,by ,charles ,bradford ,the ,determined ,angler ,most sensible volume of its kind4--,grover ,cleveland4 #ab4 illustrated4 ,by mail1 #a4aj4 #a4jj ,the ,angler's ,secret ,a modern ',compleat ,angler4'--,n4 ,y4 ,times4 #afmo illustrated4 ,by mail1 #a4aj #a4jj ,the ,angler's ,guide ,a valuable volume of reference for the ,angler4--,dr4 ,jas4 ,a4 ,henshall4 #bjj pgs4 ,by mail1 #hj cts4 4#ge ,the ,wildfowlers ,a volume of duck shooting4 ,a classic4--,n4 ,y4 ,world4 #afmo illustrated4 ,by mail1 #a4aj #a4jj ,frank ,forester ,life and ,writings of the ,father of ,american ,fishing and ,field ,sports4 ,by mail1 #a4aj #a4jj ,illustration3 ,a ,,morning',s ,,catch ,,of ,,trout ,,near ,,spokane1 ,,washington ,three times too many for one rod4--,william ,t4 ,hornaday ,an object lesson on the too-liberal fish laws4 ,see page #ch ,the ,determined ,angler and the ,brook ,trout ,an ,anthological ,volume of ,trout ,fishing4 ,trout ,histories1 ,trout ,lore1 ,trout ,resorts1 and ,trout ,tackle ,by ,charles ,bradford ,author of ,the ,wildfowlers1 ,the ,angler's ,secret4 ,the ,angler's ,guide1 ,frank ,forester1 etc4 ,illustration ,second ,edition1 ,greatly ,enlarged ,illustrated ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york ,london ,the ,knickerbocker ,press #aiaf ,,copyright1 #aiaf ,,by ,,charles ,,bradford ,the ,knickerbocker ,press1 ,new ,york ,to ,j4 ,,charles ,,davis ,,these ,,little ,,yarns ,,are ,,dedicated ,,in ,,remembrance ,,of ,,some ,,delightful ,,outings ,,passed ,,in ,,his ,,society4 ,,the ,,brook ,,trout',s ,,home ,i am ,salmo fontinalis4 ,to the sparkling fountain born2 ,and my home is where oxalis4 ,heather bell and rose adorn ,the crystal basin in the dell 7,undine the wood-nymph knows it well73 ,that is where ,i love to dwell4 ,there was ,i baptized and christened1 ',neath the somber aisles of oak2 ,mute the cascade paused and listened4 ,never a word the brooklet spoke2 ,bobolink was witness then4 ,likewise grosbeak1 linnet1 wren-- ,and all the fairies joined amen6 ,thus as ,salmo fontinalis ,recognized the wide world o'er4 ,in my limpid crystal palace4 ,content withal1 ,i ask no more4 ,leaping through the rainbow spray4 ,snatching flies the livelong day4 ,naught to do but eat and play4 ,,charles ,,hallock4 ,,brook ,,trout ,,angling 444 it carries us into the most wild and beautiful scenery of nature2 amongst the mountain lakes1 and the clear and lovely streams that gush from the higher ranges of elevated hills1 or that make their way through the cavities of calcareous strata4 ,how delightful in the early spring1 after the dull and tedious time of winter1 when the frosts disappear and the sunshine warms the earth and waters1 to wander forth by some clear stream1 to see the leaf bursting from the purple bud1 to scent the odors of the bank perfumed by the violet1 and enameled1 as it were1 with the primrose and the daisy2 to wander upon the fresh turf below the shade of trees1 whose bright blossoms are filled with the music of the bee2 and on the surface of the waters to view the gaudy flies sparkling like animated gems in the sunbeams1 whilst the bright and beautiful trout is watching them from below2 to hear the twittering of the water-birds1 who1 alarmed at your approach1 rapidly hide themselves beneath the flowers and leaves of the water-lily2 and as the season advances1 to find all these objects changed for others of the same kind1 but better and brighter1 till the swallow and the trout contend as it were for the gaudy ,may fly1 and till in pursuing your amusement in the calm and balmy evening1 you are serenaded by the songs of the cheerful thrush 444 performing the offices of paternal love1 in thickets ornamented with the rose and woodbine4--,days of ,fly ,fishing1 #ahbh4 ,gentlemen1 let not prejudice prepossess you4 ,i confess my discourse is like to prove suitable to my recreation1 calm and quiet4444 ,and so much for the prologue of what ,i mean to say- ,izaak ,walton ,illustration ,,preface ,don't give up if you don't catch fish2 the unsuccessful trip should whet your appetite to try again4--,,grover ,,cleveland4 ,a preface is either an excuse or an explanation1 or both4 ,the ,brook ,trout needs no excuse1 and it is fully explained in the general text of this volume4 ,nor does the ,angler1 be he ,determined or otherwise1 need any excuse1 because our ,saviour chose simple fishermen 444 ,st4 ,peter1 ,st4 ,john1 ,st4 ,andrew1 and ,st4 ,james1 whom he inspired1 and ,he never reproved these for their employment or calling 7,izaak ,walton1 ,the ,compleat ,angler1 #afec74 ,and the ,angler--the man--needs no explanation1 though it seems ever necessary to define the word4 ,webster1 himself a profound ,angler1 must have been unconscious of his gentle bearing1 for his definition of angle is simply3 to fish1 and every ,angler knows that merely to fish--to go forth indifferent of correct 7humane7 tackle1 the legal season1 and ethical methods in the pursuit--is not the way of the ,angler4 ,i like the explanation of the word by ,genio ,c4 ,scott3 ,angling1 a special kind of fishing4 ,the inspired landscape genius and the kalsominer who shellacs the artist's studio are both painters2 so1 the gentle ,angler with perfect tackle and the mere hand-line fish taker are both fishermen4 ,the ,angler is the highest order of fisherman1 and while all ,anglers are fishermen there are many fishermen who are not ,anglers4 ,anglo-,saxon1 writing in the ,new ,york ,press4 ,october #ad1 #aiae1 uses the term gentleman ,anglers4 ,he should have said gentleman fishermen 7,anglers71 because all ,anglers are gentlemen1 regardless of their business calling1 appearance1 personality1 companionship1 etc4 ,when a man1 fisherman or no fisherman1 develops into an ,angler he must first become gentle in order to be of the gentle art4 ,angling is the gentle art 7,walton74 ,the gentle art of angling 7,cotton74 ,if true ,anglers1 says ,genio ,c4 ,scott1 you are sure to be gentle4 ,peter ,flint 7,new ,york ,press1 ,oct4 #ae1 #aiae73 ,our most successful ,anglers1 amateurs as well as professionals4 ,all ,anglers are amateurs1 brother ,peter4 ,there are no professional ,anglers1 though there are both amateur and professional fishermen1 and those fishermen who are amateurs are ,anglers4 ,the word amateur seems to be adrift upon the same bewildering tideway as the words angler and angling4 ,amateur hasn't the definition commonly attributed to it--it doesn't signify inefficiency1 inexperience1 unpracticality1 etc41 as do the words beginner1 neophyte1 tyro1 etc4 ,an amateur in fishing1 or farming1 or any other pastime or pursuit1 may be far more practical1 more experienced1 more proficient1 and better equipped in tools and paraphernalia than a professional1 and he usually is so2 he is certainly always so in angling4 ,watch your word4 ,it is the belief of ,acker that hand-line fishing is as good as1 if not better than1 the rod and reel kind4 7,wandering ,angler1 ,new ,york ,press1 ,aug4 #ag1 #aiae47 ,hand-line fishing1 as fishing1--though the ,tuna ,angling ,club1 of ,santa ,catalina ,island1 ,california1 is bound to the use of light rods and fine reels and tells us hand-lines are unsportsmanlike and detrimental to the public interest1--is good 7,christ and ,his disciples sanctioned it71 but to say it is as good as or better than rod and reel angling is not convincing4 ,the indifferent fisher can't condemn angling in praising common fishing with any more reason than he might proclaim against cricket playing in favoring carpentry1 or vice versa4 ,one might as correctly say hand-line fishing is as good as riding1 or driving1 or golf1 or baseball1 or canoeing 7of course it is71 for fishing without rod and reel and fishing with proper tackle are pursuits as distinct in character as riding a plain horse bareback with a rough halter1 and straddling a gallant charger with neat bridle and saddle2 or as mere boating upon a refuse creek1 and skimming the green billows in a trim yacht4 ,that the fisher's hand-line and the fisherman's net will take more fish than the ,angler's tackle is not of moment1 because a stick of dynamite or a cannon filled with leaden pellets or a boy with a market basket will take still more fish than the net and hand-line4 ,quantity makes fishing good with the fisherman2 quality delights the ,angler4 ,there is no objection to the mere fish-getter filling his boat with fishes with or without tackle1 but as the jockey is separated from the sportsman rider and the sailor from the yachtsman so should the quantity fisher and the quality ,angler be considered in contrasting spheres4 ,what a man brings home in his heart after fishing is of more account than what he brings in his basket1 says ,w4 ,j4 ,long4 ,anglers encourage the adoption of angling methods1 says ,dr4 ,van ,dyke1 which make the wholesale slaughter of fishes impossible and increase the sport of taking a fair number in a fair way4 ,as chivalric single-missile bow-and-arrow exercise dignifies archery above bunch-arrow work in war1 so the gentle use of refined tackle dignifies angling above mere fish getting4 ,trap shooting is delightful1 and more birds are killed than the gunner would bag in marsh and meadow1 but is trap shooting therefore more good than game-shooting in the glorious fields and forests8 ,no1 sir2 and though the hand-line fisherman may honestly take half the ocean's yield1 still his pursuit and his catch cannot equal and cannot be legitimately compared to the code and the creel of the competent ,angler4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,richmond ,,hill1 ,,long ,,island1 ,n4 ,y41 ,march1 #aiaf4 ,,author',s ,,acknowledgments ,the article ,fly ,fishing for ,trout1 ,i contributed in its original form to ,sports ,afield1 ,mr4 ,claude ,king's ,western journal4 ,the article ,trout and ,trouting1 as ,i originally prepared it1 was entitled ,near-by ,trout ,streams1 and was written for and published in ,outing1 when ,i was field editor of that delightful magazine4 ,trouting in ,canadensis ,valley is rewritten from a little story of mine penned at the suggestion of the noted angler and ichthyologist1 the late ,william ,c4 ,harris1 and published by him in his ,the ,american ,angler when ,i became his managing editor4 ,trout ,flies1 ,artificial and ,natural and ,the ,brook ,trout ,incognito are elaborations of studies ,i composed for ,forest and ,stream4 ,and many of the items in ,little ,casts1 etc41 are from a collection of paragraphs ,i have contributed to the ,new ,york ,herald1 the ,new ,york ,press1 and various sporting periodicals in past years4 ,the extracts from the article by ,willis ,boyd ,allen are reprinted by permission of ,scribner's ,magazine4 ,for the little pen-and-ink sketches ,i am indebted to our jovial artist1 ,leppert4 ,the picture1 ,taking the ,fly1 is a reproduction from an etching in my possession1 presented to me by ,mr4 ,william ,m4 ,carey1 whose etchings and paintings in oil are well known to ,american sportsmen4 ,the ,fly ,rod's ,victim is reproduced from a photograph framed in birch bark and presented to me by the poet1 ,isaac ,mc,lellan4 ,the ,brook ,trout illustration is from a photograph of a captive specimen in an aquarium1 the engraving being loaned me by the late ,john ,p4 ,burkhard4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4--,,the ,,holy ,,anglers #a ,,ii4--,,histories ,,of ,,the ,,trouts--,,how ,,the ,,angler ,,takes ,,them #g ,,iii4--,,the ,,angler ,,and ,,the ,,fisherman #ae ,,iv4--,,fly-,,fishing #ba ,v4--,,walton',s ,,way #cc ,,vi4--,,the ,,wanton ,,way #ch ,,vii4--,,fly-,,fishing ,,for ,,trout #da ,,viii4--,,the ,,angler',s ,,prayer--,,save ,,the ,,woods ,,and ,,waters #eb ,,ix4--,,trout ,,and ,,trouting #ef ,x4--,,trouting ,,in ,,canadensis ,,valley #fd ,,xi4--,,the ,,trouter',s ,,outfit #fh ,,xii4--,,trout ,,flies1 ,,artificial ,,and ,,natural #ga ,,xiii4--,,the ,,brook ,,trout',s ,,rival #hd ,,xiv4--,,trout ,,on ,,barbless ,,hooks #hg ,,xv4--,,the ,,brook ,,trout ,,incognito #ib ,,xvi4--,,hooking ,,the ,,trout #ajb ,,xvii4--,,doctor ,,nature #ajd ,,xviii4--,,the ,,brook ,,trout #ajf ,,xix4--,,the ,,angler #aab ,,xx4--,,angling #aai ,,xxi4--,,trout ,,flies #acc ,,xxii4--,,casting ,,the ,,fly #ach ,,xxiii4--,,tackle ,,talks #adb ,,xxiv4--,,the ,,angler',s ,,kitchen #adi ,,xxv4--,,care ,,and ,,breeding ,,of ,,trout #aea ,,xxvi4--,,the ,,angler',s ,,clothing ,,and ,,footwear #aec ,,xxvii4--,,little ,,casts #aee ,,xviii4--,,borrowed ,,lines #aeg ,,illustrations ,,page ,a ,,morning',s ,,catch ,,of ,,trout ,,near ,,spokane4 ,,washington ,frontispiece ,,brook ,,trout #h ,,malma 7,,dolly ,,varden7 ,,trout #h ,,lake 7,,mackinaw7 ,,trout #h ,,oquassa 7,,blue-,,back7 ,,trout #aj ,,brown ,,trout #aj ,,yellowstone ,,trout #aj ,,saibling ,,trout 7,,long-,,fin ,,charr7 #aj ,,rainbow ,,trout #ab ,,lake ,,tahoe ,,trout #ab ,,steel-,,head ,,trout #ab ,,an ,,unusual ,,way ,,of ,,taking ,,the ,,fly #df ,,the ,,trout ,,brook #ff ,the ,determined ,angler ,,chapter ,i ,,the ,,holy ,,anglers ,the greater number of them ,christ's disciples were found together1 fishing1 by ,jesus1 after ,his ,resurrection4--,,izaak ,,walton4 444 certain poor fishermen coming in very weary after a night of toil 7and one of them very wet after swimming ashore7 found their ,master standing on the bank of the lake waiting for them4 ,but it seems that ,he must have been busy in their behalf while he was waiting2 for there was a bright fire of coals on the shore1 and a goodly fish broiling thereon1 and bread to eat with it4 ,and when the ,master had asked them about their fishing he said3 ',come1 now1 and get your breakfast4' ,so they sat down around the fire1 and with ,his own hands he served them with the bread and the fish4--,,henry ,,van ,,dyke4 ,the first men that our ,saviour dear ,did choose to wait upon ,him here4 ,blest fishers were4444 ,w4 ,,basse4 ,i would 444 fish in the sky whose bottom is pebbly with stars4--,,thoreau4 ,the principal fishes of the ,sea of ,galilee to-day are the same as they were two thousand years ago--bream and chub4 ,these were taken in olden times by both net and hook and line4 ,the fishermen whom ,christ chose as ,his disciples--,peter4 ,andrew1 ,james1 and ,john--were professional net fishermen1 but hook and line fishing was a favorite pastime of the well-to-do ,egyptians as well as the poor people who could not afford a net4 ,weirs not unlike the modern article were used in the ,holy ,land in ,bible time1 excepting on ,lake ,gennesaret1 where the law of the land forbade them4 ,the bream and the chub were eaten alike by rich and poor people4 ,wayfarers roasted them over chip fires in the groves and on the lake shores1 housewives boiled and broiled them1 and the wealthy man served them at his banquets4 ,moses1 the friend of ,god1 writes ,izaak ,walton1 in his immortal ,compleat ,angler1 quoting from ,lev4 xi41 #i1 ,deut41 xiv41 #i1 appointed fish to be the chief diet for the best commonwealth that ever yet was4 ,the mightiest feasts have been of fish4 ,our ,saviour fed the people on fish when they were hungry4 ,the species is not alluded to in the ,biblical paragraph1 but no doubt the fish feasts of the ,lord were mostly of chub and bream4 ,jesus loved fishermen and was in their society most of ,his time4 ,no other class of men were so well favored by ,him4 ,he inspired ,st4 ,peter1 ,st4 ,john1 ,st4 ,andrew1 and ,st4 ,james1 poor fishermen1 who drew their nets for the people1 and these four fishermen1 declares ,father ,izaak1 ,he never reproved for their employment or calling1 as he did scribes and money changers4 ,the ,lord's favorite places of labor and repose--the places ,he most frequented--were near the fishes and fisherman4 ,he began to teach by the seaside4 ,his pulpit was a fishing boat or the shore of a lake4 ,he was in the stern of the boat1 asleep4 ,he was always near the water to cheer and comfort those who followed it4 ,and ,walton tells us that when ,god intended to reveal high notions to ,his prophets ,he carried them to the shore1 that ,he might settle their mind in a quiet repose4 ,bream and chub are not monster fishes--they do not average the great weights of the tarpon and the tuna2 they are of the small and medium-size species2 so1 if the apostles were pleased with ye gods and little fishes1 we mortals of to-day should be satisfied with our catch1 be it ever so small4 ,,appellations ,,of ,,the ,,trouts ,trout1 ,bear3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,beardslee3 ,see ,crescent ,lake ,blue-,back ,trout1 ,black-spotted ,salmon ,trout1 ,blue-,back3 ,see ,oquassa ,trout ,trout1 ,brook ,trout1 ,brown ,trout1 ,canada3 ,see ,greenland ,trout ,trout1 ,canada ,sea3 ,see ,brook ,trout and ,greenland ,trout ,trout1 ,colorado ,river3 ,see ,black-,spotted ,trout1 ,columbia ,river3 ,see ,black-,spotted ,trout1 ,cousin3 ,see ,roach ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,blue-,back ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,long-,headed ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,speckled ,trout1 ,dolly ,varden3 ,see ,malma ,trout ,trout1 ,dublin ,pond ,trout1 ,european ,brown ,trout1 ,fresh-,water ,cod3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,golden3 ,see ,rainbow ,salmon ,trout and ,sunapee ,trout1 ,great ,lakes3 ,see ,mackinaw ,trout1 ,green3 ,see ,black ,bass ,trout1 ,green-,back ,trout1 ,greenland ,trout1 ,hard-,head3 ,see ,steel-,head ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,jordan ,trout1 ,kansas ,river3 ,see ,kansas ,river ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,kern ,river3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,lac de ,marbre ,trout1 ,lake ,trout1 ,lake ,salmon3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,lake ,southerland ,salmon ,trout1 ,lake ,southerland ,spotted3 ,see ,jordan's ,trout ,trout1 ,lake ,tahoe3 ,see ,lake ,tahoe ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,lewis3 ,see ,yellowstone ,trout ,trout1 ,loch ,leven ,trout1 ,lunge3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,mackinaw3 ,see ,mackinaw ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,mackinaw ,lake ,trout1 ,malma ,trout1 ,marston3 ,see ,lac de ,marbre ,trout ,trout1 ,mountain3 ,see ,brook ,trout1 ,small-,mouth ,black ,bass1 and ,rainbow ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,mt4 ,whitney3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,mucqua ,lake3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,namaycush3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,namaycush ,lake ,trout1 ,nissuee3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,noshee3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,oquassa ,trout1 ,pickerel3 ,see ,long ,island ,pickerel ,trout1 ,pickerel3 ,see ,long ,island ,pickerel ,trout1 ,pike3 ,see ,long ,island ,pickerel ,trout1 ,pike3 ,see ,long ,island ,pickerel ,trout1 ,rainbow3 ,see ,rainbow ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,rainbow ,lake3 ,see ,rainbow ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,red3 ,see ,lac de ,marbre ,trout ,trout1 ,red-,spotted3 ,see ,malma ,trout ,trout1 ,rio ,grande3 ,see ,rio ,grande ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,rio ,grande ,salmon ,trout1 ,saibling ,trout1 ,salmon ,trout1 ,sea3 ,see ,greenland ,trout and ,brook ,trout ,trout1 ,silver3 ,see ,black-,spotted ,salmon ,trout and ,lake ,tahoe ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,siskawitz3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,siscowet3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,stone's3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,sunapee ,trout1 ,tahoe ,trout1 ,togue3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,truckee3 ,see ,lake ,tahoe ,trout1 ,tuladi3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,utah ,trout1 ,waha ,lake3 ,see ,waha ,lake ,salmon ,trout ,trout1 ,waha ,lake ,salmon ,trout1 ,western ,oregon ,brook3 ,see ,rainbow ,trout1 ,white3 ,see ,sunapee ,trout1 ,winipiseogee3 ,see ,lake ,trout ,trout1 ,yellow-,fin ,trout1 ,yellowstone ,,chapter ,,ii ,,histories ,,of ,,the ,,trouts--,,how ,,the ,,angler ,,takes ,,them ,trout1 ,brook 7,speckled ,trout1 ,mountain ,trout4 ,fontinalis1 ,speckled ,beauty1 ,spotted ,trout1 etc473 ,caught in the spring and summer in clear streams1 lakes1 and ponds1 on the artificial fly4 ,favors eddies1 riffles1 pools1 and deep spots under the banks of the stream and near rocks and fallen trees4 ,feeds on small fish1 flies1 and worms4 ,breeds in the autumn4 ,weighs up to ten pounds in large waters4 ,there is a record of one weighing eleven pounds4 ,this specimen was taken in northwestern ,maine4 ,averages three quarters of a pound to one pound and a half in the streams1 and one pound to three pounds in the lakes and ponds4 ,occurs between latitude #cb-a_/b deg4 and #ee deg41 in the lakes and streams of the ,atlantic watershed1 near the sources of a few rivers flowing into the ,mississippi and the ,gulf of ,mexico1 and some of the southern affluents of ,hudson ,bay1 its range being limited by the western foothills of the ,alleghanies1 extending about three hundred miles from the coast1 except about the ,great ,lakes1 in the northern tributaries of which it abounds4 ,it also inhabits the headwaters of the ,chattahoochee1 in the southern spurs of the ,georgia ,alleghanies and tributaries of the ,catawba in ,north ,carolina1 and clear waters of the great islands of the ,gulf of ,st4 ,lawrence--,anticosti1 ,cape ,breton4 ,prince ,edward1 and ,newfoundland2 and abounds in ,new ,york1 ,michigan1 ,connecticut1 ,pennsylvania4 ,maine1 ,long ,island1 ,canada1 ,wisconsin1 ,new ,hampshire1 and ,massachusetts4 ,for the larger specimens use a six-ounce fly rod2 for the tiny mountain specimens1 a four-ounce fly rod4 ,leaders3 ,single1 fine1 and long4 ,reel3 ,small click4 ,flies3 #f to #ad on the streams and #d to #f on the lakes and ponds4 ,patterns3 ,quaker1 ,oak1 ,coachman1 ,dark ,stone1 ,red ,hackle4 ,blue ,bottle1 ,bradford1 ,wren1 ,cahil1 ,brown ,drake4 ,brandreth1 ,canada1 ,page1 ,professor1 ,codun1 ,dark ,coachman1 and the ,palmers--green1 gray1 red1 and brown4 ,use dark colors on bright days and early in the season2 lighter shades on dark days1 in the evening1 and as the season grows warmer4 ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,blue-,back 7,salmo beardsleei73 ,beardslee ,trout1 etc4 ,a deep-water fish weighing up to fourteen pounds1 found only in ,crescent ,lake4 ,washington1 and taken during ,april1 ,may1 ,june1 and ,october1 chiefly on the troll4 ,leaps from the water when hooked4 ,color3 ,upper1 deep blue ultramarine2 lower1 white4 ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,long-,headed 7,salmo bathaecetor73 ,closely related to the ,steel-,head ,trout4 ,a deep-water fish of ,lake ,crescent1 ,washington1 caught only on set lines within a foot of the bottom4 ,will not come to the surface2 will not take the fly or trolling spoon4 ,somewhat resembles the speckled trout of ,crescent ,lake1 though more slender and of lighter color4 ,trout1 ,crescent ,lake ,speckled 7,salmo crescentis73 ,closely resembles the ,steel-,head4 ,weighs up to ten pounds4 ,found in ,crescent ,lake1 ,washington4 ,an excellent game fish4 ,illustration3 ,brook ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,malma 7,dolly ,varden7 ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,lake 7,mackinaw7 ,trout4 ,trout1 ,dublin ,pond 7,salvelinus agassizii73 ,inhabitant of ,center and ,dublin ,pond and ,lake ,monadnock1 etc41 ,new ,hampshire4 ,differs from the ,brook ,trout in being pale gray in color and more slender4 ,reaches a length of eight inches4 ,brook ,trout tackle4 ,trout1 ,green-,back 7,salmo stomias73 ,a small black-spotted species1 inhabiting the head waters of the ,arkansas and ,platte rivers2 abundant in brooks1 streams1 and shallow parts of lakes4 ,common in the waters near ,leadville and in ,twin ,lakes1 ,colorado1 in company with the ,yellow-,fin ,trout1 which see4 ,weighs up to one pound4 ,trout1 ,greenland 7,canada ,sea ,trout73 ,caught in midsummer on medium ,brook ,trout tackle in ,labrador1 the rivers of considerable size in ,canada1 and the lakes of ,greenland4 ,rivals the ,atlantic ,salmon in size1 and is a fine sporting species4 ,averages two pounds in weight4 ,it frequents the sandy pits that are uncovered at half-tide4 ,higher up the rivers it is found in the pools4 ,trout1 ,jordan's 7,salmo jardani73 ,lake ,southerland ,spotted ,trout1 etc4 ,inhabits ,lake ,southerland1 west of ,puget ,sound4 ,caught on the artificial fly as late as ,october1 and is a great leaper4 ,is black-spotted4 ,resembles the ,utah ,trout in color and the ,steel-head ,trout in shape4 ,trout1 ,kamloops 7,salmo kamloops73 ,stit-tse1 etc4 ,a form of the ,steel-,head4 ,abounds in ,okanogan1 ,kamloops1 ,kootenai lakes1 and other waters tributary to the ,frazer and upper ,columbia rivers4 ,taken chiefly on the troll4 ,a large1 gamy1 graceful1 slender fish4 ,color3 ,dark olive above1 bright silvery below4 ,trout1 ,lac de ,marbre 7,salvelinus marstoni73 ,marston ,trout1 etc4 ,found in ,lac de ,marbre1 near ,ottawa1 the lakes of the ,lake ,st4 ,john district1 ,lac a ,cassette in ,rimouski county1 and ,lake ,soccacomi and the ,red ,lakes in ,maskinonge ,county1 ,canada4 ,takes the fly readily4 ,color3 ,upper1 dark brown2 below1 whitish pink unspotted4 ,reaches a length of one foot4 ,trout1 ,lake 7,togue1 ,fresh-,water ,cod1 ,tuladi4 ,lunge1 etc473 ,caught on medium tackle with the troll and minnow bait in deep water1 and1 early in the season1 near the surface1 the young rising to artificial trout flies in rapid water4 ,occurs in all the great lakes of ,new ,brunswick and in many similar waters in ,maine4 ,attains a weight of twenty-one pounds4 ,haunts deep water as a rule1 though often steals to the shoals and shores in search of food1 small fish1 early in the morning and at twilight4 ,trout1 ,lake 7,siscowet1 ,siskawitz73 ,caught on medium tackle and small-fish bait along the north shores of ,lake ,superior4 ,haunts deep water and feeds upon a species of sculpin4 ,attains a weight of thirty pounds2 averages four pounds4 ,its habits closely resemble those of the ,mackinaw ,lake ,trout4 ,trout1 ,lake 7,mucqua1 ,bear ,trout1 etc473 ,caught in deep water on medium tackle and small-fish bait on the south shore of ,lake ,superior4 ,closely resembles the ,siscowet ,lake ,trout of the same lake1 if it is not1 as many think1 merely a local variety of the same form4 ,illustration3 ,oquassa 7,blue-back7 ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,brown ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,yellowstone ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,saibling ,trout 7,long-fin ,charr74 ,trout1 ,lake 7,winipiseogee ,trout73 ,caught on medium tackle and small-fish bait in ,lake ,winipiseogee and supposedly in ,lake ,george4 ,trout1 ,lake 7,mackinaw ,trout1 ,namaycush1 ,lake ,salmon1 ,salmon ,trout1 etc473 ,caught with medium tackle on the troll and with minnow bait in deep water in the chain of ,great ,lakes from ,superior to ,ontario1 also in ,lake ,champlain1 ,new ,york1 and other lakes of the ,united ,states and ,british ,america1 occurring also to the northeastward1 in ,mackinaw ,river and in the ,knowall ,river1 ,alaska4 ,is known as ,mackinaw ,trout in ,lakes ,huron1 ,michigan1 and ,superior1 and as ,lake ,salmon and ,salmon ,trout in the lakes of northern ,new ,york4 ,is said to attain a weight of ninety pounds and a length of six feet4 ,trout1 ,malma 7,dolly ,varden ,trout1 ,bull ,trout4 ,speckled ,trout1 ,lake ,trout1 ,red-,spotted ,trout4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,chewagh1 etc473 ,caught on ,brook ,trout tackle in fresh water and ,black ,bass tackle in the ocean4 ,occurs in northern ,california1 west of the ,cascade ,range1 throughout the ,aleutian ,islands1 and northward to ,colville ,river in ,alaska1 and is not unknown at ,behring ,island1 and ,plover ,bay1 ,siberia4 ,taken in the sea it is called ,salmon ,trout2 in the lakes it is called by all the names parenthesized above4 ,in salt water it feeds upon shrimp1 smelt1 young trout1 sand lance1 anchovy1 herring1 etc42 in fresh water small fish1 worms1 etc4 ,weighs up to fourteen pounds in the ocean2 averages smaller in the lakes4 ,trout1 ,oquassa 7,blue-,back ,trout73 ,caught on ,brook ,trout tackle in the lakes of western ,maine4 ,new ,york1 and ,new ,hampshire4 ,attains a length of ten inches4 ,trout1 ,saibling3 ,caught on ,brook ,trout tackle in ,massachusetts1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,hampshire1 and ,wisconsin4 ,a native of northwestern ,europe1 introduced in ,american ,brook ,trout waters4 ,trout1 ,sunapee 7,salvelinus aureolus73 ,american ,saibling1 ,white ,trout1 ,golden ,trout1 ,charr1 etc4 ,a native of ,sunapee ,lake1 ,n4 ,h41 and ,flood ,pond4 ,ellsworth1 ,maine1 now being introduced in other lakes4 ,favors deep water2 takes live bait4 ,weighs up to twelve pounds4 ,trout1 ,utah 7,salmo virginalis73 ,abounds in the streams and lakes of ,utah west of the ,wasatch ,mountains--in ,utah ,lake and the ,sevier1 ,jordan1 ,bear1 and ,provo rivers4 ,weighs up to twelve pounds4 ,trout1 ,yellow-,fin 7,salmo macdonaldi73 ,found in ,twin ,lakes1 ,colorado1 in company with the ,green-,back ,trout1 from which it is distinct in color1 habits1 and size4 ,weighs up to nine pounds4 ,is caught on the artificial fly and with the troll4 ,favors gravel bottom in deep water4 ,trout1 ,yellowstone 7,salmo lewisi73 ,abundant in ,yellowstone ,lake1 ,wyoming1 and throughout the ,snake ,river ,basin above ,shoshone ,falls1 and the headwaters of the ,missouri4 ,illustration3 ,rainbow ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,lake ,tahoe ,trout4 ,illustration3 ,steel-head ,trout4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,black-,spotted 7,silver ,trout1 ,black ,trout1 ,black-,spotted ,trout1 ,preestl1 etc473 ,caught on the artificial fly in the ,rocky ,mountain region1 the lakes of ,new ,mexico1 ,utah1 ,western ,colorado1 ,wyoming4 ,idaho1 ,montana1 ,oregon1 and ,washington4 ,the young are abundant in ,puget ,sound1 and are occasionally taken along the ,california coast4 ,weighs up to thirty pounds4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,brown 7,brown ,trout1 etc473 ,caught on the artificial fly practically the same as ,brook ,trout are taken4 ,same rods1 tackle1 and flies4 ,introduced in this country from ,europe4 ,weighs up to twenty pounds4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,kansas ,river3 ,caught on ,brook ,trout tackle from the ,kansas ,river to the upper ,missouri4 ,reaches twenty-four inches in length4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,lake ,southerland 7,salmo declivifrons73 ,found only in ,lake ,southerland4 ,reaches a length of ten inches2 is very gamy2 takes the fly1 and leaps4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,lake ,tahoe 7,lake ,tahoe ,trout1 ,silver ,trout1 ,black ,trout1 etc473 ,caught in ,lake ,tahoe4 ,pyramid ,lake1 and the streams of the ,sierra ,nevada on ,brook ,trout tackle4 ,weighs up to twenty pounds4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,loch ,leven 7,loch ,leven ,trout1 etc473 ,introduced to this country from ,europe1 in streams in ,michigan1 ,maine1 and other ,states4 ,is taken on the artificial fly the same as ,brook ,trout4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,rainbow 7,rainbow ,trout1 ,golden ,trout1 ,golden ,salmon1 ,brook ,trout1 ,speckled ,trout4 ,mountain ,trout1 etc473 ,caught with the artificial fly in fresh streams and salt rivers4 ,occurs from near the ,mexican line to ,oregon and has been successfully introduced in the ,eastern and ,northern ,states1 where it is taken upon ordinary ,brook ,trout tackle--light fly