,,argum5ts ,,( ,,celsus1 ,,porphyry1 & ,,! ,,emp]or ,,julian1 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,*ri/ians2 ,,also ,,extracts ,,f ,,diodorus ,,siculus1 ,,josephus1 ,,& ,,tacitus1 ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,jews1 ,,toge!r ,,) ,,an ,,app5dix2 ,,conta9+3 ,,! ,,oration ,,( ,,libanius ,,9 ,,def5ce ,,( ,,! ,,temples ,,( ,,! ,,hea!ns1 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,dr4 ,,l>dn]2 ,,& ,,extracts ,,f ,,b+ham',s ,,antiquities ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 ,by ,?omas ,taylor ,,mdcccxxx4 ,= if inde$ ,julian _h caus$ all ^? t 7 "u 8 dom9ion to be ri*] ?an ,midas1 & ea* ( ! cities great] ?an ,babylon once 01 & _h also surr\nd$ ea* ( !m ) a gold5 wall1 b _h correct$ none ( ! exi/+ errors respect+ div9ity1 he w\ld h act$ 9 a mann] simil> to a physician1 :o receiv+ a body full ( evils 9 ea* ( its p>ts1 %\ld cure all ( !m except ! eyes4--,liban4 ,p>5tal1 9 ,julian1 p4 #bhe4 ,,introduction4 ,i ,,h (t5 wi%$1 says ,w>burton 9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,=/]1 ,octob] #ae1 #agdi1 = a h& capable ( collect+ all ! fragm5ts rema9+ ( ,porphyry1 ,celsus1 ,hi]ocles1 & ,julian1 & giv+ !m to u ) a j1 critical & !ological comm5t1 z a defy to infidelity4 ,x is c]ta9 we want some?+ m ?an :at _! anci5t answ]]s h giv5 u4 ,?is w\ld be a v noble "w994 ,! au?or ( ! foll[+ ,collectanea has p>tially effect$ :at ,dr4 ,w>burton wi%$ 99 ,see ,b>k]'s ,p>riana1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dh4 iv to see accompli%$2 = z he is n a div9e1 he has n attempt$ 9 8 ,notes to confute ,celsus1 b has conf9$ himself solely to an illu/ration ( 8 mean+1 by a citation ( p>allel passages 9 o!r anci5t au?ors4 ,z ! answ]1 h[ev]1 ( ,orig5 to ! argum5ts ( ,celsus is v futile & ineffici5t1 x w\ld be admirable to see "s "o ( ! le>n$ div9es ) :i* ! *ur* at pres5t ab\nds1 leap into ! ar5a1 & by vanqui%+ ,celsus1 prove t ! ,*ri/ian religion is peculi>ly adapt$ to ! pres5t times1 & to ! int]e/ ( ! prie/s by :om x is pr(ess$ & dissem9at$4 ,! ,m>quis ,d',arg5s publi%$ a translation 9 ,fr5*1 accompani$ by ! ,greek text1 ( ! argum5ts ( ! ,emp]or ,julian aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians2 & z an apology = ! pres5t "w1 ,i subjo9 ! foll[+ translation ( a "p ( 8 prelim9>y disc\rse1 9 :i* he def5ds t publication4 ,x may be t c]ta9 half-witt$ g5tleman v may reproa* me = hav+ br\ght =w>d a "w compos$ 9 =m] times aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 9 ! vulg> tongue4 ,to su* ,i might at once simply reply1 t ! "w 0 pres]v$ by a ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*2 b ,i w g fur!r1 & tell !m ) ,fa!r ,petau1 :o gave a ,greek edition ( ! works ( ,julian1 t if ^? :o condemn ! au?ors t h publi%$ ^! works1 w temp] ! ard\r ( _! zeal ) reason & judgem5t1 !y w ?9k diff]5tly1 & w di/+ui% betwe5 ! good use t may be made ( ! book1 & ! bad int5tions ( ! writ]4 ,fa!r ,petau also judici\sly rem>ks1 t if ! times 7 n gone by :5 daemons took ! advantage ( idolatry to s$uce mank9d1 x w\ld be prud5t n to af=d any aid1 or give ! b5efit ( any invective aga9/ ,jesus1 or ! ,*ri/ian religion to ! organs ( ^? daemons2 b s9ce by ! bless+ ( ,god & ! help ( ! cross1 :i* h br\ght ab\t our salvation1 ! mon/r\s dogmas ( ,paganism are buri$ 9 oblivion1 vi we h no?+ to fe> f t pe/2 !re is no weighty reason = our ris+ up aga9/ ! monum5ts ( ,pagan ab]ration t n[ rema91 & totally de/roy+ !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! same ,fa!r ,petau says1 t x is bett] to treat !m z ! anci5t ,*ri/ians treat$ ! images & temples ( ! gods4 ,at fir/1 9 ! prov9ces 9 :i* !y 7 9 p[]1 !y raz$ !m to ! v f\ndations1 t no?+ might be visible to po/]ity t c\ld p]petuate impiety1 or ! sight ( :i* c\ld recall mank9d to an abom9able wor%ip4 ,b :5 ! same ,*ri/ians _h firmly e/abli%$ _! religion1 x appe>$ m rational to !m1 aft] de/roy+ ! alt>s & /atues ( ! gods1 to pres]ve ! temples1 & by purify+ !m1 to make !m s]viceable = ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god4 ,! same ,*ri/ians also1 n only discont9u$ to break ! /atues & images ( ! gods1 b !y took ! *oice/ ( !m1 t 7 ! "w ( ! mo/ celebrat$ arti/s1 & set !m up 9 public places to ornam5t _! cities1 z well z to recall to ! memory ( ^? :o beheld !m1 h[ gross vii ! bl9dness99 ( _! ance/ors _h be51 & h[ p[]ful ! grace t _h deliv]$ !m f x4 ,! ,m>quis d',arg5s fur!r obs]ves3 ,x 7 to be wi%$1 t ,fa!r ,petau1 hav+ s judici\sly consid]$ ! works ( ,julian1 _h =m$ an equally correct idea ( ! p]son ( t ,emp]or4 ,i _c discov] ?r\gh :at caprice he takes x amiss1 t a c]ta9 le>n$ ,pr(essor9999 has prais$ ! civil virtues ( ,julian1 & condemn$ ! evid5tly false calumnies t almo/ all ! ecclesia/ical au?ors h lavi%$ ^u him2 & among/ ! re/ ,gregory & ,cyril1 :o to ! good argum5ts !y h adduc$ aga9/ ! false reason+ ( ,julian1 h add$ insults :i* ought nev] to h be5 us$ by any def5d] ( tru?4 ,!y h cruelly 99 ,! ,hea!ns w\ld "h reply to ,fa!r ,petau4 ,:i* is ! great] bl9dness ( ! two1-- ours1 9 wor%ipp+ ! images ( dei=m processions f ! ineffable pr9ciple ( ?+s1 & :o are et]nally unit$ to him2 or t ( ! ,papi/s1 9 wor%ipp+ ! images ( wor?less m5 9999 ,monsieur de la ,bletric4 viii calumniat$ ?is ,emp]or to fav\r _! good cause1 & conf\nd$ ! j1 wise1 clem5t1 & mo/ c\rage\s pr9ce1 ) ! ,pagan philosoph] & !ologian2 :5 !y ought simply to h refut$ him ) argum5t1 9 no case ) insult1 & /ill less ) calumnies s evid5tly false1 t dur+ f\rte5 c5turies1 9 :i* !y h be5 s (t5 repeat$1 !y h nev] be5 accr$it$1 nor enabl$ to assume ev5 an air ( tru?4 ,a wise ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 ,la ,mo!1 ,le ,vay]1 9 reflect+ on ! great virtues ) :i* ,julian 0 end[$1 on ! contempt he manife/$ = dea?1 on ! firmness ) :i* he consol$ ^? :o wept ar\nd him1 & on 8 la/ conv]sation ) ,maximus & ,priscus on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 says1 t aft] su* te/imonies ( a virtue1 to :i* no?+ appe>s to be want+ b ! fai? to give its pr(essor a place among/ ! bless$991 we h cause to wond] t 99 ,accord+ to ?is wise ,*ri/ian philosoph] !re=e1 n only all ! confess$ly wise & virtu\s ,hea!ns t liv$ po/]ior1 b ^? also :o liv$ ant]ior to ! promulgation ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 w h no place h]eaft] among ! bless$4 ix ,cyril %\ld h tri$ to make u believe1 t ,julian 0 a mean & c[>dly pr9ce994 ,^? :o judge ( m5 t liv$ 9 =m] ages by ^? :o h liv$ 9 m rec5t times1 may feel little surprise at ! proce$+s ( ,cyril4 ,x has r>ely happ5$ t long animosity & abuse h n be5 introduc$ into religi\s controv]sies4 ,aft] :at has be5 above said ( ,julian1 ,i deem x necess>y to obs]ve1 t ,fa!r ,petau is egregi\sly mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t ,cyril has pres]v$ ! :ole ( t ,emp]or's argum5ts aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians3 & ! ,m>quis ,d',arg5s is also mi/ak5 :5 he says1 t ! passages ( ,julian's text :i* are 99 ,?is is by no means wond]ful 9 ,cyril1 :5 we consid] t he is1 ) ! /ronge/ reason1 suspect$ ( be+ ! cause ( ! murd] ( ,hypatia1 :o 0 "o ( ! brighte/ ornam5ts ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool1 & :o 0 n only a prodigy ( le>n+1 b also a p>agon ( beauty4 x abridg$ or omitt$1 aire v few4 ,= ,hi]onymus 9 ,epi/4 #hc4 ,ad ,magnum ,oratorem ,romanum1 te/ifies t ?is "w consi/$ ( sev5 books2 ?ree ( :i* only ,cyril attempt$ to confute1 z is evid5t f 8 own words1 --,greek-- ,julian wrote ?ree books aga9/ ! holy ,evangeli/s4 ,b z ,fabricius obs]ves1 79 ,biblio?4 ,graec4 tom4 vii4 p4 #hi47 9 ! o!r f\r books1 he appe>s to h attack$ ! rema9+ books ( ! ,scriptures1 i4 e4 ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ! ?ree books :i* ,cyril has endeav\r$ to confute1 x appe>s to me1 t he has only select$ su* p>ts ( ^! books z he ?\ght he c\ld mo/ easily answ]4 ,= t he has n giv5 ev5 ! sub/ance ( ^! ?ree books1 is evid5t f ! words ( ,julian himself1 z record$ by ,cyril4 ,= ,julian1 aft] c]ta9 invectives bo? aga9/ ,*ri/ & ,john1 says1 ,^! ?+s1 !re=e1 we %all %ortly discuss1 :5 we come p>ticul>ly to consid] xi ! mon/r\s de$s & fraudul5t ma*9ations ( ! ,evangeli/s994 ,!re is no p>ticul> discussion h[ev] ( ^! 9 any "p ( ! extracts pres]v$ by ,cyril4 ,t ! "w1 inde$1 ( ,julian aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians 0 ( consid]able ext5t1 is evid5t f ! te/imony ( 8 contempor>y1 ,libanius2 :o1 9 8 admirable fun]al oration on ?is mo/ extraord9>y man1 has ! foll[+ rem>kable passage3 ,b :5 ! w9t] _h ext5d$ ! nights1 ,julian1 besides _m o!r beautiful works1 attack$ ! books :i* make a man ( ,pale/9e to be a ,god1 & ! son ( ,god2 & 9 a long conte/1 & ) /r5u\s argum5ts1 ev9c$ t :at is said 9 ^! writ+s is ridicul\s & nugatory4 ,& 9 ! execution ( ?is "w he appe>s to h excell$ 9 wisdom ! ,tyrian old man49999 99 --,greek-- 9999 viz4 ,porphyry1 :o 0 ( ,tyre1 & :o1 z is well kn[n1 wrote a "w aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 :i* 0 publicly burnt by ord] ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 xii ,9 ass]t+ ?is h[ev]1 may ! ,tyrian be propiti\s to me1 & b5evol5tly receive :at ,i h said1 he hav+ be5 vanqui%$ by 8 son994 ,) respect to ,celsus1 ! au?or ( ! foll[+ ,fragm5ts1 he liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,adrian4 & 01 if ,orig5 may be cr$it$1 an ,epicurean philosoph]4 ,t he might inde$1 at "s =m] p]iod ( 8 life1 h be5 an ,epicurean maybe admitt$2 b x w\ld be highly absurd to suppose t he 0 s :5 he wrote ?is invective aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians2 = ! argum5ts :i* he mo/ly employs %[ t he 0 well skill$ m ! philosophy ( ,plato3 & to suppose1 z ,orig5 does1 t he avail$ himself ( argum5ts 9 99 --,greek-- xiii :i* he did n believe1 & consequ5tly conceiv$ to be errone\s1 9 ord] to confute doctr9es :i* he 0 p]suad$ are false1 w\ld be to make him1 in/ead ( a philosoph]1 a fool4 ,z to ,orig51 ?\gh he ab&on$ philosophy = ,*ri/ianity1 he 0 consid]$ z het]odox by _m ( ! ,*ri/ian sect4 ,h5ce1 ) "s ( ! ,ca?olics1 8 future salvation became a matt] ( d\bt992 & ?is induc$ ! celebrat$ ,johannes ,picus ,mir&ulanus1 9 ! la/ ( 8 ,!ological conclusions accord+ to 8 own op9ion1 to say3 ,rationabilius e/ cr$]e ,urig9em esse salvum1 quam cr$]e ipsum esse damnatum1 i4 e4 ,x is m reasonable to believe t ,orig5 is sav$1 ?an t he is damn$4 ,i %all conclude ?is ,introduction ) ! foll[+ extract4 99 ',9 ,prato ,spiritual61 c4 #bf1 quod citatur1 a ,,vil ,synodo1 et a ,johanne ,diacono1 lib4 ii4 c4 #de4 vitas ,b4 ,gregorii n>ratur fevelatio1 qua ,orig9es viras e/ 9 ,geh5na ignis cum ,alio et ,netftorio499--,fobric4 ,b,miotk ,grate torn4 v4 p4 #baf xiv ,directions ( ,dr4 ,b>l[1 ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1 to a "y div9e4 ,x w be ( great use = a div9e to be acqua9t$ ) ! arts1 knav]y1 & fraud ( ! ,roman inquisitor1 9 purg+1 correct+1 or r corrupt+ au?ors 9 all arts & faculties4 ,= ?is purpose we may consult ! ,index ,expurgatorius4 ,by consid]+ ?is ,index1 we come to "k ! be/ editions ( _m good books4 #a/4 ,! be/ books2 t is1 ^? t are condemn$4 #bnd4 ,! be/ editions2 viz4 ^? t are dat$ be=e ! ,index1 & consequ5tly n alt]$4 #crd4 ,! ,index is a good common place book1 to po9t out :o has writt5 well aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 p4 #gj4 ,ockam is damn$ 9 ! ,index1 & !re=e we may be sure he 0 guilty ( tell+ "s great tru?1 p4 #da499 99 ,! ,bi%op's rule is z good = "o *ur* z = ano!r1 & e *ur* has its ,index4 ,,! ,,argum5ts ,,( ,,celsus ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,*ri/ians ,illu/ration3 ,celsus ,,! ,*ri/ians are accu/om$ to h private assemblies1 :i* are =bidd5 by ! law4 ,= ( assemblies "s are public1 & ^! are con=mable to ! law ( ! l&2 b o!rs are secret1 & ^! are su* z are ho/ile to ! laws2 among :i* are ! ,love ,fea/s ( ! ,*ri/ians 994 99 ,:y ! ,romans puni%$ ! ,*ri/ians3 ,x is commonly reg>d$ z a v curi\s & rem>kable fact1 t1 al?\gh ! ,romans 7 dispos$ to tol]ate e o!r religi\s sect1 yet !y frequ5tly p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ians ) unrel5t+ cruelty4 ,?is exception1 s fatal to a peaceable & h>mless sect1 mu/ h orig9at$ 9 circum/ances :i* mat]ially di/9-444 #b ,m5 :o irrationally ass5t to any?+1 resemble ^? :o are delight$ ) juggl]s & en*ant]s1 c4 ,= z mo/ ( ^! are deprav$ *>act]s1 :o deceive ! vulg>1 & p]suade !m to ass5t to :atev] !y please1 ?is also takes place ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,"s ( ^! are n will+ ei!r to give or receive a reason = :at !y believe2 b are accu/om$ to say1 ',d n inve/igate1 b believe1 y\r fai? w save y4 444gui%$ !m f ! vot>ies ( e o!r religion4 ,! causes & ! pretexts ( p]secution may h v>i$ at v>i\s p]iods2 b !re seems to h be5 "o g5]al cause :i* w readily be appreh5d$ by ^? :o are intimately acqua9t$ ) ! ,roman jurisprud5ce4 ,f ! mo/ remote p]iod ( _! hi/ory1 ! ,romans _h conceiv$ extreme horror aga9/ all nocturnal meet+s ( a secret & my/]i\s nature4 ,a law prohibit+ nightly vigils 9 a temple has ev5 be5 ascrib$1 p]haps ) little probability1 to ! f\nd] ( _! /ate4 ,! laws ( ! twelve tables decl>$ x a capital (f5ce to att5d nocturnal assemblies 9 ! city4 ,?is1 !n1 be+ ! _s ( ! law1 x is obvi\s t ! nocturnal meet+s ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians mu/ h r5d]$ !m objects ( peculi> suspicion1 & expos$ !m to ! animadv]sion ( ! magi/rate4 ,x 0 dur+ ! night t !y usually held _! mo/ solemn & religi\s assemblies2 = a practice :i* may be suppos$ to h aris5 f _! fe>s1 seems to h be5 cont9u$ f ! op]ation ( o!r causes4 ,misund]/&+ ! purport ( c]ta9 passages ( ,scripture1 !y 7444 #c ',= ! wisdom ( ! _w is bad1 b folly is good991' ,! _w1 accord+ to ,moses1 0 creat$ at a c]ta9 "t1 & has f its comm5cem5t exi/$ = a p]iod f> %ort ( t5 ?\s& ye>s1--,! _w1 h[ev]1 is )\t a beg9n+2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !re h be5 f all et]nity _m conflagrations1 & _m deluges1 among ! latt] ( :i* ! mo/ rec5t is t ( ,deucalion99994 444l$ to imag9e t ! second adv5t1 ( :i* !y liv$ 9 con/ant expectation1 w\ld take place dur+ ! night2 & !y 7 accu/om$ to celebrate nightly vigils at ! tombs ( ! sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 !y incurr$ no p5alties peculi> to ! vot>ies ( a new religion1 b only su* z equally atta*$ to ^? :o1 pr(ess+ ! public religion ( ! /ate1 7 yet guilty ( ?is und\bt$ violation ( its laws4--,obs]vations on ! ,/udy ( ! ,civil ,law1 by ,dr4 ,irv+1 ,ed94 #ahbj4 p4 #aa4 ,x is n true t ! primitive ,*ri/ians held _! assemblies 9 ! night "t to avoid ! int]ruptions ( ! civil p[]3 b ! conv]se ( t proposition is true 9 ! utmo/ latitude2 viz4 t !y met ) mole/ations f t qu>t]1 because _! assemblies 7 nocturnal4--,elem5ts ( ,civil ,law1 by ,dr4 ,taylor1 p4 #egi4 99 ,see ,erasmus's ,praise ( ,folly1 t[>ds ! end4 9999 ,see on ?is subject ! ,t9usus ( ,plato4 #d ,goa!rds & %eph]ds among ! ,jews1 foll[+ ,moses z _! lead]1 & be+ allur$ by ru/ic deceptions1 conceiv$ t !re is only "o ,god4 ,^! goa!rds & %eph]ds 7 ( op9ion t !re is "o ,god1 :e!r !y delight to call him ! ,mo/ ,high1 or ,adonai1 or ,cele/ial1 or ,sabao?1 or to celebrate by any o!r "n ! fabricator ( ?is _w992 = !y knew no?