,libraries47            ,vagabondiana2  
,,or1   ,,anecdotes ,,of   ,,itinerant  
,,traders   ,,through ,,the ,,streets   
,,of   ,,london1   ,,in ,,antient ,,and 
,,modern ,,times4     ,,volume ,,ii4    
,,by   ,,john ,,thomas ,,smith4         
,london3   ,j4 ,b4 ,,nichols ,,and      
,,son4    #ahci4     ,printed by ,j4 ,b4
 ,nichols and ,son1 #be1                
,parliament-street4       ,,the ,,cries 
,,of ,,london3    ,,exhibiting ,,several
 ,,of ,,the   ,,itinerant ,,traders ,,of
 ,,antient ,,and ,,modern ,,times4      
,,copied ,,from ,,rare ,,engravings1    
,,or ,,drawn ,,from ,,the ,,life1       
,,by ,,john ,,thomas ,,smith1   ,,late  
,,keeper ,,of ,,the ,,prints ,,in ,,the 
,,british ,,museum4   ,,with ,a ,,memoir
 ,,and ,,portrait ,,of ,,the ,,author4  
,,london3   ,,john ,,bowyer ,,nichols   
,,and ,,son1 #be1 ,,parliament ,,street4
    #ahci4     ,printed by ,j4 ,b4      
,nichols and ,son1 #be1                 
,parliament-street4     ,,advertisement4
   ,the present work was some years     

since prepared for the press by its late
 ingenious author1 who engraved all the 
plates for it himself1 thirteen of which
 are copied from early prints1 and the  
rest sketched from the life4 ,it will   
easily be perceived how much superior   
the latter are to the former4  ,the     
descriptions of the plates were also    
prepared by ,mr4 ,smith1 and had the    
benefit of revision by the late ,francis
 ,douce1 ,esq4 ,f4,s4,a4  ,these        
spirited etchings having become the     
property of the present ,editor1 they   
are now for the first time submitted to 
the public2 who will1 it is hoped1      
consider this volume an appropriate     
companion to ,mr4 ,smith's              
,vagabondiana2 or1 ,anecdotes of        
,mendicant ,wanderers through the       
,streets of ,london1 which work was     
honoured by a masterly ,introduction    
from the pen of ,mr4 ,douce4  ,the      
,editor has taken the liberty1          
occasionally1 to adapt the letter-press 
to the present day2 but the reader will 

kindly bear in mind that the work was   
written several years since2 and that in
 the interval many changes have taken   
place1 which it was not thought         
necessary to point out4  ,j4 ,b4        
,,nichols4  ,may1 #ahci4     ,,contents1
 ,,and ,,list ,,of ,,plates4            
,page            ,,memoir ,,of ,,the    
,,author1 with a ,portrait              
ix            ,,introduction            
#a    ,plates4 ,,antient ,,trades4      
,i4 ,,watchman1 from a rare woodcut     
temp4 ,james ,i4                #ac     
,,ii4 ,,bellman1 from a work entitled   
,villanies discovered by                
,lanthorne and ,candle ,light           
#ad       ,,iii4 ,,bill-,,man1 from a   
print published by ,overton1 temp4      
,charles ,,ii4                          
#af        ,,iv4 ,,water-,,carrier1 from
 a print published by ,overton          
#ag         ,v4 ,,corpse-,,bearer1 in   
the time of a plague at ,london         
#bj        ,,vi4 ,,hackney-,,coachman1  
from a print published by ,overton      

#be       ,,vii4 ,,jailor1 from a tract1
 entitled ,essayes and ,characters      
of a ,prison and ,prisoners1 by ,geffray
 ,mynshul1 #afch        #bg      ,,viii4
 ,,prison ,,basket-,,man1 from a print  
published by ,overton1           temp4  
,charles ,,ii4                          
#cj        ,,ix4 ,,rat-,,catcher        
#cc         ,x4 ,,marking-,,stones1 from
 a rare woodcut1 temp4 ,james ,i4       
#cg        ,,xi4 ,,buy ,a ,,brush1 ,,or 
,a ,,table ,,book1 from a print         
published           by ,overton         
#ci       ,,xii4 ,,fire-,,screens1 from 
a print published by ,overton           
#db      ,,xiii4 ,,sausages1 from a     
print temp4 ,charles ,,ii4              
#dd     ,,modern ,,traders4       ,,xiv4
 ,,new ,,elegy                          
#dg        ,,xv4 ,,all ,,in ,,full      
,,bloom                                 
#ej       ,,xvi4 ,,old ,,chairs ,,to    
,,mend--,portrait of ,israel ,potter    
#ec      ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,basket ,,or    
,,prickle ,,maker                       

#ee     ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,potter         
#eh       ,,xix4 ,,staffordshire ,,ware 
#fa        ,,xx4 ,,hard ,,metal         
,,spoons--,portrait of ,william ,conway 
#fc       ,,xxi4 ,,dancing ,,dolls      
#fe      ,,xxii4 ,,sprig ,,of           
,,shillelah ,,and ,,shamrock ,,so       
,,green--,portrait           of ,thomas 
,mc,conwick1 the dancing ballad singer  
#fg     ,,xxiii4 ,,gingerbread ,,nuts1  
,,or ,,jack',s ,,last ,,shift--,portrait
 of           ,daniel ,clarey           
#fi      ,,xxiv4 ,,chickweed--,portrait 
of ,george ,smith                       
#gc       ,,xxv4 ,,bilberries           
#ge      ,,xxvi4 ,three female          
,,simplers                              
#gg     ,,xxvii4 ,,washerwoman1         
,,char-,,woman1 and ,,street ,,nurses   
#ha    ,,xxviii4 ,,smithfield           
,,bargains--,saloop                     
#he      ,,xxix4 ,,smithfield-,,pudding 
#hh       ,,xxx4 ,,the                  
,,bladder-,,man--,portrait of ,bernardo 
,millano               #ib              

,,postscript1 by the ,editor            
#if     ,illustration3 ,,john ,,thomas  
,,smith1  ,late ,keeper of the ,prints  
in the ,british ,museum4  ,author of    
,nollekens and his ,times1 ,antient     
,topography1 c4 c4  ,engraved by ,w4    
,skelton1 from an ,original ,drawing by 
,j4 ,jackson1 ,esqr4 ,r4,a4  ,published 
by ,j4 ,b4 ,nichols  ,son1 ,may #ast1   
#ahci4     ,,biographical ,,memoir ,,of 
,,the ,,author4   ,john ,thomas ,smith  
was the son of ,nathaniel ,smith1       
sculptor1 and afterwards a well-known   
printseller1 living at ,rembrandt's     
,head1 #ah ,great ,may's-buildings1 ,st4
 ,martin's-lane2 and we have his own    
authority1 written in the album of ,mr4 
,upcott of ,upper ,street1 ,islington1  
for stating1 he was literally born in a 
hackney coach1 ,june #bc1 #agff1 on its 
way from his uncle's old ,ned ,tarr1 a  
wealthy glass-grinder1 of ,great ,earl  
,street1 ,seven ,dials1 to his father's 
house in ,great ,portland-street1       
,oxford ,street2 whilst ,maddox was     

balancing a straw at the ,little        
,theatre in the ,hay ,market1 and       
,marylebone ,gardens re-echoed the      
melodious notes of the famed ,tommy     
,lowe4  ,he was christened ,john1 after 
his grandfather 7a simple ,shropshire   
clothier1 and whose bust was the first  
model publicly exhibited at ,spring     
,gardens71 and ,thomas1 after his great 
uncle ,admiral ,smith1 better known     
under the appellation of ,tom of ,ten   
,thousand 7who died in #agfb71 and of   
whom ,mr4 ,smith had a most excellent   
portrait painted by the celebrated      
,richard ,wilson1 the landscape painter1
 before that artist visited ,rome1 and  
of which there is a good engraving by   
,faber4 ,the original ,painting has     
lately been purchased by an honourable  
,admiral1 to be presented by him to the 
,naval ,gallery at ,greenwich ,hospital4
  ,his father1 ,nathaniel ,smith1 was   
born in ,eltham ,palace1 and was the    
playfellow of ,joseph ,nollekens1 ,r4,a4
 ,they both learned drawing together at 

,william ,shipley's school1 then kept in
 the ,strand1 at the eastern corner of  
,castle-court1 the house where the      
,society of ,arts held its first        
meetings4  ,on the #gth ,august1 #agee1 
,nathaniel ,smith was placed with       
,roubiliac1 and had the honour of       
working with him on some of the         
monuments in ,westminster ,abbey2       
,nollekens was put1 in #agej1 under the 
instruction of ,scheemakers4 ,these     
young sculptors1 about #agei and #agfj1 
carried off some of the first and best  
prizes offered by the ,society of ,arts4
 ,smith settled himself in ,great       
,portland-street2 and his friend        
,nollekens in ,mortimer-street1         
,cavendish-square1 where he resided till
 his death4  ,three of the heads of     
,river ,gods that adorn the arches of   
,somerset ,house1 designed by ,cipriani1
 were carved by ,mr4 ,n4 ,smith4 ,many  
proofs of his genius are recorded in the
 ,transactions of the ,society of ,arts4
 ,in #ageh1 for the best model in clay1 

#el4 #es42 in #agei1 for the best       
drawing from a plaster cast1 #el4 #es42 
and for the first best drawing of       
animals1 #cl4 #cs42 in #agfj1 for the   
first best model of animals1 #il4 #is4  
7this model is in the possession of     
,viscount ,maynard72 in #agfa1 for the  
first best model1 in clay1 of the       
,continence of ,scipio1 #ael4 #aes4 7in 
the possession of the ,marquis of       
,rockingham72 in #agfb1 for the first   
best model in clay1 #bal4--the subject1 
,coriolanus supplicated by his ,mother4 
,mr4 ,n4 ,smith died in #ahaa4 ,there is
 a portrait of him1 etched by ,de       
,wilde2 and a small painting on panel by
 the same artist1 is also preserved4    
,three portraits of him by ,howard are  
now in the family2 as is also a fine    
portrait of his sister1 by ,cotes4  ,the
 friendship between ,nollekens and      
,nath4 ,smith naturally introduced young
 ,smith1 the author of this work1 to the
 notice of that celebrated sculptor4    
,whilst a boy1 his intercourse with     

,nollekens was frequent1 who often took 
him to walk with him in various parts of
 ,london1 and seemed to feel a pleasure 
in pointing out curious remains and     
alterations of buildings to his notice1 
as well as shewing him some remarkable  
vestiges of former times4 ,perhaps these
 communications gave the first impetus  
to that love for metropolitan           
antiquities which he continued unabated 
through life4 ,upon the death of his    
mother in #aggi1 young ,smith was       
invited into the studio of ,mr4         
,nollekens1 who had seen and approved of
 some of his attempts in wax-modelling4 
,at that time ,nathaniel ,smith was     
,nollekens's principal assistant2 and   
there his son was employed in making    
drawings from his models of monuments1  
assisting in casting1 and finally1      
though with little talent1 in carving4  
,whilst with ,nollekens1 young ,smith   
often stood to him as a model1 but left 
him after three years4 ,he then became a
 student in the ,royal ,academy1 and was

 celebrated for his pen and ink         
imitations of ,rembrandt and ,ostade's  
etchings2 he copied several of the small
 pictures of ,gainsborough1 by whom he  
was kindly noticed4 ,he afterwards was  
placed by his honoured friend ,dr4      
,hinchliffe1 then ,bishop of            
,peterborough1 as a pupil to ,john      
,keyse ,sherwin1 the celebrated         
engraver2 but appears for a time to have
 given up the burin for the pencil1 and 
was for many years a drawing master1 and
 at one time resided at ,edmonton4 ,at  
the early age of #bb he married the girl
 of his heart1 ,miss ,anne ,maria       
,pickett 7of the respectable family of  
,keighley1 at ,streatham1 in ,surrey71  
who1 after a union of #de years1 was    
left his widow4  ,the name of ,john     
,thomas ,smith will descend to posterity
 connected with the ,topographical      
,history of the ,metropolis4 ,his first 
work1 published in numbers1 was         
entitled1 ,antiquities of ,london and   
its ,environs2 dedicated to ,sir ,james 

,winter ,lake1 ,bart4 ,f4,s4,a42        
containing ,views of ,houses1           
,monuments1 ,statues1 and other curious 
remains of antiquity1 engraved from the 
original subjects1 and from original    
drawings communicated by several members
 of the ,society of ,antiquaries4 ,there
 was no letter-press description of     
these plates2 but under the subjects    
were engraved copious ,remarks1 and     
,references to the ,historical ,works of
 ,pennant1 ,lysons1 ,stow1 ,weever1     
,camden1 and ,maitland4 ,the publication
 commenced in ,january #agia4 ,about    
this period it became the fashion to    
illustrate with prints the pleasant     
,account of ,london1 by ,mr4 ,pennant2  
and ,mr4 ,smith's series of plates was a
 great acquisition to the collector4    
,this work was ten years in progress1   
and finally consisted of twelve numbers 
and ninety-six plates2 for a list of    
them1 see ,upcott's ,bibliographical    
,account of ,english ,topography1 vol4  
ii4 p4 #hhf4  ,in ,june1 #agig1 ,mr4    

,smith published ,remarks on ,rural     
,scenery2 with twenty ,etchings of      
,cottages1 from ,nature2 and some       
,observations and ,precepts relative to 
the ,picturesque4 ,the etchings were    
chiefly of cottages in the neighbourhood
 of the metropolis4  ,in ,june1 #ahjg1  
,mr4 ,smith published ,antiquities of   
,westminster2 the old ,palace2 and ,st4 
,stephen's ,chapel 7now the ,house of   
,commons72 containing #bdf ,engravings  
of ,topographical ,objects1 of which    
#abb no longer remain4 ,this work       
contains copies of ,,mss4 which throw   
new and unexpected light on the ancient 
,history of the ,arts in ,england4 ,this
 history appears to have been determined
 on in the year #ahjj3 when1 on occasion
 of the ,union with ,ireland1 it        
becoming necessary to remove the        
wainscotting for the enlargement of the 
,house of ,commons1 some very curious   
paintings were discovered on the #aath  
of ,august in that year4 ,the next day  
,dr4 ,charles ,gower and ,mr4 ,smith    

visited the paintings3 when the latter  
immediately determined to publish       
engravings from them2 and on the #adth1 
permission having been obtained1 ,mr4   
,smith commenced his drawings4 ,it was  
his custom to go there as soon as it was
 light1 and to work till nine o'clock in
 the morning1 when he was obliged to    
give way to the workmen1 who often      
followed him so close in their          
operations1 as to remove1 in the course 
of the day on which he had made his     
sketch1 the painting which he had been  
employed in copying that very morning4  
,six weeks1 day by day1 was ,mr4 ,smith 
thus occupied in making drawings and    
memoranda from the pictures themselves1 
scrupulously matching the tint of the   
different colours on the spot4 ,on the  
#bfth of ,september1 the permission     
which had been granted to him was       
withdrawn 7on ,mr4 ,robert ,smirke1 the 
more favoured draughtsman1 undertaking  
to make drawings for the ,society of    
,antiquaries72 but fortunately by that  

time ,mr4 ,smith had completed details  
of every thing he wished4 ,an opinion   
having been entertained that ,mr4       
,smith's work was intended as a rival to
 the one published by the ,society of   
,antiquaries1 from ,mr4 ,smirke's       
drawings1 the transaction was explained 
in some letters to the ,gentleman's     
,magazine from ,mr4 ,j4 ,sidney         
,hawkins1 ,mr4 ,smith1 and ,mr4 ,smirke4
 ,see vol4 ,,lxxiii4 pp4 #cb1 #aah1     
#bjd1 #cah1 #dbc4  ,the description of  
the ,plates was begun by ,john ,sidney  
,hawkins1 ,esq4 ,f4,s4,a41 who wrote the
 preface and the first #add pages1      
besides other portions1 as enumerated in
 ,mr4 ,smith's advertisement to the     
volume2 but an unfortunate dispute      
arising between these gentlemen 7a      
circumstance much to be regretted7 the  
work was completed by the latter4 ,mr4  
,hawkins wrote and published a pamphlet 
in answer to ,mr4 ,smith's ,preface2    
this produced a ,vindication1 in reply1 
which is occasionally to be found bound 

at the end of the volume4 ,before this  
,vindication was published1 a fire at   
,mr4 ,bensley's printing office         
destroyed #djj remaining copies of the  
work1 with #e1fjj prints1 #bjjj of which
 were coloured and elaborately gilt by  
,mr4 ,smith and his wife4 ,by this fire 
,mr4 ,smith sustained a severe loss     
7estimated at ,l#c1jjj7 as the work was 
his entire property1 having been        
published at his sole expense1 aided by 
an unusually liberal subscription2 ,mr4 
,hawkins having no further interest or  
concern in it than furnishing           
gratuitously the greater portion of the 
descriptions4 ,mr4 ,smith afterwards    
published ,sixty-two additional ,plates 
to his ,antiquities of ,westminster2#a  
but without any description1 or even a  
list of them2 for which however see     
,upcott's ,account of ,english          
,topography1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hci4  ,the    
,antiquities of ,london1 c4 was followed
 by another work on the same subject1 in
 a larger and more splendid quarto1     

entitled1 ,ancient ,topography of       
,london1 embracing specimens of sacred1 
public and domestic ,architecture1 from 
the earliest period to the time of the  
great ,fire1 #afff4 ,drawn and etched by
 ,john ,thomas ,smith1 intended as an   
,accompaniment to the celebrated        
,histories of ,stow1 ,pennant1 and      
others4 ,this work was begun in ,october
 #ahaj1 and completed in #ahae1 when the
 title was altered as follows3 ,ancient 
,topography of ,london2 containing not  
only ,views of ,buildings which in many 
instances no longer exist1 and for the  
most part were never before published1  
but some ,account of ,places and        
,customs either unknown or overlooked by
 the ,london ,historians4 ,he was       
assisted in the descriptions by ,francis
 ,douce1 ,esq4 ,f4,s4,a4 and other      
friends4 ,this volume consists of #cb   
,plates1 boldly and masterly etched by  
,mr4 ,smith1 much in the style of       
,piranesi1 and explained in #hb pages of
 letter-press4 ,to the subscribers ,mr4 

,smith intimated his intention to extend
 his work to #ajj pages1 with several   
other plates2 but this was never        
executed2 he at the same time solicited 
communications for his intended ,account
 of the ,parish of ,st4 ,paul1 ,covent  
,garden4 ,the ,manuscript is still      
possessed by his widow4  ,mr4 ,smith    
happily escaped the necessity and       
drudgery of continuing his labours as an
 artist1 being appointed in #ahaf1      
,keeper of the ,prints and ,drawings in 
the ,british ,museum4  ,in #ahag he     
published ,vagabondiana2 or1 ,anecdotes 
of ,mendicant ,wanderers through the    
,streets of ,london2 with ,portraits of 
the most remarkable1 drawn from the     
life2 preceded by a masterly            
introduction1 from the pen of ,francis  
,douce1 ,esq4 ,the present ,volume1     
which was prepared for the press by ,mr4
 ,smith1 but never before published1 may
 be considered as a continuation of the 
same subject4  ,in #ahbh ,mr4 ,smith    
published two volumes1 entitled1        

,nollekens and his ,times2 comprehending
 a ,life of that celebrated ,sculptor2  
and ,memoirs of several contemporary    
,artists1 from the time of ,roubiliac1  
,hogarth1 and ,reynolds1 to that of     
,fuseli1 ,flaxman1 and ,blake1 #b vols4 
#hvo4 ,these volumes abound with        
anecdotes of his venerable master1 his  
wife1 and their connexions1 and of many 
of the artists of the last century4 ,the
 publication passed through two         
editions4#b  ,mr4 ,smith had been       
employed on a work1 which he intended to
 call ,walks through ,london2 and in    
which he was to describe the            
,residences1 with anecdotes of eminent  
persons4 ,he announced a ,history of his
 own ,life and ,times1 the materials for
 which have been purchased by ,mr4      
,bentley4 ,he had also at one time a    
very extensive and curious illustrated  
series of the ,royal ,academy           
,catalogues4 ,the greater part of his   
collection of ,autographs and ,letters  
was purchased a few years since by ,mr4 

