,transcriber's note3 ,italics are rendered with underscores1 e4g4 italics4 ,small caps are rendered with ,,all-,,caps4 ,the oe ligature is rendered oe1 e4g4 manoeuvres4 ,,raemaekers' ,,cartoon ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,war ,illustration3 7signed7 ,louis ,raemaekers ,,raemaekers' ,,cartoon ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,war ,,compiled ,,by ,j4 ,,murray ,,allison ,editor of ,raemaekers' ,cartoons1 ,kultur in ,cartoons1 ,the ,century ,edition de ,luxe ,raemaekers' ,cartoons1 etc4 ,,volume ,,two ,,the ,,second ,,twelve ,,months ,,of ,,war ,,new ,,york ,,the ,,century ,,co4 #aiai ,copyright1 #aiai1 by ,,the ,,century ,,co4 ,,foreword ,the second year of the war opened in the ,west with the enemy1 although superior in man power and munitionment1 pinned down to a defensive line from ,belfort to the sea4 ,the new armies of the ,british ,empire were still being raised and trained1 and neither ,england nor ,france had reached their zenith in the production of guns and munitions4 ,the western front was to remain for a time comparatively inactive4 ,in the ,east the great ,teutonic drive through ,poland was still in progress1 although the ,russian armies had everywhere escaped envelopment1 and their retreat was nearly at an end4 ,warsaw was occupied by the ,germans early in ,august4 ,it was a moment chosen by ,germany to make an offer of separate peace to ,russia4 ,the enemy sought to gain by bribery what his armies had failed to accomplish in the field4 ,the offer was rejected by ,russia4 ,by ,october ,germany's greatest military effort so far had failed and the ,russian armies stood intact from the ,bukovina to ,riga4 ,the next great development in the history of the war was the entry of ,bulgaria in ,october on the side of the ,central ,powers4 ,whilst great ,german and ,austro-,hungarian forces crossed the ,danube in the north the ,bulgarians attacked ,serbia on the flank4 ,in a few weeks ,serbia and ,montenegro suffered the fate of ,belgium and ,luxemburg1 the ,british and ,french troops not having arrived in time to render material aid to the ,serbians4 ,greece1 failing to live up to her treaty with ,serbia1 contributed to the defeat of that country and was for many months to form a menace to the allied troops who were making the port of ,salonika their base in the ,balkans4 ,in the meantime the western allies had taken the offensive in ,september1 the ,french attacking in ,champagne and the ,british in ,flanders4 ,the attack was not driven home and no further offensive upon a large scale was to take place until ,july in the following year4 ,january saw ,gallipoli evacuated by the ,allies1 releasing ,turkish troops for service in ,mesopotamia which was doubtless to have its effect in the fall of ,kut and the capture of the garrison later on4 ,late in ,february the great ,german offensive began at ,verdun1 an offensive which was to prove the most costly defeat of the ,german arms during the war4 ,the ,battle of ,verdun continued for months and may be said to have been definitely lost by the ,germans by the #ast of ,july4 ,meanwhile the ,russian armies in the ,caucasus and ,armenia had beaten the ,turks in many engagements1 taking amongst other towns the fortress of ,erzerum with great numbers of prisoners and military stores4 ,the other ,russian armies in the north1 reorganized and thoroughly equipped with munitionment1 began in ,june their magnificent advance all along their line from ,riga to the ,carpathians4 ,the last month of the second year of the war witnessed the beginning of the big push in the west1 the ,russian advance in the east1 the retreat of the ,austrians in the ,trentino1 and the beginning of the ,italians' successful thrust upon the ,isonzo4 ,it is with these major military operations of the year with which ,raemaekers' cartoons on the following pages deal4 ,he did not neglect to record1 however1 many of the minor happenings4 ,the various and devious peace moves of the enemy did not escape his comment nor did the cold blooded murders of ,nurse ,cavell and ,captain ,fryatt4 ,he has recorded also many examples of ,german ,zeppelin ,ruthlessness and ,german ,piracy on the sea4 ,notable amongst the latter is the ,sussex crime and its subsequent diplomatic developments1 which were to play such an important part in ,america's entry into the war4 ,j4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,volume ,,two ,,the ,,anniversary1 ,,august1 #aiae ,bernhardi3 ,have we not surpassed your most sanguine expectations8 99 99 99 99 99 ,total losses amongst all belligerents during first year of war3 ,killed ,wounded ,missing and ,total ,prisoners #c1jbf1gac #e1gfh1iid #b1fgc1ahh #aa1ebh1hie ,nineteenth ,century and ,after4 ,illustration ,,king ,,albert',s ,,answer ,,to ,,the ,,pope ,with him who broke his word1 devastated my country1 burned my villages1 destroyed my towns1 desecrated my churches1 and murdered my people1 ,i will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished for his crimes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,today1 on the sad anniversary of the terrible conflict1 our heart gives forth the wish that the war will soon end4 ,we raise again our voice to utter a fatherly cry for peace4 ,may this cry1 dominating the frightful noise of arms1 reach the warring peoples and their chiefs and induce kindly and more serene intentions4 ,from the ,papal ,peace ,appeal1 ,august #a1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,a ,,stable ,,peace ,the ,kaiser3 ,and remember1 if they do not accept it1 ,i deny it altogether 99 99 99 99 99 ,that the ,dardanelles and ,galicia had been offered by ,berlin to ,petrograd2 that ,egypt was asked for ,turkey1 and that the mediation of the ,pope was desired on the basis of the restitution of ,belgium1 were some of the reports which gained currency between ,aug4 #e1 the date of the fall of ,warsaw1 and ,aug4 #ab1 when the ,novoe ,vremya of ,petrograd confirmed the rumors of ,german overtures for a separate peace with ,russia4 ,almost simultaneously from ,petrograd and from ,milan announcements that1 after the capture of ,warsaw1 ,germany was seriously engaged in preliminary negotiations for the establishment of a peace were published4 ,besides ,galicia and the ,dardanelles1 the ,novoe ,vremya said1 ,germany would guarantee the integrity of the ,russian frontiers1 at the same time stipulating for ,egypt on the pretext of ceding that country to ,turkey1 and for a free hand to deal with ,russia's allies4 ,the report declared that these offers were rejected by the ,czar's ,government4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,,thrown ,,to ,,the ,,swine 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,august #e1 #aiae1 ,miss ,cavell1 an ,english woman1 directress of a large nursing home at ,brussels1 was quietly arrested by the ,german authorities and confined in the prison of ,st4 ,gilles on the charge that she had aided stragglers from the ,allied ,armies to escape across the frontier from ,belgium to ,holland1 furnishing them with money1 clothing and information concerning the route to be followed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we reminded him 7,baron ,von der ,lancken7 of the burning of ,louvain and the sinking of the ,lusitania1 and told him that this murder would stir all civilized countries with horror and disgust4 ,count ,harrach broke in at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see ,miss ,cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest ,german soldiers1 and his only regret was that they had not three or four ,english old women to shoot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the day brought forth another loathsome fact in connection with the case4 ,it seems the sentence of ,miss ,cavell was not pronounced in open court4 ,her executioners1 apparently in hope of concealing their intentions from us1 went into her cell and there behind locked doors pronounced sentence upon her4 ,it is all a piece with the other things they have done4 ,,hugh ,,gibson1 ,first ,secretary of the ,american ,legation at ,brussels4 ,illustration ,,the ,,martyred ,,nurse ,william3 ,now you can bring me the ,american protest 99 99 99 99 99 ,even when ,i was ready to abandon all hope1 ,leval was unable to believe that the ,german authorities would persist in their decision1 and appealed most touchingly and feelingly to the sense of pity for which we looked in vain4 ,,hugh ,,gibson1 ,first ,secretary ,american ,legation at ,brussels4 ,to condemn any human being1 even if he were the vilest criminal1 at #e o'clock in the afternoon and execute him at #b ,a4 ,m4 was an act of barbarism for which no possible condemnation is adequate4 ,under these circumstances1 it would be incredible1 if the facts were not beyond dispute1 that the request of the ,united ,states for a little delay was not only brutally refused1 but that our ,legation was deliberately misled and deceived until the death sentence had been inflicted4 ,,james ,m4 ,,beck ,in ,new ,york ,times4 ,illustration ,,the ,,yellow ,,book ,unmasked 99 99 99 99 99 ,the publication of the ,french ,government ,yellow ,book in ,august dealing with the diplomatic events which led up to the war proved that whilst ,germany was assuring the nations of her peaceful intentions she was secretly preparing for war4 ,illustration ,u',s ,his ,majesty3 ,well1 ,tirpitz1 you've sunk a great many8 ,tirpitz3 ,yes1 sire1 here is another ,u coming down4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,august #bf1 #aiae1 ,squadron-,commander ,a4 ,w4 ,bigsworth destroyed single-handed1 a ,german submarine by bombs from his aeroplane off ,ostend on the coast of ,belgium4 ,the ,british ,admiralty said in reference to this episode3 ,it is not the practice of the ,admiralty to publish statements regarding the losses of ,german submarines1 important though they have been1 in cases where the enemy have no other sources of information as to the time and place at which these losses have occurred4 ,in the case referred to above1 however1 the brilliant feat of ,squadron-,commander ,bigsworth was performed in the immediate neighbourhood of the coast in occupation of the enemy1 and the position of the sunken submarine has been located by a ,german destroyer4 ,illustration ,pallas ,athene3 ,has it come to this8 99 99 99 99 99 ,when1 on ,sept4 #ba1 after the ,bulgarian mobilization had begun1 ,m4 ,venizelos1 who was then ,prime ,minister of ,greece1 asked ,france and ourselves for #aej1jjj men1 it was on the express understanding that ,greece would mobilize also4 ,greece did1 in fact1 mobilize under his direction on ,sept4 #bd1 but it was not until ,oct4 #b that ,m4 ,venizelos found himself able to agree to the landing of ,british and ,french troops under the formal protest1 a merely formal protest1 which he had already made to the ,french ,government4 ,on ,oct4 #d--;,i wish these dates to be borne in mind--,m4 ,venizelos announced what had happened to the ,greek ,chamber1 and at the same time declared that ,greece must abide by her treaty with ,serbia4 ,the next day the ,king repudiated the declaration and then ,m4 ,venizelos resigned4 ,the new ,government which succeeded declined to recognize that a casus foederis had arisen between ,greece and ,serbia1 in spite of our constant insistence that ,greece