rod1 fine leader1 click reel1 etc4 ,flies1 same as those flailed for ,brook ,trout4 ,season3 ,same as ,brook ,trout4 ,weighs up to six pounds4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,rio ,grande3 ,abundant in the headwaters of the ,rio ,grande1 ,rio ,colorado1 and their tributaries2 occurs in ,bear ,river and the streams of ,utah4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,steel-,head 7,hard-,head1 ,steel-,head ,trout1 etc473 ,caught mostly in nets4 ,reaches a weight of twenty-two pounds4 ,found along the ,pacific coast from the ,sacramento ,river northward to ,alaska4 ,abundant in the ,columbia and ,frazer rivers in the spring4 ,inhabits river-mouths4 ,salmon ,trout1 ,waha ,lake 7,waha ,lake ,trout1 etc473 ,caught on ,brook ,trout tackle4 ,a local form of the ,black-,spotted ,salmon ,trout1 found in ,waha ,lake1 a landlocked mountain tarn in ,washington4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,angler ,,and ,,the ,,fisherman ,one profound proof of the soundness in the philosophy that teaches against wantonly wasteful slaughter in the chase is the disinclination on the part of certain so-called sportsmen--a vulgar gentry that resort to the woods and waters solely because it is fashionable to do so--and their guides to honorably dispose of their game after the killing4 ,these greedy snobs are viciously adverse to losing a single bird or fish in the pursuit1 but they think little of letting the game rot in the sun after the play4 ,with this fact easily provable any day in the year1 it may be said that outside of market fishing and camp fishing for the pot the one real object in fishing and angling is the pursuit itself and not the quarry4 ,in baseball1 it's the game1 not the bases2 in archery1 it's the straightest shooting1 not the target4 ,true1 we play cards for prizes1 but surely as much for the game itself1 not altogether for the prizes1 because it is possible to buy the prizes or their equivalent outright or take the prizes by force4 ,my bayman develops fits bordering closely upon incurable hysteria if ,i lose a single bluefish in the play1 but he worries not when he goes ashore with a sloopful of hand-liners and half a hundred fish he cannot make good use of4 ,pull it in6 you'll lose it6 ,we could catch a hundred if you wouldn't fool6 ,the other boats'll beat us badly6 ,there's a million right 'round the boat6 ,these are a few of his excitable expressions4 ,but1 when ,i say to him1 ,what's the difference1 ,captain1 in losing one or two fish here and wasting half a hundred on shore8 he calms down for a minute or two4 ,only for a minute or two1 however1 for he's in the game solely for fish1 not the fishing4 ,it's all numbers and size with him1 and he's encouraged in this greed by nine out of every ten men he takes aboard his boat4 ,we caught fifty1 says ,tom4 ,we caught a hundred and ten1 says ,dick4 ,we caught two hundred and sixty1 says ,harry4 ,and so the bayman brags1 too1 because it's purely business with him4 ,i have always found the greatest pleasure in fishing is the fishing and not the blood and bones associated with the pursuit4 ,i would rather take five fair fish on fine tackle correctly manipulated than fill the hold with a hundred horrid monsters mastered by mere strength1 as in hand-line trolling for bluefish in the ocean and for muskellonge1 etc41 in fresh water4 ,but1 says ,captain ,getemanyway1 ,i can catch more fish with a hand-line than you can with your fine rod and reel4 ,of course you can1 ,i reply1 and you could catch more if you used a net1 a stick of dynamite1 or a shotgun4 ,if it's the fish alone that is the object of the ,angler's eye1 why resort to any sort of tackle when there's a fish stall in every bailiwick8 ,there is great need of enlightenment in the common ethics of angling4 ,many persons are under the impression that quantity rather than quality makes the ,angler's day4 ,according to their view of the pursuit1 fishing is judged by figures1 as in finance--glory to the man with the biggest balance4 ,this is not so1 because with this view accepted1 ,rockefeller would shine above ,christ1 ,shakespeare1 and ,lincoln4 ,the mere catch--the number of fish taken--is only one little detail2 it is not all of angling4 ,if it were1 the superior fisherman would be the man who got his fish in any manner4 ,some of our greatest ,anglers purposely never excel in the matter of numbers4 ,the ,angler's true qualities are based on the application of correct tackle1 correct methods in fishing1 and a correct appreciation of the pursuit1 the game1 the day1 and the craft4 ',tis the day and the play1 not the heads and hides that count4 ,an ancient writer says of the royal hounds3 ,the hunter loves to see the hounds pursue the hare1 and he is glad if the hare escapes4 ,so it is in angling2 we do not wish to catch all the fish we can take in any fashion4 ,we want to take some of them in a proper manner with appropriate implements4 ,i can catch more trout with the angleworm and more bass with the trolling spoon than you can with the artificial fly1 says ,robert4 ,of course you can1 ,robert1 say ,i1 and you could catch still more if you spread a screen across the tiny stream or set a trap1 or if you used a set line with a hundred hooks1 just as the target shooter might more readily puncture the circle with a charge of shot than with the single bullet1 or just as the greedyman with a blunderbuss might excel in number the wing shot by potting quail bunched on the ground instead of chivalrously bagging single birds on the wing with a pertinent arm4 ,the neophyte always confounds the angler with the indiscriminate fisherman and so implicates the angler in the cruelty and wastefulness associated with mere chance fishing1 when in fact the ,angler is the real propagator and protector of the fishes1 and is in no sense cruel or wasteful4 ,the laws that prohibit greedy catches1 and protect the mother fish in breeding time1 are made by1 enforced by1 and supported financially by the ,angler4 ,the rearing of the fishes that are placed in depleted waters was originated by1 is conducted by1 and is paid for by the ,angler4 ,no other class has earnestly bothered its head1 honestly lifted its hands1 or liberally opened its purse in these matters1 and the nearest association man in general has with the preservation of both wild fish and fowl is in uttering a cowardly1 false accusation against the one who really deserves sole credit for the work1 the sportsman1 the genuine field sportsman1 not the vicious sporting man of the race track1 cockpit1 and gambling den--two distinct species of animal1 as vastly separated in character as the deerhound and the dragon4 ,and why this charge against the innocent8 ,simply because the guilty wish to shield and profit themselves1 as the thief cries fire that he may pick your pocket in the panic that ensues4 ,but then there is a well meaning but wholly unenlightened element1 that1 influenced by the cry of the methodical spoiler1 ignorantly condemns the honest man--the really humane men and women who are sincere in their condemnation but totally ignorant of their subject4 ,one of this sort1 an estimable woman in public life1 loudly preaches against the chase and is all the time drawing dividends that provide her with the means to indulge in the vulgarest and cruelest of fashionable extravagances--among them the wool of the unborn lamb1 furs from the backs of fast-disappearing quadrupeds1 and feathers of the farmers' most valuable insect-destroying song birds--and these wicked dividends derived from several acid factories1 a gas house1 a power plant1 and a dye works that have not only killed off the trillions of fishes in several rivers but destroyed forever the very habitat of the species6 ,another of this sort is well exemplified in the character of an old gentleman in ,pennsylvania who loudly proclaims against trout fishing1 but who utterly ruins nearly eight miles of trout water1 once the home of thousands of lordly fish1 by permitting his mill hands to run off sawdust in the streams4 ,this poor1 ignorant soul objects to you and me chivalrously taking half a dozen specimens on the fly--catching the cunning trout with an imitation of the living thing itself destroys by the thousands for food and play--while he mercilessly slaughters the entire immediate supply1 and prevents further propagation of the whole species with the refuse of his forest-devastating1 money-making machine4 ,true1 the ,angler like all fishermen1 and like the fishes themselves1 kills his specimens1 but this killing is ordained by nature herself--at least it has better grounds for excuse1 if excuse it needs1 than that ten-fold more destructive killing by the fishes that not only slay for food1 but actually mutilate millions upon millions of their kind for the mere play afforded them in this practice--and though the ,angler may be in the wrong when he humanely dispatches a few of the batch he breeds1 he is not as hopeless as the wanton fisher1 or as brutal as the unenlightened reformers1 the so-called humane lady with the fashionable furs and feathers of fast-disappearing species she never turns a hair to replenish or protect1 and the old gentleman hypocrite with his murderous sawmill4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,fly-,,fishing ,of all sports1 commend me to angling2 it is the wisest1 virtuousest1 best4--,,thomas ,,hood4 ,when ,i go fishing1 it is for the purpose of catching fish2 when ,i go angling--fly-fishing--it is the soul ,i seek to replenish1 not the creel4 ,one of the charms of angling1 says ,pritt1 is that it presents an endless field for argument1 speculation1 and experiment4 ,true1 but ,anglers have no argument in the first feature of their pastime--the object of it4 ,fishermen and men who do not go fishing or angling argue that the object sought by the ,angler is the fish1 but ,anglers all agree that the game is but one of the trillion of pleasant things that attract them to the pursuit of it4 ,they argue and speculate and experiment in the matter of rods and tackle1 and they argue as to the virtues of the various species1 the qualities of the waters1 the conditions of the weather1 but they have ever been and ever will be calmly agreed as to the object of it all--the love of studying rather than destroying the game1 the love of the pursuit itself4 ,they angle because of its healthfulness1 and the consequent exhilaration of mind and body that attends the gentle practice1 not merely for the fishes it may procure them1 or for the sake of killing something1 as the unenlightened person charges1 for the death of an animal1 to the ,angler1 is the saddest incident of his day4 ,all things animate1 man included1 were made to kill and to be killed4 ,the only crimes in killing are in killing our own kind1 and in killing any kind inhumanly4 ,and1 of all creatures1 the ,angler is the least offender in these crimes4 ,the very game he seeks1 though beautiful and gentle to the eye1 and1 at times1 noble in deed and purpose1 is the most brutal killer of all the races--the lovely trout in its attacks upon gaudy flies1 the valiant bass and pike in devouring their smaller brethren1 and the multitudinous sea-fishes1 not alone in their feeding upon one another1 but in their wanton murder of the millions upon millions of victims of their pure love of slaughter4 ,but1 of fly-fishing for brook trout3 ,fly-fishing1 says ,dr4 ,henshall1 is the poetry of angling2 and the genuine ,angler1 says ,frederick ,pond1 is invariably a poet4 ,fly-fishing1 the highest order of angling1 is indulged in in several forms--in fresh water for salmon1 trout1 black bass1 grayling1 perch1 pike-perch1 pickerel 7,long ,island brook pickerel71 sunfish1 roach1 dace1 shad1 herring 7branch71 etc42 in brackish water for shad1 trout1 white perch1 etc42 and in salt water for bluefish 7young71 herring 7common71 mackerel1 and--doubt not1 kind sir1 for ,i am prepared to prove it--squeteague 7weakfish71 plaice 7fluke1 summer flounder71 and other species of both bottom and surface habitats--another endless field for argument1 speculation1 and experiment4 ,as there are many forms of fly-fishing1 so are there many ways of fly-fishing for trout1 and many kinds of trout1 the various forms of brook trout1 lake trout1 and sea trout4 ,volumes would be required to discourse intelligently upon all these forms of trout and fly-fishing for them2 so ,i purpose in this particular instance to confine myself to one species and one form of trout and one order of fly-fishing4 ,the trout referred to is the true brook trout1 scientifically alluded to as ,salvelinus fontinalis and commonly called1 besides brook trout 7its most popular name71 speckled trout1 mountain trout1 speckled beauty1 spotted trout1 etc4 ,the fly-fishing treated of is that popular form that is most indulged in by the ,eastern trout fly-fisherman--small-stream fishing in the mountains and wooded level lands that carries us1 as ,davy wrote as far away as #ahbh1 into the most wild and beautiful scenery of nature to the clear and lovely streams that gush from the high ranges of elevated hills4 ,above all other styles of fly-fishing1 it calls for the most delicate tackle and the very daintiest hand4 ,how delightful1 says the author of ,salmonia1 in the early spring1 after the dull and tedious time of winter1 when the frosts disappear and the sunshine warms the earth and waters1 to wander forth by some clear stream1 to see the leaf bursting from the purple bud1 to scent the odors of the bank perfumed by the violet1 and enameled1 as it were1 with the primrose and the daisy2 to wander upon the fresh turf below the shade of trees1 whose bright blossoms are filled with the music of the bee2 and on the surface of the waters to view the gaudy flies sparkling like animated gems in the sunbeams1 whilst the bright and beautiful trout is watching them from below2 to hear the twittering of the water-birds1 who1 alarmed at your approach1 rapidly hide themselves beneath the flowers and leaves of the water-lily2 and1 as the season advances1 to find all these objects changed for others of the same kind1 but better and brighter1 till the swallow and the trout contend as it were for the ,may fly1 and till in pursuing your amusement in the calm and balmy evening you are serenaded by the songs of the cheerful thrush1 performing the offices of paternal love in thickets ornamented with the rose and woodbine4 ,the other forms of fly-fishing for trout1 the pursuit of larger specimens of the same species in larger waters1 the lakes and ponds and rivers--all equally inviting by their gentle requirements and the beautiful scenery of nature--deserve special treatment1 because1 as in fly-fishing for salmon 7salmo salar71 the very top notch of all forms of angling1 the play1 the player1 the scenes1 and the accessories are sufficiently different to confound the reader ,i am mainly endeavoring to amuse with these particular lines4 ,small stream fly-fishing for brook trout belongs in a class just between fly-fishing for the brook trout of broader waters1 the lakes and ponds1 and fly-fishing for salmon in the lordly rivers of ,maine and ,canada4 ,the brook trout is angled for in the spring and summer1 principally with the artificial fly1 and by the chivalric ,angler only with the artificial fly1 though many greedy fishermen of trifling experience and wholly deprived of the true spirit of angling--in that they fish for the fish alone and judge their day and play solely by the size of their catch--contrive to convince us that the live lure is equally honorable1 notwithstanding that the cruel1 clumsy1 uncleanly1 unfair1 wasteful practice of live-bait trout fishing is condemned by every truly gentle disciple and practical authority4 ,most advocates of live-bait trout fishing1 who would have us believe that their method is entitled to recognition in the same category with fly-fishing1 proudly proclaim that this should be because they can catch more fish with the worm or minnow than the ,angler can catch with his fly4 ,if this reasoning is to settle the debate1 if killing and quantity compose the ,angler's axiom1 why not resort to still more productive means--dynamite1 or net the stream instead of gently fishing it8 ,no1 the trout fly-fisherman abhors trout bait-fishing for the same reason the wing shot prefers his appropriate arm to a cannon2 the yachtsman1 his gentle craft to a man-o'-war2 the horseman1 his trained mount to a locomotive2 the archer1 his arrow instead of a harpoon2 and so ,i might go on in similes that would burlesque every form of recreative amusement in the world4 ,the brook trout breeds in the autumn1 favors eddies1 riffles1 pools1 and deep spots under the banks of the stream1 and near rocks and fallen trees1 and feeds on flies1 small fish1 worms1 and other small life forms4 ,its shape1 weight1 size1 and color are influenced by its food1 its age1 its activity1 its habitat1 and its habits4 ,its color corresponds to the color of the water bottom and will change as the water bottom changes4 ,if removed to a new water1 where the bottom color is different from the bottom color of its first abode--lighter or darker1 as the case may be1--it will gradually grow to a corresponding shade1 blending with its new habitat just as its colors suited the stones and grasses and earthy materials of its native domain4 ,in weight1 the brook trout ranges up to ten pounds in large waters4 ,there is a record of one weighing eleven pounds4 ,this specimen was taken in ,northwestern ,maine4 ,the species averages threequarters of a pound to one pound and a half in the streams1 and one pound to three pounds in the lakes and ponds4 ,it occurs between latitude #cb-a_/b deg4 and #ee deg41 in the lakes and streams of the ,atlantic watershed1 near the sources of a few rivers flowing into the ,mississippi and the ,gulf of ,mexico1 and some of the southern affluents of ,hudson ,bay1 its range being limited by the western foothills of the ,alleghanies1 extending about three hundred miles from the coast1 except about the ,great ,lakes1 in the northern tributaries of which it abounds4 ,it also inhabits the headwaters of the ,chattahoochee1 in the southern spurs of the ,georgia ,alleghanies1 and tributaries of the ,catawba in ,north ,carolina and clear waters of the great islands of the ,gulf of ,st4 ,lawrence--,anticosti1 ,cape ,breton1 ,prince ,edward1 and ,newfoundland2 and abounds in ,new ,york1 ,michigan1 ,connecticut1 ,pennsylvania1 ,maine4 ,long ,island1 ,canada1 ,wisconsin1 ,new ,hampshire1 and ,massachusetts4 ,my favorite rod for stream trout fishing is a cork-handled1 all-lancewood rod of three or four ounces in weight and eight feet in length1 or a rod of similar length weighing four or five ounces and made of split bamboo--the best split bamboo of the best workmanship4 ,the cheap1 so-called split bamboo of the dry-goods store bargain 787 counter1 retailed for a price that would not pay for the mere wrapping of the correct article1 is a flimsy1 decorative thing1 and would collapse1 or1 worse still1 bend one way and stay that way1 if used on the stream4 ,the fly-rod material must be springy and resiliently so1 and the rod must be constructed so as to permit of this condition4 ,the reel ,i favor is a small1 narrow1 light1 all-rubber or narrow aluminum common-click reel1 holding twenty-five yards of the thinnest-calibered silk1 waterproof-enameled line4 ,my leader is a brown-stained one of silk gut1 twelve feet in length4 ,the leader should be fresh and firm1 flexible and fine1 not a dried-up1 brittle1 unyielding1 snappy snarl of the salesman's discarded sample box that breaks at the mere touch1 or releases the flies at the first cast or parts at the first strike--if by some miraculous mischance you get this far with it4 ,the leaders1 a half-dozen of them1 should be carried1 when not in actual use1 in a flat1 aluminum1 pocket-fitting box between two dampened flannel mats 7though not preserved this way in close season71 so as to have them thoroughly limp from being water soaked1 that you may more readily and more safely adjust them1 for break they surely will if handled in a dry state4 ,the willow creel1 in which the spoil of the day is deposited1 should be1 ,i think1 about the size of a small hand-satchel4 ,to this is fastened a leather strap1 with a broad1 shoulder-protecting band of stout canvas4 ,this ,i sling over the right shoulder1 allowing the creel to hang above the back part of the left hip where it will least interfere with me during the fight with fontinalis4 ,the landing net ,i use is a little one of egg shape1 made of cane with no metal whatsoever1 and it has a linen mesh about ten inches in width and eighteen inches in length4 ,the handle is a trifle over one foot in length4 ,to this ,i tie one end of a stout but light-weight flexible and small-calibered cord1 or a stretch of small rubber tube1 and the other end of this ,i tie to a button on my coat under my chin1 throwing the net over my left shoulder to lie on my back until called into service4 ,the clothing should be of dark-gray wool of light weight4 ,i wear a lightly woven gray sweater under my coat when the weather is cool4 ,i have plenty of pockets in my trouting coat1 and ,i make it a practice to tie a string to nearly everything ,i carry in them--shears1 hook-file1 knife1 match-box1 tobacco-pouch1 pipe1 purse1 field-glasses1 fly-book1 etc4--so that ,i will not mislay them ordinarily1 or drop them in the rushing current during some exciting moment4 ,the headgear ,i like is a gray1 soft felt hat of medium brim to protect my eyes in the sun and to sit upon in the shade4 ,the footwear may consist of waterproof ankle shoes attached to rubber or canvas trousers1 or of a pair of light1 close-fitting hip rubber boots4 ,some ,anglers wear rubber waterproof combined trousers and stockings and any sort of well-soled shoes4 ,in warm weather1 ,i affect nothing beyond a pair of old shoes with holes cut in both sides to let the water run freely in and out1 the holes not big enough to admit sand and pebbles4 ,the artificial flies are of many hundreds of patterns4 ,i have a thousand or two1 but half a hundred1 of sizes four to six for the lakes and ponds1 and six to fourteen for the small streams1 are enough to select from during a season2 two dozen are sufficient for a single trip1 half a dozen will do to carry to the stream for a day1--if you don't lose many by whipping them off or getting them caught in a tree1--and two are all ,i use for the cast1 though a cast of three flies is the favorite of many fishermen4 ,i amuse myself by presuming to have a special list for each month1 week1 day1 and hour1 but the extravagantly erratic notions of the trout forbid my recommending it to brother rodmen4 ,trout that show a preference for certain flies one day may the next day favor entirely different patterns4 ,sometimes they will take an imitation of the natural fly upon the water and at other times1 being gorged with the natural insect1 will only strike at some oddly colored concoction of no resemblance to any living thing in nature2 this in play1 or in anger1 and at other times out of pure curiosity4 ,an ,angler doesn't need a great number of flies--if he knows just what fly the game is taking4 ,you can't very well determine this half a hundred miles from the fishing2 so you take a variety with you and experiment4 ,the flies should be of the best make and freshest quality1 tied by a practical hand--some honest maker who is himself an ,angler--not the cheap1 dried-up1 wall-decorative1 bastard butterflies of the ladies' dry-goods shop1 that hybrid mess of gaudy waste ribbon-silk and barnyard feather1 the swindling output of the catch-penny shopman whose sweat help do not know--upon my word--the name or the purpose of the thing they make4 ,any six of the following list will kill well enough for a single day's pleasant fishing in any water at any time during the legal season3 ,dark ,coachman1 ,gray and ,green ,palmer1 ,ginger ,palmer1 ,alder1 ,scarlet ,ibis1 ,abbey1 ,imbrie1 ,professor1 ,conroy1 ,reuben ,wood1 ,march ,brown1 ,orvis1 ,white ,miller1 ,coachman4 ,royal ,coachman1 ,codun1 ,brown and ,red ,palmer1 ,brown ,hen1 ,queen of the ,water1 ,king of the ,water4 ,squires1 ,black ,gnat1 ,grizzly ,king1 ,quaker4 ,i use1 as a rule1 dark colors in clear water1 and on bright days and early in the season2 lighter shades in dull water and on dark days1 in the evening1 and as the season grows warmer2 but many ,anglers philosophize just the reverse--use light colors for early season fishing and somber hues for midsummer play--hence the endless arguments and experiments described as one of the charms of the craft4 ,i prefer1 as ,i have said1 two flies on the leader1 and my favorite of favorites for all times and all places is a cast made up of gnat-size pattern of dark-gray wing and pale-blue body1 and another of a peculiar drab-cream shade4 ,in throwing or casting the fly ,i never whip or flail the rod1 and ,i never cast with a long line when a short one will answer the purpose4 ,distance alone may count in a fly-casting contest1 but in the wild stream a careful short cast is more effective than a clumsy long one4 ,i angle with my shadow behind me1 and in casting the flies endeavor to allow only the flies to touch the water4 ,the line frightens the game1 and if a trout should take a fly on a loose1 wavy line1 he will not hook himself and he will blow the fly from his mouth before the ,angler is able to hook him4 ,in learning to cast the fly1 the young ,angler should start with the leader alone1 as ,i believe all fly-fishing is begun by old and young1 and as he lifts the flies from the water after the forward cast to make the backward motion he should simultaneously draw from the reel a half-yard of line and allow time for the flies to complete the whole circuit back of him4 ,in fly-fishing the cast is not made from the reel as in bait-casting2 the line is drawn from the reel a half-yard at a time with the left hand4 ,the line must fully straighten itself behind the ,angler ere it can be sent out straight before him4 ,the flies and at most only a little part of the leader should fall lightly upon the surface--as we imagine two insects1 entangled in a delicate cobweb1 might fall from a tree branch--and be drawn smartly but gently in little jerks a second or two in imitation of two tiny live-winged bugs fluttering in the water2 and then1 as the ,angler steps slowly1 firmly1 but silently and softly in the current downstream1 he should repeat the lifting of the flies1 the drawing off of more line from the reel1 and the circling backward cast that takes up the slack and gives the line its forward force4 ,thus he should continue1 deftly placing the lure in every likely spot ahead of him in the center of the brook and along its moss-lined1 flower-decked1 rock-bound or grass-fringed banks4 ,the ,angler is careful not to let the trout see him1 see his shadow1 or see the rod1 and not to let this wisest1 most watchful species of all the finny tribes hear him or feel the vibration of his body4 ,in hooking the trout the ,angler strikes the second the fish strikes--not by a violent arm movement1 but by a mere instantaneous nervous backward twist of the wrist1 as one would instinctively draw up his hand from the pierce of a needle point4 ,many trout are hooked the instant the leader is lifted for a new cast1 and many hook themselves without the slightest effort on the part of the ,angler4 ,when the fish is hooked he should not be flaunted in the air1 as the boy fisher yanks his pond perch4 ,the prize should be handled as if he were but slightly secured1 his head should be kept under water1 the line kept gently taut1 and the fish softly led out of noisy water and away from stones1 long grass1 submerged tree branches or logs4 ,if the catch is heavy enough to draw the line from the reel it is allowed to do so1 but the line should be kept taut and reeled in the second he hesitates4 ,there need be no hurry4 ,after a little while the game's rushes will cease2 then it should be reeled in1 care being taken not to arouse it again by the contact of a weed or stone4 ,the tip of the rod is now raised over the head and back of the ,angler until the butt points downward2 then1 if the fish has been reeled in near enough1 it is secured in the landing net1 tail first1 and carefully slid into the creel through the little square opening for this purpose in the lid4 ,if you1 reader mine1 should some day get as far as this glorious part of the play1 and the fish should be a small one1 be satisfied2 the true ,angler is ever of a contented heart2 if the fish should be too small1 set it free--the true ,angler is always humane and generous2 if it should prove fit to feed upon1 do not subject it to unnecessary suffering--skillfully kill it outright at once2 the true ,angler is manly and merciful4 ,and1 and--good luck to you1 brother4 ,,chapter ,v ,,walton',s ,,way ,more than half the intense enjoyment of fly-fishing is derived from the beautiful surroundings4--,,charles ,f4 ,,orvis4 ,a clause in a recent tariff bill prohibited the importation of some of the favorite artificial flies of the ,angler and likewise prohibited the importation of the materials used in making these flies1 particularly feathers and skins of the valuable song birds whose insect-eating prevents the destruction of the trees and other foliage absolutely necessary to the preservation of the planet upon which man lives4 ,this clause was fathered by the wise and welcome bird-protecting institutions known as the ,audubon ,societies1 and was intended to stop the infamous traffic in wild birds for millinery purposes1 which1 if not reformed1 means the utter extermination of the world's feathered friends4 ,the feathers and skins imported annually for artificial flies were to come under the same prohibition as millinery feathers4 ,england has a law prohibiting the importation of certain plumage1 but specific exception is made for the materials used in fly-making4 ,there was a foolish opposition to this clause on the part of a few professional fly tiers1 some of the fly dealers1 and a lot of fishermen1 and these men and women were loud in their declaration that the ,angler is also opposed to the clause1 which1 if allowed1 they think would injure the business of the professional fly maker1 fly dealer1 et al4 ,now the truth is3 ,no ,angler was opposed to the clause1 and the claim that the protection of valuable tree-saving birds would hurt trade of any sort is absurd4 ,the same sort of foolish objection was made to the introduction of the sewing-machine--it was said it would prevent a lot of hand-sewing workmen from making a living4 ,in a few years man will laugh at this silly and selfish individual cry against bird-protection with the same ridiculous spirit with which he now laughs at the old idiotic objection to the sewing-machine4 ,a writer in the ,new ,york ,sun says3 ,the first effect of prohibiting the importation of the feathers for flies will be to drive many back to bait-fishing4 ,an ,angler using bait should take ten trout for every one he could kill with a fly4 ,the ,government1 the ,states1 and clubs are spending large sums for the stocking of streams with trout4 ,the expenditure would scarcely be justified if there is to be bait-fishing in these streams--they would soon be fished out4 ,thousands who formerly used bait have taken up fly-fishing because it is better sport4 ,what does this writer mean by the word many--the many he thinks that will be driven back to bait fishing as the effect of the prohibition of the importation of the feathers for flies8 ,many what8 ,not ,anglers1 by any means1 