,upcott2 and it is believed others were 
sold by ,mr4 ,christie4 ,his remaining  
collection of pictures1 books1 models1  
and casts in terra-cotta and plaster1   
were sold at his house1 #bb1            
,university-street1 ,tottenham ,court   
,road1 on ,tuesday the #bc;d of ,april1 
#ahcc4  ,mr4 ,smith was very generally  
known1 both from the importance of his  
publications and the public situation he
 held at the ,british ,museum1 where he 
evinced much cordiality of disposition4 
,many an instance might be mentioned of 
his charitable and friendly assistance  
to young artists who sought his advice4 
,he had good judgment to discover merit 
where it existed1 inherent good feeling 
to encourage it in a deserving object1  
and sufficient candour to deter from the
 pursuit where he found there was no    
indication of talent4 ,in short1 he was 
a very warm and sincere friend2 and has 
been greatly regretted by many who had  
enjoyed his good-humoured conversation  
and ever amusing fund of anecdote2 more 

particularly by the frequenters of the  
print-room of the ,museum1 where his    
unremitting attentions ensured for him  
the regard and respect of some of the   
first characters of the country4  ,in   
,mr4 ,upcott's album he wrote a playful 
account of himself1 in which is the     
following paragraph4 ,i can boast of    
seven events1 some of which great men   
would be proud of4 ,i received a kiss   
when a boy from the beautiful ,mrs4     
,robinson1--was patted on the head by   
,dr4 ,johnson1--have frequently held    
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's                
spectacles1--partook of a pot of porter 
with an elephant1--saved ,lady ,hamilton
 from falling when the melancholy news  
arrived of ,lord ,nelson's death1--three
 times conversed with ,king ,george the 
,third1--and was shut up in a room with 
,mr4 ,kean's lion4#c  ,mr4 ,smith's last
 illness1 an inflammation of the lungs1 
was but of one week's duration4 ,he was 
fully conscious of his approaching      
dissolution1 and died in the possession 

of all his faculties1 surrounded by his 
family1 on the #hth of ,march #ahcc1 at 
,no4 #bb1 ,university ,street1          
,tottenham ,court ,road4 ,he was        
privately interred on the #afth in the  
burial ground of ,st4 ,george's ,chapel1
 near ,tyburn ,turnpike1 attended to the
 grave by a few old friends and brother 
artists4  ,besides his widow ,mr4 ,smith
 left one son1 who died at the ,cape of 
,good ,hope three months after his      
father2 and two daughters2 one of whom  
is married to ,mr4 ,smith1 the sculptor2
 the other to ,mr4 ,fischer1 the        
miniature-painter1 a native of ,hanover4
  ,of ,mr4 ,smith there is a            
three-quarters portrait by ,j4 ,jackson1
 ,r4,a42 and also a drawing of him by   
the same artist1 from which the         
engraving given in this work1 by        
,skelton1 is copied4  ,j4 ,b4 ,,nichols4
     ,,introduction4   ,there are few   
subjects1 perhaps1 so eagerly attended  
to by the young as those related by     
their venerable parents when assembled  

round the fire-side1 but more           
particularly descriptions of the customs
 and habits of ancient times4 ,now as   
the ,cries of ,london are sometimes the 
topic of conversation1 the author of the
 present work is not without the hope of
 finding1 amongst the more aged as well 
as juvenile readers1 many to whom it may
 prove acceptable1 inasmuch as it not   
only exhibits several ,itinerant        
,traders and other persons of various   
callings of the present day1 but some of
 those of former times1 collected from  
engravings executed in the reigns of    
,james ,i41 ,charles ,i4 and during the 
,usurpation of ,oliver ,cromwell1 and   
which1 on account of their extreme      
rarity1 are seldom to be seen but in the
 most curious and expensive             
,collections4  ,in the perusal of this  
volume the collector of ,english        
,costume1 as well as the ,biographer1   
may find something to his purpose1      
particularly in the old dresses1 as it  
was the custom for our forefathers to   

wear habits peculiar to their station1  
and not1 as in the present times1 when a
 linen-draper's apprentice1 or a        
gentleman's butler1 may1 in the boxes of
 the theatre1 by means of his dress1 and
 previously to uttering a word1 be      
mistaken for the man of fashion4  ,of   
all the itinerant callings the          
,watchman1 the ,water ,carrier1 the     
,vender of ,milk1 the ,town ,crier1 and 
the ,pedlar1 are most probably of the   
highest antiquity4  ,when the ,suburbs  
of ,london were infested with wolves and
 other depredators1 and the country at  
large in a perpetual state of warfare1  
it was found expedient for the          
inhabitants to protect themselves1 and  
for that purpose they surrounded their  
city by a wall1 and according to the    
most ancient custom erected barbicans or
 watch-towers at various distances1     
commanding a view of the country1 so    
that those on guard might see the       
approach of an enemy4 ,this is an       
extremely ancient custom1 as we find in 

the ,second ,book of ,kings1 chapter ix4
 verse #ag1 ,and there stood a watchman 
on the ,tower in ,jezreel4  ,with       
respect to water1 it is natural to      
suppose that before conduits were       
established in ,london1 the inhabitants 
procured it from the ,river ,thames1 and
 that infirm people1 and the more       
opulent citizens1 compensated others for
 the trouble of bringing it4  ,this must
 have also been the practice as to milk1
 in consequence of the farm-houses      
always being situated in the suburbs for
 the purpose of grazing the cattle4     
,stowe1 the historian1 has informed us  
that in his boyish days he had his three
 quarts of milk hot from the cow for his
 halfpenny4  ,the ,water ,carrier will  
be described and delineated in the      
course of this work4  ,as the city      
increased in population1 a ,town ,crier 
became expedient1 so that an article to 
be sold1 or any thing lost1 might be in 
the shortest possible time made known to
 the inhabitants of the remotest        

dwelling4 ,shakspeare has marked the    
character of a ,crier of his time in    
,hamlet1 ,act iii4 scene #b1 ,but if you
 mouth it1 as many of our players do1 ,i
 had as lieve the ,town-crier spoke my  
lines4 ,lazarello de ,tormes1 in the    
very entertaining history of his life1  
describes his having been a ,crier at   
,madrid1 and that by blowing a horn he  
announced the sale of some wine4        
,sometimes the criers of country towns  
afford instances of the grossest        
flattery and ignorance4 ,we have an     
instance in the ,crier of ,cowbridge1   
,glamorganshire1 who1 after announcing  
the loss of an all black cow1 with a    
white face and a white tail1 concluded  
with the usual exclamation of ,god save 
the ,king and the ,lord of the ,manor6  
adding1 and ,master ,billy6 well knowing
 that the ,lord of the ,manor or his    
,lady would remember him for            
recollecting their infant son4  ,it may 
be inferred from an ancient stained     
glass picture of a pedlar with his pack 

at his back1 still to be seen in a      
,south-east window of ,lambeth          
,church1#d a representation of which has
 been given by the author in a work     
entitled1 ,antiquities of ,london1 that 
itinerant trades must have been of long 
standing4  ,it appears from the         
celebrated ,comedy of ,ignoramus1 by    
,george ,ruggle1 performed before ,king 
,james the ,first on ,march the #hth1   
#afad1 of which there is an ,english    
translation by ,robert ,codrington1     
published #affb1 that books were at that
 period daily cried in the streets4  ,in
 the third scene of the second act1     
,cupes the itinerant ,bibliopole        
exclaims1      ,libelli1 belli1 belli2  
lepidi1 novi libelli2 belli1 belli1     
libelli6      ,trico4 ,heus1 libelli    
belli4      ,cupes4 ,o ,trico1 mox tibi 
operam do4 ,ita vivam1 ut pessimi sunt  
libelli4  ,in the time of ,charles ,,ii4
 ballad singers and sellers of small    
books were required to be licensed4     
,john ,clarke1 bookseller1 rented the   

licensing of all ballad-singers of      
,charles ,killigrew1 ,esq4 master of the
 revels1 for five years1 which term     
expired in #afhb4 ,these1 therefore1 are
 to give notice 7saith the latter       
gentleman in the ,london ,gazette7 to   
all ballad-singers1 that they take out  
licenses at the office of the ,revels at
 ,whitehall1 for singing and selling of 
ballads and small books1 according to an
 antient custom4 ,and all persons       
concerned are hereby desired to take    
notice of1 and to suppress1 all         
mountebanks1 rope-dancers1              
prize-players1 ballad-singers1 and such 
as make shew of motions and strange     
sights1 that have not a license in red  
and black letters1 under the hand and   
seal of the said ,charles ,killigrew1   
,esq4 ,master of the ,revels to his     
,majesty2 and in particular1 to suppress
 one ,mr4 ,irish1 ,mr4 ,thomas ,varney1 
and ,thomas ,yeats1 mountebank1 who have
 no license1 that they may be proceeded 
against according to law4  ,the ,gazette

 of ,april #ad1 #afhd1 contains another 
order relative to these licenses3 ,all  
persons concerned are hereby desired to 
take notice of and suppress all         
mountebanks1 rope-dancers1              
ballad-singers1 c4 that have not a      
license from the ,master of his         
,majesty's ,revels 7which1 for this     
present year1 are all printed with black
 letters1 and the ,king's ,arms in red7 
and particularly ,samuel ,rutherford and
 ---- ,irish1 mountebanks1 and ,william 
,bevel and ,richard ,olsworth2 and all  
those that have licenses with red and   
black letters1 are to come to the office
 to change them for licenses as they are
 now altered4  ,the origin of our early 
cries might be ascribed to the parent of
 invention4 ,an industrious man finding 
perhaps his trade running slack1 might  
have ventured abroad with his whole     
stock1 and by making his case known1    
invited his neighbours to purchase2 and 
this mode of vending commodities being  
adopted by others1 probably established 

the custom of itinerant hawkers1 to the 
great and truly serious detriment of    
those housekeepers who contributed to   
support their country by the payment of 
their taxes4 ,an ,act was passed in the 
reign of ,james the ,first1 and is thus 
noticed in a work entitled1 ,legal      
,provisions for the ,poor1 by ,s4 ,c4 of
 the ,inner ,temple1 #agac4 ,all        
,pedlars1 ,petty-chapmen1 ,tinkers1 and 
,glass-men1 per ,statute #ba ,jac4 #bh1 
abroad1 especially if they be unknown1  
or have not a sufficient testimonial1   
and though a man have a certain         
habitation1 yet if he goes about from   
place to place selling small wares1 he  
is punishable by the #ci ,eliz4         
,hawkers and ,pedlars are obliged at    
this time1 in consequence of an ,act    
passed in the reign of ,king ,george the
 ,third1 to take out a license4         
,originally the common necessaries of   
life were only sold in the streets1 but 
we find as early as the reign of        
,elizabeth that cheese-cakes were to be 

had at the small house near the         
,serpentine ,river in ,hyde ,park4 ,it  
is a moated building1 and to this day   
known under the appellation of the      
,queen's ,cheese-cake ,house4#e ,there  
were also other houses for the sale of  
cheese-cakes1 and those at ,hackney and 
,holloway were particularly famous4 ,the
 landlord of the latter employed people 
to cry them about the streets of        
,london2 and within the memory of the   
father of the present writer an old man 
delivered his cry of ,holloway          
,cheese-cakes1 in a tone so whining and 
slovenly1 that most people thought he   
said ,all my teeth ache4 ,indeed among  
persons who have been long accustomed to
 cry the articles they have for sale1 it
 is often impossible to guess at what   
they say4  ,an instance occurs in an old
 woman who has for a length of time sold
 mutton dumplings in the neighbourhood  
of ,gravel ,lane4 ,she may be followed  
for a whole evening1 and all that can be
 conjectured from her utterance is ,hot 

mutton trumpery4  ,in another instance1 
none but those who have heard the man1  
would for a moment believe that his cry 
of ,do you want a brick or brick dust8  
could have been possibly mistaken for   
,do you want a lick on the head8  ,an   
inhabitant of the ,adelphi1 when an     
invalid1 was much annoyed by the peevish
 and lengthened cry of ,venny1          
proceeding every morning and evening    
from a muffin-man whenever he rang his  
bell4  ,many of the old inhabitants of  
,cavendish ,square must recollect the   
mournful manner in which a              
weather-beaten ,hungerford fisherman    
cried his ,large silver ,eels1 live     
,eels4 ,this man's tones were so        
melancholy to the ears of a lady in     
,harley ,street that she allowed the    
fellow five shillings a week to         
discontinue his cry in that             
neighbourhood2 and there is at the      
present time a slip-shod wretch who     
annoys ,portland ,place and its vicinity
 generally twice1 and sometimes three   

times a day1 with what may be strictly  
called the braying of an ass1 and all   
his vociferation is to inform the public
 that he sells water-cresses1 though he 
appears to call ,chick-weed4 ,another   
,stentorian bawler1 and even a greater  
nuisance in the same neighbourhood1     
seems to his unfortunate hearers to deal
 in ,cats'-meat1 though his real cry is 
,cabbage-plants4  ,the witty author of a
 tract entitled1 ,an ,examination of    
certain ,abuses1 ,corruptions1 and      
,enormities1 in the ,city of ,dublin1   
written in the year #agcb1 says1 ,i     
would advise all new comers to look out 
at their garret windows1 and there see  
whether the thing that is cried be      
,tripes or ,flummery1 ,buttermilk or    
,cowheels2 for1 as things are now       
managed1 how is it possible for an      
honest countryman just arrived1 to find 
out what is meant1 for instance1 by the 
following words1 ',muggs1 ,juggs1 and   
,porringers1 up in the ,garret1 and down
 in the ,cellar8' ,i say1 how is it     

possible for a stranger to understand   
that this jargon is meant as an         
invitation to buy a farthing's worth of 
milk for his breakfast or supper8       
,captain ,grose1 in his very            
entertaining little work1 entitled ,an  
,olio1 in which there are many          
interesting anecdotes1 notices several  
perversions of this kind1 particularly  
one of a woman who sold milk4  ,farthing
 mutton pies were made and continued to 
be sold within the memory of persons now
 living at a house which was then called
 the ,farthing ,pie ,house1 in          
,marylebone ,fields1 before the ,new    
,road was made between ,paddington and  
,islington1 and which house remains in  
its original state at the end of ,norton
 ,street1 ,new ,road1 bearing the sign  
of the ,green ,man4  ,hand's ,bun ,house
 at ,chelsea was established about one  
hundred and twenty years since1 and     
probably was the first of its kind4     
,there was also a famous bun-house at   
the time of ,george the ,second in the  

,spa ,fields1 near the ,new ,river      
,head1 on the way to ,islington1 but    
this was long since pulled down to make 
way for the sheep-pens1 the site of     
which is now covered with houses4  ,the 
first notice which the writer has been  
able to obtain of the hot apple-dumpling
 women is in ,ned ,ward's very          
entertaining work1 entitled ,the ,london
 ,spy1 first published in #afih4 ,he    
there states that ,pancakes and ,diddle1
 diddle dumplings ,o6 were then cried in
 ,rosemary ,lane and its vicinity1      
commonly called ,rag ,fair4 ,the        
representation of a dumpling-woman1 in  
the reign of ,queen ,anne1 is given by  
,laroon in his ,cries of ,london1       
published #agaa4f  ,with respect to hot 
potatoes1 they must have been           
considerably more modern1 as there are  
persons now living who declare them to  
have been eaten with great caution1 and 
very rarely admitted to the table4 ,the 
potatoe is a native of ,peru in ,south  
,america2 it has been introduced into   

,england about a century and a half2 the
 ,irish seem to have been the first     
general cultivators of it in the western
 parts of ,europe4  ,rice milk1 furmety1
 and barley-broth were in high request  
at the time of ,hogarth1 about #agdj4   
,boitard1 a ,french artist1 who was in  
,england at that time1 has left us a    
most spirited representation of the     
follies of the day in his print entitled
 ,covent ,garden ,morning ,frolic1 in   
which the barley-broth woman is         
introduced4 ,without detracting from the
 merit of the immortal ,hogarth1 this   
print1 which is extremely rare1 exhibits
 as much humour as any of his wonderful 
productions4 ,a copy of this engraving  
with an explanatory account of the      
portraits which it exhibits1 will be    
given by the author in his              
,topographical ,history of ,covent      
,garden1 a work for which he has been   
collecting materials for upwards of     
thirty years4#g  ,the use of saloop is  
of very recent date4 ,it was brought    

into notice1 and first sold in ,fleet   
,street one hundred years ago1 at the   
house now ,no4 #ajb1 where lines in its 
praise were painted upon a board and    
hung up in the first room from the      
street1 a copy of which will precede a  
print representing a saloop stall1 given
 in this work4  ,formerly strong waters 
were publicly sold in the streets1 but  
since the duty has been laid on spirits1
 and an ,act passed to oblige persons to
 take out a license for dealing in      
liquors1 the custom of hawking such     
commodities has been discontinued4  ,the
 town1 from the vigilance of the        
,police1 has fortunately got rid of a   
set of people called ,duffers1 who stood
 at the corners of streets1 inviting the
 unsuspicious countryman to lay out his 
money in silk handkerchiefs or waistcoat
 pieces1 which they assured him in a    
whisper to have been smuggled4 ,a       
notorious fellow of this class1 who had 
but one eye1 took his stand regularly   
near the gin-shop at the corner of ,hog 

,lane1 ,oxford ,street4 ,the mode       
adopted by such men to draw the ignorant
 higgler into a dark room1 where he was 
generally fleeced1 was by assuring him  
that no one could see them1 and as for a
 glass of old ,tom1 he would pay for    
that himself1 merely for the pleasure of
 shewing his goods4  ,though this custom
 of accosting passengers at the corners 
of streets is very properly done away   
with1 yet the tormenting importunities  
of the barking shopkeeper is still      
permitted1 as all can witness as they   
pass through ,monmouth ,street1         
,rosemary ,lane1 ,houndsditch1 and      
,moorfields4 ,the public were annoyed in
 this way so early as #afbf1 as appears 
from the following passage in ,greene's 
,ghost3 ,there are another sort of      
,prentices1 that when they see a        
gentlewoman or a countriman minded to   
buy any thing1 they will fawne upon     
them1 with cap in hand1 with ',what     
lacke you1 gentlewoman8 what lacke you1 
countriman8 see what you lacke4'        

,illustration3 ,watchman  ,illustration3
 ,bellman  ,billman  ,illustration3     
,watchman   ,,watchman1 ,,bellman1 and  
,,billman4  ,,plates ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4   
,it has been observed in the            
,introduction1 that of all the callings1
 that of the ,watchman is perhaps of the
 highest antiquity2 and as few writers  
can treat on any subject without a      
quotation from honest ,john ,stowe1 the 
following extract is inserted from that 
valuable and venerable author3  ,then   
had yee1 besides the standing watches1  
all in bright harnesse1 in every ward   
and streete of this citie and suburbs1 a
 marching watch that passed thro' the   
principal streets thereof1 to wit1 from 
the ,little ,conduit by ,paule's gate1  
thro' ,west ,cheape1 by the ,stocks1    
thro' ,cornehill1 by ,leadenhall to     
,aldgate1 then backe downe ,fen-church  
,street1 by ,grasse ,church1 about      
,grasse-church ,conduit1 and by ,grasse 
,church ,streete into ,cornehill1 and   
through it into ,cheape again1 and so   

broke up4 ,the whole way ordered for    
this marching watch extended to #cbjj   
taylors yards of assize4 ,for the       
furniture thereof with lights there were
 appointed #gjj cressets1 #ejj of them  
being found by the ,companies1 and the  
other #bjj by the ,chamber of ,london4#h
 ,besides the which lights1 every       
,constable in ,london1 in number more   
then #bdj1 had his cresset2 the charge  
of every cresset was in light two       
shillings and four pence1 and every     
cresset had two men1 one to beare or    
hold it1 another to beare a bagge with  
light1 and to serve it2 so that the     
poore men pertaining to the cressets1   
taking wages1 besides that every one had
 a strawne hat1 with a badge painted1   
and his breakfast in the morning1       
amounted in number to almost #bjjj4 ,the
 marching watch contained in number     
#bjjj men1 part of them being old       
souldiers1 of skill to be captaines1    
lieutenants1 serjeants1 corporals1 c4   
,wiflers1 drummers1 and fifes1 standard 

and ensigne bearers1 sword-players1     
trumpeters on horsebacke1 demilaunces on
 great horses1 gunners with hand-guns1  
or halfe hakes1 archers in coates of    
white fustian1 signed on the breast and 
backe with the armes of the ,city1 their
 bowes bent in their hands1 with sheafes
 of arrowes by their sides1 pikemen in  
bright corslets1 burganets1 c4 holbards1
 the like ,billmen in ,almaine rivets1  
and apernes of mayle1 in great number4#i
  ,mr4 ,douce observes1 that these      
watches were laid down #bj ,henry       
,,viii42 and that the ,chronicles of    
,stow and ,byddel assign the sweating   
sickness as a cause for discontinuing   
the watch4  ,anno #adaf4 ,sir ,henry    
,barton being maiar1 ordained lanthorns 
and lights to be hang'd out on the      
winter evenings1 betwixt ,alhallows and 
,candlemas4  ,mr4 ,warton1 in his notes 
to ,milton's ,poems1 observes1 that     
anciently the ,watchmen who cried the   
hours used the following or the like    
benedictions1 which are to be found in a

 little poem called ,the ,bellman1      
inserted in ,robert ,herrick's          
,hesperides3    ,from noise of          
scare-fires rest ye free1   ,from       
murder1 ,benedicite4   ,from all        
mischances1 that may fright   ,your     
pleasing slumbers in the night2         
,mercie secure ye all1 and keep   ,the  
goblin from ye while ye sleep4 #afdg4   
,the ,first ,plate of the ,watchman1    
introduced in this work1 is copied from 
a rare woodcut sheet-print engraved at  
the time of ,james the ,first1          
consisting of twelve distinct figures of
 trades and callings1 six men and six   
women4 ,under this ,watchman the        
following verses are introduced1 but    
they are evidently of a more modern date
 than that of the woodcut3    ,maids in 
your smocks1 look to your locks1        
,your fire and candle light2   ,for well
 'tis known1 much mischief's done       
,by both in dead of night4   ,your locks
 and fire do not neglect1   ,and so you 
may good rest expect4  ,under another   

,watchman1 in the same set of figures1  
are the following lines1 of the same    
type and orthography as the preceding3  
,a light here1 maids1 hang out your     
light1   ,and see your horns be clear   
and bright1   ,that so your candle clear
 may shine1   ,continuing from six till 
nine2   ,that honest men that walk      
along1   ,may see to pass safe without  
wrong4  ,there were not only ,watchmen1 
but ,bellmen and ,billmen4 ,these people
 were armed with a long bill in case of 
fire1 so that they could1 as the houses 
were mostly of timber1 stop the progress
 of the flames by cutting away          
connections of fuel4  ,of this          
description of men1 the ,second ,plate1 
copied from a rare print prefixed to a  
work1 entitled1 ,villanies discovered by
 ,lanthorne and ,candle-light1#aj by ,t4
 ,deckar1 or ,dekker1 #afaf1 is given as
 a specimen4 ,the ,bellman is stiled    
,the ,childe of ,darkness1 a common     
,night-walker1 a man that had no man to 
waite uppon him1 but onely a dog1 one   

that was a disordered person1 and at    
midnight would beate at men's doores1   
bidding them 7in meere mockerie7 to look
 to their candles when they themselves  
were in their dead sleeps1 and albeit he
 was an officer1 yet he was but of light
 carriage1 being knowne by the name of  
the ,bellman of ,london4  ,in ,strype's 
edition of ,stowe's ,london1 #agef1     
7vol4 ii4 #dhi17 it is observed1 ,add to
 this government of the nightly watches1
 there is belonging to each ward a      
,bellman1 who1 especially in the long   
nights1 goeth thro' the streets and     
lanes1 ringing a bell2 and when his bell
 ceaseth1 he salutes his masters and    
mistresses with some rhimes1 suitable to
 the festivals and seasons of the year2 
and bids them look to their lights4 ,the
 beginning of which custom seems to be  
in the reign of ,queen ,mary1 in        
,january #aeef2 and set up first in     
,cordwainer-street ,ward1 by ,alderman  
,draper1 ,alderman of that ward2 then   
and there1 as ,i find in an old         