should make common cause with ,serbia1 and the new ,greek ,government1 while declaring their desire to remain on friendly terms with the ,allies1 declined to depart from their attitude of neutrality4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,asquith1 ,house of ,commons1 ,november #b1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,the ,,next ,,to ,,be ,,kicked ,,out ,dumba's ,master 99 99 99 99 99 ,by reason of the admitted purpose and intent of ,mr4 ,dumba to conspire to cripple legitimate industries of the people of the ,united ,states and to interrupt their legitimate trade and by reason of the flagrant violation of diplomatic propriety in employing an ,american citizen protected by an ,american passport as a secret bearer of official dispatches through the lines of the enemy of ,austria-,hungary1 the ,president directs me to inform your ,excellency that ,mr4 ,dumba is no longer acceptable to the ,government of the ,united ,states as the ,ambassador of his ,imperial ,majesty at ,washington4 ,official ,american ,note ,requesting the ,recall of ,,mr4 ,,dumba1 the ,austro-,hungarian ,ambassador4 ,september1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,september1 #aiad1 ,,and ,,september1 #aiae ,the ,crown ,prince1 #aiad3 ,now the war begins as we like it4 ,the ,crown ,prince1 #aiae3 ,but this is not as ,i wished it to continue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,towards the end of ,september1 #aiaf1 the ,british and ,french ,armies began an attack upon the ,german forces at ,loos and in the ,champagne4 ,during five days' fighting1 over #be1jjj prisoners and #abe guns were captured by the ,allies4 ,illustration ,,idyllic ,,neutrality ,a daily smuggling scene on the ,dutch frontier 99 99 99 99 99 ,neutral countries whose frontiers march with those of ,germany have rendered enormous aid to the ,central ,powers by the supply of materials and food4 ,the general practice of evasion has been to smuggle home produce of all sorts for which high prices were forthcoming and use for local consumption similar products imported from other countries over seas4 ,the imports of many lines of merchandise into ,holland alone are known to have increased from fifty to one hundred per cent4 compared with pre-war figures4 ,illustration ,,what ,,should ,,we ,,do ,,without ,,michael8 ,michael3 ,for my #ajj ,marks ,i obtained a receipt4 ,i gave this for second #ajj ,marks and ,i received a second receipt4 ,for the third loan ,i gave the second receipt4 ,have ,i invested #cjj ,marks and has the ,government got #cjj1 or have both of us got nothing8 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we desire the possibility of shaping a peace in accordance with our needs and our vital requirements1 we must not forget the question of cost4 ,we must see to it that the whole future livelihood of our people shall1 so far as is in any way possible1 be relieved of the burden4 ,the leaden weight of thousands of millions is due to the people who got up this war4 ,they1 not we1 shall drag it along with them4 ,of course1 we know that this is a matter of peculiar difficulty1 but everything that can be done in this direction shall be done4 ,we are paying the money almost exclusively to ourselves1 whilst the enemy is paying its loans abroad1 a guarantee that in the future we shall maintain the advantage4 ,,dr4 ,,helfferich1 ,reichstag1 ,september1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,we ,,don',t ,,understand ,,this ,,loan ,,game 7,in ,germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to another are supposed to1 but do not1 get richer47 99 99 99 99 99 ,german statesmen and editors make a boast of the fact that so far they have not raised any war funds by taxation4 ,that is true1 but they are pursuing the far less commendable course of raising the money by loans and by hanky-panky manipulations of currency paper4 ,dr4 ,helfferich1 the ,imperial ,minister of ,finance1 recently admitted that he dared not impose further taxation1 and it is a fair inference that he knew any such proposals would be futile--that the burdens of the ,german taxpayers are already as heavy as they can bear4 ,the ,nineteenth ,century and ,after4 ,illustration ,,the ,,german ,,loan ,don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german war loans have been subscribed mainly by the great companies of ,germany2 by the ,savings ,banks1 the ,banks1 the ,life and ,fire ,insurance and ,accident ,insurance ,companies1 etc4 ,furthermore1 these loans have been pyramided2 that is to say1 a man who subscribed and paid for one hundred thousand marks of loan number one could1 when loan number two was called for1 take the bonds he had bought of loan number one to his bank and on his agreement to spend the proceeds in subscribing to loan number two1 borrow from the bank eighty thousand marks on the security of his first loan bonds1 and so on4 ,,james ,w4 ,,gerard in ,my ,four ,years in ,germany4 ,illustration ,wounded ,first 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,allan ,liner ,hesperian was torpedoed by a ,german submarine in the ,english ,channel on the #dth ,september1 #aiae2 on board were a number of invalided ,canadian troops4 ,british admiralty patrol boats were quickly on the spot and succeeded in saving all the passengers and crew with the exception of eight souls4 ,illustration ,,the ,,morning ,,paper3--,,great ,,news 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,press ,bureau of the ,war ,office announces that a fleet of hostile airships visited the eastern counties and a portion of the ,london area last night and dropped bombs4 ,the following military casualties1 in addition to the one announced last night1 have been reported3 ,fourteen killed and thirteen wounded4 ,the ,home ,office announces the following casualties other than the military casualties reported above3 ,killed--,men1 #bg2 women1 #i2 children1 #e2 total1 #da4 ,injured--,men1 #fd2 women1 #cj2 children1 #g2 total1 #aja4 ,of these casualties #cb killed and #ie injured were in the ,london area1 and these figures include those announced last night4 ,london1 ,october1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,van ,,tromp ,,and ,,de ,,reuter ,so long as you permit ,zeppelins to cross our land you surely should cease to boast of our deeds4 7,whenever a ,dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he calls to mind the names of these heroes47 99 99 99 99 99 ,many of the ,zeppelins that raided ,english towns and villages crossed over ,holland leaving and returning to their bases in ,germany4 ,this was held to be a violation of the neutrality of ,holland and pro-,ally ,dutchmen endeavored to make the question an international one4 ,illustration ,,the ,,marshes ,,of ,,pinsk ,the ,kaiser3 ,when the leaves fall you'll have peace4--,they have4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the last of the great ,austro-,german strokes had failed1 and before the beginning of ,october1 #aiae1 the line of the enemy in the east was established precisely where it was to be found unchanged until the great offensive delivered upon its southern part by the ,russians in the beginning of ,june1 #aiaf4 ,lord ,kitchener put the matter simply and in words the accuracy of which could be gauged by the exasperation they caused at ,berlin1 when he said that the enemy had now in the ,east shot his bolt4 ,it was a phrase exactly true4 ,the expense in men1 the difficulty of bringing up munitionment2 the entry into territories with worse roads and less opportunities of supply2 the fact that the line now reached was cut by the great belt of marshes in the centre--all these things between them brought the great adventure to a stand4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc4 in ,land and ,water4 ,illustration ,cheer up1 ,austria1 you have ,germans and ,bulgarians to help you this time 99 99 99 99 99 ,until ,october1 #aiae1 the ,austro-,hungarian forces entrusted with the invasion and subjection of ,serbia had failed in their objectives4 ,after an initial success the armies of the ,dual ,empire met with several defeats and were finally driven across the ,danube4 ,at the beginning of the year the ,serbian campaign was abandoned and ,field ,marshal ,pottionek in command of the ,austrian ,armies was removed from his post4 ,illustration ,,ferdinand1 ,,the ,,chameleon ,i was a ,catholic1 but needing ,russian help1 ,i became a ,greek ,orthodox4 ,now ,i need the ,austrians ,i again become ,catholic4 ,should things turn out badly ,i can again revert to ,greek ,orthodoxy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bulgaria must fight at the victor's side4 ,the ,germans and ,austro-,hungarians are victorious on all fronts4 ,russia soon will have collapsed entirely4 ,then will come the turn of ,france1 ,italy1 and ,serbia4 ,bulgaria would commit suicide if she did not fight on the side of the central powers1 which offer the only possibility of realizing her desire for union of all ,bulgarian peoples4 ,in the beginning none could foresee how events would develop and which side would be victorious4 ,if the ,government had resolved to participate in the great war it might have committed the fault of joining the side that would have been beaten1 and thus jeopardize the existence of the present ,bulgarian ,empire4 ,from ,bulgarian ,manifesto4 ,october1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,serbia4 ,,autumn1 #aiae ,now we can make an end of him 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,balkan campaign is the easiest task ever intrusted to an army leader4 ,if the present plan is carried out it will be impossible for the ,allies to escape capture or disaster1 and the only real military task is to accomplish all this with the smallest possible loss to ourselves4 ,even with the greatest force the ,anglo-,french ,governments can muster the ,germanic armies will outnumber them two to one1 while the ,austro-,german artillery is in the proportion of five to one4 ,the ,azest1 ,budapest1 ,october1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,october ,,in ,,serbia 7,october in ,holland is called the butcher's month1 as the flocks are then killed preparatory to the winter47 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,october #gth1 #aiae1 an army of #djj1jjj ,austrians1 ,hungarians and ,germans forced the ,danube and commenced the great drive on ,serbia2 by the #ajth the invaders had captured ,belgrade4 ,at the same moment the ,bulgarians in great force attacked the ,serbians on their right flank and by the #bhth joined forces with the ,teutonic troops4 ,illustration ,,the ,,kaiser ,,counts ,,the ,,bag 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,october #ac1 #aiae1 about #i3cj at night1 fire opened from the skies on the centre of ,london4 ,that same evening parts of the ,eastern ,counties were attacked4 ,in ,london alone #cb were killed and #ie injured1 and the total casualties for the whole area of the raid that night were #ef killed and #aac wounded4 ,a number of houses were damaged1 and several fires started4 ,most of the victims were ordinary working folk1 doing their ordinary work4 ,motor omnibus conductors died in the street1 a messenger boy was killed when delivering a message1 a potman died at his work1 a caterer was killed while returning from a ,masonic lodge1 