,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,bold text is d5ot$ by equal signs4 ,v>iations 9 punctuation 7inconsi/5t full-/ops & capitalisation7 h be5 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication4 ,! foll[+ lett]s are n f\nd 9 ,lat9-#a & are ?us m>k$3 l ) /roke is m>k$ z l- "* ) ogonek is m>k$ z "*7 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,d\glas ,mc,kay1 ,secret>y ,,bureau ,,( ,,indian ,,affairs ,gl5n ,l4 ,emmons1 ,commission] ,,bran* ,,( ,,education ,hildeg>d ,?ompson1 ,*ief ,s+le ,copy ,price #bj c5ts ,pho5ix ,indian ,s*ool ,pr9t ,%op ,pho5ix1 ,arizona ,?ird ,edition #e1jjj copies--,septemb] #aiec ,little ,man's family d9 yzh ba'l-*n pre-prim] ,illu/ration by ,j4 ,b4 ,eno*s illu/rat$ by ,g]ald ,nailor ,,bureau ,,( ,,indian ,,affairs ,,=eword ,?is pre-prim] is "o ( ?ree little books bas$ on mat]ial prep>$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,eno*s1 :o once taught 9 ! sanit>ium s*ool at ,kay5ta4 ,x deals entirely ) typical life exp]i5ces among ! ,navaho1 ! l>ge/ ,indian tribe 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 numb]+ approximately #fe1jjj4 ,n9e out ( t5 ,navahos d n speak ,engli%1 & ! tribe has nev] _h a writt5 language4 ,mission>ies & sci5ti/s = _m ye>s h _h alphabets ) :i* to record ?is difficult language4 ,b ^! alphabets h usually includ$ lett]s n f\nd 9 ,engli%1 & h be5 pepp]$ ) diacritical m>ks to indicate inflection1 tonal *ange & nasalization4 ,?us !y prov$ too complicat$ = popul> use4 ,space does n p]mit m5tion ( _m :o h work$ ) ! ,navaho language4 ,f9ally ,dr4 ,john ,h>r+ton1 ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 & ,mr4 ,oliv] ,la,farge1 au?or & l+ui/1 collaborat$ to produce a simplifi$ alphabet :i* might be writt5 ) an ord9>y typewrit]4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,w4 ,"y1 associate ( ,dr4 ,h>r+ton1 exp]im5tally record$ a great deal ( mat]ial 9 ?is new alphabet4 ,! ,navaho portions ( lat] pamphlets 9 ?is bi-l+ual s]ies are ! jo9t "w ( ,h>r+ton & ,"y4 ,little ,man's ,family has be5 express$ 9 ,navaho1 us+ ! ,h>r+ton-,la,farge alphabet1 by ,willetto ,antonio1 a ,navaho tea*] on ! res]vation1 & ,dr4 ,edw>d ,k5n>d1 =m]ly a speciali/ 9 ,indian languages = ! ,indian ,s]vice4 ,bo? ! record+s & ! int]pretation 9 ^! books h be5 *eck$ by ,*ic ,s&oval1 ,h[>d ,gorman1 & ,adolph ,bitanny1 ,navaho int]pret]s1 & by ,rob]t ,w4 ,"y4 ,back pages conta9 an explanation ( ! s\nd values repres5t$ by ! alphabet1 & ! indications ( tonal *ange & nasalization :i* are us$4 ,^! bi-l+ual texts are an attempt to spe$ up ,indian und]/&+ ( mod]n life4 ,use ( native languages to spe$ up acquisition ( ,engli% 9 ,f$]al s*ools is a new dep>ture 9 ,indian policy1 :i* has prov$ v successful4 ,! type us$ = ^! books has be5 select$ because ( its simil>ity 9 design to ! alphabet us$ = manuscript writ+4 ,9 ! prim]s1 only prop] names & ! pron\n ,i h to be capitaliz$1 s z to fur!r m9imize ! new le>n+s (t5 enc\nt]$ by ! prim>y *ild :5 fac$ ) sev]al diff]5t alphabets at once4 ,will>d ,w4 ,beatty ,revis$ ,febru>y #aiej ,illu/ration ,i am a ,navaho boy4 d9 'a%kii ni%l-74 ,illu/ration my "m %im ,illu/ration my fa!r %izh' ,illu/ration my baby bro!r 'aw' sitsil ,illu/ration our baby's cradle nihe'aw' bits'l ,illu/ration my big si/] %d ,illu/ration my little si/] %ideezh ,illu/ration our hogan nihighan ,illu/ration my fa!r made our hogan %izh' nihighan 'yiilaa4 ,illu/ration our swea?