,journal1 one began to go all night with
 a bell2 and at every lane's end1 and at
 the ward's end1 gave warning of fire   
and candle1 and to helpe the poor1 and  
pray for the dead4  ,it appears from the
 ,bellman's ,epistle1 prefixed to the   
,london ,bellman1 published in #afdj1   
that he came on at midnight1 and        
remained ringing his bell till the      
rising up of the morning4 ,he says1 ,i  
will wast out mine eies with my candles1
 and watch from midnight till the rising
 up of the morning3 my bell shall ever  
be ringing1 and that faithfull servant  
of mine 7the dog that follows me7 be    
ever biting4  ,leases of houses1 and    
household furniture stuff1 were sold in 
#aefd by an out-cryer and bellman for   
the day1 who retained one farthing in   
the shilling for his pains4  ,the       
friendly ,mr4 ,george ,dyer1 late a     
printseller of ,compton-street1         
presented to the writer a curious sheet 
print containing twelve ,trades and     
,callings1 published by ,overton1       

without date1 but evidently of the time 
of ,charles the ,second1 from which     
engraving the ,third ,plate of a        
,watchman was copied4     ,illustration3
 ,a ,tankard ,bearer                    
,,water-,,carrier4  ,,plate ,,iv4   ,the
 ,conduits of ,london and its environs1 
which were established at an early      
period1 supplied the metropolis with    
water until ,sir ,hugh ,middleton       
brought the ,new ,river from ,amwell to 
,london1 and then the ,conduits         
gradually fell into disuse1 as the ,new 
,river water was by degrees laid on in  
pipes to the principal buildings in the 
,city1 and1 in the course of time1 let  
into private houses4  ,when the above   
,conduits supplied the inhabitants1 they
 either carried their vessels1 or sent  
their servants for the water as they    
wanted it2 but we may suppose that at an
 early period there were a number of men
 who for a fixed sum carried the water  
to the adjoining houses4 ,the first     
delineation the writer has been able to 

discover of a ,water-carrier1 is in     
,hoefnagle's print of ,nonsuch1         
published in the reign of ,queen        
,elizabeth4  ,the next is in the centre 
of that truly-curious and more rare     
sheet wood-cut1 entitled1               
,tittle-,tattle1 which from the dresses 
of the figures must have been engraved  
either in the latter part of the reign  
of ,queen ,elizabeth1 or the beginning  
of that of ,james the ,first4 ,in this  
wood-cut the maid servants are at a     
,conduit1 where they hold their         
tittle-tattle1 while the ,water-carriers
 are busily engaged in filling their    
buckets and conveying them on their     
shoulders to the places of destination4 
,the figure of a ,water-carrier1        
introduced in the ,fourth ,plate1 is    
copied from one of a curious and rare   
set of cries and callings of ,london1   
published by ,overton1 at the ,white    
,horse without ,newgate4 ,the figure    
retains the dress of ,henry the         
,eighth's time2 his cap is similar to   

that usually worn by ,sir ,thomas ,more1
 and also to that given in the portrait 
of ,albert ,durer1 engraved by ,francis 
,stock4 ,it appears by this print1 that 
the tankard was borne upon the shoulder1
 and1 to keep the carrier dry1 two      
towels were fastened over him1 one to   
fall before him1 the other to cover his 
back4 ,his pouch1 in which we are to    
conclude he carried his money1 has been 
thus noticed in a very curious and rare 
tract1 entitled1 ,green's ,ghost1 with  
the merry ,conceits of ,doctor          
,pinch-backe1 published #afbf3 ,to have 
some store of crownes in his purse1     
coacht in a faire trunke flop1 like a   
boulting hutch4  ,ben ,jonson1 in his   
admirable comedy of ,every ,man in his  
,humour1 first performed in #aeih1 has  
made ,cob the water-carrier of the ,old 
,jewry1 at whose house ,captain ,bobadil
 lodges1 a very leading and entertaining
 character4 ,speaking of himself before 
the ,justice1 he says1 ,i dwell1 ,sir1  
at the sign of the ,water-tankard1 hard 

by the ,green ,lattice2 ,i have paid    
scot and lot there many time this       
eighteen years4  ,the first notice which
 the writer has been able to obtain of  
the introduction of the ,new ,river     
water into public buildings in ,london1 
he found in the ,archives of ,old       
,bethlem1 in which it appears1 that on  
the #bfth of ,february1 #afbf1 ,mr4     
,middleton conveyed water into ,bethlem4
 ,this must have been1 according to its 
date1 the old ,bethlem ,hospital that   
stood in ,bishopsgate-street1 near ,st4 
,botolph's ,church1 on the site of the  
streets which are at this time under the
 denomination of ,old ,bethlem2 as the  
building lately taken down in ,london   
,wall1 ,moorfields1 was begun in ,april 
#afge1 and finished in ,july #afgf4 ,it 
should seem therefore that this         
magnificent building1 which had more the
 appearance of a palace than a place of 
confinement1 most substantially built   
with a centre and two wings1 extending  
in length to upwards of #gjj feet1 was  

only one year in building2 a most       
extraordinary instance of manual        
application4  ,in #afih1 when ,cheapside
 ,conduit was no longer used for its    
original purpose1 it became the place of
 call for chimney-sweepers1 who hung up 
their brooms and shovels against it1 and
 there waited for hire4  ,it appears    
that even in #agaa the ,new ,river water
 was not generally let into houses2 for 
in ,laroon's ,cries of ,london1 which   
were published at that time1 there is a 
man with two tubs suspended across his  
shoulders1 according to the present mode
 of carrying milk1 at the foot of which 
plate is engraved ,any ,new ,river      
,water1 water here4#aa                  
,,corps-,,bearer4  ,,plate ,v4   ,of all
 the calamities with which a great city 
is infested1 there can be none so truly 
awful as that of a plague1 when the     
street-doors of the houses that were    
visited with the dreadful pest were     
padlocked up1 and only accessible to the
 surgeons and medical men1 whose        

melancholy duty frequently exposed them 
even to death itself2 and when the      
fronts of the houses were pasted over   
with large bills exhibiting red crosses1
 to denote that in such houses the      
pestilence was raging1 and requesting   
the solitary passenger to pray that the 
,lord might have mercy upon those who   
were confined within4 ,of these bills   
there are many extant in the libraries  
of the curious1 some of which have      
borders engraved on wood1 printed in    
black1 displaying figures of skeletons1 
bones1 and coffins4 ,they also contain  
various recipes for the cure of the     
distemper4 ,the ,lady ,arundell1 and    
other persons of distinction1 published 
their methods for making what was then  
called plague-water1 and which are to be
 found in many of the rare books on     
cookery of the time2 but happily for    
,london1 it has not been visited by this
 affliction since #affe1 a circumstance 
owing probably to the ,great ,fire in   
the succeeding year1 which consumed so  

many old and deplorable buildings1 then 
standing in narrow streets and places so
 confined that it was hardly possible to
 know where any pest would stop4  ,every
 one who inspects ,aggas's ,plan of     
,london1 engraved in the reign of       
,elizabeth1 as well as those published  
subsequently to the rebuilding of the   
,city after the fire1 must acknowledge  
the great improvements as to the houses1
 the widening of the streets1 and the   
free admission of fresh air4 ,it is to  
be hoped1 and indeed we may conclude    
from the very great and daily           
improvements on that most excellent plan
 of widening streets1 that this great   
,city will never again witness such     
visitations4  ,illustration3 ,corpse    
,bearer  ,when the plague was at its    
height1 perhaps nothing could have been 
more silently or solemnly conducted than
 the removal of the dead to the various 
pits round ,london1 that were opened for
 their reception2 and it was the        
business of ,corpse ,bearers1 such as   

the one exhibited in the ,fifth ,plate1 
to give directions to the ,car-men1 who 
went through the ,city with bells1 which
 they rang1 at the same time crying     
,bring out your ,dead4 ,this melancholy 
description may be closed1 by observing 
that many parts of ,london1 particularly
 those leading to the ,courts of        
,westminster1 were so little trodden    
down1 that the grass grew in the middle 
of the streets4 ,few persons would      
believe the truth of the following      
extract3  ,a profligate wretch had taken
 up a new way of thieving 7yet 'tis said
 too much practised in those times71 of 
robbing the dead1 notwithstanding the   
horror that is naturally concomitant4   
,this trade he followed so long1 till he
 furnished a warehouse with the spoils  
of the dead2 and had gotten into his    
possession 7some say7 to the number of a
 thousand winding-sheets4 ,see ,memoirs 
of the ,life and ,death of ,sir         
,edmundbury ,godfrey1 published #afhb4  
,it is remarkable1 and shows the great  

advantage of our ,river ,thames1 that   
during the ,plague of #affe1 according  
to a remark made by ,lord ,clarendon1   
not one house standing upon ,london     
,bridge was visited by the plague4      
,although the subject of ,funerals has  
been so often treated of by various     
authors1 yet the following extracts will
 not1 it is hoped1 be deemed irrelevant 
by the reader4 ,they may serve too as a 
contrast to the confusion and mingling  
of dust which must have taken place     
during the plague1 in the burial of so  
many thousands in so short a space of   
time1 and they may show likewise the    
vanity of human nature4  ,in            
,chamberlain's ,imitation of ,holbein's 
,drawings1 in his ,majesty's collection1
 is the following passage alluding to   
the great care ,lady ,hobye took as to  
the arrangement of her funeral4  ,her   
fondness for those pompous soothings1   
which it was usual at that time for     
grief to accept at the hands of pride1  
scarcely died with her2 for1 a letter is

 extant from her to ,sir ,william       
,dethick1 ,garter ,king of ,arms1       
desiring to know 'what number of        
mourners were due to her calling2 what  
number of waiting women1 pages1 and     
gentlemen ushers2 of chief mourners1    
lords1 and gentlemen2 the manner of her 
hearse1 of the heralds1 and church8' c4 
,this remarkable epistle concludes thus3
 ',good ,mr4 ,garter1 do it exactly1 for
 ,i find forewarnings that bid me       
provide a pick-axe1' c4 ,the time of her
 death is not exactly known1 but it is  
supposed to have been about #aeif4 ,she 
is buried at ,bisham1 with her first    
husband4#ab ,it was this ,lady's        
daughter1 ,elizabeth ,russell1 that was 
said to have died with a pricked finger4
  ,it was usual at funerals to use      
rosemary1 even to the time of ,hogarth1 
who has introduced it in a pewter plate 
on the coffin-lid of the funeral scene  
in his ,harlot's ,progress4 ,shakspeare 
notices it in ,romeo and ,juliet1 ,and  
stick your rosemary on this fair corse4 

,this plant1 says ,mr4 ,douce1 in his   
,illustrations of ,shakspeare and       
,ancient ,manners1 page #baf1 vol4 i4   
was used in various ways at funerals4   
,being an evergreen1 it was regarded as 
an emblem of the soul's immortality4    
,thus in ,cartwright's ,ordinary1 ,act  
#e1 scene #a3    ----------------,if    
there be   ,any so kind as to accompany 
,my body to the earth1 let them not want
   ,for entertainment2 pr'ythee see they
 have   ,a sprig of rosemary dip'd in   
common water1   ,to smell to as they    
walk along the streets4  ,in an obituary
 kept by ,mr4 ,smith1 secondary of one  
of the ,compters1 and preserved among   
the ,sloanian ,,mss4 in the ,british    
,museum1 ,no4 #hhf1 is the following    
entry3 ,jan4 #b1 #afga1 ,mr4 ,cornelius 
,bee1 ,bookseller in ,little ,britain1  
died2 buried ,jan4 #d1 at ,great ,st4   
,bartholomew's1 without a sermon1       
without wine or wafers1 only gloves and 
rosemary4 ,and ,mr4 ,gay1 when          
describing ,blowselinda's funeral1      

records that ,sprigg'd rosemary the lads
 and lasses bore4  ,suicides were buried
 on the north side of the church1 in    
ground purposely unconsecrated4  ,the   
custom of burial observed by that truly 
respectable class of the community      
denominated ,friends1 commonly called   
,quakers1 may be deemed the most        
rational1 as it is conducted with the   
utmost simplicity4  ,the corpse is kept 
the usual time2 it is then put into a   
plain coffin uncovered4 ,afterwards it  
is placed in a plain hearse1 also       
uncovered1 and without feathers2 the    
attendants accompanying the funeral in  
their family carriages1 or hackney      
coaches4 ,the corpse is then placed by  
the side of the grave where sometimes   
they offer a prayer1 or deliver an      
exhortation1 after which the coffin is  
lowered1 the earth put over it1 and thus
 the ceremony closes4 ,should the       
deceased have been a minister1 then the 
corpse on the day of its interment is   
carried into the meeting house1 and     

remains there in the midst of the       
congregation during their meditations4  
,the orthodox members of this society   
never wear any kind of mourning4        
,relatives are never designedly placed  
by each other1 but are buried           
indiscriminately1 as death may visit    
each member4  ,they begin at the left   
hand upper corner1 placing them in rows 
till they have filled the ground to the 
lower right hand corner1 after which    
they commence again as before4 ,they    
make no distinction whatever between    
male and female1 nor young and old1 nor 
have they even so much as a             
coffin-plate4  ,the ,jews bury their    
dead within four and twenty hours1      
adhering to the custom of the ,east1    
where the body would putrify beyond that
 time4 ,the great burial-ground at ,mile
 ,end was made at the sole expense of   
the famous ,moses ,hart1 who1 after     
losing an immense sum in the ,south ,sea
 bubble1 died worth #ejjjl4 per annum4  
,this munificent ,jew also built the    

,dutch ,synagogue in ,duke's-place4 ,the
 squib prints of the day designate      
,moses ,hart by the introduction of the 
,knave of ,hearts4 ,the ,knave of ,clubs
 in the same plate was meant for the    
ancestor of the ,gideon family4 ,the    
,jews bury their poor by a collection   
made at the funerals of the better part 
of the community4 ,several boys go about
 to the mourners and other ,jews        
assembled upon the occasion1 with tin   
boxes padlocked up1 at the top of which 
there is a small slit to admit of the   
contributions1 and every ,jew present1  
however humble his station1 is eager to 
drop in his mite4     ,illustration3    
,hackney ,coachman   ,,hackney          
,,coachman4  ,,plate ,,vi4   ,from the  
writer's extensive knowledge of prints1 
and his intimate acquaintance with the  
various collections in ,england1 he has 
every reason to conclude that the       
original print of a ,hackney ,coachman1 
from which this ,plate has been copied1 
is perhaps the only representation of   

the earliest character of that calling4 
,the print from which it was taken is   
one of a ,set published by ,overton1 at 
the sign of the ,white ,horse without   
,newgate2 and its similarity to the     
figures given by ,francis ,barlow in his
 ,a,esop's ,fables1 and particularly in 
a most curious sheet-print etched by    
that artist1 exhibiting ,charles the    
,second1 the ,duke of ,york1 c4 viewing 
the ,races on ,dorset ,ferry near       
,windsor1 in #afhg1 sufficiently proves 
this ,hackney ,coachman to have been of 
the reign of that monarch4  ,the early  
,hackney ,coachman did not sit upon the 
box as the present drivers do1 but upon 
the horse1 like a postilion2 his whip is
 short for that purpose2 his boots1     
which have large open broad tops1 must  
have been much in his way1 and exposed  
to the weight of the rain4 ,his coat was
 not according to the fashion of the    
present drivers as to the numerous      
capes1 which certainly are most rational
 appendages1 as the shoulders never get 

wet2 the front of the coat has not the  
advantage of the present folding one1 as
 it is single breasted4  ,his hat was   
pretty broad1 and so far he was screened
 from the weather4 ,another convincing  
proof that he rode as a postilion is1   
that his boots are spurred4 ,in that    
truly curious print representing the    
very interesting ,palace of ,nonsuch1   
engraved by ,hoefnagle1 in the reign of 
,queen ,elizabeth1 the coachman who     
drives the royal carriage in which the  
,queen is seated1 is placed on a low    
seat behind the horses1 and has a long  
whip to command those he guides4 ,how   
soon after ,charles the ,second's time  
the ,hackney ,coachmen rode on a box the
 writer has not been able to learn1 but 
in all the prints of ,king ,william's   
time the ,coachmen are represented upon 
the box1 though by no means so high as  
at present2 nor was it the fashion at   
the time of ,queen ,anne to be so       
elevated as to deprive the persons in   
the carriage of the pleasure of looking 

over their shoulders4  ,brewer1 in his  
,beauties of ,middlesex1 observes in a  
note1 that ,it is familiarly said1 that 
,hackney1 on account of its numerous    
respectable inhabitants1 was the first  
place near ,london provided with        
,coaches for hire1 for the accommodation
 of families1 and that thence arises the
 term ,hackney ,coaches4  ,this appears 
quite futile2 the word ,hackney1 as     
applied to a hireling1 is traced to a   
remote ,british origin1 and was         
certainly used in its present sense long
 before that village became conspicuous 
for wealth or population4  ,in #afcg the
 number of ,hackney ,coaches in ,london 
was confined to #ej1 in #afeb to #bjj1  
in #afed to #cjj1 in #affb to #djj1 in  
#afid to #gjj1 in #agaj to #hjj1 in     
#agga to #ajjj1 and in #ahjb to #aajj4  
,in imitation of our ,hackney ,coaches1 
,nicholas ,sauvage introduced the       
,fiacres at ,paris1 in the year #afej4  
,the hammer-cloth is an ornamental      
covering of the coach-box4 ,mr4 ,s4     

,pegge says1 ,the ,coachman formerly    
used to carry a hammer1 pincers1 a few  
nails1 c4 in a leathern pouch hanging to
 his box1 and this cloth was devised for
 the hiding of them from public view4   
,see ,pegge's ,anonymiana1 p4 #aha4  ,it
 is said that the sum of ,l#aejj1       
arising from the duty on ,hackney       
,coaches1 was applied in part of the    
expense in rebuilding ,temple ,bar4     
,illustration3 ,jailor   ,,jailor4      
,,plate ,,vii4   ,those persons who     
remember old ,newgate1 the ,gate ,house 
at ,westminster1 and other places of    
confinement1 will recollect how small   
and inconvenient those buildings were1  
and must acknowledge the very great     
improvements as to the extensive        
accommodation of all our ,prisons1 not  
only in ,london1 but in almost every    
county in ,england2 and for these very  
great improvements no one could have    
stood more forward than the benevolent  
,howard4 ,it is to him the public owe   
extensiveness of building1 separations  

in the prisons for the various          
criminals1 and most liberal supply of   
fresh water4 ,since his time there have 
been few jail distempers1 as the        
prisoners have spacious yards to walk   
in1 and by thus being exposed to fresh  
air are kept free from fevers and other 
disorders incidental to places of       
confinement4 ,let any one who recollects
 old ,newgate survey the present        
structure1 and he will be highly        
gratified with the respectable order    
kept up in that edifice4 ,in some of the
 counties the jails may be looked upon  
as asylums1 for neatness and good       
management1 particularly that of        
,cambridge1 where1 instead of the whole 
of the prisoners for every sort of crime
 being huddled together in the tower of 
the ,castle1 they have now a building   
which affords separate apartments for   
men1 women1 and children1 and this on   
the most elevated spot1 commanding views
 of the adjacent country from every     
window4 ,whoever has visited ,chelmsford

 ,jail must have been delighted with its
 humane and sensible construction4      
,those who do not recollect the old     
prisons will1 upon an inspection of     
,fox's ,book of ,martyrs1 perceive in   
the ,prisons of ,lambeth ,palace1 the   
,bishop of ,london's ,house1 ,aldersgate
 ,street1 c4 how very small and confined
 those prisons were1 having been not    
above eight feet square1 with low       
ceilings and hardly an opening to let in
 the light4 ,in addition to these       
miseries each room had its stocks1 in   
which the prisoners were placed4 ,the   
residences of our sovereigns in former  
days had likewise their prisons4 ,three 
of these were in the old palace of      
,westminster1 viz4 ,heaven1 ,purgatory1 
and ,hell4 ,heaven was a place where1 if
 the prisoners could afford to pay1 they
 had accommodations4 ,purgatory was a   
place with a ceiling so low that they   
could not walk without bending the head 
into the chest2 and ,hell was a dungeon 
with little or no light1 where they had 

only bread and water4 ,the pump lately  
standing in the street close by the     
,exchequer ,coffee ,house1 and now      
carried to the opposite side of the way1
 was the pump of this last prison1 and  
to this day goes under the appellation  
of ,hell ,pump4  ,to the credit of      
present manners1 our modern jailors are 
in general men of feeling1 and wherever 
it is discovered that they act with     
cruelty they are immediately dismissed  
from their office4 ,this was not the    
case in former days1 for they were in   
general the most hard-hearted of men1   
and callous even to the distresses of   
the aged1 and crying infant at the      
breast4  ,the following ,plate1         
pourtraying a ,jailor of those times1   
will sufficiently convey an idea of the 
morose gluttony of such a character4 ,it
 was copied from a rare tract1 entitled1
 ,essayes and ,characters of a ,prison  
and ,prisoners1 by ,geffray ,mynshul1 of
 ,grayes ,inne1 ,gent4 with new         
additions1 #afch4 ,on the right side of 

the figure is written1 ,those that keepe
 me1 ,i keepe2 if can1 will still4 ,on  
the left hand1 ,hee's a true ,jaylor    
strips the ,divell in ill4 ,the         
following extracts from this curious    
work will shew the estimation in which  
the author held a ,jailor3  ,as soone as
 thou commest before the gate of the    
prison1 doe but think thou art entring  
into ,hell1 and it will extenuate       
somewhat of thy misery1 for thou shalt  
be sure not only to find ,hell1 but     
fiends and ugly monsters1 which with    
continuall torments will afflict thee2  
for at the gate there stands ,cerberus1 
a man in shew1 but a dogge in nature1   
who at thy entrance will fawne upon     
thee1 bidding thee welcome1 in respect  
of the golden croft which he must have  
cast him2 then he opens the doore with  
all gentlenes1 shewing thee the way to  
misery is very facile1 and being once   
in1 he shuts it with such fury1 that it 
makes the foundation shake1 and the     
doore and windows so barricadoed1 that a

 man so loseth himself with admiration  
that he can hardly finde the way out and
 be a sound man4  ,now for the most part
 your porter is either some broken      
cittizen who hath plaid jack of all     
trades1 some pander1 broker1 or hangman1
 that hath plaid the knave with all men2
 and for the more certainty his emblem  
is a red beard1 to which sacke hath made
 his nose cousin-german4  ,if           
marble-hearted ,jaylors were so haplesse
 happy as to be mistaken1 and be made   
,kings1 they would1 instead of iron to  
their grates1 have barres made of men's 
ribs1 ,death should stand at doore for  
porter1 and the ,divell every night come
 gingling of keyes1 and rapping at      
doores to lock men up4  ,the broker     
useth to receive pawnes1 but when he    
hath the feathers he lets the bird flye 
at liberty3 but the ,jaylor when he hath
 beene plum'd with the prisoner's       
pawnes1 detaines him for his last       
morsell4  ,he feedes very strangely1 for
 some say he eates cloakes1 hats1       

shirts1 beds1 and bedsteds1 brasse1 or  
pewter1 or gold rings1 plate1 and the   
like2 but ,i say he is in his dyet more 
greedy than ,cannibals1 for they eate   
but some parts of a man1 but this       
devoures the whole body4 ,the tenne-peny
 and nine-peny ordinaries should never  
bee in the ,fleet1 ,gatehouse1 or the   
two infernal ,compters1 for ,hunger     
would lay the cloth1 and ,famine would  
play the leane-fac'd serving-man to take
 away the trenchers4     ,a ,,prison    
,,basket-,,man4  ,,plate ,,viii4   ,this
 ,plate exhibits one of those men who   
were sent out to beg broken meat for the
 poor prisoners4 ,it was copied from one
 of the sets published by ,overton in   
the reign of ,king ,charles the ,second4
 ,this custom1 which perhaps was as     
ancient as our ,religious ,houses1 has  
been long done away by an allowance of  
meat and bread having been made to those
 prisoners who are destitute of support4
  ,it was the business of such men to   
claim the attention of the public by    

their cry of ,some broken breade and    
meate for ye poore prisonors6 for the   
,lord's sake pitty the poore6 ,this     
mendicant for the prisoners is also     
noticed with the following ,london      
,cries1 in a play entitled1 ,tarquin and
 ,lucrece1 viz4 ,a ,marking ,stone4     
,breade and ,meate for the poor         
,prisoners4 ,rock ,samphire4 ,a ,hassoc 
for your pew1 or a ,pesocke to thrust   
your feet in4 ,in former days the       
passenger was solicited in the most     
melancholy and piteous manner by the    
poor prisoners4 ,a tin box was lowered  
by a wire from the windows of their     
prisons into the street1 so as to be    
even with the eye of the passenger4 ,the
 confined persons1 in hoarse1 but       
sometimes solemn tones1 solicited the   
public to ,remember the poor prisoners6 
,not many persons can now recollect the 
tin boxes of this description1 suspended
 from the ,gatehouse at ,westminster1   
and under the gloomy postern of old     
,newgate2 but the custom was till lately

 continued at the ,fleet ,prison3 where 
a box of the above description was put  
out from a grated window1 even with the 
street1 where one of the prisoners1 who 
took it by turns1 implored the public to
 ,remember the poor ,insolvent ,debtors2
 but as the person was seen1 and so near
 the street1 the impression made on the 
passenger had not that gloomy and       
melancholy air of supplication as when  
uttered from a hollow voice at a        
distance1 and in darkness2 so that      
hundreds passed by without attending to 
the supplicant4  ,illustration3 ,prison 
,basket ,man  ,few of those gentlemen   
who come into office of ,sheriff with a 
dashing spirit quit their station       
without doing some1 and1 indeed1 to do  
them justice1 essential service to the  
community4 ,sir ,richard ,phillips1 when
 sheriff1 established the poor boxes put
 up on the outside of ,newgate1 with a  
restriction that they should be opened  
in the presence of the ,sheriffs1 and   
distributed by them to the poor         

prisoners1 so that there could be no    
embezzlement1 and the donations thus    
rendered certain of being equally and   
fairly divided among the proper objects1
 according to their distressing claims4 
,the following extract is from a work   
published by ,mr4 ,murray in #ahae1     
entitled1 ,collections relative to      
,systematic ,relief of the ,poor1 and   
which perhaps may be the earliest notice
 of mendicants by proxy4 ,plutarch      
notices a ,rhodian custom1 which is     
particularly mentioned by ,phoenix of   
,colophon1 a writer of ,iambics1 who    
describes certain men going about to    
collect donations for the crow1 and     
singing or saying1    ,my good worthy   
masters1 a pittance bestow1   ,some     
oatmeal1 or barley1 or wheat1 for the   
crow2   ,a loaf1 or a penny1 or e'en    
what you will1   ,as fortune your       
pockets may happen to fill4   ,from the 
poor man a grain of his salt may        
suffice1   ,for your crow swallows all  
and is not over nice4   ,and the man who

 can now give his grain and no more1    
,may another day give from a plentiful  
store4   ,come1 my lad1 to the door1    
,plutus nods to our wish1   ,and our    
sweet little mistress comes out with a  
dish4   ,she gives us her figs1 and she 
gives us a smile1   ,heav'n bless her6  
and guard her from sorrow and guile1    
,and send her a husband of noble degree1
   ,and a boy to be danced on his       
grand-daddy's knee2   ,and a girl like  
herself1 all the joy of her mother1     
,who may one day present her with just  
such another4   ,god bless your dear    
hearts all a thousand times o'er1       
,thus we carry our crow-song to door    
after door2   ,alternately chaunting we 
ramble along1   ,and we treat all who   
give1 or give not1 with a song4  ,and   
the song ever concludes3    ,my good    
worthy masters1 your pittance bestow1   
,your bounty1 my good worthy mistresses1
 throw4   ,remember the crow6 he is not 
over nice2   ,do but give as you can1   
and the gift will suffice4              

