fruitful by the application of his skill and industry1 and we find accordingly that the population of ,america has not only made the prodigious natural streams which intersect its vast territory over so many thousands of miles1 literally swarm with steamboats1 but they have1 besides1 constructed a system of canal navigation1 which may boldly challenge comparison with any thing of the same kind existing in the oldest1 wealthiest1 and most civilized ,states of ,europe4 ,it appears from the official statistics that1 on the #ast of ,january1 #ahdc1 the extent of canals in actual operation amounted to #d1ccc miles and that there were then in progress #b1cei miles1 a considerable portion of which has since been completed1 so that it is probable that the actual extent of artificial water communication now in use in the ,united ,states considerably exceeds #e1jjj miles4 ,the average cost of executing this prodigious system of artificial water communication was at the rate of #f1dcbl4 per mile1 so that #e1jjj miles would have absorbed a capital of above #cb1jjj1jjjl4 ,this extent of canal transport1 compared with the population1 exhibits in a striking point of view the activity and enterprise which characterize the ,american people4 ,in the ,united ,states there is a mile of canal navigation for every #e1jjj inhabitants1 while in ,england the proportion is #a to every #i1jjj inhabitants1 and ,france #a to every #ac1jjj4 ,the ratio1 therefore1 of this instrument of intercommunication in the ,united ,states is greater than in the ,united ,kingdom1 in proportion to the population1 as #i to #e1 and greater than in ,france in the ratio of #ac to #e4 ,the extent to which the ,american people have fertilized1 so to speak1 the natural powers of those vast collections of water which surround and intersect their territory1 is not less remarkable than their enterprise in constructing artificial lines of water communication4 ,besides the internal communication supplied by the rivers1 properly so called1 a vast apparatus of liquid transport is derived from the geographical character of their extensive coast1 stretching over a space of more than #d1jjj miles1 from the ,gulf of ,st4 ,lawrence to the delta of the ,mississippi1 indented and serrated with natural harbors and sheltered bays1 fringed with islands forming sounds1 throwing out capes and promontories which inclose arms of the sea in which the waters are free from the roll of the ocean1 and which1 for all the purposes of navigation1 have the character of rivers and lakes4 ,the lines of communication formed by the vast and numerous rivers are1 moreover1 completed in the interior by chains of lakes presenting the most extensive bodies of fresh water in the known world4 ,whatever question may be raised on the conflicting claims for the invention of steam navigation1 it is an incontestable fact that the first steamboat practically applied for any useful purpose was placed on the ,hudson1 to ply between ,new-,york and ,albany1 in #ahjh2 and1 from that time to the present that river has been the theatre of the most remarkable series of experiments of locomotion on water ever recorded in the history of man4 ,the ,hudson is navigable by steamers of the largest class as high as ,albany1 a distance of nearly #aej miles from ,new-,york4 ,the steam navigation upon this river is entitled to attention1 not only because of the immense traffic of which it is the vehicle1 but because it forms a sort of model for all the rivers of the ,atlantic ,states4 ,two classes of steamers work upon it--one appropriated to the swift transport of passengers1 and the other to the towing of the vast traffic which is maintained between the city of ,new-,york and the interior of the ,state of that name1 into the heart of which the ,hudson penetrates4 ,the passenger steamers present a curious contrast to the sea-going steamers with which we are familiar4 ,not having to encounter the agitated surface of the ocean1 they are supplied with neither rigging nor sails1 are built exclusively with a view to speed1 are slender and weak in their structure1 with great length in proportion to their beam1 and have but small draught of water4 ,the position and form of the machinery are peculiar4 ,the engines are placed on deck in a comparatively elevated situation4 ,it is but rarely that two engines are used4 ,a single engine placed in the centre of the deck drives a crank constructed on the axle of the enormous paddle-wheels1 the magnitude of which1 and the velocity imparted to them1 enable them to perform the office of fly-wheels4 ,these vessels1 which are of great magnitude1 are splendidly fitted up for the accommodation of passengers1 and have been within the last ten or twelve years undergoing a gradual augmentation of magnitude1 to which it would seem to be difficult to set a limit4 ,in the following table1 which we borrow from the work on ,railway ,economy1 from which we have already derived so large a portion of our information1 are given the dimensions and the details of fourteen of the principal steamers plying on the ,hudson in the year #ahch3-- ,length of deck4 ,breadth of beam4 ,draught4 ,diameter of wheels4 ,length of paddles4 ,depth of paddles4 ,number of engines4 ,diameter of cylinder4 ,length of stroke4 ,number of revolutions4 ,part of stroke at which steam ,names4 is cut off4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ft4 ft4 ft4 ft4 ft4ft4 in4 ft4 ,dewit ,clinton #bcjbh #e4e #ba #ac4gcf #a #fe #aj #bi 4#ge ,champlain #ahjbg #e4e #bb #ae #cd #b #dd #aj #bg4e4ej ,erie #ahjbg #e4e #bb #ae #cd #b #dd #aj #bg4e4ej ,north ,america #bjjcj #e #ba #ac #cj #b #dd4e #h #bd 4#ej ,independence #adhbf -- -- -- -- #a #dd #aj -- -- ,albany #babbf -- #bd4ead #cj #a #fe -- #ai -- ,swallow #bccbb4ec4gebd #aa #cj #a #df -- #bg -- ,rochester #bjjbe #c4gebc4eaj #bd #a #dc #aj #bh -- ,utica #bjjba #c4e #bb #i4ebd #a #ci #aj -- -- ,providence #ahjbg #i -- -- -- #a #fe #aj -- -- ,lexington #bjgba -- #bc #i #cj #a #dh #aa #bd -- ,narraganset #bajbf #e #be #aa #cj #a #fj #ab #bj 4#ej ,massachusetts #bjjbi4eh4e #bb #aj #bh #b #dd #h #bf -- ,rhode ,island #bajbf #f4e #bd #aa #cj #a #fj #aa #ba -- ---------------------------------------- -- ,averages #bjjbf #e4f #bd4haa #cj --#ej4h #aj #bd4h -- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,the changes more recently made all have a tendency to increase the magnitude and power of those vessels--to diminish their draught of water--and to increase the play of the expansive principle4 ,vessels of the largest class now draw only as much water as the smallest drew a few years ago1 four feet five inches being regarded as the maximum4 ,it appears from the following table that the average length of these prodigious floating hotels is above #cjj feet2 some of them approaching #djj4 ,in the passenger accommodation afforded by them no water communication in any country can compete4 ,nothing can exceed the splendor and luxury with which they are fitted up1 furnished1 and decorated4 ,silk1 velvet1 the most costly carpetings and upholstery1 vast mirrors1 gilding1 and carving1 are profusely displayed in their decoration4 ,even the engine-room in some of them is lined with mirrors4 ,in the ,alida1 for example1 the end of the engine-room is one vast mirror1 in which the movements of the brilliant and highly-finished machinery are reflected4 ,all the largest class are capable of running from twenty to twenty-two miles an hour1 and average nearly twenty miles without difficulty4 ,in the annexed table are exhibited the details of ten of the most recently constructed passenger vessels3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,dimensions ,,of ,,engine4 ,,paddle- ,,vessel4 ,,wheel4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,diameter of cylinder4 ,length4 ,length of ,diameter4 ,breadth4 stroke4 ,length of ,depth of ,number bucket4 ,names4 ,hold4 of ,depth of ,tonnage4 strokes4 bucket4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ft4 ft4 ft4 in4ft4 ft4ft4 in4 ,isaac ,newton #ccc #dj4d #aj4j #ha #ab #ah-a_/b #ci4jab4d #cb ,bay ,state #cjj #ci4j #ac4b #gf #ab #ba-a_/b #ch4jaj4c #cb ,empire ,state #cjd #ci4j #ac4f #gf #ab #ba-a_/b #ch4jaj4c #cb ,oregon #cjh #ce4j -- #gb #aa #ah #cd4jaa4j #bh ,hendrick ,hudson#cbj #ce4j #i4f #a1jej #gb #aa #bb #cc4jaa4j #cc ,c4 ,vanderbilt #cjj #ce4j #aa4j #a1jge #gb #ab #ba #ce4j #i4j #cc ,connecticut #cjj #cg4j #aa4j #gb #ac #ba #ce4jaa4f #cf ,commodore #bhj #cc4j #aj4f #fe #aa #bb #ca4f #i4j #cc ,new-,york #bgf #ce4j #aj4f #gf #ae #ah #dd4fab4j #cf ,alida #bhf #bh4j #i4f #ef #ab #bd-a_/b #cb4jaj4j #cb ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,averages #caj #ce4h #aa4j #ga4hab4abj4h #ce4jaj4h #cg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,it may be observed1 in relation to the navigation of those eastern rivers 7for we do not here speak of the ,mississippi and its tributaries71 that the occurrence of explosions is almost unheard of4 ,during the last ten years not a single catastrophe of this kind has been recorded1 although cylindrical boilers ten feet in diameter1 composed of plating #e-afths of an inch thick1 are commonly used with steam of #ejlb4 pressure4 ,previously to #ahdd the lowest fare from ,new-,york to ,albany1 a distance of #ade miles1 was #ds4 #d;d42 at present the fare is #bs4 #b;d4--and for an additional sum of the same amount the passenger can command the luxury of a separate cabin4 ,when the splendor and magnitude of the accommodation is considered1 the magnificence of the furniture and accessories1 and the luxuriousness of the table1 it will be admitted that no similar example of cheap locomotion can be found in any part of the globe4 ,passengers may there be transported in a floating palace1 surrounded with all the conveniences and luxuries of the most splendid hotel1 at the average rate of twenty miles an hour1 for less than one-sixth of a penny per mile6 ,it is not an uncommon occurrence during the warm season to meet persons on board these boats who have lodged themselves there permanently1 in preference to hotels on the banks of the river4 ,their daily expenses in the boat are as follows3 ,fare #bs4 #b;d4 ,separate bedroom #b #b ,breakfast1 dinner1 and supper #f #f ------ ,total daily expense for board1 lodging1 #aj #aj attendance1 and travelling #aej miles1 at #bj miles an hour ,such accommodation is1 on the whole1 more economical than a hotel4 ,the bedroom is as luxuriously furnished as the handsomest chamber in an hotel or private house1 and is much more spacious than the room similarly designated in the largest packet ships4 ,the other class of steamers1 used for towing the commerce of the river1 corresponds to the goods trains on railways4 ,no spectacle can be more remarkable than this class of locomotive machines1 dragging their enormous load up the ,hudson4 ,they may be seen in the midst of this vast stream1 surrounded by a cluster of twenty or thirty loaded craft of various magnitudes4 ,three or four tiers are lashed to them at each side1 and as many more at their bow and at their stern4 ,the steamer is almost lost to the eye in the midst of this crowd of vessels which cling around it1 and the moving mass is seen to proceed up the river1 no apparent agent of propulsion being visible1 for the steamer and its propellers are literally buried in the midst of the cluster which clings to it and floats round and near it4 ,as this water-goods train1 for so it may be called1 ascends the river1 it drops off its load1 vessel by vessel1 at the towns which it passes4 ,one or two are left at ,newburgh1 another at ,poughkeepsie1 two or three more at ,hudson1 one or two at ,fishkill1 and1 finally1 the tug arrives with a residuum of some half-dozen vessels at ,albany4 ,the steam navigation of the ,mississippi and the other western rivers is conducted in a manner entirely different from that of the ,hudson4 ,every one must be familiar with the lamentable accidents which happen from time to time1 and the loss of life from explosion which continually takes place on those rivers4 ,such catastrophes1 instead of diminishing with the improvement of art1 seem rather to have increased4 ,engineers have done literally nothing to check the evil4 ,in a ,mississippi steamboat the cabins and saloons are erected on a flooring six or eight feet above the deck1 upon which and under them the engines are placed1 which are of the coarsest and most inartificial structure4 ,they are invariably worked with high-pressure steam1 and in order to obtain that effect which in the ,hudson steamers is due to a vacuum1 the steam is worked at an extraordinary pressure4 ,we have ourselves actually witnessed boilers of this kind1 on the western rivers1 working under a full pressure of #abjlb4 per square inch above the atmosphere1 and we have been assured that this pressure has been recently considerably increased1 so that it is not unfrequent now to find them working with a bursting pressure of #bjjlb4 per square inch6 ,as might naturally be expected1 the chief theatre of railway enterprise in ,america is the ,atlantic ,states4 ,the ,mississippi and its tributaries have served the purposes of commerce and intercommunication to the comparatively thinly scattered population of the ,western ,states so efficiently that many years will probably elapse1 notwithstanding the extraordinary enterprise of the people1 before any considerable extent of railway communication will be established in this part of the ,states4 ,nevertheless1 the traveller in these distant regions encounters occasionally detached examples of railways even in the valley of the ,mississippi4 ,in the ,state of ,mississippi there are five short lines1 ten or twelve in ,louisiana1 and a limited number scattered over ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,illinois1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,ohio4 ,these1 however1 are generally detached and single lines1 unconnected with the vast network which we shall presently notice4 ,to the traveller in these wild regions the aspect of such artificial agents of transport in the midst of a country1 a great portion of which is still in the state of native forest1 is most remarkable1 and strongly characteristic of the irrepressible spirit of enterprise of its people4 ,travelling in the back woods of ,mississippi1 through native forests1 where till within a few years human foot never trod1 through solitudes1 the silence of which was never broken1 even by the red man1 we have been sometimes filled with wonder to find ourselves transported by an engine constructed at ,newcastle-on-,tyne1 and driven by an artisan from ,liverpool1 at the rate of twenty miles an hour4 ,it is not easy to describe the impression produced by the juxtaposition of these refinements of art and science with the wildness of the country1 where one sees the frightened deer start from its lair at the snorting of the ponderous machine and the appearance of the snakelike train which follows it4 ,the first ,american railway was opened for passengers on the last day of #ahbi4 ,according to the reports collected and given in detail in the work already quoted1 it appears that in #ahdi1 after an interval of just twenty years1 there were in actual operation #f1efe miles of railway in the ,states4 ,the cost of construction and plant of this system of railways appears by the same authority to have been #ec1chf1hhel41 being at the average rate of #h1abil4 per mile4 ,the reports collected in ,dr4 ,lardner's work come up to the middle of #ahdi4 ,we have1 however1 before us documents which supply data to a more recent period1 and have computed from them the following table1 exhibiting the number of miles of railway in actual operation in the ,united ,states1 the capital expended in their construction and plant1 and the length of the lines which are in process of construction1 but not yet completed3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ,railways ,cost of ,projected ,cost per in ,building and and in ,mile4 operation4 ,plant4 progress4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,miles4 ,l ,miles4 ,l ,eastern ,states1 including ,maine1 ,new ,hampshire1 ,vermont1 ,massachusetts1 ,rhode ,island1 and ,connecticut #b1hde #bc1ajj1ihg #efg #h1abc ,atlantic ,states1 including ,new-,york1 the ,jerseys1 ,pennsylvania1 ,delaware1 and ,maryland #c1ejc #bg1ieb1ejj #b1jbj #g1igi ,southern ,states1 including ,virginia1 the ,carolinas1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 and ,alabama #b1ajc #h1bec1acj #a1bhc #c1iai ,western ,states1 including ,mississippi1 ,louisiana1 ,texas1 ,tennessee1 ,kentucky1 ,ohio1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 ,illinois1 ,missouri1 ,iowa1 and ,wisconsin #a1hce #g1cch1bij #e1gfb #c1iii ---------------------------------------- -------- ,totals and averages #aj1bhi #ff1fec1ijg #i1fcb #f1dgh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,it must be admitted that the results here exhibited present a somewhat astonishing spectacle4 ,it appears from this statement that there are in actual operation in the ,united ,states #aj1bhi miles of railway1 and that there are #i1fcb projected and in process of execution4 ,so that when a few years more shall have rolled away1 this extraordinary people will actually have #bj1jjj miles of iron road in operation4 ,it appears from the above report1 compared with the previous report quoted from ,dr4 ,lardner1 that the average cost of construction has been diminished as the operations progressed4 ,according to ,dr4 ,lardner1 the average cost of construction of the #f1ejj miles of railway in operation in #ahdi was #h1abil4 per mile whereas1 it appears from the preceding table that the actual cost of #aj1bhi miles now in operation has been at the average rate of #f1dghl4 per mile4 ,on examining the analysis of the distribution of these railways among the ,states1 it appears that this discordance of the two statements is apparent rather than real1 and proceeds from the fact that the railways opened since ,dr4 ,lardner's report1 being chiefly in the southern and western ,states1 are cheaply constructed lines1 in which the landed proprietors have given to a great extent their gratuitous co-operation1 and in which the plant and working stock is of very small amount1 so that their average cost per mile is a little under #d1jjjl4--the average cost per mile in the eastern and northern ,states corresponding almost to a fraction with ,dr4 ,lardner's estimate4 ,it is also worthy of observation that the distribution of this network of railways is extremely unequal1 not only in quantity1 but in its capability1 as indicated by its expense of construction4 ,thus1 in the populous and wealthy ,states of ,massachusetts1 ,new-,jersey1 and ,new-,york1 the proportion of railways to surface is considerable1 while in the southern and western ,states it is trifling4 ,in the following table is given the number of miles of surface for each mile of railway in some of the principal ,states3-- ,square miles of surface for each mile of railway4 ,massachusetts #g ,new-,jersey #bb ,new-,york #bh ,maryland #ca ,ohio #eh ,georgia #gf ,when it is considered that the railways in this country have cost upon an average about #dj1jjjl4 per mile1 the comparatively low cost of the ,american railways will doubtless appear extraordinary4 ,this circumstance1 however1 is explained partly by the general character of the country1 partly by the mode of constructing the railways1 and partly by the manner of working them4 ,with certain exceptions1 few in number1 the tracts of country over which these lines are carried1 is nearly a dead level4 ,of earthwork there is but little2 of works of art1 such as viaducts and tunnels1 commonly none4 ,where the railways are carried over streams or rivers1 bridges are constructed in a rude but substantial manner of timber supplied from the roadside forest1 at no greater cost than that of hewing it4 ,the station houses1 booking offices1 and other buildings1 are likewise slight and cheaply constructed of timber4 ,on some of the best lines in the more populous ,states the timber bridges are constructed with stone pillars and abutments1 supporting arches of trusswork1 the cost of such bridges varying from #dfs4 per foot1 for #fj feet span1 to #fl4 #ajs4 per foot for #bjj feet span1 for a single line1 the cost on a double line being #ej per cent4 more4 ,when the railways strike the course of rivers such as the ,hudson1 ,delaware1 or ,susquehanna--too wide to be crossed by bridges--the traffic is carried by steam ferries4 ,the management of these ferries is deserving of notice4 ,it is generally so arranged that the time of crossing them corresponds with a meal of the passengers4 ,a platform is constructed level with the line of railway and carried to the water's edge4 ,upon this platform rails are laid by which the wagons which bear the passengers' luggage and other matters of light and rapid transport are rolled directly upon the upper deck of the ferry boat1 the passengers meanwhile going under a covered way to the lower deck4 ,the whole operation is accomplished in five minutes4 ,while the boat is crossing the spacious river the passengers are supplied with their breakfasts1 dinner1 or supper1 as the case may be4 ,on arriving at the opposite bank the upper deck comes in contact with a like platform1 bearing a railway upon which the luggage wagons are rolled2 the passengers ascend1 as they descended1 under a covered way1 and1 resuming their places in the railway carriages1 the train proceeds4 ,but the prudent ,americans have availed themselves of other sources of economy by adopting a mode of construction adapted to the expected traffic4 ,formed to carry a limited commerce the railways are generally single lines1 sidings being provided at convenient situations4 ,collision is impossible1 for the first train that arrives at a siding must enter it and remain there until the following train arrives4 ,this arrangement would be attended with inconvenience with a crowded traffic like that of many lines on the ,english railways1 but even on the principal ,american lines the trains seldom pass in each direction more than twice a day1 and their time and place of meeting is perfectly regulated4 ,in the structure of the roads1 also1 principles have been adopted which have been attended with great economy compared with the ,english lines4 ,the engineers1 for example1 do not impose on themselves the difficult and expensive condition of excluding all curves but those of large radius1 and all gradients exceeding a certain small limit of steepness4 ,curves of #ejj feet radius1 and even less1 are frequent1 and acclivities rising at the rate of #a foot in #ajj are considered a moderate ascent1 while there are not less than #ej lines laid down with gradients varying from #a in #ajj to #a in #ge1 nevertheless these lines are worked with facility by locomotives1 without the expedient1 even1 of assistant or stationary engines4 ,the consequences of this have been to reduce in an immense proportion the cost of earthwork1 bridges1 and viaducts1 even in parts of the country where the character of the surface is least favorable4 ,but the chief source of economy has arisen from the structure of the line itself4 ,in many cases where the traffic is lightest the rails consist of flat bars of iron1 #b-a_/b inches broad and #f-ajths of an inch thick1 nailed and spiked to planks of timber laid longitudinally on the road in parallel lines1 so as to form what are called continuous bearings4 ,some of the most profitable ,american railways1 and those of which the maintenance has proved least expensive1 have been constructed in this manner4 ,the road structure1 however1 varies according to the traffic4 ,rails are sometimes laid weighing only from #belb4 to #cjlb4 per yard4 ,in some cases of great traffic they are supported on transverse sleepers of wood like the ,european railways1 but in consequence of the comparative cheapness of wood and the high price of iron1 the strength necessary for the road is mostly obtained by reducing the distance between the sleepers so as to supersede the necessity of giving greater weight to the rails4 ,the same observance of the principles of economy is maintained with regard to their locomotive stock4 ,the engines are strongly built1 safe and powerful1 but are destitute of much of that elegance of exterior and beauty of workmanship which has excited so much admiration1 in the machines exhibited in the ,crystal ,palace4 ,the fuel is generally wood1 but on certain lines near the coal districts coal is used4 ,the use of coke is nowhere resorted to4 ,its expense would make it inadmissible1 and in a country so thinly inhabited the smoke proceeding from coal is not objected to4 ,the ordinary speed1 stoppages included1 is from #ad to #af miles an hour4 ,independently of other considerations1 the light structure of many of the roads would not allow a greater velocity without danger2 nevertheless we have frequently travelled on some of the better constructed lines at the ordinary speed of the ,english railways1 say #cj miles an hour and upwards4 ,notwithstanding the apparently feeble and unsubstantial structure of many of the lines1 accidents to passenger trains are scarcely ever heard of4 ,it appears by returns now before us that of #i1cee1dgd passengers booked in #ahej on the crowded railways of ,massachusetts1 each passenger making an average trip of #ah miles1 there were only #ae who sustained accidents fatal to life or limb4 ,it follows from this1 by the common principles explained by us in a former article1 that when a passenger travels one mile on these railways the chances against an accident producing personal injury1 even of the slightest kind1 are #aa1bbf1efh to #a1 and of course in a journey of #ajj miles the chances against such accident are #aab1bff to #a4 ,we have shown in a former article that the chances against accident on an ,english railway1 under like circumstances1 are #he1abe to #a4 ,the ,american railways are1 therefore1 safer than the ,english in the ratio of #aab to #he4 ,the great line of communication is established1 #djj miles in length1 between ,philadelphia and ,pittsburg1 on the left bank of the ,ohio1 composed partly of railway and partly of canal4 ,the section from ,philadelphia to ,columbia 7#hb miles7 is railway2 the line is then continued by canal for #agb miles to ,holidaysburg2 it is then carried by railway #cg miles to ,johnstown1 whence it is continued #ajd miles further to ,pittsburg by canal4 ,the traffic on this mixed line of transport is conducted so as to avoid the expense and inconvenience of transhipment of goods and passengers at the successive points where the railway and canals unite4 ,the merchandise is loaded and the passengers accommodated in the boats adapted to the canals at the depot in ,market-street1 ,philadelphia4 ,these boats1 which are of considerable magnitude and length1 are divided into segments by partitions made transversely and at right angles to their length1 so that such boat can be1 as it were1 broken into three or more pieces4 ,these several pieces are placed each on two railway trucks1 which support it at the ends1 a proper body being provided for the trucks adapted to the form of the bottom and keel of the boat4 ,in this manner the boat is carried in pieces1 with its load1 along the railway4 ,on arriving at the canal the pieces are united so as to form a continuous boat1 which being launched1 the transport is continued on the water4 ,on arriving again at the railway the boat is once more resolved into its segments1 which1 as before1 are transferred to the railway trucks and transported to the next canal station by locomotive engines4 ,between the depot in ,market-street and the locomotive station which is situated in the suburbs of ,philadelphia the segments of the boat are drawn by horses on railways conducted through the streets4 ,at the locomotive station the trucks are formed into a continuous train and delivered over to the locomotive engine4 ,as the body of the truck rests upon a pivot1 under which it is supported by wheels1 it is capable of revolving1 and no difficulty is found in turning the shortest curves1 and these enormous vehicles1 with their contents of merchandise and passengers1 are seen daily issuing from the gates of the depot in ,market-street1 and turning with facility the corners at the entrance of each successive street4 ,by a comparison of the returns published by ,dr4 ,lardner1 in his work already quoted1 with the more recent results which we have already given1 it will appear that within the last two years not less than #c1gjj miles of railway have been opened for traffic in the ,united ,states4 ,among these are included several of the most important lines1 among which are more especially to be noticed the great artery of railway communication extending across the ,state of ,new ,york to the shores of ,lake ,erie1 the longest line which any single company has yet constructed in the ,united ,states1 its length being #dfg miles4 ,the total cost of this line1 including the working stock1 has been #d1ejj1jjjl4 sterling1 being at the average rate of #i1fdbl4 per mile--a rate of expense about #ej per cent4 above the average cost of ,american railways taken collectively4 ,this is explained by the fact that the line itself is one constructed for a large traffic between ,new ,york and the interior1 and therefore built to meet a heavy traffic4 ,although it is but just opened1 its average receipts have amounted to #aa1jjjl4 per week1 which have given a net profit of #f-a_/b per cent4 on the capital1 the working expenses being taken at #ej per cent4 of the gross receipts4 ,one of the great lines in a forward state1 and likely to be opened by the close of the present year1 connects ,new ,york with ,albany1 following the valley of the ,hudson4 ,it will no doubt create surprise1 considering the immense facility of water transport afforded by this river1 that a railway should be constructed on its bank1 but it must be remembered that for a considerable interval during the winter the navigation of the ,hudson is suspended from the frost4 ,a great line of railway1 which will intersect the ,states from south to north1 connecting the port of ,mobile on the ,gulf of ,mexico with ,lake ,michigan and the lead mines of ,galena on the ,upper ,mississippi1 is also in progress of construction1 large grants of land being conceded to the company by the ,federal ,government4 ,this line will probably be opened in #ahed4 ,it is difficult to obtain authentic reports from which the movement of the traffic on the ,american railways can be ascertained with precision4 ,dr4 ,lardner1 however1 obtained the necessary statistical data relating to nearly #a1bjj miles of railway in the ,states of ,new ,england and ,new ,york1 from which he was enabled to collect all the circumstances attending the working of these lines1 the principal of which are collected in the following table3-- ,tabular analysis of the average daily movement of the traffic on #bh of the principal railways in the ,states of ,new ,england and ,new ,york4 ,,passenger ,,traffic4--,number booked #bc1iha ,mileage #dcg1cej ,receipts ,l#b1gbc ,mileage of trains #h1jia ,,goods ,,traffic4--,tons booked #f1edg ,mileage #bdh1cea ,receipts ,l#a1hfj ,mileage of trains #d1efj ,total length of the above railways in the ,state of ,new ,york #dij miles ,ditto1 in the ,states of ,new ,england #fgj ----- ,total #a1afj miles4 ,average cost of construction and stock in the ,state of ,new ,york ,l#g1jaj ,ditto1 in the ,states of ,new ,england ,l#aj1hjj ,general average ,l#i1bjj ,receipts ,expenses4 ,profits4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,total average receipts1 expenses1 and profits per day in the ,state of ,l ,l ,l ,new ,york #a1fed #fhd #igj ,ditto1 ,states of ,new ,england #c1jdj #a1eje #a1ece -------------------------------- ,totals #d1fid #b1ahi #b1eje ,per cent4 ,per mile ,per mile per annum of railway run by on per day4 trains4 capital4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,l ,receipts #d1je #gs4 #e;d4 #af1a ,expenses #a1hi #cs4 #e-a_/b;d4 #g1e -------------------------------- ,profits #b1af #bs4#aa-a_/b;d4 #h1f ,expense per cent4 of receipts #df1h ,average receipts for passengers booked #bg1j;d4 ,average distance travelled per passenger #ah1b miles ,average receipts per passenger per mile #a1dg;d4 ,average number of passengers per train #ed1j ,total average receipts per passenger train per mile #gs4 ,average receipts per ton of goods booked #fs4 #h-a_/b;d4 ,average distance carried per ton #ch1j miles ,average receipts per ton per mile #as4 #h;d4 ,average number of tons per train #ed1e ,total average receipts per goods per mile #h1bs4 ,the railways1 of whose traffic we have here given a synopsis1 are those of the most active and profitable description in the ,united ,states4 ,it would1 therefore1 be a great error to infer from the results here exhibited general conclusions as to the financial condition of the ,american railways4 ,it appears1 on the other hand1 from a more complete analysis1 that the dividends on the ,american lines1 exclusive of those contained in the preceding analysis1 are in general small1 and in many instances nothing4 ,it is1 therefore1 probable that in the aggregate the average profits on the total amount of capital invested in the ,american railways does not exceed1 if it indeed equal1 the average profits obtained on the capital invested in ,english railways1 which we have in a former article shown to produce little more than #c per cent4 ,the extraordinary extent of railway constructed at so early a period in the ,united ,states has been by some ascribed to the absence of a sufficient extent of communication by common roads4 ,although this cause has operated to some extent in certain districts it is by no means so general as has been supposed4 ,in the year #ahch the ,united ,states' mails circulated over a length of way amounting on the whole to #acf1bah miles1 of which two-thirds were land transport1 including railways as well as common roads4 ,of the latter there must have been about #hj1jjj miles in operation1 of which1 however1 a considerable portion was bridle-roads4 ,the price of transport in the stage coaches was1 upon an average1 #c4be;d4 per passenger per mile1 the average price by railway being about #a4dg;d4 per mile4 ,of the entire extent of railway constructed in the ,united ,states1 by far the greater portion1 as has been already explained1 consists of single lines1 constructed in a light and cheap manner1 which in ,england would be regarded as merely serving temporary purposes2 while1 on the contrary1 the entire extent of the ,english system consists1 not only of double lines1 but of railways constructed in the most solid1 permanent1 and expensive manner1 adapted to the purposes of an immense traffic4 ,if a comparison were to be instituted at all between the two systems1 its basis ought to be the capital expended1 and the traffic served by them1 in which case the result would be somewhat different from that obtained by the mere consideration of the length of the lines4 ,it is not1 however1 the same in reference to the canals1 in which it must be admitted ,america far exceeds all other countries in proportion to her population4 ,the ,american railways have been generally constructed by joint stock companies1 which1 however1 the ,state controls much more stringently than in ,england4 ,in some cases a major limit to the dividends is imposed by the statute of incorporation1 in some the dividends are allowed to augment1 but when they exceed a certain limit the surplus is divided with the ,state2 in some the privilege granted to the companies is only for a limited period1 in some a sort of periodical revision and restriction of the tariff is reserved to the ,state4 ,nothing can be more simple1 expeditious1 and cheap than the means of obtaining an act for the establishment of a railway company in ,america4 ,a public meeting is held at which the project is discussed and adopted1 a deputation is appointed to apply to the ,legislature1 which grants the act without expense1 delay1 or official difficulty4 ,the principle of competition is not brought into play as in ,france1 nor is there any investigation as to the expediency of the project with reference to future profit or loss as in ,england4 ,no other guarantee or security is required from the company than the payment by the shareholders of a certain amount1 constituting the first call4 ,in some ,states the non-payment of a call is followed by the confiscation of the previous payments1 in others a fine is imposed on the shareholders1 in others the share is sold1 and if the produce be less than the price at which it was delivered the surplus can be recovered from the shareholder by process of law4 ,in all cases the act creating the companies fix a time within which the works must be completed1 under pain of forfeiture4 ,the traffic in shares before the definite constitution of the company is prohibited4 ,although the ,state itself has rarely undertaken the execution of railways1 it holds out in most cases inducements in different forms to the enterprise of companies4 ,in some cases the ,state takes a great number of shares1 which is generally accompanied by a loan made to the company1 consisting in ,state ,stock delivered at par1 which the company negotiate at its own risk4 ,this loan is often converted into a subvention4 ,the great extent of railway communication in ,america in proportion to its population must necessarily excite much admiration4 ,if we take the present population of the ,united ,states at #bd1jjj1jjj1 and the railways in operation at #aj1jjj miles1 it will follow that in round numbers there is one mile of railway for every #b1djj inhabitants4 ,now1 in the ,united ,kingdom there are at present in operation #f1ejj miles of railway1 and if we take the population at #cj1jjj1jjj1 it will appear that there is a mile of railway for every #d1fae inhabitants4 ,it appears1 therefore1 that in proportion to the population the length of railways in the ,united ,states is greater than in the ,united ,kingdom in the ratio of #df to #bd4 ,on the ,american railways passengers are not differently classed or received at different rates of fare as on those of ,europe4 ,there is but one class and one fare4 ,the only distinction observable arises from color4 ,the colored population1 whether emancipated or not1 are generally excluded from the vehicles provided for the whites4 ,such travellers are but few1 and are usually accommodated either in the luggage van or in the carriage with the guard or conductor4 ,but little merchandise is transported1 the cost of transport being greater than goods in general are capable of paying2 nevertheless1 a tariff regulated by weight alone1 without distinction of classes1 is fixed for merchandise4 ,although ,cuba is not yet annexed to the ,united ,states1 its local proximity here suggests some notice of a line of railway which traverses that island1 forming a communication between the city of ,havana and the centre of the island4 ,this is an excellently constructed road1 and capitally worked by ,british engines1 ,british engineers1 and ,british coals4 ,the impressions produced in passing along this line of railway1 though different from those already noticed in the forests of the far west1 is not less remarkable4 ,we are here transported at #cj miles an hour by an engine from ,newcastle1 driven by an engineer from ,manchester1 and propelled by fuel from ,liverpool1 through fields yellow with pineapples1 through groves of plantain and cocoa-nut1 and along roads inclosed by hedge-rows of ripe oranges4 ,to what extent this extraordinary rapidity of advancement made by the ,united ,states in its inland communications is observable in other departments will be seen by the following table1 exhibiting a comparative statement of those data1 derived from official sources1 which indicate the social and commercial condition of a people through a period which forms but a small stage in the life of a nation3 #agic4 #ahea4 ,population #c1ici1cbe #bd1bfg1dhh ,imports ,l#f1gci1acj ,l#ch1gbc1ede ,exports ,l#e1fge1hfi ,l#cb1cfg1jjj ,tonnage #ebj1gjd #c1ece1dea ,lighthouses1 beacons1 and lightships #g #cgc ,cost of their maintenance ,l#b1fjj ,l#aae1jjj ,revenue ,l#a1bcj1jjj ,l#i1eaf1jjj ,national expenditure ,l#a1fcg1jjj ,l#h1eee1jjj ,post offices #bji #ba1eea ,post roads 7miles7 #e1fdb #agh1fgj ,revenue of ,post-office ,l#bb1hjj ,l#a1bjg1jjj ,expenses of ,post-office ,l#ae1fej ,l#a1acj1jjj ,mileage of mails ---- #df1eda1dbc ,canals 7miles7 #j #e1jjj ,railways 7miles7 #j #aj1bhg ,electric telegraph 7miles7 #j #ae1jjj ,public libraries 7volumes7 #ge1jjj #b1bja1fbc ,school libraries 7volumes7 #j #b1jjj1jjj ,if they were not founded on the most incontestable statistical data1 the results assigned to the above table would appear to belong to fable rather than history4 ,in an interval of little more than half a century it appears that this extraordinary people have increased above #ejj per cent4 in numbers2 their national revenue has augmented nearly #gjj per cent41 while their public expenditure has increased little more than #djj per cent4 ,the prodigious extension of their commerce is indicated by an increase of nearly #ejj per cent4 in their imports and exports and #fjj per cent4 in their shipping4 ,the increased activity of their internal communications is expounded by the number of their post offices1 which has been increased more than a hundred-fold1 the extent of their post roads1 which has been increased thirty-six-fold1 and the cost of their post-office1 which has been augmented in a seventy-two-fold ratio4 ,the augmentation of their machinery of public instruction is indicated by the extent of their public libraries1 which have increased in a thirty-two-fold ratio1 and by the creation of school libraries1 amounting to #b1jjj1jjj volumes4 ,they have completed a system of canal navigation1 which1 placed in a continuous line1 would extend from ,london to ,calcutta1 and a system of railways which1 continuously extended1 would stretch from ,london to ,van ,diemen's ,land1 and have provided locomotive machinery by which that distance would be travelled over in three weeks1 at the cost of #a-a_/b;d4 per mile4 ,they have created a system of inland navigation1 the aggregate tonnage of which is probably not inferior in amount to the collective inland tonnage of all the other countries in the world1 and they possess many hundreds of river steamers1 which impart to the roads of water the marvellous celerity of roads of iron4 ,they have1 in fine1 constructed lines of electric telegraph which1 laid continuously1 would extend over a space longer by #c1jjj miles than the distance from the north to the south pole1 and have provided apparatus of transmission by which a message of #cjj words despatched under such circumstances from the north pole might be delivered in writing at the south pole in one minute1 and by which1 consequently1 an answer of equal length might be sent back to the north pole in an equal interval4 ,these are social and commercial phenomena for which it would be vain to seek a parallel in the past history of the human race4 ,,the ,,last ,,earthquake ,,in ,,europe4 ,a correspondent of the ,athenaeum gives the following account--the best we have yet seen--of the recent earthquake at ,amalfi1 in the kingdom of ,naples3-- ,i have1 however1 seen several persons from ,malfi2 and from their narratives will endeavor to give you some idea of this awful visitation4 ,the morning of the #adth of ,august was very sultry1 and a leaden atmosphere prevailed4 ,it was remarked that an unusual silence appeared to extend over the animal world4 ,the hum of insects ceased--the feathered tribes were mute--not a breath of wind moved the arid vegetation4 ,about half-past two o'clock the town of ,malfi rocked for about six seconds1 and nearly every building fell in4 ,the number of edifices actually levelled with the earth is #afc--of those partially destroyed #ih1 and slightly damaged #ahj4 ,five monastic establishments were destroyed1 and seven churches including the cathedral4 ,the awful event occurred at a time when most of the inhabitants of a better condition were at dinner2 and the result is1 that out of the whole population only a few peasants laboring in the fields escaped4 ,more than #gjj dead bodies have already been dug out of the ruins1 and it is supposed that not less than #hjj are yet entombed4 ,a college accommodating #fe boys and their teachers is no longer traceable4 ,but the melancholy event does not end here4 ,the adjoining village of ,ascoli has also suffered3--#cb houses laving fallen in1 and the church being levelled with the ground4 ,more than #bjj persons perished there4 ,another small town1 ,barile1 has actually disappeared2 and a lake has arisen from the bowels of the earth1 the waters being warm and brackish4 ,i proceed to give a few anecdotes1 as narrated by persons who have arrived in ,naples from the scene of horror3--',i was travelling1' says one1 'within a mile of ,malfi when ,i observed three cars drawn by oxen4 ,in a moment the two most distant fell into the earth2 from the third ,i observed a man and a boy descend and run into a vineyard which skirted the road4 ,shortly after1 ,i think about three seconds1 the third car was swallowed up4 ,we stopped our carriage1 and proceeded to the spot where the man and boy stood4 ,the former ,i found stupified--he was both deaf and dumb2 the boy appeared to be out of his mind1 and spoke wildly1 but eventually recovered4 ,the poor man still remains speechless4' ,another informant says3--',malfi1 and all around present a singular and melancholy appearance3 houses levelled or partially fallen in--here and there the ground broken up--large gaps displaying volcanic action--people wandering about stupified--men searching in the ruins--women weeping--children here and there crying for their parents1 and some wretched examples of humanity carrying off articles of furniture4 ,the authorities are nowhere to be found4' ,a third person states3--',i am from ,malfi1 and was near a monastery when the earthquake occurred4 ,a peasant told me that the water in a neighboring well was quite hot1--a few moments after ,i saw the building fall4 ,i fell on the ground1 and saw nothing more4 ,i thought that ,i had had a fit4' ,the town of ,malfi--or1 ,amalfi--is #aej miles from ,naples1 and about the centre of the boot4 ,it is difficult1 therefore1 to gain information4 ,the government1 ,i should add1 sent a company of sappers and miners to assist the afflicted nine days after the earthquake6--and a medical commission is to set off to-morrow4 ,in conclusion1 ,i may observe1 that ,vesuvius has for a long time been singularly quiet4 ,the shock of the earthquake was felt slightly1 though sensibly1 from ,naples round to ,sorrento4 ,i have just heard that the shocks have not ceased in the district of ,malfi2 and it is supposed that volcanic agency is still active4 ,indeed1 my informant anticipates that an eruption will take place2 and probably some extraordinary phenomena may appear in this neighborhood4 ,the volcanic action appears to have taken the direction of ,sicily1 as reports have arrived stating that the shocks were felt in that direction far more strongly than in that of ,naples4 ,i shall send you further particulars as soon as ,i can do so with certainty4 ,,mr4 ,,jefferson ,,on ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,language4 ,the trustees of the ,university of ,virginia have had printed a few copies of ,an ,essay towards facilitating ,instruction in the ,anglo-,saxon and ,modern ,dialects of the ,english ,language3 ,by ,,thomas ,,jefferson4 ,the ,,ms4 has been preserved in the library of their ,university ever since ,mr4 ,jefferson's death4 ,it is a very characteristic production1 and is printed in a thin quarto volume1 prefaced by the following letter from ,mr4 ,jefferson to ,herbert ,croft1 ,,ll4,b41 of ,london3 ,,monticello1 ,oct4 #cjth1 #agih4 ,sir2 ,the copy of your printed letter on the ,english and ,german languages1 which you have been so kind as to send me1 has come to hand2 and ,i pray you to accept of my thanks for this mark of your attention4 ,i have perused it with singular pleasure1 and1 having long been sensible of the importance of a knowledge of the ,northern languages to the understanding of ,english1 ,i see it1 in this letter1 proved and specifically exemplified by your collations of the ,english and ,german4 ,i shall look with impatience for the publication of your ,english and ,german ,dictionary4 ,johnson1 besides the want of precision in his definitions1 and of accurate distinction in passing from one shade of meaning to another of the same word1 is most objectionable in his derivations4 ,from a want probably of intimacy with our own language while in the ,anglo-,saxon form and type1 and of its kindred languages of the ,north1 he has a constant leaning towards ,greek and ,latin for ,english etymon4 ,even ,skinner has a little of this1 who1 when he has given the true ,northern parentage of a word1 often tells you from what ,greek and ,latin source it might be derived by those who have that kind of partiality4 ,he is1 however1 on the whole1 our best etymologist1 unless we ascend a step higher to the ,anglo-,saxon vocabulary2 and he has set the good example of collating the ,english word with its kindred word in the several ,northern dialects1 which often assist in ascertaining its true meaning4 ,your idea is an excellent one1 in producing authorities for the meanings of words1 to select the prominent passages in our best writers1 to make your dictionary a general index to ,english literature1 and thus to intersperse with verdure and flowers the barren deserts of ,philology4 ,and ,i believe with you that wisdom1 morality1 religion1 thus thrown down1 as if without intention1 before the reader1 in quotations1 may often produce more effect than the very passages in the books themselves2--that the cowardly suicide1 in search of a strong word for his dying letter1 might light on a passage which would excite him to blush at his want of fortitude1 and to forego his purpose2--and that a dictionary with examples at the words may1 in regard to every branch of knowledge1 produce more real effect than the whole collection of books which it quotes4 ,i have sometimes myself used ,johnson as a ,repertory1 to find favorite passages which ,i wished to recollect1 but too rarely with success4 ,i was led to set a due value on the study of the ,northern languages1 and especially of our ,anglo-,saxon1 while ,i was a student of the law1 by being obliged to recur to that source for explanation of a multitude of law-terms4 ,a preface to ,fortescue on ,monarchies1 written by ,fortescue ,aland1 and afterwards premised to his volume of ,reports1 developes the advantages to be derived to the ,english student generally1 and particularly the student of law1 from an acquaintance with the ,anglo-,saxon2 and mentions the books to which the learner may have recourse for acquiring the language4 ,i accordingly devoted some time to its study1 but my busy life has not permitted me to indulge in a pursuit to which ,i felt great attraction4 ,while engaged in it1 however1 some ideas occurred for facilitating the study by simplifying its grammar1 by reducing the infinite diversities of its unfixed orthography to single and settled forms1 indicating at the same time the pronunciation of the word by its correspondence with the characters and powers of the ,english alphabet4 ,some of these ideas ,i noted at the time on the blank leaves of my ,elstob's ,anglo-,saxon ,grammar3 but there ,i have left them1 and must leave them1 unpursued1 although ,i still think them sound and useful4 ,among the works which ,i proposed for the ,anglo-,saxon student1 you will find such literal and verbal translations of the ,anglo-,saxon writers recommended1 as you have given us of the ,german in your printed letter4 ,thinking that ,i cannot submit those ideas to a better judge than yourself1 and that if you find them of any value you may put them to some use1 either as hints in your dictionary1 or in some other way1 ,i will copy them as a sequel to this letter1 and commit them without reserve to your better knowledge of the subject4 ,adding my sincere wishes for the speedy publication of your valuable dictionary1 ,i tender you the assurance of my high respect and consideration4 ,,thomas ,,jefferson4 ,of the ,essay itself we have room for only the initial paragraph1 which is as follows3 ,the importance of the ,anglo-,saxon dialect towards a perfect understanding of the ,english language seems not to have been duly estimated by those charged with the education of youth2 and yet it is unquestionably the basis of our present tongue4 ,it was a full-formed language2 its frame and construction1 its declension of nouns and verbs1 and its syntax were peculiar to the ,northern languages1 and fundamentally different from those of the ,south4 ,it was the language of all ,england1 properly so called1 from the ,saxon possession of that country in the sixth century to the time of ,henry ,,iii4 in the thirteenth1 and was spoken pure and unmixed with any other4 ,although the ,romans had been in possession of that country for nearly five centuries from the time of ,julius ,caesar1 yet it was a military possession chiefly1 by their soldiery alone1 and with dispositions intermutually jealous and unamicable4 ,they seemed to have aimed at no lasting settlements there1 and to have had little familiar mixture with the native ,britons4 ,in this state of connection there would probably be little incorporation of the ,roman into the native language1 and on their subsequent evacuation of the island its traces would soon be lost altogether4 ,and had it been otherwise1 these innovations would have been carried with the natives themselves when driven into ,wales by the invasion and entire occupation of the rest of the ,southern portion of the island by the ,anglo-,saxons4 ,the language of these last became that of the country from that time forth1 for nearly seven centuries2 and so little attention was paid among them to the ,latin1 that it was known to a few individuals only as a matter of science1 and without any chance of transfusion into the vulgar language4 ,we may safely repeat the affirmation1 therefore1 that the pure ,anglo-,saxon constitutes at this day the basis of our language4 ,that it was sufficiently copious for the purposes of society in the existing condition of arts and manners1 reason alone would satisfy us from the necessity of the case4 ,its copiousness1 too1 was much favored by the latitude it allowed of combining primitive words so as to produce any modification of idea desired4 ,in this characteristic it was equal to the ,greek1 but it is more specially proved by the actual fact of the books they have left us in the various branches of history1 geography1 religion1 law1 and poetry4 ,and although since the ,norman conquest it has received vast additions and embellishments from the ,latin1 ,greek1 ,french1 and ,italian languages1 yet these are but engraftments on its idiomatic stem2 its original structure and syntax remain the same1 and can be but imperfectly understood by the mere ,latin scholar4 ,hence the necessity of making the ,anglo-,saxon a regular branch of academic education4 ,in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries it was assiduously cultivated by a host of learned men4 ,the names of ,lambard1 ,parker1 ,spelman1 ,wheeloc1 ,wilkins1 ,gibson1 ,hickes1 ,thwaites1 ,somner1 ,benson1 ,mareschal1 ,elstob1 deserve to be ever remembered with gratitude for the ,anglo-,saxon works which they have given us through the press1 the only certain means of preserving and promulgating them4 ,,the ,,obelisks ,,of ,,egypt4 ,in the last number of the ,international we gave an interesting article from the ,london ,times respecting ,cleopatra's ,needle4 ,the subject of its removal has since been largely discussed in ,england1 and ,mr4 ,tucker1 a civil engineer1 has been sent out to ,alexandria to report on the condition and site of the obelisk1 and ,lord ,edward ,russell has been appointed to the ,vengeance to proceed to ,egypt for the purpose of bringing it to ,england4 ,on the publication of these facts ,mr4 ,nathaniel ,gould writes to the ,times as follows3 ,how far a man-of-war is a proper vessel for this purpose may be seen hereafter4 ,the ,premier is1 however1 ready enough to appropriate some little eclat to a member of his own family4 ,i stated that1 so far as ,i could make out1 the bringing the obelisk of ,luxor to ,paris had cost the ,french ,government #dj1jjjl42 but it is stated by ,mr4 ,gliddon1 late ,united ,states ,consul at ,cairo1 that it actually cost ,france #b1jjj1jjj;f41 or #hj1jjjl46 ,private offers have been made to bring the ,needle to ,england for from #g1jjjl4 to #ab1ejjl4 within a twelvemonth2 it remains to be seen what it will cost when brought on ,government account4 ,notwithstanding that so much has of late appeared upon the subject of ,egyptian obelisks1 but little has been given of value to the public touching the nature1 origin1 inscriptions1 numbers1 and localities of these curious and interesting objects4 ,perhaps1 ,sir1 you may not think it out of the way to give room for such information as ,i have got together in my researches1 while contemplating the removal of the obelisk from ,alexandria4 ,obelisks are of ,egyptian invention1 and are purely historical records1 placed in pairs before public buildings1 stating when1 by whom1 and for what purpose the building was erected1 and the divinity or divinities to whom it was dedicated4 ,we read that the ancient ,hebrews set up stones to record signal events1 and such stones are called by ,strabo books of history2 but1 as they were uninscribed1 the ,egyptian monoliths are much more so4 ,the ,celts1 too1 have left similar stones in every country in which they settled1 as our own islands sufficiently prove1 whether in those of the ,channel or of ,ireland and ,scotland4 ,the ,scandinavian nations have in more recent periods left similar records1 some of them inscribed with ,runic characters1 which1 like the hieroglyphics of ,egypt1 are now translated4 ,egyptian obelisks are all of very nearly similar proportions1 however they may differ in height2 the width of the base is usually about one-tenth of the length of the shaft1 up to the finish or pyramidion1 which1 again1 is one-tenth of the length of the shaft4 ,the image of gold set up by king ,nebuchadnezzar agrees with these proportions--viz41 sixty cubits high and six cubits wide4 ,they are generally cut out of granite1 though there are two small ones in the ,british ,museum of basalt1 and one at ,philoe of sandstone4 ,the pyramidions of several appear to be rough and unfinished1 leading some persons to suppose that they were surmounted with a cap of bronze1 or of rays4 ,bonom writes1 that ,abd ,el ,latief saw bronze coverings on those of ,luxor and that of ,materiah in the #acth century2 with such a belief it is not improbable that the obelisk of ,arles1 in ,france1 found and re-erected to the glory of the ,great ,louis1 was surmounted with a gilt sun4 ,the temples of ,egypt may be considered not only as monuments of the intelligence and ancient civilization of mankind1 as vignettes in the great book of history1 but also as possessing a peculiar interest1 as belonging to a people intimately connected with sacred records4 ,as regards the original sites of the obelisks1 none are found on the west bank of the ,nile1 neither are any pyramids found on the eastern bank of ,egypt ,proper2 this caused ,bonomi to think that obelisks were intended as decorations to the temples of the living1 symbolized by the rising sun1 and pyramids decorations of the temples of the dead1 symbolized by its setting4 ,the greater number of obelisks are engraven on the four faces2 some are engraven on one face only1 and some have never been inscribed4 ,some of the faces are engraven in one column1 some in two1 and some in three columns4 ,in some instances the side or lateral columns have been additions in after times1 in different and inferior styles of engraving2 and in some instances the name of the king1 within the oval or cartouche1 has been erased and another substituted4 ,the inscriptions are hieroglyphic or sacred writing1 which have been unintelligible till within the last few years4 ,the ,french occupation of ,egypt commenced that discovery1 which has been perfected by the key of ,young and the alphabet of ,champollion--though mainly perhaps indebted to the ,rosetta ,stone1 found in #agii1 engraven in three characters1 hieroglyphic1 ,demotic and ,greek4 ,the more ancient inscriptions are beautifully cut1 and as fresh as if just from the tool1 and are curiously caved inwardly1 and exquisitely polished4 ,it would take too much of your space and of my time to give a history of the progress of this wonderful discovery1 by which we now know more of the ,egyptian history before the time of ,abraham than of ,england before ,alfred the ,great1 or of ,france before ,charlemagne4 ,some of these monuments are considered to date as far back as #b1jjj years before the ,christian era4 ,it is sufficiently evident1 from the small number that are known to exist1 that they were a most costly production1 requiring a long time for their completion1 and the most elaborate skill of the most perfect sculptors to execute4 ,bonomi1 to whose indefatigable research1 and clear and positive style of writing1 and condensation of his knowledge ,i am indebted1 out of his papers read before the ,royal ,society of ,literature 7of which ,i am a member71 gives us an account of all the known obelisks4 ,the number of ,egyptian obelisks now standing is #cj2 of which there are remaining in ,egypt1 #h2 in ,italy1 #ad2 in ,constantinople1 #b2 in ,france1 #b2 in ,england1 #d4 ,the loftiest is that of the ,lateran1 at ,rome1 which is #aje feet1 though #d feet were cut from its broken base1 to enable it to stand when re-erected4 ,the shortest is the minor ,florentine1 which is #e feet #aj inches4 ,the number of prostrate obelisks known is #ab1 viz43 at ,alexandria1 #a2 in the ruins of ,saan1 or ,tanais1 #i2 at ,carnack1 #b2 all in ,egypt1 and all colossal1 and of the #ahth and #bjth dynasties4 ,thus it seems that1 like the cedars of ,lebanon1 there are more in other parts of the world than in the country of their original location4 ,the #ab obelisks at ,rome were conveyed thither by the ,caesars to adorn the eternal city2 that of the ,lateran was brought by ,constantine from ,heliopolis to ,alexandria1 and from ,alexandria by ,constantius1 and placed in the ,circus ,maximus4 ,it was brought from ,alexandria in an immense galley4 ,when the barbarians sacked ,rome they overthrew all the obelisks1 which were broken in their fall2 this was in three pieces1 and the base so destroyed that when raised by ,fontana in #aehh1 by order of ,sixtus ,v41 above #d feet were cut from its base2 it is now #aje feet #g inches in shaft4 ,it is sculptured on all four sides1 and the same subject on each4 ,there are three columns--the inner the most ancient and best cut4 ,the obelisk of the ,piazza del ,popolo was brought from ,heliopolis by ,augustus1 and1 like the preceding1 was broken in three pieces1 and required above three feet to be cut off its damaged base4 ,this1 too1 was re-erected by order of ,sixtus ,v41 in #aehi4 ,its height1 as now shortened1 is #hg feet #e inches4 ,it is sculptured on all four sides in three columns of different age and excellence4 ,the obelisk of ,piazza ,rotunda was re-erected by ,clement ,,xi41 ,a4 ,d41 #agaa4 ,it is #ai feet #i inches shaft4 ,it has only one column of hieroglyphics1 with the name of ,rameses on each4 ,those of ,materiah and the ,hippodrome at ,constantinople also have but one centre column engraved4 ,so much for some of those at ,rome4 ,of the four in ,england1 two small ones1 of basalt1 are in the ,british ,museum2 they are only #h feet #a inch in height4 ,that at ,alnwick ,castle was found in the ,thebaid1 and presented to ,lord ,prudhoe by the ,pacha in #ahch1 and got to ,england by ,bonomi4 ,it is of red granite1 #g feet #c inches in height1 and #i-c_/d inches at the base4 ,it is inscribed on one face only4 ,that at ,corfe ,castle was brought over for ,mr4 ,bankes by the celebrated ,belzoni4 ,it is of granite1 and #bb feet in height4 ,mr4 ,gould proceeds to repeat the particulars respecting ,cleopatra's ,needle1 which were contained in the ,october number of this magazine4 ,signor ,tisvanni ,d',athanasi also writes to the ,times1 proposing to undertake the removal of this obelisk1 and says3 ,every body knows that from the time of the ,romans up to the present century the only colossal objects which have been transported from ,egypt1 with the exception of the obelisk of ,luxor1 are the two sphynxes which are now at ,st ,petersburgh1 and which were found and sent to ,alexandria through my means4 ,,dr4 ,,latham ,,on ,,the ,,moskito ,,kingdom4 ,the last portion of ,dr4 ,,robert ,g4 ,,latham',s learned work on the ,ethnology of the ,british ,colonies and ,dependencies1 treats of ,american ethnology1 a branch of the subject which1 though extensively investigated1 is greatly in want of systematic arrangement4 ,some of ,dr4 ,latham's views are novel4 ,the following sketch of the ,nicaraguan ,indians is interesting at the present moment for political reasons3-- ,the ,moskito ,indians are no subjects of ,england1 any more than the ,tahitians are of ,france1 or the ,sandwich ,islanders of ,america1 ,france1 and ,england conjointly4 ,the ,moskito coast is a ,protectorate1 and the ,moskito ,indians are the subjects of a native king4 ,the present reigning monarch was educated under ,english auspices at ,jamaica1 and1 upon attaining his majority1 crowned at ,grey ,town4 ,i believe that his name is that of the grandfather of our late gracious majesty4 ,king ,george1 then1 ,king of the ,moskitos1 has a territory extending from the neighborhood of ,truxillo to the lower part of the ,river ,san ,juan2 a territory whereof1 inconveniently for ,great ,britain1 the ,united ,states1 and the commerce of the world at large1 the limits and definition are far from being universally recognized4 ,nicaragua has claims1 and the ,isthmus canal suffers accordingly4 ,the ,king of the ,moskito coast1 and the ,emperor of the ,brazil1 are the only resident sovereigns of the ,new ,world4 ,the subjects of the former are1 really1 the aborigines of the whole line of coast between ,nicaragua and ,honduras--there being no ,indians remaining in the former republic1 and but few in the latter4 ,of these1 too--the ,nicaraguans--we have no definite ethnological information4 ,mr4 ,squier speaks of them as occupants of the islands of the lakes of the interior4 ,colonel ,galindo also mentions them2 but ,i infer1 from his account1 that their original language is lost1 and that ,spanish is their present tongue2 just as it is said to be that of the aborigines of ,st4 ,salvador and ,costa ,rica4 ,this makes it difficult to fix them4 ,and the difficulty is increased when we resort to history1 tradition1 and archaeology4 ,history makes them ,mexicans--,asteks from the kingdom of ,montezuma1 and colonists of the ,peninsula1 just as the ,phoenicians were of ,carthage4 ,archaeology goes the same way4 ,a detailed description of ,mr4 ,squier's discoveries is an accession to ethnology which is anxiously expected4 ,at any rate1 stone ruins and carved decorations have been found2 so that what ,mr4 ,stephenson has written about ,yucatan and ,guatemala1 may be repeated in the case of ,nicaragua4 ,be it so4 ,the difficulty will be but increased1 since whatever facts make ,nicaragua ,mexican1 isolate the ,moskitos4 ,they are now in contact with ,spaniards and ,englishmen--populations whose civilization differs from their own2 and populations who are evidently intrusive and of recent origin4 ,precisely the same would be the case if the ,nicaraguans were made ,mexican4 ,the civilization would be of another sort2 the population which introduced it would be equally intrusive2 and the only difference would be a difference of stage and degree--a little earlier in the way of time1 and a little less contrast in the way of skill and industry4 ,but the evidence in favor of the ,mexican origin of the ,nicaraguans is doubtful2 and so is the fact of their having wholly lost their native tongue2 and until one of these two opinions be proved1 it will be well to suspend our judgment as to the isolation of the ,moskitos4 ,if1 indeed1 either of them be true1 their ethnological position will be a difficult question4 ,with nothing in ,honduras to compare them with--with nothing tangible1 or with an apparently incompatible affinity in ,nicaragua--with only very general miscellaneous affinities in ,guatemala--their ethnological affinities are as peculiar as their political constitution4 ,nevertheless1 isolated as their language is1 it has undoubtedly general affinities with those of ,america at large2 and this is all that it is safe to say at present4 ,but it is safe to say this4 ,we have plenty of data for their tongue1 in a grammar of ,mr4 ,henderson's1 published at ,new-,york1 #ahdf4 ,the chief fact in the history of the ,moskitos is that they were never subject to the ,spaniards4 ,each continent affords a specimen of this isolated freedom--the independence of some exceptional and impracticable tribes1 as compared with the universal empire of some encroaching ,european power4 ,the ,circassians in ,caucasus1 the ,tshuktshi ,koriaks in ,north-,eastern ,asia1 and the ,kaffres in ,africa1 show this4 ,their relations with the buccaneers were1 probably1 of an amicable description4 ,so they were with the negroes--maroon and imported4 ,and this1 perhaps1 has determined their differentiae4 ,they are intertropical ,american aborigines1 who have become partially ,european1 without becoming ,spanish4 ,their physical conformation is that of the ,south rather than the ,north ,american2 and1 here it must be remembered1 that we are passing from one moiety of the new hemisphere to the other4 ,with a skin which is olive-colored rather than red1 they have small limbs and undersized frames2 whilst their habits are1 mutatis mutandis1 those of the intertropical ,african4 ,this means1 that the exuberance of soil1 and the heat of the climate1 make them agriculturists rather than shepherds1 and idlers rather than agriculturists1 since the least possible amount of exertion gives them roots and fruits1 whilst it is only those wants which are compatible with indolence that they care to satisfy4 ,they presume rather than improve upon the warmth of their suns1 and the fertility of the soil4 ,when they get liquor1 they get drunk2 when they work hardest1 they cut mahogany4 ,canoes and harpoons represent the native industry4 ,wulasha is the name of their evil spirit1 and ,liwaia that of a water-dog4 ,i cannot but think that there is much intermixture amongst them4 ,at the same time1 the data for ascertaining the amount are wanting4 ,their greatest intercourse has1 probably1 been with the negro2 their next greatest with the ,englishman4 ,of the population of the interior we know next to nothing4 ,here their neighbors are ,spaniards4 ,they are frontagers to the river ,san ,juan4 ,this gives them their value in politics4 ,they are the only well known extant ,indians between ,guatemala and ,veragua4 ,this gives them their value in ethnology4 ,the populations to which they were most immediately allied have disappeared from history4 ,this isolates them2 so that there is no class to which they can be subordinated4 ,at the same time1 they are quite as like the nearest known tribes as the ,american ethnologist is prepared to expect4 ,what they were in their truly natural state1 when1 unmodified by either ,englishman or ,spaniard1 ,black or ,indian1 they represented the indigenous civilization 7such as it was7 of their coast1 is uncertain4 ,,gold-,,quartz ,,and ,,society4 ,the ,burns ,ranch ,union ,mining ,company in ,california have published a prospectus--we suppose to facilitate the sale of their stock--and the writer indulges in some speculations respecting the influence of the discovery that the chief mineral riches of the new state are in mines1 instead of the sands of rivers1 thus3 ,it appears to be the destiny of ,america to carry on the greatness of the future1 and that ,providence--which shapes the ends of nations as well as of persons1 at a time when it was most needful for the prosecution of her mission1 when war and the expedients of political strategy are out of vogue1 and the people is most powerful of which the individual civilization1 energy1 ambition1 and resources are greatest--that ,providence1 at this crisis1 has opened the veins of the ,continent1 slumbering so many thousand years1 in order that we might derive from them all that remained necessary for investing the ,united ,states with the leadership of the world4 ,the first intelligence of the discovery of gold in ,california fell upon the general mind like news of a great and peculiar revolution4 ,it was at once--even before the statements on the subject assumed a definite or certain form--it was at once felt that a new hour was signally on the dial-plate of history4 ,immediately1 those immense fortunes which were acquired by the ,portuguese and ,spaniards nearly four centuries ago--fortunes which1 in the decline of nations1 have still remained in families as the sign and substance of the only nobility and power which mankind at large acknowledge--those astonishing fortunes which raised the enterprising poor man to the dignity and happiness of the most elevated classes in society1 were recalled1 and made suggestive of like successes to new and more hardy adventurers4 ,the reports came with increased volume2 every ship confirmed the rumors brought by its predecessor1 and new intelligence1 that1 in its turn1 tasked the popular credulity2 and it came soon to be understood that we had found a land literally flowing with gold and silver1 as that promised to the earlier favorites of ,heaven did with milk and honey4 ,as many as were free from controlling engagements1 and had means with which to do so1 started for our ,el ,dorado1 making haste1 in fear that the wealth of the country would quickly be exhausted--not dreaming1 even yet1 that there was any thing to be acquired but flakes and scales and scattered masses of ore1 which would be exhausted by the first hunters who should scour the rivers and turn the surface soil4 ,but at length the geologists began to apprehend1 what experience soon confirmed1 that1 extraordinary as were the amounts of gold found in drifts of gravel1 and deposits that had been left in the beds of streams1 these were merely the signs of far greater riches--merely indexes of the presence of rocks and hills1 and underlayers of plains1 impregnated with gold1 in quantities that the processes of nature could never disclose1 and that would reward only the scientific efforts of miners having all the mechanical appliances which the laborious experiments of other nations had invented4 ,the fact of the existence of veins of gold in vast quartz formations1 and ribs of gold in hills1 was as startling almost as the first news of the presence of the precious metal in the country4 ,this at once changed the prospect1 and from a game of chance1 elevated the pursuit of gold in ,california to a grand industrial purpose1 requiring an energy and sagacity that invest it with the highest dignity1 and to such energy and sagacity promising1 with absolute certainty1 rewards that make it worthy of the greatest ambition4 ,now1 men of character and capital--the class of men whose speculating spirit is held in subjection by the most exact reason--began to turn to the subject their investigations1 and to connect with it their plans4 ,this will account for the fact that has so much astonished the world1 which had supposed our ,pacific colony to be composed of the reckless1 profligate and desperate only--the fact1 that when ,california made her constitution of government1 it shot at once in unquestionable wisdom directly and far in advance of all the states on the ,atlantic1 presenting to mankind the very highest type of a free government that had ever been conceived4 ,the demonstration that ,california was a mine1 like other mines in all but its surpassing richness1 elevated it from a scene of gambling to one for the orderly pursuit of riches1 and by the splendor of its promises1 drew to it the most sagacious and most heroical intelligences of the time4 ,astonishing as are the present and prospective results of the discovery in ,california1 however1 we are not to suppose that there is any possibility of a decline in the value of the precious metals4 ,in absolute material civilization1 the world in the last three-quarters of a century has advanced more than it had in any previous three full centuries2 and the supply of gold1 for currency and the thousand other objects for which it was demanded1 was becoming alarmingly insufficient1 so that the addition of more than thirty per cent4 to the total annual product of the world1 which we are led by the officially-stated results thus far to expect from ,california1 will merely preserve the historical and necessary proportion and standard value4 ,,inedited ,,letter ,,of ,,dr4 ,,franklin4 ,the following characteristic and interesting letter by ,dr4 ,franklin is first printed in the ,international4 ,captain ,falconer1 to whom it is addressed1 took ,dr4 ,franklin to ,france when he was appointed commissioner1 and proceeded thence with his ship to ,london4 ,the letter is directed ,to ,captain ,nathaniel ,falconer1 at the ,pennsylvania ,coffee-house1 ,birchin ,lane1 ,london1 and the autograph is in the collection of ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,childs1 of ,philadelphia3 ,,passy1 ,july #bh1 #aghc4 ,,dear ,,friend3--,i received your favor of the #ahth4 ,captain ,barney brought us the dispatches we so long expected4 ,mr4 ,deane as you observe is lost4 ,dr4 ,bancroft is ,i believe steady to the interest of his country1 and will make an agreeable passenger if you can take him4 ,you desire to know something of the state of affairs here4 ,every thing goes well with respect to this court and the other friendly powers2 what ,england is doing or means to do1 or why the definitive treaty is so long delayed1 ,i know perhaps less than you do2 as1 being in that country1 you may have opportunities of hearing more than ,i can4 ,for myself1 ,i am at present as hearty and well as ,i have been these many years2 and as happy as a man can be where every body strives to make him so4 ,the ,french are an amiable people to live with2 they love me1 and ,i love them4 ,yet ,i do not feel myself at home1 and ,i wish to die in my own country4 ,barney will sail this week with our dispatches4 ,a good voyage to you1 my friend1 and may ,god ever bless you4 ,b4 ,,franklin4 ,,captain ,,falconer4 ,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,sir ,,john ,,franklin4 ,,from ,a ,,forthcoming ,,volume ,,of ,,poems ,,by ,,george ,h4 ,,boker4 ,the ice was here1 the ice was there1 ,the ice was all around4--,,coleridge4 ,o1 whither sail you1 ,sir ,john ,franklin8 ,cried a whaler in ,baffin's ,bay4 ,to know if between the land and the pole ,i may find a broad sea-way4 ,i charge you back1 ,sir ,john ,franklin1 ,as you would live and thrive2 ,for between the land and the frozen pole ,no man may sail alive4 ,but lightly laughed the stout ,sir ,john1 ,and spoke unto his men3-- ,half ,england is wrong1 if he is right2 ,bear off to westward then4 ,o1 whither sail you1 brave ,englishman8 ,cried the little ,esquimaux4 ,between the land and the polar star ,my goodly vessels go4 ,come down1 if you would journey there1 ,the little ,indian said2 ,and change your cloth for fur clothing1 ,your vessel for a sled4 ,but lightly laughed the stout ,sir ,john1 ,and the crew laughed with him too3-- ,a sailor to change from ship to sled1 ,i ween1 were something new6 ,all through the long1 long polar day1 ,the vessels westward sped2 ,and wherever the sail of ,sir ,john was blown1 ,the ice gave way and fled4 ,gave way with many a hollow groan1 ,and with many a surly roar2 ,but it murmured and threatened on every side1 ,and closed where he sailed before4 ,ho6 see ye not1 my merry men1 ,the broad and open sea8 ,bethink ye what the whaler said1 ,think of the little ,indian's sled6 ,the crew laughed out in glee4 ,sir ,john1 ,sir ,john1 'tis bitter cold1 ,the scud drives on the breeze1 ,the ice comes looming from the north1 ,the very sunbeams freeze4 ,bright summer goes1 dark winter comes-- ,we cannot rule the year2 ,but long ere summer's sun goes down1 ,on yonder sea we'll steer4 ,the dripping icebergs dipped and rose1 ,and floundered down the gale2 ,the ships were staid1 the yards were manned1 ,and furled the useless sail4 ,the summer's gone1 the winter's come1 ,we sail not on yonder sea3 ,why sail we not1 ,sir ,john ,franklin8 ,a silent man was he4 ,the summer goes1 the winter comes-- ,we cannot rule the year3 ,i ween1 we cannot rule the ways1 ,sir ,john1 wherein we'd steer4 ,the cruel ice came floating on1 ,and closed beneath the lee1 ,till the thickening waters dashed no more2 ',twas ice around1 behind1 before-- ,my ,god6 there is no sea6 ,what think you of the whaler now8 ,what of the ,esquimaux8 ,a sled were better than a ship1 ,to cruise through ice and snow4 ,down sank the baleful crimson sun1 ,the northern light came out1 ,and glared upon the ice-bound ships1 ,and shook its spears about4 ,the snow came down1 storm breeding storm1 ,and on the decks was laid2 ,till the weary sailor1 sick at heart1 ,sank down beside his spade4 ,sir ,john1 the night is black and long1 ,the hissing wind is bleak1 ,the hard1 green ice is strong as death3-- ,i prithee1 ,captain1 speak6 ,the night is neither bright nor short1 ,the singing breeze is cold1 ,the ice is not so strong as hope-- ,the heart of man is bold6 ,what hope can scale this icy wall1 ,high over the main flag-staff8 ,above the ridges the wolf and bear ,look down with a patient1 settled stare1 ,look down on us and laugh4 ,the summer went1 the winter came-- ,we could not rule the year2 ,but summer will melt the ice again1 ,and open a path to the sunny main1 ,whereon our ships shall steer4 ,the winter went1 the summer went1 ,the winter came around2 ,but the hard1 green ice was strong as death1 ,and the voice of hope sank to a breath1 ,yet caught at every sound4 ,hark6 heard you not the noise of guns8 ,and there1 and there again8 ',tis some uneasy iceberg's roar1 ,as he turns in the frozen main4 ,hurra6 hurra6 the ,esquimaux ,across the ice-fields steal3 ,god give them grace for their charity6 ,ye pray for the silly seal4 ,sir ,john1 where are the ,english fields1 ,and where are the ,english trees1 ,and where are the little ,english flowers ,that open in the breeze8 ,be still1 be still1 my brave sailors6 ,you shall see the fields again1 ,and smell the scent of the opening flowers1 ,the grass1 and the waving grain4 ,oh6 when shall ,i see my orphan child8 ,my ,mary waits for me4 ,oh6 when shall ,i see my old mother ,and pray at her trembling knee8 ,be still1 be still1 my brave sailors6 ,think not such thoughts again4 ,but a tear froze slowly on his cheek2 ,he