+ f>!r4 ,= x is ( no consequ5ce1 :e!r ! ,god :o is above all ?+s1 is d5om9at$1 aft] ! accu/om$ mann] ( ! ,greeks1 ,jupit]1 or is call$ by any o!r "n1 su* z t :i* is giv5 to him by ! ,indians or ,egyptians4 ,celsus1 assum+ ! p]son ( a ,jew1 repres5ts him z speak+ to ,jesus1 & repreh5d+ him = _m ?+s4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place he reproa*es him ) feign+ t he 0 born ( a virg92 & says1 t to 8 disgrace he 0 born 9 a ,judaic village f a poor ,jewess1 :o obta9$ ! means 99 ,9 ! orig9al !re is no?+ m ?an -------- i4 e4 ?is _w2 b x is necess>y to read1 con=mably to ! above translation1 --------4 ,= ! ,jews did n celebrate ! _w1 b ! ,mak] ( ! _w1 by ^! names4 #e ( subsi/5ce by manual lab\r4 ,he adds1 ,t %e 0 ab&on$ by h] husb&1 :o 0 a c>p5t]1 because %e _h be5 f\nd by him to h committ$ adult]y4 ,h5ce1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ expell$ by h] husb&1 becom+ an ignom9i\s vagabond1 %e 0 secretly deliv]$ ( ,jesus1 :o1 ?r\gh pov]ty be+ oblig$ to s]ve z a hirel+ 9 ,egypt1 le>nt !re c]ta9 arts = :i* ! ,egyptians are fam\s4 ,aft]w>ds1 return+ f !nce1 he ?\ght s highly ( himself1 on acc\nt ( ! possession ( ^! magical arts1 z to proclaim himself to be a ,god4 ,celsus also adds1 ,t ! "m ( ,jesus became pregnant ) him ?r\gh a soldi]1 ^: "n 0 ,pan!ra994 ,0 !re=e ! "m ( ,jesus beautiful1 & 0 ,god connect$ ) h] on acc\nt ( h] beauty1 ?\gh he is n adapt$ to be 9 love ) a corruptible body8 ,or is x n absurd to suppose t ,god w\ld be enam\r$ ( a woman :o 0 nei!r =tunate nor ( royal extraction1 nor ev5 sc>cely kn[n to h] neighb\rs2 & :o 0 also hat$ & eject$ by ! c>p5t] h] 99 ,! same ?+ is said ( ,jesus 9 a "w call$ ,! ,gospel accord+ to ! ,jews1 or ,toldo? ,jesu4 ,see ,*ap4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ( t "w4 #f husb&1 s z nei!r to be sav$ by h] own cr$ulity nor by div9e p[]8 ,^! ?+s1 !re=e1 d n at all p]ta9 to ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,celsus1 aga9 p]sonify+ a ,jew1 says to ,*ri/1 ,:5 y 7 wa%$ by ,john1 y say t ! spectre ( a bird flew to y f ! air4 ,b :at witness wor?y ( belief saw ?is spectre8 ,or :o he>d a voice f heav51 adopt+ y = a son ( ,god1 except y\rself1 & "s "o ( y\r associates1 :o 0 equally a p>tak] ( y\r wick$ness & puni%m5t8 ,jesus hav+ collect$ z 8 associates t5 or elev5 infam\s m51 consi/+ ( ! mo/ wick$ publicans & sailors1 fl$ into diff]5t places1 obta9+ food ) difficulty1 & 9 a disgraceful mann]4 ,aga91 9 ! p]son ( a ,jew1 ,celsus says to ,*ri/1 ,:at occasion 0 !re1 :ile y 7 yet an infant1 t y %\ld be br\ght to ,egypt1 9 ord] t y might n be sla98 ,= x 0 n fit t a ,god %\ld be afraid ( dea?4 ,b an angel came f heav51 ord]+ y & y\r associates to fly1 le/ be+ tak5 y %\ld be put to dea?4 ,= ! great ,god x seems c\ld n #g pres]ve y1 8 own son1 m y\r own c\ntry1 b s5t two angels on y\r acc\nt4 ,! same ,jew 9 ,celsus also adds1 ,?\gh we d n believe 9 ! anci5t fables1 :i* ascribe a div9e orig9 to ,p]seus1 ,amphion1 ,a,eacus1 & ,m9os1 yet at ! same "t _! de$s are demon/rat$ to be mighty & admirable1 & truly sup]human1 9 ord] t :at is n>rat$ ( _! orig9 may n appe> to be improbable4 ,b 7speak-+ to ,jesus7 he says1 ,:at beautiful or admirable ?+ h y said or done1 ?\gh y 0 7sp7 call$ ^u 9 ! temple to give "s manife/ sign t y 7 ! son ( ,god8 ,celsus1 pret5d+ n to disbelieve 9 ! miracles ascrib$ to ,*ri/1 says to him1 ,let u grant t ^! ?+s 7 p]=m$ by y2 b !y are common ) ! works ( en*ant]s1 :o promise to effect m wond]ful de$s ?an ^!1 & also ) :at ^? :o h be5 taught by ! ,egyptians to p]=m 9 ! middle ( ! =um = a few oboli2 su* z expell+ daemons f m51 dissipat+ diseases by a puff1 evocat+ ! s\ls ( h]oes1 exhibit+ sumptu\s supp]s1 & tables cov]$ ) food1 :i* h no reality4 ,^! magicians also repres5t animals z mov+1 :i* are n 9 reality animals1 b m]ely appe> #h to ! imag9ation to be su*4--,is x fit1 !re=e t we %\ld believe ^! m5 to be ! sons ( ,god1 because !y work$ ^! wond]s8 ,or ought we n r to say1 t ^! are ! arts ( deprav$ & unhappy m56 ,aga9 ! ,jew says1 ,x is b rec5tly1 & z x 7 ye/]day1 s9ce we puni%$ ,*ri/2 & y1 :o are 9 no respect sup]ior to keep]s ( ox51 h ab&on$ ! laws ( y\r ance/ors & c\ntry4 ,:y likewise d y beg9 f our sacr$ in/itutions1 b aft]w>ds 9 ! progress ( y\r iniquity despise !m8 ,= y h no o!r orig9 ( y\r dogma1 ?an our law4 ,_m4 o!r su* p]sons also z ,jesus 01 may be se5 by ^? :o wi% to be deceiv$4 ,h[ too is x probable t we1 :o h decl>$ to all m5 t a p]son w\ld be s5t by ,god z a puni%] ( ! unju/1 %\ld treat him ignom9i\sly1 if su* a p]son _h appe>$ among u8 ,aga93 ,h[ c we ?9k him to be a ,god1 :o1 t ,i may omit o!r ?+s1 p]=m$1 z we le>n1 no?+ t 0 promis$8 ,& :51 be+ condemn$ by u1 he 0 ?\ght wor?y ( puni%m5t1 hav+ conceal$ himself & fl$1 0 mo/ disgracefully made a prison]2 be+ betray$ by ^? :om he call$ 8 disciples8 ,if1 h[ev]1 he 0 a ,god1 x 0 n prop] t he %\ld ei!r fly1 or be l$ #i away captive4 ,& mu* less 0 x fit1 t1 be+ consid]$ z a savi\r & ! son ( ! greate/ ,god1 &2 also ! mess5g] ( ?is ,god1 by 8 famili>s & private associates1 he %\ld be des]t$ & betray$ by !m4 ,b :at excell5t g5]al1 :o 0 ! lead] ( _m myriads ( m51 0 ev] betray$ by 8 soldi]s8 ,inde$1 ?is has n happ5$ ev5 to ! *ief ( a b& ( robb]s1 ?\gh a man deprav$1 & ! capta9 ( m5 /ill m deprav$ ?an himself1 :5 to 8 associates he appe>$ to be useful4 ,b ,*ri/1 :o 0 betray$ by ^? ( :om he 0 ! lead]1 ?\gh n z a good comm&]1 nor 9 su* a way z robb]s w\ld behave to _! capta91 c\ld n obta9 ! b5evol5ce ( 8 delud$ foll[]s4--,_m o!r ?+s also1 & su* z are true1 respect+ ,jesus might be adduc$1 ?\gh !y are n committ$ to writ+ by 8 disciples2 b ^! ,i will+ly omit4 ,8 disciples also falsely pret5d$1 t he =eknew & =etold e ?+ t happ5$ to him4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus1 n be+ able to adduce any ?+ respect+ him t 0 obvi\sly manife/1 falsely ass]t t he =eknew all ?+s2 & h writt5 o!r ?+s ( a simil> k9d respect+ lum4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is j ! same z if "s "o %\ld ass]t t a c]ta9 p]son is a j #aj man1 & not)/&+ ?is %\ld %[ t he act$ unju/ly2 t he is a pi\s man1 & yet a murd]]2 &1 ?\gh immortal1 di$2 at ! same "t add+ to all ^! ass]tions1 t he _h a =ekn[l$ge ( all ?+s4 ,^! ?+s ,jesus said aft] he _h previ\sly decl>$ t he 0 ,god1 & x 0 entirely necess>y t :at he _h pr$ict$ %\ld take place4 ,he !re=e1 ?\gh a ,god1 induc$ 8 disciples & prophets1 ) :om he ate & drank1 to become impi\s4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 requisite t he %\ld h be5 b5eficial to all m51 & p>ticul>ly to 8 associates4 ,no "o likewise w\ld ?9k ( betray+ ! man1 ( ^: table he _h be5 a p>tak]4 ,b "h ! associate ( ! table ( ,god became trea*]\s to him2 ,god himself1 :i* is /ill m absurd1 mak+ ^? :o _h be5 hospitably ent]ta9$ by him to be 8 impi\s betray]s4 ,! ,jew 9 ,celsus also says1 t ,:at is ass]t$ by ! ,jewi% prophets may be mu* m probably adapt$ to t5 ?\s& o!r p]sons ?an to ,jesus4 ,besides1 ! prophets say1 t he :o 0 to come w\ld be a great & p[]ful k+1 & w\ld be ! "l ( ! :ole e>?1 & ( all nations & armies3 b no "o w\ld #aa inf] f su* l symbols & rum\rs1 & f su* ignoble argum5ts1 t ,*ri/ is ! son ( ,god4 ,z ! sun1 :i* illum9ates all o!r ?+s1 fir/ %[s himself to be ! cause ( light1 ?us also x is fit t ?is %\ld h be5 done by ! son ( ,god994 ,b ! ,*ri/ians argue sophi/ically1 :5 !y say t ! son ( ,god is ! ^w itself4 ,& ! accusation is /r5g!n$ by ?is1 t ! ^w :i* 0 ann\nc$ by ! ,*ri/ians to be ! son ( ,god1 0 n a pure & holy ^w1 b a man :o 0 mo/ disgracefully puni%$ & put to dea?4 ,:at illu/ri\s de$ did ,jesus accompli% wor?y ( a ,god1 :o beholds f on high ) contempt ! trifl+ pursuits ( m51 & d]ides & consid]s z sport t]re/rial ev5ts8 ,:y too did n ,jesus1 if n be=e1 yet n[ at lea/1 i4 e4 :5 he 0 br\ght be=e ,pilate1 exhibit "s div9e indication respect+ himself2 lib]ate himself f ?is ignom9y1 & puni% ^? 99 ,celsus means t ,*ri/ %\ld h giv5 indubitable evid5ce1 by 8 say+s1 8 de$s1 & by all t happ5$ to him1 t he 0 ! son ( ,god4 #ab :o _h insult$ bo? him & 8 fa!r8 ,:at k9d ( i*o] also or blood dropp$ f 8 crucifi$ body8 0 x144444su* z f ! ble/ immortals fl[s899 ,! ,jew 9 ,celsus fur!r adds3 ,d y reproa* u ) ?is1 ,o mo/ fai?ful m51 t we d n conceive ,*ri/ to be ,god1 & t we d n accord ) y 9 believ+ t he suff]$ ^! ?+s = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 9 ord] t we also might despise puni%m5t8 ,nei!r did he p]suade any "o :ile he liv$1 n ev5 8 own disciples1 t he %\ld be puni%$1 & suff] z he did3 nor did he exhibit himself ?\gh a ,god z "o lib]at$ f all evils4 ,c]ta9ly y ,*ri/ians w n say1 t ,*ri/1 :5 he f\nd t he c\ld n induce ! inhabitants on ! surface ( ! e>? to believe 9 8 doctr9es1 desc5d$ to ! inf]nal regions1 9 ord] t he might p]suade ^? t dwelt !re4 ,b if inv5t+ absurd apologies by :i* y are ridicul\sly deceiv$1 :at %\ld h9d] o!rs also1 :o h p]i%$ mis]ably1 f be+ rank$ among angels ( a m div9e ord]8 99 ,see ,iliad1 ,v1 v]4 ,s#dj4 #ac ,! ,jew 9 ,celsus fur!r obs]ves1 on comp>+ ,*ri/ ) robb]s1 ,"s might 9 a simil> mann] unblu%+ly say ( a robb] & a homicide1 :o 0 puni%$ = 8 crimes1 t he 0 n a robb] b a ,god2 = he pr$ict$ to 8 associates t he %\ld suff] :at he did suff]4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus1 liv+ ) him1 he>+ 8 voice1 & embrac+ 8 doctr9es1 :5 !y saw t he 0 puni%$ & put to dea?1 nei!r di$ ) nor = him1 nor c\ld be p]suad$ to despise puni%m5t2 b d5i$ t !y 7 8 disciples4 ,:y1 !re=e1 d n y ,*ri/ians volunt>ily die ) y\r ma/]8 ,! ,jew 9 ,celsus also says1 t ,jesus made conv]ts ( t5 sailors1 & mo/ ab&on$ publicans2 b did n ev5 p]suade all ^! to embrace 8 doctr9es4 ,is x n also absurd 9 ! extreme1 t s _m %\ld believe 9 ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ n[ he is dead1 ?\gh he 0 n able to p]suade any "o g5u9ely :ile he 0 liv+8 ,b ! ,*ri/ians w say1 ,we believe ,jesus to be ! son ( ,god1 because he cur$ ! lame & ! bl9d1 &1 z y ass]t1 rais$ ! dead4 #ad ,o light & tru?1 :i* cle>ly proclaims 9 its own words1 z y write1 t o!r m51 & ^! deprav$ & en*ant]s1 w come among y1 possess+ simil> miracul\s p[]s6 ,*ri/ also feigns t a c]ta9 be+1 :om he d5om9ates ,satan1 w be ! s\rce ( ^! nef>i\s *>act]s3 s t ,*ri/ himself does n d5y t ^! arts possess no?+ div9e1 & ackn[l$ges t !y are ! works ( deprav$ m54 ,at ! same "t likewise1 be+ compell$ by tru?1 he discloses bo? ! arts ( o!rs & 8 own4 ,is x n1 !re=e1 a mis]able ?+1 to consid]1 f ! p]=mance ( ! same de$s1 ?is man to be a ,god1 b o!rs to be no?+ m ?an en*ant]s8 ,= :y1 employ+ 8 te/imony1 %\ld we r ?9k ^? o!r work]s ( miracles to be m deprav$ ?an himself8 ,inde$ ,*ri/ confesses t ^! arts are n indications ( a div9e nature1 b ( c]ta9 impo/ors1 & p]fectly wick$ *>act]s4 ,aft] ?is1 ! ,jew 9 ,celsus says to 8 fell[-citiz5s :o believ$ 9 ,jesus1 z foll[s3 ,let u grant y t ,jesus pr$ict$ 8 resurrection3 b h[ _m o!rs h employ$ su*-l prodigies1 9 ord] by a fabul\s n>ration to effect :at !y wi%$2 p]suad+ /upid auditors to believe 9 ^! miracles8 ,zamolxis among ! #ae ,scy?ians1 :o 0 a slave ( ,py?agoras1 us$ ?is artifice2 ,py?agoras also himself1 9 ,italy2 & 9 ,egypt1 ,rhamps9itus4 ,= x is relat$ ( ! latt] t he play$ at dice ) ,c]es 9 ,hades1 & t he br\ght back ) him z a gift f h] a gold5 t[el4 ,simil> artifices 7 likewise employ$ by ,orpheus among ! ,odryssians2 by ,protesilaus among ! ,!ssalians2 & by ,h]cules & ,!seus 9 ,ta5>us4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is to be consid]$1--:e!r any "o :o 9 reality di$1 ev] rose aga9 9 ! same body3 unless y ?9k t ! n>rations ( o!rs are fables1b t y\r cata/rophe ( ! drama w be f\nd to be ei!r elegant or probable1 respect+ :at 0 said by him :o expir$ on ! cross1 & ! e>?quake1 & ! d>kness1 :i* !n accord+ to y ensu$4 ,to :i* may be add$1 t he :o :5 liv+ c\ld n help himself1 arose1 z y say1 aft] he 0 dead1 & exhibit$ ! m>ks ( 8 puni%m5t1 & 8 h&s :i* _h be5 p]=at$ on ! cross4 ,b :o 0 x t saw ?is8 ,a furi\s woman1 z y ackn[l$ge1 or "s o!r ( ! same magical sect2 or "o :o 0 "u ! delusion ( dreams1 & :o volunt>ily subject$ himself to fallaci\s phantasms1--a ?+ :i* happ5s to myriads ( ! human race4 ,or1 :i* is m probable1 ^? :o pret5d$ to see ?is 7 su* z wi%$ to a/oni% o!rs by #af ?is prodigy1 &1 ?r\gh a false n>ration ( ?is k9d1 to give assi/ance to ! frauds ( o!r impo/ors4 ,is x to be believ$ t ,*ri/1 :5 he 0 alive1 op5ly ann\nc$ to all m5 :at he 02 b :5 x became requisite t he %\ld procure a /rong belief ( 8 resurrection f ! dead1 he %\ld only %[ himself secretly to "o woman & to 8 associates8 ,if also ,*ri/ wi%$ to be conceal$1 :y 0 a voice he>d f heav51 proclaim+ him to be ! son ( ,god8 ,or1 if he did n wi% to be conceal$1 :y did he suff] puni%m5t1 & :y did1 he ignom9i\sly die8 ,! ,jew 9 ,celsus likewise adds1 ,^! ?+s !re=e we h adduc$ to y f y\r own writ+s1 ?an :i* we h employ$ no o!r te/imony1 = y y\rselves are by !m confut$4 ,besides1 :at ,god t ev] appe>$ to m51 did n procure belief t he 0 a ,god1 p>ticul>ly :5 he appe>$ to ^? :o expect$ 8 adv5t8 ,or :y 0 he n ackn[l$g$ by ^?1 by :om he _h be5 = a long "t expect$8 ,we c]ta9ly hope = a resurrection 9 ! body1 & t we %all h et]nal life4 ,we #ag also believe t ! p>adigm & prim>y lead] ( ?is1 w be he :o is to be s5t to u2 & :o w %[ t x is n impossible = ,god to raise any "o ) 8 body t he pleases4 ,aft] ?is1 ,celsus 9 8 own p]son says1 ,! ,*ri/ians & ,jews mo/ /upidly cont5d ) ea* o!r1 & ?is controv]sy ( !irs ab\t ,*ri/ diff]s 9 no?+ f ! prov]b ab\t ! cont5tion = ! %ad[ ( an ass994 ,!re is also no?+ v5]able 9 ! inve/igation ( ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians ) ea* o!r2 bo? ( !m believ+ t !re 0 a c]ta9 prophecy f a div9e _s1 t a savi\r ( ! human race w\ld appe> on ! e>?1 b disagree+ 9 _! op9ion :e!r he :o 0 pr$ict$ _h appe>$ or n4 ,! ,jews orig9at+ f ! ,egyptians des]t$ ,egypt ?r\gh s$ition1 at ! same "t despis+ ! religion ( ! ,egyptians4 ,h5ce ! 99 ,?is prov]b is m5tion$ by ,apuleius at ! end ( ! ,n9? ,book ( 8 ,metamorphosis4 ,!re is also ano!r ,greek prov]b m5tion$ by ,m5&]1 ,plato1 & _m o!rs1 --------1 conc]n+ ! %ad[ ( an ass1 :i* is said ( ^? :o are anxi\s to "k ?+s futile1 frivol\s1 & entirely useless4 ,^! two prov]bs ,apuleius has m]g$ into "o4 #ah same ?+ happ5$ to ! ,*ri/ians aft]w>ds1 :o ab&on$ ! religion ( ! ,jews1 z to ! ,jews :o revolt$ f ! ,egyptians2 = ! cause to bo? ( _! innovation 0 a s$iti\s opposition to ! common99 & e/abli%$ rites ( _! c\ntry4 ,! ,*ri/ians at fir/1 :5 !y 7 few1 _h b "o op9ion2 b :5 !y became scatt]$ ?r\gh _! multitude1 !y 7 aga9 & aga9 divid$ into sects1 & ea* sect wi%$ to h an e/abli%m5t ( its own4 ,= ?is 0 :at !y desir$ to effect f ! beg9n+4 ,b aft] !y 7 widely disp]s$ "o sect oppos$ ! o!r1 nor did any ?