,illustration3 ,rats or ,mice to kill   
,,rat-,,catcher4  ,,plate ,,ix4   ,there
 are two kinds of rats known in this    
country1 the black1 which was formerly  
very common1 but is now rarely seen1    
being superseded by the large brown     
kind1 commonly called the ,norway rat4  
,the depredations committed by this     
little animal1 which is about nine      
inches long1 can be well attested by the
 millers and feeders of poultry1 as in  
addition to its mischief it frequently  
carries off large quantities to its     
hiding place4  ,in #ahac the following  
computation was made3 ,the annual value 
of the ,european ,empire cannot be less 
than #be millions sterling1 and of this 
at least one fiftieth part1 upon the    
lowest calculation1 is eaten and        
destroyed by rats and mice2 the public  
loss therefore is at least #ejj1jjjl4   
per annum1 exclusive of the damage done 
in ships1 in store houses1 and buildings
 of every kind4  ,the bite of the rat is
 keen1 and the wound it inflicts painful

 and difficult to heal1 owing to the    
form of its teeth1 which are long1      
sharp1 and irregular4 ,it produces from 
twelve to eighteen at a litter1 and were
 it not that these animals destroy each 
other1 the country would soon be overrun
 with them4  ,mr4 ,bewick observes1 ,it 
is a singular fact in the history of    
these animals1 that the skins of such of
 them as have been devoured in their    
holes1 have frequently been found       
curiously turned inside out1 every part 
being completely inverted1 even to the  
ends of the toes4  ,in addition to this 
remark of ,mr4 ,bewick1 it may be       
mentioned1 that though the destruction  
of rats is so great among themselves1   
yet they are in some degree attached to 
each other1 and have even their sports  
and pastimes4 ,it is well known that a  
herd of rats will be defenders of their 
own holes1 and that when a strange brood
 trespass upon their premises1 they are 
sure to be set upon and devoured4 ,they 
are active as the squirrel1 and will1   

like that animal1 sit up and eat their  
food4 ,they play at hide and seek with  
each other1 and have been known to hide 
themselves in the folds of linen1 where 
they have remained quite still until    
their playmates have discovered them1 in
 the same manner as kittens4 ,most      
readers will recollect the fable where a
 young mouse suggests that the cat      
should have a bell fastened to his neck1
 so that his companions might be aware  
of his approach4 ,this idea was scouted 
by one of their wiseheads1 who asked who
 was to tye the bell round the cat's    
neck8 ,this experiment has actually been
 tried upon a rat4 ,a bell was fastened 
round his neck1 and he was replaced in  
his hole1 with full expectation of his  
frightening the rest away1 but it turned
 out that instead of their continuing to
 be alarmed at his approach1 he was     
heard for the space of a year to frolick
 and scamper with them4 ,in ,china the  
,jugglers cause their rats and mice to  
dance together to music1 and oblige them

 to take leaps as we teach our cats4    
,the following is a copy of a handbill  
distributed in ,cornhill a few years    
ago3  ,a most wonderful ,rat1 the       
greatest natural curiosity ever seen in 
,london4  ,a gigantic ,female ,rat1     
taken near ,somerset ,house3 it is truly
 worthy the inspection of the curious1  
its length being three feet three       
inches1 and its weight ten pounds three 
quarters2 and twenty-four inches in     
circumference4 ,any lady or gentleman   
purchasing goods to the amount of one   
shilling or upwards1 will have an       
opportunity of seeing it gratis1 at ,no4
 #e1 ,sweeting's ,alley1 ,cornhill4     
,rats were made use of as a plague1 see 
#ast ,book of ,kings1 chap4 v4 ,nich4   
,poussin painted this subject1 which has
 been engraved by ,stephen ,picart of   
,rome1 #afgg4  ,in a curious tract1     
entitled ,green's ,ghost1 published in  
#afbf1 ,watermen are nicknamed          
water-rats2 an appellation also bestowed
 on pirates by the immortal bard of     

,avon4  ,the down of the musk-rat of    
,canada is used in the manufacture of   
hats4 ,from the tail of the ,muscovy    
musk-rat is extracted a kind of musk1   
very much resembling the genuine sort1  
and their skins are frequently laid     
among clothes to preserve them from     
moths4  ,the musk-rat is of all the     
small species larger and whiter than the
 common4 ,he exhales1 as he moves1 a    
very strong smell of musk1 which        
penetrates even the best inclosures4    
,if1 for example1 one of the animals    
pass over a row of bottles1 the liquor  
they contain will be so strongly scented
 with musk that it cannot be drunk4 ,the
 writer has known tons of wine touched  
by them so strongly infected1 that it   
was with the greatest difficulty1 and by
 a variety of process1 that they could  
be purged of this smell4 ,these rats are
 a great plague to all the country1 and1
 if they once get into a cellar or      
magazine1 are very hard to destroy4     
,cats will not venture to attack them1  

for fear probably of being suffocated by
 the smell2 nor will the ,european      
terrier hurt them4 ,see ,les ,hindous1  
par ,e4 ,baltazard ,solvyns1 tom4 #d4   
,paris1 #ahab1 folio4  ,the ,norwegians 
of late years have the following        
effectual mode of getting rid of their  
rats3  ,they singe the hair of one of   
them over a fire1 and then let it loose2
 the stench is so offensive to his      
comrades that they all immediately quit 
the house1 and are eventually destroyed 
by combating with other broods4 ,this   
expedient has become so general1 that   
,norway is relieved of one of its       
greatest pests4 ,the above method was   
communicated to the writer by a native1 
who wondered that our farmers had not   
adopted it4  ,it appears in that very   
masterly set of etchings by ,simon      
,guillain1 or ,guilini1 from drawings   
made by ,annibal ,caracci1 of the ,cries
 of ,bologna1 published in #afdf1 that  
the ,rat-catcher had representations of 
rats and mice painted upon a square     

cloth fastened to a pole like a flag1   
which he carried across his shoulder4   
,the ,chinese ,rat and ,mouse-killer    
carries a cat in a bag4 ,in ,ben        
,jonson's time1 the ,king's most        
excellent ,mole-catcher lived in        
,tothill ,street4     ,illustration3    
,marking ,stones   ,,marking ,,stones4  
,,plate ,x4   ,the rare wood-cut1 from  
which the present etching was made1 is  
one of the curious set of twelve figures
 engraved in wood of the time of ,james 
the ,first4 ,under the figure are the   
following lines3    ,buy ,marking       
,stones1 ,marking ,stones buy1   ,much  
profit in their use doth lie3   ,i've   
marking stones of colour red1   ,passing
 good1--or else black lead4  ,the cry of
 ,marking ,stones is also noticed in the
 play of ,tarquin and ,lucrece4 ,these  
,marking ,stones1 as the verses above   
state1 are either of a red colour1 or   
composed of black lead4 ,they were used 
in marking of linen1 so that washing    
could not take the mark out4 ,every one 

knows that water will not take effect   
upon black lead1 particularly if the    
stick of that material1 which is        
denominated a ,marking ,stone1 be heated
 before it be stamped4 ,the stone1 of a 
red colour1 was probably of a material  
impregnated with the red called ruddle1 
a colour never to be washed out4 ,it is 
used by the graziers for the marking of 
their sheep1 is of an oily nature1 and  
made in immense quantities1 for the use 
of graziers1 at the ,ruddle             
,manufactory1 near the ,nine ,elms1 on  
the ,battersea ,road4 ,it was a red     
known in the reign of ,edward the       
,third1 and much used by the painters   
employed in the decorations of ,st4     
,stephen's ,chapel1 ,westminster4       
,about fifty years ago it was the custom
 of those persons who let lodgings in   
,st4 ,giles's1 above the ,two-penny     
admission1 where sheets were afforded at
 sixpence the night1 to stamp their     
linen with sticks of marking stones of  
ruddle1 with the words ,stop ,thief1 so 

that1 if stolen1 the thief should at    
once be detected and detained4 ,for     
this1 and many other curious particulars
 respecting the lowest classes of the   
inhabitants of ,st4 ,giles in the       
,fields1 the writer is much indebted to 
his truly respectable friend1 the late  
,william ,packer1 ,esq4 of ,charlotte   
,street1 ,bloomsbury1 and afterwards of 
,great ,baddow1 in ,essex1 who was born1
 and resided for the great part of his  
life1 upon the spot4 ,for the honour of 
this gentleman's family1 it may be here 
acknowledged that his father1 who was   
also a truly respectable man1 was one of
 the promoters of the building of       
,middlesex ,hospital1 which1 before the 
erection of the present building1 was an
 establishment held in ,windmill        
,street1 leading from ,tottenham ,court 
,road to ,percy ,chapel1 in ,charlotte  
,street1 ,rathbone ,place4 ,the house   
which the ,hospital occupied1 standing  
on the ,south side of the street1 has   
since been made use of as a ,french     

charity school4     ,illustration3 ,buy 
a ,brush   ,,buy ,a ,,brush1 ,,or ,a    
,,table ,,book4  ,,plate ,,xi4   ,the   
,engraving from which the accompanying  
,plate was copied was one of a set      
published by ,overton1 but without date4
 ,judging from the dress1 it must have  
been made either in the reign of ,king  
,james the ,first or in that of the     
succeeding monarch4 ,the inscription    
over the figure is1 ,buy a ,brush or a  
,table ,book4 ,the floors were not      
wetted1 but rubbed dry1 even until they 
bore a very high polish1 particularly   
when it was the fashion to inlay        
staircases and floors of rooms with     
yellow1 black1 and brown woods4 ,on the 
landing places of the great staircase in
 the house built by ,lord ,orford1 now  
the ,grand ,hotel1 at the end of ,king  
,street in ,covent ,garden1 such inlaid 
specimens are still remaining1 in a     
beautiful state of preservation4 ,there 
are many houses of the nobility where   
the floors consist of small pieces of   

oak arranged in tessellated forms4 ,the 
room now occupied by the servants in    
waiting1 and that part of the house     
formerly a portion of the old gallery1  
at ,cleveland ,house1 ,st4 ,james's2 the
 floors of the state rooms of ,montagu  
,house1 now the ,british ,museum2 and   
the floor of the ,library in ,st4       
,paul's ,cathedral1 all retain their    
tessellated forms4 ,these floors were   
rubbed by the servants1 who wore brushes
 on their feet1 and they were1 and      
indeed are1 so highly polished1 in some 
of the country mansions1 that in some   
instances they are dangerous to walk    
upon4 ,this mode of dry-rubbing rooms by
 affixing the brush to the feet1 is     
still practised in ,france1 chiefly by  
men-servants4  ,the ,table ,book is of  
very ancient use4 ,shakspeare thus      
notices it in his play of ,hamlet3      
,ham4 ,my tables3 meet it is          ,i
 set it down4  ,it was a book consisting
 of several small pieces of slate set in
 frames of wood1 fastened together with 

hinges1 and closed1 as a book for the   
pocket3 for a representation of one1    
with a pencil attached to a string1 as  
used in #aefe1 see ,douce's             
,illustrations of ,shakspeare and of    
,ancient ,manners1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bbg4  
,it was taken1 says that writer1 from   
,gesner's ,treatise ,de rerum fossilium 
figuris1 c4 ,tigur4 #aefe4 ,the         
,almanacs of that time likewise         
contained tables of a composition like  
asses skin4 ,one of these was in the    
possession of ,mr4 ,douce4  ,it is a    
very curious fact that the farmers1     
graziers1 and horse dealers1 use at this
 day a ,table ,book consisting of slates
 bound in wood1 with a pencil attached  
to it1 exactly of the same make as that 
referred to as used in #aefe1 and such  
are now regularly sold at the toy shops4
 ,we may conclude that persons in the   
higher ranks of life used sheets of     
ivory put together as a book1 for we    
frequently meet with such1 elegantly    
adorned with clasps1 of very old        

workmanship4  ,howell1 in his ,familiar 
,letters1 #dto4 p4 #g1 published #afde1 
says1 ,this return of ,sir ,walter      
,raleigh from ,guiana puts me in minde  
of a facetious tale ,i read lately in   
,italian1 7for ,i have a little of that 
language already17 how ,alphonso ,king  
of ,naples sent a ,moor1 who had been   
his captive a long time1 to ,barbary1 to
 buy horses1 and to return by such a    
time4 ,now there was about the ,king a  
kinde of buffon or jester who had a     
,table ,book1 wherein he was used to    
register any absurdity1 or impertinence1
 or merry passage1 that happened about  
the ,court4 ,that day the ,moor was     
dispatched for ,barbary1 the said jester
 waiting upon the ,king at supper1 the  
,king called for his journall1 and askt 
what he had observed that day2 thereupon
 he produced his ,table ,book1 and      
amongst other things he read how        
,alphonso ,king of ,naples had sent     
,beltran the ,moor1 who had been a long 
time his prisoner1 to ,morocco1 his own 

country1 with so many thousand crowns to
 buy horses4 ,the ,king asked him 'why  
he inserted that8' ',because1' said he1 
',i think he will never come back to be 
a prisoner again1 and so you have lost  
both man and money4' ',but1 if he do    
come1 then your jest is marr'd1' quoth  
the ,king4 ',no1 sir2 for if he return1 
,i will blot out your name1 and put him 
in for a fool4'     ,,fire-,,screens4   
,,plate ,,xii4   ,the next plate is a   
copy from the same set of prints from   
which the preceding one was taken1 and  
has the following inscription engraved  
above it3    ,i have screenes if you    
desier1   ,to keepe yr butey from ye    
fire4  ,it appears from the extreme     
neatness of this man1 and the goods     
which he exhibits for sale1 that they   
were of a very superior quality1        
probably of foreign manufacture1 and    
possibly from ,leghorn1 from whence hats
 similar to those on his head were first
 brought into ,england4 ,these ,leghorn 
hats were originally imported and sold  

by our ,turners1 who generally had the  
,leghorn hat for their sign4 ,england   
certainly can boast of superiority in   
almost every description of manufacture1
 over those of most parts of the world2 
but it never successfully rivalled the  
,basket-makers and ,willow-workers of   
,france and ,holland1 either for        
bleaching or weaving2 nor perhaps is it 
possible for any skill to exceed that of
 the ,french in their present mode of   
making baskets and other such ware4     
,even the children's rattles of the     
,dutch and ,french1 surpass anything of 
the kind made in this country4 ,the     
willow is common in most parts of       
,holland1 so that they have a great     
choice of a selection of wood1 and the  
females are taught the art of twisting  
it at a very early age4 ,it must be     
acknowledged1 that the natives of       
,hudson's ,bay are very curious workers 
of baskets and other useful articles    
made of the barks of trees1 and even the
 most uncultivated nations often display

 exquisite neatness in their modes of   
making them4 ,the ,french carry their   
basket ware either in small barrows or  
in little carts1 and sell them at so    
cheap a rate1 by reason of the few      
duties they have to pay to ,government1 
that it would be impossible for an      
,englishman1 were he master of the art  
of producing them1 to sell them for less
 than ten times the sum4  ,illustration3
 ,i have ,screenes if you desier to     
keepe yr ,buty from ye fire4  ,that very
 wonderful people the ,chinese probably 
were the first who thought of           
hand-screens to protect the face from   
the sun4 ,we find them introduced in    
their earliest delineations of costume4 
,the feathered fans of our ,elizabeth   
might occasionally have been used as    
fire screens1 in like manner as those   
now imported from the ,east ,indies1    
also composed of feathers1 and which    
frequently adorn our chimney pieces4 ,it
 is possible1 however1 that as our      
vendor of ,fire-screens has particularly

 acquainted us with the use of his      
screens1 they might have been the first 
that were introduced decidedly for that 
purpose4     ,,sausages4  ,,plate       
,,xiii4   ,the female vendor of         
,sausages exhibited in the following    
,plate1 is of the time of ,charles ,,ii4
 and has here been preferred to a       
similar character belonging to the      
preceding reign1 her dress and general  
appearance being far more picturesque4  
,under the original print are the       
following lines3    ,who buys my        
,sausages6 ,sausages fine6   ,i ha' fine
 ,sausages of the best1   ,as good they 
are as e'er was eat1   ,if they be      
finely drest4   ,come1 ,mistris1 buy    
this daintie pound1   ,about a ,capon   
rost them round4  ,almost every county  
has some peculiar mode of making        
sausages1 but as to their general       
appearance they are tied up in links4   
,there are several sorts which have for 
many years upheld their reputation1 such
 as those made at ,bewdley in           