thought of ,lady ,jane4 ,ah6 bitter1 bitter grows the cold1 ,the ice grows more and more2 ,more settled stare the wolf and bear1 ,more patient than before4 ,oh6 think you1 good ,sir ,john ,franklin1 ,we'll ever see the land8 ',twas cruel to send us here to starve1 ,without a helping hand4 ',twas cruel1 ,sir ,john1 to send us here1 ,so far from help or home1 ,to starve and freeze on this lonely sea3 ,i ween1 the ,lords of the ,admiralty ,had rather send than come4 ,oh6 whether we starve to death alone1 ,or sail to our own country1 ,we have done what man has never done-- ,the open ocean danced in the sun-- ,we passed the ,northern ,sea6 ,,remarkable ,,prophecy4 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,m4 ,,laharpe ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine4 ,,by ,h4 ,j4 ,,beyerle1 ,m4,d4 ,it seems to me as if it had been but yesterday1 and yet it happened in the beginning of the year #aghh4 ,we were at table with one of our colleagues of the ,academy1 a respectable and lively gentleman4 ,the company was numerous1 and selected from all ranks3 nobles1 judges1 professional men1 academicians1 c4 ,we had enjoyed ourselves as is customary at a well-loaded table4 ,at the desert1 the malvasier and ,cape wine exalted the pleasure and increased in a good company that kind of liberty which does not remain within precise limits4 ,people in the world had then arrived at the point where it was allowed to say every thing1 if it was the object to excite laughter4 ,chamfort had read to us some of his blasphemous and unchaste tales1 and the noble ladies heard them without even taking for refuge to the fan4 ,then followed a whole volley of mockery on religion4 ,one mentioned a tirade from the ,pucelle2 the other reminded us of those philosophical stanzas of ,diderot1 wherein he says3 ,with the intestines of the last priest tie up the throat of the last king2 and all clapped approbation4 ,another rises1 holds up the full tumbler1 and cries3 ,yes1 gentlemen1 ,i am just as certain that there is no ,god1 as ,i am certain that ,homer was a fool6 and really1 he was of the one as certain as he was of the other3 we had just spoken of ,homer and of ,god1 and there were guests present1 too1 who had said something good of the one and of the other4 ,the conversation now became more serious4 ,we spoke with astonishment of the revolution ,voltaire had effected1 and we agreed that it is the most distinguished foundation of his fame4 ,he had given the term to his half-century2 he had written in such a manner1 that he is read in the anteroom as well as in the hall4 ,one of the guests told us with great laughter1 that his hairdresser1 as he powdered him1 said1 ,you see1 sir1 though ,i am only a miserable fellow1 ,i yet have not more religion than others4 ,we concluded that the revolution would soon be completed1 and that superstition and fanaticism must absolutely yield to philosophy2 we calculated the probability of the time1 and who of this company may have the happiness to live to see the reign of reason4 ,the older ones were sorry that they could not flatter themselves to see this2 those younger rejoiced with the hope that they shall live to the time1 and we particularly congratulated the ,academy for having introduced the great work1 and that they have been the chief source1 the centre1 the mainspring of freedom of thought4 ,one of the guests had taken no part in this gay conversation1 and had even scattered a few jokes in regard to our beautiful enthusiasm4 ,it was ,m4 ,cazotte1 an agreeable and original gentleman2 but who1 unfortunately1 was prepossessed by the idle imaginations of those who believe in a higher inspiration4 ,he took the word1 and said1 in the most serious manner3 ,sirs1 rejoice2 you all will be witnesses of that great and sublime revolution for which you wish so much4 ,you are aware that ,i make some pretensions to prophecy4 ,i repeat it to you1 you will all see it6 ,for this a man needs no prophetic gifts1 was answered him4 ,this is true1 he replied1 but probably a little more for what ,i have to tell you yet4 ,do you know what will arise from this revolution 7where1 namely1 reason will triumph in opposition to religion78 what her immediate consequence1 her undeniable and acknowledged effects will be8 ,let us see1 said ,condorcet1 with his affected look of simplicity1 a philosopher is not sorry to meet a prophet4 ,you1 ,m4 ,condorcet1 continued ,m4 ,cazotte1 you will be stretched out upon the floor of a dungeon1 there to yield up your ghost4 ,you will die of poison1 which you will swallow to save yourself from the hangman--of the poison which the good luck of the times1 which then will be1 will have compelled you always to have carried with you4 ,this at first excited great astonishment1 but we soon remembered that the good ,cazotte occasionally dreamed waking1 and we all laughed heartily4 ,m4 ,cazotte1 said one of the guests1 the tale you relate to us here is not as merry as your ',devil in ,love' 7a romance which ,cazotte had written74 ,what kind of a devil has given you the dungeon1 the poison1 and the hangman8--what has this in common with philosophy1 and with the reign of ,reason8 ,this is just what ,i told you1 replied ,cazotte4 ,in the name of philosophy1 in the name of humanity1 of liberty1 of reason1 it shall be that you shall take such an end2 and then reason will still reign1 for she will have temples2 yes1 at the same time there will be no temples in all ,france1 but temples of ,reason4 ,truly1 said ,chamfort1 with a scornful smile1 you will not be one of the priests in these temples8 ,this ,i hope1 replied ,cazotte1 but you1 ,m4 de ,chamfort1 who will be one of them--and very worthy you are to be one--you will open your veins with twenty-two incisions of the razor--and yet you will only die a few months afterwards4 ,they look at each other1 and continue to laugh4 ,cazotte continues3 ,you1 ,m4 ,vicq d',azyr1 you will not open your veins yourself2 but afterwards you will get them opened six times in one day1 and during the night you will die4 ,you1 ,m4 ,nicolli1 you will die on the scaffold4 ,you1 ,m4 ,bailly1 on the scaffold6 ,you1 ,m4 ,malesherbes--you1 on the scaffold6 ,god be thanked1 exclaimed ,m4 ,roucher1 it appears ,m4 ,cazotte has it to do only with the ,academy2 he has just started a terrible butchery among them2 ,i--thanks to heaven-- ,cazotte interrupted him3 you8--you1 too1 will die on the scaffold4 ,ha6 this is a bet1 they exclaimed from all sides2 he has sworn to extirpate everything6 ,cazotte4--,no1 it is not ,i that has sworn it4 ,then we must be put under the yokes of the ,turks and ,tartars8--and yet-- ,cazotte4--,nothing less3 ,i have told you already2 you will then be only under the reign of philosophy and reason2 those who shall treat you in this manner1 will all be philosophers1 will always carry on the same kind of conversation which you have peddled out for the last hour1 will repeat all your maxims2 they will1 like you1 cite verses from ,diderot and the ,pucelle4 ,it was whispered into one another's ear3 ,you all see that he has lost his reason--7for he remains very serious while he is talking7--,do you not see that he is joking8--and you know that he mixes something mysterious into all his jokes4 ,yes1 said ,chamfort1 but ,i must confess his mysteries are not agreeable1 they are too scaffoldish6 ,and when shall all this occur8 ,cazotte4--,six years will not expire1 before all ,i told you will be fulfilled4 ,there are many wonders4 ,this time it was ,i 7namely ,laharpe7 who took the word1 and of me you say nothing8 ,with you1 replied ,cazotte1 a wonder will take place1 which will at least be as extraordinary2 you will then be a ,christian6 ,here was a universal exclamation4 ,now ,i am easy1 cried ,chamfort1 if we don't perish until ,laharpe is a ,christian1 we shall be immortal6 ,we1 of the female sex1 then said the ,duchess de ,grammont1 we are lucky that we shall be counted as nothing with the revolutions4 ,when ,i say nothing1 ,i do not mean to say as if we would not mingle ourselves a little into them2 but it is assumed that nobody will1 on that account1 loath at us or at our sex4 ,cazotte4--,your sex will this time not protect you1 and you may ever so much desire not to mingle into anything2 you will be treated just like men1 and no distinction will be made6 ,duchess4--,but what do you tell us here1 ,m4 ,cazotte8 ,you preach to us the end of the world6 ,cazotte4--,that ,i do not know2 but what ,i do know1 is1 that you1 ,madame ,duchess1 will be led to the scaffold1 you1 and many other ladies1 and on the public cart1 with your hands tied on your back6 ,duchess4--,in this case1 ,i hope ,i shall have a black trimmed coach8 ,cazotte4--,no1 madam6 ,nobler ladies than you1 shall1 like you1 be drawn on that same cart1 with the hands tied on the back6 ,duchess4--,nobler ladies8 ,how8 the princesses by birth8 ,cazotte4-,nobler yet6 ,now was observed a visible excitement in the whole company1 and the master of the table took on a dark appearance2 they began to see that the joke had been carried too far4 ,madame de ,grammont1 to scatter the clouds which the last answer had occasioned1 contented herself by saying in a facetious tone3 ,you shall see that he will not even allow me the comfort of a father confessor6 ,cazotte4--,no1 madam6 you will not get one2 neither you nor any one else6 ,the last one executed1 who1 out of mercy1 will have received a father confessor--here he stopped a moment-- ,duchess4--,well1 who will be the fortunate one1 when this fortunate preference will be granted8 ,cazotte4--,it will be the only preference that he shall yet keep2 and this will be the king of ,france6 ,now the host arose from the table1 and all with him4 ,he went to ,cazotte1 and said with an excited voice1 ,my dear ,m4 ,cazotte1 this lamentable jest has lasted long4 ,you carry it too far1 and within a degree where you place the company in which you are1 and yourself1 into danger4 ,cazotte answered not1 and made himself ready to go away1 when madame ,grammont1 who always tried to prevent the matter from being taken seriously1 and exerted herself to restore the gaiety of the company1 went to him1 and said3 ,now1 ,m4 ,prophet6 you have told us all our fortunes1 but you say nothing of your own fate8 ,he was silent and cast down his eyes2 then he said3 ,have you1 madame1 read1 in ,josephus1 the history of the siege of ,jerusalem8 ,duchess4--,certainly6 who has not read it8 but you seem to think that ,i have not6 ,cazotte4--,well1 madame1 during the siege a man went round the city1 upon the walls1 for seven days1 in the face of the besiegers and the besieged1 and cried continually1 with a mournful voice1 ',wo unto ,jerusalem6 ,wo unto ,jerusalem6' but on the seventh day he cried1 ',wo unto me6' and at that moment he was dashed to pieces by an immense stone1 which the machines of the enemy had thrown4 ,after these words1 ,m4 ,cazotte bowed himself1 and went away4 ,in relation to the above extraordinary prediction1 a certain ,m4444 has inserted the following article in the public journals of ,paris3 ,that he well knew this ,m4 ,cazotte1 and has often heard from him the announcement of the great oppression which was to come over ,france1 and this at a time when not the least of it was suspected4 ,the attachment to the monarchy was the reason why1 on the second of ,september1 #agib1 he was brought to the abbey1 and was saved from the hands of the bloodthirsty rabble only through the heroic courage of his daughter1 who mitigated the raging populace4 ,this same rabble which wanted to destroy him1 led him to his house in triumph4 ,all his friends came to congratulate him1 that he had escaped death4 ,a certain ,m4 ,d444 who visited him after the terrible days1 said to him3 ,now1 you are saved6--,i believe it not1 answered ,cazotte2 in three days ,i shall be guillotined6--,how can this be8 replied ,m4 ,d444 ,cazotte continued3 ,yes1 my friend1 in three days ,i will die on the scaffold6 ,as he said this he was very much affected1 and added3 ,shortly before your arrival1 ,i saw a gend'armes enter1 who fetched me by order of ,petion2 ,i was under the necessity of following him3 ,i appeared before the mayor of ,paris1 who ordered me to the ,conciergerie1 and thence ,i came before the revolutionary tribunal4 ,you see1 therefore 7by this vision1 namely1 which ,cazotte had seen71 my friend1 that my hour has arrived2 and ,i am so much convinced of this1 that ,i am arranging my papers4 ,here are papers for which ,i care very much1 which you will deliver to my wife2 ,i entreat you to give them to her1 and to comfort her4 ,m4 ,d444 declared this all folly1 and left him with the conviction1 that his reason had suffered by the sight of the scenes of terror from which he had escaped4 ,the next day he came again2 but he learned that a gensd'arme had taken ,m4 ,cazotte to the ,municipality4 ,m4 ,d444 went to ,petion2 arrived at the mayoralty1 he heard that his friend had just been taken to prison2 he hurried thither2 but he was informed that he could not speak to him1 he would be tried before the revolutionary tribunal4 ,soon after this1 he heard that his friend had been condemned and executed4 ,,greenwood4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4 ,,by ,,maunsell ,b4 ,,field4 ,i would that ,i were dreaming1 ,where lovely flowers are gleaming1 ,and the tall green grass is streaming ,o'er the gone--for ever gone4 ,,motherwell4 ,the evening glories of a summer sky ,brimming the heart with yearnings to be blest2 ,the wood-bird's wailing as he soars on high ,winging his weary way to distant nest2 ,the murmuring billows as they kiss the strand1 ,bearing dim memories of stranger land2 ,the sad mysterious voices of the night1 ,bathing the soul in reverie and love2 ,the low wind1 whispering of its former might ,to the tall trees that sigh the hills above1 ,like angel-tones that roll from sphere to sphere ,and dimly echo to the faithful ear2 ,the flitting shadows glancing o'er the sail ,of some proud ship that's dreaming on the sea2 ,the lighthouse fires that fitful glow and pale2 ,the far-off strains of martial minstrelsy2 ,wechawken's hoary head o'er hill and dell1 ,gloomy and proud1 a giant sentinel2 ,such the soft charms1 thou ,paradise of ,death6 ,my languid spirit hath erewhile confest1 ,when wearied with the city's tainted breath1 ,fever'd and faint ,i've sought thy shades of rest1 ,where all combines in heaven1 and earth1 and sea1 ,to image life1 death1 immortality6-- ,here where the dusky savage twanged his bow ,in the old time at startled doe or fawn1 ,raised the shrill war-whoop at the approach of foe1 ,his wild eye flashing with revenge and scorn2 ,here where the ,indian maiden told her love ,to the soft sighing spirits of the grove4 ,here1 where the bloody fiend of frantic war ,flapped its red wings o'er hill-top and o'er plain-- ,where the sharp musket ring1 and cannon roar1 ,crashed o'er the valley1 thundered o'er the main1 ,no sound is heard1 save the sweet symphony ,of ,nature's all-pervading harmony4 ,here the pale willow1 drooping o'er the wave1 ,dips its long tresses in the silvery flood2 ,here the blue violet1 blooming o'er the grave1 ,distils its fragrance to the enamored wood1 ,while the complaining turtle's mournful woe ,steals on the ear in murmurs soft and low4 ,here its cold shaft the polished marble rears2 ,here1 eloquent of grief1 the sculptured urn ,bares its white bosom to the dewy tears1 ,dropt pure from heaven1 far purer to return6 ,here the grim granite's sempeternal pile ,in monumental grandeur stands the while4 ,where the still stars with gentlest radiance shine ,on forest green and flower-enamelled vale1 ,two simple columns circled by one vine1 ,tell to the traveller's eye the tender tale ,of constancy in life and death--and love1 ,not e'en the horrors of the tomb could move4 ,here strained1 and struggling with the unequal might ,of sea and tempest1 the poor foundering bark1 ,and the snapp'd cable1 chiselled on yon height1 ,where calmly sleeps the wave-tossed pilot mark2 ,hope1 with her anchor1 pointing to the sky1 ,triumphant hails the spirit flight on high6 ,hark6 how the solemn spirit dirge ascends ,in floating cadence on the evening air1 ,where with clasped hands the weeping angel bends ,in human grief o'er her that's buried there2 ,the gentle maid1 in festive garments hurled ,from life's gay glitter to the gloomy world6 ,thy childish laughter lingers on mine ear1 ,thy fairy form still floats before mine eye2 ,still is the music of thy footsteps near1 ,visioned to sense by tenderest memory2 ,thy soul too pure for purest mortal love1 ,enraptured seraphs snatched to realms above6 ,here where the sparkling fountain flings its spray ,in sportive freedom1 frolicksome and wild1 ,mocking the wood-nymphs with its gladsome lay1 ,serenely sleeps the dark-eyed forest child-- ,her kinsman's glory and her nation's pride6 ,a chieftain's daughter and a warrior's bride6 ,oft shall the pale face1 pensive o'er thy mound1 ,weep for the white man's shame1 the red man's wrong2 ,oft from spring warblers1 o'er this hallowed ground1 ,shall gush the tenderest melody of song1 ,for the poor pilgrim to that distant shore1 ,her fathers loved1 their sons shall see no more6 ,pause1 weary wanderer1 pause6 ,in yon lone glade ,where silence reigns in deep funereal gloom1 ,where the pale moonbeams struggle through the shade1 ,open the portals of ,the ,stranger's ,tomb6 ,no holier symbol taught since time began ,the sacred sympathy of man for man6 ,dear ,greenwood6 when the solemn heights ,i tread1 ,and catch the gray old ocean's sullen roar1 ,chanting the dirge of the mighty dead1 ,over whose graves the oblivious billows pour1 ,a tearful prayer is gushing from my breast1 ,here in thy peaceful bosom may ,i rest6-- ,rest till the signal calls the ransomed throng ,with shouts their ,saviour and their ,god to greet2 ,rest till the harp1 the trumpet1 and the song ,summon the dead1 ,death's conqueror to meet2 ,and love1 imperfect1 man's best gift below1 ,in heaven eternal rapture shall bestow6 ,,an ,,august ,,reverie4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine ,,by ,a4 ,,oakley ,,hall4 ,i have laid the tiniest ghost of my professional duties4 ,i shook off city dust twenty hours ago1 and my lungs are rejoicing this ,august morning with the glorious breezes that sweep from the summits of the ,trimountains of ,waywayanda lake--that stretches its ten miles expanse before my freshened vision4 ,waywayanda lake8 ,a ,quere4 ,shall ,i play geographer to those who are learned in the nomenclature of snobbism8 ,who allow innkeepers and railroad guides to assassinate ,aboriginal terms in order that petty pride may exult in petty fame8 ,no6 ,but if snobbism has a curiosity1 ,i refer it to the first landscape painter of its vicinage3 or the nearest fisherman amateur3 or the ,recorder of ,new-,york3 or sportsman ,herbert and the pages of his ,warwick ,woodlands2 a list of references worthy of the spot4 ,and as ,i gaze and breathe ,i feel as if the waters before me had bubbled from the fountains of rejuvenescence for which ,ponce de ,leon so enthusiastically searched in the everglades of ,florida2 and as if1 too1 ,i had just emerged from their embraces4 ,my pocket almanac says that ,i am living in the dogdays4 ,perhaps so4 ,but ,sirius hath no power around these mountains and primeval solitudes4 ,were the fiercest theological controversialist at my elbow1 he would be as cool as an ,esquimaux4 ,i feel at peace with all things4 ,my friend ,m4 says the conscience lieth in the stomach4 ,perhaps so2 and perhaps ,i owe my quietude of spirit to the influence of as comforting a breakfast as ever blessed the palate of a scientific egg-breaker4 ,shall ,i join forces with the laughing beauties who are handling maces in the billiard room of the inn hard by8 ,shall ,i challenge my ,lady ,gay ,spanker of last night's acquaintance to a game of bowling8 ,shall ,i tempt the unsophisticated pickerel of the lake under the shadow of yonder frowning precipice1 with glittering bait8 ,shall ,i clamber the mountain side and feast my vision with an almost boundless view--rich expanses of farm land stretching away for miles and miles1 and edging themselves in the blue haze of the horizon where the distant ,catskill peaks rise solitary in their sublimity8 ,it is very comfortable here4 ,is there always poetry in motion8 ,how far distant are the confines of dreamland3 that magical kingdom where the tired soul satiates itself in the intoxications of fancy8 ,i had just carefully deposited upon a velvety tuft of grass ,ik ,marvel's ,reveries of a ,bachelor4 ,i had arrived at the conclusion that its pages should be part and parcel of the landscape about4 ,surely there is a unison between them both4 ,there are always certain places where only certain melodies can be sung to the proper harmony of the heart-strings4 ,who ever learned ,thanatopsis on the summit of the ,catskills1 and afterwards forgot a line of it8 ,now ,i have seen these same ,reveries of the said bachelor upon many a centre-table3 in the lap of many a town beauty1 half cushioned in the velvet of a drawing room sofa3 but the latter half of the volume never looked so inviting as it does here just in the middle of one of nature's lexicons4 ,may the page of it never be blurred4 ,reveries of a ,bachelor6 ',tis a sugared pill of a title4 ,its morals are sad will o' wisps4 ,and if the definition that happiness consists in the search after it be true1 it is so when the definition settles itself on the mind of a bachelor4 ,hath he reveries half so sweet for morsels under the tongues of memory and fancy as those which come nigh to the brain of the married man8 ,as sure as the lesser is always included in the greater3 as certain as the maxim de minimis lex non curat3 the reveries of the first are but bound up in the reveries of the last2 one is a pleasing romance1 the other its enchanting sequel4 ,what is that yonder8 ,there is a merry-faced form in the distant haze1 shaking a dreamy negative with his head4 ,a head whose reality is miles and miles away1 airing its brow of single blessedness in foreign travel4 ,let us argue the point3 he smiles as if willing4 ,man socially is at least a three volumed work3 however much longer the ,james-like pen of destiny may extend him4 ,volume first--bachelor4 ,volume second--husband4 ,volume third--father4 ,there may be a dozen more--there should be none less4 ,you have been a bachelor3 you are a husband and a father4 ,you always had1 perhaps1 a bump of self-esteem attractive to the digits of ,fowler4 ,you never believed half so well of yourself as when one morning at your business you were first asked concerning the well being of your family4 ,at the moment1 you were in a fog1 like the young attorney upon the first question of his first examination3 next1 memory rallied and your face brightened2 your stature increased as you replied4 ,you felt you were going up in the social numeration table of life4 ,two years ago you were a unit3 you next counted your importance by tens over the parson's shoulder2 when your child was born you felt that the leap to hundreds in the scale was far from enough and should have been higher4 ,before the publication of your third volume--the father--you had been measurably blind4 ,your mental sight was afflicted with amaurosis4 ,like the philosopher of old you are now tempted to grasp every one by the hand and cry ,eureka4 ,how indignantly you take down ,malthus from your upper library shelf and bury him on the lowest among the books of possible reference4 ,your political views upon education are cured of their jaundice4 ,you pray of ,sundays in the service for the widow and the orphan with a double unction4 ,you walk the streets with a new mantle of comfort4 ,the little beggar child whose importunities of the last wet day at the street crossings excited your petulance1 upon the next wet day invites your sympathies4 ,you stop and talk to her1 nor perceive until you have ascertained where her hard-hearted parents live1 and that she is uncommonly bright for the child of poverty and wretchedness1 and that you have a half dollar unappropriated--nor perceive until these are found out1 ,i say1 that your umbrella has been dripping upon the skirts of your favorite coat1 and that you have stood with one foot in a puddle4 ,how this would have annoyed you years ago4 ,but now--8 ,how unconcernedly of the curious looks from pedestrians around do you stop the careless nurse in ,broadway1 who has allowed her infant charge to fall asleep in a painful attitude1 and lay it tenderly and comfortably in position4 ,you recall to mind with much remorse the execrations of five years ago1 when the moanings of a dying babe in the next apartment to your own at the hotel disturbed your rest2 and you wonder whether the mother still thinks of the little grave and the white slab which a sympathetic fancy now brings up before you4 ,you are at your business3 the lamps are lighting3 in the suggestions of profit by an hour or longer at the desk you recognize an unholy temptation4 ,now1 as often before1 through all the turmoils of business memory suggests the lines of ,willis3 ,i sadden when thou smilest to my smile1 ,child of my love6 ,i tremble to believe ,that o'er the mirror of thine eye of blue ,the shadow of my soul must always pass-- ,that soul which from its conflicts with the world ,comes ever to thy guarded cradle home1 ,and careless of the staining dust it brings1 ,asks for its idol6 ,and you dwell on them4 ,you bless the author first1 and truly think how cruelly unjust are they who can call into torturing question the loyalty as husband and father of him whose soul could plan and whose pen could write such holy lines4 ,and then you think deeper of the sentiments4 ,and then the profit-tempter hides himself in the farthest corner of the money-drawer2 and you begin to think your clerk a very clever manager3 and wonder if his remaining will not do as well--poor fellow1 he's only a bachelor4 ,and then you decide that he will1 and so yourself1 careless of the staining dust your coming brings1 fly to the guarded cradle home4 ,you have been in ,italy4 ,or you have studied the pictures in the ,louvre4 ,but the hours which you passed before the canvas whereon was embodied ,madonna and child never seemed so agreeable in their realization as they now appear in the glass of memory1 as you see the child of your love in the arms of your life companion whose eyes1 always bright to yours1 and brighter still at your coming after absence1 grow brightest when they are lifted from the slumbering innocence beneath them4 ,men call you rough in your bearing1 perhaps4 ,what would they say to see how gently your arms receive the sleeping burthen and transfer it softly to its snowy couch8 ,your step abroad is heavy and impetuous3 how noiselessly it falls upon the floor--now6 ,and how the modulated voice accords with every present thought6 ,you cannot give the child a sweeter sleep by watching over him so intently3 and yet you choose to stay4 ,moments are not so precious to you that at this one household shrine they will become valueless in some most chastened heart-worship6 ,your infant does not when awake understand the language which your affection addresses3 and yet you look with rapture to the future1 when the now inquiring eye will become one of understanding2 when the cautiously put forth arms will clasp in loving confidence2 when the fond endearing name now half intelligibly and doubtingly lisped forth will be uttered in the boldness of love4 ,the shadowy form in the distant cloud over the lake has been listening intently4 ,it listens still2 and the face of it bends towards me as if to say1 there's a hidden truth and mysterious sympathy in all you say2 and yet the language soundeth strangely in these bachelor ears-- ,bachelor ears6 ,listless and deaf1 as yet1 to all the sweeter human music of our nature4 ,deafer yet to the clarion call of emulation in the race of life and struggles for power1 rank1 and fame4 ,deafest of all to that which spurreth on man to be a king of kings among the great men of his race4 ,you are a father1 then1 ,i say2 and working in your mental toil by night and day1 in the severest and darkest frowning of all professions4 ,but in the crowded senate-room1 and in the close committee-chamber2 and in the court-room among the multitudes of faces all about1 7some of these anticipating in their changing features defeat and disgrace17 there is a something which overrides all agitation3 clears the heavy brain1 and oils the tongue with every pungency of rhetoric4 ,what is that something8 ,were ,i home and in my library the downturned leaf of the duodecimo biography in the left corner of the first shelf would tell it you at a glance4 ,the biography of ,lord ,erskine2 marked at the page which speaks of his dauntless legal debut in the ,sandwich case1 when not the necessity of speaking in a crowded court-room from the obscure back benches3 when not the sarcastic eyes of a hundred 7etiquette-ly termed7 brethren2 when not the awful presence of ,lord ,mansfield nor his rebuking interruption at a critical sentence frightened the self-possession of the enthusiastic advocate1 or stopped the current of his eloquent invective4 ,the biography1 which goes on to tell how1 when the speech was ended1 all the attorneys in the room flocked around the debutant with retainers--needed1 more than all the smiles and congratulations to be drawn from earnest heart-wells3 and how the advocate replied--7when some one1 timid of the judge1 asked how the barrister had the courage to stand the rebuking interruption1 and never to quail with embarrassment before it7--,i felt my little children tugging at my gown and crying1 now is the time1 father1 to get us bread4 ,how eloquent6 ,how worthy of a father's heart6 ,and in the reference1 the dullest mind cannot fail to read the something which1 to every father in a like position1 nerves the will1 disarms all agitation1 clears the heavy brain1 and oils the tongue with every pungency of rhetoric4 --,the shadowy form turns closer towards me as my reverie yet chains me to the lake side1 where the mountain breezes still are freshening all the ,august air4-- ,you have a purpose now in life1 which1 like the messenger of the king1 that every morning knocked at his bedroom door to say1 ,oh king1 remember all this day that you are mortal1 hourly brings to mind the bright reward of every toil and every aspiration4 ,besides a physical frame there is a mental constitution hinging on your own4 ,there's a long life far beyond your own brief years of breath to provide for4 ,your name is to be perpetuated4 ,in the very evening of your life there is to be a star that is now in its morning of existence1 which will cheer and enliven4 ,you feel all this as in some sad hour of the sickly night2 you pace your room with the little sufferer wrestling with disease1 and you feel that in the future will be found ample rewards for all your present bitter draughts of anxiety4 ,wrestling with disease6 ,the thought is ugly to the mental sight4 ,i pause to brush its cobweb from my ,august ,reverie as an idle vaporish thing4 ,but the shadowy form1 in the edge of the distant cloud1 over the far off waters of the lake1 hisses the words back into my brain4 ,and then it comes nearer4 ,and then the atmosphere grows more dreamy and hazy about4 ,and ,i half feel the mountain breezes1 and half miss them from off my temples4 ,and next ,i feel my thoughts less concentrate1 as the shadowy form ,i know so well seems to be looking under my half-closed lids1 and dwelling on the words ,i brushed like cob-webs--wrestling with disease4 ,and ,i think of the still chamber1 with the blue edge of the bracket1 as it is rimmed with the faintest glimmer of the turned-down gas4 ,and ,i see the half-closed shutters4 ,and the tumbler with its significant spoon on the mantel4 ,and the pale watcher by the ghostly curtains of the bed4 ,and ,i am bending silently and almost pulseless over the sleeping boy1 upon whose face each minute the fever-flushes play like summer lightning under a satin cloud4 ,and days go by4 ,there is a strange hush in the household1 with a horridly sensitive jarring from the vehicles in the street1 which never1 never were before so noisy1 neither have the thronging passengers from the pavements ever gossipped so discordantly1 as they go under the windows of the silent house4 ,there's a strange echo of infantile prattle by the niches on the landings of the stairs1 and from the couches1 and behind the curtains2 but the substantive music1 whence the conjured-up echo came1 is nowhere found4 ,then the echo itself becomes but an illusion4 ,and ,memory is strangely and impassionately chid for its creation4 ,i pass into a little room scarcely wide enough to wheel a sofa within4 ,it seems as boundless in its desolation as an untenanted temple-ruin4 ,there are mournful spirits in the little atmosphere which sting me to the heart--not to be torn away4 ,the little cotton-dog1 and morocco-ball1 and jingling-bells1 and coral-toys1 so strangely scattered all about1 are prodigious ruins to the sight4 ,there's a gleeful laugh1 a cunning smile1 an artless waving of the hands1 which should be here as tenants of the room4 ,all gone6 all gone into that hushed and silent chamber where yet the patient-watcher is by the snowy curtains2 and the sickly blue still edges the rim of the bracket light1 and the fever-flushes still play about the wasted cheek4 ,how long to last8 ,what next to come8 ,and the shadowy form no longer can peep under the all-closed eyelids1 but enters its whisperings through the delicate passages of the ear into the brain1 which tortures in a maze of bitter conjecture and horrid contemplation4 ,and my reverie becomes a painful nightmare dream4 99 99 99 99 99 ,but the mountain-breezes1 and the uprising-to-meridian sun1 are merciful4 ,the shadowy form my reverie hinged itself upon is blown away4 ,the open eyes once more glance upon the glassy waters of the lake close by the shore1 and onward to the dancing ripples far away4 ,and a merry prattling voice1 from out of loving arms1 is coming nearer and nearer over the velvety lawn--a voice so full of spirit1 and life1 and health1 and sparkling innocence of care1 that in a moment the frightful nightmare-dream is quite forgotten4 ,more-- ,my reverie turns itself into a lesson of bright reality2 a present study of budding mind2 a jealous watch of care encroaching upon innocence2 a kindly outpouring of the father's manly heart upon the shrine of his idol4 ,could such a reverie better end8 ,,heroines ,,of ,,history--,,laura4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine ,,by ,,mary ,e4 ,,hewitt4 ,laura1 rendered immortal by the love and lyre of ,petrarch1 was the daughter of ,audibert de ,noves1 who was of the haute noblesse of ,avignon4 ,he died in the infancy of ,laura1 leaving her a dowry of one thousand gold crowns1 7about fifty thousand dollars17 a magnificent portion for those times4 ,she was married at the age of eighteen to ,hugh de ,sade1 a young noble only a few years older than his bride1 but not distinguished by any advantages either of person or mind4 ,the marriage contract is dated in ,january1 #acbe1 two years before her first meeting with ,petrarch2 and in it her mother1 the ,lady ,ermessende1 and her brother1 ,john de ,noves1 stipulate to pay the dower left by her father2 and also to bestow on the bride two magnificent dresses for state occasions2 one of green1 embroidered with violets2 the other of crimson1 trimmed with feathers4 ,in all the portraits of ,laura now extant1 she is represented in one of these two dresses1 and they are frequently alluded to by ,petrarch4 ,he tells us expressly that when he first met her at matins in the church of ,saint ,claire1 she was habited in a robe of green spotted with violets4 ,mention is also made of a coronal of silver with which she wreathed her hair2 of her necklaces and ornaments of pearls4 ,diamonds are not once alluded to because the art of cutting them had not then been invented4 ,from all which it appears that ,laura was opulent1 and moved in the first class of society4 ,it was customary for women of rank in those times to dress with extreme simplicity on ordinary occasions1 but with the most gorgeous splendor when they appeared in public4 ,there are some beautiful descriptions of ,laura surrounded by her young female companions1 divested of all her splendid apparel1 in a simple white robe and a few flowers in her hair1 but still preeminent over all by her superior loveliness4 ,she was in person a fair1 ,madonna-like beauty1 with soft dark eyes1 and a profusion of pale golden hair parted on her brow1 and falling in rich curls over her neck4 ,the general character of her beauty must have been pensive1 soft1 unobtrusive1 and even somewhat languid4 ,this softness and repose must nave been far removed from insipidity1 for ,petrarch dwells on the rare and varying expression of her loveliness1 the lightning of her smile1 and the tender magic of her voice1 which was felt in the inmost heart4 ,he dwells on the celestial grace of her figure and movements1 and describes the beauty of her hand and the loveliness of her mouth4 ,she had a habit of veiling her eyes with her hand1 and her looks were generally bent on the earth4 ,in a portrait of ,laura1 in the ,laurentinian library at ,florence1 the eyes have this characteristic downcast look4 ,laura was distinguished1 then1 by her rank and fortune1 but more by her loveliness1 her sweetness1 and the untainted purity of her life and manners in the midst of a society noted for its licentiousness4 ,now she is known as the subject of ,petrarch's verses1 as the woman who inspired an immortal passion1 and1 kindling into living fire the dormant sensibility of the poet1 gave origin to the most beautiful and refined1 the most passionate1 and yet the most delicate amatory poetry that exists in the world4 ,petrarch was twenty-three years of age when he first felt the power of a violent and inextinguishable passion4 ,at six in the morning on the sixth of ,april1 ,a4 ,d4 #acbg1 7he often fondly records the exact year1 day and hour17 on the occasion of the festival of ,easter1 he visited the church of ,saint ,claire at ,avignon1 and beheld1 for the first time1 ,laura de ,sade4 ,she was just twenty years of age1 and in the bloom of beauty--a beauty so touching and heavenly1 so irradiated by purity and smiling innocence1 and so adorned by gentleness and modesty1 that the first sight stamped the image in the poet's heart1 never thereafter to be erased4 ,petrarch beheld the loveliness and sweetness of the young beauty1 and was transfixed4 ,he sought acquaintance with her1 and while the manners of the times prevented his entering her house1 he enjoyed many opportunities of meeting her in society1 and of conversing with her4 ,he would have declared his love1 but her reserve enforced silence4 ,she opened my breast and took my heart into her hand1 saying 'speak no word of this1' he writes4 ,yet the reverence inspired by her modesty and dignity was not always sufficient to restrain her lover4 ,being alone with her on one occasion1 and she appearing more gracious than usual1 ,petrarch tremblingly and fearfully confessed his passion2 but she1 with altered looks1 replied1 ,i am not the person you take me for6 ,her displeasure froze the very heart of the poet1 so that he fled from her presence in grief and dismay4 ,no attentions on his part could make any impression on her steady and virtuous mind4 ,while love and youth drove him on1 she remained impregnable and firm2 and when she found that he still rushed wildly forward1 she preferred forsaking to following him to the precipice down which he would have hurried her4 ,meanwhile1 as he gazed on her angelic countenance1 and saw purity painted on it1 his love grew spotless as herself4 ,love transforms the true lover into a resemblance of the object of his passion4 ,in a town1 which was the asylum of vice1 calumny never breathed a taint upon ,laura's name3 her actions1 her words1 the very expression of her countenance1 and her slightest gestures were replete with a modest reserve combined with sweetness1 and won the applause of all4 ,francesco ,petrarch was of ,florentine extraction1 and the son of a notary1 who1 being held in great esteem by his fellow-citizens1 had filled several public offices4 ,when the ,ghibelines were banished ,florence1 in #acjb1 ,petraccolo was included in the number of exiles2 his property was confiscated1 and he retired with his wife1 ,eletta ,canigiani1 whom he had lately married1 to the town of ,arrezzo1 in ,tuscany4 ,and here on the night of the #bjth of ,july1 #acjd1 ,petrarch first saw the light4 ,when the child was seven months old his mother was permitted to return from banishment1 and she established herself at a country house belonging to her husband near ,ancisa1 a small town fifteen miles from ,florence4 ,the infant who1 at his birth1 it was supposed would not survive1 was exposed to imminent peril during this journey4 ,in fording a rapid stream1 the man who had charge of him carried him1 wrapped in swaddling clothes1 at the end of a stick2 he fell from his horse1 and the babe slipped from the fastenings into the water2 but he was saved1 for how could ,petrarch die until he had seen his ,laura8 ,the youth of ,petrarch was obscure in point of fortune1 but it was attended by all the happiness that springs from family concord1 and the excellent character of his parents4 ,at the age of fifteen he was sent to study in the university of ,montpellier1 then frequented by a vast concourse of students4 ,his father intended his son to pursue the study of the law1 as the profession best suited to ensure his reputation and fortune2 but to this pursuit ,francesco was invincibly repugnant4 ,he was soon after sent to ,bologna1 where1 as at ,montpellier1 he continued to display great taste for literature1 much to his father's dissatisfaction4 ,at ,bologna1 ,petrarch made considerable progress in the study of the law1 moved thereto1 doubtless1 by the entreaties of his excellent parent4 ,after three years spent at ,bologna1 ,petrarch was recalled to ,france by the death of his father4 ,soon after his mother died also1 and he and his brother were left entirely to their own guidance1 with very slender means1 and those diminished by the dishonesty of those whom his father named as trustees to their fortune4 ,under these circumstances ,petrarch entirely abandoned the profession of the law1 as it occurred to both him and his brother that the clerical profession was their best resource in a city where the priesthood reigned supreme4 ,they resided at ,avignon1 and became the favorites and companions of the ecclesiastical and lay nobles who formed the papal court4 ,his talents and accomplishments were of course the cause of this distinction2 besides that his personal advantages were such as to prepossess every one in his favor4 ,he was so handsome as frequently to attract observation when he passed along the streets4 ,when1 to the utmost simplicity and singleness of mind1 were added splendid talents1 the charm of poetry1 so highly valued in the country of the ,troubadours1 an affectionate and generous disposition1 vivacious and pleasing manners1 an engaging and attractive exterior2 we cannot wonder that ,petrarch was the darling of his age1 the associate of its greatest men1 and the man whom princes delighted to honor4 ,the passion of ,petrarch for ,laura was purified and exalted at the same time4 ,she filled him with noble aspirations1 and divided him from the common herd4 ,he felt that her influence made him superior to vulgar ambition1 and rendered him wise1 true1 and great4 ,she saved him in the dangerous period of youth1 and gave a worthy aim to all his endeavors4 ,the manners of his age permitted one solace2 a ,platonic attachment was the fashion of the day4 ,the ,troubadours had each a lady to adore1 to wait upon1 and to celebrate in song2 without its being supposed that she made him any return beyond a gracious acceptance of his devoirs1 and allowing him to make her the heroine of his verses4 ,petrarch endeavored to merge the living passion of his soul into this airy and unsubstantial devotion4 ,laura permitted the homage3 she perceived his merit and was proud of his admiration2 she felt the truth of his affection1 and indulged the wish of preserving it and her own honor at the same time4 ,without her inflexibility1 this had been a dangerous experiment3 but she always kept her lover distant from her2 rewarding his reserve with smiles1 and repressing by frowns all the overflowings of his heart4 ,by her resolute severity1 she incurred the danger of ceasing to be the object of his attachment1 and of losing the gift of an immortal name1 which he has conferred upon her4 ,but ,petrarch's constancy was proof against hopelessness and time4 ,he had too fervent an admiration of her qualities ever to change3 he controlled the vivacity of his feelings1 and they became deeper rooted4 ,untouched by my prayers1 he says1 unvanquished by my arguments1 unmoved by my flattery1 she remained faithful to her sex's honor2 she resisted her own young heart1 and mine1 and a thousand1 thousand things1 which must have conquered any other4 ,she remained unshaken4 ,a woman taught me the duty of a man6 to persuade me to keep the path of virtue1 her conduct was at once an example and a reproach4 ,but whether1 in this long conflict1 ,laura preserved her heart untouched1 as well as her virtue immaculate2 whether she shared the love she inspired2 or whether she escaped from the captivating assiduities and intoxicating homage of her lover1 fancy free2 whether coldness1 or prudence1 or pride1 or virtue1 or the mere heartless love of admiration1 or a mixture of all together1 dictated her conduct1 is at least as well worth inquiry as the color of her eyes1 or the form of her nose1 upon which we have pages of grave discussion4 ,she might have been coquette par instinct1 if not par calent2 she might have felt1 with feminine tacte1 that to preserve her influence over ,petrarch1 it was necessary to preserve his respect4 ,she was evidently proud of her conquest3 she had else been more or less than woman2 and at every hazard1 but that of self-respect1 she was resolved to retain him4 ,if ,petrarch absented himself for a few days1 he was generally better treated on his return4 ,if he avoided her1 then her eye followed him with a softer expression4 ,when he looked pale from sickness of heart and agitation of spirits1 ,laura would address him with a few words of pitying tenderness4 ,when he presumed on this benignity1 he was again repulsed with frowns4 ,he flew to solitude1--solitude6 ,never let the proud and torn heart1 wrung with the sense of injury1 and sick with unrequited passion1 seek that worst resource against pain1 for there grief grows by contemplating itself1 and every feeling is sharpened by collision4 ,petrarch sought to mitigate the fever of his heart amid the shades of ,vaucluse1 a spot so gloomy1 and so solitary1 that his very servants forsook him2 and ,vaucluse1 its fountains1 its forests1 and its hanging cliffs1 reflected only the image of ,laura4 ,he passed several years thus1 cut off from society2 his books were his great resource2 he was never without one in his hand4 ,often he remained in silence from morning till night1 wandering among the hills when the sun was yet low2 and taking refuge1 during the heat of the day1 in his shady garden4 ,at night1 after performing his clerical duties 7for he was canon of ,lombes71 he rambled among the hills2 often entering1 at midnight1 the cavern1 whose gloom1 even during the day1 struck his soul with awe4 ,fool that ,i was6 he exclaims in after life1 not to have remembered the first school-boy lesson--that solitude is the nurse of love6 ,while living at ,vaucluse1 ,petrarch1 invited to ,rome by the ,roman ,senate1 repaired thither to receive the laurel crown of poesy4 ,the ceremony was performed in the ,capitol with great solemnity1 in presence of all the nobles and high-born ladies of the city4 ,leaving ,rome soon after his coronation1 he repaired to ,parma1 where ,clement ,,vi4 rewarded him for subsequent political services by naming him prior of ,migliarino in the diocese of ,pisa4 ,petrarch returned to ,avignon4 ,the sight of ,laura gave fresh energy to a passion which had survived the lapse of fifteen years4 ,she was no longer the blooming girl who had first charmed him4 ,the cares of life had dimmed her beauty4 ,she was the mother of many children1 and had been afflicted at various times by illness4 ,her home was not happy4 ,her husband1 without loving or appreciating her1 was ill-tempered and jealous4 ,petrarch acknowledged that if her personal charms had been her sole attraction he had already ceased to love her4 ,but his passion was nourished by sympathy and esteem2 and1 above all1 by that mysterious tyranny of love1 which1 while it exists1 the mind of man seems to have no power of resisting1 though in feebler minds it sometimes vanishes like a dream4 ,petrarch was also changed in personal appearance4 ,his hair was sprinkled with gray1 and lines of care and sorrow trenched his face4 ,on both sides the tenderness of affection began to replace1 in him the violence of passion1 in her the coyness and severity she had found necessary to check his pursuit4 ,the jealousy of her husband opposed obstacles to their seeing each other4 ,they met as they could in public walks and assemblies4 ,laura sang to him1 and a soothing familiarity grew up between them as her fears became allayed1 and he looked forward to the time when they might sit together and converse without dread4 ,at length he resolved to leave ,laura and ,avignon forever2 and instead of plunging into solitude1 to seek the wiser resource of travel and society4 ,laura saw him depart with regret4 ,when he went to take leave of her1 he found her surrounded by a circle of her ladies4 ,her mien was dejected2 a cloud overcast her face1 whose expression seemed to say1 ,who takes my faithful friend from me8 ,petrarch was struck to the heart by a sad presentiment3 the emotion was mutual2 they both seemed to feel that they should never meet again4 ,petrarch departed4 ,the plague1 which had been extending its ravages over ,asia1 entered ,europe4 ,it spread far and wide3 nearly one half the population of the world became its prey4 ,petrarch saw thousands die around him1 and he trembled for his friends4 ,he heard that it was at ,avignon4 ,a thousand sad presentiments haunted his mind4 ,at last the fatal truth reached him1 ,laura was dead6 ,by a singular coincidence1 she died on the anniversary of the day when he first saw her4 ,she was taken ill on the third of ,april1 and languished but three days4 ,as soon as the symptoms of the plague declared themselves1 she prepared to die3 she made her will1 which is dated on the third of ,april1 and received the sacraments of the church4 ,on the sixth she died1 surrounded by her friends and the noble ladies of ,avignon1 who braved the dangers of infection to attend on one so lovely and so beloved4 ,on the evening of the same day on which she died1 she was interred in the chapel of the ,cross which her husband had lately built in the church of the ,minor ,friars at ,avignon4 ,her tomb was discovered and opened in #aecc1 in the presence of ,francis the ,first1 whose celebrated stanzas on the occasion are well known4 ,of the fame which1 even in her lifetime1 love and poetical adoration of ,petrarch had thrown around his ,laura1 a curious instance is given which will characterize the manners of the age4 ,when ,charles of ,luxembourg 7afterwards ,emperor7 was at ,avignon1 a grand fete was given1 in his honor1 at which all the noblesse were present4 ,he desired that ,petrarch's ,laura should be pointed out to him2 and when she was introduced1 he made a sign with his hand that the other ladies present should fall back2 then going up to ,laura1 and for a moment contemplating her with interest1 he kissed her respectively on the forehead and on the eyelids4 ,petrarch survived her twenty-six years1 dying in #acgd4 ,he was found lifeless one morning in his study1 his hand resting on a book4 ,,the ,,king ,,and ,,outlaw4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4 ,robin ,hood was a gentleman1 ,an outlaw bold was he2 ,he lost his ,earldom and his land1 ,and took to the greenwood tree4 ,the king had just come home from war ,with the ,soldan over sea2 ,and ,robin dwelt in merry ,sherwood1 ,and lived by archerie4 ,five bucks as fat as fat could be1 ,were bleeding on the ground1 ,when up there came a hunter bright1 ,with a horn and leashed hound4 ,who's this1 who's this1 i' th' merry greenwood8 ,who's this with horn and hound8 ,we'll hang him1 an' he pay not down ,for his life a thousand pound4 ,come hither1 hither1 ,friar ,john1 ,and count your rosarie1 ,and shrive this sinful gentleman1 ,under the greenwood tree6 ,stand back1 stand back1 thou wicked ,friar1 ,nor dare to stop my way2 ,i'll tear your cowl and cassock off1 ,and hurl your beads away6 ,nay6 hold your hands1 my merry man6 ,i like his gallant mood2 ,sir ,hunter pray you take a staff1 ,and play with ,robin ,hood4 ,they played an hour with quarter staffs1 ,a good long hour or more1 ,and ,robin ,hood was beat at the game1 ,that never was beat before4 ,hold off1 hold off1 he said at length1 ,and wiped the blood away2 ,thou art a noble gentleman1 ,come dine with me to-day4 ,with the quarter staff1 as a yeoman might1 ,for love ,i played with thee2 ,now draw thy sword1 as fits a knight1 ,and play awhile with me4 ,they fought an hour with rapiers keen1 ,a weary hour or more1 ,and ,robin ,hood began to fail1 ,that never failed before4 ,but still he fought as best he might1 ,in the summer's burning heat1 ,till he sank at last with loss of blood1 ,and fell at the ,stranger's feet4 ,he brought him water from the spring1 ,and took him by the hand2 ,rise up6 he said1 my good old ,earl1 ,the best man in the land6 ,rise up1 rise up1 ,earl ,huntington1 ,no longer ,robin ,hood2 ,i will be king in ,london town1 ,and you in green ,sherwood6 ,,saint ,,escarpacio',s ,,bones4 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine4 ,upon a fine ,may morning in the year #aehe1 a ,spanish vessel lay at anchor in the ,port of ,st4 ,jago1 in the island of ,cuba4 ,she was about to sail for ,cadiz1 the passengers were on board1 and the sailors at their several stations1 awaiting the word of command4 ,the captain1 a small1 tight-built1 shrewd-looking man1 with the voice and manner of a naval officer1 which1 indeed1 he had formerly been1 was brave and experienced1 and although somewhat wild and daring1 he was a good fellow at heart1 but now and then violent and headstrong to a fault1 in short1 ,captain ,perez was the terror of his men4 ,he was walking the deck with rapid strides1 and exhibiting the greatest impatience1 now stopping to observe the direction of the wind1 and casting a glance at the shore1 then resuming his walk with a preliminary stamp of disappointment and vexation2 no one1 in the meanwhile1 daring to ask why he delayed getting under way4 ,at length strains of church music at a distance are heard on board the vessel1 and all eyes are directed to the shore4 ,a long procession of monks1 holding crosses and lighted wax tapers1 and singing1 is seen approaching the beach opposite the vessel4 ,the procession moves slowly and solemnly to the cadence of the music4 ,between two rows of monks dressed in deep black is a coffin richly decorated with all the symbols of the ,catholic faith1 and covered with garlands and chaplets1 and1 what is singular1 the coffin is carried with difficulty by six stout negroes4 ,four venerable ,jesuits support the corners of the pall1 and1 immediately behind the coffin1 walks alone1 with a grave and dignified step1 the ,right ,reverend ,father ,antonio1 superior of the ,jesuit missionaries of the island of ,cuba4 ,an immense crowd of citizens1 the garrison of the island1 and the military and civil authorities1 piously form the escort4 ,suddenly the singing ceases1 the procession halts1 the coffin is placed on elevated supporters4 ,father ,antonio approaches it1 and1 kissing the pall with reverence1 exclaims1 with a solemnity befitting the occasion1 ,adieu6 ,saint ,escarpacio1 thou worthy model of our order1 adieu6 ,in separating myself from thy holy remains1 ,i fulfil thy last wishes2 may they piously repose in our happy ,spain1 and may thy saintly vows and aspirations be thus accomplished4 ,but before their departure from our shores1 we conjure thee1 holy saint1 to look down from thy holy place of rest in heaven1 and deign to bless this people1 and us1 thy mourning friends on earth4 ,the whole assembly then knelt upon the ground1 after which the negroes1 resuming their heavy burden1 carried it on board a boat1 closely followed by ,father ,antonio4 ,with vigorous rowing the boat soon reached the vessel's side1 and the coffin was hoisted on board4 ,you are very late1 reverend father1 said ,captain ,perez1 and you know wind and tide wait for no man4 ,i ought to have been far on my way long before this hour4 ,we could not get ready sooner1 my son1 the holy father replied1 but fear not1 ,god will reward you for the delay1 and these precious remains will speed you on your voyage4 ,i hope you have made your own private cabin1 as you promised1 worthy of their reception8 ,yes1 certainly1 ,i have4 ,you must not for a moment lose sight of the coffin4 ,make yourself easy on that point1 holy father2 ,i shall watch over it as if it were my own4 ,hollo there forward1 bear a hand aft1 the captain cried4 ,four sailors place themselves at the corners of the coffin1 but they can hardly raise it from the deck2 two more are called1 and the six1 bending under its weight1 succeed in carrying it down into the cabin1 followed by the ,captain and by ,father ,antonio4 ,when the coffin was properly bestowed1 the reverend father addressed ,captain ,perez in the most earnest and solemn manner3 ,i hope you will be found worthy of the great confidence and trust ,i now repose in you4 ,these precious remains should occupy your every moment1 and you will sacredly and faithfully account to me for their safety--the smallest negligence will cost you dear4 ,on your arrival at ,cadiz1 you will deliver the coffin to none other than ,father ,hieronimo1 and not to him even1 unless he shall first place in your hands a letter from me--you understand my instructions and commands8 ,now depart1 and may ,god speed you on your way4 ,father ,antonio then came upon deck1 and bestowed his benediction upon the vessel1 and upon all it contained2 after which1 descending to the boat1 he was rowed to the shore4 ,as he placed himself at the head of the procession1 the singing recommenced1 the anchor was weighed1 and1 to the sound of music1 the cheering of the people1 and the roar of cannon1 the vessel moved slowly on her destined voyage4 ,when fairly at sea1 the wind was favorable1 and all went well4 ,the second evening out1 ,captain ,perez was alone in his private cabin1 and in a contemplative mood1 when the feeble light of the single lamp glancing across the coffin1 as the vessel rocked from side to side1 attracted his attention1 and led him to think about the singularity of its great weight4 ,it is very strange1 he said musingly1 six stout fellows to carry a man's dry bones6--it cannot be possible4 ,but what does the coffin contain if it does not contain the saint's bones8 ,father ,antonio was very1 very particular4 ,i should really like to know what there is in the coffin4 ,it took a good half dozen strong healthy negroes1 and then as many sailors1 to carry it3 what can there be in the coffin8 ,why1 after all1 ,i can know if ,i please4 ,i have but to take out a few screws1 it can be done without the slightest noise1 and ,i am alone1 and the cabin door is easily fastened4 ,suiting the action to his soliloquy1 he bolted the door of the cabin1 took from his tool-chest a screw-driver1 and1 after a moment's indecision1 began cautiously to loosen one of the screws in the lid of the coffin1 his hands all the while trembling violently4 ,if1 thought he1 ,i am committing a heinous sin1 if the saint should start up1 and if1 in his anger1 he should in some appalling manner punish my sacrilegious meddling with his bones8 ,a cold sweat overspread his bronzed visage1 and he stood still a moment1 hesitating as to whether he should go on4 ,but curiosity conquered1 and he rallied his energies with the reflection1 that if he opened the coffin1 ,saint ,escarpacio himself well knew it was only to find out what made his bones so heavy2 there could be no impiety in that--quite the contrary4 ,his conscience was by this time somewhat fortified1 his superstitious fears gradually grew fainter1 and keeping his eyes steadily fixed upon the lid of the coffin--to be sure the saint did not stir--he slowly and silently took out the first screw4 ,he then stopped short3 the saint showed no signs of anger4 ,i knew it1 said ,perez1 going to work more boldly upon the second screw1 ,i knew there was nothing sinful in opening the coffin1 for the sin lies in the intention4 ,all the screws were soon drawn out1 and to gratify his curiosity it only remained to raise the coffin lid1 and here his heart beat violently--but courage--,perez did raise the lid1 and1 and1 he saw--no saint1 but hay--the hay is carefully removed--then strips of linen--they are removed--then hay again1 but no saint1 nothing like the bone of a saint--but a wooden box4 ,well1 that is odd1 thought ,perez1 and what can there be in it8 ,i must open the box1 but how8 there is no key1 what is to be done8 ,shall ,i force the lock1 or break the cover of the box8 ,either attempt would make a noise1 which the passengers or sailors might hear1 but what is to be done8 ,good ,saint ,escarpacio1 take pity on me1 and direct me how to open the box1 whispered ,perez1 and there was perhaps a little irony in the supplication4 ,in feeling among the hay surrounding the box1 ,perez found a key at one of its corners secured by a small iron chain4 ,ah6 ha6 ,i have it at last ,perez cried1 the key1 the key1 and quickly putting it into the key-hole1 he opened the ,box--and he saw--what8 ,leathern bags filled to the top according to the beautifully written tickets1 with ,,gold ,,pistoles--,,silver ,,crowns1 closely ranged in shining piles--all in the most perfect order4 ,but what is this8 a letter8 ,i must read it1 exclaimed the excited ,perez--by your leave1 gentle wax1 and he tears the letter open4 ,it began thus3 ,father ,antonio1 of ,cuba1 to the reverend fathers in ,cadiz1 greeting4 ,as agreed between us1 ,most ,reverend ,fathers1 ,i send you ,,three ,,hundred ,,thousand ,,livres1 in the name1 and under the semblance of ,father ,escarpacio1 whose bones ,i am supposed to be sending to ,spain4 ,the annexed memorandum of accounts will show that this sum comprises the whole of our little gleanings and savings up to this time1 for the benefit of our ,holy ,order4 ,you will pardon ,i am sure this innocent artifice on our part1 ,most ,reverend ,fathers1 as it will prove a safeguard to the treasure1 and avoid awakening the avarice and cupidity of the person to whom ,i am obliged to intrust it4 7,signed7 ,,antonio1 of ,cuba4 ,three hundred thousand livres6 there are1 then1 three hundred thousand livres1 exclaimed ,perez in amazement1 as he realized that this immense sum lay in real gold and silver coin before his eyes4 ,oh1 reverend1 right reverend and worthy fellows of the crafty ,ignatius6 you are indeed cunning foxes6 a hundred to one your trick was not discovered1 for who but a ,jesuit could have imagined it1 and who could have guessed that the coffin contained money8 ,and so these bags of gold are your holy remains1 and ,i too1 old sea shark as ,i am1 to be humbugged like a land lubber1 with your procession and your mummery--but ,i am deceived no longer1 my eyes are opened2 and by my patron saint1 trick for trick my pious masters--bones you shall have1 and burn me for a heretic1 if you get any thing better than bones2 and he began to untie and examine the contents of the money-bags4 ,let me consider said he1 ,i want some bones1 and where the devil shall ,i find them8 ,he was on his knees1 his body bent over the box1 with his hands in the open gold-bags4 ,his agitated countenance expressed with energy the mingled emotions1 of desire to keep the rich booty all to himself1 and of fear that in some mysterious manner it might elude his grasp--but he must1 he must have it4 ,a lucky thought strikes me1 said he2 what a fool ,i am to give myself any trouble about it4 ,what says my bill of lading8 ',received from the ,reverend ,father ,antonio1 a coffin containing bones1 said to be those of ,saint ,escarpacio4' ,a coffin containing bones1 said to be those1 c4--very good1 and have ,i seen the bones1 said to be delivered to me1 and said to be the saint's bones8 certainly not1 and the coffin might contain--any thing else--the said coffin containing--what you please--how should ,i know8 said to be the bones of ,saint ,escarpacio1 c4 c4 ,in short1 ,captain ,perez began noiselessly and methodically to empty the box of its bags of gold and piles of silver1 taking care to stow the treasure away in a chest1 to which he alone had access4 ,he then filled the box with whatever was at hand1 bits of rusty iron1 lead1 stones1 shells1 old junk1 hay1 c41 substituting as nearly as possible pound for pound in weight if not in value1 conscientiously adding some bones which were far removed from canonisation1 and at last carefully screwing down the lid1 the right reverend father ,antonio himself1 had he been on board1 could not have discovered that the coffin had been touched by mortal hand4 ,in about a month the vessel arrived at the port of ,cadiz4 ,the quarantine for some unexplained reason was much shorter than usual1 and had hardly expired1 when a venerable ,jesuit was the first person who stood before the captain1 a few minutes only after he had taken possession of his lodgings on shore4 ,i would speak with ,captain ,perez1 said the ,jesuit1 gravely4 ,i am he1 the captain replied1 somewhat disconcerted at the abruptness of the inquiry4 ,quickly recovering his presence of mind1 however1 he added1 with perfect calmness1 ,you have probably come1 holy father1 to take charge of the precious remains intrusted to my care by ,father ,antonio1 of ,cuba8 ,the ,jesuit bowed his head1 in token of assent4 ,and ,i have the honor of addressing ,father ,hieronimo8 ,you have1 was the reply4 ,you are no doubt the bearer of a letter for me1 from ,father ,antonio8 ,here it is1 said ,father ,hieronimo1 handing ,captain ,perez a letter4 ,i beg a thousand pardons1 holy father1 the captain said1 with much humility1 but ,i hope you will not take offence at these necessary precautions8 ,on the contrary they speak in your favor4 ,i see all is right1 said the captain1 and ,i will go myself and order the coffin brought on shore4 ,the captain went immediately on board1 ,father ,hieronimo meanwhile placing himself at an open window whence he could over-look the vessel and watch every movement4 ,the coffin was brought on shore by eight sailors1 who1 bending under its weight1 slowly approach the captain's quarters4 ,how heavy it is1 how very heavy1 said the ,jesuit1 rubbing his hands in exultation4 ,captain ,perez had of course accompanied the coffin from the vessel1 and now that he was about to deliver it into ,father ,hieronimo's keeping1 he said to him1 in a solemn and impressive manner1 ,i place in your hands1 holy father1 the precious remains intrusted to my care4 ,i receive them with pious joy4 ,the responsibility was great4 ,it will henceforth be mine4 ,it was a precious treasure4 ,very precious4 ,i have watched over it with vigilance4 ,god will reward you4 ,i hope so4 ,from this hour every thing will prosper with you4 ,do you think so1 holy father8 ,i am sure of it4 ,i must now bid you adieu4 ,you have forgotten1 holy father1 to give me a receipt2 but if-- ,you are right1 said the ,jesuit1 it had escaped me4 ,and he seated himself at a table on which lay writing materials1 first sending a servant for his carriage4 ,the receipt spoke of the piety and zeal of ,captain ,perez in the most flattering terms2 and1 while the captain was reading it with becoming humility1 the carriage drew up opposite to the coffin1 which was soon resting upon the cushioned seats within the vehicle4 ,i go immediately to ,madrid1 said ,father ,hieronimo4 ,you can no doubt imagine the impatience of the holy fathers to possess the sacred relics2 they have waited so long4 ,once more adieu1 believe me we shall never forget you4 ,with these words1 and a parting benediction on ,perez1 ,father ,hieronimo stepped into the carriage1 and1 with his holy remains by his side1 started at a brisk trot of his well-fed mules on the road to ,madrid4 ,when fairly out of sight and hearing of ,captain ,perez1 the good father laughed aloud4 ,the captain1 poor simple soul1 said he1 suspects nothing4 ,and ,perez1 he too would have laughed aloud if he had dared2 indeed he could with difficulty restrain himself in presence of his crew4 ,the crafty old fox1 he said exultingly1 he has got his holy remains--ha6 ha6--and he suspects nothing4 ,a day or two after the delivery of the coffin1 ,captain ,perez sailed for ,mexico4 ,after an interval of ten years1 during which period1 according to the ,jesuit's prediction1 prosperity had constantly waited upon ,perez1 he became weary of successful enterprise1 and tired of the roving and laborious life he was leading4 ,worth a million1 and a bachelor1 he wisely resolved to give the remainder of his days to enjoyment4 ,seville was judiciously selected for his residence1 where a magnificent mansion1 extensive grounds1 a well furnished cellar1 good cooks1 chosen friends1 with all the other et ceteras which riches can bring1 enabled him to pass his days and nights joyously4 ,captain ,perez was indeed a happy dog4 ,one night he was at table1 surrounded by his friends of both sexes4 ,the cook had done his duty2 there were excellent fruits from the tropics2 there were wines in abundance and variety1 and with songs and laughter the very windows rattled1 when ,perez1 the jolly ,perez1 half seas over1 begged a moment's silence4 ,i say1 my worthy friends1 ,i have something to tell you better than all your singing4 ,i must tell you a story that will make you split your sides--a real good one1 about a capital trick ,i served them poor devils the ,jesuits4 ,you must know ,i was lying at anchor in ,cuba1 and-- ,suddenly the door of the apartment is thrown open with great violence1 and a monk1 clothed in deep black1 enters1 followed by a guard of alguazils armed to the teeth4 ,profane impious wretches6 he cried1 in a voice of appalling harshness1 is it thus you do penance for your sins8 ,is it in riotous feasting and drunkenness you spend the holy season of ,lent8 ,then1 turning to ,captain ,perez1 he said1 ,follow me to the palace of the ,holy ,inquisition4 ,before that tribunal you must answer for your sacrilegious conduct4 ,the guests were stupefied with fear1 and ,perez1 now completely sobered1 stared in affright at the monk4 ,do you recollect me1 ,captain ,perez8 said the monk4 ,no--but--it appears to me ,i have somewhere seen-- ,i am ,father ,antonio1 of ,cuba1 cried the monk1 fixing his eyes1 sparkling with savage fury1 upon ,perez4 ,and you are a member of the ,holy ,inquisition8 ,perez faltered out in trembling accents4 ,i am4 ,again ,i say1 follow me on the instant4 ,poor ,captain ,perez1 or rather rich ,captain ,perez1 at the early day in which he lived had1 perhaps1 never heard the avowal made by a man who1 in speaking of honesty and dishonesty1 declared honesty to be the best policy1 for1 said he1 ,i have tried both4 ,that the captain was not born to be hanged is certain2 and although from childhood a sojourner upon the ocean1 it was not his destiny to be drowned4 ,there is a tradition handed down1 that had it not been for very considerable donations1 under his hand and seal1 to a religious community in ,spain1 a method of bidding adieu to this life more in accordance with the pious notions prevalent three hundred years ago1 would certainly have been chosen for our hero4 ,indeed1 there were not wanting many heretic-hating persons who affirmed that an auto-da-fe was got up expressly for the occasion4 ,but we have ascertained beyond a doubt that he reformed in his manner of living1 that he secured to the ,holy ,order the donations already mentioned1 that the reverend fathers kindly took from his legal heirs all trouble in the division of his riches1 and that he died in his bed at last1 as a pious ,catholic should die1 and was buried in consecrated ground1 with every rite and ceremony belonging to the community he had so munificently contributed to enrich4 ,,dirge ,,for ,,an ,,infant4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4 ,he is dead and gone--a flower ,born and withered in an hour4 ,coldly lies the death-frost now ,on his little rounded brow2 ,and the seal of darkness lies ,ever on his shrouded eyes4 ,he will never feel again ,touch of human joy or pain2 ,never will his once-bright eyes ,open with a glad surprise2 ,nor the death-frost leave his brow-- ,all is over with him now4 ,vacant now his cradle-bed1 ,as a nest from whence hath fled ,some dear little bird1 whose wings ,rest from timid flutterings4 ,thrown aside the childish rattle1 ,hushed for aye the infant prattle-- ,little broken words that could ,by none else be understood ,save the childless one that weeps ,o'er the grave where now he sleeps4 ,closed his eyes1 and cold his brow-- ,all is over with him now6 ,r4 ,s4 ,,chilton4 ,,the ,,chimes4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4 ,,by ,e4,w4 ,,ellsworth4 ,it was evening in ,new ,england1 ,and the air was all in tune1 ,as ,i sat at an open window1 ,in the emerald month of ,june4 ,from the maples by the roadway1 ,the robins sang in pairs1 ,listening and then responding1 ,each to the other's airs4 ,sounds of calm that wrought the feeling ,of the murmur of a shell1 ,of the drip of a lifted bucket ,in a wide and quiet well4 ,and ,i thought of the airs of bargemen1 ,who tunefully recline1 ,as they float by ,ehrenbreitstein1 ,in the twilight of the ,rhine4 ,and then of an eve in ,venice1 ,and the song of the gondolier1 ,from the far lagunes replying ,to the winged lion pier4 ,and then of the verse of ,milton1 ,and the music heard to rise1 ,through the solemn night from angels ,stationed in ,paradise4 ,thus ,i said it is with music1 ,wheresoe'er at random thrown1 ,it will seek its own responses1 ,it is loth to die alone4 ,thus ,i said the poet's music1 ,though a lovely native air1 ,may appeal unto a rhythm ,that is native everywhere4 ,for although in scope of feeling1 ,human hearts are far apart1 ,in the depths of every bosom1 ,beats the universal heart2 ,beats with wide accordant motion1 ,and the chimes among the towers ,of the grandest of ,god's temples ,seem as if they might be ours4 ,and we grow in such a seeming1 ,till indeed we may control ,to an echo1 our communion ,with the good and grand in soul4 ,as an echo in a valley ,may revive a cadence there1 ,of a bell that may be swaying ,in a lofty ,alpine air4 ,as a screen of tremulous metal1 ,from the rolling organ tone1 ,rings out to a note of the music ,that can never be its own4 ,as an earnest artist ponders ,on a study nobly wrought1 ,till his fingers gild his canvas ,with a touch of the self-same thought4 ,but the sun had now descended ,far along his cloudy stairs1 ,and the night had come like the angels ,to ,abraham1 unawares4 ,a ,,story ,,without ,a ,,name4#b ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1 ,,esq4 ,,chapter ,,xlvi4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton fancied herself in high good luck2 for just as she was passing through the door into the hall1 ,lady ,hastings' maid crossed and made her a curtsey4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton beckoned her up1 saying in a quiet1 easy1 every-day tone1 ,i suppose your lady is awake by this time8 ,no1 madam1 replied the maid1 she is asleep still4 ,she did not take her nap as early as usual to-day2 for ,mistress ,emily was with her1 and my lady would not go to sleep till she went out to take a walk4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton was somewhat alarmed at this intelligence2 for she had not much confidence in her good friend's discretion4 ,how is ,miss ,emily8 she said in a tender tone4 ,she seemed very sad and low when last ,i saw her4 ,she is just the same1 ,madam1 replied the maid4 ,she did not seem very cheerful when she went out1 and has been crying a good deal to-day4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton was better satisfied1 and paused for an instant to think2 but the maid interrupted her cogitations by saying--,i think ,i may wake my lady now1 if you please to come up1 ,madam4 ,oh1 dear1 no1 replied ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,do not wake her4 ,i will go in quietly and sit with her till she wakes naturally4 ,it is a pity to deprive her of one moment's calm sleep4 ,you needn't come1 you needn't come4 ,i will ring for you when your mistress wakes2 and she quietly ascended the stairs1 though the maid offered some civil remonstrances to her undertaking the task of watching by her sleeping mistress4 ,the most careful affection could not have prompted greater precautions in opening the door of the sick lady's chamber1 than those which were taken by ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,it was a good solid door1 however1 well seasoned1 and well hung1 and moved upon its hinges without noise4 ,she closed it with the same care1 and then with a soft tread glided up to the side of the bed4 ,lady ,hastings was sleeping profoundly and quietly2 and as she lay in an attitude of easy grace1 a shadow of her youthful beauty seemed to have returned1 and all the traces of after cares and anxiety were banished for the time4 ,on the table1 near the bed-head1 stood the vial of medicine1 with the glass and spoon2 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton eyed it for a moment or two without touching it4 ,she saw that she had hit the color exactly2 but the quantity in that vial1 and the one she had with her1 was somewhat different4 ,she felt puzzled and doubtful4 ,she asked herself--,would the difference be discovered when the time came for giving her the medicine8 and a certain degree of trepidation seized her4 ,but she was bold1 and said to herself--,they will never see it4 ,they suspect nothing4 ,they will never see it4 ,she took the vial from her pocket1 and held it for an instant or two in her hand4 ,again a doubt and hesitation took possession of her4 ,she gazed at the sleeper with a haggard eye4 ,the face was so calm1 so sweet1 so gentle in expression1 that the pleasant look perhaps did move her a little with remorse4 ,the voice within said again1 and again1 ,forbear6 ,she tried to deafen herself against it1 or to fill the ear of conscience with delusive sounds4 ,she is dying1 she said--,she will die--she cannot recover4 ,it is but taking away a few short hours1 in order to stop that fatal marriage1 which shall never be4 ,i am becoming a fool--a weak irresolute fool4 ,just as she thus thought1 ,lady ,hastings moved uneasily1 as if to wake from her slumber4 ,that moment was decisive4 ,with a hurried hand1 and quick as light1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton changed the two vials1 and concealed the one which she had taken away4 ,then it was1 probably for the first time1 that all the awful consequences of the deed1 for time and for eternity1 flashed upon her4 ,the scales fell from her eyes3 no longer passion1 or mortified vanity1 or irritated pride1 or disappointed love1 distorted the objects or concealed their forms4 ,she stood there consciously a murderer4 ,she trembled in every limb2 and1 unable to support herself1 sunk down in the chair that stood near4 ,had ,lady ,hastings slept on1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton would have been saved2 for her impulse was immediately to reverse the very act she had done--all would have been saved--all to whom that act brought wretchedness4 ,but the movement of the chair--the sound of the vial touching the marble table--the rustle of the thick silk--dispelled what remained of slumber1 and ,lady ,hastings opened her eyes drowsily1 and looked round4 ,at the very moment she would have given worlds to recall it4 ,the deed became irrevocable4 ,the barrier of ,fate fell3 it was amongst the things done2 it was written in the book of ,god as a great crime committed4 ,nothing remained but to insure1 that the end she aimed at would be obtained2 that the evil consequences1 in this world at least1 should be averted from herself4 ,there was a terrible struggle to recover her self-command--a wrestling of the spirit--against the turbulent and fierce emotions which shook the body4 ,she was still much agitated when ,lady ,hastings recognized her and began to speak2 but her determination was taken to obtain the utmost that she could from the act she had committed--to have the full price of her crime4 ,she was no ,judas ,iscariot1 to be content with the thirty pieces of silver for the innocent blood1 and then hang herself in despair4 ,oh no6 ,she had sold her own soul1 and she would have its price4 ,but yet1 as ,i have said1 the struggle was terrible1 and lasted longer than usual with her4 ,dear me1 my kind friend1 is that you8 said ,lady ,hastings4 ,have you been here long8 ,i did not hear you come in4 ,her words1 and her tone1 were gentle and affectionate4 ,all the coldness and the sharpness of the preceding day seemed to have passed away1 and to have been forgotten2 but words and tone were equally jarring to the feelings of ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,the sharpest language1 the most angry manner1 would have been a relief to her4 ,they would have afforded her some sort of strength--some sort of support4 ,it is painful enough to hear sweet music when we are very sad4 ,i have known it rise almost to agony2 but the tones of friendship and regard1 of gentleness and tender kindness1 to the ear of hatred and malice1 must be more terrible still4 ,i have been here but a moment1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 gloomily--almost peevishly4 ,i suppose it was my coming in woke you2 but ,i am sure ,i made as little noise as possible4 ,why1 what is the matter8 said ,lady ,hastings4 ,you look quite pale and agitated1 and you speak quite crossly4 ,your sudden waking startled me1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton2 and1 besides1 you looked so ill1 my dear friend4 ,i almost thought you were dead till you began to move4 ,there was malice in the sentence1 simple as it seemed1 and it had its effect4 ,nervous1 hypochondriac1 ,lady ,hastings was frightened at the mere sound1 and her heart beat strangely at the very thought of being supposed dead4 ,it seemed to her to augur that she was very ill2 that she was much worse than her friends allowed her to believe2 that they anticipated her speedy dissolution1 and she remained silent and sad for several minutes1 giving ,mrs4 ,hazleton time to recover herself completely4 ,she was a little piqued too at the abruptness