,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,publications ,9 ,am]ican ,ar*aeology & ,e?nology ,vol4 #ae1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #cdc-chd ,octob] #bi1 #aibj ,,kankanay ,,c]emonies ,by ,c4 ,r4 ,,moss ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,press ,b]keley ,,cont5ts ,introduction ,t]ritory ( ! ,kankanay ,p]sonal appe>ance & traits ,indu/rial life ,cu/om law ,comp>ative culture ,c]emonial sy/em ,g5]al comp>ison ) ! ,nabaloi ,spirits & deities ,purpose ,prie/hood ,div9ation ,spok5 ritual ,danc+ & songs ,om5s & taboo ,comp>ative ,nabaloi & s\!rn ,kankanay c]emonies ,lepanto ,kankanay c]emonies ,p>ticul> c]emonies ,b9dian ,pasang ,m&it ,abasang ,dawak & ,basit ,sibisib ,batbat ,gays+ ,kapi ,galon ,amlag ,mangil9 ,lawit ,mansiyanun ,t+it+ ,sil+ ,palis ,pugas ,buang ,kiad ,mayilutlutkan ,kosde ,palis *i ,kabunian ,bugid ,mantuis ,bilig ,pungau ,bilong ,bugak ,maydosadan ,saldi ,manbat+ ,bilig ,liblibian ,dagas ,ampasit ,laglagiw9 ,dayau ,tanong ,tamo ,sagausau ,my?s ,orig9 ( ! big & little ?und] ,orig9 ( ?und] & lightn+ ,! m\nta9 ,kabunian ,! orig9 ( man ,,introduction ,,t]ritory ,,( ,,! ,,kankanay ,s9ce ! ,kankanay h be5 /udi$ v little1 ! exact ext5t ( _! culture area is n at pres5t c]ta94 ,! ,igorot ( nor!rn ,b5guet1 & almo/ all ( ! p liv+ 9 ,amburayan & s\!rn ,lepanto1 speak ! same dialect1 h simil> cu/oms1 & call !mselves by ! same "n1 ,kakanay or ,kankanay4 ,! p ( ?is gr\p h no important cultural features by :i* to di/+ui% !m f ! ,nabaloi1 & l+ui/ics is ! only basis on :i* !y may be class$ z a sep>ate unity4 ,! inhabitants ( nor!rn ,lepanto call !mselves ,katangnang1 speak a v>iation ( ! dialect spok5 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! sub-prov9ce1 & h "s cu/oms1 su* z communal sleep+ h\ses = unm>ri$ boys & girls1 :i* are m simil> to c]ta9 cu/oms ( ! ,bontoc ?an to any f\nd among ! s\!rn ,igorot4 ,x might also be m5tion$ t ! t[ns ( nor!rn ,lepanto are comp>atively l>ge & compact l ^? ( ,bontoc1 :ile ! ,kankanay ( s\!rn ,lepanto z well z ^? ( ,b5guet & ,amburayan live 9 scatt]$ settlem5ts4 ,ano!r diff]5ce is ! am\nt ( au?ority ex]cis$ by ! baknang or weal?y class4 ,9 nor!rn ,lepanto ! baknang are comp>atively unimportant1 :ile among ! s\!rn ,kankanay !y are z p[]ful z among ! ,nabaloi4 ,h[ev]1 ! be/ au?orities reg>d practically all ! ,lepanto ,igorot z ,kankanay4 ,?is seems to be advisable at pres5t1 b x is n improbable t a m ?or\gh /udy ( ! ,katangnang 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! sub-prov9ce w result 9 _! be+ class$ z a sep>ate gr\p4 ,reg>d+ ! ,igorot ( nor!rn ,lepanto z ,kankanay1 ! t]ritorial limits ( ! tribe are approximately z foll[s3 ,on ! nor?1 ! ,lepanto-,bontoc sub-prov9cial b\nd>y2 on ! ea/1 ! we/]n b\nd>y l9e ( ,ifugao2 on ! s\?1 a l9e pass+ ne> ! s\!rn limits ( ,alilem & ,bacun1 !n ?r\gh ! s\!rn "p ( ,kapangan betwe5 ! b>rios ( ,kapangan & ,datakan1 !n ?r\gh ! t[n%ip ( ,atok a little nor? ( ! c5tral b>rio1 & !n ?r\gh ! s\!rn b>rios ( ,buguias2 & on ! we/1 a l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! foo?ills ( ,amburayan & ,lepanto4 ,,p]sonal ,,appe>ance ,,& ,,traits ,9 p]sonal appe>ance ! majority ( ! ,kankanay are v simil> to ! ,nabaloi except = ! fact t !y h h>dly b5efit$ z mu* ?r\gh contact ) ! outside _w4 ,except 9 ! case ( ^? :o live ne> ! sub-prov9ce ( ,bontoc1 x is r difficult to di/+ui% a ,kankanay man f a ,nabaloi4 ,! wom5 ( ! two tribes are easily di/+ui%$ by a diff]5ce 9 dress1 s9ce ! ,kankanay wom5 we> a wai/ in/ead ( a jacket1 & a pla9 skirt in/ead ( ! k9d ) ! fold$ effect worn by ! ,nabaloi4 ,9 p]sonal traits ! ,b5guet ,kankanay are simil> to ! ,nabaloi1 b f>!r nor? ! p are m self-ass]tive & indep5d5t4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ?is respect betwe5 ! c>gadores ( ! v>i\s culture areas is noticeable4 ,9 ,b5guet !y w g5]ally c>ry )\t prote/ :atev] size load !y are giv51 b 9 ,bontoc ! c>gador decides exactly h[ mu* he w c>ry4 ,:ile wait+ = 8 load1 ! ,b5guet man w probably rema9 out 9 ! road1 ! ,lepanto man 9 ! y>d1 ! ,ifugao on ! por*2 b ! ,bontoc man comes into ! h\se & acts z if he 7 9 all respects ! equal ( ! "o = :om he c>ries4 ,,indu/rial ,,life ,9 agriculture & ! indu/rial arts ! ,kankanay & ! ,nabaloi h made ab\t equal progress1 & practically ev]y?+ t might be said ( ! "o applies equally to ! o!r4 ,! /&>d ( liv+ is ab\t ! same1 except t z a rule ! ,nabaloi h m rice4 ,! h\ses & ! me?od ( _! con/ruction are simil>1 b !re is a l>g] proportion ( good h\ses among ! ,nabaloi4 ,! h\sehold furni%+s ( ! two peoples consi/ ( ! same or ( simil> articles4 ,,cu/om ,,law ,! cu/om law ( ! s\!rn ,kankanay diff]s f t ( ! ,nabaloi only 9 unimportant details4 #a ,! ord] ( inh]itance is ! same1 & ! g5]al pr9ciple t prop]ty mu/ g to ! next g5]ation & t p>5ts1 bro!rs1 & uncles c hold x 9 tru/ only1 applies to ! s\!rn ,kankanay z well z to ! ,nabaloi4 ,ano!r pr9ciple ( common application by ! two tribes is t all relatives ( ! same degree1 :e!r male or female1 inh]it equally4 ,! s\!rn ,kankanay & ! ,nabaloi also h simil> cu/oms 9 reg>d to m>riage1 & *ildr5 are betro!d by _! p>5ts 9 ! same way4 ,among ! nor!rn ,kankanay ! "y p *oose _! own sp\ses z !y d 9 ,bontoc4 ,divorces among ! ,kankanay are r frequ5t1 ?\gh !y claim t !y are nev] divorc$ aft] *ildr5 h be5 born4 ,i "k ( two cases ( divorce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ,kankanay wives & _! ,nabaloi husb&s aft] !re 7 *ildr54 ,9 g5]al1 ! cu/oms ( ! s\!rn ,kankanay & ! ,nabaloi reg>d+ ! discov]y & puni%m5t ( crime are ! same2 b a l>g] proportion ( cases are settl$ by ! ,kankanay accord+ to _! old cu/om law1 s9ce ! ,nabaloi h lately become m prone to take _! tr\bles to ! :ite (ficials4 ,all ! ordeals kn[n to ! ,nabaloi = discov]+ crim9als or te/+ ! v]acity ( witnesses are us$ by ! ,b5guet ,kankanay4 ,9 addition to ^! !y h ! te/ call$ manman1 decid$ by look+ at ! gall ( two *ick5s furni%$ by ! respective conte/ants4 ,! ,kankanay z well z ! ,nabaloi conte/ant always appeals to ! sun4 ,tak5 z a :ole ! cu/om law ( ! s\!rn ,kankanay & ! ,nabaloi is ! same2 & judg+ f ! in=mation at pres5t available we may conclude t all ! ,igorot gr\ps adm9i/] ju/ice accord+ to ! same basic pr9ciples4 ,,comp>ative ,,culture ,!re is little diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( g5]al k possess$ by ! ,kankanay & ! ,nabaloi1 b ! latt] are probably a little m advanc$ 9 ?is respect4 ,:atev] may be said ( _! native culture1 ! ,nabaloi are c]ta9ly %[+ a great] read9ess to adopt civilization ?an any o!r ,igorot p4 ,comp>+ ! g5]al ,kankanay culture to t ( ! neighbor+ gr\ps1 ,i %\ld say t x is l[] ?an ! culture ( ! ,nabaloi & high] ?an t ( ! ,bontoc4 ,9 "s respects x is sup]ior to ! culture ( ! ,ifugao or ,kal+a1 :ile 9 o!r respects x is inf]ior4 ,,c]emonial ,,sy/em ,,g5]al ,,comp>ison ,,) ,,! ,,nabaloi ,! ,kankanay c]emonial sy/em is simil> to t ( ! ,nabaloi4 #b ,! rituals are ! same 9 g5]al purpose2 !y are bas$ on a simil> belief 9 spirits2 ! important elem5ts ( bo? sy/ems are sacrifice & pray]2 & ! functions ( ! prie/s are ! same4 ,! c]emonies ( ea* gr\p mu/ be giv5 9 _! appropriate places1 & a p>ticul> sacrifice mu/ be (f]$ 9 connection ) ea*1 ?\gh !re is probably m latitude ( *oice among ! ,kankanay ?an among ! ,nabaloi4 ,!re are ,kankanay c]emonies correspond+ 9 purpose to ne>ly all ! ,nabaloi c]emonies1 b z a rule ! spok5 ritual is q diff]5t4 ,"s ( ! correspond+ c]emonies are call$ by ! same "n1 & "s by diff]5t names4 ,9 a few cases c]emonies call$ by ! same "n are celebrat$ = entirely diff]5t purposes by ! two gr\ps4 ,!re is n ! same uni=mity 9 ! c]emonies celebrat$ 9 ! v>i\s t[ns ( ! ,kankanay z !re is 9 ^? ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,z a rule ! same rituals are held 9 ! t[ns ( nor?we/]n ,b5guet1 9 ,ampasungan ( ,lepanto1 & 9 ,bacun ( ,amburayan4 ,buguias & ,mancayan h ! majority ( ^! c]emonies1 b n all4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a few are celebrat$ 9 ! latt] t[ns :i* are unkn[n 9 ! =m]4 ,f ! data available1 x seems t !re is ev5 m diff]5ce betwe5 ! c]emonies ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn ,kankanay ?an !re is betwe5 ^? ( ! latt] & ! ,nabaloi4 ,x is q c]ta91 h[ev]1 t all ! ,lepanto c]emonies h n be5 record$1 & :5 ?is has be5 done ! rituals ( ! two sections may %[ a clos] resemblance ?an at pres5t appe>s to be ! case4 ,,spirits ,,& ,,deities ,! s\!rn ,kankanay h no t]m by :i* a supreme rul] ( ! univ]se is designat$1 & x is d\btful if any ,kankanay1 ) ! exception ( a few :o live ne> ! coa/1 h any conception ( su* a p]sonage4 ,! translation ( ,lumawig z ,god 9 connection ) ! description ( "s ( ! c]emonies pres5t$ 9 ,rob]tson's publication on ! ,lepanto ,igorot1 #c may be expla9$ by ! t5d5cy ( ! ,ilocano t[n%ip secret>ies :o did ! record+1 to int]pret ,igorot rituals 9 t]ms ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x seems t all ! ,igorot tribes t h s f> be5 /udi$ recognize ,lumawig z "o ( _! great culture h]oes4 ,! ,b5guet ,kankanay say t he once liv$ on e>? & 0 "o ( !m1 & t :5 he di$ 8 s\l did n g to ! m\nta9s ) ! s\ls ( ! o!r ,igorot1 b asc5d$ to ! sky1 :]e x /ill rema9s ) ! s\ls ( ,kabigat1 ,amdoyaan1 & ! o!r great h]oes ( ! pa/4 ,all ! culture h]oes are objects ( wor%ip4 ,! kakad+ are ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,!y g to ! m\nta9s b sometimes return to _! villages & cause sickness 9 ord] t sacrifice w be necess>y4 ,! tanong & amud are s\ls ( ance/ors4 ,! ,kankanay z well z ! ,nabaloi believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( spirits o!r ?an ! s\ls ( ! dead1 :i* cause sickness or bad luck4 ,_! concept ( ! special functions ( ea* class ( spirits1 h[ev]1 is n 9 all cases ! same z t ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,! belief 9 ! amdag :i* cat* ! s\ls ( ! liv+ ) a net1 & 9 ! pasang :i* prev5t ! bir? ( *ildr51 is common to bo? tribes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ampasit & ! timungau1 malevol5t spirits ( ! ,nabaloi1 seem to be reg>d$ r z culture h]oes by ! ,kankanay4 ,9 addition to ! amdag & ! pasang1 ! s\!rn ,kankanay recognize ! foll[+3 ,! dagas1 spirits :i* live ) ! p 9 _! dwell+ h\ses4 ,! bilig1 spirits :i* live 9 ! pa/ure or timb] l&s ne> ! settlem5ts4 ,! p9ad+1 spirits :i* live 9 ! high m\nta9s1 & correspond 9 "s respects to ! kakais+ ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,! ,kankanay belief 9 ,messek51 ,akodau1 & ! o!r inhabitants ( ! und]world is ! same z t ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,! belief reg>d+ ! und]world seems to be held 9 common by all ! ,igorot tribes & to ext5d to ! ,t+uian ( ,abra4 ,! ,kankanay 9 a v few c]emonies pray to ! sun & moon1 b x is n probable t !y pray to gr\ps ( />s z d ! ,nabaloi4 ,! elem5ts are frequ5tly p]sonifi$ 9 ! sacr$ /ories1 b x is n probable t pray] is (f]$ to !m4 ,,purpose ,! ,kankanay make c]emonies = ! same g5]al purpose z ! ,nabaloi4 ,! majority ( !m are celebrat$ prim>ily aga9/ sickness1 or to av]t calamities1 su* z crop failure4 ,incid5tally1 all public c]emonies secure ! good w ( deities & spirits1 & cause ! giv] to live long1 be lucky1 & become ri*4 ,! matt] ( p]sonal pride & desire ( p[] is also an important factor1 & x is said t ! mo/ exp5sive canao celebrat$ by "s ( ! ,lepanto ,kankanay is giv5 = no o!r purpose4 ,i ?9k ?is is d\btful1 h[ev]1 & believe x probable t all canaos possess "s religi\s significance1 ev5 :5 ! giv]s h a mat]ial motive4 ,ano!r reason = c]emonies giv5 by a memb] ( ! ,kankanay baknang might be int]e/+4 ,he /at$ t if he did n give ! m&it & o!r public canaos at frequ5t int]vals1 all 8 live/ock w\ld be /ol51 b t z long z ! p knew t !y w\ld consume ! l>g] numb] ( 8 animals1 !y 7 will+ t he %\ld h ! tr\ble & responsibility ( rais+ !m4 ,,prie/hood ,z ) ! ,nabaloi1 ! mambunong is an in/itution2 ?