a carman's daughter was injured in the legs and lingered until the next morning1 a waitress was done to death while returning from a ,young ,women's ,guild1 and so on4 ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,the ,,entry ,,into ,,constantinople ,the ,kaiser3 ,who is this man8 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german ,emperor will spend ,christmas in ,constantinople at the head of his victorious troops4 ,the ,pesti-,napols1 ,budapest4 ,october1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,go ,,to ,,your ,,hereditary ,,enemy1 ,,bulgaria 99 99 99 99 99 ,it must not be forgotten that ,greece is an independent nation that disposes of its fate in full sovereignty4 ,the ,austro-,german attack on ,serbia releases ,greece at least from the obligation of armed intervention1 and independent of that attack it is materially impossible for ,serbia to give ,greece the support of #aej1jjj men stipulated in the treaty in case of war with ,bulgaria1 the ,entente powers have not furnished a contingent equivalent4 ,grecian ,note of ,october #bf1 #aiae4 ,i deplored the fact that ,serbia is being left to be crushed by ,bulgaria1 ,greece's hereditary enemy1 who will not scruple later to fall on ,greece herself4 ,from speech of ,,venizelos before dissolution of his ,government4 ,november #c1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,they ,,bowed ,,the ,,knee ,,before ,,him ,the extermination of ,armenian ,christians1 ,autumn of #aiae 99 99 99 99 99 ,these atrocities had as their deliberate object the extermination of the ,armenian race1 and it is not difficult to assess the guilt4 ,the guilt lay with the ,young ,turkish ,government at ,constantinople and with the local officials who acted in collusion with them4 ,but there was a greater criminal even than the ,young ,turkish ,government1 for behind ,turkey stood the country that was ,turkey's ally and the dominant partner in the policy she pursued4 ,there was a considerable variation in the conduct of individual ,germans in ,turkey4 ,the ,german missionaries seem to have stood laudably by their principles1 and the ,german ,vice-,consul at ,erzerum is said to have sent the exiles relief4 ,but in the ,aleppo province and ,cilicia the ,german officials1 both military and civil1 threw themselves actively into the ,young ,turks' scheme2 at ,moush and ,van ,german officers are believed to have participated directly in the slaughter1 and at ,erzerum they are reported to have taken their share of the ,armenian girls4 ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,driven ,,from ,,the ,,temple ,,of ,,humanity 99 99 99 99 99 ,if the ,porte considers it necessary that ,armenian insurrections can either go on or should be crushed so as to exclude all possibility of their repetition1 then there is no murder and no atrocity1 but simply measures of a justifiable and a necessary kind4 ,,count ,,von ,,reventlow4 ,i was asked last night to define ,german militarism1 and there is the definition 7above7 in the devilish spirit of such a judgment and excuse for the cowardly massacre of #hjj1jjj human beings1 not all men1 but thousands of women and children4 ,t4 ,p4 ,o',,connor1 ,m4,p4 ,house of ,commons1 ,london1 ,november #af1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,the ,,old ,,serb ,fighting with the ,bulgarians against the ,turk ,i lost my brothers1 my sons fell fighting with the ,greeks against ,bulgaria1 but only when the ,germans came were my wife and children killed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the three districts of ,polzerie1 ,matchva1 and ,yadar1 the various kinds of death and torture inflicted were apportioned as follows3 ,males ,females ,victims shot #cde #fd ,victims killed with knives #aac #bg ,victims hanged #g #f ,victims massacred and clubbed to death with sticks and #dh #bf butt-ends of rifles ,victims disemboweled #b #d ,victims burned alive #ce #if ,victims pinioned and robbed #eb #ab ,victims whose arms were cut off1 torn off1 or broken #e #a ,victims whose legs were cut off or broken #c #j ,victims whose noses were cut off #bh #f ,victims whose ears were cut off #ca #g ,victims whose eyes were put out #cj #ch ,victims whose genital organs were mutilated #c #c ,victims whose skin was cut in strips1 or portions of #ae #c their face detached ,victims stoned #ab #a ,victims whose breasts were cut off #j #b ,victims cut in pieces #ag #af ,victims beheaded #a #j ,little girl thrown to the pigs #j #a ,victims killed without the manner of their deaths #bdj #e being specified ,serbian ,government ,report1 ,,professor ,r4 ,a4 ,,reiss1 ,university of ,lausanne1 ,switzerland4 ,illustration ,,new ,,peace ,,offers ,von ,bethmann-,hollweg3 ,the worst of it is1 ,i must always deny having been there4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in reality none of our enemies has approached us with suggestions of peace4 ,our enemies have rather considered it to their interest to attribute to us falsely offers of peace4 ,both facts have the same explanation--self-deception beyond compare1 which we would only make worse if we approached them with peace proposals1 instead of waiting for them to come to us4 ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg4 ,reichstag1 ,december #e1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,ferdinand ,s',,en ,,va ,t',,en ,,guerre ,,ne ,,sait ,s',,il ,,reviendra 99 99 99 99 99 ,in true comradeship the glorious triumphal march of your ,majesty's nation in arms began1 which1 under the guidance of its illustrious ,war ,lord1 has added one sublime leaf of glory to another in the history of ,bulgaria4 ,in order to give visible expression to my feelings for such deeds1 and to the feelings of all ,germany1 ,i have begged your ,majesty to accept the dignity of ,prussian ,field ,marshal1 and ,i am1 with my army1 happy that you1 by accepting it1 also in this sense have become one of us4 ,the ,,german ,,emperor to ,,king ,,ferdinand of ,bulgaria at ,nish1 ,serbia1 ,december1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,the ,,people ,the ,kaiser3 ,don't bother about your people1 ',tino4 ,they must do what we say4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,venizelist ,patris took another view of the situation on the same date3 ,only those who are unable to foresee things1 or who are panic-stricken1 would be unable to foretell the evolution of the events immediately following the ,austro-,german attack on ,serbia4 ,the ,central ,empires1 not disposing enough troops for this campaign1 needed the ,bulgars1 with whom they associated2 but they also needed the neutrality of ,greece1 because without it ,bulgaria would be unable to cooperate with them1 as she would have to defend herself against ,greece4 ,in order to secure ,bulgar help1 the ,austro-,germans used the method of compensation4 ,the whole of ,serbian ,macedonia1 a part of ,old ,serbia1 an exit on the ,adriatic ,sea1 concessions at the expense of ,turkey--all this was a part of the national problem of the ,bulgarian lust of conquest4 ,it was in this way that the ,bulgarians undertook the assassin's job of striking ,serbia from behind4 ,in order to secure the neutrality of ,greece1 the ,austro-,germans resorted to the ,prussian method of terrorism1 inasmuch as no other concessions and compensations were at hand4 ,both methods have been equally successful4 ,the ,athens ,patris ,current ,history4 ,special ,staff ,correspondence4 ,december1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,truth ,as painted by the ,german ,chancellor 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is well known that ,france granted loans to ,russia only under the condition that it develop its ,polish fortresses and railroads against us2 also that ,england and ,france regarded ,belgium as their route of advance against us4 ,we must protect ourselves politically and militarily against this1 and also insure our economic development4 ,as ,i said on ,aug4 #ai1 we are not the ones who are threatening the small nations4 ,we are battling in this struggle1 forced upon us1 not to subjugate foreign nations1 but to protect our life and freedom4 ,this war remains for the ,german ,government what it was in the beginning and what has been maintained in every pronunciamento--a defensive war of the ,german ,nation for its future4 ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg4 ,reichstag1 ,december #i1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,the ,,evacuation ,,of ,,gallipoli ,what are you firing at8 ,the ,british left twenty-four hours ago6 ,sorry1 ,sir--and what a glorious victory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the enemy were completely deceived4 ,on the afternoon of ,december #bj1 #aiae1 a vigorous attack was begun in the ,cape ,helles area against some trenches at the head of the ,krithia ravine4 ,with the help of fire from warships1 the trenches were taken with small loss1 and held against counter-attacks delivered that night4 ,this operation helped to divert the enemy's attention4 ,at #c4cj ,a4 ,m4 on the morning of ,december #ba a huge mine was exploded by the ,anzacs near ,russell's ,top4 ,the ,turks thought the ,anzacs were about to attack1 and for forty minutes they blazed away furiously with their rifles at the empty trenches4 ,the ,australians left many letters of farewell to the ,turks1 assuring them that they were clean fighters and that the ,australians hoped to meet them again4 ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,the retirement from ,gallipoli was one of the finest operations in military or naval history4 ,it will take an imperishable place in our national history4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,asquith1 ,prime ,minister1 ,house of ,commons1 ,january #aj1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,christmas1 #aiaf ,the holy war is at the door ,illustration ,,new ,,year',s ,,feast ,,of ,,kultur 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,british ,liner ,persia was sunk by a ,german submarine on ,december #cj1 #aiae1 southeast of ,crete1 while on her way to the ,orient4 ,american ,consul ,mc,neeley1 on his way to his post at ,arden1 was among the #cce persons who lost their lives1 of which two or more were ,americans4 ,illustration ,,the ,,poilu 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are not going to grow weary4 ,france has confidence because you are there4 ,how often have ,i heard your officers say3 ,never1 in any age1 have we had a finer army4 ,never have men been better trained1 braver1 more heroic than ours6 ,everywhere that ,i have seen you ,i have felt myself tremble with admiration and hope4 ,you will conquer4 ,the year now opening will bring you1 my friends1 the pride of finishing the defeat of the enemy1 the joy of returning to your homes1 and the sweetness of celebrating the victory there amid those you love4 ,the ,president of ,france to ,french ,troops1 ,january1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,trials ,,of ,a ,,court ,,painter ,i commenced this as the entry into ,paris1 but ,i must finish it as the entry into ,nish 99 99 99 99 99 ,hail ,emperor1 ,caesar and ,king6 ,thou art victor and glorious4 ,in ancient ,nish all the peoples of the ,east salute thee1 the redeemer1 bringing to the oppressed prosperity and salvation4 ,,king ,,ferdinand ,,of ,,bulgaria ,,to ,,the ,,german ,,emperor ,on the occasion of the triumphal entry of the two ,monarchs into ,nish4 ,january1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,von ,,der ,,goltz ,,goes ,,to ,,the ,,promised ,,land 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,january1 #aiaf1 ,field ,marshal ,baron von der ,goltz was appointed commander in chief of the ,turkish ,armies in the ,caucasus4 ,the serious nature of the ,turkish situation in the ,caucasus seems to have been realised in ,berlin but the veteran ,german general was unable to stem the advance of the victorious ,russians who were shortly afterwards to capture the great fortress of ,erzerum with its entire garrison1 guns and supplies4 ,illustration ,,the ,,burial ,,of ,,private ,,walker 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,september #i1 #aiad1 ,joseph ,walker enlisted for the duration of the war2 on ,january #aa1 #aiaf1 the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at ,west ,capelle4 ,this afternoon1 at #a ,p4,m41 while the northwest wind whistled over ,walcheren1 the ,english soldier was buried in the churchyard of ,west ,capelle4 ,first the vice-consul in the name of ,england spread the ,british flag over him who for ,england had sacrificed his young life4 ,four men of ,west ,capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the tower1 that old gray giant1 which has witnessed so much world's woe1 here opposite the sea4 ,it was a simple1 but touching ceremony4 ,man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live4444 ,he cometh forth like a flower and is cut down4 ,thus spoke the voice of the minister and the wind carried his words1 and the wind played with the flag of ,england1 the flag that flies over all seas1 in ,flanders1 in ,france1 in the ,balkans1 in ,egypt1 as the symbol of threatened freedom--the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior4 ,and in the roaring storm we went our way4 ,there was he carried1 the soldier come to rest1 and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped itself round that son of ,england4 ,then the coffin sank into the ground and the hearts of us1 the departing witnesses1 were sore4 ,earth fell on it1 and the preacher said3 ,earth to earth1 dust to dust4 ,from the ,amsterdam ,telegraaf1 ,january1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,come ,,and ,,be ,,happy ,,at ,,potsdam 99 99 99 99 99 ,the little ,kingdom of ,montenegro was conquered by the ,austrians in ,january1 #aiaf4 ,although the ,austrians were present in overwhelming force1 a substantial part of the ,montenegrin ,army were able to escape and join the ,serbs who were in ,albania4 ,upon the fall of ,montenegro1 the ,kaiser invited the ,king to accept ,german hospitality in ,berlin4 ,the ,king refused and escaped to ,france1 taking up his residence at ,lyon4 ,illustration ,,tom ,,thumb ,,and ,,the ,,giant ,come and save me1 you know ,i am fond of children 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,february #a1 #aiaf1 the small fishing trawler ,king ,stephen from ,grimsby found the ,german ,zeppelin ,l #ai floating in the ,north ,sea with her crew clinging to her4 ,the captain of the trawler refused to take the crew of the ,zeppelin on board his boat1 fearing he would be overpowered and captured4 ,his action caused a great outcry in ,germany1 notwithstanding the fact that the ,zeppelin was doubtless responsible for the death of many women and children in ,england and had actually dropped a bomb on a steamer during the previous night and left the crew to perish4 ,illustration ,,on ,,the ,,way ,,to ,,bagdad ,halt 99 99 99 99 99 ,the assault on the forts 7,erzerum7 and the principal position lasted from ,february #aa till ,february #ae inclusive4 ,after we had taken the forts on the left flank of the principal ,turkish line of defense1 extending about #bg miles1 the fate of the forts in the centre and on the right flank1 and1 after them1 of the second line forts and the principal defensive position1 was decided on ,february #af after short attacks4 ,these fortifications1 which were full of ,turkish dead1 remained in our possession4 ,during the assault on the fortress several ,turkish regiments were annihilated or made prisoners with all their officers4 ,on the line of forts alone we took #aig pieces of artillery of various calibres in good condition4 ,in the defence works of the central fortress we took another #abf pieces of artillery4 ,in the fortified region of ,erzerum we took a large number of depots of various kinds1 which have already been mentioned by the ,headquarter ,staff4 ,the exact number of ,turkish prisoners is #bce officers and #ab1gec men4 ,russian ,official ,report on the ,capture of ,erzerum4 ,illustration ,,the ,,holy ,,war ,the ,turk3 ,but he is so great4 ,william3 ,no one is great save ,allah and ,i am his ,prophet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,about the time ,turkey became involved in the war a telegram was published as having been sent from ,kaiser ,wilhelm to the ,crown ,prince announcing with evident satisfaction that the supreme ,moslem authorities at ,constantinople had given their sanction to the declaration of a ,holy ,war against ,russia1 ,england1 and ,france as oppressors of the ,moslems4 ,at one time it looked as though the aspirations implied by this message might be carried out4 ,there was a mutiny at ,singapore in which ,moslem troops were implicated2 there were outbreaks in the ,italian ,tripolitana and among the ,senoussi tribesmen on the western border of ,egypt2 there was at least a threat against the ,suez ,canal1 from the direction of ,beersheba1 and there was1 or seemed to be1 the possibility of a pro-,german uprising in ,persia4 ,the advance of the ,russians from the ,caspian has dissipated this last possibility2 the ,suez ,canal is no longer even threatened2 the ,senoussi have given their submission4 ,finally1 from ,india1 from ,sultan ,mohammed ,aga ,khan1 who is the spiritual head of the many million ,moslems in ,india1 comes a declaration which shows that the hopes of a holy war1 as it seems to have been expected in ,germany1 were never anything more than a myth4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,the ,kaiser3 ,your ruthlessness has failed1 ,tirpitz2 ,i must pin my faith to ,count ,zeppelin4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ruthless submarine policy introduced by von ,tirpitz earlier in the war and which was guaranteed to bring proud ,albion to her knees had completely failed in its object by ,spring1 #aiaf4 ,after a bitter fight between von ,tirpitz and his opponents of whom the chief was the ,chancellor himself1 the ,admiral on ,march #af1 #aiaf1 resigned his office of ,secretary of ,state for the ,imperial ,navy4 ,illustration ,,gott ,,strafe ,,england ,father says ,i must do the same with ,france 99 99 99 99 99 ,we have seen that corps were specially called back to the interior of ,germany for reposing1 training and even feeding calculated towards the end in view4 ,light railways were built upon every side4 ,heavy artillery was concentrated to the number of over one thousand pieces--all that could be spared--and slowly massed in the woods by ,spincourt1 and an immense head of shell accumulated during the four winter months4 ,the unfit were thoroughly combed out and every possible man taken to swell the ,german effectives4 ,class #aiaf after some four months' training was sent forward to the local depots behind the front with the object of throwing it into the fighting the moment the losses should become serious4 ,class #aiag began to be called out 7in the month of ,december74 ,on the #aith of ,february1 #aiaf1 the first shots of the intensive bombardment against the ,verdun sector were fired1 and on ,monday the #bast of ,february the great ,german offensive was launched4 ,,hilaire ,,belloc4 in ,land and ,water4 ,illustration ,william3 ,you lead new ,regiments upon ,verdun1 whilst ,i weep over the losses of the old ones4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of the ,german ,corps known to have been engaged the #crd and #ahth ,corps have been entirely used up1 or spent1 as the military phrase goes4 ,the #gth ,reserve ,corps has lost half1 and the #aeth ,corps three-quarters1 of its available strengths4 ,the ,german forces had by the evening of ,march #c used up1 in addition to those already mentioned1 a part of the #aacth ,division1 the #eth ,reserve ,corps1 and the ,bavarian ,ersatz ,division1 without taking into account the losses of other reinforcements1 whose presence on the battlefield has not yet been definitely ascertained4 ,none of the prisoners questioned estimated the losses suffered by their companies at less than one-third of the total effectives4 ,taking into account all available indications1 it may safely be assumed that1 during the fighting of the last #ac days1 the ,germans have lost in killed1 wounded1 and prisoners at least #ajj1jjj men4 ,,lord ,,northcliffe',s ,despatch from ,verdun1 ,march #d1 #aiaf ,illustration ,,nobody ,,sees ,,me1 ,,so ,i ,,can ,,always ,,deny ,,it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,march1 #aiaf1 a great neutral passenger ship1 the ,dutch ,liner ,tubantia1 was sunk in the ,north ,sea4 ,all the passengers and crew were saved with one exception4 ,the ,dutch ,government protested to the ,german ,government which disclaimed all responsibility1 stating that the explosion which sunk the vessel must have been due to a ,british mine4 ,during the ,dutch ,government's investigation members of the crew testified to having seen the wake of a torpedo although no submarine was observed4 ,evidence was produced which indicated that the ,tubantia was the victim of a submarine attack4 ,illustration ,,pan ,,germanicus ,,as ,,peace ,,maker ,the ,dove3 ,they say they do not want peace as they have time enough4 ,the ,eagle3 ,alas6 ,that is just what we haven't got4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gentlemen1 ,i have spoken candidly4 ,i have been able to say openly that we desire peace1 because the ,german ,nation is sufficiently strong1 and because it is resolved to continue the fight in defense of home and country should its enemies not wish for peace4 ,the ,imperial ,chancellor knows that the whole world is waiting in breathless expectation his reply to our interpellation4 ,i trust that he will find the redeeming words1 and that he will express his readiness to enter into peace negotiations4 ,,philip ,,scheidemann1 ,chairman ,german ,socialist ,party1 ,reichstag1 ,march1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,we have only come to see that the ,english don't threaten you4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,germans left no stones unturned to influence the ,dutch in their favor4 ,they deluged the newspaper offices with free propaganda1 telegraphed at great expense from ,berlin1 and supplied free copies of the ,berlin ,journals4 ,everything possible was to spread distrust of the ,english1 who were constantly accused of having designs on the integrity of ,holland and of desiring to take possession of the ,scheldt4 ,this was carried so far that a panic was created on ,march #ca1 #aiaf1 by the report of landing of the ,entente forces in ,zeeland4 ,the report1 which was without any foundation1 was circulated by the ,germans