+ rema9 common to !m except ! "n ( ,*ri/ians2 & ev5 ?is !y 7 at ! same "t a%am$ to leave z a common appellation3 b z to o!r ?+s1 !y 7 ! ord9ances ( m5 ( a diff]5t p]suasion4 ,:at h[ev] is /ill m wond]ful is ?is1 t _! doctr9e may be easily confut$1 z consi/+ ( no hypo!sis wor?y ( belief4 ,b _! 99 ,9 ! orig9al --------1 b x is necess>y to read1 con=mably to ! above translation1 -------- #ai diss5sion among !mselves1 ! advantage !y d]ive f x1 & _! dread ( ^? :o are n ( _! belief1 give /ability to _! fai?4 ,! ,*ri/ians ridicule ! ,egyptians1 ?\gh !y indicat$ _m & by no means contemptible ?+s ?r\gh enigmas1 :5 !y taught t hon\rs %\ld be paid to et]nal ideas1 & n1 z x appe>s to ! vulg>1 to diurnal animals994 ,celsus adds1 t ,! ,*ri/ians /upidly introduce no?+ m v5]able ?an ! goats & dogs ( ! ,egyptians 9 _! n>rations respect+ ,jesus4 ,:at is said by a few :o are consid]$ z ,*ri/ians1 conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ,jesus & ! precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 is n design$ = ! wis]1 b = ! m unle>n$ & ignorant "p ( mank9d4 ,= ! foll[+ are _! precepts3 ',let no "o :o is erudite acc$e to u1 no "o :o is wise1 no "o :o is prud5t 7= ^! ?+s are ?\ght by u to be evil72 b let any "o :o is unle>n$1 :o is /upid1 :o is an infant 9 und]/&+ boldly come to u4' ,= ! ,*ri/ians op5ly ackn[l$ge t su* z ^! are wor?y 99 ,see on ?is subject ! ,treatise ( ,plut>* respect+ ,isis & ,osiris4 #bj to be notic$ by _! ,god2 manife/+ by ?is1 t !y alone wi% & are able to p]suade ! ignoble1 ! ins5sate1 slaves1 /upid wom51 & little *ildr5 & fools4 ,we may see 9 ! =um infam\s *>act]s & juggl]s99 collect$ toge!r1 :o d>e n %[ _! tricks to intellig5t m52 b :5 !y p]ceive a lad1 & a cr[d ( slaves & /upid m51 !y endeav\r to +ratiate !mselves ) su* *>act]s z ^!4 ,we also may see 9 _! own h\ses1 wool-weav]s1 %oemak]s1 full]s1 & ! mo/ illit]ate & ru/ic m51 :o d>e n say any ?+ 9 ! pres5ce ( m eld]ly & wis] fa!rs ( families2 b :5 !y meet ) *ildr5 ap>t f _! p>5ts1 & c]ta9 /upid wom5 ) !m1 !n !y discuss some?+ ( a wond]ful nature2 su* z t x is n prop] to pay att5tion to p>5ts & preceptors1 b t !y %\ld be p]suad$ by !m4 ,=1 say !y1 y\r p>5ts & preceptors are deliri\s & /upid1 & nei!r "k :at is truly good1 nor are able to effect x1 be+ prepossess$ ) trifles ( an unusual nature4 ,!y 99 ,celsus1 z we are in=m$ by ,orig51 comp>es ! ,*ri/ians ) m5 ( ?is description4 #ba add1 t !y alone "k h[ x is prop] to live1 & t if *ildr5 are p]suad$ by !m1 !y w be bless$1 & also ! family to :i* !y belong4 ,at ! same "t likewise t !y say ?is1 if !y see any "o ( ! wis] tea*]s ( erudition approa*+1 or ! fa!r ( ! *ild to :om !y are speak+1 su* ( !m z are m cauti\s def] _! discussion to ano!r "t2 b ^? t are m audaci\s1 urge ! *ildr5 to %ake (f ! re9s ( p>5tal au?ority1 :isp]+ to !m1 t :5 _! fa!rs & preceptors are pres5t1 !y nei!r wi% nor are able to unfold to *ildr5 :at is good1 z !y are det]r$ by ! folly & ru/icity ( ^! m51 :o are entirely corrupt$1 are excessively deprav$1 & w\ld puni% !m _! true admoni%]s4 ,!y fur!r add1 t if !y wi% to be in/ruct$ by !m1 x is requisite t !y %\ld leave _! p>5ts & preceptors1 & g ) wom5 & little *ildr51 :o are _! playfell[s1 to ! conclave ( wom51 or to ! %oemak]'s or full]'s %op1 t !y may obta9 p]fection by embrac+ _! doctr9es4 ,t ,i d n h[ev] accuse ! ,*ri/ians m bitt]ly ?an tru? compels1 may be conjectur$ f h5ce1 t ! cri]s :o call m5 to o!r my/]ies proclaim z foll[s3 ',let him approa*1 #bb ^: h&s are pure1 & ^: words are wise4' ,& aga91 o!rs proclaim3 ',let him approa*1 :o is pure f all wick$ness1 ^: s\l is n consci\s ( any evil1 & :o leads a j & upright life4' ,& ^! ?+s are proclaim$ by ^? :o promise a purification f error4 ,let u n[ he> :o ^? are t are call$ to ! ,*ri/ian my/]ies4 ',:oev] is a s9n]1 :oev] is unwise1 :oev] is a fool1 & :oev]1 9 %ort1 is mis]able1 him ! k+dom ( ,god w receive4' ,d y n !re=e call a s9n]1 an unju/ man1 a ?ief1 a h\sebreak]1 a wiz>d1 "o :o is sacrilegi\s1 & a robb] ( sepul*res8 ,:at o!r p]sons w\ld ! cri] nom9ate1 :o %\ld call robb]s toge!r8 ,god1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ians1 desc5d$ to m52 &1 z consequ5t to ?is1 x 0 fanci$ t he _h left 8 own prop] abode4 ,god1 h[ev]1 be+ unkn[n among m5 z ! ,*ri/ians say1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is appe>+ to be 9 a condition inf]ior to t ( a div9e be+1 0 n will+ to be kn[n1 & !re=e made trial ( ^? :o believ$ & ( ^? :o did n believe 9 him2 j z m5 :o h become rec5tly ri*1 call on ,god z a witness ( _! abundant & entirely mortal ambition4 #bc ,! ,*ri/ians h ass]t$ no?+ p>adoxical or new conc]n+ a deluge or a conflagration1 b h p]v]t$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,greeks & b>b>ians1 t 9 long p]iods ( "t1 & recursions & concursions ( ! />s1 conflagrations & deluges take place2 & also t aft] ! la/ deluge1 :i* 0 t ( ,deucalion1 ! p]iod requir$1 con=mably to ! mutation ( :oles1 a conflagration994 ,?is ! ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 h p]v]t$ by repres5t+ ,god z desc5d+ ) fire z a spy4 ,aga91 we w repeat & confirm by _m argum5ts1 an ass]tion :i* has no?+ 9 x novel1 b 0 =m]ly univ]sally ackn[l$g$4 ,god is good1 is beautiful & bless$1 & 8 v nature consi/s 9 t :i* is mo/ beautiful & ! be/4 ,if !re=e he desc5d$ to m51 8 nature mu/ necess>ily be *ang$4 ,b ! *ange mu/ be f good to evil1 & f ! beautiful to ! base1 f felicity to infelicity1 & f t :i* is mo/ excell5t to t :i* is mo/ wor?less4 ,:o1 h[ev]1 w\ld *oose to be ?us *ang$8 ,besides1 to be *ang$ & trans=m$ p]ta9s to t :i* is naturally mortal2 b an inv>iable 99 ,see ,taylor's translation ( ,proclus on ! ,timaeus ( ,plato1 ,book ,i4 #bd sam5ess ( subsi/5ce is ! pr]ogative ( an immortal nature4 ,h5ce ,god c\ld nev] receive a mutation ( ?is k9d994 ,ei!r ,god is 9 reality *ang$1 z ! ,*ri/ians say1 into a mortal body1--& we h be=e %[n t ?is is impossible2 or he himself is n *ang$1 b he causes ^? :o behold him to ?9k t he is1 & ?us falsifies himself1 & involves o!rs 9 error4 ,deception1 h[ev]1 & falsehood are inde$ o!rwise evil1 & c only be prop]ly employ$ by any "o z a m$ic9e1 ei!r 9 cur+ fri5ds t are diseas$ or h "s vici\s prop5sity1 or ^? t are insane1 or = ! purpose ( avoid+ dang] f enemies4 ,b no "o :o has vici\s prop5sities1 or is insane1 is de> to ,div9ity4 ,nor does ,god fe> any "o1 9 ord] t by w&]+ he may escape dang]99994 99 ,see a mo/ admirable def5ce ( ! immutability ( ,div9ity1 by ,proclus1 9 ,taylor's ,introduction to ! ,second & ,?ird ,books ( ,plato's ,republic1 9 vol4 i4 ( 8 translation ( ,plato's ,works4 ,see also ,taylor's note at ! end ( vol4 iii4 ( 8 translation ( ,pausanias1 p4 #bce4 9999 ,! orig9al ( ?is s5t5ce is1 -------- ! latt] "p ( :i*1 --------1 is ?us1 errone\sly translat$ by ,sp5c]1 ut impo/ure opus habeat ad evad5dum p]iculum4 #be ,! ,*ri/ians1 add+ to ! ass]tions ( ! ,jews1 say t ! son ( ,god came on acc\nt ( ! s9s ( ! ,jews2 & t ! ,jews1 puni%+ ,jesus & caus+ him to dr9k gall1 rais$ ! bile ( ,god aga9/ !m4 ,celsus aft] ?is1 9 8 usual way d]id+ bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 comp>es all ( !m to a multitude ( bats1 or to ants com+ out ( _! holes1 or to frogs seat$ ab\t a m>%1 or to e>?worms t assemble 9 a corn] ( "s muddy place1 & cont5d ) ea* o!r :i* ( !m are mo/ noxi\s4 ,he likewise repres5ts !m z say+1 ,god has manife/$ & pr$ict$ all ?+s to u2 & des]t+ ! :ole _w & ! cele/ial circulation1 & likewise pay+ no att5tion to ! widely-ext5d$ e>?1 he reg>ds our conc]ns alone1 to u alone s5ds mess5g]s1 & he w nev] cease to explore by :at means we may always associate ) him4 ,he likewise resembles u to e>?worms ackn[l$g+ t ,god exi/s2 & he says t we e>?worms1 i4 e4 ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 be+ produc$ by ,god aft] him1 are entirely simil> to him4 ,all ?+s too are subject to u1 e>? & wat]1 ! air & ! />s1 & are orda9$ to be subs]vi5t to u994 ,aft]w>ds 99 ,?is rem9ds me ( ! foll[+ beautiful l9es 9444 #bf ^! e>?worms add3 ,n[ because "s ( u h s9n$1 ,god w come1 or he w s5d 8 son1 9 ord] t he may burn ! unju/1 & t ^? :o are n s may live et]nally ) him4 ,& ,celsus concludes ) obs]v+ t su* ass]tions w\ld be m tol]able if !y 7 made by e>?worms or frogs1 ?an by ,jews or ,*ri/ians cont5d+ ) ea* o!r4 ,celsus1 aft] hav+ adduc$1 f ! writ+s ( ! hea!ns1 in/ances ( ^? :o cont5d$ = ! antiquity ( _! race1 su* z ! ,a!nians1 ,egyptians1 ,arcadians1 & ,phrygians1 & also ( ^? :o h ass]t$ t "s among !m 7 aborig9es1 says1 t ! ,jews be+ conceal$ 9 a corn] ( ,pale/9e1 m5 p]fectly 9-erudite1 & :o nev] _h previ\sly he>d ! same ?+s celebrat$ by ,hesiod & innum]able 444,epi/le ,i4 ( ,pope's ,essay on ,man1 9 :i* ,pride is repres5t$ z say+3 ,= me k9d nature wakes h] g5ial p[]1 ,suckles ea* h]b1 & spreads out e fl[]2 ,annual = me ! grape1 ! rose1 r5ew ,! juice nect>i\s & ! balmy dew4 ,= me ! m9e a ?\s& treasures br+s3 ,= me heal? gu%es f a ?\s& spr+s2 ,seas roll to waft me1 suns to light me rise1 ,my foot/ool e>?1 my canopy ! skies4 #bg o!r div9e m51 compos$ a mo/ incr$ible & inelegant n>ration1 t a c]ta9 man 0 fa%ion$ by ! h&s ( ,god1 & inspir$ by him ) ! brea? ( life2 t a woman 0 tak5 f ! side ( ! man2 t precepts 7 giv5 to !m by ,god2 & t a s]p5t 0 adv]se to ^! precepts4 ,la/ly1 !y make ! s]p5t to fru/rate ! comm&s ( ,god3 9 all ?is1 n>rat+ a c]ta9 fable wor?y only ( be+ told by old wom51 & :i* mo/ impi\sly makes ,god to be f ! fir/ imbecile1 & incapable ( p]suad+ "o man fa%ion$ by himself to act 9 a way con=mable to 8 w4 ,! ,*ri/ians are mo/ impi\sly deceiv$ & involv$ 9 error1 ?r\gh ! greate/ ignorance ( ! mean+ ( div9e enigmas4 ,= !y make a c]ta9 be+ :om !y call ! ,devil1 & :o 9 ! ,hebrew tongue is d5om9at$ ,satan1 ho/ile to ,god4 ,x is !re=e p]fectly /upid & unholy to ass]t t ! greate/ ,god1 wi%+ to b5efit mank9d1 0 incapable ( accompli%+ :at he wi%$1 ?r\gh hav+ "o t oppos$ him1 & act$ contr>y to 8 w4 ,! son ( ,god1 !re=e1 0 vanqui%$ by ! devil2 & be+ puni%$ by him1 tea*es u also to despise ! puni%m5ts inflict$ by him2 ,*ri/ at ! same "t pr$ict+ t ,satan w\ld appe> on #bh ! e>?1 &1 l himself1 w\ld exhibit great & admirable works1 usurp+ to himself ! glory ( ,god4 ,! son ( ,god also adds1 t x is n fit to pay att5tion to ,satan1 because he is a s$uc]1 b t himself alone is wor?y ( belief4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is evid5tly ! language ( a man :o is an impo/or e>ne/ly endeav\r+ to prev5t1 & previ\sly gu>d+ himself aga9/1 ! attempts ( ^? :o ?9k diff]5tly f & oppose him4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ians1 ! son ( ,god is puni%$ by ! devil1 :o also puni%es u 9 ord] t ?r\gh ?is we may be ex]cis$ 9 endurance4 ,^! ass]tions1 h[ev]1 are p]fectly ridicul\s4 ,= x is fit1 ,i ?9k1 t ! devil %\ld be puni%$1 & n t m5 %\ld be ?reat5$ ) puni%m5t :o are calumniat$ by him4 ,fur!r /ill3 ,if ,god1 l ,jupit] 9 ! com$y1 be+ r\s$ f a long sleep1 wi%$ to lib]ate ! human race f evils1 :y did he s5d only into a corn] ( ! e>? ?is _s ( :om y boa/8 ?\gh he ought 9 a simil> mann] to h animat$ _m o!r bodies1 & to h s5t !m to e "p ( ! habitable globe4 ,! comic poet inde$1 9 ord] to excite ! laught] ( ! audi5ce 9 ! !atre1 says t ,jupit]1 aft] he 0 r\s$ f 8 sleep1 s5t ,m]cury to ! ,a!nians & ,lac$aemonsians3--b d n #bi y ?9k t x is a mu* m ridicul\s fiction to ass]t t ,god s5t 8 son to ! ,jews8 ,_m--& ^!1 m5 ^: names are n kn[n1--bo? 9 temples & out ( temples1 & "s also assembl+ 9 cities or armies1 are easily excit$ f any casual cause1 z if !y possess$ a prophetic p[]4 ,ea* ( ^! likewise is readily accu/om$ to say1 ',i am ,god1 or ! son ( ,god1 or a div9e _s4 ,b ,i came because ! _w w soon be de/roy$1 & y1 ,o m56 on acc\nt ( y\r iniquities w p]i%4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 to save y1 & y %all aga9 see me1 return+ ) a cele/ial army4 ,bless$ is he :o n[ wor%ips me2 b ,i w ca/ all ^? :o d n1 into et]nal fire1 toge!r ) ! cities & regions to :i* !y belong4 ,^? m5 also t d n n[ "k ! puni%m5ts :i* are res]v$ = !m1 %all aft]w>ds rep5t & lam5t 9 va93 b ^? :o believe 9 me ,i w = ev] save4' ,ext5d+ to ! multitude ^! insane & p]fectly obscure ass]tions1 ! mean+ ( :i* no intellig5t man is able to discov]1--= !y are un9telligible & a m]e no?+1--!y af=d an occasion to ! /upid & to juggl]s ( giv+ to !m :atev] int]pretation !y please4 ,aga91 !y d n consid]1 if ! prophets ( #cj ! ,god ( ! ,jews _h pr$ict$ t ?is w\ld be 8 son1 :y did ?is ,god legislatively orda9 ?r\gh ,moses1 t ! ,jews %\ld enri* !mselves & acquire p[]2 %\ld fill ! e>? ) _! prog5y2 & %\ld slay & cut (f ! :ole race ( _! enemies1 :i* ,moses did1 z he says1 9 ! sight ( ! ,jews2 & besides ?is1 ?reat5+ t unless !y 7 ob$i5t to ^! 8 comm&s1 he %\ld consid] !m z 8 enemies2--:y1 aft] ^! ?+s _h be5 promulgat$ by ,god1 did 8 son1 a ,naz>ean man1 exclude f any access to 8 fa!r1 ! ri* & p[]ful1 ! wise & r5[n$8 ,= he says t we ought to pay no m att5tion ?an rav5s d1 to food & ! necess>ies ( life991 & t we %\ld be less conc]n$ ab\t our clo?+ ?an ! lilies ( ! field4 ,aga91 he ass]ts1 t to him :o smites u on "o *eek we %\ld likewise turn ! o!r99994 ,:e!r1 !re=e1 does ,moses or ,jesus lie8 ,or1 0 ! ,fa!r :o s5t ,jesus =getful ( :at he _h =m]ly said to ,moses8 ,or1 condemn+ 8 own laws1 did he alt] 8 op9ion1 & s5d a mess5g] to mank9d ) m&ates ( a contr>y nature8 99 ,luke xii4 #bd4 9999 ,luke vi4 #bi4 #ca ,! ,*ri/ians aga9 w say1 ,h[ c ,god be kn[n unless he c be appreh5d$ by s5se8 ,to ?is we reply1 t su* a "q is n ! int]rogation ( man1 nor ( s\l1 b ( ! fle%4 ,at ! same "t1 !re=e1 let !m he>1 if !y are capable ( he>+ any ?+1 z be+ a mis]able wor?less race1 & lov]s ( body6 ,if1 clos+ ! p]ceptive organs ( s5se1 y look upw>d ) ! visive p[] ( intellect1 &1 av]t+ ! eye ( ! fle%1 y excite ! eye ( ! s\l1 y w ?us alone behold ,god994 ,& if y seek = ! lead] ( ?is pa?1 y mu/ avoid impo/ors & en*ant]s1 & ^? :o p]suade y to pay att5tion to real idols2 9 ord] t y may n be entirely ridicul\s1 by blasphem+ z idols o!r ?+s :i* are manife/ly ,gods99991 & v5]at+ t :i* is 9 reality m wor?less ?an any image1 & :i* is n ev5 an image1 b a dead body9999992 & by inve/igat+ a ,fa!r simil> to x4 99 ,?is is mo/ ,platonically said by ,celsus4 9999 ,su* z ! sun & moon1 & ! o!r heav5ly bodies4 999999 ,! ,emp]or ,julian 9 ! fragm5ts ( 8 ,argum5ts aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 'pres]v$ by ,cyril1 says1 speak+ to ! ,*ri/ians3 ,y d n notice :e!r any ?