\se nihit*h ,illu/ration ! soapwe$ plant ts'szi' ,illu/ration we wa% our hair nihitsii' tanndeiigis ,illu/ration our %eep nihidib ,illu/ration our goats nihitl-'z ,illu/ration our corral nihidib bighan ,illu/ration our horses nihil77' ,illu/ration our wagon nihits9aaba7a7s ,illu/ration my "m's saddle %im bil77' biyl ,illu/ration my fa!r's saddle %izh' bil77' biyl ,illu/ration my little spott$ pony %il'yzh l-ikizh ,illu/ration my black dog %il*a7a7%zhi9 ,illu/ration my "m's loom %im bidah'ii/l-'7 ,illu/ration my "m cleans ! wool4 %im 'aghaa' ha%t'eilh ,illu/ration my "m c>ds ! wool4 %im 'aghaa' haninil-*a'4 ,illu/ration my "m sp9s ! wool %im 'aghaa' haninil-dis4 ,illu/ration my "m weaves a rug4 %im diyog yitl-'4 ,illu/ration my si/]s help my "m4 %d d %ideezh %im yk 'anhi'nil*h4 ,illu/ration we sell ! rug4 diyog n9dahiilnih4 ,,! ,,navaho ,,alphabet ,! foll[+ in=mation ) reg>d to ! ,navaho alphabet & its use %\ld prove helpful to "o famili> ) ! ,engli% language4 ,,v[els ,! v[els h cont95tal values4 ,!y are z foll[s1 ! fir/ example be+ a ,navaho ^w1 ! second ! close/ approximation to ! s\nd 9 an ,engli% ^w3 a gad 7junip]7 fa!r e k 7%oe7 met i sis 7belt7 or z 9 sit or z 9 di%h 7,i'm />t+7 pique o doo 7n7 note ,v[els may be ei!r long or %ort 9 duration1 ! long v[el be+ indicat$ by a d\bl+ ( ! lett]4 ,?is nev] affects ! quality ( ! v[el1 except t long i is always pron\nc$ z 9 pique4 sis 7belt7 is %ort siziiz 7my belt7 is long ,v[els ) a hook b5ea? ! lett] are nasaliz$4 ,t is1 "s ( ! brea? passes ?r\gh ! nose 9 _! production4 ,aft] n1 all v[els are nasaliz$ & are n m>k$4 ts9aaba7a7s 7wagon7 j7 7day7 k77 7"h7 ,,diph?ongs ,! diph?ongs are z foll[s3 ai hai 7w9t]7 aisle ei s 7s&7 weigh oi 'ay 7v7 ,joey ,! diph?ongs oi 7z 9 ,joey7 w frequ5tly be he>d z ui 7z 9 dewy7 9 c]ta9 sections ( ! res]vation4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce ! relat$ ^w ay is always ( "o value1 ?is spell+ has be5 /&>diz$4 ,9 a simil> way1 ! diph?ongs ei & ai are n univ]sally di/+ui%$4 ,= example1 ! ^w = s&1 s w be pron\nc$ s by "s ,navahos4 ,,consonants ,! consonants are z foll[s3 b b 7= him7 l p 9 spot d d 7?is7 l t 9 /op g gah 7rabbit7 l k 9 sky ,^! s\nds are n truly voic$ z are ! s\nds repres5t$ by ^! lett]s 9 ,engli%1 b are l ! :olly unaspirat$ p1 t1 & k 9 ! ,engli% words giv5 z examples4 t t 7wat]7 tea k k 7%oe7 kit ,! t & k 9 ,navaho are mu* m heavily aspirat$ ?an 9 ! ,engli% words giv5 9 ! examples1 s t ! aspiration has a h>% fricative quality4 ' glottal /op y't'h 7x is good7 unh unh1 oh oh ,9 ! ,am]ican colloquial negative unh unh1 & 9 ! exclamatory expression oh oh1 ! glottal /op prec$es ! u & ! o respectively4 ,or1 9 actual spee*1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,johnny e>ns & ,johnny ye>ns1 is t ! =m] has a glottal closure betwe5 ! two words4 t' y't'h 7x is good7 ,?is lett] repres5ts ! s\nd produc$ by ! almo/ simultane\s release ( ! brea? f ! closure =m$ by ! tip ( ! tongue & ! tee? & ! glottal closure describ$ previ\sly4 k' k'ad 7n[7 ,?is s\nd is produc$ 9 ! same way z ! t'1 except t ! k closure is =m$ by ! back ( ! tongue & ! s(t palate4 m ms 7cat7 man n naad77' 7corn7 no s sis 7belt7 s % %a% 7be>7 %e z zas 7sn[7 zebra zh 'zhi' 7"n7 azure l laanaa 7w\ld t7 let l- l-id 7smoke7 ,?is s\nd is made ) ! tongue 9 exactly ! same position z 9 ! ord9>y l1 b ! voice box or l>ynx does n function4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two l's is ! same z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! b & p1 d & t1 or s & z4 ,if "o attempts to pron\nce ? z 9 ?9 foll[$ by l )\t an int]v5+ v[el a l- is produc$4 ,?us a?l-ete4 h hadi 7:]e7 hot ,9 ,navaho !re are two s\nds repres5t$ by ! lett] h4 ,! diff]5ce is 9 ! int5sity or fricativ5ess4 ,:]e h is ! fir/ lett] 9 a syllable x is by "s pron\nc$ l ! * ( ,g]man4 ,?is h>% pronunciation is ! old]1 b ! y\ng] g5]ation ( ,navahos t5ds to pron\nce ! s\nd mu* z 9 ,engli%4 gh hooghan 7hogan7 ,?is is ! voic$ equival5t ( ! h>%ly pron\nc$ v>iety ( h1 ! function+ ( ! voice be+ ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two s\nds4 j jd 7antelope7 jug ,?is s\nd is an unaspirat$ *1 j z d & g repres5t unaspirat$ t & k4 * *izh 7wood7 *ur* *' *'il 7plant7 ,?is s\nd is produc$ 9 a fa%ion simil> to ! t' & k'1 b ) ! release ( ! brea? f ! * position & f ! glottal closure4 dz dzil- 7m\nta97 adze ts tsa 7awl7 hats ts occurs 9 ! beg9n+ & middle ( ,navaho words1 b only 9 f9al position 9 ,engli%4 ts' ts'9 7bone7 ,?is s\nd is simil> to *'1 except = ! tongue position1 & involves ! release ( ! brea? f ! glottal closure 9 ! same way z ! o!r glottaliz$ s\nds4 dl beeldl 7blanket7 ,! dl is produc$ z "o s\nd1 z gl is 9 ! ^w gl[4 tl- tl-a 7grease7 ,?is s\nd is pron\nc$ z unvoic$ dl4 tl- tl-'z 7goat7 ,?is s\nd involves ! release ( ! brea? f ! t position ( ! tongue tip & tee?1 f ! contact ( ! sides ( ! tongue inside ! back tee? 7normal l position71 & ! glottal closure4 ,x has a m>k$ explosive quality4 ,! s\nd is produc$ z a unit1 z 9 ! gl ( gl[1 cit$ above4 y y 7sky7 y w 'aw' 7baby7 "w ,,palatalization ,,& ,,labialization ,x is to be not$ t ! s\nds repres5t$ by g1 t1 k1 h1 gh1 & *1 ts 7:5 heavily aspirat$7 are palataliz$ be=e e1 i1 & labializ$ be=e o4 ,by ?is x is meant t su* a ^w z k 7%oe7 is pron\nc$ z ?\gh x 7 writt5 ky1 & t 7wat]7 z ?\gh writt5 tw4 ,due to ! nature ( ! gh s\nd1 x practically resolves itself into a w :5 foll[$ by o4 ,?us tlgho% 7soap7 c\ld be writt5 tlwo%1 yi%ghol- 7,i'm runn+7 z yi%wol- etc4 k & h c also be pron\nc$ z kw & hw be=e e1 i1 9 :i* case ! comb9ation is a di/9ct phoneme4 ,9 su* cases ! w mu/ be writt54 ,?us kwe' 7"h71 kwii 7"h71 hwii 7satisfaction7 etc4 ,,tone ,! pres5t sy/em ( writ+ ,navaho employs only "o diacritical to express f\r tonal v>iations4 ,?is is ! acute acc5t m>k 774 ,if a %ort v[el or n1 bo? elem5ts ( a long v[el or a diph?ong are m>k$ ?us ! tone indicat$ is high4 ,if only ! fir/ elem5t ( a long v[el or diph?ong is m>k$ ! tone is fall+ f high1 & if only ! la/ elem5t is m>k$ ! tone is ris+ f l[4 ,:5 a v[el1 diph?ong or n is unm>k$ ! tone is l[4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 l[ & high tone 9 ,navaho is simil> to ! diff]5ce 9 tone ( are y & go+ 9 ! ,engli% "q are y go+8 'azee' 7m$ic9e7 l[ tone 'az' 7m\?7 high tone hadi%8 7:]e87 fall+ tone %naa 7my eld] bro!r7 ris+ tone ,,^w ,,& ,,s5t5ce ,,/ructure ,tea*]s w note t ! possessive pron\ns ( ,navaho are always prefix$ to ! n\n4 ,?us1 we h %im 7my "m71 nim 7y\r "m71 bim 78 "m71 b nev] m4 ,! /em -m has no indep5d5t =m & nev] occurs )\t a prefix4 ,! /ructure ( ! ,navaho v]b has simil> *>act]i/ics1 b is m complex4 ,! subject ( ! s5t5ce is always incorporat$ 9 ! v]b ) a pronom9al =m1 & o!r v]bal elem5ts4 ,ideas ( "t & mode are likewise incorporat$ 9 ! v]b1 & auxili>y v]bs su* z w1 did1 h1 might1 etc4 d n occur 9 ,navaho4 ,! ideas convey$ by ^! indep5d5t words 9 ,engli% are express$ by diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b itself 9 ,navaho4 ,ano!r po9t 9 :i* ,navaho s5t5ce /ructure diff]s f ,engli% is t ,engli% prepositions are po/positions 9 ,navaho4 ) my eld] si/] %d bil- 7my eld] si/]1 ) h]7 = my "m %im b 7my "m =7 :]eas normal ^w ord] 9 ,engli% is subject1 v]b1 & object1 ,navaho has subject1 object1 & v]b4 ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,bureau ,,( ,,indian ,,affairs ,,indian ,,life ,,read]s ,,navajo ,,s]ies 7bil+ual 9 ,engli% & ,navajo7 by ,j4 ,b4 ,eno*s1 illu/rat$ by ,g]ald ,nailor ,little ,man's family4 preprim]1 prim] & read] by ,hildeg>d ,?ompson1 illu/rat$ by ,van ,tsihnahj9nie ,preprim]1 ,prim] ,coyote ,tales 7read]7 by ,ann ,cl>k1 illu/rat$ by ,hoke ,d5etsosie ,:o ,wants to be a ,prairie ,dog8 7,a ,navajo fairy tale7 by ,ann ,cl>k1 illu/rat$ by ,van ,tsihnahj9nie ,little ,h]d] 9 ,autumn1 9 ,w9t] 7s+le volume7 ,little ,h]d] 9 ,spr+1 9 ,summ] 7s+le volume7 ,9 ,engli% only3 ,little ,navajo ,h]d] 7,autumn1 ,w9t]1 ,spr+1 ,summ]7 by ,cecil ,s4 ,k+1 ,navajo ,new ,_w ,read]s3 #a4 ,away to ,s*ool4 ,illu/rat$ by ,frankl9 ,kahn #b4 ,! ,flag ( ,my ,c\ntry4 ,illu/rat$ by ,h5ry ,bahe 7,mat]ial ( mature concept & simple vocabul>y = use by rec5tly non-,engli%-speak+ adolesc5ts47 ,,si\x ,,s]ies 79 ,engli% & ,dakota7 by ,ann ,cl>k1 illu/rat$ by ,&rew ,/&+ ,soldi] ,si\x ,c[boy 7preprim]7 ,! ,p9e ,ridge ,porcup9e ,! ,grass ,m\nta9 ,m\se ,!re ,/ill are ,buffalo ,br+] ( ! ,my/]y ,dog 7illu/rat$ by ,osc> ,h[e7 ,brave ,aga9/ ! ,enemy 7photographic illu/rations by ,hel5 ,po/7 ,s++ ,si\x ,c[boy 7,prim]7 ,! ,slim ,butte ,raccoon ,! ,h5 ( ,wahpeton ,,pueblo ,,s]ies by ,ann ,cl>k 79 ,engli% & ,spani%7 ,little ,boy ,) ,?ree ,names 7illu/rat$ by ,tonita ,lujan7 ,taos ,"y ,hunt] ( ,picuris 7illu/rat$ by ,vel9o ,h]r]a7 ,sun ,j\rney 7illu/rat$ by ,p]cy ,s&y7 ,zuni by ,edw>d ,a4 ,k5n>d 79 ,engli% & ,hopi7 ,field ,m\se ,goes to ,w> 7illu/rat$ by ,fr$ ,kabotie7 ,little ,hopi 7illu/rat$ by ,*>les ,loloma7 ,,alaska ,,/ories by ,edw>d ,a4 ,kei?ahn1 illu/rat$ by ,george ,a4 ,ahgapuk ,igloo ,tales ,also pamphlets on ,indian ,life & ,cu/oms1 & ,indian ,h&crafts = catalog & price li/ write to ,,haskell ,,in/itute 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,spell+ *anges made3 ,=eword3 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,w4 ,"y1 assocate associate ( ,dr4 ,h>r+ton ,pg #jcd3 ts ocurs occurs 9 ! beg9n+ ,pg #jcd3 f9al position 9 ,engl% ,engli%4 ,pg #jcd3 ,?is h>% pron\nciation pronunciation ,*anges n made - multiple spell+s (3 pre-prim]1 preprim] bi-l+ual1 bil+ual