and spread like wild fire around the country4 ,the ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,hohenzollern ,,madness ,the storming of ,dead ,man's ,hill 99 99 99 99 99 ,we figure that the attempt to rush this important position 7their object was to capture ,le ,mort ,homme1 in order to render untenable the key sector of ,pepper ,hill and ,douaumont7 cost the ,germans fully #cj1jjj men1 of whom an unusually high proportion were killed1 owing to their inability to succor and save the slightly wounded4 ,perhaps now the enemy will realize that he has reached a stalemate1 for the abrupt breakdown of yesterday's attempt against ,vaux and ,douaumont proves once more it is impossible to advance there while we hold ,le ,mort ,homme1 and the latter must seem to be impregnable4 ,french ,official ,eyewitness4 ,march #bf1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,my ,,son ,,lies ,,here1 ,,where ,,are ,,yours8 ,illustration ,,the ,,old ,,poilu 99 99 99 99 99 ,soldiers of the ,army of ,verdun6 ,for three weeks you have been exposed to the most formidable assaults yet attempted against us by the enemy4 ,germany counted upon the success of this effort1 which she believed to be irresistible1 and to which she has devoted her best troops and her most powerful artillery4 ,she hoped that the capture of ,verdun would revive the courage of her allies and would convince neutral countries of ,german superiority4 ,she had reckoned without you4 ,night and day1 despite a bombardment without precedent1 you have resisted all attacks and maintained our positions4 ,the struggle is not yet at an end1 for the ,germans require a victory4 ,you will succeed in wresting it from them4 ,we have munitions and reserves in abundance2 but1 above all1 you have indomitable courage and faith in the destinies of the ,republic4 ,the eyes of the country are upon you4 ,you will be among those of whom it will be said3 they barred the road to ,verdun to the ,germans4 ,,general ,,joffre to the ,french ,army at ,verdun1 ,march1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,german ,,chivalry ,,on ,,the ,,sea 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,british ,submarine ,e#ac ran aground on the ,danish ,island of ,saltholm within the three mile limit4 ,whilst in this helpless position1 unable to attack or to defend herself she was shelled by a large ,german destroyer4 ,of her crew of thirty1 fifteen were killed4 ,illustration ,,the ,,eternal ,,barrage 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,british ,official ,press ,bureau reports the ,german casualties during ,february1 #aiaf1 at #ce1aih1 of whom #aj1baa were killed or died either of wounds or sickness2 #b1jag missing1 #e1bag severely wounded1 #a1cdj prisoners1 #aa1hfe slightly wounded4 ,the ,german casualties during ,march1 including the slaughter at ,verdun and the sanguinary struggles in the eastern theatre1 are estimated at #age1jjj4 ,this estimate1 added to the previous reports1 swell the ,german losses since the beginning of the war--including all ,german nationalities3 ,prussians1 ,bavarians1 ,saxons1 and ,wuerttembergers1 but excluding naval and colonial casualties--to the grand total of #b1hdb1cgb1 of which number about #ffj1jjj were killed and died of wounds1 #dj1jjj died of sickness1 #abj1jjj are prisoners1 #bbj1jjj are missing1 #cfe1jjj are severely wounded1 #bfe1jjj wounded1 about #a1jej1jjj slightly wounded1 #adj1jjj wounded remaining with units4 ,the number killed in action1 estimating one-half the missing as killed1 is over #be per cent4 of the total4 ,illustration ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg',s ,,peace ,,song 99 99 99 99 99 ,this new ,europe in many respects cannot resemble the past4 ,the blood which has been shed will never be repaid1 and the wealth which has been destroyed can only slowly be replaced4 ,but1 whatever else this ,europe may be1 it must be for the nations that inhabit it a land of peaceful labor4 ,the peace which shall end this war shall be a lasting peace4 ,it must not bear the germ of new wars1 but must provide for a peaceful arrangement of ,european questions4 ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg4 ,reichstag1 ,april #e1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,why1 ,i ,,have ,,killed ,,you ,,twice ,,and ,,you ,,dare ,,to ,,come ,,back ,,again6 99 99 99 99 99 ,the capture of ,trebizond1 the most important ,turkish city on the ,black ,sea1 marks another important step in ,russia's historic campaign in ,asia ,minor4 ,after a sanguinary battle at ,kara ,dera on ,april #ad the ,grand ,duke's troops broke through the fierce resistance of the ,turks and1 with the cooperation of the ,russian ,black ,sea ,fleet1 fought their way three days later into the fortified city of ,trebizond4 ,with this strongest point on the ,anatolian coast in ,russian hands1 the menace to the back door of ,constantinople becomes imminent4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,mais quand la voix de ,dieu l'appela il se voyait seul sur la terre au milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the latest estimate of ,german losses at ,verdun is #bjj1jjj6 ,does the ,kaiser1 at safe distance1 still look on8 ,what blessing has this monarch of a great and productive realm brought upon his people8 ,mourning1 desolation1 and irremediable misery6 ,no triumph1 no victory can atone for such a deluge of blood and tears6 ,that capricious ,personage somewhere in ,heaven1 whom ,wilhelm calls ,unser ,gott1 may possibly resent the deliberate casting away of golden opportunities on the part of his crowned earthly familiar1 to whom a peaceful world was offered1 only to be kicked aside for a battered helmet and broken sword6 ,thrust in thy sickle and reap6 ,o ,emperor of a brief and bitter day6 ,the harvest of death1 not life6--the harvest of curses1 not blessings6 ,the thousands of dead men--dead in the very strength of manhood--sacrificed in a holocaust on the flaming altar of the wickedest war the world has ever seen1 may have their own story to tell to ,unser ,gott2 so may the bereaved and wretched women whose husbands and sons have been torn from their arms forever4 ,,marie ,,corelli in ,the ,sunday ,times1 ,london1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,deportations ,,from ,,lille 99 99 99 99 99 ,the attitude of ,england renders it increasingly difficult to feed the population4 ,to lessen misery1 the ,german authority has recently asked volunteers to work in the country4 ,this offer has not had the success which was expected4 ,consequently the inhabitants will be removed by compulsion and transported to the country4 ,those removed will be sent in the interior of ,french occupied territory far behind the front1 where they will be employed in agriculture and in no way in military work4 ,german ,proclamation4 ,lille1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,upon the order of ,general von ,graevenitz and with the assistance of ,infantry ,regiment #fd1 sent by the ,german ,general ,headquarters1 about #be1jjj ,french1 young girls from #af to #bj years old1 young women and men up to the age of #ee years1 without distinction of social condition1 were torn from their homes at ,roubaix1 ,tourcoing1 and ,lille1 pitilessly separated from their families1 and forced to do agricultural work in the ,departments of the ,aisne and ,ardennes4 ,french ,official ,report4 ,illustration ,,the ,,last ,,throw 99 99 99 99 99 ,these are not1 as our enemies are pretending to believe1 the last exertions of an exhausted nation1 but the hammer blows of a strong1 invincible people which commands sufficient reserves in men and all other means for the continuation of the hammer blows4 ,the ,prussian ,war ,minister1 ,,general ,,wild ,,von ,,hohenborn1 the ,reichstag1 ,april #aa1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,russia ,,to ,,france 99 99 99 99 99 ,on the #bjth of ,april1 #aiaf1 a number of transports arrived at ,marseilles carrying a large number of ,russian troops for the support of ,france4 ,the troops had come by water through the ,east4 ,russian troops continued to arrive in ,france for some time afterwards4 ,illustration ,,the ,,death',s ,,head ,,hussar ,,at ,,verdun 99 99 99 99 99 ,in short1 with ever-ebbing vigor1 the ,german ,army is smashing its head against the walls of ,verdun4 ,the weight and vigor of the blows decrease1 but the suicidal mania continues4 ,two months have passed since the early success of the ,german attack ended with the capture of ,vaux village4 ,each resumption of the attempt to take ,verdun since that time has been a cause for increasing wonder4 ,what is there about this enterprise that has turned it into a fatal obsession1 from which the ,german high command cannot escape1 however great the cost of continuance8 ,from the ,paris ,figaro4 ,april1 #aiae4 ,illustration ,,sir ,,judas ,,casement 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,april #bd ,sir ,roger ,casement1 a former ,consul ,general1 was captured in the act of trying to land ,german arms on the west coast of ,ireland4 ,he had been conveyed thither in a ,german submarine1 with two ,irish soldiers from ,german prisons4 ,a ,german auxiliary cruiser loaded with #bj1jjj rifles and ammunition was taken and sunk at the same time4 ,the vessel was sunk by its own men1 and the twenty-two ,german bluejackets on board were made prisoners4444 ,casement had last been heard of in ,germany1 where he had attempted to induce ,irish prisoners of war to join an anti-,british expedition to ,ireland4 ,testimony at his preliminary trial in ,london subsequently showed that on ,good ,friday he had landed near ,tralee from the ,german submarine ,u-#ai with a soldier named ,bailey and another named ,monteith4 ,in ,mc,kinna's ,fort he was seen to drop a paper containing a code and the words3 ,await further instructions4 ,have decided to stay4 ,further ammunition and rifles are needed4 ,send another ship4 ,the small collapsible boat in which he and his companions had landed also helped to betray them1 and ,casement and ,bailey were arrested before they could get away in the automobile which was waiting for them4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,,great ,,britain ,,and ,,ireland 99 99 99 99 99 ,the manifesto of the ,provisional ,government of the ,irish ,republic did not secure the support or signature of a single elected representative of any section of the ,irish people1 or of any man who had won influence by public services for ,ireland4 ,its signatories were a convicted dynamiter1 a handful of minor poets1 journalists and schoolmasters1 a junior corporation official1 and a ,syndicalist leader4 ,the movement1 wrote ,mr4 ,redmond1 was insane and anti-patriotic3 ,germany plotted it1 ,germany organized it1 ,germany paid for it4 ,so far as ,germany's share in it is concerned1 it is a ,german invasion of ,ireland1 as brutal1 as selfish1 as cynical as ,germany's invasion of ,belgium4 ,the ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,the ,,graves ,,of ,,all ,,his ,,hopes ,illustration ,,the ,,sussex ,you need cooling1 my friend 99 99 99 99 99 ,i have deemed it my duty1 therefore1 to say to the ,imperial ,german ,government that if it is still its purpose to prosecute relentless and indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of submarines1 