,,preface ,,to ,,major ,,b>b>a3 ,,fir/  
,,aid ,,to ,,critics   ,,b]n>d ,,%aw    
,n4,b4 ,! ,euripidean v]ses 9 ! second  
act ( ,major ,b>b>a are n by me1 or ev5 
directly by ,euripides4 ,!y are by      
,pr(essor ,gilb]t ,murray1 ^: ,engli%   
v]sion ( ,! ,bac*a2 came into our       
dramatic lit]ature ) all ! impulsive p[]
 ( an orig9al "w %ortly be=e ,major     
,b>b>a 0 begun4 ,! play1 inde$1 /&s     
indebt$ to him 9 m ways ?an "o4  ,g4 ,b4
 ,s4    ,be=e deal+ ) ! deep] aspects ( 
,major ,b>b>a1 let me1 = ! cr$it (      
,engli% lit]ature1 make a prote/ aga9/  
an unpatriotic habit into :i* _m ( my   
critics h fall54 ,:5ev] my view /rikes  
!m z be+ at all outside ! range (1 say1 
an ord9>y suburban *ur*w>d51 !y conclude
 t ,i am e*o+ ,s*op5hau]1 ,nietzs*e1    
,ibs51 ,/r9db]g1 ,tol/oy1 or "s o!r     
h]esi>* 9 nor!rn or ea/]n ,europe4  ,i  
confess !re is some?+ flatt]+ 9 ?is     
simple fai? 9 my accompli%m5t z a l+ui/ 
& my erudition z a philosoph]4 ,b ,i _c 
tol]ate ! assumption t life & lit]ature 

is s poor 9 ^! isl&s t we mu/ g abroad =
 all dramatic mat]ial t is n common &   
all ideas t are n sup]ficial4 ,i !re=e  
v5ture to put my critics 9 possession ( 
c]ta9 facts conc]n+ my contact ) mod]n  
ideas4  ,ab\t half a c5tury ago1 an     
,iri% noveli/1 ,*>les ,lev]1 wrote a    
/ory entitl$ ,a ,day's ,ride3 ,a ,life's
 ,romance4 ,x 0 publi%$ by ,*>les       
,dick5s 9 ,h\sehold ,words1 & prov$ s   
/range to ! public ta/e t ,dick5s press$
 ,lev] to make %ort "w ( x4 ,i read     
scraps ( ?is novel :5 ,i 0 a *ild2 & x  
made an endur+ impression on me4 ,! h]o 
0 a v romantic h]o1 try+ to live        
bravely1 *ivalr\sly1 & p[]fully by d9t (
 m]e romance-f$ imag9ation1 )\t c\rage1 
)\t means1 )\t k1 )\t skill1 )\t any?+  
real except 8 bodily appetites4 ,ev5 9  
my *ildhood ,i f\nd 9 ?is poor devil's  
unsuccessful enc\nt]s ) ! facts ( life1 
a poignant quality t romantic fiction   
lack$4 ,! book1 9 spite ( its fir/      
failure1 is n dead3 ,i saw its title !  
o!r day 9 ! catalogue ( ,tau*nitz4  ,n[ 

:y is x t :5 ,i also deal 9 !           
tragi-comic irony ( ! conflict betwe5   
real life & ! romantic imag9ation1 no   
critic ev] affiliates me to my c\ntryman
 & imm$iate =]unn]1 ,*>les ,lev]1 :il/  
!y confid5tly d]ive me f a ,norwegian   
au?or ( ^: language ,i d n "k ?ree      
words1 & ( :om ,i knew no?+ until ye>s  
aft] ! ,%avian ,ans*auung 0 already     
unequivocally decl>$ 9 books full ( :at 
came1 t5 ye>s lat]1 to be p]functorily  
labell$ ,ibs5ism4 ,i 0 n ,ibs5i/ ev5 at 
second h&2 = ,lev]1 ?\gh he may h read  
,h5ri ,beyle1 alias ,/5dhal1 c]ta9ly    
nev] read ,ibs54 ,( ! books t made ,lev]
 popul>1 su* z ,*>les ,o',malley & ,h>ry
 ,lorrequ]1 ,i "k no?+ b ! names & "s ( 
! illu/rations4 ,b ! /ory ( ! day's ride
 & life's romance ( ,potts 7claim+      
alliance ) ,pozzo di ,borgo7 caught me &
 fasc9at$ me z some?+ /range &          
significant1 ?\gh ,i already knew all   
ab\t ,alnas*> & ,don ,quixote & ,simon  
,tapp]tit & _m ano!r romantic h]o mock$ 
by reality4 ,f ! plays ( ,ari/ophanes to

 ! tales ( ,/ev5son t mock]y has be5    
made famili> to all :o are prop]ly      
saturat$ ) lett]s4  ,:]e1 !n1 0 !       
novelty 9 ,lev]'s tale8 ,p>tly1 ,i ?9k1 
9 a new s]i\sness 9 deal+ ) ,potts's    
disease4 ,=m]ly1 ! contra/ betwe5       
madness & sanity 0 deem$ comic3 ,hog>?  
%[s u h[ fa%ionable p w5t 9 p>ties to   
,b$lam to laugh at ! lunatics4 ,i myself
 h _h a village idiot exhibit$ to me z  
"s ?+ irresi/ibly funny4 ,on ! /age !   
madman 0 once a regul> comic figure2 t 0
 h[ ,hamlet got 8 opportunity be=e      
,%akespe> t\*$ him4 ,! orig9ality (     
,%akespe>'s v]sion lay 9 8 tak+ !       
lunatic sympa!tically & s]i\sly1 & !reby
 mak+ an advance t[>ds ! ea/]n          
consci\sness ( ! fact t lunacy may be   
inspiration 9 disguise1 s9ce a man :o   
has m bra9s ?an 8 fell[s necess>ily     
appe>s z mad to !m z "o :o has less4 ,b 
,%akespe> did n d = ,pi/ol & ,p>olles   
:at he did = ,hamlet4 ,! p>ticul> sort (
 madman !y repres5t$1 ! romantic        
makebeliev]1 lay outside ! pale (       

sympa?y 9 lit]ature3 he 0 pitilessly    
despis$ & ridicul$ "h z he 0 9 ! ea/ "u 
! "n ( ,alnas*>1 & 0 doom$ to be1       
c5turies lat]1 "u ! "n ( ,simon         
,tapp]tit4 ,:5 ,c]vantes rel5t$ ov] ,don
 ,quixote1 & ,dick5s rel5t$ ov]         
,pickwick1 !y did n become imp>tial3 !y 
simply *ang$ sides1 & became fri5ds &   
apologi/s :]e !y _h =m]ly be5 mock]s4   
,9 ,lev]'s /ory !re is a real *ange (   
attitude4 ,!re is no rel5t+ t[>ds       
,potts3 he nev] ga9s our affections l   
,don ,quixote & ,pickwick3 he has n ev5 
! infatuate c\rage ( ,tapp]tit4 ,b we   
d>e n laugh at him1 because1 someh[1 we 
recognize ourselves 9 ,potts4 ,we may1  
"s ( u1 h en\gh n]ve1 en\gh muscle1     
en\gh luck1 en\gh tact or skill or      
address or k to c>ry ?+s (f bett] ?an he
 did2 to impose on ! p :o saw ?r\gh him2
 to fasc9ate ,kat9ka 7:o cut ,potts s   
ru?lessly at ! end ( ! /ory72 b = all t1
 we "k t ,potts plays an enorm\s "p 9   
ourselves & 9 ! _w1 & t ! social problem
 is n a problem ( /ory-book h]oes ( !   

old] patt]n1 b a problem ( ,pottses1 & (
 h[ to make m5 ( !m4 ,to fall back on my
 old phrase1 we h ! feel+--"o t         
,alnas*>1 ,pi/ol1 ,p>olles1 & ,tapp]tit 
nev] gave u--t ,potts is a piece (      
really sci5tific natural hi/ory z       
di/+ui%$ f comic /ory tell+4 ,8 au?or is
 n ?r[+ a /one at a creature ( ano!r &  
inf]ior ord]1 b mak+ a confession1 ) !  
effect t ! /one hits ev]ybody full 9 !  
consci5ce & causes _! self-e/eem to sm>t
 v sorely4 ,h5ce ! failure ( ,lev]'s    
book to please ! read]s ( ,h\sehold     
,words4 ,t pa9 9 ! self-e/eem n[adays   
causes critics to raise a cry (         
,ibs5ism4 ,i !re=e assure !m t !        
s5sation fir/ came to me f ,lev] & may h
 come to him f ,beyle1 or at lea/ out ( 
! ,/5dhalian atmosph]e4 ,i exclude !    
hypo!sis ( complete orig9ality on       
,lev]'s "p1 because a man c no m be     
completely orig9al 9 t s5se ?an a tree c
 gr[ out ( air4  ,ano!r mi/ake z to my  
lit]>y ance/ry is made :5ev] ,i violate 
! romantic conv5tion t all wom5 are     

angels :5 !y are n devils2 t !y are     
bett] look+ ?an m52 t _! "p 9 c\rt%ip is
 entirely passive2 & t ! human female =m
 is ! mo/ beautiful object 9 nature4    
,s*op5hau] wrote a spl5etic essay :i*1 z
 x is nei!r polite nor pr(\nd1 0        
probably int5d$ to knock ?is nons5se    
viol5tly on ! head4 ,a s5t5ce d5\nc+ !  
idoliz$ =m z ugly has be5 l>gely quot$4 
,! ,engli% critics h read t s5t5ce2 & ,i
 mu/ "h affirm1 ) z mu* g5tl5ess z !    
implication w be>1 t x has yet to be    
prov$ t !y h dipp$ any deep]4 ,at all   
ev5ts1 :5ev] an ,engli% playwright      
repres5ts a "y & m>riageable woman z be+
 any?+ b a romantic h]o9e1 he is dispos$
 ( )\t fur!r ?\ght z an e*o (           
,s*op5hau]4 ,my own case is a specially 
h>d "o1 because1 :5 ,i implore ! critics
 :o are obsess$ ) ! ,s*op5haurian =mula 
to rememb] t playwrights1 l sculptors1  
/udy _! figures f life1 & n f           
philosophic essays1 !y reply            
passionately t ,i am n a playwright & t 
my /age figures d n live4 ,b ev5 s1 ,i  

may & d ask !m :y1 if !y mu/ give !     
cr$it ( my plays to a philosoph]1 !y d n
 give x to an ,engli% philosoph]8 ,long 
be=e ,i ev] read a ^w by ,s*op5hau]1 or 
ev5 knew :e!r he 0 a philosoph] or a    
*emi/1 ! ,sociali/ revival ( !          
eighte5-eighties br\ght me into contact1
 bo? lit]>y & p]sonal1 ) ,mr ,erne/     
,bel=t ,bax1 an ,engli% ,sociali/ &     
philosophic essayi/1 ^: h&l+ ( mod]n    
fem9ism w\ld provoke romantic prote/s f 
,s*op5hau] himself1 or ev5 ,/r9db]g4 ,z 
a matt] ( fact ,i h>dly notic$          
,s*op5hau]'s disp>agem5ts ( wom5 :5 !y  
came "u my notice lat] on1 s ?or\ghly _h
 ,mr ,bax famili>iz$ me ) ! homoi/      
attitude1 & =c$ me to recognize ! ext5t 
to :i* public op9ion1 & consequ5tly     
legislation & jurisprud5ce1 is corrupt$ 
by fem9i/ s5tim5t4  ,b ,mr ,bax's essays
 7 n conf9$ to ! ,fem9i/ "q4 ,he 0 a    
ru?less critic ( curr5t morality4 ,o!r  
writ]s h ga9$ sympa?y = dramatic        
crim9als by elicit+ ! alleg$ s\l (      
goodness 9 ?+s evil2 b ,mr ,bax w\ld    

prop\nd "s q undramatic & app>5tly %abby
 violation ( our comm]cial law &        
morality1 & n m]ely def5d x ) ! mo/     
disconc]t+ +5uity1 b actually prove x to
 be a positive duty t no?+ b ! c]ta9ty (
 police p]secution %\ld prev5t e "r-m9d$
 man f at once do+ on pr9ciple4 ,!      
,sociali/s 7 naturally %ock$1 be+ = !   
mo/ "p morbidly moral p2 b at all ev5ts 
!y 7 sav$ lat] on f ! delusion t nobody 
b ,nietzs*e _h ev] *all5g$ our          
m]canto-,*ri/ian morality4 ,i fir/ he>d 
! "n ( ,nietzs*e f a ,g]man ma!matician1
 ,miss ,bor*>dt1 :o _h read my          
,qu9tess5ce ( ,ibs5ism1 & told me t %e  
saw :at ,i _h be5 read+3 namely1        
,nietzs*e's ,j5seits von ,gut & ,bose4  
,:i* ,i prote/ ,i _h nev] se51 & c\ld n 
h read ) any com=t1 = want ( ! necess>y 
,g]man1 if ,i _h se5 x4  ,nietzs*e1 l   
,s*op5hau]1 is ! victim 9 ,engl& ( a    
s+le mu* quot$ s5t5ce conta9+ ! phrase  
big blonde bea/4 ,on ! /r5g? ( ?is      
allit]ation x is assum$ t ,nietzs*e ga9$
 8 ,european reputation by a s5seless   

glorification ( selfi% bully+ z ! rule (
 life1 j z x is assum$1 on ! /r5g? ( !  
s+le ^w ,sup]man 7,ub]m5s*7 borr[$ by me
 f ,nietzs*e1 t ,i look = ! salvation ( 
society to ! despotism ( a s+le         
,napoleonic ,sup]man1 9 spite ( my      
c>eful demon/ration ( ! folly ( t       
outworn infatuation4 ,b ev5 ! less      
recklessly sup]ficial critics seem to   
believe t ! mod]n objection to          
,*ri/ianity z a p]nici\s slave-morality 
0 fir/ put =w>d by ,nietzs*e4 ,x 0      
famili> to me be=e ,i ev] he>d (        
,nietzs*e4 ,! late ,capta9 ,wilson1     
au?or ( sev]al que] pamphlets1 propag&i/
 ( a metaphysical sy/em call$           
,compreh5sionism1 & inv5tor ( ! t]m     
,cros/ianity to di/+ui% ! retrograde    
elem5t 9 ,*ri/5dom1 0 wont ?irty ye>s   
ago1 9 ! discussions ( ! ,dialectical   
,society1 to prote/ e>ne/ly aga9/ !     
beatitudes ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt z      
excuses = c[>dice & s]vility1 z         
de/ructive ( our w1 & consequ5tly ( our 
honor & manhood4 ,n[ x is true t ,capta9