of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's manner4 ,neither the speech1 nor the mode1 nor the speaker1 pleased her2 and she replied at length--,nevertheless1 ,i feel a good deal better to-day4 ,i have slept well for1 ,i dare say1 a couple of hours2 and my dear child ,emily has been with me all the morning4 ,i must say she bears opposition and contradiction very sweetly4 ,she knew that would not please ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 and she laid some emphasis on the words by way of retaliation4 ,it was petty1 but it was quite in her character4 ,now ,i think of it1 she added1 you promised to tell me what you discovered in regard to ,marlow's relationship to ,lord ,launceston4 ,i find--but never mind4 ,tell me what you have found out4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton hesitated4 ,the first impulse was to tell a lie--to assert that ,marlow was not the old earl's heir2 but there was something in ,lady ,hastings' manner which made her suspect that she had received more certain information1 and she made up her mind to speak the truth4 ,it is very true1 she said2 ,mr4 ,marlow is the old lord's nearest male relation1 and heir to his title4 ,i suspect1 she added with a silly sounding laugh1 you have found this out yourself1 my dear friend1 and have made your peace with ,emily1 by withdrawing your opposition to her marriage4 ,her heart was very bitter at that moment2 for she really did suspect all that she said4 ,the idea presented itself to her mind 7producing a feeling of fierce disappointment71 of all her efforts being rendered fruitless1 her dark schemes frustrated1 her cunning contrivances without effect1 at the very moment when the crime1 by which she proposed to insure success1 was so far consummated as to be beyond recall4 ,she was relieved on that score in a moment4 ,oh dear no1 cried ,lady ,hastings4 ,i promised you1 my dear friend1 that ,i would say nothing till ,i saw you1 and ,i have said nothing either to my husband or ,emily4 ,but ,i will of course now tell her all immediately1 and ,i do confess it will give me greater satisfaction than any act of my whole life1 to withdraw the opposition to her marriage which has made her so miserable1 and to bid her be happy with the man of her own choice--an excellent good young man he is too4 ,he has been laboring1 ,i find1 for the last fortnight or three weeks1 night and day1 in our service1 and has detected the horrible conspiracy by which my husband was deprived of his rights and property4 ,i shall tell ,emily1 with great joy1 as soon as ever she comes back1 that were it for nothing but this zeal in our cause1 ,i would receive him joyfully as my son-in-law4 ,you had better wait till to-morrow morning1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 in a cold but significant tone4 ,oh dear no1 said ,lady ,hastings1 somewhat petulantly1 ,i have waited quite long enough--perhaps too long4 ,you surely would not have me protract my child's anxiety and sorrow unnecessarily4 ,no1 ,i will tell her the moment she returns4 ,she read me part of a letter from ,marlow to-day1 which shows me that he has lost no time in seeking to serve us and make us happy1 and ,i will lose no time in making my child and him happy also4 ,as you please1 replied ,mrs4 ,hazleton2 ,i only thought that in this changeable world1 there are so many unexpected things occurring between one day and another1 it might be well for you to pause and consider a little--in order1 ,i mean1 that after-thought may not show you reason to withdraw your consent1 as you now withdraw your objection4 ,my consent once given1 shall never be withdrawn1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 in a determined tone4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton looked at the vial by the bedside1 and then at her watch4 ,you had better avoid all agitation1 she said1 and at all events before you speak with ,emily1 take a dose of the medicine1 which ,short tells me he has given you to soothe and calm your spirits--shall ,i give you one now8 ,no1 ,i thank you1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 briefly2 not at present4 ,is it not the time8 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 looking at her watch again3 the good man told me you were to take it very regularly4 ,but he told me1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 that nobody was to give it to me but ,emily1 and she will be back at the right time1 ,i am sure4 ,what o'clock is it8 ,past five1 replied ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 advancing the hour a little4 ,then it wants three quarters of an hour to the time1 said ,lady ,hastings1 and ,emily has only gone to take a walk4 ,we are expecting ,marlow to-night1 so she will not go far ,i am sure4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton fell into profound thought4 ,in proposing to give ,lady ,hastings the portion herself1 she had deviated a little from her original plan4 ,she had intended all along1 that the mortal draught should be administered by the hand of ,emily1 and she had only been tempted to depart from that purpose by the fear of ,lady ,hastings withdrawing her opposition to her daughter's marriage with ,marlow before the deed was fully accomplished4 ,there was no help for it1 however4 ,she was obliged to take her chance of the result2 and while she mused at that moment1 vague notions--what shall ,i call them8--not exactly schemes or purposes1 but rather dreams of turning suspicion upon ,emily herself1 of making men believe--suspect1 even if they could not prove--that the daughter knowingly deprived the mother of life1 crossed her imagination4 ,she meditated rather longer than was quite decorous1 and then suddenly recollecting herself she said1 ,by the way1 has ,emily yet condescended to particularize her astounding charges against your poor friend8 ,i am really anxious to hear them1 and although ,i confess that the matter has afforded me some amusement1 it has brought painful feelings and doubts with it too4 ,i have sometimes fancied1 my dear friend1 that there is a slight aberration in your poor ,emily's mind1 and ,i can account for her conduct in this instance by no other mode4 ,you know her grandfather1 ,sir ,john1 had moments when he was hardly sane4 ,i have heard your own good father declare upon one occasion1 that ,sir ,john was as mad as a lunatic4 ,tell me then1 has ,emily brought forward any proofs1 or alluded to these accusations since ,i saw you8 ,you said she would explain all in a few hours4 ,she has not as yet explained all1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 but ,i cannot deny that she has alluded to the charges1 and repeated them all distinctly4 ,she said that the delay had been rather longer than she expected2 but that as soon as ,mr4 ,dixwell came1 every thing should be told4 ,the suspense is unpleasant1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 somewhat sarcastically2 ,i trust the young lady does not play with the feelings of her lover as she does with those of her friends1 otherwise ,i should pity ,marlow4 ,lady ,hastings was a good deal nettled4 ,i do not think he much deserves your pity1 she replied2 and besides1 ,i think he is quite satisfied with ,emily's conduct1 as ,i am also4 ,i am quite confident she has good reason for what she says1 my dear ,madam--not that ,i mean to assert that the charges are true1 by any means--she may be mistaken1 you know--she may be misinformed--but that she brings them in good faith1 and fully believes that she can prove them distinctly1 ,i do not for a moment doubt4 ,if she is wrong1 nobody will be more grieved1 or more ready to make atonement than herself2 but whether she is right or wrong1 remains to be proved4 ,all that ,i have to request then is1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 that you will be kind enough to let me know1 immediately you are yourself informed1 what are the specific charges1 and upon what grounds they rest4 ,that they must be false1 ,i know2 and therefore ,i shall give myself no uneasiness about them4 ,all ,i regret is1 that you should be troubled about what must be frivolous and absurd4 ,nevertheless1 ,i must beg you to let me hear immediately4 ,sir ,philip will do that1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 coldly4 ,if ,emily is right in her views1 the matter will require the intervention of a man4 ,it will be too serious for a woman to deal with4 ,oh1 very well1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 with an air of offended dignity4 ,good morning1 my dear ,lady2 and she quitted the room4 ,she paused upon the broad staircase for two or three minutes1 leaning upon the balustrade in deep thought2 but when she descended to the hall1 she asked a servant who stood there if ,mistress ,emily had returned4 ,the man replied in the negative1 and she then inquired for ,sir ,philip1 asking to see him4 ,the servant said he was in his library1 and proceeded to announce her4 ,she followed him so closely as to enter the room almost at the same moment1 and beheld ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 with his head leaning on his hand1 sitting at the table and gazing earnestly down upon it4 ,there was a book before him1 but it was closed4 ,i beg pardon for intruding1 my dear sir1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 but ,i wished to ask if you know where ,emily is4 ,i want to speak with her4 ,i know nothing about her1 said ,sir ,philip1 abruptly2 and then muttered to himself1 would ,i knew more4 ,i thought ,i saw her in the fields as ,i came1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 gathering flowers and herbs--she is fond of botany1 ,i believe4 ,i know not1 said ,sir ,philip1 recovering himself a little4 ,pray be seated4 ,madam--,i have not attended much to her studies lately4 ,thank you1 ,i must go1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,perhaps ,i shall meet her as ,i drive along4 ,do not let me interrupt you1 do not let me interrupt you2 and she quietly quitted the room4 ,gathering herbs6 said ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 what new whim is this8 ,,chapter ,,xlvii4 ,emily ,hastings was not three hundred yards from the house when ,mrs4 ,hazleton drove away from the house door4 ,she had never been more than three hundred yards from it during that day4 ,she had gathered no herbs1 she had wandered through no fields2 but1 at her mother's earnest request1 she had gone out to breathe the fresh air for half an hour1 and had ascended through the gardens to a little terrace on the hill1 where she had continued to walk up and down under the shade of some tall trees2 had seen ,mrs4 ,hazleton arrive1 and saw her depart4 ,the scene which the terrace commanded was very beautiful in itself1 and the house below1 the well-cultivated gardens1 a fountain here and there1 neat hedge-rows1 and trim1 well-ordered fields1 gave the whole an air of home comfort1 and peaceful affluence1 such as few countries but ,england can display4 ,i have shown1 or should have shown1 that ,emily was somewhat of an impressible character1 and the brightness and the pleasant character of the scene had its usual effect in cheering4 ,certainly1 to any one who had stood near her1 looking over even that fair prospect1 she herself would have been the loveliest object in it4 ,every year had brought out some new beauty in her face1 and without diminishing one charm of extreme youth1 had expanded her fair form into womanly richness4 ,the contour of every limb was perfect3 the whole in symmetry complete2 and her movements1 as she walked to and fro1 upon the terrace1 were all full of that easy1 floating grace1 which requires a combination of youth and health1 and fine proportion1 and a pure1 high mind4 ,if there was a defect it was that she was somewhat pale that day2 for she had not slept at all during the preceding night from agitated feelings1 and busy thoughts that would not rest4 ,but the slight degree of languor1 which watching and anxiety had given1 was not without its own peculiar charm1 and the liquid brightness of her eyes seemed but the more dazzling for the drooping of the eyelid1 with its long sweeping fringe4 ,there was a mixture1 too1 strange as it may seem to say so1 of sadness and cheerfulness1 in the expression of her face that day--perhaps ,i should say an alternation of the two expressions2 but the change from the one to the other was too rapid for distinctness2 and the well of feelings from which the expressions flowed1 was of very mingled waters4 ,the scene of death and suffering which she had lately witnessed at the cottage1 her father's wild and gloomy manner1 her mother's sickness1 the displeasure of one parent1 however unjust1 and the opposition of another1 to her dearest wishes1 however unreasonable1 naturally produced anxiety and sadness4 ,but then again1 on the other hand1 ,marlow's letter had cheered and comforted her much2 the prospect of seeing him so speedily1 rejoiced her more than she had even anticipated1 and the certainty that a few short hours would remove for ever all doubts as to her conduct1 her thoughts and her feelings1 from the mind of both her parents1 and especially from that of her father1 gave her strength and happy confidence4 ,poor ,emily6 ,how lovely she looked as she walked along there with the ever varying expressions fluttering over her face1 and her rich nut brown hair1 free and uncovered1 floating in curls on the sportive breath of the breeze4 ,when first she came out the general tone of her feelings was sad2 but the bright hopes seemed to gain vigor in the open air1 and her mind fixed more and more gladly on the theme of ,marlow's letter4 ,as it did so she extracted fresh motives of comfort from it4 ,he had given her many details in regard to his late proceedings4 ,he had openly and plainly spoken of the conduct of ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 and told her he could prove the facts which he asserted4 ,he had not even hinted at an injunction to secrecy1 and although her first impulse had been to wait for his arrival and let him explain the whole himself1 yet1 as it was now getting late in the day1 and he had not come--as the obligation to secrecy1 laid upon her by ,john ,ayliffe1 might not be removed till the following morning1 and her mother was evidently anxious and uneasy for want of all explanations--,emily thought she might be fully justified in reading more of ,marlow's letter to ,lady ,hastings than she had hitherto done1 and showing her that she had asserted nothing without reasonable cause4 ,the sight of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's carriage arriving confirmed her in this intention4 ,she knew that fair lady to possess very great influence over her mother's mind4 ,she believed that influence to have been always exerted balefully1 and she judged it better1 much better1 to cut it short at once1 rather than suffer it to endure even for another day4 ,when she saw the carriage drive away1 then1 she returned rapidly to the house1 went to her room to get ,marlow's letter1 and then proceeded to her mother's chamber4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton has been here1 my love1 said ,lady ,hastings1 as soon as ,emily approached1 and really1 she has been very strange and disagreeable4 ,she seems not to have the slightest consideration for me2 but even in my weak state1 says every thing that can agitate and annoy me4 ,i trust1 my dear mother1 that you will see her no more1 said ,emily4 ,the full proofs of what ,i told you concerning her1 ,i cannot yet give2 but ,marlow lays me under no injunction to secrecy1 and ,i have brought his letter to read you the part in which he speaks of her4 ,that will show you quite enough to convince you that ,mrs4 ,hazleton should never be permitted within these doors again4 ,oh read it1 pray read it1 my dear1 said ,lady ,hastings4 ,i am all anxiety to know the facts2 for really one does not know how to behave to this woman1 and ,i feel in a very awkward position towards her4 ,emily sat down by the bedside and read1 word for word1 all that ,marlow had written in reference to ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 which was interspersed1 here and there1 with many kindly and respectful expressions towards ,lady ,hastings and her husband1 which he knew well would be gratifying to her whom he addressed4 ,his statements were all clear and precise1 and from them ,lady ,hastings learned he had obtained proof1 from various different sources1 that her seeming friend had knowingly and willingly supplied ,john ,ayliffe with the means of carrying on his fraudulent suit against ,sir ,philip ,hastings3 that she had been his counsel and cooperator in all his proceedings1 and had suggested many of the most criminal steps he had taken4 ,the last passage which ,emily read was remarkable3 ,to see into the dark abyss of that woman's heart1 my dearest ,emily1 he said1 is more than ,i can pretend to do2 but it is perfectly clear that she has been moved in all her proceedings for some years1 by bitter personal hatred towards ,sir ,philip1 ,lady ,hastings1 and yourself4 ,mere self-interest--to which she is by no means insensible on ordinary occasions--has been sacrificed to the gratification of malice1 and she has even gone so far as to place herself in a situation of considerable peril for the purpose of ruining your excellent father1 and making your mother and yourself unhappy4 ,what offence has been committed by any of your family to merit such persevering and ruthless hatred1 ,i cannot tell4 ,i only know that it must have been unintentional2 but that it has not been the less bitterly revenged4 ,perhaps the disclosures which must be made as soon as ,i return1 may give us some insight into the cause2 but at present ,i can only tell you the result4 ,my dear ,emily1 said ,lady ,hastings1 your father should know this immediately4 ,he has been very sad and gloomy since his return4 ,i really cannot tell what is the matter with him2 but something weighs upon his spirits1 evidently2 but this news will give him relief1 or1 at all events1 will divert his thoughts4 ,it was very natural1 my dear girl1 that you should first tell your mother1 but ,i really think that we must now take him into our councils4 ,i will go and ask him to come here1 at once1 said ,emily4 ,i think my dear father has not understood me rightly lately1 and has chilled me by cold looks and words when ,i would fain have spoken to him1 and poured my whole thoughts into his bosom4 ,oh1 ,i shall be glad to do any thing to regain his confidence2 and although ,i know it must be regained in a very1 very short space of time1 yet ,i would gladly do any thing to prevent its being withheld from me even a moment longer4 ,she took a step towards the door as she spoke2 but ,lady ,hastings1 unhappily1 called her back4 ,stay1 my ,emily1 she said4 ,come hither1 my dear child2 ,i have something to say that will cheer you and comfort you1 and give you strength to meet any little crosses of your father's with patience and resignation4 ,he has been sorely tried1 and is much troubled4 ,but ,i was going to say1 dear ,emily1 and she threw her arms round her daughter's neck as she leaned over her1 that ,i have been thinking much of all that was said the other day1 in regard to your marriage with ,marlow4 ,i see that your heart is set upon it1 and that you can only be happy in a union with him4 ,i know him to be a good and excellent young man2 and after all that he has done to serve us1 ,i must not interpose your wishes any longer2 although1 perhaps1 ,i might have chosen differently for you had the choice rested with me4 ,i give you1 therefore1 my full and free consent1 ,emily1 and trust you will be as happy as you deserve1 my dear girl4 ,i think you might very well have made a higher alliance1 but---- ,but none that would have made me half so happy1 replied ,emily1 embracing her mother4 ,oh1 dear mother1 if you could know the load you take from my heart1 you would be amply repaid for any sacrifice of opinion you make to your child's happiness4 ,i cannot conceive any situation more painful to be placed in than a conflict between two duties4 ,my positive promise to ,marlow1 my obedience to you1 are now reconciled1 and ,i thank you a thousand thousand times for having thus relieved me from so terrible a struggle4 ,the tears rose in her eyes as she spoke1 and ,lady ,hastings made her sit down by her bedside1 saying--,nay1 my dear child1 do not suffer yourself to be so much agitated4 ,i did not know till the other day1 she said1 feeling some self-reproach at having been brought to play the part she had acted lately1 ,i did not know till the other day that you were really so much in love1 my ,emily4 ,but ,i have known what such feelings are1 and can sympathize with you4 ,indeed ,i should have yielded long ago if it had not been for the persuasions of that horrid ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,she always stood in the way of every thing ,i wanted to do1 and would not even let me know the truth about your real feelings--pretending all the time to be my friend too6 ,she has been a friend to none of us1 ,i fear1 replied ,emily1 and to me especially an enemy2 although ,i cannot at all tell what ,i ever did to merit such pertinacious hatred as she seems to feel towards me4 ,do you know1 my child1 said ,lady ,hastings1 with a meaning smile1 ,i have been sometimes inclined to think that she wished to marry ,marlow herself8 ,emily started and looked aghast1 and then that delicate feeling1 that sensitiveness for the dignity of woman's nature1 which none1 ,i suspect1 but woman's heart can clearly comprehend1 caused her cheek to glow like a rose with shame at the very thought of a woman loving unloved1 and seeking unsought4 ,she felt1 however1 at once1 that there might be--that there probably was--much truth in what her mother said1 that she had touched the true point1 and had discovered one at least of the causes of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's strange conduct4 ,nevertheless1 she answered1 ,oh1 dear mother1 ,i hope it is not so4 ,sure ,i am that ,marlow would never trifle with any woman's love1 and ,i cannot think that ,mrs4 ,hazleton would so degrade herself as even to dream of a man who never dreamt of her2 besides1 she is old enough to be his mother4 ,not quite1 my child1 not quite1 replied ,lady ,hastings4 ,she is1 ,i believe1 younger than ,i am2 and though old enough to be your mother1 ,emily1 ,i could not have been ,marlow's1 unless ,i had married at ten years old4 ,besides1 she is very beautiful1 and she knows it1 and may have thought that such beauty as hers1 and her great wealth1 might well make up for a small difference of years4 ,perhaps you are right1 replied ,emily1 thoughtfully1 as many a circumstance flashed upon her memory1 which had seemed to her dark and mysterious in times past2 but to which the cause suggested by her mother seemed now to afford a key4 ,but if it was me1 only1 she hated1 added ,emily1 why should she so persecute my father and yourself8 ,perhaps1 replied ,lady ,hastings1 speaking with a clear-sighted wisdom which she seldom evinced1 perhaps because she knew that the most terrible blows are those which are aimed at us through those we love4 ,besides1 one cannot tell what offence your father may have given4 ,he is very plain spoken1 and not accustomed to deal very tenderly4 ,now ,mrs4 ,hazleton is not well pleased to hear plain truths1 nor to bear with patience any sharpness or abruptness of manner4 ,moreover1 my child1 ,i have heard that it was old ,sir ,john ,hastings' wish1 when we were all young and free1 that your father should marry ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,but he preferred another1 perhaps less worthy of him in every respect4 ,oh1 no1 no1 cried ,emily1 with eager affection4 ,more worthy of him a thousand times in all ways4 ,more good--more kind--more beautiful4 ,nay1 nay1 flatterer1 said ,lady ,hastings1 with a smile4 ,i was well enough to look at once1 ,emily1 and more to his taste4 ,that is enough4 ,my glass tells me clearly that ,i cannot compete with ,mrs4 ,hazleton now4 ,but it is growing dark1 my dear1 ,i must have lights4 ,i will ring for them1 and then go and seek my father1 replied ,emily4 ,she rang1 and the maid appeared from the anteroom1 just as ,lady ,hastings was saying that it was time to take her medicine4 ,emily took up the vial and the spoon1 poured out the quantity prescribed1 with a steady hand1 very unlike that with which ,mrs4 ,hazleton had held the same bottle an hour before1 and having put the dose into a wine-glass1 handed it to her mother4 ,bring lights1 said ,lady ,hastings1 addressing her maid2 and the moment after1 she raised the glass to her lips1 and drank the contents4 ,it tastes very odd1 ,emily1 she said1 ,i think it must be spoiled by the heat of the room4 ,indeed1 said ,emily4 ,that is very strange4 ,the last vial kept quite well4 ,but ,mr4 ,short will be here to-night1 and we will make him send some more4 ,she paused for a moment or two1 and then added1 ,now1 shall ,i go for my father8 ,no1 said ,lady ,hastings1 somewhat faintly2 wait till the girl comes back with the lights4 ,she was silent for a few moments1 and then raised herself suddenly on her arm1 saying in a tone of great alarm1 ,emily1 ,emily6 ,i feel very ill4--,good ,god1 ,i feel very ill6 ,emily sprang to her side and threw her arm round her2 but the next instant ,lady ,hastings uttered a fearful scream1 like the cry of a sea-bird1 and her head fell back upon her daughter's arm4 ,emily rang the bell violently3 ran to the door and shrieked loudly for aid2 for she saw too well that her mother was dying4 ,the maid1 several of the other servants1 and ,sir ,philip ,hastings himself1 rushed into the room4 ,lights were brought3 ,mr4 ,short was sent for2 but ere the servant had well passed the gates1 ,lady ,hastings1 after a few convulsive sobs1 had yielded up her spirit4 ,,chapter ,,xlviii4 ,when the surgeon entered the room of ,lady ,hastings there was a profound silence4 ,sir ,philip ,hastings was standing by his wife's bedside1 motionless as a statue2 gazing with a knitted brow and fixed stony eye upon the features of her whom he had so well and constantly loved4 ,emily lay fainting upon the floor1 with her head supported by one of the maids1 while another tried to recall her to life4 ,two more servants were in the room1 but they1 like all the rest1 remained silent in presence of the awful scene before them4 ,the windows were not yet closed1 and the faint1 struggling1 gray twilight came in1 and mingled sombrely with the pale light of the wax candles1 giving even a more deathlike hue to the face of the corpse1 and throwing strange crossing lights and shades upon features which remained convulsed even after the agony of death was past4 ,good ,god6 ,sir ,philip1 what is this ,i hear8 exclaimed ,mr4 ,short before he caught the whole particulars of the scene4 ,sir ,philip ,hastings made no answer4 ,he did not even seem to hear2 and the surgeon advanced to the bedside1 and gazed for an instant on the face of ,lady ,hastings4 ,he took her hand in his4 ,it was still warm2 but when he put his fingers on her wrist1 no pulse vibrated beneath his touch4 ,the heart1 too1 was quite still3 not a flutter indicated a lingering spark of vitality4 ,the breath was gone2 and though the surgeon sought on the dressing-table for a small mirror1 and applied it to the lips1 it remained undimmed4 ,he shook his head sadly2 but yet he made some efforts4 ,ho took a vial of essence from his pocket1 and applied it to the nostrils2 he opened a vein1 and a few drops of blood issued from it1 but stopped immediately2 and several other experiments he tried1 that not a lingering doubt might remain of death having taken possession completely4 ,at length he ceased1 saying1 ,it is in vain4 ,how did this happen8 ,it is very strange4 ,there was not an indication of such an event yesterday4 ,she was decidedly better4 ,and so she was this morning1 sir1 said ,lady ,hastings' maid2 she slept quite well too1 sir1 before ,mrs4 ,hazleton came4 ,sir ,philip ,hastings remained profoundly silent2 but ,mr4 ,short gave a sudden start at the name of ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 and asked the maid when that lady had left her mistress4 ,not half an hour before her death1 sir1 replied the maid2 and even for a little time after she was gone1 my lady seemed quite well and cheerful with ,mistress ,emily4 ,were you with her when she was seized so suddenly8 asked the surgeon4 ,no1 sir1 said the maid4 ,no one was with her but ,mistress ,emily4 ,my lady had sent me away for lights2 but just when ,i was coming up the stairs1 ,i heard my young lady ringing the bell violently1 and screaming for help1 and in two minutes after ,i came in my lady was dead4 ,i must hear the first symptoms1 said ,mr4 ,short1 and this dear young lady needs attending to4 ,if ,i know her right1 this shock will well nigh kill her4 ,he moved towards ,emily as he spoke1 but in passing across1 his eye lighted upon the vial which was standing upon the table at the bedside1 with the spoon and wine-glass which had been used in administering the medicine4 ,something in the appearance of the bottle seemed to strike him suddenly1 and he raised it sharply and held it to the candle4 ,good ,god6 exclaimed ,mr4 ,short2 ,good ,god6 and his face turned as pale as death1 and a fit of trembling seized upon him4 ,it was several moments before he uttered another word4 ,he put his hand to his brow1 and seemed to think deeply and anxiously4 ,then he examined the bottle again1 took out the cork1 held it to his nostrils1 tasted a single drop poured upon the end of his finger1 and shook his head sadly and solemnly4 ,every eye but those of the maid1 who was supporting ,emily's head1 was now turned upon him4 ,there was something in his manner so unusual1 so strange1 that even the attention of ,sir ,philip ,hastings was attracted by it2 and he looked gloomily at the surgeon for a moment1 as if in a dreamy wonder at his proceedings4 ,at length1 ,mr4 ,short spoke again4 ,can any body tell me1 he said1 when ,lady ,hastings took a dose of this stuff8 ,no one remarked the irreverent term which he applied to the contents of the vial2 for every one who listened to him would probably have given it the same name1 had it been a mithridate2 but the maid of the deceased lady replied at once1 ,only a few minutes before she died1 sir4 ,i saw her take it myself4 ,who gave it to her8 demanded the surgeon1 sternly4 ,my young lady1 sir1 answered the maid1 just before ,i went for the lights1 and ,i am sure she did not give her a drop too much of it2 for she measured it out carefully in the spoon before she put it into the glass4 ,mr4 ,short remained silent again1 and ,sir ,philip ,hastings spoke for the first time with a great effort4 ,what is the matter1 sir8 he asked1 gloomily2 you seem confounded1 thunder-struck4 ,what has befallen to draw your eyes from that8 and he pointed to the bed of his dead wife4 ,i am bound to say1 ,sir ,philip1 replied ,mr4 ,short1 that it is my belief that the dose given to ,lady ,hastings from that bottle1 has been the cause of her death4 ,in a word1 ,i believe it to be poison4 ,sir ,philip ,hastings gazed in his face with a wild look of horror4 ,his teeth chattered in his head1 his whole frame shook visibly to the eyes of those around1 but he uttered not a word1 and it was the maid who answered1 exclaiming in a shrill voice1 ,oh1 how horrible6 ,how could you send my lady such stuff8 ,i never sent it to her1 woman6 said ,mr4 ,short1 sternly2 if you had eyes you would see that it is not of the same color1 nor has it the same taste of that which ,i sent4 ,it is different in every respect2 and if no other proof were wanting that which ,i sent ,lady ,hastings was harmless1 it would be sufficient to say1 that the last vial ,i brought was delivered to you yourself yesterday quite full1 that ,lady ,hastings ought to have taken four or five doses of that medicine between that time and this1 and---- ,oh1 yes6 exclaimed the maid1 interrupting him1 she took it quite regularly4 ,i saw ,mistress ,emily give her three doses myself4 ,well1 did those hurt her8 asked ,mr4 ,short1 sharply4 ,i can't say they did1 replied the woman1 indeed she always seemed better a little while after taking them4 ,well that shows that this is not the same1 said ,mr4 ,short2 besides1 this bottle has never come out of my surgery4 ,i always choose mine perfectly clear and white1 that ,i may be enabled to see if the medicine is at all troubled or not4 ,this has a green tinge1 and must have come from some common druggist's1 and the stuff that it contains must be strictly analyzed4 ,as he spoke1 ,sir ,philip ,hastings strode up to him1 grasped his hand1 and wrung it hard1 saying in a hollow husky tone1 and pointing to the bottle1 ,what is it you mean8 ,what is it all about8 ,what is that8 ,poison6 ,sir ,philip1 replied ,mr4 ,short1 moved by the feelings of the moment beyond all his ordinary prudence2 poison6 and ,i very much fear that it has been administered to your poor lady intentionally4 ,gathering herbs6--gathering herbs6 screamed ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 like a madman2 and tearing the hair out of his head1 he rushed away from the room1 and locked himself into his library4 ,no one could tell to what his words alluded1 nor did they trouble themselves much to discover2 for every one at once concluded that the shock of his wife's sudden death1 and the discovery of its terrible cause1 had driven him insane4 ,oh1 do run after my master1 sir1 cried the maid2 he has gone into the library1 ,i heard him bang the door4 ,has he got any arms there8 asked ,mr4 ,short1 there used to be pistols at the ,hall4 ,no1 sir1 no1 exclaimed one of the house-maids1 they are not there4 ,they are in his dressing-room out yonder4 ,well1 then1 ,i will leave him alone for the present1 said the surgeon2 here is one who demands more immediate care4 ,poor young lady6 ,if she should discover1 in her present state of grief1 how her mother has died1 and that her hand has been employed to produce such a catastrophe1 it will destroy either her life or her intellect4 ,but who could have done it1 sir8 exclaimed ,lady ,hastings' maid4 ,never you mind that for the present1 said ,mr4 ,short2 ,i have my suspicions2 but they are no more than suspicions at present4 ,you stay with me here1 and let the other woman carry your poor young lady to her room4 ,i will be with her presently1 and will give her what will do her good4 ,one of you1 as soon as possible1 send me up a man-servant--a groom would be best4 ,his orders were obeyed promptly2 for he spoke with a tone of decision and command which the terrible circumstances of the moment enabled him to assume2 although in ordinary circumstances he was a man of mild and gentle character4 ,as soon as poor ,emily was borne away to her own chamber1 ,mr4 ,short turned to the maid again1 inquiring1 ,how long had ,mistress ,hazleton gone when your mistress was seized with these fatal convulsions8 ,about half an hour1 sir1 said the maid4 ,it couldn't have been longer4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton came when my lady was asleep1 and went in alone1 saying she would not disturb her4 ,ha6 cried the surgeon2 was she with her for any time alone8 ,all the time that she staid1 sir1 replied the maid2 for ,i did not like to go in1 and ,mistress ,emily was walking on the terrace up the hill4 ,i suppose then you cannot tell how long ,mrs4 ,hazleton remained alone with your lady before she woke8 ,yes1 ,i can pretty nearly1 sir1 answered the maid1 for though ,mrs4 ,hazleton told me not to come in with her1 and said she would ring when my lady waked1 ,i came after her into the anteroom1 and sat there all the time4 ,for about five minutes1 or it might be ten1 all was quiet enough2 but at the end of that time ,i heard my lady and ,mrs4 ,hazleton begin to speak4 ,you heard no other sounds previously8 asked the surgeon4 ,nothing but the rustle of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's gown1 as she moved about once or twice1 said the maid1 and of that ,i can't be rightly sure4 ,you did not by chance look through the key-hole8 asked ,mr4 ,short4 ,no1 that ,i didn't1 said the maid1 tossing her head1 ,i never did such a thing in my life4 ,well1 well4 ,get me a sheet of paper1 replied the surgeon1 and a pen and ink--oh1 they are here are they8 ,but before he could sit down to write1 a groom crept in through the half-open door1 and received orders from the surgeon to saddle a horse instantly and return4 ,mr4 ,short then sat down and wrote as follows3 ,,mr4 ,,atkinson3--,as you are high constable of ,hartwell1 ,i write as a justice of the peace for the county of ----1 to authorize and require you to follow immediately the carriage of ,the ,honorable ,mistress ,hazleton1 to apprehend that lady and to keep her in your safe custody1 taking care that her person be immediately searched by some proper person1 and that any vials1 bottles1 powders1 or other objects whatsoever bearing the appearance of drugs or medicines1 or of having contained them1 be carefully preserved1 and marked for identification4 ,i have not time or means to fill up a regular warrant2 but ,i will justify you in1 and be responsible for1 whatever you may do to insure that ,mrs4 ,hazleton has no means or opportunity allowed her of concealing or making away with any thing she has carried away from this house1 where ,lady ,hastings has just deceased from the effects of poison4 ,you had better take the fresh horse of the bearer1 and lose not an instant in overtaking the carriage4 ,he then signed his name just as the groom returned2 but ere he gave the man the paper he added in a postscript3 ,you had better search the carriage minutely1 and make any preliminary investigation that you may think fit before ,i arrive4 ,the hints given above will be sufficient for your guidance4 ,take this paper immediately to ,jenny ,best's cottage1 said ,mr4 ,short to the groom4 ,ask if ,mr4 ,atkinson is there4 ,should he be so1 give it to him1 and let him take your horse if he requires it4 ,should you not find him there1 seek for him either at the house of ,mr4 ,dixwell1 or at the farm close by4 ,should he be at neither of those places1 follow him on to his house near ,hartwell at full speed4 ,do you understand8 ,oh1 quite well1 sir1 said the groom1 who was a shrewd1 keen fellow2 and he left the room without more words4 ,when he got down to the hall door1 however1 he thought he might as well know more of his errand1 and read the paper which he had received with the butler and the footman4 ,a brief consultation followed between them1 and not a little horror and anger was excited by the information they had gained from the paper1 for ,lady ,hastings had been well loved by her servants1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton was but little loved by any of her inferiors in station4 ,go you on1 ,john1 as fast as possible1 said the footman4 ,i'll get a horse and come after you as fast as possible with ,harry2 for this grand dame has three servants with her1 and mayn't choose to be taken easily4 ,ay1 come along1 come along1 said the groom2 we'll run her down1 ,i'll warrant1 and hurrying away he got to his horse's back4 ,in the mean time ,mr4 ,short had proceeded to the room of poor ,emily ,hastings1 whom he found recovering from her fainting fit1 and sobbing in the bitterness of grief4 ,oh1 ,mr4 ,short1 she said1 this is very terrible4 ,there surely was something wrong about that medicine1 for my poor mother was taken ill the moment she had swallowed it4 ,she had had the same quantity three times to-day before2 but she said that it tasted strange and unpleasant4 ,it could not surely have been spoiled by keeping so short a time1 and that could not have killed her even if it had been so4 ,pray do examine it4 ,i will1 ,i will1 my dear1 replied ,mr4 ,short kindly1 but ,i don't think the medicine ,i sent could spoil1 and if it did it could have no evil effect4 ,now quiet yourself1 my dear ,mistress ,emily2 ,i am going to give you a draught which will soothe your nerves1 and fit you better to bear all these terrible things4 ,he then had recourse to the little store of medicines he usually carried in his pocket1 and administered first a stimulant and then a somewhat powerful narcotic4 ,for about ten minutes he remained seated by ,emily's bedside with her own maid standing at the foot1 and during that time the poor girl spoke once or twice1 asking anxiously after her father1 and expressing a great desire to go to him4 ,gradually1 however1 her eyelids began to droop1 her sentences remained unfinished1 and1 in the end1 she fell into a deep and profound sleep4 ,she will not wake for six or eight hours1 said ,mr4 ,short1 addressing the maid4 ,but when she does wake it would be better you should be with her1 my good girl4 ,if you like1 therefore1 you can go and take some rest in the meanwhile2 but order yourself to be called at the end of five hours4 ,if you are quite sure that she will remain asleep1 sir1 said the maid1 ,i will lie down1 for ,i am sure sorrow wearies one more than work4 ,she won't wake1 said ,mr4 ,short1 for six hours at least4 ,i will now go and see ,sir ,philip1 and descending the stairs1 he knocked at the door of the library1 thinking that probably he should find it locked4 ,the stern voice of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 however1 said ,come in1 in a wonderfully calm tone2 and when the surgeon entered he found ,sir ,philip seated at the library table1 and apparently reading a ,greek book1 the contents of which ,mr4 ,short could not at all divine4 ,,chapter ,,xlix4 ,i must now follow the groom on his road1 first to the cottage of good ,jenny ,best1 where he learned that ,mr4 ,atkinson had gone away some five minutes before1 and then to the house of the neighboring farm1 where he found the person he sought still seated on his horse1 but talking to the tenant at the door4 ,here1 ,mr4 ,atkinson1 cried the groom as he came up2 here's a note for you from ,mr4 ,short the surgeon--a sort of warrant1 ,i believe2 for he's a justice of the peace1 you know1 as well as a surgeon4 ,read it quick1 ,mr4 ,atkinson1 read it quick2 for it won't keep hot long2 and if that woman isn't caught ,i think ,i'll hang myself4 ,bring us a light1 farmer1 said ,mr4 ,atkinson1 quickly4 ,what is all this about1 ,john8 ,why1 ,madam ,hazleton has poisoned my lady1 and she's as dead as a door nail1 said the groom1 that's all2 and bad enough too4 ,zounds1 ,i thought she'd do some mischief2 she was always so hard upon her horses4 ,good heaven6 exclaimed ,mr4 ,atkinson1 you do not mean to say that she has certainly poisoned ,lady ,hastings8 ,why1 ,mr4 ,short believes it1 and every one believes it1 answered the groom4 ,mr4 ,atkinson might have endeavored to reduce the number comprised in the term every body to its just proportions2 but before he could do so1 the farmer returned with a light shaded from the wind by his hat2 and the good high constable of ,hartwell1 bending over his saddle1 read hurriedly ,mr4 ,short's brief note4 ,what's the matter8 what's the matter8 cried the farmer2 and great was his surprise and consternation to hear that ,lady ,hastings was dead1 and that strong suspicion existed of her having been poisoned by ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,there is a stern1 dogged love of justice1 however1 in the ,english peasant1 which rises into energy and excitement2 and the farmer was instantly heard calling for his horse4 ,zounds1 ,i'll ride with you1 ,atkinson1 he said4 ,this great dame has got so many servants1 she may think fit to set the law at defiance2 but she must be taught that high people cannot poison other people any more than low ones4 ,but you go on2 you go on4 ,i'll catch you up1 perhaps4 ,if not1 ,i'll come in time1 don't you be afraid4 ,i'm going along too1 said the groom1 and two others are coming2 so if her tall men show fight1 ,i think we'll leather their jackets4 ,away they went as fast as they could go1 and to say truth1 ,mr4 ,atkinson was not at all sorry to have some assistance2 for without ever committing any one act which could be characterized as criminal1 unjust1 or wrong1 within the knowledge of her neighbors1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton had somehow impressed the minds of all who surrounded her with the conviction1 that hers was a most daring and remorseless nature4 ,the general world received their impression of her character--and often a false one1 be it good or evil--by her greater and more important actions3 the little circle that surrounds us forms a slower but more certain judgment from minute but often repeated traits4 ,on rode ,mr4 ,atkinson and the groom1 as fast as their horses could carry them4 ,wherever there was turf by the roadside they galloped2 and at the rate of progression made by carriages in that day1 they made sure they must be gaining very rapidly upon the object of their pursuit4 ,when first they set out it was very dark2 but at the end of twenty minutes1 in which period they had ridden somewhat more than four miles1 the edge of the moon began to appear above the horizon1 and her light showed them well nigh another mile on the road before them4 ,still no carriage was in sight1 and the groom exclaimed1 ,dang it1 ,mr4 ,atkinson1 we must spur on1 or she will get home before we catch her4 ,it is impossible to run after any thing without feeling some of the eagerness of the fox-hound1 and it is not to be denied that ,mr4 ,atkinson shared in some degree in the impetuous spirit of the chase with the groom4 ,he said nothing about it1 indeed2 but he made his spurs mark his horse's sides1 and on they went up the opposite slope at a quicker pace than ever4 ,from the top was a very considerable descent into the bottom of the valley1 in which ,hartwell is situated2 but the moon had not yet risen high enough to illuminate more than half the scene1 and darkness1 doubly dark1 seemed to have gathered over the low grounds beneath the eyes of the two horsemen4 ,mr4 ,atkinson thought he perceived some large object below1 moving on towards ,hartwell2 but he could not be sure of it till he had descended some way down the hill1 when the carriage of ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 mounting a little rise into the moonlight1 became plainly visible to the eye4 ,the groom took off his cap and waved it1 saying1 ,tally ho6 but neither he nor his companion paused in their rapid course1 but went thundering down at the risk of their necks1 and of their horses' knees4 ,the carriage moved slowly2 the pursuers went very fast3 and at the end of about four minutes they had reached and passed the two mounted men-servants1 who1 as customary in those days1 rode behind the vehicle4 ,robberies on the highway were by no means uncommon2 so that it was the custom for the attendants upon a carriage to travel armed1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton's two men instantly laid their hands upon the holsters of their pistols1 when those too rapid riders passed them at such a furious pace4 ,mr4 ,atkinson1 however1 was not a man to be easily frightened from anything he undertook1 and wheeling his horse sharply when in a little advance of the coachman1 he exclaimed1 ,in the ,king's name ,i command you to stop4 ,i am ,james ,atkinson1 high constable of ,hartwell4 ,you know me1 sir2 and ,i command you in the ,king's name to stop6 ,why1 ,master ,atkinson1 what is all this about8 cried the coachman4 ,there is nobody but ,mrs4 ,hazleton here4 ,don't you know the carriage8 ,quite well1 replied ,mr4 ,atkinson2 but you hear what ,i say1 and will disobey at your peril4 ,john1 ride round to the other side1 while ,i speak to the lady here4 ,now ,mrs4 ,hazleton had heard the whole of this conversation1 and had there been sufficient light1 ,mr4 ,atkinson1 whose eye was turned towards where she sat1 would have seen her turn deadly pale4 ,it might naturally be supposed that in any ordinary circumstances she would have directed her first attention to the side from which the sounds proceeded2 but so far from that being the case1 she instantly put her hand in her pocket1 and was almost in the act of throwing something into the road1 when ,john the groom presented himself at the window1 and she stopped suddenly4 ,what is it1 ,mr4 ,atkinson8 she exclaimed1 turning to the other window1 and speaking in a tone of high indignation4 ,why do you presume to stop my carriage on the ,king's highway8 ,because ,i am ordered1 ,madam1 by lawful authority1 so to do1 replied ,mr4 ,atkinson4 ,i am sorry1 ,madam1 to tell you that you must consider yourself as a prisoner4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton would fain have asked upon what charge2 but she did not dare1 and for a moment strength and courage failed her4 ,it was but for a moment1 however1 and in the next she exclaimed in a loud and more imperious tone than ever1 ,this is a pretence for robbery or insult4 ,drive on1 coachman4 ,mathew--,rogerson--clear the way6 ,she reckoned wrongly1 however1 if she counted upon any great zeal in her servants4 ,the two men hesitated2 for the ,king's name was a tower of strength which they did not at all like to assail4 ,their mistress repeated her order in an angry tone1 and one of them1 with habitual deference to her commands1 went so far as to cock the pistol which he now held in his hand2 but at that moment the adverse party received an accession of strength which rendered all assistance hopeless4 ,the other two servants of ,sir ,philip ,hastings came down the hill at full speed1 and a gentleman1 followed by a servant1 rode up from the side of ,hartwell1 and addressed ,mr4 ,atkinson by his name4 ,ah1 ,mr4 ,marlow6 said ,mr4 ,atkinson4 ,you come at a very melancholy moment1 sir1 and to witness a very unpleasant scene2 but1 nevertheless1 ,i must require your assistance1 sir1 as this lady seems inclined to resist the law4 ,what is the matter8 asked ,marlow4 ,i hope there is no mistake here4 ,if ,i see rightly this is ,mrs4 ,hazleton's carriage4 ,what is she charged with8 ,murder1 sir1 replied ,mr4 ,atkinson1 who had been a little irritated by the lady's resistance1 and spoke more plainly than he might otherwise have done4 ,the murder of ,lady ,hastings by poison4 ,it was spoken4 ,she heard the words clearly and distinctly4 ,she had been detected4 ,some small oversight--some accidental circumstance--some precaution forgotten--some accidental word1 or gesture1 had betrayed the dark secret1 revealed the terrible crime4 ,it was all known to men1 as well as to ,god1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton sunk back in the carriage overpowered by the agony of detection4 ,oh1 ho2 here come the other men1 said ,mr4 ,atkinson1 as the two servants of ,sir ,philip ,hastings rode up4 ,now1 coachman1 drive on till ,i tell you to stop4 ,you1 ,john1 keep close to the other window1 and watch it well4 ,i will take care of this one4 ,the others come behind4 ,mr4 ,marlow1 you had perhaps better ride with us for half a mile or so2 for ,i must stop at the house of ,widow ,warmington1 as ,i have orders to make a strict search4 ,oh1 take me to my own house--take me to my own house1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 in a faint tone4 ,i dare not venture to do that1 ,madam1 said ,mr4 ,atkinson2 for we are nearly three miles distant1 and accidents might happen by the way which would defeat the ends of justice4 ,i must have a full search made at the very first place where ,i can procure lights4 ,that will be at ,mrs4 ,warmington's2 but she is a friend of your own1 ,madam1 and you will be received there with all kindness4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton did not reply2 and the carriage drove on1 ,mr4 ,atkinson keeping a keen watch upon one window1 and the groom riding close to the other4 ,a few minutes brought them to the house of the shrewd widow1 and the bell was rung sharply by one of the servants4 ,a woman servant appeared in answer to the summons1 and without asking whether her mistress was at home1 or not1 ,atkinson took the candle from her hand1 saying1 ,lend me the light for a moment4 ,i wish to light ,mrs4 ,hazleton into the house4 ,now1 ,madam1 will you please to descend4--,john1 dismount1 and come round here2 assist ,mrs4 ,hazleton to alight1 and come with us on her other side4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton saw that she could not double or turn there4 ,she withdrew her hand from her pocket where she had hitherto held it1 resumed her forgotten air of dignity1 and though1 to say the truth1 she would rather have met her dearest foe in heaven1 than have entered that house so escorted1 she walked with a firm step and dauntless eye1 with the high constable on one side1 and the groom on the other4 ,they shall not see me quail1 she said to herself4 ,they shall not see me quail4 ,i know the worst1 and ,i can meet it--,i have had my revenge4 ,in the mean time1 the maid had run in haste to tell her mistress the marvels of the scene she had just witnessed1 and ,mrs4 ,warmington had gathered enough1 without divining the whole1 to rejoice her with anticipated triumph4 ,the arrest of ,shanks the attorney on a charge of conspiracy and forgery1 had set going the hundred tongues of ,rumor1 few of which had spared the name of ,mrs4 ,hazleton2 and ,mrs4 ,warmington1 at the worst1 suspected that her dear friend was implicated in the guilt of the attorney4 ,that1 however1 was sufficient to give the widow considerable satisfaction1 for she had not forgotten either some coldness and neglect with which ,mrs4 ,hazleton had treated her for some time1 or her impatient and insolent conduct that morning2 and though upon the strength of her plumpness1 and easy manners1 people looked upon ,mrs4 ,warmington as a very good natured person1 yet fat people can be very vindictive sometimes4 ,good gracious me1 my dear1 what is the matter8 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,warmington1 as the prisoner was brought in1 while ,mr4 ,atkinson1 speaking to those behind1 exclaimed1 ,let no one touch or approach the carriage till ,i return4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton made no answer to her dear friend's questions1 and the high constable1 taking a little step forward1 said1 ,i beg pardon1 ,mrs4 ,warmington1 for intruding into your house2 but ,i have been ordered to apprehend this lady1 and to have her person and her carriage strictly searched1 without giving the opportunity for the concealment or destruction of any thing4 ,it seems to me that ,mrs4 ,hazleton has something bulky in that left hand pocket4 ,as ,i do not like to put my hand rudely upon a lady1 may ,i ask you1 ,madam1 to let me see what that pocket contains8 ,without the slightest hesitation1 but with a good deal of curiosity1 ,mrs4 ,warmington advanced at once and took hold of the rich silk brocade of the prisoner's gown4 ,out1 woman6 cried ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 with the fire flashing from her eyes2 and she struck her4 ,but ,mrs4 ,warmington did not quit her hold or her purpose4 ,good gracious1 what a termagant6 she exclaimed1 and at once thrust her right hand into the pocket1 and drew forth the vial which had been sent by the surgeon to ,lady ,hastings4 ,dear me6 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,warmington4 ,why1 this is the very bottle ,i saw you mixing stuff in this morning1 when you seemed so angry and vexed at my coming into the still-room4--,no1 it isn't the same either2 but it was one very like this1 only darker in the color4 ,ha6 said ,mr4 ,atkinson4 ,madam1 will you have the goodness to put a mark upon that bottle by which you can know it again8--,scratch it with a diamond or something4 ,oh1 poor ,i have no diamonds1 said ,mrs4 ,warmington4 ,my dear1 will you lend me that ring8 ,mrs4 ,hazleton gave her a withering glance1 but made no reply2 and ,marlow pointed to two peculiar spots in the glass of the bottle1 saying1 ,by those marks it will be known1 so that it cannot be mistaken4 ,his words were addressed to ,mr4 ,atkinson2 for he felt disgusted and sickened by the heartless and insulting tone of ,mrs4 ,warmington towards her former friend4 ,at the sound of his voice--for she had not yet looked at him--,mrs4 ,hazleton started and looked round4 ,it is not possible to tell the feelings which affected her heart at that moment1 or to picture with the pen the varied expressions1 all terrible1 which swept over her beautiful countenance like a storm4 ,she remembered how she had loved him4 ,perhaps at that moment she knew for the first time how much she had loved him4 ,she felt too1 how strongly love and hate had been mingled together by the fiery alchemy of disappointment1 as veins of incongruous metals have been mixed by the great convulsions of the early earth4 ,she felt too1 at that moment1 that it was this love and this hate which had been the cause of her deepest crimes1 and all their consequences--the awful situation in which she there stood1 the lingering tortures of imprisonment1 the agonies of trial1 and the bitter consummation of the scaffold4 ,oh1 ,marlow1 ,marlow1 she cried--in a tone for the first time sorrowful--to see you mingling in these acts6 ,i have nothing to do with the present business1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 replied ,marlow1 but ,i am bound to say that in consequence of information ,i have procured1 it would have been my duty to have caused your apprehension upon other charges1 had not this1 of which ,i know nothing1 been preferred against you4 ,all is discovered1 madam2 all is known4 ,with a slight clue1 at first1 ,i have pursued the intricate labyrinth of your conduct for the last two years to its conclusion1 and every thing has been made plain as day4 ,you1 ,marlow1 you8 cried ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 fixing her eyes steadfastly upon him1 and then adding1 as he bowed his head in token of assent1 but all is not known1 even to you4 ,you shall know all1 however1 before ,i die2 and perhaps to know all may wring your heart1 hard though it be4 ,but what am ,i talking of8 she continued1 her face becoming suddenly suffused with crimson1 and her fine features convulsed with rage4 ,all is discovered1 is it8 ,and you have done it8 ,what matters it to me1 then1 whose heart is wrung--or what becomes of you1 or me1 or any one8 ,a drop more or less is nothing in the overflowing well4 ,why should ,i struggle longer8 ,why should ,i hide any thing8 ,why should ,i fly from this charge to meet another8 ,i did it--,i poisoned her--,i put the drug by her bedside4 ,it is all true--,i did it all--,i have had my revenge as far as it could be obtained1 and now do with me what you like4 ,but remember1 ,marlow1 remember1 if ,emily ,hastings marries you1 she does it with a mother's curse upon her head--a curse that will fall upon her heart like a milldew1 and wither it for ever--a curse that will dry up the source of all fond affections1 blacken the brightest hours1 and embitter the purest joys--a dying mother's curse6 ,she knows it--she has heard it--it can never be recalled4 ,i have put that beyond fate4 ,ha ha6 ,it is upon you both2 and if you venture to unite your unhappy destinies1 may that curse cling to you and blast you for ever4 ,she spoke with all the vehemence of intense passion1 breaking1 for the first time in life1 through strong habitual self-control2 and when she had done1 she cast herself into a chair1 and covered her eyes with her hands4 ,she wept not2 but her whole frame heaved and shivered1 with the terrible emotion that tore her heart4 ,in the mean time1 ,marlow and ,mrs4 ,warmington and the high constable spoke upon it1 consulting what was to be done with her4 ,the prison system of ,england was at that time as bad as it could be1 and those who condemned and abhorred her the most1 were anxious to spare her as long as possible the horrors of the jail4 ,at length1 after many difficulties1 and a good deal of hesitation1 ,mr4 ,atkinson agreed1 at the suggestion of ,mrs4 ,warmington1 to leave her in the house where she then was1 under the charge of a constable to be sent for from ,hartwell4 ,there was a high upper room from which there was no possibility of escape1 with an antechamber in which the constable could watch1 and there he was determined to confine her till she could be brought before the magistrate on the following day4 ,i must have her thoroughly searched in the first place1 said ,mr4 ,atkinson2 for she may have some more of the poison about her1 and in her present state1 after all she has confessed1 she is just as likely to swallow it as not4 ,however1 ,mr4 ,marlow1 you had better1 ,i think1 ride on as fast as possible to see ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 and tell him what has occurred here4 ,if ,i judge rightly1 your presence will be very needful there4 ,it will indeed1 said ,marlow1 a sudden vague apprehension of he knew not what1 seizing upon him2 ,god grant ,i have not tarried too long already2 and quitting the room1 he sprang upon his horse's back again4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,continued from page #cbg4 ,,two ,,sonnets4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4 ,,truth4 ,for constant truth my aching spirit yearns1 ,and finds no comfort in a glorious cheat2 ,on the firm rock ,i wish to set my feet1 ,and look upon the star that changeless burns2 ,yon gorgeous clouds that in the sunset glow1 ,with fire-wrought domes for angel-palace meet1 ,beneath my gaze their surface beauties fleet2 ,with parting light how dull their splendors grow4 ,i cannot worship vapors1 and the hue ,that on the dove's neck flickers1 as it veers1 ,bewilders1 but not charms me2 whilst the blue ,of the clear sky gives comfort 'mid all fears1 ,and but to think on that unshadowed white1 ,the angels walk in1 makes my dark path bright4 ,,the ,,future4 ,eternal sunshine withers2 constant light ,would make the beauty of the world look wan2 ,the storm that sleeps with dark'ning terror on1 ,leaves verdant freshness where it seemed to blight2 ,most dreary is the land where comes no night1 ,for there the sun is chill1 and slowly drawn ,round the horizon1 spreads a sickly dawn1 ,no promise of a day more warm and bright4 ,bless then the clouds and darkness1 for we can ,discern with awe through them what angel faces ,watch and direct1 and from their holy places ,smile with sublime benignity on man2 ,and dearly cherish sickness1 pain1 and sorrow1 ,as gloomy heralds of a bright to-morrow4 ,v4 ,,the ,,count ,,monte-,,leone3 ,,or1 ,,the ,,spy ,,in ,,society4#c ,,translated ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,h4 ,,de4 ,,st4 ,,georges4 ,,viii4--,,the ,,garret4 ,half demented1 ,monte-,leone left the ,duke's ,hotel4 ,his existence had become a terrible dream1 a hideous nightmare1 every hour producing a new terror and surprise4 ,d',harcourt was gone4 ,he went to find ,von ,apsberg4 ,he at least will speak4 ,he will say something about this atrocious accusation4 ,he will explain the meaning of the perfidious reply of the chief of police4 ,if he repeated this atrocious calumny1 if he persisted in thinking him guilty1 his heart would be open to ,monte-,leone's blows4 ,he would at least crush and bury one of his enemies4 ,a new misfortune awaited him4 ,the doctor was not to be found4 ,the police had occupied the house at the time that the ,vicomte was being arrested4 ,the doctor had beyond a doubt been previously informed of their coming and escaped1 but his papers were seized4 ,all the archives and documents of ,carbonarism fell into the hands of ,m4 ,h----4 ,one might have said some evil genius guided the police and led them in their various examinations into the invisible mines of their prey4 ,furniture1 drawers1 and all were examined4 ,count ,monte-,leone1 when he heard of the disappearance of the ,doctor and of the seizure of his papers1 felt an increase of rage4 ,the discovery of the archives ruined for a long time1 if not for ever1 the prospects of the work to which ,monte-,leone had consecrated his life4 ,the flight of ,matheus also deprived him of any means of extricating himself from the cloud of mystery which surrounded him1 and made futile any hope of vengeance4 ,taddeo alone remained1 and he was protected by the oath he had taken to the ,marquise4 ,one other deception yet awaited him4 ,a devoted member of the ,carbonari1 on the next day1 came to ,monte-,leone's house and informed the ,count that on the day after the ,vicomte's arrest and the escape of ,matheus1 a similar course had been adopted against ,rovero1 who was indebted for his liberty only to information from ,signor ,pignana on the night before the coming of the police4 ,a note from ,aminta told ,monte-,leone of the disappearance of ,rovero4 ,the ,count was then completely at sea1 and he was abandoned by all to a horrible imputation which he could neither avenge nor dispute4 ,he could1 therefore1 only suffer and bide his time4 ,resignation1 doubt1 and delay1 were terrible punishments to his energetic and imperative character4 ,one hope remained1 which1 if realized1 would enable him to contradict all the imputations on his honor4 ,this was1 that he would be able to share the fate of his comrades1 not of ,von ,apsberg and ,taddeo1 who had escaped1 but of those who languished in the cells of la ,force and the ,conciergerie4 ,the ,count knew that the police1 from the perusal of the archives1 must be aware of his position1 and awaited hourly and daily his arrest4 ,this did not take place1 though he perpetually received anonymous letters of the most perplexing and embarrassing character1 charging him1 in the grossest terms of the language1 with being a spy and a traitor to the association to which he had pledged his life and his honor4 ,he resolved at last to play a desperate game--to exhibit an unheard of energy and power4 ,he repudiated the disdainful impunity which apparently was inflicted on him intentionally4 ,he surrendered himself to the police4444 ,while ,count ,monte-,leone acted thus courageously1 the following scene took place in a hotel whither our readers have been previously taken4 ,a man apparently about thirty years old sat pale and downcast at a table1 writing with extreme rapidity4 ,occasionally he rested his weary head on his hand1 and his eyes wandered across the sky which he saw through a trap-window1 so usual in that room of houses known as the garret4#d ,he then glanced on the paper1 and wrote down the inspirations he seemed to have evoked from the abode of angels4 ,he was the occupant of a garret1 which1 though small1 seemed so disguised by taste and luxury that the narrow abode appeared even luxurious4 ,the table at which the writer sat was of ,buhl1 and was ornamented by vases of ,sevres ware4 ,the wooden bedstead was hidden by a silken coverlet1 and a large arm-chair occupied a great portion of the room4 ,on the small chimney-piece of varnished stone was a china vase filled with magnificent flowers from hot-houses1 above which arose a superb camelia4 ,a curtain of blue shut out the glare of the sun4 ,it was easy to see that female taste had presided over the arrangements of this room4 ,a beautiful woman really had done so4 ,the inmate of the room was ,doctor von ,apsberg4 ,the girl of whom we have spoken was ,marie d',harcourt4 ,on the day of ,rene's arrest1 a fortnight before the one we write of1 the ,doctor was alone when the secret panel was opened4 ,pignana suddenly appeared before the ,doctor and told him that his house as well as the ,doctor's was surrounded by suspicious looking people4 ,pignana therefore advised him to go at once4 ,von ,apsberg was about to go to his bureau and take possession of his papers4 ,the police did not allow him time to do so2 they knocked at that very moment at the door and entered the house before ,von ,apsberg had time to leave4 ,it will be remembered that the studio of the ,doctor in which the archives were kept1 was in the third story of the house4 ,matheus was1 therefore1 forced to fly through the opening1 into ,pignana's house1 and with his ear to the wall listened to the noise made by the police1 with thankfulness for the secret passage4 ,he heard a deep voice say1 ,if your ,jacobin ,doctor has escaped1 you shall answer for it4 ,this was said to ,mlle4 ,crepineau4 ,the good maiden swore the ,doctor was absent1 as she thought1 or feigned to think4 ,another voice1 with a deep southern accent1 said the following words1 which the young ,doctor heard with surprise and fear3 ,the one you seek is gone4 ,if1 though1 you would find him1 press that copper nail which you see on the third row of books4 ,you will find the means of his escape into the next house4 ,a cry was heard from the interior of the room4 ,a female voice thus spoke to the man who had just spoken3 ,senor ,munez1 it is abominable for you thus to betray the poor fellows4 ,you are a bad and heartless man4 ,when the ,doctor heard thus revealed the secret of his retreat1 he had pushed through the inner door1 and it was well he did1 for it gave him time to leave the room4 ,the door of the library offered but a feeble resistance1 which was soon overcome1 and ,pignana's house was carefully entered and searched4 ,he at once conceived an idea of a plan of escape4 ,he said to ,pignana1 ,not a word2 but follow me4 ,von ,apsberg1 accompanied by ,pignana1 left the place where they were concealed1 went into the yard1 and proceeded to a shed which was separated from his house by a few badly joined planks4 ,one of these he removed1 passed through the opening1 and stood in an outhouse where he remembered he had once made some anatomical inquiries4 ,but you are going back1 said ,pignana1 you will again fall in the hands of the enemy4 ,you would be a bad general1 ,pignana1 said ,von ,apsberg2 this is a common ruse de guerre1 and is known as a counter-march4 ,these places have been explored by the enemy1 and consequently they will return no more4 ,while the agents are looking where we are not1 we will return where they have been4 ,when night came1 and at this time of the year it was at four o'clock1 ,pignana told his companion of his plan4 ,he purposed to scale the wall of the yard by means of the trellices of the vines4 ,when once on the other side they would be in the garden of the ,duke d',harcourt1 from which the young physician expected to go to the hotel to obtain protection from the ,vicomte4 ,the execution of this plan was easy for one as thin as d',harcourt1 but was impracticable to a person with an abdomen like ,pignana4 ,as soon as night had come1 the latter said to ,von ,apsberg1 ,go through the air1 ,doctor1 if you can4 ,i intend to adopt a more earthly route--through the door of the house1 even if1 much to ,mlle4 ,crepineau's terror1 ,i have the audacity to assume the guise of the suicide1 and terrify her into opening the door for me4 ,besides1 ,i am but slightly compromised1 and will extricate myself4 ,adieu1 then1 ,doctor1 said he1 and good luck to you amid the clouds6 ,von ,apsberg clasped his hand1 hurried from his retreat1 ascended the wall1 passed it1 and a few minutes after was in the ,duke's garden4 ,taking advantage of the darkness he went to the hotel1 every window of which1 to his surprise1 he found closed4 ,he went without being seen to the door of the reception rooms on the ground floor4 ,the window had not been shut since the arrest of the ,vicomte4 ,the ,doctor entered it4 ,at the back of this room was a boudoir a la ,louis ,,xiv41 of rare elegance1 and appropriated to ,marie d',harcourt4 ,amid the darkness he heard a strange sound of sighs and sobs4 ,the ,doctor drew near1 expecting that there was some pain for him to soothe4 ,who is there8 said the ,duke d',harcourt4 ,it is ,i1 my lord1 ,doctor ,matheus4 ,you here1 sir6 said the ,duke2 they told me that1 like my unfortunate son1 you were arrested2 and for the same offence4 ,what say you1 sir8 said ,von ,apsberg1 with deep distress2 ,rene1 dear ,rene1 arrested8 ,yes1 sir1 said the old ,duke2 arrested and torn from his father's arms4 ,yet the blow did not overwhelm me4 ,this1 though1 will take place ere long1 and the executioner's axe will strike father and son at once4 ,a footman appeared with lights1 and the ,doctor saw the whole family weeping4 ,his head rested on ,marie's shoulder1 and the long white hair of the old man was mingled with the young girl's dark locks1 and seemed like the silvery light of the moon resting on her brown hair4 ,the ,duke saw at a glance how the ,doctor participated in all his sorrows1 and how the fate of his son lacerated the heart of his visitor4 ,he gave his hand to the ,doctor4 ,i forgive you1 said he1 the part you have had in my son's error1 when ,i remember how you love him1 and the care you have taken of ,marie4 ,alas6 ,monsieur1 said ,von ,apsberg2 that duty ,i can discharge no longer4 ,the fate of ,rene must be mine1 to-morrow1 to-day1 in a few moments--for ,i came to seek for concealment4 ,if1 though1 he has lost his liberty2 if all his plans are destroyed1 why should ,i any longer contend against misfortune8 ,adieu1 ,duke6 ,i will rejoin ,rene1 share his misfortune1 and defend his life2 if not against men1 at least against the cruel disease which menaces his career4 ,as she heard these words1 the cheeks of ,marie d',harcourt became pale as marble1 and she said1 in tones of deep distress1 ,father1 will you suffer him to go thus8 ,von ,apsberg looked at her with trouble and surprise4 ,no1 my child1 said the ,duke1 the ,doctor will not leave us2 and we will protect him4 ,von ,apsberg then told the bold means by which he had entered the house4 ,no one saw1 said the ,duke1 how you came hither8 ,no one4 ,there is no suspicion8 ,none4 ,assisted by ,marie1 the ,duke contrived a plan for an impenetrable asylum for the ,doctor4 ,in the right wing of the hotel were many rooms intended for servants1 and uninhabited2 for1 since the death of his other sons1 the ,duke had greatly reduced his household4 ,in one of these rooms1 carefully decked and furnished1 by ,marie's care1 ,doctor ,matheus was fixed4 ,the old secretary of the ,duke d',harcourt alone was in the secret1 and this worthy man took charge of the food of the ,doctor1 who saw no one except ,marie and her father4 ,the young girl gradually became bolder1 and touched with pity at the loneliness of the prisoner1 obeyed the dictates of her own heart and went frequently to the young ,doctor's room to be sure that he was in want of nothing4 ,like a consoling angel1 she came with her celestial presence to adorn the captive's retreat1 and restore something of happiness to his heart4 ,von ,apsberg1 who had been for some days left alone1 had reflected deeply on his political opinions and on their consequences4 ,the immense difference between all old principles and the innovating ideas of ,carbonarism caused him to doubt the triumph of the latter2 the great discouragement which ,monte-,leone's apparent treason had produced1 and the fate of his associates1 produced a deep impression on him4 ,amid all these gloomy thoughts1 one fresh and prominent idea reinvigorated his mind1 and gave him ineffable joy4 ,without wishing to analyze his feelings towards ,marie1 the ,doctor was under their influence4 ,he did not dream of ever possessing that aristocratic heart from which he was separated by rank1 birth1 and fortune4 ,the heart of man1 nevertheless1 is so constituted1 that the most honest and loyal man is never exempt from a shadow of egotism4 ,perhaps1 therefore1 in the ,doctor's mind there was a feeble hope of approaching that class whose position he so envied4 ,let this be as it may1 abandoning himself to the luxury of seeing always by his side this beautiful creature1 whose health his care had already revived1 the ,doctor blessed his captivity1 and lived in anxious expectation of the hours when ,marie used to visit him4 ,von ,apsberg possessed that ,platonic heart which enabled him to look on ,marie as a creature of pure poetry4 ,he entertained so respectful a tenderness for the young girl1 that he distrusted her no more than she did him4 ,on the day we found the ,doctor writing in his retreat with such ardor1 he was writing out a regime for his patient4 ,he told her what to do1 and1 as if gifted with prescience1 provided for her future life4 ,if1 said he1 ,i be discovered--if the future have in reserve for the heiress d',harcourt--and his heart felt as if a sharp iron had transfixed it--if a noble marriage separate me from her2 at least in this painful study of her health she will be able to contend against her family disease1 and perhaps will be indebted to me for life1 happy and unsuffering4 ,the idea seemed too much for the strength of the young physician as he saw thus fade before him all hope of a union with ,marie4 ,steps just then were heard outside his room just as he was concluding the sad memoire we have spoken of4 ,the ,doctor1 in obedience to the request of his host1 answered no knock1 and gave no evidence of life1 except at a concerted signal known only to three persons--the ,duke1 his daughter1 and ,d',arbel4 ,therefore he listened4 ,the person who advanced paused for a time before his door1 and then left rapidly as it had come4 ,von ,apsberg1 however1 by means of that lover's intuition1 guessed who it was4 ,the eyes of his heart pierced the opacity of the door1 to enable him to admire the charming angel who had alighted at his door and flown away4 ,before this angel had disappeared from the long corridor which led to the ,doctor's room1 the door was opened1 and he paused to glance at the young girl who was ready to escape4 ,marie returned to the ,doctor1 and advanced slowly towards him4 ,ah6 ,monsieur1 said she to ,matheus1 it is wrong in you not to keep your promise better4 ,you promised my father never to open the door without a signal-- ,why then1 ,mademoiselle1 did you not give the signal8 ,i did not come to see you1 said ,marie2 but ,i brought you books and flowers4 ,i am so afraid you will grow weary in this little room1 where you are always alone and sad4 ,as she spoke1 the angel girl went to the ,doctor's room1 as she would have done to her brother's1 without any hesitation or trouble4 ,she was robed in innocence2 and if her heart beat a little louder than usual then1 the child attributed it entirely to the rapidity with which she had ascended the stairs4 ,the ,doctor took the books and flowers which she had placed at his door1 and put them in the vase on the mantle4 ,he was glad to be able to look away from ,marie's face1 for he felt that his countenance told all he thought4 ,i took the most amusing books from my little library1 said she4 ,one learned as you are1 always immersed in study1 may not approve of my choice4 ,perhaps though1 ,monsieur1 as you read them you will think of your patient-- ,ah6 ,i do so always1 said ,von ,apsberg4 ,i was thinking of you when you came4 ,you were writing1 said ,marie1 as she looked at the sheet ,von ,apsberg pointed out to her4 ,ah6 ,mademoiselle1 ,i wrote for you4 ,you must follow one rule of conduct in relation to your health1 when you are separated from your father--when you are married4 ,married6 said ,mlle4 d',harcourt1 and she grew pale4 ,i never thought of being married4 ,but marry you must4 ,you will marry rich2 and1 ,mlle41 a husband worthy of you4 ,ere long you will have many suitors4 ,monsieur1 said the girl1 our house now is hung with mourning4 ,the life of my brother is in danger1 and my health1 as you said1 is frail and feeble4 ,all this you know is altogether contradictory to what you say4 ,as for myself1 said she1 with an emotion she experienced for the first time1 ,i am happy as ,i now am1 and desire no other position1 ,i must leave you1 though1 added she3 for now my father must have come from the prison where he obtained leave to visit my brother4 ,i am anxious to hear from him4 ,the ,duke and myself will soon tell you about him4 ,light as a vapor1 rapid as a cloud1 the young girl left the ,doctor's room1 to his eyes radiant with the lustre she left behind her4 ,,ix4--,,the ,,conciergerie4 ,eight days after the conversation between ,von ,apsberg and ,marie1 the ,doctor heard a knock at his door4 ,the latter was reading over for the twentieth time one of the books which had been brought him4 ,this book was ,telemachus1 the poetical romance one might have fancied ,homer himself had dreamed of1 and which ,virgil and ,ovid had written--the book in which morals are enwrapped in so dense a covering of flowers1 that a reader often refuses to glance at the serious part of the work1 and pays attention only to the graceful superficies4 ,von ,apsberg1 however1 read the book1 not for its own sake1 but for the sake of her who had given it to him4 ,marie had read every page1 and her hands had turned over every leaf4 ,this fact gave the history of the son of ,ulysses an immense value in the eyes of the young ,doctor1 and made ,telemachus1 not ,fenelon's1 but ,marie d',harcourt's book4 ,the knock at the ,doctor's door was followed by the concerted signal4 ,he opened it1 and saw the ,duke's old secretary4 ,monsieur1 said he1 as the ,duke is absent1 ,i am come to say that ,mlle4 ,marie is ill4 ,i know your care will be useful4 ,she does not1 though1 send for you1 being too feeble to come up stairs1 and afraid to ask you to come down4 ,monsieur d',arbel1 let no one into the hotel2 and tell ,mlle4 ,i will visit her4 ,she will see you1 ,monsieur1 in the window next to the drawing-room4 ,i will send the servants out of the way1 so that you can see ,mlle4 ,marie without fear of discovery4 ,all the ,secretary's arrangements were carried out1 and a few minutes after ,matheus waited on his fair patient4 ,she was ill4 ,since her conversation with the ,doctor1 her health had really changed4 ,something mental seemed to influence it4 ,her complexion1 sullied by the tears she had shed since her brother's arrest1 was faded1 and a flush was visible on her cheeks alone4 ,these symptoms made the ,doctor unhappy4 ,he1 therefore1 approached ,marie with great uneasiness4 ,she said3 ,how kind you are1 ,doctor1 to risk your liberty3 ,i could not otherwise have seen you4 ,i have not strength enough4 ,i will try soon to confer it on you1 if ,god grants me power to attend to you4 ,i shall die1 said she with an anxious voice1 which penetrated the ,doctor's very heart1 if you cannot4 ,for your sake1 said ,matheus1 ,i will defend my liberty by every means in my power1 for ,i wish to restore your health1 and preserve an existence indispensable to your father's happiness4 ,how ,i suffer1 said ,marie1 placing her hand on her snowy brow4 ,i have an intense pain1 which passes from temple to temple1 and gives me much suffering4 ,do you sleep well8 asked ,matheus4 ,no1 no1 for many days ,i have not slept1 or if ,i have1 phantoms have flitted across my slumbers4 ,she blushed as she spoke4 ,this the ,doctor did not see1 for he was searching out a remedy4 ,well1 said he1 ,i think we must use a remedy which has hitherto succeeded4 ,magnetism will enable you to sleep1 and perhaps will soothe your sufferings4 ,rising1 then1 he placed his hand on the patient's brow1 as he had done a few months before when the ,marquise had experienced such good effects from it4 ,he placed his hands on the young girl's temples1 and then made passes across