,oxfordshire1 at ,epping1 and at        
,cambridge1 places particularly famous  
for them4 ,the sausages from ,bewdley1  
,epping1 and ,cambridge1 are mostly sold
 by the poulterers1 who are in general  
very attentive in having them genuine4  
,they are brought to ,leadenhall1       
,newgate1 and other markets1 neatly put 
up in large flat baskets1 similar to    
those in which fresh butter is sent to  
town4 ,the ,oxford gentlemen frequently 
present their ,london friends with some 
of the sausage meat put up in neat brown
 pans2 this is fried in cakes1 and is   
remarkably good4  ,the pork-shops of    
,fetter ,lane have been for upwards of  
#aej years famous for their sausages2   
indeed the pork-shops throughout ,london
 are principally supported by a most    
extensive sale of sausages4             
,illustration3 ,sausages  ,ben ,jonson1 
in his play of ,bartholomew ,fair1      
exhibits sausage stalls1 their contents 
being prime articles of refreshment at  
that very ancient festival4 ,in a very  

curious tract1 entitled1 ,a ,narrative  
of the ,life of ,mrs4 ,charlotte        
,charke1 7youngest daughter of ,colley  
,cibber1 ,esq47 written by herself1 the 
second edition1 printed for ,w4 ,reeve1 
in ,fleet ,street1 #agei1 the authoress1
 after experiencing some of the most    
curious vicissitudes1 in the midst of   
her greatest distress1 says1 ,i took a  
neat lodging in a street facing ,red    
,lyon ,square1 and wrote a letter to    
,mr4 ,beard1 intimating to him the      
sorrowful plight ,i was in2 and1 in a   
quarter of an hour after1 my request was
 obligingly complied with by that worthy
 gentleman1 whose bounty enabled me to  
set forward to ,newgate ,market1 and    
bought a considerable quantity of pork  
at the best hand1 which ,i converted    
into sausages1 and with my daughter set 
out laden with each a burden as weighty 
as we could well bear2 which1 not having
 been used to luggages of that nature1  
we found extremely troublesome4 ,but    
,necessitas non habeat legem1 we were   

bound to that or starve4  ,thank heaven1
 our loads were like ,a,esop's1 when he 
chose to carry the bread1 which was the 
weightiest burden1 to the astonishment  
of his fellow-travellers2 not           
considering that his wisdom preferred   
it1 because he was sure it would lighten
 as it went3 so did ours1 for as ,i went
 only where ,i was known1 ,i soon       
disposed1 among my friends1 of my whole 
cargo2 and was happy in the thought1    
that the utmost excesses of my          
misfortunes had no worse effect on me1  
than an industrious inclination to get a
 small livelihood1 without shame or     
reproach2 though the ,arch-,dutchess of 
our family1 who would not have relieved 
me with a halfpenny roll or a draught of
 small-beer1 imputed this to me as a    
crime2 ,i suppose she was possessed with
 the same dignified sentiments ,mrs4    
,peachum is endowed with1 and ,,thought 
,,the ,,honour ,,of ,,their ,,family    
,,was ,,concerned2 if so1 she knew the  
way to have prevented the disgrace1 and 

in a humane1 justifiable manner1 have   
preserved her own from that taint of    
cruelty ,i doubt she will never         
overcome4  ,the wretched vendors of     
sausages1 who cared not what they made  
them of1 such as those about forty years
 back who fried them in cellars in ,st4 
,giles's1 and under gateways in ,drury  
,lane1 ,field ,lane1 commonly called    
,food and ,raiment ,alley1 or ,thieving 
,lane1 alias ,sheep's ,head ,alley1 with
 all its courts and ramifications of    
,black ,boy ,alley1 ,saffron ,hill1     
,bleeding ,heart ,yard1 and ,cow ,cross1
 were continually persecuting their     
unfortunate neighbours1 to whom they    
were as offensive as the melters of     
tallow1 bone burners1 soap boilers1 or  
cat-gut cleaners4 ,this ,food and       
,raiment ,alley1 so named from the cook 
and old clothes shops1 was in former    
days so dangerous to go through1 that it
 was scarcely possible for a person to  
possess his watch or his handkerchief by
 the time he had passed this ordeal of  

infamy2 and it is a fact1 that a man    
after losing his pocket-handkerchief1   
might1 on his immediate return through  
the ,lane1 see it exposed for sale1 and 
purchase it at half the price it        
originally cost him1 of the mother of   
the young gentleman who had so          
dextrously deprived him of it4 ,watches 
were1 as they are now in many places in 
,london1 immediately put into the       
crucible to evade detection4            
,illustration3 ,new ,elegy   ,,new      
,,elegy4  ,,plate ,,xiv4   ,this figure 
was drawn and etched by the writer from 
an itinerant vendor of ,elegies1        
,christmas ,carols1 and ,love ,songs4   
,his father and grandfather had followed
 the same calling4  ,when this man was  
asked what particular event he          
recollected1 his information was        
principally confined to the ,elegies he 
had sold4 ,he seemed anxious1 however1  
to inform the public that in the year   
#agec the quartern loaf was sold at     
fourpence halfpenny1 mutton was         

two-pence halfpenny a pound1 that porter
 was then three-pence a pot1 and that   
the ,national ,debt was twenty-four     
millions4 ,notwithstanding this man's   
memory served him in the above          
particulars1 which perhaps he had       
repeated so often that he could not     
forget them1 yet he positively did not  
know his age2 he said he never troubled 
his head with that1 for that his father 
told him if he only mentioned the year  
of his birth any scholar could tell it4 
,his father1 he observed1 cried the     
,elegy of that notorious magistrate ,sir
 ,thomas de ,veil1#ac which went through
 nine editions1 as there was hardly a   
thief or strumpet that did not purchase 
one4  ,hogarth is supposed to have      
introduced this magistrate in his ,woman
 swearing a ,child to a grave ,citizen4 
,in his ,plate of ,night1 the drunken   
,freemason has also been supposed to be 
,sir ,thomas de ,veil4 ,this man had    
rendered himself so obnoxious by his    
intrigues with women1 and his bare-faced

 partialities in screening the opulent1 
that the executors1 who were afraid of  
the coffin being torn to pieces by the  
mob1 privately conveyed it to a         
considerable distance from ,bow ,street 
by three o'clock in the morning4  ,it   
was formerly not only the custom to     
print ,elegies on the great people1 but 
on all those in the lowest class of life
 who had rendered themselves conspicuous
 as public characters4 ,indeed we may   
recollect the ,elegies to the memory of 
,sam ,house1 the political tool of ,mr4 
,fox among the vulgar part of his       
voters1 and also that to the memory of  
,henry ,dimsdale1 the muffin man1       
nicknamed ,sir ,harry ,dimsdale1 the    
,mayor of ,garratt1 who succeeded the   
renowned ,sir ,jeffrey ,dunstan1        
commonly called ,old ,wigs1 from his    
being a purchaser of those articles4    
,the last ,elegy was to the memory of   
the lamented ,princess ,charlotte1 and  
it was then that the portrait of the    
above-mentioned ,elegy-vender was taken4

  ,with respect to his ,christmas       
,carols1 he said they had varied almost 
every year in their bordered ornaments2 
and the writer regrets the loss of a    
collection of ,christmas ,carols from   
the time of this man's grandfather1     
which1 had he been fortunate enough to  
have made his drawing of the above      
vendor only three days before1 he could 
have purchased for five shillings4 ,the 
collectors in general of early ,english 
woodcuts may not be aware that there    
were printed ,christmas ,carols so early
 as ,queen ,mary the ,first4 ,the       
writer1 when a boy1 detected several    
patches of one that had been fastened   
against the wall of the ,chapel of ,st4 
,edmond in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,it had 
marginal woodcut illustrations1 which   
reminded him of those very interesting  
blocks engraved for ,hollinshed's       
,chronicle4 ,it appears that some part  
of this curious ,carol was remaining    
when ,mr4 ,malcolm wrote his description
 of the above ,chapel for his ,work on  

,london4 7,vol4 ,i4 p4 #add47  ,love    
,songs1 however old they might be1 were 
pronounced by our ,elegy-vender to be   
always saleable among the country       
people4 ,robert ,burton1 in his ,anatomy
 of ,melancholy1 part #c1 sect4 #b1     
speaking of love songs1 says1 ,as       
,carmen1 ,boyes1 and ,prentises1 when a 
new song is published with us1 go       
singing that new tune still in the      
streets1 they continually acted that    
tragical part of ,perseus1 and in every 
man's mouth was ,o1 ,cupid6 ,prince of  
,gods and ,men6 pronouncing still like  
stage-players1 ,o1 ,cupid6 they were so 
possessed all with that rapture1 and    
thought of that pathetical love speech1 
they could not a long time after forget1
 or drive it out of their minds1 but1   
,o1 ,cupid6 ,prince of ,gods and ,men6  
was ever in their mouths4  ,in the      
second volume1 page #ada1 of            
,shenstone's ,works1 the author says1   
,the ways of ballad singers1 and the    
cries of halfpenny pamphlets1 appeared  

so extremely humourous1 from my lodgings
 in ,fleet ,street1 that it gave me pain
 to observe them without a companion to 
partake4 ,for1 alas6 laughter is by no  
means a solitary entertainment4         
,,all ,,in ,,full ,,bloom4  ,,plate     
,,xv4   ,the repeated victories gained  
by ,england over her enemies1 and her   
unbounded liberality to them when in    
distress1 not only by her pecuniary     
contributions1 but by allowing this     
country to be their general seat of     
refuge during their own commotions1     
encouraged the ignorant among them still
 to continue in their belief that the   
streets of our great city were paved    
with gold4 ,the consequence has been1   
that the number of idle foreigners who  
have been tempted to quit their homes   
have increased the vagrants who now     
infest our streets with their learned   
mice and chattering monkies1 to the     
great annoyance of those passengers who 
do not contribute to their exhibitions2 
for it is their practice not only to let

 the animals loose to the extent of a   
long string1 but to encourage them to   
run up to the balconies1 oftentimes to  
the great terror of the families who    
have disregarded their impertinent      
importunities4  ,the writer of this work
 once reprimanded a ,french organist for
 throwing his dancing mice upon a       
nursery maid1 because she did not       
contribute to reward him for the        
amusement they afforded her young       
master4  ,among the various foreigners  
thus visiting us to make their fortunes 
is ,anatony ,antonini1 a native of      
,lucca in ,tuscany1 from which place    
come most of those fellows who carry    
images and play the organ about our     
streets4 ,he is exhibited in the annexed
 etching1 with his show board of        
artificial flowers1 ,all in full bloom6 
constructed of silk and paper1 with     
wires for their stalks4 ,the birds      
perched on their branches are made of   
wax1 cast from plaster of ,paris moulds4
 ,they are gaily painted and varnished1 

and in some instances so thin that their
 bodies are quite transparent4          
,illustration3 ,all in full bloom  ,the 
custom of casting figures in wax is very
 ancient1 especially in ,roman ,catholic
 countries1 where they represent the    
,virgin and ,child and other sacred     
subjects as articles of devotion for the
 poorer sort of people who cannot afford
 to purchase those carved in ivory4 ,it 
is said that ,mrs4 ,salmon's exhibition 
of wax-work in ,fleet ,street1 whose    
sign of a ,salmon was noticed by        
,addison in the ,spectator1 owes its    
origin to a schoolmistress1 the wife of 
one of ,henry the ,seventh's body       
guards4 ,this woman distributed little  
wax dolls as rewards to the most        
deserving of her scholars1 and1 it is   
reported1 brought the art from ,holland4
  ,some few years ago a very interesting
 exhibition of artificial flowers was   
made in ,suffolk ,street1 ,charing      
,cross1 by a female of the name of      
,dards1 who had most ingeniously        

produced many hundreds of the most      
beautiful flowers from fishes' bones1   
which1 when warm1 she twisted into      
shapes4 ,the leaves were made from the  
skins of soles1 eels1 c4 which were     
stained with proper colours4 ,the       
flowers of the lily of the valley were  
represented by the bones of the turbot  
which contain the brain1 and were so    
complete a deception that they were     
often mistaken for a bunch of the real  
flowers4 ,this exhibition did not answer
 the expectation of ,mrs4 ,dards1 as few
 persons could believe it possible that 
fishes' bones were capable of being     
converted into articles of such         
elegance4  ,the ribs of the whale were  
frequently erected at the entrances of  
our tea gardens1 and many remained      
within memory at the ,spring ,gardens1  
,chelsea2 ,cromwell's ,gardens1         
,brompton2 ,copenhagen ,house1 c4 ,the  
inhabitants of the coast of ,mechran1   
who live mostly upon fish1 build their  
houses of the rudest materials1         

frequently of the large fish that are   
thrown on the shore4  ,about thirty-five
 years ago1 there was another very      
singular ,all blooming man1 a black with
 wooden legs1 who carried natural       
flowers about the streets4 ,his trick to
 claim attention was remarkable1 as he  
generally contrived to startle          
passengers with his last vociferation4  
,his cry was1 ,all blooming6 blooming6  
blooming666 all alive6 alive66 alive666 
,it is notable fact that blacks1 when   
they become public characters in our    
streets1 as they are more or less       
masters of humour1 display their wit to 
the amusement of the throng1 and thereby
 make a great deal of money4 ,they      
always invent some novelty to gain the  
attention of the crowd4 ,one of these   
fellows1 under the name of ,peter1 held 
a dialogue between himself and his      
master1 nearly to the following effect3 
,master4 ,oh1 ,peter1 you very bad boy2 
you no work2 you lazy dog4--,peter4 ,oh 
massa1 'give me this time1 ,peter ,peter

 do so no more2 ,peter ,peter no more   
run away4--,this duet he accompanied    
with a guitar1 in so humourous a style1 
that he was always sure to please his   
audience4 ,he would1 at the completion  
of his song1 pass himself through a     
hoop1 and1 while holding a stick1 twist 
his arms round his body in a most       
extraordinary manner4 ,his last         
performance was that of placing his head
 backwards between his legs and picking 
up a pin with his mouth from the ground1
 without any assistance from hands1 his 
arms being folded round his body before 
he commenced his exhibition4  ,the      
,chinese florist carries his flowers in 
two flat baskets suspended from a pole  
placed across his shoulders1 the whole  
being similar to our scales with their  
beam4     ,illustration3 ,old ,chairs to
 mend   ,,old ,,chairs ,,to ,,mend4     
,,plate ,,xvi4   ,the ,plate exhibits   
the figure of ,israel ,potter1 one of   
the oldest menders of chairs now living1
 who resides in ,compton's ,buildings1  

,burton ,crescent1 and sallies forth by 
eight o'clock in the morning1 not with a
 view of getting chairs to mend2 for1   
from the matted mass of dirty rushes    
which have sometimes been thrown across 
his shoulders for months together1      
without ever being once opened1 it must 
be concluded that his cry of ,old chairs
 to mend avails him but little2 the fact
 is1 that like many other itinerants1 he
 goes his rounds and procures broken    
meat and subsistence thus early in the  
morning for his daily wants4  ,the      
seating of chairs with rushes cannot be 
traced further back than a century1 as  
the chairs in common as well as public  
use in the reign of ,queen ,anne had    
cane seats and backs4 ,previously to    
that time1 and even in the days of      
,elizabeth1 cushion seats and stuffed   
backs were made use of4  ,in the reign  
of ,henry the ,eighth1 and in remoter   
times1 the chairs were made entirely of 
wood1 and in many instances the backs   
were curiously carved1 either with      

figures1 grotesque heads1 or foliage4   
,most of the early chairs had arms for  
supporting elbows1 and which were also  
carved4 ,in the ,archaeologia1 published
 by the ,society of ,antiquaries1       
several representations of ancient      
chairs are given4#ad ,of the ,royal     
thrones1 the reader will find a curious 
succession1 from the time of ,edward the
 ,confessor to that of ,james the       
,first1 exhibited in the great seals of 
,england1 representations of most of    
which have been published by ,speed in  
his ,history of ,great ,britain1 and in 
,sandford's ,genealogical ,history of   
,england4  ,the cry of ,old ,chairs to  
mend6 is frequently uttered with great  
clearness1 and occasionally with some   
degree of melody4 ,suett1 the late      
facetious ,comedian1 took the cry of    
,old ,chairs to mend1 in an interlude1  
entitled1 the ,cries of ,london1        
performed some years since in the       
,little ,theatre in the ,haymarket1 and 
repeated the old lines of    ,old       

,chairs to mend6 ,old ,chairs to mend6  
,if ,i had the money that ,i could      
spend1   ,i never would cry ,old ,chairs
 to mend4#ae  ,the late ,john           
,bannister1 who performed in the same   
piece1 took the cry of ,come here's your
 scarlet ware1 long and strong scarlet  
garters1 twopence a pair1 twopence a    
pair1 twopence a pair6 which was a close
 imitation of a little fellow who made a
 picturesque appearance about the       
streets with his long scarlet garters   
streaming from the end of a pole4  ,the 
late eccentric actor ,baddeley1 who left
 a sum of money to purchase a cake to be
 eaten by his successors every ,twelfth 
,night1 in the ,green-room of ,drury    
,lane ,theatre1 took the cry of ,come   
buy my shrimps1 come buy my shrimps1    
prawns1 very large prawns1 a wine-quart 
a penny periwinkles4  ,the late ,dr4    
,owen informed the present writer that  
he had heard that the author of ,god    
save the ,king caught the tones either  
from a man who cried ,old ,chairs to    

mend1 or from another who cried ,come   
buy my door-mats2 and it is well known  
that one of ,storace's most favourite   
airs in ,no ,song no ,supper1 was almost
 wholly constructed from a common       
beggar's chaunt4     ,illustration3     
,prickle ,maker   ,,the                 
,,basket-,,maker4  ,,plate ,,xvii4      
,the man whose figure affords the       
subject of the next ,plate is a         
journeyman ,prickle-maker1 and works in 
a cellar on the western side of the     
,haymarket4 ,a prickle is a basket used 
by the wine-merchants for their empty   
bottles2 it is made of osiers unpeeled  
and in their natural state1 and the     
basket is made loose with open work1 so 
that when it is filled with bottles it  
may ride easy in the wine-merchant's    
caravan1 and without the least risk of  
breaking them4 ,the maker of prickles   
begins the formation of the bottom of   
the basket by placing the osier twigs in
 the form of a star flat upon the       
ground2 he then with another twig       

commences his weaving by twisting it    
under and over the ends of the twigs    
which meet in the centre of the star1   
and so he goes on to the extent of the  
circumference of the intended prickle2  
he then bends up the surrounding twigs1 
which are in a moist state1 and binds   
them in the middle and the top1 and thus
 the prickle is finished4 ,the formation
 of hampers for wine-merchants' sieves1 
and baskets for the gardeners and       
fishmongers1 and indeed that of all     
other basket work1 is begun in the same 
way as the prickle4 ,the basket-maker is
 seated upon a broad flat stage         
consisting of at least four boards      
clamped together1 touching the ground at
 one end1 on which his feet are placed1 
but elevated about six feet4 ,upon the  
end where he is seated free air passes  
under him1 and thus he takes less cold  
from the ground of the cellar4  ,in     
,lapland large baskets are made by two  
persons1 a man and a woman4 ,their mode 
of forming their baskets in every       

particular is similar to that of the    
,english4 ,on the banks of the ,thames1 
from ,fulham to ,staines1 there were    
formerly numerous basket-makers' huts1  
but opulent persons1 anxious to have    
houses on those delightful spots1       
purchased the ground on the expiration  
of the leases1 and erected fashionable  
villas on their site4 ,the inducement   
for the basket-makers occupying the     
sides of the ,thames1 was the great     
supply of osiers or young willows which 
grow on the aits1 particularly at       
,twickenham and ,staines4  ,the usual   
price of each prickle is two shillings  
and three pence4 ,notwithstanding the   
numbers of osiers grown in this country1
 the produce is not sufficient1 as an   
extensive importation of twigs is       
annually made from ,holland1 where      
immense quantities of baskets of every  
description are made4 ,the ,dutch are   
particularly neat and famous for their  
willow sieves1 which find a ready market
 in every country4  ,the reader may     

probably be amused with a list of those 
trades exercised in ,holland1 which in  
their pronunciation and meaning resemble
 the same in this country1 beginning    
with the    ,sieve ,maker1 which in     
,dutch is ,zeevmaker4   ,baker          
,bakker4   ,scale ,maker                
,balansmaker4   ,book ,binder           
,boekbinder4   ,brewer                  
,broonwer4   ,glass-blower              
,glasblazer4   ,glazier                 
,glazemaker4   ,goldsmith               
,goudsmit4   ,musical ,instrument ,maker
       ,instrumentmaker4   ,lanthorn    
,maker                 ,lantaarnmaker4  
,paper ,maker                           
,papiermaker4   ,perriwig ,maker        
,paruikmaker4   ,pump ,maker            
,pompemaker4   ,potter1                 
,pottebaker4   ,shoemaker               
,schoenmaker4   ,smith                  
,smit4   ,schoolmaster                  
,schoolmeester4   ,waggon ,maker        
,wagenmaker4   ,weaver                  
,weever4   ,sail ,maker                 

,zailmaker4     ,,the ,,potter4  ,,plate
 ,,xviii4   ,at about a mile from the   
back of ,jack ,straw's ,castle1         
,hampstead ,heath1 through one of the   
prettiest lanes near ,london1 the       
traveller will find that beautifully    
rural spot called ,child's ,hill4 ,this 
was the favourite walk of ,gainsborough 
and ,loutherburgh1 both of whom         
occasionally had lodgings near the      
,heath for the purpose of study2 and    
perhaps no place within one hundred     
miles of ,london affords better         
materials for the landscape painter's   
purpose than ,hampstead ,heath and its  
vicinity1 particularly that most        
delightful spot above described1 where  
the ,pottery stands1 which afforded the 
subject of the ensuing ,plate4  ,at this
 ,pottery1 which is placed in a         
sequestered dell1 the moulds used by the
 sugar bakers for casting their loaves  
of sugar in1 are made4 ,they are of     
different sizes1 turned by the moulder1 
with the assistance of a boy1 who is    

employed in keeping the lathe in motion4
 ,the clay is remarkably good1 and burns
 to a rich red colour4  ,illustration3  
,sugar-,mould ,pottery ,child's ,hill1  
,hendon  ,the following is a list of the
 places where sugar bakers' moulds are  
made1 for they are not to be had at the 
,potteries in general2 viz4 that        
above-mentioned1 at ,child's ,hill1 near
 ,hampstead ,heath1 in the parish of    
,hendon2 one at ,brentford2 one at      
,clapham2 one at ,greenwich2 three at   
,deptford2 and two at ,plumsted4 ,though
 the clay varies in texture1 and        
likewise in colour in some slight       
degree1 when baked1 on almost every spot
 where a ,pottery is erected1 yet in no 
instance does it so peculiarly differ as
 at the ,pottery in ,high ,street1      
,lambeth1 leading to ,vauxhall4 ,the    
clay principally used at that place is  
preferred by the sculptors for their    
models of busts1 figures1 and monuments4
 ,it never stains the fingers1 and is of
 so beautiful a texture that all parts  

of the model may be executed with it1 in
 the most minute degree of sharpness and
 spirit2 and1 when baked1 it is not of  
that fiery red colour1 like a tile1 but 
approaches nearer to the tone of flesh1 
has a beautiful bloom with it1 and is   
very similar1 though not quite so dark1 
as those fine specimens of ,terracottas 
in the ,towneley ,gallery1 in the       
,british ,museum4 ,the great sculptors  
,roubiliac and ,rysbrach not only       
constantly preferred it1 but brought it 
into general use among the artists4  ,at
 the ,lambeth ,pottery1 the first       
imitations of the ,dutch square white   
glazed tiles1 decorated with figures of 
animals and other ornaments1 painted in 
blue1 and sometimes purple1 were made in
 ,england4 ,the fashion of thus         
decorating the backs of chimnies was    
introduced into this country soon after 
the arrival of ,william the ,third1 and 
continued till about fifty years ago4   
,chimnies thus ornamented are frequently
 to be met with in country houses1      

particularly in bed-rooms2 but in       
,london1 where almost every body enters 
on a new fashion as soon as it appears1 
there are fewer specimens left4 ,the    
chimney of the room in ,bolt ,court1 in 
which ,dr4 ,johnson died1 was decorated 
with these tiles1 most of the subjects  
of which were taken from ,barlow's      
etchings of ,a,esop's ,fables4 ,dinner  
services were produced of the same      
material1 and painted blue or purple1   
like the above tiles4 ,sir ,james       
,thornhill1 the painter of the pictures 
which adorn the dome of ,st4 ,paul's1   
and ,paul ,ferg1 when young men1 were   
employed at the ,chelsea ,china         
manufactory1 and there are specimens of 
plates and dishes painted by them now   
and then to be met with in the cabinets 
of the curious4 ,at ,mrs4 ,hogarth's    
sale 7,sir ,james ,thornhill's          
daughter71 ,lord ,orford purchased      
twelve dinner plates painted by her     
father2 the subjects were the ,signs of 
the ,zodiac1 and they are preserved at  