 ,wilson's moral criticism ( ,*ri/ianity
 0 n a hi/orical !ory ( x1 l            
,nietzs*e's2 b ?is objection _c be made 
to ,mr ,/u>t-,gl5nie1 ! successor (     
,buckle z a philosophic hi/orian1 :o has
 devot$ 8 life to ! elaboration &       
propagation ( 8 !ory t ,*ri/ianity is "p
 ( an epo* 7or r an ab]ration1 s9ce x   
began z rec5tly z #fjjj;,,bc & is       
already collaps+7 produc$ by ! necessity
 9 :i* ! num]ically inf]ior :ite races  
f\nd !mselves to impose _! dom9ation on 
! color$ races by prie/craft1 mak+ a    
virtue & a popul> religion ( drudg]y &  
submissiv5ess 9 ?is _w n only z a means 
( a*iev+ sa9tl9ess ( "* b ( secur+ a    
rew>d 9 heav54 ,"h y h ! slave-morality 
view =mulat$ by a ,scot* philosoph] long
 be=e ,engli% writ]s began *att]+ ab\t  
,nietzs*e4  ,z ,mr ,/u>t-,gl5nie trac$ !
 evolution ( society to ! conflict (    
races1 8 !ory made "s s5sation among    
,sociali/s--t is1 among ! only p :o 7   
s]i\sly ?9k+ ab\t hi/orical evolution at
 all--by its collision ) !              

class-conflict !ory ( ,k>l ,m>x4        
,nietzs*e1 z ,i ga!r1 reg>d$ !          
slave-morality z hav+ be5 inv5t$ &      
impos$ on ! _w by slaves mak+ a virtue (
 necessity & a religion ( _! s]vitude4  
,mr ,/u>t-,gl5nie reg>ds !              
slave-morality z an inv5tion ( ! sup]ior
 :ite race to subjugate ! m9ds ( !      
inf]ior races :om !y wi%$ to exploit1 & 
:o w\ld h de/roy$ !m by =ce ( numb]s if 
_! m9ds _h n be5 subjugat$4 ,z ?is      
process is 9 op]ation /ill1 & c be /udi$
 at fir/ h& n only 9 our ,*ur* s*ools & 
9 ! /ruggle betwe5 our mod]n propriet>y 
classes & ! prolet>iat1 b 9 ! "p play$  
by ,*ri/ian mission>ies 9 reconcil+ !   
black races ( ,africa to _! subjugation 
by ,european ,capitalism1 we c judge =  
ourselves :e!r ! initiative came f above
 or bel[4 ,my object "h is n to argue ! 
hi/orical po9t1 b simply to make our    
!atre critics a%am$ ( _! habit ( treat+ 
,brita9 z an intellectual void1 & assum+
 t e philosophical idea1 e hi/oric !ory1
 e criticism ( our moral1 religi\s &    

juridical in/itutions1 mu/ necess>ily be
 ei!r import$ f abroad1 or else a       
fanta/ic sally 79 r que/ionable ta/e7   
totally unrelat$ to ! exi/+ body (      
?\ght4 ,i urge !m to rememb] t ?is body 
( ?\ght is ! sl[e/ ( gr[?s & ! r>e/ (   
blossom+s1 & t if !re is su* a ?+ on !  
philosophic plane z a matt] ( c\rse1 x  
is t no individual c make m ?an a m9ute 
contribution to x4 ,9 fact1 _!          
conception ( clev] p]sons               
p>!nog5etically br++ =? complete orig9al
 cosmogonies by d9t ( %e] brilliancy is 
"p ( t ignorant cr$ulity :i* is !       
despair ( ! hone/ philosoph]1 & !       
opportunity ( ! religi\s impo/or4    ,,!
 ,,gospel ,,( ,,/4 ,,&rew ,,und]%aft  ,x
 is ?is cr$ulity t drives me to help my 
critics out ) ,major ,b>b>a by tell+ !m 
:at to say ab\t x4 ,9 ! millionaire     
,und]%aft ,i h repres5t$ a man :o has   
become intellectually & spiritually z   
well z practically consci\s ( !         
irresi/ible natural tru? :i* we all     
abhor & repudiate3 to wit1 t ! greate/ (

 evils & ! wor/ ( crimes is pov]ty1 & t 
our fir/ duty--a duty to :i* e o!r      
consid]ation %\ld be sacrific$--is n to 
be poor4 ,poor b hone/1 ! respectable   
poor1 & su* phrases are z intol]able & z
 immoral z drunk5 b amiable1 fraudul5t b
 a good aft]-d9n] speak]1 spl5didly     
crim9al1 or ! l4 ,security1 ! *ief      
pret5ce ( civilization1 _c exi/ :]e !   
wor/ ( dang]s1 ! dang] ( pov]ty1 hangs  
ov] ev]yone's head1 & :]e ! alleg$      
protection ( our p]sons f viol5ce is    
only an accid5tal result ( ! exi/5ce ( a
 police =ce ^: real bus9ess is to =ce ! 
poor man to see 8 *ildr5 />ve :il/ idle 
p ov]fe$ pet dogs ) ! money t might fe$ 
& clo! !m4  ,x is exce$+ly difficult to 
make p realize t an evil is an evil4 ,= 
in/ance1 we seize a man & delib]ately d 
him a malici\s injury3 say1 imprison him
 = ye>s4 ,"o w\ld n suppose t x ne$$ any
 exceptional cle>ness ( wit to recognize
 9 ?is an act ( diabolical cruelty4 ,b 9
 ,engl& su* a recognition provokes a />e
 ( surprise1 foll[$ by an explanation t 

! outrage is puni%m5t or ju/ice or      
some?+ else t is all "r1 or p]haps by a 
heat$ attempt to argue t we %\ld all be 
robb$ & murd]$ 9 our b$s if su* s5seless
 villa9ies z s5t5ces ( imprisonm5t 7 n  
committ$ daily4 ,x is useless to argue t
 ev5 if ?is 7 true1 :i* x is n1 !       
alt]native to add+ crimes ( our own to !
 crimes f :i* we suff] is n helpless    
submission4 ,*ick5pox is an evil2 b if  
,i 7 to decl>e t we mu/ ei!r submit to x
 or else repress x /]nly by seiz+       
ev]yone :o suff]s f x & puni%+ !m by    
inoculation ) smallpox1 ,i %\ld be      
laugh$ at2 = ?\gh nobody c\ld d5y t !   
result w\ld be to prev5t *ick5pox to "s 
ext5t by mak+ p avoid x mu* m c>efully1 
& to effect a fur!r app>5t prev5tion by 
mak+ !m conceal x v anxi\sly1 yet p w\ld
 h s5se en\gh to see t ! delib]ate      
propagation ( smallpox 0 a creation (   
evil1 & mu/ !re=e be rul$ out 9 favor ( 
purely humane & hygi5ic measures4 ,yet 9
 ! precisely p>allel case ( a man break+
 into my h\se & /eal+ my wife's diamonds

 ,i am expect$ z a matt] ( c\rse to /eal
 t5 ye>s ( 8 life1 tortur+ him all ! "t4
 ,if he tries to defeat t mon/r\s       
retaliation by %oot+ me1 my survivors   
hang him4 ,! net result sugge/$ by !    
police /ati/ics is t we inflict atroci\s
 injuries on ! burgl>s we cat* 9 ord] to
 make ! re/ take effectual precautions  
aga9/ detection2 s t in/ead ( sav+ our  
wives' diamonds f burgl>y we only       
greatly decrease our *ances ( ev] gett+ 
!m back1 & increase our *ances ( be+ %ot
 by ! robb] if we are unlucky en\gh to  
di/urb him at 8 "w4  ,b ! ?\ghtless     
wick$ness ) :i* we scatt] s5t5ces (     
imprisonm5t1 torture 9 ! solit>y cell & 
on ! plank b$1 & flogg+1 on moral       
invalids & en]getic rebels1 is z no?+   
comp>$ to ! /upid levity ) :i* we       
tol]ate pov]ty z if x 7 ei!r a :olesome 
tonic = lazy p or else a virtue to be   
embrac$ z ,/ ,francis embrac$ x4 ,if a  
man is indol5t1 let him be poor4 ,if he 
is drunk51 let him be poor4 ,if he is n 
a g5tleman1 let him be poor4 ,if he is  

addict$ to ! f9e arts or to pure sci5ce 
in/ead ( to trade & f9ance1 let him be  
poor4 ,if he *ooses to sp5d 8 urban     
eighte5 %ill+s a week or 8 agricultural 
?irte5 %ill+s a week on 8 be] & 8 family
 in/ead ( sav+ x up = 8 old age1 let him
 be poor4 ,let no?+ be done = !         
undes]v+3 let him be poor4 ,s]ve him "r6
 ,also--some:at inconsi/5tly--bless$ are
 ! poor6  ,n[ :at does ?is ,let ,him ,be
 ,poor mean8 ,x means let him be weak4  
,let him be ignorant4 ,let him become a 
nucleus ( disease4 ,let him be a /&+    
exhibition & example ( ugl9ess & dirt4  
,let him h rickety *ildr54 ,let him be  
*eap & let him drag 8 fell[s d[n to 8   
price by sell+ himself to d _! "w4 ,let 
8 habitations turn our cities into      
poison\s cong]ies ( slums4 ,let 8       
daught]s infect our "y m5 ) ! diseases (
 ! /reets & 8 sons rev5ge him by turn+ !
 nation's manhood into scr(ula1 c[>dice1
 cruelty1 hypocrisy1 political          
imbecility1 & all ! o!r fruits (        
oppression & malnutrition4 ,let !       

undes]v+ become /ill less des]v+2 & let 
! des]v+ lay up = himself1 n treasures 9
 heav51 b horrors 9 hell ^u e>?4 ,?is   
be+ s1 is x really wise to let him be   
poor8 ,w\ld he n d t5 times less h>m z a
 prosp]\s burgl>1 inc5di>y1 ravi%] or   
murd]]1 to ! utmo/ limits ( humanity's  
comp>atively negligible impulses 9 ^!   
directions8 ,suppose we 7 to aboli% all 
p5alties = su* activities1 & decide t   
pov]ty is ! "o ?+ we w n tol]ate--t e   
adult ) less ?an1 say1 #cfe p\nds a ye>1
 %all be pa9lessly b inexorably kill$1 &
 e hungry half nak$ *ild =cibly fatt5$ &
 clo!d1 w\ld n t be an enorm\s          
improvem5t on our exi/+ sy/em1 :i* has  
already de/roy$ s _m civilizations1 & is
 visibly de/roy+ ours 9 ! same way8  ,is
 !re any radicle ( su* legislation 9 our
 p>liam5t>y sy/em8 ,well1 !re are two   
measures j spr\t+ 9 ! political soil1   
:i* may conceivably gr[ to some?+       
valuable4 ,"o is ! in/itution ( a ,legal
 ,m9imum ,wage4 ,! o!r1 ,old ,age       
,p5sions4 ,b !re is a bett] plan ?an    

ei!r ( ^!4 ,"s "t ago ,i m5tion$ !      
subject ( ,univ]sal ,old ,age ,p5sions  
to my fell[ ,sociali/ ,mr               
,cobd5-,s&]son1 fam\s z an              
arti/-craftsman 9 bookb9d+ & pr9t+4 ,:y 
n ,univ]sal ,p5sions = ,life8 said      
,cobd5-,s&]son4 ,9 say+ ?is1 he solv$ ! 
indu/rial problem at a /roke4 ,at pres5t
 we say call\sly to ea* citiz53 ,if y   
want money1 e>n x1 z if 8 hav+ or n hav+
 x 7 a matt] t conc]n$ himself alone4   
,we d n ev5 secure = him ! opportunity (
 e>n+ x3 on ! contr>y1 we all[ our      
indu/ry to be organiz$ 9 op5 dep5d5ce on
 ! ma9t5ance ( a res]ve army ( unemploy$
 = ! sake ( ela/icity4 ,! s5sible c\rse 
w\ld be ,cobd5-,s&]son's3 t is1 to give 
e man en\gh to live well on1 s z to     
gu>antee ! community aga9/ ! possibility
 ( a case ( ! malignant disease (       
pov]ty1 & !n 7necess>ily7 to see t he   
e>n$ x4  ,und]%aft1 ! h]o ( ,major      
,b>b>a1 is simply a man :o1 hav+ grasp$ 
! fact t pov]ty is a crime1 kn[s t :5   
society (f]$ him ! alt]native ( pov]ty  