her face1 the result of which was that she sank softly to sleep4 ,the state of somnambulism ensued1 and ,marie unfolded the condition of her heart to the young physician4 ,while he was thus engaged the ,duke entered4 ,you here1 ,doctor8 said he2 how imprudent6 ,she was suffering1 said the physician2 now she sleeps4 ,the ,duke thanked ,von ,apsberg for his care1 but seemed to centre all his hope in the young ,doctor1 as the sailor devotes himself to the lord of storms and waves4 ,now1 though1 every word the ,duke said seemed a reproach4 ,he shuddered as he thought of the confessions of ,mlle4 d',harcourt1 and asked himself if he participated in her sentiments or had suffered her to divine his4 ,all his delicacy and loyalty revolted from the idea that this confession would cost the unfortunate father the life of his daughter4#e ,von ,apsberg saw that henceforth it would be impossible for him to remain longer at the ,duke's hotel1 and that it would be criminal to remain with one the secret thoughts of whom he knew4 ,he1 therefore1 made up his mind to speak to the ,duke4 ,just then ,marie1 who had been for some time free from any magnetic influence1 awoke calm and smiling4 ,how deliciously ,i have slept1 said she2 how well ,i am6 ,the ,duke kissed her affectionately4 ,he said1 ,all this you owe to the ,doctor2 and ,i thank heaven amid our misfortunes that he has been preserved to us4 ,i am glad ,i have been able to rescue him from his persecutors1 and preserve my daughter's health by means of his own watchful care4 ,marie gave the ,doctor her hand4 ,the young girl did not remember what she had said while she slept4 ,this slumber of the heart1 however1 could not last1 and the young ,doctor knew it4 ,he resolved on the painful sacrifice which1 but for the waking of his patient1 he would at once have communicated to the ,prince4 ,the reflections of the night confirmed the ,doctor in the course he had resolved to adopt4 ,on the next day he put on a long cloak1 which disguised his stature1 and went to the room of the ,duke1 after having also put on a wig which ,rene often wore when he visited ,matheus1 and which the ,duke had sent for to enable him in case of a surprise to leave unrecognized4 ,the distress of the ,duke at the ,vicomte's imprisonment increased every day4 ,he had only once been able to reach his son1 and had contrived to inspire the captive with hopes of liberty he was far from entertaining himself4 ,the ,vicomte was actively watched1 and his most trifling actions were observed4 ,ever alone in the sad cell in which he had been confined1 ennui and despair took possession of him1 and his brilliant mind1 to which mirth and activity had been indispensable1 became downcast and miserable4 ,since the visit of his father1 also1 his delicate chest had begun to suffer4 ,what the ,doctor especially apprehended for his friend was the possibility of cold and dampness producing a dangerous irritation of the respiratory organs4 ,this took place2 for nothing could be more humid and icy than the cell of ,rene4 ,he had a dry and incessant cough4 ,the keepers paid no attention to it1 and the keeper of the ,conciergerie treated it as a simple cold of no importance4 ,the ,vicomte was unwilling to inform his father of it lest he should be uneasy1 and the mere indisposition rapidly became a serious and terrible disease4 ,this was the state of things when ,von ,apsberg presented himself before the ,duke4 ,what is the matter8 said the old man4 ,are you discovered and forced to leave us8 ,duke1 said the ,doctor1 let me first express my deepest thanks for your generous hospitality4 ,let me tell you how much your kindness has soothed the cruel suffering to which ,i have been subjected day and night for three weeks4 ,i would1 had it not been for your kindness1 have weeks ago shared the captivity of ,rene2 and the hope ,i entertained of being of use to your daughter1 alone prevented me from surrendering myself to despair at the prospect of a crushed and prospectless life1 when ,i saw my brethren arrested in consequence of one whom ,i had always looked on as a devoted friend4 ,do not speak to me of that man1 said the ,duke in a terrible tone1 for my son1 in my presence1 charged him with having betrayed him4 ,i have spoken to you of my gratitude1 said the ,doctor1 that you might not doubt it now at our separation4 ,what danger now menaces you8 said the ,duke1 why do you leave us8 ,to avoid being ungrateful1 said ,von ,apsberg4 ,that you may never accuse your guest of selfishness1 and that he may always deserve the esteem with which you honor him4 ,what is the meaning of this mysterious language8 ,grant me1 said the young physician1 with a trembling voice1 the boon of being permitted to keep the cause of my departure a secret4 ,you would be as sorry to hear as ,i would be to tell you4 ,no1 said the old man1 ,i will not consent to this4 ,you shall not quit the house which shelters you from your enemies3 no1 you shall not4 ,ah6 sir1 continued the ,duke1 if you will not remain for your own sake do so for mine1 for you alone have preserved the life of my daughter thus far4 ,the ,doctor said1 as he gave a paper to the ,duke3 ,here is the result of my study1 in which ,i have traced out all the means known to science calculated to strengthen the health of your daughter1 and to parry the dangers which menace her4 ,doctor1 said the ,duke1 do not distress me by leaving the hotel4 ,do not make me perpetually miserable1 ,doctor1 ,i am already unfortunate enough4 ,well1 said the young man1 unable to resist his prayers any longer1 you shall know what forces me to go1 and shall yourself judge of my duty4 ,he fell at the ,duke's feet1 and told him all he had learned during ,marie's slumber1 his combats with himself1 and his resolution4 ,you are an honest man1 said the ,duke1 with an expression of poignant grief1 and lifting him up3 but ,i am a most unfortunate father4 ,d',asbel just then came in with a letter4 ,from my son1 said the ,duke1 and he opened it4 ,the features of the old man assumed1 as he read1 such an expression of terror1 that ,von ,apsberg and the ,secretary advanced towards him and sustained him1 for he seemed ready to faint4 ,read1 said he1 with a voice half indistinct1 and he gave the ,doctor the letter4 ,it was as follows3 ,,my ,,dear ,,father3--,i can conceal no longer that ,i am dying4 ,one man alone1 who has often soothed me by his care and advice1 can now save me4 ,this is ,von ,apsberg4 ,i cannot1 though1 ask him to accompany you1 for he would endanger his own liberty4 ,come1 then1 dear father1 to see me for the last time4 ,let us go1 sir1 said the ,doctor4 ,let us not delay a minute1 for in an hour--it may be too late4 ,but you expose your life1 ,doctor1 by going among your enemies1 said the ,duke4 ,but ,i will save his1 said ,von ,apsberg4 ,the ,duke rushed into his arms4 ,half an hour afterwards two men entered the ,conciergerie4 ,they were the ,vicomte's father and an ,english doctor whom the ,duke brought to see his son4 ,the ,director of the prison did not dare to refuse a father and physician permission to see a sick son and patient4 ,with the turnkeys they passed an iron grate1 beyond which was seen a vaulted passage1 which1 in the darkness1 seemed interminable4 ,on the inner side of the grate sat a morose looking man1 whom nature seemed to have created exclusively to live in one of these earthly hells4 ,his only duty was to open and shut the grate1 to which he seemed as firmly attached as one of its own bars4 ,his duty was not without danger1 for in case of a mutiny1 the ,cerberus had orders to throw on the outside the heavy key he was intrusted with1 and thus expose himself1 without means of escape1 to the rage of the criminals4 ,they showed this man their pass4 ,the key turned in the lock1 and the grate permitted them to enter4 ,it then swung to1 filling the vaulted passage with its clash4 ,near this was a dark room1 in which were several dark-browed jailers and gend'armes4 ,the ,duke and the ,doctor were minutely examined4 ,one of them1 whose features hidden by a dirty cap might recall one of the persons of this history1 left the group1 opened the grate1 and disappeared rapidly1 just as a new jailer guided the visitors to a long corridor in one of the cells1 on opening which was the ,vicomte ,d',harcourt4 ,on a miserable pallet1 in a kind of dark cellar1 into which the day seemed to penetrate reluctantly1 through a grated window1 was ,rene ,d',harcourt1 the last hope of an illustrious house1 without air or any of the attentions his situation demanded4 ,the ,duke wept to see him4 ,rene1 with hollow cheeks1 and eyes sparkling with a burning fever1 arose with pain and extended his arms to his father1 who embraced him tenderly4 ,fifteen days had expanded his disease1 the germs of which had long slept in his system4 ,the bad air and icy dew1 amid which he lived1 the absence of constant and vigilant care1 in such cases so indispensable1 had1 as it were1 conspired against him4 ,a violent and dry cough every moment burst from his chest1 and at every access his strength seemed more and more feeble4 ,had he sooner informed his father of his condition1 beyond doubt1 some active remedy would have been used1 not for pity's sake1 for at that time little was shown to conspirators1 but from fear of the liberal press1 whose censure the administration dreaded4 ,rene1 however1 was too disdainful of the persons he called his executioners to ask any favors4 ,the physician of the prison1 as we have said1 was satisfied with ordering a few trifling palliatives4 ,the ,vicomte was dying without his even being aware of it4 ,when the turnkey had introduced the ,duke and the ,englishman he left1 telling them that in a few minutes he would return4 ,then the ,vicomte saw that a stranger was with his father4 ,the latter approached1 and taking the young man's hand pressed it to his heart with an affection which told the prisoner who visited him4 ,von ,apsberg6 ,ah6 father1 ,i knew he would come4 ,be silent1 dear ,rene2 be silent1 said the ,doctor1 for your sake and mine4 ,forget that ,i am your friend1 and remember me only as a doctor4 ,tell me how you suffer4 ,speak quick1 for time is precious4 ,tell me nothing--and do not exhaust yourself in describing--what is plain enough1 ,i am sorry to say4 ,i see1 ,i read in your eyes1 what is your condition4 ,to hide his tears ,von ,apsberg looked away4 ,a father's heart though could not be deceived1 and the ,duke had seen the ,doctor's tears4 ,the old man said1 ,save1 ,doctor1 save my son4 ,von ,apsberg made an effort to surmount the grief which overcame him4 ,we will save him1 said he1 calmly2 there is a remedy for such cases1 which in a few hours will terminate the progress of the malady1 and enable us to adopt other means4 ,he took a card from his pocket and wrote a prescription1 which he ordered to be sent immediately to the nearest apothecary4 ,he yet had the card in his hand when the door of the cell was violently thrown open1 and several men accompanied by gend'armes rushed in and seized the ,doctor4 ,arrest him1 said an officer4 ,it is he1 the ,german physician whom we have so long sought for4 ,he has been recognized4 ,nothing could equal the effect of this scene4 ,the ,vicomte made useless attempts to leave his bed and assist his friend4 ,the ,duke was pale and agitated2 and ,von ,apsberg1 calm and resigned1 gave himself up to the men who surrounded him4 ,in anxiety for ,rene he had forgotten himself4 ,gentlemen1 said he1 you may do as you please with me1 but1 for heaven's sake1 let me remain a few moments with this young man1 and one of you hurry for this prescription ,i have written4 ,a paper1 said the principal agent with joy1 when he saw what ,von ,apsberg had in his hand4 ,it is1 perhaps1 a plan of escape4 ,this must be taken to the ,director for the ,procureur du ,roi4 ,another scheme1 perhaps1 of the ,jacobin has come to light---- ,he put the paper in his huge pocket4 ,take this man away1 said he to the gens d'armes1 and do not let him speak a word to the prisoner4 ,rushing on ,von ,apsberg like famished wolves1 they bore him away1 and left the ,duke alone with his son4 ,the shock had done the prisoner much injury4 ,he sunk back on his bed with a violent cough1 and felt a mortal coldness glide over his frame and chill his blood4 ,a doctor1 a doctor1 said the ,duke1 rushing towards the door4 ,a physician1 for heaven's sake4 ,my son is dying4 ,the door did not close4 ,the poor father leaning over his child pressed his lips to his burning brow1 and then supported his head1 from time to time attempting to warm his icy hands with his breath4 ,he continued to call in heaven's name for a physician4 ,half an hour after ,von ,apsberg's arrest1 and while the ,duke yet pressed his son's inanimate body1 three men appeared in the room4 ,they were the ,director1 ,doctor1 and ,jailer of the prison4 ,monsieur1 said the ,duke to the ,director1 rising to his full stature1 and with a tone of painful solemnity1 you are an accomplice in a great crime1 and before the country and king1 ,i1 ,duke d',harcourt1 peer of ,france1 and grand cordon of the ,saint ,esprit1 will accuse you4 ,what mean you1 sir8 said the ,director1 with a terror he could not conceal4 ,of what do you complain8 ,that you have placed in a cell1 without air and light1 as if he were sentenced to death1 a man against whom there is now a mere suspicion2 for he has not been tried4 ,i complain that you have wrested from me a physician ,i have brought hither to attend to my son--and that with horrible brutality you have taken possession of a prescription for a remedy which might have preserved him1 and have by this means deprived him of life4 ,the ,duke spoke but too truly1 for a kind of suffocation took possession of the young man4 ,his breast seemed oppressed1 and every sign of death was visible4 ,the ,director muttered some apology in defence of himself1 but the ,duke said1 ,not another word here1 sir2 accomplish your task in peace2 or at least1 give me back the paper4 ,it is the life of my son---- ,as the ,director was about to go in person for it1 the ,doctor called him back and pointed to the patient over whose countenance death began to steal4 ,he said1 ,it is too late6 ,the ,vicomte arose with difficulty and said1 ,father1 forgive me the wrong ,i have done4 ,forgive me1 as ,i forgive others4 ,no1 no1 not so2 for there is one person ,i cannot forgive6 ,he looked around with an expression of intense hatred and contempt4 ,he has ruined and destroyed me1 and all of us2 he has delivered us to our enemies1--that man1 hear all of you1 is ,count ,monte-,leone6 ,his head sank on his breast1 and his last breath mingled with the kisses of his father4 ,i have no son6 said the old man in despair2 and he sank by the side of the child ,god had taken away from him4 ,x4--,,the ,,confession4 ,as we have seen in a previous chapter1 ,count ,monte-,leone went to the ,prefect of ,police to surrender himself to his enemies4 ,the ,count did not hesitate1 for he preferred a sudden and cruel death to the intolerable life he now led4 ,the ,prefect was as civil as possible1 and altogether different from what he would have been three days before to a person pointed out as one of the agents4 ,the reason was1 that after the energetic protestation of the ,count in the presence of ,m4 ,h---- at the ,duke d',harcourt's1 grave doubts had arisen in the mind of the chief of the political police in relation to the services said to have been rendered by the ,neapolitan4 ,making use then of the police itself1 and causing the man who said he was an agent of the ,count's to be watched1 his conviction of the non-participation of ,monte-,leone in the treachery became almost certain1 and he began to tremble at the idea that he had been made a dupe in this affair1 and at the probable consequences4 ,the first of these was the fear of ridicule1 that powerful instrument against a police2 next1 the just recrimination to which the ,count might subject them as having slandered him2 and the capital error of having left at liberty the most powerful of the ,carbonari in ,europe1 under the belief that he was an ally of the ,government--to which he was a mortal foe4 ,all this crowd of faults ,h---- had committed in his blind confidence1 and had led astray the police and all the agents4 ,thus uneasy1 the ,chief of ,police saw that but one course of safety was left him4 ,this was both bold and adroit1 for it foresaw danger and prepared a conductor to turn its thunders aside4 ,h---- went to the ,prefect and owned all4 ,the first anger of the latter having passed away1 the two chiefs saw with terror that they were equally compromised--the one for acting1 and the other for suffering his subordinate to act4 ,they1 therefore1 adopted the only course left them1 ,machiavelian it is true1 but which extricated them from a great difficulty4 ,this course was1 to deny all participation in the malicious reports circulated in relation to the ,count1 but to suffer the public to imagine what it pleased1 and attribute their inaction to carelessness for the result1 or to the mystery necessary to be observed in police matters4 ,count ,monte-,leone1 too1 since the arrest of his accomplices1 and the discovery of his friends1 was not greatly to be feared1 especially as he was now repelled by society as a double traitor4 ,two things alone disturbed ,h----4 ,the first was the course of the strange man who had used the ,count's name to unveil so completely the plans of the conspiracy4 ,he1 however1 was soon restored to confidence by remembering that he was now strictly carrying out this man's plans4 ,besides1 in case of need1 there were a thousand methods of securing this man's eternal silence4 ,as for the pass in ,monte-,leone's name1 which might be a terrible arm in the possession of the ,count in case he attacked the ,government1 ,h----learned much to his satisfaction1 from ,salvatori himself1 that it had been destroyed4 ,the ,prefect1 therefore1 did not hesitate to receive the ,count4 ,sir1 said the latter1 a horrible slander is circulated against me4 ,in disregard of my character and name ,i have been charged with being one of your agents1 and beg you to contradict this4 ,the ,prefect says your honor is above any such suspicion1 and ,i should fear ,i injured you even by referring to so idle a tale4 ,but one of your principal officers has given credit to this rumor by the perfidious reply he made a few days since1 when the ,vicomte d',harcourt was arrested4 ,the ,prefect rang his bell and sent for ,m4 ,h----4 ,when the latter arrived1 he asked him1 sternly1 if he had seemed to believe that ,count ,monte-,leone had any participation in the acts of the ,police4 ,h---- said1 ,the ,count is in error1 if he understood me thus4 ,i did not believe that his self-accusation was true1 for ,i could not realize that one so exalted in rank as the ,count1 could be guilty of conspiracy4 ,i had no idea of insulting him1 as he thinks4 ,were it not likely to give the affair too much gravity1 ,i would every where repel it4 ,this amazed the ,count4 ,his mind1 which seemed to give way beneath so many blows1 had looked on this man's reply as an answer4 ,the object of this perfidy yet escaped him2 and reason and good sense could form no idea of the motive4 ,you see1 ,count1 said the ,prefect1 all think you so far above the calumny of which you complain1 that we would not dare even to defend you2 the character of the department makes it impossible for us to mix in discussions about reputations4 ,i have already asked this gentleman1 and the ,count pointed to ,m4 ,h----1 to furnish a striking proof that ,i am not the creature they say ,i am4 ,i now ask you the same favor4 ,the two officials were annoyed4 ,i am as guilty as those you have arrested1 continued he1 and demand a fate like that of my associates4 ,the ,prefect said1 ,i never act except from the orders of a higher authority1 and have none in relation to you4 ,i prefer to think that your devotion to those you call your associates has caused you to exaggerate your complicity1 and when that is proven you will find us just and stern to yourself1 as we have been to them4 ,the ,prefect bowed and returned to his private office1 and the ,count left in indescribable agitation4 ,he was deprived of his last justification1 of one he wished to buy at the price of his life4 ,his rage and despair had no limits4 ,he was to experience a new shock in the death of ,vicomte d',harcourt1 which was circulated through all ,paris4 ,he also heard that the ,duke charged him with being the cause of his death1 and with having denounced him4 ,we will now leave our hero for a few moments1 to refer to a terrible event which at this crisis overwhelmed the ,royal family and ,france with grief4 ,this circumstance1 yet enwrapped in mystery1 was the death of the ,duke de ,berry4 ,this ,prince1 the hope of ,france1 expiring in the spring time of life beneath the dagger of a vulgar assassin2 the obscurity which covered the details of the murder distressed all ,europe4 ,there was a general outcry against secret societies4 ,the one1 the chief members of which were now in prison1 was especially thought guilty of having instigated the murder4 ,the chiefs of the ,carbonari ventas saw their chains grow heavier and their prisons become dungeons4 ,ober1 the banker ,f----1 ,general ,a----1 and ,von ,apsberg1 were not spared3 their papers were examined1 their past life scrutinized in search of some connection with this odious murder4 ,the trial of the ruffian was anxiously waited for1 in the hope that something would connect him with ,carbonarism4 ,nothing1 however1 was found in the whole of the long and minute examination2 and it soon became evident that the crime had been committed by a fanatic who was isolated1 without adherents1 instigators1 or accomplices4 ,thus at least ,france thought of the result of the trial4 ,this was the impression produced by the execution of ,louvel4 ,the liberals1 who had been for a time terrified by the reports circulated in relation to their partisans1 began to regain their courage1 and1 fortified by their acquittal1 complained of the calumnies circulated in relation to them4 ,the first reproach cast on ,government1 and especially on the ministry of ,decazes1 was great injustice towards the ,carbonari4 ,the ministry was accused of having invented a conspiracy and conspirators--questions of political humanity were mooted--and true or imaginary tortures1 to which the prisoners had been subject1 were recounted4 ,french generosity and pity became interested for the sake of victims who languished in chains4 ,one voice1 though1 was heard above all others1 and spoke so distinctly1 that it touched every heart and mind4 ,it reached the very throne1 and aroused one of those powerful influences which truth alone can4 ,this voice was that of the ,duke d',harcourt--a king in virtue and feeling4 ,his word was a law people of every shade of opinion listened to1 in consequence of the admiration caused by his life and conduct4 ,the ,duke1 who was entitled to sympathy from the successive death of his sons1 accused those who had taken the last from him of barbarity4 ,he told of the death of the ,vicomte while suspected of a crime which perhaps was imaginary2 and in the sublime tones of his despair uttered loud charges against the fallen administration4 ,the new one trembled before a unanimous sentiment1 and sought to win popularity from clemency4 ,this sentiment1 which in ,louis ,,xviii4 was innate1 his ministers echoed4 ,one by one the prisons were opened and their sad inmates restored to life and light4 ,the chief ,carbonari were less fortunate than their followers4 ,their trial progressed1 and though many abortive schemes were discovered1 no act was found4 ,there were ideas1 utopias1 and social paradoxes1 but nothing positive4 ,f----1 ,b----1 ,ober and their associates1 whose friends acted busily1 were subjected to some months' imprisonment1 which1 added to their previous incarceration1 seemed to their judges a sufficient punishment for their hopes1 which1 though criminal1 had never been realized4 ,general ,a---- was exiled1 and ,von ,apsberg was detained for a long time in the conciergerie4 ,he was ultimately released4 ,as for ,taddeo1 all the inquiries of ,aminta and of the ,prince de ,maulear1 who loved him as a son1 were vain4 ,every day increased their uneasiness on this account1 bringing to light the disappointment of some hope4 ,thus a year passed4444 ,early in ,april1 #ahba1 a man of about forty sat on a bench in a little garden attached to a modest country abode near ,neuilly4 ,the garden was on the ,seine1 which was the limit of a kind of town4 ,the man of whom we speak was almost bent beneath the double weight of grief and suffering4 ,his features were sharp and thin1 his eyes sunken1 and his hair1 almost white1 gave him the appearance of one far more advanced in age4 ,in this person prematurely old and wretched1 none would have recognized the brilliant and elegant ,count ,monte-,leone1 who once had been so deservedly admired4 ,a deep sorrow had crushed his strong constitution--months to him had become years--and he had suffered all that a mind1 richly endowed as his was1 could4 ,pursued by the atrocious slanders we refer to1 he had given way beneath the blow4 ,in vain had he striven for some time after his useless visit to the ,prefect against them4 ,the hideous monster which pursued him redoubled its attacks1 and cries of reprobation burst from every lip4 ,the relations and friends of the prisoners reproached him1 and adversity seemed to have seized him with its iron claw4 ,in vain did he protest and call for proof4 ,all appealed to the circumstances4 ,his many duels made people say in his favor only this1 ,brave as he is1 he is a spy6 ,despair1 then1 took possession of him1 and he fled from the world which cursed him1 and hid himself4 ,one reason alone restrained him from suicide4 ,this was1 that he knew another life depended on his1 and clung to it as the ivy does to the oak4 ,the ,count lived that another might not die4 ,this person was an angel rather than a woman4 ,it was ,aminta4 ,watching the unfortunate man as a mother watches a child1 braving the public opinion which dishonored him she adored1 ,aminta rarely left the ,count1 whose tears fell on her heart like burning lava4 ,the ,marquise had purchased an establishment near the house of ,monte-,leone1 with whom she passed all her time2 for her visits made his desolate heart more serene4 ,on the day we speak of1 the ,count sat in the garden1 and old ,giacomo advanced towards him1 taking care to announce himself with a slight cough4 ,monseigneur1 said he1 it is ,i1 your intendant4 ,i am come to speak to you4 ,i have no intendant1 said the ,count1 a miserable outlaw like myself can indulge in no such luxury4 ,do not call me ,monseigneur2 the title now is become an ironical insult4 ,it1 however1 is your excellency's name1 and that the slanderous villains cannot deprive you of4 ,they have done more than that1 said the ,count1 with a bitter smile2 they have destroyed my honor4 ,you shall not call me thus any longer4 ,very well1 said the good man1 whom the ,marquise had told not to thwart his master2 ,i will call ,monseigneur1 ,count only4 ,you are ,monseigneur1 for all that4 ,enough1 said the ,count1 go away1 you fatigue me1 you injure me4 ,i injure you1 said ,giacomo1 when you know ,i would die for you8 ,the ,count looked around on the companion of all his life2 he saw the tears the old man shed1 and threw himself into his arms4 ,ah6 you love me in spite of all-- ,and so does she1 said ,giacomo1 whose features became kindled with pleasure at this sudden exhibition of his master's love2 yes1 that noble1 true woman loves you dearly4 ,aminta6 said the ,count1 ah6 but for her you would have no master4 ,monseigneur1--no--,count6 said the old valet2 ,madame la ,marquise has come hither4 ,let her come--let her come--when she is with me1 ,i pass my only happy hours4 ,true1 said ,giacomo1 but she is not alone-- ,who accompanies her8 ,who has come to see the informer8 ,who dares to brave the leprosy8 ,the old man said1 ,the ,prince de ,maulear4 ,the ,prince6 ,the ,prince in my house6 ,no1 no6 ,tell him to go1 that ,i see no one6 ,i will see no one-- ,you will see me1 ,monsieur8 said the old nobleman1 advancing with ,aminta on his arm4 ,what do you wish1 sir8 said ,monte-,leone2 if you insult me again1 you are indeed cruel4 ,monte-,leone1 said ,aminta1 the ,prince is your friend4 ,his words will be of service2 ,i brought him hither4 ,the ,count sank on his seat and was silent4 ,count1 said the ,prince1 had ,i not been confined at one of my estates for eight months by an obstinate gout1 you would have seen me long since4 ,ah6 said the ,count1 with surprise4 ,you would have seen me brought to you by repentance for the injury ,i did you4 ,i gave way1 ,monte-,leone1 to an indignant feeling ,i shall regret all my life4 ,reflection has enlightened me4 ,the account ,i have heard from my daughter-in-law1 the resources which you concealed1 and especially your despair1 the wasted condition of your health1 the ravages of your misery1 her love1 her respect1 have long told me how unjust ,i was to you4 ,the ,count looked at the ,prince with mingled astonishment and doubt4 ,the ,prince said1 ,as men of our rank are glad to confess their faults1 and ask pardon for them1 ,i beg you1 sir1 to forgive me4 ,the ,prince bowed to ,monte-,leone1 who seemed overcome by emotion4 ,taking the ,prince's hand he placed it on his heart and said1 ,now1 sir1 feel this palpitation1 and tell me whether the heart of a bad or guilty man ever beat thus with joy1 at justice being done him4 ,from this day ,monte-,leone enjoyed two of the greatest pleasures of life--a tender love1 and a noble friendship4444 ,a month after the first visit of the ,prince de ,maulear to the house at ,neuilly1 the following scene took place in a sad room of the rue ,casette in the ,faubourg ,st4 ,germain4 ,a sick woman lay on a bed1 and a stern dark man sat beside her4 ,i tell you1 said she1 ,i want a priest1 and it is cruel for you to refuse me one4 ,bah6 ,signora1 you are not sick enough for that4 ,why have a confidant in our affairs8 ,confession is of no use except to the dying6 ,i am very sick1 said she1 and my strength every day decreases6 ,well1 let us come to terms1 then1 ,duchess4 ,you shall have a priest--but you do not intend to make your confession only to him1 ,i know4 ,your old ideas again1 ,stenio6 said ,la ,felina4 ,they are not my ideas4 ,did you not say once when you were very sick1 ',no1 ,i will not die until ,i am completely avenged4 ,i wish to know whence came the shaft which crushed him4 ,i wish him to curse me as ,i have cursed him6' ,true6 said the ,duchess1 who1 as she listened to the ,italian1 seemed lost in thought4 ,it is true1 ,i said all that4 ,well1 the time is come4 ,you fear you are dying1 and would not leave your work incomplete6 ,but if ,i tell all1 said ,la ,felina1 do you fear nothing for yourself8 ,that man is now but a shadow1 said ,salvatori1 and now in my strong hand ,i can grasp him1 as he once grasped me1 with his iron nerves1 when he stabbed me4 ,besides1 no one would believe him4 ,is he not a spy8 ,the first words of the ,italian1 ,that man is but a shadow1 had arrested ,la ,felina's attention4 ,she said1 ,is he much changed8 is he very sick8 ,she could not restrain her accent4 ,he8 yes1 indeed2 he is dying4 ,public contempt has completely crushed the proud giant4 ,we have effected that4 ,besides1 continued he1 in order to make a suitable return for the touching interest you inspired me with just now1 ,i must tell you ,i am going4 ,you have made me rich1 and if ,i were so unfortunate as to lose you--,ah1 words never kill1 added he1 as he saw how terrified ,la ,felina was--,i would not remain an hour in this accursed country4 ,very well1 said she2 give me writing materials4 ,she wrote a few lines with a trembling hand4 ,to the ,count1 said she1 giving them to ,salvatori2 ,i expect him to-morrow4 ,very well1 said the ,italian1 sternly4 ,this will kill him4 ,scarcely had he left the room when ,la ,felina rang her bell1 and the servant who had always accompanied her entered4 ,the ,duchess drew her towards her1 and placing her lips close to the ear of the woman1 as if she was afraid some one would hear her1 whispered a few words and sank back completely exhausted4 ,such was the ,duchess of ,palma1 the famous singer of ,san ,carlo1 whom we find dying in this unknown and obscure retreat4 ,the hand of ,god1 who does not always punish the soul of the criminal alone1 but who sometimes strikes the living body1 weighed heavily on her4 ,the ,duke1 weary of the ties imposed by marriage on him1 and becoming more and more infatuated with his thin danseuse1 sought for an opportunity to throw off his chains4 ,he soon found one4 ,feigning to be jealous1 the ,duke1 in consequence of some vague rumors1 obtained the key of the bureau in which the ,duchess kept the confessions of the heart1 as she called the detail of her brief amour with ,monte-,leone4 ,having gotten possession of this paper1 the ,duke made a great noise1 threatened her with a suit1 and easily obtained the separation he desired so much4 ,there was a general burst of indignation4 ,the nobles who had been furious at the mesalliance of the ,duke1 were more so at the ingratitude of the guilty wife and low-born woman1 who had usurped a rank and title of which she showed herself so unworthy4 ,the ,duchess disappeared suddenly from the world1 which gladly rejected one it had so unwillingly received4 ,la ,felina took refuge in a small house in the retired quarter we have mentioned4 ,for1 like ,venus attached to her prey1 she would not leave ,paris1 in which she could not divest herself of the idea that ,monte-,leone1 completely reinstated1 would some day become ,aminta's husband4 ,sickness had gradually enfeebled her1 and ,salvatori1 who was master of her secrets1 had established himself in her house4 ,taking advantage of her complicity1 he had1 by means of cunning and terror1 became in a manner the master and tyrant1 now that her health was gone1 of one to whom he had been an abject slave4 ,for this reason he had1 as we have seen1 treated her with such cruel disdain4 ,on the very day this scene took place1 ,monte-,leone received the following note3 ,a woman1 whose handwriting you will recognize1 has but a few hours to live4 ,come to see her for the sake of that pity she deserves4 ,do not resist the prayers of one who is on her death-bed4 ,below was the address of the ,duchess4 ,the ,count had long lost sight of ,la ,felina2 he knew she was separated from her husband1 but was so indifferent that he had not even asked why4 ,always kind and generous1 he thought duty required him to go1 and on the next day at noon1 rang at ,la ,felina's door4 ,stenio had preceded him a few moments1 and in the next room prepared to enjoy the scene4 ,no sooner had the ,count entered the bedroom than ,salvatori thought he heard steps in a boudoir connected with it1 and which opened on a back stairway4 ,uneasy at this noise1 for which he could not account1 he was yet unable to satisfy himself2 for to do so1 he would have been again obliged to cross the ,duchess's room1 and the ,count was already with her4 ,when the ,count and ,la ,felina met1 a cry of astonishment burst from the lips of each4 ,they seemed to each other two spectres4 ,count1 said the ,duchess1 in faint and broken voice1 the time is come when the truth must be told1 ere the tongue on which it depends be cold in the grave4 ,you are1 therefore1 about to hear the truth as the dying tell it who have lost all dread of men and their wrath4 ,speak out1 ,signora2 my life has been so strange that nothing now can surprise me1 said the ,count4 ,you will be astonished2 for ,i am about to read the riddle1 the mystery1 which you have so long attempted to penetrate4 ,the ,count was attentive4 ,you have1 said ,la ,felina1 sought to know who was the secret enemy who deprived you of name and fame4 ,i am about to tell you4 ,the ,count seemed surprised4 ,do not interrupt me1 said she4 ,this enemy has followed your steps and poisoned your life4 ,thus has it been effected3 ,you were ruined1 really ruined1 but twice have fifty thousand francs been sent to you1 and you have been made to believe that this was but a restoration of your fortune4 ,did it not come from ,lamberti8 said the ,count4 ,no2 bankrupts never pay4 ,a forged letter from this banker insisted on silence in relation to this restoration1 and thus the mysterious resources were created which awakened the suspicions of the world1 and caused the report that you were an agent of the police to be believed4 ,the ,count grew pale with horror4 ,wait1 said ,la ,felina4 ,a man1 a devil1 purchased by your enemy1 in obedience to orders1 went to the house of ,matheus1 your associate in ,carbonarism4 ,this devil opened the drawer in which the archives of the association were kept1 and taking possession of the lists1 substituted copies for the originals4 ,infamous1 said ,monte-,leone4 ,this devil did more4 ,he dared to procure you a pass as a ',spy in ,society4' ,this pass your friend ,taddeo ,rovero saw4 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 can ,i hear aright8 ,this man did not think you were as yet sufficiently degraded in the eyes of the world and your brethren4 ,taking advantage of a visit you paid me1 he went into your carriage with a cloak like yours over his shoulders1 and was driven to the ,prefecture of ,police4 ,this is hell itself1 said the ,count4 ,did ,i not say this man was a demon8 said ,la ,felina1 coldly4 ,all this evidence was accumulated against you4 ,the ,french ,government was deceived1 and did not exert severity towards the powerful chief of the ,carbonari1 now become1 as it believed1 its agent4 ,the world and public opinion did their work4 ,why was all this8 what was the motive8 ,you had destroyed the happiness of your enemy1 and in return the sacrifice of your honor was exacted2 you had deserted one who adored you1 and sought to marry another2 to prevent this she disgraced you4 ,now1 ,count ,monte-,leone1 said ,la ,felina1 rising up1 is it necessary for me to name that woman8 ,do you know me8 ,wretch6 said the ,count1 are you not afraid that ,i will kill you8 ,why8 said she1 am ,i not dying8 ,well1 said he1 you shall carry to the tomb one crime in addition to the offences you have revealed to me4 ,with honor you destroyed my life4 ,taking a pistol from his bosom he placed it to his brow1 and was about to fire-- ,at the last words of the ,count a door was thrown open1 and an arm seized ,monte-,leone's hand4 ,he looked around and saw the ,duke ,d',harcourt4 ,count1 said he1 one person alone can restore you the honor of which you have been so rudely deprived4 ,that person is the ,duke ,d',harcourt4 ,the voice of the man1 of the father1 said he1 and his eyes became suffused with tears1 who charged you publicly with having denounced his son1 and surrendered him to the executioners1 with having killed him4 ,ah6 ,god himself sends you hither1 said the ,count1 with an indescribable accent of hope4 ,yes1 yes2 you have heard all1 and will be believed4 ,monsieur1 said he1 with great animation1 have you not heard all8 ,you know how ,i have been treated by those monsters4 ,you will say so4 ,tell me that you will4 ,i cast myself at your feet to implore you4 ,count1 said the ,duke1 lifting up ,monte-,leone and embracing him1 ,i am the guilty man1 for louder than any one ,i have uttered an anathema on the innocent4 ,i have appealed to man and ,god for vengeance4 ,yes1 said the ,count1 and touched by the immensity of my sufferings ,god has led you hither4 ,yes1 ,god1 said the ,duke1 and she2 pointing to ,la ,felina1 whose eyes brightened up with animation1 strangely contrasted with the morbid palor of her face4 ,she8 said the ,count4 ,yes1 said the ,duke4 ,stricken down by repentance1 she besought me yesterday to come hither to hear her confession4 ,scarcely had the ,duke pronounced these words1 than a cry of hatred1 savage as that of the jackal1 was heard in the next room4 ,save me1 save me1 said the ,duchess1 calling ,monte-,leone to her1 and sheltering herself behind his body1 ,he will murder me4 ,he8 said the ,duke and ,count together4 ,whom do you refer to8 said ,monte-,leone4 ,to ,stenio ,salvatori1 the accomplice in this tissue of crime4 ,the two noblemen rushed towards the room where the cry had been heard4 ,a door leading to the stairway was open1 and there was no one visible4 ,when they returned1 the invalid giving way to so severe a shock and exertion was dying4 ,she had only strength to repeat the request she had urged on ,stenio the day before4 ,a priest1 for heaven's sake1 a priest1 that ,i may repeat to ,god what ,i have said to man4 ,the door opened and an ecclesiastic appeared4 ,quick1 father1 quick1 said the ,duchess4 ,tell me that ,god1 like man1 will forgive me4 ,the priest stood for a few minutes in the middle of the room1 apparently overpowered by emotion4 ,he said1 ,one person must forgive you1 ,madame1 and that person is the individual whose life you have made miserable1 whom you have made use of to strike this innocent man2 and he pointed to the ,count4 ,i1 as well as the ,duke1 was in the adjoining room1 and have heard all4 ,that pardon ,i give you4 ,the ,duchess said1 ,then ,rovero1 too1 forgives me2 before she had finished his name1 ,monte-,leone clasped ,taddeo in his arms4 ,two days after1 a funeral portage proceeded to a place of eternal rest4 ,three men followed a body to the grave4 ,they were ,monte-,leone1 the ,duke d',harcourt1 and the ,abbe ,rovero4 ,love and friendship having been both betrayed1 as he thought1 ,taddeo sought for consolation in religion4 ,the ,divinity1 he knew1 did not betray those who love him4 ,a fugitive and an outlaw1 he had sought refuge in a seminary1 and subsequently had become a priest4 ,chance had assigned him to a church near ,la ,felina's house1 and he had been pointed out by the ,duchess's confidential servant1 as a priest worthy her mistress's confidence4 ,heaven had accomplished the rest4 ,all ,paris1 at that time1 was filled with a strange report1 and with amazement learned the truth in relation to ,monte-,leone4 ,a letter from the ,duke d',harcourt appeared in the journals of the day and unfolded this terrible drama4 ,the ,duke told ,paris and all ,europe1 what he had overheard in the ,duchess's boudoir4 ,it said1 if any voice should do justice to this injured man1 it is that of a father who wrongfully accused him of being the death of a son4 ,the moral reaction in favor of the ,count was as sudden as the censure the world had heaped on him had been4 ,the person who1 next to ,monte-,leone1 enjoyed this complete reparation1 was the adorable woman who had never doubted the honor of the man she loved4 ,the ,king sent for the ,duke d',harcourt2 he understood and participated in the grief of an unfortunate father1 for he1 also1 had lost the heir of his throne4 ,when the old noble left the ,king he bore with him the pardon of ,rene's young friend1 the generous ,von ,apsberg4 ,the ,duke went to the conciergerie1 and on the ,doctor1 in his gratitude1 asking after ,marie1 the former said1 ,she is a patient who will give you a great deal of trouble1 both her health and her heart being seriously affected4 ,you will have two grave diseases to attend to1 and the husband must assist the physician4 ,,epilogue4 ,a month after these events--on the first of ,may1 that festival of sunlight1 flowers1 and universal rejoicings--two couples1 followed by many friends and brilliant attendants1 went from the small house on the banks of the ,seine1 to the village church of ,neuilly4 ,the ,prince de ,maulear1 made young by happiness1 had ,marie d',harcourt on his arm4 ,the ,duke escorted the ,marquise1 and the ,count and ,von ,apsberg followed them4 ,the priest stood at the foot of the altar4 ,this priest1 who made four persons happy1 but who looked to heaven alone for his own happiness1 was ,taddeo ,rovero4 ,the three fiery ,carbonari gradually felt their revolutionary ardor grow dull4 ,the reason is1 these three men were now attached to the society they had sought to destroy1 by strong ties4 ,two were bound to it by family bonds1 and the other by religion4 ,carbonarism was not crushed in ,europe1 by the disasters of the ,french association4 ,it slumbered for ten years1 but awoke in #ahcj4 ,the tree has grown1 and the world now gathers its bitter fruits4 ,stenio ,salvatori received in ,italy the punishment due his great crimes in ,france4 ,his vile heart became the sheath of the stiletto of one of the brethren of the ,venta of ,,castel ,,la ,,marc4 ,our old acquaintance1 ,mlle4 ,celestine ,crepinean1 touched by divine grace1 repented of having made so bad a disposition of her pure and virgin love4 ,like ,magdalen1 she threw herself at the feet of her ,savior1 and lived to an advanced age1 greatly to the edification of the faithful as dispenser of holy water at the church of ,saint ,,thomas ,,aquinas4 ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,spy ,,in ,,society4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,concluded from page #cbg4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahej1 by ,stringer ,townsend1 in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court of the ,united ,states for the ,southern ,district of ,new-,york4 #d ,mansarde ,gallice1 from the inventor ,mansard1 uncle of another architect of the same name of the time of ,louis ,,xiv4 #e ,it is one of the maxims of magnetism1 that when once an entire sympathy between two minds is established equality ensues1 and consequently neither can exert influence over the other4 ,a ,,ghost ,,story ,,of ,,normandy4 ,,by ,,the ,,author ,,of ,,hamon ,,and ,,catar2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,two ,,racks4 ,from ,bentley's ,miscellany4 ,i4 ,on a fine summer evening1 in #ahdf1 ,i left my house1 which was in the neighborhood of ,honfleur1 ,normandy1 to take a stroll4 ,it was ,july4 ,all the morning and all the afternoon the sun had been busily pouring down streams of radiance like streams of boiling water1 and ,i had kept the house1 and kept it closely shut up too1 till the orb of day had gone some way down towards the sea1 as if1 like a fire-eater1 or like a locomotive1 to get a drink after its work4 ,my wife being asleep1 ,i borrowed her parasol1 for ,english life in ,france is very free and easy1 and ,i was rather careful of my complexion4 ,i lit a cigar1 and starting1 soon left the church of ,st4 ,catharine behind4 ,my business in the town was to post a letter1 which ,i got safely done1 and then passing down the fish-market1 ,i found myself1 ere long1 at the foot of the ,cote de ,grace--a steep hill which rises abruptly from the town1 and is scaleable at one part by a sandy zigzag4 ,my cigar was a bad one altogether--a bad one to look at and a bad one to blow4 ,of government manufacture1 it cost five sous1 and was not worth one4 ,its skin was as thick as an ass's hide1 and no persuasion would make it draw4 ,like a false friend1 it became quite hollow when ,i put the fire of trial to it2 and only waxed hot and oily as it burnt on4 ,it was a ,french regalia1 and had nothing of ,french royalty about it but bad smoke4 ,the tobacco had1 ,i think1 lost savor1 as salt used to do1 in passing through the monopolizing hands of the ,citoyen ,roi4 ,in a word1 my gorge rose at it4 ,i stood awhile at the foot of the zigzag1 endeavoring to coax it into usefulness1 for ,i was a family man1 and had given many hostages to fortune1 and dared not to be extravagant4 ,i tried to doctor it by incisions1 and by giving it draughts2 but all was in vain4 ,at last it began to unwind1 and some loose ashes found their way to my eyes4 ,i was about to throw it away in disgust1 when a young ,frenchman1 who had passed me a moment before with a party 7,i knew him slightly and we had bowed71 returned1 and observing that my cigar seemed troublesome1 asked me to try one of his4 ,his name was ,le ,brun4 ,we had met occasionally on the pier1 where in the quiet evenings ,i used to take refuge from the uproar of my sanctuary at home1 and for awhile almost believed myself a lay bachelor lounging through ,france without a charming wife and eight children4 ,he and ,i had succeeded well in chit-chat4 ,the ,browns1 he was fond of saying1 were a numerous race in ,england1 but if he ever settled there he would be distinguished from them as ,,the ,brown4 ,he was vain of this play on his name1 and ,i always laughed when he produced it4 ,i had no hesitation1 therefore1 when he offered me a cigar3 besides1 ,i knew that he always smoked smuggled ,cubas4 ,we gossiped for a few moments4 ,at length ,i saw him glance at my wife's parasol1 which was shielding me from the sun4 ,he said nothing1 but ,i felt my cheek burn with a sudden sort of shame1 and immediately shut it up4 ,madame will return1 he said1 and ,monsieur attends her4 ,this was not the fact4 ,monsieur had to return1 and ,madame attended him4 ,but the observation was put in the narrative form1 and if my friend gave me information which ,i knew to be false1 ,i was not bound to say so4 ,i only bowed1 therefore2 and he added that he was forced to join his party1 and bowed too2 and so we separated4 ,he had scarcely left me1 when ,i thought that if ,i had avowed my solitary state he might have asked me to join his party1 which was evidently a merry one2 and ,i internally execrated the parasol1 which had been the means of preventing this4 ,if by any accident ,i should meet him again1 ,i resolved that he should not see me with it1 and without the lady2 so ,i deposited it at a little lace-maker's1 and soon after began to ascend the ,cote de ,grace1 not without hopes of meeting the party as they returned1 perhaps from ,val-a-,reine4 ,between each wind of the zigzag path was a flight of wooden steps1 by which the adventurous might ascend directly from the bottom of the hill4 ,at the head of some of these flights of steps were rustic seats2 they were generally on the outer edge of the path1 but a few were placed far back1 so that the hill immediately below was unseen4 ,i always climbed the ,cote by the steps1 as ,i used ever and anon to lie down on the green carpet which nature has spread over each of the short ascents4 ,on the present occasion ,i had not mounted far before a pleasant piece of this turf-flooring near the top of one of the little hills seduced me from my toils4 ,i sat down1 took ,shelley's ,revolt of ,islam from my pocket1 finished my cigar1 and in consequence of reading half a dozen stanzas from the poem--fell asleep4 ,i woke suddenly1 and as soon as ,i had my faculties about me1 noticed that people were speaking1 and in loud tones1 close above me4 ,otherwise1 all was still around4 ,there was no wind among the little trees2 a bee buzzed past me now and then1 and insects hummed1 but further off down the hill1 and these voices sounded harsh and dissonant in the quiet air4 ,i listened1 at first mechanically4 ,the conversation was carried on in ,french4 ,it is time to end this1 said a stern1 disagreeable voice2 and ,i will not wait any longer1 ,m4 ,raymond4 ,but ,m4 ,gray1 answered another and more pleasant voice1 you will think of my situation--my family4 ,i have done all ,i could4 ,i have thought too much of your family1 replied ,gray2 but ,i must also think of myself4 ,esther--your daughter--she does not speak with me1 for example1 as you said she should4 ,monsieur6 exclaimed the other4 ,this ,le ,brun--she is all ears and eyes for him4 ,she---- ,m4 ,gray6 said ,raymond4 ,his voice had been deprecating before--it was firm now4 ,you are so harsh to me2 how can you expect kindness from her8 ,why1 sir1 you promised to use your influence with her---- ,promised1 ,m4 ,gray6 ,raymond burst in4 ,you did not think ,i should sell my daughter for a debt of the table8 ,i do not think1 monsieur1 you expected me to sell my ,esther1 for example4 ,and there was an emphasis on these last words which only a ,frenchman could give4 ,i did not say you promised that1 replied the other2 but ,i am seeking for the money you owe me4 ,i love your daughter2 you know it2 she does not smile1 and ,i must wait4 ,but my creditors will not wait4 ,i owe money1 and come to you for what you owe me4 ,the voice that said this was cold and stern4 ,suddenly1 as ,i listened to it1 it seemed familiar to me2 but where ,i had heard it ,i could not remember4 ,raymond replied3 ,and suppose ,i had not played with you and lost8 ,what would you have done8 ,but my friends in ,england are so dilatory1 was the evasive answer4 ,still--if ,mademoiselle ,esther---- ,sacre6 cried ,raymond1 starting to his feet1 and stamping on the path4 ,gray seemed to rise too4 ,you press me too far4 ,what do ,i know of you1 monsieur8 ,you live here some few months--you play high--you--you---- ,ah1 well1 monsieur1 said ,gray1 icily1 as he paused4 ,my daughter1 too1 cried ,raymond2 you use my debt to you as a means----4 ,he stopped again in his sudden passion4 ,pardon me1 monsieur1 said ,gray1 sternly1 this is only a debt of honor2 and he laid a stress on the word which drove it home4 ,in ,england we cannot enforce a debt of honor4 ,what do you do there when it is not paid8 ,first post the guilty man1 and then shoot him1 was the answer4 ,i felt inclined to start from my concealment and say that this was false4 ,i recollected1 however1 just in time1 that it was true4 ,but this is folly1 pursued ,gray1 and we should not quarrel4 ,i am not going to shoot ,esther's father1 for example4 ,the effect of this cordial and peaceful declaration was instantaneous4 ,glad apparently to drop his creditor in his friend at any price1 ,raymond answered kindly1 and even proposed to give ,gray a small sum on account of his debt1 which he accepted4 ,they then began to ascend the zigzag1 and ere long their voices died away in the distance4 ,i had remained lying-to where ,i was all this while1 and felt glad when they left the neighborhood4 ,i never overheard a conversation with pleasure since ,i read how the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,follett declared that his bamboo1 and not his cloth1 should protect him from ,mr4 ,eavesdrop4 ,once1 indeed1 ,i had thought of retiring1 but put it off so long that ,i thought ,i might just as well stay out the interview4 ,i knew ,mr4 ,raymond by name4 ,he was a banker1 and reputed rich4 ,he was also thought religious--for a ,frenchman1 even pious4 ,he crossed himself at all the twopenny representations of the ,divine agony4 ,he never galloped past a crucifix1 or calvaire1 or burial-place4 ,and yet he now showed himself a gambler1 and apparently on the way to sell his daughter's hand to a man he did not know1 for a gambling debt4 ,the discovery made me feel sick4 ,and yet ,i thought how many of my own parisioners1 who wave their heads at the sacred name in the creed1 and appear to men to worship1 are as false as this man2 packing away their religion like their best hat till next ,sunday1 when it seems as good to the next pew as ever4 ,but ,i felt more than an abstract discomfort at my discoveries4 ,le ,brun's name had been mixed up with ,esther ,raymond's by this ,gray4 ,now his ,cuba cigar had bound me indissolubly to ,the ,brown1 and as long as he asked nothing but what cost nothing1 ,i was his faithful well-wisher and friend4 ,this was the time to show my friendship2 and accordingly ,i sprang from my couch1 put ,shelley into my pocket1 and resumed my ascent of the ,cote4 ,i had gained the top1 and1 after looking across the water to ,harfleur1 which showed well in the soft light of the westering sun1 was about to walk on1 when ,i saw a party on the rude bench which is set on the seaward side of the top of the ,cote--,le ,brun with them4 ,i looked back across the ,seine1 and watched the lights and shades shift on the hills of the opposite shore1 collecting my thoughts the while4 ,ere they were collected1 however1 he joined me4 ,ah6 but madame is no longer with monsieur8 he said4 ,no2 she's at home now1 ,i answered1 thinking how ,i should best break ground1 and almost inclined to leave him to his own courses now that it was time to act4 ,why should ,i meddle in these foreigners' affairs8 ,what were they to me8 ,i felt thus for a moment2 ,le ,brun produced his cigar-case1 and ,i did not feel so for another4 ,i hope you liked my cigar2 it is not ,french1 he said4 ,will you try another8 ,if you will try one of mine1 ,i answered1 ashamed to take without giving1 and forgetting that my property consisted of none but the despised ,french article4 ,the young gentleman took one of the great clown-like regalias with a slight shudder1 and ,i saw him wince as he inhaled a mouthful of its rank produce1 and1 ere long1 quietly drop the thing when he thought ,i was not looking1 and substitute one of his own4 ,the flavor of his ,cuba opened my heart to him1 and ere long ,i broached the subject with which ,i had no earthly business4 ,you know a certain ,m4 ,gray8 ,i asked4 ,he started4 ,yes1 he said2 that is him talking to mademoiselle4 ,shall ,i introduce you8 ,not at present--no1 ,i thank you1 ,i answered4 ,he looked up at me4 ,do you know him8 he asked4 ,my eye had been bent on him for the last few seconds4 ,i think ,i do1 ,i said2 ,i am not sure4 ,he came here with the ,dowlasses2 he is the son of an ,english milord1 who allows him a thousand pounds a year4 ,why did he leave ,england1 then8 ,i inquired4 ,he was too gay1 ,i believe4 ,and left his debts unpaid1 ,i suppose4 ,he looked up at me again4 ,if you do know him1 or anything about him1 he exclaimed1 pray tell me2 ,i am particularly anxious about him4 ,i know you must be1 and so ought mademoiselle to be1 ,i said4 ,he blushed like a girl and was going to speak1 but ,i continued3 ,if he is the man ,i think1 never play at cards with him1 ,m4 le ,brun2 and1 between us1 separate his hat from those pink ribbons further than they are now4 ,his curiosity1 his anxiety1 was thoroughly aroused2 but1 as he began to speak1 a lady's voice called him4 ,it was ,esther's4 ,will you join us8 he said4 ,in another moment ,i was being introduced to the party4 ,i was at first surprised to find ,gray and his dupe smoking and chatting as gayly as any of the party4 ,i am a good wonderer1 but always reason my surprises away4 ,i soon did so now1 reflecting that all men use their faces as masks1 by which they lie without speaking falsehood4 ,and1 though ,i detest hypocrisy myself1 ,i remembered that ,i often smiled when ,i could grind my teeth with rage--that is1 if they were not false ones4 ,le ,brun had been summoned to rejoin the circle because a curious topic had been started4 ,m4 ,raymond was proprietor of an estate near ,st4 ,sauveur1 the house of which was reported to be haunted1 and ,esther had dared ,gray to spend a night there4 ,but ,i don't believe in ghosts1 he recommenced1 after the introduction4 ,it would only be to waste a night4 ,oh1 there is a goblin though1 replied the beautiful girl--a male ,amina2 always walking into an occupied chamber1 so that you're sure to see him4 ,he does not1 however1 stop to be caught napping in the morning1 like ,la ,sonnambula4 ,i'll tell you what ,i'll do1 answered ,gray4 ,you've called ,m4 le ,brun--and he looked somewhat fiercely at my friend--if he'll spend a night there1 ,i will4 ,i'm engaged to-night1 and to-morrow night1 so that he can go first4 ,but ,i can't believe in your ghost1 mademoiselle4 ,not if ,i acknowledge to have seen him myself8 she asked4 ,there was a general movement among the listeners4 ,well1 ,i will accept for ,m4 le ,brun2 he shall go to-night or to-morrow1 and you the night after--eh1 ,m4 ,frederic8 ,le ,brun murmured something about obedience to her wishes2 what1 ,i did not hear4 ,he evidently1 however1 did not like the scheme1 and ,gray saw it2 but1 in the general interest for ,esther's tale1 no one else did4 ,i do not give it here1 for divers reasons4 ,when she had done1 it was found to be time to return4 ,i would have left the party1 but ,raymond having seperated ,le ,brun from ,esther1 he joined himself to me1 and ,i was unable to do so4 ,what will ,grace say8 thought ,i4 ,i hope she won't wait tea for me4 ,i should have been somewhat crusty if1 on an ordinary occasion1 ,i had returned from a stroll and found that she and the rest had not waited4 ,le ,brun asked me--as ,m4 ,raymond had already done--to stay all the evening with the party4 ,that1 however1 ,i felt to be impossible1 and said so4 ,well1 for the present1 then1 he said4 ,what can you tell me of ,m4 ,gray8 he added4 ,i expect my brother here to-morrow1 ,i said1 when ,i will compare notes with him4 ,till then ,i should be cautious1 as ,i may injure an innocent man4 ,but do you be cautious too4 ,how about this challenge8 ,shall you sleep in the haunted house8 ,it is romantic nonsense--this of a spirit1 you know4 ,mademoiselle has seen a clothes-horse1 or a--a part of her dress in moonlight4 ,i don't believe in ghosts myself at all4 ,don't you8 said he1 somewhat sadly4 ,i--the truth is1 mon cher1 ,i am afraid ,i do4 ,you must go on now1 though1 ,i said1 maliciously4 ,oh1 yes--of course--go on1 he answered2 but1 monsieur---- he hesitated4 ,what is it1 my dear friend8 ,i said4 ,i thought to ask a favor of you1 he replied4 ,will you accompany me to this house1 monsieur8 ,i feel ,i ask much--but will you8 ,much1 my very dear sir6 ,i exclaimed1 in the fullness of my heart--not at all too much4 ,i shall be happy to be of any use to you1 and will sit and smoke those cigars of yours1 and let the ghosts go to old ----4 ,i stopped suddenly4 ,and what1 thought ,i1 will ,grace say to that8 ,a sort of dampness rushed out upon my skin2 ,i had forgotten her4 ,my sentence remained unfinished1 and ,i looked eagerly about me1 as if to question the adjoining shrubs as to what on earth ,i was to do4 ,my dear ,grace was the light of my eyes1 and the joy of my heart1 ,i'm sure2 the best wife1 the most amiable of the sex1 but yet she had a kind of will of her own1 which was apt to get grafted1 as it were1 upon mine4 ,she never opposed me positively in any thing1 but somehow1 if she did not like it1 it was rarely done4 ,i had just promised what ,i might not be able to perform2 and yet ,i did not like to confess to this foreigner that my wife led me4 ,a plague upon his ,cubas and him too1 ,i thought4 ,still1 what was to be done8 ,if you cannot sleep there to-night1 he said1 noticing my uneasiness1 ,i will claim the night's grace---- ,grace6 ,i exclaimed2 my wife before me in the word4 ,yes1 she said to-night or to-morrow4 ,oh1 to-night8--impossible6 ,i cried4 ,i have a very--an engagement to-night4 ,i can not possibly make it to-night4 ,besides1 ,i exclaimed1 grasping at an idea like a drowner at a rope1 or any thing saving1 mademoiselle may not give leave to share your danger with any one4 ,i asked her1 he said--,i had noticed them exchange whispers--and she will---- ,bother6 ,i muttered2 but instantly continued1 with a smile1 if it is to be so ,i will be at your service to-morrow4 ,meanwhile1 let me slip away now--that engagement1 you know4 ,we were at the foot of the ,cote de ,grace by this time4 ,he brought the party to a stand-still1 and1 after some difficulty1 ,i was allowed to desert1 ,le ,brun asking me to join him next day to dinner1 to which ,i agreed4 ,after ,i left the joyous set ,i walked away fiercely1 like a man with a purpose1 till they were out of sight2 but1 as ,i neared that sanctuary of the heart where the tea would be waiting for me1 the fierceness of my pace abated1 and1 with hands in pockets and head depressed1 ,i slackened my speed more and more1 till at last1 when ,i reached my garden-gate1 ,i came to a stand-still4 ,unhappily ,i am tall1 and my children are all wonderfully quick4 ,i had not stood at the gate three seconds before ,i was surrounded by my urchins1 whooping1 and getting among my legs1 and hanging to my tails1 and playing the wildest pranks off on me4 ,but suddenly ,i saw my wife leave the house and come down the garden without her bonnet to welcome me4 ,oh1 how ,i wished that1 just for once1 she had been a shrew2 ,i could have brazened out the matter then4 ,but she smiled so sweetly at me6 ,well1 she exclaimed1 heartily1 putting her hands in mine1 you have had a splendid afternoon for your walk6 ,have you enjoyed it8 ,oh1 yes1 ,i said1 except for one thing4 ,what's that8 she asked2 no accident ,i hope4 ,you've never1 surely1 been among the orchards again2 ,i'm sure the grass swarms with adders and snakes4 ,and she looked so anxiously and tenderly up into my face that ,i was forced to stoop and----4 ,but this is weakness4 ,what was it8 ,i saw you took out that divine ,shelley4 ,yes1 ,i answered1 jumping at any subject foreign to the one at my heart1 he is divine4 ,i'll never deny it again2 the very god of sleep4 ,for shame6 she cried2 and ,i saw you took something else1 too4 ,but where is it8--the parasol1 ,i mean8 ,i had forgotten it6 ,i think ,i must have started and changed color1 for she immediately proceeded3 ,never mind1 it's too late to go into the fields for it now4 ,it will be quite destroyed1 though1 by the dew to-night--there's always so much in this weather4 ,but1 never mind--and yet how could you forget it8 ,oh1 it's all right1 ,i replied1 somewhat pettishly2 we'll get it in the morning4 ,i left it in a shop at the foot of the ,cote de ,grace4 ,well1 then1 what was the drawback to your walk8 ,oh6 never mind it just now1 ,i exclaimed4 ,dear ,grace1 do let me have some tea2 ,i'll tell you by-and-by4 ,and ,i bustled among the children towards the house1 she following in some surprise4 ,as soon as tea was over ,i dispatched the children into the garden and solemnly commenced my tale4 ,commenced8 ,i plunged into it heels over head1 as a timid bather plunges into the pool when he is the cynosure of the eyes of all swimmers in it1 and by appearing on the brink in ,nature's undress uniform1 feels himself pledged to enter the liquid4 ,like him1 too1 when once in1 ,i did not find the water so cold as ,i feared1 after all4 ,i had made my promise so strong by constantly referring to it1 that ,grace never even proposed my giving it up4 ,my brother would arrive by to-morrow's boat1 and so that the house would have a guardian she would not object--for once4 ,i inwardly vowed not to put it in her power to refuse or grant such a favor again4 ,,ii4 ,so on the morrow1 at the appointed time1 ,i was comfortably seated at ,m4 le ,brun's mahogany2 and while1 for this occasion only1 ,i played my old role of bachelor1 ,i loosed the hymeneal reins1 and actually told some ancient ,cider-cellar stories--in ,french1 too1--which produced explosion after explosion of laughter1 though whether this was caused by the tales or the telling ,i cannot of course guess4 ,by-and-by evening came1 and it was time to start4 ,le ,brun and ,i hastened1 therefore1 to finish the bottles then in circulation2 and1 as soon as that was done1 rose to walk to the haunted property4 ,and now the skeptical blockheads who doubt every thing would say that what follows was the consequence of our libations4 ,let them say what they like1 ,i only put it to you1 if it is likely that a thorough-going ,church and ,state rector would be influenced by a few bottles of vin ordinaire and a mere thought of cognac after all4 ,it was about nine o'clock when we arrived within sight of ,st4 ,sauveur4 ,it was a lovely night4 ,beyond the little village in the distance loomed the hills1 rising from the ,eure1 over which the moon was shining brilliantly4 ,presently my companion turned sharply off from the main road1 and we began to ascend a narrow stony lane1 so thickly fringed with bushes that the light was excluded2 but ere long we came upon a cross-path nearly as narrow1 but lighted by the rays of the bright moon2 this we followed1 till1 in a few minutes1 we arrived before a gate1 which we pushed open1 and advanced into a field4 ,le ,brun paused to light a fresh cigar from the smoking ruins of the last1 and1 as ,i walked on1 ,i suddenly became reflective4 ,your life1 my dear and reverend sir1 ,i ejaculated1 has just been like this evening's walk4 ,your school and college life were all bright and silvery as the highway flooded by the glorious beams1 and so forth4 ,then came the stony lane of curateship1 and then you gained a cross-lane1 stony still1 but lighted by the smiles of ,grace1 and the prospect of a reversion1 which your father got you cheap1 because the occupant was young4 ,and then this youthful rector joined the ,church of ,rome1 leaving the gate open for you2 and so you stepped into your twelve hundred a year1 of which you only need to sacrifice seventy for a hack to do the work4 ,so that after a somewhat pleasant life you can enjoy yourself in foreign parts1 and---- ,halloa6 cried a voice behind4 ,i started4 ,in a moment ,i remembered that ,i was upon haunted ground1 and motioned to fly4 ,i am no coward1 but ,i hate a surprise1 and thought that perhaps the hero of this enchanted ground was close beside me4 ,le ,brun's voice1 however1 dissipated those fears4 ,i had strolled from the right path in my dream1 and he wished me to re-rejoin him4 ,i did so1 and we pursued our walk4 ,we soon arrived before the house4 ,it was approachable at the rear by a road which led to ,st4 ,sauveur1 after winding about the country some two or three miles more than necessary1 as ,french roads are apt to do3 but the main entrance was from the fields1 as we had come4 ,it was a shabby place1 and looked in the staring moonlight as seedy as a bookseller's hack would look in the glare of an ,almack's ball4 ,the windows were mostly broken1 and the portico1 like its ,greek model1 was in ruins4 ,rude evergreens grew downward from the rails which had fixed them1 when young1 in the way they were to go1 and were sprawling about the nominal garden1 which was likewise overrun by weeds and plots of grass1 and fallen shrubs and flowers4 ,the moon never looked on a poorer spot1 and yet there was an air about the tattered old house which seemed to indicate that it had been good-looking once2 as we may see1 despite the plaster-work among the wrinkles of some of our dowagers1 that they were not altogether hideous1 as they now are1 in the days of the ,greatest ,gentleman in ,europe4 ,we entered4 ,it was too late and too dark in-doors to survey the mansion2 so1 as ,le ,brun had been directed to the habitable room1 we struck a light1 and ascended directly to it4 ,it was handsomely furnished1 and a basket containing that refreshment which we had looked forward to stood on the table4 ,the windows were whole2 still ,i thought it well to close the shutters1 as ,i hate ,midsummer nights' draughts as much as ,i love the ,midsummer ,night's ,dream4 ,this done1 ,i sank on a sofa2 ,le ,brun drew some wine2 we fell to at an early supper1 and fared well4 ,when we had finished we lighted cigars1 and our conversation grew frivolous4 ,le ,brun was in the midst of a description of ,esther1 when ,i heard a groan1 and said so4 ,he pooh-poohed me1 and1 half annoyed at the interruption1 proceeded4 ,he had not got on very far before the groan was repeated4 ,i started up4 ,pooh6--wind6 said my companion1 retaining his seat and emitting his smoke4 ,if so1 it must be wind on the stomach1 or wind in the lungs1 ,i said4 ,hark6 ,i heard a faint noise4 ,we both listened intently for some minutes1 ,i standing4 ,it was not repeated1 however2 so1 growing tired1 ,i said that ,i must have been mistaken1 and sat down4 ,le ,brun agreed with me1 and resumed his description4 ,i followed with a tale2 he was reminded by it of another2 and so we continued1 till our repeated potations1 much speaking1 and the late hour1 made both of us prosy1 and then we fell1 as with one accord1 asleep4 ,i must have slept for a considerable time1 as1 when ,i woke1 ,i found that the lamp had burned very low1 and looked the worse for having been kept up so late4 ,i woke with a start1 caused1 as ,i imagined1 by hearing the room-door suddenly opened4 ,that was a sound which1 as a father of a large family1 ,i had got to know very well1 especially about the smaller hours4 ,i looked towards the door1 but my eyes were dim with sleep1 and it was not till ,le ,brun's boot was projected against my shin that ,i became sufficiently awake to see if my idea was correct or no4 ,it was4 ,not only was the door open but a person was evidently standing on the threshold4 ,in the sickly light his face was not visible2 nothing1 in fact1 but an outline of him4 ,i rose1 and with as much steadiness of voice as ,i could command1 requested the visitor to come in4 ,he made a deep bow1 set his hat modestly upon the floor1 came across the room1 and stood as if awaiting further orders4 ,i had1 however1 none to give him4 ,i had not sufficient impudence to bid him sit down and help himself to wine1 or what he liked2 but ,i kicked ,le ,brun1 in payment for his attack on me1 and motioned to him to do the honors4 ,he met the advance of my foot1 however1 in an unexpected way4 ,diable6 he cried1 ,est-ce que---- ,he stopped as if a gag had been thrust between his jaws2 for our visitor1 doubtless applying the epithet to himself1 suddenly turned his back on us1 walked to the door1 picked up his hat1 and1 though ,i cried after him1 as the ,master of ,ravenswood cried after his dead ,lucia's ghost1 to stop1 paid no more heed than that virgin does to ,mario1 but retired quickly1 his boots screaming as he trod upon them like veritable souls in pain4 ,we made no motion to follow1 but remained as if glued to our places1 looking on each other from our semi-sleepy eyes in a somewhat foolish manner4 ,he'll come back1 said ,le ,brun4 ,hush6 ,the boots had stopped at the bottom of the stairs2 we heard no sound4 ,if he does1 don't name ,sathanas1 for ,heaven's sake1 ,i said4 ,he doesn't like it4 ,it may recall unpleasant things--seem personal1 in fact---- ,hush6 he exclaimed4 ,we listened4 ,the screaming boots were remounting the stairs4 ,the visitor had got over the personality1 and was coming back4 ,what should be done8 ,i am no coward2 ,i've said so before2 but ,i seriously thought of running to1 shutting1 fastening1 and setting chairs against the door4 ,but ,i did not move4 ,the footsteps approached1 and then began to recede again4 ,this suspense of the interest--or1 rather1 dragging out of it--was most tormenting4 ,what if he should go on walking all night8 ,but the steps were ere long heard once more coming near the room1 and once more the visitor stood at the door4 ,but he did not enter now4 ,he looked steadfastly towards us2 beckoned slowly2 then1 turning1 began to leave us again4 ,i drew a long1 well-satisfied breath as he disappeared and leaned back on the sofa4 ,i trust he's gone for good now1 ,i said4 ,he beckoned4 ,we must follow1 said ,le ,brun4 ,follow6 ,pooh1 pooh6 ,i exclaimed4 ,let us sit still and be glad4 ,not ,i1 was his brave response4 ,be he man1 or be he---- ,hush6 ,i cried4 ,he may hear4 ,he doesn't like the word---- ,i do not understand the impulse1 said ,le ,brun2 but we must follow4 ,i do not feel the impulse1 ,i rejoined4 ,still1 if you do1 and obey it1 ,i will not desert you4 ,come1 he answered4 ,and with quick steps we chased the vocal boots down the corridor1 and ere long saw the wearer of them1 having descended the stairs1 cross the hall1 and wait at the door of the house4 ,the moon was still shining brightly1 and its rays came through the broken windows on the ground-floor1 and fell on the figure of the mysterious one4 ,he was of middle height1 and of broad and muscular build4 ,he seemed more like an ,english farmer than a ,french ghost4 ,his garments were seedy1 and his hat was old2 but his boots were like the boots of ,thaddeus of ,warsaw1 the son of ,miss ,porter1 who was so mortally offended when asked the name of the maker of his ,bluchers1 and they gleamed like boots of polished steel4 ,all1 however1 did not seem right about the stranger4 ,his head appeared awry1 and his arms out of their places4 ,but perhaps these blemishes were attributable to the moonlight1 and not to the man2 for he showed that he could turn his head and look at us1 and use his arms to open the door4 ,we followed him out into the air4 ,he led us through the field we had already traversed1 but in a rather different direction4 ,the night was chilly1 and the long grass damp1 and ,i began to grow weary of the adventure4 ,suddenly1 however1 our conductor stopped before what appeared to be a ruined cow-shed4 ,he looked at it earnestly for a few moments1 then at us1 who kept a respectful distance2 then1 making an abrupt motion of his arm towards it1 too rapid for us to understand1 he seemed to me to spring into the air4 ,whether he did so or not1 ,i cannot declare2 but ,i know that when ,i rubbed my eyes1 and looked round about for him1 he was nowhere to be seen4 ,we examined the spot1 but he had left no traces4 ,boots1 and hat1 and all his trappery had gone with him4 ,he had come like a dream1 and vanished like a morning dream4 ,we stood for a few moments uncertain what to do1 and then it occurred to me that the room we had left was warm and comfortable1 and this field cold and dreary2 so ,i proposed to return1 especially as1 the stranger having vanished1 there did not appear to be any business in hand4 ,le ,brun agreed1 and we did so1 and1 after talking awhile over our adventure1 went to sleep over our talk2 and ,i did not wake again till morning was staring into the chamber1 as ,le ,brun threw open the shutters4 ,the conversation that took place is as well to be imagined as transcribed4 ,enough to say that ,i determined to have no share in ,le ,brun's narrative1 but left him to heighten it for himself4 ,i parted with him at my house1 where ,i found ,grace looking out for me2 and he promised to return in the course of the morning to pay his respects to her4 ,to my surprise1 however1 when he came1 he asked me for five minutes' conversation1 and we went together into the field belonging to my house1 which sloped down to the ,seine4 ,his countenance was both joyous and anxious1 and ,i saw that he had something heavier on his mind than last night's frolic4 ,i have spoken to you of ,m4 ,gray1 he said1 and of ,mademoiselle ,raymond4 ,i have learnt this morning that ,m4 ,gray has her father in his power4 ,you learnt that from her8 ,i asked4 ,he blushed and did not answer4 ,i went on4 ,i had compared notes with my brother about this ,gray1 and found my suspicions correct4 ,i therefore told ,le ,brun what ,i had overheard on the zigzag1 and he in reply told me that ,raymond had accepted a bill for the amount of the debt to ,gray4 ,that's serious1 ,i said4 ,but before we say more1 monsieur1 are you engaged to ,mademoiselle ,esther8 ,he replied in the affirmative4 ,can you live--excuse the question--with her without dowry8 ,he replied in the affirmative again4 ,then1 ,i said1 though it may sound oddly from one of my cloth1 you must either elope with her---- ,but then ,m4 ,raymond8--,but his family8 ,he must suffer for his folly2 not you4 ,and you are only going to marry one daughter1 not all of them4 ,the other alternative is--you must pay ,raymond's acceptance1 as he cannot4 ,it would be ruin4 ,i cannot1 either1 he replied4 ,then you must lose ,esther4 ,i will not4 ,no4 ,and yet if ,i was to shoot ,gray---- ,shoot8 ,i interrupted1 with the virtuous horror of a man who has never been tempted to fight a duel--and would you then outrage the laws of divine and human8 ,no2 it wouldn't do to shoot him1 he pursued4 ,but oh1 monsieur1 can you not suggest something to help me--to help us8 ,a thought suddenly came into my head4 ,gray is pledged to spend to-night in the haunted house1 is he not8 ,i asked4 ,he answered that it was so4 ,i believe the man to be an arrant coward1 ,i went on4 ,to be sure1 he shot a dear friend of mine in a duel1 and behaved1 as the world says1 like a brave man before his witnesses4 ,but he's a coward for all that1 and we'll test it4 ,i don't believe in our friend the ,goblin ,farmer2 ,i don't believe we saw any body1 or any spirit last night at all4 ,well1 never mind beliefs2 don't interrupt me4 ,i think our eyes were made the fools of other senses1 and that there's no such thing4 ,gray has to spend the night there--we'll go again to-night1 that is1 if my wife will let me1 and perhaps get my brother to help us--eh8 ,suppose we give him a lesson4 ,and ,i laughed4 ,he laughed too2 and after a few more observations1 he accompanied me into my drawing-room4 ,grace and ,james1 with his wife ,emma1 were sitting talking there4 ,i have said that ,i am a lazy rector4 ,during my curatehood1 however1 ,i had learned to preach sufficiently well for the parish where ,i worked4 ,to be sure my congregation was neither large or wakeful1 except in winter1 when the church was like a ,wenham ice depot1 and people could not sleep4 ,but ,i was brief1 and no faults were ever found in my time with brevity4 ,my experience in exposition and appeal now stood me in good stead4 ,i introduced ,le ,brun1 and then plunged into matters4 ,i gave a brief account of ,esther and her father4 ,i eulogized ,le ,brun4 ,after that ,i spoke of ,gray1 and reminded ,james of the life and times--the death1 too1 of ,john ,finnis1 whom he saved from being plucked alive in ,st4 ,james's1 only that he might be shot in ,hampstead4 ,these dispatched1 ,i opened my plans1 which were listened to with great interest2 the only alteration proposed was that ,james should go to find the authorities 7if there were any1 which he doubted71 and give notice of ,gray's character to them2 after which he was to return to my house1 and stay there till ,le ,brun and ,i came back from our nocturnal expedition1 as ,grace and ,emma feared to be left alone4 ,poor ,emma1 indeed1 declared that this was the most romantic thing she had ever heard of1 except one which happened in the village where she was born2 but as neither ,james or ,i liked to hear her speak of her origin1 we cut her narrative short4 ,the cresset moon was up in heaven--at least1 ,emma said it was--when we started4 ,it seemed to me nearly full2 but she was poetical4 ,i told her that if it was a cresset1 it was tilting up1 and ought1 therefore1 to be pouring out oil1 and not light1 on the earth4 ,we started1 ,i repeat1 and a short time after1 in the language of a favorite novelist1 two travellers might have been seen slowly wending on their way1 bundle in hand1 towards the haunted house4 ,in another hour or so1 when the wind had sunk into repose1 and the birds had ceased their songs1 and all things save the ever-watching stars were sleeping 7as that favorite historian might go on1 if he were telling this tale and not ,i71 a tall and ecclesiastical form crept slowly from a place of concealment near the house1 approached it1 and gently knocked at the door4 ,it was opened1 and he entered cautiously4 ,a few whispered sentences passed with some friend within1 which being over1 he proceeded1 though with some hesitation1 to mount the stairs and pace along the corridor4 ,my boots 7for ,i was the ecclesiastic7 creaked and crackled like mad boots4 ,onward ,i went1 like the ,ghost in ,hamlet1 only with very vocal buskins4 ,i reached ,gray's room and opened the door4 ,a strange sight met my eyes through the green glass goggles which ,i wore over them4 ,gray was pacing up and down1 in evident fear4 ,a quantity of half-burnt cigars1 some bottles of wine1 glasses1 the