because the ,angler would rather merely try to catch his trout with an artificial fly made from a feather duster than to be assured of catching the game with a worm or minnow or salmon egg4 ,the many refers to fishermen1 or professional fly tiers1 not ,anglers4 ,the ,angler and the ordinary fisherman are as far separated in character and nature as the hummingbird and the buzzard are separated in life and lesson4 ,the real opposer to bird-protection in this objection to the clause prohibiting the importation of bird feathers and skins is the commercial fellow1 and there is no commercial side to angling4 ,the ,angler is a student as well as a lover of nature1 and he knows that without the insect-eating birds there can be no trees1 that without trees there can be no waters1 that without waters there can be no fishes1 and that without fishes there can be no fishing4 ,the stupid fisherman can't surmount this1 and the commercial fly tier1 whose business alone teaches him enough of the angling art to be able to figure this natural science1 thinks too much of his money creel to admit it4 ,this pretended ignorance is called good business instinct1 and the ,angler doesn't object to men minding their own business1 but when business instinct runs wild and evokes the effrontery to imply that the ,angler1 a non-commercial being1 is opposed to the prohibition of earth-valuable bird extermination1 business instinct is going a little too far with its money-mad method4 ,the ,angler does not condemn the use of correct tackle2 he's a believer in it1 and just as he is sincere in his advocacy of proper tackle and in his immaculate use of proper tackle1 so is he sincere in his profound belief in correct methods in fishing4 ,the fisherman--the fellow who judges his day by the number of fishes he kills in any manner regardless of season and size--may resort to dynamite1 and he may not be in sympathy with any of the chivalric means1 manners1 and methods of any of the worldly matters1 but the ,angler is not of this stamp4 ,izaak ,walton1 the father of fishing1 never posed for his portrait with half a hundred dead fishes tied to his body4 ,ferns1 feathered friends1 flowers1 fair skies1 fine fishing tackle1 and fishes embellished his pictures4 ,the fish1 to the ,angler1 is only one feature--no doubt the main feature--of his favorite pastime1 and the killing of the fish is not a pleasant part of his pursuit2 the death of the game is1 to the ,angler1 a sad incident1 however happy the fisherman may be over the slaughter of his greedy mess1 and the ,angler1 therefore1 could not possibly derive the delights of his angling at the sacrifice of the lordly winged creatures he so repeatedly thanks his ,master for4 ,who ever read an ,angler's story without the song birds in it8 ,the expression gentle art is applied to angling and the ,angler4 ,who ever heard of the gentle art of fishing6 ,and angling is a gentle art2 so1 to practice it1 one must be gentle4 ,the ,angler will not resort to fishing with live bait if the few ,european artificial flies are excluded from his lures1 because he can catch all the fishes his gentle art entitles him to with the flies of home make4 ,the artificial flies of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland are lovely creations of practical as well as beautiful design1 and the ,angler adores them1 but1 since his gentle creel can be filled without them1 he'll not insist on their importation if it tends in the slightest manner toward the extermination of the very things that make possible the gentle art of angling--the birds and the trees1 without which the fishes themselves could not survive4 ,the world is not composed entirely of fishermen--the earth itself should not be sacrificed for a few against the multitude--and the ,angler1 the fisherman of quality1 is wise enough to appreciate this2 his individual pastime is not as important as the general welfare of the masses1 and it will be said that the fisherman1 who estimates quantity over quality1 is far less entitled to consideration4 ,angling is a pastime of a craft2 the birds1 the trees1 and the waters are necessities of a planet and its people4 ,fishing for the market--a distinct method from that of the ,angler and the common fisherman who fishes for the mere sake of killing and counting--is not concerned in this argument1 and may be dismissed with a brief word of commendation4 ,legitimately practiced1 discriminately carried on according to the law of man and nature1 it is even more admirable than angling and far more honorable than the wasteful pursuit of the vulgar amateur fisherman4 ,our ,saviour sanctioned net fishing2 chose simple fishermen for his disciples--,st4 ,andrew1 ,st4 ,peter1 ,st4 ,james1 and ,st4 ,john4 ,the expression1 fly fisherman1 may refer to the fisherman or the ,angler1 for there are lots of fly fishermen as well as mere fishermen who are not ,anglers1 for the reason that fly-fishing1 indulged in by a greedy hand1 can permit of ungentle fish-catching the same as bait-fishing4 ,both methods are equally destructive if not followed with strict rules of angling1 and all that need be said to properly define angling is that it is the poetry--the art and refinement--of fishing4 ,the common fisherman is simply a fish-basket filler2 the ,angler fills his soul1 not the creel4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,the ,,wanton ,,way ,there's an ,angler's law1 and a court or legal law4 ,the fisherman who adheres to the ,angler's law can't break the court law4--,,seth ,,fielding4 ,gentility in the limit of the catch and giving the fish its sporting chance on light tackle constitute the ethical soul of angling4 ,the fisherman who stops fishing when he has a few specimens is angling2 he's an ,angler4 ,the fisherman who fishes with no limit in his catch is merely fishing2 he's a fisherman1 not an ,angler4 ,any picture of a few fishes may illustrate the catch of the ,angler1 and the photograph on ,frontispiece shows the catch of the worst type of fisherman--the wanton fish exterminator who1 ignoring the ,angler's gentle law1 takes his greedy mess because it is according to the so-called legal law4 ,dr4 ,william ,t4 ,hornaday1 author of ,wild ,life ,conservation1 ,the ,american ,natural ,history1 ,our ,vanishing ,wild ,life1 etc41 and director of the ,new ,york ,zooelogical ,park1 has sent me the photograph of the greedyman's catch--made near ,spokane1 ,washington--with the following notes3 ,the great trouble in the matter of wasteful fish-catching is not so much with the people who catch fish as with the brutally destructive laws that permit fishermen to catch four or five times as many fish as they should4 ,there are a great many sportsmen who sincerely believe that it is all right to take all the fish and game of all kinds that the law allows4 ,whenever any destruction is waged on that basis ,i always charge it to the abominably liberal laws that in many cases seemed framed to promote destruction4 ,ninety-nine per cent4 of the streams of this country very soon will be so nearly destitute of fish that fishing will become a lost art4 ,in the ,rocky ,mountains the overfishing abuse is particularly vicious and destructive because in those cold streams the fish mature slowly1 their food is very scarce and dear1 and the fish are so hungry that they are easily caught4 ,it is an easy matter to completely fish out a mountain stream in the ,rocky ,mountain region or in the ,pacific ,states4 ,in the ,state of ,wyoming some very aggravated cases of wanton fish destruction by indifferent rod and line fishermen have lately been brought to my attention4 ,dr4 ,hornaday is an ,angler1 and his views and practices are endorsed by all ,anglers4 ,his great book on wild life conservation is brimful of practical detail and should be in the library of all who are interested in the preservation of our fishes1 birds1 and quadruped game4 ,here is a sample of the ,doctor's vigorous style in his admirable campaign against the exterminator3 ,a few years ago1 certain interests in ,pennsylvania raised a great public outcry against the alleged awful destruction of fish in the streams of ,pennsylvania by herons4444 ,a little later on1 however1 the game commissioners found that the herons remaining in ,pennsylvania were far too few to constitute a pest to fish life1 and furthermore1 the millinery interests appeared to be behind the movement4 ,under the new law the milliners were enabled to reopen in ,pennsylvania the sale of aigrettes1 because those feathers came from members of the unprotected ,heron ,family6 ,it required a tremendous ,state campaign to restore protection to the herons and bar out the aigrettes2 but it was accomplished in #aiab4 ,hereafter1 let no man for one moment be deceived by the claim that the very few-and-far-between herons1 bitterns1 and kingfishers that now remain in the ,united ,states1 anywhere1 are such a menace to fish life that those birds are a pest and deserve to be shot4 ,the inland streams of the ,united ,states and ,canada lack fishes because they have been outrageously overfished1--wastefully1 wickedly depleted1 without sense or reason1 by men who scorn the idea of conservation4 ,in ,orleans ,county1 ,new ,york1 a case was reported to me of a farmer who dynamited the waters of his own creek1 in spawning time6 ,the ,angler angles according to his own humanely conservative law4 ,the greedy fisherman fishes according to court or so-called legal law1 good or bad1 and he always breaks the ,angler's law and very often the court's law4 ,in viewing ,dr4 ,hornaday's ,spokane photograph note the bait-casting reel on the fly-casting rod--the rig of a clumsy as well as greedy fisherman4 ,the mess of trout shown is one that no ,angler would ever make and one that any gentleman would be ashamed of--three times too many fish for one rod1 as ,dr4 ,hornaday says1 another line of extermination according to law4 ,of course1 the ,doctor means the fisherman's law or the court's law1 not the ,angler's law4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,fly-,,fishing ,,for ,,trout ,the variety of rivers require different ways of angling4--,,izaak ,,walton1 ,the ,compleat ,angler4 ,the art of catching fish with artificial lures in imitation of natural insects is the most chivalric of all methods of angling4 ,fish1 particularly trout1 often hook themselves when they seize the fly of a fisherman using a pliant rod that will yield and spring freely4 ,as the game strikes1 the ,angler strikes1 hooking the fish swiftly but delicately by a simple turn of the wrist4 ,the trout is not flaunted up in the air by force1 as some coarse perch fishermen lift their catch4 ,the trout fisher does not use his arm at all in hooking a trout beyond aiding the hand in holding the rod for the wrist to do the work4 ,a practiced troutman can secure his fish by moving his hand five inches--a little backward nervous twist of the wrist4 ,trout often snap a fly and spit it out so quickly that the tyro does not have a chance to strike and hook the prize4 ,at other times they take hold more slowly1 and afford the beginner more opportunity to hook them1 and1 as ,i have said1 they very often hook themselves4 ,the beginner will have some trouble in overcoming the excitement or trout fever that always accompanies the trout's rise and strike1 but experience will gradually make him more calm and active at this important moment4 ,the tyro trout fisher is often more frightened at the rise of the trout than he would be at the flush of a noisy grouse or the springing of a surprised deer4 ,when you have hooked the fish1 always handle him as if he were but lightly secured4 ,do not attempt to lift him out or yank him up to you4 ,keep the line gently taut1 and softly lead the prize out of rough water or away from stones1 grasses1 logs1 or tree branches4 ,do not let him come to the surface until he is pretty well exhausted and you are about to put him in the landing-net4 ,if he is a large fish1 tow him ashore if the water edge will permit4 ,where there are overhanging banks this cannot be done4 ,do not be in a hurry to get him out of the water4 ,be calm and work carefully4 ,if the fish is large enough to overcome the reel click and run off the line1 let him do so1 but check him and guide him according to any obstruction there may be4 ,when he has rushed here and there for some little time with his mouth open and with a constant check--the line should always be taut--he will become tired1 and when he is tired he will not rush4 ,then softly reel him in1 being careful not to let him come in contact with a stone or weed1 which is sure to arouse him again4 ,reel him up quickly1 without making a splashing swoop1 and he will soon grace your creel4 ,several persons have expressed an objection to a list of flies ,i once named1 saying a good ,angler might kill just as many trout on quarter the number4 ,any ,angler can take even less than one quarter of the enumerated list and catch fully as many brook trout as one who might use all of the flies mentioned--if he can pick out the ones the trout are rising to without trying them all until he discovers the killing ones4 ,a chef might please his master with one or two of the forty courses billed1 if he knew what the man wanted4 ,sometimes an ,angler can judge the appropriate fly to use by observing nature in seeing trout rise to the live fly2 but1 there are times when trout are not rising1 times when they are tired of the fly upon the water1 and times when the real fly is not on the wing4 ,then the ,angler is expected to take matters in his own hands and whip about quietly until he discovers the proper patterns4 ,it is better to try for the right flies with a list of twenty-nine than whip over a list of a thousand or more4 ,i have learned from experience that trout1 like human beings1 are in love with a variety of foods at different times4 ,their tastes change with the months1 the weeks1 the days1 the hours1 and1 under certain conditions which ,i will presently explain1 the minutes4 444 fish will not bite constantly1 nor every day4 ,they have peculiar1 unexplainable moods that continuing favoring conditions of water1 wind1 and weather cannot control 7,eugene ,mc,carthy1 ,familiar ,fish74 ,when ,i mention twenty-nine different patterns as being seasonable at a stated period1 ,i do not mean to say that the trout will rise to them all and at any time and under all conditions4 ,in the first place1 the person using them might be a tyro unfamiliar with the gentle art1 the streams might be dried up1 there might be an earthquake1 the flies might be too large1 too coarse1 and for that matter a thousand other conditions might interfere4 ,i fish dozens of streams in different localities several times every month during the legal season1 and ,i have been a fond ,angler--if not a skillful one--since my tenth birthday4 ,experience on the streams1 a true love for nature1 and a careful attention to my notebook enable me to separate the artificial flies into monthly lists4 ,no man can class them into weekly or daily lots4 ,when a fly is said to be in season it does not follow that it is abroad on every day of its existence 7,alfred ,ronalds74 ,the ,eastern gentleman who said if he could have but one fly he would take a yellow one1 is probably a good ,angler1 for a yellow fly is a fair choice4 ,if ,i could have but one fly ,i should take a--ah6 ,i cannot name its color2 'tis the quaker1 a cream1 buff1 grayish1 honey-yellow shade4 ,beaverkill1 ,seth ,green1 ,ashey ,montreal1 ,dun4 ,wickham's ,fancy1 ,august ,brown are killing patterns in the ,pennsylvania streams4 ,trout change in their tastes by the month1 week1 day1 hour1 and minute4 ,there are flies among the list given for this or that month that they will not rise to to-day or perhaps to-morrow1 but surely there are some among the list that will please them1 and you have to discover those particular flies1 and so1 as ,i have said before1 'tis better to search among twenty-nine than twenty-nine hundred4 ,in ,july of a certain season ,i waded a stream in ,pennsylvania and had these flies with me3 ,quaker4 ,oak1 ,codun1 ,reuben ,wood1 ,white ,miller1 ,yellow ,sallie1 ,hare's ,ear1 ,iron ,dun1 ,brown ,palmer1 ,cahill1 and a few others4 ,the first day ,i killed eighteen trout in fishing fifty yards in a small stream running partly through a large open field and partly through bushes1 fishing from the left bank4 ,twelve were taken on a brown palmer1 four on a dark-gray midge1 and two on a tiny yellow-gold-brown fly4 ,i fished three hours1 in which time ,i received exactly two hundred and fifteen strikes2 eighteen1 as ,i have said1 proved killing4 ,i fished stealthily up and down the stream1 hiding here and there and making the most difficult of casts at all times4 ,i went up and down the little stream a half dozen times1 never going into the wood1 but merely fishing from where the stream came out of the wood to where it hid itself again beyond the field4 ,part of the water ,i fished1 as ,i say1 was in underbush1 but ,i did not leave the field4 ,now ,i am going to show you how the tastes of trout varied by minutes1 in two instances at least1 and ,i desire you to know every little detail4 ,to well convince you that the casts ,i made were difficult1 ,i will say that my line became fastened in twigs1 leaves1 and bushes every other toss4 ,i had to put the flies through little openings no larger than the creel head and take chances of getting the leader caught while on the way1 and after it was there and on its return4 ,i sometimes whipped twenty times at a little pool before ,i reached it4 ,there were logs1 branches1 mosses1 cresses1 leaves1 and grasses to avoid4 ,the water in parts was swift and still1 narrow1 shallow1 and deep1 sometimes being four feet wide and three feet deep1 and then ten feet wide and three inches deep2 sometimes running smartly over bright grasses or pebbles and light in color1 and in other places lying dark and still in pools made by logs and deep holes4 ,a tyro would have fished the ground in ten minutes and caught nothing2 some ,anglers would have gone over it once in twenty-five minutes and taken a half-dozen fish4 ,i had the day to myself2 ,i had nowhere else to go2 ,i was out for sport1 recreation1 and study1--not fish1 for ,i am a lover of nature in general1--and so ,i took three hours at the play1 and fished and observed inch by inch like a mink1 the king of trouters4 ,i say ,i had two hundred and fifteen strikes1 out of which ,i killed eighteen trout1 and you are surprised4 ,you think you could have done better1 much better1 but ,i know you could not--you could not have done as well as ,i did and ,i wish that ,i could put you to a test4 ,i have seen a fontinalis rise to a small coachman twenty-six times1 snapping apparently at the feather each time1 but never allowing himself to be hooked nor hooking himself4 ,he was playing4 ,he was a young trout1 but an educated one1 and well knew there was no danger if he kept his wits about him4 ,i have witnesses to this performance who will substantiate my story1 and ,i can easily further prove the truthfulness of the statement by taking you to a stream where a similar performance may be enacted4 ,and ,i have seen an uneducated trout rise and snap at a fly without taking it4 ,the first one rose in play1 this one in curiosity--and there are trout that will rise in anger4 ,all of them may know the bait is not food4 ,it is a mistake to think that all brook trout will spurt from a fly the very second they discover it is not real food1 as it is an error to believe that all brook trout will take the fly when they know it is the living thing4 ,all trout are not alike2 they vary in their tastes and antics as they do in color and size4 ,mind you1 ,i speak only of one species here--the true brook trout1 ,salvelinus fontinalis1 and thus the material should be interesting4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,unusual ,,way ,,of ,,taking ,,the ,,fly ,the day ,i took my creel of eighteen was a fair one2 we had rain the day before2 the water was clear and the stream was in ordinary condition4 ,the brown hackle which killed twelve of the eighteen was on a ,no4 #h hook2 the other two flies were tied on ,no4 #af1 as the hackle should have been1 for the fish were small and the stream was in a small-fly condition and quite right for the daintiest leaders and the finest midges4 ,but the hackle seemed to please the trout2 all sizes appeared to jump at it4 ,i hooked many that were not over three inches long6 ,several times when taking my flies from the water for a new cast1 ,i lifted a poor little trout up in the air back of me1 like the scurvy fisherman who makes a practice of landing all his fish by yanking them out4 ,so you see it pays to be patient on the stream and try all sorts of gentle tricks with fontinalis4 ,you must not hurry2 you must not be coarse2 you must not be careless and untidy with your fly-book4 ,take your time1 fish slowly1 surely1 and delicately4 ,be not weary of the play3 banish the thought of discouragement1 keep at the sport for sport alone1 and study as you angle4 ,a little trout will rise to a fly he has missed one or more times2 a large trout will seldom do so4 ,when you miss a big trout do not give him back the fly for ten minutes1 and then if you miss him again1 change the pattern1 wait a little while1 and he is once more ready for the rise--if the new fly suits him4 ,i never raised a trout on the scarlet ibis fly4 ,i believe it is a poor color on the well-fished waters1 just as ,i believe that all flies are killing on wild streams4 ,new trout will take old flies2 old trout love new ones and many old ones4 ,personally ,i like the sober colors in flies for all seasons on all water1 though ,i well appreciate the old rule3 ,when the day is bright and where the water is clear1 small flies and plain colors2 in deep and dull waters and on dark days and in the evening the brighter and larger ones4 ,trout do not in all cases show their liking to flies in accordance with any condition of weather or water1 though as a rule it is advisable to use lighter colors when the day and water are dull1 which is not saying1 however1 that fish will not rise to loud flies on bright days or sober flies in dull weather1 for the tastes of trout vary like the tastes of other living things1 and nothing can equal them in erraticness when fly-feeding4 ,you must give fontinalis sport1 for he very often strikes for play more than food1 and1 like every other living thing1 loves a choice of variety4 ,there is an old story that if the ,angler's book has a pattern of fly in exact imitation of the real fly upon the trout water1 he has but to join it as the stretcher to fill his creel4 ,ogden tells us in so many words3 ,give not the trout an exact imitation of the real fly upon the water1 for your artificial fly will then be one in a thousand4 ,something startling will please them better--loud gold body1 strange-colored wings--and an odd fellow may take it for sport if nothing else4 ,while this is a good bit of advice1 it does not seem right to me to send it forth in such a sweeping manner4 ,the question of whether we should imitate nature in general fly building has long been in vogue4 ,some say we should do so1 and others that it does not matter4 ,both are correct--there are times when we should copy the living flies1 and times when we should use those artificial things that have no resemblance to nature's insects4 ,i have come upon a water where the trout were rising to the small dusky miller1 and have1 by putting on the artificial fly of this order1 taken a dozen beauties in good play4 ,it was because ,i arrived just in time2 the trout were not tired of their course4 ,perhaps twenty minutes later they would not have done more than eyed my cast4 ,in that case1 even if the water were covered with a species of the real fly1 it would have been better to have offered something different4 ,copy nature if the fish be devouring--not alone because the fly is on the water2 they may be tired of it4 ,sometimes there are flies being taken that are not seen by the ,angler1 for trout can snap a fly upon the wing4 ,fly-fishing is not an easy pursuit2 'tis a real science4 ,rules are good1 but we must not fail to suit the rules to conditions4 ,no2 you are not supposed to use the entire list1 for to-day the trout may not favor over two or three of them2 to-morrow he may take six of them--all different from those he may show a liking for to-day4 ,it is all very well for an ,angler to take but three dozen coachmen and brown and gray hackle for the ,western trout1 or any trout that is not educated up to the standard of the trout that is fished for incessantly1 but ,i should not like to make a month's trouting trip and take along only three kinds of flies1 even if ,i had dozens of each of the three and if my favorite quaker were one of the trio1 no matter where the stream--,east4 ,west1 ,north1 or ,south4 ,some days after my catch of eighteen ,i visited the field again and fished from the point where the stream entered the wood down to a beautiful little waterfall4 ,i took twenty-one of fair size--one on a yellow ,sallie1 one on an oak fly1 four on an ,esquimaux dun1 five on a hare's ear1 and nine on the quaker4 ,this day ,i had ninety-three rises--not as many as on the day ,i took the eighteen and had two hundred and fifteen rises4 ,the day was dark1 the water very clear and shallow1 and there had been no rain for ten days4 ,this was the occasion of learning more about striking the ,eastern brook trout than ,i had ever before enjoyed4 ,the old rule is to strike on the second of the rise1 and1 while ,i do not think this electric quickness should be practiced in all cases and under all conditions4 ,i found it was the rule this day1 especially in the one deep pool ,i found4 ,in other places--one in particular1 where ,i saw six of my catch make every move in taking the flies--,i found it necessary to depart from the old rule and strike not upon the second of the rise4 ,i very often gave wrist too quickly4 ,it all goes to prove that rules are not to be exercised at all times and under all conditions4 ,we must make allowances4 ,i came upon one quiet piece of water that was as clear and still as glass2 ,i could see every detail of the pebbles at the bottom4 ,eight pretty trout were in this bed of silent water1 resting without a perceptible movement--not even that delicate wave of the tail so common with the trout in his balancing in running water4 ,they did not see me2 a bush hid my form4 ,when my slender rod tip moved over the water and the leader with the flies went down gently upon the surface1 the trout thought 7all animals think7 the wind had stirred the frail branch of an adjacent tree and swept into the water upon a cobweb three insects for their feeding4 ,four rushed for the deceit and two were hooked quietly and quickly4 ,i landed them and went away to return to the same spot a half-hour later4 ,seven trout were there this time4 ,i flailed gently over them1 but received no rushing rise2 one little fellow came up deliberately1 broke water two inches behind the little dun1 and then returned to his old position4 ,then two others did precisely the same as their companion had done1 excepting one that chose the oak fly for his inspection4 ,then they sank themselves1 and a fourth gamester spurted up to the dun and took it in his mouth much as a sunfish would suck in a bit of worm4 ,i struck him1 and he made a splash that nearly drove a near-by-perched catbird into hysterics1 and sent the other trout up1 down1 and across the stream like so many black streaks of lightning4 ,now1 had ,i cast at these fish from above or below and not just over them1 where ,i saw every move they made1 ,i should have given them wrist on the second of their rise--as ,i did in the case of the first two that made the first rush--and lost any chance of success4 ,no1 ,i say1 we must not always follow rules regardless of conditions4 ,we must not judge all trout alike1 even if they be of one species4 ,men1 though of one race1 are not all alike in their habits any more than they are in their sizes and colors4 ,i found in some parts of the stream that as long as ,i changed the flies ,i had rises2 in other parts no trout took the fly1 no matter how ,i worked it4 ,perhaps there were no fish hereabout2 perhaps they saw me2 perhaps they were not hungry1 and perhaps there were hundreds and thousands of other reasons why they were not to be taken in these certain places4 ,no man can strictly follow rules in all cases and take trout upon every occasion of his trials4 ,conditions govern1 and must be studied--conditions1 conditions4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,angler',s ,,prayer--,,save ,,the ,,woods ,,and ,,waters ,perpetual devotion to what a man calls his business is only to be sustained by perpetual neglect of other things4 ,and it is not by any means certain that a man's business is the most important thing he has to do4 ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson4 ,commerce or civilization or whatever you like to call modern man's accumulation of money wealth at the sacrifice of nature is perpetrated with no greater force than in the wanton waste of our forests--the trees given by ,god to the people and stolen from the people by individuals4 ,it seems all right for man to prudently use our forests in the making of homes and other practical things of actual necessity1 but it is a downright shame that the people allow greedy men to destroy the trees for the mere sake of adding dollars to the destroyers' already well-filled purses4 ,and these selfish men even deprive the people of their breathing-air1 drinking-water1 and fish food4 ,springs1 ponds1 and brooks are dried up by the loss of sheltering foliage4 ,lakes and rivers are ruined by the commercial gentry's waste acid1 dye1 oil1 gas1 etc41 and the very air we breathe is poisoned by the fumes of the money-makers' chimneys4 ,the railroads cut down the people's trees to make ties1 and they burn the old ties instead of consuming them for steam power or giving them back to the people for fuel or fence posts1 etc4 ,the mill owner burns as rubbish the sawdust and slabs instead of burying the sawdust and allowing it to turn into loam that would enrich the soil and thereby propagate vegetable food matter and the very tree life the millman wastes4 ,he is not only destroying the material on hand but he is doing his best to prevent the growth of future material4 ,slabs should not be burned as waste matter2 they are good fuel and good material for the farmer1 et al4 ,nothing should be burned as waste matter2 nature tells us to bury1 not burn4 ,fire destroys not alone the valuable ingredient it consumes to make itself1 but burns up the earth's vital moisture--the life-giving oxygen we breathe1 without which no animate thing could survive4 ,before fresh timber is cut for market-cornering purposes1 the millmen should be compelled to use up the vast rafts of trees they have allowed to float upon river banks1 there to rot while the choppers continue their attack on new trees1 half of which will go to waste with the lumberman's already-decaying market-cornering mess in the flooded valley4 ,anyone may personally witness this wanton waste if so inclined3 ,take a ride on the railroad between ,portland1 ,oregon1 and ,tacoma1 ,washington1 and note the conditions en route2 or glance out of the car window as you ride through the timberland district in the ,southern states--,alabama1 ,georgia1 etc4 ,oregon and ,washington are bragging about what the native biped conceitedly calls enterprise1 western spirit1 progress1 