notwithstanding the now demonstrated impossibility of conducting that warfare in accordance with what the ,government of the ,united ,states must consider the sacred and undisputable rules of ,international ,law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity1 the ,government of the ,united ,states is at last forced to the conclusion that there is but one course it can pursue and that unless the ,german ,imperial ,government should now declare and effect the abandonment of its present methods of warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels1 this ,government can have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the ,government of the ,german ,empire altogether4 ,,president ,,wilson',s ,address to ,congress1 ,april #ai1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,i ,,thought ,,you ,,said ,,you ,,were ,,too ,,proud ,,to ,,fight6 99 99 99 99 99 ,this decision ,i have arrived at1 to break off diplomatic relations with ,germany unless her methods of submarine warfare were abandoned1 with the keenest regret2 the possibility of the action contemplated ,i am sure all thoughtful ,americans will look forward to with unaffected reluctance4 ,but we cannot forget that we are in some sort and by the force of circumstances the responsible spokesmen of the rights of humanity1 and that we cannot remain silent while those rights seem in process of being swept utterly away in the maelstrom of this terrible war4 ,we owe it to a due regard for our own rights as a nation1 to our sense of duty as a representative of the rights of neutrals the world over1 and to a just conception of the rights of mankind to take this stand now with the utmost solemnity and firmness4 ,,president ,,wilson',s ,address to ,congress4 ,april #aith1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,indeed1 ,i am the most humane fellow in the world4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german ,government attaches no less importance to the sacred principles of humanity than the ,government of the ,united ,states4 ,it again fully takes into account that both ,governments for many years cooperated in developing international law in conformity with these principles1 the ultimate object of which has always been to confine warfare on sea and land to armed forces of belligerents and safeguard as far as possible noncombatants against the horrors of war4 ,german ,gov't4 reply to ,u4 ,s4 ,government in ,sussex ,case4 ,may1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,von ,tirpitz3 ,well1 my dears1 ,i'm afraid you will have to improve your manners--for a while at least4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german ,government notifies the ,government of the ,united ,states that ,german naval forces have received the following order3 ,in accordance with the general principles of visit and search and the destruction of merchant vessels1 recognized by international law1 such vessels1 both within and without the area declared a naval war zone1 shall not be sunk without warning and without saving human lives unless the ship attempt to escape or offer resistance4 ,imperial ,german ,government to ,united ,states ,government4 ,may #d1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,well1 ,,mr4 ,,president1 ,,if ,,you ,,insist1 ,,we ,,shall ,,try ,,to ,,behave ,,like ,,gentlemen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in view of the circumstances the ,german ,government frankly admits that the assurance given to the ,american ,government1 in accordance with which passenger vessels were not to be attacked without warning1 has not been adhered to in the present case4 ,as was intimated by the undersigned in the note of the #dth instant1 the ,german ,government does not hesitate to draw from this resultant consequences4 ,it therefore expresses to the ,american ,government its sincere regret regarding the deplorable incident and declares its readiness to pay an adequate indemnity to the injured ,american citizens4 ,it also disapproved of the conduct of the commander1 who has been appropriately punished4 ,,von ,,jagow1 ,german ,foreign ,secretary to ,united ,states ,government1 #hth ,may1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,gott ,,strafe ,,verdun ,i wish ,i knew whether it is wiser to retreat or to advance ,,verdun 99 99 99 99 99 ,for more than two months the battle of ,verdun has raged almost ceaselessly day and night4 ,it is conceded that ,germany has concentrated picked troops and heavy guns in quantities never before seen in war4 ,yet1 apart from the first withdrawal of ,general ,petain's army from outlying positions to definite lines of defense1 the two months fighting has not given the attacking forces a gain of two miles4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,,german ,,militarism ,,on ,,the ,,allies' ,,operating ,,table ,for the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,germans have come with floating mines in the open seas1 threatening belligerents and neutrals equally4 ,they have come with the undiscriminating and murderous ,zeppelin1 which does military damage only by accident4 ,they have come with the submarine1 which destroys neutral and belligerent ships and crews1 in scorn alike of law and mercy4 ,they have come upon blameless nations with invasion1 incendiarism1 and confiscation4 ,they have come with poisonous gases and liquid fire4 ,all their scientific genius has been dedicated to wiping out human life4 ,they have forced these things into general use in the war4 ,the ,prussian authorities apparently have but one idea of peace--an iron peace imposed on other nations by ,german supremacy4 ,they do not understand that free men and free nations will rather die than submit to that ambition1 and that there can be no end to the war till that aim is defeated and renounced4 ,from an interview with ,,sir ,,edward ,,grey1 in the ,chicago ,news1 ,may1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,empire ,,day1 #aiaf 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ,germany challenged us nearly two years ago to uphold with our lives the ideals by which we professed to live1 we accepted the challenge1 not out of madness1 nor for glory or for gain1 but to make good those professions4 ,since then the ,allies and our empire have fought that they may be free and all earth may be free from the intolerable domination of ,german ideals4 ,we did not foresee the size of the task when it opened4 ,we do not flinch from it now that the long months have schooled us to full knowledge and have tempered us nationally and individually to meet it4 ,the nations within the empire have created1 maintained1 and reinforced from their best the great armies they devote without question to this issue4 ,they have emerged1 one by one1 as powers clothed with power through discipline and sacrifice1 strong for good by their bitter knowledge of the evil they are meeting1 and wise in the unpurchasable wisdom of actual achievement4 ,knowing as nations what it is we fight for1 realizing as men and women the resolve that has been added to us by what each has endured1 we go forward now under the proud banner of our griefs and losses to greater effort1 greater endurance1 and1 if need be1 heavier sacrifice1 equal sponsors for the deliverance of mankind4 ,,rudyard ,,kipling1 on ,empire ,day1 ,may #bd1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,spring ,,song ,illustration ,,the ,,german3 ,if you will let me keep what ,i have ,i will let you go 99 99 99 99 99 ,i have twice publicly stated that ,germany has been and is prepared to discuss the termination of the war upon a basis that offers guarantee against further attack from a coalition of her enemies and insures peace to ,europe4 ,you have read ,president ,poincare's answer to that4 ,one thing ,i do know--only when statesmen of the warring nations come down to a basis of real facts1 when they take the war situation as every war map shows it to be1 when1 with honest and sincere will they are prepared to terminate this terrible bloodshed and are ready to discuss the war and peace problems with one another in a practical manner1 only then will we be nearing peace4 ,whoever is not prepared to do that has the responsibility for it if ,europe continues to bleed and tear itself to pieces4 ,i cast that responsibility far from myself4 ,,von ,,bethmann-,,hollweg to ,berlin ,correspondent of ,new ,york ,world4 ,may #bb1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,wandering ,,jew ,once ,i turned the ,christ from my door2 now ,i must wander from the ,northern to the ,southern seas--from ,eastern to the ,western shores 444 asking for ,peace1 but never finding it4 ,illustration ,,gratitude ,,of ,,the ,,women ,,of ,,france ,,to ,,the ,,king ,,of ,,spain ,,for ,,the ,,tracing ,,of ,,the ,,missing 99 99 99 99 99 ,the soul of the royal work for the discovery of the missing is ,don ,emilio-,maria de ,torres1 ,minister ,plenipotentiary and private secretary to his ,majesty4 ,it is in the offices of his ,secretariat1 in the ,palacio ,real1 that this work is installed2 it was soon so crowded there that it became necessary to give up to it four halls1 and then eight1 in order that the collaborators1 becoming more and more numerous1 might work comfortably4 ,in ,may1 #aiaf1 the work of the ,king1 already a year old1 occupied at ,madrid twenty-eight persons1 who began their day at eight in the morning and sometimes worked far into the night4 ,,mme4 ,,gabrielle ,,reval in ,la ,revue des ,deux ,mondes4 ,illustration ,,the ,,bill 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is proved that from ,may #bj to ,may #be 7#aiaf7 seven different divisions were flung into the battle on both sides of the ,meuse4 ,four of these were brought from other points of the ,western front--two from ,flanders1 two from the ,somme4 ,on the left bank alone four divisions were employed in the last week-end fighting4 ,without a thought of the enormous losses caused by our curtain fire and machine guns1 the ,german ,command threw them one after the other into the boiling pot east and west of ,mort ,homme4 ,on ,may #bb alone1 before the capture of ,cumieres village1 which has now been retaken1 the enemy made no fewer than #af attacks upon the front from the ,avocourt ,wood to the ,meuse4 ,over #ej1jjj men sought that day to climb the slopes of ,mort ,homme and the plateau of ,hill #cjd4 ,the great charnel heap had #ae1jjj fresh corpses flung upon it without the ,french lines having yielded4 ,official ,despatch from ,verdun front4 ,illustration ,,the ,,last ,,ride ,illustration ,,caged 99 99 99 99 99 ,during an enterprise directed to the northward our high sea fleet on ,may #ca encountered the main part of the ,english fighting fleet1 which was considerably superior to our forces4 ,during the afternoon1 between ,skagerrak and ,horn ,reef1 a heavy engagement developed1 which was successful to us1 and which continued during the whole night4444 ,the ,high ,sea ,fleet returned today 7,thursday7 into our port4 ,german ,admiralty ,report4 ,berlin1 ,june #a1 #aiaf4 ,on the afternoon of ,wednesday1 the #cast of ,may1 a naval engagement took place off the coast of ,jutland4 ,the ,british ships on which the brunt of the fighting fell were the battle cruiser fleet and some cruisers and light cruisers1 supported by four fast battleships4 ,among