lamp1 and1 above all1 two pistols were on the table4 ,as ,i opened the door1 and the light fell on me1 ,i feared that ,i should be discovered4 ,but the gambler was afraid--and fear has no eyes4 ,i advanced into the room1 and solemnly waved to him to follow4 ,he must have caught up a pistol ere he did so4 ,i led the way4 ,it was my determination to lead him a long chase1 and leave him in a ditch if possible1 ,le ,brun being near at hand to cudgel him4 ,he had readily understood my pantomime 7,i studied under ,jones the player when in training for orders71 for ,i found he followed me1 though at a distance4 ,but all my plans were disconcerted4 ,as ,i reached the stair-head ,i heard a noise1 and stopped2 so did ,gray4 ,it was as of some one forcing the house door4 ,directly afterwards ,i heard the loud cries of the real goblin's boots1 and the sound of ,le ,brun in swift pursuit4 ,take care1 monsieur1 he cried up the stairs to me4 ,by heaven they are robbers--murderers6 ,help6 help6 roared ,gray from behind2 and as the real apparition came gliding up1 he fired his pistol at it4 ,the unexpected sound of the weapon1 so close to my ear1 too1 stunned me for a moment2 but ,i recovered myself directly1 and flung myself on him1 in fear lest he had his second pistol1 too1 and might fire at me4 ,the real goblin continued to advance1 and ,i felt ,gray tremble with terror in my arms as it survived the shot4 ,an unwonted boldness came over me4 ,i felt myself committed to be brave4 ,villain6 ,i muttered in his ear1 you would swindle my descendant out of all he has8 ,no--forgive me4 ,i will not take a sou4 ,his acceptance--where is it8 ,give it me4 ,he shuddered4 ,i will give it to you1 he said4 ,i released him1 and followed to the lamp-lighted chamber4 ,the other apparition creaked after him1 too1 and at the door ,i gave it the precedence4 ,it was well ,i did so4 ,the sudden light seemed to make ,gray bold1 for snatching up the other pistol he levelled it at the ,simon ,pure1 and before ,i could utter a word1 fired4 ,the shot must have passed clean through the breast of the ,mysterious ,stranger--he only bowed4 ,gray was now in mortal fear4 ,give up that bill1 ,i said in solemn1 pedal tones4 ,he drew it frantically from his pocket1 and1 leaping up1 gave it to the mysterious one4 ,go to th---- he began1 with a sort of ferocious recklessness4 ,the next moment he was sprawling on the floor4 ,the ,goblin reached out his hand1 and struck ,gray1 as it seemed1 lightly with it4 ,i would have raised him4 ,i motioned to do so2 but my original touched me on the shoulder1 handed me the bill1 and motioned to me to follow4 ,i did not like his notes of hand--his signature by mark on ,gray's face--,i therefore at once obeyed4 ,le ,brun had vanished4 ,the stranger led me by the old route till we were again close to the tottering cow-house4 ,here he paused1 as on the last occasion1 and was1 perhaps1 preparing to disappear again4 ,one moment1 sir1 ,i said4 ,be good enough to explain yourself more plainly than you did last night4 ,however much ,i may admire your acting1 and it has beaucoup de l',esprit about it1 family arrangements will prevent me from again assisting---- ,he nodded as though he quite understood me1 advanced to the side of the shed1 stopped under a sort of window1 and then1 deliberately sitting down on the grass1 began to pull off his boots4 ,i gazed at him in amazement1 and was about to address him again1 when a little cloud sailed across the moon1 and for a moment shaded all the place4 ,as it passed away1 and ,i looked to our mysterious visitant and my mysterious ,original1 no remains of him were to be seen--except the boots4 ,at this moment ,le ,brun joined me4 ,i was the first 7as before and as ever7 to throw aside my natural fears1 and ,i advanced to the spot4 ,there were two highly polished ,bluchers1 side by side1 as if they waited till the occupant of the cow-house was out of bed and shaved4 ,i took one of them up4 ,something inside chinked4 ,i reversed it1 and three ,napoleons fell upon the turf4 ,i was wondering why a ,french farmer-ghost should choose a ,blucher to deliver ,napoleons into an ,englishman's hands1 when ,le ,brun1 finding nothing in the other boot1 suggested that it would be well to get ,gray out of the neighborhood1 and perhaps the three ,napoleons might be useful to him4 ,to this ,i agreed at once1 though ,i was somewhat dissatisfied with the little fellow for the small share he had taken in the risks of the evening4 ,i went to the room where the gambler was2 he was evidently in mortal fear4 ,i put down the ,napoleons on the table1 and then in those deep1 pedal1 and ecclesiastical notes1 which have so often hymned my congregation to repose1 informed him that friends of ,john ,finnis were in the town1 that he was proclaimed to the authorities1 and that he had better leave the neighborhood for ever4 ,with this ,i left him1 joined ,le ,brun1 and was soon on my way back to ,honfleur4 ,it was well ,i drew the shot from his pistols1 said ,le ,brun1 as we were parting4 ,i did not then see any latent meaning in his words1 nor would he ever afterwards answer any questions on the subject4 ,i had forgotten to remove my ghostly dresses and decorations1 and ,grace and ,emma both uttered gentle screams as ,i stalked into their presence4 ,my tale was soon told1 and we retired to rest4 ,here the whole tale ends4 ,as the events ,i recorded recede into the past1 ,i begin almost to doubt the truth of them4 ,but ,i have one living evidence--now ,i am glad to say not single--and ,le ,brun may fairly lay it to me that he has at this moment the most agreeable little lady in all ,normandy for his wedded wife4 ,i am not aware if ,boots still visits the glimpses of the moon at ,st4 ,sauveur1 for soon after these events ,i was obliged to return to my parish to put down the ,popish fooleries which ,i found my hack had begun to introduce4 ,if1 however1 he does1 ,i only hope his reappearance will be as useful as in the above little narrative1 but the ,brown1 the ,gray--and the narrator have now done with him for ever4 ,,crebillon1 ,,the ,,french ,,aeschylus4 ,from ,fraser's ,magazine4 ,about the year #afgj1 there lived at ,dijon a certain notary1 an original in his way1 named ,melchior ,jolyot4 ,his father was an innkeeper2 but of a more ambitious nature than his sire1 the son1 so soon as he had succeeded in collecting a little money1 purchased for himself the office of head clerk in the ,chambres des ,comptes of ,dijon1 with the title of ,greffier of the same4 ,during the following year1 having long been desirous of a title of nobility1 he acquired1 at a very low price1 a little abandoned and almost unknown fief1 that of ,crebillon1 situated about a league and a half from the city4 ,his son1 ,prosper ,jolyot1 the future poet1 was at that time a young man of about two-and-twenty years of age1 a student at law1 and then on the eve of being admitted as advocate at the ,french bar4 ,from the first years of his sojourn in ,paris1 we find that he called himself ,prosper ,jolyot de ,crebillon4 ,about sixty years later1 a worthy philosopher of ,dijon1 a certain ,monsieur ,j4 ,b4 ,michault1 writes as follows to the ,president de ,ruffey3--,last ,saturday 7,june #aith1 #agfb71 our celebrated ,crebillon was interred at ,st4 ,gervais4 ,in his billets de mort they gave him the title of ecuyer2 but what appears to me more surprising1 is the circumstance of his son adopting that of messire4 ,crebillon had then ended by cradling himself in a sort of imaginary nobility4 ,in #agfa1 we find him writing to the ,president de ,brosse3 ,i have ever taken so little thought respecting my own origin1 that ,i have neglected certain very flattering elucidations on this point4 ,m4 de ,ricard1 maitre des comptes at ,dijon1 gave my father one day two titles he had found4 ,of these two titles1 written in very indifferent ,latin1 the first concerned one ,jolyot1 chamberlain of ,raoul1 ,duke of ,burgundy2 the second1 a certain ,jolyot1 chamberlain of ,philippe le ,bon4 ,both of these titles are lost4 ,i can also remember having heard it said in my youth by some old inhabitants of ,nuits1 my father's native place1 that there formerly existed in those cantons a certain very powerful and noble family1 named ,jolyot4 ,o vanity of vanities6 would it be believed that1 under the democratic reign of the ,encyclopoedia1 a man like ,crebillon1 ennobled by his own talents and genius1 could have thus hugged himself in the possession of a vain and deceitful chimera6 ,for truth compels us to own that1 from the fifteenth to the end of the seventeenth century1 the ,jolyots were never any thing more or less than honest innkeepers1 who sold their wine unadulterated1 as it was procured from the black or golden grapes of the ,burgundy hills4 ,meanwhile ,crebillon1 finding that his titles of nobility were uncontested1 pushed his aristocratic weakness so far as to affirm one day that his family bore on its shield an eagle1 or1 on a field1 azure1 holding in its beak a lily1 proper1 leaved and sustained1 argent4 ,all went1 however1 according to his wishes2 his son allied himself by an unexpected marriage to one of the first families of ,england4 ,the old tragic poet could then pass into the other world with the consoling reflection that he left behind him here below a name not only honored in the world of letters1 but inscribed also in the golden muster-roll of the ,french nobility4 ,but unfortunately for poor ,crebillon's family tree1 about a century after the creation of this mushroom nobility--which1 like the majority of the nobilities of the eighteenth century1 had its foundation in the sand--a certain officious antiquary1 who happened at the time to have nothing better to do1 bethought himself one day of inquiring into the validity of his claim4 ,he devoted to this strange occupation several years of precious time4 ,by dint of shaking the dust from off the archives of ,dijon and ,nuits1 and of rummaging the minutes of the notaries of the department1 he succeeded at length in ferreting out the genealogical tree of the ,jolyot family4 ,some1 the most glorious of its members1 had been notaries1 others had been innkeepers4 ,shade of ,crebillon1 pardon this impious archaeologist1 who thus1 with ruthless hands1 destroyed at one fell swoop the brilliant scaffolding of your vanity6 ,prosper ,jolyot de ,crebillon was born at ,dijon1 on the #acth of ,february1 #afgd2 like ,corneille1 ,bossuet1 and ,voltaire1 he studied at the ,jesuits' college of his native town4 ,it is well known that in all their seminaries1 the ,jesuits kept secret registers1 wherein they inscribed1 under the name of each pupil1 certain notes in ,latin upon his intellect and character4 ,it was the ,abbe d',olivet who1 it is said1 inscribed the note referring to ,crebillon3--,puer ingeniosus sed insignis nebulo4 ,but it must be said that the collegiate establishments of the holy brotherhood housed certain pedagogues1 who abused their right of pronouncing judgment on the scholars4 ,crebillon1 after all1 was but a lively1 frolicksome child1 free and unreserved to excess in manners and speech4 ,his father1 notary and later greffier en chef of the ,chambre des ,comptes at ,dijon1 being above all things desirous that his family should become distinguished in the magistracy1 destined his son to the law1 saying that the best heritage he could leave him was his own example4 ,crebillon resigned himself to his father's wishes with a very good grace1 and repaired to ,paris1 there to keep his terms4 ,in the capital1 he divided his time between study and the pleasures and amusements natural to his age4 ,as soon as he was admitted as advocate1 he entered the chambers of a procureur named ,prieur1 son of the ,prieur celebrated by ,scarron1 an intimate friend of his father1 who greeted him fraternally4 ,one would have supposed that our future poet1 who bore audacity on his countenance1 and genius on his brow1 would1 like ,achilles1 have recognized his sex when they showed him arms2 but far from this being the case1 not only was it necessary to warn him that he was a poet1 but even to impel him bodily1 as it were1 and despite himself1 into the arena4 ,the writers and poets of ,france have ever railed in good set terms against procureurs1 advocates1 and all such common-place1 every-day personages2 and in general1 we are bound to confess they have had right on their side4 ,we must1 however1 render justice to one of them1 the only one1 perhaps1 who ever showed a taste for poetry4 ,the worthy man to whom1 fortunately for himself1 ,crebillon had been confided1 remarked at an early stage of their acquaintanceship1 the romantic disposition of his pupil4 ,of the same country as ,piron and ,rameau1 ,crebillon possessed1 like them1 the same frank gayety and good-tempered heedlessness of character1 which betrayed his ,burgundian origin4 ,having at an early age inhaled the intoxicating perfumes of the ,burgundian wines1 his first essays in poetry were1 as might be expected1 certain chansons a boire1 none of which1 however1 have descended to posterity4 ,the worthy procureur1 amazed at the degree of power shown even in these slight drinking-songs1 earnestly advised him to become a poet by profession4 ,crebillon was then twenty-seven years of age2 he resisted1 alleging that he did not believe he possessed the true creative genius2 that every poet is in some sort a species of deity1 holding chaos in one hand1 and light and life in the other2 and that1 for his part1 he possessed but a bad pen1 destined to defend bad causes in worse style4 ,but the procureur was not to be convinced2 he had discovered that a spark of the creative fire already shone in the breast of ,crebillon4 ,do not deny yourself becoming a poet1 he would frequently say to him2 it is written upon your brow2 your looks have told me so a thousand times4 ,there is but one man in all ,france capable of taking up the mantle of ,racine1 and that man is yourself4 ,crebillon exclaimed against this opinion2 but having been left alone for a few hours to transcribe a parliamentary petition1 he recalled to mind the magic of the stage--the scenery1 the speeches1 the applause2 a moment of inspiration seized him4 ,when the procureur returned1 his pupil extended his hand to him1 exclaiming1 enthusiastically1 ,you have pointed out the way for me1 and ,i shall depart4 ,do not be in a hurry1 replied the procureur2 a chef d'oeuvre is not made in a week4 ,remain quietly where you are1 as if you were still a procureur's clerk2 eat my bread and drink my wine2 when you have completed your work1 you may then take your flight4 ,crebillon accordingly remained in the procureur's office1 and at the very desk on which he transcribed petitions1 he composed the five long acts of a barbarous tragedy1 entitled1 ,the ,death of ,brutus4 ,the work finished1 our good-natured procureur brought all his interest into play1 in order to obtain a reading of the piece at the ,comedie ,francaise4 ,after many applications1 ,crebillon was permitted to read his play3 it was unanimously rejected4 ,the poet was furious2 he returned home to the procureur's1 and casting down his manuscript at the good man's feet1 exclaimed1 in a voice of despair1 ,you have dishonored me6 ,d',alembert says1 ,crebillon's fury burst upon the procureur's head2 he regarded him almost in the light of an enemy who had advised him only for his own dishonor1 swore to listen to him no more1 and never to write another line of verse so long as he lived4 ,crebillon1 however1 in his rage maligned the worthy procureur2 he would not have found elsewhere so hospitable a roof or as true a friend4 ,he returned to the study of the law1 but the decisive step had been taken2 beneath the advocate's gown the poet had already peeped forth4 ,and then1 the procureur was never tired of predicting future triumphs4 ,crebillon ventured upon another tragedy1 and chose for his subject the story of the ,cretan king1 ,idomeneus4 ,this time the comedians accepted his piece1 and shortly afterwards played it4 ,its success was doubtful1 but the author fancied he had received sufficient encouragement to continue his new career4 ,in his next piece1 ,atree1 ,crebillon1 who had commenced as a school-boy1 now raised himself1 as it were1 to the dignity of a master4 ,the comedians learned their parts with enthusiasm4 ,on the morning of the first representation1 the procureur summoned the young poet to his bedside1 for he was then stricken with a mortal disease3 ,my friend1 said he1 ,i have a presentiment that this very evening you will be greeted by the critics of the nation as a son of the great ,corneille4 ,there are but a few days of life remaining for me2 ,i have no longer strength to walk1 but be assured that ,i shall be at my post this evening1 in the pit of the ,theatre ,francaise4 ,true to his word1 the good old man had himself carried to the theatre4 ,the intelligent judges applauded certain passages of the tragedy1 in which wonderful power1 as well as many startling beauties1 were perceptible2 but at the catastrophe1 when ,atreus compels ,thyestes to drink the blood of his son1 there was a general exclamation of horror--7,gabrielle de ,vergy1 be it remarked1 had not then eaten on the stage the heart of her lover74 ,the procureur1 says ,d',alembert1 would have left the theatre in sorrow1 if he had awaited the judgment of the audience in order to fix his own4 ,the pit appeared more terrified than interested2 it beheld the curtain fall without uttering a sound either of approval or condemnation1 and dispersed in that solemn and ominous silence which bodes no good for the future welfare of the piece4 ,but the procureur judged better than the public1 or rather1 he anticipated its future judgment4 ,the play over1 he proceeded to the green-room to seek his pupil1 who1 still in a state of the greatest uncertainty as to his fate1 was already almost resigned to a failure2 he embraced ,crebillon in a transport of admiration3 ',i die content1' said he4 ',i have made you a poet2 and ,i leave a man to the nation6' ,and1 in fact1 at each representation of the piece1 the public discovered fresh beauties1 and abandoned itself with real pleasure to the terror which the poet inspired4 ,a few days afterwards1 the name of ,crebillon became celebrated throughout ,paris and the provinces1 and all imagined that the spirit of the great ,corneille had indeed revisited earth to animate the muse of the young ,burgundian4 ,crebillon's father was greatly irritated on finding that his son had1 as they said then1 abandoned ,themis for ,melpomene4 ,in vain did the procureur plead his pupil's cause--in vain did ,crebillon address to this true father a supplication in verse1 to obtain pardon for him from his sire2 the greffier en chef of ,dijon was inexorable2 to his son's entreaties he replied that he cursed him1 and that he was about to make a new will4 ,to complete1 as it were1 his downfall in the good opinion of this individual1 who possessed such a blind infatuation for the law1 ,crebillon wrote him a letter1 in which the following passage occurs3 ,i am about to get married1 if you have no objection1 to the most beautiful girl in ,paris2 you may believe me1 sir1 upon this point1 for her beauty is all that she possesses4 ,to this his father replied3 ,sir1 your tragedies are not to my taste1 your children will not be mine2 commit as many follies as you please1 ,i shall console myself with the reflection that ,i refused my consent to your marriage2 and ,i would strongly advise you1 sir1 to depend more than ever on your pieces for support1 for you are no longer a member of my family4 ,crebillon1 for all that1 married1 as he said1 the most beautiful girl in ,paris--the gentle and charming ,charlotte ,peaget1 of whom ,dufresny has spoken4 ,she was the daughter of an apothecary1 and it was while frequenting her father's shop that ,crebillon became acquainted with her4 ,there was nothing very romantic1 it is true1 in the match2 but love spreads a charm over all that it comes in contact with4 ,thus1 a short time before his marriage1 ,crebillon perceived his intended giving out some marshmallow and violets to a sick customer3 ,my dear ,charlotte1 said he1 we will go together1 some of these days1 among our ,dijonnaise mountains1 to collect violets and marshmallows for your father4 ,it was shortly after his marriage and removal to the ,place ,maubert1 that he first evinced his strange mania for cats and dogs1 and1 above all1 his singular passion for tobacco4 ,he was1 beyond contradiction1 the greatest smoker of his day4 ,it has been stated by some of the writers of the time1 that he could not turn a single rhyme of a tragedy1 save in an obscure and smoky chamber1 surrounded by a noisy pack of dogs and cats2 according to the same authorities1 he would very frequently1 also1 in the middle of the day1 close the shutters1 and light candles4 ,a thousand other extravagances have been attributed to ,crebillon2 but we ought to accept with caution the recitals of these anecdote-mongers1 who were far too apt to imagine they were portraying a man1 when in reality they were but drawing a ridiculous caricature4 ,when ,m4 ,melchior ,jolyot learned that his son had1 in defiance of his paternal prohibition1 actually wedded the apothecary's daughter1 his grief and rage knew no bounds4 ,the worthy man believed in his recent nobility as firmly as he did in his religion1 and his son's mesalliance nearly drove him to despair3 this time he actually carried his threat into execution1 and made a formal will1 by virtue of which he completely disinherited the poet4--,fortunately for ,crebillon1 his father1 before bidding adieu to the world and his nobility1 undertook a journey to ,paris1 curious1 even in the midst of his rage1 to judge for himself the merits and demerits of the theatrical tomfooleries1 as he called them1 of his silly boy1 who had married the apothecary's daughter1 and who1 in place of gaining nobility and station in a procureur's office1 had written a parcel of trash for actors to spout4 ,we must say1 however1 that ,crebillon could not have retained a better counsel to urge his claims before the paternal tribunal than his wife1 the much maligned apothecary's daughter1 one of the loveliest and most amiable women in ,paris2 and we may add1 that this nobility of which his father thought so much--the nobility of the robe--which had not been acquired in a ,dijonnaise family until after the lapse of three generations1 was scarcely equal to the nobility of the pen1 which ,crebillon had acquired by the exercise of his own talents4 ,the old greffier1 then1 came to ,paris for the purpose of witnessing one of the sad tomfooleries of that unhappy profligate1 who in better times had been his son4 ,fate so willed it that on that night ,atree should be performed4 ,the old man was seized with mingled emotions of terror1 grief1 and admiration4 ,that very evening1 being resolved not to rest until he had seen his son1 he called a coach on leaving the theatre1 and drove straight to the ,faubourg ,saint ,marceau1 to the house which had been pointed out to him as the dwelling of ,crebillon4 ,no sooner had the doors opened than out rushed seven or eight dogs1 who cast themselves upon the old greffier1 uttering in every species of canine patois the loudest possible demonstrations of welcome4 ,one word from ,madame ,crebillon1 however1 was sufficient to recall this unruly pack to order2 yet the dogs1 having no doubt instinctively discovered a family likeness1 continued to gambol round the limbs of ,m4 ,melchior ,jolyot1 to the latter's no small confusion and alarm4 ,charlotte1 who was alone1 waiting supper for her husband1 was much surprised at this unexpected visit4 ,at first she imagined that it was some great personage who had come to offer the poet his patronage and protection2 but after looking at her visitor two or three times1 she suddenly exclaimed3 ,you are my husband's father1 or at least you are one of the ,jolyot family4 ,the old greffier1 though intending to have maintained his incognito until his son's return1 could no longer resist the desire of abandoning himself to the delights of a reconciliation2 he embraced his daughter-in-law tenderly1 shedding tears of joy1 and accusing himself all the while for his previous unnatural harshness3 ,yes1 yes1 cried he1 yes1 you are still my children--all that ,i have is yours6 then1 after a moment's silence1 he continued1 in a tone of sadness3 ,but how does it happen that1 with his great success1 my son has condemned his wife to such a home and such a supper8 ,condemned1 did you say8 murmured ,charlotte2 do not deceive yourself1 we are quite happy here2 so saying she took her father-in-law by the hand1 and led him into the adjoining room1 to a cradle covered with white curtains4 ,look6 said she1 turning back the curtains with maternal solicitude4 ,the old man's heart melted outright at the sight of his grandchild4 ,are we not happy8 continued the mother4 ,what more do we require8 ,we live on a little1 and when we have no money1 my father assists us4 ,they returned to the sitting-room4 ,what wine is this8 said the old ,burgundian1 uncorking the bottle intended to form part of their frugal repast4 ,what6 he exclaimed1 my son fallen so low as this6 ,the ,crebillons have always drunk good wine4 ,at this instant1 the dogs set up a tremendous barking3 ,crebillon was ascending the stairs4 ,a few moments afterwards he entered the room escorted by a couple of dogs1 which had followed him from the theatre4 ,what6 two more6 exclaimed the father2 this is really too much4 ,son1 he continued1 ,i am come to entreat your pardon2 in my anxiety to show myself your father1 ,i had forgotten that my first duty was to love you4 ,crebillon cast himself into his father's arms4 ,but parbleu1 ,monsieur1 continued the old notary1 ,i cannot forgive you for having so many dogs4 ,you are right1 father2 but what would become of these poor animals were ,i not to take compassion upon them8 ,it is not good for man to be alone1 says the ,scripture4 ,no longer able to live with my fellow-creatures1 ,i have surrounded myself with dogs4 ,the dog is the solace and friend of the solitary man4 ,but ,i should imagine you were not alone here1 said the father1 with a glance towards ,charlotte1 and the infant's cradle4 ,who knows8 said the young wife1 with an expression of touching melancholy in her voice4 ,it is perhaps through a presentiment that he speaks thus4 ,i much fear that ,i shall not live long4 ,he has but one friend upon the earth1 and that friend is myself4 ,now1 when ,i shall be no more---- ,but you shall not die1 interrupted ,crebillon1 taking her in his arms4 ,could ,i exist without you8 ,madame ,crebillon was not deceived in her presentiments3 the poet1 who1 we know1 lived to a patriarchal age1 lived on in widowed solitude for upwards of fifty years4 ,crebillon and his wife accompanied the old greffier back from ,paris to ,dijon1 where1 to the great surprise of the inhabitants1 the father presented his son as ,m4 ,jolyot de ,crebillon1 who has succeeded ,messieurs ,corneille and ,racine in the honors of the ,french stage4 ,crebillon had the greatest possible difficulty in restraining the enthusiasm of his sire4 ,he succeeded1 however1 at length1 not through remonstrance1 but by the insatiable ardor he displayed in diving into the paternal money-bags4 ,after a sojourn of three months at ,dijon1 ,crebillon returned to ,paris2 and well for him it was that he did so2 a month longer1 and the father would indubitably have quarrelled with him again1 and would have remade his will1 disinheriting this time1 not the rebellious child1 but the prodigal son4 ,crebillon1 in fact1 never possessed the art of keeping his money2 and in this respect he but followed the example of all those who1 in imagination1 remove mountains of gold4 ,scarcely had he arrived in ,paris when he was obliged to return to ,dijon4 ,the old greffier had died suddenly4 ,the inheritance was a most difficult one to unravel4 ,i have come here1 writes ,crebillon to the elder of the brothers ,paris1 only to inherit law-suits4 ,and1 true enough1 he allowed himself to be drawn blindly into the various suits which arose in consequence of certain informalities in the old man's will1 and which eventually caused almost the entire property to drop1 bit by bit1 into the pockets of the lawyers4 ,i was a great blockhead1 wrote ,crebillon later2 ,i went about reciting passages from my tragedies to these lawyers1 who feigned to pale with admiration2 and this manoeuvre of theirs blinded me2 ,i perceived not that all the while these cunning foxes were devouring my substance2 but it is the fate of poets to be ever like ,la ,fontaine's crow4 ,out of this property he succeeded only in preserving the little fief of ,crebillon1 the income derived from which he gave up to his sisters4 ,on his return to ,paris1 however1 he changed altogether his style of living2 he removed his penates to the neighborhood of the ,luxembourg1 and placed his establishment on quite a seignorial footing1 as if he had become heir to a considerable property4 ,this act of folly can scarcely be explained4 ,the report1 of course1 was spread1 that he had inherited property to a large amount4 ,most probably he wished1 by acting thus1 to save the family honor1 or1 to speak more correctly1 the family vanity1 by seeking to deceive the world as to the precise amount of the ,jolyot estate4 ,true wisdom inhabits not the world in which we dwell4 ,crebillon sought all the superfluities of luxury4 ,in vain did his wife endeavor to restrain him in his extravagances2 in vain did she recal to his mind their frugal but happy meals1 and the homely furniture of their little dwelling in the ,place ,maubert2 so gay for all that on sunny days4 ,well1 he would reply1 if we must return there1 ,i shall not complain4 ,what matters if the wine be not so good1 so that it is always your hand which pours it out4 ,fortunately1 that year was one of successive triumphs for ,crebillon4 ,the ,electre carried off all suffrages1 and astonished even criticism itself4 ,in this piece the poet had softened down the harshness of his tints1 and while still maintaining his majestic character1 had kept closer to nature and humanity4 ,electre was followed by ,rhadamiste1 which was at the time extolled as a perfect chef-d'oeuvre of style and vigor4 ,there is in this play1 if we may be allowed the term1 a certain rude nobility of expression1 which is the true characteristic of ,crebillon's genius4 ,it was this tragedy which inspired ,voltaire with the idea1 that on the stage it is better to strike hard than true4 ,the enthusiastic auditory admitted1 that if ,racine could paint love1 ,crebillon could depict hatred4 ,boileau1 who was then dying1 and who1 could he have had his wish1 would have desired that ,french literature might stop at his name1 exclaimed1 that this success was scandalous4 ,i have lived too long6 cried the old poet1 in a violent rage4 ,to what a pack of ,visigoths have ,i left the ,french stage a prey6 ,the ,pradons1 whom we so often ridiculed1 were eagles compared to these fellows4 ,boileau resembled in some respect old ,nestor of the ,iliad1 when he said to the ,greek kings--,i would advise you to listen to me1 for ,i have formerly mixed with men who were your betters4 ,the public1 however1 amply avenged ,crebillon for the bitter judgment of ,boileau2 in eight days two editions of the ,rhadamiste were exhausted4 ,and this was not all3 the piece having been played by command of the ,regent before the court at ,versailles1 was applauded to the echo4 ,despite these successes1 ,crebillon was not long in getting to the bottom of his purse4 ,in the hope of deferring as long as he possibly could the evil hour when he should be obliged to return to his former humble style of living1 he used every possible means to replenish his almost exhausted exchequer4 ,he borrowed three thousand crowns from ,baron ,hoguer1 who was the resource of literary men in the days of the ,regency2 and sold to a ,jew usurer his author's rights upon a tragedy which was yet to be written4 ,he had counted upon the success of ,xerxes2 but this tragedy proved an utter failure4 ,crebillon1 however1 was a man of strong mind4 ,he returned home that evening with a calm1 and even smiling countenance3 ,well1 eagerly exclaimed ,madame ,crebillon1 who had been awaiting in anxiety the return of her husband4 ,well1 replied he1 they have damned my play2 to-morrow we will return to our old habits again4 ,and1 true to his word1 on the following morning ,crebillon returned to the ,place ,maubert1 where he hired a little apartment near his father-in-law1 who could still offer our poet and his wife1 when hard pressed1 a glass of his vin ordinaire and a share of his dinner4 ,out of all his rich furniture ,crebillon selected but a dozen cats and dogs1 whom he chose as the companions of his exile4 ,to quote d',alembert's words--,like ,alcibiades1 in former days1 he passed from ,persian luxury to ,spartan austerity1 and1 what in all probability ,alcibiades was not1 he was happier in the second state than he had been in the first4 ,his wife was in retirement what she had been in the world4 ,she never complained4 ,perhaps even she showed herself in a more charming light1 as the kind and devoted companion of the hissed and penniless poet1 than as the admired wife of the popular dramatist4 ,poor ,madame ,crebillon hid their poverty from her husband with touching delicacy2 he almost fancied himself rich1 such a magic charm did she contrive to cast over their humble dwelling4 ,like ,midas1 she appeared to possess the gift of changing whatever she touched into gold1 that is to say1 of giving life and light by her winning grace to every thing with which she came in contact4 ,blessed1 thrice blessed is that man1 be he poet or philosopher1 who1 like ,crebillon1 has felt and understood that amiability and a contented mind are in a wife treasures inexhaustible1 compared to which mere mundane wealth fades into utter insignificance4 ,no word of complaint or peevish expression ever passed ,madame ,crebillon's lips2 she was proud of her poet's glory1 and endeavored always to sustain him in his independent ideas2 she would listen resignedly to all his dreams of future triumphs1 and knew how to cast herself into his arms when he would declare that he desired nothing more from mankind4 ,one day1 however1 when there was no money in the house1 on seeing him return with a dog under each arm1 she ventured on a quiet remonstrance4 ,take care1 ,monsieur de ,crebillon1 she said1 with a smile1 we have already eight dogs and fifteen cats4 ,well1 ,i know that1 replied ,crebillon2 but see how piteously these poor dogs look at us2 could ,i leave them to die of hunger in the street8 ,but did it not strike you that they might possibly die of hunger here8 ,i can fully understand and enter into your feelings of love and pity for these poor animals1 but we must not convert the house into a hospital for foundling dogs4 ,why despair8 said ,crebillon4 ,providence never abandons genius and virtue4 ,the report goes that ,i am to be of the ,academy4 ,i do not believe it1 said ,madame ,crebillon4 ,fontenelle and ,la ,motte1 who are but beaux esprits1 will never permit a man like you to seat himself beside them1 for if you were of the ,academy1 would you not be the king of it8 ,crebillon1 however1 began his canvass1 but as his wife had foreseen1 ,fontenelle and ,la ,motte succeeded in having him black-balled4 ,all these little literary thorns1 however1 only imparted greater charms to the calm felicity of ,crebillon's domestic hearth2 but we must now open the saddest page of our poet's hitherto peaceful and happy existence4 ,one evening1 on his return from the ,cafe ,procope1 the resort of all the wits and litterateurs of the eighteenth century1 ,crebillon found his wife in a state of great agitation1 half-undressed1 and pressing their sleeping infant to her bosom4 ,why1 ,charlotte1 what is the matter8 he exclaimed4 ,i am afraid1 replied she1 trembling1 and looking towards the bed4 ,what folly6 you are like the children1 you are frightened at shadows4 ,yes1 ,i am frightened at shadows2 just now1 as ,i was undressing1 ,i saw a spectre glide along at the foot of the bed4 ,i was ready to sink to the earth with terror1 and it was with the greatest difficulty that ,i could muster strength enough to reach the child's cradle4 ,child yourself1 said ,crebillon1 playfully2 you merely saw the shadow of the bed-curtains4 ,no1 no1 cried the young wife1 seizing the poet's hand--it was ,death6 ,i recognized him2 for it is not the first time that he has shown himself to me4 ,ah6 mon ami1 with what grief and terror shall ,i prepare to lie down in the cold earth6 ,if you love me as ,i love you1 do not leave me for an instant2 help me to die1 for if you are by my side at that hour1 ,i shall fancy ,i am but dropping asleep4 ,greatly shocked at what he heard1 ,crebillon took his child in his arms1 and carried it back to its cradle4 ,he returned to his wife1 pressed her to his bosom1 and sought vainly for words to relieve her apprehensions1 and to lead back her thoughts into less sombre channels4 ,he at length succeeded1 but not without great difficulty1 in persuading her to retire to rest2 she scarcely closed an eye4 ,poor ,crebillon sat in silence by the bedside of his wife praying fervently in his heart2 for perhaps he believed in omens and presentiments even to a greater degree than did ,charlotte4 ,finding1 at length1 that she had dropped asleep1 he got into bed himself4 ,when he awoke in the morning1 he beheld ,charlotte bending over him in a half-raised posture1 as though she had been attentively regarding him as he slept4 ,terrified at the deadly paleness of her cheeks1 and the unnatural brilliancy of her eyes1 and sensitive and tender-hearted as a child1 he was unable to restrain his tears4 ,she cast herself passionately into his arms1 and covered his cheeks with tears and kisses4 ',tis all over now1 she whispered1 in a broken voice2 my heart beats too strongly to beat much longer1 but ,i die contented and happy1 for ,i see by your tears that you will not forget me4 ,crebillon rose hastily and ran to his father-in-law4 ,alas6 said the poor apothecary1 her mother1 who was as beautiful and as good as she1 died young of a disease of the heart1 and her child will go the same way4 ,all the most celebrated physicians of the day were called in1 but before they could determine upon a method of treatment1 the spirit of poor ,charlotte had taken flight from its earthly tabernacle4 ,crebillon1 inconsolable at his loss1 feared not the ridicule 7for in the eighteenth century all such exhibitions of feeling were considered highly ridiculous7 of lamenting his wife2 he wept her loss during half a century--in other words1 to his last hour4 ,during the space of two years he scarcely appeared once at the ,theatre ,francaise4 ,he had the air of a man of another age1 so completely a stranger did he seem to all that was going on around him4 ,one might say that he still lived with his divine ,charlotte2 he would speak to her unceasingly1 as if her gentle presence was still making the wilderness of his solitary dwelling blossom like the rose4 ,after fifteen years of mourning1 some friends one day surprised him in his solitude1 speaking aloud to his dear ,charlotte1 relating to her his projects for the future1 and recalling their past days of happiness3 ,ah1 ,charlotte1 he exclaimed1 they all tell me of my glory1 yet ,i think but of thee6 ,the friends of ,crebillon1 uneasy respecting his future destiny1 had advised him during the preceding year to present himself at court1 where he was received and recognized as a man of genius4 ,in the early days of his widowhood1 he quitted ,paris suddenly and took up his residence at ,versailles4 ,but at ,versailles he lived as he had done in ,paris1 immured in his chamber1 and entirely engrossed with his own sombre and lugubrious thoughts and visions2 in consequence of this1 he was scarcely noticed2 the king seeing before him a species of ,danubian peasant1 proud of his genius and his poverty1 treated him with an almost disdainful coldness of manner4 ,crebillon did not at first comprehend his position at ,versailles4 ,he was a simple-minded philosopher1 who had studied heroes and not men4 ,at length1 convinced that a poet at court is like a fish out of water1 he returned to ,paris to live more nobly with his heroes and his poverty4 ,he retired to the ,marais1 to the ,rue des ,deux-,portes1 taking with him only a bed1 a table1 two chairs1 and an arm-chair1 in case1 to use his own words1 an honest man should come to visit him4 ,irritated at the rebuff he had met with at ,versailles1 ashamed of having solicited in vain the justice of the king1 he believed henceforth only in liberty4 ,liberty1 said he1 is the most vivid sentiment engraven on my heart4 ,unintentionally1 perhaps1 he avenged himself in the first work he undertook after this event3 the tragedy of ,cromwell1--an altar1 as he said1 which ,i erect to liberty4 ,according to ,d',alembert1 he read to his friends some scenes of this play1 in which our ,british aversion for absolutism was painted with wild and startling energy2 in consequence thereof1 he received an order forbidding him to continue his piece4 ,his ,cromwell was a villain certainly1 but a villain which would have told well upon the stage1 from the degree of grandeur and heroic dignity with which the author had invested the character4 ,from that day he had enemies2 but indeed it might be said that he had had enemies from the evening of the first representation of his ,electre4 ,success here below has no other retinue4 ,crebillon was now almost penniless4 ,by degrees1 without having foreseen such an occurrence1 he began to hear his numerous creditors buzzing around him like a swarm of hornets4 ,not having any thing else to seize1 they seized at the theatre his author's rights4 ,the affair was brought before the courts1 and led to a decree of parliament which ordained that the works of the intellect were not seizable1 consequently ,crebillon retained the income arising from the performance of his tragedies4 ,some years now passed away without bringing any fresh successes4 ,compelled by the court party to discontinue ,cromwell1 he gave ,semiramis1 which1 like ,xerxes1 some time previously1 was a failure4 ,under the impression that the public could not bring itself to relish sombre horrors of human tempests1 he sought to arm himself as it were against his own nature1 to subdue and soften it4 ,the tragedy of ,pyrrhus1 which recalled the tender colors of ,racine1 cost him five years' labor4 ,at that time1 so strong in ,france was the empire of habit1 that this tragedy1 though utterly valueless as a work of art1 and wanting both in style1 relief1 and expression1 was received with enthusiasm4 ,but ,crebillon possessed too much good sense to be blinded by this spurious triumph4 ,it is1 said he1 when speaking of his work1 but the shadow of a tragedy4 ,pyrrhus obtained1 after all1 but a transitory success4 ,after a brief period1 the public began to discover that it was a foreign plant1 which under a new sky gave out but a factitious brilliancy4 ,in despair at having wasted so much precious time in fruitless labor1 and disgusted besides at the conduct of some shameless intriguers who frequented the literary cafes of the capital1 singing his defeat in trashy verse1 ,crebillon now retired almost wholly from the world4 ,he would visit the theatre1 however1 occasionally to chat with a few friends over the literary topics of the day2 but at length even this recreation was abandoned1 and he was seen in the world no more4 ,he lived now without any other friends than his heroes and his cats and dogs1 devouring the novels of ,la ,calprenede1 and relating long-winded romances to himself4 ,his son affirms having seen fifteen dogs and as many cats barking and mewing at one time round his father1 who would speak to them much more tenderly than he would to himself4 ,according to ,freron's account1 ,crebillon would pick up and carry home under his cloak all the wandering dogs he met with in the street1 and give them shelter and hospitality4 ,but in return for this1 he would require from them an aptitude for certain exercises2 when1 at the termination of the prescribed period1 the pupil was convicted of not having profited by the education he had received1 the poet would take him under his cloak again1 put him down at the corner of a street and fly from the spot with tears in his eyes4 ,on the death of ,la ,motte1 ,crebillon was at length admitted into the ,academy4 ,as he was always an eccentric man1 he wrote his ,discourse of reception in verse1 a thing which had never been done before4 ,on pronouncing this line1 which has not yet been forgotten-- ,aucun fiel n'a jamais empoisonne ma plume-- he was enthusiastically applauded4 ,from that day1 but from that day only1 ,crebillon was recognized by his countrymen as a man of honor and virtue1 as well as genius4 ,it was rather late in the day1 however2 he had lost his wife1 his son was mixing in the fashionable world1 he was completely alone1 and almost forgotten1 expecting nothing more from the fickle public4 ,more idle than a lazzarone1 he passed years without writing a single line1 though his ever-active imagination would still produce1 mentally1 tragedy after tragedy4 ,as he possessed a wonderful memory1 he would compose and rhyme off-hand the entire five acts of a piece without having occasion to put pen to paper4 ,one evening1 under the impression that he had produced a masterpiece1 he invited certain of his brother ,academicians to his house to hear his new play4 ,when the party had assembled1 he commenced1 and declaimed the entire tragedy from beginning to end without stopping4 ,judging by the ominous silence with which the conclusion was received1 that his audience was not over delighted with his play1 he exclaimed1 in a pet-- ,you see1 my friends1 ,i was right in not putting my tragedy on paper4 ,why so8 asked ,godoyn4 ,because1 ,i should have had the trouble of throwing it into the fire4 ,now1 ,i shall merely have to forget it1 which is easier done4 ,when ,crebillon seemed no longer formidable in the literary world1 and all were agreed he was in the decline of his genius1 the very men who had previously denied his power1 now thought fit to combat ,voltaire by exalting ,crebillon1 in the same way as they afterwards exalted ,voltaire so soon as another star appeared on the literary horizon4 ,with the intention of humbling the pride of ,voltaire1 they proceeded1 says a writer of the time1 to seek out in his lonely retreat the now aged and forsaken ,crebillon1 who1 mute and solitary for the last thirty years1 was no longer a formidable enemy for them1 but whom they flattered themselves they could oppose as a species of phantom to the illustrious writer by whom they were eclipsed2 just as1 in former days1 the ,leaguers drew an old cardinal from out the obscurity in which he lived1 to give him the empty title of king1 only that they themselves might reign under his name4 ,the literary world was then divided into two adverse parties--the ,crebillonists1 and the ,voltairians4 ,the first1 being masters of all the avenues1 succeeded for a length of time in blinding the public4 ,voltaire passed for a mere wit2 ,crebillon1 for the sole heir of the sceptre of ,corneille and ,racine4 ,it was this clique which invented the formula ever afterwards employed in the designation of these three poets--,corneille the great1 ,racine the tender1 and ,crebillon the tragic4 ,one great advantage ,crebillon possessed over ,voltaire3 he had written nothing for the last thirty years4 ,his friends1 or rather ,voltaire's enemies1 now began to give out that the author of ,rhadamiste was engaged in putting the finishing hand to a tragedy1 a veritable dramatic wonder1 by name ,catilina4 ,madame de ,pompadour herself1 tired of ,voltaire's importunate ambition1 now went over with her forces to the camp of the ,crebillonists4 ,she received ,crebillon at court1 and recommended him to the particular care of ,louis ,,xv41 who conferred a pension on him1 and also appointed him to the office of censor royal4 ,catilina was at length produced with great eclat4 ,the court party1 which was present in force at the first performance1 doubtless contributed in a great measure to the success of the piece4 ,the old poet1 thus encouraged1 set to work on a new play1 the ,triumvirat1 with fresh ardor2 but as was ,voltaire's lot in after years1 it was soon perceptible that the poet was but the shadow of what he had been4 ,out of respect1 however1 for ,crebillon's eighty-eight years1 the tragedy was applauded1 but in a few days the ,triumvirat was played to empty benches4 ,crebillon had now but one thing left to do3 to die1 which1 in fact1 he did in the year #agfb4 ,it cannot be denied that ,crebillon was one of the remarkable men of his century4 ,that untutored genius1 so striking in the boldness and brilliancy of its creations1 but which more frequently repels through its own native barbarity1 was eminently the genius of ,crebillon4 ,but what1 above all1 characterizes the genius of the ,french nation--wit1 grace1 and polish--,crebillon never possessed2 consequently1 with all his vigor and all his force1 he never succeeded in creating a living work4 ,he has depicted human perversity with a proud and daring hand--he has shown the fratricide1 the infanticide1 the parricide1 but he never succeeded in attaining the sublimity of the ,greek drama4 ,and yet ,j4 ,j4 ,rousseau affirmed that of all the ,french tragic poets1 ,crebillon alone had recalled to him the grandeur of the ,greeks4 ,if so1 it was only through the nudity of terror1 for the ,french ,a,eschylus was utterly wanting in what may be termed human and philosophical sentiment4 ,there is a very beautiful portrait of ,crebillon extant1 by ,latour4 ,it would doubtless be supposed that the man1 so terrible in his dramatic furies1 was of a dark and sombre appearance4 ,far from it2 ,crebillon was of a fair complexion1 and had an artless expression of countenance1 and a pair of beautiful blue eyes4 ,it must1 however1 be confessed1 that by his method of borrowing the gestures of his heroes1 coupled1 moreover1 with the habit he had acquired of contracting his eyebrows in the fervor of composition1 ,crebillon in the end became a little more the man of his works4 ,he was1 moreover1 impatient and irritable1 even with his favorite dogs and cats1 and occasionally with his sweet-tempered and angelic wife1 the ever cheerful partner alike of his joys and sorrows1 who had so nobly resigned herself to the chances and changes of his good and ill-fortune2 that loving companion of his hours of profusion and gaiety1 when he aped the grand seigneur1 as well as the devoted sharer of those days of poverty and neglect1 when he retired from the world in disgust1 to the old dwelling-house of the ,place ,maubert4 ,,habits ,,of ,,frederick ,,the ,,great4 ,the principal part of the life of this great monarch was spent in camp1 and in a constant struggle with a host of enemies4 ,yet even then1 when the busy day scarcely afforded a vacant moment1 that moment1 if it came1 was sure to be given to study4 ,let the young shopocracy of ,glasgow never forget that ,frederic had very early formed an attachment to reading1 which neither the opposition of his father--who thought that the scholar would spoil the soldier--nor the schemes of ambition and conquest1 which occupied him so much in after life1 were able to destroy or weaken4 ,when at last1 therefore1 he felt himself at liberty to sheathe the sword1 he gave himself up to the cultivation and patronage of literature and the arts of peace1 as eagerly as he had ever done to the pursuit of military renown4 ,even before his accession to the throne1 and while yet but a young man1 he had established in his residence at ,rheimsberg nearly the same system of studious application and economy in the management of his time to which he ever afterwards continued to adhere4 ,his relaxations even then were almost entirely of an intellectual character2 and he had collected around him a circle of literary associates1 with whom it was his highest enjoyment to spend his hours in philosophic conversation1 or in amusements not unfitted to adorn a life of philosophy4 ,in a letter written to one of his friends1 he says--,i become every day more covetous of my time2 ,i render an account of it to myself1 and lose none of it but with great regret4 ,my mind is entirely turned toward philosophy2 it has rendered me admirable services1 and ,i am greatly indebted to it4 ,i find myself happy1 abundantly more tranquil than formerly2 my soul is less subject to violent agitations2 and ,i do nothing till ,i have considered what course of action ,i ought to adopt4 ,let young men contrast such conduct with the frivolities of other noble and royal persons1 and be faithful to her whose ways are pleasantness1 and whose paths are peace4 ,i shall conclude this paper with a sketch of his doings for the ordinary four-and-twenty hours4 ,dr4 ,towers1 who has written a history of his reign1 informs us that it was his general custom to rise at five o'clock in the morning1 and sometimes earlier4 ,he commonly dressed his hair himself1 and seldom employed more than two minutes for that purpose4 ,his boots were put at the bedside1 for he scarcely ever wore shoes4 ,after he was dressed1 the adjutant of the first battalion of his guards brought him a list of all the persons that had arrived at ,potsdam1 or departed from thence4 ,when he had delivered his orders to this officer he retired into an inner cabinet1 where he employed himself in private till seven o'clock4 ,he then went into another apartment1 where he drank coffee or chocolate1 and here he found all the letters addressed to him from ,potsdam and ,berlin4 ,foreign letters were placed upon a separate table4 ,after reading all these letters1 he wrote hints or notes on the margin of those which his secretaries were to answer1 and then returning into the inner cabinet carried with him such as he meant to write or dictate an answer to himself4 ,here he employed himself until nine o'clock4 ,at ten the generals who were about his person attended4 ,at eleven he mounted his horse and rode to the parade1 when he reviewed and exercised his guards2 and at the same hour1 says ,voltaire1 all the colonels did the same throughout the provinces4 ,he afterwards walked for some time in the garden with his generals4 ,at one o'clock he sat down to dinner4 ,he had no carver1 but did the honors of the table like a private gentleman4 ,his dinner-time did not much exceed an hour4 ,he then retired into his private apartment1 making low bows to his company4 ,he remained in private till five o'clock1 when his reader waited on him4 ,his reading lasted about two hours1 and this was succeeded by a concert upon the flute which lasted till nine4 ,he supped at half-past nine with his favorite literati1 and at twelve the king went to bed4--,communication from ,david ,vedder1 in the ,glasgow ,citizen4 ,,the ,,old ,,man',s ,,death4 ,a ,,child',s ,,first ,,sight ,,of ,,sorrow4 ,from ,recollections of our ,neighborhood in the ,west4#f ,,by ,,alice ,,carey4 ,change is the order of nature2 the old makes way for the new2 over the perished growth of last year brighten the blossoms of this4 ,what changes are to be counted1 even in a little noiseless life like mine6 ,how many graves have grown green2 how many locks have grown gray2 how many1 lately young1 and strong in hope and courage1 are faltering and fainting2 how many hands that reached eagerly for the roses are drawn back bleeding and full of thorns2 and1 saddest of all1 how many hearts are broken6 ,i remember when ,i had no sad memory1 when ,i first made room in my bosom for the consciousness of death4 ,we have gained the world's cold wisdom now1 ,we have learned to pause and fear2 ,but where are the living founts whose flow ,was a joy of heart to hear6 ,i remember the twilight1 as though it were yesterday--grey1 and dim1 and cold1 for it was late in ,october1 when the shadow first came over my heart1 that no subsequent sunshine has ever swept entirely away4 ,from the window of our cottage home1 streamed a column of light1 in which ,i sat stringing the red berries of the brier rose4 ,i had heard of death1 but regarded it only with that vague apprehension which ,i felt for the demons and witches that gather poison herbs under the new moon1 in fairy forests1 or strangle harmless travelers with wands of the willow1 or with vines of the wild grape or ivy4 ,i did not much like to think about them1 and yet ,i felt safe from their influence4 ,there might be people1 somewhere1 that would die some time2 ,i did'nt know1 but it would not be myself1 or any one ,i knew4 ,they were so well and so strong1 so full of joyous hopes1 how could their feet falter1 and their smiles grow dim1 and their fainting hands lay away their work1 and fold themselves together6 ,no1 no--it was not a thing to be believed4 ,drifts of sunshine from that season of blissful ignorance often come back1 as lightly ,as the winds of the ,may-time flow1 ,and lift up the shadows brightly ,as the daffodil lifts the snow-- the shadows that have gathered with the years6 ,it is pleasant to have them thus swept off--to find myself a child again--the crown of pale pain and sorrow that presses heavily now1 unfelt1 and the graves that lie lonesomely along my way1 covered up with flowers--to feel my mother's dark locks fall upon my cheek1 as she teaches me the lesson or the prayer--to see my father1 now a sorrowful old man whose hair has thinned and whitened almost to the limit of three score years and ten1 fresh and vigorous1 strong for the race--and to see myself a little child1 happy with a new hat and a pink ribbon1 or even with the string of briar buds that ,i called coral4 ,now ,i tie it about my neck1 and now around my forehead1 and now twist it among my hair1 as ,i have somewhere read great ladies do their pearls4 ,the winds are blowing the last yellow leaves from the cherry tree--,i know not why1 but it makes me sad4 ,i draw closer to the light of the window1 and slyly peep within--all is quiet and cheerful2 the logs on the hearth are ablaze2 my father is mending a bridle-rein1 which ,traveller1 the favorite riding horse1 snapt in two yesterday1 when frightened at the elephant that 7covered with a great white cloth71 went by to be exhibited at the coming show1--my mother is hemming a ruffle1 perhaps for me to wear to school next quarter--my brother is reading in a newspaper1 ,i know not what1 but ,i see1 on one side1 the picture of a bear3 ,let me listen--and flattening my cheek against the pane1 ,i catch his words distinctly1 for he reads loud and very clearly--it is an improbable story of a wild man who has recently been discovered in the woods of some far-away island--he seems to have been there a long time1 for his nails are grown like claws1 and his hair1 in rough and matted strings1 hangs to his knees2 he makes a noise like something between the howl of a beast and a human cry1 and1 when pursued1 runs with a nimbleness and swiftness that baffle the pursuers1 though mounted on the fleetest of steeds1 urged through brake and bush to their utmost speed4 ,when first seen1 he was sitting on the ground and cracking nuts with his teeth2 his arms are corded with sinews that make it probable his strength is sufficient to strangle a dozen men2 and yet on seeing human beings1 he runs into the thick woods1 lifting such a hideous scream1 the while1 as make his discoverers clasp their hands to their ears4 ,it is suggested that this is not a solitary individual1 become wild by isolation1 but that a race exists1 many of which are perhaps larger and of more terrible aspects2 but whether they have any intelligible language1 and whether they live in caverns of rocks or in trunks of hollow trees1 remains for discovery by some future and more daring explorers4 ,my brother puts down the paper and looks at the picture of the bear4 ,i would not read such foolish stories1 says my father1 as he holds the bridle up to the light1 to see that it is nearly mended2 my mother breaks the thread which gathers the ruffle2 she is gentle and loving1 and does not like to hear even implied reproof1 but she says nothing2 little ,harry1 who is playing on the floor1 upsets his block-house1 and my father1 clapping his hands together1 exclaims1 ,this is the house that ,jack built6 and adds1 patting ,harry on the head1 ,where is my little boy8 this is not he1 this is a little carpenter2 you must make your houses stronger1 little carpenter6 ,but ,harry insists that he is the veritable little ,harry1 and no carpenter1 and hides his tearful eyes in the lap of my mother1 who assures him that he is her own little boy1 and soothes his childish grief by buttoning on his neck the ruffle she has just completed2 and off he scampers again1 building a new house1 the roof of which he makes very steep1 and calls it grandfather's house1 at which all laugh heartily4 ,while listening to the story of the wild man ,i am half afraid1 but now1 as the joyous laughter rings out1 ,i am ashamed of my fears1 and skipping forth1 ,i sit down on a green ridge which cuts the door-yard diagonally1 and where1 ,i am told1 there was once a fence4 ,did the rose-bushes and lilacs and flags that are in the garden1 ever grow here8 ,i think--no1 it must have been a long while ago1 if indeed the fence were ever here1 for ,i can't conceive the possibility of such change1 and then ,i fall to arranging my string of brier-buds into letters that will spell some name1 now my own1 and now that of some one ,i love4 ,a dull strip of cloud1 from which the hues of pink and red and gold have but lately faded out1 hangs low in the west2 below is a long reach of withering woods--the gray sprays of the beech clinging thickly still1 and the gorgeous maples shooting up here and there like sparks of fire among the darkly magnificent oaks and silvery columned sycamores--the gray and murmurous twilight gives way to darker shadows and a deeper hush4 ,i hear1 far away1 the beating of quick hoof-strokes on the pavement2 the horseman1 ,i think to myself1 is just coming down the hill through the thick woods beyond the bridge4 ,i listen close1 and presently a hollow rumbling sound indicates that ,i was right2 and now ,i hear the strokes more faintly--he is climbing the hill that slopes directly away from me2 but now again ,i hear distinctly--he has almost reached the hollow below me--the hollow that in summer is starry with dandelions and now is full of brown nettles and withered weeds--he will presently have passed--where can he be going1 and what is his errand8 ,i will rise up and watch4 ,the cloud passes from the face of the moon1 and the light streams full and broad on the horseman--he tightens his rein1 and looks eagerly toward the house--surely ,i know him1 the long red curls1 streaming down his neck1 and the straw hat1 are not to be mistaken--it is ,oliver ,hillhouse1 the miller1 whom my grandfather1 who lives in the steep-roofed house1 has employed three years--longer than ,i can remember6 ,he calls to me1 and ,i laughingly bound forward1 with an exclamation of delight1 and put my arms about the slender neck of his horse1 that is champing the bit and pawing the pavement1 and ,i say1 ,why do you not come in8 ,he smiles1 but there is something ominous in his smile1 as he hands me a folded paper1 saying1 ,give this to your mother2 and1 gathering up his reins1 he rides hurriedly forward4 ,in a moment ,i am in the house1 for my errand1 ,here mother is a paper which ,oliver ,hillhouse gave me for you4 ,her hand trembles as she receives it1 and waiting timidly near1 ,i watch her as she reads2 the tears come1 and without speaking a word she hands it to my father4 ,that night there came upon my soul the shadow of an awful fear2 sorrowful moans and plaints disturbed my dreams that have never since been wholly forgot4 ,how cold and spectral-like the moonlight streamed across my pillow2 how dismal the chirping of the cricket in the hearth2 and how more than dismal the winds among the naked boughs that creaked against my window4 ,for the first time in my life ,i could not sleep1 and ,i longed for the light of the morning4 ,at last it came1 whitening up the ,east1 and the stars faded away1 and there came a flush of crimson and purple fire1 which was presently pushed aside by the golden disk of the sun4 ,daylight without1 but within there was thick darkness still4 ,i kept close about my mother1 for in her presence ,i felt a shelter and protection that ,i found no where else4 ,be a good girl till ,i come back1 she said1 stooping and kissing my forehead2 mother is going away to-day1 your poor grandfather is very sick4 ,let me go too1 ,i said1 clinging close to her hand4 ,we were soon ready2 little ,harry pouted his lips and reached out his hands1 and my father gave him his pocket-knife to play with2 and the wind blowing the yellow curls over his eyes and forehead1 he stood on the porch looking eagerly while my mother turned to see him again and again4 ,we had before us a walk of perhaps two miles--northwardly along the turnpike nearly a mile1 next1 striking into a grass-grown road that crossed it1 in an easternly direction nearly another mile1 and then turning northwardly again1 a narrow lane1 bordered on each side by old and decaying cherry-trees1 led us to the house1 ancient fashioned1 with high steep gables1 narrow windows1 and low1 heavy chimneys of stone4 ,in the rear was an old mill1 with a plank sloping from the door-sill to the ground1 by way of step1 and a square open window in the gable1 through which1 with ropes and pulleys1 the grain was drawn up4 ,this mill was an especial object of terror to me1 and it was only when my aunt ,carry led me by the hand1 and the cheerful smile of ,oliver ,hillhouse lighted up the dusky interior1 that ,i could be persuaded to enter it4 ,in truth it was a lonesome sort of place1 with dark lofts and curious binns1 and ladders leading from place to place2 and there were cats creeping stealthily along the beams in wait for mice or swallows1 if1 as sometimes happened1 the clay nest should be loosened from the rafter1 and the whole tumble ruinously down4 ,i used to wonder that aunt ,carry was not afraid in the old place1 with its eternal rumble1 and its great dusty wheel moving slowly round and round1 beneath the steady tread of the two sober horses that never gained a hair's breadth for their pains2 but on the contrary1 she seemed to like the mill1 and never failed to show me through all its intricacies1 on my visits4 ,i have unraveled the mystery now1 or rather1 from the recollections ,i still retain1 have apprehended what must have been clear to older eyes at the time4 ,a forest of oak and walnut stretched along this extremity of the farm1 and on either side of the improvements 7as the house and barn and mill were called7 shot out two dark forks1 completely cutting off the view1 save toward the unfrequented road to the south1 which was traversed mostly by persons coming to the mill1 for my grandfather made the flour for all the neighbourhood round about1 besides making corn-meal for ,johny-cakes1 and chops for the cows4 ,he was an old man now1 with a tall1 athletic frame1 slightly bent1 thin locks white as the snow1 and deep blue eyes full of fire and intelligence1 and after long years of uninterrupted health and useful labor1 he was suddenly stricken down1 with no prospect of recovery4 ,i hope he is better1 said my mother1 hearing the rumbling of the mill-wheel4 ,she might have known my grandfather would permit no interruption of the usual business on account of his illness--the neighbors1 he said1 could not do without bread because he was sick1 nor need they all be idle1 waiting for him to die4 ,when the time drew near1 he would call them to take his farewell and his blessing1 but till then let them sew and spin1 and prepare dinner just as usual1 so they would please him best4 ,he was a stern man--even his kindness was uncompromising and unbending1 and ,i remember of his making toward me no manifestation of fondness1 such as grandchildren usually receive1 save once1 when he gave me a bright red apple1 without speaking a word till my timid thanks brought out his ,save your thanks for something better4 ,the apple gave me no pleasure1 and ,i even slipt into the mill to escape from his cold1 forbidding presence4 ,nevertheless1 he was a good man1 strictly honest1 and upright in all his dealings1 and respected1 almost reverenced1 by everybody4 ,i remember once1 when young ,winters1 the tenant of ,deacon ,granger's farm1 who paid a great deal too much for his ground1 as ,i have heard my father say1 came to mill with some withered wheat1 my grandfather filled up the sacks out of his own flour1 while ,tommy was in the house at dinner4 ,that was a good deed1 but ,tommy ,winters never suspected how his wheat happened to turn out so well4 ,as we drew near the house1 it seemed to me more lonesome and desolate than it ever looked before4 ,i wished ,i had staid at home with little ,harry4 ,so eagerly ,i noted every thing1 that ,i remember to this day1 that near a trough of water1 in the lane1 stood a little surly looking cow1 of a red color1 and with a white line running along her back4 ,i had gone with aunt ,carry often when she went to milk her1 but1 to-day she seemed not to have been milked4 ,near her was a black and white heifer1 with sharp short horns1 and a square board tied over her eyes2 two horses1 one of them gray1 and the other sorrel1 with a short tail1 were reaching their long necks into the garden1 and browsing from the currant bushes4 ,as we approached they trotted forward a little1 and one of them1 half playfully1 half angrily1 bit the other on the shoulder1 after which they returned quietly to their cropping of the bushes1 heedless of the voice that from across the field was calling to them4 ,a flock of turkeys were sunning themselves about the door1 for no one came to scare them away2 some were black1 and some speckled1 some with heads erect and tails spread1 and some nibbling the grass2 and with a gabbling noise1 and a staid and dignified march1 they made way for us4 ,the smoke arose from the chimney in blue1 graceful curls1 and drifted away to the woods2 the dead morning-glory vines had partly fallen from the windows1 but the hands that tended them were grown careless1 and they were suffered to remain blackened and void of beauty1 as they were4 ,under these1 the white curtain was partly put aside1 and my grandmother1 with the speckled handkerchief pinned across her bosom1 and her pale face1 a shade paler than usual1 was looking out1 and seeing us she came forth1 and in answer to my mother's look of inquiry1 shook her head1 and silently led the way in4 ,the room we entered had some home-made carpet1 about the size of a large table-cloth1 spread in the middle of the floor1 the remainder of which was scoured very white2 the ceiling was of walnut wood1 and the side walls were white-washed--a table1 an old-fashioned desk1 and some wooden chairs1 comprised the furniture4 ,on one of the chairs was a leather cushion2 this was set to one side1 my grandmother neither offering it to my mother1 nor sitting in it herself1 while1 by way of composing herself1 ,i suppose1 she took off the black ribbon with which her cap was trimmed4 ,this was a more simple process than the reader may fancy1 the trimming1 consisting merely of a ribbon1 always black1 which she tied around her head after the cap was on1 forming a bow and two ends just above the forehead4 ,aunt ,carry1 who was of what is termed an even disposition1 received us with her usual cheerful demeanor1 and then1 re-seating herself comfortably near the fire1 resumed her work1 the netting of some white fringe4 ,i liked aunt ,carry1 for that she always took especial pains to entertain me1 showing me her patchwork1 taking me with her to the cowyard and dairy1 as also to the mill1 though in this last ,i fear she was a little selfish2 however1 that made no difference to me at the time1 and ,i have always been sincerely grateful to her3 children know more1 and want more1 and feel more1 than people are apt to imagine4 ,on this occasion she called me to her1 and tried to teach me the mysteries of her netting1 telling me ,i must get my father to buy me a little bureau1 and then ,i could net fringe and make a nice cover for it4 ,for a little time ,i thought ,i could1 and arranged in my mind where it should be placed1 and what should be put into it1 and even went so far as to inquire how much fringe she thought would be necessary4 ,i never attained to much proficiency in the netting of fringe1 nor did ,i ever get the little bureau1 and now it is quite reasonable to suppose ,i never shall4 ,presently my father and mother were shown into an adjoining room1 the interior of which ,i felt an irrepressible desire to see1 and by stealth ,i obtained a glimpse of it before the door closed behind them4 ,there was a dull brown and yellow carpet on the floor1 and near the bed1 on which was a blue and white coverlid1 stood a high backed wooden chair1 over which hung a towel1 and on the bottom of which stood a pitcher1 of an unique pattern4 ,i know not how ,i saw this1 but ,i did1 and perfectly remember it1 notwithstanding my attention was in a moment completely absorbed by the sick man's face1 which was turned towards the opening door1 pale1 livid1 and ghastly4 ,i trembled1 and was transfixed2 the rings beneath the eyes1 which had always been deeply marked1 were now almost black1 and the blue eyes within looked glassy and cold1 and terrible4 ,the expression of agony on the lips 7for his disease was one of a most painful nature7 gave place to a sort of smile1 and the hand1 twisted among the gray locks1 was withdrawn and extended to welcome my parents1 as the door closed4 ,that was a fearful moment2 ,i was near the dark steep edges of the grave2 ,i felt1 for the first time1 that ,i was mortal too1 and ,i was afraid4 ,aunt ,carry put away her work1 and taking from a nail in the window-frame a brown muslin sun bonnet1 which seemed to me of half a yard in depth1 she tied it on my head1 and then clapt her hands as she looked into my face1 saying1 bopeep6 at which ,i half laughed and half cried1 and making provision for herself in grandmother's bonnet1 which hung on the opposite side of the window1 and was similar to mine1 except that it was perhaps a little larger1 she took my hand and we proceeded to the mill4 ,oliver1 who was very busy on our entrance1 came forward1 as aunt ,carry said1 by way of introduction1 ,a little visitor ,i've brought you1 and arranged a seat on a bag of meal for us1 and taking off his straw hat pushed the red curls from his low white forehead1 and looked bewildered and anxious4 ,it's quite warm for the season1 said aunt ,carry1 by way of breaking silence1 ,i suppose4 ,the young man said yes1 abstractedly1 and then asked if the rumble of the mill were not a disturbance to the sick room1 to which aunt ,carry answered1 ,no1 my father says it is his music4 ,a good old man1 said ,oliver1 he will not hear it much longer1 and then1 even more sadly1 every thing will be changed4 ,aunt ,carry was silent1 and he added1 ,i have been here a long time1 and it will make me very sorry to go away1 especially when such trouble is about you all4 ,oh1 ,oliver1 said aunt ,carra1 you don't mean to go away8 ,i see no alternative1 he replied2 ,i shall have nothing to do2 if ,i had gone a year ago it would have been better4 ,why8 asked aunt ,carry2 but ,i think she understood why1 and ,oliver did not answer directly1 but said1 ,almost the last thing your father said to me was1 that you should never marry any who had not a house and twenty acres of land2 if he has not1 he will exact that promise of you1 and ,i cannot ask you not to make it1 nor would you refuse him if ,i did2 ,i might have owned that long ago1 but for my sister 7she had lost her reason7 and my lame brother1 whom ,i must educate to be a school-master1 because he never can work1 and my blind mother2 but ,god forgive me6 ,i must not and do not complain2 you will forget me1 before long1 ,carry1 and some body who is richer and better1 will be to you all ,i once hoped to be1 and perhaps more4 ,i did not understand the meaning of the conversation at the time1 but ,i felt out of place some way1 and so1 going to another part of the mill1 ,i watched the sifting of the flour through the snowy bolter1 listening to the rumbling of the wheel4 ,when ,i looked around ,i perceived that ,oliver had taken my place on the meal bag1 and that he had put his arm around the waist of aunt ,carry in a way ,i did not much like4 ,great sorrow1 like a storm1 sweeps us aside from ordinary feelings1 and we give our hearts into kindly hands--so cold and hollow and meaningless seem the formulae of the world4 ,they had probably never spoken of love before1 and now talked of it as calmly as they would have talked of any thing else2 but they felt that hope was hopeless2 at best1 any union was deferred1 perhaps1 for long years2 the future was full of uncertainties4 ,at last their tones became very low1 so low ,i could not hear what they said2 but ,i saw that they looked very sorrowful1 and that aunt ,carry's hand lay in that of ,oliver as though he were her brother4 ,why don't the flour come through8 ,i said1 for the sifting had become thinner and lighter1 and at length quite ceased4 ,oliver smiled1 faintly1 as he arose1 and saying1 ,this will never buy the child a frock1 poured a sack of wheat into the hopper1 so that it nearly run over4 ,seeing no child but myself1 ,i supposed he meant to buy me a new frock1 and at once resolved to put it in my little bureau1 if he did4 ,we have bothered ,mr4 ,hillhouse long enough1 said aunt ,carry1 taking my hand1 and will go to the house1 shall we not8 ,i wondered why she said ,mr4 ,hillhouse1 for ,i had never heard her say so before2 and ,oliver seemed to wonder1 too1 for he said reproachfully1 laying particular stress on his own name1 ,you don't bother ,mr4 ,hillhouse1 ,i am sure1 but ,i must not insist on your remaining if you wish to go4 ,i don't want to insist on my staying1 said aunt ,carry1 if you don't want to1 and ,i see you don't1 and lifting me out to the sloping plank1 that bent beneath us1 we descended4 ,carry1 called a voice behind us2 but she neither answered nor looked back1 but seeming to feel a sudden and expressive fondness for me1 took me up in her arms1 though ,i was almost too heavy for her to lift1 and kissing me over and over1 said ,i was light as a feather1 at which she laughed as though neither sorrowful nor lacking for employment4 ,this little passage ,i could never precisely explain1 aside from the ground that the course of true love never did run smooth4 ,half an hour after we returned to the house1 ,oliver presented himself at the door1 saying1 ,miss ,caroline1 shall ,i trouble you for a cup1 to get a drink of water8 ,carry accompanied him to the well1 where they lingered some time1 and when she returned her face was sunshiny and cheerful as usual4 ,the day went slowly by1 dinner was prepared1 and removed1 scarcely tasted2 aunt ,carry wrought at her fringe1 and grandmother moved softly about1 preparing teas and cordials4 ,towards sunset the sick man became easy1 and expressed a wish that the door of his chamber might be opened1 that he might watch our occupations and hear our talk4 ,it was done accordingly1 and he was left alone4 ,my mother smiled1 saying she hoped he might yet get well1 but my father shook his head mournfully1 and answered1 ,he wishes to go without our knowledge4 ,he made amplest provision for his family always1 and ,i believe had a kind nature1 but he manifested no little fondnesses1 nor did he wish caresses for himself4 ,contrary to the general tenor of his character1 was a love of quiet jests1 that remained to the last4 ,once1 as ,carry gave him some drink1 he said1 ,you know my wishes about your future1 ,i expect you to be mindful4 ,i stole to the door of his room in the hope that he would say something to me1 but he did not1 and ,i went nearer1 close to the bed1 and timidly took his hand in mine2 how damp and cold it felt6 yet he spoke not1 and climbing upon the chair1 ,i put back his thin locks1 and kissed his forehead4 ,child1 you trouble me1 he said1 and these were the last words he ever spoke to me4 ,the sun sunk lower and lower1 throwing a beam of light through the little window1 quite across the carpet1 and now it reached the sick man's room1 climbed over the bed and up the wall2 he turned his face away1 and seemed to watch its glimmer upon the ceiling ,the atmosphere grew dense and dusky1 but without clouds1 and the orange light changed to a dull lurid red1 and the dying and dead leaves dropt silently to the ground1 for there was no wind1 and the fowls flew into the trees1 and the grey moths came from beneath the bushes and fluttered in the waning light4 ,from the hollow tree by the mill came the bat1 wheeling and flitting blindly about1 and once or twice its wings struck the window of the sick man's chamber4 ,the last sunlight faded off at length1 and the rumbling of the mill-wheel was still3 he has fallen asleep in listening to its music4 ,the next day came the funeral4 ,what a desolate time it was6 ,all down the lane were wagons and carriages and horses1 for every body that knew my grandfather had come to pay him the last honors4 ,we can do him no further good1 they said1 but it seemed right that we should come4 ,close by the gate waited the little brown wagon to bear the coffin to the grave1 the wagon in which he was used to ride while living4 ,the heads of the horses were drooping1 and ,i thought they looked consciously sad4 ,the day was mild and the doors and windows of the old house stood all open1 so that the people without could hear the words of the preacher4 ,i remember nothing he said2 ,i remember of hearing my mother sob1 and of seeing my grandmother with her face buried in her hands1 and of seeing aunt ,carra sitting erect1 her face pale but tearless1 and ,oliver near her1 with his hands folded across his breast save once or twice1 when he lifted them to brush away tears4 ,i did not cry1 save from a frightened and strange feeling1 but kept wishing that we were not so near the dead1 and that it were another day4 ,i tried to push the reality away with thoughts of pleasant things--in vain4 ,i remember the hymn1 and the very air in which it was sung4 ,ye fearful souls fresh courage take1 ,the clouds ye so much dread1 ,are big with mercy1 and shall break ,in blessings on your head4 ,blind unbelief is sure to err1 ,and scan his works in vain2 ,god is his own interpreter1 ,and he will make it plain4 ,near the door blue flagstones were laid1 bordered with a row of shrubberies and trees1 with lilacs1 and roses1 and pears1 and peach-trees1 which my grandfather had planted long ago1 and here1 in the open air1 the coffin was placed1 and the white cloth removed1 and folded over the lid4 ,i remember how it shook and trembled as the gust came moaning from the woods1 and died off over the next hill1 and that two or three withered leaves fell on the face of the dead1 which ,oliver gently removed and brushed aside a yellow winged butterfly that hovered