+ is said by ! ,jews ab\t hol9ess2 b y emulate _! rage & _! bitt]ness1 ov]turn+ temples & alt>s1 & cutt+ ! ?roats n only ( ^? :o rema9 firm 9 pat]nal in/itutes1 b also (444 #cb ,!re are ess5ce & g5]ation1 ! intelligible & ! visible4 ,& tru? inde$ subsi/s ) ess5ce1 b error ) g5]ation994 ,sci5ce1 !re=e1 is conv]sant ) tru?1 b op9ion ) g5]ation4 ,intellig5ce also p]ta9s to1 or has ! intelligible = its object2 b :at is visible is ! object ( sight4 ,& intellect inde$ kn[s ! intelligible2 b ! eye kn[s t :i* is visible4 ,:at ! sun !re=e is 9 ! visible region1--be+ nei!r ! eye1 nor sight1 b ! cause to ! eye ( see+1 & to ! sight ( its visive p[]1 to all s5sibles ( _! be+ g5]at$1 & to himself ( be+ p]ceiv$2--?is ! supreme ,god or ! good is 9 intelligibles3 s9ce he is nei!r intellect1 nor intellig5ce1 nor sci5ce1 b is ! cause1 to intellect1 ( intellectual p]ception2 444^? h]etics :o are equally errone\s ) y\rselves1 & :o d n lam5t a dead body 9 ! same mann] z y d4 ,= nei!r ,jesus nor ,paul exhort$ y to act 9 ?is mann]4 ,b ! reason is1 t !y did n expect y w\ld arrive at ! p[] :i* y h obta9$4 ,= !y 7 satisfi$ if !y c\ld deceive maid-s]vants & slaves1 & ?r\gh ^! m>ri$ wom51 & su* m5 z ,cornelius & ,s]gius2 among :om1 if y c m5tion "o t 0 at t "t an illu/ri\s "*1 7& ^! ?+s 7 transact$ "u ! reign ( ,tib]ius or ,claudius17 believe t ,i am a li> 9 all ?+s4 99 ,g5]ation signifies ! :ole ( t :i* is visible4 #cc to intellig5ce1 ( its subsi/5ce on acc\nt ( him2 to sci5ce1 = its possession ( k = 8 sake1 & to all intelligibles = _! exi/5ce z su*4 ,he is likewise ! cause to tru? itself & to ess5ce itself1 ( _! exi/5ce1 be+ himself beyond all intelligibles1 by a c]ta9 ineffable p[]994 ,& ^! are ! ass]tions ( m5 :o possess intellect4 ,b if y und]/& any ?+ ( :at is "h said1 y are indebt$ to u = x4 ,if1 likewise1 y ?9k t a c]ta9 _s desc5d+ f ,god ann\nc$ to y ?+s ( a div9e nature1 ?is w be ! _s :i* proclaim$ :at ,i h above said1 & ) :i* anci5t m5 be+ replete1 h unfold$ s _m ?+s ( a mo/ b5eficial nature4 ,if1 !re=e1 y are unable to und]/& ^! ass]tions1 be sil5t1 & conceal y\r ignorance1 & d n say t ^? are bl9d :o see1 & t ^? are lame :o run1 99 ,?is s5t5ce 9 ! orig9al is z foll[s3 --------4 ,b x is requisite to read1 con=mably to ! above translation1 --------4 ,celsus has d]iv$ :at he "h says f ! ,six? ,book ( ,plato's ,republic1 & :at he says previ\s to ?is f ! ,timaeeus ( ,plato4--,see ,taylor's translation ( ^! ,dialogues4 #cd y at ! same "t possess+ s\ls t are 9 e respect lame & mutilat$1 & liv+ 9 body1 viz4 9 t :i* is dead4 ,h[ mu* bett] w\ld x be = y1 s9ce y are desir\s ( innovation1 to direct y\r att5tion to "s "o ( ! illu/ri\s dead1 & conc]n+ :om a div9e fable may be prop]ly admitt$6 ,& if ,h]cules & ,esculapius d n please y1 & o!r r5[n$ m5 ( great antiquity1 y may h ,orpheus1 a man confess$ly inspir$ by a sacr$ _s1 & :o suff]$ a viol5t dea?4 ,b he p]haps has be5 adopt$ z a lead] =m]ly by o!rs4 ,consid] ,anax>*us1 !re=e1 :o be+ ?r[n into a mort>1 & bruis$ 9 ! cruelle/ mann]1 mo/ c\rage\sly despis$ ! puni%m5t1 exclaim+1 ',bruise1 bruise ! sack ( ,anax>*us1 = y _c bruise him4' ,?is1 inde$1 0 utt]$ by a c]ta9 truly div9e _s4 ,him1 h[ev]1 "s physiologi/s h already v9dicat$ to !mselves4 ,9 ! next place1 consid] ,epictetus1 :o :5 8 ma/] twi/$ 8 leg viol5tly1 said1 smil+ g5tly & )\t be+ t]rifi$1 ',y w break my leg2' & :5 8 ma/] _h brok5 8 leg1 only obs]v$1 ',did ,i n tell y t y w\ld break x8 ,:at ?+ ( ?is k9d did y\r ,god utt] :5 #ce he 0 puni%$998 ,! sibyl1 likewise1 ^: v]ses are us$ by "s ( y1 is f> m wor?y to be reg>d$ by y z ! daught] ( ,god4 ,b n[ y h fraudul5tly & ra%ly ins]t$ 9 h] v]ses _m ?+s ( a blasphem\s nature99992 & ,*ri/1 :o 9 8 life 0 mo/ repreh5sible1 & 9 8 dea? mo/ mis]able1 y rev]5ce z a ,god4 ,h[ mu* m appropriately might y h be/[$ ?is hon\r on ,jonas :5 he 0 "u ! g\rd1 or on ,daniel :o 0 sav$ 9 ! d5 ( lions1 or on o!rs ( :om m prodigi\s ?+s ?an ^! are n>rat$6 ,?is is "o ( ! precepts ( ! ,*ri/ians3 ',d n rev5ge y\rself on him :o injures y2 & if any p]son /rikes y on "o *eek1 turn ! o!r to him also4' ,& ?is precept inde$ is ( v great antiquity1 b is record$ 9 a m ru/ic 99 ,*ri/ :5 on ! cross exclaim$1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,b ,socrates 9 8 ,apology to 8 ,judges1 z record$ by ,plato1 mo/ magnanim\sly said1 ,anytus & ,melitus may inde$ put me to dea?1 b !y _c injure me4 9999 ,! collection ( ! ,sibyll9e ,oracles :i* are n[ extant1 are ackn[l$g$ by all intellig5t m5 among ! le>n$ to be = ! mo/ "p =g]ies4--,see ! acc\nt ( !m by ,fabricius 9 vol4 i4 ( 8 ,biblioo!ca ,graeca1 #cf mann] by ,*ri/4 ,= ,socrates is made by ,plata 9 ! ,crito to speak z foll[s3 ',x is by no means !re=e prop] to d an injury4 ,by no means4 ,h5ce nei!r is x prop] = him :o is injur$ to rev5ge ! injury1 z ! multitude ?9k x is2 s9ce x is by no means fit to d an injury4 ,x does n appe> t x is4 ,b :at6 is x prop] or n1 ,o ,crito1 to be malific8 ,x c]ta9ly is n prop]1 ,socrates4 ,is x !re=e j or unju/ = a man to be malific to him by :om he has be5 hurt8 = 9 ! op9ion ( ! vulg> x is j4 ,x is by no means j4 ,= to be hurtful to m5 does n at all diff] f injur+ !m4 ,y speak ! tru?4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 is x prop] to rev5ge an injury1 nor to be hurtful to any man1 :atev] evil we may suff] f him4' ,^! ?+s are ass]t$ by ,plato1 :o also adds3 ',consid]1 !re=e1 well1 :e!r y agree1 & are ( ! same op9ion ) me 9 ?is2 & we w beg9 ) admitt+1 t x is nev] "r ei!r to d an injury1 or rev5ge an injury on him :o has act$ badly t[>ds u4 ,d y ass5t to ?is pr9ciple8 ,= =m]ly x appe>$1 & n[ /ill appe>s1 to me to be true4' ,su*1 !re=e1 0 ! op9ion ( ,plato1 & :i* also 0 ! doctr9e ( div9e m5 prior to him4 ,conc]n+ ^!1 h[ev]1 & o!r p>ticul>s :i* ! ,*ri/ians h corrupt$1 en\gh has be5 said4 ,= he :o #cg desires to se>* fur!r into !m1 may easily be satisfi$4 ,b :y is x requisite to enum]ate h[ _m ?+s h be5 =etold ) a div9ely inspir$ voice1 p>tly by prophetesses & prophets1 & p>tly by o!r m5 & wom5 "u ! influ5ce ( inspiration8 ,:at wond]ful ?+s !y h he>d f ! adyta !mselves6 ,h[ _m ?+s h be5 r5d]$ manife/ f victims & sacrifices to ^? :o h us$ !m6 ,h[ _m f o!r prodigi\s symbols6 ,& to "s p]sons1 div9ely lum9\s appe>ances h be5 manife/ly pres5t4 ,( ^! ?+s inde$ ! life ( e "o is full4 ,h[ _m cities1 likewise1 h be5 rais$ f oracles1 & lib]at$ f disease & pe/il5ce6 ,& h[ _m1 neglect+ ^!1 or =gett+ !m1 h p]i%$ mis]ably6 ,h[ _m colonies h be5 f\nd$ f ^!1 & by obs]v+ _! m&ates h be5 r5d]$ happy6 ,h[ _m pot5tates & private p]sons h1 f att5d+ to or neglect+ ^!1 obta9$ a bett] or a worse condition6 ,h[ _m1 lam5t+ _! want ( *ildr51 h ?r\gh ^! obta9$ ! object ( _! wi%es6 ,h[ _m h escap$ ! ang] ( daemons6 ,h[ _m mutilat$ bodies h be5 heal$6 ,& aga91 h[ _m h imm$iately suff]$ = insol5t behavi\r 9 #ch sacr$ conc]ns6 "s inde$ becom+ insane on ! v spot2 o!rs proclaim+ _! impi\s de$s1 b o!rs n proclaim+ !m be=e !y p]i%$2 "s de/roy+ !mselves1 & o!rs becom+ a prey to incurable diseases4 ,& sometimes a dreadful voice issu+ f ! adyta has de/roy$ !m994 ,9 ! next place1 is x n absurd t y %\ld desire & hope = ! resurrection ( ! body1 z if no?+ 0 m excell5t or m hon\rable to u ?an ?is2 & yet aga91 t y %\ld hurl ?is same body into puni%m5ts1 z a ?+ ( a vile nature8 ,to m51 h[ev]1 :o are p]suad$ t ?is is true1 & :o are conglut9at$ to body1 x is n wor? :ile to speak ( ?+s ( ?is k9d4 ,= ^! are m5 :o 9 o!r respects are ru/ic & impure1 )\t reason1 & lab\r+ "u ! disease ( s$ition4 ,inde$1 ^? :o hope t ! s\l or intellect w exi/ et]nally1 :e!r !y are will+ to call x pneumatic99991 or an intellectual _s holy & bless$1 or a liv+ s\l1 or ! sup]cele/ial & 99 ,see ! sci5tific !ory ( ,oracles unfold$ 9 ! ,notes to ,taylor's translation ( ,pausanias1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bei4 9999 ,?is is said con=mably to ! op9ion ( ! ,/oics4 #ci incorruptible prog5y ( a div9e & incorporeal nature991 or :atev] o!r appellation !y may ?9k fit to give x2 ^? :o ?us hope1 7b ,i say ?is 9 accordance ) ,div9ity17 9 ?is respect ?9k rightly1 t ^? :o h liv$ well 9 ?is life w be bless$1 b t ^? :o h be5 entirely unju/1 w be involv$ 9 endless evils4 ,& nei!r ! ,*ri/ians nor any o!r man 7 ev] ho/ile to ?is dogma4 ,s9ce m5 are b\nd to body1 :e!r !y are s = ! sake ( ! disp5sation ( ! :ole ( ?+s1 or 9 ord] t !y may suff] ! puni%m5t ( _! (f5ces1 or 9 consequ5ce ( ! s\l ?r\gh c]ta9 passions becom+ heavy & t5d+ d[nw>ds1 till ?r\gh c]ta9 ord]ly p]iods x becomes purifi$2--= accord+ to ,emp$ocles1 x is necess>y t ',f ! ble/ w&]+ ?rice t5 ?\s& times1 ,?r\gh v>i\s mortal =ms ! s\l %\ld pass4'-- 99 ,?is is ass]t$ 9 accordance ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,platoni/s4 9999 ,?is #cj1jjj times mu/ n be consid]$ ma!matically2 s9ce x symbolically indicates a c]ta9 appropriate measure ( p]fection4 ,= 9 units ,s is a p]fect numb]1 z hav+ a beg9n+1 middle1 & end4 ,& aga91 #aj is p]fect1 because x compreh5ds all numb]s 9 itself4 ,^! numb]s1 h[ev]1 7 call-444 #dj ,?is be+ ! case1 x is requisite to believe t m5 are committ$ to ! c>e ( c]ta9 inspective gu>dians ( ?is prison ! body4 ,t to ! lea/ ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 are allott$ gu>dian p[]s1 may be le>nt f ! ,egyptians1 :o say t ! human body is divid$ into ?irty-six p>ts1 & t daemons99 or c]ta9 e!rial gods :o are di/ribut$ into ! same numb] ( p>ts1 are ! gu>dians ( ^! divisions ( ! body4 ,"s also ass]t1 t !re is a mu* great] numb] ( ^! presid+ p[]s2 diff]5t corporeal p>ts be+ "u ! inspection ( diff]5t p[]s4 ,! names ( ^! also 9 ! v]nacul> tongue ( ! ,egyptians are ,*n\m51 ,*na*\m51 ,knat1 ,sicat1 ,bi\1 ,er\1 ,erebi\1 ,ramanor1 ,reianoor4 ,:at1 !re=e1 %\ld prev5t him f mak+ use ( ^! & o!r p[]s1 :o wi%es r to be well ?an to be ill1 to be =tunate r ?an to be un=tunate1 & to be lib]at$ f su* 444ed by ! anci5ts p]fect1 9 a diff]5t way f #f1 #bh1 c42 = ^! 7 ?us d5om9at$ because !y are equal to ! sum ( _! p>ts4 99 i4 e4 b5efic5t daemonss2 = ! anci5ts divid$ daemonss into ! b5efic5t & malevol5t4 ,!y also consid]$ ! =m] z assi/+ ! s\l 9 its asc5t to its pri/9e /ate ( felicity2 b ! latt] z ( a puni%+ & av5g+ *>act]i/ic4 #da torm5tors & ca/igators z ^! ?+s are ?\ght to be899 ,he1 h[ev]1 :o invokes ^! p[]s ought to be c>eful1 le/ be+ conglut9at$ z x 7 to ! wor%ip ( !m1 & to a love ( ! body1 he %\ld turn f & become oblivi\s ( m excell5t natures4 ,= x is p]haps requisite n to disbelieve 9 wise m51 :o say t ! great] "p ( circumt]re/rial daemons are conglut9at$ to g5]ation1 & are delight$ ) blood1 ) ! od\r & vap\r ( fle%1 ) melodies & ) o!r ?+s ( ! l k9d99992 to :i* be+ b\nd1 !y are unable to effect any ?+ sup]ior to ! sanction ( ! body1 & ! pr$iction ( future ev5ts to m5 & cities4 ,:atev] also p]ta9s to mortal actions !y "k1 & are able to br+ to pass4 ,if "s "o %\ld comm& a wor%ip] ( ,god ei!r to act impi\sly1 or to say any ?+ ( a mo/ disgraceful nature1 he is 9 no respect :atev] to be obey$2 b all trial & e k9d ( dea? are to be endur$ r ?an to m$itate1 99 ,vid4 ,salmas4 ,9 f9e libri ,he ,annis climact]icis4 9999 ,see ,book ,,ii4 ( ,taylor's translation ( ,porphyry1--,on ,ab/95ce f ,animal ,food4 #db & mu* m to ass]t1 any ?+ impi\s conc]n+ ,god4 ,b if any "o %\ld ord] u to celebrate ! ,sun or ,m9]va1 we ought mo/ gladly to s+ hymns to _! praise4 ,= ?us y w appe> to v5]ate ! supreme ,god 9 a great] degree 991 if y also celebrate ^! p[]s3 = piety :5 x passes ?r\gh all ?+s becomes m p]fect4 ,,extracts ,,f1 ,,& ,,in=mation ,,relative ,,to1 ,,! ,,treatise ,,( ,,porphyry ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,*ri/ians ,illu/ration3 ,porphyry ,?is "w ( ,porphyry consi/$ ( ,fifte5 ,books1 & is un=tunately lo/4 ,x is frequ5tly m5tion$ by ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 f ^: writ+s ! foll[+ p>ticul>s are collect$4 ,! ,fir/ ,book appe>s to h conta9$ a developm5t ( ! contr>iety ( ! ,scriptures1 & pro(s t !y did n proce$ f ,div9ity1 b f m54 ,to ?is end ,porphyry especially adduces :at ,paul writes to ! ,galatians1 *ap4 ii4 99 ,= z ! ineffable pr9ciple ( ?+s possesses all p[] & ! highe/ p[]1 he fir/ produc$ f himself be+s mo/ transc5d5tly alli$ to himself2 & !re=e1 by v5]at+ ^!1 ! highe/ ,god w be 9 a great] degree v5]at$1 z be+ a great] v5]ation ( 8 p[]4 #dc viz4 t :5 ,pet] came to ,antio*1 he )/ood him to 8 face1 because he 0 to be blam$4 ,h5ce ,porphyry inf]s1 t ! ,apo/les1 & inde$ ! *ief ( !m1 did n publicly /udy ! salvation ( all m51 b t ea* ( !m 0 privately att5tive to 8 own r5[n4 ,?is ! ,fa!rs te/ify 9 m ?an "o place4 ,see ! ,comm5t>y ( ,j]ome on ! above-m5tion$ ,epi/le4 ,j]ome also1 9 8 #hi? ,epi/le to ,augu/91 in=ms u t ,porphyry says1 t ,pet] & ,paul oppos$ ea* o!r 9 a pu]ile conte/1 & t ,paul 0 envi\s ( ! virtue ( ,pet]4 ,! ,?ird ,book treat$ ( ! int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures1 9 :i* ,porphyry condemn$ ! mode ( expla9+ !m adopt$ by ! comm5tators1 & especially ! allegories ( ,orig54 ,?is is evid5t f a long extract f ?is "w ( ,porphyry giv5 by ,eusebius 9 ,hi/4 ,eccl4 lib4 i4 cap4 #ac4 ,! ,f\r? ,book treat$ ( ! ,mosaic hi/ory & ! antiquities ( ! ,jews1 z we le>n f ,eusebius1 ,proep4 ,evang4 lib4 i4 cap4 #i1 & f ,!o-doret1 ,s]m4 ii4 ,!rap4 ,b ! ,twelf? ,book 0 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all1 9 :i* ,porphyry /r5u\sly opposes ! #dd prophecy ( ,daniel4 ,( ?is "w ,j]ome ?us speaks 9 ! ,preface to 8 ,comm5t>y on t prophet3 ,porphyry's twelf? book is aga9/ ! prophet ,daniel1 z he 0 unwill+ to admit t x 0 writt5 by t prophet1 b cont5ds t x 0 compos$ by a p]son 9 ,judaea nam$ ,epiphanes1 & :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,antio*us4 ,h5ce he says1 t ,daniel does n s mu* n>rate future z pa/ ev5ts4 ,la/ly1 he ass]ts1 t :atev] is relat$ z f> z to ! reign ( ,antio*us conta9s a true hi/ory2 b t all t is said po/]ior to ?is "t1 z ! writ] 0 ignorant ( futurity1 is false4 ,! ,?irte5? ,book also1 accord+ to ,j]ome991 0 writt5 aga9/ ! same prophet2 9 :i* book1 speak+ ( ! abom9ation ( desolation1 z x is call$ by ,daniel1 7:5 /&+ 9 ! sacr$ place17 he says _m reproa*ful ?+s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! same ,j]ome likewise1 9 ,epi/4 ci41 ad ,pam-ma*ium1 te/ifies1 t ,porphyry accuses ! hi/ory ( ! ,evangeli/s ( falsehood1 & says9999 t ,*ri/1 aft] he _h told 8 bre?r5 t he %\ld 99 ,vid4 lib4 iv4 ,comm5t1 9 #bd ,cap4 ,mat?4 9999 ,lib4 ii4 adv]sus ,pelagianos4 #de n g up to ! fea/ ( tab]nacles1 yet aft]w>ds w5t up to x 7,john vii474 ,h5ce ,porphyry accuses him ( incon/ancy & mutability4 ,j]ome's obs]vation on ?is is curi\s1 viz4 ,nesci5s omnia sc&ala ad c>nem esse ref]5da4 ,j]ome adds 79 ,lib4 ,quas/4 ,hebraic1 9 ,g5es97 t ,porphyry calumniates ! ,evangeli/s = mak+ a miracle to ! ignorant1 by ass]t+ t ,*ri/ walk$ on ! sea1 call+ ! lake ,g5ez>e? ! sea4 ,he likewise says1 t ,porphyry call$ ! miracles :i* 7 p]=m$ at ! sepul*res ( ! m>tyrs1 ! delusions ( evil demons4 ,! foll[+ rem>kable passage f "o ( ! lo/ writ+s ( ,porphyry relative to ! ,*ri/ians1 is pres]v$ by ,augu/9 9 8 ,treatise ,de ,civit4 lib4 xix4 cap4 #bc4 ,sunt spiritus t]r5i m9imi loco t]r5o quodam malorum daemonum pote/ati subjecti4 ,ab 8 sapi5tes ,hebraeorum1 quorum unus i/e etiam ,jesus fuit1 sicut audivi/i div9a ,apollonis oracula quae sup]ius dicta sunt4 ,ab 8 ergo ,hebaei dsemonibus pessimis et m9oribus spiritibus vetabant religiosos1 et ipsis vac>e prohibebant3 v5]>i autem magis coele/es ,deos1 amplius autem v5]>i ,deum patrem4 ,hoc autem et ,dii praecipiunt1 et 9 #dj sup]ioibus o/5dimus1 quemadmodum animadv]t]e ad ,deum mon5t1 et ilium col]e ubique imp]ant4 ,v]um indocti et impiae naturae1 quibus v]e ,fatum non concessit a ,dius dona obt9]e1 neque hab]e ,jovis immortalis notitiam1 non audi5tes ,deos et div9os viros2 ,deos quidem omnes recusav]unt1 prohibitos autem daemones non solum nullis odiis insequi1 s$ etiam rev]]i deleg]unt4 ,deum autem simulantes se col]e1 ea sola p] quae ,deus adoratur1 non agunt4 ,nam ,deus quidem utpote omnium pat] nullius indiget3 s$ nobis e/ b5e1 cum eum p] ju/itiam et ca/itatem1 aliasque virtutes adoramus1 ipsam vitam precem ad ipsum fa-ci5tes1 p] imitationem et inquisitionem de ipso4 ,inquisitio enim purgat1 imitatio deificat affectionem ad ipsum op]&o4 i4 e4 ,!re are t]r5e spirits ( ! l[e/ ord]1 :o 9 a c]ta9 t]r5e place are subject to ! p[] ( evil demons4 ,f ^! 