\gh ! ,kankanay h m occasions on :i* !y address ! spirits & deities )\t 8 int]v5tion ?an ! ,nabaloi4 ,except 9 ,buguias ! c]emonies are n %r\d$ 9 my/]y to ! same ext5t t !y are among ! ,nabaloi1 & ! p h m g5]al k conc]n+ !m4 ,! comp5sation all[$ ! prie/ is ab\t ! same z among ! ,nabaloi1 & ! prie/s appo9t _! successors 9 ! same way2 t is1 by select+ ! "o to :om ! pray] is taught4 ,,div9ation ,anap1 mean+ to f9d out1 is ! g5]al "n = ! ,kankanay div9ation c]emonies4 ,?ree me?ods are us$4 ,! mambunong puts tapuy 9 a glass & prays1 ask+ ! gods to %[ :at caus$ ! sickness & :at c]emony %\ld be celebrat$ to effect its cure4 ,he !n looks into ! tapuy :]e he sees some?+ indicat+ ! cause ( ! sickness & ! c]emony to be celebrat$4 ,?is me?od corresponds to ! ,nabaloi bakno4 ,a /one is susp5d$ by a /r+1 ! mambunong prays1 ! v>i\s rituals are nam$2 if ! /one moves at ! m5tion ( a c]emony1 t "o mu/ be celebrat$4 ,?is me?od corresponds to ! ,nabaloi sabat4 ,an egg is /ood on end on ! gr\nd1 ! rituals are nam$1 & ! "o to be giv5 is det]m9$ by ! fall+ ( ! egg4 ,?is corresponds to ! buyon ( ! ,nabaloi1 except t ! latt] use a /ick in/ead ( an egg4 ,! exam9ation ( ! gall ( a *ick5 is us$ to det]m9e :e!r or n "o w be lucky 9 do+ a c]ta9 ?+1 or :e!r a sick p]son w recov]4 ,?is div9ation is call$ manman4 ,,spok5 ,,ritual ,z ) ! ,nabaloi1 ! spok5 ritual consi/s ( ei!r a petition or a /ory :i* s]ves z a magical =mula4 ,! =mula seems to be us$ to a great] ext5t by ! ,kankanay ?an by ! ,nabaloi4 ,! pray] or =mula mu/ always be utt]$ at ! appropriate place & 9 ! prop] circum/ances1 or else x w n be effective4 ,! use ( ! =mula z well z ! pray] seems to be common to all tribes ( ! ,igorot includ+ ! ,t+uian4 #d ,,danc+ ,,& ,,songs ,!re is no danc+ 9 connection ) ! private c]emonies2 b ! tayo1 a dance by "o man & woman at a "t1 =ms a "p ( ne>ly all public c]emonies4 ,! dance is ! same z ! tayau ( ! ,nabaloi except t ! ,kankanay dance to fa/] "t4 ,! "t is fa/] among ! nor!rn ?an among ! s\!rn ,kankanay4 ,:ile ! dance is 9 progress ! mambunong %\ts ! foll[+ at int]vals ( ab\t t5 m9utes to ! man :o is danc+3 ,baliwatak sika2 matagoga1 maganakka2 bomaknangka2 bomaknang abu tomoi mansida2 bamaknang abu babayi manadong tauwadi1 kas9s9opantaka si oaoay4 ,i give y ?is bless+3 may y live long1 may y h *ildr52 may y be ri*2 may ! giv] ( ?is c]emony also be ri*2 may ! wom5 danc+ also be ri*1 s t !re w be our ga!r+ toge!r always4 ,:ile ! mambunong is recit+ ! baliwak1 ! man /ops danc+1 b ! woman cont9ues4 ,! baliwak corresponds to ! datok ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,! typical dances ( ! ,nabaloi & ! ,kankanay are v simil>1 b ?is c n be /at$ ( ! dances ( any ( ! o!r ,igorot tribes4 ,! ,bontoc1 ,ifugao1 ,apayao1 & ,kal+a dances all diff] consid]ably1 & ev5 ! mo/ common dances 9 v>i\s t[ns ( ! same tribe diff] to su* an ext5t t an inhabitant ( "o t[n c n take "p 9 a dance ( ano!r4 ,sacr$ songs =m a "p ( ! wor%ip 9 connection ) ! ,kankanay m&it1 palis1 tamo1 & b9dian4 ,! badio1 :i* is an extemporane\s *ant simil> to ! badio ( ! ,nabaloi1 is always sung 9 connection ) all c]emonies if !re is suffici5t tapuy on :i* to become intoxicat$1 b x is n reg>d$ z a "p ( ! wor%ip4 ,,om5s ,,& ,,taboo ,! ,kankanay pay ev5 m att5tion to om5s 9 connection ) rituals or 9 _! ord9>y occupations ?an d ! ,nabaloi4 ,snakes1 liz>ds1 or c]ta9 birds cross+ ! roads are om5s ( bad luck4 ,if any?+ falls1 if a rock becomes deta*$ & rolls d[n ! hill1 or a p]son /umbles1 "s calamity is sure to foll[ unless x c be av]t$ by means ( c]emonies4 ,! taboos among ! ,kankanay are ev5 m num]\s & la/ long] ?an among ! ,nabaloi4 ,?is may be p>tly due to ! fact t ! ,kankanay are a m primitive p4 ,! taboo & ! belief 9 om5s is common to all ! ,igorot tribes1 & ! latt] is preval5t to "s ext5t among _m ( ! l[] class ,*ri/ian ,filip9os4 ,,comp>ative ,,nabaloi ,,& ,,s\!rn ,,kankanay ,,c]emonies #e ,,nabaloi ,,s\!rn ,,purpose ,,kankanay ,buyon1 ,sabat1 ,anap ,= div9+ cause ( sickness & its ,bakno cure by /&+ /ick or egg on end1 by sw++ /one1 or by look+ into liquid mirror4 ,manoni ,manman ,div9+ future by look+ at gall ( *ick54 ,b9dayan ,b9dian ,orig9ally a head-tak+ celebration4 ,n[ giv5 to cure or prev5t sickness1 or 9 compliance ) a promise made :ile sick4 ,pa*it ,m&it ,orig9ally a peace celebration4 ,n[ giv5 to cure or prev5t sickness1 to obta9 long life & good luck1 & to enhance ! pre/ige ( ! giv]4 ,*awak ,dawak ,a pa*it or m&it on a small scale1 & giv5 = ! same purpose4 ,bayog ,basit dawak ,a v small *awak or dawak4 7,! pray] 9 m&it is call$ bayog47 ,batbat ,batbat ,aga9/ sickness4 ,saad ,saad ,a small batbat4 ,kapi ,kapi ,to prev5t sickness ( :i* "o has be5 w>n$ 9 dreams4 ,amdag ,amlag ,to secure release ( ! s\l :5 x has be5 imprison$ by ! amlag4 ,tawal ,lawit ,to induce a s\l :i* has w&]$ away to return4 ,t+it+ ,t+it+ ,to cause return ( s\ls :i* h fl[n away ) ! fire & smoke ( a burn+ dwell+ h\se4 ,palis ,palis ,aga9/ wit*es4 ,sagausau ,palis ,to cause h>m to befall an enemy or to av]t h>m f ! giv]4 ,buang ,buang ,aga9/ deafness4 ,nansaang ,mayilutlutkan ,aga9/ heada*e4 ,palis *i ,palis di ,aga9/ too?a*e4 ,also aga9/ heada*e kabunian kabunian by ! ,nabaloi4 ,dosad1 ,sigop ,mantuis bilig1 ,aga9/ diseases ( ! lungs or *e/4 ,bilong1 ,mayodosan1 ,manbat+ ,kolos ,liblibian ,aga9/ di>rhoea or pa9s 9 ! abdom5 or /oma*4 ,basil ,ampasit ,aga9/ sexually caus$ diseases4 ,sabosab1 ,diau ,dayau ,to cure sores4 7,nabaloi c]emonies also ,*untog1 celebrat$ aft] a qu>rel s t ,diau ,kasib sores w n result47 ,tamo ,tamo ,aga9/ insanity4 ,pasang ,pasang ,aga9/ /]ility4 ,abasang ,abasang ,at ! bir? ( *ildr54 ,sibisib ,sibisib ,to cure w\nds4 ,kays+ ,gays+ ,betro?al c]emony giv5 by p>5ts4 ,kalon ,galon ,betro?al c]emony giv5 by betro!d4 ,mangid9 ,mangil9 ,m>riage c]emony4 ,pansijanan ,mansiyanun ,divorce c]emony4 ,sil+ ,sil+ ,fun]al c]emony4 ,okat ,pugas ,c]emony held imm$iately aft] a corpse has be5 put into ! c(f9 or buri$4 ,tabwak ,kiad ,to induce ! s\l ( a p]son :o has rec5tly di$ to g away & n cause sickness4 ,kosday ,kosde ,to cause agricultural products to gr[4 ,tawal ni payu ,bugid ,to increase wat] = irrigation4 7,tawal ni payu also aga9/ sickness caus$ by spirits liv+ 9 rice fields47 ,pungau ,pungau ,to cause ! rice to increase :5 h>ve/$4 ,bakak ,bugak ,to prev5t sickness caus$ by eat+ new rice4 ,sal*i ,saldi ,to prev5t sickness caus$ by eat+ animals :i* h fall5 or di$ ( disease4 ,kiad ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by m\nta9 spirits call$ kakais+4 ,ampasit ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by timb] spirits call$ ampasit4 ,pasang ni ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by air spirits ,mansakit call$ pasang4 ,timungau ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by wat] spirits call$ timungau4 ,gangau ,to cure rheumatism4 ,padad ,to =esee & av]t dea?4 ,bilig ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by spirits ( ! same "n4 ,dagas ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by h\se spirits call$ dagas4 ,laglagiw9 ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by a gu>dian _s4 ,tanong ,aga9/ sickness caus$ by ! s\ls ( ance/ors4 ,sagausau ,= luck be=e />t+ on a j\rney4 ,,lepanto ,,kankanay ,,c]emonies #f ,a4 ,g5]ally di/ribut$ ?r\gh nor!rn & c5tral ,lepanto3 ,begnas or pakde1 = ! g5]al welf>e2 made two or ?ree times a ye>1 be=e or aft] ! plant+ & ! h>ve/+ ( rice4 ,simil> to ! ,ifugao honga1 ! ,b5guet ,kankanay kosde1 & ! ,nabaloi kosday4 ,bayas1 made by ! ri* to emphasize _! /ation2 also aga9/ sickness4 ,made aft] m>riage e f\r or five ye>s1 or1 ?ree times dur+ "o's lifetime4 ,simil> to ! ,ifugao bumaiyah1 ! ,b5guet ,kankanay m&it1 & ! ,nabaloi pa*it4 ,bakid1 v>i\sly describ$ z = ! dead1 aga9/ dit*es go+ dry1 & "p ( o!r canaos4 ,simil> to ! ,b5guet ,kankanay bugid2 & ! ,nabaloi tawal ni payu4 ,ubaya1 div9ation1 = f9d+ out4 ,simil> to ! ,ifugao ubaya1 ! ,b5guet ,kankanay anap1 & ! ,nabaloi buyon1 sabat1 & bakno4 ,palis1 aga9/ wit*es4 ,simil> to ! ,b5guet ,kankanay palis & ! ,nabaloi palis4 ,b4 ,m5tion$ only 9 ! reports f ?is or t t[n%ip3 ,pasang1 aga9/ /]ility4 ,simil> to ! ,b5guet ,kankanay pasang1 & ! ,nabaloi pasang4 ,keslei1 aga9/ sickness4 ,tobag1 aga9/ sickness4 ,tonkala1 9 accordance ) a v[ r5d]$ dur+ sickness4 ,bagaoas1 = ! rice crop2 aga9/ mice & dr\?4 ,sepesep1 nature & purpose n cle>4 ,,p>ticul> ,,c]emonies #g ,,b9dian ,! b9dian1 call$ by ! ,kabayan ,nabaloi b9dayan1 is celebrat$ 9 ,buguias1 b 9 no o!r ,kankanay t[n4 ,! c]emony is held to cure or to prev5t sickness1 or 9 compliance ) a promise made :ile a p]son is sick4 ,9 g5]al1 ! celebration is simil> to t conduct$ 9 ,kabayan2 b 9 ,buguias in/ead ( ! dummy head be+ c>v$ to repres5t ! head ( a p]son1 x repres5ts ! head ( a snake4 ,9 ! b9dian song = ,buguias1 ! de$s ( ! h]oes :o w5t to ,legleg & succe$$ 9 kill+ two l>ge snakes :i* _h be5 responsible = ! dea? ( a l>ge numb] ( p1 are commemorat$4 ,! olol1 in/ead ( repres5t+ ! tak]s ( human heads z !y d 9 ,kabayan1 repres5t ! p]sons :o kill$ ! snakes4 ,z among ! ,kabayan ,nabaloi1 hogs are us$ = sacrifice1 & ! danc+ is ! same 9 ! two t[ns4 ,! pray] is also simil>4 ,z a rule ! celebration is n conduct$ on s l>ge a scale 9 ,buguias z x is 9 ,kabayan1 & few] p att5d4 ,i d n "k :e!r or n ?is c]emony is giv5 9 any ( ! ,lepanto ,kankanay t[ns1 b ,i h se5 a dance 9 ,bagn5 :i* is simil> to ! b9dian dance4 ,! ,igorot f>!r nor? h _! head-tak+ celebrations1 ( :i* ! b9dian seems to be a survival4 ,,m&it ,! m&it ( ! ,kankanay corresponds to ! pa*it ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,! ,nabaloi use ! ^w man*it1 mean+ to celebrate ! pa*it4 ,! ,kankanay always sub/itute d = ! * ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,h[ev]1 !