,strawberry ,hill4  ,in common ware1    
jugs1 handbasins1 dinner services1 c4   
are not painted1 but printed1 the mode  
of executing which is rather curious4   
,trees1 hay-makers1 cows1 farm-houses1  
windmills1 c4 are engraved on           
copper-plates1 which are filled with    
blue colour 7smalt74 ,impressions from  
them are taken on common blotting paper1
 through the rolling press4 ,these      
impressions are immediately put on the  
earthen ware1 and when the              
blotting-paper is dry1 it is washed off1
 and the blue colour remains upon the   
dish1 c4     ,illustration3             
,staffordshire ,ware   ,,staffordshire  
,,ware4  ,,plate ,,xix4   ,of all the   
tradesmen who supply the domestic table1
 there are none more frequently called  
upon than the earthen-ware man4 ,in     
great families1 where constant cooking  
is going on1 the dust-bin seldom passes 
a day without receiving the accidents to
 which a scullery is liable1 nor is     
there1 upon an average1 a private family

 in ,england that passes a week without 
some misfortune to their crockery4 ,many
 householders set down at least ten     
pounds a year for culinary restorations2
 so that the itinerant ,staffordshire   
,ware vendor1 exhibited in the following
 plate1 is sure to sell something in    
every street he enters1 particularly    
since that ware has been brought by     
water to ,paddington1 whence he and many
 others1 who go all over the town to    
dispose of their stock in baskets1 are  
regularly supplied2 and in consequence  
of the safety and cheapness of the      
passage1 they are enabled to dispose of 
their goods at so moderate a rate that  
they can undersell the regular          
shopkeeper4  ,staffordshire is the      
principal place in ,england for the     
produce of earthen ware2 the            
manufactories cover miles of land1 and  
the minds of the people appear to be    
solely absorbed in their business4      
,coals cost them little but the labour  
of fetching2 they work from twelve to   

fourteen hours a day1 and those who     
choose to perform what they call        
over-time1 are employed sixteen hours in
 each day4 ,the men have for twelve     
hours in each day1 being common time1   
seven shillings per week2 the women four
 shillings1 and the children1 who turn  
the lathes1 two shillings and sixpence4 
,these people are so constantly at work 
and perpetually calling out turn1 when  
they wish it to go faster1 to the boy   
who gives motion to the lathe1 that it  
is said that those who fall into        
intoxication are sure1 however drunk    
they may be1 to call to the boy to turn1
 whether at work or not4 ,there are men 
who make plates1 others who make basins1
 c42 and those who make jugs1 tea and   
milkpots1 have what they call           
handle-men1 persons whose sole business 
it is to prepare the handles and stick  
them on4 ,their divisions of land1      
similar to banks or hedges1 as well as  
their roads1 for miles1 are wholly      
constructed of their broken             

earthen-ware4  ,they have their regular 
packers1 who pique themselves on getting
 in a dozen of plates more than usual in
 an immense basket4  ,when they meet    
with a clay that differs in colour from 
that they have been using1 they will    
apply themselves most readily to make up
 a batch of plates1 basins1 or tea-cups1
 well knowing the public are pleased    
with a new colour2 and it is a curious  
fact that there are hundreds of         
varieties of tints produced from the    
different pits used by these            
,staffordshire manufactories4 ,there are
 men whose business it is to glaze the  
articles1 and others who pencil and put 
on the brown or white enamel with which 
the common yellow jug is streaked or    
ornamented4 ,in the brown or yellow     
baking dishes used by the common people1
 the dabs of colour of brown and yellow 
are laid on by children1 with sticks1 in
 the quickest way imaginable4 ,the      
profits of earthen-ware in general are  
very great1 as indeed they ought to be1 

considering the brittleness of the      
article1 and the number of accidents    
they are continually meeting with1 as is
 demonstrated by their hedge-rows and   
roads4  ,an article that is sold for    
fourpence in ,london1 costs but one     
penny at the manufactory4               
,illustration3 ,hard ,metal ,spoons     
,,hard ,,metal ,,spoons ,,to ,,sell ,,or
 ,,change4  ,,plate ,,xx4   ,william    
,conway1 of ,crab ,tree ,row1 ,bethnall 
,green1 is the person from whom the     
following etching was made4 ,he was born
 in #ageb1 in ,worship ,street1 which   
spot was called ,windmill ,hill1 and    
first started with or rather followed   
his father as an itinerant trader1      
forty-seven years ago4 ,this man has    
walked on an average twenty-five miles a
 day six days in the week1 never knew a 
day's illness1 nor has he once slept out
 of his own bed4 ,his shoes are made    
from the upper leather of old boots1 and
 a pair will last him six weeks4 ,he has
 eleven walks1 which he takes in turn1  

and these are all confined to the       
environs of ,london2 no weather keeps   
him within1 and he has been wet and dry 
three times in a day without taking the 
least cold4  ,his spoons are made of    
hard metal1 which he sells1 or exchanges
 for the old ones he had already sold2  
the bag in which he carries them is of  
the thickest leather1 and he has never  
passed a day without taking some money4 
,his eyes are generally directed to the 
ground1 and the greatest treasure he    
ever found was a one pound note2 when   
quarters of guineas were in currency1 he
 once had the good fortune to pick up   
one of them4  ,he never holds           
conversation with any other itinerant1  
nor does he drink but at his dinner2 and
 it is pleasant to record1 that ,conway 
in his walks1 by his great regularity1  
has acquired friends1 several of whom   
employ him in small commissions4  ,his  
memory is good1 and among other things  
he recollects ,old ,vinegar1 a surly    
fellow so called from his brutal habits4

 ,this man provided sticks for the      
cudgel players1 whose sports commenced  
on ,easter ,monday1 and were much       
frequented by the ,bridewell-boys4 ,he  
was the maker of the rings for the      
boxers in ,moorfields1 and would cry    
out1 after he had arranged the          
spectators by beating their shins1 ,mind
 your pockets all round4 ,the name of   
,vinegar has been frequently given to   
crabbed ringmakers and boxers4 ,ward1 in
 his ,london ,spy1 thus introduces a    
,vinegar champion3    ,bred up i' th'   
fields of ,lincoln's ,inn1     ,where   
,vinegar reigns master2   ,the forward  
youth doth thence begin   ,a broken head
 to loose or win1     ,for shouts1 or   
for a plaister4  ,it is to be hoped that
 this industrious man has saved some    
little to support him when his sinews   
are unable to do their duty2 for it     
would be extremely hard1 that a man who 
has conducted himself with such honesty1
 punctuality1 and rigid perseverance1   
should be dependent on the parish1      

particularly as he declares1 and ,conway
 may be believed1 that he never got     
drunk in his life4 ,the present writer  
was much obliged to this man for a      
deliverance from a mob4 ,he had when at 
,bow commenced a drawing of a ,lascar1  
and before he had completed it1 he found
 himself surrounded by several of their 
leaders1 who were much enraged1         
conceiving that he was taking a         
description of the man's person in order
 to complain of him4 ,conway happened to
 come up at the moment1 and immediately 
exclaimed1 ,dear heart1 no1 this        
gentleman took my picture off the other 
day1 he only does it for his amusement2 
,i know where he lives2 he don't want to
 hurt the man2 on hearing which speech1 
a publican kindly took upon him to      
appease the ,lascars4     ,illustration3
 ,dancing ,dolls   ,,dancing ,,dolls4   
,,plate ,,xxi4   ,by all the aged       
persons with whom the author has        
conversed1 it is agreed that from the   
time of ,hogarth to the present day the 

street strollers with their ,dancing    
,dolls on a board have not appeared4    
,the above artist1 whose eye glanced at 
every description of nature1 and whose  
mind was perpetually alive to those     
scenes which would in any way illustrate
 his various subjects1 has introduced1  
in his inimitable print of ,southwark   
,fair1 the figure of a little man1 at   
that time extremely well known in       
,london1 who performed various tricks   
with two dancing dolls strung to a flat 
board2 his music was the bagpipes1 on   
which he played quick or slow tunes1    
according to the expression he wished to
 give his puppets4 ,these dolls were    
fastened to a board1 and moved by a     
string attached to his knee1 as appears 
in the figure of the boy represented in 
the present ,plate4 ,since the late     
,peace1 ,london has been infested with  
ten or twelve of these lads1 natives of 
,lucca1 whose importunities were at     
first made with all their native        
impudence and effrontery1 for they      

attempted to thrash the ,english boys   
that stood between their puppets and the
 spectators1 but in this they so        
frequently were mistaken that they      
behave now with a little more propriety4
  ,the sounds they produce from their   
drums during the action of their dolls  
are full of noise and discord1 nor are  
they masters of three notes of their    
flute4 ,lucca is also the birth place of
 most of those people who visit ,england
 to play the street organ1 carry images1
 or attend dancing bears or dolls4 ,in  
,italy there are many places which      
retain their peculiar trades and        
occupations2 as for example1 one village
 is inhabited by none but shoemakers1   
whose ancestors resided in the same     
place and followed a similar employment4
     ,illustration3 ,the ,dancing       
,ballad-,singer with his ,sprig of      
,sillelah and ,shamrock so green        
,,sprig ,,of ,,shillelah ,,and          
,,shamrock ,,so ,,green4  ,,plate       
,,xxii4   ,the annexed etching was taken

 from ,thomas ,m',conwick1 an ,irishman1
 who traverses the western streets of   
,london1 as a vendor of matches1 and1   
like most of his good-tempered          
countrymen1 has his joke or repartee at 
almost every question put to him1 duly  
attempered with native wit and humour4  
,m',conwick sings many of the old ,irish
 songs with excellent effect1 but more  
particularly that of the ,sprig of      
,shillelah and ,shamrock so green1      
dances to the tunes1 and seldom fails of
 affording amusement to a crowded       
auditory4  ,the throne at ,st4 ,james's 
was first used on the ,birth ,day of    
,queen ,charlotte1 after the union of   
the ,kingdoms of ,great ,britain and    
,ireland1 and the ,shamrock1 the badge  
of the ,irish nation1 is introduced     
among the decorations upon it4          
,m',conwick assured me1 when he came to 
,london1 that the ,english populace were
 taken with novelty1 and that by either 
moving his feet1 snapping his fingers1  
or passing a joke upon some one of the  

surrounding crowd1 he was sure of       
gaining money4 ,he carries matches as an
 article of sale1 and thereby does not  
come under the denomination of a pauper4
 ,now and then1 to please his           
benefactors1 he will sport a bull or    
two1 and when the laugh is increasing a 
little too much against him1 will1 in a 
low tone1 remind them that bulls are not
 confined to the lower orders of ,irish4
 ,the truth of this assertion may be    
seen in ,miss ,edgworth's ,essay on     
,irish bulls1 published #ahjc1 from     
which the following is an extract3      
,when ,sir ,richard ,steele was asked   
how it happened that his countrymen made
 so many bulls1 he replied1 ',it is the 
effect of climate1 sir2 if an           
,englishman were born in ,ireland1 he   
would make as many4' ,however1 great    
mistakes are sometimes made by the      
wisest of the ,english2 for it is       
reported of ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 that   
after he had caused a great hole to be  
made in his study door for his cat to   

creep through1 he had a small one for   
the kitten4  ,when the present writer   
gave this ,irishman a shilling for      
standing for his portrait1 he exclaimed1
 ,thanks to your honour1 an acre of     
performance is worth the whole land of  
promise4     ,illustration3 ,ginger     
,bread ,nuts   ,,gingerbread ,,nuts1    
,,or ,,jack',s ,,last ,,shift4  ,,plate 
,,xxiii4   ,the etching in front of the 
present ,plate1 was taken from ,daniel  
,clarey1 an industrious ,irishman1 well 
known to the ,london schoolboy as a     
gingerbread-nut lottery office keeper4  
,dan had fought for his country as a    
seaman1 and though from some unlucky    
circumstance he is not entitled to the  
comforts of ,greenwich ,hospital1 still 
he boasts of the honour of losing his   
leg in an engagement on the ,salt ,seas4
 ,rendered almost destitute by the loss 
of his limb1 he was nevertheless not    
wanting in wit to gain a livelihood1 and
 became a vendor of gingerbread-nuts1   
which he disposed of by way of lottery1 

and humourously calls this employment1  
,jack's last ,shift4 ,though ,dan is    
inferior in some respects to his lively 
countryman ,mc,conwick1 who has afforded
 theme for the preceding pages1 yet he  
is blessed with a sufficient memory to  
recollect what he has heard1 and has    
persuasive eloquence enough to assure   
the boys that his lottery is no ,south  
,sea ,bubble1 where1 as he tells them1  
not even saw-dust was produced1 when    
deal boards were promised2 but that     
every adventurer in his scheme is sure  
of having a prize from seven to one     
hundred nuts1 there being no blanks to  
damp the courage of any enterprizing    
youth2 that some of his gingerbread shot
 are so highly seasoned that they are as
 hot as the noble ,nelson's balls when  
he last peppered the jackets of         
,england's foes4 ,the manner of         
obtaining these gingerbread prizes is as
 follows3--,the hollow box held by      
,clarey has twenty-seven holes variously
 numbered1 and any one of the strings at

 the bottom of the box being pulled1    
causes a doll's head to appear at the   
hole1 which decides1 according to its   
number1 the good or ill fortune of the  
halfpenny adventurer4 ,he acknowledges  
to his surrounding visitors that he     
knows nothing of the lingo of his       
predecessors1 the famed ,tiddy ,dolls of
 their day1 but that he is quite certain
 that if their gingerbread rolled down  
the throat like a wheel-barrow1 his nuts
 are far superior1 for that1 should any 
one of his noble friends prove so       
fortunate as to draw a prize of one     
hundred of them1 he would be entitled to
 those of half the usual size1 so       
delicately small that they would be no  
bigger than the quack doctor's pills1   
who chalks his name on the walls far and
 near about ,london2 and as for the     
innocency of these little pills1 he had 
been assured by a leading member of the 
,society for the ,suppression of ,vice1 
who was very fond of tasting them1 that 
they would do no harm to an infant babe1

 no1 not even if they were given it on a
 ,sunday within church time4 ,this mode 
of gulling the boys with nuts of half   
the size1 if they won a double prize1   
was equalled by a well-known            
churchwarden1 within these few years1   
who1 upon his coming into office1       
ordered threepenny loaves to be made    
instead of sixpenny1 so that he might be
 respectfully saluted by as many more   
poor people as he passed through the    
church-yard on a ,sunday after his      
distribution1 and thereby obtain        
popularity4 ,nor is the device in       
question very dissimilar to the mode    
adopted in some modern private          
lotteries1 where there are no blanks to 
chagrin the purchasers4  ,the simpleton 
who attempts to sell gingerbread-nuts   
gains but little custom compared with   
the man of dashing wit2 and there have  
been many of the latter description on  
the town within memory1 particularly1   
about thirty-five years ago1 a short    
red-nosed fellow in a black bushy wig1  

who trundled a wheel-barrow through ,st4
 ,martin's ,court1 ,cranbourn ,alley1   
and the adjacent passages4 ,this man1   
who was attended by a drab of a wife to 
take the money1 was master of much      
drollery2 he would contrast the heated  
polities of the day with the mildness of
 his gingerbread1 to the no small       
amusement of ,mr4 ,sheridan1 who1 when  
on his way to the election meetings held
 at the ,shakspeare tavern1 in favour of
 his friend ,mr4 ,fox1 was once seen to 
smile and pouch this fellow a shilling2 
that distinguished mark of approbation  
from the author of the ,school for      
,scandal being gained by this           
gingerbread man by means of the         
following couplet3    ,may ,curtis1 with
 his ,speedy ,peace1 and soon1   ,send  
gingerbread up to the man in the moon4  
,this fellow would frequently boast of  
his having danced ,horne ,tooke upon his
 knee when he was shopman to that       
gentleman's father1 then a poulterer1   
or1 in genteeler terms1 a ,turkey       

,merchant1 called by the vulgar a       
,feather ,butcher1 at the time he lived 
in ,newport ,market4  ,this humourist   
had his pensioners like the dog and     
cat's meat man1 nor would he ever pass  
any of them without distributing his    
broken gingerbread and bits of biscuit3 
he was particularly kind to one man1 who
 may yet be within the recollection of  
many persons2 he was short in stature   
carried a wallet1 and wore a red cap1   
and would begin his walk through ,may's 
,buildings at six in the evening and    
arrive safely by nine at ,bedford ,bury4
 ,in his progress he would repeat the   
song of ,taffy was a ,welchman1 upon an 
average1 eight times within an hour2    
and1 in order that his singing might be 
of a piece with his crawling movements1 
his lengthened tones were made to pass  
through his nose in so inarticulate a   
manner as frequently to induce boys to  
shake him from a supposed slumber4 ,his 
name was ,richard ,richards1 but from   
his extreme sloth he was nicknamed by   

his broken-biscuit benefactor ,mr4      
,step-an-hour4 ,the money made by the   
gingerbread heroes is hardly credible2  
however1 it is of little use1 as the    
profits are generally spent in gin and  
hot suppers4     ,illustration3 ,chick  
,weed   ,,chickweed ,,and ,,groundsel4  
,,plate ,,xxiv4   ,the subject of this  
,plate is ,george ,smith1 a ,brush-maker
 out of employ1 in consequence of       
frequent visitations of the rheumatism4 
,this man1 finding affliction increase  
upon him in so great a degree as to     
render him incapable of pursuing his    
usual occupation1 determined on selling 
chickweed1 an article easily procured   
without money1 and for which there is a 
certainty of meeting at least one       
customer in almost every street1 as     
there are scarcely three houses together
 without their singing birds4  ,after a 
very short trial of his new calling1 he 
found he had no occasion to cry his     
chickweed1 for that if he only stood    
with it before the house1 so that the   

birds could see it1 the noise they made 
was sufficient1 as they generally       
attracted the notice of some one of the 
family1 who soon perceived that the     
little songsters were chirping at the   
chickweed man4 ,this can readily be     
believed by all those who keep birds1   
for the breaking of a single seed will  
elate them4  ,bryant1 in his ,flora     
,diaetetica1 p4 #id1 speaking of the    
article in question1 says1 ,this is a   
small annual plant1 and a very          
troublesome weed in gardens4 ,the stalks
 are weak1 green1 hairy1 succulent1     
branched1 about eight inches long1 and  
lodge on the ground4 ,the leaves are    
numerous1 nearly oval1 sharp-pointed1   
juicy1 of the colour of the stalks1 and 
stand on longish footstalks1 having     
membranous bases1 which are furnished   
with long hairs at their edges4 ,the    
flowers are produced at the bosoms of   
the leaves1 on long slender pedicles2   
they are small and white1 consist of    
five split petals each1 and contain five

 stamina and three styles4 ,the leaves  
of this plant have much the flavour of  
corn-sallad1 and are eaten in the same  
manner4 ,they are deemed refrigorating  
and nutritive1 and excellent for those  
of a consumptive habit of body4 ,the    
plant formerly stood recommended in the 
shops as a vulnerary4  ,buchan says of  
groundsel1 ,this weed grows commonly in 
gardens1 fields1 and upon walls1 and    
bears small yellow flowers and downy    
seeds2 it does not often grow above     
eight inches high3 the stalk is round1  
fleshy1 tolerably straight1 and green or
 reddish2 the leaves are oblong1        
remarkably broad at the bases1 blunt1   
and deeply indented at the edges2 the   
flowers grow in a kind of long cups1 at 
the top of the stalks and branches4 ,it 
flowers through all the milder months of
 the year4 ,the juice of this herb1     
taken in ale1 is esteemed a gentle and  
very good emetic1 bringing on vomiting  
without any great irritation or pain4   
,it assists pains in the stomach1       

evacuates phlegm1 cures the jaundice1   
and destroys worms4 ,applied externally1
 it is said to cleanse the skin of foul 
eruptions4     ,illustration3           
,bilberries   ,,bilberries4  ,,plate    
,,xxv4   ,bilberries are a modern       
article of sale1 and were first brought 
to ,london about forty years ago by     
countrymen1 who appeared in their       
smock-frocks1 with every character of   
rusticity4 ,in the course of a little   
time1 bilberries were so eagerly bought 
that it induced many persons to become  
vendors1 and they are now brought to the
 markets as a regular article of        
consumption for the season4  ,these     
berries mostly grow in ,hertfordshire1  
from whence indeed they are brought to  
town in very high perfection1 and are   
esteemed by the housewife as wholesome  
food when made into a pudding2 and1     
though usually sold at fourpence a pint1
 they are sometimes admitted to the     
genteel table in a tart4  ,dr4 ,buchan  
has the following remarks on the        

,bilberry-bush3 he says that it is a    
little tough shrubby plant1 common in   
our boggy woods1 and upon wet heaths4   
,the stalks are tough1 angular1 and     
green2 the leaves are small2 they stand 
singly1 not in pairs1 and are broad1    
short1 and indented about the edges4    
,the flowers are small but pretty1 their
 colour is a faint red1 and they are    
hollow like a cup4 ,the berries are as  
large as the biggest pea2 they are of a 
blackish colour1 and of a pleasant      
taste4 ,a syrup made of the juice of    
bilberries1 when not over ripe1 is      
cooling and binding4  ,among the former 
,cries of ,london1 those of             
,elderberries1 ,dandelion1 c4 were not  
unfrequent1 and each had in its turn    
physicians as well as village doctresses
 to recommend them4 ,the inner part of  
the ,elderberry-tree1 says ,dr4 ,buchan1
 is reputed to cure dropsies1 when taken
 in time1 frequently repeated and long  
persevered in2 a cooling ointment is    
made by boiling the flowers in lard till

 they are crisp1 and then straining it  
off2 the juice of the berries boiled    
down with sugar1 or without1 till it    
comes to the consistence of honey1 is   
the celebrated rob of elder1 highly     
extolled in colds and sore throats1     
though of late years it seems to have   
yielded to the preparations of black    
currants4 ,wine is made from            
elderberries1 which somewhat resembles  
,frontiniac in flavour4  ,the same      
author says of ,dandelion1 that the root
 is long1 large1 and white within2 every
 part of the plant is full of milky     
juice1 but most of all the root1 from   
which1 when it is broken1 it flows      
plentifully1 and is bitterish1 but not  
disagreeable to the taste4  ,the leaves 
are sometimes eaten as sallad when very 
young1 and in some parts of the         
,continent they are blanched like celery
 for this purpose2 taken this way1 in   
sufficient quantity1 they are a remedy  
for the scurvy4  ,bryant1 in his ,flora 
,diaetetica1 page #ajc1 says1 ,the young

 tender leaves are eaten in the spring  
as lettuce1 they being much of the same 
nature1 except that they are rather more
 detergent and diuretic4 ,boerhaave     
greatly recommended the use of dandelion
 in most chronical distempers1 and held 
it capable of resolving all kinds of    
coagulations1 and most obstinate        
obstructions of the viscera1 if it were 
duly continued4 ,for these purposes the 
stalks may be blanched and eaten as     
celery4  ,there is a fashion in the     
,cries of ,london as there are tides in 
the affairs of men1 particularly in     
articles that are used as purifiers of  
the blood4 ,about fifty years ago1      
nothing but ,scurvy-grass was thought   
of1 and the best scurvy-grass ale was   
sold in ,covent ,garden1 at the         
public-house at the corner of ,henrietta
 ,street4     ,illustration3 ,simplers  
,,simplers4  ,,plate ,,xxvi4   ,those   
persons who live in the country and rise
 with the sun can bear testimony to the 
activity of the ,simpler1 who commences 

his selections from the ditches and     
swampy grounds at that early period of  
the day1 and1 after he has filled a     
large pack for his back1 trudges for    
fifteen miles to the ,london markets1   
where perhaps he is the first who offers
 goods for sale2 he then returns back   
and sleeps in some barn until the next  
succeeding sun4 ,such an instance of    
rustic simplicity is ,william ,friday1  
whose portrait is exhibited in the      
annexed plate4 ,this man starts from    
,croydon1 with champignons1 mushrooms1  
c4 and is alternately snail-picker1     
leech-bather1 and viper-catcher4        
,simpling is not confined to men2 but   
women1 particularly in some counties1   
often constitute a greater part of the  
community1 and they appear to be a      
distinct class of beings4 ,the plate    
which accompanies this description      
exhibits three women ,simplers returning
 from market to ,croydon2 they were     
sketched on the ,stockwell ,road1 and   
are sufficient to shew their gait4  ,the