or a lucrative trade 9 dea? &           
de/ruction1 x (f]$ him1 n a *oice betwe5
 opul5t villa9y & humble virtue1 b      
betwe5 en]getic ent]prise & c[>dly      
infamy4 ,8 conduct /&s ! ,kantian te/1  
:i* ,pet] ,%irley's does n4 ,pet]       
,%irley is :at we call ! hone/ poor man4
 ,und]%aft is :at we call ! wick$ ri*   
"o3 ,%irley is ,laz>us1 ,und]%aft       
,dives4 ,well1 ! mis]y ( ! _w is due to 
! fact t ! great mass ( m5 act & believe
 z ,pet] ,%irley acts & believes4 ,if !y
 act$ & believ$ z ,und]%aft acts &      
believes1 ! imm$iate result w\ld be a   
revolution ( incalculable b5efic5ce4 ,to
 be weal?y1 says ,und]%aft1 is ) me a   
po9t ( honor = :i* ,i am prep>$ to kill 
at ! risk ( my own life4 ,?is prep>$ness
 is1 z he says1 ! f9al te/ ( s9c]ity4 ,l
 ,froiss>t's m$ieval h]o1 :o saw t to   
rob & pill 0 a good life1 he is n ! dupe
 ( t public s5tim5t aga9/ kill+ :i* is  
propagat$ & end[$ by p :o w\ld o!rwise  
be kill$ !mselves1 or ( ! m\?-honor paid
 to pov]ty & ob$i5ce by ri* &           

insubord9ate d-no?+s :o want to rob !   
poor )\t c\rage & comm& !m )\t          
sup]iority4 ,froiss>t's knight1 9 plac+ 
! a*ievem5t ( a good life be=e all ! o!r
 duties--:i* inde$ are n duties at all  
:5 !y conflict ) x1 b pla9              
wick$nesses--behav$ bravely1 admirably1 
&1 9 ! f9al analysis1 public-spirit$ly4 
,m$ieval society1 on ! o!r h&1 behav$ v 
badly inde$ 9 organiz+ itself s /upidly 
t a good life c\ld be a*iev$ by robb+ & 
pill+4 ,if ! knight's contempor>ies _h  
be5 all z resolute z he1 robb+ & pill+  
w\ld h be5 ! %orte/ way to ! gall[s1 j  
z1 if we 7 all z resolute & cle>sight$ z
 ,und]%aft1 an attempt to live by means 
( :at is call$ an indep5d5t income w\ld 
be ! %orte/ way to ! le?al *amb]4 ,b z1 
?anks to our political imbecility &     
p]sonal c[>dice 7fruits ( pov]ty bo?71 !
 be/ imitation ( a good life n[         
procurable is life on an indep5d5t      
income1 all s5sible p aim at secur+ su* 
an income1 & are1 ( c\rse1 c>eful to    
legalize & moralize bo? x & all !       

actions & s5tim5ts :i* lead to x &      
support x z an in/itution4 ,:at else c  
!y d8 ,!y "k1 ( c\rse1 t !y are ri*     
because o!rs are poor4 ,b !y _c help t3 
x is = ! poor to repudiate pov]ty :5 !y 
h _h en\gh ( x4 ,! ?+ c be done easily  
en\gh3 ! demon/rations to ! contr>y made
 by ! economi/s1 juri/s1 morali/s &     
s5tim5tali/s hir$ by ! ri* to def5d !m1 
or ev5 do+ ! "w gratuit\sly out ( %e]   
folly & abjectness1 impose only on !    
hir]s4  ,! reason :y ! indep5d5t        
income-tax pay]s are n solid 9 def5ce ( 
_! position is t s9ce we are n m$ieval  
rov]s ?r\gh a sp>sely populat$ c\ntry1 !
 pov]ty ( ^? we rob prev5ts our hav+ !  
good life = :i* we sacrifice !m4 ,ri* m5
 or ari/ocrats ) a develop$ s5se (      
life--m5 l ,rusk9 & ,william ,morris &  
,kropotk9--h enorm\s social appetites & 
v fa/idi\s p]sonal ones4 ,!y are n      
cont5t ) h&some h\ses3 !y want h&some   
cities4 ,!y are n cont5t ) b$iamond$    
wives & bloom+ daught]s3 !y compla9     
because ! *>woman is badly dress$1      

because ! laundress smells ( g91 because
 ! semp/ress is anemic1 because e man !y
 meet is n a fri5d & e woman n a        
romance4 ,!y turn up _! noses at _!     
neighbors' dra9s1 & are made ill by !   
ar*itecture ( _! neighbors' h\ses4      
,trade patt]ns made to suit vulg> p d n 
please !m 7& !y c get no?+ else73 !y _c 
sleep nor sit at ease ^u slaught]$      
cab9et mak]s' furniture4 ,! v air is n  
good en\gh = !m3 !re is too mu* factory 
smoke 9 x4 ,!y ev5 dem& ab/ract         
conditions3 ju/ice1 honor1 a noble moral
 atmosph]e1 a my/ic nexus to replace !  
ca% nexus4 ,f9ally !y decl>e t ?\gh to  
rob & pill ) y\r own h& on horseback & 9
 /eel coat may h be5 a good life1 to rob
 & pill by ! h&s ( ! policeman1 !       
bailiff1 & ! soldi]1 & to und]pay !m    
meanly = do+ x1 is n a good life1 b r   
fatal to all possibility ( ev5 a        
tol]able "o4 ,!y call on ! poor to      
revolt1 &1 f9d+ ! poor %ock$ at _!      
ung5tlemanl9ess1 despair+ly revile !    
prolet>iat = its damn$ wantlessness     

7v]dammte ,b$urfnislosigkeit74  ,s f>1  
h[ev]1 _! attack on society has lack$   
simplicity4 ,! poor d n %>e _! ta/es nor
 und]/& _! art-criticisms4 ,!y d n want 
! simple life1 nor ! e/hetic life2 on ! 
contr>y1 !y want v mu* to wall[ 9 all ! 
co/ly vulg>ities f :i* ! elect s\ls     
among ! ri* turn away ) loa?+4 ,x is by 
surfeit & n by ab/95ce t !y w be cur$ ( 
_! hank]+ aft] un:olesome sweets4 ,:at  
!y d dislike & despise & are a%am$ ( is 
pov]ty4 ,to ask !m to fight = ! diff]5ce
 betwe5 ! ,*ri/mas numb] ( ! ,illu/rat$ 
,london ,news & ! ,kelmscott ,*auc] is  
silly3 !y pref] ! ,news4 ,! diff]5ce    
betwe5 a /ockbrok]'s *eap & dirty />*$  
:ite %irt & coll> & ! comp>atively co/ly
 & c>efully dy$ blue %irt ( ,william    
,morris is a diff]5ce s disgraceful to  
,morris 9 _! eyes t if !y f\ght on !    
subject at all1 !y w\ld fight 9 def5ce (
 ! />*4 ,cease to be slaves1 9 ord] t y 
may become cranks is n a v inspir+ call 
to arms2 nor is x really improv$ by     
sub/itut+ sa9ts = cranks4 ,bo? t]ms     

d5ote m5 ( g5ius2 & ! common man does n 
want to live ! life ( a man ( g5ius3 he 
w\ld mu* r live ! life ( a pet collie if
 t 7 ! only alt]native4 ,b he does want 
m money4 ,:atev] else he may be vague   
ab\t1 he is cle> ab\t t4 ,he may or may 
n pref] ,major ,b>b>a to ! ,drury ,lane 
pantomime2 b he always pref]s five      
hundr$ p\nds to five hundr$ %ill+s4  ,n[
 to deplore ?is pref]5ce z sordid1 &    
tea* *ildr5 t x is s9ful to desire      
money1 is to /ra9 t[>ds ! extreme       
possible limit ( impud5ce 9 ly+1 &      
corruption 9 hypocrisy4 ,! univ]sal     
reg>d = money is ! "o hopeful fact 9 our
 civilization1 ! "o s\nd spot 9 our     
social consci5ce4 ,money is ! mo/       
important ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,x repres5ts heal?1
 /r5g?1 honor1 g5]osity & beauty z      
conspicu\sly & und5iably z ! want ( x   
repres5ts illness1 weakness1 disgrace1  
meanness & ugl9ess4 ,n ! lea/ ( its     
virtues is t x de/roys base p z c]ta9ly 
z x =tifies & dignifies noble p4 ,x is  
only :5 x is *eap5$ to wor?lessness =   

"s1 & made impossibly de> to o!rs1 t x  
becomes a curse4 ,9 %ort1 x is a curse  
only 9 su* fooli% social conditions t   
life itself is a curse4 ,= ! two ?+s are
 insep>able3 money is ! c\nt] t enables 
life to be di/ribut$ socially3 x is life
 z truly z sov]eigns & bank notes are   
money4 ,! fir/ duty ( e citiz5 is to    
insi/ on hav+ money on reasonable t]ms2 
& ?is dem& is n compli$ ) by giv+ f\r m5
 ?ree %ill+s ea* = t5 or twelve h\rs'   
drudg]y & "o man a ?\s& p\nds = no?+4 ,!
 cry+ ne$ ( ! nation is n = bett]       
morals1 *eap] bread1 temp]ance1 lib]ty1 
culture1 r$emption ( fall5 si/]s & err+ 
bro!rs1 nor ! grace1 love & fell[%ip ( !
 ,tr9ity1 b simply = en\gh money4 ,& !  
evil to be attack$ is n s91 suff]+1     
gre$1 prie/craft1 k+craft1 demagogy1    
monopoly1 ignorance1 dr9k1 w>1 pe/il5ce1
 nor any o!r ( ! scapegoats :i* re=m]s  
sacrifice1 b simply pov]ty4  ,once take 
y\r eyes f ! ends ( ! e>? & fix !m on   
?is tru? j "u y\r nose2 & ,&rew         
,und]%aft's views w n p]plex y 9 ! lea/4

 ,unless inde$ 8 con/ant s5se t he is   
only ! in/rum5t ( a ,w or ,life ,=ce :i*
 uses him = purposes wid] ?an 8 own1 may
 puzzle y4 ,if s1 t is because y are    
walk+ ei!r 9 artificial ,d>w9ian        
d>kness1 or to m]e /upidity4 ,all       
g5u9ely religi\s p h t consci\sness4 ,to
 !m ,und]%aft ! ,my/ic w be q           
intelligible1 & 8 p]fect compreh5sion ( 
8 daught] ! ,salvationi/ & h] lov] !    
,euripidean republican natural &        
inevitable4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n new1 ev5 on 
! /age4 ,:at is new1 z f> z ,i "k1 is t 
article 9 ,und]%aft's religion :i*      
recognizes 9 ,money ! fir/ ne$ & 9      
pov]ty ! vile/ s9 ( man & society4  ,?is
 dramatic conception has n1 ( c\rse1 be5
 atta9$ p] saltum4 ,nor has x be5 borr[$
 f ,nietzs*e or f any man born beyond ! 
,*annel4 ,! late ,samuel ,butl]1 9 8 own
 dep>tm5t ! greate/ ,engli% writ] ( !   
latt] half ( ! ,,xix c5tury1 /eadily    
inculcat$ ! necessity & morality ( a    
consci5ti\s ,laodiceanism 9 religion & (
 an e>ne/ & con/ant s5se ( ! importance 

( money4 ,x drives "o almo/ to despair (
 ,engli% lit]ature :5 "o sees s         
extraord9>y a /udy ( ,engli% life z     
,butl]'s po/hum\s ,way ( ,all ,fle% mak+
 s little impression t :51 "s ye>s lat]1
 ,i produce plays 9 :i* ,butl]'s        
extraord9>ily fre%1 free & future-pi]c+ 
sugge/ions h an obvi\s %>e1 ,i am met ) 
no?+ b vague cackl+s ab\t ,ibs5 &       
,nietzs*e1 & am only too ?ankful t !y   
are n ab\t ,alfr$ de ,musset & ,georges 
,s&4 ,really1 ! ,engli% d n des]ve to h 
great m54 ,!y all[$ ,butl] to die       
practically unkn[n1 :il/ ,i1 a          
comp>atively insignificant ,iri%        
j\rnali/1 0 lead+ !m by ! nose into an  
adv]tisem5t ( me :i* has made my own    
life a burd54 ,9 ,sicily !re is a ,via  
,samuele ,butl]4 ,:5 an ,engli% t\ri/   
sees x1 he ei!r asks ,:o ! devil 0      
,samuele ,butl]8 or wond]s :y !         
,sicilians %\ld p]petuate ! memory ( !  
au?or ( ,hudibras4  ,well1 x _c be d5i$ 
t ! ,engli% are only too anxi\s to      
recognize a man ( g5ius if somebody w   

k9dly po9t him out to !m4 ,hav+ po9t$   
myself out 9 ?is mann] ) "s success1 ,i 
n[ po9t out ,samuel ,butl]1 & tru/ t 9  
consequ5ce ,i %all he> a little less 9  
future ( ! novelty & =eign orig9 ( !    
ideas :i* are n[ mak+ _! way into !     
,engli% !atre ?r\gh plays writt5 by     
,sociali/s4 ,!re are liv+ m5 ^:         
orig9ality & p[] are z obvi\s z         
,butl]'s2 & :5 !y die t fact w be       
discov]$4 ,mean:ile ,i recomm5d !m to   
insi/ on _! own m]its z an important "p 
( _! own bus9ess4    ,,! ,,salvation    
,,army  ,:5 ,major ,b>b>a 0 produc$ 9   
,london1 ! second act 0 report$ 9 an    
important nor!rn newspap] z a )]+ attack
 on ! ,salvation ,army1 & ! despair+    
ejaculation ( ,b>b>a deplor$ by a       
,london daily z a ta/eless blasphemy4 ,&
 !y 7 set "r1 n by ! pr(ess$ critics ( !
 !atre1 b by religi\s & philosophical   
publici/s l ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge & ,dr    
,/anton ,coit1 & /r5u\s ,noncon=mi/     
j\rnali/s l ,mr ,william ,/ead1 :o n    
only und]/ood ! act z well z !          