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! purpose = :i* ! ,nabaloi & ! ,kankanay ( ,kibungan & surr\nd+ t[ns celebrate ?is c]emony4 ,9 ,kibungan x is giv5 nei!r to cure nor to prev5t sickness1 b only to cause ! p]son celebrat+ x to become ri* & to be honor$ by ! p4 ,9 ! ,kankanay t[n ( ,buguias x is celebrat$ to cure or prev5t sickness z well z to enhance ! pre/ige & to increase ! weal? ( ! giv]4 ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( a m&it :i* ,i saw on ! #crd & #d? ( ,octob]1 #aiaf1 at ! h\se ( ,damadan1 a ri* ,igorot liv+ 9 ,kibungan3 ,! c]emony began ab\t n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! mambunong took a cocoanut %ell fill$ ) tapuy1 & squatt$ 9 front ( ! h\se4 ,he !n pray$ z foll[s1 :ile hold+ ! tapuy 9 8 h&3 ,sikayao ay p9ad+ ay kayil+anmi1 ipitik5mi dakayos nan tapuy ut makikan kayo2 ut adayo golgolidan di pakan5mi4 ,y1 ! p9ad+ liv+ ne> u1 we are giv+ y tapuy & food to eat & dr9k ) u2 s d n p]mit :at we fe$ to h a sk9 disease4 ,! old m5 !n squatt$ ar\nd 9 a gr\p & sang ! bayog1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,l9mayad si ,taydak1 l9mayad si ,dakodak2 ,g9mosad si ,soyaan1 l9mayad si ,taydak2 ,g9mosad si ,balitok1 ,balitok nay masobok4 ,tadyonay manyokayok dal+yos b9tauwanyo1 ,l9moboi di baboiyo1 inm+yap di manokyo1 ,ganakyoi sauwaswoo4 ,siya say isongdoyo ,l9an inmananito4 ,g9mosad si ,aponan1 +osadna babo9a ,siay intayaw&a s9an boi di mans9a4 ,siya sat matog&a mobalung ya ipidwada ,tamonmas9op nan litagua way panamtamangan un dayida4 ,g9mosad si ,maodi balitok nay masodi1 ,madili ay babayi1 dal+yos b9tauwanyo1 ,l9iboi di baboiyo1 inm+yap di manokyo4 ,alanyat i songdoyo si bomooi ay nayo4 ,balbalungmo matago1 ipidwanas bungbungo ,ut maad adotako4 ,g9mosad si ,angtan2 gal9ay k9adangian4 ,tanbanos di baknang +osad ni baboiyo ,ay inbayogunyo4 ,became happy ,taydak1 became happy ,dakodak2 ,came d[n f ! sky ,soyaan1 became happy ,taydak4 ,came d[n f ! sky ,balitok1 ,balitok :o 0 k9d4 ,! wood5 di%es be+ c>ri$ 9 & out w be se5 9 y\r y>d1 ,w become fat y\r pigs1 w increase 9 numb] y\r *ick5s4 ,y\r *ildr5 born w be eighte54 ,t is :y y w m\rn ! dea? ( ! "o celebrat+ ! c]emony4 ,came d[n ,aponan1 br++ hogs ,s t !re w\ld be danc+ at ! h\se :]e ! m&it 0 celebrat$4 ,s t !y w\ld "k :5 !y did x next1 ,he call$ toge!r ! p t !y might see ev]y?+4 ,came d[n f ! sky ,maodi1 gold-%9+4 ,gr[+ fat are y\r pigs1 increas+ 9 numb] are y\r *ick5s4 ,admit y w m\rn ! dea? ( ! giv] ( ?is ritual4 ,if y live1 d x aga9 9 ! future ,t we may increase4 ,came d[n ,angtan2 8 blankets 7 ^? ( a ri* man4 ,! greate/ ( all ! ri* m5 br\ght d[n y\r hogs1 ,s++ ! bayog4 ,aft] s++ ! bayog1 ! p danc$ & drank tapuy until noon1 :5 twelve hogs :i* 7 to be kill$ 7 ti$ & put 9 a r[ 9 front ( ! h\se4 ,j be=e ! fir/ hog 0 kill$ ! mambunong pray$ ! pray] :i* is call$ batbat 9 ,kibungan4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,lumawig un ,kabigat1 si ,pati1 si ,soyaan1 si ,amdoyan1 si ,wigan1 si ,b9tauan1 si ,bangan1 si ,bogan1 si ,obongan1 si ,obung1 si ,laongan1 si ,s+an1 si ,maodi1 si ,kolan1 si ,moan1 si ,angtan1 si ,gatan1 si ,angban1 si ,mantalau1 si ,balitok2 m9yaan midakayos1 yan tag\ndakami4 ,idauwatmoi masangbo1 tamo matagokami pangiyaan di ibam9 dakami2 tamo dakayo ay kabunian waday pangiyaan m9 dakayo2 tamo anakmi waday matago ya waday pangiyaan m9 dakayo4 ,mopak5mi adado5yo1 tauaday pidit5mi4 ,mo manokmi abu1 matago tauwaday panbiagmi4 ,mo mansamakmi1 abu1 mataguay2 batong mataguay1 d9 togi mataguay2 ta waday panbiagmi4 ,mo mansamakmi1 abu1 si p9a1 ya kapi adadoi bagasna1 ta waday ilaukami1 ta waday iami sigalimi4 ,lumawig & ,kabigat1 ,pati1 ,soyaan1 ,amdoyan1 ,wigan1 ,b9tauan1 ,bangan1 ,bogan1 ,obongan1 ,obung1 ,laongan1 ,s+an1 ,maodi1 ,kolan1 ,moan1 ,angtan1 ,gatan1 ,angban1 ,mantalau1 ,balitok2 we are giv+ ?is to y t we may live long4 ,"w = u to become ri* s t :ile we live !re w be ! giv+ ( meat to u by our companions2 s t y ! gods w h ?+s giv5 to y2 s t our *ildr5 w h life2 s t !re w be gifts = y4 ,:at we fe$ increase1 s t !re w be celebrations ( c]emonies aga94 ,cause our *ick5s also to live to be = keep+ u alive4 ,make :at we plant also to live2 beans to live2 camotes to live2 to be = keep+ u alive4 ,make :at we plant1 also1 p9eapples & c(fee1 to h mu* fruit1 s t we may h x to sell1 t we may h some?+ ) :i* to buy blankets4 ,! hogs 7 !n kill$1 & aft] ! meat 0 cook$ ! same pray] 0 repeat$4 ,aft] ! p _h eat51 !y began to dance & s+ aga9 & cont9u$ to d s ?r\gh\t ! night2 b only a small numb] ( ^? :o 7 pres5t dur+ ! day rema9$4 ,! majority w5t home1 tak+ ) !m "p ( ! meat :i* _h be5 left4 ,! second & ?ird days 7 simil> to ! fir/2 b few] p att5d$1 & few] hogs 7 kill$4 ,! mambunong /at$ t1 if aft] a p]son has celebrat$ ! m&it1 a /one %\ld become deta*$ f ! hillside & roll d[n ne> 8 h\se1 or if !re %\ld be a slide ne>1 x w\ld be necess>y = him to kill ano!r hog1 & h ! mambunong pray ! foll[+ pray]3 ,sika ay napolug ay bato nay ay okaamka1 ut bomaknangak ut adakna bitbitbitug4 ,mataguak abu ta maobananak4 ,y1 ! fall+ /one1 ,i am giv+ y ?is s t y w make me ri* & w n make me poor4 ,cause me to live also until my hair is :ite4 ,:ile ?is c]emony corresponds 9 g5]al to ! ,nabaloi pa*it1 ! song & pray] are entirely diff]5t4 ,9 ! pa*it ! pray] is address$ pr9cipally to ! s\ls ( dead relatives1 :ile 9 ! m&it ! h]o deities are address$4 ,! pray] & song resemble m closely ^? = ! ,nabaloi b9dayan ?an ^? = ! pa*it4 ,x is n improbable t :5 ! b9dayan or its equival5t became obsolete among ! ,kibungan ,kankanay1 a "p ( x 0 incorporat$ 9 o!r rituals4 ,! correspond+ ,lepanto ,kankanay c]emony is v>i\sly designat$ z ! bayas1 bagnas1 & daaus4 ,! correspond+ ,ifugao c]emony is call$ bumayah4 ,,dawak ,,& ,,basit ,! dawak is a small m&it1 & corresponds to ! ,nabaloi *awak4 ,a v small dawak call$ basit dawak corresponds to ! ,nabaloi bayog4 ,,batbat ,! batbat is giv5 9 all ,b5guet t[ns1 by ! ,kankanay z well z ! ,nabaloi1 to cure or prev5t sickness & to br+ ri*es & long life to ! giv]4 ,! c]emony is held = ! same g5]al purpose by bo? tribes1 b ! mann] ( celebrat+ x is diff]5t4 ,9 ! ,kankanay t[ns f "o to twelve hogs may be us$ = ?is c]emony4 ,! numb] v>ies accord+ to ! weal? ( ! giv]4 ,unlike ! ,nabaloi !y d n pret5d to deceive ! spirits by ty+ hogs :i* are n to be kill$4 ,! foll[+ /ory reg>d+ ?is diff]5ce 0 relat$ 9 ,legleg1 #h a b>rio ( ,kapangan3 ,ud nabaon si ,lumawig w9atwatun ifugau gudu ta siay aduum si okana4 ,gomosad pay s9 kayilokoan1 ay mankadu si gudu adida donongun4 ,isakayatna pay s9 ,nabaloi2 inamtada di nangia si esa ay yatdaum adadu di indawatna4 ,s9 nangi bagaana s9 ,kankanay pay ya&a si adadu4 ,sia say gapona ay iwud diidawat si ,iloko s9 batbat1 mo d9 ,inibiloi ya &a si usaloi1 mo di ,kankanay pay ya&a si adadu4 ,long ago ,lumawig gave ! p hogs s t !y w\ld give "s ( ! increase4 ,:5 he came d[n f ! sky to ! ,ilocano c\ntry & ask$ = hogs1 !y did n comply4 ,he ask$ ! ,nabaloi2 !y knew h[ to give him "o & pret5d t _m 7 giv54 ,:5 he ask$ ! ,kankanay1 !y gave him _m4 ,?is is ! reason ! ,ilocanos d n celebrate ! batbat2 :y ! ,nabaloi give "o 7hog7 only2 :y ! ,kankanay give _m4 ,be=e ea* hog is kill$1 ! mambunong prays z foll[s :ile hold+ a cup ( tapuy 9 8 h&3 ,kabigat ay maybungan1 ,lumawig ay maybungan1 ,buliwan ay maybungan1 ,pati ay maybungan1 ,gatan ay maybungan1 ,dulo ay maybungan1 ,b9tawan ay maybungan1 ,balitok ay maybungan1 ,ubang ay maybungan1 ,bangon ay maybungan1 ,bugan ay maybungan1 ,s+an ay maybungan1 ,ubagan ay maybungan1 ,kolan ay maybungan1 ,angtan ay maybungan1 ,soyaan ay maybungan1 ,amdoyaan ay maybungan1 ,wigan ay maybungan1 ,mantalau ay maybungan2 mo wada pay di sangb\nda ya bomaknangda ut ta mapno di dapat&a1 ya mapno di kuboda1 ya magabay s9anak1 ya gamun ya salon1 to wada pansosokubantayo si tap9 di ag\4 ,bomangan s9 sasakit4 ,kabigat to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,lumawig to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,buliwan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,pati to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,gatan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,dulo to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,b9tawan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,balitok to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,ubang to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,bangon to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,bugan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,s+an to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,ubagan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,kolan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,angtan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,soyaan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,amdoyaan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,wigan to :om pray] is (f]$1 ,mantalau to :om pray] is (f]$2 s9ce !re is pray+ "h may x cause !m to be ri* s t _! y>ds w be fill$ ) pigp5s1 & may !y be lucky 9 hav+ *ildr5 & money & cattle pa/ur+1 s t !re w be our eat+ & dr9k+ toge!r "s o!r day4 ,may ! sick be cur$4 ,aft] ! hog has be5 kill$1 ! mambunong takes ! /ick ) :i* x 0 /uck1 & sw+s x :ile pray+ z foll[s3 ,sika pay ay wikibuyak ta dakami di om&a ya bomaknang1 nakasnatna1 tan onm&akami1 ta isakladmi di puogmi ya malipunan kami si anak1 gamung1 ya salon4 ,y1 ! /ick1 are swung s t we %all live long & become ri*1 s t we %all live long1 s t our legs %all be z horn1 s t we %all h _m *ildr51 mu* money1 & _m cattle graz+4 ,! pray] record$ above is us$ 9 ,legleg & all ! o!r ,kankanay b>rios ( ,kapangan1 b 9 ,kibungan ! pray] record$ "u ! m&it is also us$ = batbat4 ,9 ,buguias ! s\ls ( ! dead & ! malevol5t spirits z well z ! deities are address$1 & ! pray] z a :ole is probably m simil> to ! ,nabaloi pray] = batbat ?an to ! "o record$ above4 ,danc+ ! tayo =ms a "p ( ?is c]emony 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns4 ,! c]emony may la/ f "o to ?ree days1 & is g5]ally m exp5sive ?an ! batbat ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,z a rule m hogs1 tapuy1 & rice are us$4 ,x w be not$ t 9 ! pray] us$ by ! ,kankanay = batbat only ! deities are address$1 :ile ! ,nabaloi n only relate a sacr$ /ory1 b also petition ! s\ls ( ance/ors1 ! pasang1 & "s ( ! con/ellations4 ,9 "s respects ! ,lepanto c]emony call$ keslei resembles ! batbat4 ,among ! ,b5guet ,kankanay z well z ! ,nabaloi ! t]m saad is us$ to designate ! batbat on a small scale4 ,,kapi ,kapi is celebrat$ by ! ,buguias ,kankanay 9 compliance ) dreams1 or a v[ made dur+ sickness4 ,a hog1 tapuy1 & rice are necess>y4 ,j be=e ! hog is kill$1 ! mambunong prays1 address+ 8 pray] to ! deities1 ! s\ls ( ! dead1 & ! malevol5t spirits4 ,!y are ask$ n to cause sickness1 b