prosperity1 etc4 ,poor fools6 ,they imagine the so-called prosperity is due to the enterprise or spirit of themselves1 while any nature student could tell them that the business success of any territory is directly due to that territory's material that is marketed1 and that as soon as the marketable material is used up the so-called enterprise1 energy1 spirit1 etc41 of the ego-marketman go up with it4 ,in ,michigan 7,bay ,city7 thirty-five years ago the wasters used to boast that ,bay ,city was going to outrival ,new ,york ,city in size1 intellect1 money wealth1 social standing1 etc41 in a few years4 ,all this on a little timber they were cutting and selling4 ,it was remarked by a nature student that the success of their ambition depended upon the pine trees they were gradually consuming--ruthlessly cutting down to extermination--and a practical man suggested that they plant and propagate as well as cut and consume4 ,also it was hinted that the lumber they made out of the trees was the only thing they had to make possible the social downfall of ,new ,york4 ,oh1 by no means1 they said2 we have enterprise and spirit2 that's what counts4 ,but1 the count was a failure--the trees giving out4 ,northern ,michigan was turned into a sugar-beet farm1 and most of the unfortunates who counted on making ,bay ,city outrival ,new ,york are now of the very dust that nurtures the present-day material that their offspring exists upon4 ,the ,michigan enterprise1 spirit1 etc41 is now transferred to the few other timberland ,states1 and the natives of to-day1 the early day of plenty1 are just like the old conceited ,michiganders--they foolishly imagine the financial success of their territory is due to so-called personal energy1 pride1 enterprise1 progress1 etc41 on the part of themselves1 when any naturalist knows that their prosperity is directly due to ,god's bountifulness--the abundance of marketable material--not man's effort or egotism4 ,when ,oregon and ,washington have lumbered all their timber the enterprising natives will not have rivaled ,new ,york socially or financially any more than the ,michigander has accomplished this end2 ,oregon and ,washington1 without timber1 like ,michigan1 will stay just where they are--if lucky enough not to go lower down in the social and financial standard--when their marketable material is exhausted4 ,climate is a mere matter of pure air4 ,what's the good in climate if it's smoked and burned8 ,any clean climate1 hot or cold1 is better than any soiled climate1 hot or cold4 ,marketable material1 pure air1 and pure water are the three big concerns of life2 man isn't worthy of being included in the list of important things because he destroys these three mighty essentials4 ,material makes man more than man makes material4 ,man's energy and egotism couldn't get a footing without marketable material4 ,what the world needs is less of vain man and more plain market stuff4 ,save the woods and waters4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,trout ,,and ,,trouting ,a day with not too bright a beam2 ,a warm1 but not a scorching1 sun4 --,,charles ,,cotton4 ,where can ,i enjoy trout fishing amid good scenery and good cheer without its necessitating a lengthy absence from the city8 ,that is a question which frequently rises in the mind of the toilers in the busy centers of the ,east1 and it is one becoming daily more difficult to answer4 ,yet there are still nearby trout streams where a creel of from fifteen to fifty1 or even more1 in favorable weather1 might be made4 ,one such locality1 which for years local sportsmen have proven1 lies within a four hours' ride of either ,philadelphia or ,new ,york4 ,all that is necessary is to take the railroad1 which conveys you to ,cresco1 in ,monroe ,county1 ,pa41 and a ride or drive of five miles through the ,pocono ,mountains will land you in the little village of ,canadensis1 in the valley of the ,brodhead2 and within the radius of a few miles on either side fully a dozen other unposted streams ripple along in their natural state1 not boarded1 bridged1 dammed1 or fenced by the hand of man1 thanks to the naturally uncultivatable condition of the greater part of this paradise for trout fishers4 ,the villagers of ,canadensis do their trading and receive their mail at ,cresco1 and it is an easy matter to obtain excellent food and lodgings for a dollar a day at one of the many farmhouses dotting here and there the valleys1 and a seat when needful in one of the several private conveyances running every day between the two villages4 ,the open season for trout in ,pennsylvania is from ,april #aeth until ,july #aeth1 and there appears to be no particularly favored period during these three months1 for the trout here afford sport equally well at all times1 though they greatly vary in their tastes for the fly4 ,if the angler goes there in the early part of the open season1 when the weather is cold1 he should engage a room and take his meals at the farmhouse selected2 but if the trip is made in the early part of ,june or any time after that1 during the open season1 camp life may be enjoyed with great comfort4 ,two favorite waters within walking distance from any of the farmhouses in ,canadensis are ,stony ,run and the ,buckhill4 ,the great ,brodhead1 a famous old water in the days of ,thaddeus ,norris1 and noted then and now for its big trout1 flows in the valley proper1 within a stone's throw of the farmhouse at which ,i engaged quarters4 ,spruce ,cabin ,run1 a mile distant1 is a charming stream1 but the trout here are not very large beyond the deep pools at the foot of ,spruce ,falls and in the water flowing through ,turner's fields and woods above the falls4 ,any of these streams will afford plenty of sport1 but if one wishes to visit a still more wild1 romantic1 and beautiful trout water1 he has only to walk a little farther or take a buckboard wagon and ride to the mighty ,bushkill1 a stream that must not be confounded with the ,buckhill1 which lies in an opposite direction from ,canadensis4 ,the ,bushkill is the wildest stream in the region1 and is fished less than any of the others named1 one reason being that there are plenty of trout in the waters of ,canadensis which can be fished without the ,angler going so far4 ,for those who like to camp1 the ,bushkill is the proper locality4 ,i spent a day there with friends one season1 and we caught in less than two hours1 in the liveliest possible manner1 all the trout five of us could eat throughout the day1 and four dozen extra large ones which we took home to send to friends in the city4 ,the trout in the ,bushkill1 remarked one of my companions1 are so wild that they're tame--an expression based upon the greediness and utter disregard of the enemy with which fontinalis1 in his unfamiliarity with man1 took the fly4 ,i remember having a number of rises within two feet of my legs as ,i was taking in my line for a front toss4 ,i know men who have many times traveled a thousand miles from ,new ,york on an angling trip to different famous waters who have not found either the sport or the scenery to be enjoyed on the ,bushkill4 ,the lower ,brodhead below the point at which this stream and ,spruce ,cabin ,run come together is very beautiful4 ,it is owned by a farmer who lives on its banks1 and who has never been known to refuse ,anglers permission to fish there when they asked for the privilege4 ,there are four natural features in the scenery about ,canadensis that are especially prized by the countrymen there--the ,sand ,spring1 ,buckhill ,falls1 ,spruce ,cabin ,falls1 and the ,bushkill ,falls4 ,the ,sand ,spring is so called because grains of brilliant sand spring up with the water4 ,this sand resembles a mixture of gold and silver dust2 it forms in little clouds just under the water's bubble and then settles down to form and rise again and again4 ,this effect1 with the rich colors of wild pink roses1 tiny yellow watercups1 blue lilies1 and three shades of green in the cresses and deer tongue that grow all about1 produces a pretty picture4 ,the spring is not over a foot in diameter1 but the sand edges and the pool cover several feet4 ,in drinking the water1 strange to say1 one does not take any sand with it4 ,being located at one side of the old road between ,cresco and ,canadensis every visitor has an opportunity of seeing it without going more than a few feet out of his direct way4 ,some of the stories told about the old ,sand ,spring are worth hearing1 and no one can tell them better or with more special pleasure than the farmers living thereabout4 ,one man affirms that more 'an a hundred b'ar and as many deer have been killed while drinking the crystal water of the spring4 ,each of the falls is a picture of true wild scenery4 ,though some miles apart they may be here described in the same paragraph4 ,great trees have fallen over the water from the banks and lodged on huge projecting moss-covered rocks2 they are additional obstacles to the rushing1 roaring1 down-pouring water1 which flows through and over them like melted silver4 ,this against the dark background of the mountain woods1 the blue and snow-white of the heavens1 the green of the rhododendron-lined banks1 and the streams' bottoms of all-colored stones creates a series of charming and ever-varying views4 ,a half dozen trout1 weighing from one to two pounds and a half1 may always be seen about the huge rock at the point where the lower ,brodhead and the ,spruce ,cabin ,run come together1 and hundreds may be seen in the stream below the ,buckhill ,falls4 ,i do not know that fish may be actually seen in any other parts of the waters of ,canadensis1 but at these points the water is calm and the bottom smooth1 and the specimens are plainly in view4 ,do not waste time on the flock lying about the big rock at ,brodhead ,point4 ,the trout there will deceive you4 ,i played with them a half day1 and before ,i began work on them ,i felt certain ,i would have them in my creel in a half-hour's time4 ,they are a pack of pampered idlers who do not have to move a fin to feed4 ,all the trout food comes rushing down both streams from behind these big rocks into the silent water and floats right up to the very noses of these gentlemen of leisure4 ,if you have any practicing to do with the rod and fly do it here4 ,these trout are very obliging2 they will lie there all day and enjoy your casting all sorts of things at them4 ,this is a good place to prove to yourself whether you are a patient fisherman or not4 ,and now a few words about the proper tackle for mountain streams4 ,most anglers use rods that are too heavy and too long4 ,during my first visit ,i used a rod of eight feet1 four ounces1 and ,i soon found that1 while it was a nice weight1 it was too long for real convenience1 although there were rods used there nine and ten feet long4 ,my rod was the lightest and one of the shortest ever seen in the valley4 ,there are only a few open spots where long casts are necessary1 and a long1 ordinary-weight trout rod is of very little service compared with one of seven1 seven and a half1 or eight feet1 four or three ounces1 that can be handled well along the narrow1 bush-lined1 tree-branch-covered streams4 ,the greater part of the fishing is done by sneaking along under cover of the rocks1 logs1 bushes1 and the low-hanging branches1 as casts are made in every little pool and eddy4 ,i use a lancewood rod1 but of course the higher-priced popular split bamboo is just as good4 ,i shall not claim my rod's material is the better of the two1 as some men do when speaking of their tackle1 but ,i am quite sure ,i shall never say the split bamboo is more than its equal4 ,i do not advise as to the material2 ,i speak only of the weight and length4 ,let every man use his choice1 but ,i seriously advise him to avoid the cheap-priced split bamboo rod4 ,if split bamboo is the choice1 let it be the work of a practical rod-maker4 ,any ordinary wood rod is better than the four-dollar split bamboo affair4 ,the leader should be of single gut1 but the length should be a trifle more than is commonly used4 ,twelve feet is my favorite amount4 ,the reel should be the lightest common click reel2 the creel1 a willow one that sells for a dollar in the stores2 and the flies--here's the rub--must be the smallest and finest in the market4 ,large1 cheap1 coarse flies will never do for ,eastern waters1 and you must not fail to secure your list of the proper kind1 as well as all your outfit1 before you start on your trip4 ,the only decent thing on sale in the village stores is tobacco4 ,when you buy your flies buy lots of them1 for1 be you a tyro or practical ,angler1 you will lose them easier on these streams than you imagine4 ,yes1 you must be very careful about the selection of your flies4 ,they must be small and finely made1 high-priced goods4 ,i wish ,i might tell you who to have make them1 but ,i dare not1 lest ,i be charged with advertising a particular house4 ,regarding the patterns to use1 ,i will say that none are more killing than the general list1 if they are the best made and used according to the old rule all are familiar with--dark colors on cold days and bright ones on warm days4 ,the later the season the louder the fly--that is1 when the season closes during hot weather1 as it does in ,canadensis4 ,my favorite time here is from ,june #aeth to ,july #aeth1 the closing day1 but any time after the first two weeks of the open season is very charming4 ,i avoid the first week or two because the weather is then cold and the trout are more fond of natural bait than the artificial fly4 ,men take hundreds of fish early in the season with worms and minnows4 ,i never wear rubber boots to wade in4 ,an old pair of heavy-soled shoes with spikes in their bottoms1 and small slits cut in the sides to let the water in and out1 and a pair of heavy woolen socks comprise my wading footwear4 ,the slits must not be large enough to let in coarse sand and pebbles1 but ,i find it absolutely necessary to have a slight opening1 for if there be no means for the water to run freely in and out1 the shoes fill from the tops and become heavy4 ,rubber boots are too hot for my feet and legs1 while the water is never too cold4 ,i have often had wet feet all day1 and have never yet experienced any ill effects from it4 ,i never use a staff in wading1 but ,i should1 for here in some places it is very hard to wade4 ,i have often fallen down in water up to my waist1 overbalanced by the heavy current1 where the bottoms were rough1 with sharp1 slimy stones4 ,if you carry a staff1 follow the custom of the old ,anglers and tie it to your body with a string to keep it out of the way and allow your hands to be as free as possible for a strike4 ,your landing-net should be a small one1 minus any metal1 with a foot and a half handle1 and a string tied to a front button on your garment should allow it to be slung over your shoulder onto your back when not in use4 ,of course1 these little points about the use of different things are all familiar to the ,angler with but the slightest experience1 and will appear to him neither instructive nor interesting1 but we must1 as gentle ,anglers1 give a thought or two to the earnest tyro1 for we were young once ourselves4 ,i always carry two fly-books with me2 one big fellow with the general fly stock in1 which is kept at the farmhouse1 and a little one holding two dozen flies and a dozen leaders1 which ,i carry on the stream4 ,a string tied to this1 too1 will prevent the unpleasantness of having it fall in the water and glide away from you4 ,i even tie a string to my pipe and knife4 ,the outing hat is an important thing to me4 ,mine is always a soft brown or gray felt1 and ,i use it to sit on in damp and hard places fifty times a day4 ,,chapter ,x ,,trouting ,,in ,,canadensis ,,valley ,the ,canadensis ,valley in ,monroe ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 is a fontinalis paradise4 ,with my friend ,george ,blake ,i creeled the little heroes by the dozen every day for a week4 ,we each could have easily caught fifty in an afternoon had we cared to do so1 but there were other rural pleasures to attend to1 and we were not dealing in fish1 and saw more beauty in just enough to eat than in wasteful quantity4 ,fishermen are generally known as exaggerators1 and ,i do not deny that they do sometimes resort to an innocent little fib when a yarn may amuse many and injure no one1 but ,i must say that this region's beauties are too numerous to overpraise by all the exaggeration of all the fabricators in the world4 ,no word of mouth or pen could do justice to nature in these mountains4 ,and ,i need not elaborate on the fish2 the truth is bold enough4 ,brook trout weighing a quarter of a pound to a pound and a half are taken every day by ,anglers1 who more than fill their creels4 ,two gentlemen took in one day sixty-five beauties on the stream known as ,stony ,run1 and two ,philadelphia ,anglers took half a hundred the day before above the ,buckhill ,falls4 ,another great stream in this region is the ,bushkill1 and still another is ,brodhead's ,creek4 ,the latter flows past our camp1 and is famous for big trout4 ,my favorite is ,spruce ,cabin ,stream1 above and below the beautiful ,spruce ,cabin ,falls4 ,there are big trout in this water1 especially at the bottom of the falls1 and ,i can--if ,i will--take fifty trout in an afternoon1 and they'll weigh from a quarter of a pound to one pound and a half4 ,i like something besides fish about a stream1 and this is why ,i am fond of the ,spruce ,cabin water4 ,there are not many ,anglers in love with the place4 ,though beautiful1 it is very hard to fish4 ,i have to creep under great trees that have fallen over the water and then wade up to my waist to gain certain points in order to get along down the stream4 ,the banks are lined with trees and shrubbery1 and my line is ever getting tangled4 ,one does not need to be a fly-casting tournament ,angler to fish any of the ,canadensis waters4 ,distance in the cast is not required as much as accuracy at more than one or two places on each stream4 ,the rest of the fishing is done by short1 low casts1 and by creeping under branches and letting the line float with the ripples into the eddies4 ,every step or two there are little falls1 and in the white1 bubbling water at their bottom a trout may be taken4 ,under the big fall1 and in the still waters above and below1 the big trout hide4 ,artificial flies are the popular bait with the gentle ,angler1 though all sizes of trout will take worms1 and the big1 educated trout like minnows4 ,both small1 medium1 and large trout like flies if the flies are the right kind4 ,we have had great trouble in getting good flies4 ,i brought four dozen with me1 and not over a half dozen of them are worth the snell tied to them2 they are too clumsy in size1 of coarse material1 and bad in color4 ,the six decent ones are the work of an artist4 ,i could give his name1 but it might look like an advertisement and spoil my story4 ,trout like choice food just as much as human beings favor savory dishes4 ,you may stick an oyster shell on a reed1 and decoy a summer yellowleg1 but you can't hook a trout on any kind of a fly4 ,they know a thing or two4 ,tyros who angle in a trout country without success go home and say there are no trout4 ,they don't think about conditions of water and weather2 about their line lighting in the water before their bait2 about their coarse line and poor flies4 ,trout are philosophers1 not only the educated ones1 those which have been hooked and seen others hooked1 but trout in general4 ,they're born that way4 ,a young man came up here the other day with an old cane pole1 weighing fully three pounds1 and a big salt water sinker1 and he went away saying there were few trout in these waters4 ,i think he had a float with him1 too1 but am not sure4 ,a word or two about appropriate tackle for mountain streams1 and ,i'll put up the pen and joint the rod again4 ,in the city a few weeks ago ,i proudly displayed a four-ounce1 nine-foot lancewood rod1 and my friends laughed at me1 saying it was too frail for any service4 ,now1 ,i find this rod1 shortened two feet1 just the thing for this country where trout run small and where there's no long casting4 ,i frequently run across good ,anglers here with five-ounce rods1 and have seen two four-ounce rods4 ,there is no use for a rod above four ounces in weight and seven feet in length4 ,when ,i come again ,i shall use a three-ounce rod4 ,the reel should be the lightest and smallest common click1 and the line the finest enameled silk1tapered if you like4 ,the flies--here's the main thing--should be the best1 and of the smallest brook trout pattern4 ,next year1 when ,i make up my supply1 ,i'll pack fully two hundred1 and they'll be the dearest-priced flies1 for they are none too good4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,trout ,,brook ,oh1 ,i must say a word about cooking and eating trout before ,i close4 ,i've tried them in all styles1 and the best way1 ,i think1 is when they're roasted over a camp fire on a little crotch stick1 one prong in the head and the other in the tail4 ,and the worst way1 ,i think1 is when they're fried in a pan with bad butter or poor lard4 ,blake and ,i are in our glory4 ,our only displeasure is in knowing that our perspiring city friends are not as comfortable4 ,the days here are warm and bright--not hot and close--and the nights cool and clear1 so that we live merrily all the time4 ,i went a few hundred yards down the stream in front of the camp to two great bowlders1 one morning1 and there1 during a little sun shower1 took a ,salvelinus fontinalis that weighed just a little over two pounds and a quarter4 ,he rose to a pinkish1 cream-colored fly1 with little brown spots on the wings4 ,i forget its name1 but it's one of the six really good ones ,i referred to4 ,i decided to keep the large captive alive1 so ,i took off one of the cords tied about my trousers at the bottoms 7,i never wear wading boots in warm weather71 put it through his gill1 and tied the other end to a submerged tree-root4 ,later1 ,mr4 ,trout was lodged in a small box1 with bars tacked over the top1 and placed under a spout running from an old mill race4 ,he was a big specimen--large enough to saddle and ride to town1 the cook said4 ,and pretty--as pretty as a gathering of lilacs and giant ferns decked with wintergreen berries4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,trouter',s ,,outfit ,the rod for stream fishing should weigh from three to six ounces and measure in length from seven to nine feet4 ,split bamboo and lancewood are two of the best rod materials4 ,if you cannot afford a good split bamboo do not buy a cheap one2 choose a lancewood4 ,the line should be a small-sized waterproofed silk one4 ,the reel1 a small common light rubber click1 holding twenty-five or thirty-five yards4 ,the landing net1 used to take the fish from the water after being hooked1 should be made of cane with linen netting1 and have no metal about it4 ,the handle should be about a foot long4 ,tie a string to the handle1 tie the string to a button on your coat under your chin1 and then toss the net over your back out of the way4 ,the creel1 or fish basket1 should be a willow one about the size of a small hand satchel4 ,this should have a leather strap1 to be slung over the right shoulder1 allowing the creel to rest on the left hip4 ,the hat should be a soft brown or gray felt with two-inch brim4 ,this may be used as a cushion to sit down upon on rocks or in damp places4 ,the footwear may be either rubber boots1 leather shoes1 or rubber wading trousers4 ,if the water is warm1 wear leather shoes1 and have nails put in the thick soles to keep your feet from slipping in swift water and on slimy stones4 ,if you choose rubber boots see that they are of the light1 thin1 thigh-fitting sort and not the clumsy affairs with straps attached4 ,the fly-book for use on the stream should have room for not more than a dozen flies1 with pockets for leaders1 silk cord1 small shears1 and other tools4 ,a larger book for your general stock of flies and leaders may be left at your rural lodgings with your tackle box and other traps4 ,the leader1 to which are attached the flies in use1 should be of the finest quality of single silk gut1 and in length three feet4 ,two of these attached make a cast1 though ,i prefer a longer cast of leader4 ,the coat and general clothing should be of a dead-grass1 gray1 or light brown color4 ,have plenty of pockets1 and tie a string to nearly everything you carry in them1 so you cannot lose them if they fall from your hands4 ,the flies--every known variety of trout fly1 providing you order these of the finest make4 ,do not undertake to go trouting stintingly equipped1 which is not saying that you are to dress and act like a circus clown4 ,but you must be properly outfitted4 ,good carpenters make good houses1 but their work is better and more pleasant if they have good tools4 ,the tyro who is not fortunate enough to have the friendship of a practical fisherman to whom he may apply for advice should read the works on angling and ichthyology by ,izaak ,walton1 ,henry ,william ,herbert 7,frank ,forester71 ,seth ,green1 ,charles ,hallock4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,harris1 ,thaddeus ,norris1 ,genio ,c4 ,scott4 ,frederick ,mather1 ,robert ,roosevelt1 ,g4 ,brown ,goode1 ,kit ,clarke1 ,dr4 ,jas4 ,a4 ,henshall1 ,charles ,zibeon ,southard1 ,dr4 ,edward ,breck1 ,emlyn ,m4 ,gill4 ,george ,m4 ,l4 ,la,branche1 ,louis ,rhead1 ,eugene ,mc,carthy1 ,dr4 ,henry van ,dyke1 ,david ,starr ,jordan4 ,dr4 ,evermann1 ,prof4 ,baird1 ,tarlton ,h4 ,bean1 ,richard ,marston1 ,frederick ,e4 ,pond 7,will ,wildwood74 ,mary ,orvis ,marbury1 ,a4 ,nelson ,cheney1 ,charles ,f4 ,orvis1 ,dr4 ,charles ,frederick ,holder1 ,perry ,d4 ,frazer4 ,emerson ,hough1 ,rowland ,e4 ,robinson1 ,isaac ,mc,lellan4 ,francis ,endicott1 ,dean ,sage1 ,wm4 ,c4 ,prime4 ,henry ,p4 ,wells1 ,judge ,northrup1 ,john ,harrington ,keene1 et al41 and make a study of the catalogues of the better class of sporting-goods houses4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,trout ,,flies1 ,,artificial ,,and ,,natural ,the wide range of difference between the wet fly and the dry fly lies in the fact that the wet fly is an imitation of no special thing active and living1 while the dry fly purports to be an imitation of the natural fly4 ,it is generally a well-known fact that any of our well-known ,american wet flies can be converted into exceptionally good dry flies by giving them an ablution of oil4--,robert ,page ,lincoln1 ,outdoor ,life4 ,september1 #aiae4 ,then the wet fly resembles the dry fly1 and therefore the wet fly is an imitation of the living fly4 ,of course it is4 ,is not the artificial black gnat imitative of the live black gnat8 ,and is not the white miller artificial fly patterned after the living white miller fly8 ,certainly4 ,mary ,orvis ,marbury1 author of ,favorite ,flies1 and daughter of ,charles ,f4 ,orvis1 one of ,america's greatest fly-makers1 says so4 ,so says ,william ,c4 ,harris1 ,seth ,green1 ,frank ,forester1 ,louis ,rhead1 ,a4 ,nelson ,cheney1 ,frederick ,mather1 ,dr4 ,henshall1 ,charles ,hallock1 ,dean ,sage1 ,william ,c4 ,prime1 ,charles ,z4 ,southard1 ,dr4 van ,dyke1 ,edward ,breck1 et al4 ,all angling writers in discoursing upon artificial flies use the expressions in season1 seasonable flies1 etc4 ,now1 how could this or that artificial fly be in season if it were not copied from the living fly8 ,of course1 there are some artificial flies that are not copied from nature1 but the artificial fly in general is a duplicate of the living thing4 ,when a fly is said to be in season1 says ,alfred ,ronalds1 it does not follow that it is abroad on every day of its existence4 ,but1 our opinions must not be harshly expressed--rather set forth in pleasant discourse1 as ,walton says--for1 as ,pritt tells us1 one of the charms of angling is that it presents an endless field for argument1 speculation1 and experiment4 ,after the foregoing excerpt and my comment upon it appeared in the ,new ,york ,press 7,sept4 #aa1 #aiae74 ,i wrote several of the authorities mentioned1 asking their views on the subject1 and following will be found their replies4 ,henry van ,dyke1 author of ,little ,rivers1 ,days ,off1 ,fisherman's ,luck1 etc43 ,for flies as wet1 or flies as dry4 ,i do not care a whit--not ,i6 ,the natural fly is dry1 no doubt4 ,while through the air he flits about2 ,but1 lighting on the stream1 you bet ,he very often gets quite wet4 ,this fact is known to all the fish2 ,they take their flies just as they wish4 ,upon the surface or below4 ,precisely why we do not know4 ,the honest ,angler should not be ,a man of rigid theory4 ,but use the most alluring fly4 ,and sometimes wet1 and sometimes dry4 ,louis ,rhead1 author of ,the ,book of ,fish and ,fishing3 ,after thirty-two years' active fishing for trout1 beginning with a worm as a bait1 ,i have developed through various stages to know fish with nothing but my own nature flies4 ,i have made careful color pictures of all the most abundant insects and produced flies tied to exactly imitate them4 ,many insects do not and cannot float1 yet an imitation can be made of them to fish wet4 ,the ,english dry fly is not of necessity a copy of the natural insect4 ,halford has many fancy dry flies that are not copies of insects4 ,nearly all ,american commercial trout flies are fancy flies1 and do not imitate insects4 ,to be exact1 in fishing with a floating fly it is only right to use copies of insects that will float1 mostly drakes4 ,the average ,angler has been sadly fooled by this so-called dry-fly fishing1 and books have been written 7mostly culled from ,british sources71 making ,anglers more bewildered than ever4 ,charles ,zibeon ,southard1 author of ,trout ,fly-,fishing in ,america3 ,in reply to your question about trout flies1 ',am ,i right8' ,i would say that unquestionably you are4 ,from the earliest days of trout fly-fishing it has been the intention of ,anglers to have their flies resemble as far as possible the natural ones found upon their trout waters4 ,one has only to read dear old ,izaak ,walton and the many noted fly-fishing authorities that have followed to the present day to be convinced of your view4 ,of course the art of fly-tying has advanced with mighty strides during the past fifteen years and more especially during the past ten years1 and to the makers of 'dry' flies for the wonderful development of the artificial fly too much credit1 in my judgment1 cannot be given4 ,that wet flies are not such remarkable imitations of the natural flies as are the dry flies goes almost without saying4 ,as a matter of fact it is not the question which fly is the better imitation1 but that both the wet fly and the dry fly are patterned1 in most cases1 after the natural flies4 ,from the time of ,walton and before that1 wet flies have been patterned after natural flies4 ,in many instances nowadays wet flies are not designed to represent natural flies1 but such flies are freaks1 are short-lived1 and are seldom used by real trout fly-fishermen4 ,there is no doubt in my mind that taken as a whole wet flies have been intended to represent natural flies1 but quite often in the past and in the present day have not been and are not good imitations4 ,as the art of fly-tying has advanced1 more nearly do the artificial represent the natural flies1 and this advancement is due1 in a great measure1 to the makers of dry flies4 ,speaking from a practical standpoint1 the so-called dry flies are the very best wet flies obtainable1 and on most ,american trout waters more trout