,salvationi/s !mselves1 b also saw x 9  
its relation to ! religi\s life ( !     
nation1 a life :i* seems to lie n only  
outside ! sympa?y ( _m ( our !atre      
critics1 b actually outside _! k (      
society4 ,inde$ no?+ c\ld be m          
ironically curi\s ?an ! confrontation   
,major ,b>b>a effect$ ( ! !atre         
en?usia/s ) ! religi\s en?usia/s4 ,on ! 
"o h& 0 ! playgo]1 always seek+         
pleasure1 pay+ exorbitantly = x1 suff]+ 
unbe>able discom=ts = x1 & h>dly ev]    
gett+ x4 ,on ! o!r h& 0 ! ,salvationi/1 
repudiat+ gaiety & c\rt+ ef=t &         
sacrifice1 yet always 9 ! wilde/        
spirits1 laugh+1 jok+1 s++1 rejoic+1    
drumm+1 & tamb\r9+3 8 life fly+ by 9 a  
fla% ( excitem5t1 & 8 dea? arriv+ z a   
climax ( triumph4 ,&1 if y please1 !    
playgo] despis+ ! ,salvationi/ z a      
joyless p]son1 %ut out f ! heav5 ( !    
!atre1 self-condemn$ to a life ( hide\s 
gloom2 & ! ,salvationi/ m\rn+ ov] !     
playgo] z ov] a prodigal ) v9e leaves 9 
8 hair1 c>e]+ outrage\sly to hell amid !

 popp+ ( *ampagne corks & ! ribald      
laught] ( sir5s6 ,c\ld misund]/&+ be m  
complete1 or sympa?y worse misplac$8    
,=tunately1 ! ,salvationi/s are m       
accessible to ! religi\s "* ( ! drama   
?an ! playgo]s to ! gay en]gy & arti/ic 
f]tility ( religion4 ,!y c see1 :5 x is 
po9t$ out to !m1 t a !atre1 z a place   
:]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r1 takes 
f t div9e pres5ce an inali5able sanctity
 ( :i* ! grosse/ & pr(ane/ f>ce c no m  
deprive x ?an a hypocritical s]mon by a 
snobbi% bi%op c desecrate ,we/m9/]      
,abbey4 ,b 9 our pr(essional playgo]s   
?is indisp5sable prelim9>y conception ( 
sanctity seems want+4 ,!y talk ( actors 
z mimes & mumm]s1 &1 ,i fe>1 ?9k (      
dramatic au?ors z li>s & p&>s1 ^: ma9   
bus9ess is ! voluptu\s soo?+ ( ! tir$   
city speculator :5 :at he calls ! s]i\s 
bus9ess ( ! day is ov]4 ,passion1 ! life
 ( drama1 means no?+ to !m b primitive  
sexual excitem5t3 su* phrases z         
impassion$ poetry or passionate love (  
tru? h fall5 q out ( _! vocabul>y & be5 

replac$ by passional crime & ! l4 ,!y   
assume1 z f> z ,i c ga!r1 t p 9 :om     
passion has a l>g] scope are passionless
 & !re=e un9t]e/+4 ,consequ5tly !y come 
to ?9k ( religi\s p z p :o are n int]e/+
 & n amus+4 ,& s1 :5 ,b>b>a cuts !      
regul> ,salvation ,army jokes1 & snat*es
 a kiss f h] lov] across 8 drum1 !      
devotees ( ! !atre ?9k !y ought to appe>
 %ock$1 & conclude t ! :ole play is an  
elaborate mock]y ( ! ,army4 ,& !n ei!r  
hypocritically rebuke me = mock+1 or    
fooli%ly take "p 9 ! suppos$ mock]y6    
,ev5 ! h&ful ( m5tally compet5t critics 
got into difficulties ov] my            
demon/ration ( ! economic deadlock 9 :i*
 ! ,salvation ,army f9ds itself4 ,"s (  
!m ?\ght t ! ,army w\ld n h tak5 money f
 a di/ill] & a cannon f\nd]3 o!rs ?\ght 
x %\ld n h tak5 x3 all assum$ m or less 
def9itely t x r$uc$ itself to absurdity 
or hypocrisy by tak+ x4 ,on ! fir/ po9t 
! reply ( ! ,army itself 0 prompt &     
conclusive4 ,z "o ( its (fic]s said1 !y 
w\ld take money f ! devil himself & be  

only too glad to get x out ( 8 h&s &    
into ,god's4 ,!y gratefully ackn[l$g$ t 
publicans n only give !m money b all[ !m
 to collect x 9 ! b>--sometimes ev5 :5  
!re is a ,salvation meet+ outside prea*+
 teetotalism4 ,9 fact1 !y que/ion$ !    
v]isimilitude ( ! play1 n because ,mrs  
,ba9es took ! money1 b because ,b>b>a   
refus$ x4  ,on ! po9t t ! ,army ought n 
to take su* money1 its ju/ification is  
obvi\s4 ,x mu/ take ! money because x _c
 exi/ )\t money1 & !re is no o!r money  
to be _h4 ,practically all ! sp>e money 
9 ! c\ntry consi/s ( a mass ( r5t1      
int]e/1 & pr(it1 e p5ny ( :i* is b\nd up
 ) crime1 dr9k1 pro/itution1 disease1 & 
all ! evil fruits ( pov]ty1 z           
inextricably z ) ent]prise1 weal?1      
comm]cial probity1 & national prosp]ity4
 ,! notion t y c e>m>k c]ta9 co9s z     
ta9t$ is an unpractical individuali/    
sup]/ition4 ,none ! less ! fact t all   
our money is ta9t$ gives a v sev]e %ock 
to e>ne/ "y s\ls :5 "s dramatic in/ance 
( ! ta9t fir/ makes !m consci\s ( x4 ,:5

 an en?usia/ic "y cl]gyman ( ! ,e/abli%$
 ,*ur* fir/ realizes t ! ,ecclesia/ical 
,commission]s receive ! r5ts ( sport+   
public h\ses1 bro!ls1 & sweat+ d5s2 or t
 ! mo/ g5]\s contributor at 8 la/ *>ity 
s]mon 0 an employ] trad+ 9 female labor 
*eap5$ by pro/itution z unscrupul\sly z 
a hotel keep] trades 9 wait]s' labor    
*eap5$ by tips1 or commissionaire's     
labor *eap5$ by p5sions2 or t ! only    
patron :o c af=d to rebuild 8 *ur* or 8 
s*ools or give 8 boys' brigade a        
gymnasium or a libr>y is ! son-9-law ( a
 ,*icago meat ,k+1 t "y cl]gyman has1 l 
,b>b>a1 a v bad qu>t] h\r4 ,b he _c help
 himself by refus+ to accept money f    
anybody except sweet old ladies )       
indep5d5t incomes & g5tle & lovely ways 
( life4 ,he has only to foll[ up !      
income ( ! sweet ladies to its indu/rial
 s\rce1 & !re he w f9d ,mrs ,w>r5's     
pr(ession & ! poison\s cann$ meat & all 
! re/ ( x4 ,8 own /ip5d has ! same root4
 ,he mu/ ei!r %>e ! _w's guilt or g to  
ano!r planet4 ,he mu/ save ! _w's honor 

if he is to save 8 own4 ,?is is :at all 
! ,*ur*es f9d j z ! ,salvation ,army &  
,b>b>a f9d x 9 ! play4 ,h] discov]y t %e
 is h] fa!r's accomplice2 t ! ,salvation
 ,army is ! accomplice ( ! di/ill] & !  
dynamite mak]2 t !y c no m escape "o    
ano!r ?an !y c escape ! air !y brea!2 t 
!re is no salvation = !m ?r\gh p]sonal  
righte\sness1 b only ?r\gh ! r$emption (
 ! :ole nation f its vici\s1 lazy1      
competitive an>*y3 ?is discov]y has be5 
made by ev]yone except ! ,ph>isees &    
7app>5tly7 ! pr(essional playgo]s1 :o   
/ill we> _! ,tom ,hood %irts & und]pay  
_! wa%]wom5 )\t ! slighte/ misgiv+ z to 
! elevation ( _! private *>act]s1 !     
purity ( _! private atmosph]es1 & _! "r 
to repudiate z =eign to !mselves ! co>se
 depravity ( ! g>ret & ! slum4 ,n t !y  
mean any h>m3 !y only desire to be1 9 _!
 little private way1 :at !y call        
g5tlem54 ,!y d n und]/& ,b>b>a's lesson 
because !y h n1 l h]1 le>nt x by tak+ _!
 "p 9 ! l>g] life ( ! nation4           
,,b>b>a',s ,,return ,,to ,,! ,,colors4  

,b>b>a's return to ! colors may yet     
provide a subject = ! dramatic hi/orian 
( ! future4 ,to g back to ! ,salvation  
,army ) ! k t ev5 ! ,salvationi/s       
!mselves are n sav$ yet2 t pov]ty is n  
bless$1 b a mo/ damnable s92 & t :5     
,g5]al ,boo? *ose ,blood & ,fire = !    
emblem ( ,salvation in/ead ( ! ,cross1  
he 0 p]haps bett] inspir$ ?an he knew3  
su* k1 = ! daught] ( ,&rew ,und]%aft1 w 
cle>ly lead to some?+ hopefull] ?an     
di/ribut+ bread & treacle at ! exp5se ( 
,bodg]4  ,x is a v significant ?+1 ?is  
in/9ctive *oice ( ! milit>y =m (        
organization1 ?is sub/itution ( ! drum =
 ! organ1 by ! ,salvation ,army4 ,does x
 n sugge/ t ! ,salvationi/s div9e t !y  
mu/ actually fight ! devil in/ead (     
m]ely pray+ at him8 ,at pres5t1 x is    
true1 !y h n q asc]ta9$ 8 correct       
address4 ,:5 !y d1 !y may give a v rude 
%ock to t s5se ( security :i* he has    
ga9$ f 8 exp]i5ce ( ! fact t h>d words1 
ev5 :5 utt]$ by eloqu5t essayi/s &      
lectur]s1 or c>ri$ unanim\sly at        

en?usia/ic public meet+s on ! motion (  
em95t re=m]s1 break no bones4 ,x has be5
 said t ! ,fr5* ,revolution 0 ! "w (    
,voltaire1 ,r\sseau & ! ,encyclop$i/s4  
,x seems to me to h be5 ! "w ( m5 :o _h 
obs]v$ t virtu\s indignation1 cau/ic    
criticism1 conclusive argum5t &         
in/ructive pamphlete]+1 ev5 :5 done by !
 mo/ e>ne/ & witty lit]>y g5iuses1 7 z  
useless z pray+1 ?+s go+ /eadily f bad  
to worse :il/ ! ,social ,contract & !   
pamphlets ( ,voltaire 7 at ! height ( _!
 vogue4 ,ev5tually1 z we "k1 p]fectly   
respectable citiz5s & e>ne/             
philan?ropi/s conniv$ at ! ,septemb]    
massacres because h>d exp]i5ce _h       
conv9c$ !m t if !y cont5t$ !mselves )   
appeals to humanity & patriotism1 !     
ari/ocracy1 ?\gh x w\ld read _! appeals 
) ! greate/ enjoym5t & appreciation1    
flatt]+ & admir+ ! writ]s1 w\ld none !  
less cont9ue to conspire ) =eign        
mon>*i/s to undo ! revolution & re/ore !
 old sy/em ) e circum/ance ( savage     
v5geance & ru?less repression ( popul>  

lib]ties4  ,! n9ete5? c5tury saw ! same 
lesson repeat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,x _h its      
,utilit>ians1 its ,*ri/ian ,sociali/s1  
its ,fabians 7/ill extant73 x _h ,b5?am1
 ,mill1 ,dick5s1 ,rusk91 ,c>lyle1       
,butl]1 ,h5ry ,george1 & ,morris4 ,& !  
end ( all _! ef=ts is ! ,*icago describ$
 by ,mr ,upton ,s9clair1 & ! ,london 9  
:i* ! p :o pay to be amus$ by my        
dramatic repres5tation ( ,pet] ,%irley  
turn$ out to />ve at =ty because !re are
 y\ng] slaves to be _h = 8 wages1 d n   
take1 & h n ! slighte/ int5tion ( tak+1 
any effective /ep to organize society 9 
su* a way z to make t ev]yday infamy    
impossible4 ,i1 :o h prea*$ &           
pamphlete]$ l any ,encyclop$i/1 h to    
confess t my me?ods are no use1 & w\ld  
be no use if ,i 7 ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1  
,b5?am1 ,mill1 ,dick5s1 ,c>lyle1 ,rusk91
 ,george1 ,butl]1 & ,morris all roll$   
into "o1 ) ,euripides1 ,m1 ,moli]e1     
,%akespe>1 ,beaum>*ais1 ,swift1 ,goe!1  
,ibs51 ,tol/oy1 ,moses & ! prophets all 
?r[n 9 7z inde$ 9 "s sort ,i actually   

am1 /&+ z ,i d on all _! %\ld]s74 ,!    
problem be+ to make h]oes out ( c[>ds1  
we pap] apo/les & arti/-magicians h     
succe$$ only 9 giv+ c[>ds all !         
s5sations ( h]oes :il/ !y tol]ate e     
abom9ation1 accept e plund]1 & submit to
 e oppression4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 mak+ a    
m]it ( su* submission1 has m>k$ only t  
dep? 9 ! abyss at :i* ! v s5se ( %ame is
 lo/4 ,! ,*ri/ian has be5 l ,dick5s'    
doctor 9 ! debtor's prison1 :o tells !  
newcom] ( its ineffable peace &         
security3 no duns2 no tyrannical        
collectors ( rates1 taxes1 & r5t2 no    
importunate hopes nor exact+ duties2    
no?+ b ! re/ & safety ( hav+ no fur!r to
 fall4  ,yet 9 ! poore/ corn] ( ?is     
s\l-de/roy+ ,*ri/5dom vitality sudd5ly  
beg9s to g]m9ate aga94 ,joy\sness1 a    
sacr$ gift long de?ron$ by ! helli%     
laught] ( d]ision & obsc5ity1 rises l a 
flood miracul\sly out ( ! fetid du/ &   
mud ( ! slums2 r\s+ m>*es & impetu\s    
di?yrambs rise to ! heav5s f p among :om
 ! depress+ noise call$ sacr$ music is a