to give good luck1 ri*es1 & long life4 ,aft] ! hog has be5 kill$ & cook$1 ! pray] is repeat$4 ,!re is no danc+1 b ! p g5]ally rema9 all day & sp5d ! "t dr9k+ tapuy4 ,i h nev] se5 ?is c]emony 9 any ( ! we/]n ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns1 b h be5 told t x is sometimes celebrat$ 9 ,kapangan4 ,x is celebrat$ 9 all ,nabaloi settlem5ts1 & 9 ! t[n%ip ( ,mancayan 9 ,lepanto4 ,,amlag ,! amlag is a c]emony celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns4 ,its purpose is to cause ! release ( ! captur$ s\l ( a liv+ p]son4 ,a *ick51 "s rice1 & a collection ( tools are necess>y = sacrifice4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h& & squats beside ! tapuy & rice :ile he prays4 ,he beg9s 8 pray] by address+ ! amlag ( ! v>i\s settlem5ts f ! coa/ t[n ( ,san ,f]n&o1 ,la ,union1 to ! place :]e ! c]emony is held2 & !n reque/s t if any ( !m h captur$ ! s\l ( ! sick p]son1 !y release x 9 ex*ange = ! food1 tapuy1 & tools4 ,?is c]emony is celebrat$ = ! same purpose z ! amdag ( ! ,nabaloi2 b no sacr$ /ory is told by ! ,kankanay mambunong1 nor are ! deities address$4 ,! c]emony is celebrat$ 9 ! ,lepanto t[n ( ,mancayan1 & probably 9 o!r ,lepanto t[ns4 ,,lawit ,lawit is a c]emony celebrat$ by ! ,b5guet ,kankanay to cause ! return ( ! s\l ( a liv+ p]son :i* has w&]$ away4 ,"o ( ! ,kibungan mambunong said3 ,mo iitauum ay wadaka's adaway s9 buu9a1 ifugau1 sia amona ayd9 ababiikna t9aymana4 ,if a p]son dreams t he is f> away f 8 h\se1 he kn[s t 8 s\l has left him4 ,! mambunong takes a plate ( rice f :i* tapuy has be5 f]m5t$ & holds x 9 "o h&1 :ile hold+ a *ick5 9 ! o!r4 ,he turns 8 face t[>d ! sky & says ! foll[+3 ,sika ababiikna ----1 omalika1 mo s9oi inmoyan1 s9an buuitaka1 tan inayan nanbuui di kakad+4 ,mo ituum isa matika1 ut ungay adika mangan s9an ilagbuam4 ,y1 ! s\l ( ----1 come back if y h w&]$ away f our home1 because x is dreadful to live 9 ! home ( ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,if y /ay !re y w die1 & y w n eat :at y h e>n$4 ,! lawit is celebrat$ 9 ,kibungan1 ,kapangan1 ,bacun1 & ,ampusungan2 b ,i d n "k :e!r or n x is celebrat$ 9 any o!r ,kankanay t[ns4 ,x corresponds to ! ,nabaloi tawal & to ! ,bontoc (at4 ,,t+it+ ,! ,buguias ,kankanay celebrate a c]emony call$ t+it+ to cause ! return ( ! s\ls ( ! p]sons :o h occupi$ a h\se :i* has be5 burn$4 ,x is believ$ t ! s\ls fly away ) ! fire & smoke4 ,"o ( ^? :o has occupi$ ! h\se holds "s dri$ meat 9 8 h&1 :ile he calls ! names ( all ! sky deities he c rememb]1 & asks t !y s5d ! s\ls to e>? aga94 ,?is c]emony is celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi1 & 9 ! ,lepanto ,kankanay t[n ( ,mancayan4 ,,palis ,! palis is celebrat$ by ! ,b5guet ,kankanay aga9/ wit*craft1 & also to cause injury to befall an enemy4 ,tapuy1 cook$ rice1 & ei!r a *ick5 or a dog are necess>y = sacrifice4 ,! pray] is address$ by ! mambunong to ! amlag4 ,!y are ask$ to dissolve _! alliance ) ! wit* & take ! side ( ! p1 or to visit ! enemy & cause him bad luck1 9 consid]ation ( ! tapuy & food :i* are furni%$4 ,z soon z ! pray] has be5 f9i%$1 ! p pres5t s+ ! angba1 a song 9 :i* ! deities are call$ by "n & ask$ to witness ! palis4 ,"o man !n dances & waves a spe> z if he 7 attack+ an enemy1 :ile "s ( ! p keep "t by beat+ toge!r wood5 /icks4 ,! palis is celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi & ! ,lepanto ,kankanay4 ,! c]emony1 or its equival5t1 is probably celebrat$ by all ,igorot tribes1 s9ce a belief 9 wit*craft is preval5t ?r\gh\t _! t]ritory4 ,:5 ! c]emony is celebrat$ to div]t injury f oneself to an enemy1 x corresponds to ! ,nabaloi sagausau4 ,,buang ,! buang is celebrat$ to cure deafness 9 ,buguias1 9 "s ( ! ,kankanay b>rios ( ,atok1 & probably 9 "s if n all ( ! ,b5guet ,kankanay settlem5ts f>!r we/4 ,! mambunong holds 9 "o h& ! *ick5 to be sacrific$ & ) ! o!r h& he holds a cup ( tapuy above ! head ( ! deaf p]son1 :ile relat+ ! foll[+ /ory3 ,kabigat ( ! e>? 0 con/ruct+ a sod f5ce4 ,:ile he 0 b5d+ ov] to pick up a l>ge piece ( sod1 he he>d ! noise ( l\d ?und]4 ,he did n look ar\nd1 b cont9u$ to "w4 ,soon 8 wife ,bangan1 :o 0 work+ 9 a ne>by camote field1 call$ to him say+ t x 0 "t to g home4 ,kabigat did n answ]1 b cont9u$ to build f5ce4 ,8 wife became angry & began to scold1 b :5 %e turn$ ar\nd %e saw ! ,?und] /&+ ne>4 ,! ,?und] said1 ,d n become angry ) y\r husb&4 ,he does n answ] because he c n he> y4 ,i made him deaf4 ,if y want him to be cur$ get "o *ick5 & "o j> ( tapuy & celebrate ! buang4 ,bangan did s & ,kabigat 0 cur$4 ,!n !y h&$ ?is d[n to ! p1 & comm&$ t ! "n ( ,?und]1 ,kabigat1 & ,bangan %\ld be call$4 ,?is c]emony is celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi1 b a diff]5t v]sion ( ! /ory is told4 ,,mayilutlutkan ,mayilutlutkan is a c]emony giv5 by ! ,kankanay aga9/ heada*e4 ,! mambunong takes a camote 9 8 left h& & holds x aga9/ ! head ( ! sick p]son4 ,he holds a knife 9 8 "r h& aga9/ ! camote1 :ile pray+ z foll[s3 ,sika pay ay mayilutlutkanka's sum+is+ di ag\1 mayilutlutkanka's pangawan di ag\1 mayilutlutkanka's kalibiana ag\1 mayilutlutkanka's dimana ag\1 mayilutlutkanka's gomabisana ag\1 ya mayilutlutkanka's kapat aana2 ado ut diya tubum dan dangau ay nay ta pangamoak di kasika ya dagosak iyuan sika's manokmo4 ,y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! morn+ sun1 y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! midday sun1 y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! aft]noon sun1 y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! sett+ sun1 y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! "t ! cocks fir/ cr[1 & y ! mayilutlutkan ( ! dawn2 may a complete cure be made by ! dangau s t y w %[ y\rself to me1 & ,i w make y a gift ( a *ick54 ,! mayilutlutkan corresponds to ! ,nabaloi nansaang4 ,,palis ,,*i ,,kabunian ,! palis *i kabunian is celebrat$ 9 ,buguias to cure too?a*e1 b ,i d n ?9k x is celebrat$ 9 any o!r ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns4 ,a j> ( tapuy & a *ick5 are us$ = sacrifice4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h&1 :ile ) ! o!r he holds a spe> aga9/ ! a*+ too?4 ,he prays to ! amlag ask+ t !y cease caus+ ! too? to a*e1 & t !y visit _! malevol5ce on ! pati5t's enemies in/ead4 ,! p !n s+ ! angba1 a song 9 :i* ! deities are ask$ to witness ! palis4 ,! pati5t !n holds a spe> 9 8 h& :ile he dances to ! music produc$ by beat+ toge!r two season$ wood5 /icks4 ,! c]emony is celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi1 b ! spok5 ritual is diff]5t4 ,,mantuis ,,bilig ,mantuis bilig is "o ( ! c]emonies celebrat$ to cure pa9s 9 ! *e/4 ,a *ick51 a j> ( tapuy1 & a basket ( blankets1 bree*-cl\ts1 & headb&s are necess>y4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h&1 puts ! basket on 8 head1 squats beside ! tapuy1 & says ! foll[+3 ,wada si ,damogo ay manili u ,natoo4 ,sia say ,mantuis ,bilig ay makagayang si ipugau4 ,inapuna usay galui1 usay budbud1 usay wanus1 ya usay manok4 ,wada's ,mayang ay manili ud ,ampungut4 ,wada's ,bokosan ay manili ud ,odosan4 ,wada's ,sigmayo ay manili ud ,tabayo4 ,wada's ,gomi ay manili ud ,kasili4 ,wada's ,palatang ay manili ud ,manalang4 ,omali kayo ta badanganyo dakami si mugmug ya pakan tamo waday kaman9a ya waday pangay ay yaganm9 dakayo4 ,!re is ,damogo1 :o lives 9 ,natoo4 ,he is ,mantuis ,bilig :o spe>s ! p4 ,he requires "o blanket1 "o bree*-cl\t1 "o headb&1 & "o *ick54 ,!re is ,mayang :o lives 9 ,ampungut4 ,!re is ,bokosan1 :o lives 9 ,odosan4 ,!re is ,sigmayo1 :o lives 9 ,tabayo4 ,!re is ,gomi1 :o lives 9 ,kasili4 ,!re is ,palatang1 :o lives 9 ,manalang4 ,y come to help u 9 fe$+ our *ick5s & 9 fe$+ our hogs1 s t !re may be 7a c]emony7 l ?is1 s t !re w be 7some?+7 = call+ y names4 ,,bilong ,bilong is a c]emony :i* is celebrat$ to cure diseases ( ! lungs4 ,! mambunong holds 9 "o h& a piece ( dri$ meat & says ! foll[+3 ,wada1 kano1 da ,g9s+an un ,suyan4 ,mansida pay1 kano1 san tonodaisan adue ya mayag&a ,g9s+an ya si ,suyan4 ,amuida pay1 kano1 yan p9oda san usay takbada si patok yan p9oda san usay takbada san inapoi4 ,somaada pay1 kano1 yan manbidbidbidang ut san usay batang4 ,+ayon k9wan9a ut1 kano1 un1 ,manototo ut s9a ta manganta4 ,omada ut1 kano1 isan patok ud idawi/a apoi4 ,kanuttut1 kano1 adi makaoto san apoi ay manbidbidang4 ,amui dapag pay1 kano1 gogoabna1 yan tomagoda ut sia nangidawisan isan pang&a ay patok ut dagos naoto4 ,makak&a pay1 kano1 yan somaada ud baboida4 ,manokda du&an mantogas eda4 ,anapunda pay1 kano1 yan bilong4 ,+ayan k9wan9a1 kano1 un1 ,payun tako's nan ipugau ta mo waday nankios bakun ya mantogpasda1 ya daita di poon di sapon di bilong4 ,!re 7 ,g9s+an & ,suyan4 ,a p]son celebrat+ a c]emony & 8 relatives f> away invit$ ,g9s+an & ,suyan4 ,:5 !y w5t "o basket ( meat fell1 & "o basket ( cook$ rice fell4 ,:ile !y 7 on ! way home1 !re 0 "o tree blaz+4 ,!n !y said1 ,let u cook & eat "h4 ,!y took ! piece ( meat & roa/$ x on ! fire4 ,!y c\ld n cook x on ! blaz+ fire4 ,!y w5t bel[ a little di/ance & roa/$ _! food1 ! meat1 & x cook$ easily4 ,:5 !y _h eat5 !y w5t home4 ,!y 7 c\gh+ & spitt+ blood4 ,!n !y discov]$ ! bilong4 ,!n !y said1 ,we w h& x d[n to ! p s t if !y h sickness or spit blood1 we %all be call$ & %all be ! orig9 ( ! pray] ( bilong4 ,,maydosadan ,maydosadan is "o ( ! c]emonies :i* is held to cure pa9s 9 ! *e/4 ,! mambunong holds a *ick5 :i* is to be sacrific$1 :ile he relates ! foll[+3 ,bangan un ,kabigat unda manorian4 ,inagton ,bangan tagbana1 yan inaligida ,kabigat d9 pataklangna4 ,d9tangda san dorian ay s9 poon2 anayan kaot&a ut mapno san tagban ,bangan1 ya mapno san pataklang ,kabigat s9 bugas di dorian4 ,angayan idondon ,bangan si ,kabigat ut inmangaya4 ,itotukduun pay s9a ay ,bangan4 ,amui pay si ,kabigat ya b9utbutna san kayi ay dakdakui yan t9mudtud san dada4 ,angayan kaapap si ,kabigat isan paguna yan tamokdo4 ,+ayan sumaa ut as9a kanan1 ,kaasita pay s9a adi pay nanatui s9a tan samo waday kayi ay m&ada4 ,on gayutkan k9wan9 ,bangan1 ,kambau6 sian ay poon di atud di maydosadan4 ,ut magay pagnan ipaytok s9an kay ipugau4 ,bangan & ,kabigat w5t to get dorian4 #i ,bangan c>ri$ on ! head 9 ! c>ry+ basket1 & ,kabigat c>ri$ on ! back 9 ! c>ry+ frame4 ,!y f\nd ! dorian & !n dug x up1 & ,bangan fill$ ! c>ry+ basket & ,kabigat fill$ ! c>ry+ frame ) ! root ( ! dorian4 ,!n ,bangan s5t ,kabigat to get wood4 ,kabigat !n w5t & pick$ up a l>ge piece ( wood dripp+ ) blood4 ,!n at once ,kabigat put 8 h& on 8 *e/ & sat d[n4 ,!n he w5t home imm$iately & said1 ,pity u because !re has be5 dea? "h1 s9ce ! wood 0 ble$+4 ,!n ,bangan said1 ,oh6 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! rem$y = maydosadan4 ,s x 0 h&$ d[n to ! p4 ,aft] ! *ick5 has be5 kill$ & cook$1 ! /ory is repeat$4 ,,manbat+ ,manbat+ is "o ( ! c]emonies :i* is held :5 a p]son is ble$+ f ! nose or m\?4 ,! mambunong