will be caught on them when fished wet than when fished dry1 especially the fontinalis4 ,dr4 ,james ,a4 ,henshall1 author of ,the ,book of the ,black ,bass3 ,regarding the ',trout ,flies' clipping sent me for comment ,i think the mention of my name in it is sufficient without adding anything more4 ,dr4 ,edward ,breck1 author of ,the ,way of the ,woods1 etc43 ,i suppose that ,i may subscribe to your paragraph in answer to ,mr4 ,lincoln4 ,we old chaps all know that laying down any hard and fast rules for trout is a futile undertaking2 there are so many exceptions1 and les extremes se touchent so very often4 ,many wet flies are certainly not imitations of natural flies nor are they meant to be2 as1 for example1 the ,parmachenee belle1 which they say ,wells fashioned to imitate the belly-fin of a trout1 always known to be a killing lure4 ',non-university' trout grab anything that looks like food1 whether it has the appearance of an insect or something else4 ,the more educated fish of the more southern waters may make finer distinctions4 ,it is a vast subject1 and as many authorities may be found for almost any statement as for the several pronunciations of the word ',byzantine4' ,you remember the scoffing ,english ,angler who dyed his dry flies blue and red and took a lot of fish with them1 to the scandal of the purists6 ,the charm of the whole thing is precisely that there are no rules4 ,it is like style in writing ,english4 ,every man makes his own4 ,whether it is more pleasing in the sight of ,saint ,izaak to wait for a fish to begin feeding before casting over him1 or for a man to sally forth1 and1 by dint of knowledge and patience and skill1 actually make the trout rise to his lure1 what arrogant mortal shall judge8 ,robert ,page ,lincoln3 ,perhaps ,i should have said some wet flies are an imitation of no special object connected with living things4 ,in the list of wet flies there are experimentations galore that will serve as well as any of the standard regulation flies4 ,i can sit down and construct offhand a fly to be used as wet or submerged that ,i feel sure ,i can use with as much success as with the miller1 gnat1 or any other fly that is no doubt much on the order of an imitation of the natural4 ,perhaps in writing the article ,i was thinking too deeply of the eccentric nondescripts that do not imitate nature4 ,yet these nondescripts 7flies tied anyway to suit the fancy71 yet having hackle wings1 etc41 will get the fish2 they are drawn in the water gently back and forth1 thus purporting to be some insect drowning2 yet ,i doubt very much if the fish can tell what sort of a fly1 living fly1 it should be4 ,i do not care2 it is the motion1 the apparent endeavor of the fly to get out of that watery prison that arouses the fish's blood4 ,however1 ,halford says3 ',the modern theory is that these patterns 7the wet flies7 are taken by the fish for the nymphae or pupae--these being the scientific names of the immature insects at the stage immediately preceding the winged form4444 ,candidly1 however1 the presence of the wings in the sunk fly pattern has puzzled me1 because in my experience ,i have never seen the winged insects submerged by the action of the stream4 ,sedges do at times descend to oviposit and so do certain spinners1 but the appearance under this condition1 with an air bubble between their wings1 resembles nothing so much as a globe of mercury--an appearance which bears no resemblance to the ordinary sunk fly patterns4' ,i have been strictly a devotee to the wet-fly form1 and always hold that it is the better fly for our swift ,western streams2 in the wet form certainly it is the better fly two thirds of the time4 ,still1 glassy pools1 even smooth waters1 come few and far between1 but1 where they are1 there the dry fly is a valuable addition to the ,angler's outfit4 ,you might change my article 7in the paragraph in question7 to read thus3 ',the wide range of difference between some wet flies and the dry fly lies in the fact that a good number of wet flies are an imitation of no special thing active and living1 while the majority of the dry flies purport to be an imitation of natural flies4' ,this would exclude the wet flies that make good dry flies1 namely the suggested millers1 gnats1 etc4 ,it would be interesting to know the number of captures made with wet flies as they fall lightly to water and for a moment ride the brim4 ,captures have been made wherein two thirds of the time the wet fly has lain on the surface but a scant moment before it was seized4 ,in my great number of articles printed in the universal outdoor press ,i have always suggested that the fly be cast easily to water1 expecting1 first1 a rise as it lies on the surface2 second1 failing at this1 then the fly submerges and is drawn in the water1 to assure the opening and closing of hackles1 thus purporting to imitate the drowning1 struggling insect4 ,charles ,hallock1 author of ,the ,sportsman's ,gazetteer1 ,the ,salmon ,fisher1 etc43 ,i have nothing more to say4 ,i hung up my trout rod last summer at ,chesterfield4 ,mass41 in my eighty-second year4 ,so1 my fly-book is closed4 ,let younger ,anglers do the talking and discuss ad infinitum4 ,flies are not on my line4 ,good-bye4 ,to frame the little animal ,let nature guide thee4 --,,gay4 ,,trout ,,taking ,,the ,,fly ,you will observe when casting the wet fly 444 that trout seldom rise to the fly when it first strikes the water 444 after years of experience ,i am prepared to state as my opinion that such a thing does not happen once in thirty casts4--,charles ,zibeon ,southard1 ,trout ,fly-,fishing in ,america4 ,this has not been my experience with fontinalis in the streams and ponds of ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y41 and the mountain brooks of ,pennsylvania1 where many of my trout took the fly almost before it touched the water4 ,i have seen trout catch large live flies in the air a few inches over the surface4 ,i think large trout in clear1 still ponds easily see the cast fly before it alights4 ,the trout in rapid streams may not be so alert1 but ,i have certainly caught many a specimen on the fly the instant the lure touched the water4 ,mr4 ,william ,m4 ,carey1 who is responsible for the frontispiece in this volume1 is positive trout often jump out of the water in taking the fly4 ,i1 too1 have seen trout do so4 ,it is not a regular practice of the species1 but ,i easily recall many instances of the trout leaping clear of the surface and taking the fly in the descent4 ,trout of all sizes will often strike both living and artificial flies with their tails1 this either in play or to disable the insect4 ,a writer in ,forest and ,stream 7,january #i1 #aija7 says3 ,in fishing a trout stream in northern ,michigan ,i was using a cast of a ,parmachenee belle and a brown hackle4 ,i was wading downstream1 and ,i came to a place where a tree had fallen into the stream1 and after several casts ,i noticed some small trout following my flies4 ,i cast again1 and while my flies were five or six inches from the water a trout four or five inches long jumped clear out of the water1 grabbed my ,parmachenee belle and immediately dove with it in its mouth4 ,i believe the same trout did the same thing several times while ,i was fishing there4 ,these were brook trout and they were not jumping except when they jumped at my flies4 ,the foregoing comments were submitted to ,mr4 ,southard1 and he writes me3 ,what you say about catching trout in ,long ,island waters and the mountain brooks of ,pennsylvania is entirely true4 ,during the early spring season ,i have caught1 at times1 many small trout on such waters in precisely the same way1 and in addition there have been days on many different waters where occasionally during the whole of the open season ,i have caught trout when they rose the moment the fly alighted upon the water4 ,these experiences of ours alone1 however1 do not establish as a fact nor as a general proposition that trout rise to a fly more often when it first alights upon the water than after the fly has been fished or played by the ,angler2 nor that my statement as a general proposition is not a correct one4 ,the statement was perhaps poorly worded and thus misleading1 and ,i should have said that on an average trout do not rise to a fly once in thirty casts when it first alights upon the water4 ,my opinion was based1 first1 upon trout fly-fishing on all kinds of fishable waters wherever found2 second1 upon all sizes of trout from the minimum of six inches to the maximum of thirty inches whether or not they were indigenous or planted fish2 third1 upon my own experience of over twenty-five years as well as the opinion of many ,anglers and guides with an experience covering a longer period than my own2 fourth1 upon my knowledge of the habits and habitats of trout under the many varying conditions which govern their lives and actions4 ,unfortunately most ,anglers have given almost no thought to studying and analyzing 'the art of fly-fishing' to the end that they may become better and more successful fishermen and thus enjoy to a greater extent the pleasures of the clean1 dignified1 and delightful sport of angling4 ,it is not surprising then that an ,angler upon first thought1 even an experienced one1 might think that trout rise to flies when they first alight upon the water more often than once in thirty casts because he remembers only the rises and his successes1 but pays very little attention to the lack of either4 ,how many ,anglers know approximately the number of casts they make in an hour8 ,how many know the number of rises they have and when8 ,how many know the number of trout that rise and strike and are hooked and landed8 ,the answer is ',few indeed'2 and those who hazard a guess are usually far from the facts4 ,the average fly-fishing ,angler casts his fly or flies1 on most waters1 from five to seven times a minute and the less experienced ,angler from seven to ten times4 ,with the more experienced ,angler this means that he casts from #cjj to #dbj times in an hour and in five hours from #aejj to #bajj times4 ,let us take the lesser number as a basis of reasoning2 in one hour1 if once in thirty casts a trout rose1 struck1 and was hooked when the fly first alighted upon the water1 the ,angler's creel would be richer by ten fish and in five hours by fifty fish4 ,then to this number should be added the trout that rise1 strike1 and are hooked after the fly has alighted upon the water and has been fished or played by the ,angler4 ,would it not be a fair proposition to say that at least as many trout would be caught under the latter circumstances as the former8 ,to my mind it would4 ,the ,angler then would have creeled one hundred fish in five hours4 ,as some trout1 even with the most expert of ,anglers1 are bound to be lost let us be liberal and place the loss at fifty per cent41 thus making the ,angler's net catch fifty instead of one hundred fish4 ,think this over and think over what your experience has been1 day after day and season after season1 and ask yourself if a catch of this size is not very unusual on the best of trout fishing waters4 ,so far as my own experience goes it certainly is most unusual1 and ,i fish on many fine waters each year and for at least one hundred days4 ,there are some places1 especially in the ,state of ,maine1 and notably ',the ,meadow ,grounds' of ',the ,seven ,ponds1' ,franklin ,county1 where at times large numbers of small trout1 running from five to seven or eight inches1 can be caught in a fishing day of five hours and ,i have known of ,anglers catching1 though not killing1 from three hundred to seven hundred trout and most of them rose to the flies when they first alighted upon the water4 ,at ',tim ,pond1' ,maine1 the only place ,i know where more trout can be caught on the fly than by bait1 one hundred to two hundred trout have been caught in one day on the fly1 but in most instances these trout take the fly not when it alights upon the water but after it has been played4 ,such occurrences as these1 however1 take place where countless numbers of small trout are found in the shallow waters of remarkable and wonderful natural breeding and propagating sections4 ,instances of this kind prove nothing because they are the great exception and the art of fly-fishing is not brought into play1 for one fly is as good as another and the small boy with his fifty-cent pole can catch just as many trout as the man of experience with his thirty-dollar rod of split bamboo4 ,yet in expressing my opinion about trout rising to a fly when it first alights upon the water ,i took into consideration just such instances as ,i have cited4 ',for your own satisfaction and education1' to quote from my book1 'when the opportunity offers1 keep an account of the number of rises you get when your fly first strikes the water and the number you get after you have begun to fish the fly1 and so prove for yourself what the real facts are on this subject4' ,it is unquestionably true that all trout both large and small1 when in clear1 still water that is shallow1 easily see a cast fly before it alights upon the surface4 ,at times1 under certain conditions both on streams and lakes1 trout will leap into the air and take small as well as large flies in the air4 ,but seldom will large or very large trout rise above the surface for any kind of fly either real or artificial4 ,in order that there may be no misunderstanding ,i would say that ,i classify the size of trout as follows3 ,small trout1 #h inches and under4 ,medium sized trout1 #i to #ac inches4 ,large trout1 #ad to #ah inches4 ,very large trout1 #ai inches and over4 ,trout found in rapid streams are more alert than trout found elsewhere2 they in most cases represent the perfection of trout life in all its different phases4 ,trout in rapid streams are snappy risers to both the real and artificial fly but owing to the current they frequently 'fall short' and fail to strike and take the fly4 ,such trout when they do take the fly are the easiest to hook because they often hook or help to hook themselves owing to the current4 ,your experience can hardly be said to differ materially from my own in the instances you mention1 but ,i cannot help thinking that you have failed to take into account the many times when you have returned with an empty or very nearly empty creel or to consider the number of times you have actually cast your fly on the days when the creel was full to overflowing4 ,if you have cited your usual experience then ,i heartily congratulate you upon your skill and upon your good fortune in knowing such remarkable fishing waters wherein there dwells 'the most beautiful fish that swims4' ,i fully agree with ,mr4 ,southard1 and ,i1 too1 should have worded my comment differently1 though ,i didn't declare1 fortunately1 that most of my trout were taken the instant the fly touched the water4 ,i used the word many in both instances where ,i spoke of the trout taking the fly4 ,i think ,i should have considered more deeply ,mr4 ,southard's line once in thirty casts2 then we'd have understood each other4 ,however1 no crime has been committed2 far from it1 for look you1 reader1 what you have gained--all this delightful extra practical reading2 and remember ye1 one of the charms of angling1 as ,pritt says1 is that it presents an endless field for argument1 speculation1 and experiment4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,the ,,brook ,,trout',s ,,rival ,when the ,german brown trout was introduced in the brook trout streams of ,pennsylvania some years ago fly-fishermen condemned the act because they believed the brook trout 7,s4 fontinalis7 was superior to the brown trout as a game fish4 ,deforestation1 rendering the streams too warm for the brook trout1 has changed the fly-fisherman's feeling in the matter4 ,the brown trout can thrive in warm water1 and with the brook trout's gradual extermination the brown trout is being welcomed as the next best thing4 ,a correspondent at ,reading1 ,pa41 signing himself ,mourner--he mourns the passing of the true brook trout--declares the brown trout strikes harder than the brook trout and after being hooked1 unlike the brook trout1 makes two or three leaps out of the water1 but is not so gamey and cunning as the brook trout and tires out much quicker4 ,the ,german species has been popular because it attains a larger size quickly and destroys almost every fish in the streams1 including the brook trout4 ,the fly-fishermen who for years have matched their skill1 cunning1 artifice1 and prowess against the genuine brook trout that since creation dawned have inhabited the mountain brooks that flow down every ravine1 says ,mourner1 have had forced on them1 as never before1 the sad truth that1 like the deer1 bear1 quail1 woodcock1 and grouse1 brook trout are slowly but surely passing4 ,there never was a fish so gamy1 elusive1 and eccentric1 so beautiful and so hard to deceive and capture by scientific methods as the native brook trout4 ,no orator has yet risen to fully sound its praises2 no poet to sing its merits as they deserve2 no painter to produce its varied hues4 ,the brook trout was planted in the crystal waters by the ,creator 'when the morning stars sang together' and fontinalis was undisturbed1 save as some elk1 deer1 bear1 panther1 or wildcat forded the shallows of his abode1 or some ,indian or mink needed him for food4 ,in this environment the brook trout grew and thrived4 ,much warfare made him shy and suspicious until he became crafty to a degree4 ,the brook trout successfully combated man's inventive genius in the shape of agile rods1 artificial flies and other bait calculated to fool the most wary1 and automatic reels1 landing nets1 and other paraphernalia designed to rob a game fish of 'life1 liberty1 and the pursuit of happiness4' ,but it was not until the tanner and acid factory despoiler turned poisoned refuse into the streams and the dynamiter came upon the scene and the sheltering trees were cut away by the lumberman1 letting in the sun and warming the water to a nauseous tepidity1 that the brave trout faltered1 hesitated1 and then quit the uneven conquest4 ,carp and bass were planted in the streams to further endanger the brook trout's existence4 ,next the ,california trout and the ,german brown trout1 who prey upon the true brook trout's progeny1 followed1 till finally1 beaten1 baffled1 dismayed1 poisoned1 routed1 and overwhelmed by the superior numbers and size of a cannibalistic race1 he gradually began his retreat4 ,it is good-bye to the brook trout now4 ,with him it was either cool pools1 solitude1 and freedom1 or extermination4 ,the waters that pour down into larger streams are sad memories now of his school playgrounds4 ,no more will the sportsman's honest hunger be appeased by the brook trout's fine-grained flesh from hardening waters of nearby mountain brooks4 ,but memory of the brook trout cannot be wrested from those who knew him at his best1 and braved personal danger from rattler1 bear1 and wildcat to win him from the crystal waters4 ,the brook trout has been butchered to make a carp's holiday4 ,gone he may be now1 but he will live forever in the dreams of all true fishermen as the real aristocrat of the mountain streams4 ,the like of him will not soon be seen again4 ,the ,fish ,commission has mastered the science of the artificial propagation of the brook trout--millions are now produced with little trouble and expense--and the stocking of waters is a common practice1 but the ,fish ,commission can't propagate forests and woodland streams4 ,mourner must know that the brook trout itself is not hard to save2 it is the preservation of its wild habitat that is the great puzzle4 ,if the ,united ,states ,forestry ,department will protect the trout streams from the greedy lumberman1 the factoryman1 and acid maker1 the ,fish ,commission will have no trouble in saving the brook trout4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,trout ,,on ,,barbless ,,hooks ,most women who indulge in fishing are1 like children1 mere fish takers1 not ,anglers1 but the craft is honored by the association of many fine female devotees who study and practice the gentle art in its fullest meaning--a devotion to the poetic1 artistic1 healthful1 and humane elements in piscatorial pursuits4 ,dame ,juliana ,berners1 who wrote the earliest volume on gentle fishing 7#aejj71 was the first celebrated example of the artful and merciful woman fisher1 and ,cleopatra the first female to make notorious the coarse and ungodly method in fishing for pastime4 ,sweet ,dame ,berners believed in angling--the desire of fair treatment to the quarry1 correct tackle1 a love of the pursuit superior to greed for number in the catch1 and a heavenly admiration of the general beauties of nature in the day as well as in the play2 and brutal ,cleopatra believed in mere fishing1 the killing of the greatest number1 regardless of means1 mercy1 or method4 ,our modern ,dame ,bernerses and ,cleopatras in the fishing fold are many4 ,the wife who aids the net fisherman--the marine farmer whose calling emulates the professional duties of ,jesus' disciples1 ,peter4 ,andrew1 ,james1 and ,john--does not count4 ,her part in fishing1 while by no means angling1 is as honest as the work of the upland farmer's helpmate1 and ,god ,himself will not condemn little children1 male or female1 who fish indiscriminately1 because they do not know4 ,fishing for the modern market is just as honorable as market fishing was in the ancient days when ,jesus praised the net fishermen and made them ,his nearest and dearest friends1 and angling--merciful ungreedy fishing with humane tackle and a clear conscience--is even more righteous than net fishing1 because1 while the main result of the ,angler's pursuit is the same as the marketman's--fish taking--the ,angler's method of capture is far less cruel1 and his creel of fish is far less in number than the boatful of the marketman4 ,the distinction in angling and fishing is made by the modes employed in the taking1 the killing1 and the disposing of the fishes4 ,any fisherman who uses tackle appropriate to the various species1 who is not greedy in his catch1 who plays his game with mercy1 who dispatches it with the least suffering1 who disposes of it without wanton waste1 and who is thankful to the ,maker for the ways and means for all these conditions1 is an ,angler4 ,and cannot woman be as artful and gentle in pursuits and as appreciative in feeling as man8 ,surely4 ,england and ,scotland and ,ireland are famous for their women ,anglers1 and ,maine1 the ,adirondacks1 ,california1 and ,canada boast of the finest female fly-casters in the world4 ,there are more women ,anglers in these last-named territories than there are men ,anglers in all other parts of the ,united ,states4 ,a woman1 ,mary ,orris ,marbury1 wrote the best volume scientifically descriptive of trout1 bass1 and salmon flies of modern times1 and ,cornelia ,crosby1 a daughter of the ,maine wilderness1 is the fly-fishing enthusiast of ,america4 ,great minds1 male and female1 have gentle hearts4 ,izaak ,walton handled a frog as if he loved him4 ,cowper would not unnecessarily hurt a worm4 ,lincoln upset his ,white ,house ,cabinet to rescue a mother pig from a mire4 ,webster neglected the ,supreme ,court to replace a baby robin that had fallen from its nest4 ,moses1 ,john the ,divine1 ,washington1 ,thoreau4 ,audubon1 ,wilson1 and even ,napoleon and ,caesar the mighty mankillers were all of tender hearts1 and all of these were--,anglers4 ,christ was only a fisher of men1 but ,he loved and associated with the fishers of fishes4 ,walton1 the father of fishers and fishing1 angled for the habits of fishes more than for their hides4 ,the capture of a fish was insignificantly incidental to the main notion of his hours abroad--his divine love of the waters1 the fields1 the meadows1 the skies1 the trees1 and ,god's beautiful things that inhabit these4 ',tis the soul we seek to replenish1 not the creel4 ,so a ,long ,island dairyman's daughter views the theme1 and she handles the mother and baby trout as if she loved them4 ,salvelinus fontinalis1 little salmon of the streams1 the ,angler's dearly beloved brook trout--this is the dairymaid's special delight4 ,she breeds these rainbow-hued beauties and broods over them1 she feeds and fondles them1 and they are to her what ,david's holy1 fleecy flock were to him--his blessed charge by heavenly day and cardinal care at night4 ,they feed from her hand1 and play like kittens with her fingers4 ,cleopatra cleaved her fishes with a murderous hand and hook4 ,audrey cuddles her trout with a magnanimous mind and heart4 ,the trout1 with all its famous beauty of color1 grace1 and outline1 all its army of admirers1 all the glory of its aqua-fairyland habitat1 all its seeming gentility of breeding and character1 is none the less a little villain at the killing game1 like the less admired feline and canine and serpentine species1 for he will devour the daintiest and gaudiest butterfly that ever poet sang of4 ,fledgling robins and bluebirds1 orioles and wrens are meat and drink to him4 ,young chipmunks and squirrels that lose their balance in the storm fall into his ready maw4 ,the bat1 the bee1 the beetle and ladybug are rich morsels to his gastric eye1 and the golden lizard1 the umber ant1 the silvery eel1 the crawling angleworm1 the chirping cricket1 creeping spider1 the grasshopper1 the hopping frog1 and e'en the heavenly hummingbird are but mealtime mites to him4 ,perhaps the knowledge of this life-destroying trait in all the fishes made ,cleopatra indifferent to the gentler mode of fishing1 just as it had a softer influence over ,audrey1 for she1 though loving both the fishes and their victims1 was induced to angle and thus punish1 but never kill1 her finny favorites4 ,she had heard of the artificial dry fly ,anglers of ,europe using the barbless hook that held the trout without pain or injury1 and this she made herself1 tying up dozens of somber-hued and lustrous patterns on the bent bit of bronze that formed the snare4 ,the ruly trout who gently waver in the deep pool1 satisfied with the food supplied by their fair mistress1 and who behave themselves when they swim abroad in the general ponds and streams1 are not molested1 but the rebellious urchins who1 disdaining the bits of liver and worm fed to them in plenty1 go forth to slay the happy ladybug and butterfly1 are made the game of the barbless hook4 ,audrey has five or six thousand trout in the pond and the stream flowing into it4 ,the surrounding country is wildly beautiful1 the water being surrounded by great trees of elm1 hickory1 maple1 beech1 chestnut1 walnut1 and dogwood1 under which is spread a rich green lawn1 with here and there patches of wild shrubs1 vines1 and ground flowers4 ,rustic benches circle the water-edge oaks1 and sleek deer1 as tame as ,belgian hares1 browse on the rich grass and eat dainty morsels from the palms of their human friends4 ,cleopatra's marble perch basin was cold and deadly in its artificial atmosphere4 ,audrey's woodland trout preserve is warm and lifelike in its natural loveliness4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,the ,,brook ,,trout ,,incognito 7,the ,sea ,trout7 ,i am the wiser in respect to all knowledge and the better qualified for all fortunes for knowing that there is a minnow in that brook4--,,thoreau4 ,there is still considerable argument about the identification and classification of the sea trout4 ,some authorities still claim the sea trout is a distinct species2 others declare it to be the brook trout1 ,salvelinus fontinalis1 that goes to sea from the fresh water ponds and streams4 ,the squeteague 7vulgo weakfish1 wheatfish1 sea bass1 white sea bass1 carvina1 checutts1 shecutts1 yellowfin1 drummer1 bluefish1 squit1 suckermang1 succoteague1 squitee1 chickwit1 gray trout1 sun trout1 salmon1 salmon trout1 shad trout1 sea trout1 salt-water trout1 spotted trout1 etc47 is not a trout of any sort2 so this species need not be considered in this sea trout discussion4 ,my personal theory concerning the sea trout is that any trout that goes to sea is a sea trout1 and that more than one species of trout go to sea--whenever they have the opportunity4 ,the small-stream trout that visit the ocean do so mainly in search of a change in food2 the sea-going trout of large rivers are impelled to leave their fresh water retreats for the ocean waters also to satisfy a desire for new varieties of food1 but more so because of an instinct that warns them of the danger of remaining in the fresh-water rivers during certain periods of the year--the coldest seasons when the waters freeze to the river bottom1 and in the melting time1 when the ice thaws into huge sharp-edge chunks1 and the mass of ice1 swift-running water1 and rocks turn the rivers into raging1 roaring floods that would cut and bruise the trout unmercifully4 ,nature makes these large-river brook trout in the calm periods of spring1 summer1 and autumn1 and sea trout in severe winter weather and during dangerous flood time4 ,the broad streams of the west coast of ,newfoundland--,fishels ,river1 ,crabs ,river1 ,big and ,little ,codroy ,rivers1 ,big and ,little ,barachois ,rivers1 and ,robinson's ,river--afford the best evidence of trout migrating to the sea to escape the fury of the flood1 and any of the little trout streams in any part of the world where the streams flow into salt water will afford the student means of observing the trout's fondness for marine excursions in search of a change of diet4 ,just as the different species of trout are widely contrasting in colors1 shapes1 sizes1 traits1 etc41 while in their natural habitat--fresh water--so are they confoundingly different in these matters while sojourning in salt water4 ,the true brook trout 7,salvelinus fontinalis7 is of various shades1 shapes and sizes1 these depending upon the character of the water he inhabits4 ,in shallow1 swift streams of a light color pebble bottom the specimens in general are likely to be thin1 narrow1 and of a bright gray hue1 though1 of course1 there are individual specimens in this condition of water that are exceptions to the rule--a few old specimens who have sheltered themselves for years in dark1 deep1 steady spots under the protruding bank of the stream1 or along the side of a sunken tree stump1 etc4 ,this autocrat of the eddy is fat1 stocky1 and dark in color1 just the opposite of his younger relatives of the swift-running part of the stream4 ,the brook trout of deep1 still dark-bottom ponds are fatter1 darker1 broader1 of duller color and of slower motion than their brothers of the rapid waters4 ,the trout's shape1 weight1 size1 and color are influenced by its food1 its age1 its activity1 its habitat1 and its habits4 ,its color corresponds to the color of the water bottom1 and will change as the water bottom changes4 ,if removed to a new water1 where the bottom color is different from the bottom color of its first abode--lighter or darker1 as the case may be--it will gradually grow to a corresponding shade1 blending with its new habitat just as its colors suited the stones and grasses and earthy materials of its native domain4 ,the landlocked trout1 if imprisoned in a deep1 dark1 muddy-bottom1 shaded woodland pool1 will be dull in color1 stocky in shape1 and of sluggish habits4 ,the trout confined to a bubbling fountain pool1 with a bottom of golden sand1 at the foot of a waterfall1 in the full glare of the sun1 will be of albino character4 ,perhaps no other fish offers specimens of its own kind so deeply in contrast as fontinalis4 ,this is scientifically and interestingly illustrated