7 d]iv$ ! wise m5 ( ! ,hebrews1 ( :om ,jesus also 0 "o2 z y h he>d ! div9e oracles ( ,apollo above m5tion$ ass]t4 ,f ^! wor/ ( demons !re=e1 & less] spirits ( ! ,hebrew1 ! oracles =bid ! religi\s1 & prohibit f pay+ att5tion to !m1 b exhort !m r to v5]ate ! cele/ial gods1 & /ill m ! fa!r ( ! gods4 ,& we h above #dg %[n h[ ! gods admoni% u to look to ,div9ity1 & ev]y:]e comm& u to wor%ip him4 ,b ! unle>n$ & impi\s natures1 to :om ,fate has n grant$ truly to obta9 gifts f ! gods1 & to h a k ( immortal ,jupit]1--^! n att5d+ to ! gods & div9e m51 reject inde$ all ! gods1 & are s f> f hat+ prohibit$ demons1 t !y ev5 *oose to rev]5ce !m994 ,b pret5d+ t !y wor%ip ,god1 !y d n p]=m ^? ?+s ?r\gh :i* alone ,god is ador$4 ,= ,god1 inde$1 z be+ ! fa!r ( all ?+s1 is n 9 want ( any ?+2 b x is well ) u :5 we adore him ?r\gh ju/ice & cont95ce1 & ! o!r 99,! ,platonic philosoph] ,sallu/1 9 8 gold5 book ,on ! ,gods & ! ,_w1 says1 allud+ to ! ,*ri/ians1 cap4 #ah1 ,impiety1 :i* invades "s places ( ! e>?1 & :i* w (t5 subsi/ 9 future1 ought n to give any di/urbance to ! wor?y m9d2 = ?+s ( ?is k9d d n affect1 nor c religi\s hon\rs be ( any advantage to ! gods2 & ! s\l f its middle nature is n always able to pursue t :i* is "r ,besides1 x is n improbable t impiety is a species ( puni%m5t2 = ^? :o h kn[n & at ! same "t despis$ ! gods1 we may reasonably suppose w 9 ano!r life be depriv$ ( ! k ( _! nature4 ,& ^? :o h hon\r$ _! prop] sov]eigns z gods1 %all be cut (f f ! div9ities1 z ! puni%m5t ( _! impiety4 #dh virtues1 mak+ our life a pray] to him ?r\gh ! imitation & inve/igation ( him4 ,= inve/igation purifies1 b imitation deifies ! affection ( ! m9d by en]giz+ ab\t div9ity4 ,! foll[+ extract f ,porphyry conc]n+ a pe/il5ce :i* rag$ = _m ye>s at ,rome1 & c\ld n be mitigat$ by any sacrifices1 is pres]v$ by ,!odoret3 --------4 i4 e4 ,! ,*ri/ians n[ wond] t ! city has be5 = s _m ye>s attack$ by disease1 ! adv5t or manife/ appe>ance ( ,esculapius & ! o!r gods no long] exi/+4 ,= ,jesus be+ n[ rev]5c$ & wor%ip$1 no "o any long] d]ives any public b5efit f ! gods4 ,a ,,fragm5t ,,( ,,! ,,?irty-,,f\r? ,,book ,,( ,,diodorus ,,siculus4 ,k+ ,antio*us besieg$ ,j]usalem2 b ! ,jews resi/$ him = "s "t4 ,:51 h[ev]1 all _! provision 0 sp5t1 !y 7 =c$ to s5d ambassadors to him to treat on t]ms4 ,_m ( 8 fri5ds p]suad$ him to /orm ! city1 & #di to root out ! :ole nation ( ! ,jews2 because !y only1 ( all p1 hat$ to conv]se ) any ( ano!r nation1 & treat$ all ( !m z enemies4 ,!y likewise sugge/$ to him1 t ! ance/ors ( ! ,jews 7 driv5 out ( ,egypt z impi\s & hateful to ! ,gods4 ,= _! bodies be+ ov]spread & infect$ ) ! it* & leprosy1 !y br\ght !m toge!r into "o place by way ( expiation1 & z pr(ane & wick$ wret*es expell$ !m f _! coa/s4 ,^? too t 7 ?us expell$ seat$ !mselves ab\t ,j]usalem1 & be+ aft]w>ds embodi$ into "o nation1 call$ ! nation ( ! ,jews1 _! hatr$ ( all o!r m5 desc5d$ ) _! blood to po/]ity4 ,h5ce !y made /range laws1 entirely diff]5t f ^? ( o!r nations4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 !y w nei!r eat nor dr9k ) any "o ( a diff]5t nation1 nor wi% him any prosp]ity4 ,=1 say !y1 ,antio*us1 surnam$ ,epiphanes1 hav+ subdu$ ! ,jews1 ent]$ into ! temple ( ,god1 into :i* by _! law no "o 0 p]mitt$ to ent] b ! prie/4 ,"h1 :5 he f\nd ! image ( a man ) a long be>d c>v$ 9 /one sitt+ on an ass1 he conceiv$ x to be ,moses :o built ,j]usalem1 e/abli%$ ! nation1 & made all _! impi\s cu/oms & practises legal3 = ^! ab\nd 9 hatr$ & enmity to all o!r m54 ,antio*us1 !re=e1 abhorr+ ?is #ej _! contr>iety to all o!r nations1 us$ 8 utmo/ endeav\r to abrogate _! laws4 ,9 ord] to effect ?is1 he sacrific$ a l>ge hog at ! image ( ,moses & at ! alt> ( ,god t /ood 9 ! outw>d c\rt1 & spr9kl$ !m ) ! blood ( ! sacrifice4 ,he comm&$ likewise t ! sacr$ books1 :]eby !y 7 taught to hate all o!r nations1 %\ld be spr9kl$ ) ! bro? made ( ! hog's fle%4 ,& he ext+ui%$ ! lamp call$ by !m immortal1 :i* 0 cont9ually burn+ 9 ! temple4 ,la/ly1 he compell$ ! high prie/ & ! o!r ,jews to eat sw9e's fle%4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 ,antio*us & 8 fri5ds _h delib]ately consid]$ ^! ?+s1 !y urg$ him to root out ! :ole nation1 or at lea/ to abrogate _! laws & compel !m to *ange _! =m] mode ( conduct+ !mselves 9 common life4 ,b ! k+ be+ g5]\s & ( a mild disposition1 receiv$ ho/ages & p>don$ ! ,jews4 ,he demoli%$1 h[ev]1 ! walls ( ,j]usalem1 & took ! tribute t 0 due4 ,,f ,,mane?o ,,respect+ ,,! ,,israelites4 ,:ile su* 0 ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,e?iopia1 ! p ( ,j]usalem1 hav+ come d[n ) ! defil$ ( ! ,egyptians1 treat$ ! inhabitants 9 su* an unholy mann]1 t ^? :o witness$ #ea _! impieties1 believ$ t _! jo9t sway 0 m execrable ?an t :i* ! %eph]ds _h =m]ly ex]cis$4 ,= !y n only set fire to ! cities & villages1 b committ$ e k9d ( sacrilege1 & de/roy$ ! images ( ! gods1 & roa/$ & f$ ^u ^? sacr$ animals t 7 wor%ipp$2 & hav+ compell$ ! prie/s & prophets to kill & sacrifice !m1 !y ca/ !m nak$ out ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is said also t ! prie/ :o orda9$ _! polity & laws 0 by bir? ( ,heliopolis1 & 8 "n ,os>siph1 f ,osons ! god ( ,heliopolis2 b t :5 he w5t ov] to ^! p1 8 "n 0 *ang$1 & he 0 call$ ,moyses4 ,mane?o aga9 says3 ,aft] ?is1 ,am5ophis return$ f ,e?iopia ) a great =ce1 & ,rampses also 8 son ) o!r =ces2 & enc\nt]+ ! %eph]ds & defil$ p1 !y defeat$ & slew multitudes ( !m1 add pursu$ !m to ! b\nds ( ,syria4--,joseph contn ,app4 lib4 i4 cap4 #bf1 #bg4 ,*]ilus also1 a /ill m anci5t writ] ?an ,h]odotus1 & a poet1 makes m5tion ( our nation1 & in=ms u t x came to ! assi/ance ( k+ ,x]xes 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ,greece4 ,= 9 8 enum]ation ( all ^? nations1 he la/ ( #eb all ins]ts ours among ! re/1 :5 he says3 ,at ! la/1 !re pass$ ov] a p wond]ful to behold2 = !y spake ! ,pho5ician tongue1 & dwelt 9 ! ,solymaean m\nta9s1 ne> a broad lake4 ,_! heads 7 sooty2 !y _h r\nd rasures on !m2 _! heads & faces 7 l na/y horse heads1 also1 t _h be5 h>d5$ 9 ! smoke4--,:i/on's ,josephus1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bii4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,fif? ,,book ,,( ,,tacitus ,,respect+ ,,! ,,jews1 ,,z ,,translat$ ,,by ,,murphy4 ,be+ n[ to relate ! progress ( a siege t t]m9at$ 9 ! de/ruction ( t once celebrat$ city ,j]usalem1 x may be prop] to g back to its fir/ f\ndation1 & to trace ! orig9 ( ! p4 ,! ,jews we are told 7 natives ( ! ,isle ( ,crete4 ,at ! "t :5 ,saturn 0 driv5 f 8 ?rone by ! viol5ce ( ,jupit]1 !y ab&on$ _! habitations1 & ga9$ a settlem5t at ! extremity ( ,libya4 ,9 support ( ?is tradition1 ! etymology ( _! "n is adduc$ z a pro(4 ,m\nt ,ida1 well kn[n to fame1 /&s 9 ! ,isle ( ,crete3 ! inhabitants are call$ ,idaeans2 & ! ^w by a b>b>\s corruption 0 *ang$ aft]w>ds to t ( ,judaeans4 ,accord+ to o!rs !y 7 a colony f ,egypt1 :5 t c\ntry1 dur+ ! reign ( ,isis1 #ec ov]fl[+ ) inhabitants p\r$ =? its r$undant numb]s "u ! conduct ( ,hi]osolymus & ,juda4 ,a ?ird hypo!sis makes !m orig9ally ,e?iopians1 compell$ by ! tyranny ( ,cepheus1 ! reign+ mon>*1 to ab&on _! c\ntry4 ,"s au?ors cont5d t !y 7 a tribe ( ,assyrians1 :o = "s "t occupi$ a portion ( ,egypt1 & aft]w>ds transplant+ !mselves into ,syria1 acquir$ 9 _! own "r a numb] ( cities1 toge!r ) ! t]ritories ( ! ,hebrews4 ,!re is /ill ano!r tradition1 :i* ascribes to ! ,jews a m illu/ri\s orig91 d]iv+ !m f ! anci5t ,solymans1 s highly celebrat$ 9 ! poetry ( ,hom]4 ,by t p ! city 0 built1 & f its f\nd] receiv$ ! "n ( ,hi]osolyma4 ,9 ?is cla% ( op9ions1 "o po9t seems to be univ]sally admitt$4 ,a pe/il5tial disease1 disfigur+ ! race ( man1 & mak+ ! body an object ( loa?some de=mity1 spread all ov] ,egypt4 ,boc*oris1 at t "t ! reign+ mon>*1 consult$ ! oracle ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 & receiv$ = answ] t ! k+dom mu/ be purifi$ by ext]m9at+ ! infect$ multitude z a race ( m5 dete/$ by ! gods4 ,aft] dilig5t se>*1 ! wret*$ suff]]s 7 collect$ toge!r1 & 9 a wild & b>r5 des]t ab&on$ to _! mis]y4 ,9 t di/ress1 :ile ! vulg> h]d 0 #ed sunk 9 deep despair1 ,moses1 "o ( _! numb]1 rem9d$ !m1 t by ! wisdom ( 8 c\nsels !y _h be5 already rescu$ out ( imp5d+ dang]4 ,des]t$ z !y 7 by m5 & gods1 he told !m t if !y did n repose _! confid5ce 9 him1 z _! *ief by div9e commission1 !y _h no res\rce left4 ,8 (f] 0 accept$4 ,_! m>* began !y knew n :i!r4 ,want ( wat] 0 _! *ief di/ress4 ,worn out ) fatigue !y lay /ret*$ out on ! b>e e>?1 he>t-brok51 ready to expire2 :5 a troop ( wild asses1 return+ f pa/ure1 w5t up ! /eep asc5t ( a rock cov]$ ) a grove ( trees4 ,! v]dure ( ! h]bage r\nd ! place1 sugge/$ ! idea ( spr+s ne> at h&4 ,moses trac$ ! /eps ( ! animals1 & discov]$ a pl5tiful ve9 ( wat]4 ,by ?is relief ! fa9t+ multitude 0 rais$ f despair4 ,!y pursu$ _! j\rney = six days )\t int]mission4 ,on ! sev5? !y made a halt1 & hav+ expell$ ! natives took possession ( ! c\ntry1 :]e !y built _! city & d$icat$ _! temple4 ,9 ord] to draw ! bond ( union clos]1 & to e/abli% 8 own au?ority1 ,moses gave a new =m ( wor%ip1 & a sy/em ( religi\s c]emonies1 ! rev]se ( e ?+ kn[n to any o!r age or c\ntry4 ,:atev] is held sacr$ by #ee ! ,romans1 ) ! ,jews is pr(ane3 & :at 9 o!r nations is unlawful & impure1 ) !m is fully e/abli%$4 ,! figure ( ! animal t guid$ !m to refre%+ spr+s is consecrat$ 9 ! sanctu>y ( _! temple994 ,9 contempt ( ,jupit] ,hammon !y sacrifice a ram4 ,! ox wor%ip$ 9 ,egypt = ! god ,apis is sla9 z a victim by ! ,jews4 ,f ! fle% ( sw9e !y ab/a9 altoge!r4 ,an animal subject to ! same lepr\s disease t infect$ _! :ole nation1 is n deem$ prop] food4 ,! fam9e ) :i* !y 7 = a long "t afflict$1 is frequ5tly commemorat$ by a solemn fa/4 ,_! bread1 9 memory ( _! hav+ seiz$ a quantity ( gra9 to relieve _! wants1 is made )\t leav54 ,! sev5? day is sacr$ to re/1 = on t day _! lab\rs end$2 & su* is _! natural prop5sity to slo?1 t 9 consequ5ce ( x e sev5? ye> is devot$ to repose & sluggi% inactivity4 ,= ?is sept5nial cu/om "s acc\nt 9 a 99 ,con=mably to ?is1 see :at ,diodorus ,siculus says 79 ! extract giv5 f him1 p4 #di473 ,josephus d5ies t ! figure ( an ass 0 consecrat$ 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! ,jewi% temple4 ,b ?is does n invalidate ! te/imony ( ,diodorus ,siculus to ! contr>y4 ,= ,antio*us :5 he subdu$ ! ,jews might h f\nd ! image ( ?is animal 9 _! temple2 b 9 ! "t ( ,josephus ! ass might n h be5 consecrat$ by !m4 #ef diff]5t mann]3 !y tell u t x is an in/itution 9 hon\r ( ,saturn2 ei!r because ! ,idaeans1 expell$1 z has be5 m5tion$1 f ! ,isle ( ,crete1 transmitt$ to _! po/]ity ! pr9ciples ( _! religi\s cre$2 or because among ! sev5 planets t gov]n ! univ]se1 ,saturn moves 9 ! highe/ orbit1 & acts ) ! greate/ en]gy4 ,x may be add$ t ! p]iod 9 :i* ! heav5ly bodies p]=m _! revolutions is regulat$ by ! numb] sev54 ,^! rites & c]emonies1 f :atev] s\rce d]iv$1 owe _! *ief support to _! antiquity4 ,!y h o!r in/itutions1 9 !mselves corrupt1 impure1 & ev5 abom9able2 b eag]ly embrac$1 z if _! v depravity 7 a recomm5dation4 ,! scum & refuse ( o!r nations1 r5\nc+ ! religion ( _! c\ntry1 flock$ 9 cr[ds to ,j]usalem1 enri*+ ! place ) gifts & (f]+s4 ,h5ce ! weal? & gr&eur ( ! /ate4 ,connect$ among/ !mselves by ! mo/ ob/9ate & inflexible fai?1 ! ,jews ext5d _! *>ity to all ( _! own p]suasion1 :ile t[>ds ! re/ ( mank9d !y n\ri% a sull5 & invet]ate hatr$4 ,/rang]s are exclud$ f _! tables4 ,unsociable to all o!rs1 !y eat & lodge ) "o ano!r only2 & ?\gh addict$ to s5suality1 !y admit no int]c\rse ) wom5 #eg f o!r nations4 ,among !mselves _! passions are )\t re/ra9t4 ,vice itself is lawful4 ,t !y may "k ea* o!r by di/9ctive m>ks1 !y h e/abli%$ ! practice ( circumcision4 ,all :o embrace _! fai?1 submit to ! same op]ation4 ,! fir/ elem5ts ( _! religion tea* _! proselytes to despise ! gods1 to abjure _! c\ntry1 & =get _! p>5ts1 _! bro!rs1 & _! *ildr54 ,) ! ,egyptians !y agree 9 _! belief ( a future /ate2 !y h ! same notion ( dep>t$ spirits1 ! same solicitude1 & ! same doctr9e4 ,) reg>d to ! ,deity _! cre$ is diff]5t4 ,! ,egyptians wor%ip v>i\s animals1 & also symbolical repres5tations1 :i* are ! "w ( man3 ! ,jews ackn[l$ge "o ,god only1 & him !y adore 9 contemplation2 condemn+ z impi\s idolat]s all :o1 ) p]i%able mat]ials wr\ght into ! human =m1 attempt to give a repres5tation ( ! ,deity4 ,_! prie/s made use ( fifes & cymbals2 !y 7 cr[n$ ) wrea?s ( ivy1 & a v9e wr\ght 9 gold 0 se5 9 _! temple4 ,h5ce "s h inf]r$ t ,bac*us1 ! conqu]or ( ! ,ea/1 0 ! object ( _! adoration4 ,b ! ,jewi% =ms ( wor%ip h no con=mity to ! rites ( ,bac*us4 ,! latt] h _! fe/ive days :i* are always celebrat$ ) mir? & c>\s+ banquets4 ,^? ( ! ,jews are a gloomy c]emony1 #eh fall ( absurd en?usiasm1 rueful1 mean1 & sordid4 -------- ,*a]emon 991 pr(ess+ to write ! hi/ory ( ,egypt1 says1 t "u ,am5ophis & 8 son ,ramessis two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& lepr\s & pollut$ m5 7 ca/ out ( ,egypt4 ,_! lead]s 7 ,moses ! scribe1 & ,josephus1 :o 0 also a sacr$ scribe4 ,! ,egyptian "n ( ,moses 0 ,tisi!n1 ( ,joseph ,peteseph4 ,^! com+ to ,pelusium1 & f9d+ !re #chj1jjj m5 left by ,am5ophis1 :i* he w\ld n admit into ,egypt1 mak+ a league ) !m1 !y und]took an exp$ition aga9/ ,egypt4 ,^u ?is ,am5ophis flies into ,e?iopia1 & 8 son ,mess5es drives out ! ,jews into ,syria1 9 numb] ab\t #bjj1jjj1 & receives 8 fa!r ,am5ophis out ( ,e?iopia4 ,i "k ,lysima*us9999 assigns ano!r k+ & ano!r "t 9 :i* ,moses l$ ! ,israelites out ( ,egypt1 & t 0 :5 ,boc*oris reign$ 9 ,egypt2 ! nation ( ! ,jews1 be+ infect$ ) leprosies & scabs & o!r diseases1 betook !mselves to ! temples to beg _! liv+1 & _m be+ ta9t$ ) ! disease1 !re happ5$ a de>? 