holds a *ick5 9 "o h&1 :ile he sits 9 front ( a basket conta9+ a rope & says ! foll[+3 ,wada1 kano1 san dua s9 agi--,timungau4 ,unda pay1 kano1 nanogian4 ,datgnunda ut san usay togi ay imui u dalum san bugasna ut duiay pakdanonodun1 yan d9tangda san usay dalipoi ay bato4 ,tokwabunda payan4 ,ilaunda1 kano1 ut nabokalan san kadan di bato1 ut n&ahos san matada ud dalum4 ,ilaunda1 payun nada1 kano1 baoi yan nada mansida u dalum4 ,ungayun alaunda ut1 kano1 san talida ut pansissilpoonda ut itakudda ut siay p&an&a ay amui adalum4 ,domatunga payan mansida4 ,da$a unda mangan4 ,mangmang&a pay1 kano1 yan nguda utut1 kanon1 san iposan un1 ,dupapuntako to ipangantako4 ,ungayan inmagyatda ut duiata kaan9ta san iniwit&a ut itakudda isan pantu ta siay pangilil&a si kawadata1 yan duantapui komaan4 ,inayan siay inyatda4 ,asida ut dupapunda eda ut pay kanon nan s9 agi1 un ,adi kayo pompomsu ta asauwak san anakmo4 ,ungayan adida p9p9suida eda ut pangasauwaun san anak ,masek54 ,+ayan konan1 kono1 ,masek51 ,tako manganop4 ,amui dapag1 kano1 yan ituiun san inapona isan subang duanpag4 ,amuida ,masek5 yesan oduum ay kadwana1 ut unda apayauun san kan&a un noang ay nakay4 ,bumatung ut1 kano1 isan kadan si inapona1 ut ilana nabakus san manugtug ay kad&a un anap&a4 ,ungayan ad9a s9iloan yan p9alobosna1 ut amui4 ,dumatung pay si ,masek5 yan yamyamana san inapona1 ut ungayan apayau unda san nabakus ay si in9ada1 ut dupapunda ut labakunda4 ,idatungda payan ut kan&a ipang&a4 ,asi ut k9wan9 san inapona un1 ,adikami pay ladum san ipugau ay ipangan4 ,+ayan k9wan9 ,masek5 un1 ,mantaolika mo adi kayo laydum di ipugau ay ipangan4 ,+ayan mantaolida s9an sapui di lota1 ut asida1 kano1 k9wanida un1 ,manalako's tali ta waday sap\ntako si batun ta waday panbatungtako si ipangantako4 ,+ayan mansapoda si batun ta waday panbatung si ipugau4 ,asi k9wan9 dua ay s9 agi un1 ,alauntakona ta ipangan4 ,asi ut k9wan9 ,masek5 un1 ,dakui ta omyada's tali ya manok ta mo adida omiya1 asi alaun nan ipugau ay batungantako4 ,!re 7 two bro!rs1 ! ,timungau4 ,!y w5t to get camotes4 ,!y f\nd "o camote ! root ( :i* w5t f> into ! gr\nd1 & !y dug aft] x & f\nd a wide /one4 ,!y turn$ x ov]4 ,!y look$ into ! op5$ place1 & _! eyes saw to ! und]world4 ,!y saw !re a h\se1 & !re 0 be+ celebrat$ a c]emony 9 ! und]world4 ,!n !y got _! rope & fa/5$ & ti$ x1 & x 0 ?is way !y w5t to ! und]world4 ,!n !y arriv$ at ! c]emony4 ,!y w5t to eat4 ,!y 7 eat+ :5 !y he>d ! inhabitants ( ! und]world say1 ,we w cat* y s t we may eat y4 ,!n !y became afraid1 & took (f _! bree*-cl\ts & ti$ !m on ! door s t x w\ld be ?\ght !y 7 !re4 ,?is !y did4 ,!n !y caught !m1 & "o ( ! bro!rs said1 ,d n kill u because ,i w m>ry y\r daught]4 ,!n !y did n kill !m1 & he m>ri$ "o ( ! daught]s ( ,masek54 ,!n ,masek5 said1 ,let u g to hunt4 ,!y w5t bel[1 b ! son-9-law /ay$ 9 ! trail4 ,masek5 & 8 companions w5t1 & ran aft] an old c>abao4 ,!y arriv$ at ! place ( ! son-9-law1 & he saw t an old woman 0 runn+ at ! place !y 7 hunt+4 ,!n he did n lasso h]1 b let h] g2 !n he w5t away4 ,masek5 arriv$ & scold$ 8 son-9-law1 & !n ran aft] ! old woman1 _! "m1 & caught h] & w\nd$ h]4 ,!n ! son-9-law said1 ,we d n l to eat p4 ,!n ,masek5 said1 ,return1 if y d n l to eat p4 ,!n !y return$ to ! top ( ! gr\nd & said1 ,we w get ! rope s t !re is some?+ = mak+ a net s t we c cat* our food ) ! net4 ,!n !y made a net s t !re 0 some?+ to net p )4 ,!n ! two bro!rs said1 ,take ?is 9 ord] t y may eat4 ,b ,masek5 said1 ,!y w give u rope & *ick5s1 because if !y d n give !m to u we w cat* ! p ) ! net4 ,,liblibian ,! liblibian is a c]emony :i* is celebrat$ 9 ,kibungan & ! neighbor+ ,kankanay t[ns to cure di>rhoea & pa9s 9 ! abdom54 ,! mambunong holds 9 "o h& a k9d ( plant call$ dungau :ile relat+ ! foll[+ /ory3 ,wada1 kano1 san dua ay s9 agi1 ,bogan un ,s+an4 ,si ,bogan baybayi1 si ,s+an lalaki4 ,maanakda pay1 kano1 yan dua ay lalaki4 ,d9 dakdakui si ,p9tun2 d9 banbanug sia si ,liblibian4 ,ungay pay1 kano1 madakdakda yan adi da mangan4 ,idawad amada tan inada san gawan di inapoi ya gawan di atui yan adida laydum4 ,usay ag\ pay1 kano1 yan inmauway da amada ya inada dumatungda ut1 kano1 yan +ay k9&a p9ilak san gambangda4 ,k9wanida un1 ,ay takun ay gambang l&ok di layd+yo ay kanun4 ,au1 l&ok di laydunmi ay kanunmi4 ,ungayan mankoyog ut1 kano1 ,liblibian un ,p9tun ut amuida isan kayiloguan4 ,domatungda payan siblag&a san anak di ,iloko ta waday gapona si pangi&a undaita si banig ta wada kanunda4 ,adi ut1 kano1 amonsan ,iloko di mangiya un da$a si banigda1 kano1 yan pagd9 adas di amoda4 ,k9wanida un1 ,kambau6 ,adi amom nan ,iloko di buni1 ut amuitako'd s9an kayigorotan4 ,amuita pay1 kano1 yan s9an kayigorotan1 yan siblag&a san usay anak di ,igorot4 ,kaa ut1 kano1 usay1 manok ya s9po ya lima ay banig ut isay paday liblibian4 ,k9atut kakansan ut pay bomangan san anakda4 ,!re 7 a bro!r & si/]1 ,bogan & ,s+an4 ,bogan 0 a woman & ,s+an 0 a man4 ,!y _h *ildr51 two boys4 ,! l>g] 0 ,p9tun1 ! small] 0 ,liblibian4 ,:5 !y became old] !y did n eat4 ,_! fa!r gave ! cook$ rice f ! c5t] 7( ! pot7 & ! c5t] ( ! liv]1 b !y did n l x4 ,"o day :5 _! fa!r & "m _h gone to cultivate ! l& & _h return$1 !y _h already eat5 "o-half ( _! pot4 ,!y said1 ,h[ is ?is8 y l to eat iron pots4 ,yes1 iron is :at we l to eat4 ,!n ,liblibian & ,p9tun left toge!r & w5t to ! l& ( ! ,ilocano4 ,:5 !y arriv$ !y made "o *ild ( an ,ilocano sick s t !re w\ld be a reason = giv+ !m bolos to eat4 ,! ,ilocano did n "k en\gh to give !m bolos to eat1 b knew ( m$ic9e only4 ,!y said1 ,oh6 ,! ,ilocano d n "k ! pray]1 s let u g to ,igorot l&4 ,!y w5t to ,igorot l& & made sick "o *ild ( an ,igorot4 ,he took at once "o *ick5 & fifte5 bolos & held ! c]emony liblibian4 ,z soon z ?is 0 done1 ! sickness ( ! *ild 0 cur$ at once4 ,,ampasit ,! ampasit is a c]emony :i* is celebrat$ by ! we/]n ,b5guet ,kankanay to cure sexually caus$ diseases4 ,! mambunong holds 9 "o h& a *ick5 :i* is to be sacrific$1 & relates ! foll[+ /ory3 ,ud bayag waday isa ifugau ya asauwana waday isay anakda babayi mangadan si ,ampasit4 ,s9am+san si ,ampasit inmui nan si lokto4 ,s9kadona s9adan isa anak ,timungau ay lalaki intabona di anak ay babayi ,ampasit4 ,s9katauwataun si ama'n ,ampasit adi makaanop4 ,yatda un natui si ,ampasit4 ,s9isay ag\ s9 inmoyan ama'n ,ampasit ay manamus inilada si ,ampasit ay imaylagui si abalug ay bato4 ,s9 ama inyatna un1 ,tola di inmoy>n8 ,inasauwak di ,timungau ay lalaki1 ut intabona sakun s9a4 ,inyagan amana s9 buida ut nankanauda ut inayagana si ,timungau ya d9 kaba5a4 ,kakd+&a ay mangan1 si ,timungau ya d9 kaba5a s9 naada4 ,si ,timungau b9mayun1 ut nangamag1 abu1 kanau4 ,inayagona si ,ampasit ya si amana ya si inana4 ,s9 inmayan ,ampasit ya si amana ya si inana s9 kanau ,timungau1 inmagyatda mos9o di namolod si gudu s9 balayan tan adi di inila angan ililauunda4 ,si ama'n ,ampasit nanmimi4 ,anmimi&a d9 mata'n di asauwan ,ampasit tan ad9a inila4 ,si ,timungau inyatna1 ,adimi pian ay makiasauwa s9 anakmi ay lalaki d9 ,ampasit tan angan mos9 buuitako manmimi&a d9 matatako4 ,sapoantabos da eda ta mansakitda ta adika manmimi4 ,ta makabangon s9 sakit1 si ama'n ,ampasit nangamag si kanau1 ut say inamwan ifugau di yatna ay maamay4 ,long ago !re 7 a man & 8 wife :o _h a daught] nam$ ,ampasit4 ,"o day ,ampasit w5t to get camotes4 ,:ile %e 0 on ! way1 a son ( ,timungau hid ! girl ,ampasit4 ,= a long "t ! fa!r ( ,ampasit c\ld n f9d h]4 ,he ?\ght t ,ampasit 0 dead4 ,"o day :5 ! p>5ts ( ,ampasit _h gone to ba!1 !y saw ,ampasit /&+ on a l>ge rock4 ,h] fa!r said to h]1 ,:]e h y be58 ,%e said1 ,i m>ri$ ! son ( ,timungau1 & he hid me "h4 ,h] fa!r call$ h] to ! h\se & gave a c]emony1 & invit$ ,timungau & 8 family4 ,aft] ,timungau & 8 family _h f9i%$ eat+1 !y w5t home4 ,timungau 0 a%am$1 & celebrat$ a c]emony also4 ,he invit$ ,ampasit & h] fa!r & h] "m4 ,:5 ,ampasit & h] fa!r & h] "m w5t to ! c]emony ( ,timungau1 !y wond]$ h[ ! pigs 9 ! y>d 7 ti$1 because !y did n see1 al?\gh !y 7 look+4 ,! fa!r ( ,ampasit ur9at$4 ,he ur9at$ on ! face ( ! husb& ( ,ampasit1 because he did n see him4 ,timungau said1 ,we d n wi% to h ,ampasit m>ri$ to our son1 because ev5 at our own h\se !y ur9ate on our faces4 ,we w make !m sick s t !y c n ur9ate4 ,s t !y might get cur$ ( ! sickness1 ! fa!r ( ,ampasit _h a c]emony1 & taught ! p :at to say 9 ord] to celebrate x4 ,! ampasit ( ! ,kankanay is entirely diff]5t f ! c]emony ( ! same "n celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi4 ,! ,kankanay ampasit corresponds 9 purpose to ! ,nabaloi basil4 ,!re is no simil>ity1 h[ev]1 9 ! spok5 rituals ( ^! two c]emonies4 ,,dayau ,! dayau is celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns to cure sores4 ,a *ick5 & a j> ( tapuy are necess>y = sacrifice4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h&1 a cup ( tapuy 9 ! o!r1 & relates a v]sion ( ! /ory record$ "u ! bilig 7p4 #cgg72 b he adds t aft] ! qu>rel bo? ! ,w9d & ! ,lightn+ became cov]$ ) sores1 & t 9 compliance ) ! advice ( ,lumawig ! dayau 0 celebrat$ 9 ord] t a cure might be effect$4 ,aft] ! c]emony ! pati5t ba!s :ile say+3 ,i am ba?+ = dayau4 ,may my sores be cur$4 ,may ,i be l y1 ,wat]1 free ( sores4 ,! c]emony is v simil> to ! diau kasib ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,x is celebrat$ 9 ,mancayan1 b ,i d n "k :e!r or n x is celebrat$ 9 any o!r ,lepanto t[ns4 ,,tamo ,! tamo is held 9 ,buguias to cure insanity4 ,x is also made 9 "s ( ! villages ( ,mancayan1 b ,i d n "k :e!r x is celebrat$ 9 o!r ,kankanay t[ns4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 8 h& & prays1 b ,i c n /ate ! nature ( ! pray]4 ,aft] ! pray] "o man dances ) a spe> 9 8 h&4 ,! dance1 :i* is simil> to t ( ! palis1 is repeat$ ?ree times4 ,betwe5 dances ! p s+1 b no "o seems to be able to expla9 ! mean+ ( ! song4 ,! majority ( ! words us$ 9 bo? ! song & ! pray] are probably obsolete4 ,! c]emony is simil> 9 "s respects to ! tamo ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,,pasang ,! pasang is celebrat$ to cause *ildr5 to be born4 ,! mambunong holds a *ick5 9 ea* h& & squats betwe5 two baskets ( blankets1 :ile relat+ ! foll[+ /ory3 ,wada1 kano1 ,b9tauan un ,ap9an4 ,s9 ,agida4 ,adida1 kanon1 mananak ya mo manawasda pay1 kano1 sumakisakit s9 agusda asauwada4 ,amuida ut1 kanom9da manpaanap4 ,datgnunda1 kano1 san usay bato ay bui2 b9mali san usay dakdakui ya &o ay ipugau ay maata di kadumna4 ,asi ibag&a ,b9tauan un ,ap9an ay mananap mo s9oi inmat un asauwada4 ,as9a kanon un1 ,amui kayo un boan si ag\ tan siay mangamo si anap4 ,ungayanan amuida ,b9tauan un ,ap9an4 ,datunga pay1 kano1 san nantotomtoman di lota ya ud tagui4 ,wada san dadakui ay buui4 ,b9mali ut1 kano1 abu san usay ipugau ay m&ada di matana mayatag kaduna4 ,s9oi gapona si inmalianyo8 ,inkami manpaanap tan mo man[as san asauwami ya mansakit ya adikami mananak4 ,adi pay1 amok di