 /&+ joke2 a flag ) ,blood & ,fire on x 
is unfurl$1 n 9 murd]\s rancor1 b       
because fire is beautiful & blood a     
vital & spl5did r$2 ,fe>1 :i* we flatt] 
by call+ ,self1 vani%es2 & transfigur$  
m5 & wom5 c>ry _! gospel ?r\gh a        
transfigur$ _w1 call+ _! lead] ,g5]al1  
!mselves capta9s & brigadi]s1 & _! :ole 
body an ,army3 pray+1 b pray+ only =    
refre%m5t1 = /r5g? to fight1 & = ne$ful 
,,money 7a notable sign1 t72 prea*+1 b n
 prea*+ submission2 d>+ ill-usage &     
abuse1 b n putt+ up ) m ( x ?an is      
inevitable2 & practis+ :at ! _w w let !m
 practise1 includ+ soap & wat]1 color & 
music4 ,!re is dang] 9 su* ,activity2 & 
:]e !re is dang] !re is hope4 ,our      
pres5t security is no?+1 & c be no?+1 b 
evil made irresi/ible4    ,,weaknesses  
,,( ,,! ,,salvation ,,army4  ,= !       
pres5t1 h[ev]1 x is n my bus9ess to     
flatt] ! ,salvation ,army4 ,r mu/ ,i    
po9t out to x t x has almo/ z _m        
weaknesses z ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& itself4 ,x
 is build+ up a bus9ess organization :i*

 w compel x ev5tually to see t its      
pres5t /aff ( en?usia/-comm&]s %all be  
succe$$ by a bureaucracy ( m5 ( bus9ess 
:o w be no bett] ?an bi%ops1 & p]haps a 
good deal m unscrupul\s4 ,t has always  
happ5$ soon] or lat] to great ord]s     
f\nd$ by sa9ts2 & ! ord] f\nd$ by ,/    
,william ,boo? is n exempt f ! same     
dang]4 ,x is ev5 m dep5d5t ?an ! ,*ur*  
on ri* p :o w\ld cut (f supplies at once
 if x began to prea* t indisp5sable     
revolt aga9/ pov]ty :i* mu/ also be a   
revolt aga9/ ri*es4 ,x is hamp]$ by a   
heavy cont+5t ( pi\s eld]s :o are n     
really ,salvationi/s at all1 b          
,evangelicals ( ! old s*ool4 ,x /ill1 z 
,commission] ,h[>d affirms1 /icks to    
,moses1 :i* is flat nons5se at ?is "t ( 
day if ! ,commission] means1 z ,i am    
afraid he does1 t ! ,book ( ,g5esis     
conta9s a tru/wor?y sci5tific acc\nt ( !
 orig9 ( species1 & t ! god to :om      
,jeph?ah sacrific$ 8 daught] is any less
 obvi\sly a tribal idol ?an ,dagon or   
,*emo%4  ,fur!r1 !re is /ill too mu*    

o!r-worldl9ess ab\t ! ,army4 ,l         
,fr$]ick's gr5adi]1 ! ,salvationi/ wants
 to live = ev] 7! mo/ mon/r\s way ( cry+
 = ! moon72 & ?\gh x is evid5t to anyone
 :o has ev] he>d ,g5]al ,boo? & 8 be/   
(fic]s t !y w\ld "w z h>d = human       
salvation z !y d at pres5t if !y believ$
 t dea? w\ld be ! end ( !m individually1
 !y & _! foll[]s h a bad habit ( talk+ z
 if ! ,salvationi/s 7 h]oically endur+ a
 v bad "t on e>? z an inve/m5t :i* w br+
 !m 9 divid5ds lat] on 9 ! =m1 n ( a    
bett] life to come = ! :ole _w1 b ( an  
et]nity sp5t by !mselves p]sonally 9 a  
sort ( bliss :i* w\ld bore any active   
p]son to a second dea?4 ,surely ! tru?  
is t ! ,salvationi/s are unusually happy
 p4 ,& is x n ! v diagno/ic ( true      
salvation t x %all ov]come ! fe> ( dea?8
 ,n[ ! man :o has come to believe t !re 
is no su* ?+ z dea?1 ! *ange s call$ be+
 m]ely ! transition to an exquisitely   
happy & utt]ly c>eless life1 has n      
ov]come ! fe> ( dea? at all3 on !       
contr>y1 x has ov]come him s completely 

t he refuses to die on any t]ms :atev]4 
,i d n call a ,salvationi/ really sav$  
until he is ready to lie d[n *e]fully on
 ! scrap heap1 hav+ paid scot & lot &   
some?+ ov]1 & let 8 et]nal life pass on 
to r5ew its y\? 9 ! battalions ( !      
future4  ,!n !re is ! na/y ly+ habit    
call$ confession1 :i* ! ,army enc\rages 
because x l5ds itself to dramatic       
oratory1 ) pl5ty ( ?rill+ incid5t4 ,= my
 "p1 :5 ,i he> a conv]t relat+ !        
viol5ces & oa?s & blasphemies he 0      
guilty ( be=e he 0 sav$1 mak+ out t he 0
 a v t]rible fell[ !n & is ! mo/        
contrite & *a/5$ ( ,*ri/ians n[1 ,i     
believe him no m ?an ,i believe !       
millionaire :o says he came up to       
,london or ,*icago z a boy ) only ?ree  
halfp5ce 9 8 pocket4 ,salvationi/s h    
said to me t ,b>b>a 9 my play w\ld nev] 
h be5 tak5 9 by s transp>5t a humbug z  
,snobby ,price2 & c]ta9ly ,i d n ?9k    
,snobby c\ld h tak5 9 any exp]i5c$      
,salvationi/ on a po9t on :i* !         
,salvationi/ did n wi% to be tak5 94 ,b 

on ! po9t ( conv]sion all ,salvationi/s 
wi% to be tak5 92 = ! m obvi\s ! s9n] ! 
m obvi\s ! miracle ( 8 conv]sion4 ,:5 y 
adv]tize a conv]t$ burgl> or reclaim$   
drunk>d z "o ( ! attractions at an      
exp]i5ce meet+1 y\r burgl> c h>dly h be5
 too burgl>i\s or y\r drunk>d too       
drunk54 ,z long z su* attractions are   
reli$ on1 y w h y\r ,snobbies claim+ to 
h beat5 _! mo!rs :5 !y 7 z a matt] (    
prosaic fact habitually beat5 by !m1 &  
y\r ,rummies ( ! tame/ respectability   
pret5d+ to a pa/ ( reckless & dazzl+    
vice4 ,ev5 :5 confessions are s9c]ely   
autobiographic !re is no reason to      
assume at once t ! impulse to make !m is
 pi\s or ! int]e/ ( ! he>]s :olesome4 ,x
 might z well be assum$ t ! poor p :o   
insi/ on %[+ appall+ ulc]s to di/rict   
visitors are conv9c$ hygi5i/s1 or t !   
curiosity :i* sometimes welcomes su*    
exhibitions is a pleasant & cr$itable   
"o4 ,"o is (t5 tempt$ to sugge/ t ^? :o 
pe/] our police sup]9t5d5ts )           
confessions ( murd] might v wisely be   

tak5 at _! ^w & execut$1 except 9 ! few 
cases 9 :i* a real murd]] is seek+ to be
 reliev$ ( 8 guilt by confession &      
expiation4 ,= ?\gh ,i am n1 ,i hope1 an 
unm]ciful p]son1 ,i d n ?9k t !         
inexorability ( ! de$ once done %\ld be 
disguis$ by any ritual1 :e!r 9 !        
confessional or on ! scaffold4  ,& "h my
 disagreem5t ) ! ,salvation ,army1 & )  
all propag&i/s ( ! ,cross 7to :i* ,i    
object z ,i object to all gibbets7      
becomes deep inde$4 ,=giv5ess1          
absolution1 atonem5t1 are figm5ts3      
puni%m5t is only a pret5ce ( cancell+ "o
 crime by ano!r2 & y c no m h =giv5ess  
)\t v9dictiv5ess ?an y c h a cure )\t a 
disease4 ,y w nev] get a high morality f
 p :o conceive t _! misde$s are         
revocable & p>donable1 or 9 a society   
:]e absolution & expiation are (ficially
 provid$ = u all4 ,! dem& may be v real2
 b ! supply is spuri\s4 ,?us ,bill      
,walk]1 9 my play1 hav+ assault$ !      
,salvation ,lass1 pres5tly f9ds himself 
ov]:elm$ ) an intol]able conviction ( s9

 "u ! skill$ treatm5t ( ,b>b>a4         
,/raightway he beg9s to try to unassault
 ! lass & d]uffianize 8 de$1 fir/ by    
gett+ puni%$ = x 9 k9d1 &1 :5 t relief  
is d5i$ him1 by f9+ himself a p\nd to   
comp5sate ! girl4 ,he is foil$ bo? ways4
 ,he f9ds ! ,salvation ,army z          
inexorable z fact itself4 ,x w n puni%  
him3 x w n take 8 money4 ,x w n tol]ate 
a r$eem$ ruffian3 x leaves him no means 
( salvation except ceas+ to be a        
ruffian4 ,9 do+ ?is1 ! ,salvation ,army 
in/9ctively grasps ! c5tral tru? (      
,*ri/ianity & disc>ds its c5tral        
sup]/ition3 t c5tral tru? be+ ! vanity (
 rev5ge & puni%m5t1 & t c5tral          
sup]/ition ! salvation ( ! _w by !      
gibbet4  ,=1 be x not$1 ,bill has       
assault$ an old & />v+ woman also2 & =  
?is worse (f5ce he feels no remorse     
:atev]1 because %e makes x cle> t h]    
malice is z great z 8 own4 ,let h] h !  
law ( me1 z %e said %e w\ld1 says ,bill3
 :at ,i done to h] is no m on :at y     
might call my consci5ce ?an /ick+ a pig4