in many ways--color1 size1 shape1 form1 action1 environment1 etc4 ,for example1 consider the big1 fat1 long1 strong1 copper-color brook trout that1 having access to salt water1 gormandizes upon the multitudinous food of the sea--shrimp1 killifish1 spearing1 spawn1 crab1 etc4--and the tiny1 active1 silvery albinolike brook trout that is locked in a small foamy basin under a dashing waterfall1 feeding only upon minute crustacea and the insect life that is carried to its watery prison4 ,these two specimens are not freakish individuals of their species--like the blunt-nose specimen and the various other deformities--but are quite common contrasting representatives of their tribe4 ,if we were to display in a group side by side one of each of the shape-and-color-differing specimens--one large copper-shade1 sea-going brook trout1 one tiny silvery1 fountain-locked brook trout1 one ordinary-environed brook trout1 one blunt-nose brook trout1 etc4--the fact of their being of an identical species would be correctly appreciated by the scientific man only4 ,i am not resorting to poetic license or theorizing or delving into ancient precedents to carry my point of natural history1 for ,i once captured one of the big1 sea-going specimens1 and my friend1 ,james ,cornell1 angling in an adjacent stream the same day1 brought to creel a little silvery beauty of the foamy waterfall4 ,shape1 form1 tint1 weight--every mood and trait--were of astounding contrast in these two specimens1 yet both were of the same species1 the true brook trout2 my dark1 strenuous three-pounder taken in the open1 brackish creek as ,i cast from the salt meadowland sod banks1 and ,cornell's albinolike gamester succumbing to the fly in the foamy fountain of a deep woodland brook2 both specimens widely separated in appearance1 habits1 and habitat1 but still both legitimate brothers of the family fontinalis--little salmon of the streams4 ,trout in the sea feed on shrimp1 the spawn of herring1 and on the entrails of cod and other species of fishes thrown away by market fishermen4 ,if the sea-going trout did not eat the spawn of the herring1 herring would be too plentiful for ,nature's even-distribution arrangement4 ,the sea trout is gorged with herring spawn1 which lies in heaps like so much sawdust on the shores and shallow places of the ocean4 ,cod spawn and milt float on the water's surface2 the spawn of the herring sinks4 ,the sea trout fresh from the streams is plump1 has bright red spots1 and is in ordinary color when it goes to sea2 when it returns to the streams1 though bigger 7longer7 and stronger1 it is comparatively thin1 and is of white or silver-sheened shade4 ,prof4 ,george ,brown ,goode 7,american ,fishes73 ,the identity of the ,canadian sea trout and the brook trout is still denied by many1 though the decision of competent authorities has settled the question beyond doubt4 ,eugene ,mc,carthy 7,familiar ,fish73 ,many ,anglers are now turning their attention to catching sea trout1 either on account of the novelty of the sport or because they believe that they are taking a new variety of fish4 ,that there is novelty in such fishing cannot be denied1 but that the fish is new in any way certainly can be4444 ,there is no doubt that the sea trout and the brook trout are one and the same fish4 ,it is broadly claimed that any of the trout can live as well in salt water as they can in fresh water1 and everything seems to prove the claim to be correct4 ,all trout grow to a larger size in salt water than in the brooks or rivers1 and they lose their spots in the sea1 becoming pale and silvery in color4 ,brook trout were originally found at a distance not greater than three hundred miles back from the ocean in waters tributary to it4 ,where conditions of temperature were favorable1 they invariably sought salt water4 ,when transplanted to1 or found in1 inland waters1 they have adapted themselves to fresh-water conditions as well4 ,all members of the trout family require cold water for their habitat1 averaging about #fh degrees or less4 ,therefore1 they must either seek the cold water of the ocean1 or1 if barred from that by long stretches of warm-river waters1 they must seek the cold1 small tributaries high up in the hills4 ,while trout are found in the highland streams south of ,new ,york as far as ,south ,carolina1 they are not able to seek the sea on account of the warm1 intervening waters4 ,in ,long ,island 7,n4 ,y47 streams all trout are sea-going4 ,from that point along the coast northward sea trout are rarely1 if ever1 found until the northern shores of ,maine and ,new ,brunswick are reached4 ,all rivers flowing into the ,st4 ,lawrence as far west as ,quebec1 as well as those entering the ,saguenay and those of the ,labrador coast1 are especially noted for most excellent sea trout fishing1 and are the favorite resorts of ,anglers4444 ,in all ways the sea trout corresponds with the brook trout when taken in fresh water4 ,if taken in salt water1 there will only be the variation of coloring4 444 ouananiche 444 and sea trout 444 with the exception of salmon 444 afford the greatest sport that the ,angler can find4444 ,exactly the same tackle is used 7for sea trout7 as for ouananiche1 trout1 or bass1 and the same flies1 both in kind and size4444 ,when the fish begin to leave the sea and ascend the rivers1 the bright colorings not only return1 but actually appear to be more beautiful than those of the trout that always remain in fresh water4444 ,but little attention1 comparatively speaking1 has been given to sea trout1 principally because their nature was not understood1 and1 in fact1 but little has been said or written in regard to them to arouse interest4 ,the lessees of the sea trout streams on ,long ,island are very enthusiastic over the fishing they secure1 as are those sportsmen who have sought it in ,canada4 ,the ,canadian rivers are now more quickly and easily reached than formerly1 and as the fish are rapidly acquiring fame they are bound to become much sought after by ,anglers4 ,however1 sea trout fishing is but fishing for brook trout under different conditions1 and amid varied surroundings4 ,they offer1 however1 two extra inducements--they are more plentiful and usually average larger4 ,charles ,hallock 7,sportsman's ,gazetteer7 refers to the common theory that sea trout 7,canada7 are merely a clan or detachment of the brook trout which have temporarily left their fresh-water haunts for the sea2 then ,mr4 ,hallock asks3 ,but1 if we must accept this as a postulate1 we must be permitted to ask why the same peculiarities do not attach to the trout of ,maine4 ,cape ,cod1 and ,long ,island8 ,why do we not discover here this periodical midsummer advent and 'run' of six weeks' duration2 and why are only isolated individuals taken in the salt-water pound nets and fykes of ,long ,island1 etc41 instead of thousands1 as in ,canada8 ,moreover1 the ,canadian sea trout are never taken in the small streams1 but only in rivers of considerable size1 and the same trout uniformly return to the same river1 just as salmon do--at least1 we infer so from the fact that six-pounders are invariably found in the ,nouvelle1 and varying sizes elsewhere4 ,besides1 we must be able to answer why a portion only of the trout in a given stream should periodically visit the sea at a specified time1 while an equal or greater number elect to remain behind in fresh water2 for we may suppose that1 having equal opportunities1 all have the same instincts and desires4 ,but1 trout of different localities do not have equal opportunities2 therefore1 they have not the same instincts and desires4 ,local conditions of ,nature everywhere guide the instincts and govern the desires of every living thing4 ,so1 the trout of ,maine1 the trout of ,cape ,cod1 the trout of ,long ,island--influenced by local conditions--are all vastly different in opportunities1 instincts1 desires1 etc4 ,the ,eskimo biped1 the ,african biped--the bipeds of all countries--are all species of the animal man1 but who dare suggest that they all have equal 7similar7 opportunities and the same instincts and desires8 ,even individuals of the trout of one community are profoundly separated in character from their immediate brothers and sisters4 ,trout vary in their tastes and antics as they vary in color1 shape1 and size4 ,there are hundreds of natural trout flies and hundreds of artificial trout flies1 imitations of the living insects1 used as lures in fishing4 ,why so many patterns8 ,because the trout1 like man1 is in love with a variety of foods at different times1 and both man and trout change in their tastes by the month1 the week1 the day1 the hour1 and the minute4 ,the ,angler does not have to use the hundreds of fly patterns at one fishing1 but he does experiment with a variety of the lures to find the particular patterns the fish is responsive to at the moment4 ,one or two patterns would suffice--if the ,angler could select the particular species the trout are rising to without trying all the patterns until he discovers the killing patterns4 ,a chef might please his master with one or two of the forty courses billed if he knew what the man wanted4 ,sometimes the ,angler can judge the appropriate fly to use by observing ,nature in seeing trout rise to the live fly2 but there are times when trout are not rising1 times when they are tired of the fly upon the water1 and times when the real fly is not on the wing4 ,general rules are of no service without a deep regard for general conditions1 local and otherwise4 ,all trout must not be judged alike even if they be of one species and in one little pool4 ,individuals of man1 though of one race and in one district1 are not all alike in their habits any more than they are in their shades1 shapes1 and sizes4 ,the conditions of the large rivers of ,newfoundland are different from the conditions of the small streams of ,maine1 ,long ,island1 and ,cape ,cod2 hence the differing desires of the trout in these differing waters4 ,there is no similarity in the quiet1 tiny trout brooks of ,long ,island and the broad torrential rivers of ,newfoundland1 and it is only natural that the fishes of these deeply contrasting waters should be widely separated in character--instinct1 desires1 color1 shape1 size1 etc4 ,so ,i do not hesitate to express a belief that the sea trout1 no matter where we find it1 is just our own fond fontinalis incognito4 ,between ,halifax and ,sydney1 ,nova ,scotia1 there are many wild sea trout rivers where the fish have never seen a human being4 ,angle from the middle of ,june to the end of ,august4 ,in ,june large sea trout are caught in salt water at the mouth of rivers on the artificial fly and minnow bait4 ,the best east shore sea trout streams are ,st4 ,mary's1 ,muscadoboit4 ,tangier1 ,cole ,harbor1 ,petpeswick1 ,quoddy1 ,sheet ,harbor1 ,moser's ,river1 ,half-way ,brook1 ,smith ,brook1 ,ecwon ,secum1 ,isaac's ,harbor1 and about ,guysboro4 ,southwest of ,halifax great sea trout fishing may be had at ,ingram ,river1 ,nine ,mile ,river1 ,hubley's4 ,indian ,river1 and about ,liverpool1 ,chester1 and the salmon country about ,medway4 ,in ,new ,brunswick beautiful and prolific sea trout waters may be reached from the towns of ,new ,castle 7,miramichi ,river and branches--,may and ,june74 ,chatham 7,miramichi ,river1 ,tabusintac ,river1 ,bartibog ,river1 ,eskeldoc ,river71 ,bathhurst 7,nipisguit ,river1 ,tetagouche ,river1 ,caroquet ,river1 ,pockmouche ,river71 and ,campbellton1 in the ,baie de ,chaleur ,river1 ,restigouche ,river1 and the ,cascapedia4 ,metapedia1 ,upsalquitch1 ,nouvelle1 ,escuminac rivers4 ,my choice of sea trout flies includes3 ,brown ,hackle4 ,claret1 ,cinamon1 ,codun1 ,jenny ,lind1 ,parmachenee ,belle1 ,montreal1 ,grouse1 ,silver ,doctor4 ,use sober-hued patterns in fresh water2 bright patterns in salt water4 ,hooks3 ,nos4 #g to #ab4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,hooking ,,the ,,trout ,give plenty of time for the fish to swallow the hook1 says ,o4 ,w4 ,smith1 in ,outdoor ,life 7,december1 #aiad71 addressing the croppie 7strawberry bass7 ,angler4 ,it is not un-anglerlike to catch any fish hooked beyond the lips8 ,angling has its gentle qualities as well as its practical ends4 ,it's different in mere fishing4 ,i don't believe any ,angler would purposely hook his game otherwise than in the lip--a nerveless center where there is no pain--though the plain fisherman may resort to any method in his pursuit4 ,i remember some years ago when two fishermen caught the same fish 7a large fluke71 one hook being in the fish's mouth and the other hook on the inside of the fish's stomach1 it was decided after a long discussion that the fish really belonged to the man whose hook held to the mouth2 the swallowed hook was judged as illegitimate4 ,fishes hooked in the mouth do not suffer any pain4 ,i've recaught many a once-lost specimen with my snell in its lip2 these in both fresh water and salt water4 ,incidents of this character furnish one of the many proofs that mouth-hooking the fish is perfectly humane4 ,two friends witnessed my catch 7,july #aa1 #aiae7 of a ,long ,island two-and-one-quarter-pound brook trout that had a fly and leader 7my first cast7 dangling from its mouth1 the gear he broke away with a few minutes before his actual capture4 ,there is no need of subjecting fishes to any pain in angling4 ,hook them in the lips1 and kill them the very second they are taken from the water4 ,letting them die slowly not only pains the captured fishes1 but injures them as food4 ,be a sportsman in angling as well as in hunting4 ,the chivalric gunner1 unlike the market shooter1 does not pot his quail huddled stationary on the ground2 he gallantly takes it on the wing--gives it a fair chance4 ,so the ,angler1 unlike the trade fisher1 gives his game fair play4 ,i catch quite my share of many species of fishes1 but ,i only rarely suffer them to swallow the bait1 and this by accident4 ,even pickerel and fluke 7plaice7 can be abundantly taken by being hooked in the lips4 ,i never allow the pickerel or the black bass to swallow the bait2 ,i hook them in the lip as ,i hook my trout--on the wing1 as it were4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,doctor ,,nature ,the wise for cure on exercise depend2 ,god never made ,his work for man to mend4 ,he that takes no holiday hastens a long rest4 ,game is not the only thing sought for by many men and women who go angling and shooting4 ,wise ,lord ,russell used to ride to the hounds until he bagged an appetite1 then turn suddenly and ride as hard as possible to the nearest farmhouse and eat a hearty meal4 ,audubon and ,wilson went afield to study ornithology2 ,gray and ,thoreau for the study of general natural history1 and thousands upon thousands of men and women less famous have gone afield with rod and gun for still another quarry--health4 ,lord ,russell's appetite hunting reminds me of the case of a young invalid whom ,i once took on a trout fishing trip4 ,the young man had been ill all his life4 ,nobody seemed to know what his complaint was1 but everybody he came in contact with agreed that he was ill4 ,he looked it1 and often said he was born that way4 ,i defined his case the first day ,i met him--the city complaint1 a complication of general under-the-weather-ness that is brought about by foul air1 improper exercise1 steady indoor work1 irregularity1 cigarettes1 and incorrect food incorrectly eaten4 ,he's well now4 ,he went out in the woods for two weeks every three months for six years1 and at present he's as fat and solid as a ,delaware shad4 ,i shall never forget his expression when he hooked his first breath of fresh air and creeled a genuine outdoor appetite4 ,a woods appetite is very different from the hunger that once in a while comes to the always-in-the-city man4 ,it strikes suddenly1 one's knees begin to shake1 and a cold perspiration breaks out on the forehead4 ,my poor young friend1 having never previously experienced an appetite1 of course didn't know what had taken hold of him4 ,he began to cry and totter1 and ,i stepped up to him just in time to save him from falling off a moss-covered rock into a roaring trout stream4 ,i'm ill1 he said1 have been ill all my life4 ,i thought this trip would do me good but ,i'm worse4 ,please let me lie down2 ,i'm very faint4 ,oh1 come1 said ,i1 you're only hungry2 here1 give me your rod1 and lean on my arm2 you'll be all right in a little while4 ,i took him up to the farmhouse and started him slowly on some deviled trout and watercress4 ,poor fellow1 he reminded me of a young setter dog born and brought up in the city and taken afield for the first time4 ,well1 that young man did nothing but cry and eat for two weeks4 ,he then went home to tell his folks he had come to life1 and then hurried out to feed and weep for another month4 ,i know a hundred young men and women in ,new ,york who are in a bad way with the city complaint4 ,the streets are filled with ghost-like creatures4 ,lord ,derby is right3 ,if you do not find time for exercise you will have to find time for illness4 ,to-morrow we will go a-fishing2 do thou go now and fetch the bait4 --,hymir to ,thar4 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,the ,,brook ,,trout ,then1 give me the trout of the mountain stream4 ,with his crimson stars and his golden gleam2 ,when he1 like a hero1 on the moss lies4 ,the ,angler has won his fairest prize6 ,,author ,,unknown4 ,trout ,taking ,flies4--,trout invariably strike the insect first with their tails1 knocking it into the water and then devouring it with a swift dart which can hardly be distinguished from the original movement1 so quickly does one succeed the other4--,w4 ,c4 ,prime4 ,trout ,colors4--,the color of a trout's back depends on the color of the bottom of the river4 ,rapidly growing trout differ greatly in spots and color from those which grow slowly and thrive badly4 ,a middle-aged trout differs in color from an aged trout4 ,speaking generally1 the young1 healthy1 fast-growing fish will have silvery sides1 white belly1 and plenty of well-defined spots4 ,the poorly fed fish will have few or no spots1 a drab belly1 and muddy yellow sides4 ,old trout are particularly lank and large-headed4 ,tame ,trout4--,an ,english gentleman has two brook trout that take flies from his fingers1 and that ring a little bell cord when they are hungry4 ,they were taught this latter performance by having bits of food tied to the cord when it was first introduced4 ,wild ,trout and ,tame4--,somehow the catching of1 as it were1 stall-fed trout has not the same charm as the fishing for the wild trout4 ,the domestics lack that fierce rush and dash of the wild beauty4--,john ,b4 ,robinson4 ,sight1 ,hearing1 etc41 of ,trout4--,there is no question 444 as to the high development of the senses of sight1 taste1 and hearing in trout4--,wm4 ,c4 ,harris4 ,trout at ,play4--,many times have ,i leaned over the sides of my boat in ,northern waters1 where the trout lay beneath me1 and seen the mottled beauties chase each other1 and race and leap in rivalry of sport1 until their bright sides irradiated the dark stream with glancing light1 as if the rays of the sun had taken water and were at their bath4--,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,murry4 ,trout in ,hungary4--,the streams of ,hungary afford excellent angling for trout and grayling4 ,unidentified ,trout4--,m4 ,p4 ,dunham of ,ovando4 ,montana1 a sportsman's guide of many years' experience1 writes me3 ,we have two trout here in ,montana that ,i do not find pictured in ,the ,angler's ,guide or any other book ,i have seen containing the technical portraits of the fishes4 ,one of these trout weighs up to forty-nine pounds and its average weights are twelve pounds to fifteen pounds4 ,the other is a small trout that averages less than one pound in weight1 and it has no spots4 ,the large trout has a few spots1 these being particularly brilliant in the mating season--,september and ,october4 ,the best time to fish for this large species is in ,august and ,september4 ,both of these unidentified trout will rise to the artificial fly1 but in fly-fishing ,i have never taken a specimen of the large species that weighed over six pounds1 the fish ranging beyond this weight favoring small fish and red meat for bait4 ,the waters are overstocked with the large variety2 the small unspotted variety is only in one stream4 ,undoubtedly these two trout are odd forms of well-known species4 ,mr4 ,dunham should send specimens of each to the ,united ,states ,fish ,commission at ,washington4 ,the small trout will undoubtedly prove to be the common mountain trout1 whose peculiar habitat--the one stream ,mr4 ,dunham mentions--is responsible for its peculiar coloring4 ,the large fish that ranges up to forty-nine pounds is no doubt a form of lake trout which has been known to attain a weight of eighty pounds and a length of six feet4 ,the ,trout's ,symmetry4--,few humanly designed lines are more graceful than those of the yacht4 ,the trout is made up of such lines4 ,it is a submarine designed by the ,almighty4 ,it makes the most of the simple elements of artistic beauty--symmetry of line1 suggestive of agile power1 and delicately blended harmonies of rich color4--,new ,york ,evening ,telegram1 editorial page1 ,july #ag1 #aiae4 ,the ,beautiful ,trout4--,of all the many species of trout1 ,salvelinus or ,salmo1 the brook trout1 fontinalis1 is by far the most beautiful4--,charles ,zibeon ,southard4 ,a ,loving ,trout4--,at the ,wintergreen estate1 ,highland ,lake1 ,winsted1 ,conn41 a brook trout was kept in captivity in a deep spring for seven years4 ,when the fish was fifteen inches in length two other brook trout1 a male and female1 each ten inches long1 were placed in the spring to keep the old fellow company4 ,he promptly fell in love with the lady trout and killed and swallowed her escort4 ,albino ,trout4--,the fish hatchery in ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn41 had at one time twenty thousand albino trout in stock4 ,this species was discovered in #ahic4 ,there is something peculiar in ,minnesota waters which aids propagation of this species4 ,the fish are white mottled with red and yellow spots2 the fins are white with red bands mottled with yellow4 ,the eyes are red and the trout has apparently a transparent skin so that the bones are visible through it4 ,rainbow ,trout4--,dr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,buzard1 of ,hayward4 ,calif41 fishing in the ,spokane ,river within ten minutes' walk of the city of ,spokane1 ,wash41 creeled eleven rainbow trout weighing1 collectively1 seventeen pounds4 ,rocky ,mountain ,trout4--,h4 ,e4 ,peck1 of ,kenman4 ,north ,dakota1 and ,h4 ,n4 ,stabeck1 of ,minneapolis4 ,minn41 enjoyed good trout fishing last summer in the ,crow ,west country of the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,a catch of thirty-one trout weighed1 collectively1 fifty-one pounds4 ,the largest specimen weighed three and one fourth pounds4 ,flood-water ,trout4--,when the trout stream is flooded1 the trout find plenty of food and they gorge themselves with worms1 etc4 ,then they refuse the ,angler's bait for several days--trout feed on a rising stream1 not on a falling stream4--,e4 ,curley4 ,a ,tame ,trout4--,sunbeam1 the pet speckled trout in the fish hatchery at ,estes ,park1 is very fond of being stroked and petted1 and will swim around and rub itself against a person's hand whenever a chance is given it4--,estes 7,calif47 ,correspondent ,new ,york ,world4 ,i'll warrant this fish only rubs its lips against the hand of man4 ,no fish will willingly allow its body to come in contact with a man's hand1 because fishes are covered with a slime that protects them when they encounter rocks1 logs1 etc41 and they naturally would not voluntarily waste this valuable armor4 ,traits of the ,trout4--,the brook trout 7,salvelinus fontinalis71 using its tail with vigor and precision1 will splash water into the midst of a mass of flying insects 7midge1 black gnat1 mosquito1 etc471 and thus disable these insects so that they will fall on the surface of the water1 where they become easy prey to the voracious trout4 ,fontinalis will also use his tail in striking to disable larger insects 7butterflies1 beetles1 cricket1 potato-bug1 etc471 and the ,angler's artificial flies when they are floating in or upon the water4 ,rainbow ,trout4--,the rainbow takes the fly so readily that there is no reason for resorting to grasshoppers1 salmon eggs1 or other bait4 ,it is a fish whose gameness will satisfy the most exacting of expert ,anglers1 and whose readiness to take any proper line will please the most impatient of inexperienced amateurs4--,prof4 ,evermann4 ,the ,tactful ,trout4--,trout are emblems of quiet1 calm1 and gentleness1 such as love not to be in troubled waters or to be tossed to and fro by the blustering of wicked and malevolent spirits1 but rather live quiet at home than enjoy abundance through labor and trouble4--,randal ,holme4 ,double-headed ,trout4--,a two-headed brook trout is the product of the fish hatchery at ,colebrook1 ,n4 ,h4 ,trout in ,side ,currents4--,as a general rule although many trout are taken near1 very near the rough1 white water of a stream1 they do not as a rule lie in the very swiftest portions1 but in adjacent and quieter side currents4--,samuel ,g4 ,camp4 ,the ,angler's ,joy4--,the brook trout always will be the ,angler's greatest joy1 but the ,german brown trout introduced in ,american waters and the rainbow trout add variety to the social life of the streams4--,neal ,brown4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,the ,,angler ,i live not in myself1 but ,i become ,portion of that around me2 and to me ,high mountains are a feeling1 but the hum ,of human cities torture4 ,,byron4 ,he'd eat his lunch in a minute2 ,he had no time to spare4 ,at a mounted fish in a window ,he'd stop an hour to stare4 ,judge4 ,the ,lone ,angler4--,the reason a man likes to go angling is that his family doesn't like to go with him4--,new ,york ,press4 ,the ,true ,angler4--,if true ,anglers1 you are sure to be gentle2 and as the truly gentle are always virtuous1 you must be happy4 ,let neither prosperity nor adversity deaden 'the fresh feeling after ,nature' which the use of the rod and reel always heightens or confers4 ,whether overladen with good fortune or suffering under the shocks of adversity1 forget not to take the magic wand and repair to the murmuring waters4 ',the music of those gentle moralists will steal into your heart'2 and1 while invigorating physical energy1 your souls will be charmed and your minds soothed and tempered by the melody of birds1 the sights of nature1 and the sounds of inferior animals above1 around1 and beneath the enlivening waters4 ,with rosy dreams and bright streams1 breezy morns and mellow skies1 a light heart and a clear conscience1 may ',god speed ye well4'--,genio ,c4 ,scott1 ,fishing in ,american ,waters4 ,real vs4 ,rural ,angler4--,the assertion that the bent-pin-fishing country boy can catch more trout than the properly equipped ,angler is material of the comic papers4 ,no impracticable boy1 whether he be of the country or of the city1 can excel the correctly rigged1 careful ,angler4 ,the bent-pin youth of the farm may outfish the unskillful1 showy tyro from the city1 but to compete with the scientific ,angler he would have about the same chance of outfishing the expert as a cow would have fishing alongside of a mink4 ,the ,bicycle ,angler4--,mr4 ,david ,rivers writes me3 ,i ride my wheel to my favorite angling places regularly in the spring1 summer1 and autumn times4 ,the four-ounce rod takes up no noticeable space on the wheel1 and my leader-box and fly-book are easily carried in my pockets4 ,the ,determined ,angler4--,there is peculiar pleasure in catching a trout in a place where nobody thinks of looking for them1 and at an hour when everybody believes they cannot be caught4--,henry van ,dyke4 ,dry and ,wet ,fly ,angler4--,startling as the statement may sound1 it is probably true that the really good wet-fly fisherman is a greater rarity than the really good dry-fly man4--,london ,field4 ,the ,expert ,fly ,angler4--,a real expert with the wet-fly is a much rarer bird than one with the dry4--,london ,fishing ,gazette4 ,the ,finished ,fly ,angler4-- 444 to be a finished wet-fly ,angler one must possess as much skill as the dry-fly fisherman4--,emlyn ,m4 ,gill4 ,the ,angler ,body and ,soul4--,to take fish is only the body of the gentle art4 ,some of its real enjoyments are what the ,angler sees and feels--the echo of the running streams1 the music of the birds1 the beauty of the flowers peering at him from every side1 the bracing atmosphere1 the odor of pines1 hemlocks1 and spruce2 the hush of the woods at night1 the morning song of the robin1 and the revived appetite4--,a4 ,l4 ,h4 ,ye ,gude ,angler4--,wha ever heard o' a gude angler being a bad or indifferent man8--,noctes4 ,the ,merry ,angler4--,and if the angler take fysshe3 surely thenne is there noo man merier than he is in his spyryte4--,dame ,juliana ,berners 7#adif74 ,the ,religious ,angler4--,the old man fished not for pastime1 nor solely for a subsistence1 but as a solemn sacrament and withdrawal from the world1 just as the aged read their ,bible4--,thoreau4 ,the ,satisfied ,angler4--,trout in the creel or no trout in the creel1 the ,angler never complains of poor sport if there be trout in the water he fishes1 if the weather be pleasant1 and the scenery fair4 ,some fishermen judge their day by the actual catch of fish4 ,the true rodster loves the pursuit and capture of the fish1 the bright day1 and the beautiful natural surroundings equally well4 ,the ,tidy ,angler4--,i don't care if the fish ,i catch weigh only a pound1 no matter what the species may be4 ,my tackle is light1 fine1 and properly rigged1 and with it1 in taking big fish or half-pound and pound fish1 ,i have just as much sport as the man who uses heavy1 coarse1 ill-kept tackle on bigger game alone4 ,the woodcock--the king of game birds--is bagged with ,no4 #aj shot1 but the sport of taking it is quite as great as the shooting of fowl ten times its size4 ,the ,assiduous ,angler4--,the constant-in-application man becomes the practical fisherman4 ,the ,compleat ,angler4--,walton's book is as fresh as a handful of wild violets and sweet lavender4 ,it breathes the odors of green fields and woods4--,henry van ,dyke4 ,the ,literary ,angler4--,izaak ,walton's famous work1 ,the ,compleat ,angler1 or the ,contemplative ,man's ,recreation1 a copy of the first edition1 small #hvo1 original sheep binding1 ,london1 #afec1 brought the highest price of the day 7,april #i1 #aiae7 at the sale of the library of the late ,general ,brayton ,ives at the ,american ,art ,galleries1 ,new ,york1 #bdge4 ,george ,d4 ,smith was the successful bidder4 ,the record price for this edition is #fjjj1 which was paid at the sale of the library of ,w4 ,c4 ,van ,antwerp of ,new ,york some years ago at ,sotheby's in ,london by the late ,bernard ,quaritch1 acting as agent for the late ,j4 ,pierpont ,morgan1 in whose collection the valuable volume now is4 ,a ,centenarian ,angler4--,mrs4 ,jane ,t4 ,rinkle of ,bristol1 ,tenn41 is over one hundred years of age4 ,still vigorous for one of her years1 ,mrs4 ,rinkle believes that her long life and her bright prospect for living some years longer is due to her fondness for angling4 ,i have hardly passed a fishing season in fifty years1 said the old lady at her last anniversary party1 that ,i have not gone to the river with hook and line4 ,the ,woman ,angler4--,the ,duchess of ,bedford has the distinction of a record catch of ,english salmon4 ,her