anap1 ut amui kayo unda ag\ un ,boan tan da$a dimangamo si anap4 ,amuida ut1 kano1 +ilada di mantumtumog san dua ay kaman buui ay bato ay kalimlimosan si danom4 ,amugyapda1 kano1 ay amui ut impaononada san asoda4 ,il&a ut1 kano1 nabasil4 ,ungayan omonodda si asoda4 ,mabas ilda ut diay nayapapa ut tagui1 yan wada san adado ay buui ay nanataatang4 ,dumatang pay yan kabala san si asauwa'n ag\1 ut k9wan9a1 ,s9oi kayo8 ,unmali kami ta kami nanpaanap tan adi mananak si asauwami yan mo manawas da mansakitda4 ,sangupkayo sian da\nmi tan mo dumatung si ag\ malpa kayo4 ,ungayan s+upda s9 da\n di buui di ag\4 ,dumatung pay1 kano1 si ag\ ut inbaga un1 ,mo waday inmali ay ipugau ud kugau8 ,au1 ay panada si daon di buui4 ,unda kanon manpaanap tan adi mananakda asauwada ya mansakitda mo man[asda4 ,ungayan ay ag\ inbgana ,ap9an un ,b9tauan1 ,s9oi gapona si inmalianyo8 ,inmali kami tan un kami manpaanap4 ,ungayan k9wan9a ag\1 ,sumaa kayo ut yaanyo di pasang1 ut maganak kayo4 ,sumaada ,ap9an un ,b9tauan ut siay inyatda ut nanganakda1 ya adi nansakit si asauwada mo manawasda4 ,!re 7 ,b9tauan & ,ap9an4 ,!y 7 bro!rs4 ,!y did n h *ildr51 & :5 _! wives _h _! m5ses1 !y 7 sick 9 ! abdom54 ,!y w5t !n to get "s "o to make ! div9ation c]emony4 ,!y f\nd a /one h\se2 a l>ge tall man ) gre5 eyebr[s came out ( x4 ,!n ,b9tauan & ,ap9an ask$ him to make ! div9ation c]emony s t !y c\ld le>n :at tr\bl$ _! wives4 ,!n he said1 ,g to ! ,sun & ,moon because !y "k ! div9ation c]emony4 ,!n ,b9tauan & ,ap9an w5t away4 ,!y arriv$ !n at ! meet+ place ( ! e>? & ! sky4 ,!re 0 a l>ge h\se4 ,a r$-ey$ man ) gre5 eyebr[s came out ( x4 ,= :at reason did y come8 ,we came to cause ! div9ation c]emony to be made1 because :5 our wives h _! m5ses !y get sick & d n h *ildr54 ,i d n "k ! div9ation c]emony2 g to ! ,sun & ! ,moon1 because !y "k ! div9ation c]emony4 ,!y w5t on & saw two /ones z l>ge z a h\se /rik+ ea* o!r1 :]e ! wat] empties4 ,!y 7 afraid to g f>!r1 b s5t _! dog ahead4 ,!y saw he 0 on ! o!r side4 ,!n !y foll[$ _! dog4 ,!y arriv$ on ! o!r side1 :]e !re 7 _m h\ses jo9$ toge!r4 ,!y arriv$ !n1 & ! wife ( ! ,sun came out & said1 ,:o are y8 ,we came to h ! div9ation c]emony made1 because our wives d n h *ildr5 & :5 !y h _! m5ses !y are sick4 ,come "u ! h\se because :5 ! ,sun arrives he w wilt y4 ,!n !y w5t "u ! h\se ( ! ,sun4 ,:5 ! ,sun arriv$1 he ask$1 ,did m5 come at noon8 ,yes1 !y are wait+ "u ! h\se4 ,!y came to h ! div9ation c]emony held1 because _! wives d n h *ildr5 & !y get sick :5 !y h _! m5ses4 ,!n ! ,sun ask$ ,ap9an & ,b9tauan1 ,:y did y come8 ,we came to h ! div9ation c]emony celebrat$4 ,!n ! ,sun said1 ,g home & celebrate ! pasang1 & y w h *ildr54 ,!y w5t home & did s & _h *ildr51 & _! wives 7 n sick :5 !y _h _! m5ses4 ,!re is no danc+ 9 connection ) ?is c]emony 9 ! we/]n ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns1 b 9 ,buguias ! wife & husb& dance4 ,! wife c>ries h] camote basket fill$ ) blankets1 bree*-cl\ts1 & clo?1 :i* are (f]$ to ! pasang4 ,! pasang is celebrat$ = ! same purpose by ! ,nabaloi1 ! ,lepanto ,kankanay1 & probably o!r ,igorot tribes4 ,i h be5 told t a correspond+ c]emony is celebrat$ z f> nor? z ,kal+a4 ,,abasang ,! abasang is celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns :5 *ildr5 are born4 ,a *ick5 & a j> ( tapuy are us$ = sacrifice4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h&1 & prays to ! laglagaw9 or gu>dian _s ( ! *ild1 ask+ t x may live long & be lucky4 ,a magical /ory1 :i* ,i 0 unable to secure1 is also relat$4 ,?is c]emony is celebrat$ by ! ,nabaloi1 b ,i d n "k :e!r or n x is held 9 any ,kankanay t[ns outside ( ,b5guet4 ,,sibisib ,! ,kankanay z well z ! ,nabaloi celebrate sibisib to cure w\nds4 ,! mambunong holds aga9/ ! w\nd ! in/rum5t ) :i* x 0 inflict$1 :ile relat+ ! foll[+3 ,si ,boliwan waday dua anakna--da ,lumawig un ,kabigat4 ,s9 ag\ inm$a manganop1 ut inaday isa makawas4 ,sumaada pay nabayda ut nanibayda s9 ilungan4 ,g9udgudda d9 patang ut inbilagda4 ,s9 t9motokd[&a d9 asoda inapayoda di oduum ay makawas4 ,d9 dua s9 agi inonodda di asoda4 ,inyudda un amada un bantayana d9 patang4 ,d9 isa s9s9 agi niangna d9 makawas1 yan adida ut maykapsu4 ,d9 makawas l9mayau ay waday gayang s9 ang9a4 ,nantaolida s9 nanay&a un amada4 ,inilada ay yuwud patang4 ,inyatna un amada1 ,ins$an mut patang4 ,inyat amada1 ,adak insida1 nayiwud s9 manaukak4 ,inyat anakna1 un ,adika ibagay maptung2 ins$an mut4 ,b9tyakanut1 ,boliwan1 agusna s9 bang9a ut mati4 ,ut inila d9 san agi ay iwud d9 patang s9 agusna4 ,ut yatda un1 ,angan yatmi insidam1 adan b9utyakan akusmo ta adika natay4 ,ut inbaladda ay manilit mo s9o d9angisida s9 patang4 ,inilada di idu s9 tongdon di bimabaktad&a1 ut inyatna un1 ,au1 ins$ak4 ,d9 dua s9 agi inyatna un1 ,puslundaka ut4 ,d9 idu inyatna un1 ,adikayo pomsu1 ta asak todoan si dakayo si mamuyan si magud1 ya pabilayuk si amayo loman4 ,d9 idu inyatna un1 ,yalio san gayang1 banig1 bislak1 ya matadum ay bato4 ,ut inamagda4 ,d9 idu inpau9a d9 gayanag1 banig bislak1 ya bato s9 sagun nagudgud1 ya inbunongna4 ,si ,boliwan natagu loman4 ,d9 s9 agi inyatda s9 idu1 ,waada ay anitoka4 ,d9 idu inyatna un1 ,au1 sakun di anito4 ,d9 s9 agi inyatda1 un1 ,+osadtako s9 anak di ifugau tamo waday +us n9a ay manomang ya sidotako di pangigapw&a mo sibsib&a4 ,boliwan _h two sons1 ,lumawig & ,kabigat4 ,"o day !y w5t hunt+1 & caught a de]4 ,!y />t$ home1 b became tir$ on ! way4 ,!y cut ! meat into pieces & dri$ x4 ,:ile !y 7 sitt+ d[n1 _! dogs ran aft] ano!r de]4 ,! two bro!rs foll[$ _! dogs4 ,!y told _! fa!r to gu>d ! meat4 ,"o ( ! bro!rs hit ! de] ) 8 spe>1 b did n kill x4 ,! de] ran away ) ! spe> 9 8 body4 ,!y return$ to ! place :]e _! fa!r 0 /ay+4 ,!y saw t ! meat 0 gone4 ,!y said to _! fa!r1 ,y surely ate ! meat4 ,_! fa!r said1 ,i did n eat x1 x 0 tak5 away :ile ,i 0 sleep+4 ,! sons said1 ,y d n speak well2 y c]ta9ly ate x4 ,boliwan cut op5 8 7own7 abdom5 ) a bolo1 & di$4 ,!n ! two bro!rs saw t !re 0 no meat 9 8 /oma*4 ,!n !y said1 ,al?\gh we said t y ate ! meat1 y %\ld n h cut op5 y\r abdom5 & !n y w\ld n h di$4 ,!n !y lay d[n & wat*$ to see :o _h eat5 ! meat4 ,!y saw a snake above :]e !y 7 /&+1 & said to x1 ,probably y ate ! meat4 ,! ,snake answ]$1 ,yes1 ,i ate x4 ,! two bro!rs said1 ,we %all c]ta9ly kill y4 ,! ,snake answ]$1 ,d n kill me2 ,i w tea* y h[ to cure w\nds1 & y c make y\r fa!r alive aga94 ,! ,snake said1 ,give me y\r spe>s1 bolos1 /icks1 & %>p /ones4 ,!y gave !m4 ,! ,snake put ! spe>s1 bolos1 /icks1 & rocks ne> ! w\nd & pray$4 ,boliwan became alive aga94 ,! bro!rs said to ! snake1 ,we ?9k y are a god 7anito74 ,! ,snake answ]$1 ,yes1 ,i am a god4 ,! bro!rs said1 ,we w tell ! *ildr5 ( ! p1 s t if !re is some?+ l ?is !y may cure x1 & may call our names :5 celebrat+ ! sibisib4 ,! /ory relat$ 9 ,buguias is sub/antially ! same z ! "o relat$ by ! ,kabayan ,nabaloi 9 ! same c]emony4 ,! sibisib is celebrat$ 9 ! t[n ( ,bacun 9 ,amburayan1 & 9 ,ampusungan ( ,lepanto1 b ,i d n "k :e!r x is made 9 o!r ,lepanto t[ns4 ,,gays+ ,! l>g] numb] ( ! ,b5guet ,kankanay are betro!d :ile *ildr5 by _! p>5ts4 ,! betro?al c]emony is call$ gays+4 ,z a rule ?is canao is celebrat$ :5 ! *ildr5 are v "y2 frequ5tly :ile !y are infants2 & occasionally be=e "o ( !m is born4 ,"o ( ! prim>y objects ( ! gays+ is to cem5t fri5d%ip betwe5 ! p>5ts1 & x is frequ5tly held aft] !y h qu>rel$ & pressure has be5 br\ght to be> to cause !m to become fri5dly aga94 ,an animal1 g5]ally a c[1 is kill$ & tapuy is furni%$1 b !re is no spok5 ritual4 ,! ,nabaloi cu/om ( betro?al is ! same1 & ! same c]emony is celebrat$4 ,,galon ,! betro?al c]emony celebrat$ by ! "y p !mselves )\t ! int]v5tion ( _! p>5ts is call$ galon4 ,x is held only 9 ! in/ances :]e !re has be5 no gays+1 or :]e ! p>ties = :om ! gays+ has be5 celebrat$ refuse to m>ry4 ,except 9 ! case ( ! ri*1 refusal to m>ry is r>e1 s9ce ! "o :o refuses mu/ pay all exp5ses incurr$ = ! gays+4 ,! galon is celebrat$ exactly l ! gays+4 ,! correspond+ ,nabaloi c]emony is call$ kalon4 ,,mangil9 ,! m>riage c]emony1 call$ mangil91 is simil> to ! mangid9 ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,a hog is always (f]$ = sacrifice1 & ! mambunong prays1 call+ ! names ( ! sky deities & ask+ !m to witness ! m>riage4 ,!y are also reque/$ to cause ^? m>ry+ to treat ea* o!r prop]ly1 to cause !m to h _m *ildr51 to cause ev]y?+ :i* !y plant to gr[ well1 to cause !m to h luck ) _! live/ock1 & to give !m long life & ri*es4 ,aft] ! pray] ! ,mambunong passes a cup ( wat] to ! bridegroom1 :o dr9ks1 & !n gives ! cup to ! bride4 ,a taboo is effective aga9/ bo? ! bride & groom = ?ree days aft] ! c]emony4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t !y g to ! brook to ba!1 ! man tak+ 8 ax & ! woman h] camote basket4 ,:ile ba?+ ea* "o repeats a %ort =mula1 aft] :i* !y are husb& & wife4 ,,mansiyanun ,9 case ( divorce ! mansiyanun1 :i* is ! same z ! pansijanun ( ! ,nabaloi1 is made4 ,!re is no spok5 ritual1 b a hog & tapuy are furni%$ ! p4 ,! engagem5t1 m>riage1 & divorce c]emonies are simil> ?r\gh\t ,b5guet1 ea/]n ,amburayan1 & s\!rn ,lepanto4 ,,sil+ ,! sil+1 or fun]al c]emony1 is celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns1 &1 inde$1 "u v>i\s names1 by ! majority if n all ( ! ,igorot tribes4 ,except 9 ! case ( infants or v small *ildr5 ! dead are n buri$ imm$iately1 b are put into a dea? *air ar\nd :i* fun]al rites are held4 ,9 ! meantime animals belong+ to ! dead p]son or 8 relatives are kill$ & eat51 :ile ! burial is delay$4 ,! int]val betwe5 ! dea? & ! burial v>ies accord+ to ! weal? ( ! deceas$1 sometimes la/+ = mon?s 9 ! case ( ! v weal?y4 ,ev5 :5 ! heal? au?orities =ce imm$iate burial on acc\nt ( dang] f infecti\s diseases1 ! sil+ cont9ues j ! same ) a dummy corpse 9 ! dea? *air4 ,be=e any?+ is kill$1 ! mambunong prays1 ask+ t ! food eat5 at ! sil+ may n cause sickness4 ,a female relative !n leans on ! dea? *air & says ! foll[+3 ,y are dead1 ----4 ,we are giv+ ev]y?