 ,?is %[s a p]fectly natural & :olesome 
/ate ( m9d on 8 "p4 ,! old woman1 l !   
law %e ?reat5s him )1 is p]fectly ready 
to play ! game ( retaliation ) him3 to  
rob him if he /eals1 to flog him if he  
/rikes1 to murd] him if he kills4 ,by   
example & precept ! law & public op9ion 
tea* him to impose 8 w on o!rs by ang]1 
viol5ce1 & cruelty1 & to wipe (f ! moral
 score by puni%m5t4 ,t is s\nd          
,cros/ianity4 ,b ?is ,cros/ianity has   
got entangl$ ) some?+ :i* ,b>b>a calls  
,*ri/ianity1 & :i* unexpect$ly causes h]
 to refuse to play ! hangman's game (   
,satan ca/+ out ,satan4 ,%e refuses to  
prosecute a drunk5 ruffian2 %e conv]ses 
on equal t]ms ) a blackgu>d :om no lady 
c\ld be se5 speak+ to 9 ! public /reet3 
9 %ort1 %e behaves z illegally &        
unbecom+ly z possible "u ! circum/ances4
 ,bill's consci5ce reacts to ?is j z    
naturally z x does to ! old woman's     
?reats4 ,he is plac$ 9 a position (     
unbe>able moral inf]iority1 & /rives by 
e means 9 8 p[] to escape f x1 :il/ he  

is /ill q ready to meet ! abuse ( ! old 
woman by attempt+ to sma% a mug on h]   
face4 ,& t is ! triumphant ju/ification 
( ,b>b>a's ,*ri/ianity z aga9/ our sy/em
 ( judicial puni%m5t & ! v9dictive      
villa9-?ra%+s & poetic ju/ice ( !       
romantic /age4  ,= ! cr$it ( lit]ature x
 mu/ be po9t$ out t ! situation is only 
p>tly novel4 ,victor ,hugo long ago gave
 u ! epic ( ! convict & ! bi%op's       
c&le/icks1 ( ! ,cros/ian policeman      
annihilat$ by 8 enc\nt] ) ! ,*ri/ian    
,valjean4 ,b ,bill ,walk] is n1 l       
,valjean1 romantically *ang$ f a demon  
into an angel4 ,!re are millions ( ,bill
 ,walk]s 9 all classes ( society to-day2
 & ! po9t :i* ,i1 z a pr(essor ( natural
 psy*ology1 desire to demon/rate1 is t  
,bill1 )\t any *ange 9 8 "* :atsoev]1 w 
react "o way to "o sort ( treatm5t &    
ano!r way to ano!r4  ,9 pro( ,i might   
po9t to ! s5sational object lesson      
provid$ by our comm]cial millionaires   
to-day4 ,!y beg9 z brig&s3 m]ciless1    
unscrupul\s1 deal+ out ru9 & dea? &     

slav]y to _! competitors & employees1 & 
fac+ desp]ately ! wor/ t _! competitors 
c d to !m4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,engli%        
factories1 ! ,am]ican tru/s1 !          
exploitation ( ,african gold1 diamonds1 
ivory & rubb]1 outdoes 9 villa9y ! wor/ 
t has ev] be5 imag9$ ( ! buccane]s ( !  
,spani% ,ma94 ,capta9 ,kidd w\ld h      
m>oon$ a mod]n ,tru/ magnate = conduct  
unwor?y ( a g5tleman ( =tune4 ,! law e  
day seizes on unsuccessful sc\ndrels (  
?is type & puni%es !m ) a cruelty worse 
?an _! own1 ) ! result t !y come out ( !
 torture h\se m dang]\s ?an !y w5t 91 & 
r5ew _! evil do+ 7nobody w employ !m at 
any?+ else7 until !y are aga9 seiz$1    
aga9 torm5t$1 & aga9 let loose1 ) ! same
 result4  ,b ! successful sc\ndrel is   
dealt ) v diff]5tly1 & v ,*ri/ianly4 ,he
 is n only =giv53 he is idoliz$1        
respect$1 made mu* (1 all b wor%ipp$4   
,society returns him good = evil 9 ! mo/
 extravagant ov]measure4 ,& ) :at       
result8 ,he beg9s to idolize himself1 to
 respect himself1 to live up to !       

treatm5t he receives4 ,he prea*es       
s]mons2 he writes books ( ! mo/ edify+  
advice to "y m51 & actually p]suades    
himself t he got on by tak+ 8 own       
advice2 he end[s educational            
in/itutions2 he supports *>ities2 he    
dies f9ally 9 ! odor ( sanctity1 leav+ a
 w :i* is a monum5t ( public _s & b\nty4
 ,& all ?is )\t any *ange 9 8 "*4 ,!    
spots ( ! leop>d & ! /ripes ( ! tig] are
 z brilliant z ev]2 b ! conduct ( ! _w  
t[>ds him has *ang$2 & 8 conduct has    
*ang$ accord+ly4 ,y h only to rev]se y\r
 attitude t[>ds him--to lay h&s on 8    
prop]ty1 revile him1 assault him1 & he w
 be a brig& aga9 9 a mom5t1 z ready to  
cru% y z y are to cru% him1 & q z full (
 pret5ti\s moral reasons = do+ x4  ,9   
%ort1 :5 ,major ,b>b>a says t !re are no
 sc\ndrels1 %e is "r3 !re are no        
absolute sc\ndrels1 ?\gh !re are        
impracticable p ( :om ,i %all treat     
pres5tly4 ,e practicable man 7& woman7  
is a pot5tial sc\ndrel & a pot5tial good
 citiz54 ,:at a man is dep5ds on 8 "*2 b

 :at he does1 & :at we ?9k ( :at he     
does1 dep5ds on 8 circum/ances4 ,!      
*>act]i/ics t ru9 a man 9 "o class make 
him em95t 9 ano!r4 ,! *>act]s t behave  
diff]5tly 9 diff]5t circum/ances behave 
alike 9 simil> circum/ances4 ,take a    
common ,engli% "* l t ( ,bill ,walk]4   
,we meet ,bill ev]y:]e3 on ! judicial   
b5*1 on ! episcopal b5*1 9 ! ,privy     
,c\ncil1 at ! ,w> ,(fice & ,admiralty1 z
 well z 9 ! ,old ,bailey dock or 9 !    
ranks ( casual unskill$ labor4 ,& !     
morality ( ,bill's *>act]i/ics v>ies )  
^! v>i\s circum/ances4 ,! faults ( !    
burgl> are ! qualities ( ! f9anci]3 !   
mann]s & habits ( a duke w\ld co/ a city
 cl]k 8 situation4 ,9 %ort1 ?\gh "* is  
indep5d5t ( circum/ances1 conduct is n2 
& our moral judgm5ts ( "* are n3 bo? are
 circum/antial4 ,take any condition (   
life 9 :i* ! circum/ances are = a mass (
 m5 practically alike3 felony1 ! ,h\se (
 ,lords1 ! factory1 ! /ables1 ! gipsy   
encampm5t or :]e y please6 ,9 spite (   
div]sity ( "* & temp]am5t1 ! conduct &  

morals ( ! individuals 9 ea* gr\p are z 
pr$icable & z alike 9 ! ma9 z if !y 7 a 
flock ( %eep1 morals be+ mo/ly only     
social habits & circum/antial           
necessities4 ,/rong p "k ?is & c\nt ^u  
x4 ,9 no?+ h ! ma/]-m9ds ( ! _w be5     
di/+ui%$ f ! ord9>y suburban            
season-ticket hold] m ?an 9 _!          
/raight=w>d p]ception ( ! fact t mank9d 
is practically a s+le species1 & n a    
m5ag]ie ( g5tlem5 & b\nd]s1 villa9s &   
h]oes1 c[>ds & d>$evils1 pe]s &         
peasants1 groc]s & ari/ocrats1 artisans 
& labor]s1 wa%]wom5 & du*esses1 9 :i*   
all ! grades ( income & ca/e repres5t   
di/9ct animals :o mu/ n be introduc$ to 
"o ano!r or int]m>ry4 ,napoleon         
con/ruct+ a galaxy ( g5]als & c\rti]s1 &
 ev5 ( mon>*s1 out ( 8 collection (     
social nobodies2 ,julius ,caes> appo9t+ 
z gov]nor ( ,egypt ! son ( a fre$man--"o
 :o b a %ort "t be=e w\ld h be5 legally 
disqualifi$ = ! po/ ev5 ( a private     
soldi] 9 ! ,roman army2 ,l\is ,,xi mak+ 
8 b>b] 8 privy c\ncillor3 all ^! _h 9 _!

 diff]5t ways a firm hold ( ! sci5tific 
fact ( human equality1 express$ by      
,b>b>a 9 ! ,*ri/ian =mula t all m5 are  
*ildr5 ( "o fa!r4 ,a man :o believes t  
m5 are naturally divid$ into upp] & l[] 
& middle classes morally is mak+ exactly
 ! same mi/ake z ! man :o believes t !y 
are naturally divid$ 9 ! same way       
socially4 ,& j z our p]si/5t attempts to
 f\nd political in/itutions on a basis (
 social inequality h always produc$ long
 p]iods ( de/ructive friction reliev$ f 
"t to "t by viol5t explosions (         
revolution2 s ! attempt--w ,am]icans    
please note--to f\nd moral in/itutions  
on a basis ( moral inequality c lead to 
no?+ b unnatural ,reigns ( ! ,sa9ts     
reliev$ by lic5ti\s ,re/orations2 to    
,am]icans :o h made divorce a public    
in/itution turn+ ! face ( ,europe into  
"o huge s>donic smile by refus+ to /ay 9
 ! same hotel ) a ,russian man ( g5ius  
:o has *ang$ wives )\t ! sanction ( ,s\?
 ,dakota2 to grotesque hypocrisy1 cruel 
p]secution1 & f9al utt] confusion (     

conv5tions & compliances ) b5evol5ce &  
respectability4 ,x is q useless to      
decl>e t all m5 are born free if y d5y t
 !y are born good4 ,gu>antee a man's    
goodness & 8 lib]ty w take c>e ( itself4
 ,to gu>antee 8 fre$om on condition t y 
approve ( 8 moral "* is =mally to aboli%
 all fre$om :atsoev]1 z e man's lib]ty  
is at ! m]cy ( a moral indictm5t1 :i*   
any fool c trump up aga9/ ev]yone :o    
violates cu/om1 :e!r z a prophet or z a 
rascal4 ,?is is ! lesson ,democracy has 
to le>n be=e x c become any?+ b ! mo/   
oppressive ( all ! prie/hoods4  ,let u  
n[ return to ,bill ,walk] & 8 case (    
consci5ce aga9/ ! ,salvation ,army4     
,major ,b>b>a1 n be+ a mod]n ,tetzel1 or
 ! treasur] ( a hospital1 refuses to    
sell ,bill absolution = a sov]eign4     
,un=tunately1 :at ! ,army c af=d to     
refuse 9 ! case ( ,bill ,walk]1 x _c    
refuse 9 ! case ( ,bodg]4 ,bodg] is ma/]
 ( ! situation because he holds ! purse 
/r+s4 ,/rive z y w1 says ,bodg]1 9      
effect3 me y _c d )\t4 ,y _c save ,bill 

,walk] )\t my money4 ,& ! ,army answ]s1 
q rightly "u ! circum/ances1 ,we w take 
money f ! devil himself soon] ?an ab&on 
! "w ( ,salvation4 ,s ,bodg] pays 8     
consci5ce-money & gets ! absolution t is
 refus$ to ,bill4 ,9 real life ,bill    
w\ld p]haps nev] "k ?is4 ,b ,i1 !       
dramati/1 ^: bus9ess x is to %[ !       
connexion betwe5 ?+s t seem ap>t &      
unrelat$ 9 ! haphaz>d ord] ( ev5ts 9    
real life1 h contriv$ to make x kn[n to 
,bill1 ) ! result t ! ,salvation ,army  
loses its hold ( him at once4  ,b ,bill 
may n be lo/1 = all t4 ,he is /ill 9 !  
grip ( ! facts & ( 8 own consci5ce1 &   
may f9d 8 ta/e = blackgu>dism p]man5tly 
spoil$4 ,/ill1 ,i _c gu>antee t happy   
end+4 ,let anyone walk ?r\gh ! poor]    
qu>t]s ( our cities :5 ! m5 are n work+1
 b re/+ & *ew+ ! cud ( _! reflections2 &
 he w f9d t !re is "o expression on e   
mature face3 ! expression ( cynicism4 ,!
 discov]y made by ,bill ,walk] ab\t !   
,salvation ,army has be5 made by e "o ( 
!m4 ,!y h f\nd t e man has 8 price2 & !y

 h be5 fooli%ly or corruptly taught to  
mi/ru/ & despise him = t necess>y &     
salut>y condition ( social exi/5ce4 ,:5 
!y le>n t ,g5]al ,boo?1 too1 has 8      
price1 !y d n admire him because x is a 
high "o1 & admit ! ne$ ( organiz+       
society s t he %all get x 9 an honorable
 way3 !y conclude t 8 "* is uns\nd & t  
all religi\s m5 are hypocrites & allies 
( _! sweat]s & oppressors4 ,!y "k t !   
l>ge subscriptions :i* help to support !
 ,army are end[m5ts1 n ( religion1 b ( !
 wick$ doctr9e ( docility 9 pov]ty &    
humility "u oppression2 & !y are r5t by 
! mo/ agoniz+ ( all ! d\bts ( ! s\l1 !  
d\bt :e!r _! true salvation mu/ n come f
 _! mo/ abhorr5t passions1 f murd]1     
envy1 gre$1 /ubbornness1 rage1 &        
t]rorism1 r ?an f public _s1            
reasonabl5ess1 humanity1 g5]osity1      
t5d]ness1 delicacy1 pity & k9dness4 ,!  
confirmation ( t d\bt1 at :i* our       
newspap]s h be5 work+ s h>d = ye>s pa/1 
is ! morality ( milit>ism2 & !          
ju/ification ( milit>ism is t           

circum/ances may at any "t make x ! true
 morality ( ! mom5t4 ,x is by produc+   
su* mom5ts t we produce viol5t &        
sangu9>y revolutions1 su* z ! "o n[ 9   
progress 9 ,russia & ! "o :i*           
,capitalism 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica is daily 
& dilig5tly provok+4  ,at su* mom5ts x  
becomes ! duty ( ! ,*ur*es to evoke all 
! p[]s ( de/ruction aga9/ ! exi/+ ord]4 
,b if !y d ?is1 ! exi/+ ord] mu/ =cibly 
suppress !m4 ,*ur*es are suff]$ to exi/ 
only on condition t !y prea* submission 
to ! ,/ate z at pres5t capitali/ically  
organiz$4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& itself is   
compell$ to add to ! ?irty-six articles 
9 :i* x =mulates its religi\s t5ets1    
?ree m 9 :i* x apologetically prote/s t 
! mom5t any ( ^! articles comes 9       
conflict ) ! ,/ate x is to be entirely  
r5\nc$1 abjur$1 violat$1 abrogat$ &     
abhorr$1 ! policeman be+ a mu* m        
important p]son ?an any ( ! ,p]sons ( ! 
,tr9ity4 ,& ?is is :y no tol]at$ ,*ur*  
nor ,salvation ,army c ev] w9 ! entire  
confid5ce ( ! poor4 ,x mu/ be on ! side 