 ,simplers1 particularly the women1 are 
much attached to brass rings1 which they
 display in great profusion upon almost 
every finger3 their faces and arms are  
sunburnt and freckled1 and they live to 
a great age1 notwithstanding their      
constant wet and heavy burthens1 which  
are always earned on the loins4  ,to the
 exertions of these poor people the     
public are much indebted1 as they supply
 our wants every day2 indeed the        
extensive sale of their commodities1    
which they dispose of to the herb-shops 
in ,covent ,garden1 ,fleet1 and ,newgate
 ,markets1 must at once declare them to 
be a most useful set of people4 ,among  
the numerous articles culled from the   
hedges and the springs1 the following   
are a few in constant consumption3      
water-cresses1 dandelions1 scurvy-grass1
 nettles1 bitter-sweet1 cough-grass1    
feverfew1 hedge mustard1 ,jack by the   
hedge1 or sauce-alone4  ,dr4 ,buchan    
observes1 that ,bitter-sweet is a common
 wild plant1 with weak but woody stalks1

 that runs among our hedges1 and bears  
bunches of pretty blue flowers in       
summer1 and in autumn red berries2 the  
stalks run to ten feet in length1 but   
they cannot support themselves upright2 
they are of a bluish colour1 and1 when  
broken1 have a very disagreeable smell  
like rotten eggs4 ,the leaves are oval1 
but sharp-pointed1 and have each two    
little ones near the base2 they are of a
 dusky green and indented1 and they grow
 singly on the stalks4 ,the flowers are 
small and of a fine purplish blue1 with 
yellow threads in the middle2 the       
berries are oblong4  ,the same author1  
speaking of ,cough-grass1 says1 ,however
 offensive this weed may be in the      
fields and gardens1 it is said to have  
its uses in medicine1 and should teach  
us that the most common things are not  
therefore despicable1 since it is       
certain that nothing was made in vain4  
,the ,doctor observes1 that ,jack by the
 hedge1 or sauce alone1 is an annual    
plant1 which perishes every year1 but   

makes a figure in the spring1 and is    
common in our hedges4 ,the root is      
small1 white1 and woody1 the stalks rise
 to the height of three feet1 and are   
slender1 channelled1 hairy1 and very    
straight4 ,the leaves1 which stand on   
long foot-stalks1 are large1 broad1     
short1 and roundish2 and those which    
grow on the stalk somewhat pointed at   
the extremities1 and waved at the edges4
 ,they are of a pale yellow green       
colour1 thin and slender1 and being     
bruised1 smell like onions or garlic4   
,the flowers1 which stand ten or a dozen
 together at the tops of the branches1  
are small and white1 consisting each of 
four leaves2 these are followed by      
slender pods1 containing small longish  
seeds4 ,it is found in hedges1 and on   
bank sides1 and flowers in ,may4  ,many 
of the simples of ,england are peculiar 
to particular spots1 as the following   
extract from ,gerarde's ,herbal1 fol4   
#afcc1 ,lond4 edited by ,thomas         
,johnson1 will demonstrate4 ,navelwort1 

or wall penniwoort4 ,the first kind of  
penniwoort groweth plentifully in       
,northampton upon every stone wall about
 the towne1 at ,bristow1 ,bathe1 ,wells1
 and most places of the ,west ,countrie1
 upon stone walls4 ,it groweth upon     
,westminster ,abbey1 over the doore that
 leadeth from ,chaucer's tombe to the   
old palace4 ,from an address to his     
courteous readers1 it appears that      
,gerarde first established his ,herbal  
in the year #aeig1 in the month of      
,december1 and that he then resided in  
,holborn4 ,thomas ,johnson1 ,gerarde's  
editor1 dates his address to his reader 
from his house on ,snow ,hill1 ,oct4    
#bb1 #afcc4 ,hence it will appear that  
any thing these writers may have said   
respecting the structure of the         
buildings or topography of the suburbs  
in which they herbarized1 is to be      
depended upon4  ,snails are brought to  
market by the ,simpler1 and continue to 
be much used by consumptive persons4    
,there are various sorts which are      

peculiar to particular spots2 for       
instance1 at ,gayhurst1 in              
,buckinghamshire1 the ,helix ,pomoeria  
were there turned down for the use of   
,lady ,venetia ,digby when in a weak    
state4 ,the house now belongs to ,miss  
,wright1 a descendant of ,lord ,keeper  
,wright1 where these snails continue in 
great profusion4 ,near the old          
green-houses built by ,kent in          
,kensington ,gardens1 the same snail is 
frequently found2 it has a yellow shell1
 and was prescribed and placed there for
 ,william the ,third4  ,vipers formerly 
were sold in quantities at the ,simpling
 ,shops1 but of late years they are so  
little called for that not above one in 
a month is sold in ,covent ,garden      
,market4 ,there were regular viper      
catchers1 who had a method of alluring  
them with a bit of scarlet cloth tied to
 the end of a long stick4  ,the         
following lines are extracted from a    
curious half-sheet print1 entitled1 ,the
 ,cries of ,london1 to the tune of      

,hark1 the merry merry ,christ ,church  
bells1 printed and sold at the printing 
office in ,bow ,church ,yard1 ,london4  
,to this plate are prefixed two very    
curious old wood-blocks1 one of a       
,galantie-show man1 of the time of ,king
 ,william the ,third1 and the other of  
the time of ,james the ,first1          
representing a ,salt-box man1 and is    
perhaps one of the earliest specimens of
 that character4 ,the lines alluded to  
are3    ,here's fine rosemary1 sage1 and
 thyme6   ,come buy my ground ivy4      
,here's fetherfew1 gilliflowers1 and    
rue1   ,come buy my knotted marjorum1   
ho6   ,come buy my mint1 my fine green  
mint1   ,here's fine lavender for your  
clothes1   ,here's parsley and          
winter-savory1   ,and hearts-ease1 which
 all do choose4   ,here's balm and      
hissop1 and cinquefoil1   ,all fine     
herbs1 it is well known4     ,let none  
despise the merry merry ,cries     ,of  
famous ,london ,town6    ,here's        
pennyroyal and marygolds6   ,come buy my

 nettle-tops4   ,here's water-cresses   
and scurvy-grass6   ,come buy my sage of
 virtue ho6   ,come buy my wormwood and 
mugwort1   ,here's all fine herbs of    
every sort4   ,here's southernwood      
that's very good1   ,dandelion and      
houseleek4   ,here's dragon's tongue and
 wood sorrel1   ,with bear's foot and   
horehound4     ,let none despise the    
merry merry ,cries     ,of famous       
,london ,town6     ,illustration3       
,washerwomen   ,,washer-,,women1        
,,char-,,women1 ,,and ,,street ,,nurses4
  ,,plate ,,xxvii4   ,perhaps there is  
not a class of people who work harder   
than those washer-women who go out to   
assist servants in what is called a     
heavy wash2 they may be seen in the     
winter time1 shivering at the doors1 at 
three and four o'clock in the morning1  
and are seldom dismissed before ten at  
night1 this hard treatment being endured
 for two shillings and sixpence a day4  
,they may be divided into two classes1  
the industrious1 who labour cheerfully  

to support their little ones1 and1 too  
often1 an idle and cruel husband2 and   
those that take snuff1 drink gin1 and   
propagate the scandal of the            
neighbourhood1 seldom quitting the house
 of their employer without gaining the  
secrets of the family1 which they       
acquire by pretending to tell the       
fortunes of every one in the house to   
the servants of the family1 by the      
manner in which the grouts of the tea   
adhere to the sides of the tea-cup4     
,most of these people1 who are generally
 round-shouldered and lop-sided1 are so 
accustomed to chatter with the servants1
 that they acquire a habit of keeping   
their mouths open1 either horizontally  
or perpendicularly2 and it is evident   
from ,hollar's etchings of ,leonardo da 
,vinci's caricatures that the latter    
must have studied the grimaces of this  
class of people4 ,some of these old     
washer-women1 when they happen to meet  
with a discreet and silent domestic1    
will speak to the cat or the dog1 and   

even hold conversation with themselves  
rather than lose the privilege of       
utterance4  ,these wretches are always  
full of complaints of their coughs1     
asthmas1 or pains in the stomach1 but   
these are mere efforts to procure an    
extra glass of cordial4  ,the           
,char-women are that description of     
people who go about to clean houses1    
either by washing the wainscot1         
scrubbing the floors1 or brightening the
 pots and kettles2 they are generally   
worse drabs1 if possible1 than the      
lowest order of washer-women2 they will 
either filch the soap1 steal the coals1 
or borrow a plate1 which they never     
return2 and yet the women of this       
calling who conduct themselves with     
sobriety and honesty1 are great         
acquisitions to single gentlemen1       
particularly students in the law4  ,few 
families1 however watchful they may be  
over the conduct of their servants1 are 
aware of the extreme idleness and       
profligacy of some of them4  ,if the    

mistress of a house would for once rise 
at five o'clock1 she might behold a set 
of squalid beings engaged in whitening  
the steps of the doors2 she may even    
observe some of them1 who have procured 
keys of the area gates1 descend the     
steps to procure from the kitchen pails 
of hog-wash1 with meat and bread wrapped
 up in tattered aprons2 so that their   
servants1 by thus getting rid of the    
door-cleaning business1 remain in bed   
after the milkwoman1 by the help of a   
string1 has lowered her can into the    
area4 ,this dishonesty of the servants  
has been extended1 from a few broken    
crusts1 to the more generous gift of    
half a loaf in a morning4  ,on the      
contrary1 it is a fact too well known1  
that there are many servants who rise   
too early1 particularly those who attend
 to the flattery of men who sneak into  
houses1 pretending to be in love with   
their charming persons1 merely for the  
purpose of obtaining the surest mode of 
robbing the house1 either then or in    

future4  ,there are hundreds of old     
women who take charge of the children of
 those who go out for daily hire4 ,these
 ,nurses drag the infants in all sorts  
of ways about the streets for the whole 
day1 and sometimes treat them very ill1 
and1 imitating the mode usually adopted 
by the vulgar part of nurses in         
families1 to pacify the squalling and   
too often hungry infants1 terrify them  
with a threat that ,tom ,poker1 ,david  
,stumps1 or ,bonaparte1 are coming to   
take them away4 ,this custom of         
frightening children1 which was         
practised in very early times1 was made 
use of by the ,spanish nurses after the 
defeat of the ,armada4 ,burton1 in his  
,anatomy of ,melancholy1 part ,i1 sec4  
#b3 ,education a cause of ,melancholy4  
,there is a great moderation to be had  
in such things as matters of so great   
moment1 to the making or marring of a   
childe4 ,some fright their children with
 beggars1 bugbears1 and hobgoblins1 if  
they cry or be otherways unruly4  ,among

 the very few single prints published in
 the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth1 there  
is one engraved on wood1 measuring      
twenty inches by thirteen2 it contains  
multitudes of figures1 and is so great a
 rarity1 that the author has seen only  
one impression of it1 which is in the   
truly valuable and interesting          
collection of prints presented in the   
most liberal manner to the ,british     
,museum by ,sir ,joseph and ,lady       
,banks4  ,this print1 which has escaped 
the notice of all the writers on the    
,graphic ,art1 is entitled1             
,tittle-,tattle1 or the several         
,branches of ,gossipping2 at the foot of
 the print are the following verses1    
evidently in a type and orthography of a
 later time3    #a4    ,at childbed when
 the gossips meet1     ,fine stories we 
are told2   ,and if they get a cup too  
much1     ,their tongues they cannot    
hold4    #b4    ,at market when good    
housewives meet1     ,their market being
 done1   ,together they will crack a pot

     ,before they can get home4    #c4  
,the bakehouse is a place1 you know1    
,where maids a story hold1   ,and if    
their mistresses will prate1     ,they  
must not be controll'd4    #d4    ,at   
alehouse you see how jovial they be1    
,with every one her noggin2   ,for till 
the skull and belly be full     ,none of
 them will be jogging4    #e4    ,to    
,church fine ladies do resort1     ,new 
fashions for to spy1   ,and others go to
 ,church sometimes1     ,to shew their  
bravery4    #f4    ,hot-house makes a   
rough skin smooth1     ,and doth it     
beautify2   ,fine gossips use it every  
week1     ,their skins to purify4    #g4
    ,at the conduit striving for their  
turn1     ,the quarrel it grows great1  
,that up in arms they are at last1      
,and one another beat4    #h4           
,washing at the river's side     ,good  
housewives take delight2   ,but scolding
 sluts care not to work1     ,like      
wrangling queens they fight4    #i4     
,then gossips all a warning take1       

,pray cease your tongue to rattle2   ,go
 knit1 and sew1 and brew1 and bake1     
,and leave off ,,tittle-,,tattle4       
,illustration3 ,smithfield ,saloop      
,,smithfield ,,saloop4  ,,plate         
,,xxviii4   ,about a century ago1 almost
 every corner of the more public streets
 was occupied at midnight1 until six or 
seven in the morning1 by the sellers of 
frumenty1 barley broth1 cow-heel soup1  
and baked ox-cheek2 and in those days   
when several hundreds of chairmen were  
nightly waiting in the metropolis1 and  
it was the fashion for the bloods of the
 day to beat the rounds1 as they termed 
it1 there was a much greater consumption
 of such refreshments4  ,the scenes of  
vice at the above period were certainly 
far more frequent than they are at      
present1 for hard drinking1 and the     
visitation of brothels were then        
esteemed as the completion of what was  
termed genteel education2 and it was no 
unusual thing to see the famous ,quin1  
with his inseparable associate ,frank   

,hayman1 the painter1 swearing at each  
other in the kennel1 but both with a    
full determination to remain there until
 the watchman went his round4  ,the     
numerous songs of the day1 and the      
incomparable plates by ,hogarth1 will   
sufficiently show the folly and vice of 
those drinking times1 when the courtier1
 after attending the drawing-room of    
,st4 ,james's1 would walk in his full   
dress1 with bag and sword1 from the     
palace1 to the diabolical coffee-room of
 ,moll ,king1 in ,covent ,garden1 where 
he would mix1 sit1 and converse with    
every description of character4  ,moll  
,king's was the house now the sign of   
the ,green ,man1 and was a mere hovel1  
so destitute of accommodation that the  
principal chamber of vice was           
immediately over the coffee room1 and   
could only be ascended by a drop ladder4
  ,saloop1 the subject of this etching1 
has superseded almost every other       
midnight street refreshment1 being a    
beverage easily made1 and a long time   

considered as a sovereign cure for      
head-ache arising from drunkenness4 ,but
 no person1 unless he has walked through
 the streets from the hour of twelve1   
can duly paint the scenes of the saloop 
stall with its variety of customers4    
,whoever may be desirous of tasting     
saloop in the highest perfection1 may be
 gratified at ,reid's ,coffee ,house1#af
 ,no4 #ajb1 ,fleet ,street1 which was   
the first respectable house where it was
 to be had1 and established in the year 
#agai4 ,the following lines are painted 
on a board1 and suspended in the coffee 
room3    ,come all degrees now passing  
by1   ,my charming liquor taste and try2
   ,to ,lockyer#ag come1 and drink your 
fill2   ,mount ,pleasant#ah has no kind 
of ill4   ,the fumes of wine1 punch1    
drams1 and beer1   ,it will expell2 your
 spirits cheer2   ,from drowsiness your 
spirits free4   ,sweet as a rose your   
breath shall be4   ,come taste and try1 
and speak your mind2   ,such rare       
ingredients here are joined1   ,mount   

,pleasant pleases all mankind4  ,the    
following extract respecting saloop1 is 
taken from p4 #ch of ,flora ,diaetetica1
 or ,history of ,esculent ,plants1 by   
,charles ,bryant1 of ,norwich1 #aghc4   
,orchis ,mascula4 ,this is very common  
in our woods1 meadows1 and pastures1 and
 the powdered roots of it are said to be
 the saloop which is sold in the shops2 
but the shop roots come from ,turkey4   
,the flowers of most of the plants of   
this genus are indiscriminately called  
cuckoo-flowers by the country people4   
,though it has been affirmed that saloop
 is the root of the mascula only1 yet   
those of the morio1 and of some other   
species of orchis1 will do equally as   
well1 as ,i can affirm from my own      
experience2 consequently1 to give a     
description of the mascula in particular
 will be useless4 ,as most country      
people are acquainted with these plants 
by the name of cuckoo-flowers1 it       
certainly would be worth their while to 
employ their children to collect the    

roots for sale2 and though they may not 
be quite so large as those that come    
from abroad1 yet they may be equally as 
good1 and as they are exceedingly       
plentiful1 enough might annually be     
gathered for our own consumption1 and   
thus a new article of employment would  
be added to the poorer sort of people4  
,the time for taking them up is when the
 seed is about ripe1 as then the new    
bulbs are fully grown2 and all the      
trouble of preparing them is1 to put    
them1 fresh taken up1 into scalding hot 
water for about half a minute2 and on   
taking them out1 to rub off the outer   
skin2 which done1 they must be laid on  
tin plates1 and set in a pretty fierce  
oven for eight or ten minutes1 according
 to the size of the roots2 after this1  
they should be removed to the top of the
 oven1 and left there till they are dry 
enough to pound4  ,saloop is a          
celebrated restorative among the ,turks1
 and with us it stands recommended in   
consumptions1 bilious cholics1 and all  

disorders proceeding from an acrimony in
 the juices4  ,some people have a method
 of candying the roots1 and thus        
prepared they are very pleasant1 and may
 be eaten with good success against     
coughs and inward soreness4             
,,smithfield ,,pudding4  ,,plate ,,xxix4
   ,it would be almost criminal to      
proceed in my account of the present cry
 without passing a due encomium on the  
subject of it4 ,the good qualities of an
 ,english pudding1 more especially when 
it happens to be enriched with the due  
portion of enticing plums1 are well     
known to most of us4 ,it is a luxury to 
which our ,gallic neighbours are entire 
strangers1 and an article of cookery    
worth any dozen of their harlequin      
kick-shaws4  ,the justly-celebrated     
comedian1 ,ned ,shuter1 was so          
passionately fond of this article that  
he would never dine without it1 and     
anything that led to the bare mention of
 a pudding would burst the silence of a 
couple of hours' smoking2 he was on one 

occasion known to lay down his pipe1 and
 to exclaim1 that the dinner the        
gentleman had just described would have 
been a very good one if there had but   
been a plum-pudding4 ,the places where  
this excellent commodity is chiefly     
exposed to sale in the manner described 
in the engraving1 are those of the      
greatest traffic or publicity1 such as  
,smithfield on a market morning1 where  
waggoners1 butchers1 and drovers1 are   
sure to find their pence for a slice of 
hot pudding4 ,fleet ,market1            
,leadenhall1 ,honey ,lane1 and ,spital  
,fields1 have each their hot-pudding    
men4 ,in the lowest neighbourhoods in   
,westminster1 where the soldiers reside1
 cook-shops find great custom for their 
pudding4 ,the stalls1 near the ,horse   
,guards always have large quantities    
ready cut into penny slices1 piled up   
like boards in a timber-yard4           
,illustration3 ,smithfield ,pudding  ,at
 the time of relieving guard1 vendors of
 pudding are always to be found on the  

parade4 ,there is a black man1 a        
handsome1 well-made fellow1 remarkably  
clean in his person1 and always drest in
 the neatest manner1 who never fails to 
sell his pudding2 he also frequents the 
,regent's ,park on a ,sunday afternoon1 
and1 though he has no wit1 his nonsense 
pleases the crowd4 ,this person1 who is 
now at the top of his calling1 had a    
predecessor of the name of ,eglington1  
who likewise carried on the business of 
a tailor4  ,he was a well-made and very 
active man1 and by reason of his being  
seen in various parts of ,london nearly 
at the same time1 was denominated the   
,flying ,pudding ,man4 ,his principal   
walk was in the neighbourhood of ,fleet 
,market and ,holborn ,bridge1 and his   
smartness of dress and quickness of     
repartee gained the attention of his    
customers2 he seldom appeared but in a  
state of perfect sobriety1 and many     
curious anecdotes are related of him4   
,on the approach of ,edmonton ,fair1    
wishing to see the sports and pastimes  

of the place1 he ordered his wife to    
make as many puddings as to fill a      
hackney coach4 ,this being done1 on the 
morning of the opening of the fair a    
coach was hired for the puddings1 and   
the pudding man and pudding lady took   
their seats by the side of the coachman4
 ,on their arrival at the fair he put on
 his well-known dress1 and instantly    
commenced his cry of pudding1 whilst the
 lady supplied him from the coach4 ,in a
 few hours' time1 when his stock was all
 disposed of1 he resumed his best       
attire1 and with his fair spouse        
proceeded to visit the various shows4   
,his well-known features were soon      
recognized by thousands who frequented  
the fair1 and their jeers of hot1 hot1  
smoking hot1 resounded from booth to    
booth4 ,at the close of the day this    
constant couple walked home well laden  
with the profits they had made4 ,there  
is hardly a fight on the ,scrubs1#ai nor
 a walking match on ,blackheath1 that   
are not visited by the pudding men4     