these the losses were heavy4 ,the ,german battle fleet1 aided by low visibility1 avoided a prolonged action with our main forces4 ,as soon as these appeared on the scene the enemy returned to port1 though not before receiving severe damage from our battleships4 ,british ,admiralty ,report4 ,london1 ,june #b1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,jutland ,william ,falstaff3 ,i know not what you call all1 but if ,i fought not with the whole ,british fleet1 then ,i am a bunch of radish4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our ,high ,sea ,fleet on ,may #ca encountered the main part of the ,english fleet4 ,on our side the small cruiser ,wiesbaden1 by hostile gunfire during the day engagement1 and his ,majesty's ship ,pommern1 during the night1 as the result of a torpedo1 were sunk4 ,the fate of his ,majesty's ship ,frauenlob1 which is missing1 and of some torpedo boats1 which have not returned yet1 is unknown4 ,german ,admiralty ,report4 ,june #a1 #aiaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in order to prevent fabulous reports1 it is again stated that in the battle off ,skagerrak on ,may #ca the ,german high sea forces were in battle with the entire modern ,english fleet4 ,we were obliged to blow up the small cruiser ,elbing1 which1 on the night of ,may #ca-;,june #a1 owing to a collision with other ,german war vessels1 was heavily damaged4 ,german ,admiralty ,report4 ,june #c1 #aiaf4 ,we state that the total loss of the ,german high sea forces during the battle of ,may #ca-;,june #a and the following time are3 ,one battle cruiser1 one ship of the line of older construction1 four small cruisers1 and five torpedo boats4 ,of these losses1 the ,pommern1 launched in #aije2 the ,wiesbaden1 ,elbing1 ,frauenlob1 and five torpedo boats already have been reported in official statements4 ,for military reasons1 we refrained until now from making public the losses of the vessels ,luetzow and ,rostock4 ,german ,admiralty ,report4 ,june #h1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,at ,,last1 ,,tirpitz1 ,i ,,may ,,tender ,,my ,,imperial ,,thanks ,,publicly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,after visiting my fleet1 which returned victoriously from a heavy battle1 ,i feel ,i must again declare to you my imperial thanks for what you have performed in my service in the technical domain and the domain of organization4 ,our ships and weapons upheld themselves brilliantly in the battle in the ,north ,sea4 ,it is also for you a day of glory4 ,,the ,,german ,,emperor to ,,grand ,,admiral ,,von ,,tirpitz4 ,june1 #aiaf4 ,before the ,battle of ,jutland ,von ,tirpitz retired from his post as ,minister of the ,navy on the ground of ill health4 ,he is credited with being responsible for the submarine policy of ruthlessness which the ,german ,government were forced to moderate on account of ,president ,wilson's firm attitude in the ,sussex episode4 ,illustration ,we ,had ,almost ,beaten the ,boy ,when ,his ,father ,arrived and ,then ,we ,had to ,run for ,our ,lives4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,germans were driven back into their ports without so much as making an effort to grapple with the main body of our ,grand ,fleet1 and had the temerity to claim what really was a rout as a complete victory4 ,a couple more such victories and there will be nothing left of the ,german ,navy worth speaking about4 ,the truth is slowly leaking out1 and its full extent is not yet realized or appreciated4 ,our command of the seas1 so far from being impaired1 has been more firmly and unshakably established4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,asquith1 ,british ,prime ,minister4 ,illustration ,,der ,,tag ,thank ,god1 the ,day is over 99 99 99 99 99 ,first--,it was admitted that the small cruiser ,wiesbaden was sunk and that the ,pommern--the character of that ship not being mentioned--had also been destroyed2 the light cruiser ,frauenlob was missing1 with some torpedo boats4 ,the rest of the ,high ,seas ,fleet1 it was declared1 had returned to our harbors4 ,second--,it had to be confessed that the light cruiser ,elbing had been sunk4 ,third--,a statement was issued to the effect that one battle cruiser1 7the ,luetzow17 one ship of the line of older construction1 7the ,pommern17 four smaller cruisers1 7the ,wiesbaden1 ,elbing1 ,frauenlob1 and ,rostock17 and five torpedo boats 7really destroyers7 represented the total loss4 ,fourth--,it is now known that the battle cruiser ,seydlitz was run ashore to save her from sinking4 ,it is asserted by travelers who have returned to ,amsterdam that the battle cruiser ,derfflinger sank on being towed into ,wilhelmshaven1 and it is reported from ,copenhagen that the ,pommern was not the battleship which was torpedoed in the ,baltic by a ,british submarine in ,july last1 but a new battle cruiser which was named after the ,german ,state1 thus perpetuating its association with the navy4 ,the story of the sinking of the dreadnought battleship ,ostfriesland awaits confirmation4 ,,archibald ,,hurd in the ,london ,daily ,telegraph4 ,illustration ,german ,admiral3 ,how quiet it must be in those ,english harbors blockaded by our ,fleet4 ,illustration ,,the ,,death ,,of ,,kitchener 99 99 99 99 99 ,field ,marshal ,lord ,horatio ,herbert ,kitchener1 the ,british ,secretary of ,state for ,war1 perished with his staff off the ,west ,orkney ,islands on ,june #e by the sinking of the ,british cruiser ,hampshire1 which struck a mine and went down fifteen minutes later4 ,o death1 where is thy sting8 ,o grave1 where is thy victory8 ,formerly they had sounded in our ears as chords of solemn music1 breathing consolation2 now that we see them clearly to be triumphant verities1 living and everlasting truths1 they ring out like a trumpet call1 summoning and inspiring the living to stronger action4 ,the work continues though the hand that moulded it perishes2 the body dies1 but the soul lives on4 ,there is no sting in the grave when on either side men press forward to one immortal goal and when living and dead battle together for incorruptible principles4 ,whether individually we live or die signifies nothing1 if that high cause for which we fight wins4 ,lord ,kitchener's death will not interfere with the work he had undertaken1 nor shall his passing delay1 but rather shall it hasten the victory to which he looked forward4 ,land and ,water1 ,london1 ,june #h1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,crown ,prince3 ,we must have a higher pile to see ,verdun1 ,father4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,crown ,prince1 after the gigantic effort of his armies1 was confronted with problems more vast1 with a resistance more confident and more efficient1 than those which he had had to face in the opening days of the ,verdun offensive4 ,in three days the ,french had been driven off their first positions along a large portion of the ,verdun front2 over a month later they were still defending with increasing vigour their second line4 ,behind that line lay yet another1 and the prospect of the fall of ,verdun was but faint upon the ,german horizon4 ,the ,french could already count upon victory1 the price of ,verdun having already been exacted in the enemy's blood1 without the position having been captured4 ,that price1 it was said1 had been fixed by the ,imperial ,general ,staff at #bjj1jjj casualties4 ,the ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,this ,,will ,,make ,,william ,,jealous2 ,,it ,,beats ,,his ,,nurse ,,cavell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,signor ,baltisti1 before the war1 was ,deputy for ,trent in the ,austrian ,parliament1 and in that position was a strong advocate of irredentist claims in the ,trentino4 ,when war broke out he joined a ,trentino regiment under the ,italian flag4 ,he was captured by the ,austrians in ,june1 #aiaf1 and executed1 although he wore an ,italian uniform4 ,his corpse was publicly hanged on a gibbet in the city of ,trent4 ,illustration ,,summer ,,time1 #aiaf--;,,five ,,on ,a ,,bench 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,summer of #aiaf saw the ,germans defeated at ,verdun on the ,somme and at ,riga4 ,the ,austrians were defeated in the ,trentino and the ,bukovina4 ,the ,turks continued their retreat in ,asia ,minor and the ,caucasus1 while the ,entente ,allies advanced upon the ,bulgarians from ,saloniki4 ,illustration ,,civilisation3 ,,what ,,is ,,the ,,verdict4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,government has carried on the war in accordance with methods which are even incompatible with everything which has been done hitherto--the violation of ,belgium and ,luxemburg2 the use of poison gases1 which were subsequently used by the other belligerents2 there were ,zeppelin bombs which killed both combatants and noncombatants1 a submarine war on commerce1 the torpedoing of the ,lusitania1 etc42 pillage and extortion of tribute1 beginning with ,belgium2 the internment and imprisonment of the population of the eastern provinces2 various devices for forcing prisoners to work against their own country1 by spying for the ,central ,powers1 thereby committing an act of high treason2 contracts arranged between ,zimmermann and ,sir ,roger ,casement in ,december1 #aiae1 for the formation of armed units of ,english prisoners of war1 for the purpose of forming the ,irish brigade4 ,besides these1 other attempts must be mentioned1 which were made among the foreigners in concentration camps in ,germany1 threatening them with internment unless they betrayed their own countries and placed themselves at ,germany's disposal4 ,,karl ,,liebknecht4 ,june1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,to ,,the ,,end ,war and ,hunger3 ,now you must accompany us to the end4 ,the ,kaiser3 ,yes1 to my end4 ,illustration ,,the ,,confederates ,did they believe that peace story in the ,reichstag1 ,bethmann8 ,yes1 but the ,allies didn't4 99 99 99 99 99 ,germany1 using in turn force when she believes herself strongest and craft when she feels herself growing feebler1 is today resorting to craft4 ,she is spreading abroad the illusive word peace4 ,where does this word come from8 ,to whom has it been spoken8 ,and on what conditions8 ,and to what end8 ,by her ambiguous manoeuvres ,germany reckons on dividing the allied countries4 ,no one among us will fall into such a trap4 ,i have said1 and ,i repeat1 that when blood flows in streams1 when our troops with so much self-sacrifice are giving up their lives1 the word peace is a sacrilege if it means that the aggressor will not be punished and if tomorrow ,europe runs the risk of again being delivered up to the despotism1 fantasy1 and caprice of a military caste athirst for pride and domination4 ,it would be the dishonor of the ,allies6 ,what should our reply be if tomorrow1 after having concluded such a peace1 our countries were dragged anew into the frenzy of armaments8 ,what would future generations say if we committed such an act of folly and if we missed the opportunity which is offered us of establishing on solid foundations a lasting peace8 ,,aristide ,,briand1 ,premier of ,france4 ,june1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,bunkered 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is one of the greatest sources of pride for the ,verdun ,army to have