near4 ,the friends hung over the unsmiling corpse till they were led weeping and one by one away2 the hand of some one rested for a moment on the forehead1 and then the white cloth was replaced1 and the lid screwed down4 ,the coffin was placed in the brown wagon1 with a sheet folded about it1 and the long train moved slowly to the burial-ground woods1 where the words dust to dust were followed by the rattling of the earth1 and the sunset light fell there a moment1 and the dead leaves blew across the smoothly shapen mound4 ,when the will was read1 ,oliver found himself heir to a fortune--the mill and the homestead and half the farm--provided he married ,carry1 which ,i suppose he did1 for though ,i do not remember the wedding1 ,i have had an aunt ,caroline ,hillhouse almost as long as ,i can remember4 ,the lunatic sister was sent to an asylum1 where she sung songs about a faithless lover till death took her up and opened her eyes in heaven4 ,the mother was brought home1 and she and my grandmother lived at their ease1 and sat in the corner1 and told stories of ghosts1 and witches1 and marriages1 and deaths1 for long years4 ,peace to their memories6 for they have both gone home2 and the lame brother is teaching school1 in his leisure playing the flute1 and reading ,shakspeare--all the book he reads4 ,years have come and swept me away from my childhood1 from its innocence and blessed unconsciousness of the dark1 but often comes back the memory of its first sorrow6 ,death is less terrible to me now4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,in press and soon to be published by ,j4 ,s4 ,redfield4 ,,my ,,novel3 ,,or1 ,,varieties ,,in ,,english ,,life4#g ,,by ,,pisistratus ,,caxton4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,before a table in the apartments appropriated to him in his father's house at ,knightsbridge1 sat ,lord ,l',estrange1 sorting or destroying letters and papers--an ordinary symptom of change of residence4 ,there are certain trifles by which a shrewd observer may judge of a man's disposition4 ,thus1 ranged on the table1 with some elegance1 but with soldier-like precision1 were sundry little relics of former days1 hallowed by some sentiment of memory1 or perhaps endeared solely by custom2 which1 whether he was in ,egypt1 ,italy1 or ,england1 always made part of the furniture of ,harley's room4 ,even the small1 old-fashioned1 and somewhat inconvenient inkstand in which he dipped the pen as he labelled the letters he put aside1 belonged to the writing-desk which had been his pride as a school-boy4 ,even the books that lay scattered round were not new works1 not those to which we turn to satisfy the curiosity of an hour1 or to distract our graver thoughts3 they were chiefly either ,latin or ,italian poets1 with many a pencil-mark on the margin2 or books which1 making severe demand on thought1 require slow and frequent perusal1 and become companions4 ,somehow or other1 in remarking that even in dumb inanimate things the man was averse to change1 and had the habit of attaching himself to whatever was connected with old associations1 you might guess that he clung with pertinacity to affections more important1 and you could better comprehend the freshness of his friendship for one so dissimilar in pursuits and character as ,audley ,egerton4 ,an affection once admitted into the heart of ,harley ,l',estrange1 seemed never to be questioned or reasoned with3 it became tacitly fixed1 as it were1 into his own nature2 and little less than a revolution of his whole system could dislodge or disturb it4 ,lord ,l',estrange's hand rested now upon a letter in a stiff legible ,italian character2 and instead of disposing of it at once1 as he had done with the rest1 he spread it before him1 and re-read the contents4 ,it was a letter from ,riccabocca1 received a few weeks since1 and ran thus3-- ,letter from ,signor ,riccabocca to ,lord ,estrange4 ,i thank you1 my noble friend1 for judging of me with faith in my honor1 and respect for my reverses4 ,no1 and thrice no to all concessions1 all overtures1 all treaty with ,giulio ,franzini4 ,i write the name1 and my emotions choke me4 ,i must pause and cool back into disdain4 ,it is over4 ,pass from that subject4 ,but you have alarmed me4 ,this sister6 ,i have not seen her since her childhood2 and she was brought up under his influence--she can but work as his agent4 ,she wish to learn my residence6 it can be but for some hostile and malignant purpose4 ,i may trust in you4 ,i know that4 ,you say ,i may trust equally in the discretion of your friend4 ,pardon me--my confidence is not so elastic4 ,a word may give the clue to my retreat4 ,but1 if discovered1 what harm can ensue8 ,an ,english roof protects me from ,austrian despotism2 true2 but not the brazen tower of ,danae could protect me from ,italian craft4 ,and were there nothing worse1 it would be intolerable to me to live under the eyes of a relentless spy4 ,truly saith our proverb1 ',he sleeps ill for whom the enemy wakes4' ,look you1 my friend1 ,i have done with my old life--,i wish to cast it from me as a snake its skin4 ,i have denied myself all that exiles deem consolation4 ,no pity for misfortune1 no messages from sympathizing friendship1 no news from a lost and bereaved country follow me to my hearth under the skies of the stranger4 ,from all these ,i have voluntarily cut myself off4 ,i am as dead to the life ,i once lived as if the ,styx rolled between it and me4 ,with that sternness which is admissible only to the afflicted1 ,i have denied myself even the consolation of your visits4 ,i have told you fairly and simply that your presence would unsettle all my enforced and infirm philosophy1 and remind me only of the past1 which ,i seek to blot from remembrance4 ,you have complied on the one condition1 that whenever ,i really want your aid ,i will ask it2 and1 meanwhile1 you have generously sought to obtain me justice from the cabinets of ministers and in the courts of kings4 ,i did not refuse your heart this luxury2 for ,i have a child--7,ah6 ,i have taught that child already to revere your name1 and in her prayers it is not forgotten47 ,but now that you are convinced that even your zeal is unavailing1 ,i ask you to discontinue attempts that may but bring the spy upon my track1 and involve me in new misfortunes4 ,believe me1 ,o brilliant ,englishman1 that ,i am satisfied and contented with my lot4 ,i am sure it would not be for my happiness to change it4 ',chi non ha provato il male non conosce il bene4' 7',one does not know when one is well off till one has known misfortune4'7 ,you ask me how ,i live--,i answer1 alla giornata--to the day--not for the morrow1 as ,i did once4 ,i have accustomed myself to the calm existence of a village4 ,i take interest in its details4 ,there is my wife1 good creature1 sitting opposite to me1 never asking what ,i write1 or to whom1 but ready to throw aside her work and talk the moment the pen is out of my hand4 ,talk--and what about8 ,heaven knows6 ,but ,i would rather hear that talk1 though on the affairs of a hamlet1 than babble again with recreant nobles and blundering professors about commonwealths and constitutions4 ,when ,i want to see how little those last influence the happiness of wise men1 have ,i not ,machiavel and ,thucydides8 ,then1 by-and-by1 the ,parson will drop in1 and we argue4 ,he never knows when he is beaten1 so the argument is everlasting4 ,on fine days ,i ramble out by a winding rill with my ,violante1 or stroll to my friend the ,squire's1 and see how healthful a thing is true pleasure2 and on wet days ,i shut myself up1 and mope1 perhaps1 till1 hark6 a gentle tap at the door1 and in comes ,violante1 with her dark eyes that shine out through reproachful tears--reproachful that ,i should mourn alone1 while she is under my roof--so she puts her arms round me1 and in five minutes all is sunshine within4 ,what care we for your ,english gray clouds without8 ,leave me1 my dear ,lord--leave me to this quiet happy passage towards old age1 serener than the youth that ,i wasted so wildly3 and guard well the secret on which my happiness depends4 ,now to yourself1 before ,i close4 ,of that same yourself you speak too little1 as of me too much4 ,but ,i so well comprehend the profound melancholy that lies underneath the wild and fanciful humor with which you but suggest1 as in sport1 what you feel so in earnest4 ,the laborious solitude of cities weighs on you4 ,you are flying back to the dolce far niente--to friends few1 but intimate2 to life monotonous1 but unrestrained2 and even there the sense of loneliness will again seize upon you2 and you do not seek1 as ,i do1 the annihilation of memory2 your dead passions are turned to ghosts that haunt you1 and unfit you for the living world4 ,i see it all--,i see it still1 in your hurried fantastic lines1 as ,i saw it when we two sat amidst the pines and beheld the blue lake stretched below4 ,i troubled by the shadow of the ,future1 you disturbed by that of the ,past4 ,well1 but you say1 half-seriously1 half in jest1 ',i will escape from this prison-house of memory2 ,i will form new ties1 like other men1 and before it be too late2 ,i will marry--aye1 but ,i must love--there is the difficulty'--difficulty--yes1 and heaven be thanked for it6 ,recall all the unhappy marriages that have come to your knowledge--pray have not eighteen out of twenty been marriages for love8 ,it always has been so1 and it always will4 ,because1 whenever we love deeply1 we exact so much and forgive so little4 ,be content to find some one with whom your hearth and your honor are safe4 ,you will grow to love what never wounds your heart--you will soon grow out of love with what must always disappoint your imagination4 ,cospetto6 ,i wish my ,jemima had a younger sister for you4 ,yet it was with a deep groan that ,i settled myself to a--,jemima4 ,now1 ,i have written you a long letter1 to prove how little ,i need of your compassion or your zeal4 ,once more let there be long silence between us4 ,it is not easy for me to correspond with a man of your rank1 and not incur the curious gossip of my still little pool of a world which the splash of a pebble can break into circles4 ,i must take this over to a post-town some ten miles off1 and drop it into the box by stealth4 ,adieu1 dear and noble friend1 gentlest heart and subtlest fancy that ,i have met in my walk through life4 ,adieu--write me word when you have abandoned a day-dream and found a ,jemima4 ,,alphonso4 ,p4 ,s4--,for heaven's sake caution and re-caution your friend the minister1 not to drop a word to this woman that may betray my hiding-place4 ,is he really happy8 murmured ,harley as he closed the letter2 and he sank for a few moments into a reverie4 ,this life in a village--this wife in a lady who puts down her work to talk about villagers--what a contrast to ,audley's full existence4 ,and ,i can never envy nor comprehend either--yet my own--what is it8 ,he rose1 and moved towards the window1 from which a rustic stair descended to a green lawn--studded with larger trees than are often found in the grounds of a suburban residence4 ,there were calm and coolness in the sight1 and one could scarcely have supposed that ,london lay so near4 ,the door opened softly1 and a lady past middle age1 entered2 and1 approaching ,harley1 as he still stood musing by the window1 laid her hand on his shoulder4 ,what character there is in a hand6 ,hers was a hand that ,titian would have painted with elaborate care6 ,thin1 white1 and delicate--with the blue veins raised from the surface4 ,yet there was something more than mere patrician elegance in the form and texture4 ,a true physiologist would have said at once1 there are intellect and pride in that hand1 which seems to fix a hold where it rests2 and1 lying so lightly1 yet will not be as lightly shaken off4 ,harley1 said the lady--and ,harley turned--you do not deceive me by that smile1 she continued sadly2 you were not smiling when ,i entered4 ,it is rarely that we smile to ourselves1 my dear mother2 and ,i have done nothing lately so foolish as to cause me to smile at myself4 ,my son1 said ,lady ,lansmere1 somewhat abruptly1 but with great earnestness1 you come from a line of illustrious ancestors2 and methinks they ask from their tombs why the last of their race has no aim and no object--no interest--no home in the land which they served1 and which rewarded them with its honors4 ,mother1 said the soldier simply1 when the land was in danger ,i served it as my forefathers served--and my answer would be the scars on my breast4 ,is it only in danger that a country is served--only in war that duty is fulfilled8 ,do you think that your father1 in his plain manly life of country gentleman1 does not fulfil1 though obscurely1 the objects for which aristocracy is created and wealth is bestowed8 ,doubtless he does1 ma'am--and better than his vagrant son ever can4 ,yet his vagrant son has received such gifts from nature--his youth was so rich in promise--his boyhood so glowed at the dream of glory8-- ,ay1 said ,harley very softly1 it is possible--and all to be buried in a single grave6 ,the ,countess started1 and withdrew her hand from ,harley's shoulder4 ,lady ,lansmere's countenance was not one that much varied in expression4 ,she had in this1 as in her cast of feature1 little resemblance to her son4 ,her features were slightly aquiline--the eyebrows of that arch which gives a certain majesty to the aspect3 the lines round the mouth were habitually rigid and compressed4 ,her face was that of one who had gone through great emotion and subdued it4 ,there was something formal1 and even ascetic1 in the character of her beauty1 which was still considerable2--in her air and in her dress4 ,she might have suggested to you the idea of some ,gothic baroness of old1 half chatelaine1 half abbess2 you would see at a glance that she did not live in the light world round her1 and disdained its fashion and its mode of thought2 yet with all this rigidity it was still the face of the woman who has known human ties and human affections4 ,and now1 as she gazed long on ,harley's quiet1 saddened brow1 it was the face of a mother4 ,a single grave1 she said1 after a long pause4 ,and you were then but a boy1 ,harley6 ,can such a memory influence you even to this day8 ,it is scarcely possible2 it does not seem to me within the realities of man's life--though it might be of woman's4 ,i believe1 said ,harley1 half soliloquising1 that ,i have a great deal of the woman in me4 ,perhaps men who live much alone1 and care not for men's objects1 do grow tenacious of impressions1 as your sex does4 ,but oh1 he cried aloud1 and with a sudden change of countenance1 oh1 the hardest and the coldest man would have felt as ,i do1 had he known her--had he loved her4 ,she was like no other woman ,i have ever met4 ,bright and glorious creature of another sphere6 ,she descended on this earth1 and darkened it when she passed away4 ,it is no use striving4 ,mother1 ,i have as much courage as our steel-clad fathers ever had4 ,i have dared in battle and in deserts--against man and the wild beast--against the storm and the ocean--against the rude powers of ,nature--dangers as dread as ever pilgrim or ,crusader rejoiced to brave4 ,but courage against that one memory6 no1 ,i have not6 ,harley1 ,harley1 you break my heart6 cried the ,countess1 clasping her hands4 ,it is astonishing1 continued her son1 so wrapped in his own thoughts that he did not perhaps hear her outcry--yea1 verily1 it is astonishing1 that considering the thousands of women ,i have seen and spoken with1 ,i never see a face like hers--never hear a voice so sweet4 ,and all this universe of life cannot afford me one look and one tone that can restore me to man's privilege--love4 ,well1 well1 well1 life has other things yet--,poetry and ,art live still--still smiles the heaven1 and still wave the trees4 ,leave me to happiness in my own way4 ,the ,countess was about to reply1 when the door was thrown hastily open1 and ,lord ,lansmere walked in4 ,the ,earl was some years older than the ,countess1 but his placid face showed less wear and tear2 a benevolent1 kindly face--without any evidence of commanding intellect1 but with no lack of sense in its pleasant lines4 ,his form not tall1 but upright1 and with an air of consequence--a little pompous1 but good-humoredly so4 ,the pomposity of the ,grand ,seigneur1 who has lived much in provinces--whose will has been rarely disputed1 and whose importance has been so felt and acknowledged as to react insensibly on himself2 an excellent man3 but when you glanced towards the high brow and dark eye of the ,countess1 you marvelled a little how the two had come together1 and1 according to common report1 lived so happily in the union4 ,ho1 ho6 my dear ,harley1 cried ,lansmere1 rubbing his hands with an appearance of much satisfaction1 ,i have just been paying a visit to the ,duchess4 ,what ,duchess1 my dear father8 ,why1 your mother's first cousin1 to be sure--the ,duchess of ,knaresborough1 whom1 to oblige me1 you condescended to call upon2 and delighted ,i am to hear that you admire ,lady ,mary-- ,she is very high-bred1 and rather-high-nosed1 answered ,harley4 ,then observing that his mother looked pained1 and his father disconcerted1 he added seriously1 ,but handsome certainly4 ,well1 ,harley1 said the ,earl1 recovering himself1 the ,duchess1 taking advantage of our connection to speak freely1 had intimated to me that ,lady ,mary has been no less struck with yourself2 and to come to the point1 since you allow that it is time you should think of marrying1 ,i do not know a more desirable alliance4 ,what do you say1 ,catherine8 ,the ,duke is of a family that ranks in history before the ,wars of the ,roses1 said ,lady ,lansmere1 with an air of deference to her husband2 and there has never been one scandal in its annals1 or one blot in its scutcheon4 ,but ,i am sure my dear ,lord must think that the ,duchess should not have made the first overture--even to a friend and a kinsman8 ,why1 we are old-fashioned people1 said the ,earl rather embarrassed1 and the ,duchess is a woman of the world4 ,let us hope1 said the ,countess mildly1 that her daughter is not4 ,i would not marry ,lady ,mary1 if all the rest of the female sex were turned into apes1 said ,lord ,l',estrange1 with deliberate fervor4 ,good ,heavens6 cried the ,earl1 what extraordinary language is this6 ,and pray why1 sir8 ,harley4--,i can't say--there is no why in these cases4 ,but1 my dear father1 you are not keeping faith with me4 ,lord ,lansmere4--,how8 ,harley4--,you and my ,lady here entreat me to marry--,i promise to do my best to obey you2 but on one condition--that ,i choose for myself1 and take my time about it4 ,agreed on both sides4 ,whereon1 off goes your ,lordship--actually before noon1 at an hour when no lady without a shudder could think of cold blonde and damp orange flowers--off goes your ,lordship1 ,i say1 and commits poor ,lady ,mary and your unworthy son to a mutual admiration--which neither of us ever felt4 ,pardon me1 my father--but this is grave4 ,again let me claim your promise--full choice for myself1 and no reference to the ,wars of the ,roses4 ,what war of the roses like that between ,modesty and ,love upon the cheek of the virgin6 ,lady ,lansmere4--,full choice for yourself1 ,harley2--so be it4 ,but we1 too1 named a condition--,did we not1 ,lansmere8 ,the ,earl 7puzzled74--,eh--did we6 ,certainly we did4 ,harley4--,what was it8 ,lady ,lansmere4--,the son of ,lord ,lansmere can only marry the daughter of a gentleman4 ,the ,earl4--,of course--of course4 ,the blood rushed over ,harley's fair face1 and then as suddenly left it pale4 ,he walked away to the window--his mother followed him1 and again laid her hand on his shoulder4 ,you were cruel1 said he gently and in a whisper1 as he winced under the touch of the hand4 ,then turning to the ,earl1 who was gazing at him in blank surprise--7it never occurred to ,lord ,lansmere that there could be a doubt of his son's marrying beneath the rank modestly stated by the ,countess7--,harley stretched forth his hand1 and said1 in his soft winning tone1 you have ever been most gracious to me1 and most forbearing2 it is but just that ,i should sacrifice the habits of an egotist1 to gratify a wish which you so warmly entertain4 ,i agree with you1 too1 that our race should not close in me--,noblesse oblige4 ,but you know ,i was ever romantic2 and ,i must love where ,i marry--or1 if not love1 ,i must feel that my wife is worthy of all the love ,i could once have bestowed4 ,now1 as to the vague word 'gentleman' that my mother employs--word that means so differently on different lips--,i confess that ,i have a prejudice against young ladies brought up in the 'excellent foppery of the world1' as the daughters of gentlemen of our rank mostly are4 ,i crave1 therefore1 the most liberal interpretation of this word 'gentleman4' ,and so long as there be nothing mean or sordid in the birth1 habits1 and education of the father of this bride to be1 ,i trust you will both agree to demand nothing more--neither titles nor pedigree4 ,titles1 no--assuredly1 said ,lady ,lansmere2 they do not make gentlemen4 ,certainly not1 said the ,earl4 ,many of our best families are untitled4 ,titles--no1 repeated ,lady ,lansmere2 but ancestors--yes4 ,ah1 my mother1 said ,harley with his most sad and quiet smile1 it is fated that we shall never agree4 ,the first of our race is ever the one we are most proud of2 and pray1 what ancestors had he8 ,beauty1 virtue1 modesty1 intellect--if these are not nobility enough for a man1 he is a slave to the dead4 ,with these words ,harley took up his hat and made towards the door4 ,you said yourself1 ',noblesse oblige1' said the ,countess1 following him to the threshold2 we have nothing more to add4 ,harley slightly shrugged his shoulders1 kissed his mother's hand1 whistled to ,nero1 who started up from a doze by the window1 and went his way4 ,does he really go abroad next week8 said the ,earl4 ,so he says4 ,i am afraid there is no chance for ,lady ,mary1 resumed ,lord ,lansmere1 with a slight but melancholy smile4 ,she has not intellect enough to charm him4 ,she is not worthy of ,harley1 said the proud mother4 ,between you and me1 rejoined the ,earl1 rather timidly1 ,i don't see what good his intellect does him4 ,he could not be more unsettled and useless if he were the merest dunce in the three kingdoms4 ,and so ambitious as he was when a boy6 ,catherine1 ,i sometimes fancy that you know what changed him4 ,i6 ,nay1 my dear ,lord1 it is a common change enough with the young1 when of such fortunes2 who find1 when they enter life1 that there is really little left for them to strive for4 ,had ,harley been a poor man's son1 it might have been different4 ,i was born to the same fortunes as ,harley1 said the ,earl1 shrewdly1 and yet ,i flatter myself ,i am of some use to old ,england4 ,the ,countess seized upon the occasion1 complimented her ,lord1 and turned the subject4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,harley spent his day in his usual desultory1 lounging manner--dined in his quiet corner at his favorite club--,nero1 not admitted into the club1 patiently waited for him outside the door4 ,the dinner over1 dog and man1 equally indifferent to the crowd1 sauntered down that thoroughfare which1 to the few who can comprehend the ,poetry of ,london1 has associations of glory and of woe sublime as any that the ruins of the dead elder world can furnish--thoroughfare that traverses what was once the courtyard of ,whitehall1 having to its left the site of the palace that lodged the royalty of ,scotland--gains1 through a narrow strait1 that old isle of ,thorney1 in which ,edward the ,confessor received the ominous visit of the ,conqueror--and1 widening once more by the ,abbey and the ,hall of ,westminster1 then loses itself1 like all memories of earthly grandeur1 amidst humble passages and mean defiles4 ,thus thought ,harley ,l',estrange--ever less amidst the actual world around him1 than the images invoked by his own solitary soul--as he gained the bridge1 and saw the dull lifeless craft sleeping on the ,silent ,way1 once loud and glittering with the gilded barks of the antique ,seignorie of ,england4 ,it was on that bridge that ,audley ,egerton had appointed to meet ,l',estrange1 at an hour when he calculated he could best steal a respite from debate4 ,for ,harley1 with his fastidious dislike to all the resorts of his equals1 had declined to seek his friend in the crowded regions of ,bellamy's4 ,harley's eye1 as he passed along the bridge1 was attracted by a still form1 seated on the stones in one of the nooks1 with its face covered by its hands4 ,if ,i were a sculptor1 said he to himself1 ,i should remember that image whenever ,i wished to convey the idea of despondency6 ,he lifted his looks and saw1 a little before him in the midst of the causeway1 the firm erect figure of ,audley ,egerton4 ,the moonlight was full on the bronzed countenance of the strong public man1--with its lines of thought and care1 and its vigorous but cold expression of intense self-control4 ,and looking yonder1 continued ,harley's soliloquy1 ,i should remember that form1 when ,i wished to hew out from the granite the idea of ,endurance4 ,so you are come1 and punctually1 said ,egerton1 linking his arm in ,harley's4 ,harley4--,punctually1 of course1 for ,i respect your time1 and ,i will not detain you long4 ,i presume you will speak to-night4 ,egerton4--,i have spoken4 ,harley1 7with interest47--,and well1 ,i hope4 ,egerton4--,with effect1 ,i suppose1 for ,i have been loudly cheered1 which does not always happen to me4 ,harley4--,and that gave you pleasure8 ,egerton1 7after a moment's thought47--,no1 not the least4 ,harley4--,what1 then1 attaches you so much to this life--constant drudgery1 constant warfare--the more pleasurable faculties dormant1 all the harsher ones aroused1 if even its rewards 7and ,i take the best of those to be applause7 do not please you8 ,egerton4--,what8--custom4 ,harley4--,martyr6 ,egerton4--,you say it4 ,but turn to yourself2 you have decided1 then1 to leave ,england next week4 ,harley1 7moodily47--,yes4 ,this life in a capital1 where all are so active1 myself so objectless1 preys on me like a low fever4 ,nothing here amuses me1 nothing interests1 nothing comforts and consoles4 ,but ,i am resolved1 before it be too late1 to make one great struggle out of the ,past1 and into the natural world of men4 ,in a word1 ,i have resolved to marry4 ,egerton4--,whom8 ,harley1 7seriously47--,upon my life1 my dear fellow1 you are a great philosopher4 ,you have hit the exact question4 ,you see ,i cannot marry a dream2 and where out of dreams1 shall ,i find this 'whom8' ,egerton4--,you do not search for her4 ,harley4--,do we ever search for love8 ,does it not flash upon us when we least expect it8 ,is it not like the inspiration to the muse8 ,what poet sits down and says1 ',i will write a poem8' ,what man looks out and says1 ',i will fall in love4' ,no6 ,happiness1 as the great ,german tells us1 'falls suddenly from the bosom of the gods2' so does love4 ,egerton4--,you remember the old line in ,horace3 ',life's tide flows away1 while the boor sits on the margin and waits for the ford4' ,harley4--,an idea which incidentally dropped from you some weeks ago1 and which ,i had before half meditated1 has since haunted me4 ,if ,i could but find some child with sweet dispositions and fair intellect not yet formed1 and train her up1 according to my ideal4 ,i am still young enough to wait a few years1 and meanwhile ,i shall have gained what ,i so sadly want--an object in life4 ,egerton4--,you are ever the child of romance4 ,but what-- ,here the minister was interrupted by a messenger from the ,house of ,commons1 whom ,audley had instructed to seek him on the bridge should his presence be required-- ,sir1 the opposition are taking advantage of the thinness of the ,house to call for a division1 ,mr4 ---- is put up to speak for time1 but they won't hear him4 ,egerton turned hastily to ,lord ,l',estrange1 ,you see you must excuse me now4 ,to-morrow ,i must go to ,windsor for two days2 but we shall meet on my return4 ,it does not matter1' answered ,harley2 ,i stand out of the pale of your advice1 ,o practical man of sense4 ,and if1 added ,harley with affectionate and mournful sweetness--,if ,i worry you with complaints which you cannot understand1 it is only because of old school-boy habits4 ,i can have no trouble that ,i do not confide in you4 ,egerton's hand trembled as it pressed his friend's2 and1 without a word1 he hurried away abruptly4 ,harley remained motionless for some seconds1 in deep and quiet reverie2 then he called to his dog1 and turned back towards ,westminster4 ,he passed the nook in which had sat the still figure of ,despondency4 ,but the figure had now risen1 and was leaning against the balustrade4 ,the dog who had preceded his master paused by the solitary form1 and sniffed it suspiciously4 ,nero1 sir1 come here1 said ,harley4 ,nero1 that was the name by which ,helen had said that her father's friend had called his dog4 ,and the sound startled ,leonard as he leant1 sick at heart1 against the stone1 he lifted his head and looked wistfully1 eagerly1 into ,harley's face4 ,those eyes1 bright1 clear1 yet so strangely deep and absent1 which ,helen had described1 met his own1 and chained them4 ,for ,l',estrange halted also2 the boy's countenance was not unfamiliar to him4 ,he returned the inquiring look fixed on his own1 and recognized the student by the book-stall4 ,the dog is quite harmless1 sir1 said ,l',estrange1 with a smile4 ,and you called him ,nero8 said ,leonard1 still gazing on the stranger4 ,harley mistook the drift of the question4 ,nero1 sir2 but he is free from the sanguinary propensities of his ,roman namesake4 ,harley was about to pass on1 when ,leonard said falteringly1-- ,pardon me1 but can it be possible that you are one whom ,i have sought in vain1 on behalf of the child of ,captain ,digby8 ,harley stopped short4 ,digby6 he exclaimed1 where is he8 ,he should have found me easily4 ,i gave him an address4 ,ah1 ,heaven be thanked1 cried ,leonard4 ,helen is saved2 she will not die2 and he burst into tears4 ,a very few moments1 and a very few words sufficed to explain to ,harley the state of his old fellow-soldier's orphan4 ,and ,harley himself soon stood in the young sufferer's room1 supporting her burning temples on his breast1 and whispering into ears that heard him1 as in a happy dream1 ,comfort1 comfort2 your father yet lives in me4 ,and then ,helen1 raising her eyes1 said ,but ,leonard is my brother--more than brother--and he needs a father's care more than ,i do4 ,hush1 hush1 ,helen4 ,i need no one--nothing now6 cried ,leonard2 and his tears gushed over the little hand that clasped his own4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,harley ,l',estrange was a man whom all things that belong to the romantic and poetic side of our human life deeply impressed4 ,when he came to learn the tie between these two children of nature1 standing side by side1 alone amidst the storms of fate1 his heart was more deeply moved than it had been for many years4 ,in those dreary attics1 overshadowed by the smoke and reek of the humble suburb--the workday world in its harshest and tritest forms below and around them--he recognized that divine poem which comes out from all union between the mind and the heart4 ,here1 on the rough deal table1 7the ink scarcely dry17 lay the writings of the young wrestler for fame and bread2 there1 on the other side the partition1 on that mean pallet1 lay the boy's sole comforter--the all that warmed his heart with living mortal affection4 ,on one side the wall1 the world of imagination2 on the other this world of grief and of love4 ,and in both1 a spirit equally sublime--unselfish ,devotion--the something afar from the sphere of our sorrow4 ,he looked round the room into which he had followed ,leonard1 on quitting ,helen's bedside4 ,he noted the ,,mss4 on the table1 and1 pointing to them1 said gently1 ,and these are the labors by which you supported the soldier's orphan8--soldier yourself1 in a hard battle6 ,the battle was lost--,i could not support her1 replied ,leonard mournfully4 ,but you did not desert her4 ,when ,pandora's box was opened1 they say ,hope lingered last---- ,false1 false1 said ,leonard2 a heathen's notion4 ,there are deities that linger behind ,hope2--,gratitude1 ,love1 and ,duty4 ,yours is no common nature1 exclaimed ,harley1 admiringly1 but ,i must sound it more deeply hereafter2 at present ,i hasten for the physician2 ,i shall return with him4 ,we must move that poor child from this low close air as soon as possible4 ,meanwhile1 let me qualify your rejection of the old fable4 ,wherever ,gratitude1 ,love1 and ,duty remain to man1 believe me that ,hope is there too1 though she may be oft invisible1 hidden behind the sheltering wings of the nobler deities4 ,harley said this with that wondrous smile of his1 which cast a brightness over the whole room--and went away4 ,leonard stole softly towards the grimy window2 and looking up towards the stars that shone pale over the roof-tops1 he murmured1 ,o thou1 the ,all-seeing and ,all-merciful6--how it comforts me now to think that though my dreams of knowledge may have sometimes obscured the ,heaven1 ,i never doubted that ,thou wert there6--as luminous and everlasting1 though behind the cloud6 ,so1 for a few minutes1 he prayed silently--then passed into ,helen's room1 and sat beside her motionless1 for she slept4 ,she woke just as ,harley returned with a physician1 and then ,leonard1 returning to his own room1 saw amongst his papers the letter he had written to ,mr4 ,dale2 and muttering1 ,i need not disgrace my calling--,i need not be the mendicant now--held the letter to the flame of the candle4 ,and while he said this1 and as the burning tinder dropped on the floor1 the sharp hunger1 unfelt during his late anxious emotion1 gnawed at his entrails4 ,still even hunger could not reach that noble pride which had yielded to a sentiment nobler than itself--and he smiled as he repeated1 ,no mendicant6--the life that ,i was sworn to guard is saved4 ,i can raise against ,fate the front of the ,man once more4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,a few days afterwards1 and ,helen1 removed to a pure air1 and under the advice of the first physicians1 was out of all danger4 ,it was a pretty detached cottage1 with its windows looking over the wild heaths of ,norwood1 to which ,harley rode daily to watch the convalescence of his young charge--an object in life was already found4 ,as she grew better and stronger1 he coaxed her easily into talking1 and listened to her with pleased surprise4 ,the heart so infantine1 and the sense so womanly1 struck him much by its rare contrast and combination4 ,leonard1 whom he had insisted on placing also in the cottage1 had stayed there willingly till ,helen's recovery was beyond question4 ,then he came to ,lord ,l',estrange1 as the latter was about one day to leave the cottage1 and said quietly1 ,now1 my ,lord1 that ,helen is safe1 and now that she will need me no more1 ,i can no longer be a pensioner on your bounty4 ,i return to ,london4 ,you are my visitor--not my pensioner1 foolish boy1 said ,harley1 who had already noticed the pride which spoke in that farewell2 come into the garden1 and let us talk4 ,harley seated himself on a bench on the little lawn2 ,nero crouched at his feet2 ,leonard stood beside him4 ,so1 said ,lord ,l',estrange1 you would return to ,london6--,what to do8 ,fulfil my fate4 ,and that8 ,i cannot guess4 ,fate is the ,isis whose veil no mortal can ever raise4 ,you should be born for great things1 said ,harley1 abruptly4 ,i am sure that you write well4 ,i have seen that you study with passion4 ,better than writing and better than study1 you have a noble heart1 and the proud desire of independence4 ,let me see your ,,mss41 or any copies of what you have already printed4 ,do not hesitate--,i ask but to be a reader4 ,i don't pretend to be a patron2 it is a word ,i hate4 ,leonard's eyes sparkled through their sudden moisture4 ,he brought out his portfolio1 placed it on the bench beside ,harley1 and then went softly to the further part of the garden4 ,nero looked after him1 and then rose and followed him slowly4 ,the boy seated himself on the turf1 and ,nero rested his dull head on the loud heart of the poet4 ,harley took up the various papers before him and read them through leisurely4 ,certainly he was no critic4 ,he was not accustomed to analyse what pleased or displeased him2 but his perceptions were quick1 and his taste exquisite4 ,as he read1 his countenance1 always so genuinely expressive1 exhibited now doubt and now admiration4 ,he was soon struck by the contrast in the boy's writings2 between the pieces that sported with fancy1 and those that grappled with thought4 ,in the first1 the young poet seemed so unconscious of his own individuality4 ,his imagination1 afar and aloft from the scenes of his suffering1 ran riot amidst a paradise of happy golden creations4 ,but in the last1 the ,,thinker stood out alone and mournful1 questioning1 in troubled sorrow1 the hard world on which he gazed4 ,all in the thought was unsettled1 tumultuous2 all in the fancy1 serene1 and peaceful4 ,the genius seemed divided into twain shapes2 the one bathing its wings amidst the starry dews of heaven2 the other wandering melancholy1 slow1 amidst desolate and boundless sands4 ,harley gently laid down the paper and mused a little while4 ,then he rose and walked to ,leonard1 gazing on his countenance as he neared the boy1 with a new and deeper interest4 ,i have read your papers1 he said1 and recognize in them two men1 belonging to two worlds1 essentially distinct4 ,leonard started1 and murmured1 ,true1 true6 ,i apprehend1 resumed ,harley1 that one of these men must either destroy the other1 or that the two must become fused and harmonized into a single existence4 ,get your hat1 mount my groom's horse1 and come with me to ,london2 we will converse by the way4 ,look you1 ,i believe you and ,i agree in this1 that the first object of every noble spirit is independence4 ,it is towards this independence that ,i alone presume to assist you2 and this is a service which the proudest man can receive without a blush4 ,leonard lifted his eyes towards ,harley's1 and those eyes swam with grateful tears2 but his heart was too full to answer4 ,i am not one of those1 said ,harley1 when they were on the road1 who think that because a young man writes poetry he is fit for nothing else1 and that he must be a poet or a pauper4 ,i have said that in you there seem to me to be two men1 the man of the ,ideal world1 the man of the ,actual4 ,to each of these men ,i can offer a separate career4 ,the first is perhaps the more tempting4 ,it is the interest of the state to draw into its service all the talent and industry it can obtain2 and under his native state every citizen of a free country should be proud to take service4 ,i have a friend who is a minister1 and who is known to encourage talent--,audley ,egerton4 ,i have but to say to him1 ',there is a young man who will well repay to the government whatever the government bestows on him' and you will rise to-morrow independent in means1 and with fair occasions to attain to fortune and distinction4 ,this is one offer1 what say you to it8 ,leonard thought bitterly of his interview with ,audley ,egerton1 and the minister's proffered crown-piece4 ,he shook his head and replied-- ,oh1 my lord1 how have ,i deserved such kindness8 ,do with me what you will2 but if ,i have the option1 ,i would rather follow my own calling4 ,this is not the ambition that inflames me4 ,hear1 then1 the other offer4 ,i have a friend with whom ,i am less intimate than ,egerton1 and who has nothing in his gift to bestow4 ,i speak of a man of letters--,henry ,norreys--of whom you have doubtless heard1 who1 ,i should say1 conceived an interest in you when he observed you reading at the book-stall4 ,i have often heard him say1 that literature as a profession is misunderstood1 and that rightly followed1 with the same pains and the same prudence which are brought to bear on other professions1 a competence at least can be always ultimately obtained4 ,but the way may be long and tedious--and it leads to no power but over thought2 it rarely attains to wealth2 and1 though reputation may be certain1 ,fame1 such as poets dream of1 is the lot of few4 ,what say you to this course8 ,my lord1 ,i decide1 said ,leonard1 firmly2 and then his young face lighting up with enthusiasm1 he exclaimed4 ,yes1 if1 as you say1 there be two men within me1 ,i feel1 that were ,i condemned wholly to the mechanical and practical world1 one would indeed destroy the other4 ,and the conqueror would be the ruder and the coarser4 ,let me pursue those ideas that1 though they have but flitted across me vague and formless--have ever soared towards the sunlight4 ,no matter whether or not they lead to fortune or to fame1 at least they will lead me upward6 ,knowledge for itself ,i desire--what care ,i1 if it be not power8 ,enough1 said ,harley1 with a pleased smile at his young companion's outburst4 ,as you decide so shall it be settled4 ,and now permit me1 if not impertinent1 to ask you a few questions4 ,your name is ,leonard ,fairfield8 ,the boy blushed deeply1 and bowed his head as if in assent4 ,helen says you are self-taught2 for the rest she refers me to you--thinking1 perhaps1 that ,i should esteem you less--rather than yet more highly--if she said you were1 as ,i presume to conjecture1 of humble birth4 ,my birth1 said ,leonard1 slowly1 is very--very--humble4 ,the name of ,fairfield is not unknown to me4 ,there was one of that name who married into a family in ,lansmere--married an ,avenel-- continued ,harley--and his voice quivered4 ,you change countenance4 ,oh1 could your mother's name have been ,avenel8 ,yes1 said ,leonard1 between his set teeth4 ,harley laid his hand on the boy's shoulder4 ,then indeed ,i have a claim on you--then1 indeed1 we are friends4 ,i have a right to serve any of that family4 ,leonard looked at him in surprise--,for1 continued ,harley1 recovering himself1 they always served my family2 and my recollections of ,lansmere1 though boyish1 are indelible4 ,he spurred on his horse as the words closed--and again there was a long pause2 but from that time ,harley always spoke to ,leonard in a soft voice1 and often gazed on him with earnest and kindly eyes4 ,they reached a house in a central1 though not fashionable street4 ,a man-servant of a singularly grave and awful aspect opened the door2 a man who had lived all his life with authors4 ,poor devil1 he was indeed prematurely old6 ,the care on his lip and the pomp on his brow--no mortal's pen can describe6 ,is ,mr4 ,norreys at home8 asked ,harley4 ,he is at home--to his friends1 my lord1 answered the man1 majestically2 and he stalked across the hall with the step of a ,dangeau ushering some ,montmorenci to the presence of ,louis le ,grand4 ,stay--show this gentleman into another room4 ,i will go first into the library2 wait for me1 ,leonard4 ,the man nodded1 and ushered ,leonard into the dining-room4 ,then pausing before the door of the library1 and listening an instant1 as if fearful to disturb some mood of inspiration1 opened it very softly4 ,to his ineffable disgust1 ,harley pushed before1 and entered abruptly4 ,it was a large room1 lined with books from the floor to the ceiling4 ,books were on all the tables--books were on all the chairs4 ,harley seated himself on a folio of ,raleigh's ,history of the ,world1 and cried-- ,i have brought you a treasure6 ,what is it8 said ,norreys1 good-humoredly1 looking up from his desk4 ,a mind6 ,a mind6 echoed ,norreys1 vaguely4 ,your own8 ,pooh--,i have none--,i have only a heart and a fancy4 ,listen4 ,you remember the boy we saw reading at the book-stall4 ,i have caught him for you1 and you shall train him into a man4 ,i have the warmest interest in his future--for ,i knew some of his family--and one of that family was very dear to me4 ,as for money1 he has not a shilling1 and not a shilling would he accept gratis from you or me either4 ,but he comes with bold heart to work--and work you must find him4 ,harley then rapidly told his friend of the two offers he had made to ,leonard--and ,leonard's choice4 ,this promises very well2 for letters a man must have a strong vocation as he should have for law--,i will do all that you wish4 ,harley rose with alertness--shook ,norreys cordially by the hand--hurried out of the room1 and returned with ,leonard4 ,mr4 ,norreys eyed the young man with attention4 ,he was naturally rather severe than cordial in his manner to strangers--contrasting in this1 as in most things1 the poor vagabond ,burley4 ,but he was a good judge of the human countenance1 and he liked ,leonard's4 ,after a pause he held out his hand4 ,sir1 said he1 ,lord ,l',estrange tells me that you wish to enter literature as a calling1 and no doubt to study it is an art4 ,i may help you in this1 and you meanwhile can help me4 ,i want an amanuensis--,i offer you that place4 ,the salary will be proportioned to the services you will render me4 ,i have a room in my house at your disposal4 ,when ,i first came up to ,london1 ,i made the same choice that ,i hear you have done4 ,i have no cause1 even in a worldly point of view1 to repent my choice4 ,it gave me an income larger than my wants4 ,i trace my success to these maxims1 which are applicable to all professions--#ast1 ,never to trust to genius--for what can be obtained by labor2 #b;dly1 ,never to profess to teach what we have not studied to understand2 #c;dly1 ,never to engage our word to what we do not do our best to execute4 ,with these rules literature1 provided a man does not mistake his vocation for it1 and will1 under good advice1 go through the preliminary discipline of natural powers1 which all vocations require1 is as good a calling as any other4 ,without them a shoeblack's is infinitely better4 ,possible enough1 muttered ,harley2 but there have been great writers who observed none of your maxims4 ,great writers1 probably1 but very unenviable men4 ,my ,lord1 my ,lord1 don't corrupt the pupil you bring to me4 ,harley smiled and took his departure1 and left ,genius at school with ,common ,sense and ,experience4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,while ,leonard ,fairfield had been obscurely wrestling against poverty1 neglect1 hunger1 and dread temptations1 bright had been the opening day1 and smooth the upward path1 of ,randal ,leslie4 ,certainly no young man1 able and ambitious1 could enter life under fairer auspices2 the connection and avowed favorite of a popular and energetic statesman1 the brilliant writer of a political work1 that had lifted him at once into a station of his own--received and courted in those highest circles1 to which neither rank nor fortune alone suffices for a familiar passport--the circles above fashion itself--the circles of power--with every facility of augmenting information1 and learning the world betimes through the talk of its acknowledged masters1--,randal had but to move straight onward1 and success was sure4 ,but his tortuous spirit delighted in scheme and intrigue for their own sake4 ,in scheme and intrigue he saw shorter paths to fortune1 if not to fame4 ,his besetting sin was also his besetting weakness4 ,he did not aspire--he coveted4 ,though in a far higher social position than ,frank ,hazeldean1 despite the worldly prospects of his old school-fellow1 he coveted the very things that kept ,frank ,hazeldean below him--coveted his idle gaieties1 his careless pleasures1 his very waste of youth4 ,thus1 also1 ,randal less aspired to ,audley ,egerton's repute than he coveted ,audley ,egerton's wealth and pomp1 his princely expenditure1 and his ,castle ,rackrent in ,grosvenor ,square4 ,it was the misfortune of his birth to be so near to both these fortunes--near to that of ,leslie1 as the future head of that fallen house1--near even to that of ,hazeldean1 since as we have seen before1 if the ,squire had had no son1 ,randal's descent from the ,hazeldeans suggested himself as the one on whom these broad lands should devolve4 ,most young men1 brought into intimate contact with ,audley ,egerton1 would have felt for that personage a certain loyal and admiring1 if not very affectionate1 respect4 ,for there was something grand in ,egerton--something that commands and fascinates the young4 ,his determined courage1 his energetic will1 his almost regal liberality1 contrasting a simplicity in personal tastes and habits that was almost austere--his rare and seemingly unconscious power of charming even the women most wearied of homage1 and persuading even the men most obdurate to counsel--all served to invest the practical man with those spells which are usually confined to the ideal one4 ,but indeed1 ,audley ,egerton was an ,ideal--the ideal of the ,practical4 ,not the mere vulgar1 plodding1 red-tape machine of petty business1 but the man of strong sense1 inspired by inflexible energy1 and guided to definite earthly objects4 ,in a dissolute and corrupt form of government1 under a decrepit monarchy1 or a vitiated republic1 ,audley ,egerton might have been a most dangerous citizen2 for his ambition was so resolute1 and his sight to its ends was so clear4 ,but there is something in public life in ,england which compels the really ambitious man to honor1 unless his eyes are jaundiced and oblique like ,randal ,leslie's4 ,it is so necessary in ,england to be a gentleman4 ,and thus ,egerton was emphatically considered a gentleman4 ,without the least pride in other matters1 with little apparent sensitiveness1 touch him on the point of gentleman1 and no one so sensitive and so proud4 ,as ,randal saw more of him1 and watched his moods with the lynx eyes of the household spy1 he could perceive that this hard mechanical man was subject to fits of melancholy1 even of gloom1 and though they did not last long1 there was even in his habitual coldness an evidence of something comprest1 latent1 painful1 lying deep within his memory4 ,this would have interested the kindly feelings of a grateful heart4 ,but ,randal detected and watched it only as a clue to some secret it might profit him to gain4 ,for ,randal ,leslie hated ,egerton2 and hated him the more because with all his book knowledge and his conceit in his own talents1 he could not despise his patron--because he had not yet succeeded in making his patron the mere tool or stepping-stone--because he thought that ,egerton's keen eye saw through his wily heart1 even while1 as if in profound disdain1 the minister helped the protege4 ,but this last suspicion was unsound4 ,egerton had not detected ,leslie's corrupt and treacherous nature4 ,he might have other reasons for keeping him at a certain distance1 but he inquired too little into ,randal's feelings towards himself to question the attachment1 or doubt the sincerity of one who owed to him so much4 ,but that which more than all embittered ,randal's feelings towards ,egerton1 was the careful and deliberate frankness with which the latter had1 more than once repeated1 and enforced the odious announcement1 that ,randal had nothing to expect from the ministers--,,will1 nothing to expect from that wealth which glared in the hungry eyes of the pauper heir to the ,leslies of ,rood4 ,to whom1 then1 could ,egerton mean to devise his fortune8 ,to whom but ,frank ,hazeldean4 ,yet ,audley took so little notice of his nephew--seemed so indifferent to him1 that that supposition1 however natural1 seemed exposed to doubt4 ,the astuteness of ,randal was perplexed4 ,meanwhile1 however1 the less he himself could rely upon ,egerton for fortune1 the more he revolved the possible chances of ousting ,frank from the inheritance of ,hazeldean--in part1 at least1 if not wholly4 ,to one less scheming1 crafty1 and remorseless than ,randal ,leslie with every day became more and more1 such a project would have seemed the wildest delusion4 ,but there was something fearful in the manner in which this young man sought to turn knowledge into power1 and make the study of all weakness in others subservient to his own ends4 ,he wormed himself thoroughly into ,frank's confidence4 ,he learned through ,frank all the ,squire's peculiarities of thought and temper1 and thoroughly pondered over each word in the father's letters1 which the son gradually got into the habit of showing to the perfidious eyes of his friend4 ,randal saw that the ,squire had two characteristics which are very common amongst proprietors1 and which might be invoked as antagonists to his warm fatherly love4 ,first1 the ,squire was as fond of his estate as if it were a living thing1 and part of his own flesh and blood2 and in his lectures to ,frank upon the sin of extravagance1 the ,squire always let out this foible3--,what was to become of the estate if it fell into the hands of a spendthrift8 ,no man should make ducks and drakes of ,hazeldean2 let ,frank beware of that1 c4 ,secondly1 the ,squire was not only fond of his lands1 but he was jealous of them--that jealousy which even the tenderest father sometimes entertains towards their natural heirs4 ,he could not bear the notion that ,frank should count on his death2 and he seldom closed an admonitory letter without repeating the information that ,hazeldean was not entailed2 that it was his to do with as he pleased through life and in death4 ,indirect menace of this nature rather wounded and galled than intimidated ,frank2 for the young man was extremely generous and high-spirited by nature1 and was always more disposed to some indiscretion after such warnings to his self-interest1 as if to show that those were the last kinds of appeal likely to influence him4 ,by the help of such insights into the character of father and son1 ,randal thought he saw gleams of daylight illumining his own chance of the lands of ,hazeldean4 ,meanwhile it appeared to him obvious that1 come what might of it1 his own interests could not lose1 and might most probably gain1 by whatever could alienate the ,squire from his natural heir4 ,accordingly1 though with consummate tact1 he instigated ,frank towards the very excesses most calculated to irritate the ,squire1 all the while appealing rather to give the counter advice1 and never sharing in any of the follies to which he conducted his thoughtless friend4 ,in this he worked chiefly through others1 introducing ,frank to every acquaintance most dangerous to youth1 either from the wit that laughs at prudence1 or the spurious magnificence that subsists so handsomely upon bills endorsed by friends of great expectations4 ,the minister and his protege were seated at breakfast1 the first reading the newspaper1 the last glancing over his letters2 for ,randal had arrived to the dignity of receiving many letters--ay1 and notes too1 three-cornered1 and fantastically embossed4 ,egerton uttered an exclamation1 and laid down the paper4 ,randal looked up from his correspondence4 ,the minister had sunk into one of his absent reveries4 ,after a long silence1 observing that ,egerton did not return to the newspaper1 ,randal said1 ,ehem--sir1 ,i have a note from ,frank ,hazeldean1 who wants much to see me2 his father has arrived in town unexpectedly4 ,what brings him here8 asked ,egerton1 still abstractedly4 ,why1 it seems that he has heard some vague reports of poor ,frank's extravagance1 and ,frank is either afraid or ashamed to meet him4 ,ay--a very great fault extravagance in the young6--destroys independence2 ruins or enslaves the future4 ,great fault--very6 ,and what does youth want that it should be extravagant8 ,has it not every thing in itself merely because it is8 ,youth is youth--what needs it more8 ,egerton rose as he said this1 and retired to his writing-table1 and in his turn opened his correspondence4 ,randal took up the newspaper1 and endeavored1 but in vain1 to conjecture what had excited the minister's exclamation1 and the reverie that succeeded it4 ,egerton suddenly and sharply turned round in his chair--,if you have done with the ,times1 have the goodness to place it here4 ,randal had just obeyed1 when a knock at the street-door was heard1 and presently ,lord ,l',estrange came into the room1 with somewhat a quicker step1 and somewhat a gayer mien than usual4 ,audley's hand1 as if mechanically1 fell upon the newspaper--fell upon that part of the columns devoted to births1 deaths1 and marriages4 ,randal stood by1 and noted2 then1 bowing to ,l',estrange1 left the room4 ,audley1 said ,l',estrange1 ,i have had an adventure since ,i saw you--an adventure that reopened the ,past1 and may influence my future4 ,how8 ,in the first place1 ,i have met with a relation of--of--the ,avenels4 ,indeed6 ,whom--,richard ,avenel8 ,richard--,richard--who is he8 ,oh1 ,i remember2 the wild lad who went off to ,america2 but that was when ,i was a mere child4 ,that ,richard ,avenel is now a rich thriving trader1 and his marriage is in this newspaper--married to an honorable ,mrs4 ,m',catchley4 ,well--in this country--who should plume himself on birth8 ,you did not say so always1 ,egerton1 replied ,harley1 with a tone of mournful reproach4 ,and ,i say so now1 pertinently to a ,mrs4 ,m',catchley1 not to the heir of the ,l',estranges4 ,but no more of these--these ,avenels4 ,yes1 more of them4 ,i tell you ,i have met a relation of theirs--a nephew of--of-- ,of ,richard ,avenel's8 interrupted ,egerton2 and then added in the slow1 deliberate1 argumentative tone in which he was wont to speak in public3 ,richard ,avenel the trader6 ,i saw him once--a presuming and intolerable man6 ,the nephew has not those sins4 ,he is full of promise1 of modesty1 yet of pride4 ,and his countenance--oh1 ,egerton1 he has her eyes4 ,egerton made no answer4 ,and ,harley resumed-- ,i had thought of placing him under your care4 ,i knew you would provide for him4 ,i will4 ,bring him hither1 cried ,egerton eagerly4 ,all that ,i can do to prove my--regard for a wish of yours4 ,harley pressed his friend's hand warmly4 ,i thank you from my heart2 the ,audley of my boyhood speaks now4 ,but the young man has decided otherwise2 and ,i do not blame him4 ,nay1 ,i rejoice that he chooses a career in which1 if he find hardship1 he may escape dependence4 ,and that career is-- ,letters4 ,letters--,literature6 exclaimed the statesman4 ,beggary6 ,no1 no1 ,harley1 this is your absurd romance4 ,it will not be beggary1 and it is not my romance3 it is the boy's4 ,leave him alone1 he is in my care and my charge henceforth4 ,he is of her blood1 and ,i said that he had her eyes4 ,but you are going abroad2 let me know where he is2 ,i will watch over him4 ,and unsettle a right ambition for a wrong one8 ,no--you shall know nothing of him till he can proclaim himself4 ,i think that day will come4 ,audley mused a moment1 and then said1 ,well1 perhaps you are right4 ,after all1 as you say1 independence is a great blessing1 and my ambition has not rendered myself the better or the happier4 ,yet1 my poor ,audley1 you ask me to be ambitious4 ,i only wish you to be consoled1 cried ,egerton with passion4 ,i will try to be so2 and by the help of a milder remedy than yours4 ,i said that my adventure might influence my future2 it brought me acquainted not only with the young man ,i speak of1 but the most winning1 affectionate child--a girl4 ,is this child an ,avenel too8 ,no1 she is of gentle blood--a soldier's daughter2 the daughter of that ,captain ,digby1 on whose behalf ,i was a petitioner to your patronage4 ,he is dead1 and in dying1 my name was on his lips4 ,he meant me1 doubtless1 to be the guardian to his orphan4 ,i shall be so4 ,i have at last an object in life4 ,but can you seriously mean to take this child with you abroad8 ,seriously1 ,i do4 ,and lodge her in your own house8 ,for a year or so while she is yet a child4 ,then1 as she approaches youth1 ,i shall place her elsewhere4 ,you may grow to love her4 ,is it clear that she will love you8--not mistake gratitude for love8 ,it is a very hazardous experiment4 ,so was ,william the ,norman's--still he was ,william the ,conqueror4 ,thou biddest me move on from the past1 and be consoled1 yet thou wouldst make me as inapt to progress as the mule in ,slawkenbergius's tale1 with thy cursed interlocutions1 ',stumbling1 by ,st4 ,nicholas1 every step4 ,why1 at this rate1 we shall be all night getting into--' ,happiness6 ,listen1 continued ,harley1 setting off1 full pelt1 into one of his wild whimsical humors4 ,one of the sons of the prophets in ,israel1 felling wood near the ,river ,jordan1 his hatchet forsook the helve1 and fell to the bottom of the river2 so he prayed to have it again1 7it was but a small request1 mark you27 and having a strong faith1 he did not throw the hatchet after the helve1 but the helve after the hatchet4 ,presently two great miracles were seen4 ,up springs the hatchet from the bottom of the water1 and fixes itself to its old acquaintance1 the helve4 ,now1 had he wished to coach it to ,heaven in a fiery chariot like ,elias1 be as rich as ,job1 strong as ,samson1 and beautiful as ,absalom1 would he have obtained it1 do you think8 ,in truth1 my friend1 ,i question it very much4 ,i cannot comprehend what you mean4 ,sad stuff you are talking4 ,i can't help that2 ,rabelais is to be blamed for it4 ,i am quoting him1 and it is to be found in his prologue to the chapters on the ,moderation of ,wishes4 ,and apropos of 'moderate wishes in point of hatchet1' ,i want you to understand that ,i ask but little from ,heaven4 ,i fling but the helve after the hatchet that has sunk into the silent stream4 ,i want the other half of the weapon that is buried fathom deep1 and for want of which the thick woods darken round me by the ,sacred ,river1 and ,i can catch not a glimpse of the stars4 ,in plain ,english1 said ,audley ,egerton1 you want--he stopped short1 puzzled4 ,i want my purpose and my will1 and my old character1 and the nature ,god gave me4 ,i want the half of my soul which has fallen from me4 ,i want such love as may replace to me the vanished affections4 ,reason not--,i throw the helve after the hatchet4 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,randal ,leslie1 on leaving ,audley1 repaired to ,frank's lodgings1 and after being closeted with the young guardsman an hour or so1 took his way to ,limmer's hotel1 and asked for ,mr4 ,hazeldean4 ,he was shown into the coffee-room1 while the waiter went up stairs with his card1 to see if the ,squire was within1 and disengaged4 ,the ,times newspaper lay sprawling on one of the tables1 and ,randal1 leaning over it1 looked with attention into the column containing births1 deaths1 and marriages4 ,but in that long and miscellaneous list1 he could not conjecture the name which had so excited ,mr4 ,egerton's interest4 ,vexatious6 he muttered2 there is no knowledge which has power more useful than that of the secrets of men4 ,he turned as the waiter entered1 and said that ,mr4 ,hazeldean would be glad to see him4 ,as ,randal entered the drawing-room1 the ,squire shaking hands with him1 looked towards the door as if expecting some one else1 and his honest face assumed a blank expression of disappointment when the door closed1 and he found that ,randal was unaccompanied4 ,well1 said he bluntly1 ,i thought your old school-fellow1 ,frank1 might have been with you4 ,have not you seen him yet1 sir8 ,no1 ,i came to town this morning2 travelled outside the mail2 sent to his barracks1 but the young gentleman does not sleep there--has an apartment of his own2 he never told me that4 ,we are a plain family1 the ,hazeldeans--young sir2 and ,i hate being kept in the dark1 by my own son too4 ,randal made no answer1 but looked sorrowful4 ,the ,squire1 who had never before seen his kinsman1 had a vague idea that it was not quite polite to entertain a stranger1 though a connection to himself1 with his family troubles1 and so resumed good-naturedly3 ,i am very glad to make your acquaintance at last1 ,mr4 ,leslie4 ,you know1 ,i hope1 that you have good ,hazeldean blood in your veins8 ,randal1 7smilingly74--,i am not likely to forget that2 it is the boast of our pedigree4 ,squire1 7heartily47--,shake hands again on it1 my boy4 ,you don't want a friend1 since my grandee of a half-brother has taken you up2 but if ever you should1 ,hazeldean is not very far from ,rood4 ,can't get on with your father at all1 my lad--more's the pity1 for ,i think ,i could have given him a hint or two as to the improvement of his property4 ,if he would plant those ugly commons--larch and fir soon come into profit1 sir2 and there are some low lands about ,rood that would take mighty kindly to draining4 ,randal4--,my poor father lives a life so retired1 and you cannot wonder at it4 ,fallen trees lie still1 and so do fallen families4 ,squire4--,fallen families can get up again1 which fallen trees can't4 ,randal4--,ah1 sir1 it often takes the energy of generations to repair the thriftlessness and extravagance of a single owner4 ,squire1 7his brow lowering47--,that's very true4 ,frank is d----d extravagant2 treats me very coolly1 too--not coming2 near three o'clock4 ,by the by1 ,i suppose he told you where ,i was1 otherwise how did you find me out6 ,randal1 7reluctantly47--,sir1 he did2 and1 to speak frankly1 ,i am not surprised that he has not yet appeared4 ,squire4--,eh8 ,randal4--,we have grown very intimate4 ,squire4--,so he writes me word--and ,i am glad of it4 ,our member1 ,sir ,john1 tells me you are a very clever fellow1 and a very steady one4 ,and ,frank says that he wishes he had your prudence1 if he can't have your talents4 ,he has a good heart1 ,frank1 added the father1 relentingly4 ,but1 zounds1 sir1 you say you are not surprised he has not come to welcome his own father8 ,my dear sir1 said ,randal1 you wrote word to ,frank that you had heard from ,sir ,john and others1 of his goings-on1 and that you were not satisfied with his replies to your letters4 ,well4 ,and then you suddenly come up to town4 ,well4 ,well4 ,and ,frank is ashamed to meet you4 ,for1 as you say1 he has been extravagant1 and he has exceeded his allowance2 and1 knowing my respect for you1 and my great affection for himself1 he has asked me to prepare you to receive his confession and forgive him4 ,i know ,i am taking a great liberty4 ,i have no right to interfere between father and son2 but pray--pray think ,i mean for the best4 ,humph6 said the ,squire1 recovering himself very slowly1 and showing evident pain4 ,i knew already that ,frank had spent more than he ought2 but ,i think he should not have employed a third person to prepare me to forgive him4 7,excuse me--no offence47 ,and if he wanted a third person1 was not there his own mother8 ,what the devil6--7firing up7--am ,i a tyrant--a bashaw--that my own son is afraid to speak to me8 ,gad1 ,i'll give it him8 ,pardon me1 sir1 said ,randal1 assuming at once that air of authority which superior intellect so well carries off and excuses4 ,but ,i strongly advise you not to express any anger at ,frank's confidence in me4 ,at present ,i have influence over him4 ,whatever you may think of his extravagance1 ,i have saved him from many an indiscretion1 and many a debt--a young man will listen to one of his own age so much more readily than even to the kindest friend of graver years4 ,indeed1 sir1 ,i speak for your sake as well as for ,frank's4 ,let me keep this influence over him2 and don't reproach him for the confidence he placed in me4 ,nay1 let him rather think that ,i have softened any displeasure you might otherwise have felt4 ,there seemed so much good sense in what ,randal said1 and the kindness of it seemed so disinterested1 that the ,squire's native shrewdness was deceived4 ,you are a fine young fellow1 said he1 and ,i am very much obliged to you4 ,well1 ,i suppose there is no putting old heads upon young shoulders2 and ,i promise you ,i'll not say an angry word to ,frank4 ,i dare say1 poor boy1 he is very much afflicted1 and ,i long to shake hands with him4 ,so1 set his mind at ease4 ,ah1 sir1 said ,randal1 with much apparent emotion1 your son may well love you2 and it seems to be a hard matter for so kind a heart as yours to preserve the proper firmness with him4 ,oh1 ,i can be firm enough1 quoth the squire--especially when ,i don't see him--handsome dog that he is--very like his mother--don't you think so8 ,i never saw his mother1 sir4 ,gad6 ,not seen my ,harry6 ,no more you have2 you must come and pay us a visit4 ,we have your grandmother's picture1 when she was a girl1 with a crook in one hand and a bunch of lilies in the other4 ,i suppose my half-brother will let you come8 ,to be sure1 sir4 ,will you not call on him while you are in town8 ,not ,i4 ,he would think ,i expected to get something from the ,government4 ,tell him the ministers must go on a little better1 if they want my vote for their member4 ,but go4 ,i see you are impatient to tell ,frank that all's forgot and forgiven4 ,come and dine with him here at six1 and let him bring his bills in his pocket4 ,oh1 ,i shan't scold him4 ,why1 as to that1 said ,randal1 smiling1 ,i think 7forgive me still7 that you should not take it too easily2 just as ,i think that you had better not blame him for his very natural and praiseworthy shame in approaching you1 so ,i think1 also1 that you should do nothing that would tend to diminish that shame--it is such a check on him4 ,and therefore1 if you can contrive to affect to be angry with him for his extravagance1 it will do good4 ,you speak like a book1 and ,i'll try my best4 ,if you threaten1 for instance1 to take him out of the army1 and settle him in the country1 it would have a very good effect4 ,what6 would he think it so great a punishment to come home and live with his parents8 ,i don't say that2 but he is naturally so fond of ,london4 ,at his age1 and with his large inheritance1 that is natural4 ,inheritance6 said the ,squire1 moodily--inheritance6 he is not thinking of that1 ,i trust8 ,zounds1 sir1 ,i have as good a life as his own4 ,inheritance6--to be sure the ,casino property is entailed on him2 but1 as for the rest1 sir1 ,i am no tenant for life4 ,i could leave the ,hazeldean lands to my ploughman1 if ,i chose it4 ,inheritance1 indeed6 ,my dear sir1 ,i did not mean to imply that ,frank would entertain the unnatural and monstrous idea of calculating on your death2 and all we have to do is to get him to sow his wild oats as soon as possible--marry1 and settle down into the country4 ,for it would be a thousand pities if his town habits and tastes grew permanent--a bad thing for the ,hazeldean property1 that4 ,and1 added ,randal1 laughing1 ,i feel an interest in the old place1 since my grandmother comes of the stock4 ,so1 just force yourself to seem angry1 and grumble a little when you pay the bills4 ,ah1 ah1 trust me1 said the ,squire1 doggedly and with a very altered air1 ,i am much obliged to you for these hints1 my young kinsman4 ,and his stout hand trembled a little as he extended it to ,randal4 ,leaving ,limmer's1 ,randal hastened to ,frank's rooms in ,st4 ,james's ,street4 ,my dear fellow1 said he1 when he entered1 it is very fortunate that ,i persuaded you to let me break matters to your father4 ,you might well say he was rather passionate2 but ,i have contrived to soothe him4 ,you need not fear that he will not pay your debts4 ,i never feared that1 said ,frank changing color2 ,i only fear his anger4 ,but1 indeed1 ,i feared his kindness still more4 ,what a reckless hound ,i have been6 ,however1 it shall be a lesson to me4 ,and my debts once paid1 ,i will turn as economical as yourself4 ,quite right1 ,frank4 ,and1 indeed1 ,i am a little afraid that when your father knows the total1 he may execute a threat that would be very unpleasant to you4 ,what's that8 ,make you sell out1 and give up ,london4 ,the devil6 exclaimed ,frank1 with fervent emphasis2 that would be treating me like a child4 ,why1 it would make you seem rather ridiculous to your set1 which is not a very rural one4 ,and you1 who like ,london so much1 and are so much the fashion4 ,don't talk of it1 cried ,frank1 walking to and fro the room in great disorder4 ,perhaps on the whole1 it might be well not to say all you owe1 at once4 ,if you named half the sum1 your father would let you off with a lecture2 and really ,i tremble at the effect of the total4 ,but how shall ,i pay the other half8 ,oh1 you must save from your allowance2 it is a very liberal one2 and the tradesmen are not pressing4 ,no--but the cursed bill-brokers-- ,always renew to a young man of your expectations4 ,and if ,i get into an office1 ,i can always help you1 my dear ,frank4 ,ah1 ,randal1 ,i am not so bad as to take advantage of your friendship1 said ,frank warmly4 ,but it seems to me mean1 after all1 and a sort of a lie1 indeed1 disguising the real state of my affairs4 ,i should not have listened to the idea from any one else4 ,but you are such a sensible1 kind1 honorable fellow4 ,after epithets so flattering1 ,i shrink from the responsibility of advice4 ,but apart from your own interests1 ,i should be glad to save your father the pain he would feel at knowing the whole extent of the scrape you have got into4 ,and if it entailed on you the necessity to lay by--and give up hazard1 and not be security for other men--why it would be the best thing that could happen4 ,really1 too1 it seems hard on ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 that he should be the only sufferer1 and quite just that you should bear half your own burdens4 ,so it is1 ,randal2 that did not strike me before4 ,i will take your counsel2 and now ,i will go at once to ,limmer's4 ,my dear father6 ,i hope he is looking well8 ,oh1 very4 ,such a contrast to the sallow ,londoners6 ,but ,i think you had better not go till dinner4 ,he has asked me to meet you at six4 ,i will call for you a little before1 and we can go together4 ,this will prevent a great deal of gene and constraint4 ,good-bye till then4--,ha6--by the way1 ,i think if ,i were you1 ,i would not take the matter too seriously and penitentially4 ,you see the best of fathers like to keep their sons under their thumb1 as the saying is4 ,and if you want at your age to preserve your independence1 and not be hurried off and buried in the country1 like a school-boy in disgrace1 a little manliness of bearing would not be amiss4 ,you can think over it4 ,the dinner at ,limmer's went off very differently from what it ought to have done4 ,randal's words had sunk deep1 and rankled sorely in the ,squire's mind2 and that impression imparted a certain coldness to his manner which belied the hearty1 forgiving1 generous impulse with which he had come up to ,london1 and which even ,randal had not yet altogether whispered away4 ,on the other hand1 ,frank1 embarrassed both by the sense of disingenuousness1 and a desire not to take the thing too seriously1 seemed to the ,squire ungracious and thankless4 ,after dinner1 the ,squire began to hum and haw1 and ,frank to color up and shrink4 ,both felt discomposed by the presence of a third person2 till1 with an art and address worthy of a better cause1 ,randal himself broke the ice1 and so contrived to remove the restraint he had before imposed1 that at length each was heartily glad to have matters made clear and brief by his dexterity and tact4 ,frank's debts were not in reality1 large2 and when he named the half of them--looking down in shame--the ,squire1 agreeably surprised1 was about to express himself with a liberal heartiness that would have opened his son's excellent heart at once to him4 ,but a warning look from ,randal checked the impulse2 and the ,squire thought it right1 as he had promised1 to affect an anger he did not feel1 and let fall the unlucky threat1 that it was all very well once in a way to exceed his allowance2 but if ,frank did not1 in future1 show more sense than to be led away by a set of ,london sharks and coxcombs1 he must cut the army1 come home1 and take to farming4 ,frank imprudently exclaimed1 ,oh1 sir1 ,i have no taste for farming4 ,and after ,london1 at my age1 the country would be so horribly dull4 ,aha6 said the ,squire1 very grimly--and he thrust back into his pocket-book some extra bank-notes which his fingers had itched to add to those he had already counted out4 ,the country is terribly dull1 is it8 ,money goes there not upon follies and vices1 but upon employing honest laborers1 and increasing the wealth of the nation4 ,it does not please you to spend money in that way3 it is a pity you should ever be plagued with such duties4 ,my dear father-- ,hold your tongue1 you puppy4 ,oh1 ,i dare say1 if you were in my shoes1 you would cut down the oaks1 and mortgage the property--sell it1 for what ,i know--all go on a cast of the dice6 ,aha1 sir--very well1 very well--the country is horribly dull1 is it8 ,pray1 stay in town4 ,my dear ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 said ,randal1 blandly1 and as if with the wish to turn off into a joke what threatened to be serious1 you must not interpret a hasty expression so literally4 ,why1 you would make ,frank as bad as ,lord ,a----1 who wrote word to his steward to cut down more timber2 and when the steward replied1 ',there are only three signposts left on the whole estate1' wrote back1 ',they've done growing1 at all events--'down with them4' ,you ought to know ,lord ,a----1 sir2 so witty2 and ,frank's particular friend4 ,your particular friend1 ,master ,frank8 ,pretty friends6--and the ,squire buttoned up the pocket1 to which he had transferred his note-book1 with a determined air4 ,but ,i'm his friend1 too1 said ,randal1 kindly2 and ,i preach to him properly1 ,i can tell you4 ,then1 as if delicately anxious to change the subject1 he began to ask questions upon crops1 and the experiment of bone manure4 ,he spoke earnestly1 and with gusto1 yet with the deference of one listening to a great practical authority4 ,randal had spent the afternoon in cramming the subject from agricultural journals and ,parliamentary reports2 and1 like all practised readers1 had really learned in a few hours more than many a man1 unaccustomed to study1 could gain from books in a year4 ,the ,squire was surprised and pleased at the young scholar's information and taste for such subjects4 ,but1 to be sure1 quoth he1 with an angry look at poor ,frank1 you have good ,hazeldean blood in you1 and know a bean from a turnip4 ,why1 sir1 said ,randal1 ingenuously1 ,i am training myself for public life2 and what is a public man worth if he do not study the agriculture of his country8 ,right--what is he worth8 ,put that question1 with my compliments1 to my half-brother4 ,what stuff he did talk1 the other night1 on the malt tax1 to be sure6 ,mr4 ,egerton has had so many other things to think of1 that we must excuse his want of information upon one topic1 however important4 ,with his strong sense1 he must acquire that information1 sooner or later2 for he is fond of power2 and1 sir1--knowledge is power6 ,very true2--very fine saying1 quoth the poor ,squire1 unsuspiciously1 as ,randal's eye rested upon ,mr4 ,hazeldean's open face1 and then glanced towards ,frank1 who looked sad and bored4 ,yes1 repeated ,randal1 knowledge is power2 and he shook his head wisely1 as he passed the bottle to his host4 ,still1 when the ,squire1 who meant to return to the ,hall next morning1 took leave of ,frank1 his heart warmed to his son2 and still more for ,frank's dejected looks4 ,it was not ,randal's policy to push estrangement too far at first1 and in his own presence4 ,speak to poor ,frank--kindly now1 sir--do2 whispered he1 observing the ,squire's watery eyes1 as he moved to the window4 ,the ,squire rejoiced to obey--thrust out his hand to his son--,my dear boy1 said he1 there1 don't fret--pshaw6--it was but a trifle after all4 ,think no more of it4 ,frank took the hand1 and suddenly threw his arm round his father's broad shoulder4 ,oh1 sir1 you are too good--too good4 ,his voice trembled so1 that ,randal took alarm1 passed by him1 and touched him meaningly4 ,the ,squire pressed his son to his heart--heart so large1 that it seemed to fill the whole width under his broadcloth4 ,my dear ,frank1 said he1 half blubbering1 it is not the money2 but1 you see1 it so vexes your poor mother2 you must be careful in future2 and1 zounds1 boy1 it will be all yours one day2 only don't calculate on it2 ,i could not bear that--,i could not1 indeed4 ,calculate6 cried ,frank4 ,oh1 sir1 can you think it6 ,i am so delighted that ,i had some slight hand in your complete reconciliation with ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 said ,randal1 as the young men walked from the hotel4 ,i saw that you were disheartened1 and ,i told him to speak to you kindly4 ,did you8 ,ah1 ,i am sorry he needed telling4 ,i know his character so well already1 said ,randal1 that ,i flatter myself ,i can always keep things between you as they ought to be4 ,what an excellent man6 ,the best man in the world6 cried ,frank1 heartily2 and then as his accent drooped1 yet ,i have deceived him4 ,i have a great mind to go back-- ,and tell him to give you twice as much money as you had asked for4 ,he would think you had only seemed so affectionate in order to take him in4 ,no1 no1 ,frank2 save--lay by--economize2 and then tell him that you have paid half your own debts4 ,something high-minded in that4 ,so there is4 ,your heart is as good as your head4 ,good night4 ,are you going home so early8 ,have you no engagements8 ,none that ,i shall keep4 ,good night1 then4 ,they parted1 and ,randal walked into one of the fashionable clubs4 ,he neared a table1 where three or four young men 7younger sons1 who lived in the most splendid style1 heaven knew how7 were still over their wine4 ,leslie had little in common with these gentlemen2 but he forced his nature to be agreeable to them1 in consequence of a very excellent piece of worldly advice given to him by ,audley ,egerton4 ,never let the dandies call you a prig1 said the statesman4 ,many a clever fellow fails through life1 because the silly fellows1 whom half a word well spoken could make his claqueurs1 turn him into ridicule4 ,whatever you are1 avoid the fault of most reading men3 in a word1 don't be a prig6 ,i have just left ,hazeldean1 said ,randal--what a good fellow he is6 ,capital1 said the honorable ,george ,borrowwell4 ,where is he8 ,why1 he is gone to his rooms4 ,he has had a little scene with his father1 a thorough1 rough country squire4 ,it would be an act of charity if you would go and keep him company1 or take him with you to some place a little more lively than his own lodgings4 ,what6 the old gentleman has been teasing him8--a horrid shame6 ,why1 ,frank is not expensive1 and he will be very rich--eh8 ,an immense property1 said ,randal1 and not a mortgage on it2 an only son1 he added1 turning away4 ,among these young gentlemen there was a kindly and most benevolent whisper1 and presently they all rose1 and walked away towards ,frank's lodgings4 ,the wedge is in the tree1 said ,randal to himself1 and there is a gap already between the bark and the wood4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,harley ,l',estrange is seated beside ,helen at the lattice-window in the cottage at ,norwood4 ,the bloom of reviving health is on the child's face1 and she is listening with a smile1 for ,harley is speaking of ,leonard with praise1 and of ,leonard's future with hope4 ,and thus1 he continued1 secure from his former trials1 happy in his occupation1 and pursuing