,when malefactors were executed at      
,tyburn1 the pudding men of the day were
 sure to be there1 and indeed so many   
articles were sold1 and the cries of new
 milk1 curds and whey1 spice cakes1     
barley sugar1 and hot spice gingerbread1
 were so numerous and loud1 that this   
place on the day of execution was       
usually designated by the thousands of  
blackguards who attended it under the   
appellation of ,tyburn ,fair4 ,the      
reader may see a faithful representation
 of this melancholy and humourous scene 
by the inimitable ,hogarth1 in the      
,execution ,plate of his ,idle          
,apprentice4 ,in this engraving he will 
also find a correct figure of the       
triangular gallows1 commonly called the 
,three-legged ,mare1 and which stood    
upon the site afterwards occupied by the
 turnpike house1 at the end of ,oxford  
,street4  ,in many instances the pudding
 sold in the streets has a favourable   
aspect1 and under some circumstances    
perhaps proves a delicious treat to the 

purchaser4  ,nothing can be more        
gratifying than to enable a poor little 
chimney-sweeper to indulge his appetite 
with a luxury before which he has for   
some minutes been standing with a       
longing inclination2 and as this        
gratification can be accomplished at a  
very trifling expense1 it were surely   
much better to behold it realized than  
to see the canting ,tabernacle beggar   
carry away the pennies he has obtained  
to the gin shop4 ,it gives the writer   
great pleasure to state to the readers  
of ,jonas ,hanway's little tract in     
defence of chimney-sweepers1 that1 after
 witnessing with the most painful       
sensations the great and wanton cruelty 
which has for years been exercised upon 
that defenceless object the infant      
chimney-sweeper1 he has of late         
frequently visited several houses of    
their masters1 where he found in some   
instances that they had much better     
treatment than formerly1 and1 to the    
credit of many of the masters1 that the 

boys had been as well taken care of1 as 
to bedding and food1 as the nature of   
their wretched calling could possibly   
admit of4 ,by three or four of the      
principal master chimney-sweepers1 the  
boys were regaled on ,sundays with the  
old ,english fare of roast beef and plum
 pudding4 ,whatever may be the opinion  
of grave and elderly persons with       
respect to the lads of the present day1 
who as soon as they are indulged with a 
dandy coat by their silly mothers strut 
about like jackdaws and attempt to look 
big1 even upon their grandfathers1 yet  
we must declare1 and perhaps to the     
satisfaction of these little men of     
sixteen1 that they do not stand alone1  
for even some of the chimney-sweepers'  
boys1 particularly those of the higher  
masters1 regard the custom of dancing   
about the streets on ,may-day as low and
 vulgar1 and prefer visiting the tea    
gardens1 where they can display their   
shirt collars drawn up to their eyes4   
,certain it is that the greater number  

of those who now perambulate the streets
 as chimney-sweeps on ,may-day1 are in  
reality disguised gypsies1              
cinder-sifters1 and nightmen4 ,nor is   
the protraction of this ceremony in     
modern times from one to three days1    
even by its legitimate owners1 unworthy 
of notice in this place2 inasmuch as    
there is good reason for supposing that 
the money collected during the first two
 of those days is transferred to the    
pockets of the masters1 instead of being
 applied for the benefit of the poor    
boys1 whilst the well-meant benevolence 
of the public is shamefully deluded4    
,,the ,,bladder ,,man4  ,,plate ,,xxx4  
,within the memory of the author's      
oldest friends1 ,london has been visited
 by men similar to ,bernardo ,millano1  
whose figure is pourtrayed in the       
following ,plate4 ,about sixty years ago
 there was a ,turk1 of a most pompous   
appearance1 who entertained crowds in   
the street by playing on an instrument  
of five strings passed over a bladder1  

and drawn up to the ends of a long      
stick1 something like that exhibited in 
the etching1 and which instrument is    
said to have been the original          
hurdy-gurdy4 ,this ,turk contrived by   
the assistance of his nose1 which was a 
pretty large one1 to produce a noise    
with which most of the spectators seemed
 to be pleased4 ,the splendour of his   
dress1 and the pomposity of his manner1 
procured him a livelihood for some      
years4 ,his success induced other       
persons to imitate him2 the most        
remarkable of whom was the famous       
,matthew ,skeggs1 who actually played a 
concerto on a broomstick1 at the ,little
 ,theatre in the ,haymarket1 in the     
character of ,signor ,bumbasto4 ,his    
portrait was painted by ,thomas ,king1 a
 particular friend of ,hogarth1 and     
engraved by ,houston4 ,skeggs1 who then 
kept a public-house1 the sign of the    
,hoop and ,bunch of ,grapes1 in ,st4    
,alban's ,street1 now a part of         
,waterloo ,place1 published it himself4 

,skeggs's celebrity is noticed in the   
following extract from ,g4 ,a4 ,stevens3
 ,the choice spirits have ever been     
famous for their talents as musical     
artists4 ,they usually met at the       
harvest-homes of grape gathering4       
,there1 exhilarated by the pressings of 
the vintage1 they were wont to sing     
songs1 tell stories1 and show tricks1   
from their first emerging until their   
perihelion under the presidentship of   
,mr4 ,george ,alexander ,stevens1       
,ballad-,laureat to the ,society of     
,choice ,spirits1 and who appeared at   
,ranelagh in the character of ,comus1   
supported by those drolls of merry      
memory4 ,unparalleled were their        
performances1 as first fists upon the   
salt-box1 and inimitable the variations 
they would twang upon the forte and     
piano ,jew's harp2 excellent was ,howard
 in the chin concerto1 whose nose also  
supplied the unrivalled tones of the    
bagpipe4 ,upon the sticcado1 ,matt4     
,skeggs remains still unrivalled4 ,and  

we cannot now boast of one real genius  
upon the genuine hurdy-gurdy4 ,alas6    
these stars are all extinguished2 and   
the remains of ancient ,british harmony 
are now confined to the manly music of  
the marrow-bones and cleavers4          
,everything must sink into oblivion4    
,corn now grows where ,troy town stood2 
,ranelagh may be metamorphosed into a   
methodists' meeting-house2 ,vaux-,hall  
cut into skittle alleys2 the two        
,theatres converted into auction rooms2 
and the ,new ,pantheon become the       
stately habitation of some ,jew         
pawnbroker3 nay1 the ,sons of ,liberty  
themselves1 c4  ,illustration3          
,itinerant ,musician  ,much about this  
time another ,bladder-man was in high   
estimation1 whose portrait has been     
handed down to us in an etching by      
,miller1 from a most spirited drawing by
 ,gravelot4 ,the following verses1 which
 set forth his woful situation1 are     
placed at the foot of the ,plate3    #a4
    ,no musick ever charm'd my mind     

,so much as bladder fill'd with wind2   
,but as no mortal's free from fate1     
,nor nothing keeps its first estate1    
,a pamper'd prodigal unkind   ,one day  
with sword let out the wind6   ,my      
bladder ceas'd its pleasing sound1      
,while boys stood tantalizing round4    
#b4    ,they well may laugh who always  
win1   ,but1 had ,i not then thought on 
tin1   ,my misery had been compleat2    
,i must have begg'd about the street3   
,but none to grief should e'er give way3
   ,this canister1 ne'er fill'd with    
tea6   ,can please my audience as well1 
,and charm their ears with1 ,o ,brave   
,nell4  ,some few years since a         
whimsical fellow attracted public notice
 by passing strings over the skull of a 
horse1 upon which he played as a fidler4
 ,another man1 remarkably tall and thin1
 made a square violin1 upon which he    
played for several years1 particularly  
within the centre arches of ,westminster
 ,bridge4  ,to the eternal honour of the
 street-players of former times1 it will

 ever be remembered that the great      
,purcell condescended to set one of     
their elegies to music4 ,thomas ,farmer1
 in #afhd1 lived in ,martlet ,court1 in 
,bow ,street1 ,covent ,garden4 ,he was  
originally one of the ,london street    
waits1 and his elegy was set to music by
 ,purcell4 ,see ,hawkins's ,history of  
,music1 ,vol4 ,v4 p4 #ah4  ,the         
,guardian1 ,no4 #a1 ,march #ab1 #agac1  
notices the famous ,john ,gale4 ,there  
was1 ,i remember1 some years ago1 one   
,john ,gale1 a fellow that played upon a
 pipe1 and diverted the multitude by    
dancing in a ring they made about him1  
whose face became generally known1 and  
the artists employed their skill in     
delineating his features1 because every 
man was judge of the similitude of them4
  ,a sort of guitar or cittern1 and also
 the fiddle1 were used in this country  
so early as the year #acfd1 and may be  
seen upon a brass monumental plate to   
the memory of ,robert ,braunche and his 
two wives1 in the choir of ,st4         

,margaret's ,church at ,lynn4 ,the      
subject alluded to is the representation
 of a ,peacock feast1 consisting of a   
long table with twelve persons1 besides 
musicians and other attendants4         
,engravings of this very curious        
monument may be seen in ,gough's        
,sepulchral ,monuments1 vol4 i4 p4 #aae2
 in ,carter's ,specimens of ,ancient    
,sculpture1 vol4 ii4 plate #ae2 and in  
,cotman's ,norfolk ,brasses1 ,pl4 ,,iii4
 p4 #d4     ,,postscript4 ,,by ,,the    
,,editor4   ,the interest of the ,plates
 in ,mr4 ,smith's ,antient ,topography  
of ,london1 is much increased by        
numerous spirited little sketches of    
remarkable characters well known in the 
streets of the ,metropolis2 several of  
whom would have formed valuable         
additions1 either to his work on the    
,london ,beggars1 intituled1            
,vagabondiana1 or the present volume3 a 
few of these shall be here noticed4  #a4
 ,in the ,view of the ,old ,houses in   
,london ,wall1 p4 #fc1 the man with two 

baskets is ,,john ,,bryson1 well known  
in ,london1 particularly in rainy       
weather4 ,he had been an opulent        
fishmonger in ,bloomsbury ,market1 but  
became1 by several losses1 so reduced1  
that he latterly carried nothing except 
nuts in his basket2 but his custom to   
the last was to cry every sort of fish  
from the turbot to the perriwinkle1     
never heeding the calls of those        
unacquainted with his humour4 ,in the   
same ,plate is ,,william ,,conway1 whose
 cry of ,hard metal ,spoons to sell or  
change1 was familiar to the inhabitants 
of ,london and its environs4 ,this man's
 portrait is also given by ,mr4 ,smith  
in the present work1 p4 #fc4  #b4 ,in   
the ,view of old ,houses at the ,west   
end of ,chancery ,lane1 p4 #dh1 are     
several figures drawn from the life4    
,the woman with crutches represents     
,,anne ,,siggs4 ,she was remarkable for 
her cleanliness1 a rare quality for her 
fraternity4 ,slander1 from whose sting  
the most amiable persons are not        

invulnerable1 tempted this woman to     
spread a report of her being the sister 
of the celebrated tragedian1 ,mrs4      
,siddons4 ,from a work of singular      
character by ,mr4 ,james ,parry1 it     
appears that she was a daughter of an   
industrious breeches-maker at ,dorking  
in ,surrey4 ,another back view of this  
woman occurs in the ,plate of ,duke     
,street1 ,smithfield1 in p4 #ed4  #c4   
,the man without legs1 in the same      
print1 is ,,samuel ,,horsey1 well known 
in ,holborn1 ,fleet ,street1 and the    
,strand4 ,in #ahaf this man had been a  
,london beggar for thirty-one years4 ,he
 had a most ,herculean trunk1 and his   
weather-beaten ruddy face was the       
picture of health4 ,mr4 ,smith has given
 a back view of this beggar in          
,vagabondiana1 p4 #cg1 where are some   
further anecdotes of him4  #d4 ,the     
dwarf hobbling up ,chancery ,lane was   
,,jeremiah ,,davies1 a native of ,wales4
 ,he was frequently shewn at fairs1 and 
supported a miserable existence by      

performing sleight-of-hand tricks4 ,he  
was also very strong1 and would lift a  
considerable weight1 though not above   
three feet high4  #e4 ,the tall slender 
figure next to ,davies was a ,mr4       
,,creuse1 a truly singular man1 who     
never begged of any one1 but would not  
refuse money when offered4 ,he died in  
,middlesex ,court1 ,drury ,lane1 and was
 attended to the burial ground in that  
street by friends in two mourning       
coaches4 ,it is said he left money to a 
considerable amount behind him4  #f4 ,in
 the ,view of ,houses in ,sweedon's     
,passage1 p4 #db1 is a portrait of      
,,joseph ,,clinch1 a noisy bow-legged   
ballad-singer1 who was particularly     
famous1 about #agie1 for his song upon  
,whittington and his ,cat4 ,he likewise 
sold a coarse old woodcut of the animal1
 with its history and that of its master
 printed in the back ground4  #g4 ,in   
the view of ,winchester ,street1 p4 #fh1
 the person with the umbrella went under
 the name of ,count ,,verdion1 well     

known to ,book ,collectors4 ,this person
 was a professor of languages2 for      
several years frequented ,furnival's    
,inn ,coffee-,house2 and was a member of
 a man's benefit society held at the    
,genoa ,arms public house1 in ,hays's   
,court1 ,newport ,market4 ,this supposed
 ,count eventually proved to be a       
female1 and died of a cancer on the     
#afth ,july #ahjb1 at her lodgings in   
,charles ,street1 ,hatton ,garden1 in   
the #ehth year of her age4  #h4 ,the    
short figure1 carrying a little box1 was
 sketched from the celebrated           
corn-cutter1 ,mr4 ,,corderoy1 who       
married a lady five feet six inches     
high4  #i4 ,the figure beyond ,mr4      
,corderoy1 is that of the respectable   
,bishop of ,st4 ,,pol ,,de ,,leon2 of   
whom a portrait and memoir by ,mr4      
,eardley ,wilmot1 will be found in the  
,gentleman's ,magazine for #ahjg4  #aj4 
,in the view of ,leadenhall ,street1 p4 
#eb1 the figure with a wig-box in his   
hands represents ,,joseph ,,watkins1    

born in #agci at ,richmond1 in          
,yorkshire2 by trade a barber1 and a man
 of retentive memory4 ,he frequently    
shaved ,hogarth1 whom he knew well1 and 
said he was the last person in ,london  
who wore a scarlet roquelaure4 ,he had  
gathered blackberries on the north side 
of the road now ,oxford ,street1 and    
remembered the old triangular gallows at
 ,tyburn1 as represented in the         
,execution ,plate of the ,idle          
,apprentice4  #aa4 ,the next figure is  
that of a draggle-tailed bawler of dying
 speeches1 horrid murders1 elegies1 c4  
#ab4 ,the female in a morning jacket was
 sketched from the celebrated ,mrs4     
,,elizabeth ,,carter1 the learned       
translator of ,epictetus4 ,she died     
,feb4 #ai1 #ahjf4  #ac4 ,the clumsy     
figure in a white coat1 holding a goose1
 was well known about town as a vender  
of aged poultry4  #ad4 ,the figure with 
a cocked hat1 was a dealer in old iron1 
a man well known at auctions of building
 materials1 and was nicknamed by the    

brokers as ,,old ,,rusty4  ,in #ahae    
,mr4 ,smith published a separate        
whole-length portrait of ,henry         
,dinsdale1 nicknamed ,sir ,harry        
,dimsdale1 mayor of the mock ,borough of
 ,garret1 aged #ch1 anno #ahjj4 ,it     
forms a good companion to his           
,vagabondiana4 ,dinsdale was by trade a 
muffin-man4 ,there is also a spirited   
head of ,dinsdale by ,mr4 ,smith2 and   
his portrait1 in his court dress1 is    
copied into ,hone's ,every ,day ,book1  
vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #hbi1 where1 by mistake1  
it is called ,sir ,jeffrey ,dunstan4    
,p4 #i4 ,hand's ,bun-house at ,chelsea  
was pulled down ,april #ah1 #ahci4 ,see 
,gentleman's ,magazine for ,may #ahci4  
,in p4 #ed the cry of ,young ,lambs to  
,sell is noticed4 ,it may be added1 that
 in ,hone's ,table ,book1 p4 #cif1 is a 
spirited engraving of ,william ,liston1 
an old soldier1 with one arm and one    
leg1 who1 in #ahba1 carried about ,young
 ,lambs to ,sell4 ,the first crier of   
,young ,lambs to ,sell1 ,mr4 ,hone says1

 was a maimed sailor1 and with him      
originated the manufacture4   ,,the     
,,end4   ,j4 ,b4 ,nichols and ,son1     
,printers1 #be1 ,parliament-street4     
,,footnotes3  #a ,the remaining copies  
of this curious work having fallen into 
the hands of ,messrs4 ,nichols1 it may  
now be had1 with all the supplementary  
,plates properly arranged1 and with     
others added to them4  #b ,a copy of the
 ,life of ,nollekens1 enriched with the 
greater portion of the autograph        
correspondence mentioned therein1 and   
with numerous drawings1 portraits1 and  
prints1 is in the possession of ,mr4    
,upcott2 a nearly similar copy is also  
in the library of ,william ,knight1 of  
,canonbury-house1 ,islington1 esq4 who  
possesses by far the most complete and  
valuable series of ,mr4 ,smith's graphic
 and literary labours4 ,his copy of the 
,history and ,antiquities of            
,westminster1 with numerous drawings of 
,st4 ,stephen's ,chapel1 taken by the   
,bucklers after the recent              

conflagration1 is at once unique and    
unrivalled4  #c ,mr4 ,smith went to     
breakfast with ,mr4 ,kean1 who met him  
in the ,hall1 and asked him if he would 
like to see his lion2 at the same moment
 introduced him to the beast in the     
parlour1 who fawned about him2 ,mr4     
,kean became alarmed1 and enticed the   
animal to the window1 whilst ,mr4 ,smith
 went up to ,mrs4 ,kean in the          
drawing-room1 who1 on hearing of the    
circumstance1 exclaimed1 ,is ,edmund    
mad8 ,mr4 ,smith that morning made a    
sketch of the lion in his den4  #d ,this
 painted glass1 #bd inches by #af1      
commemorates a very valuable benefaction
 to the parish of ,lambeth1 by a person 
unknown1 of a piece of land1 called1 in 
#aejd1 ,church ,hope2 in #afbc1 the     
,church ,oziers1 or ,ozier ,hope2 and in
 #afij1 ,pedlar's ,acre2 let in #aejd at
 #bs4 #h;d41 and now covered with houses
 and wharfs4 ,hope or ,hoope signifies  
an isthmus or neck of land projecting   
into the river1 or an inclosed piece of 

low marsh land4 ,by the ,churchwardens' 
,accounts1 in #afjg1 it appears there   
was then a picture of the ,pedlar2 but  
the present pane is thus noticed3 #agjc4
 ,march #f4 ,paid ,mr4 ,price for a new 
glass ,pedler ,l#b4 ,nichols's ,lambeth 
,parish1 pp4 #cj1 #ca1 #ci2 ,allen's    
,lambeth1 p4 #fb2 in both which works   
are also representations of this painted
 glass4 ,n4  #e ,a view of this house is
 given in the ,gentleman's ,magazine for
 ,may #ahja4 ,dr4 ,swift1 in his        
,journal to ,stella1 ,nov4 #ae1 #agab1  
mentioning the death of the ,duke of    
,hamilton1 in a duel with ,lord ,mahon1 
says1 the ,duke was helped towards the  
,cake-house by the ,ring in ,hyde ,park 
7where the duel was fought71 and died on
 the grass before he could reach the    
house4 ,n4  #f ,this curious series of  
the ,cries of ,london1 drawn after the  
life1 was engraved on #gd copper-plates 
by ,tempesta1 after ,laroon4 ,it is     
noticed in ,hone's ,table ,book1 vol4   
ii4 p4 #aca1 where twenty of these      

,cries not now heard in the streets are 
described1 and the following figures are
 copied4 #a4 ,buy a fine singing bird1  
vol4 i4 p4 #eaj2 #b4 ,six pence a pound1
 fair cherries2 and #c4 ,troop every    
one6 the seller of hobby-horses1 toys   
for children1 i4 #fhf2 #d4 ,any         
,new-,river water here1 p4 #gcc2 #e4    
,fine ,writing ,ink2 and #f4 ,buy an    
,iron ,fork1 or a ,spoon1 vol4 ii4 p4   
#dca4 ,the ,set of ,cries by ,paul      
,sandby1 consists of twelve4 ,both these
 have many real portraits4 7,gough's    
,brit4 ,top4 i4 #fhi47 ,n4  #g ,it is   
much to be regretted that ,mr4 ,smith   
never completed this work1 for which he 
had collected valuable materials1 which 
we fear are dispersed4 ,n4  #h          
,representations of these cressets are  
given in ,douce's ,illustrations of     
,shakspeare1 and in ,hone's ,every ,day 
,book1 i4 #hca4 ,n4  #i ,stowe1 edit4   
#afah1 p4 #afj4 ,these extracts from    
,stowe attracted the notice of ,mr4     
,hone1 who has inserted them1 with many 

suitable remarks1 in his ,every ,day    
,book1 i4 #hbg4 ,n4  #aj ,this work was 
very popular4 ,the eighth edition bears 
this title3 ,english ,villanies1 eight  
several times prest to ,death by the    
,printers1 but still reviving again1 are
 now the eighth time 7as at the first7  
discovered by ,lanthorne and            
,candlelight1 c4 ,lond4 #afah4 ,n4  #aa 
,copied in ,hone's ,table ,book1 vol4 i4
 p4 #gcc4 ,n4  #ab ,elizabeth1 one of   
the learned and accomplished daughters  
of ,sir ,anthony ,cooke1 ,knt4 was first
 married to ,sir ,thomas ,hobye1 7who   
died at ,paris in #aeff47 ,she was      
afterwards married to ,john ,lord       
,russell1 7who died in #aehd72 and      
having lived his widow #be years1 was   
buried at ,bisham1 ,june #b1            
#afji4--,nichols's ,progresses of ,queen
 ,elizabeth1 ,,iii4 #acb4 ,n4  #ac ,sir 
,thomas de ,veil died ,oct4 #g1 #agdf1  
in his #fc;d year1 and was buried at    
,denham1 ,bucks4 ,a good memoir of him  
will be found in ,gent4 ,mag4 for #agdg1

 p4 #efb4 ,n4  #ad ,since this work was 
written1 an excellent work on ,ancient  
,furniture has been published1 the      
plates engraved by ,henry ,shaw1        
,f4,s4,a4 and described by ,sir ,samuel 
,r4 ,meyrick1 ,k4,h4 ,f4,s4,a4  #ae     
,this appears to have been an adaptation
 from--    ,young ,lambs to sell6 ,young
 ,lambs to sell6   ,if ,i'd as much     
money as ,i could tell   ,i never would 
cry1 ,young ,lambs to sell6  #af ,the   
lovers of saloop can no longer enjoy    
their favourite beverage at this the    
original shop1 it having been closed as 
a coffee-house in ,june #ahcc1 the      
proprietor having been unfortunately too
 fond of liquor more spirituous than his
 own saloop4 ,it is now a               
shoe-warehouse4 ,n4  #ag ,lockyer was   
the name of the first proprietor of the 
house4  #ah ,mount ,pleasant is in      
,america1 and produces the sassafras1   
from which the proprietor of the above  
coffee-house made the saloop4  #ai      
,wormholt or ,wormwood ,scrubs1 in the  

parish of ,hammersmith4 ,the following  
is extracted from the ,sporting         
,magazine1 ,oct4 #ahjb1 p4 #ae4 ,on     
,thursday a pitched battle1 for twenty  
guineas a side1 was fought between      
,o',donnel and ,pardo ,wilson1          
brother-in-law to ,belcher2 and the     
ground fixed upon for the combat was the
 ,scrubs1 through which the ,paddington 
canal runs1 about four miles from ,hyde 
,park ,corner4 ,wormholt ,scrubs has    
long been rented of the parish of       
,hammersmith by the ,government as an   
exercise ground for the cavalry4 ,at the
 present time ,wormholt ,scrubs is      
traversed by three railways1 the ,london
 and ,birmingham1 the ,great ,western1  
and one now making to join the two      
former ones with the ,thames4 ,n4       
,of ,nichols and ,son1 may be had1      
,price #el4 #es4    ,a ,,new ,,edition  
,,of   ,,the ,,antiquities ,,of         
,,westminster1   ,,the ,,old ,,palace1  
,,st4 ,,stephen',s ,,chapel1 c4         
,,illustrated ,,by   ,,three ,,hundred  

,,and ,,thirty ,,engravings   ,,of      
,,topographical ,,subjects1   ,,of      
,,which ,,the ,,greater ,,part ,,no     
,,longer ,,exist4    ,,drawn ,,on ,,the 
,,spot1 ,,or ,,collected ,,from ,,scarce
 ,,drawings   ,,or ,,paintings1    ,,by 
,,john ,,thomas ,,smith4   ,in this     
,edition the ,sixty-two additional      
,plates1 published subsequently to the  
original ,work1 are inserted in their   
proper places2 together with twenty-two 
other ,plates strictly illustrative of  
,mr4 ,smith's publication2 forming      
together a collection of ,engravings    
illustrative of the antient ,city of    
,westminster unequalled in any other    
work4