( ! police & ! milit>y1 no matt] :at x  
believes or disbelieves2 & z ! police & 
! milit>y are ! in/rum5ts by :i* ! ri*  
rob & oppress ! poor 7on legal & moral  
pr9ciples made = ! purpose71 x is n     
possible to be on ! side ( ! poor & ( ! 
police at ! same "t4 ,inde$ ! religi\s  
bodies1 z ! almon]s ( ! ri*1 become a   
sort ( auxili>y police1 tak+ (f !       
insurrection>y edge ( pov]ty ) coals &  
blankets1 bread & treacle1 & soo?+ &    
*e]+ ! victims ) hopes ( imm5se &       
inexp5sive happ9ess 9 ano!r _w :5 !     
process ( work+ !m to premature dea? 9 !
 s]vice ( ! ri* is complete 9 ?is4      
,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,an>*ism  ,su* is !   
false position f :i* nei!r ! ,salvation 
,army nor ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& nor any o!r  
religi\s organization :atev] c escape   
except ?r\gh a recon/itution ( society4 
,nor c !y m]ely endure ! ,/ate          
passively1 wa%+ _! h&s ( its s9s4 ,!    
,/ate is con/antly =c+ ! consci5ces ( m5
 by viol5ce & cruelty4 ,n cont5t )      
exact+ money f u = ! ma9t5ance ( its    

soldi]s & policem51 its gaol]s &        
execution]s1 x =ces u to take an active 
p]sonal "p 9 its proce$+s on pa9 (      
becom+ ourselves ! victims ( its        
viol5ce4 ,z ,i write ^! l9es1 a         
s5sational example is giv5 to ! _w4 ,a  
royal m>riage has be5 celebrat$1 fir/ by
 sacram5t 9 a ca!dral1 & !n by a        
bullfight hav+ = its ma9 amusem5t !     
spectacle ( horses gor$ & disemb[ell$ by
 ! bull1 aft] :i*1 :5 ! bull is s       
exhau/$ z to be no long] dang]\s1 he is 
kill$ by a cauti\s matador4 ,b ! ironic 
contra/ betwe5 ! bullfight & ! sacram5t 
( m>riage does n move anyone4 ,ano!r    
contra/--t betwe5 ! spl5dor1 ! happ9ess1
 ! atmosph]e ( k9dly admiration surr\nd+
 ! "y c\ple1 & ! price paid = x "u our  
abom9able social arrangem5ts 9 ! mis]y1 
squalor & degradation ( millions ( o!r  
"y c\ples--is drawn at ! same mom5t by a
 noveli/1 ,mr ,upton ,s9clair1 :o *ips a
 corn] ( ! v5e]+ f ! huge meat pack+    
indu/ries ( ,*icago1 & %[s x to u z a   
sample ( :at is go+ on all ov] ! _w     

und]nea? ! top lay] ( prosp]\s          
plutocracy4 ,"o man is suffici5tly mov$ 
by t contra/ to pay 8 own life z ! price
 ( "o t]rible bl[ at ! responsible      
p>ties4 ,unhappily 8 pov]ty leaves him  
also ignorant en\gh to be dup$ by !     
pret5ce t ! innoc5t "y bride &          
bridegroom1 put =? & cr[n$ by plutocracy
 z ! heads ( a ,/ate 9 :i* !y h less    
p]sonal p[] ?an any policeman1 & less   
influ5ce ?an any *airman ( a tru/1 are  
responsible4 ,at !m accord+ly he laun*es
 8 sixp5nor? ( fulm9ate1 miss+ 8 m>k1 b 
scatt]+ ! b[els ( z _m horses z any bull
 9 ! ar5a1 & slay+ tw5ty-?ree p]sons1   
besides w\nd+ n9ety-n9e4 ,& ( all ^!1 ! 
horses alone are innoc5t ( ! guilt he is
 av5g+3 _h he bl[n all ,madrid to atoms 
) e adult p]son 9 x1 n "o c\ld h escap$ 
! *>ge ( be+ an accessory1 be=e1 at1 &  
aft] ! fact1 to pov]ty & pro/itution1 to
 su* :olesale massacre ( infants z ,h]od
 nev] dreamt (1 to plague1 pe/il5ce &   
fam9e1 battle1 murd] & l+]+ dea?--p]haps
 n "o :o _h n help$1 ?r\gh example1     

precept1 connivance1 & ev5 clamor1 to   
tea* ! dynamit] 8 well-le>nt gospel (   
hatr$ & v5geance1 by approv+ e day (    
s5t5ces ( ye>s ( imprisonm5t s inf]nal 9
 its unnatural /upidity & panic-/rick5  
cruelty1 t _! advocates c disav[ nei!r !
 dagg] nor ! bomb )\t /ripp+ ! mask (   
ju/ice & humanity f !mselves also4 ,be x
 not$ t at ?is v mom5t !re appe>s !     
biography ( "o ( our dukes1 :o1 be+     
,scot*1 c\ld argue ab\t politics1 &     
!re=e /ood out z a great bra9 among our 
ari/ocrats4 ,& :at1 if y please1 0 8    
grace's favorite hi/orical episode1 :i* 
he decl>$ he nev] read )\t int5se       
satisfaction8 ,:y1 ! "y ,g5]al          
,bonap>t's p\nd+ ( ! ,p>is mob to pieces
 9 #agie1 call$ 9 playful approval by   
our respectable classes ! :iff (        
grape%ot1 ?\gh ,napoleon1 to d him      
ju/ice1 took a deep] view ( x1 & w\ld   
fa9 h _h x =gott54 ,& s9ce ! ,duke (    
,argyll 0 n a demon1 b a man ( l        
passions ) ourselves1 by no means       
rancor\s or cruel z m5 g1 :o c d\bt t   

all ov] ! _w prolet>ians ( ! ducal      
kidney are n[ revell+ 9 ! :iff (        
dynamite 7! flavor ( ! joke seems to    
evaporate a little1 does x n87 because x
 0 aim$ at ! class !y hate ev5 z our    
argute duke hat$ :at he call$ ! mob4  ,9
 su* an atmosph]e !re c be only "o      
sequel to ! ,madrid explosion4 ,all     
,europe burns to emulate x4 ,v5geance6  
,m blood6 ,te> ! ,an>*i/ bea/ to %r$s4  
,drag him to ! scaffold4 ,imprison him =
 life4 ,let all civiliz$ ,/ates b&      
toge!r to drive 8 l (f ! face ( ! e>?2 &
 if any ,/ate refuses to jo91 make w> on
 x4 ,?is "t ! lead+ ,london newspap]1   
anti-,lib]al & !re=e anti-,russian 9    
politics1 does n say ,s]ve y "r to !    
victims1 z x did1 9 effect1 :5          
,bobrik(l2 & ,de ,plehve1 & ,gr& ,duke  
,s]gius1 7 9 ! same mann] un(ficially   
fulm9at$ into fragm5ts4 ,no3 fulm9ate   
our rivals 9 ,asia by all means1 ye     
brave ,russian revolution>ies2 b to aim 
at an ,engli% pr9cess-mon/r\s6 hide\s6  
h\nd d[n ! wret* to 8 doom2 & obs]ve1   

please1 t we are a civiliz$ & m]ciful p1
 &1 h[ev] mu* we may regret x1 mu/ n    
treat him z ,ravaillac & ,dami5s 7      
treat$4 ,& mean:ile1 s9ce we h n yet    
caught him1 let u soo! our quiv]+ n]ves 
) ! bullfight1 & comm5t 9 a c\rtly way  
on ! unfail+ tact & good ta/e ( ! ladies
 ( our royal h\ses1 :o1 ?\gh presumably 
( full normal natural t5d]ness1 h be5 s 
effectually brok5 9 to fa%ionable r\t9e 
t !y c be tak5 to see ! horses slaught]$
 z helplessly z !y c\ld no d\bt be tak5 
to a gladiator %[1 if t happ5$ to be !  
mode j n[4  ,/rangely en\gh1 9 ! mid/ ( 
?is rag+ fire ( malice1 ! "o man :o /ill
 has fai? 9 ! k9dness & intellig5ce (   
human nature is ! fulm9ator1 n[ a hunt$ 
wret*1 ) no?+1 app>5tly1 to secure 8    
triumph ov] all ! prisons & scaffolds ( 
infuriate ,europe except ! revolv] 9 8  
pocket & 8 read9ess to dis*>ge x at a   
mom5t's notice into 8 own or any o!r    
head4 ,?9k ( him sett+ out to f9d a     
g5tleman & a ,*ri/ian 9 ! multitude (   
human wolves h[l+ = 8 blood4 ,?9k also (

 ?is3 t at ! v fir/ essay he f9ds :at he
 seeks1 a v]itable gr&ee ( ,spa91 a     
noble1 high-?9k+1 unt]rifi$1 malice-void
 s\l1 9 ! guise--( all masqu]ades 9 !   
_w6--( a mod]n editor4 ,! ,an>*i/ wolf1 
fly+ f ! wolves ( plutocracy1 ?r[s      
himself on ! honor ( ! man4 ,! man1 n   
be+ a wolf 7nor a ,london editor71 &    
!re=e n hav+ en\gh sympa?y ) 8 exploit  
to be made blood?ir/y by x1 does n ?r[  
him back to ! pursu+ wolves--gives him1 
in/ead1 :at help he c to escape1 & s5ds 
him (f acqua9t$ at la/ ) a =ce t goes   
deep] ?an dynamite1 ?\gh y _c make s mu*
 ( x = sixp5ce4 ,t righte\s & honorable 
high human de$ is n wa/$ on ,europe1 let
 u hope1 ?\gh x b5efits ! fugitive wolf 
only = a mom5t4 ,! plutocratic wolves   
pres5tly smell him out4 ,! fugitive     
%oots ! unlucky wolf ^: nose is ne>e/2  
%oots himself2 & !n conv9ces ! _w1 by 8 
photograph1 t he 0 no mon/r\s freak (   
rev]sion to ! tig]1 b a good look+ "y   
man ) no?+ abnormal ab\t him except 8   
appall+ c\rage & resolution 7t is :y !  

t]rifi$ %riek ,c[>d at him73 "o to :om  
murd]+ a happy "y c\ple on _! w$d+ morn+
 w\ld h be5 an un?9kably unnatural      
abom9ation "u rational & k9dly human    
circum/ances4  ,!n comes ! climax (     
irony & bl9d /upidity4 ,! wolves1 balk$ 
( _! meal ( fell[-wolf1 turn on ! man1 &
 proce$ to torture him1 aft] _! mann]1  
by imprisonm5t1 = refus+ to fa/5 8 tee? 
9 ! ?roat ( ! dynamit] & hold him d[n   
until !y came to f9i% him4  ,?us1 y see1
 a man may n be a g5tleman n[adays ev5  
if he wi%es to4 ,z to be+ a ,*ri/ian1 he
 is all[$ "s latitude 9 t matt]1        
because1 ,i repeat1 ,*ri/ianity has two 
faces4 ,popul> ,*ri/ianity has = its    
emblem a gibbet1 = its *ief s5sation a  
sangu9>y execution aft] torture1 = its  
c5tral my/]y an insane v5geance b\ght (f
 by a trump]y expiation4 ,b !re is a    
nobl] & pr(\nd] ,*ri/ianity :i* affirms 
! sacr$ my/]y ( ,equality1 & =bids !    
gl>+ futility & folly ( v5geance1 (t5   
politely call$ puni%m5t or ju/ice4 ,!   
gibbet "p ( ,*ri/ianity is tol]at$4 ,!  