the career he has chosen1 we must be content1 my dear child1 to leave him4 ,leave him6 exclaimed ,helen1 and the rose on her cheek faded4 ,harley was not displeased to see her emotion4 ,he would have been disappointed in her heart if it had been less susceptible to affection4 ,it is hard on you1 ,helen1 said he1 to separate you from one who has been to you as a brother4 ,do not hate me for doing so4 ,but ,i consider myself your guardian1 and your home as yet must be mine4 ,we are going from this land of cloud and mist1 going as into the world of summer4 ,well1 that does not content you4 ,you weep1 my child2 you mourn your own friend1 but do not forget your father's4 ,i am alone1 and often sad1 ,helen2 will you not comfort me8 ,you press my hand1 but you must learn to smile on me also4 ,you are born to be the ,comforter4 ,comforters are not egotists2 they are always cheerful when they console4 ,the voice of ,harley was so sweet1 and his words went so home to the child's heart1 that she looked up and smiled in his face as he kissed her ingenuous brow4 ,but then she thought of ,leonard1 and felt so solitary--so bereft--that tears burst forth again4 ,before these were dried1 ,leonard himself entered1 and obeying an irresistible impulse1 she sprang to his arms1 and1 leaning her head on his shoulder1 sobbed out1 ,i am going from you1 brother--do not grieve--do not miss me4 ,harley was much moved3 he folded his arms1 and contemplated them both silently--and his own eyes were moist1 ,this heart1 thought he1 will be worth the winning6 ,he drew aside ,leonard1 and whispered1 ,soothe but encourage and support her4 ,i leave you together2 come to me in the garden later4 ,it was nearly an hour before ,leonard joined ,harley4 ,she was not weeping when you left her8 asked ,l',estrange4 ,no2 she has more fortitude than we might suppose4 ,heaven knows how that fortitude has supported mine4 ,i have promised to write to her often4 ,harley took two strides across the lawn1 and then1 coming back to ,leonard1 said1 ,keep your promise1 and write often for the first year4 ,i would then ask you to let the correspondence drop gradually4 ,drop6--,ah1 my lord6 ,look you1 my young friend1 ,i wish to lead this fair mind wholly from the sorrows of the ,past4 ,i wish ,helen to enter1 not abruptly1 but step by step1 into a new life4 ,you love each other now as do two children--as brother and sister4 ,but later1 if encouraged1 would the love be the same8 ,and is it not better for both of you1 that youth should open upon the world with youth's natural affections free and unforestalled8 ,true6 and she is so above me1 said ,leonard1 mournfully4 ,no one is above him who succeeds in your ambition1 ,leonard4 ,it is not that1 believe me6 ,leonard shook his head4 ,perhaps1 said ,harley1 with a smile1 ,i rather feel that you are above me4 ,for what vantage-ground is so high as youth8 ,perhaps ,i may become jealous of you4 ,it is well that she should learn to like one who is to be henceforth her guardian and protector4 ,yet1 how can she like me as she ought1 if her heart is to be full of you8 ,the boy bowed his head2 and ,harley hastened to change the subject1 and speak of letters and of glory4 ,his words were eloquent1 and his voice kindling2 for he had been an enthusiast for fame in his boyhood2 and in ,leonard's his own seemed to him to revive4 ,but the poet's heart gave back no echo--suddenly it seemed void and desolate4 ,yet when ,leonard walked back by the moonlight1 he muttered to himself1 ,strange--strange--so mere a child1 this cannot be love6 ,still what else to love is there left to me8 ,and so he paused upon the bridge where he had so often stood with ,helen1 and on which he had found the protector that had given to her a home--to himself a career4 ,and life seemed very long1 and fame but a dreary phantom4 ,courage1 still1 ,leonard6 ,these are the sorrows of the heart that teach thee more than all the precepts of sage and critic4 ,another day1 and ,helen had left the shores of ,england1 with her fanciful and dreaming guardian4 ,years will pass before our tale reopens4 ,life in all the forms we have seen it travels on4 ,and the ,squire farms and hunts2 and the ,parson preaches and chides and soothes4 ,and ,riccabocca reads his ,machiavelli1 and sighs and smiles as he moralizes on ,men and ,states4 ,and ,violante's dark eyes grow deeper and more spiritual in their lustre2 and her beauty takes thought from solitary dreams4 ,and ,mr4 ,richard ,avenel has his house in ,london1 and the honorable ,mrs4 ,avenel her opera box2 and hard and dire is their struggle into fashion1 and hotly does the new man1 scorning the aristocracy1 to pant become aristocrat4 ,and ,audley ,egerton goes from the office to the ,parliament1 and drudges1 and debates1 and helps to govern the empire in which the sun never sets4 ,poor ,sun1 how tired he must be--but none more tired than the ,government6 ,and ,randal ,leslie has an excellent place in the bureau of a minister1 and is looking to the time when he shall resign it to come into ,parliament1 and on that large arena turn knowledge into power4 ,and meanwhile1 he is much where he was with ,audley ,egerton2 but he has established intimacy with the ,squire1 and visited ,hazeldean twice1 and examined the house and the map of the property--and very nearly fallen a second time into the ,ha-ha1 and the ,squire believes that ,randal ,leslie alone can keep ,frank out of mischief1 and has spoken rough words to his ,harry about ,frank's continued extravagance4 ,and ,frank does continue to pursue pleasure1 and is very miserable1 and horribly in debt4 ,and ,madame di ,negra has gone from ,london to ,paris1 and taken a tour into ,switzerland1 and come back to ,london again1 and has grown very intimate with ,randal ,leslie2 and ,randal has introduced ,frank to her2 and ,frank thinks her the loveliest woman in the world1 and grossly slandered by certain evil tongues4 ,and the brother of ,madame di ,negra is expected in ,england at least2 and what with his repute for beauty and for wealth1 people anticipate a sensation2 and ,leonard1 and ,harley1 and ,helen8 ,patience--they will all reappear4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,continued from page #chf4 ,,fragments ,,from ,a ,,volume ,,of ,,poems ,,by ,,thomas ,,lovell ,,beddoes4 ,just ,published in ,london4 ,,nothing ,,alone4 ,all round and through the spaces of creation ,no hiding-place of the least air1 or earth1 ,or sea1 invisible1 untrod1 unrained on1 ,contains a thing alone4 ,not e'en the bird1 ,that can go up the labyrinthine winds ,between its pinions1 and pursues the summer1-- ,not even the great serpent of the billows1 ,who winds him thrice around this planet's waist1-- ,is by itself in joy or suffering4 ,,love4 ,o that sweet influence of thoughts and looks6 ,that change of being1 which1 to one who lives1 ,is nothing less divine than divine life ,to the unmade6 ,love8 ,do ,i love8 ,i walk ,within the brilliance of another's thought1 ,as in a glory4 ,,innocent ,,welcome ,,to ,,evil4 ,how thou art like the daisy in ,noah's meadow1 ,on which the foremost drop of rain fell warm ,and soft at evening2 so the little flower ,wrapped up its leaves1 and shut the treacherous water ,close to the golden welcome of its breast1-- ,delighting in the touch of that which led ,the shower of oceans1 in whose billowy drops ,tritons and lions of the sea were warring4 ,,the ,,impartial ,,banquet4 ,the unfashionable worm1 ,respectless of crown-illumined brow1 ,to cheek's bewitchment1 or the sceptred clench1 ,with no more eyes than ,love1 creeps courtier-like1 ,on his thin belly1 to his food1--no matter ,how clad or nicknamed it might strut above1 ,what age or sex1--it is his dinner-time4 ,,argument ,,for ,,mercy4 ,i have a plea1 ,as dewy piteous as the gentle ghost's ,that sits alone upon a forest-grave ,thinking of no revenge3 ,i have a mandate1 ,as magical and potent as e'er ran ,silently through a battle's myriad veins1 ,undid their fingers from the hanging steel1 ,and drew them up in prayer3 ,i ,,am ,a ,,woman4 ,o motherly-remembered be the name1 ,and1 with the thought of loves and sisters1 sweet ,and comforting6 ,,intercession ,,between ,a ,,father ,,and ,a ,,son4 ,there stands before you ,the youth and golden top of your existence1 ,another life of yours3 for1 think your morning ,not lost1 but given1 passed from your hand to his ,the same except in place4 ,be then to him ,as was the former tenant of your age1 ,when you were in the prologue of your time1 ,and he lay hid in you unconsciously ,under his life4 ,and thou1 my younger master1 ,remember there's a kind of ,god in him2 ,and1 after heaven1 the next of thy religion4 ,thy second fears of ,god1 thy first of man1 ,are his1 who was creation's delegate1 ,and made this world for thee in making thee4 ,authors and ,books4 ,,carl ,,immerman',s ,theater-,briefe 7,letters on the ,theatre71 says a ,german critic1 is interesting not only as a history of a ,german theatre1 but as an excellent addition to the literature of aesthetic criticism4 ,this work refers more especially to the years #ahcc-cg1 during which time1 as is well known1 ,immerman attempted to establish in ,duesseldorf an ideal theatre1 somewhat in the style of that at ,weimar4 ,we have frequently1 in conversation with a gentleman who held an appointment in this ,duesseldorf ,ideal ,theatre1 received amusing and interesting accounts of ,immerman's style of management4 ,that his plan did not succeed is undoubtedly for the sake of ,art to be regretted2 yet we can by no means unconditionally approve of the ideas upon which ,immerman based his theories4 ,he was certainly right in endeavoring to form a unity of style in dramatic representations2 but how he could have deemed such an unity possible1 when grounded upon such diametrically opposed aesthetic bases as those of ,shakespeare and ,calderon1 is to us unintelligible4 ,the remarks on the most convenient and practical style of executing certain pieces--for example1 ,hamlet--are worthy of attention1 as also a few explanations relative to ,immerman's own dramatic conceptions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kohl1 whose innumerable and well-known books of travel have caused him to be cited even in book-making ,germany as an instance of ,ausserordentlichen ,fruchtbarkeit1 or extraordinary fertility1 has published1 through ,kuntze of ,dresden1 yet another work1 entitled ,sketches of ,nature and ,popular ,life1 which is however said to be inferior to the average of his works--principally1 we imagine1 from his falling into the besetting sin of ,german writers since the late revolutions1 namely1 of talking politics when he should have quoted poetry4 ,we should not be surprised to find some day a treatise on qualitative chemistry1 commencing with an analysis of the ,prussian constitution1 or an anatomical work1 concluding with a dissection of ,germany in general4 ,kohl possesses1 however1 great faculties of observation1 is an accurate describer1 and has1 perhaps1 done as much as any man of the age towards making different countries acquainted with each other4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the friends of the ,italian language and literature1 will do well to cast an occasional kindly glance on ,l',eco d',italia 7,the ,echo of ,italy71 an excellent weekly paper published by ,signor ,,secchi ,,de ,,casali1 in this city1 at number #bhi ,broadway4 ,many admirable poems find their way from time to time into this periodical1 while its foreign correspondence is of a high order of merit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,polish authoress ,,narcisa ,,zwichowska1 well known to all who are acquainted with the literature of that country1 has received from the ,russian authorities an order to enter a convent1 and no longer to occupy herself with literature1 but with labors of a manual kind1 which are more becoming to women4 ,she is to receive from the treasury a silver ruble1 or about sixty-two and a half cents a day for her support4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cooking is no doubt a great science1 and its chief prophet is undeniably ,,eugene ,,baron ,,baerst4 ,this gentleman1 who is well known in ,germany and elsewhere for his gallant services in ,spain1 in the army of ,don ,carlos1 has just brought out a work in two volumes1 of some six hundred and fifty pages each1 entitled ,gastrosophie1 oder die ,lehre von den ,freuden der ,tafel 7,gastrosophy1 or the ,doctrine of the ,delights of the ,table74 ,in this he evinces a thoroughness of knowledge and a fire of enthusiasm well calculated to astonish the reader1 who has probably not before been aware of the grandeur of the subjects discussed4 ,he begins with the very elements of his theme4 ,the man1 he exclaims in his preface1 who undertakes to write a cook-book1 must begin by teaching the mason how to build a fire-place1 so as not merely to produce heat from above or below1 but from both at once2 he must teach the butcher how to cut his meat1 and above all the baker how to make bread1 and especially the semmel 7a sort of small loaves with caraway or anise seed1 much liked in ,germany71 which are often very like leather and perfectly indigestible4 ,it is true that in ,psalm ,,civ4 verse #ae1 we are told that bread strengthens the heart of man1 but the semmel sort does no such thing2 and when ,linguet affirms1--and it is one of the greatest paradoxes ,i know of1--that bread is a noxious article of food1 he must be thinking of just that kind4 ,further1 it is necessary to instruct the gardener1 the vegetable woman1 the cattle dealer and feeder1 and a hundred other people down to the scullion1 who must learn to chop the spinage very fine and rub and tie it well1 and also not to wash the salad1 c4 ,and this is all the more necessary1 because bad workmen1--and their name is legion1--love no sort of instruction1 but fancy that they already know every thing better than anybody else4 ,to this extensive and thankless work of instruction1 the ,baron declares that he has devoted himself1 and that the iron will necessary to its accomplishment is his4 ,the iron health is however wanting1 and accordingly he can do nothing better for the fatherland's artists in eating than the present work4 ,at the last advices1 the valiant ,baron was dangerously ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,works on natural history and philosophy seldom possess much interest for the uninitiated in the physically practical4 ,an exception to this may however be found in the beautiful ,schmetterlingsbuch1 or ,butterfly book1 recently published by ,hoffman of ,stuttgart1 containing eleven hundred colored illustrations of these winged flowers1 as the ,chinese poetically term them4 ,equally attractive to every lover of exquisite works of scientific art1 is the recent ,american ,pomology1 edited by ,dr4 ,,brinckle of ,philadelphia1 and published by ,hoffy of that city4 ,this1 we state on the authority of the ,philadelphia ,art-,union ,reporter1 is the most splendid work of the kind ever published in this country or ,europe1 with a single exception1 which was issued under royal patronage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a valuable and useful book in these times is ,,stein',s ,geschichte der socialen ,bewegung in ,frankreich von #aghi bis auf unsere ,tage 7,history of the ,social ,movement in ,france from #aghi to our day74 ,it is in three volumes1 published at ,leipzig4 ,the ,socialismus und ,communismus of the same author has given him a wide reputation for impartiality and thoroughness1 which the present work must confirm and extend4 ,we do not coincide in all his views1 historical or critical1 but cordially recommend him to the study of all who desire to inform themselves as to one of the most important phases of modern history4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an interesting work entitled ,die ,macht des ,kleinen1 or ,the power of the ,little1 as shown in the formation of the crust of our earth-ball1 has recently been translated from the ,dutch of ,schwartzkopt1 by ,dr4 ,,schleiden of ,leipzig4 ,this book treats entirely of the works and wonders effected by that invisible brotherhood of architects1 the animalculae1 and shows how greatly the organic world is indebted to coral insects1 foraminiferae1 polypi1 and other cryptic beings1 for its existence and progress4 ,the illustrations are truly admirable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the recent publications at ,halle1 is a heavy octavo by ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,krause1 on the ,history of ,education1 ,instruction and ,culture among the ,greeks1 ,etruscans and ,romans4 ,it is drawn from the original sources1 and is the result of a most studious and thorough investigation of the subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a very intelligent young priest1 by name ,,joseph ,,lutz1 has recently published by ,laupp of ,tuebingen1 a ,handbook of ,catholic ,pulpit ,eloquence4 ,this work will be found highly interesting to those desirous of investigating the history and theories of modern eloquence4 ,we were already aware that in ,new-,england smoking and whistling are regarded as vices1 but first learned from the prospectus of this work that1 according to ,theremin1 eloquence is a virtue6 99 99 99 99 99 ,a collection of the popular songs of ,southern ,russia is now being published at ,moscow by ,mr4 ,,maksimowitsch1 who for twenty years has been in the ,ukraine1 engaged in taking down and preserving these interesting products of the early life of his people in that region4 ,this is not the first contribution of the kind that he has made to ,russian literature2 in #ahbg he published the ,songs of ,little ,russia1 consisting of one hundred and thirty pieces for male and female voices2 in #ahcd the ,popular ,songs of the ,ukraine1 consisting of one hundred and thirteen songs for men2 and in the same year the ,voices of ,ukraine ,song1 twenty-five pieces with music4 ,the present work is called by way of distinction ,collectaneum of ,ukraine ,popular ,songs2 it is to be in six parts1 containing about two thousand national poems4 ,each part is to be accompanied with explanatory notes1 and the last volume will contain an essay on ,russian popular poetry in general1 as well as on that of the ,ukraine in particular4 ,one volume has already appeared2 it is in two divisions3 the first of ,ukraine ,dumy1 the second of cradle songs and lullabys4 ,the ,dumy are a particular sort of poems peculiar to the ,ukraine4 ,they are in a most irregular measure1 varying from four to twelve syllables1 with the cadence varying in each line4 ,the only requirement is that they should rhyme1 and frequently several successive lines are made to do so4 ,these poems are the production of the ,vandurists1 or bards of the country1 who are even yet found on the southern shore of the ,dnieper4 ,these singers1 usually blind old men1 chant their ,dumy and their songs to the people1 accompanying themselves with both hands on the many-stringed vandura4 ,the ,dumy flourished most in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries4 ,there are some existing composed by ,mazeppa after the battle of ,pultowa1 and one or two other poets have left a ,dumy of the eighteenth1 but they are not equal to those of more primitive times4 ,since then there have been no new compositions in the way of popular songs and ballads1 but the older works have been repeated with variations and to new melodies4 ,the most frequent subjects of these ballads were1 of course1 historic personages and warlike deeds2 but often they sung of domestic matters and feelings1 winding up with a moral for the benefit of the young4 ,in this volume of ,mr4 ,maksimowitsch1 are twenty ,dumy2 their subjects are such as these3 ,fight of the ,cossack with the ,tartar1 the ,three ,brothers1 ,on the ,victory of ,gorgsun 7#afdh74 ,he reckons the number in existence at thirty4 ,of these he publishes1 four have not before been known4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new edition of ,hogarth's ,works is in process of republication at ,goettingen in a diminished size4 ,there are to be twelve parts at fifty cents each2 the third part has been published4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,,dr4 ,,andree',s great work on ,america1 whose commencement we noticed some months since1 the fifth1 sixth1 seventh and eighth parts have just reached us4 ,the ,german savan continues to justify the high encomiums we passed upon the earlier portions of his work4 ,he has used with the utmost industry and conscientiousness all the best sources of information on every subject he treats4 ,gallatin1 ,morton and ,squier he frequently quotes as authorities4 ,these four parts are devoted to the conclusion of the essay on the origin and history of the ,american race4 ,in this he calls attention to the fact that all the developments of ,american civilization took place on high plain lands and not in the rich vallies of the great rivers--a fact by the way which confirms ,mr4 ,carey's theory of the first settlement and culture of land1 though to this ,dr4 ,andree does not refer4 ,he then treats of ,canada1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,nova ,scotia1 the ,bermudas and the ,united ,states4 ,the leading facts in the geography1 history1 the sources of population1 the political constitution1 the geological structure1 soil1 climate1 industry1 resources1 and prospects of these countries are given with admirable succinctness1 thoroughness and justice4 ,as a book of ordinary reference1 none could be more convenient or reliable4 ,the most difficult questions are considered with a genuine ,german cosmopolitan impartiality of judgment4 ,the predominant influence in the formation of the ,american democratic institutions ,dr4 ,andree considers to be ,english1 or more strictly speaking ,teutonic4 ,other races and nations have contributed to the mass of the people1 but only the ,teutonic has laid the foundation and built the structure of the state4 ,it is a great blessing in the history of the continent that the ,french did not succeed in their plans of colonization1 for they would everywhere have founded not democratic but feudal institutions4 ,the slavery question he treats more in the interest of the south than in the spirit of the abolitionists1 whose course he condemns with considerable plainness of expression4 ,on the mode of finally solving this question1 he offers no speculations1 but contents himself with showing the great difficulties attending colonization and emancipation upon the soil4 ,the former he thinks impossible1 the latter can only produce war between the two races1 in which the latter must be exterminated4 ,this mode of viewing this subject we can testify is frequent among well-educated ,germans4 ,the statistics relating to the ,united ,states1 ,dr4 ,andree has collected in a most lucid manner2 we do not know where they are better or more conveniently arranged4 ,products1 imports1 exports1 debt of federal and state governments1 taxation1 shipping1 railroads1 canals1 schools1 are all given2 nothing escapes the vigilance of this most exemplary ethnographer4 ,his style is no less clear and vivid in these four parts than in those preceding4 ,the remainder will follow regularly4 ,the work may be found at ,westermann's1 corner of ,broadway and ,reade street1 by whose house in ,brunswick1 ,germany1 it is published4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,alexander ,,duval has a long article in the ,journal des ,debats entitled1 ,studies upon ,german ,love1 taking his text from ,bettina von ,arnim's famous correspondence with ,goethe1 and from the ,book of ,love1 in which the same sentimentalist has recorded her relations with the unfortunate ,guenderode4 ,m4 ,duval finds that in his intercourse with ,bettina1 ,goethe played a part which was honorable neither to his mind nor his heart4 ,in the ,book of ,love1 says ,m4 ,duval1 there is a little of every thing--of physics1 of metaphysics1 of poetry1 of natural history1 of biographical anecdotes1 the history of the first kiss1 of the second kiss1 and of the third kiss received by ,mlle4 ,bettina1 mixed up with apostrophes to the stars1 to the ocean1 to the mountains1 and above all1 to the moon1 which she loves so much that she never leaves it in peace4 ,in fact1 she has such a passion for whatever is lunatic1 that the moon above is not sufficient1 and she invents another1 an interior and metaphysical moon1 which enlightens the world of our thoughts4 ,about this she writes to ,goethe3 ,when thou art about to go to sleep1 confide thyself to the inward moon1 sleep in the light of the moon of thy own nature4 ,french literature was never disgraced by a girl's making a god of its most illustrious representative1 and his allowing the silly incense to be burned for years upon his altars2 but the evil is getting into ,france as well4 ,rousseau did not dare to publish his confessions1 but ,lamartine has had the courage1 and has served up to the public his own letters and the portraits of his mistresses4 ,madame ,sand's ,memoirs are also advertised2 another step that way and ,germany need no longer envy the country of ,montesquieu and ,voltaire1 of good sense and action4 99 99 99 99 99 ,readable and instructive is ,,hase',s ,neue ,propheten 7,new ,prophets71 just published in ,germany4 ,the new prophets are ,joan d',arc1 ,savonarola1 and the ,anabaptists of ,muenster4 ,they are treated historically and philosophically1 in a style whose simplicity1 animation1 and clearness1 differ most gratefully from the crabbed and long-winded sentences of the earlier ,german writers1 in the study of whom we dug our way into some imperfect acquaintance with that rich and flexible tongue4 ,the book is worthy of translation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new book on a subject which has latterly become prominent among the themes of ,european observation and thought is called ,suedslavische ,wanderwagen im ,sommer #ahej 7,wandering in ,southern ,slavonia in the ,summer of #ahej74 ,it is a series of vivid and interesting pictures of one of the most remarkable races and regions of ,europe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a singular work has recently been published by ,decker of ,berlin1 entitled ,monasticus ,irenaeus1 von ,jerusalem1 nach ,bethlehem 7or ,irenaeus ,monasticus3 a public message to the noble ,lady ,ida1 ,countess of ,hahn-,hahn3 for the profit and piety of all newly converted ,catholics47 ,in this work we find much talent1 deep learning1 and abundance of ,schleiermachian philosophy2 but remark on the other hand the following weak points3 ,firstly1 that the author cuts down a gnat with a scimitar1 or in other words overrates the talent and abilities of his adversary2 and1 secondly1 that he affects to assume the tone and style in which her work was written1 even in the title4 7,the reader will remember that the work of the ,countess was entitled ,from ,jerusalem1 and bore the motto1 ,,soli ,,deo ,,gloria47 ,in other respects also is this work1 if not decidedly wrong1 at least quite indifferent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lamartine',s ,history of the ,restoration is reviewed at length in the ,journal des ,debats1 by ,m4 ,cuvillier-,fleury4 ,it is a very severe piece of criticism4 ,lamartine is charged with injustice1 confusion1 and even a systematic perversion of the truth1 especially toward ,napoleon4 ,the account of the ,emperor's last days at ,fontainebleau1 is pronounced a tragi-comedy1 full of grimaces1 of explosions1 of puerile hesitations1 of impossible exaggerations4 ,men and facts are judged without reflection1 by prejudice1 by blind passion1 by a sort of fated and involuntary partiality4 ,the method of the book runs into declamation1 turgidity1 and redundancy2 he does not narrate1 he discourses or expounds2 he falls into mere gossip or is lost in analysis2 instead of portraits he paints miniatures1 and does not conceive an historical picture without a fancy vignette4 ,his descriptive lyricism1 instead of imparting a grandeur to his subject1 diminishes it2 instead of refining it1 renders it petty4 ,besides1 in his overstrained and exaggerated style1 he is guilty of writing bad ,french2 ,m4 ,cuvillier-,fleury quotes several striking examples of this4 ,the article concludes by saying that the historian writes without ballast1 and goes at the impulse of every breeze which swells his sails1 and with no other care than the inspiration of the moment4 ,his subject carries him off by all the perspectives it opens to his imagination or his memory4 ,he is like a ship moving out of port with streamers floating from every mast1 its poop crowned with flowers1 and every sail set1 but without a rudder4 ,in spite of all criticism1 however1 this history has a large sale in ,france3 the first edition is already exhausted4 ,the practice of pirating1 usual at ,brussels and ,leipzic1 with reference to ,french works of importance1 has been prevented1 in this case1 by the preparation of cheap editions for ,belgium and ,germany1 which were issued there cotemporaneously with the publication at ,paris4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the second part of the third volume of ,,humboldt',s ,kosmos is nearly completed1 and will soon appear4 ,a fourth volume is to be added1 in which the geological studies of the venerable author will be set forth4 ,he is now nearly eighty-one years old1 and is as vigorous and youthful in feeling as ever4 ,the first part of the third volume of ,kosmos appeared in ,german and ,english several months ago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,history of ,polish ,literature1 from the remotest antiquity to #ahcj1 is now being published at ,warsaw1 by ,mr4 ,,maciejowki1 a writer thoroughly acquainted with the subject4 ,three parts of the first volume have appeared1 bringing the history down to the first half of the seventeenth century4 ,one more part will complete the volume1 and three volumes will complete the work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the study of ,russian archaeology and history is prosecuted in that country with a degree of activity and thoroughness that other nations are not aware of1 and publications of importance are made constantly4 ,within the present year the fifth part of the complete collection of ,russian ,chronicles has appeared1 the fourth of the collection of public documents relating to the history of ,western ,russia1 and the beginning of a new collection of foreign historians of ,russia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a curious contrast of light and shade is exhibited in the titles of two works recently published in ,vienna4 ,,siegfried ,,weiss 7or white7 puts forth a book1 ,on the present state and trade policy of ,germany1 while in the next paragraph of the same list ,n4 ,,schwartz 7or black7 appears as the author of ,the situation of ,austria as regards her trade policy4 ,this latter we should judge to be an excellent illustration of the old phrase1 nomen et omen6 99 99 99 99 99 ,periodical literature is making its way into ,asia4 ,a literary monthly has made its appearance at ,tiflis1 in the ,georgian language4 ,it will discuss ,georgian literature1 furnish translations from foreign tongues1 and treat of the arts and sciences1 and of agriculture4 ,what oriental students will find most interesting in this magazine1 will be its specimens of the popular literature of the country4 ,a new ,armenian periodical has also been commenced in the ,trans-,caucasian country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,german version of ,,hawthorne',s ,scarlet ,letter has been executed by one ,,du ,,bois1 and published by ,velliagen ,klasing of ,nielefeld4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,otto ,,hubner1 the industrious ,german economist1 is about to publish at ,leipsic a collection of the tariffs of all nations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a work on ,freemasonic medals has been published by ,dr4 ,,merzdorf1 superintendent of the ,grand ,ducal ,library of ,oldenburg3 with plates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german ,universities are well off for teachers4 ,in the twenty-seven institutions of the kind at the last summer term1 there were engaged #aehf teachers1 viz43 #haf ordinary1 #ccj extraordinary1 and #cg honorary professors1 with #djc private tutors1 exclusive of #acd masters of languages1 gymnastics1 fencing and dancing4 ,muenster has the fewest teachers1 numbering only #ah1 ,olmuetz #bb1 ,innsbruck1 #bf1 ,gratz #bb1 ,berne and ,basle each #cc1 ,rostock1 #ch2 on the other hand ,berlin has #afg1 ,munich #ajb1 ,leipzic and ,goettingen each #ajj1 ,prague #ib1 ,bonn #ij1 ,breslau #hd1 ,heidelberg #ha1 ,tuebingen #gg1 ,halle #ge1 ,jena #gd4 ,the whole number of students in the last term was #af1jgd2 ,berlin counting #baii1 ,munich #ahag1 ,prague #abjd1 ,bonn #ajbf1 ,leipzic #hdf1 ,breslau #hca1 ,tuebingen #gfh1 ,goettingen #fia1 ,wuerzburg #fhd1 ,halle #fdf1 ,heidelberg #fbd1 ,gratz #faa1 ,jena #dcd1 ,giessen #dji1 ,freiburg #djc1 ,erlangen #djb1 ,olmuetz #cif1 ,koenigsberg #ccb1 ,muenster #cbc1 ,marburg #bgb1 ,innsbruck #beg1 ,greifswald #bjh1 ,zuerich #bja1 ,berne #ahd1 ,rostock #abb1 ,kiel #aai1 ,basel #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the last poetical issues of the ,german press we notice ,poetis che ,schriften1 by ,a4 ,,hensel 7,vienna1 #b vols471 are exaggerated1 almost insane expression of ,austrian loyalty running through sonnets1 lyrics1 ballads and romances2 ,friedrichsehre 7,honor to ,frederick71 by an anonymous author 7,posen71 a new wreath for the weather-beaten old brows of ,frederick the ,great2 ,erwachen 7,waking71 seven poems by ,hugo le ,juge 7,berlin71 a book with talent in it2 ,lebensfruehling1 by ,paul ,eslin 7,liepsic71 the second edition of a collection of neat and pleasing poems for children4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,russian government has published some book-making statistics of ,poland in #ahej4 ,in the course of the year1 #cei manuscript works were submitted to the censorship1 being #ai more than in #ahdi4 ,almost all were scientific1 the greater part treating of theology1 jurisprudence1 and medicine2 #cbg were licensed to be printed1 #d rejected1 and #ae returned to their authors for modification2 upon #ac no decision has been given4 ,in #ahej1 there were imported into the kingdom #ae1ihf works1 in #eh1ada volumes2 this was #gdi works less1 and #a1jbg volumes more than in #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new work on ,russia is appearing at ,paris with the title of ,etudes sur les ,forces ,productives de la ,russie4 ,its author is ,mr4 ,l4 ,,de ,,tegoborski1 a ,russian privy councillor4 ,the first volume1 a stout octavo1 has been issued4 ,it treats of the geographical situation and extent of ,russia1 the climate1 fertility and configuration of the soil2 population2 productions of the earth and their gross value2 vegetable1 animal and mineral productions2 agriculture2 raising of domestic animals4 ,the whole work will consist of three volumes2 the second is in press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,notices in the later numbers of the ,europa1 of ,,karl ,,quentin in ,america1 and ,the ,art ,journal1 are not without interest4 ,the ,grenzboten also contains interesting articles on ,,thomas ,,moore1 and ,,oersted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,ritter's great work1 the ,history of ,philosophy1 of which only earlier volumes have appeared in ,english1 a tenth volume is shortly to be published4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new and compendious history of philosophy has been published at ,leipzic in two octavo volumes1 called ,das ,buch der ,weltweisheit4 ,it gives in the most succinct form a statement of the doctrines of the leading philosophical thinkers of all times1 and is designed for the cultivated among the ,german people4 ,men of other nations are however not forbidden to derive from it what advantage they can4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,de ,,flotte1 whose election to the ,french ,assembly made such a stir a year since1 has lately published a thick volume entitled ,de la ,souverainete du ,peuple4 ,it is a series of essays in which he discusses with great penetration and remarkable power of abstract thought1 the spirit1 ends1 and present results of the great general revolution1 of which all the special revolutions that have hitherto occurred1 are merely incidents and phases4 ,de ,flotte considers that humanity is advancing toward liberty absolute and universal1 in politics1 religion1 industry1 and every department of life4 ,one thing1 he says1 has ever astonished me2 this is that some men presume to accuse the revolution of denying tradition1 because they think only of one age1 or of one dynasty1 while we think of all sovereigns and of all ages2 they oppose1 with a curious good faith1 the history of a single epoch or a single party1 to the history of all epochs and of all men4 ,strange ignorance and singular forgetfulness6 ,why do they fail to do in space1 what they do in time1 in geography what they do in history8 ,why do they not deny the existence of negroes and of the ,chinese because none of them come to ,france8 ,the reason is that life in space strikes the bodily eye1 while life in time strikes the eye of the mind1 and theirs is blinded6 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,france1 #gh1jjj francs have been voted by the ,national ,assembly for excavations at ,nineveh4 ,mr4 ,,layard1 without further means for the prosecution of his researches there1 is in ,england1 and we are sorry to learn1 in ill health4 ,his new book1 ,fresh ,discoveries in ,nineveh1 will soon be published by ,mr4 ,putnam4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,,weissenborn has printed in ,stuttgart1 ,nineveh and its ,territory1 in respect to the latest excavations in the valley of the ,tigris4 ,some specimens of the exhumed sculptures of ,nineveh have been sent to ,new-,york by ,rev4 ,d4 ,w4 ,marsh1 of the ,american mission at ,mosul4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a second series of ,,eugene ,,sue's ,mysteres du ,peuple is announced as about to commence at ,paris4 ,this is an attempt to set forth the history of the ,french people1 or working classes1 the form of a modern story being merely a frame in which to set the author's pictures of former times4 ,the first series completes the history of the early ,gauls and of ,roman domination2 the second will treat of feudalism and of the introduction of modern social castes and distinctions4 ,sue has published a preamble in the form of an address to his readers1 in which he draws the outline of the subject he is about to treat1 and establishes his main historical positions by reference to a great variety of learned authorities4 ,the same author is now publishing in ,la ,presse a new novel called ,fernand ,duplessis1 or ,memoirs of a ,husband4 ,we have seen some eight or ten numbers of it2 so far it is comparatively free from the clap-trap romance machinery in which ,french writers in general1 and ,sue in particular1 are apt to indulge1 while it is otherwise less unobjectionable than the mass of his stories4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the historian ,,michelet has published a new part of his ,revolution ,francaise4 ,it is devoted to the ,girondists4 ,the conclusions of the author are that these unfortunate politicians of a terrible epoch were personally innocent1 that they never thought of dismembering ,france1 and had no understanding with the enemy1 but that the policy they pursued in the early part of '#ic1 was blind and impotent1 and if followed out could only have resulted in the destruction of the republic1 and the triumph of the royalists4 ,the whole is treated in the ,micheletian manner1 in distinct chapters1 each elucidating some mind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a work ,on the ,fabrication of ,porcelain in ,china1 with its ,history from ,antiquity to the present ,day1 that is to say1 from #ehc to #ahba1 has just been translated from ,chinese into ,french by ,,stanislas ,,julien1 and published at ,paris4 ,it puts the ,european manufacturer perfectly in possession of the secrets of ,chinese workmen1 their methods1 and the substances they employ4 ,m4 ,julien has previously translated a ,chinese essay on education of silkworms1 and the culture of the mulberry4 ,he is one of the most learned sinologues in ,europe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,french archaeeologist1 ,m4 ,,felix ,,de ,,verneilh1 has published an elaborate essay on the ,cologne ,cathedral1 in which he denies to ,germany the credit of inventing the purest model of the pointed arch1 and demonstrates that this ,cathedral was not planned at the beginning of the most brilliant period of ,christian art1 but was the climax thereof1 and that instead of having served as the archetype in construction of other edifices1 it shows the influence of them1 and especially of the ,cathedral of ,amiens4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an interesting and instructive little work has been published at ,paris on the ,workingmen's ,associations of that city and country4 ,it is by ,m4 ,,andre ,,cochut1 one of the editors of ,le ,national4 ,it gives the history of each of the more important of these establishments1 with their mode of organization1 number of members1 and pecuniary and social results4 ,the title is ,les ,associations ,ouvrieres2 ,histoire et ,theorie des ,centatives de ,reorganisation ,industrielle depuis la ,revolution de #ahdh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a complete edition of the works of ,,george ,,sand is now publishing at ,paris1 in parts1 with illustrations by ,tony ,johannot4 ,it is to be elegant1 yet cheap1 the whole only costing about #e4 ,there will be some six hundred illustrations4 ,the first part contains ,la ,mare au ,diable and ,andre1 with a new preface to the former1 in which the author contradicts the notion that it was intended by her as the beginning of a new order of literature1 or was attempted as a new style of writing4 ,other authors are to follow in the same manner4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the new volume of ,,thier's ,history of the ,consulate and the ,empire is regarded as the most able and most interesting of the series4 ,there is to be one other volume4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,alexander ,,dumas has written the following letter to the ,presse3 ,sir1--,i understand that a publisher who at second hand is the owner of a book of mine called ,the ,history of ,louis ,philippe1 intends to issue the work under the title of ,mysteries of a ,royal ,family4 ,i have written the history of ,louis ,philippe1 just as ,i have written the histories of ,louis ,,xiv41 and ,louis ,,xv41 and ,louis ,,xvi41 the history of the revolution1 and the history of the empire4 ,i have sold this series of historical works to a single publisher1 ,m4 ,dufour4 ,i never had the intention to provoke the scandal indicated by the title with which ,i am threatened in substitution for the one that ,i had given to the work4 ,in the life of ,louis ,philippe and the royal family there is nothing mysterious4 ,a fatal obstinacy in a course leading to an abyss3 there's for the king4 ,for the queen there is goodness1 self-sacrifice1 charity1 religion1 virtue4 ,for the deceased royal prince and his living brothers1 there is courage1 loyalty1 gallantry1 intelligence1 patriotism4 ,you see in all this there is nothing mysterious4 ,if he persists in giving to my book a title which ,i regard as infamous1 the courts of justice shall decide between me and the publisher4 ,may ,god keep me from invoking aught but historical truth with regard to a man who touched my hand when a king1 and my heart1 when an exile4 ,,alex4 ,,dumas4 ,conduct of this sort--the changing of titles1 in violation of the wishes of authors1 or any change in a book1 by a publisher--is atrocious crime1 for the punishment of which a revival of the whipping-post would not be inappropriate4 ,there have been many such cases in this country1 and to some of them we may hereafter call particular attention4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of the most truly successful of the younger living ,french writers is ,,alfred ,,de ,,musset4 ,his works are principally poetic and dramatic4 ,he originated a style of pieces called ,caprices1 which have become exceedingly popular not only from their own point and spirit1 but from the incomparable manner in which they are rendered on the stage of the ,theatre ,francais4 ,m4 de ,musset's reputation has been achieved since the revolution of ,july4 ,the last number of the ,grenzboten devotes a long leading article to the discussion of his works and his position in the world of letters4 ,we translate the following paragraph3 ,we find in him an elegance of language1 a truth of views1 even though they be true only for him individually1 a sensibility to all the problems of the soul and heart1 and a freedom from the usual ,french prejudices1 which lay a strong claim to our attention4 ,he never falls into that shallow pathos with which ,victor ,hugo in his 'greatest moments' sometimes covers an intolerable triviality2 phrases never run away with him as they do so often with the king of the romanticists1 whose profoundest monologues not seldom turn out to be empty jingle4 ,in clearness1 delicacy and grace1 he can be compared1 among the modern romanticists1 with only ,prosper ,merimee and ,charles de ,bernard4 ,they also resemble him in the fear of being led away by general modes of expression and reflection4 ,they strive only for individual truth2 but he differs from them in the breadth and multiformity of his perspectives1 and in a singular power of assimilation which is based on extensive reading4 ,in fact1 the combinations of his wit and fancy often go so into the distant and boundless1 that we think we are reading a ,german author4 ,the critic then compares ,de ,musset with ,byron2 the latter is more original and spontaneous1 the former richer and more comprehensive4 ,the questions ,byron discusses have forced themselves upon him2 those of ,de ,musset are of his own invention4 ,for the rest he has been greatly influenced by ,heine and ,hoffmann1 as well as by the ,faust of ,goethe4 ,the more important of his works are3 ,contes d',espagne et d',italie 7#ahcj72 ,un ,spectacle dans un ,fauteuil 7#ahcc72 ,poesies ,nouvelles 7#ahce-dj72 the same 7#ahdj-di72 ,les ,comedies ,injouables1 a collection of small dramatic pieces 7#ahch72 ,louis1 ou il faut qu'une porte soit ouverte ou fermee1 ,les deux ,martiesses1 ,emmeline1 ,le ,seuet de ,javatte1 ,le ,fils de ,titien1 ,les ,adventures de ,laagon1 ,la ,confession d'un ,enfant du ,siecle2 romances published between #ahcj-dj4 ,de ,musset is still a young man4 ,a good deal has been said at sundry times about his admission to the ,french ,academy1 but the vacancies have been filled without him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,london ,leader announces an abridged translation of ,,auguste ,,comte',s six volumes of ,positive ,philosophy1 to appear as soon as is compatible with the exigencies of so important an undertaking4 ,the ,leader says3 a very competent mind has long been engaged upon the task2 and the growing desire in the public to hear more about this ,bacon of the nineteenth century1 renders such a publication necessary4 ,but we do not believe in the competence of any one who proposes an abridgment of ,comte3 the idea is absurd4 ,in this country1 we believe1 two full translations of the great ,frenchman are in progress--one by ,professor ,gillespie1 of which the ,harpers have published the first volume1 and another by one of the wisest and profoundest scholars of the time--a personal friend of ,comte1 thoroughly familiar with his system1 and master of a style admirably suited for philosophical discussion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,jules ,,janin has published a new romance called ,gaite ,champetre4 ,the preface has reached us in the feuilleton of the ,journal des ,debats4 ,it is in the usual elaborate1 learned1 and fanciful1 but most readable style of the author4 ,he defends his calling as a mere man of letters1 a student of form and style1 in short an artist4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mentioned not long ago 7,international1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bad17 the pleasant letters of ,,ferdinand ,,hiller to a ,german ,gazette1 respecting his experiences among authors and artists in ,paris4 ,we see that ,herr ,hiller has been engaged by ,mr4 ,lumley as musical director to ,her ,majesty's ,theatre in ,london and the ,italian ,opera in ,paris4 ,he has filled the appointments of director to the ,conservatoire and ,maitre de ,chapelle1 at ,cologne1 for some considerable time4 ,his post at the ,conservatoire is to be occupied by ,m4 ,liszt4 ,he will be an important accession to society as well as to the theatres in those cities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,r4 ,g4 ,,latham1 whose important works on ,the ,varieties of ,man1 ,the ,english ,language1 the ,ethnology of the ,british ,empire1 c41 are familiar to scholars1 and have proved their author the most profound and sagacious writer1 in a wide and difficult field of science1 now living1 has in press an edition of the ,germania of ,tacitus1 in which his philological acquisitions and his skill in conjectural history will have ample room for display4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,james ,t4 ,,fields was a passenger in the steamer ,pacific1 which left ,new-,york on the #aath ult4 for ,liverpool4 ,mr4 ,fields will pass the coming winter in ,france and ,italy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we hear of four new histories of the war with ,mexico1 one of which will be in three large volumes1 by an accomplished officer who served under ,general ,scott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,horace ,,mann is engaged on a work illustrating his ideas of the character1 condition1 and proper sphere of woman4 ,he does not quite agree with ,abby ,kelly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the old charge that ,garth did not write his own ,dispensary1 has been revived with exquisite absurdity in the case of ,general ,morris and the song of ,woodman1 ,spare that ,tree6 ,we have not seen the original accusation which appeared in an obscure sheet in ,boston1 but we give place with pleasure to the letter of the poet4 ,we can imagine nothing less apt and of great credit1 as ,iago defines the requisites of a judicious calumny1 than this figment4 ,the characteristics of ,morris's style are exceedingly marked1 and are altogether different from those of ,woodworth1 who was an excellent songwriter and a most worthy man1 but was as little like ,morris in his literary manner as two men can be who write in the same age and country4 ,there are among our living poets few fairer and purer literary reputations than that of ,general ,morris2 few that1 in a covetous mood1 one would be more disposed to envy4 ,it lives not in the tumult of reckless criticism and the noisy dogmatism of friendly reviews1 but in the sympathy and enjoyment of thousands of refined and feeling hearts4 ,his calm1 delicate1 and simple genius has won its way quietly to an apprecient admiration that no assaults can disturb1 and it may now look down upon most of its contemporaries without jealousy and without fear4 ,it will shine in its clear brightness when many clamorous notorieties of the day are quenched in night and silence4 ,the charge of the ,boston editor is a mere buffoonery4 ,he could not expect that so ridiculous a fabrication would be believed by any body4 ,it is a device of common-place1 stupid malice1 designed only to annoy a very amiable man4 ,had we been of counsel with the poet we should have advised him to take no notice of the foolish slander2 but as he has seen fit to write a very interesting note on the subject1 we are happy to preserve it here4 ,the gentleman to whom the note is addressed gives the following account of the circumstances3 ,some two or three months ago1 the editor of the ,boston ,sunday ,news1 took ,general ,morris's literary character to task1 and charged him with having obtained the famous song of ',woodman ,spare that ,tree1' from the late ,samuel ,woodworth4 ,in a word1 he charged that the ,general was not the author of a celebrated poem1 which has long been before the world in his name4 ,as the editor in question was a friend of mine1 and as ,i knew that he had done ,general ,morris great injustice1 ,i wrote him a long letter1 in which ,i attempted to set him right1 and thus induce him if possible to render unto ,caesar the things that are ,caesar's4 ,in other words1 ,i hoped he would correct his misstatements4 ,instead of complying with my expressed hope1 he thanked me for my letter--very kindly published it2 but1 in the very same paper1 repeated his original charge4 ,in common justice to ,general ,morris1 ,i beg leave to remark1 in closing this note1 that ,i have known him intimately and well the last thirty years1 and that ,i never knew a poet or author in any department of literature who was more strictly original4 ,he is incapable of the petty conduct attributed to him1 and would scorn to wear honors that belong to another4 ,a more honorable1 high-minded gentleman never lived4 ,,home ,,journal ,,office1 ,,new-,,york1 ,september #bb1 #ahea4 ,,to ,,john ,,smith1 ,,jr41 ,,of ,,arkansas3 ,my ,dear ,sir3--,i thank you sincerely for your kind defence of me against the unfounded aspersions of an editor of a ,boston paper4 ,your course was precisely what was to be expected from a just man1 and a contemporary who has known me from my boyhood4 ,the editor alluded to1 charges me with a crime that ,i abhor4 ,it is substantially as follows3 ,that the ballad of ',woodman1 spare that tree1' was not written by me1 but by the late ,samuel ,woodworth1 who1 while in a state intoxication1 sold it to me1 in a public bar-room1 for a paltry sum4 ,a more infamous charge was never made1 and the whole story1 from beginning to end1 without any qualification whatever1 is an unmitigated falsehood4 ,the history of the song in question is simply this3 ,in the autumn of #ahcg1 ,russell1 the vocalist1 applied to me for an original ballad1 and ,i wrote him ,woodman1 spare that tree1 and handed it to him with a letter which he afterwards read at his concerts1 and published in the newspapers of the day4 ,it also accompanied the first edition of the music4 ,mr4 ,woodworth never saw or heard of the song until after it appeared in print4 ,i am not indebted to any human being1 dead or alive1 for a single word1 thought1 or suggestion1 embodied in that song4 ,it is entirely original and entirely my composition1 and this is also true of all the productions ,i have ever claimed to be the author of1 with the exception of the play of ,brier ,cliff1 which is founded upon a novel by ,mrs4 ,thayer1 and the opera of the ,maid of ,saxony1 dramatized from a story by ,miss ,edgeworth4 ,in both instances ,i duly acknowledged my indebtedness to the authors from whom ,i derived my materials for those pieces4 ,the attack upon ,mr4 ,woodworth is also shameful in the extreme1 and is in keeping with the whole affair4 ,a more pure and honorable man never drew the breath of life1 and it is due to his memory to say that he was not less remarkable for his habits of temperance1 than for his many excellent qualities of head and heart4 ,i do not think that he was ever intoxicated in the whole course of his life1 and he was too upright a man to lend himself to such a bare-faced imposition as ,i am charged with practising through his agency4 ,if he were alive to answer for himself1 he would spurn1 as ,i do1 these malicious fabrications4 ,the whole of the charges made against me are untrue in every particular1 and what motive any one can have for circulating such vile slanders in private life1 or for proclaiming them from the house-tops of the press1 baffles my ingenuity to determine4 ,those who know me will doubtless consider this vindication of myself entirely unnecessary4 ,if ,i were to follow my own inclinations ,i should not notice the scandalous libel2 but1 as you justly remarked1 a slander well hoed grows like the devil1 and as my silence might possibly be misunderstood1 ,i deem it a duty ,i owe myself to contradict the infamous and malicious aspersions of the ,boston editor1 and to declare1 in the language of ,sheridan1 that there is not one word of truth in all that gentleman has uttered4 ,in conclusion1 ,i would say1 that my defamer has either been imposed upon1 or that he is one of those lawless bravos of our profession who really imagine1 because they are permitted to print they are privileged to insult4 ,again1 thanking you for your courtesy and kind interposition in my behalf1 ,i remain1 my dear sir1 yours very cordially4 ,,george ,p4 ,,morris4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,professor ,,torrey1 of ,vermont ,university1 has published the fourth volume of his translation of ,neander's ,history of the ,christian ,religion--a work which must have rank with the great historical compositions of ,niebuhr and ,grote1 which have or will have superseded all modern histories of the two chief empires of antiquity4 ,the volumes of ,professor ,torrey's very able translation of ,neander's ,history are regularly republished in rival editions in ,england1 and so he loses half the reward to which his service is entitled4 ,puthes1 of ,hamburg1 advertises the eleventh part 7making half of another volume71 which ,neander left in ,,ms4 ,this will1 of course1 be reproduced by ,professor ,torrey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,another translation of the ,divine ,comedy has been made in ,england4 ,it is by a ,mr4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,cayley1 and is in the original ternary rhyme4 ,from a hasty examination of it we incline to prefer it to ,wright's or ,carey's2 but we have seen no version of ,,dante that in all respects satisfies us so well as that of ,dr4 ,,thomas ,w4 ,,parsons1 of ,boston1 of which some ten cantos were published a few years ago1 and of which the remainder is understood to be completed for the press4 ,speaking of ,dante1 reminds us of the fact that ,mr4 ,richard ,henry ,wilde's elaborate memoir of the great ,italian has not yet been printed4 ,mr4 ,wilde wrote to us not long before his death that he had been occupying himself in leisure hours with the revision of some of its chapters1 and we have no doubt that the work is completed4 ,if so1 for the honor of the lamented author1 and for the honor of ,american criticism1 it should be given to the public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from a forthcoming volume by ,,alice ,,carey1 ,recollections of ,our ,neighborhood in the ,west1 7to be published early in ,december by ,j4 ,s4 ,redfield17 we copy a specimen chapter1 under the title of ,the ,old ,man's ,death1 into another part of this magazine4 ,it has no particular excellence to distinguish it from the rest of the work2 indeed it is rather below than above the average of ,miss ,carey's recent compositions2 but we may safely challenge to it the scrutiny of critics capable of appreciating the finest capacities for the illustration of pastoral life4 ,if we look at the entire catalogue of female writers of prose fiction in this country we shall find no one who approaches ,alice ,carey in the best characteristics of genius4 ,like all genuine authors she has peculiarities2 her hand is detected as unerringly as that of ,poe or ,hawthorne2 as much as they she is apart from others and above others2 and her sketches of country life must1 we think1 be admitted to be superior even to those delightful tales of ,miss ,mitford1 which1 in a similar line1 are generally acknowledged to be equal to any thing done in ,england4 ,it is the fault of our literary women that they are commonly careless and superficial1 and that in stories1 when they attempt this sort of writing1 they are for the most part but feeble copyists1 without individuality1 and without naturalness4 ,we can point to very few exceptions to this rule1 but among such exceptions ,alice ,carey is eminent4 ,the book which is announced by ,mr4 ,redfield is without the tinsel1 or sickly sentiment1 or impudent smartness1 which distinguish some contemporary publications by women1 but it will establish for her an enviable reputation as an original and most graphic delineator of at least one class in ,american society--the middle class1 in the rural neighborhoods1 with whom rest1 in our own as in other countries1 the real distinctions of national character1 and the best elements of national greatness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,henry ,,ingalls1 a writer of considerable abilities1 displayed chiefly in anonymous compositions on questions in law1 writes to a friend in ,new-,york from ,paris1 that he has devoted two years to the investigation of pretended miracles in modern ,europe2 that the number of alleged miracles in the ,roman ,catholic church of which he has exact historical materials1 is over one thousand2 that the analyses of these will be amply suggestive of the character of the rest2 and that his work on the subject1 to make three or four large and closely printed volumes1 will conclusively show complicity on the part of the highest authorities of the church1 in the frauds that are now most notorious and most generally acknowledged4 ,mr4 ,ingalls is of opinion that his work will be eminently curious in literary1 philosophical1 and religious points of view1 and that it cannot fail of usefulness1 especially in illustrating the silly credulity which has obtained in such poor juggleries as have lately been practiced by the ,smiths1 ,davises1 ,fishes1 ,harrises1 and other imposters and mountebanks of this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the new works in press by the ,appletons is a new novel entitled ,adrian1 or the ,clouds of the ,mind--the joint production of ,mr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james and ,mr4 ,,maunsell ,b4 ,,field4 ,such partnerships in literature were common in the days of ,elizabeth1 and in our own country we have instances in the production of ,yamoyden1 by ,sands and ,eastburn1 c4 ,mr4 ,field is not yet a veteran1 but he is a writer of fine talents and much cultivation4 ,among the original papers in the present number of the ,international is a poem from his hand1 under the title of ,greenwood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the first volume of a ,history of the ,german ,reformed ,church1 by the late ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,lewis ,,mayer1 has been published in ,philadelphia2 and ,professor ,,schaff1 of ,mercersburg1 has printed in ,german the first volume of a ,history of the ,christian ,church1 from its ,establishment to the ,present ,time4 ,dr4 ,,murdock1 the well-known translator of ,mosheim's ,history1 has published a translation of the celebrated ,syriac version of the ,new ,testament1 called the ,peshito4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,professor ,,hackett1 of the ,newton ,theological ,institution1 has added to his claims of distinction in sacred learning by a very able ,commentary on the ,acts of the ,apostles1 7published by ,john ,p4 ,jewett ,co41 of ,boston74 ,it is much praised by the best critics4 ,the last ,bibliotheca ,sacra complains that there is a decline of activity in this department1 and that in theology and biblical criticism no important works are now in progress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,melville's new novel1 ,the ,whale1 will be published in a few days1 simultaneously1 by the ,harpers and by ,bentley of ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,henry ,,william ,,herbert1 with the general character of whose works our readers must be familiar1 will publish immediately 7through ,charles ,scribner71 ,the ,captains of the ,old ,world1 from the ,persian to the ,punic ,wars4 ,the volume embraces critical sketches of ,miltiades1 ,themistocles1 ,pausanias1 ,xenophon1 ,epaminondas1 ,alexander1 and ,hannibal1 as compared with modern generals--not lives but strategetical accounts of their campaigns1 reviewed and described according to the rules and views of modern military science--the armature and mode of fighting in all the various nations--the fields of battle1 from personal observation or the best modern travels--with the modern names of ancient places1 so that the routes of the armies can be followed on any ordinary map4 ,the causes of the success or failure of this or that action are shown in a military point of view1 and the characters of the men are epigrammatically contrasted with those of the men of the late ,french and ,english wars1 involving incidental notices and critiques of modern fields4 ,the work is of course spirited and well proportioned1 and as ,mr4 ,herbert is confessedly one of the best critics of ancient manners and history1 it will scarcely need any reviewer's endorsement to insure for it an immediate and very great popularity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new edition of ,st4 ,leger1 or the ,threads of ,life1 by ,mr4 ,,kimball1 has just been published by ,putnam1 who1 we understand1 has now in press a sequel to that remarkable and eminently successful novel4 ,mr4 ,kimball's abilities as a writer of tales are not as well illustrated in this performance as in several shorter stories1 which will soon be collected and reissued with fit designs by ,darley4 ,in these we think he has exhibited a very unusual degree of pathos and dramatic skill1 so that scarcely any compositions of their class in ,american literature have such a power upon the feelings or are likely to have a more permanent fame4 ,mr4 ,kimball is one of the small number among our young writers who do not disdain elaborately to finish what they choose to submit for public criticism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a new edition of ,mr4 ,,judd's remarkable novel of ,margaret has just been published1 in two volumes1 by ,phillips ,sampson1 of ,boston1 and the same house has nearly ready ,memoirs of ,sarah ,margaret ,fuller1 in two volumes1 edited by ,william ,h4 ,channing and ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson4 ,it will probably embrace a large selection of her inedited writings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,tefft1 of ,cincinnati1 has published 7,john ,ball1 ,philadelphia and ,new-,orleans17 a very interesting and judicious work under the title of ,hungary and ,kossuth1 or an ,american ,exposition of the ,hungarian ,revolution4 ,dr4 ,tefft appears to have studied the subject well and to have made as much of it as was warranted by his materials4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,greeley has just published in a handsome volume 7,de ,witt ,davenport7 his ,glances at ,europe1 consisting of the letters written for the ,tribune during his half year abroad4 ,we frequently entirely disagree with the author in matters of social philosophy1 but we have the most perfect confidence in the honesty of his searching after truth1 and in these letters1 which were written under very apparent disadvantages1 and are here put forward modestly1 we are inclined to believe there is for the mass of readers more that is new in fact and sensible in observation than is contained in any other volume by an ,american on ,europe4 ,even when writing of art1 ,mr4 ,greeley never fails at least to entertain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,john ,l4 ,,wheeler1 late the treasurer of the state of ,north ,carolina1 has in the press of ,lippencott1 ,grambo1 ,co41 of ,philadelphia1 ,historical ,sketches of that ,state1 from #aehd to #ahea1 from original records1 official documents1 and traditional statements4 ,it will be in two large octavo volumes4 ,dr4 ,hawks has for some time had in preparation a work on the same subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of those wrongs for which there is no sufficient remedy in law1 has been perpetrated by ,derby1 ,miller ,co41 of ,auburn1 in getting up a life of ,dr4 ,judson1 to anticipate that by the widow of the great missionary and deprive her of the best part of the profits to which she is entitled4 ,their excuse is1 ,a public character is public property1 and we will do with one as we please4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,conant1 7wife of the learned ,professor ,conant of the university of ,rochester71 has published 7through ,lewis ,colby7 ,the ,epistle of ,st4 ,paul to the ,philippians1 practically ,explained by ,dr4 ,,augustus ,,neander4 ,mrs4 ,conant1 as we have before had occasion to observe1 is one of the most able and accomplished women of this country1 and this version of ,neander is worthy of her4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a small volume entitled ,musings and ,mutterings by an ,invalid1 has been published by ,john ,s4 ,taylor4 ,the style is rather careless1 sometimes1 but the work appears to be informed with a genuine earnestness1 and to be underlaid with a vein of good sense that contrasts strongly with much of the desultory literature brought out in similar forms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,,lardner's ,handbooks of ,natural ,philosophy and ,astronomy have been republished by ,blanchard ,lea1 of ,philadelphia 7#abmo41 pp4 #gdi72 carefully revised2 various errors which had escaped the attention of the author corrected2 occasional omissions supplied2 and a series of questions and practical examples appended to each subject4 ,the volume contains treatises on mechanics2 hydrostatics1 hydraulics1 pneumatics1 and sound1 and optics4 ,the ,fine ,arts4 ,the ,london ,art ,journal for ,october praises ,mr4 ,,burt's engraving of ,anne ,page1 issued this year by the ,american ,art-,union1 and thus refers to the principal engravings announced for #aheb3 ,the prospectus of this society for the present year announces a large engraving by ,jones1 from ,woodville's picture of ,american ,news2 a small etching of this work accompanies the ,bulletin1 to which reference has just been made4 ,the composition is clever1 but we must warn our friends on the other side of the ,atlantic1 that it is not by the circulation of such works as this1 a feeling for true ,art will be generated among their countrymen4 ,the subject is common-place1 without a shadow of refinement to elevate its character2 it is1 we dare say1 national1 and may1 therefore1 be popular2 but they to whom is intrusted the direction of a vast machine like the ,american ,art-,union1 should take especial care that all its operations should tend to refine the taste and advance the intelligence of the community4 ,our own ,mulready1 ,wilkie1 and ,webster1 have1 we know1 immortalized their names by a somewhat analogous class of works1 in which1 nevertheless1 we see humor without vulgarity1 and truth without affectation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,philadelphia ,art-,union issues this year two very beautiful engravings from the well-known masterpieces of ,huntington1 ,mercy's ,dream and ,christiana and her ,children1 from the celebrated collection of the late ,edward ,c4 ,carey1--an appreciating patron by whose well-directed liberality the arts1 especially painting and engraving1 had more advantage than has been conferred by any other individual in this country4 ,mercy's ,dream has been engraved by ,a4 ,h4 ,ritchie of this city1 and ,christiana and her ,children by ,andrews ,wagstaff of ,boston1 each on surfaces of sixteen by twenty-two inches2 and we know of no more perfect examples of combined mezzotint1 stipple1 and line engraving4 ,the management may well be praised for such an exercise of judgment as secures to the subscribers of the ,art-,union two such beautiful works4 ,a recent visit to ,philadelphia afforded us an opportunity to visit its public galleries4 ,among the additions lately made to that of the ,art-,union is one of the finest compositions of ,mr4 ,cropsey1 in which the characteristics of the scenery of ,italy are combined with remarkable effect4 ,from a bold and vigorously executed foreground1 marked by chesnut and cypress tress1 the eye is attracted by groves and streams1 and convents and palaces1 and ruined temples and aqueducts1 reposing under such a sky as bends over that land alone1 away to shining and sleeping waters that seem to reach close to the gates of paradise4 ,the ,coast of ,greece1 by ,paul ,weber of ,philadelphia1 is in the grand and imposing style of ,achenbach4 ,there is a breadth and massiveness and solemn grandeur in this picture which clearly indicate that the artist1 who has hitherto given his attention altogether to landscapes1 has in such efforts his true vocation4 ,hagar and ,ishmael in the ,desert1 by ,a4 ,woodside1 is a cabinet picture which would be regarded as good beside any of the many great productions which illustrate the same subject4 ,in color and composition it is excellent4 ,mr4 ,woodside is the painter of a large and attractive picture1 ,the ,introduction of ,christianity into ,britain1 which was among the prizes of the last distribution of the ,american ,art-,union4 ,lager ,beer1 by ,c4 ,schnessele1 is a genre picture1 illustrative of ,german character in ,philadelphia at the present day4 ,the scene is an interior of a large beer saloon1 by gaslight1 in which a dozen or fifteen persons with brimming cups are gathered round a table where a trio are singing songs of the fatherland4 ,the drawing1 grouping1 light and shade1 are highly effective4 ,mr4 ,schnessele is a ,frenchman1 a pupil of ,delaroche1 and has been in the ,united ,states about three years4 ,his works exhibit that skill in detail and general execution which is a result of a cultivation very rare among ,american painters4 ,waiting the ,ferry1 by ,w4 ,t4 ,van ,starkenburgh1 is a landscape with cattle and human figures1 with some of the best qualities conspicuous in ,backhuysen's works of a similar character4 ,cattskill ,creek1 by ,g4 ,n4 ,t4 ,van ,starkenburgh1--a brother of the last mentioned painter1--is full of the beauty of that condition of nature which soothes the restless spirit of man1 when ,she glides ,into his darker musings1 with a mild ,and healing sympathy1 that steals away ,their sharpness1 ere he is aware4 ,mr4 ,winner has some vigorous heads of old men1 and other artists whom our limits will not suffer us to mention particularly are represented by various creditable works4 ,as the plan of the ,philadelphia ,art-,union is essentially different from that of any other in this country1 we quote from a circular in its last ,reporter an explanatory paragraph3 ,the distinguishing and most important feature in our plan1 is that which gives the annual prize-holders the right of selecting their prizes from among the productions of ,american ,art in any part of the ,united ,states4 ,this plan was adopted as the one which would best secure the object for which we have been incorporated1 viz41 ,the ,promotion of the ,arts of ,design in the ,united ,states4 ,it is evident that the distribution of fifty prize certificates among our members1 as was the case at our last annual distribution1 with which the prize-holders themselves could purchase their own pictures any where in the ,united ,states1 is preferable to any plan which empowers a committee1 composed of a limited number of managers1 with the entire right to control the funds involved in the purchase1 and make the selection of such a number of pictures4 ,in the one case1 individual taste1 and local predilection for some particular style of art1 or certain class of artists1 may influence the decision of a mere picture-buying committee in the selection and purchase of the whole number of the prizes2 but in the other case1 the various taste of a large number of prize-holders1 residing in different sections of our vast country1 is made to bear upon ,art1 and1 consequently1 there must ensue a diffusion of knowledge upon a subject wherein those persons themselves are the interested parties4 ,should a subscriber to the ,art-,union of ,philadelphia1 residing in ,st4 ,louis1 be allotted a prize certificate of one hundred dollars1 he has the option to order or select his picture in that city1 and thereby encourage the ,fine ,arts at home1 just the same as if that ,art-,union were located where he lived1 and with just as much advantage to the artist as though it were the result of that progress in art1 in his vicinity1 which should cause the production of such a picture4 ,and there can be no doubt of the judicious selection on the part of such a subscriber4 ,no man with a hundred dollars to spend for a picture1 would be likely to make such a purchase without having some knowledge on the subject himself1 or without consulting persons of acknowledged taste in the matter2 thereby insuring more general satisfaction to all concerned1 than would a picture of the same value awarded by chance from the selection of a committee located in another part of the country4 ,no committee1 no matter how great its judgment1 or how well performed its duties1 could effect a more satisfactory arrangement2 for in our case the prize-holder and the artist are the contracting parties1 without the intervention of the ,art-,union1 or the payment of any commission on either side4 ,another argument in favor of the ,art-,union of ,philadelphia is the fact1 that by this plan the ,managers are merely the agents who collect the means which are necessary to promote and foster the ,arts of ,design in our rapidly progressing country1 while the prize-holders themselves actually become the persons who make the disbursements4 ,thus giving to the people at large the means to exercise a public and universal taste in the expenditure of a large sum--the aggregate of small contributions--large as the liberality of our countrymen1 by their generous subscription1 may assist us in accumulating4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,western-,art ,union of ,cincinnati has lately published a large and excellent engraving by ,booth1 of the ,trapper's ,last ,shot1 and for the coming year1 it will give in the same style1 ,the ,committee of ,congress ,drafting the ,declaration of ,independence1 from a painting by ,rothermel--,mr4 ,jefferson represented reading the ,declaration to the other members of the committee before it was reported to the ,congress4 ,for prizes of the next distribution the ,union will have a bust of ,washington1 and one of ,franklin1 in marble1 by ,powers1 and a beautiful medallion in relief by ,palmer1 and two pictures are engaged or purchased from ,whittridge1 two from ,rothermel1 two from ,mc,conkey1 one from ,read1 one from ,mrs4 ,spencer1 one from ,ranney1 and one from ,terry1 besides others from ,sontag1 ,duncanson1 ,eaton1 and ,griswold1 and other western painters4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,healy has finished his large picture of ,daniel ,webster replying to ,robert ,y4 ,hayne1 in the ,senate of the ,united ,states1 and it has been some time on exhibition at the rooms of the ,national ,academy of ,design4 ,the canvas is twenty-six feet in length by fifteen in breadth1 and embraces one hundred and thirty figures4 ,many persons not senators are introduced1 and it is difficult to conceive a reason for this1 in the cases of several of them1 who were not then1 if they were ever1 at ,washington4 ,the picture has good points1 but on the whole we believe it is admitted to be a failure--so far as the fit presentation of the illustrious orator is concerned1 a most complete and melancholy failure4 ,engravings of it however1 if well executed1 may perhaps compete with ,messrs4 ,anthony's immense piece of mezzotint1 studded with copies of ,daguerreotypes1 which has been published under the title of ,mr4 ,clay's last ,appearance in the ,senate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the illustrations of the life of ,,martin ,,luther published at ,hamburg1 from the pencil of ,,gustav ,k,oe,n,i,g1 of which the fourth series has just appeared1 continue to receive the praise which has been bestowed on the previous series4 ,the first1 which came out in #ahdg1 consisted of fifteen engravings1 the second in #ahdh of ten engravings1 the third in #ahdi of ten1 and the fourth1 which concludes the work1 has thirteen4 ,the accompanying letter-press is furnished by ,professor ,gelzer1 and though very elaborate1 is spoken of as only partially successful4 ,the illustrations on the other hand are said by competent judges to leave nothing to be desired1 and as far as the earlier series are concerned1 we can almost agree with even so unbalanced commendation4 ,mr4 ,koenig has every where taken care to give faithful portraits of the personages represented1 which adds to the value of his work1 for foreign readers especially4 ,at the same time his compositions are undeniably most spirited and effective4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the long expected work of ,,leutze1 ,washington ,crossing the ,delaware1 is now at the ,stuyvesant ,institute1 and it appears generally to have given the most perfect satisfaction to the critics2 to be regarded indeed as the best picture yet given to the world in illustration of ,american history4 ,our readers will remember that we have already given in the ,international a particular description of it1 from a ,german writer who saw it at ,duesseldorf3 so that it is unnecessary here to enter further into details on the subject4 ,we are pleased to learn that ,messrs4 ,goupil1 who own it1 intend to have this work engraved in line by ,girardet in the highest style1 and upon a plate of the largest size ever used4 ,the print will indeed cover a surface equal to that of the famous one of ,cardinal ,richelieu1 which some of our readers will not fail to remember4 ,noctes ,amicae4 ,the figure we cut in the ,crystal ,palace was for a long time a subject of sneers by amiable foreign critics1 and a cause of ingenuous shame by too sensitive young gentlemen in white gloves1 who went over from ,new-,york and ,boston to see society and the show4 ,we remember that ,mr4 ,greeley was said to be making himself appear excessively ridiculous by writing home that we should come out very well notwithstanding we had no ,kohinoor1 and but little to boast of in the way of fancy articles in general4 ,an excellent neighbor of ours down ,broadway1 who left ,london before the tide turned1 sent a letter to the ,evening ,post1 we believe1 of the regret felt by the respectable ,americans in ,europe that we had been so weak as to enter into this competition at all4 ,but see what the ,times has said of the matter since the first of ,october3 ,one point that strikes us forcibly on a survey of the last few months is1 the extraordinary contrast which the attractive and the useful features of the display present4 ,it will be remembered that the ,american department was at first regarded as the poorest and least interesting of all foreign countries4 ,of late it has justly assumed a position of the