creel for one day numbered thirteen1 the greatest string of salmon ever taken in a single day by a woman4 ,three other prominent ,english women ,anglers are ,lady ,sybil ,grey1 daughter of ,earl ,grey1 ,milicent4 ,duchess of ,sutherland1 and ,lady ,rosemary ,portal1 only child of the second ,earl of ,cairns4 ,each of these ladies are highly expert in fly-casting4 ,the ,waltonian ,angler4--,it matters not at all what trout waters the ,angler fishes if he has the true and kindly spirit of ,izaak ,walton1 the ,master ,angler of years ago2 for then every stream and lake has its own peculiar and delightful charms in which the ,angler revels while angling1 with either the wet or the dry fly1 to fathom their piscatorial secrets4 ,of all sport4 ,i know of none that seems to develop in the individual such a kindly spirit1 such a full appreciation of all living things1 and such an absorbing love for the many and varied charms of 'the open' as fly-fishing4--,charles ,zibeon ,southard4 ,the ,merciful ,angler4--,the names of three members of a recent jury in the ,county ,court of ,brooklyn4 ,n4 ,y41 were ,fish1 ,fisher1 and ,fishline--a trio of honest men1 no doubt4 ,with ,bates and ,waters added1 this jury would have little trouble in mercifully holding up the scales of justice4 ,the ,peaceful ,angler4--,don't think of your business or profession while fishing4 ,forget your desk1 your pen1 and also your debts and your enemies1 if you have any4--,the ,professor4 ,the ,mathematical ,angler4--,his rule in fishing was to fish in the difficult places which others were likely to skip4--,daniel ,webster4 ,the ,ever-,youthful ,angler4--,don't become old--go fishing once or twice a week4--,the ,professor4 ,the ,halcyonian ,angler4--,the whole arcana book of trout fishing consists in rather the mental construction of the ,angler than in the manner and method of the process4 ,the fish is a convenient peg1 so to say1 on which we hang the dolce far niente1 and render the day's sport in its pursuit halcyon and superlative4 ,the sport itself may be insufficient1 but there is always some recompense in the effort made and in the close communion with 'dear nature's self4' ,not always do large bags and great results crown the ,angler's desire4 ,too often it is far otherwise1 and yet the true ,angler never feels like giving up fishing because of poor sport4--,john ,harrington ,keene4 ,the ,luxuriant ,angler4--,james ,l4 ,breeze's string of salmon pools in ,restigouche cost this enthusiastic ,angler #ce1jjj4 ,the ,concentrated ,angler4--,a gentleman hesitates to bother anybody whose mind is concentrated on his fishing4 ,the expert knows by experience one question leads to another1 then on to begging1 borrowing1 or buying4 ,the expert knows that tyros are never provided with tackle1 bait1 or reasonable consideration for others4 ,they expect the whole boatload of ,anglers to wait on them because they catch no fish4--,louis ,rhead4 ,the ,home ,angler4--,the sporting element among fishermen haven't any fine sensibilities 444 the true fishermen fish for edible fish only for their own use and the use of their families4--,piscator4 ,the ,lost ,angler4--,remember that water always is supposed to run south1 save in a few instances where it runs direct north or west from the mountains1 as the ,red ,river in ,minnesota1 flowing north1 for instance4 ,this certainly would be a misleader4 ,but as a rule water runs south4 ,follow it4 ,along streams man makes his abode4--,robert ,page ,lincoln4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,angling 444 which1 as in no other game ,a man may fish and praise ,his name4 ,w4 ,,basse4 ,i chose of foure good dysportes and honeste gamys1 that is to wyte3 of huntynge3 hawkynge3 fysshynge3 and foulynge4 ,the best to my symple dyscrecon why then is fysshynge3 called ,anglynge with a rodde3 and a line and an hoke4--,,dame ,,juliana ,,berners1 ,the ,treatyse of ,fysshynge wyth an ,angle1 #adif4 ,if the bending rod and the ringing reel ,give proof that you've fastened the tempered steel4 ,be sure that the battle is but begun ,and not till he's landed is victory won4 ,,author ,,unknown4 ,fair and ,foul ,angling4--,anybody can catch a trout with a worm4 ,this is the bait of the boy and the boatman4 ,the ,angler gives the trout a fair battle with the artificial fly4 ,comparing live-bait fishing to artificial fly angling is like comparing blacksmithry to jewel working1 bronco breaking to genteel horsemanship1 or buccaneering to yachting4 ,refinement of ,angling4--,angling is fishing governed by rules of chivalry--correct tackle1 limit in the catch1 and humane treatment of the game4 ,landing the ,fish4--,the surest way to take the fish is give her leave to play and yield her line4--,quarles1 ,shepheard's ,eclogues1 #afdd4 ,subdue a big fish before you try to land him4 ,don't be in a hurry4 ,give him line1 but keep it taut 7not tight71 and don't become excited4 ,don't try to yank him out of his element or pull him through the line guides4 ,raise the rod tip over the back of your head1 and don't grab the line--guide the game into the landing net or up to the gaff4 ,take your time4 ,be glad if the fish escapes4 ,his life is as important as yours--to him1 at least4 ,besides1 you'd soon tire of fishing if you never lost a fish4 ,the play's the thing in angling1 anyway1 because1 as an ,angler1 you can buy fish cheaper than you can catch them1 if you play fair--if you're not of the gentry that judge the day by quantity instead of quality4 ,some of the greatest ,anglers are the poorest fish killers1 but to them one fish correctly captured on chivalric tackle means more than a tubful of butchered victims means to the unenlightened bungler4 ,contrast and conditions count for something in everything4 ,if there were no cloudy days we'd never correctly value the sunshine4 ,method in the pursuit1 appropriateness of the equipment1 and uncertainty in the catch1 wholly distasteful to the selfish neophyte1 are thoroughly appreciated by the ,angler4 ,ancient ,angling4--,one of the most ancient literary works on fishing1 perhaps the most ancient of all really known volumes on the subject1 is ,hauleutics of ,oppian1 the work of a ,greek poet1 ,a4,d4 #aih1 from which many articles on fishing and angling1 thought to be modern1 have been taken4 ,athenaeus tells us that several writers wrote treatises or poems on fishing centuries before the ,christian era4 ,old ,angling ,books4--#adhf--,the ,booke of ,st4 ,albans2 by ,dame ,juliana ,berners4 #aeij--;,booke of ,fishing with ,hook and ,line2 by ,leonard ,mascall4 #aeif--;,hawking4 ,hunting1 ,fowling and ,fishing2 by ,w4 ,c4 ,faukener4 #afjf--;,booke of ,angling or ,fishing2 by ,samuel ,gardner1 ,d4,d4 #afea--;,art of ,angling2 by ,thomas ,barker 7the second edition of this book1 published in #afeg1 was issued under the title of ,barker's ,delight74 #afeb--,young ,sportsman's ,delight and ,instructor in ,angling1 etc42 by ,gervase ,markham4 #afec--,the ,compleat ,angler1 or the ,contemplative ,man's ,recreation1 etc42 by ,izaak ,walton 7the second edition1 almost rewritten by the author1 appeared in #afee74 #affb--;,experienced ,angler1 or ,angling ,improved2 by ,robert ,venables4 #afgf--;,angler's ,delight1 etc42 by ,william ,gilbert4 #afha--;,angler's ,vade ,mecum2 by ,chetham4 #afhb--;,complete ,troller2 by ,nobles4 #afif--,the ,true ,art of ,angling2 by ,j4 ,s4 ,carrying the ,rod4--,joint your rod only when you reach the place of angling1 and take it apart again when you are ready to leave the water for camp1 unless the camp is on the edge of the lake or stream4 ,when angling along thickly wooded banks1 carry the rod in front of you1 tip first1 pointing the tip through the bushes you penetrate2 never pull it after you4 ,fasten the hook on one of the reel bars1 and then thrust the rod's tip through the branches or shrubbery ahead of you when you move along1 casting here and there4 ,this is not necessary when one only moves a step or two1 for then1 if there be open space1 the rod and line may be held clear of the underbrush and branches4 ,in all cases keep the rod ahead of you4 ,when disjointed1 the rod pieces may be held together by small rubber bands until the rod case is made use of1 but don't lay the rod away with the rubber bands intact1 as the rubber will bend the tip out of shape1 dislodge the wood coating1 disturb the whipping1 and tarnish the ferrules4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,f4 ,conyngham of ,bonner4 ,mont41 doesn't like my notion of carrying the rod tip first4 ,the ,doctor says he favors carrying it butt first with the tip trailing behind4 ,i have fished with a fly for trout and salmon nearly forty years in ,europe and this continent1 says the ,doctor1 and never yet saw an expert ,angler carry a rod in the way described by ,mr4 ,bradford4 ,that is just the proper caper to break tips4 ,the rod in going through brush should be carried butt forward2 then the tip will trail as easily as the tail on a dog1 and furthermore1 you can walk at good speed without interference4 ,in my many years of fly fishing ,i have had one broken tip2 a woman knocked it down and stepped on it4 ,luckily it was lancewood1 so ,i could repair it4 ,what would have been my predicament had the rod been of split bamboo8 ,very good1 ,doctor4 ,i may be wrong but1 ,i learned my way from my fathers of the angle--,seth ,green4 ,john ,harrington ,keene1 ,frederick ,mather1 ,william ,c4 ,harris1 et al4--when ,i was being taught first lessons in fly-fishing4 ,seth ,green1 ,john ,keene1 and ,harris personally advised me to carry the fly rod tip in front of me1 and each of the trio personally showed me the method on the trout streams4 ,harris and ,keene always carried their fly rods tip first1 and ,i have seen both these experts along the streams many times during many years of personal fishing with both of these ,anglers4 ,however1 ,dr4 ,conyngham must not be denied his view on the subject4 ,just as there are famous wing shots who shoot with one eye closed and other experts who give trigger with both eyes open1 so in angling1 there are many practiced hands who disagree on the various ways and means in fishing4 ,i favor keeping my tip in front of me1 and while ,i shall never change this method1 ,i refrain from condemning ,dr4 ,conyngham's contrastive way of carrying his tip4 ,charles ,zibeon ,southard agrees with both the ,doctor and me4 ,he advises carrying the tip ahead in the open and behind in the brush4 ,the ,angling ,world4--,angling takes us from the confusion1 the filth1 and the social and moral degradation of the big cities and places us in close contact with one of the most important divisions of human labor--the cultivation of the soil1 which is the real foundation of all national wealth and true social happiness4 ,everything connected with the land is calculated to foster the best and noblest feelings of the soul and to give the mind the most lofty and sublime ideas of universal nature4 ,to men of contemplative habits the roaming along brooks1 rivers1 lakes1 and fields gives rise to the most refined intellectual enjoyment4 ,such persons move in a world of their own and experience joys and sorrows with which the world cannot meddle4--,a4 ,l4 ,h4 ,colorado ,trout ,streams4--,colorado has six thousand miles of trout streams4 ,angling ,saves ,words4--,contemplation and quietness6 ,will these words soon be labeled in our dictionaries 'obsolete'8 ,it would seem so2 yet there will be some use for them1 among old-fashioned folk1 as long as the word 'angling' holds its place4--,willis ,boyd ,allen4 ,large-,trout ,angling4--,frank ,brigg1 of ,london4 ,england1 fishing in ,new ,river1 caught an eighteen-pound trout1 the heaviest specimen of trout ever taken in a ,london water4 ,speculation in ,angling4--,i often wonder if the basis of fishing is not founded upon the element of chance1 and whether fishing does not fascinate because it is a species of gambling4 ,to a degree it is a hazard4 ,you take your best tackle1 select your choicest bait1 and you do more1 for you pray to the goddess of success4--,ancient ,mariner4 ,economy in ,angling4--,don't take more fish than you can use2 if you do1 you take that which belongs to someone else4--,tops'l4 ,an ,angling ,classic4--,angling is the only sport that boasts the honor of having given a classic ,izaak ,walton's ,the ,compleat ,angler1 #afec to literature4--,henry van ,dyke4 ,how to ,approach a ,trout4-- 444 sense of hearing in all species of fish is a matter of concussion on the surface of the water4 ,sit motionless in a boat1 and you may sing1 ,i ,won't ,go ,home ',til ,morning1 or any other gala song1 to the extreme high limit of your voices1 and the trout or any other fish will remain undisturbed1 but1 scratch your toe upon the bottom of the boat1 and presto6 the pool is as dead and barren as a burned prairie4 ,approach a pool from over the bank with a careless tread1 and when you reach it the trout are gone1 none know where4 ,crawl to the pool noiselessly on all fours and you will find your trout reposing without fear of danger4 ,the avoidance of concussion is the great factor on a trout pool or stream in getting a satisfactory creel4 ,slide1 rather than step1 in wading1 and your success will be greater4--,wm4 ,c4 ,harris4 ,strike from the ,reel or ,hand8--,the strike must be made with sufficient force and no more4 ,if insufficient1 the hook will not penetrate far enough to hold the fish in its subsequent struggles1 and if the force is excessive the gut will break at its weakest point1 and leave the fly and possibly one or more strands of gut in the trout's jaws4 ,the ,angler should acquire the habit of striking from the reel1 i4e41 without holding the line in the hand4 ,many old fishermen prefer holding the line when striking1 but it is at best a risky proceeding1 and too likely to result in a breakage of the gut4--,f4 ,m4 ,halford1 ,the ,dry-,fly ,man's ,handbook4 ,personally ,i never 'strike from the reel' 444 because less control is had over the line1 likewise the fish4--,charles ,zibeon ,southard1 ,trout ,fly-,fishing in ,america4 ,i favor ,mr4 ,halford's method--strike from the reel--in fly-fishing and in weakfish fishing with light tackle4 ,in heavy bait fishing1 ,mr4 ,southard's strike with the hand-held line suits me4 ,the ,silver ,hook4--,there is a good deal of fun in thinking you are going to have it4--,new ,york ,press4 ,true2 ,walton says the ,angler's anticipation of fishing is as great a joy as the realization of it4 ,angling ,ailment4--,we never get over the fishing fever2 it is a delightful disease1 and1 thank the ,lord1 there is no cure4--,ira ,w4 ,moore4 ,angling and ,nature4--,association with men of the world narrows the heart2 communion with nature expands it4--,jean ,paul ,richter4 ,angling and ,mathematics4--,angling may be said to be so much like the ,mathematics1 that it can ne'er be fully learnt2 at least not so fully1 but that there will still be more new experiments left for the tryal of other men that succeed us4--,izaak ,walton1 ,the ,compleat ,angler1 #afec4 ,tendency of ,angling4--,i am now over #gf years in age and owe my life to fishing1 and ,i find the tendency of fishing is to make one careful1 artful1 patient1 and practical4--,watcher4 ,angling a ,science4--,angling is a science1 not merely a pastime4 ,it will broaden you and start your boy in a manly sport that will draw him to the country instead of to the dance hall1 to the fields and streams instead of to the pool room4--,greenhorn4 ,fly vs4 ,worm4--,that fly-fishing is clean1 and free from the muscular efforts of mountain-climbing2 that it is usually rewarded with larger fish than those taken with a worm2 that it has a freedom1 a jollity1 a certain broad1 wide-spaced exhilaration1 ,i willingly admit4 ,but1 the humbler1 old-fashioned method has a charm of its own which ,i am not ready to forego4--,willis ,boyd ,allen4 ,ye ,gods and ,little ,fishes4--,when we have become familiar with the great cities with their bewildering sights and distracting sounds1 the finest things remain to be discovered1 and these discoveries must be made as we stand open-eyed in the presence of ,god's workmanship4 ,hills and streams1 woods and flowers1 bees and birds and butterflies1 the flora and fauna of this earth where we have our home for a little time1 should1 somehow1 be brought into the life of the child4 ,the boy who grows up into manhood without being privileged to know the world of nature by personal contact has been robbed4 ,he may be intelligent in many things and a useful member of society1 but he has missed out of life some of its deepest satisfactions and purest joys4 ,indeed1 such an one is not symmetrically educated1 and is quite likely to be put to shame as the years pass by4--,lathan ,a4 ,crandall1 ,days in the ,open4 ,angling ,is its ,own ,reward4--,no other sportsman brings home more from his sport than he takes to it than the fisherman4 ,his basket is heavy with present food in the morning1 and loaded with future food in the afternoon1 with an appetite and a sleepetite that requires three days to satisfy4--,hy4 ,julius4 ,ideal ,angling ,time4--,the last two weeks in ,june--what lovelier period for brook trout fishing in the rich flower-lined mountain streams8 ,when does the wild shrub smell sweeter than now1 the wind blow more balmily1 the songbirds trill sweeter1 and the spotted trout bite better8 ,landing the ,trout4--,the proper time to spend in landing a fish all depends upon the condition of your fishing ground4 ,lead your prize away from obstructions1 keep the line taut1 and do not nervously hurry the play4 ,take your time4 ,fishes' ,feeding-,time4--,fishes are said to bite better between the new moon and the first quarter2 or between the last quarter and the change4 ,calmness in ,angling4--,don't hurry a large fish4 ,subdue him as far from you as possible4 ,shadowless ,angling4--,never let your shadow fall upon the angling water4 ,keep the sun in front of you4 ,striking and ,hooking4--,nothing is more difficult to learn about fly-fishing than the art of striking or hooking the game4 ,the ,fishless ,fisherman4--,you took a day off from your work and went fishing8 ,have any luck8 ,certainly4 ,a day off is luck enough4--,new ,york ,american4 ,angling ,spirit4--,it is the way we do things and the spirit in which we prosecute our endeavors that counts4 ,the man who takes the day to go fishing on the great ocean or in the forest and can commune with ,nature can be as good a ,christian as the best man that ever entered the portals of a church1 cathedral1 or synagogue4--,nature ,factor4 ,all ,sports in ,angling4--,the sport that sums up dancing1 song and picture1 athletics and all games of chance is angling4 ,the waves make you dance1 all pictures roll before you1 any chance can win the pool1 and every fishing boat is a saengerfest4--,b4 ,m4 ,briggs4 ,early ,trout ,angling4--,don't let anyone tell you of the folly of trout fishing in early ,april4 ,it's great sport1 and if you're skillful enough to get a few of the gamest and wisest fish that swims at this time of the year your success will be complete in ,may and ,june1 when the ideal weather comes4--,h4 ,t4 ,walden4 ,skill vs4 ,kill4--,to qualify as a sportsman in the taking of any kind of game1 a man must show much more enthusiasm in skill rather than in the kill1 always remembering to give or inflict the least pain possible on the game taken by his skill4--,wes' ,wood4 ,rainbow ,trout ,angling4--,i get harder play with a three-pound rainbow trout than with a maskinonge of twenty-five pounds4 ,i have caught only a few rainbow trout4 ,the first one ,i ever caught was three years ago in the ,esopus ,creek in the ,catskills4 ,i felt somewhat relieved when ,i had him in the net4 ,he was the gamest fish for his size ,i ever hooked1 and ,i have killed ten and twelve pound salmon on a trout rod4 ,the rainbow trout is first cousin to the lordly salmon4--,m4 ,j4 ,doyle4 ,secret of ,angling4--,fishing is more than catching4 ,its pleasures are the whole outdoors4 ,appreciation is the secret of the lure4--,theodore ,macklin4 ,limit in ,angling4--,it is very foolish for ,anglers1 when they get more fishes than they want1 to even give them away2 far better it would be for them to stop fishing when they have caught enough for themselves1 and give the fish a chance4--,george ,hartley4 ,age of ,angling4--,the allurement of fishing is as old as the granite mountains of the ,andes4 ,down through the ages of the past1 even from the day of the anthropophagi1 comes to us the fact that all the world rejoices in the gentle art of fishing4 ,fishing--the one word that opens up to our understanding the philosophy of nature--is the fundamental basis of our civilization4--,david ,jones4 ,gentility in ,angling4--,sportsmanship abhors greed and all vulgarity4--,h4 ,w4 ,wack4 ,angling ,clears the ,brain4--,when we are confused and harried by the turmoil of modern life1 our heads and our hearts aching with its complex problems1 its exigent demands1 its rebuffs1 and its bitter disappointments1 let us turn once more to the forest and meadow1 the peaceful stream1 with the fleecy clouds or overhanging boughs kindly tempering the rays of the summer sun2 let us drop our pens1 abandon for the nonce our manuscript1 our ledgers1 or the stock reports of the day1 and 'go a-fishing4'--,willis ,boyd ,allen4 ,up and ,down ,stream4--,i fish up stream 7and ,i think this best7 and down stream and across stream--according to wind and time and weather1 etc41 and the sun4 ,i have found ,i can get the larger fish in upstream fishing2 but there are pools one can't get the flies to--the likely places--from below1 nor yet from either side4 ,when ,i come to such a pool ,i get above and cover it well by casting across stream from me--the sun being opposite--and let my flies float down1 drawing them the while across current with a twitching motion1 as an insect struggling to swim across4 ,it is a deadly method if well done and gets the big ones too4 ,i hold the line of course in my left hand1 and as ,i gently raise the rod with my right1 ,i take in line with my left1 thus at all times having full control and ready for a strike4--,ernest ,l4 ,eubank4 ,fly-,fishing ,first4--,fly-fishing comes first1 then comes bait casting with the fly rod2 third1 still fishing2 fourth1 casting of live bait with the short rod from the reel1 and last1 if not entirely without the pale of true sportsmanship1 the use of the plug4--,rayx4 ,fly ,rod and ,bait ,rod4--,it takes some skill to keep sixty feet of line in the air when fly casting1 and requires free space for the back cast4 ,it is fascinating work and requires more delicacy in handling a fly rod than a bait rod4 ,the fly rod1 especially in ,southern ,missouri waters1 lands more fish during the day than the bait rod1 but the latter lands larger fish4 ,the bait caster makes fewer casts on account of reeling in the line after each cast1 but the water is more effectively covered4 ,one has to be a judge of the water and determine which method should be used4 ,in the northern lakes bait casting is far superior in results to fly casting4--,m4 ,j4 ,brennan4 ,land and ,water4--,you're natural when fishing1 and unnatural on shore4 ,fishing rubs the barnacles off your natural self1 and makes your bodyship sail more easily4--,b4 ,m4 ,briggs4 ,first ,record of ,angling4--,the first authentic record of angling appears in the ,old ,testament of the ,bible1 computed to be about #aejj years before ,christ1 where the ,lord asked ,job3 ',canst thou take out a fish with the hook8'--,john ,ryan4 ,roman ,angling4--,the walls of ,pompeii are adorned with angling scenes4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,trout ,,flies ,to make several flies ,for the several skies4 ,that shall kill in despite of all weathers4 ,,charles ,,cotton4 ,weight of ,flies4--,flies do not soon get tired2 444 they are light2 the wind carries them4 ,an ounce of flies was once weighed1 and afterwards counted2 and it was found to comprise no less than six thousand two hundred and sixty-eight4--,victor ,hugo1 ,the ,toilers of the ,sea4 ,the ,dry-,fly4--,upon the curling surface let it glide1 with natural motion from thy hand supplied4--,unknown ,author4 ,the italics in the word surface are ours4 ,the dry artificial fly must swim on the surface1 must fly upstream1 must have no companion fly1 must keep dry by sailing in the air between actual casts1 and must attract the fish by minutely mimicking the living fly both in the air and on 7not in7 the water4 ,vegetable ,flies4--,bearded seed of the wild oat and a silvery willow leaf have been used successfully as artificial flies for brook trout and black bass4 ,to ,carry ,flies4--,do not use your large fly-book when wading4 ,put a half dozen seasonable patterns in your hatband1 and a dozen more in a little book that will not bulge your pocket4 ,variety in ,flies4--,you can never carry too many trout flies on your trip4 ,fill your fly-book and stick them all over the crown of your hat4 ,trout do not like the same fly at all times any more than you are fond of feeding on one sort of meat4 ,clumsy ,flies4--,most trout flies are too large1 and they frighten more trout than they attract4 ,a ,new ,fly4-- 444 an altogether original fly1 unheard of1 startling1 will often do great execution in an overfished pool4--,henry van ,dyke4 ,the ,floating ,fly4--,the floating fly seemed to have the effect of arousing the trout to action at once4 ,during the week ,i estimate that there was an average of ten rises to the dry-fly to every one to the same fly wet4--,emlyn ,m4 ,gill4 ,fishing the ,dry-,fly4--,the dry-fly is clearly out of place on the wet-fly water as the wet-fly is on the dry-fly stream4 ,after all1 it is only in the style of deceiving and hooking fish that dry-fly and wet-fly ,anglers 444 assuming both to be good sportsmen 444 can much differ4 ,in nearly all other fly-fishing matters they must naturally be at one4 ,it has already been said that the dry-fly is quite out of place in many trout streams4 ,the dry-fly streams1 though they have increased of late years1 are still and ever must be in a decided minority4 ,the dry-fly ,angler is not1 as a rule1 a very early riser4 ,he can do nothing without natural flies1 and in my experience there are very few duns or other water-flies out till nine or even ten o'clock in the morning4--,a4 ,b4 ,dewar1 ,the ,book of the ,dry-,fly4 ,american ,dry-,flies4--,whirling ,dun1 ,wickham's ,fancy1 ,pale ,evening ,dun1 ,jenny ,spinner1 7,hackle ,fly71 ,willow ,fly 7,hackle ,fly71 ,orange ,fish ,hawk 7,hackle ,fly71 ,olive ,dun1 ,soldier ,palmer 7,hackle ,fly74 ,silver ,sedge1 ,red ,spinner1 ,white ,miller1 ,coachman4 ,black ,gnat4--,emlyn ,m4 ,gill1 ,practical ,dry-,fly ,fishing4 ,brazilian ,flies4--,brazilian flies1 costing seven dollars a ton1 are used to feed fishes in ,england4 ,fresh ,flies4--,when trout are taking the fly on the surface1 and are not simply feeding on the larvae as they swim upward1 a brand new fly is more likely to catch a fish than one which has been a great deal used4 ,i always use ,may-flies dressed on eyed hooks1 have a goodly supply1 and when one gets so wet as to necessitate a considerable amount of labor in the drying of it1 off it comes1 and is stuck in my cap to dry at its leisure4 ,of course it is rather wasting to the cast--this frequent changing flies--and no little trouble to those whose fingers are all thumbs1 and whose eyesight is becoming dim1 but it is far less trouble to change the fly than to dry it when thoroughly soaked4--,london ,fishing ,gazette4 ,rocky ,mountain ,trout ,flies4--,first1 ,royal ,coachman2 second1 ,gray ,hackle with yellow body4 ,then3 ,black ,gnat1 ,ginger ,quill1 ,cowdung1 ,blue ,quill4 ,grizzly ,king1 ,shad ,fly1 and ,stone ,fly4 ,hooks1 ,no4 #f to #ad4 ,early ,season ,flies4--,dark ,stone1 ,codun1 ,alder4 ,bowman1 ,black ,may1 ,beauty1 ,ben ,bent1 ,blue ,bottle4 ,hare's ,ear4 ,all-,season ,flies4--,alder1 ,gray ,palmer1 ,green ,palmer1 ,ginger ,palmer1 ,march ,brown1 ,reuben ,wood4 ,professor1 ,white ,miller1 ,coachman1 ,royal ,coachman4 ,dark ,coachman1 ,codun1 ,scarlet ,ibis1 ,brown ,palmer4 ,red ,palmer1 ,grizzly ,king1 ,queen of the ,water1 ,king of the ,water1 ,brown ,hen1 ,black ,gnat4 ,early in the season use hooks ,no4 #f to #h2 later1 ,no4 #h to #ab4 ,use the small patterns on streams1 and the large patterns on lakes and rough waters2 and1 as ,i have repeatedly suggested1 when the day is bright and where the water is clear1 use the small flies of plain colors2 on dark days and in the evening1 use the large bright flies4 ,dyed-,feather ,flies4--,some ,anglers say no dyed feathers should be used in tying flies1 that they fade to a damaging extent4 ,we have always found dyed feathers practicable4--,london ,rod and ,gun4 ,the ,brown ,hackle4--,fasten red 7crimson red7 wool round a hook1 and fit into the wool two feathers which grow under a cock's wattles4--,a,elian1 third century1 ,a4,d4 ,out of the thousands of trout that ,i have caught1 it is safe to say that over #gj per cent4 were taken with the ,brown ,hackle4--,c4 ,t4 ,ramsey4 ,two hundred ,anglers1 representing all parts of the ,united ,states1 contributed fly-fishing chapters to ,favorite ,flies4 ,mary ,orvis ,marbury's wonderful volume on artificial flies and fly-fishing1 and #acj of them declared the ,brown ,hackle their favorite pattern4 ,i had supposed that the ,red ,hackle was an imitation of the small red caterpillar1 but the veteran ,nessmuk affirms that it resembles nothing below or above4 ,it is his favorite bug1 and that settles the question4--,h4 ,c4 ,wilcox1 ,favorite ,flies4 ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,casting ,,the ,,fly ,ah1 tired man6 ,go find a spot ,somewhere in solitude2 ,take hammock1 books and tackle ,and wearing apparel crude4 ,and live1 if but the shortest time4 ,a wild life in the wood ,a-fishing1 reading1 dreaming4 ,and you'll declare it good4 ,j4 ,,milton ,,harkins4 ,up and ,down ,stream4--,english ,anglers wade upstream1 and some ,anglers in ,america do the same4 ,there is good reason in this manner of wading on the part of the old country's ,anglers1 because where they practice it the water is quiet and not altogether shallow4 ,in ,america1 where our trout waters are rapid and foaming as they rush along1 it is not practical as a general rule to wade upstream4 ,the walking is difficult1 you become wet1 the trout see you notwithstanding they lie face up stream1 your flies drift toward you1 it is hard to keep the line from being slack all the time1 the flies sink too often1 and altogether you spoil the chances of creeling whatever is takable in the stream4 ,on still1 barely-flowing1 deep waters a line may be cast up or down stream4 ,down ,stream4--,there is much diversity of opinion about the manner of fishing1 whether up or down the stream4 ,the great majority of ,anglers1 both in ,europe and this country1 favor the latter method1 and very few the former4--,john ,j4 ,brown4 ,motion of the ,fly4--,in clear1 smooth water let the fly sink a little2 then move it along with a quick motion4 ,manner in ,fly-,fishing4--,the manner in which the flies are fished distinguishes the fly-fisherman from the mere fly-caster1 whether or no the fly-caster1 as such1 be expert or otherwise4--,samuel ,g4 ,camp1 ,the ,fine ,art of ,fishing4 ,fly-,casting ,practice4--,when the learner becomes accustomed to handling his rod1 he must try to perfect himself in two matters of great importance--accuracy and delicacy4 ,place a small piece of paper fifteen or twenty feet away1 and aim at making the knot in the end of the line fall easily and quietly upon it4 ,your efforts will be aided if you will