9 ,egypt4 ,:]eupon ,boc*oris consult+ 99 ,joseph1 lib4 i4 contra ,apionem4 9999 ,idem4 #ei ) ! oracle ( ,ammon1 receiv$ = answ] t ! lepr\s p 7 to be dr[n$ 9 ! sea1 9 %eets ( lead1 & ! scabb$ 7 to be c>ri$ into ! wild]ness2 :o *oos+ ,moses = _! lead]1 conqu]$ t c\ntry :i* is n[ call$ ,judaea4--,greaves ,pyramidograpkia1 p4 #bf4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,emp]or ,,julian ,,relative ,,to ,,! ,,*ri/ians4 ,illu/ration3 ,julian ,,extract ,,f ,,epi/le ,,li4 ,,to ,,! ,,alex&rians4 ,z ! f\nd] ( y\r city 0 ,alex&]1 & y\r rul] & tutel> deity ,k+ ,s]apis1 toge!r ) ! virg9 8 associate1 & ! que5 ( all ,egypt1 ,isis1 99 99 991 y d n emulate a heal?y city1 b ! diseas$ "p d>es to arrogate to itself ! "n ( ! :ole city4 ,by ! gods1 ,m5 ( ,alex&ria1 ,i %\ld be v mu* a%am$1 if1 9 %ort1 any ,alex&rian %\ld ackn[l$ge himself to be a ,galilaean4 ,! ance/ors ( ! ,hebrews 7 =m]ly slaves to ! ,egyptians4 ,b n[1 ,m5 ( ,alex&ria1 y1 ! conqu]ors ( ,egypt 7= ,egypt 0 conqu]$ by y\r f\nd]71 su/a9 a volunt>y s]vitude to ! despis]s ( y\r national dogmas1 9 opposition to y\r anci5t sacr$ in/itutions4 ,& y d n recollect y\r =m] #fj felicity1 :5 all ,egypt _h communion ) ! gods1 & we enjoy$ an abundance ( good4 ,b1 tell me1 :at advantage has accru$ to y\r city f ^? :o n[ introduce among y a new religion8 ,y\r f\nd] 0 t pi\s man ,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 :o did n1 by ,jupit]6 resemble any "o ( ^!1 or any ( ! ,hebrews1 :o f> excell$ !m4 ,ev5 ,ptolemy1 ! son ( ,lagus1 0 also sup]ior to !m4 ,z to ,alex&]1 if he _h enc\nt]$1 he w\ld h endang]$ ev5 ! ,romans4 ,:at !n did ! ,ptolemies1 :o succe$$ y\r f\nd]8 ,educat+ y\r city1 l _! own daught]1 f h] infancy1 !y did n br+ h] to maturity by ! disc\rses ( ,jesus1 nor did !y con/ruct ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh :i* %e is n[ happy1 by ! doctr9e ( ! odi\s ,galilaeans4 ,?irdly3 ,aft] ! ,romans became its ma/]s1 tak+ x f ! bad gov]nm5t ( ! ,ptolemies1 ,augu/us visit$ y\r city1 & ?us address$ ! citiz5s3 ',m5 ( ,alex&ria1 ,i acquit y\r city ( all blame1 out ( reg>d to ! great god ,s]apis1 & also = ! sake ( ! p1 & ! gr&eur ( ! city4 ,a ?ird cause ( my k9dness to y is my fri5d ,areus4' ,?is ,areus1 ! companion ( ,augu/us ,caes>1 & a philosoph]1 0 y\r fell[-citiz54 #fa ,! p>ticul> fav\rs conf]r$ on y\r city by ! ,olympic gods 71 9 %ort1 su* z ^!4 ,_m m1 n to be prolix1 ,i omit4 ,b ^? bless+s :i* ! app>5t gods be/[ 9 common e day1 n on "o family1 nor on a s+le city1 b on ! :ole _w1 :y d y n ackn[l$ge8 ,are y alone ins5sible ( ! spl5d\r t fl[s f ! sun8 ,are y alone ignorant t summ] & w9t] are produc$ by him1 & t all ?+s are alone vivifi$ & alone g]m9ate f him8 ,d y n1 also1 p]ceive ! great advantages t accrue to y\r city f ! moon1 f him & by him ! fabricator ( all ?+s8 ,yet y d>e n wor%ip ei!r ( ^! deities2 b ?is ,jesus1 :om nei!r y nor y\r fa!rs h se51 y ?9k mu/ necess>ily be ,god ! ^w1 :ile him1 :om f et]nity e g5]ation ( mank9d has se51 & sees & v5]ates1 & by v5]at+ lives happily1 ,i mean ! mighty sun1 a liv+1 animat$1 intellectual1 & b5efic5t image ( ! intelligible ,fa!r1 y despise4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y li/5 to my admonitions1 y w by degrees return to tru?4 ,y w n w&] f ! "r pa?1 if y w be guid$ by him1 :o to ! tw5tie? ye> ( 8 age pursu$ t road1 b has n[ wor%ip$ ! gods = ne> twelve ye>s4 #fb ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,fragm5t ,,( ,,an ,,oration ,,or ,,epi/le ,,on ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,a ,,prie/4 ,if any are detect$ behav+ disord]ly to _! pr9ce1 !y are imm$iately puni%$2 b ^? :o refuse to approa* ! gods1 are possess$ by a tribe ( evil daemons1 :o driv+ _m ( ! a!i/s i4 e4 ( ! ,*ri/ians to di/raction1 make !m ?9k dea? desirable1 t !y may fly up into heav51 aft] hav+ =cibly dislodg$ _! s\ls4 ,"s ( !m pref] des]ts to t[ns2 b man1 be+ by nature a g5tle & social animal1 !y also are ab&on$ to evil daemons1 :o urge !m to ?is misan?ropy2 & _m ( !m99 h _h rec\rse to *a9s & coll>s4 ,?us1 on all sides1 !y are impell$ by an evil daemons1 to :om !y h volunt>ily surr5d]$ !mselves1 by =sak+ ! et]nal & savi\r gods4 ,/atues & alt>s1 & ! pres]vation ( ! unext+ui%$ fire1 & 9 %ort all su* p>ticul>s1 h be5 e/abli%$ by our fa!rs1 z symbols ( ! pres5ce ( ! gods2 n t we %\ld believe t ^! symbols are gods1 b t ?r\gh ^! we %\ld wor%ip ! gods4 ,= s9ce we are connect$ ) body1 x is also 99 i4 e4 ,! ,cappadocian monks & h]mits4 #fc necess>y t our wor%ip ( ! gods %\ld be p]=m$ 9 a corporeal mann]2 b !y are incorporeal4 ,& !y1 inde$1 h exhibit$ to u z ! fir/ ( /atues1 t :i* ranks z ! second g5us ( gods f ! fir/1 & :i* circul>ly revolves r\nd ! :ole ( heav5994 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 a corporeal wor%ip _c ev5 be paid to ^!1 because !y are naturally un9dig5t1 a ?ird k9d ( /atues 0 devis$ 9 ! e>?1 by ! wor%ip ( :i* we r5d] ! gods propiti\s to u4 ,= z ^? :o rev]5ce ! images ( k+s1 :o are n 9 want ( any su* rev]5ce1 at ! same "t attract to !mselves _! b5evol5ce2 ?us1 also1 ^? :o v5]ate ! /atues ( ! gods1 :o are n 9 want ( any ?+1 p]suade ! gods by ?is v5]ation to assi/ & be fav\rable to !m4 ,= alacrity 9 ! p]=mance ( ?+s 9 our p[] is a docum5t ( true sanctity2 & x is v evid5t t he :o accompli%es ! =m]1 w 9 a great] degree possess ! latt]4 ,b he :o despises ?+s 9 8 p[]1 & aft]w>ds pret5ds to desire impossibilities1 evid5tly does n pursue ! 99 ,mean+ ^? div9e bodies ! cele/ial orbs1 :i* 9 consequ5ce ( p>ticipat+ a div9e life f ! incorporeal p[]s f :i* !y are susp5d$1 may be v prop]ly call$ second>y gods4 #fd latt]1 b ov]looks ! =m]4 ,= ?\gh div9ity is n 9 want ( any ?+1 x does n foll[ t on ?is acc\nt no?+ is to be (f]$ to him4 ,= nei!r is he 9 want ( celebration ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( words4 ,:at !n8 ,is x1 !re=e1 reasonable t he %\ld also be depriv$ ( ?is8 ,by no means4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 is he to be depriv$ ( ! hon\r :i* is paid him ?r\gh works2 :i* hon\r has be5 legally e/abli%$1 n = ?ree or = ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 b 9 all prec$+ ages1 among all nations ( ! e>?4 ,b ! ,galilaeans w say1 ,o6 y :o h admitt$ into y\r s\l e multitude ( daemons1 :om1 ?\gh accord+ to y !y are =mless & unfigur$1 y h fa%ion$ 9 a corporeal resemblance1 x is n fit t hon\r %\ld be paid to div9ity ?r\gh su* works4 ,h[1 !n1 d we n consid] z wood & /ones ^? /atues :i* are fa%ion$ by ! h&s ( m58 ,o m /upid ?an ev5 /ones !mselves6 ,d y fancy t all m5 are to be drawn by ! nose z y are drawn by execrable daemonss1 s z to ?9k t ! artificial resemblances ( ! gods are ! gods !mselves8 ,look+1 !re=e1 to ! resemblances ( ! gods1 we d n ?9k !m to be ei!r /ones or wood2 = nei!r d we #fe ?9k t ! gods are ^! resemblances2 s9ce nei!r d we say t royal images are wood1 or /one1 or brass1 nor t !y are ! k+s !re=e1 b ! images ( k+s4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 loves 8 k+1 beholds ) pleasure ! image ( 8 k+2 :oev] loves 8 *ild is delight$ ) 8 image2 & :oev] loves 8 fa!r surveys 8 image ) delight4 ,h5ce1 also1 he :o is a lov] ( div9ity gladly surveys ! /atues & images ( ! gods2 at ! same "t v5]at+ & fe>+ ) a holy dread ! gods :o invisibly behold him994 ,if1 !re=e1 "s 99 ,! ,ca?olics h employ$ simil> argum5ts 9 def5ce ( ! rev]5ce :i* !y pay to ! images ( ! m5 :om !y call sa9ts4 ,b ! intellig5t read] ne$ n be told1 t x is "o ?+ to v5]ate ! images ( ^? div9e p[]s :i* proce$ f ! great fir/ ,cause ( all ?+s1 & et]nally subsi/ conc5trat$ & root$ 9 him1 & ano!r to rev]5ce ! images ( m51 :o :5 liv+ 7 ! disgrace ( human nature4 ,9 addition to :at is said by ,julian on ?is subject1 ! foll[+ extract f ! treatise ( ,sallu/1 on ! ,gods1 & ! ,_w1 is well wor?y ! att5tive p]usal ( ! read]3 ,a div9e nature is n indig5t ( any ?+2 b ! hon\rs :i* we pay to ! gods are p]=m$ = ! sake ( our advantage4 ,& s9ce ! provid5ce ( ! gods is ev]y:]e ext5d$1 a c]ta9 habitude or fitness is all t is requisite1 9 ord] to receive _! b5efic5t communications4 ,b all habitude is produc$ ?r\gh imitation & similitude4 ,h5ce temples imitate ! heav5s1 b alt>s1444 #ff "o %\ld fancy t ^! ought nev] to be corrupt$1 because !y 7 once call$ ! images ( ! gods1 su* a "o appe>s to me to be p]fectly void ( intellect4 ,= if ?is 7 admitt$1 x is also requisite t !y %\ld n be made by m54 ,t1 h[ev]1 :i* is produc$ by a wise & good man may be corrupt$ by a deprav$ & ignorant man4 ,b ! gods :i* circul>ly revolve ab\t ! heav5s1 & :i* are liv+ /atues1 fa%ion$ by ! gods !mselves z resemblances ( _! unapp>5t ess5ce1--^! rema9 = ev]4 ,no "o1 !re=e1 %\ld disbelieve 9 ! gods1 9 consequ5ce ( see+ & he>+ t "s p]sons h behav$ insol5tly t[>ds /atues & temples4 ,= h !re n be5 _m :o h de/roy$ good m51 su* z ,socrates & ,dion1 & ! great ,emp$otimus8 ,& :o1 ,i well "k1 h1 m ?an /atues or temples1 be5 tak5 c>e ( by ! gods4 ,see1 h[ev]1 t ! gods1 kn[+ ! body ( ^! to 444! e>?2 /atues resemble life1 & on ?is acc\nt !y are simil> to animals4 ,pray]s imitate t :i* is intellectual2 b *>act]s1 sup]ior ineffable p[]s4 ,h]bs & /ones resemble matt]2 & animals :i* are sacrific$1 ! irrational life ( our s\ls4 ,b1 f all ^!1 no?+ happ5s to ! gods beyond :at !y already possess2 = :at accession c be made to a div9e nature8 ,b a conjunction ) our s\ls & ! gods is by ^! means produc$4 #fg be corruptible1 h grant$ t x %\ld yield & be subs]vi5t to nature1 b aft]w>ds h puni%$ ^? by :om x 0 de/roy$2 :i* cle>ly happ5$ to be ! case ) all ! sacrilegi\s ( our "t4 ,let no "o1 !re=e1 deceive u by words1 nor di/urb u ) respect to provid5tial int]f]5ce4 ,= z to ! prophets ( ! ,jews1 :o reproa* u ) ?+s ( ?is k9d1 :at w !y say ( _! own temple1 :i* has be5 ?rice de/roy$1 b has n be5 s9ce1 ev5 to ! pres5t "t1 rebuilt8 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 say ?is z reproa*+ !m2 = ,i h ?\ght ( rebuild+ x1 aft] s long a p]iod1 9 hon\r ( ! div9ity :o is invok$ 9 x4 ,b ,i h m5tion$ ?is1 be+ will+ to %[1 t x is n possible = any ?+ human to be incorruptible2 & t ! prophets :o wrote ?+s ( ?is k9d 7 deliri\s1 & ! associates ( /upid old wom54 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 h9d]s1 ,i ?9k1 b t ,god may be great1 & yet he may n h wor?y int]pret]s ( 8 w4 ,b ?is is because !y h n deliv]$ _! s\l to be purifi$ by ! lib]al discipl9es2 nor _! eyes1 :i* are pr(\ndly clos$1 to be op5$2 nor ! d>kness :i* oppresses !m to be purg$ away4 ,h5ce1 l m5 :o survey a great light ?r\gh ?ick d>kness1 #fh nei!r see purely nor g5u9ely1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is d n conceive x to be a pure light1 b a fire1 & likewise p]ceiv+ no?+ ( all t surr\nds x1 !y l\dly exclaim1 ,be seiz$ ) horror1 be afraid1 fire1 flame1 dea?1 a knife1 a two-edg$ sword2 express+ by _m names ! "o noxi\s p[] ( fire4 ,( ^! m51 h[ev]1 x is bett] peculi>ly to obs]ve h[ mu* inf]ior _! tea*]s ( ! words ( ,god are to our poets4 ,,an ,,edict1 ,,=bidd+ ,,! ,,*ri/ians ,,to ,,tea* ,,! ,,life-,,rature ,,( ,,! ,,hea!ns4 ,we are ( op9ion t prop] erudition consi/s n 9 words1 nor 9 elegant & magnific5t language1 b 9 ! sane disposition ( an intellig5t s\l1 & 9 true op9ions ( good & evil1 & ( :at is beautiful & base4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 ?9ks "o ?+1 & tea*es ano!r to 8 foll[]s1 appe>s to be no less de/itute ( erudition ?an he is ( virtue4 ,ev5 9 trifles1 if ! m9d & tongue be at v>iance1 !re is "s k9d ( improbity4 ,b 9 affairs ( ! greate/ consequ5ce1 if a man ?9ks "o ?+1 & tea*es ano!r contr>y to :at he ?9ks1 9 :at respect does ?is diff] f ! conduct ( ^? mean-spirit$1 di%one/1 & ab&on$ trad]s1 :o g5]ally affirm :at !y "k to be false1 9 ord] to deceive & inveigle cu/om]s8 #fj ,all1 !re=e1 :o pr(ess to tea*1 ought to possess wor?y mann]s1 & %\ld nev] ent]ta9 op9ions opposite to ^? ( ! public2 b su* especially1 ,i ?9k1 ought to be ^? :o in/ruct y\?1 & expla9 to !m ! works ( ! anci5ts1 :e!r !y are orators or gramm>ians2 b p>ticul>ly if !y are sophi/s4 ,= ^! la/ affect to be ! tea*]s1 n only ( words1 b ( mann]s1 & ass]t t political philosophy is _! peculi> prov9ce4 ,:e!r1 !re=e1 ?is be true or n1 ,i %all n at pres5t consid]4 ,i comm5d ^? :o make su* speci\s promises1 & %\ld comm5d !m mu* m1 if !y did n falsify & contradict !mselves1 by ?9k+ "o ?+1 & tea*+ _! s*ol>s ano!r4 ,:at !n8 ,7 n ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,demo/h5es1 ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1 ,isocrates1 & ,lysias1 ! lead]s ( all erudition8 ,& did n "s ( !m consid] !mselves sacr$ to ,m]cury1 b o!rs to ! ,muses8 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 x is absurd = ^? :o expla9 _! works to despise ! gods :om !y hon\r$4 ,i d n mean 7= ,i ?9k x w\ld be absurd7 t !y %\ld *ange _! op9ions = ! sake ( in/ruct+ y\?2 b ,i give !m _! option1 ei!r n to tea* :at !y d n approve1 or1 if !y *oose to tea*1 fir/ to p]suade _! #gj s*ol>s t nei!r ,hom]1 nor ,hesiod1 nor any ( ^? :om !y exp\nd & *>ge ) impiety1 madness1 & error conc]n+ ! gods1 are really su* z !y repres5t !m to be4 ,= z !y receive a /ip5d1 & are ma9ta9$ by _! works1 if !y c act ) su* duplicity = a few dra*ms1 !y confess !mselves guilty ( ! mo/ sordid av>ice4 ,hi!rto1 inde$1 _m causes h prev5t$ _! resort+ to ! temples2 & ! dang]s t ev]y:]e imp5d$1 7 a plea = conceal+ ! mo/ true op9ions ( ! gods4 ,b n[1 s9ce ! gods h grant$ u lib]ty1 x seems to me absurd = any to tea* ^? ?+s to m5 :i* !y d n approve4 ,& if !y ?9k t ^? writ]s :om !y exp\nd1 & ( :om !y sit z int]pret]s1 are wise1 let !m fir/ zeal\sly imitate _! piety t[>ds ! gods4 ,b if !y ?9k !y h err$ 9 _! conceptions ( ! mo/ hon\rable natures ! gods1 let !m g into ! *ur*es ( ! ,galilaeans1 & !re exp\nd ,mat!w & ,luke1 by :om be+ p]suad$ y =bid sacrifices4 ,i wi% t y\r e>s & y\r tongues 7 7z y express x7 reg5]at$ 9 ^? ?+s ( :i* ,i wi% t myself1 & all :o 9 ?\ght & de$ are my fri5ds1 may always be p>tak]s4 #ga ,to ma/]s & tea*]s let ?is be a common law4 ,b let no y\?s be prev5t$ f resort+ to :atev] s*ools !y please4 ,x w\ld be z unreasonable to exclude *ildr51 :o "k n yet :at road to take1 f ! "r pa?1 z x w\ld be to lead !m by fe> & ) reluctance to ! religi\s rites ( _! c\ntry4 ,& ?\gh x w\ld be j to cure su* reluctance1 l madness1 ev5 by =ce1 yet let all be indulg$ ) t disease4 ,= ,i ?9k x is requisite to in/ruct1 & n to puni% ! ignorant4 #gb ,,app5dix ,,libanius',s ,,oration ,,= ,,! ,,temples994 ,! occasion ( ! oration 0 ?is4 ,9 ! reign ( ,!odosius sev]al hea!n temples1 "s ( !m v magnific5t1 7 pull$ d[n & de/roy$ 9 ! cities1 & especially 9 c\ntry-places1 by ! monks1 ) ! cons5t & connivance1 z ,libanius intimates1 ( ! bi%ops1 & )\t express ord] ( ! ,emp]or to t purpose4 ,( ?is ,libanius compla9s1 & implores ! ,emp]or's protection1 t ! temples may be pres]v$4 ,hav+ already1 ,o ,emp]or1 (t5 (f]$ advice :i* has be5 approv$ by y1 ev5 :5 o!rs h advis$ contr>y ?+s1 ,i come to y n[ ^u ! same design1 & ) ! same hopes1 t n[ especially y w be p]suad$ by me4 ,b if n1 d n judge ! speak] an 99 ,f ,dr4 ,l>dn]'s ,hea!n ,te/imonies4 #gc enemy to y\r int]e/s1 consid]+1 beside o!r ?