first importance1 as having brought to the aid of our distressed agriculturists a machine which1 if it realizes the anticipations of competent judges1 will amply remunerate ,england for all her outlay connected with the ,great ,exhibition4 ,the reaping machine from the ,united ,states is the most valuable contribution from abroad to the stock of our previous knowledge that we have yet discovered4 ,again3 ,it seems to us that the great event of #ahea will hereafter be found blemished by a grand oversight4 ,attracted by the novelty and splendid success of the occasion1 we have certainly yielded more admiration to the grand and the beautiful than to the unostentatious1 the practical1 and the useful4 ,the captivating luxuries which are adapted to the few have entered more largely into our imaginations and our hearts1 than those objects which are adapted to supply the homely comforts and the unpretending wants of the many4 ,we have thought more of gold and silver work--of silks1 satins1 and velvets--of rich brocades1 splendid carpets1 glowing tapestry1 and all that tends to embellish and adorn life1 than of the vast and still unexplored fields which the necessities of the humbler classes all over the world are constantly opening up to us4 ,france has thus been enabled to run quietly away with fifty-six out of about one hundred and sixty of our great medals1 while to the department of ,american notions we owe the most confessed and the most important contribution to our industrial system4 ,again3 ,well worthy of notice is the ,maynard primer1 a substitution for the percussion-cap1 which is simply a coil of paper1 at intervals in which spots of detonating powder are placed4 ,the action of the doghead carries out from the chamber in which it is contained this cheap and self-acting substitute for the ordinary gun apparatus1 which is a vast economy in expense as well as in time4 ,in its character the invention is one which admits of being easily adapted to every description of firearms at present commonly in use1 and that at a trifling cost4 ,in the same pleasant way are noticed our ,mr4 ,hobbs1 his locks1 and a score or so of similarly ingenious productions2 and as for ,mr4 ,palmer's leg1 it is declared the chief astonisher contributed by all the world--so perfect1 indeed1 that some of the journals recommend a general cutting off of natural understandings in order to adopt the always comfortable and well-conditioned substitute introduced by our countryman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a considerable number of shameless women and feeble-minded men met in convention--a sort of caldron of sickly sentimentalism1 brazen atheism1 and whatever is most ridiculous and disgusting in the diseases of society1--at ,worcester in ,massachusetts1 on the #adth of ,october1 and continued in session three days4 ,a ,mrs4 ,rose 7who1 we understand1 generally makes the leading speeches of the ,tom ,paine birth-night festivals in ,new-,york71 and ,abby ,kelley ,foster1 and ,william ,l4 ,garrison1 were among the principal actors4 ,the main propositions before this convention1 so far as they can be ascertained from the newspaper reports1 involve the setting aside of the laws of ,god as they are revealed in the ,bible2 the laws of custom in all savage and civilized1 pagan and ,christian communities1 in every age2 and the laws of analogy--vindicating the existing order of society--in every grade of animated nature4 ,complaints have been made that persons of character1 like the ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,beecher of ,brooklyn1 in some way sanctioned the mummery by writing letters to its managers4 ,such eccentricities may be pardonable1 but the public will be sure to remember them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a female1 probably a cheap dress maker1 named ,dexter1 has been lecturing in ,london on the ,bloomer costume2 and it appears to have been assumed by her1 as well as in many ,english journals1 that this ridiculous and indecent dress is common in ,american cities1 where1 as of course our readers know1 if it is ever seen1 it is on the persons of an abandoned class1 or on those of vulgar women whose inordinate love of notoriety is apt to display itself in ways that induce their exclusion from respectable society4 ,punch has some very clever caricatures of ,bloomerism1 but it would surprise the conductor of that sprightly paper to learn1 that1 except persons who walk our ,st4 ,giles's at late hours1 scarcely any ,new-,yorker has ever seen such a dress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there have never been remarked so many sudden deaths and suicides in ,paris and in the suburbs1 as within the last few weeks4 ,the following is one of the most extraordinary cases of suicide3 ,the body of a young man was found floating in the ,seine1 near ,st4 ,cloud4 ,the corpse appeared to have remained some days in the water4 ,the deceased appeared to have been about #be years of age1 and to have belonged to the higher class of society4 ,his features were handsome1 his hair brown1 and his beard long and black4 ,his linen was of the finest quality1 and his other clothing made in the latest fashion4 ,a small glass bottle1 corked and sealed1 was suspended from his neck1 in which was a paper writing1 containing the following words3--,i am about to die6 young1 it is true6 and if my body be discovered a complaint may perhaps be made4 ,this ,i do not wish4 ,an angel appeared to me in a dream1 who said to me1 ',i am the ,genius of ,france4 ,royal blood circulates in your veins2 but before you occupy the sovereign power1 which parties are disputing in ,france1 you must go to see the ,eternal ,sovereign of all things4444 ,god6 444 die4 ,let the waters of the ,seine swallow your body4 ,fear not1 you shall revive when the hour of your triumph shall have struck6 ,i have spoken6' and the angel disappeared4 ,i have accomplished his desire4 ,but ,i leave this writing in case the celestial envoy may have deceived me4 ,i pray the ,attorney-,general to prosecute him1 ,,the ,,future ,,king ,,of ,,france4 ,the body has not been claimed1 and the police authorities have instituted an inquiry to discover his family4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following clever and extraordinary story is told in the ,paris ,droit3 ,a commercial traveller1 whose business frequently called him from ,orleans to ,paris1 ,m4 ,edmund ,d----1 was accustomed to go to an hotel1 with the landlord of which he was acquainted4 ,liking1 like almost all persons of his profession1 to talk and joke1 he was the favorite of everybody in the hotel4 ,a few days ago he arrived1 and was received with pleasure by all1 but it was observed that he was much less gay than usual4 ,the stories that he told1 instead of being interesting as formerly1 were of a lugubrious character4 ,on ,thursday evening1 after supper1 he invited the people of the hotel to go to his chamber to take coffee1 and he promised to tell them a tale full of dramatic incident4 ,on entering the room1 his guests saw on the bed1 near which he seated himself1 a pair of pistols4 ',my story1' said he1 'has a sad denouement1 and ,i require the pistols to make it clearly understood4' ,as he had always been accustomed1 in telling his tales1 to indulge expressive pantomime1 and to take up anything which lay handy1 calculated to add to the effect1 no surprise was felt at his having prepared pistols4 ,he began by narrating the loves of a young girl and a young man4 ,they had both1 he said1 promised1 under the most solemn oaths1 inviolable fidelity4 ,the young man1 whose profession obliged him to travel1 once made a long absence4 ,whilst he was away1 he received a legacy1 and on his return hastened to place it at her feet4 ,but on presenting himself before her he learned that1 in compliance with the wishes of her family1 she had just married a wealthy merchant4 ,the young man thereupon took a terrible resolution4 ',he purchased a pair of pistols1 like these1' he continued1 taking one in each hand1 'then he assembled his friends in his chamber1 and1 after some conversation1 placed one under his chin1 in this way1 as ,i do1 saying in a joke that it would be a real pleasure to blow out his brains4 ,and at the same moment he pulled the trigger4' ,here the man discharged the pistol1 and his head was shattered to pieces4 ,pieces of the bone and portions of the brain fell on the horrified spectators4 ,the unfortunate man had told his own story4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we find in the ,evening ,post the following notice of the citation of ,mr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james in the courts1 under the head of ,brown ,linen against ,law ,calf3 ,immediately previous to the sort of intermittent equinoctial which has recently prevailed1 the full bench of the ,supreme ,court of ,massachusetts1 presided over by ,chief ,justice ,shaw1 were at session at ,lenox1 in the county of ,berkshire4 ,among the cases that were brought up for adjudication1 was an action of trespass quare clausum fregit1 brought by a farmer against a number of individuals1 who in common with many others1 had1 at a time last winter1 when the public highway was rendered impassible by ice and snow1 made a temporary road over the farmer's grounds without leave or license first had and obtained4 ,mr4 ,sumner1 of ,barrington1 the leading counsel of the county1 appeared for the defence1 and in enforceing his views1 took occasion to read from ,macaulay's late ,history of ,england1 several passages to illustrate the state of land communication in that county1 at the time of which he writes4 ,from that author it appears that upon one occasion1 worthy ,mr4 ,pepys1 our friend of the 'naif' diary1 while travelling somewhere 7we think in ,lincolnshire1 but have not the book before us for reference71 got his 'belle voiture'1 as ,cardinal ,richelieu used to call his antediluvian vehicle1 stuck in the mud so that it could not be extricated1 and ,mr4 ,sumner went on to argue1 that by the common law1 ,mr4 ,pepys then was1 and anybody now is1 justified1 in cases of necessity1 in passing over private domains without becoming liable to the owner in damages4 ,mr4 ,porter1 recently ,district ,attorney1 was for the plaintiff1 and1 in answering that part of his adversary's argument1 to which we have above alluded1 claimed the indulgence of the court to state1 that a certain author had been quoted upon the other side1 who had hardly as yet been recognized as authority in a court of justice1 upon a mere law question1 at least2 that such being the case1 he claimed the liberty to read from another writer1 the late historiographer royal of ,great ,britain1 a gentleman whose statements were certainly entitled to overrule the others in a question of that sort2 and thereupon ,mr4 ,porter commenced reading the first chapter of ,mr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james's new novel of ',the ,fate1' in which he so indignantly denounces the falsity of ,macaulay's picture of the social condition of ,england two centuries ago4 ,this created no little merriment1 both on the bench and among the gentlemen of the robe1 all admitting that it was the first time within their knowledge1 that the black linen and the brown paper had usurped the place of the consecrated law calf1 before an ,american tribunal at least4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,french critic has just revealed a portrait of the favorite of ,lamartine and numerous other writers on the ,revolution--,st4 ,just1 from which it appears that he was the author of a long poem entitled ,orgaut4 ,the opinion which the historians have caused the public to form of this man was1 that he was a fanatic--implacable1 but sincere--a ruthless minister of the guillotine1 but deeming wholesale slaughter indispensable for securing1 what he conscientiously considered1 the welfare of the people4 ,he was1 we might imagine1 something like the gloomy inquisitors of old1 who thought it was doing ,god service to burn heretics at the stake4 ,a correspondent of the ,athenaeum observes1 that ,to justify this opinion1 one would have expected to have found in a poem written by him when the warm and generous sentiments of youth were in all their freshness1 burning aspirations for what it was the fashion of his time to call vertu1 and lavish protestations of devotedness to his country and the people4 ,but instead of that1 the work is1 it appears1 from beginning to end1 full of the grossest obscenity--it is the delirium of a brain maddened with voluptuousness--it is coarser and more abominable than the ',pucelle' of ,voltaire1 and is not relieved1 as that is1 by sparkling wit and graces of style4 ,in a moral point of view1 it is atrocious--in a literary point of view1 wretched4 ,the discovery of such a production will be a sad blow to the stern fanatics of these days1 who look on the blood-stained men of the ,revolution with admiration and awe--who make them the martyred saints of their calendar--and whose hope by day and dream by night is to have the opportunity of imitating them4 ,of the whole band ,st4 ,just has hitherto been considered the purest--he has always been accepted as the very personification of 'virtue' in its most sublime form4 ,even the immaculate ,maximilien ,robespierre himself has never had the honor of having admitted that he approached him in moral grandeur4 ,and now1 behold6 this 'virtuous' angel is proved to have been a debauched and loathsome-minded wretch6 ,but1 to be sure1 that was before he began cutting off heads1 and wholesale murders on the political scaffold redeem a multitude of sins4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a few days ago the ,french ,president received a gift of the most rich bouquets from the market women of ,paris1 and at the same time an application for permission to visit him at the palace4 ,this was granted1 and full three hundred of the flower of the female merchants in fruit and vegetables of the faubourgs1 dressed in their utmost finery1 were received by the officers in attendance1 and ushered through the saloons of the ,elysee4 ,the ,london ,times correspondent says3 ,after admiring the furniture1 paintings1 c41 they were conducted to the gardens1 where they enjoyed themselves for some time4 ,refreshments were then laid out in the dining-room1 and they were invited to partake of the ,president's hospitality4 ,the champagne was passing round pretty freely when the ,president entered4 ,they received him with acclamations of ',vive ,napoleon6' ,the ,president1 after the usual salutations1 took a glass of wine1 and proposed the toast1 ',a la sante des dames de la ,halle de ,paris6' which was responded to in a becoming manner2 and ',la sante de ,napoleon6' was in turn proposed by an elderly matron1 and loudly cheered4 ,the ladies were particularly pleased at finding the bouquets presented yesterday arranged in the dining-room4 ,louis ,napoleon chatted for some time with his visitors1 and expressed1 in warm terms1 the pleasure he felt at seeing them under his roof4 ,the ladies requested that one of their companions--the most distinguished for personal attractions1 as for youth--should be allowed to embrace him in the name of the others4 ,such a request no man could hesitate to grant1 and the fair one who was deputed to bestow the general salute advanced1 blushing and trembling1 to perform the duty4 ,louis ,napoleon went through the pleasing ceremony with much credit to himself1 and apparently to the great satisfaction of those present4 ,in a short time the visitors asked permission to retire1 after again thanking the ,president for the honor he did them4 ,before separating they united in one last and loud acclamation of ',vive ,napoleon4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,johnson ,j4 ,,hooper1 the author of ,captain ,simon ,suggs1 and several other works similar to that famous performance in humor and in the characteristics of southern life1 is editor of ,the ,chambers ,tribune1 published somewhere in ,alabama4 ,few papers have as much of the quality which is commonly described by the word spicy4 ,in a late number we have an election anecdote which will serve as a specimen4 ,the hero is ,colonel ,a4 ,q4 ,nicks1 of ,talladega4 ,we quote3 ,the ,colonel had incurred1 somehow1 the enmity of a certain preacher--one who had once been ejected from his church and subsequently restored4 ,the parson1 besides1 was no favorite with his neighbors4 ,well1 when ,nicks was nominated1 parson ,slashem 'norated' it publicly that when ,nicks should be elected1 his 7the parson's7 land would be for sale1 and himself ready to emigrate4 ,well1 the ,colonel went round the county a time or two1 and found he was 'bound to go2' and shortly after arriving at that highly satisfactory conclusion1 espying the parson in a crowd he was addressing1 sung out to him3 ',i say1 brother ,slashem1 begin to fix up your muniments--draw your deeds--,i am going to represent these people1 certain6 ,but before you leave1 let me give you thanks for declaring your intention as soon as you did2 for on that account ,i am getting all of your church and the most part of your neighbors6' ,the parson has not been heard of since4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in a late number of ,mr4 ,,charles ,,dickens',s ,household ,words1 there is an amusing and suggestive paper on ,nursery ,rhymes1 wherein the ferocious morals embalmed in jog-trot verse are indicated1 for the reflective consideration of all parents4 ,a terrible case is made out against these lisping moralists3 slaughter1 cruelty1 bigotry1 injustice1 wanton delight in terrible accidents and awful punishments for trivial offences1 ferocity of every kind--such a mass of shocking notions as would people our nurseries with demons1 were it not for the happy indifference of children to anything but the rhyme1 rhythm1 and quaint image4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,france1 we have the ,univers regretting that ,luther was not burnt1 and that the church has not still the power to use the stake2 and in ,england we have the ,rambler1 a journal which is considered the organ of the moderate party1 as distinct from that of the ,tablet1 boldly expressing wishes and hopes of an even more debatable character4 ,the creed of the king of ,naples is authoritatively declared to be that of every ,catholic4 ,in a late number it is said-- ,believe us not1 ,protestants of ,england and ,ireland1 for an instant1 when you see us pouring forth our liberalisms4 ,when you hear a ,catholic orator at some ,catholic assemblage declaring solemnly that 'this is the most humiliating day in his life1 when he is called upon to defend once more the glorious principle of religious freedom'--7especially if he says any thing about the ,emancipation ,act and the 'toleration' it conceded to ,catholics7--be not too simple in your credulity4 ,these are brave words1 but they mean nothing2 no1 nothing more than the promises of a parliamentary candidate to his constituents on the hustings4 ,he is not talking ,catholicism1 but nonsense and ,protestantism2 and he will no more act on these notions in different circumstances1 than you now act on them yourselves in your treatment of him4 ,you ask1 if he were lord in the land1 and you were in a minority1 if not in numbers yet in power1 what would he do to you8 ,that1 we say1 would entirely depend upon circumstances4 ,if it would benefit the cause of ,catholicism1 he would tolerate you3 if expedient he would imprison you1 banish you1 fine you2 possibly1 he might even hang you4 ,but be assured of one thing3 he would never tolerate you for the sake of the 'glorious principles of civil and religious liberty4' ,again1 it is said-- ,why are we so anxious to make the church wear the garb of the world8 ,why do we stoop1 and bow1 and cringe before that enemy whom we are sent to conquer and annihilate8 ,why are we ashamed of the deeds of our more consistent forefathers1 who did only what they were bound to do by the first principles of ,catholicism8444 ,shall ,i foster that damnable doctrine1 that ,socinianism1 and ,calvinism1 and ,anglicanism1 and ,judaism1 are not every one of them mortal sins1 like murder and adultery8 ,shall ,i lend my countenance to this unhappy persuasion of my brother1 that he is not flying in the face of ,almighty ,god every day that he remains a ,protestant8 ,shall ,i hold out hopes to him that ,i will not meddle with his creed if he will not meddle with mine8 ,shall ,i lead him to think that religion is a matter for private opinion1 and tempt him to forget that he has no more right to his religious views than he has to my purse1 or my house1 or my life-blood8 ,no6 ,catholicism is the most intolerant of creeds4 ,it is intolerance itself1 for it is truth itself4 ,we might as rationally maintain that a sane man has a right to believe that two and two do not make four1 as this theory of religious liberty4 ,its impiety is only equalled by its absurdity4 ,we refer above to the ,univers1 the organ of the ,roman ,catholic party in ,france4 ,the editor of that print1 at a dinner recently given for ,bishop ,hughes1 at the ,astor ,house1 was complimented in a toast by our excellent collector1 ,maxwell1 who1 of course1 endorses the following choice paragraph3 ,a heretic1 observes the editor of the ,univers1 examined and convicted by the church1 used to be delivered over to the secular power1 and punished with death4 ,nothing has ever appeared to us more natural1 or more necessary4 ,more than #ajj1jjj persons perished in consequence of the heresy of ,wicliff2 a still greater number by that of ,john ,huss2 it would not be possible to calculate the bloodshed caused by the heresy of ,luther1 and it is not yet over4 ,after three centuries we are at the eve of a recommencement4 ,the prompt repression of the disciples of ,luther1 and a crusade against ,protestantism1 would have spared ,europe three centuries of discord and of catastrophes in which ,france and civilization may perish4 ,it was under the influence of such reflections that ,i wrote the phrase which has so excited the virtuous indignation of the ,red journals4 ,here it is3--',for my part1 ,i avow frankly my regret is not only that they did not sooner burn ,john ,huss1 but that they did not equally burn ,luther2 and ,i regret1 further1 that there had not been at the same time some prince sufficiently pious and politic to have made a crusade against the ,protestants4' ,well1 this paragraph might have been better penned2 but as ,i have the happiness to belong to those who care little about mere forms of expression1 ,i will not revoke it4 ,i accept it as it is1 and with a certain satisfaction at finding myself faithful to my opinions4 ,that which ,i wrote in #ahch ,i still believe4 ,let the ,red philanthropists print their declaration in any sort of type they please1 and as often as they please4 ,let them add their commentaries1 and place all to my account4 ,the day that ,i cancel it1 they will be justified in holding the opinion of me which ,i hold of them4 ,far be it from us to meddle with the quarrels of the theologians--even by reprinting any attack an adversary makes on the worst of them4 ,we merely copy these paragraphs from famous defenders of the ,catholic ,church1 as an act of justice to her1 against those slandering ,protestants who say she has changed--she1 the infallible and ever consistent6 99 99 99 99 99 ,the leading journal of the world occasionally indulges in a pleasantry1 as in this example3 ,a surgical operation under the influence of chloroform has just terminated fatally1 to the regret of the public1 to whom the patient was well known4 ,one of the brown bears in the ,zoological ,garden suffering from cataract of the eye1 an eminent surgeon and a party of gelehrter assembled to undertake his cure4 ,bruin was tempted to the bars of his den by the offer of some bread1 and then secured by ropes and a muzzle4 ,after a stout resistance1 chloroform was administered4 ,in a state of insensibility the cataract was removed1 and the bonds untied1 but the patient showed no signs of life6 ,feathers to the nose1 cold buckets of water1 and bleeding produced no effect4 ,poor ,bruin had gone whither the great tortoise1 two ostriches1 and the ,african lion have preceded him1 for the managers of the ,berlin gardens are decidedly unlucky4 ,with the trifling drawback of the death of the subject1 the operation was skilfully and successfully performed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we find the following anecdote as related by ,baron ,,oldhausen3 it conveys an admirable lesson3 ,charles ,,xii41 of ,sweden1 condemned a soldier1 and stood at a distance from the place of execution4 ,the fellow1 when he heard this1 was in hopes of a pardon1 but being assured that he was mistaken1 replied with a loud voice1 ',my tongue is still free1 and ,i will use it at my pleasure4' ,he did so1 and charged the king1 with much insolence1 and as loud as he could speak1 with injustice and barbarity1 and appealed to ,god for revenge4 ,the king1 not hearing him distinctly1 inquired what the soldier had been saying4 ,a general officer1 unwilling to sharpen his resentment against the poor man1 told his majesty he had only repeated with great earnestness1 ',that ,god loves the merciful1 and teaches the mighty to moderate their anger4' ,the king was touched by these words1 and sent his pardon to the criminal4 ,a courtier1 however1 in an opposite interest1 availed himself of this occasion and repeated to the king exactly the licentious expressions which the fellow uttered1 adding gravely1 that 'men of quality ought never to misrepresent facts to their sovereign4' ,the king for some moments stood pausing1 and then turned to the courtier1 saying1 with reproving looks1 ',this is the first time ,i have been betrayed to my advantage2 but the lie of your enemy gave me more pleasure than your truth has done4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,a report is current in ,europe that an expedition is to be sent from ,france into the sea of ,japan4 ,it is said that it will consist of a frigate1 a corvette1 and a steamer1 under the orders of a ,rear-,admiral who has long navigated in the ,pacific ,ocean and the ,chinese seas4 ,this expedition will1 it is added1 be at once military1 commercial1 and scientific1 and has for object to open to ,european commerce states which have been closed against it since the sixteenth century4 ,notwithstanding the sanction which the principle involved received a few years ago1 from an illustrious ,american1 we cannot regard the proposed expedition otherwise than as an act of the most shameless villainy by a nation4 ,the ,japanese are a peculiar race1 and our readers who have seen a series of articles on the subject of their civilization and polity in late numbers of the ,tribune1 will not be disposed to think the people of ,japan inferior to those of ,france1 just now1 in any of the best elements of a state4 ,we1 as well as the ,japanese themselves1 understand perfectly well that the opening of their ports to the ,europeans and ,americans1 would be followed by the demoralization and overthrow of their empire4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,carlyle1 in the following brief composition1 of which the original was shown us a few days ago1 furnishes a model for autograph writers4 ,george ,w4 ,c----1 of ,philadelphia1 wants my autograph1 and here gets it3 much good may it do him4 ,t4 ,,carlyle4 ,,london1 ,november #b1 #ahej4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following on the silence of wives under conjugal infelicity1 is as sententious and as true as any thing in ,la ,bruyere3 ,however much a woman may detest her husband1 the grievance is too irremediable for her to find any comfort in talking about it2 there is never any consolation in complaining of great troubles--silence and forgetfulness are the only anodynes4 ,women have generally a ,spartan fortitude in the matter of husbands3 if they have made an unblessed choice1 it is a secret they instinctively conceal from the world1 cloaking their sufferings under every imaginable color and pretence4 ,they apparently feel that to blame their husbands is to blame themselves at second-hand4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we published in the ,international some time ago a sketch1 pleasantly written1 of the eccentric ,lord ,chancellor ,thurlow1 and his terrible swearing4 ,the following from the ,manchester ,courier1 shows that the great lawyer has a worthy follower in ,baron ,platt3 ,at the recent assizes at ,liverpool1 a stabbing case from ,manchester was heard before ,baron ,platt1 who1 in summing up to the jury1 used these words3 ',one of the witnesses tells you that he said to the prisoner1 ',if you use your knife you are a d----d coward2' ,i say also1' continued the learned judge1 apparently in deep thought1 'that he was a d----d coward1 and any man is a d----d coward who will use a knife4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,the printers of ,london are endeavoring to establish1 in imitation of the ,printers' ,library in ,new-,york1 a literary institution to be called ,the ,printers' ,athenaeum1 and have received considerable encouragement from compositors1 and the trades connected with printing1 as typefounders1 bookbinders1 engravers1 letter-press and copper-plate printers1 c41 the members of which are eligible4 ,the object is to combine the social advantages of a club with the mental improvement of a literary and scientific institution1 and to adapt them for the position and circumstances of the working classes4 ,all persons engaged in the production of a newspaper1 or book1 such as editors1 authors1 reporters1 readers1 c41 although strictly not belonging to the profession1 are competent to become members1 and persons not so connected will be permitted to join the society on their being proposed by a member4 ,it is expected that the ,athenaeum will be opened before the commencement of the ensuing year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,madrid correspondent writes to one of the ,london journals3 ,the infant princess to whom the ,duchess of ,montpensier has just given birth has received the names of ,maria ,amalia ,luisa ,enriqueta ,felipa ,antonia ,fernanda ,cristina ,isabel ,adelaida ,jesusa ,josefa ,joaquina ,ana ,francisca de ,asis ,justa ,rufina ,francisca de ,paula ,ramona ,elena ,carolina ,bibiana ,polonia ,gaspara ,melchora ,baltasara ,augustina ,sabina4 ,doubtless there was an extra charge for the christening4 ,historical ,review of the ,month4 ,an increasing activity is observable in whatever points to the next ,presidential election1 and several eminent persons have recently defined their relations to the most exciting and important questions to be affected in that contest4 ,among others1 ex-,vice ,president ,dallas1 ex-,secretary of the ,navy ,paulding1 and ,mr4 ,henry ,clay1 have written letters on the state of the nation as respects the slavery question4 ,meantime1 the people of ,south ,carolina have repudiated the doctrine and policy of secession by electing only two members in the whole state favorable to their views in the ,convention called for the consideration of that subject2 ,georgia and ,mississippi have given overwhelming majorities on the same side2 and ,pennsylvania appears to have asserted not less unquestionably her attachment to the ,union and the ,compromise1 in electing ,mr4 ,bigler governor4 ,the affairs of the several states are without special significance except in the matter of elections1 of which we have indicated the general results as altogether favorable to the ,union and the enforcement of the laws of ,congress4 ,returns1 however1 are at the time when we go to press so imperfect1 that we attempt no particular details respecting candidates or majorities4 ,in ,pennsylvania and ,ohio1 as in the ,southern ,states1 the democrats have a perfect ascendency2 in ,maryland the whigs have been successful2 in ,california it appears to be doubtful as to the ,governor1 but the democrats have a control in the ,legislature4 ,the most important news from ,california relates to the movement for dividing the state1 and making that part of it lying south of the thirty-seventh degree of north latitude a separate commonwealth4 ,if this project should be carried into effect1 slavery would1 no doubt1 be introduced into ,southern ,california2 but there is not much prospect of its being successful4 ,a convention of delegates from the southern counties1 to be held at ,los ,angelos1 ,santa ,barbara1 or ,monterey1 is called for the purpose of interchanging sentiments on the subject1 so that the ,legislature may take the matter into consideration4 ,the accounts from the mining districts continue to be favorable2 improvements are in successful progress in various gold-bearing districts2 and the yield of the precious metal is such as to reward the enterprise and industry of the miner4 ,san ,francisco and ,sacramento have again been disgraced by the conduct of scoundrel bands usurping the functions of government and putting to death such persons as were obnoxious to their prejudices or guilty of offences which the law officers might have punished4 ,from the ,mormon ,city at ,salt ,lake1 intelligence is received of continued prosperity4 ,mr4 ,bernheisel1 last year agent for the territory in this city to obtain a library for ,utah1 is chosen territorial delegate to ,congress4 ,after a protracted contest for ,provisional ,bishop of the diocese of ,new-,york1 ,dr4 ,creighton1 of ,tarrytown1 has been elected to that office4 ,he is a native of this city1 and graduated in ,columbia ,college in #ahab1 afterwards officiated in ,grace ,church1 was next appointed ,rector of ,st4 ,mark's1 ,bowery1 whence he was called to ,tarrytown1 where he now resides4 ,louis ,kossuth1 having been set at liberty by the ,turkish government1 will very soon arrive in the ,united ,states1 where extraordinary demonstrations of respect will be offered to him in several of the principal cities4 ,about nine months ago ,kossuth committed to the care of ,mr4 ,frank ,taylor1 a young ,american visiting ,broussa1 the ,,ms4 of an address to the people of this country1 which was published in a translation1 at ,new-,york1 on the #ahth of ,october--having been withheld until that time lest its earlier appearance should affect injuriously the interests of its author in ,europe4 ,the friends of liberty will rejoice that ,kossuth is free1 and in a land of liberty2 but it is not improbable that future events will demonstrate1 that the ,austrian government was not altogether unreasonable in protesting against his enlargement4 ,kossuth and ,mazzini are scarcely less terrible to tyrants1 as writers1 than as the leaders of armies and the masters of cabinets4 ,although extraordinary prosperity in a state may sometimes lead to arrogance and injustice1 the position of this country toward several ,european powers who intimate an intention of compelling a certain policy on our part in regard to ,spain1 must insure a triumphant consideration of the ,union1 in which we have a strength that may laugh their leagues to scorn4 ,the details of an arrangement between ,spain1 ,france1 and ,great ,britain1 are not yet perfectly understood in the ,united ,states1 but it is generally known that some plan has been adopted which will be likely to draw from the ,secretary of ,state a sequel to his letter to ,mr4 ,hulseman1 the ,austrian charge d',affaires1 whose experiences were made known a year ago4 ,the vessels of the ,american exploring expedition in search of ,sir ,john ,franklin returned--the ,advance on the #cjth of ,september1 and the ,rescue1 which had separated from her on the banks of ,newfoundland1 a few days after4 ,it is probable that a full account of this heroic enterprise1 so honorable to its authors and to all engaged in it1 will soon be given to the public1 by ,dr4 ,kane1 or one of the other officers2 and as any such brief statement as we could present of its history would be unsatisfactory1 we shall not now go further into details than to say no traces of ,sir ,john ,franklin1 except such as we have already noticed1 were discovered1 and that the crews came home after a year's absence in excellent health4 ,the nearly simultaneous return of the ,british expedition has caused considerable discussion in ,england4 ,it appears to be felt very generally that it is not justifiable to abandon the pursuit until the fate of ,sir ,john ,franklin has been demonstrated by actual observation4 ,such satisfaction is due to science and to humanity4 ,proposals are now1 we believe1 before the ,admiralty1 for sending into the ,arctic seas one or more steamers1 with which alone the search can be advantageously prosecuted further4 ,a ,new-,york ship1 the ,flying ,cloud1 made the passage round the ,horn to ,san ,francisco in ninety days--shorter than any voyage on record4 ,her fastest day's run was #cgd miles1 beating the fleetest of ,collins's steamers by fifty miles4 ,in three successive days she made #iib miles4 ,at this rate she would cross the ,atlantic in less than nine days4 ,discouraging accounts have been received respecting the whale fleet in the ,north ,pacific ,ocean4 ,after wintering in the gulf of ,anadir1 the fleet attempted to pass into the ,arctic ,ocean1 when it became surrounded with fields of ice1 by which not less than eight vessels are known to have been destroyed1 and it was supposed that upwards of sixty others had experienced the same fate4 ,some of the crews of the lost ships reached the main land1 but afterwards got into difficulty with the natives and in consequence many of them were killed4 ,the whale fishing1 during the season1 is said to have been an entire failure1 and a number of vessels were on their return to the northwest coast1 in the hope of retrieving their ill fortune4 ,several disastrous accidents have recently happened in various parts of the country4 ,on the #bast ,september1 the steamer ,james ,jackson1 exploded near ,shawneetown in ,illinois1 killing and wounding #ce4 ,on the #bfth ,september1 the ,brilliant exploded near ,bayou ,sara1 killing a yet larger number2 and many such events of less importance1 but probably involving more or less criminality1 have occurred on steamboats and railroads in various parts of the country4 ,the most destructive fire since the completion of our last number was one at ,buffalo1 commencing on the #beth ,september1 and continuing until #bjj buildings1 on more than #cj acres1 were destroyed1 and an immense number of poor families were made homeless4 ,the fire extended over the meanest part of the town1 but the loss is estimated at #cjj1jjj4 ,for several days a destructive gale prevailed along the eastern coast1 producing an immense loss of life2 a large number of dead bodies were taken from the holds of vessels4 ,great excitement has prevailed in ,gloucester1 ,newburyport and other towns1 a large portion of whose populations were exposed to the fury of the storm4 ,further east1 on the coast of ,nova-,scotia1 the remains of sixty persons1 lost during the storm1 are said to have been buried in one grave4 ,no less than #afj vessels1 of all kinds1 are reported to have been wrecked4 ,the ,grand ,jury sitting at ,philadelphia have found bills of indictment against four white men and twenty-seven negroes1 for treason1 in participating in the outrage at ,christiana1 in the state of ,pennsylvania4 ,at ,syracuse on the #ast of ,october an attempt was made to rescue a slave1 but he was captured and his abettors arrested and conveyed to ,auburn for examination4 ,the jury in the case of ,margaret ,garrity1 who was tried at ,newark for the murder of a man named ,drum1 who seduced her under a promise of marriage1 and afterwards deserted her for another1 rendered a verdict of not guilty1 on the ground of insanity1 on the #acth ult4 ,this disgraceful proceeding had precedents in ,new ,jersey1 and it appears to have excited but little of the indignation which it deserved4 ,margaret ,garrity murdered her paramour under extraordinary circumstances1 which1 doubtless1 would have had proper weight with the pardoning power4 ,it is evidently absurd to say1 that she1 more than any murderess1 was insane1 and the jury were altogether unjustifiable in rendering a verdict which is unsupported by evidence2 and of an assumption of the authority of the ,governor of the ,state1 in setting at liberty a criminal for whose conduct there appeared to be merely some sort of extenuation or excuse in the conduct of her victim4 ,it would be as well to have no juries as juries so ignorant or reckless of their obligations4 ,a general council of the once grand confederacy of the ,five ,nations of ,indians1 the ,mohawks1 ,onondagas1 ,oneidas1 ,cayugas1 ,senecas1 and ,tuscaroras--was held at ,tonawanda on ,friday1 ,september #aith1 to celebrate the funeral rites of their last ,grand ,sachem1 ,john ,blacksmith1 deceased1 and of electing a ,grand ,sachem in his place1 electing ,chiefs1 c4 ,ely ,s4 ,parker 7,do-ne-ha-ga-wa71 was proclaimed ,grand ,sachem of the ,six ,nations4 ,he was invested with the silver medal presented by ,washington to the celebrated war-chief ,red ,jacket1 and worn by him until his death4 ,the new ,canadian ,ministry1 so far as formed1 is as follows3 ,inspector-,general1 ,mr4 ,hincks2 ,president of the ,council1 ,dr4 ,rolph2 ,postmaster-,general1 ,malcolm ,cameron2 ,commissioner of ,crown ,lands1 ,william ,morris2 ,attorney-,general for ,canada ,west1 ,w4 ,b4 ,richards2 ,attorney-,general for ,canada ,east1 ,mr4 ,drummond2 ,provincial ,secretary1 ,mr4 ,morin4 ,three appointments are yet to be made4 ,the government will be eminently liberal4 ,a revolution set on foot in ,northern ,mexico promises to be successful4 ,the chief causes alleged by the conspirators are the enormous duties upon imports1 and too severe punishment for smuggling1 the excessive authority of the ,central ,government over the individual ,states1 the quartering of regular troops upon citizens1 the mal-administration of the national finances1 the bad system of military government inherited from the ,spanish establishment1 and the want of a system of public education4 ,the insurgents declare that they lay aside all idea of secession or annexation1 yet it is not impossible that the movement will soon have such an end4 ,the revolution commenced at ,camargo1 where the insurgents attacked the ,mexicans1 and came off victorious1 having taken the town by storm1 with a loss on the side of the ,mexicans of #fj4 ,the ,government troops were intrenched in a church with artillery4 ,the revolutionists are commanded by ,carvajal1 who has also with him two companies of ,texans4 ,at our last dates1 the #ith of ,september1 they had taken the town of ,reynosa1 meeting but little resistance4 ,one field-piece and a quantity of other arms fell into their hands4 ,general ,canales1 the ,governor of ,tamaulipas1 was approaching ,metamoras1 and ,general ,avalajos was on the way to meet him1 whether as friend or foe is uncertain4 ,it was supposed that ,canales would assume the chief command of the revolutionists4 ,from ,new ,grenada we learn that ,general ,herrara has entirely subdued the revolt lately undertaken1 and that the country is quiet4 ,a revolt has broken out in ,chili 7a country remarkable in ,south ,america for the stability of its affairs71 and in several towns the troops had declared in favor of a new man for the ,presidency3 the disorganizers were sweeping all before them1 and the country was in a most excited condition4 ,from ,montevideo the latest intelligence is so confused that we can arrive at no definite conclusion1 except that the domestic war is prosecuted with unusual savageness4 ,an insurrection has broken out in the states of ,san ,salvador and ,guatemala4 ,general ,carrera1 with a force of #a1ejj men1 had attacked the enemy in ,san ,salvador1 who mustered #d1jjj strong1 and defeated them with a loss of four men killed4 ,he then evacuated the country4 ,from ,great ,britain we have no political news of importance4 ,the royal family were still in the north4 ,the whig politicians appear to be agitating new schemes of parliamentary reform1 and several distinguished persons have recently made addresses to their constituents4 ,sir ,edward ,bulwer ,lytton is before his county as a protectionist candidate for the ,house of ,commons1 with fair prospects4 ,the submarine telegraph to ,france has been completed4 ,the great cable which was intended to reach the whole distance proved too short by half a mile1 owing to the irregularity of the line in which it was laid down4 ,it was pieced out with a coil of wire coated with gutta percha4 ,this will1 however1 have to be taken up and supplied with cable4 ,the connection is complete with ,france1 and messages are sent across with perfect success4 ,mr4 ,lawrence1 the ,american minister1 having gone to ,ireland1 for the purpose of seeing the scenery of the country1 has been embarrassed with honors2 public addresses have been presented to him1 banquets given to him1 railway directors and commissioners of harbors have attended him in his journeys1 a steamboat was specially fitted up to carry him down the ,shannon1 and in every way such demonstrations of interest and honor were offered as were suitable for a people's reception of a messenger from the home of their children4 ,the visit of ,mr4 ,lawrence promises some happy results in directing attention to projects for a steam communication directly with the ,united ,states4 ,the differences between the government of ,calcutta and the court of ,hyderabad1 have been arranged for the present without any actual confiscation of the ,nizam's territory4 ,a considerable sum has been lodged in the hands of the ,resident1 and security offered for the partial liquidation of the remainder4 ,moolraj1 the ex-,dewan of ,mooltan1 expired on the #aath ,august1 while on his journey to the fortress of ,allahabad1 and the ,vizier ,yar ,mohammed ,khan1 of ,herat1 died on the #dth of ,june4 ,the eldest son of the latter1 ,seyd ,mahommed ,khan1 has succeeded to the throne of ,herat4 ,dost ,mohammed is resolved to oppose him1 and1 for that purpose1 has placed his son1 ,hyder ,khan1 at the head of a large army1 with orders to invade ,herat4 ,the ,admiralty have advertised for tenders for a monthly mail line of screw-steamers to and from ,england and the west coast of ,africa4 ,the ports to be touched at are ,goree1 ,bathurst1 ,sierra ,leone1 ,monrovia 7,liberia71 ,cape ,coast ,castle1 ,accra1 ,whydah ,badagry1 ,lagos1 ,bonny1 ,old ,calabar1 ,cameroons1 and ,fernando ,po4 ,the whole range of the slave coast will thus be included2 and it is understood that the object of the line1 which1 in the first instance1 of course will carry scarcely any passengers or letters1 is to promote the extinction of that traffic1 not only by cultivating commerce with the natives1 but by the rapid and regular information it will convey from point to point4 ,of the ,caffre war1 we have intelligence by an arrival at ,boston direct from the ,cape of ,good ,hope1 later than has been received by way of ,england4 ,there appeared to be some prospect of the war being brought to a close2 reinforcements of troops had arrived1 and ,sir ,harry ,smith1 the ,governor1 was in excellent spirits4 ,in the mean time1 however1 the ,caffres and ,hottentots continued making sad havoc on the settlements1 and the people were suffering from a lack of provisions1 and cattle and stock were starving to death4 ,efficient measures however had in ,england been taken for their relief4 ,from ,france1 in the recess of the ,assembly1 there is no news of general importance4 ,the persecution of the press1 by which more than one ruler of that country has heretofore lost his place1 is persevered in1 and a large number of editors 7including two sons of ,victor ,hugo7 have been imprisoned and fined4 ,all foreigners intending to reside permanently in ,paris1 or exercise any calling there1 must henceforth present themselves personally to the authorities1 and obtain permission to remain4 ,this new and stringent police-regulation is1 it is said1 to be extended to every department of ,france4 ,such fear of foreigners contrasts strangely with the unsuspicious welcome which they receive in ,america and ,england4 ,the ,president is evidently not willing his subjects should know what the world says of his administration4 ,the ,government of ,naples has caused to be published a formal reply to ,mr4 ,gladstone's letters to ,lord ,palmerston in respect to its unjustifiable severity to political prisoners1 particularly the ex-minister ,poerio4 ,it mainly consists of an exposure of some inaccuracies of detail on the part of ,mr4 ,gladstone1 such as an exaggeration of the number of political prisoners at present confined in ,naples1 the alleged innocence of ,poerio1 the unhealthy state of the prisons1 c42 but it does not do away with the charge of savage severity in the punishment of ,poerio and his fellow-prisoners1 which formed the main accusation advanced by ,mr4 ,gladstone against the ,neapolitan ,government1 and it is not likely in any considerable degree to affect the opinion of the world on the subject4 ,the ,papal ,court has addressed a note to the ,french ,government1 complaining of the toleration1 by the latter1 of incendiary writings against ,italian states4 ,the note observes that if the ,french journals were not to publish these writings1 the demagogues would be at a loss for organs of circulation1 because the ,english newspapers are much less read in ,italy4 ,the ,emperor of ,austria has been making a tour through his ,italian provinces1 in which he has been received with respectful silence in streets deserted by all except the military and ungoverned children4 ,from a diplomatic correspondence between the representatives of ,austria and ,turkey1 in regard to the liberation of ,kossuth and his companions1 it is very evident that ,austria feels very keenly the discomfiture she has sustained1 and that she will be very likely to resent this disregard of her wishes1 by seeking cause of war with ,turkey4 ,she is stirring up rebellion in the ,bosnian provinces1 and concentrating her troops upon that frontier1 to take advantage of any contingency that may arise4 ,the authorities in ,hungary have been absurd enough to evince the spleen of the ,austrians in hanging effigies of ,kossuth and his associates1 condemned for treason in contumace4 ,in ,portugal vigorous preparations were being made for elections1 in which it was expected that ,saldanha's friends would generally be defeated4 ,at the ,cape de ,verde ,islands a terrible disease1 described as a black plague1 was very fatal4 ,the differences between the governments of ,turkey and ,egypt are still unsettled1 and the fate of the ,egyptian railroad therefore remains doubtful4 ,scientific ,discoveries and ,proceedings of ,learned ,societies4 ,some recently received numbers of the ,nordische ,biene contain interesting information concerning the organization and labors of the ,russian ,geographical ,society4 ,this body1 like the ,geographical and ,statistical ,society organized a few weeks since in ,new-,york1 is modelled upon the general plan of the ,royal ,geographical ,society in ,london4 ,it is1 however1 far from being so universal in its aims2 in fact1 its members confine their investigations to the ,russian empire1 and to tribes and countries contiguous therewith4 ,the annual meeting is held on ,april #eth4 ,at the last1 two prizes were given2 one of these was a gold medal offered by ,prince ,constantine1 the other a money prize for the best statistical work4 ,the medal was awarded to ,lieutenant-,colonel ,buckhardt ,lemm1 for a series of astronomical observations1 determining the latitude and longitude of some four hundred places in ,russia and the neighboring regions in ,asia1 as far as ,mesched in ,persia4 ,these determinations are of particular value for the geography of inner ,asia4 ,the statistical prize was awarded to a ,mr4 ,woronoff for a historical and statistical survey of the educational establishments in the district of ,st4 ,petersburg from #agae to #ahbh4 ,it is in fact a history of the development of mental culture in that most important part of the empire4 ,the annual report1 giving a survey of the ,society's doings1 was interesting4 ,a special object of attention is the publication of maps of the separate governments or provinces4 ,the ,society had also caused an expedition to be sent to the ,ural1 under ,colonel ,hoffmann4 ,the triangulation of the country about ,mount ,ararat had been completed4 ,a map of ,asia ,minor had been prepared by ,col4 ,bolotoff1 and sent to ,paris to be engraved2 a map of the ,caspian sea1 and the countries surrounding it1 was nearly completed by ,mr4 ,chanykoff2 the same savan was still at work on a map of ,asia between #ce deg4 and #dj deg4 north latitude1 and #fa deg4 and #ha deg4 east longitude2 two astronomers were engaged in that region making observations to assist in its completion4 ,another map of ,kokand and ,bokhara was also forthcoming1 and the ,society had employed ,messrs ,butakoff and ,chanykoff to prepare a complete atlas of ,asia between #cc deg4 and #ef deg4 north latitude and #fe deg4 and #ajj deg4 east longitude4 ,a ,russian nobleman had given #ab1jjj rubles to pay for making and publishing a ,russian translation of ,ritter's geography1 but the society had determined not to undertake so immense a work 7it is some #ae1jjj printed pages71 and had determined only to take up those countries which have an immediate interest for ,russia1 using along with ,ritter a great body of materials to which he had not access4 ,these countries are ,southern ,siberia1 ,northern ,china1 ,turan1 ,korassan1 ,afghanistan and ,persia4 ,in ,ritter's work these occupy #d1ejj pages4 ,no doubt the labors of the ,society will greatly enrich geographical science4 ,the ,society have in hand an expedition to the peninsula of ,kamschatka1 in which they have been greatly assisted by the contributions of private persons4 ,they also promise a classification of a vast collection of objects they have received bearing upon the ethnography of ,russia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we learn from the last ,number of the ,revue des ,deux ,mondes that the ,french government has lately made a literary acquisition of no ordinary interest and value4 ,a ,french gentleman of the name of ,perret has been engaged for six years in exploring ,,the ,,catacombs ,,under ,,rome1 and copying1 with the most minute and scrupulous fidelity1 the remains of ancient art which are hidden in those extraordinary chambers4 ,under the authority of the papal government1 and assisted by ,m4 ,savinien ,petit1 an accomplished ,french artist1 ,m4 ,perret has explored the whole of the sixty catacombs together with the connecting galleries4 ,burying himself for five years in this subterranean city1 he has thoroughly examined every part of it1 in spite of difficulties and perils of the gravest character3 for example1 the refusal of his guides to accompany him2 dangers resulting from the intricacy of the passages1 from the necessity for clearing a way through galleries choked up with earth which fell in from above almost as fast as it was removed2 hazards arising from the difficulty of damming up streams of water which ran in upon them from above1 and from the foulness of the air and consequent difficulty of breathing and preserving light in the lower chambers2--all these1 and many other perils1 have been overcome by the honorable perseverance of ,m4 ,perret1 and he has returned to ,france with a collection of drawings which extends to #cfj sheets in large folio2 of which #aed sheets contain representations of frescoes1 #fe of monuments1 #bc of paintings on glass 7medallions inserted in the walls and at the bottoms of vases7 containing #hf subjects1 #da drawings of lamps1 vases1 rings1 and instruments of martyrdom to the number of more than #ajj subjects1 and finally #ij contain copies of more than #ejj sepulchral inscriptions4 ,of the #aed drawings of frescoes two-thirds are inedited1 and a considerable number have been only lately discovered4 ,amongst the latter are the paintings on the celebrated wells of ,platonia1 said to have been the place of interment1 for a certain period1 of ,st4 ,peter and ,st4 ,paul4 ,this spot was ornamented with frescoes by order of ,pope ,damasus1 about ,a4,d4 #cfe1 and has ever since remained closed up4 ,upon opening the empty tomb1 by permission of the ,roman government1 ,m4 ,perret discovered fresco paintings representing the ,saviour and the ,apostles1 and two coffins tombeaux of ,parian marble4 ,on the return of ,m4 ,perret to ,france1 the minister of the interior 7,m4 ,leon ,faucher7 entered into treaty with him for the acquisition of his collection for the nation4 ,the purchase has been arranged1 and the necessary amount1 upwards of #g1ejjl41 obtained by a special vote of the ,national ,assembly4 ,the drawings will be published by the ,french government in a style commensurate with their high importance1 both as works of art and as invaluable monuments of ,christian antiquity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,dr4 ,,jecker has left the ,paris ,academy of ,sciences #dj1jjj to found an annual prize in organic chemistry4 ,recent ,deaths4 ,the celebrated ,mrs4 ,,sherwood1 the most popular and universally known female writer of the last generation1 died on the #bb;d of ,september1 at ,twickenham1 in ,england4 ,she was a daughter of ,dr4 ,george ,butt1 chaplain to ,george ,,iii41 vicar of ,kidderminster1 and rector of ,stanford1 in the county of ,worcester4 ,dr4 ,butt was the representative of the family of ,sir ,william ,de ,butts1 well known as physician to ,henry ,,viii41 and mentioned as such by ,shakspeare4 ,mary ,martha ,butt1 afterwards ,mrs4 ,sherwood1 was born at ,stanford1 ,worcestershire1 on the #fth of ,may1 #agge4 ,in #ahjc she married her cousin1 ,henry ,sherwood1 of the #ec;d regiment of foot4 ,in #ahje she accompanied her husband to ,india1 where1 in consequence of her zealous labors in the cause of religion amongst the soldiers and natives dwelling around her1 ,henry ,martyn and the ,right ,rev4 ,daniel ,corrie1 ,d4,d41 late ,bishop of ,madras1 became acquainted with her1 and the intimacy which then commenced also remained unbroken until death4 ,her principal works were that favorite tale of ,little ,henry and his ,bearer1 ,the ,lady of the ,manor1 ,the ,church ,catechism1 ,the ,nun1 ,henry ,milner1 ,the ,fairchild ,family1 and more recently1 ,the ,golden ,garland of ,inestimable ,delights4 ,in some of her later compositions1 she evinced a tendency to the doctrine of the ,universalists1 which lessened her popularity4 ,the great number of her books prevents an enumeration of even the most popular of them4 ,mrs4 ,sherwood's husband1 ,captain ,sherwood1 expired1 after a most trying illness1 at ,twickenham1 on the #fth of ,december1 #ahdi2 the fatigue she went through1 in devoted attention to him1 and the bereavement she experienced at the severance by fate of a union of nearly half a century1 were the ultimate causes of her own demise4 ,though she was of advanced age1 her mental faculties never failed her1 and she preserved a religious cheerfulness of mind to the last4 ,she expired1 surrounded by her family1 leaving one son1 the ,rev4 ,henry ,martyn ,sherwood1 ,rector of ,broughton-,hacket1 and ,vicar of ,white ,ladies ,aston1 ,worcestershire1 and two daughters4 ,the elder daughter is the wife of a clergyman1 and mother of a numerous family4 ,the younger has always resided with her parent2 she has of late years ably assisted in her mother's writings1 and bids fair to sustain well her reputation4 ,she has been1 we are informed1 intrusted1 by her mother's especial desire1 with the papers containing the records of ,mrs4 ,sherwood's life1 which is intended soon for publication4 ,the editions of ,mrs4 ,sherwood's writings have been numerous4 ,the best is that of the ,harpers1 in ten or twelve volumes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rev4 ,,james ,h4 ,,hotchkiss1 died at ,prattsburgh1 ,steuben county1 ,new-,york1 on ,september #b;d1 aged seventy years4 ,he was the author of a ,history of the ,churches in ,western ,new-,york1 published in a large octavo volume1 about two years ago1 and had just preached his half-century sermon4 ,he was the son of ,rev4 ,beriah ,hotchkiss1 the pioneer missionary of large sections of the ,state of ,new-,york4 ,the son graduated at ,williams ,college1 #ahjj2 studied theology with ,dr4 ,porter1 of ,catskill1 was ordained by an ,association1 installed at ,east ,bloomfield in #ahjb1 removed to ,prattsburgh in #ahji1 and there labored twenty-one years4 ,the ,genesee ,evangelist gives the following sketch of his character3 ,he had a mind of a strong1 masculine order1 well disciplined by various reading1 and remarkably stored with general knowledge4 ,the doctrinal views of the good old orthodox ,new ,england stamp1 which he imbibed at first1 he maintained strenuously to the last2 and left a distinct impression of them wherever he had an opportunity to inculcate them4 ,his labors1 through the half-century1 were 'abundant1' and indefatigable2 and to him1 more than to any other one man probably1 is the ,genesee country indebted for its present literary1 moral and religious character4 ,under his ministry there were many religious revivals1 and some signal ones1 especially in ,prattsburgh4 ,the years #ahai and #ahbe were eminently signalized in this way4 ,he had the happiness of closing his life in the scenes of his greatest usefulness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brigadier-,,general ,,henry ,,whiting1 of the ,quartermaster's ,department1 died at ,st ,louis1 ,mo41 on the #afth of ,september4 ,he arrived at ,st ,louis1 as we learn from the ,republican of the #agth1 on ,sunday1 the #adth1 from a tour of official duty in ,texas1 being in his usual health4 ,on ,tuesday afternoon1 while in his room at the ,planter's ,house1 he was1 without any premonition whatever1 stricken dead instantaneously4 ,the cause of his death1 in all probability1 was an affection of the heart4 ,his remains were taken to ,jefferson ,barracks on the #agth1 for interment4 ,gen4 ,whiting1 who was among the oldest officers of the army1 was a native of ,lancaster1 in ,massachusetts1 a son of ,gen4 ,john ,whiting1 also a native of that place4 ,he was not only an accomplished officer in the department in which he has spent a large portion of his life1 but he made extensive scientific and literary attainments1 and was a gentleman of great private worth4 ,in hours stolen from official duties1 he was for many years a large contributor to the literature of the country4 ,his articles which from time to time appeared in the ,north-,american ,review1 were of an eminently practical and useful character1 and highly creditable to his scholarship and sound judgment4 ,the biographical sketch of the late ,president ,taylor1 in a recent number1 confined chiefly to his military life1 and embracing a graphic description of the extraordinary successes in ,mexico1 was from ,gen4 ,whiting's pen4 ,he published a few years ago an important collection of the ,general ,orders of ,washington4 ,he was deserving of praise also as a poet and as a dramatic author4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,commodore ,,lewis ,,warrington1 of the ,united ,states navy1 died in ,washington1 on the #abth ,october1 after a painful illness4 ,he was a native of ,virginia1 and was born in ,november1 #aghb4 ,from a sketch of his life in the ,herald1 it appears that he entered the navy on the #fth of ,january1 #ahjj1 and soon after joined the frigate ,chesapeake1 then lying at ,norfolk4 ,in this ship he remained on the ,west ,india station until ,may1 #ahja1 when he returned to the ,united ,states and joined the frigate ,president1 under ,commodore ,dale1 and soon blockaded ,tripoli until #ahjb1 when he again returned to the ,united ,states1 and joined the frigate ,new-,york1 which sailed1 and remained on the ,mediterranean station until #ahjc4 ,on his return from the ,mediterranean he was ordered to the ,vixen1 and again joined the squadron which had lately left1 where he remained during the attack on the gun-boats and batteries of ,tripoli1 in which the ,vixen always took part4 ,in ,november1 #ahjd1 he was made acting lieutenant2 and in ,july1 #ahje1 he joined the brig ,siren1 a junior lieutenant4 ,in ,march1 #ahjf1 he joined the ,enterprise1 as first lieutenant1 and did not return to the ,united ,states until ,july1 #ahjg--;an absence of four years4 ,after his return in #ahjg he was ordered to the command of a gun-boat on the ,norfolk station1 then under the command of ,commodore ,decatur4 ,this was a position calculated to damp the ardor of the young officer1 as it was so far below several he had filled4 ,he1 however1 maintained his usual bearing for two years1 when he was again ordered to the ,siren as first lieutenant4 ,on the return of this vessel from ,europe1 whither she went with dispatches1 ,lieut4 ,warrington was ordered to the ,essex1 as her first lieutenant1 in ,september of the same year4 ,in the ,essex he cruised on the ,american coast1 and again carried out dispatches for the government1 returning in #ahab4 ,he was then ordered to the frigate ,congress as her first lieutenant1 and sailed1 on the declaration of war1 with the squadron under ,commodore ,rodgers1 to intercept the ,british ,west ,india fleet1 which was only avoided by the latter in consequence of a heavy fog1 which continued for fourteen days4 ,he remained in the ,congress until #ahac1 when he became first lieutenant of the frigate ,united ,states1 in which he remained until his promotion to the rank of master commandant1 soon after which he took command of the sloop-of-war ,peacock4 ,while cruising in the ,peacock1 in latitude #bg deg4 #dj min41 he encountered the ,british brig-of-war ,epervier4 ,his own letter to the ,secretary of the ,navy1 descriptive of that encounter1 is as follows3 ,at ,sea1 ,april #bi1 #ahad4 ,,sir3--,i have the honor to inform you that we have this morning captured1 after an action of forty-two minutes1 his ,britannic ,majesty's brig ,epervier1 rating and mounting eighteen thirty-two pound cannonades1 with one hundred and twenty-eight men1 of whom eleven were killed and fifteen wounded1 according to the best information we could obtain4 ,among the latter is her first lieutenant1 who has lost an arm1 and received a severe splinter wound in the hip4 ,not a man in the ,peacock was killed1 and only two wounded1 neither dangerously4 ,the fate of the ,epervier would have been decided in much less time1 but for the circumstance of our foreyard having been totally disabled by two round-shot in the starboard quarter1 from her first broadside1 which entirely deprived us of the use of our fore-topsails1 and compelled us to keep the ship large throughout the remainder of the action4 ,this1 with a few topmast and topgallant backstays cut away1 and a few shot through our sails1 is the only injury the ,peacock has sustained4 ,not a round-shot touched our hull1 and our masts and spars are as sound as ever4 ,when the enemy struck he had five feet of water in his hold2 his maintopmast was over the side2 his mainboom shot away2 his foremast cut nearly away1 and tottering2 his forerigging and stays shot away2 his bowsprit badly wounded1 and forty-five shot-holes in his hull1 twenty of which were within a foot of his water-line1 above and below4 ,by great exertions we got her in sailing order just as night came on4 ,in fifteen minutes after the enemy struck1 the ,peacock was ready for another action1 in every respect1 except the foreyard1 which was sent down1 fished1 and we had the foresail set again in forty-five minutes--such was the spirit and activity of our gallant crew4 ,the ,epervier had under convoy an ,english hermaphrodite brig1 a ,russian1 and a ,spanish ship1 which all hauled their wind1 and stood to the ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 ,i had determined upon pursuing the former1 but found that it would not be prudent to leave our prize in her then crippled state1 and the more particularly so as we found she had on board one hundred and twenty thousand dollars in specie4 ,every officer1 seaman1 and marine did his duty1 which is the highest compliment ,i can pay them4 ,i am1 c41 ,l4 ,,warrington4 ,capt4 ,warrington brought his prize safely home1 and was received with great honor1 because of his success in the encounter4 ,in the early part of the year #ahae1 he sailed in the squadron under ,commodore ,decatur1 for a cruise in the ,indian ,ocean4 ,the ,peacock and ,hornet were obliged to separate in chasing1 and did not again meet until they arrived at ,tristan d',acunha1 the place appointed for rendezvous4 ,after leaving that place1 the ,peacock met with a ,british line-of-battle ship1 from which she escaped1 and gained the ,straits of ,sunda1 where she captured four vessels1 one of which was a brig of fourteen guns1 belonging to the ,east ,india ,company's service4 ,from this vessel ,captain ,warrington first heard of the ratification of peace4 ,he then returned to the ,united ,states4 ,while in command of the ,peacock1 ,capt4 ,warrington captured nineteen vessels1 three of which were given up to prisoners1 and sixteen destroyed4 ,since the close of the war1 ,commodore ,warrington has filled many responsible stations in the service for a long time1 having been on shore-duty for twenty-eight years4 ,he was appointed one of the ,board of ,naval ,commissioners1 and subsequently held the post of chief of the ,bureau of ,ordnance in the ,navy ,department1 which post he held at the time of his death4 ,his whole career of service extended through a period of more than fifty-one years1 during all of which time he was respected1 and held as one of the most prominent officers of the ,united ,states navy4 ,at the time of his death there was but one older officer in service4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,john ,,kidd1 ,m4,d41 of the ,university of ,oxford1 died suddenly early in ,september4 ,he was formerly ,professor of ,chemistry1 and since #ahbb ,regius ,professor of ,medicine4 ,dr4 ,kidd did good service in his time1 as his publications testify1 in various departments of mineralogical1 chemical1 and geological research1 and about ten years ago he put forth some observations on medical reform4 ,dr4 ,kidd was one of the eminent men selected under the ,earl of ,bridgewater's will to write one of the well-known ,bridgewater ,treatises4 ,the subject was1 ,on the ,adaptation of ,external ,nature to the ,physical ,condition of ,man4 ,together with the ,regius ,professorship of ,medicine1 to which the mastership of ,ewelme ,hospital1 in the county of ,oxford1 is attached1 ,dr4 ,kidd held the office of librarian to the ,radcliffe ,library4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,earl ,,of ,,donoughmore died on the #abth of ,september1 at ,palmerstown ,house1 county of ,dublin1 in the sixty-fourth year of his age4 ,he was lord-lieutenant of the county of ,tipperary1 and had a seat in the ,house of ,lords as a ,british peer with the title of ,viscount ,hutchinson1 of ,knocklofty1 but will be better remembered in history as the gallant ,colonel ,hutchinson1 who was one of the parties implicated in the celebrated escape of ,lavalette1 in the year #ahae1 shortly after the restoration of the ,bourbons4 ,he is succeeded in his extensive estates in the south of ,ireland by ,viscount ,suirdale1 his lordship's son by his first wife1 the daughter of the ,lord ,mountjoy1 who lost his life in the royal service during the ,irish rebellion of #agih4 ,,william ,,nicol1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 died in ,edinburgh on the #bnd of ,september1 in his eighty-third year4 ,mr4 ,nicol commenced his career as assistant to the late ,dr4 ,moyes1 the eminent blind lecturer on natural philosophy4 ,dr4 ,moyes1 at his death1 bequeathed his apparatus to ,mr4 ,nicol1 who then lectured on the same subject4 ,his contributions to the ,edinburgh ,philosophical ,journal were various and valuable2 the more important being his description of his successful repetition of ,doebereiner's celebrated experiment of igniting spongy platina by a stream of cold hydrogen gas2 and his method of preparing fossil woods for microscopic investigation1 which led to his discovery of the structural difference between the arucarian and coniferous woods1 by far the most important in fossil botany4 ,but the most valuable contribution to physical science1 with which his name will ever be associated1 was his invention of the single image prism of calcareous spar1 known to the scientific world as ,nicol's prism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,rev4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,freeman1 the well-known ,english missionary1 died on the #hth of ,september at the baths of ,homburg1 in ,germany1 of an attack of rheumatic fever4 ,mr4 ,freeman had only a little while before returned home from a visit to the mission stations in ,south ,africa1 and his latest important labor was the writing of a volume1 in which the social1 spiritual1 and political condition of ,south ,africa was depicted4 ,mr4 ,freeman was fifty-seven years of age4 ,he was born in ,london1 educated at ,hoxton ,academy1 and after many years of successful devotion to his profession in ,england1 he proceeded in #ahbg to ,madagascar1 under the direction of the ,london ,missionary ,society1 and for nine years labored there with eminent energy and success4 ,the share he had in translating the ,scriptures1 in preparing school-books1 and in superintending the mission schools1 cannot be recited in this brief sketch1 but was such as greatly facilitated the progress of the ,christian religion1 till1 in #ahce1 the queen proscribed ,christianity1 and virtually expelled the missionaries from the island4 ,mr4 ,freeman then went to the ,cape of ,good ,hope1 where he became much interested in ,south ,african missions1 but the ill health of his wife compelled his return to ,england1 where he arrived about the end of #ahcf4 ,new duties and labors now awaited him2 he had to confer with the directors1 and to visit the constituents of the ,london ,missionary ,society in all parts of the kingdom4 ,the want of an ,institution for the education of the daughters of missionaries having been strongly felt1 he took a leading part in the establishment of a school for that purpose in the village of ,walthamstow1 where he had become connected with the congregational church4 ,in #ahda1 the loss of health having obliged the ,rev4 ,william ,ellis to relinquish his official connection with the ,london ,missionary ,society1 he was appointed foreign secretary1 and appeared at the annual meeting of that year in that capacity1 and shared with ,dr4 ,tidman the labor of reading the report4 ,how faithfully he fulfilled the duties of that office at home1 and at what risk of health and life he sought1 in a late voyage to the ,mauritius1 and journey throughout ,southern ,africa1 to inform himself and the ,society of the true state of affairs1 both in ,madagascar and ,caffraria1 his publications will show4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,james ,,richardson1 the enterprising ,african traveller1 died on the #dth of ,march last1 at a small village called ,ungurutua1 six days distant from ,kouka1 the capital of ,bornou4 ,early in ,january1 he and the companions of his mission1 ,drs4 ,barth and ,overweg1 arrived at the immense plain of ,damergou1 when1 after remaining a few days1 they separated1 ,dr4 ,barth proceeding to ,kanu1 ,dr4 ,overweg to ,guber1 and ,mr4 ,richardson taking the direct route to ,kouka1 by ,zinde4 ,there it would seem his strength began to give way1 and before he had arrived twelve days' distance from ,kouka1 he became seriously ill1 suffering much from the oppressive heat of the sun4 ,having reached a large town called ,kangarras1 he halted three days1 and feeling himself refreshed he renewed his journey4 ,after two days1 during which his weakness greatly increased1 he arrived at the ,waddy ,mallaha4 ,leaving this place on the #c;d of ,march1 he reached in two hours the village of ,ungurutua1 when he became so weak that he was unable to proceed4 ,in the evening he took a little food and tried to sleep--but became very restless1 and left his tent supported by his servant4 ,he then took some tea and threw himself again on his bed1 but did not sleep4 ,his attendants having made some coffee1 he asked for a cup1 but had no strength to hold it4 ,he repeated several times1 ,i have no strength2 and after having pronounced the name of his wife1 sighed deeply1 and expired without a struggle about two hours after midnight4 ,early in the morning1 the body wrapped in linen1 and covered with a carpet1 was borne to a grave four feet deep1 under the shade of a large tree1 close to the village1 followed by all the principal ,sheichs and people of the district4 99 99 99 99 99 ,those who have read--and very few persons of middle age in this country have not read--the interesting and somewhat apocryphal narrative of ,captain ,riley's shipwreck on the coast of ,africa and long experience of suffering as a slave among the ,arabs1 will remember the amiable ,british ,consul of ,mogadore1 in ,barbary1 ,mr4 ,,william ,,willshire4 ,while ,capt4 ,riley1 ,mr4 ,robbins1 and others of the crew of the ,commerce 7which was the name of the ,american ship that was wrecked71 were in the midst of the great desert1 in utter helplessness1 ,mr4 ,willshire heard of some of them1 and came to their relief with money and provisions1 and paid1 himself1 the price of their ransom1 redeeming them from an otherwise perpetual captivity4 ,he took the afflicted and worn-out ,americans to his own house at ,mogadore1 made them1 after long suffering and privation1 enjoy the luxuries of a bed and the comforts of a home1 his wife and daughters uniting with him to alleviate their sufferings1 and he afterwards supplied them with the necessary money and provided them the means of a return to their own country4 ,riley1 in the latter part of his life1 settled in ,ohio1 where the name of ,willshire has been given to the town in which he lived1 and we believe our government made some demonstration of the general feeling of gratefulness with which the ,american people regarded ,mr4 ,willshire's noble conduct in this case4 ,mr4 ,willshire was a model for consuls1 and was kept constantly in service by his government4 ,several years ago he was appointed to ,adrianople1 where he died suddenly1 at an advanced age1 on the #dth of ,august4 ,the ,paris papers announce the death at the age of seventy-six1 of ,m4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,dubois1--director successively of the ,gaite1 the ,porte-,saint-,martin1 and the ,opera1 under the ,restoration1--and author of a great variety of pieces played in the different theatres of ,paris thirty or forty years ago4 ,,gustav ,,carlin1 the author of several historical essays1 and a novel founded on ,mexican legends1 died in ,berlin on the #aeth of ,september1 aged sixty-nine4 ,he resided several years in ,new-,york1 we believe as a political correspondent of some ,german newspaper4 ,ladies' ,autumn ,fashions4 ,the light dresses of the summer1 with unimportant apparent changes1 were retained this year later than usual1 but at length the more sober colors and heavier material of the autumn have taken their places4 ,there are indications that furs will be much worn this season1 and there are a variety of new patterns4 ,we select-- ,illustration ,i4 ,the ,palatine ,royale in ,ermine1 for illustration and description4 ,the palatine royale is a fur victorine of novel form1 and it may fairly claim precedence as being the first article of winter costume prepared in anticipation of the approaching change of season4 ,the addition of a hood1 which is lined with quilted silk1 and bound with a band of ermine1 not only adds to its warmth1 but renders it exceedingly convenient for the opera and theatres4 ,this hood1 we may mention1 can be fixed on and removed at pleasure2 an obvious advantage1 which no lady will fail to appreciate4 ,to the lower part of the hood is attached a large white silk tassel4 ,we must direct particular attention to the new fastening attached to the palatine royale4 ,this fastening is formed of an ,india-rubber band and steel clasp1 by means of which the palatine will fit comfortably to the throat of any lady4 ,the band and clasp being in the inside are not visible1 and on the outside there is an elegant fancy ornament of white silk1 of the description which the ,french call a brandebourg4 ,illustration ,,ii4 ,a ,palatine in ,sable1 has the same form and make as that just described1 except that our engraving shows the back of one made of sable instead of ermine4 ,the hood is lined with brown sable-colored silk1 and the tassel and brandebourg are of silk of the same color4 ,we need scarcely mention that the color employed for lining the hood1 and for the silk ornaments1 is wholly optional1 and may be determined by the taste of the wearer4 ,illustration ,the first figure in the above engraving1 displays a very handsome ,walking ,dress4 ,it is of steel-color poult de soie1 trimmed in a very novel and elegant style with bouillonnees of ribbon4 ,the ribbon employed for these bouillonnees is steel color1 figured and edged with lilac4 ,the bouillonnees1 which are disposed as side-trimmings on the skirt of the dress1 are set on in rows obliquely1 and graduated in length1 the lowest now being about a quarter of a yard long4 ,the corsage is a pardessus of the same material as the dress2 the basque slit up at each side1 and the pardessus edged all round with ribbon bouillonnee4 ,the sleeves are demi-long1 and loose at the ends1 and slit up on the outside of the arm4 ,loose under-sleeves of muslin1 edged with a double frill of needlework4 ,the pardessus has under-fronts of white cambric or coutil1 thus presenting precisely the effect of a gentleman's waistcoat4 ,this gilet corsage1 as it is termed by the ,french dressmakers1 has recently been gaining rapid favor among the ,parisian belles4 ,that which our illustration represents has a row of buttons up the front1 and a pocket at each side4 ,it is open at the upper part1 showing a chemisette of lace4 ,bonnet of fancy straw and crinoline in alternate rows1 lined with drawn white silk1 and trimmed with white ribbon4 ,on one side1 a white knotted feather4 ,undertrimming1 bouquets of white and lilac flowers1 mixed with white tulle4 ,over this dress may be worn a rich ,india cashmere shawl4 ,in the second figure we have an example of the heavy and large plaided silks1 and generally our latest ,parisian plates1 like this1 exhibit the use of deep fringes4 ,flounces of ribbon are in vogue to a degree1 but are not likely to be much worn4 ,it will be seen by the first figure on this page that the ,european ladies are approximating to the styles of gentlemen in the upper parts of their costume1 as ,american women seem disposed to imitation in the matter of inexpressibles4 ,attempts to introduce the style of dress worn by the lower orders of women in ,northern ,europe have failed as decidedly in ,england as in this country4