o!r is crim9al felony4 ,connoisseurs 9  
irony are well aw>e ( ! fact t ! only   
editor 9 ,engl& :o d5\nces puni%m5t z   
radically wrong1 also repudiates        
,*ri/ianity2 calls 8 pap] ,! ,free?9k]2 
& has be5 imprison$ = two ye>s =        
blasphemy4    ,,sane ,,conclusions  ,&  
n[ ,i mu/ ask ! excit$ read] n to lose 8
 head on "o side or ! o!r1 b to draw a  
sane moral f ^! grim absurdities4 ,x is 
n good s5se to propose t laws aga9/     
crime %\ld apply to pr9cipals only & n  
to accessories ^: cons5t1 c\nsel1 or    
sil5ce may secure impunity to !         
pr9cipal4 ,if y in/itute puni%m5t z "p (
 ! law1 y mu/ puni% p = refus+ to puni%4
 ,if y h a police1 "p ( its duty mu/ be 
to compel ev]ybody to assi/ ! police4   
,no d\bt if y\r laws are unju/1 & y\r   
policem5 ag5ts ( oppression1 ! result w 
be an unbe>able violation ( ! private   
consci5ces ( citiz5s4 ,b t _c be help$3 
! rem$y is1 n to lic5se ev]ybody to ?w>t
 ! law if !y please1 b to make laws t w 
comm& ! public ass5t1 & n to deal       

cruelly & /upidly ) lawbreak]s4         
,ev]ybody disapproves ( burgl>s2 b !    
mod]n burgl>1 :5 caught & ov]p[]$ by a  
h\sehold] usually appeals1 & (t51 let u 
hope1 ) success1 to 8 captor n to deliv]
 him ov] to ! useless horrors ( p5al    
s]vitude4 ,9 o!r cases ! lawbreak]      
escapes because ^? :o c\ld give him up d
 n consid] 8 bree* ( ! law a guilty     
action4 ,sometimes1 ev51 private        
tribunals are =m$ 9 opposition to !     
(ficial tribunals2 & ^! private         
tribunals employ assass9s z execution]s1
 z 0 done1 = example1 by ,mahomet be=e  
he _h e/abli%$ 8 p[] (ficially1 & by !  
,ribbon lodges ( ,irel& 9 _! long       
/ruggle ) ! l&lords4 ,"u su*            
circum/ances1 ! assass9 goes free al?\gh
 ev]ybody 9 ! di/rict kn[s :o he is &   
:at he has done4 ,!y d n betray him1    
p>tly because !y ju/ify him exactly z ! 
regul> ,gov]nm5t ju/ifies its (ficial   
execution]1 & p>tly because !y w\ld     
!mselves be assass9at$ if !y betray$    
him3 ano!r me?od le>nt f ! (ficial      

gov]nm5t4 ,giv5 a tribunal1 employ+ a   
slay] :o has no p]sonal qu>rel ) ! sla92
 & !re is cle>ly no moral diff]5ce      
betwe5 (ficial & un(ficial kill+4  ,9   
%ort1 all m5 are an>*i/s ) reg>d to laws
 :i* are aga9/ _! consci5ces1 ei!r 9 !  
preamble or 9 ! p5alty4 ,9 ,london our  
wor/ an>*i/s are ! magi/rates1 because  
_m ( !m are s old & ignorant t :5 !y are
 call$ ^u to adm9i/] any law t is bas$  
on ideas or k less ?an half a c5tury    
old1 !y disagree ) x1 & be+ m]e ord9>y  
homebr$ private ,engli%m5 )\t any       
respect = law 9 ! ab/ract1 naively set !
 example ( violat+ x4 ,9 ?is in/ance !  
man lags beh9d ! law2 b :5 ! law lags   
beh9d ! man1 he becomes equally an      
an>*i/4 ,:5 "s huge *ange 9 social      
conditions1 su* z ! indu/rial revolution
 ( ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 ?r[s  
our legal & indu/rial in/itutions out ( 
date1 ,an>*ism becomes almo/ a religion4
 ,! :ole =ce ( ! mo/ en]getic g5iuses ( 
! "t 9 philosophy1 economics1 & art1    
conc5trates itself on demon/rations &   

rem9d]s t morality & law are only       
conv5tions1 fallible & cont9ually       
obsolesc+4 ,trag$ies 9 :i* ! h]oes are  
b&its1 & com$ies 9 :i* law-abid+ &      
conv5tionally moral folk are compell$ to
 satirize !mselves by outrag+ !         
consci5ce ( ! spectators e "t !y d _!   
duty1 appe> simultane\sly ) economic    
treatises entitl$ ,:at is ,prop]ty8     
,!ft6 & ) hi/ories ( ,! ,conflict betwe5
 ,religion & ,sci5ce4  ,n[ ?is is n a   
heal?y /ate ( ?+s4 ,! advantages ( liv+ 
9 society are proportionate1 n to !     
fre$om ( ! individual f a code1 b to !  
complexity & subtlety ( ! code he is    
prep>$ n only to accept b to uphold z a 
matt] ( su* vital importance t a        
lawbreak] at l>ge is h>dly to be tol]at$
 on any plea4 ,su* an attitude becomes  
impossible :5 ! only m5 :o c make       
!mselves he>d & rememb]$ ?r\gh\t ! _w   
sp5d all _! en]gy 9 rais+ our gorge     
aga9/ curr5t law1 curr5t morality1      
curr5t respect ability1 & legal prop]ty4
 ,! ord9>y man1 un$ucat$ 9 social !ory  

ev5 :5 he is s*ool$ 9 ,lat9 v]se1 _c be 
set aga9/ all ! laws ( 8 c\ntry & yet   
p]suad$ to reg>d law 9 ! ab/ract z      
vitally necess>y to society4 ,once he is
 br\ght to repudiate ! laws &           
in/itutions he kn[s1 he w repudiate ! v 
conception ( law & ! v gr\ndwork (      
in/itutions1 ridicul+ human rights1     
extoll+ bra9less me?ods z hi/orical1 &  
tol]at+ no?+ except pure empiricism 9   
conduct1 ) dynamite z ! basis ( politics
 & vivisection z ! basis ( sci5ce4 ,t is
 hide\s2 b :at is to be done8 ,"h am ,i1
 = in/ance1 by class a respectable man1 
by common s5se a hat] ( wa/e & disord]1 
by intellectual con/itution legally m9d$
 to ! v]ge ( p$antry1 & by temp]am5t    
appreh5sive & economically dispos$ to ! 
limit ( old-maidi%ness2 yet ,i am1 & h  
always be51 & %all n[ always be1 a      
revolution>y writ]1 because our laws    
make law impossible2 our lib]ties de/roy
 all fre$om2 our prop]ty is organiz$    
robb]y2 our morality is an impud5t      
hypocrisy2 our wisdom is adm9i/]$ by    

inexp]i5c$ or malexp]i5c$ dupes1 our p[]
 wield$ by c[>ds & weakl+s1 & our honor 
false 9 all its po9ts4 ,i am an enemy ( 
! exi/+ ord] = good reasons2 b t does n 
make my attacks any less enc\rag+ or    
helpful to p :o are its enemies = bad   
reasons4 ,! exi/+ ord] may %riek t if ,i
 tell ! tru? ab\t x1 "s fooli% p]son may
 drive x to become /ill worse by try+ to
 assass9ate x4 ,i _c help t1 ev5 if ,i  
c\ld see :at worse x c\ld d ?an x is    
already do+4 ,& ! disadvantage ( t wor/ 
ev5 f its own po9t ( view is t society1 
) all its prisons & bayonets & :ips &   
o/racisms & />vations1 is p[]less 9 !   
face ( ! ,an>*i/ :o is prep>$ to        
sacrifice 8 own life 9 ! battle ) x4    
,our natural safety f ! *eap & deva/at+ 
explosives :i* e ,russian /ud5t c make1 
& e ,russian gr5adi] has le>nt to h&le 9
 ,man*uria1 lies 9 ! fact t brave &     
resolute m51 :5 !y are rascals1 w n risk
 _! sk9s = ! good ( humanity1 &1 :5 !y  
are sympa!tic en\gh to c>e = humanity1  
abhor murd]1 & nev] commit x until _!   

consci5ces are outrag$ beyond endurance4
 ,! rem$y is1 simply n to outrage _!    
consci5ces4  ,d n be afraid t !y w n    
make all[ances4 ,all m5 make v l>ge     
all[ances inde$ be=e !y /ake _! own     
lives 9 a w> to ! dea? ) society4       
,nobody dem&s or expects ! mill5nium4 ,b
 !re are two ?+s t mu/ be set "r1 or we 
%all p]i%1 l ,rome1 ( s\l atrophy       
disguis$ z empire4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! daily
 c]emony ( divid+ ! weal? ( ! c\ntry    
among its inhabitants %all be s conduct$
 t no crumb %all g to any able-bodi$    
adults :o are n produc+ by _! p]sonal   
ex]tions n only a full equival5t = :at  
!y take1 b a surplus suffici5t to       
provide = _! sup]annuation & pay back ! 
debt due = _! nurture4  ,! second is t !
 delib]ate infliction ( malici\s        
injuries :i* n[ goes on "u ! "n (       
puni%m5t be ab&on$2 s t ! ?ief1 !       
ruffian1 ! gambl]1 & ! begg>1 may )\t   
inhumanity be h&$ ov] to ! law1 & made  
to und]/& t a ,/ate :i* is too humane to
 puni% w also be too ?rifty to wa/e !   

life ( hone/ m5 9 wat*+ or re/ra9+      
di%one/ ones4 ,t is :y we d n imprison  
dogs4 ,we ev5 take our *ance ( _! fir/  
bite4 ,b if a dog delights to b>k &     
bite1 x goes to ! le?al *amb]4 ,t seems 
to me s5sible4 ,to all[ ! dog to expiate
 8 bite by a p]iod ( torm5t1 & !n let   
him loose 9 a mu* m savage condition 7= 
! *a9 makes a dog savage7 to bite aga9 &
 expiate aga91 hav+ mean:ile sp5t a     
great deal ( human life & happ9ess 9 !  
task ( *a9+ & fe$+ & torm5t+ him1 seems 
to me idiotic & sup]/iti\s4 ,yet t is   
:at we d to m5 :o b>k & bite & /eal4 ,x 
w\ld be f> m s5sible to put up ) _!     
vices1 z we put up ) _! illnesses1 until
 !y give m tr\ble ?an !y are wor?1 at   
:i* po9t we %\ld1 ) _m apologies &      
expressions ( sympa?y1 & "s g5]osity 9  
comply+ ) _! la/ wi%es1 !n1 place !m 9 !
 le?al *amb] & get rid ( !m4 ,"u no     
circum/ances %\ld !y be all[$ to expiate
 _! misde$s by a manufactur$ p5alty1 to 
subscribe to a *>ity1 or to comp5sate ! 
victims4 ,if !re is to be no puni%m5t   

!re c be no =giv5ess4 ,we %all nev] h   
real moral responsibility until ev]yone 
kn[s t 8 de$s are irrevocable1 & t 8    
life dep5ds on 8 usefulness4 ,hi!rto1   
alas6 humanity has nev] d>$ face ^! h>d 
facts4 ,we frantically scatt] consci5ce 
money & inv5t sy/ems ( consci5ce bank+1 
) expiatory p5alties1 atonem5ts1        
r$emptions1 salvations1 hospital        
subscription li/s & :at n1 to enable u  
to contract-out ( ! moral code4 ,n      
cont5t ) ! old scapegoat & sacrificial  
lamb1 we deify human saviors1 & pray to 
miracul\s virg9 int]cessors4 ,we        
attribute m]cy to ! inexorable2 soo! our
 consci5ces aft] committ+ murd] by ?r[+ 
ourselves on ! bosom ( div9e love2 &    
%r9k ev5 f our own gall[s because we are
 =c$ to admit t x1 at lea/1 is          
irrevocable--z if "o h\r ( imprisonm5t 7
 n z irrevocable z any execution6  ,if a
 man _c look evil 9 ! face )\t illusion1
 he w nev] "k :at x really is1 or combat
 x effectually4 ,! few m5 :o h be5 able 
7relatively7 to d ?is h be5 call$       

cynics1 & h sometimes _h an abnormal %>e
 ( evil 9 !mselves1 correspond+ to !    
abnormal /r5g? ( _! m9ds2 b !y h nev]   
done mis*ief unless !y int5d$ to d x4 ,t
 is :y great sc\ndrels h be5 b5efic5t   
rul]s :il/ amiable & privately h>mless  
mon>*s h ru9$ _! c\ntries by tru/+ to ! 
hocus-pocus ( innoc5ce & guilt1 rew>d & 
puni%m5t1 virtu\s indignation & p>don1  
in/ead ( /&+ up to ! facts )\t ei!r     
malice or m]cy4 ,major ,b>b>a /&s up to 
,bill ,walk] 9 t way1 ) ! result t !    
ruffian :o _c get hat$1 has to hate     
himself4 ,to relieve ?is agony be tries 
to get puni%$2 b ! ,salvationi/ :om he  
tries to provoke is z m]ciless z ,b>b>a1
 & only prays = him4 ,!n he tries to    
pay1 b c get nobody to take 8 money4 ,8 
doom is ! doom ( ,ca91 :o1 fail+ to f9d 
ei!r a savior1 a policeman1 or an almon]
 to help him to pret5d t 8 bro!r's blood
 no long] cri$ f ! gr\nd1 _h to live &  
die a murd]]4 ,ca9 took c>e n to commit 
ano!r murd]1 unlike our railway         
%>ehold]s 7,i am "o7 :o kill & maim     

%unt]s by hundr$s to save ! co/ (       
automatic c\pl+s1 & make atonem5t by    
annual subscriptions to des]v+ *>ities4 
,_h ,ca9 be5 all[$ to pay (f 8 score1 he
 might possibly h kill$ ,adam & ,eve = !
 m]e sake ( a second luxuri\s           
reconciliation ) ,god aft]w>ds4 ,bodg]1 
y may dep5d on x1 w g on to ! end ( 8   
life poison+ p ) bad :isky1 because he c
 always dep5d on ! ,salvation ,army or !
 ,*ur* ( ,engl& to negotiate a r$emption
 = him 9 consid]ation ( a trifl+        
p]c5tage ( 8 pr(its4 ,!re is a ?ird     
condition too1 :i* mu/ be fulfill$ be=e 
! great tea*]s ( ! _w w cease to sc(f at
 its religions4 ,cre$s mu/ become       
intellectually hone/4 ,at pres5t !re is 
n a s+le cr$ible e/abli%$ religion 9 !  
_w4 ,t is p]haps ! mo/ /up5d\s fact 9 ! 
:ole _w-situation4 ,?is play ( m9e1     
,major ,b>b>a1 is1 ,i hope1 bo? true &  
inspir$2 b :oev] says t x all happ5$1 & 
t fai? 9 x & und]/&+ ( x consi/ 9       
believ+ t x is a record ( an actual     
occurr5ce1 is1 to speak accord+ to      

,scripture1 a fool & a li>1 & is h]eby  
solemnly d5\nc$ & curs$ z su* by me1 !  
au?or1 to all po/]ity4  ,london1 ,june  
#aijf4