+s1 ! great hon\r99 :i* y h conf]r$ ^u me1 & t x is n likely t he :o is "u s great obligations %\ld n love 8 b5efactor4 ,&1 = t v reason1 ,i ?9k x my duty to advise1 :]e ,i appreh5d ,i h some:at to (f] :i* may be ( advantage2 = ,i h no o!r way ( %[+ my gratitude to ! ,emp]or b by orations1 & ! c\nsel deliv]$ 9 !m4 ,i %all1 inde$1 appe> to _m to und]take a matt] full ( dang] 9 plead+ ) y = ! temples1 t !y may suff] no injury1 z !y n[ d4 ,b !y :o h su* appreh5sions seem to me to be v ignorant ( y\r true "*4 ,= ,i e/eem x ! "p ( an angry & sev]e disposition1 = any "o to res5t ! proposal ( c\nsel :i* he does n approve (3 b ! "p ( a mild & g5tle & equitable disposition1 su* z y\rs is1 b>ely to reject c\nsel n approv$ (4 ,= :5 x is 9 ! p[] ( him to :om ! address is made to embrace any c\nsel or n1 x is n reasonable to refuse a he>+ :i* c d no h>m2 nor yet to res5t & puni% ! proposal ( c\nsel1 if x appe> contr>y to 8 own judgm5t2 99 ,! (fice ( ,praefectus ,praetorio4 #gd :5 ! only ?+ t induc$ ! advis] to m5tion x1 0 a p]suasion ( its usefulness4 ,i entreat y1 !re=e1 ,o ,emp]or1 to turn y\r c\nt5ance to me :ile ,i am speak+1 & n to ca/ y\r eyes ^u ^? :o 9 _m ?+s aim to mole/ bo? y & me2 =asmu* z (t5times a look is ( great] effect ?an all ! =ce ( tru?4 ,i w\ld fur!r insi/1 t !y ought to p]mit me to deliv] my disc\rse quietly & )\t int]ruption2 & !n1 aft]w>ds1 !y may d _! be/ to confute u by :at !y h to say4 ,"h is a small brea* 9 ! ,oration4 ,b he seems to h begun 8 argum5t ) an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( temples1 t !y 7 fir/ ( all erect$ 9 c\ntry places4 ,m5 !n hav+ at fir/ secur$ !mselves 9 d5s & cottages1 & hav+ !re exp]i5c$ ! protection ( ! gods1 !y soon p]ceiv$ h[ b5eficial to mank9d _! fav\r mu/ be3 !y !re=e1 z may be sup-1 pos$1 erect$ to !m /atues & temples1 su* z !y c\ld 9 ^? e>ly times4 ,& :5 !y began to build cities1 ^u ! increase ( arts & sci5ces1 !re 7 _m temples on ! sides ( m\nta9s & 9 pla9s3 & 9 e city z !y built x next to ! walls 7 temples & sacr$ edifices rais$1 z ! beg9n+ ( ! re/ ( ! body4 ,= f su* gov]nors !y expect$ ! #ge greate/ security3 &1 if y survey ! :ole ,roman empire1 y w f9d ?is to be ! case e :]e4 ,= 9 ! city next to ! greate/ 99 !re are /ill "s temples99991 ?\gh !y are depriv$ ( _! hon\rs2 a few inde$ out ( _m1 b yet x is n q de/itute4 ,& ) ! aid ( ^! gods ! ,romans f\ght & conqu]$ _! enemies2 & hav+ conqu]$ !m1 !y improv$ _! condition1 & made !m happi] ?an !y 7 be=e _! defeat2 less5+ _! fe>s & mak+ !m p>tn]s 9 ! privileges ( ! commonweal?4 ,& :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 he999999 l$ ! ,gallic army ov]?rew him t _h affront$ him2 !y hav+ fir/ pray$ to ! gods = success be=e !y engag$4 ,b hav+ prevail$ ov] him :o at t "t gave prosp]ity to ! cities1 judg+ x = 8 advantage to h ano!r deity1 = ! build+ ( ! city :i* he !n design$ he made use ( ! sacr$ money1 b made no alt]ation 9 ! legal wor%ip4 ,! temples inde$ 7 impov]i%$1 b ! rites 7 /ill p]=m$ !re4 ,b :5 ! empire came to 8 son999999991 or r ! =m ( empire1 = ! gov]nm5t 0 really 9 ! h&s ( o!rs1 :o 99 ,he means ,con/ant9ople4 9999 ,he alludes to ! anci5t temples ( ,byzantium4 999999 ,con/ant9e4 99999999 ,con/antius4 #gh f ! beg9n+ _h be5 8 ma/]s1 & to :om he v\*saf$ equal p[] ) himself3 he !re=e be+ gov]n$ by !m1 ev5 :5 he 0 ,emp]or1 0 l$ into _m wrong actions1 & among o!rs to =bid sacrifices4 ,^! 8 c\s9991 possess$ ( e virtue1 re/or$3 :at he did o!rwise1 or int5d$ to d1 ,i omit at pres5t4 ,aft] 8 dea? 9 ,p]sia1 ! lib]ty ( sacrific+ rema9$ = "s "t3 b at ! in/igation ( "s innovators1 sacrifices 7 =bidd5 by ! two bro!rs99991 b n inc5se2--:i* /ate ( ?+s y\r law has ratifi$4 ,s t we h n m reason to be uneasy = :at is d5i$ u1 ?an to be ?ankful = :at is all[$4 ,y1 !re=e1 h n ord]$ ! temples to be %ut up1 nor =bidd5 any to frequ5t !m3 nor h y driv5 f ! temples or ! alt>s1 fire or frank9c5se1 or o!r hon\rs ( inc5se4 ,b ^? black-g>b$ p9999991 :o eat m ?an elephants1 & dem& a l>ge quantity ( liquor f ! p :o s5d !m dr9k = _! *ant+s1 b :o hide _! luxury by _! pale artificial c\nt5ances1--^! m51 ,o ,emp]or1 ev5 :il/ y\r law is 9 =ce1 run to ! temples1 br++ ) !m wood1 & /ones1 & iron1 & 99 ,julian4 9999,val5t9ian & ,val5s4 999999 ,! monks4 #gg :5 !y h n ^!1 h&s & feet4 ,!n foll[s a ,mysian prey991 ! ro(s are uncov]$1 walls are pull$ d[n1 images are c>ri$ (f1 & alt>s are ov]turn$3 ! prie/s all ! :ile mu/ be sil5t ^u pa9 ( dea?4 ,:5 !y h de/roy$ "o temple !y run to ano!r1 & a ?ird1 & trophies are erect$ ^u trophies3 :i* are all contr>y to y\r law4 ,?is is ! practice 9 cities1 b especially 9 ! c\ntries4 ,& !re are _m enemies e :]e4 ,aft] innum]able mis*iefs h be5 p]petrat$1 ! scatt]$ multitude unites & comes toge!r1 & !y require ( ea* o!r an acc\nt ( :at !y h done2 & he is a%am$ :o _c tell ( "s great injury :i* he has be5 guilty (4 ,!y1 !re=e1 spread !mselves ov] ! c\ntry l torr5ts1 wa/+ ! c\ntries toge!r ) ! temples3 = :]ev] !y demoli% ! temple ( a c\ntry1 at ! same "t ! c\ntry itself is bl9d$1 decl9es1 & dies4 ,=1 ,o ,emp]or1 ! temples are ! s\l ( ! c\ntry2 !y h be5 ! fir/ orig9al ( ! build+s 9 ! c\ntry1 & !y h subsi/$ = _m ages to ?is "t2 & 9 99 ,?is prov]bial expression took its rise f ! ,mysians1 :o1 9 ! abs5ce ( _! k+ ,telephus1 be+ plund]$ by _! neighb\rs1 made no resi/ance4 ,h5ce x came to be appli$ to any p]sons :o 7 passive "u injuries4 #gh !m are all ! husb&man's hopes1 conc]n+ m51 & wom51 & *ildr51 & ox51 & ! se$s & ! plants ( ! gr\nd4 ,:]ev] any c\ntry has lo/ its temples1 t c\ntry is lo/1 & ! hopes ( ! husb&m51 & ) !m all _! alacrity3 = !y suppose !y %all lab\r 9 va91 :5 !y are depriv$ ( ! gods :o %\ld bless _! lab\rs2 & ! c\ntry n be+ cultivat$ z usual1 ! tribute is dim9i%$4 ,?is be+ ! /ate ( ?+s1 ! husb&man is impov]i%$1 & ! rev5ue suff]s4 ,=1 be ! w ev] s good1 impossibilities are n to be surm\nt$4 ,( su* mis*iev\s consequ5ce are ! arbitr>y proce$+s ( ^? p]sons 9 ! c\ntry1 :o say1 '!y fight ) ! temples4' ,b t w> is ! ga9 ( ^? :o oppress ! inhabitants3 & robb+ ^! mis]able p ( _! goods1 & :at !y _h laid up ( ! fruits ( ! e>? = _! su/5ance1 !y g (f z ) ! spoils ( ^? :om !y h conqu]$4 ,nor are !y satisfi$ ) ?is1 = !y also seize ! l&s ( "s1 say+ x is sacr$3 & _m are depriv$ ( _! pat]nal inh]itance ^u a false pret5ce4 ,?us ^! m5 riot ^u o!r p's mis=tunes1 :o say !y wor%ip ,god ) fa/+4 ,& if !y :o are abus$ come to ! pa/or 9 ! city1 7= s !y call a man :o is n "o ( ! meeke/17 compla9+ ( ! inju/ice t has be5 done #gi !m1 ?is pa/or comm5ds ^!1 b rejects ! o!rs1 z if !y ought to ?9k !mselves happy t !y h suff]$ no m4 ,al?\gh1 ,o ,emp]or1 ^! also are y\r subjects1 & s mu* m pr(itable ?an ^? :o injure !m1 z labori\s m5 are ?an ! idle3 = !y are l bees1 ^! l drones4 ,moreov]1 if !y he> ( any l& :i* has any ?+ t c be plund]$1 !y cry pres5tly1 ',su* an "o sacrifice?1 & does abom9able ?+s1 & an army ought to be s5t aga9/ him4' ,& pres5tly ! re=m]s are !re3 = by ?is "n !y call _! depr$ators1 if ,i h n us$ too s(t a ^w4 ,"s ( ^! /rive to conceal !mselves & d5y _! proce$+s2 & if y call !m robb]s1 y affront !m4 ,o!rs glory & boa/1 & tell _! exploits to ^? :o are ignorant ( !m1 & say !y are m des]v+ ?an ! husb&m54 ,nev]!less1 :at is ?is b 9 "t ( peace to wage w> ) ! husb&m58 ,= x by no means less5s ^! evils t !y suff] f _! c\ntrym54 ,b x is really m griev\s to suff] ! ?+s :i* ,i h m5tion$ 9 a "t ( quiet1 f ^? :o ought to assi/ !m 9 a "t ( tr\ble4 ,= y1 ,o ,emp]or1 9 case ( a w> collect an army1 give out ord]s1 & d e ?+ suitable to ! em]g5cy4 ,& ! new works :i* y n[ c>ry on are design$ z a fur!r #hj security aga9/ our enemies1 t all may be safe 9 _! habitations1 bo? 9 ! cities & 9 ! c\ntry3 & !n if any enemies %\ld attempt inroads1 !y may be s5sible !y mu/ suff] loss r ?an ga9 any advantage4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t "s "u y\r gov]nm5t di/urb o!rs equally "u y\r gov]nm5t1 & p]mit !m n to enjoy ! common b5efits ( x8 ,h[ d !y n defeat y\r own c>e & provid5ce & lab\rs1 ,o ,emp]or8 ,h[ d !y n fight aga9/ y\r law by :at !y d8 ,b !y say1 ',we h only puni%$ ^? :o sacrifice1 & !reby transgress ! law1 :i* =bids sacrifices4' ,o ,emp]or1 :5 !y say ?is !y lie4 ,= no "o is s audaci\s1 & s ignorant ( ! proce$+s ( ! c\rts1 z to ?9k himself m p[]ful ?an ! law4 ,:5 #a say ! law1 ,i mean ! law aga9/ sacrifice4 ,c x be ?\ght1 t !y :o are n able to be> ! sight ( a collector s cloak1 %\ld despise ! p[] ( y\r gov]nm5t8 ,?is is :at !y say = !mselves4 ,& !y h be5 (t5 alleg$ to ,flavian99 himself1 & nev] h be5 confut$1 no n yet4 ,= ,i appeal to ! gu>dians ( ?is law3 ,:o has kn[n any ( ^? :om y h 99 ,bi%op ( ,antio* #ha plund]$ to h sacrific$ ^u ! alt>s1 s z ! law does n p]mit8 ,:at "y or old p]son1 :at man1 :at woman8 ,:o ( ^? inhabit+ ! same c\ntry1 & n agree+ ) ! sacrific]s 9 ! wor%ip ( ! gods8 ,:o ( _! neighb\rs8 ,= envy & jeal\sy are common 9 neighb\rhoods4 ,:5ce "s w\ld gladly come z an evid5ce if any su* ?+ _h be5 done3 & yet no "o has appe>$1 nei!r f ! "o nor f ! o!r3 t is1 nei!r f ! c\ntry1 nor f ! neighb\rhood4 ,nor w !re ev] appe>1 = fe> ( p]jury1 n to say ! puni%m5t ( x4 ,:]e !n is ! tru? ( ?is *>ge1 :5 !y accuse ^? m5 ( sacrific+ contr>y to law8 ,b ?is %all n suffice = an excuse to ! ,emp]or4 ,"s "o !re=e may say3 ',!y h n sacrific$4' ,let x be grant$4 ,b ox5 h be5 kill$ at fea/s & ent]ta9m5ts & m]ry meet+s4 ,/ill !re is no alt> to receive ! blood1 nor a "p burn$1 nor d salt-cakes prec$e1 nor any libation foll[4 ,b if "s p]sons meet+ toge!r 9 "s pleasant field kill a calf1 or a %eep1 or bo?1 & roa/+ "p & broil+ ! re/1 h eat x "u a %ade ^u ! gr\nd1 ,i d n "k t !y h act$ contr>y to any laws4 ,= nei!r h y1 ,o ,emp]or1 =bid #hb ^! ?+s by y\r law2 b m5tion+ "o ?+1 :i* ought n to be done1 y h p]mitt$ e ?+ else4 ,s t ?\gh !y %\ld h fea/$ toge!r ) all sorts ( inc5se1 !y h n transgress$ ! law1 ev5 ?\gh 9 t fea/ !y %\ld all h sung & invok$ ! gods4 ,unless y ?9k fit to accuse ev5 _! private me?od ( eat+1 by :i* x has be5 cu/om>y = ! inhabitants ( sev]al places 9 ! c\ntry to assemble toge!r 9 ^? places :i* are ! m consid]able1 on holidays1 & hav+ sacrific$1 to fea/ toge!r4 ,?is !y did :il/ ! law p]mitt$ !m to d x4 ,s9ce t1 ! lib]ty has cont9u$ = all ! re/ except sacrific+4 ,:51 !re=e1 a fe/ival day invit$ !m1 !y accept$ ! invitation1 & ) ^? ?+s :i* might be done )\t (f5ce or dang]1 !y h hon\r$ bo? ! day & ! place4 ,b t !y v5tur$ to sacrifice1 no "o has said1 nor he>d1 nor prov$1 nor be5 cr$it$3 nor h any ( _! enemies pret5d$ to affirm x ^u ! gr\nd ( 8 own sight1 nor any cr$ible acc\nt he has receiv$ ( x4 ,!y w fur!r say3 ',by ?is means "s h be5 conv]t$1 & br\ght to embrace ! same religi\s s5tim5ts ) !mselves4' ,be n deceiv$ by :at !y say2 !y only pret5d x1 b are n conv9c$3 = !y are av]se to #hc no?+ m ?an ?is1 ?\gh !y say ! contr>y4 ,= ! tru? is1 !y h n *ang$ ! objects ( _! wor%ip1 b only appe> to h done s4 ,!y jo9 !mselves ) !m 9 appe>ance1 & outw>dly p]=m ! same ?+s t !y d3 b :5 !y are 9 a pray+ po/ure1 !y address to no "o1 or else !y invoke ! gods2 n rightly inde$ 9 su* a place1 b yet !y invoke !m4 ,:]e=e z 9 a trag$y he :o acts ! "p ( a k+ is n a k+1 b ! same p]son he 0 be=e he assum$ ! "*1 s e "o ( ^! keeps himself ! same he 01 ?\gh he seems to !m to be *ang$4 ,& :at advantage h !y by ?is1 :5 ! pr(ession only is ! same ) !irs1 b a real agreem5t ) !m is want+8 = ^! are ?+s to :i* m5 ought to be p]suad$1 n compell$4 ,& :5 a man _c accompli% t1 & yet w practise ?is1 no?+ is effect$1 & he may p]ceive ! weakness ( ! attempt4 ,x is said t ?is is n p]mitt$ by _! own laws1 :i* comm5d p]suasion1 & condemn compulsion4 ,:y !n d y run mad aga9/ ! temples8 ,:5 y _c p]suade1 y use =ce4 ,9 ?is y evid5tly transgress y\r own laws4 ,b !y say3 ',x is = ! good ( ! _w1 & ! m5 9 x1 t !re %\ld be no temples4' #hd ,"h1 ,o ,emp]or1 ,i ne$ fre$om ( spee*2 = ,i fe> le/ ,i %\ld (f5d4 ,let !n any ( !m tell me1 :o h left ! tongs & ! hamm] & ! anvil1 & pret5d to talk ( ! heav5s1 & ( !m t dwell !re1 :at rites ! ,romans foll[$1 :o arose f small & mean beg9n+s1 & w5t on prevail+1 & grew great2 !irs1 or ^!1 ^: are ! temples & ! alt>s1 f :om !y knew by ! soo?say]s1 :at !y ought to d1 or n to d8 ,"h ,libanius in/ance? 9 ! successes ( ,agamemnon aga9/ ,troy2 & ( ,h]cules be=e1 aga9/ ! same place2 & "s o!r ?+s4 ,& _m o!r w>s might be m5tion$1 :i* h be5 successfully conduct$1 & aft] t peace obta9$1 by ! fav\r & "u ! direction ( ! gods4 ,b1 :at is ! mo/ consid]able ( all1 !y :o seem$ to despise ?is way ( wor%ip1 h hon\r$ x aga9/ _! w4 ,:o are !y8 ,!y :o h n v5tur$ to =bid sacrifices at ,rome4 ,b if all ?is affair ( sacrifices be a va9 ?+1 :y has n ?is va9 ?+ be5 prohibit$8 ,& if x be hurtful likewise1 :y n mu* m8 ,b if 9 ! sacrifices !re p]=m$ consi/s ! /ability ( ! empire1 x ought to be reckon$ b5eficial to sacrifice e :]e2 & to be all[$ t ! daemonss at ,rome conf] great] b5efits1 ^! 9 ! c\ntry & o!r cities less4 ,?is is #he :at may be reasonably grant$3 = 9 an army all are n equal2 yet 9 a battle ! help ( ea* "o is ( use3 ! l may be said ( r[]s 9 a vessel4 ,s "o daemons def5ds ! sceptre ( ,rome1 ano!r protects a city subject to x1 ano!r pres]ves ! c\ntry & gives x felicity4 ,let !re !n be temples e :]e4 ,or let ^? m5 confess1 t y are n well affect$ to ,rome 9 p]mitt+ h] to d ?+s by :i* %e suff]s damage4 ,b nei!r is x at ,rome only t ! lib]ty ( sacrific+ rema9s1 b also 9 ! city ( ,s]apis991 t great & popul\s city1 :i* has a multitude ( temples1 by :i* x r5d]s ! pl5ty ( ,egypt common to all m54 ,?is pl5ty is ! "w ( ! ,nile4 ,x !re=e celebrates ! ,nile1 & p]suades him to rise & ov]fl[ ! fields4 ,if ^? rites 7 n p]=m$1 :5 & by :om !y ought1 he w\ld n d s4 ,:i* !y !mselves seem to be s5sible (1 :o will+ly en\gh aboli% su* ?+s1 b d n aboli% ^!2 b p]mit ! riv] to enjoy 8 anci5t rites1 = ! sake ( ! b5efit he af=ds4 ',:at !n1' "s w say3 ',s9ce !re is n 9 e c\ntry a riv] to d :at ! ,nile does 99 i4 e4 ,alex&ria4 ,! temple ( ,s]apis 0 de/roy$ 9 #cia4 #hf = ! e>?1 !re is no reason = temples 9 ^? places4 ,let !m !re=e suff] :at ^! good p ?9k fit4' ,:om ,i w\ld will+ly ask ?is "q3 ,:e!r1 *ang+ _! m9d1 !y w d>e to say1 ,let !re be an end ( ^! ?+s done by or = ! ,nile3 let n ! e>? p>take ( 8 wat]s3 let no?+ be s[n nor reap$3 let him af=d no corn1 nor any o!r product1 nor let ! mud ov]fl[ ! :ole l&1 z at pres5t4 ,if !y d>e n own ?is1 by :at !y =be> to say !y confute :at !y d say3 = !y :o d n affirm t ! ,nile ought to be depriv$ ( 8 hon\rs1 confess t ! hon\rs paid to ! temples are useful4 ,& s9ce !y m5tion him99 :o spoil$ ! temples ( _! rev5ues & gifts1 we %all omit obs]v+ t he did n proce$ to ! tak+ away ! sacrifices4 ,b :o ev] suff]$ a great] puni%m5t = tak+ away ! sacr$ money out ( ! temples1 p>tly 9 :at he br\ght ^u himself2 p>tly 9 :at he suff]$ aft] 8 dea?1 insomu* t 8 family de/roy$ "o ano!r1 till !re 7 none left8 ,& x _h be5 mu* bett] = him t "s ( 8 po/]ity %\ld reign1 ?an to enl>ge ) build+s a city ( 99 ,con/ant9e #hg 8 own "n3 = ! sake ( :i* city itself all m5 /ill curse 8 memory1 except ^? :o live !re 9 wick$ luxury1 because by _! pov]ty ^! h _! abundance4 ,& s9ce next to him !y m5tion 8 son 991 & h[ he de/roy$ ! temples1 :5 !y :o poll$ !m d[n took no less pa9s 9 de/roy+ !m1 ?an ! build]s _h done 9 rais+ !m1---s labori\s a "w 0 x to sep>ate ! /ones cem5t$ by ! /ronge/ b&s2--s9ce1 ,i say1 !y m5tion ^! ?