+ we c = y\r sil+4 ,d n come back = u1 b let u live long4 ,aft] ! sil+ ends ! corpse is put into ! c(f9 & buri$ 9 ! gr\nd1 or plac$ 9 a natural cave4 ,! burial takes place ei!r 9 ! aft]noon1 betwe5 sunset & d>k1 or 9 ! morn+ be=e ! sun rises4 ,,pugas ,aft] a dead p]son has be5 buri$1 ! p ga!r 9 8 y>d4 ,!y get a vessel ( wat]1 & ! mambunong puts grass 9 x & spr9kles !m1 :ile say+ ! foll[+3 ,wada1 kano1 san dua s9 agi4 ,da$a ,balitok un ,obog4 ,nananakda ut napno san kabilibilig4 ,asida naatui san kayili&a4 ,natui payan inkapotda4 ,asida matapog nan kayipupugau at al&a san usay p+an ya lima ay tabon di pao1 ut manpagasda4 ,manpagasda pay1 kano1 yan laton utay magay mamatui un da$a4 ,+ayan duiay ya lida ut ipugasdasnan kayi ipuipugau ut sianan moada matui1 maagum san ipugau ut manpagasna4 ,!re 7 two bro!rs4 ,!y 7 ,balitok & ,obog4 ,!y _h *ildr51 & ! m\nta9s fell4 ,!n _! neighbors di$4 ,:5 !y di$ !y buri$ !m4 ,!n ! p ga!r$ toge!r1 & took "o plate & five leaves ( cogon grass & made a c]emony4 ,!y made ! c]emony !n s t none ( !m w\ld die4 ,!n !y h&$ x d[n to ! p s t :5 !re 7 dea?s1 ! p w\ld ga!r toge!r & p]=m ! c]emony4 ,! pugas corresponds to ! ,nabaloi okat4 ,,kiad ,! kiad is a c]emony celebrat$ by ! ,kankanay ( ,kapangan & ,kibungan to cure sickness inflict$ ^u ! weal?y by ! s\ls ( _! dead relatives4 ,a c>abao1 a c[1 or a horse may be kill$ :5 ! kiad is celebrat$4 ,! p fir/ take a j> ( tapuy to ! grave ( t dead relative ( ! sick p]son :o is indicat$ by ! anap z hav+ caus$ ! sickness4 ,a hole is made 9 ! grave1 & ! mambunong prays z foll[s3 ,amud1 omalika ta yaanaka si noang1 gale2 ya man9ommi tapuy4 ,s\l ( dead relative1 come because y are giv5 a c>abao1 a blanket2 & we w dr9k tapuy4 ,! blanket is put into ! grave1 aft] :i* ! p g to ! h\se ( ! sick p]son4 ,!y tie ! animal to be kill$1 & give ! rope to ! mambunong4 ,he !n prays z foll[s1 :ile hold+ ! rope3 ,ud niman nay yaanakka si noang1 ut masaoan di sakitna4 ,n[ ,i am giv+ y a c>abao1 & may ! sickness be cur$4 ,! c>abao is !n kill$ & cook$4 ,j be=e ! p eat1 ! mambunong says3 ,amud1 omalika ta mangangtaka4 ,s\l ( ! dead relative1 come & eat ) u4 ,aft] ! p h eat51 ! mambunong %akes ! two blankets to be us$ by ! danc]s1 9 ord] t he may %ake out ! spirits ( ! blankets = ! dead relative4 ,:ile do+ ?is he says ! foll[+3 ,bomaknangkami1 onm&okami1 ta waday kadayyawanmo4 ,may we be ri*1 may we live long1 s t !re is y\r remembrance4 ,! p !n sp5d ! re/ ( ! day danc+ & dr9k+ tapuy4 ,! c]emony is entirely diff]5t f ! kiad ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,x corresponds 9 purpose & occasion to ! ,nabaloi tabwak4 ,,kosde ,kosde1 call$ pakde 9 "s b>rios1 is celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns4 ,! purpose ( ! c]emony is to cause agricultural products to gr[ well1 & x is always celebrat$ "s "t betwe5 rice plant+ & rice h>ve/+1 g5]ally soon aft] ! plant+ has be5 f9i%$4 ,! night be=e ! c]emony beg9s1 e fire 9 ! b>rio is ext+ui%$1 & ! next morn+ new fire is produc$ by means ( friction4 ,ea* h\sehold mu/ furni% a hog or *ick5 & a j> ( tapuy4 ,! mambunong holds a sep>ate c]emony at ea* h\se1 & prays to ! gods & spirits ask+ t ! yield may be suffici5t = ! p & t !re may be en\gh surplus ) :i* to celebrate _m c]emonies4 ,aft] ! c]emony has be5 held at ea* h\se1 ! meat & tapuy are tak5 to "o place4 ,! m5 proce$ to dr9k ! tapuy1 b ! meat is divid$ among ! p accord+ to ! numb] 9 ea* family4 ,! "p :i* c n be eat5 is hung above ! fire & dri$4 ,?is c]emony corresponds to ! ,nabaloi kosday2 to ! pakde or begnas ( ! ,lepanto ,kankanay2 &1 9 a g5]al way1 to ! honga ( ! ,ifugao1 & ! *aka ( ! ,bontoc4 ,,bugid ,! c]emony call$ bugid is held 9 ! ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns :5 ! wat] = irrigation is n suffici5t4 ,a j> ( tapuy & "s dri$ meat are tak5 to ! field = sacrifice1 & ! own] ( ! field prays to ! spirits ( suicides ask+ !m n to try to dr9k f ! irrigation dit*es4 ,! purpose ( ! c]emony corresponds to ! tawal ni payu ( ! ,nabaloi1 & to ! bakid z celebrat$ 9 "s ( ! ,lepanto ,kankanay t[ns4 ,,pungau ,! pungau is celebrat$ by ! ,b5guet ,kankanay at ! beg9n+ ( rice h>ve/4 ,be=e any rice c be ga!r$1 ! own] ( ! field mu/ procure a j> ( tapuy & ei!r a *ick5 or dri$ meat1 :i* are tak5 to ! field4 ,! own] holds ! *ick5 or dri$ meat 9 "o h& & prays t ! rice to be h>ve/$ may increase to an am\nt suffici5t to la/ until ! next h>ve/1 & promises t a l>ge "p ( x w be us$ = c]emonies4 ,aft] ! pray] all :o are to take "p 9 ! c]emony dr9k tapuy4 ,no "o else is all[$ 9 ! field until aft] ! h>ve/+ has be5 complet$1 & a piece ( clo? is display$ to w>n away intrud]s4 ,?is c]emony corresponds to ! pungau ( ! ,nabaloi & ! safosab ( ! ,bontoc4 ,! ,lepanto ,kankanay also celebrate a c]emony be=e beg9n+ rice h>ve/1 b ,i d n "k by :at "n x is designat$ nor ! mann] 9 :i* x is celebrat$4 ,,bugak ,be=e any new rice is eat51 ! c]emony call$ bugak is held4 ,"s ( ! new rice & ei!r dri$ meat or a *ick5 are cook$4 ,a mambunong is n necess>y1 b ! head ( ! h\sehold ?r[s "s ( ! cook$ rice 9 ! fire & says3 ,y1 ! fire :i* did ! cook+1 %all be ! fir/ to eat1 9 ord] t ! rice %all n cause u to become sick4 ,he prays a simil> pray] to ! pots 9 :i* ! cook+ has be5 done1 to ! rack on :i* ! rice 0 dri$1 & to ! mort> 9 :i* x 0 ?re%$4 ,?is c]emony corresponds to ! bakak ( ! ,nabaloi4 ,,saldi ,! c]emony call$ saldi is held be=e eat+ ! meat ( animals :i* h di$ ( disease or h fall5 f a cliff4 ,pieces ( ! animals' liv] are ?r[n 9 v>i\s directions :ile ! mambunong addresses ! bilig liv+ 9 ! pa/ure l&s ( ! animal1 ask+ t sickness may n result f eat+ ! meat4 ,aft] ! meat has be5 cook$1 ! mambunong invites ! fire & ! pot to eat fir/1 9 ord] t ! p :o eat may n become sick4 ,?is c]emony1 :i* corresponds to ! ,nabaloi sal*i1 is celebrat$ 9 all ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns1 & also 9 ,bacun1 ,amburayan1 & 9 ,ampusungan & ,mancayan1 ,lepanto4 ,,bilig ,! bilig are spirits :i* are fri5dly to ! p1 b cause sickness :5 !y ne$ blankets or food4 ,! c]emony call$ bilig is p]=m$ to cure ! sickness caus$ by ^! spirits4 ,a *ick51 tapuy1 rice1 & blankets are obta9$4 ,! mambunong puts a basket full ( blankets on 8 head1 holds a *ick5 9 "o h&1 & :ile squatt+ beside ! tapuy & rice says ! foll[+3 ,usay ag\ ud nabaon1 d9 dagum ya d9 kimat nanbatbatda isan mabilig4 ,k9wan9 kanon1 dagum un1 ,wawadaak mo si sika4 ,tumba pay1 kano1 si kimat1 ,wawadaak mo si sika1 tan mo kanuk sikayi1 pantaoliuk ut matagua loman4 ,mo si sika payut mo waday kanun yan matui4 ,asi abun kanon dugum un1 ,mo sakun kanuk yan matagua loman4 ,asi k9wan9a kimat un1 ,mo si asa amuita s9 bato ay dakdakui ta mo pitakun d9 bato4 ,ta mo adika pitakun d9 bato1 asika pantaol9mo makipitak1 yan mauabakko sika4 ,ungayan domagum si madadama yan adi makapitak s9 bato4 ,mayisokat pay d9 kimat kapitat s9 bato ut as9a pantaoliun4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,mauabakko sika tan adika nakapitak s9 bato4 ,ungayan al&a san takokoda ut inda manigay4 ,manigay pay si dagum yan usay odang yan usay dalit kitkitoi waday4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,sakun di manigay4 ,sia d9 putna adado adadaka ikan4 ,sia k9wan9a s9 dagum un1 ,sika manotoka4 ,d9 dagum inana s9 usay sugat ut apoiana4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,ay bakun adadosa4 ,adi makakan san banga4 ,sakun d9 manoto ta ilaum4 ,kaa ut1 kano1 si kimat ut siay manoto4 ,kaa usay bugas1 ut pay inana isan bangada4 ,d9 bugas p9mona san bangada4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,manungdungka kakod4 ,d9 dagum inpa9a d9 usay dakdakui ikan s9 bangada4 ,ilan pay1 ,kanon1 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,nakun1 adi makakan san banga4 ,ilaum sakun di manungdung4 ,d9 kimat g9isgusna d9 ikan ut payuna di usay gusgus s9 banga4 ,d9 gusgus p9mona san banga4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,tapagunta nan igan di ikanta1 asita panoliunta eda loman4 ,makak&a pay1 kano1 yan itup eda san igan di inpangada4 ,itupada paysan igan di inpangan dagum4 ,adi nantaoli4 ,itupada paysan igan di inpangan kimat2 manlangoi ut1 kano1 duw&an komaan4 ,d9 kimat k9wan9a un1 ,inauabakko sika4 ,d9 dagum k9wan9a un1 ,au1 ungaykayiman naabakak isan4 ,ungayan mankayunda4 ,"o day1 long ago1 ! ,w9d & ! ,lightn+ met on ! top ( a m\nta94 ,said ! ,w9d1 ,i am great] ?an y4 ,!n ! ,lightn+ answ]$1 ,i am great] ?an y because :5 ,i de/roy a tree1 ,i make x live aga94 ,b :5 y h x = food1 x dies4 ,!n said ! ,w9d aga91 ,:5 ,i eat x1 x lives aga94 ,!n said ! ,lightn+1 ,!n we w g to a l>ge rock1 s t y c break ! rock to pieces4 ,because if y d n break ! rock to pieces & !n return ! brok5 pieces1 ,i w9 aga9/ y4 ,!n ! ,w9d blew h>d1 b ! rock 0 n brok54 ,imm$iately !n ! ,lightn+ broke ! rock1 & !n put x back toge!r4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,i w9 aga9/ y1 because y did n break ! rock4 ,!n !y took _! nets & w5t to fi%4 ,! ,w9d fi%$1 & he caught "o lob/] & "o small eel4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,i w fi%4 ,he caught _m l>ge fi%4 ,he said to ! ,w9d1 ,y cook4 ,! ,w9d took "o *upa 7( rice7 to cook4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,n t mu*4 ,! pot w n conta9 x4 ,i %all cook s t y w see4 ,! ,lightn+ w5t imm$iately & cook$4 ,he imm$iately got "o gra9 ( rice1 & put x into ! pot4 ,! gra9 ( rice fill$ ! pot4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,y cook ! fi%4 ,! ,w9d put "o l>ge fi% into ! pot4 ,:5 ! ,lightn+ saw x he said1 ,n t mu*2 ! pot w n hold x4 ,wat* me cook4 ,! ,lightn+ cut ! fi% into pieces & put "o piece into ! pot4 ,! piece fill$ ! pot4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,put into a pile ! bones ( ! fi%2 !n we w cause !m to become alive aga94 ,!y f9i%$ eat+1 & !n ?rew into ! wat] ! bones ( :at !y _h eat54 ,!y ?rew into ! wat] fir/ ! bones ( :at _h be5 eat5 by ! ,w9d4 ,!y did n return to life4 ,!n !y ?rew into ! wat] ! bones ( :at _h be5 eat5 by ! ,lightn+2 !y swam1 & w5t away4 ,! ,lightn+ said1 ,i won aga9/ y4 ,! ,w9d said1 ,yes1 truly1 ,i lo/ ?is4 ,!n !y became fri5ds4 ,,dagas ,:5 two or m p]sons liv+ 9 "o h\se become sick at ! same "t1 ! anap g5]ally %[s t ! dagas1 :i* are spirits t live 9 h\ses1 h caus$ ! sickness4 ,:5 ! p liv+ 9 a c]ta9 h\se h n _h a canao = a long "t1 ! dagas :i* live ) !m become hungry & make !m sick4 ,! c]emony :i* mu/ !n be celebrat$ is call$ by ! same "n1 dagas4 ,a *ick51 rice1 blankets1 & tapuy are necess>y4 ,! mambunong holds ! *ick5 9 "o h&1 & squats ne> ! rice1 tapuy1 & blankets :ile relat+ ! foll[+3 ,wada1 kano1 san dua ay s9 agi4 ,bomalada pay1 kano1 mo waday mansida4 ,pankapokapoan san ipugau4 ,ay kaasi ta pay kanosna adi unya nan manili si ipanganta4 ,da$a k9wan9a un1 ,amuita ut ta unta masapos boita s9 lomasan4 ,makasapoda payan unmadas asoda1 ut unda manganop4 ,manganopoda pay1 kano1 yan guniyagiak san asoda isan gaw&a kadu4 ,amuida ut1 kano1 gigyakunda san malawas ay kayi1 ya malawas ay bulo1 malawas ay maka4 ,da$a k9wan9a1 ,alauntako ut nata sap\nta si boita4 ,alaunda pay1 kano1 ut sap\nda boida4 ,yan kanutnut kas9dan sasakit2 ungayan al&a ut1 kano1 san usay manokda1 ut ya &a san dagas pay mayilatonan4 ,asida pay ipaytok s9an ipugau ut siay yat abun nan ipugau4 ,!re 7 two bro!rs4 ,!y w5t out ( ! h\se :5 !re 0 a c]emony4 ,! p rubb$ _! greasy h&s on !m4 ,!y 7 sad because !y 7 n giv5 food by ! p4 ,!y said1 ,let u g & make our h\se out ( sight4 ,:5 !y _h left1 !y took _! dogs & w5t to hunt4 ,:ile !y 7 hunt+1 _! dogs b>k$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! =e/4 ,!y w5t !re1 & !y 7 b>k+ at a bran*less tree1 a bran*less bamboo1 & a bran*less v9e4 ,!y said1 ,let u take !m & use 7!m7 = mak+ our h\se4 ,!y