earned the testimony of the great assembly which incarnates and immortalizes the genius of the ,french tongue and the ,french race4 ,the ,army of ,verdun has had the good fortune to answer to the appeal addressed to it by the country4 ,thanks to its heroic tenacity the offensive of the ,allies has already made brilliant progress 444 and the ,germans are not at ,verdun4 ,,general ,,nivelle to the ,french ,army at ,verdun1 ,june1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,we ,,have ,,finished ,,off ,,the ,,russians4 ,wait a moment 99 99 99 99 99 ,,russian ,,offensive1 ,,june1 #aiaf ,the blow which the ,russians have delivered to the ,teutons has been one of the hardest given to any belligerent during the entire war4 ,not even the great ,german drive of last year has had the effect of the ,russian offense of the past six weeks4 ,in this case it is much more than a loss of territory2 it is almost the destruction of an army4 ,russia had vast reserves on which to fall back4 ,austria apparently has none4 ,austria alone of all the belligerents is practically exhausted4 ,only a week ago the ,austrian ,department of ,war endeavored to get the consent of the ,government to call into the military service all men between the ages of #ef and #fj4 ,nothing could show more eloquently the very dire straits into which the ,austrian ,army has fallen4 ,j4 ,b4 ,w4 ,,gardiner4 ,current ,history4 ,illustration ,,the ,,cossacks' ,,song ,,of ,,victory 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,petrograd official communique of ,june #bg1 #aiaf1 stated that the prisoners and trophies captured by the armies of ,general ,brusiloff between ,june #d-bc amounted to #d1jca officers1 #aid1jda men1 #bai guns1 besides #fdd machine-guns1 #aif bomb mortars1 #adf artillery ammunition wagons and #ch searchlights4 ,the enormous importance of the ,russian victories of ,june1 #aiaf1 as a step in the attrition of the enemy forces was patent2 the losses suffered by the enemy on the ,eastern front during those three weeks were about equal to those he had suffered at ,verdun in #acj days of fighting4 ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,captain ,,fryatt 99 99 99 99 99 ,captain ,charles ,fryatt1 master of the ,great ,eastern ,railway's steamer ,brussels1 which was captured by ,german warships on ,june #bc1 #aiaf1 and taken to ,zeebrugge1 was tried by ,german courtmartial at ,bruges1 ,july #bg1 condemned to death by shooting1 and executed immediately4 ,the charge against him was that of attempting to ram the ,german submarine ,u-#cc4 ,his ,majesty's ,government find it difficult to believe that a master of a merchant vessel who1 after ,german submarines adopted the practice of sinking merchant vessels without warning and without regard for the lives of passengers or crew1 took a step which appeared to afford the only chance of saving not only his vessel1 but the lives of all on board1 can have been deliberately shot in cold blood for this action4 ,british ,foreign ,office4 ,illustration ,,before ,,the ,,somme ,william3 ,why are you so heavily bombarding the remains of that 'contemptible little ,british army8 ,prince of ,bavaria3 ,i am afraid the remains are bombarding us4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,german view of the situation at the end of ,june was well shown in a typical article by the military correspondent of the ,berliner ,tageblatt1 ,major ,moraht1 actually published on ,july #a4 ,the writer began by declaring that all the belligerent armies were now at a critical stage4 ,the ,allies had undoubtedly increased the energy and the uniformity of their conduct of war1 and their great resources in money and men and their command of the sea would enable them to do everything possible to hamper ,germany's final victory4 ,the ,british offensive was about to begin1 and without a serious settlement of accounts with ,england on the battlefields in the west the ,germans would not come a step nearer to peace4 ,major ,moraht and the other ,german writers betrayed no sense of the immensity of the coming events1 and it was clear that the ,germans had not begun to dream of the defeats that were about to be inflicted upon them4 ,the ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,the ,,german ,,tango ,from ,east to ,west1 and ,west to ,east1 ,i dance with thee ,illustration ,the ,wolf3 ,is it not time to stop all further bloodshed8 99 99 99 99 99 ,during the early days of ,july1 #aiaf1 a general offensive on the part of the ,allies began4 ,the ,french and ,british armies attacked on the ,somme1 taking many towns and villages and thousands of prisoners4 ,the ,russians continued their victorious advance in the ,bukowina and began a tremendous offensive far north on the ,riga front4 ,the ,italian troops attacked in the ,trentino and captured important fortified ,austrian positions4 ,illustration ,,the ,,deutschland ,,dispatch ,never mind1 ,mr4 ,wilson2 it is only a little ,lusitania blood on the envelope 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,july #ith the ,german ,merchant ,submarine ,deutschland arrived at ,baltimore carrying a cargo of #a1jjj tons of merchandise1 principally dye stuffs4 ,according to a statement by ,captain ,koenig1 commander of the ,deutschland1 she was the first of a number of similar vessels which were being built for the purpose of breaking the ,british blockade of ,germany4 ,it was stated at the time that the captain of the submarine brought a personal letter from the ,german ,emperor to ,president ,wilson4 ,illustration ,,balaam ,,and ,,his ,,ass 99 99 99 99 99 ,what1 ,german people1 is your duty in this hour8 ,the army wants no exhortations4 ,it has fought superhumanly4 ,it will fight until final victory4 ,but the people at home--this is their duty3 ,to suffer in silence1 to bear their renunciations with dignity4 ,,the ,,kaiser1 ,july1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,team ,,work 99 99 99 99 99 ,the great armies recruited and trained by ,lord ,kitchener1 with the mountains of munitions piled up by ,lloyd ,george1 have become a tremendous weapon in the skilled hands of ,general ,sir ,douglas ,haig2 and they are supported on the right by a ,french army under ,general ,foch that has shown itself more than able to keep pace with them4 ,it must not be forgotten that the battle of the ,somme is a joint enterprise of close teamwork under the supreme direction of ,general ,joffre4 ,thus far we have heard less of the ,french than of the ,english wing1 but its achievement has been equally brilliant4 ,the ,germans caught between these ,frenchmen and ,peronne1 like those caught between the ,british and ,bapaume1 have resisted to the limit of human endurance1 but nothing human could survive the awful blasting of high explosives to which their first and second trench lines were subjected2 and the ,allies now have the shells and the men to keep up the pressure indefinitely4 ,current ,history1 ,new ,york1 ,july1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,i ,hope1 ,my ,dear ,friends and ,allies1 ,that ,i ,have ,been ,able to ,make ,you ,feel ,happy and ,confident ,again4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the battle is raging1 huge beyond all previous imagination4 ,rejuvenated1 perfectly equipped with all they want1 ,russia's armies again have broken against our bulwarks in the east4 ,france has experienced a regeneration in this war of which she hardly believed herself capable4 ,she has dragged her dilatory ,english ,ally into joining the offensive on the ,somme1 and whatever inward worth the ,british army has it now has an abundance of artillery4 ,,the ,,kaiser1 ,july1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,another ,,nail ,,in ,,hindenburg 7,in #aiae a gigantic statue of wood was erected in ,berlin to ,hindenburg7 99 99 99 99 99 ,the problem implied in the second phase of the great ,russian offensive of #aiaf had been solved completely in favour of our ,allies4 ,the enemy had abandoned his entire front south of the ,marshes1 having lost in ten weeks' fighting 7,may1 ,june1 ,july7 in prisoners alone well over #cjj1jjj men4 ,the total casualties suffered by him in that campaign almost equalled the original strength of his armies between the ,pripet ,marshes and the ,carpathian ,mountains4 ,the ,times ,history of the ,war4 ,illustration ,,seems ,,to ,,be ,,neutral3 ,,sink ,,him6 99 99 99 99 99 ,the freedom of the sea means to ,germany that the ,german ,navy is to behave at sea as the ,german ,army behaves on land4 ,it means that neither enemy civilians nor neutrals may possess rights against militant ,germany2 that those who do not resist will be drowned1 and those who do will be shot4 ,already #bdd neutral merchantmen have been sunk in defiance of law and humanity1 and the number daily grows4 ,mankind1 with the experience of two years of war behind it1 has made up its mind about ,german culture4 ,it is not1 ,i think1 without material for forming a judgment about ,german freedom4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,balfour1 ,first ,lord of the ,admiralty4 ,july1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,,now ,,also ,,the ,,axe ,,is ,,laid ,,unto ,,the ,,root ,,of ,,the ,,tree 99 99 99 99 99 ,as the second year of the war drew to its close important gains were made by the ,allied ,armies on all fronts4 ,on the ,somme the ,british occupied ,mameton ,wood1 ,trones ,wood1 and the villages of ,ovillers-la-,boiselle1 ,longueval1 ,podieres4 ,the ,french advanced on a front of #aj-a_/b miles and captured the ,german positions from ,estrees to ,vermando-,villers4 ,on the ,eastern ,front1 the ,russians crossed the ,carpathians in the south and pierced ,hindenburg's ,riga line at several points4 ,on the ,isonzo the ,italians began a great drive towards ,gorizia4 ,illustration ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,france ,france is dying4--,hindenburg 99 99 99 99 99 ,this year has been so full of a glory so pure that it will forever illumine the human race4 ,it has been a year in which ,france1 the ,france of ,joan of ,arc and ,valmy1 has risen1 if possible1 to even greater heights4 ,be the war of short or long duration1 ,france accepts it4 ,the country is summoning its genius and changing its methods4 ,each ,french soldier before the enemy repeats the words of ,joan of ,arc1 ,you can enchain me1 but you cannot enchain the fortunes of ,france4 ,,paul ,,deschanel1 ,president of ,french ,chamber of ,deputies4 ,illustration ,,before ,,the ,,fall ,illustration ,europe3 ,am ,i not yet sufficiently civilised8 99 99 99 99 99 ,direct ,losses of ,human ,life ,during ,two ,years of ,war ,dead ,wounded ,dead and ,invalids ,wounded ,austria-,h'gry #gah1jjj #a1ggg1jjj #b1die1jjj #ecc1jjj ,belgium #ej1jjj #aaj1jjj #afj1jjj #cc1jjj ,bulgaria #be1jjj #fj1jjj #he1jjj #ah1jjj ,england #bje1jjj #eab1jjj #gag1jjj #aed1cjj ,france #hhe1jjj #b1aae1jjj #c1jjj1jjj #fcd1jjj ,germany #hhe1ejj #b1aaf1cjj #c1jja1hjj #fcd1ijj ,italy #aje1jjj #bde1jjj #cej1jjj #gc1ejj ,russia #a1dih1jjj #c1hbj1jjj #e1cah1jjj #a1adf1jjj ,serbia #aaj1jjj #adj1jjj #bej1jjj #db1jjj ,turkey #aej1jjj #cej1jjj #ejj1jjj #aje1jjj --------- ---------- ---------- --------- ,total #d1fca1ejj #aa1bde1cjj #ae1hgf1hjj #c1cgc1gjj ,from a ,danish ,estimate published by the ,war ,study ,society of ,copenhagen4 ,illustration