raise the point of the rod a trifle just as the forward impulse of the line is spent1 and the line itself is straightened in the air for an instant in front4 ,this is a novel kind of target shooting1 but its usefulness will be realized when the ,angler finds it necessary to drop his flies lightly just over the head of some wary trout4--,ripley ,hitchcock4 ,the ,magic ,fly4--,reader1 did you ever throw the fly to tempt the silvery denizen of the lake or river to his destruction8 ,have you watched him1 as it skimmed like a living insect along the surface1 dart from his hiding-place and rush upon the tempting but deceitful morsel8 ,have you noticed his astonishment when he found the hook was in his jaw8 ,have you watched him as he bent your slender rod 'like a reed shaken by the wind1' in his efforts to free himself1 and then have you reeled him to your hand and deposited him in your basket as the spoil of your right arm8 ,if you have not1 leave the dull1 monotonous1 everyday things around you and try it4--,s4 ,s4 ,hammond4 ,lifelike ,fly4--,don't simply drag the fly through the water4 ,move your wrist gently up and down2 then the lure will look and act like a living insect1 not a bunch of hair or feather4 ,nature-like ,fly4--,in fly-fishing the lure must always be in motion4 ,excepting1 say ,i1 the instant when it first drops upon the pool4 ,i have caught many of my largest trout--sometimes two at a single cast--the moment the fly touched the water4 ,dry-,fly ,success4--,there are no insurmountable obstacles in the way of becoming a successful dry-fly ,angler that do not confront the user of the sunken fly4--,emlyn ,m4 ,gill1 ,practical ,dry-,fly ,fishing4 ,correct ,fly-,fishing ,line4--,nothing in reference to fly-fishing can be answered with such ease and confidence as the question what line should be used4 ,unquestionably the enameled waterproofed line1 and no other4--,henry ,p4 ,wells4 ,sunken ,fly4--,every bass fly-fisherman knows that to let his flies sink for a depth of six or eight inches is alluring4 ,under certain conditions1 when after trout1 to let the flies descend for a depth of two feet before retrieving1 is to tempt some sleepy old monster to attack4 --,o4 ,w4 ,smith4 ,the ,strike4--,the moment the trout seizes the artificial fly1 it is as far in his mouth as it ever will be2 therefore1 you cannot strike too quickly after you have seen or felt the trout4--,d4 ,w4 ,cross4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii ,,tackle ,,talks ,slight lines of hair surprise the finny prey4 ,,pope4 ,see that all things be right ,for 'tis a very spite ,to want tools1 when a man goes afishing4 ,,charles ,,cotton4 ,to ,extract ,hooks4--,cut the snell free and push the hook on through1 depressing the upper end so as to bring the point out as near as possible to where it went in4 ,don't try to pull the hook back4 ,knots in ,rodwood4--,don't switch a light rod sideways4 ,the maker may have purposely put a knot to one side1 and this would cause the rod to snap4 ,function of the ,rod4--,the essential and most important office of a rod is that which is exhibited after the fish is hooked 444 in other words1 in the playing and landing of the fish4 ,in practical angling the act of casting1 either with fly or bait1 is preliminary and subordinate to the real uses of the rod4 ,the poorest fly-rod made will cast a fly thirty or forty feet1 which is about as far as called for in ordinary angling4 ,but it is the continuous spring and yielding resistance of the bent rod1 constantly maintained1 that not only tires out the fish1 but protects the weak snell or leader from breakage1 and prevents a weak hold of the hook from giving way2 and this is the proper function of the rod4--,james ,a4 ,henshall1 ,favorite ,fish and ,fishing4 ,silkworm ,gut4--,the features to be sought are good color1 a hard1 wiry texture1 roundness1 even diameter from end to end1 and length4 ,from these are to be inferred the strength and wearing quality of the gut1 which are what we wish to estimate4 ,from the color we infer whether the gut is fresh or stale1 its probable strength in relation to its thickness1 and1 in part1 its wearing quality4 ,in all these respects fresh gut is superior to old gut of original equal quality4 ,the color can best be judged from the fuzzy end of the hank1 and should be clear and glassy1 and by no means dull or yellowish4 ,the wearing quality of the gut may be judged partly by its color1 partly by its springiness when bent and released1 and also by its hardness4 ,it should feel like wire4--,henry ,p4 ,wells1 ,fly-,rods and ,fly-,tackle4 ,ronalds' ,rod4--,the best materials are ash for the stock1 lancewood for the middle1 and bamboo for the tip4--,alfred ,ronalds 7#ahcf74 ,south's ,rod4--,theophilus ,south1 in his ,fly ,fisher's ,text ,book 7,london1 #ahde71 prefers ash to willow for butts1 hickory for middle joints1 and favors tips made from lancewood1 cane1 and whalebone1 spliced together--four and even five pieces in a tip4 ,lightest ,rod4--,benjamin ,s4 ,whitehead fly-fishes with a gold-and-ivory-mounted split bamboo rod weighing one and eleven sixteenths ounces4 ,tapered ,line4--,the line for dry-fly fishing should be either single-tapered or double-tapered2 the fine end of the taper will make more of an inconspicuous connection with the leader and with a tapered line casting ability is doubled4--,robert ,page ,lincoln4 ,knife and ,shears4--,a small pair of scissors attached to a string and fastened to the ,angler's coat are useful companions along the stream4 ,they are more easily operated than a knife2 they save time1 and while you may do with them nearly all that can be done with a knife1 they will render a service that cannot be obtained from the single blade4 ,a knife should always be carried1 nevertheless1 and the proper one for the trout ,angler is that newly invented thing which requires no finger-nail work and which is made ready for service by a mere pressure of the thumb on the top of the handle4 ,trouting ,outfit4--,here's a plain1 practical1 reasonable-price outfit with no unnecessary items3 ,a four-ounce lancewood fly-rod1 a common rubber click reel to hold twenty-five yards of fine waterproof silk line1 a seventy-five cent cane landing-net1 small and with no metal on it1 a seventy-five cent creel1 a dozen of the best made and highest-priced assorted trout-flies1 a pair of waders1 and a dollar's worth of the finest and best made silk gut leaders4 ,rod ,dressing4--,to whip rings or guides on the rod use silk twist1 drawing the final end through a few coils of the whipping by means of a loose loop4 ,to revarnish1 wipe off all grease stains1 and dress lightly down with the best copal4 ,to reblacken brasses1 mix a little lampblack with spirit varnish4 ,dress once or twice and let the dressing thoroughly dry before using the copal4 ,buy your ,tackle4--,the old ,anglers tied their flies themselves1 and1 in fact1 made all their rods and tackle1 save1 perhaps1 lines4 ,to-day few ,anglers think of tying flies or preparing any tackle1 owing to the expertness and moderate terms on the part of dealers4 ,it is much cheaper to buy tackle outright1 as it is to buy gun shells ready loaded4 ,to ,remove a ,ferrule4--,hold it over the flame of a spirit lamp or any flame until the cement is softened4 ,if it has been pinned on1 take a large needle1 break it off squarely1 put it on the pin1 and strike just hard enough to set the pin below the ferrule1 then warm and remove4 ,the ,joints4--,if your rod joints go together harshly or do not come apart with ease1 oil them lightly4 ,see that no sand or any dirt gets in the ferrules4 ,to take the joints apart easily when they are tightly set1 gently warm the metal4 ,rubber ,bands4--,little rubber bands are practical items of a sportsman's outfit4 ,one real service they render is in holding the fly-rod joints together when you travel through the woods after your day's fishing4 ,the ,rod as a ,measure4--,the size of a fish can be found out very easily1 simply by having the butt of the fishing rod marked off in inches up to two feet4--,john ,koltzan4 ,position of the ,reel4--,the reel of a bait-rod should be on the top side of the rod1 in front of the handle2 that of a fly-rod1 on the under side below the handle4 ,cork ,handle4--,to avoid blisters on the hand1 have the handle of your rod covered with cork instead of cane1 twine1 or rubber4 ,it will prevent the hand from slipping1 is pleasant to the touch1 and very light in weight4 ,smooth ,ferrules4--,before jointing your rod1 oil the male ferrules with vaseline1 or by rubbing them on the back of your neck4 ,this will prevent the joints from becoming tight after the day's sport4 ,be ,particular4--,the finer the tackle the fairer the sport4 ,care of the ,rod4--,see that your rod-case is thoroughly dry before you put your rod in it1 and always tie the case-strings loosely or you will have bent tips and joints4 ,tackle ,tells4--,the quality of gameness in a fish is best determined by the character of the tackle used4 ,a brook trout on a striped bass rod1 or a black bass on a tarpon rod1 could not1 in either case1 exhibit its characteristic gameness1 or afford any sport to the ,angler4 ,excellent sport with small fishes1 however1 is now rendered possible owing to the advent of the very light trout rod4 ,it should not be considered beneath the dignity of an ,angler to cast the fly for a rock bass1 a blue-gill1 or a croppie1 with a three-ounce rod4 ,certainly it is just as sportsmanlike as to fish for six-inch brook trout in a meadow brook or a mountain rill4--,james ,a4 ,henshall4 ,rust ,preventive4--,use animal oil free of salt on any metal--steel1 iron1 brass1 ,german silver1 etc4 ,vaseline may be used on brass and ,german silver2 mercurial ointment on steel and iron4 ,don't use ordinary vegetable oil4 ,telescopic ,reel4--,an ,english reel1 the telescope winch1 can be expanded to carry a double quantity of line or less at will4 ,by its means a trout reel becomes a salmon reel or bass reel or vice versa as you please4 ,fine ,tackle4--,his tackle for bricht1 airless days is o' gossamere2 and at a wee distance aff you think he's fishin' without ony line ava4--,the ,ettrick ,shepherd4 ,dressing for ,silk ,wrappings4--,cobbler's wax dissolved in spirits of wine4 ,paint it on with a feather4 ,line ,dressing4--,deer's fat solidifies at a higher temperature than most fats and will cling well4 ,black ,leader and ,snell4--,for trout1 use a black leader and have your hooks snelled with black gut4--,country ,pumpkin4 ,thin ,line4--,the thinner the line ,i use the more fish ,i catch4--,a4 ,hamilton1 ,jr4 ,cocoon ,lines4--,the ,japanese now make almost invisible fishing lines from cocoons4 ,the silk threads are boiled in oil and glue and calendered under heavy pressure4 ,the fish cannot see these lines1 and they are effective against the gamest species4 ,enameled ,line4--,in casting from the reel ,i use a soft silk line1 but ,i prefer to strip cast4 ,in strip casting it is absolutely necessary to use a good enameled line4 ,the reason ,i prefer strip casting is that a long1 slender rod can be used4 ,no other line than an enameled one can be stripped into the bottom of the boat and permitted to run out rapidly without snarling4--,greenhorn4 ,making a ,camp ,rod4--,surgeon's plaster1 in tin spools1 or electrician's adhesive tape1 are serviceable in many ways in camp4 ,you can even build a makeshift casting rod if you've forgotten or lost the real article4 ,fasten the reel to a stiff section of any fishing rod or a straight light-weight tree switch with the tape4 ,screw eyes or small staples will answer for the running guides1 but finer guides and a cleaner-looking tip guide may be made with fine wire and the tape4 ,tackle and ,time4--,correct fishing tackle is as necessary in the hands of the tyro as with the practical ,angler1 but the beginner mustn't expect tackle1 however appropriate1 to be all that is required to make toward perfection in angling2 experience and practice are equally important4 ,as an apprentice in carpentry who may have all the tools of his master still needs experience and actual practice1 so the young ,angler fully equipped with good tackle must serve an apprenticeship on the waters4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv ,,the ,,angler',s ,,kitchen ,the reputation that trout enjoy as a food-fish is partly due to the fact that they are usually cooked over an open fire4444 ,the real reason why food cooked over an open fire tastes so good to us is because we are really hungry when we get it4--,,henry ,,van ,,dyke4 ,moses1 the friend of ,god--,lev4 xi41 #i1 ,deut4 xiv41 #i1--;appointed fish to be the chief diet for the best commonwealth that ever yet was4 ,the mightiest feasts have been of fish4--,,walton4 444 and fish the last ,food was that ,he on earth did taste4 ,w4 ,,basse4 ,if you eat your kind1 we will eat you4--,,benj4 ,,franklin4 ,catching vs4 ,cooking4--,i care little whether ,i catch a fish on a ,no4 #f or a ,no4 #e hook1 or whether ,i use a #c reel or a #b4ii one4 ,whether ,i use bay leaves1 or cloves1 or mushrooms1 or tomato sauce1 or tartar sauce in preparing my fish is more important4 ,game is improved by hanging for a while1 but fish should be eaten as soon as possible after being caught4--,piscator4 ,fish as ,food4--,the great variety of flavors in fish food makes an ichthyological diet more palatable than quadruped meat1 and therefore more healthful because only that which is eaten with a relish is digestible and nourishing4 ,forest ,fish ,sauce4--,use a wild rose berry to make a sauce for fish food in camp4 ,carp4--,the carp1 celebrated in ancient song and story as the meat of kings1 is as savory as the trout or any other fish species if cooked and served correctly4 ,preserving ,fish4--,don't pack fish in wet grass or anything damp4 ,use dry straw4 ,frozen ,fish4--,don't freeze fish unless you keep it frozen until quite ready for the fire1 as it spoils soon after thawing4 ,scaling ,fish4--,use an ordinary horse currycomb4 ,,chapter ,,xxv ,,care ,,and ,,breeding ,,of ,,trout ,the water1 more productive than the earth1 ,nature's store-house1 in which she locks up her wonders1 is the eldest daughter of the creation1 the element upon which the spirit of ,god did first move4--,,izaak ,,walton4 ,transporting ,trout4--,to bring your fish home1 first clean them carefully1 taking pains to remove that little dark blood streak along the backbone4 ,then1 after wiping them dry1 pack them in ferns1 separately1 and free from ice4 ,never send your fish home by express2 take them with you4 ,a box cannot be checked on the train4 ,use an old packing trunk4 ,in this you can also transport your heavy outfit--wading boots1 oilskins1 landing-net1 etc4 ,trout in ,captivity4--,trout in artificial ponds should be fed three or four times a week in the winter time during the very warmest part of the day4 ,there is no natural food in artificial ponds1 and feeding is necessary in order to keep the big fish from eating their small companions4 ,in natural trout ponds fed by springs so much care need not be exercised in winter4 ,air holes need not be cut in any ice that may form1 as the springs afford a proper temperature1 and but little food1 if any1 need be given the fish4 ,killing the ,trout4--,kill your trout the instant they are landed2 don't let them suffer slow death4 ,the game deserves humane treatment1 and the meat tastes better by quick killing4 ,trout ,destroyers4--,eels are ruinous to trout4 ,they eat trout spawn1 and they should be removed from all trout waters4 ,live ,frozen ,trout4--,trout packed in ice for several days and carried forty miles by stagecoach and two hundred and fifty miles by railway 7,feb41 #aiad7 from the ,state of ,washington to ,montana1 says the ,lewiston ,democrat of ,butte1 ,montana1 came to life and swam spryly when placed in a tank of water at the end of their journey--,hennessy's meat store at ,butte4 ,water ,plants4--,aquatic plants1 besides affording protection and shade to the fishes1 supply oxygen to the water4 ,growth of ,trout4--,mr4 ,tomkin of ,polgaron put some small river trout1 #b-a_/b inches in length1 into a newly made pond4 ,he took some of them out the second year1 above twelve inches in length2 the third year1 he took one out of sixteen inches in length2 and the fourth year1 one of twenty-five inches in length3 this was in #agcd4--;,carew's ,survey of ,cornwall4 ,ducks ,eat ,trout4--,arthur ,a4 ,woodford and ,s4 ,w4 ,eddy1 of ,avon1 ,conn41 say that ducks eat trout and destroy the trout's breeding places by digging in the banks along the ponds and streams4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi ,,the ,,angler',s ,,clothing ,,and ,,footwear ,and let your garments russet be or gray4 ,of colour darke1 and hardest to descry4 ,pleasures of ,angling4 ,hobnail ,footwear4--,most any boot or shoe can be used for wading the trout streams1 but a special selection is always best for every sort of purpose4 ,rubber1 canvas1 and leather are employed in the making of the fisherman's footwear4 ,the hobnail heel-and-sole pattern is the correct article for use in swift-running water4 ,the hobnail recommended above all others is the common1 cheap soft-iron hobnail with corrugated head2 carry a package in your tackle box4 ,repairing ,waders4--,patch holes in rubber boots and rubber stockings1 etc41 by covering the holes with thin sheet rubber1 cementing this with a mixture of black rubber dissolved in spirits of turpentine4 ,drying ,rubber ,boots4--,fill 'em full of hot bran4 ,clothing4--,sack coats1 heavy trousers1 a stout vest1 all with plenty of large pockets4 ,in color the garments should be gray1 drab1 or brown4 ,hat4--,a soft felt of gray shade4 ,boots and ,shoes4--,brown leather4 ,waders4--,leather shoes with holes in the sides or canvas shoes for summer4 ,rubber boots or wading trousers for cold weather4 ,woolen and ,rubber ,clothing4--,good quality woolen will shed rain for hours4 ,wear rubber outer garments in a wet brushy trail4 ,,chapter ,,xxvii ,,little ,,casts ,the ,fingerling ,fisher4--,it is sad to see a man with his creel full of trout each not over the size of a lady's penknife4 ,this character has a photograph made of himself with the fingerlings held in front of him so as to make them appear of legal size2 this he sends to friends in the city with glowing accounts of his catch of a hundred speckled beauties in one day4 ,tent ,waterproofing4--,sugar of lead and alum4 ,woodcraft4--,a good1 simple way to find a road or dwelling1 if you are lost in the woods1 is to follow down a stream4 ,destroying the ,streams4--,discourage the indiscriminate cutting down of trees4 ,the destruction of forest land means the drying up of trout waters and the waste of drinking water4 ,the ,bungler4--,bragging of ungentle catches1 untruths about the size of a specimen1 and non-ichthyological nonsense about the mystery of a species--unnatural history such as cheap fiction writers indulge in--by bungling would-be fishermen annoy the practical man and puzzle the earnest tyro4 ,the record of honest sport is entertaining and instructive4 ,discrimination4--,do not worry if the fish are small so long as they are of legal size2 reduce your tackle4 ,a vest-pocket watch keeps just as good time as a town-hall clock4 ,sportsmanship4--,chivalry to his companion and humane treatment to the game he pursues are the ,angler's axioms4 ,giving ,fishes to ,neighbors4--,don't give your neighbors part of your catch4 ,they won't appreciate it4 ,they'll throw them away in most cases4 ,if they cook and eat them they suffer the belief that they are doing you a favor4 ,most recipients of fishes think the specimens too small1 or that they have too many bones1 or that they are too thin1 too tough1 too hard to scale1 etc4 ,they'd rather have a bought-and-paid-for cold-storage cod of ten pounds than a freshly caught brook trout presented by an ,angler friend4 ,not ,all of ,fishing to ,fish4--,the fisherman whose catching of many fish causes him to forget his surroundings1 blinds his eyes to the beauties of ,nature1 and deadens his ears to the music of the wild1 is no ,angler4--,o4 ,w4 ,smith4 ,,chapter ,,xxviii ,,borrowed ,,lines ,oh ,i could wish the lord to say ,that all the twelve months ,should be ,may4 ,,george ,,borrow4 ,i borrow no man's tackle4--,,frank ,,forester4 ,nature4--,solitude has its charm and its reward and ,nature offers to mankind the proper blessings1 be they indulged in with care and consideration4 ,the mind that has been oppressed by following civilization's rut will find ample comfort in the solitude given man by ,nature4--,r4 ,p4 ,l41 ,the ,sportsmen's ,review4 ,save the ,fishes4--,we who love wild life and long ago abandoned the many instruments of extermination and who have come to a more considerate mode of recreation should do all in our power to discourage its destruction and to encourage the propagation of the wild life which has been so generously and graciously given us by our ,creator4 ,only extremists insist on terrible slaughter of fishes1 birds1 and quadrupeds4--,e4 ,m4 ,hermann4 ,improvement4--,no building enterprise1 no 'betterment' ever spares a tree4 ,insects and lack of care kill what 'improvement' leaves4--,new ,york ,evening ,world1 ,aug4 #ah1 #aiad4 ,jesus the ,fisherman4--,had not the ,saviour of ,gennesaret understood fishermen's signs1 such as the riff on the water1 the schooling of the fishes1 the hovering gulls1 there would have been no miraculous catch of fishes4--,charles ,hallock4 ,society where ,none ,intrudes4--,i had pined so much1 in the dust and heat of the great town1 for trees and fields1 and running waters1 and the sounds of country life1 and the air of country winds1 that never more could ,i grow weary of these soft enjoyments4--,blackmore1 ,lorna ,doone4 ,the ,call of the ,wild4--,lying hidden away in the back of the brain is the primitive longing for adventure and the tingle of the nerves that awaits it4 ,under the veneer of what is called civilization lie the racial and elemental passions1 just as ,mother ,earth lies beneath the asphalted streets of the city4--,adele ,m4 ,ballard4 ,gold ,fishing4--,when all green places have been destroyed in the builder's lust of gain2 when all the lands are but bricks and piles of wood and iron2 when there is no moisture anywhere and no rain ever falls2 when the sky is a vault of smoke and all the rivers reek with poison2 when forest and stream1 the moor and meadow and all the old green wayside beauty are things vanished and forgotten2 when every gentle1 timid thing of brake and bush1 of air and water1 has been killed because it robbed them of a berry or a fruit2 when the earth is one vast city1 whose young children behold neither the green of the field nor the blue of the sky1 and hear no song but the hiss of the steam1 and know no music but the roar of the furnace2 when the old sweet silence of the countryside1 and the old sweet sounds of waking birds1 and the old sweet fall of summer showers1 and the grace of a hedgerow bough1 and the glow of the purple heather1 and the note of the cuckoo and cushat1 and the freedom of waste and of woodland and all things are dead and remembered of no man2 then the world1 like the ,eastern king1 will perish miserably of famine and of drought1 with gold in its stiffened hands1 and gold in its withered lips and gold everywhere2 gold that the people can neither eat nor drink1 gold that cares nothing for them1 but mocks them horribly2 gold for which their fathers sold peace1 and health1 and holiness1 and beauty2 gold that is one vast grave4--,ouida4 ,heaven4--,my heart is fixed firm and stable in the belief that ultimately the sunshine and the summer1 the flowers and the azure sky1 shall become1 as it were1 interwoven into man's existence4 ,he shall take from all their beauty and enjoy their glory4--,richard ,jefferies1 ,the ,life of the ,fields4 ,modern ,savagery4--,civilization is a nervous disease4--,clarence ,king4 ,humanity4--,reading and writing are not educational1 unless they make us feel kindly towards all creatures4--,ruskin4 ,walton's ,depth4--,in ,walton's angling works a child may wade and a giant swim4--,john ,ryan4 ,i shall stay 444 the reader no longer than to wish him a rainy evening to read this 444 ,discourse2 and that1 if he be an honest ,angler1 the ,east wind may never blow when he goes a-,fishing4--,,izaak ,,walton1 ,the ,compleat ,angler1 #afec4 ,,appreciations3 ,,princeton1 ,,may #cj1 #aijj--,the ,determined ,angler 444 the most pleasantly written1 the most sensible and practical and instructive volume ,i have ever seen of its kind4 ,illustration3 ,grover ,cleveland ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,angling4-- 444 a book on the art of angling1 with a hearty indorsement from the most famous of latter-day fishermen1 former ,president ,grover ,cleveland4 ,it fully deserves this indorsement4--,new ,york ,herald1 ,september #bb1 #aijj4 ,,the ,,trout ,,and ,,the ,,whale4-- 444 rare sympathy and genuine knowledge4 ,mr4 ,bradford undoubtedly knows1 as did his sainted forerunner1 that there are fish1 as namely the whale1 three times as big as the mighty elephant1 that is so fierce in battle1 yet a single salve-liner fontinalis of just a little over two pounds and a quarter is the single luxury he allows himself4 ,mr4 ,bradford's dealings are with those sophisticated denizens of much-fished streams1 that have to be approached with the finesse of a diplomat and handled with the swift skill of a fencing master4 ,in all that pertains to this difficult and studious art one feels that ,mr4 ,bradford is an adept1 and that the graceful1 commendatory letter from former ,president ,cleveland is amply merited4--,new ,york ,evening ,telegram1 ,september #h1 #aijj4 ,,practical4--,practical advice4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,,angling ,,converts4--,there is always a real charm about what is written on the subject of fishing1 by real disciples of old ,izaak ,walton1 and the reason may be found in the fact that the spirit of the greatest of anglers has come upon them4 ,the ,determined ,angler is no exception to the rule4 ,it is good reading1 full of wisdom and instruction4 ,and while it will prove very useful to the beginner and even the veteran1 it is also calculated to make many converts to the rod and line4 ,the book is full of wise counsel and information4--,new ,york ,evening ,sun1 ,september #h1 #aijj4 ,,for ,,fair ,,fishermen4--,appeals to those who fish fair4444 ,charles ,bradford1 the modern ,american authority on angling4--,new ,york ,press4 ,,for ,,gentle ,,readers4--,much good advice and very pleasant entertainment for any gentle reader4--,new ,york ,observer4 ,,summer ,,and ,,winter4--,pleasant reading whether by the winter fireside or the shaded banks of summer4--,new ,york ,evening ,post4 ,,angling ,,experience4--,mr4 ,bradford is no novice in this line of literature4--,new ,york ,athletic ,club ,journal4 ,,angling ,,philosophy4--,breathes the very essence of philosophy2 the result of much experience4--,brooklyn 7,n4 ,y47 ,eagle4 ,,waltonian ,,spirit4--,pervaded by the spirit of ,izaak ,walton4--,the ,outlook4 ,,the ,,gentle ,,trout4--,the author is an enthusiastic devotee of the sport angling1 upon which he writes with a contagious enthusiasm 444 an angler of very positive convictions2 he has a fixed aversion to fishing with the scarlet ibis1 and confesses to a personal preference to sober colors in flies for all seasons and on all waters4 ,above all1 he insists upon the use of the most scientific methods1 since a trout is a gentleman1 and should be treated as such and lured with only delicate and humane weapons4 ,a facsimile of a letter of warm commendation from ex-,president ,cleveland serves as frontispiece to this agreeable volume which is attractively printed4--,new ,york ,commercial ,advertiser4 ,september #ac1 #aijj4 ,,the ,,gentle ,,art4--,a gentle exponent of a gentle art4--,denver 7,colo47 ,republican4 ,,wild ,,brook ,,trout4--,the announcement of a new book on fishing interests a class of the community1 especially those confined to the cities1 which is increasing year by year4 ,this work depicts a trout fisherman's paradise4 ,it is from the same graphic pen as ,the ,wildfowlers1 and divulges many a secret of the fisherman's craft4 ,one may learn from its pages where a gentle creel of real wild brook trout may be made in a morning's pleasant angling1 in a free and comparatively virgin gameland--a wild and naturally beautiful country1 embracing all the charms of scenic splendor for which the ,american brook trout regions are famous1 and its pages contain an abundance of practical detail concerning tackle and methods of casting the fly1 and playing and landing the game 444 it makes a notable addition to the sportsman's library4--,new ,york ,home ,journal4 ,may #aj1 #aijj4 ,,the ,,angler',s ,,art4--,mr4 ,bradford gives eminently practical hints on the angler's art4--,salt ,lake ,city 7,utah7 ,telegram4 ,a ,,study ,,of ,,fishing4--,the advice comes from one who has learned many things about fishing4--,utica 7,n4 ,y47 ,press4 ,,comprehensive ,,angling4--,one of the most comprehensive bits of angling literature we have had for many a long year1 and thoroughly deserves the generous praise it has received 444 the most delightful fishing book of this generation--,the ,amateur ,sportsman4 ,,the ,,angler',s ,,library4--deserves a place in the library of every fly-fisherman4--,the ,sportsman's ,magazine4 ,a ,,fisher ,,of ,,men4--,mr4 ,bradford may well be proud of this tribute1 for ,mr4 ,cleveland is himself a determined angler and an experienced fisher of men4--,spirit of the ,times4 ,,secrets ,,of ,,the ,,fish4--,what he has to tell of the secrets known only to the fish1 himself1 and a few others is marvelous4--,montreal 7,canada7 ,gazette4 ,,philosophy ,,and ,,fishing4--,with this kind of man philosophy and fishing mix well4--,rochester 7,n4 ,y47 ,herald4 ,,quality1 ,,not ,,quantity4--,mr4 ,bradford writes for those who see more in the trip than the frying-pan4--,savannah 7,ga47 ,news4 ,,walton',s ,,follower4--,a true disciple of ,izaak ,walton4--,london 7,eng47 ,post4 ,,angling ,,enthusiasm4--,an accomplished and enthusiastic angler4--,cincinnati 7,ohio7 ,star4 ,,cleveland',s ,,words4--,charles ,bradford writes practical and sensible books4--,philadelphia 7,pa47 ,public ,ledger4 ,,angling ,,anticipations4--,mr4 ,bradford believes fishing is a means and not an end4--,albany ,argus4 ,,joyous ,,material4--,he has gathered material to make the heart of the fisherman leap for joy4--,boston ,transcript4 ,,would ,,please ,,walton4--,izaak ,walton1 ,christopher ,north1 and the other mighty fishermen known to fame1 would wag their wise heads approvingly over ,mr4 ,bradford's book4 ,the ,pilgrims who told ,king ,james that they desired to go ,god and catch fishes would accord ,mr4 ,bradford's volume a place beside the ,bay ,psalm ,book4--,pittsburg 7,pa47 ,gazette4 ,,entertaining4--,mr4 ,bradford has written before on angling1 and very entertainingly4--,saturday ,evening ,post 7,phila474 ,,contemplative ,,man4--,charles ,bradford is one to whom1 as ,washington ,irving said1 ,there is something in angling that tends to produce a gentleness of spirit and a pure serenity of mind4--,dundee 7,scot47 ,adv4 ,,universal ,,reading4--,the descriptive matter is both interesting and instructive4 ,fishermen in all parts of the country will find the book well worth reading4--,bay ,city 7,mich47 ,tribune1 ,july #ai1 #aijj4 ,transcriber's ,note3 99 ,obvious punctuation and spelling errors repaired4 99 ,changed water-proof to waterproof for consistency4 ,both forms appeared in the original text4