took !m & us$ 7!m7 = mak+ _! h\se4 ,!n !y 7 always sick1 b !y took "o *ick5 & gave x to ! dagas4 ,!n !y h&$ ?is d[n to ! p1 & x is be+ done aga9 by ! p4 ,,laglagiw9 ,:5 ! mambunong decides t a p]son has be5 made sick by 8 gu>dian _s1 he causes ! sick p]son to hold a *ick5 9 8 h& & to repeat ! foll[+3 ,sika ,laklakiw91 ay poon di ababiik1 omalika tan magay ya ak sika si manok makon sikay mamaspasaki1 un ya adodi ya adi un pansakitun sakun4 ,y1 ,laglagiw91 ! orig9 ( ! ababiik1 come1 because ,i w give y a *ick5 if y are ! "o t has caus$ ! sickness1 & y w n aga9 make me sick4 ,! *ick5 is !n kill$ & cook$1 & j be=e x is eat5 ! sick p]son repeats ! pray]4 ,,tanong ,! tanong is a c]emony celebrat$ to cure sickness caus$ by ! s\ls ( dead ance/ors4 ,a c>abao1 a c[1 a hog1 or a *ick5 may be sacrific$1 accord+ to ! weal? ( ! sick p]son4 ,a mambunong is n necess>y1 b ! sick p]son himself prays z foll[s3 ,yan nay ay d9 n\angko1 ta mayilotonan d9 anguk1 mokon dakayo paksau s9an angut ay mansakit4 ,yamo si bigat ya mataguak ya way n\angak ya &aka loman4 ,"h ,i am giv+ = tanong my c>abao s t my body w be cur$ if y made my body sick4 ,if tomorr[ ,i am alive & h a c>abao1 ,i w give x aga94 ,! promise to make additional sacrifice is r>ely kept1 & ,i h be5 told by ^? celebrat+ ! c]emony t !y _h no int5tion ( keep+ x4 ,aft] ! pray] has be5 utt]$1 ! animal is kill$4 ,if a c>abao or c[ has be5 sacrific$1 "o ( ! m5 pres5t cuts small pieces f its liv] & ?r[s !m 9 diff]5t directions1 :ile say+ ! foll[+3 ,dakayo ay kakad+ isan nan>aban di n\ang1 ya &akayo s9an g9otmo alti to pakamonyo ay inpangantka d9 n\ng aynay4 ,y1 ! s\ls ( ! dead 9 ! pa/ure l&s ( ! c>abao1 y are giv5 ^! pieces ( liv] t y may "k t ! c>abao has be5 sacrific$4 ,aft] ! meat has be5 cook$1 ! sick p]son speaks ! same pray] :i* he recit$ be=e ! animal 0 kill$4 ,,sagausau ,among ! ,kankanay ( ,b5guet ! sagausau is g5]ally celebrat$ be=e />t+ on a j\rney1 & always be=e />t+ on a j\rney to trade4 ,a *ick5 is fir/ kill$ & its gall exam9$4 ,if ! gall is full & smoo? ! trad] w h luck1 b if ! gall does n look "r1 ! trip is delay$ & ! next day ano!r *ick5 is kill$4 ,:5 ! prospective trad] f9ds a *ick5 ^: gall is all "r1 he !n proce$s to celebrate ! sagausau4 ,9 ! we/]n ,b5guet ,kankanay t[ns1 ! p]son giv+ ! sagausau prays z foll[s3 ,sika ag\ ya boan1 nay ay manaugasauak2 s9a yamo amoya s9 amoyak1 ya ya&a sakun si galiko ya tako&a sakun ni nalaka4 ,y1 ,sun & ,moon1 ,i am n[ celebrat+ ! sagausau2 & if ,i g1 :]ev] ,i g1 make !m give me blankets & sell to me *eap4 ,9 ,buguias1 :]e a l>ge numb] ( p make _! liv+ by act+ z middlem51 betwe5 ! ,nabaloi & ,ilocano on ! "o h&1 & ! ,ifugao on ! o!r1 ! pray] :i* is spok5 by ! mambunong is z foll[s3 ,y1 ,sun & ,moon1 come2 witness ! sagausau4 ---- is ab\t to />t on a j\rney to trade4 ,may he be successful 9 trad+4 ,may he be able to collect all t is due him & evade paym5t ( :at he owes4 ,cause ! p to give him food & blankets4 ,9 ! ,lepanto t[n ( ,mancayan ! sagausau is celebrat$1 b ,i d n "k :e!r or n x is held 9 ! o!r ,lepanto t[ns4 ,! sagausau ( ! ,nabaloi is celebrat$ = a diff]5t purpose & is an entirely diff]5t c]emony4 ,,my?s #aj ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,big ,,& ,,little ,,?und] ,guaday ifugau ay way onasna4 ,usay bungbungo idi una inila baung1 inila ay waday mangibot si onasna4 ,ud isay labi nantabon ta ilauna4 ,inila nay adadu ay basang nay omali ay inbayat si si lupateha s9 alad4 ,inanay d9 lupot nay usali yan kimiti4 ,d9 isali nay babayi inani di lupot1 yan s9mayag1 mod9 usali nabayan ad9 makasayag tan d9 lupot inikudna d9 payadna4 ,inkwan9a s9 ifugau un1 ,iatudmo d9 lupotko1 tan sakun talauak1 yan kianko ay sumayag ud kayang4 ,mon d9 ifugau yatna un1 ,adiak iatud d9 lupotmo anganas asauwam sakun4 ,ud niman manasauwada1 mon ad9a inatud d9 lupotna insisiya4 ,mo d9 lalaki inpu9a di lupot s9 dalum di dakalan s9 ad9a inila4 ,ud niman angoi yay tolo ay tauan di manasauw&a1 ut nananakda's dua4 ,idi usali yay ag\ d9 babayi inmui nay sans9okatan d9 dakdakalan1 idi s9okatanan dakalan1 d+tungna d9 lupotna4 ,mo d9 usali nay anak mati4 ,d9 si inada maladi ay inanilaun di usali yay anakna ay mabayan si nalabi1 mon ad9 omali s9 kagauan4 ,s9 nam+san nay labi1 d9 si inana di anak piana nay alaun sisiya ut kayang1 mon d9 si amana inilana si asauwana4 ,idi anoka naniboda ut mantolagada un panpapitakadda d9 anak4 ,si inana d9 kagadua1 ut nanbiagana2 idi nanbiagana di kagadua1 b9ugauwan naut di usali yay kagaduana4 ,mod9 usali nay kagaduana nabuyok tan si amana ad9a mabal9 nay panbiagan4 ,idi nam+san nay labi1 d9 si inana nanbiagana1 yan yatna un1 ,sulabitam d9 kagaduum4 ,ud niman s9ongbalana1 mon adiut napigsa tan nabayag ay nabuyok4 ,nanbal9 si kitkitoi yay kido1 ut usali nay kagadua nanbal9 nay abalug ay kido4 ,!re 0 a man :o _h sug> cane4 ,"o morn+ :5 he w5t to see 8 field1 he saw t "s "o _h /ol5 8 sug> cane4 ,!n "o night he hid to wat*4 ,he saw _m beautiful wom5 come & hang _! clo?+ on ! f5ce4 ,he took ! clo?+ ( "o & made a l\d noise4 ,! o!r wom5 took _! clo?+ & flew away1 b ! "o rema9+ c\ld n fly because h] w+s 7 fa/5$ to h] clo?+4 ,%e said to ! man1 ,give me my clo?+1 because ,i am a /> & wi% to fly away to ! sky4 ,b ! man said1 ,i w n give y y\r clo?+ until y m>ry me4 ,!n !y m>ri$1 b he did n give h] clo?+ to h]4 ,b ! man hid ! clo?+ "u ! dakalan #aa :5 %e 0 n look+4 ,f t "t until ?ree ye>s 7aft]w>ds7 !y 7 m>ri$1 & !y _h two *ildr54 ,"o day ! woman />t$ to *ange ! dakalan2 :ile *ang+ ! dakalan %e f\nd h] clo?+4 ,!n "o ( ! *ildr5 di$4 ,! "m cont9u$ to come to visit ! rema9+ *ild 9 ! night1 b w\ld n come 9 ! daytime4 ,"o night ! "m ( ! *ild want$ to take x to ! sky1 b ! fa!r saw 8 wife4 ,t "t !y qu>rel$ & agre$ to split ! *ild 9 two4 ,! "m took "o half & made x alive2 :5 ! half _h be5 made alive x call$ l\dly = ! o!r half4 ,b ! o!r half 0 rott5 because ! fa!r 0 n able to make x live4 ,!n "o night ! "m made x alive & said1 ,answ] y\r half4 ,!n x answ]$1 b n l\dly1 because x 0 rott54 ,x became ! ,little ,?und]1 & ! o!r half became ! ,big ,?und]4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,?und] ,,& ,,lightn+ ,ud agayao inmali s9an lota d9 ,lumawig1 ut inbu9a d9isay babayi4 ,sia adadu ditonodna ay babayi4 ,inapada ta bakun eda di masauwana1 ,dayida ipa$a d9 posok s9daon di kaugunda4 ,d9 ,lumawig s9ongsongna d9 posok1 ian ad9a layidun4 ,sia k9wan9a s9 asauwana1 ,sakun mantaoliak ud tagoi2 alayuk d+udwan d9 anakta ya makayan d+udwana4 ,sia g9udwana d9 anakta1 ut inana d9 toktokna4 ,d9 toktona mabungut tan iwud d9 awakna ut nanbugan4 ,d9 ,lumawig s9apona d9 awak ya d9sik9a1 ut sia d9k$o4 ,d9 gudwana ay b9ayan d9 ,lumawig adi makali1 ut sia inmali loman ut s9apona d9 toktok1 ut masauwana d9 k$o ut sia d9 kimat4 ,long ago ,lumawig came to ! e>? & m>ri$ a girl4 ,%e _h _m si/]s4 ,!y 7 jeal\s because he _h n m>ri$ !m4 ,!y put g>lic "u _! b$s4 ,lumawig smell$ ! g>lic & did n l x4 ,he said to 8 wife1 ,i %all return to ! sky2 ,i %all take half ( our *ild & leave half4 ,he divid$ ! *ild into halves1 & took ! head4 ,! head 0 angry because x did n h its body1 & talk$ l\dly4 ,lumawig made x a body & legs1 & x became ! ,?und]4 ,! half t ,lumawig left c\ld n talk1 b he return$ aga9 & made 7x a7 head1 & x m>ri$ ! ,?und]1 & x 7became7 ! ,lightn+4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,kabunian ,waday isa ay liang s9 isa ay bantag s9$ nabaon1 kabunian bonngonanona di ifugau nga oomoi sidi4 ,yatda un mang&a mon adida alaun d9 pilad4 ,kayipo ifugau di amoi ud guab ay un manlakos piana amoi s9 liang4 ,d9 anito bunganasda eda4 ,s9 mam+san inmoi di isay lakay ut b9onngan di anito yan inana ut d9 nanagananna ay pilad4 ,ut nanbiliu si bato1 ut inmaylagui s9 sookan di liang4 ,mapo di danom s9 tupukna ut mo waday malabas inomunda4 ,mayigapo s9 nangisa&a si pilad t9ekdan d9 kabunian di manbumo4 ,!re is a cave 9 a m\nta9 :]e long ago ! gods gave food to ! p :o /opp$ !re4 ,!y told !m to eat1 b n to c>ry away ! plates4 ,_m p go+ to ! sea%ore to trade w\ld /op at ! cave4 ,! gods gave !m food4 ,once a man /opp$ & 0 f$ by ! gods1 b took away ! di%es 9 :i* he _h eat54 ,!n he 0 turn$ to /one1 & 7n[7 /&s 9 front ( ! cave4 ,wat] gu%es f 8 m\?1 & :5 !re are 7p7 pass+ by !y dr9k x4 ,aft] ! plates 7 tak5 away ! gods /opp$ giv+ food4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,man ,id nabaon g9mosad si kabunian s9an lota1 mo'n iwud di ifugau4 ,sia k9wanida1 ,maptung mo waday ifugau4 ,takosamopoa si lalaki iga babayi4 ,eda inoma si lota ut s9mapo si dua ay s9an ifugau ut pimatakdugna4 ,d9k+pas manok as9a panglagtoan k9wanida1 ,pansiakak eda ta matagoda4 ,ut isa s9an ifugau naysiak4 ,sia nanbal9 si lalaki4 ,d9usa d9nguna d+anangona ut naysiak abu1 ut nanbal9 si babayi4 ,long ago ! gods came to ! e>?1 b !re 7 no p4 ,!y said1 ,x is good if !re are p4 ,we w make a man & a woman4 ,!y took "s e>? & made two p & /ood !m up4 ,!y pluck$ ! fea!rs f a *ick5 & made x jump1 say+1 ,we %all make !m laugh s t !y w be alive4 ,!n "o ( ! p laugh$4 ,he became a man4 ,! o!r he>d ! fir/ & laugh$ also1 & became a woman4 ,,notes #a ,see my ,nabaloi ,law & ,ritual1 pres5t volume1 pp4 #bcf-bga1 #aibj4 #b ,ibid41 pp4 #bhj-cce4 #c ,phil4 ,j\r4 ( ,sci41 ,,ix1 ,section ,d1 #dfe-ebg1 #aiad4 #d ,comp>e ,f4 ,c4 ,cole1 ,traditions ( ! ,t+uian1 ,publ4 ( ,field ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,an?rop4 ,s]41 ,,xiv2 & ,r4 ,f4 ,b>ton1 ,ifugao ,law1 pres5t volume4 #e ,see ! pres5t volume1 p4 #bhi4 #f ,bas$ on ! publication by ,j4 ,a4 ,rob]tson1 ,! ,igorots ( ,lepanto1 ,phil4 ,j\r4 ( ,sci41 ,,ix1 section ,d1 pp4 #dfe-ebg1 #aiad4 ,ifugao analogies are cit$ 9 ?is pap] 9 footnotes4 #g ,all ! c]emonies describ$ 9 ?is section 7 record$ among ! ,b5guet ,kankanay 9 ! t[n%ips ( ,kibungan1 ,kapangan1 & ,buguias4 ,all ! texts 7 record$ 9 ,kibungan except ^? ( ! kiad1 :i* 7 record$ 9 ! c5tral b>rio ( ,kapangan1 & ^? ( ! ampasit & tanong1 :i* 7 record$ 9 ! b>rio ( ,legleg1 ,kapangan4 ,kibungan is a t[n 9 ! nor?we/]n corn] ( ,b5guet4 ,x is inaccessible1 & has be5 affect$ v little by outside influ5ce4 ,x adjo9s ! ,amburayan t[n ( ,bacun1 & ! ,lepanto t[n ( ,ampasungan4 ,legleg is ab\t midway betwe5 ,kibungan & ! ,nabaloi b\nd>y2 ! b>rio ( ,kapangan is on ! l9e betwe5 ! ,nabaloi & ,kankanay2 & ,buguias is 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ,b5guet1 nor? ( ! ,nabaloi t[n ( ,kabayan4 ,! dialect is spok5 ) "s diff]5ce ( pronunciation 9 ! v>i\s t[ns4 ,x is believ$ t all public c]emonies celebrat$ by ! ,b5guet ,kankanay are describ$ 9 ?is section1 b "s ( ! private c]emonies 7 probably ov]look$4 #h ,see note #g1 p4 #ced4 #i ,a k9d ( root eat5 by ! ,igorot :5 ! supply ( rice or camotes is limit$4 #aj ,! fir/ & f\r? my?s 7 record$ 9 ,kibungan1 ! second 9 ,kapangan1 ! ?ird 9 ,legleg4 #aa ,! ?ree rocks on :i* ! pots sit4