+s1 ,i w m5tion some:at yet m consid]able4 ,t he inde$ made pres5ts ( ! temples to ^? :o 7 ab\t him1 j z he might give a horse1 or a slave1 or a dog1 or a gold5 cup2 b !y 7 unhappy pres5ts to bo? ! giv] & ! receiv]s ( !m3 = he sp5t all 8 life 9 fe> ( ! ,p]sians1 dread+ all _! motions z *ildr5 d bugbe>s4 ,( :om1 "s 7 *ildless1 & di$ mis]ably inte/ate2 & o!rs _h bett] nev] h _h *ildr53 ) su* infamy & mutual discord d !y live toge!r :o desc5d f !m1 :il/ !y dwell among sacr$ pill>s tak5 f ! temples4 ,to :om ,i ?9k ^! ?+s are ow+1 :o kn[+ h[ to enri* !mselves1 h taught 99 ,con/antius4 #hh _! *ildr5 ?is way to happ9ess6 ,& at ?is "t _! di/emp]s c>ry "s ( !m to ,cilicia1 ne$+ ! help ( ,a,esculapius4 ,b in/ead ( obta9+ relief1 !y meet ) affronts only = ! injury done to ! place4 ,h[ c su* return )\t curs+ ! au?or ( ^! evils8 ,b let ! conduct ( ?is ,emp]or be su* z to des]ve praises liv+ & dead2 su* z we "k he99 0 :o succe$$ him2 :o _h ov]turn$ ! ,p]sian empire if trea*]y _h n prev5t$ x4 ,nev]!less he 0 great 9 8 dea?1 = he 0 kill$ by trea*]y1 z ,a*illes also 02 & is applaud$ = t1 z well z = :at he did be=e 8 dea?4 ,?is has he f ! gods1 to :om he re/or$ _! rites1 & hon\rs1 & temples1 & alt>s1 & blood3 f :om hav+ he>d1 t he %\ld humble ! pride ( ,p]sia1 & !n die1' he pur*as$ ! glory ( 8 life1 tak+ _m cities1 subdu+ a l>ge tract ( l&1 tea*+ 8 pursu]s to fly2 & 0 ab\t to receive1 z all "k1 an embassy :i* w\ld h br\ght ! submission ( ! enemy4 ,:]e=e he 0 pleas$ ) 8 w\nd1 & look+ ^u x rejoic$1 & )\t any te>s rebuk$ ^? :o wept1 = n ?9k+ t a w\nd 0 bett] to him ?an any old age4 ,s t ! embassies s5t aft] 8 dea? 7 all 99 ,julian4 #hj 8 "r4 ,& ! reason :y ! ,a*em5idae99 = ! future made use ( entreaties in/ead ( arms1 0 t ! fe> ( him /ill possess$ _! m9ds4 ,su* an "o 0 he :o re/or$ to u ! temples ( ! gods1 :o did ?+s too good to be =gott51 himself above all oblivion4 ,b ,i ?\ght t he9999 :o reign$ lately w\ld pull d[n & burn ! temples ( ^? :o 7 ( ! opposite s5tim5t1 z he knew h[ to despise ! gods4 ,b he 0 bett] ?an expectation1 sp>+ ! temples ( ! enemies1 & n disda9+ to run "s haz>ds = pres]v+ ^? ( 8 own dom9ions1 :i* _h long s9ce be5 erect$ ) mu* lab\r & at va/ exp5se4 ,= if cities are to be pres]v$ e :]e1 & "s cities out%9e o!rs by means ( _! temples1 & ^! are _! *ief ornam5ts1 next to ! ,emp]or's palaces1--h[ is x t no c>e mu/ be tak5 ( ^!1 nor any endeav\rs us$ to pres]ve !m 9 ! body ( ! cities8 ,b x is said3 ',!re w be o!r edifices1 ?\gh !re %\ld be no temples4' ,b ,i ?9k tribute to be ( importance to ! treasury4 ,let 99 ,ano!r "n = ! ,p]sians4 9999 ,val5s4 #ij ^! /& !n1 & be tax$4 ,d we ?9k x a cruel ?+ to cut (f a man's h&1 & a small matt] to pluck out ! eyes ( cities8 ,& d we n lam5t ! ru9s made by e>?quakes8 & :5 !re are no e>?quakes1 nor o!r accid5ts1 %all we ourselves d :at !y are wont to effect8 ,are n ! temples ! possession ( ! ,emp]ors z well z o!r ?+s8 ,is x ! "p ( wise m5 to s9k _! own goods8 ,does n e "o suppose him to be di/ract$1 :o ?r[s 8 purse into ! sea8 ,or if ! ma/] ( ! %ip 0 to cut ^? ropes :i* are ( use to ! %ip2 or if any "o %\ld ord] a m>9] to ?r[ away 8 o>1--w\ld y ?9k x an absurdity8 & yet ?9k x prop] = a magi/rate to deprive a city ( su* a "p ( x8 ,:at reason is !re = de/roy+ t1 ! use ( :i* may be *ang$8 ,w\ld x n be %ameful = an army to fight aga9/ its own walls8 & = a g5]al to excite !m aga9/ :at !y h rais$ ) great lab\r2 ! f9i%+ ( :i* 0 a fe/ival = ^? :o !n reign$8 ,let no man ?9k1 ,emp]or1 t ?is is a *>ge br\ght aga9/ y4 ,= !re lies 9 ru9s1 9 ! ,p]sian bord]s1 a temple991 to :i* !re is none l1 z may be le>n$ f ^? :o saw x1 s magnific5t ! /one "w1 & 9 99 ,probably ! temple at ,odessa4 #ia compass equal to ! city4 ,!re=e 9 "t ( w> ! citiz5s ?\ght _! enemies w\ld ga9 no?+ by tak+ ! t[n1 s9ce !y c\ld n take t likewise1 z ! /r5g? ( its =tifications bid defiance to all _! attacks4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 x 0 attack$1 & ) a fury equal to ! greate/ enemies1 animat$ by ! hopes ( ! ri*e/ plund]4 ,i h he>d x disput$1by "s1 9 :i* /ate x 0 ! greate/ wond]2 :e!r n[ t x is no m1 or :5 x _h suff]$ no?+ ( ?is k9d1 l ! temple ( ,s]apis4 ,b t temple1 s magnific5t & s l>ge1 n to m5tion ! wond]ful /ructure ( ! ro(1 & ! _m brass /atues1 n[ hid 9 d>kness out ( ! light ( ! sun1 is q p]i%$2 a lam5tation to !m :o h se5 x1 a pleasure to !m :o nev] saw x4 ,= ! eyes & e>s are n alike affect$ ) ^! ?+s4 ,or r to ^? :o h n se5 x1 x is bo? sorr[ & pleasure3 ! "o because ( its fall1 ! o!r because _! eyes nev] saw x4 ,nev]!less1 if x be rightly consid]$1 ?is "w is n y\rs1 b ! "w ( a man 99 :o has deceiv$ y2 a pr(ane wret*1 an enemy ( ! gods1 base1 covet\s1 ungrateful to ! e>? t receiv$ him :5 born1 advanc$ )\t m]it1 & abus+ 8 greatness1 :5 advanc$2 99 ,probably ,cynegius1 ! ,emp]or's lieut5ant4 #ic a slave to 8 wife1 gratify+ h] 9 any ?+1 & e/eem+ h] all ?+s1 9 p]fect subjection to !m99 :o direct ^! ?+s1 ^: only virtue lies 9 we>+ ! habit ( m\rn]s2 b especially to ^? ( !m :o also weave co>se g>m5ts4 ,?is workh\se9999 delud$1 impos$ ^u him1 & misl$ him2 & x is said t _m gods h be5 deceiv$ by gods2 = !y gave out1 't ! prie/s sacrific$1 & s ne> !m t ! smoke rea*$ _! noses3' & aft] ! mann] ( "s simple p1 !y enl>ge & height5 matt]s1 & vaunt !mselves z if !y ?\ght no?+ 0 above _! p[]4 ,by su* fiction1 & contrivance1 & artful /ories1 prop] to excite displeasure1 !y p]suad$ ! milde/ fa!r ( 8 p among ! ,emp]ors9999994 ,= ^! 7 really 8 virtues1 humanity1 t5d]ness1 compassion1 mildness1 equity1 :o _h r save ?an de/roy4 ,b !re 7 ^? :o gave li/] c\nsel2 t if su* a ?+ _h be5 done1 ! attempt %\ld be puni%$1 & c>e tak5 to prev5t ! l = "t to come4 ,yet he :o ?\ght he ought to h a ,cadmean victory1 c>ri$ on 8 conque/4 ,b aft] he _h tak5 8 own pleasures1 he %\ld h provid$ = 8 99 ,! monks4 9999,! mona/]y4 999999 ,probably ,val5s4 #ic p1 & n h desir$ to appe> great to ^? :o %un ! lab\rs ( ! c\ntry1 & conv]se 9 ! m\nta9s 991 z !y say1 ) ! ,mak] ( all ?+s4 ,b let y\r actions appe> excell5t & praisewor?y to all m54 ,!re are at ?is "t _m1 s f> fri5ds z to receive & empty y\r treasures1 & to :om y\r empire is de>] ?an _! own s\ls2 b :5 ! "t comes t good c\nsel & real s]vices are want$1 !y h no conc]n ^u !m b to take c>e ( !mselves2 & if any "o comes to !m1 & inquires :at ?is means1 !y excuse !mselves z free f all fault4 ,!y dis[n :at !y h done1 or pret5d 't !y h obey$ ! ,emp]or's ord]2 & if !re is any blame1 he mu/ see to x4' ,su* ?+s !y say1 :5 x is !y :o are f\nd guilty1 :o c give no acc\nt ( _! actions4 ,= :at acc\nt c be giv5 ( su* mis*iefs8 ,^! m5 be=e o!rs d5y ?is to be _! own "w4 ,b :5 !y address y alone1 )\t witnesses1 !y say1 '!y h be5 9 ?is w> s]v+ y\r family4' ,!y w\ld deliv] y\r h\se f ^? :o by l& & sea endeav\r to def5d y\r p]son2 ?an :i* !re is no?+ great] y c receive f !m4 ,= ^! m51 "u ! "n ( fri5ds & protectors1 99 ,he ref]s to ! monks ne> ,antio*1 #id tell+ /ories ( ^? by :om !y say !y h be5 injur$1 improve y\r cr$ulity into an occasion ( do+ m mis*ief4 ,b ,i return to !m1 to demon/rate _! inju/ice by :at !y h said3 ,say !n1 = :at reason y de/roy$ t great temple8 ,n because ! ,emp]or approv$ ! do+ x4 ,!y :o pull d[n a temple h done no wrong if ! ,emp]or has ord]$ x to be done4 ,!re=e !y :o pull$ x d[n did n d wrong by do+ :at ! ,emp]or approv$ (4 ,b he :o does t :i* is n approv$ by ! ,emp]or1 does ,wrong2 does he n8 ,y1 !n1 are ! m5 :o h no?+ ( ?is to say = :at y h done4 ,tell me :y ?is temple ( ,=tune is safe8 & ! temple ( ,jupit]1 & ( ,m9]va1 & ( ,bac*us8 ,is x because y w\ld h !m rema98 ,no1 b because no "o has giv5 y p[] ov] !m2 :i*1 nev]!less1 y h assum$ aga9/ ^? :i* y h de/roy$4 ,h[1 !n1 are y n liable to puni%m5t8 or h[ c y pret5d t :at y h done is "r1 :5 ! suff]]s h done no wrong8 ,( :i* *>ge !re w\ld h be5 "s appe>ance1 if y1 ,o ,emp]or1 _h publi%$ an edict to _! purpose3 ',let no man )9 my empire believe 9 ! gods1 nor wor%ip !m1 nor ask any #ie good ?+ ( !m1 nei!r = himself1 nor = 8 *ildr51 unless x be done 9 sil5ce & privately3 b let all pres5t !mselves at ! places :]e ,i wor%ip1 & jo9 9 ! rites !re p]=m$4 ,& let !m (f] ! same pray]s :i* !y d1 & b[ ! head at ! h& ( him :o directs ! multitude4 ,:oev] transgresses ?is law1 %all be put to dea?4' ,x 0 easy = y to publi% su* a law z ?is2 b y h n done x2 nor h y 9 ?is matt] laid a yoke ^u ! s\ls ( m54 ,b ?\gh y ?9k "o way bett] ?an ! o!r1 yet y d n judge t o!r to be an impiety1 = :i* a man may be ju/ly puni%$4 ,nor h y exclud$ ^? ( t s5tim5t f hon\rs1 b h conf]r$ ^u !m ! highe/ (fices1 & h giv5 !m access to y\r table1 to eat & dr9k ) y4 ,?is y h done =m]ly1 & at ?is "t2 beside o!rs1 y h associat$ to y\rself 7?9k+ x advantage\s to y\r gov]nm5t7 a man1 :o swe>s by ! gods1 bo? be=e o!rs1 & be=e y\rself3 & y are n (f5d$ at x2 nor d y ?9k y\rself injur$ by ^? oa?s3 nor d y acc\nt him a wick$ man :o place? 8 be/ hopes 9 ! gods4 ,:51 !re=e1 y d n reject u1 z nei!r did he :o subdu$ ! ,p]sians by arms reject ^? ( 8 subjects :o diff]$ f him 9 ?is matt]1 :at pret5ce h ^! to reject u8 #if ,h[ c ^! m5 reject _! fell[-subjects1 diff]+ f !m 9 ?is matt]8 ,by :at "r d !y make ^! incursions8 ,h[ d !y seize o!r m5's goods ) ! indignation ( ! c\ntries8 ,h[ d !y de/roy "s ?+s1 & c>ry (f o!rs8 add+ to ! injury ( _! actions ! insol5ce ( glory+ 9 !m4 ,we1 ,o ,emp]or1 if y approve & p]mit ^! ?+s1 w be> !m2 n )\t grief inde$2 b yet we w %[ t we h le>n$ to obey4 ,b if y give !m no p[]1 & yet !y come & invade our small rema9+ sub/ance1 or our walls3 ,"k1 t ! own]s ( ! c\ntries w def5d !mselves4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,b+ham',s ,,antiquities ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*991 ,,( ,,! ,,names ,,( ,,reproa* ,,:i* ,,! ,,jews1 ,,infidels1 ,,& ,,h]etics ,,ca/ ,,^u ,,! ,,*ri/ians4 ,besides ! names already spok5 (1 !re 7 "s o!r reproa*ful names ca/ ^u !m by _! adv]s>ies1 :i* x w n be improp] "h to m5tion4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ,naz>5s1 a 99 ,! edition f :i* ^! ,extracts are tak5 x 9 "o vol4 #hvo1 ,london1 #agjh1 & beg9s at p4 #ac4 #ig "n ( reproa* giv5 !m fir/ by ! ,jews1 by :om !y are /yl$ ! sect ( ! ,naz>5s1 ,acts xxiv4 #e4 ,!re 0 inde$ a p>ticul> h]esy1 :o call$ !mselves --------3 & ,epiphanius99 ?9ks ! ,jews _h a m especial spite at !m1 because !y 7 a sort ( ,jewi% apo/ates1 :o kept circumcision & ! ,mosaical rites toge!r ) ! ,*ri/ian religion3 & !re=e1 he says1 !y 7 us$ to curse & ana!matize !m ?ree times a day1 morn+1 noon1 & ev5+1 :5 !y met 9 _! synagogues to pray1 9 ?is direful =m ( execration1' --------1 ',s5d ?y curse1 ,o ,god1 ^u ! ,naz>5s4' ,b ,/4 ,j]ome9999 says ?is 0 levell$ at ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al1 :om !y ?us ana!matiz$ "u ! "n ( ,naz>5s4 ,& ?is seems mo/ probable1 because bo? z ,/4 ,j]ome999999 & ,epiphanius himself99999999 obs]ve1 ! ,jews t]m$ all ,*ri/ians by way ( reproa*1 ,naz>5s4 ,& ! ,g5tiles took x f ! ,jews1 z appe>s f t ( 99 ,epiphan4 ,ha]4 #bi4 n4 #i4 9999 ,hi]on4 ,com4 9 ,esa4 xlix4 t #e4 p4 #agh4 ,t] p] t+ulos dies sub nom9e ,nazai5orum mal$icunt 9 synagogis suis4 999999 ,id4 de loc4 ,hebr4 t4 #c4 p4 #bhi4 ,nos apnd vet]ei quasi opprobrio ,naz>aei dicebamur1 quos nunc ,*ri/ianos vocant4 99999999 ,epiphan4 ibid4 #ih ,datianus ! praetor 9 ,prud5tius991 :]e speak+ to ! ,*ri/ians he gives !m ! "n ( ,naz>5s4 ,"s9999 ?9k ! ,*ri/ians at fir/ 7 v free to own ?is "n1 & e/eem$ x no reproa*1 till su* "t z ! h]esy ( ! ,naz>5s broke out1 & !n 9 dete/ation ( t h]esy !y =sook t "n1 & call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,acts xi4 #bf4 ,b :e!r ?is be said accord+ to ! exact rules ( *ronology1 ,i leave ^? t are bett] skill$ to det]m9e4 ,ano!r "n ( reproa* 0 t ( ,galilaeans1 :i* 0 ,julian's ord9>y /yle1 :5ev] he spake ( ,*ri/ or ,*ri/ians4 ,?us 9 8 ,dialogue ) old ,m>is a bl9d ,*ri/ian bi%op1 m5tion$ by ,sozom59999991 he told him by way ( sc(f1 ,?y ,galilaean ,god w n cure !e4 ,& aga91 9 8 epi/le99999999 to ,arsacius high-prie/ ( ,galatia1 ,! ,galilaeans ma9ta9 _! own poor & ours also4 ,! l may be obs]v$ 9 ,socrates7v71 ,!odoret 7vi71 99 ,prud5t4 ---------4 ,c>m4 #e4 de ,s4 ,v9c5t4 ,vos ,naz>5i assi/ite1 ,rudemque ritum sp]nite4 ,id4 ,hymno #i4 de ,rom4 ,m>t4 9999 ,junius1 ,p>allel1 lib4 #a4 c4 #h4 ,godwyn1 ,jew4 ,rites1 lib4 #a4 c4 #h4 999999 ,sozom4 lib4 #e4 c4 #d4 99999999 ,a p4 ,sozom4 lib4 #e4 c4 #af4 7v7 ,socrat4 lib4 #c4 c4 #ab4 7vi7 ,!odor4 lib4 #c4 c #g4 #ca4 #ij ,*ryso/om991 & ,gregory ,nazianz599991 :o adds1 t he n only call$ !m ,galilaeans himself1 b made a law t no "o %\ld call !m by any o!r "n2 ?9k+ !reby to aboli% ! "n ( ,*ri/ians4 ,!y also call$ !m ,a!i/s1 & _! religion ! ,a!ism or ,impiety1 because !y d]id$ ! wor%ip ( ! hea!n gods4 ,dio999999 says1 ,acilius ,glabrio 0 put to dea? = a!ism1 mean+ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 ,a!nagoras99999999 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr7v71 ,arnobius7vi71 & o!rs1 reckon ?is among ! crimes :i* ! hea!ns usually lay to _! *>ge4 ,eusebius says7vii7 ! "n 0 become s common1 t :5 ! p]secut+ magi/rates w\ld oblige a ,*ri/ian to r5\nce 8 religion1 !y bade him abjure x 9 ?is =m1 by say+ among o!r ?+s1 -------- ',confusion to ! a!i/s1 ,away ) ! impi\s1' mean+ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,to ?is !y add$ ! "n ( ,greeks & ,impo/ors4 ,:i* is not$ by ,/4 ,j]ome7viii7 :o says 99 ,*rys4 ,horn4 #fc4 torn4 #e4 9999 ,naz4 i4 ,invectiv4 999999 ,dio 9 ,domitian4 99999999 ,a!n4 ,legat4 pro ,*ri/4 7v7 ,j4 ,apol4 i4 p4 #dg4 7vi7 ,arnob4 lib4 i4 7vii7 ,euseb4 lib4 iv4 c4 #ae4 7viii7 ,hi]on4 ,ep4 #aj4 ad ,furi>a4 ,ubicunque vid]9t #ajj :]esoev] !y saw a ,*ri/ian1 !y w\ld pres5tly cry out1 '--------1 ',behold a ,grecian impo/or4' ,?is 0 ! "* :i* ! ,jews gave our ,savi\r1 --------' t deceiv]991 ,matt1 xxvii4 #fc4 ,& ,ju/9 ,m>tyr9999 says1 !y endeav\r$ to propagate x to po/]ity1 s5d+ _! apo/les or emiss>ies f ,j]usalem to all ! synagogues 9 ! _w1 to bid !m bew>e ( a c]ta9 impi\s1 lawless sect1 lately ris5 up "u "o ,jesus1 a ,galilaean impo/or4 ,h5ce ,lucian999999 took occasion 9 8 blasphem\s raill]y to /yle him ,! crucifi$ sophi/]4 ,& ,celsus99999999 commonly gives him & 8 foll[]s ! "n ( -------- 'deceiv]s4' ,s ,asclepiades ! judge 9 ,prud5tius99999999 complim5ts !m ) ! appellation ( sophi/]s2 & ,ulpian7v7 proscribes !m 9 a law by ! "n ( impo/ors4 ,! reason :y !y add$ ! "n ( ,greeks 99 ,*ri/ianum1 /atim illud de ,trivio1 -------- vocant ,impo/orem4 9999 ,ju/94 ,dial4 c4 ,tryph4 p4 #cce4 999999 ,lucian4 ,p]egr94 99999999 ,cels4 ap4 ,orig4 lib4 i4 et lib4 #f4 7v7 ,prud5t4 --------4 ,c>m4 #i4 de ,romano ,m>ty4 ,quis hos ,sophi/as error invexit novus1 c4 7vi7 ,dige/1 lib4 #ej4 tit4 #ac4 c #a4 ,si incantavit1 si 9- precatus e/1 si 7ut vulg>i v]bo ,impo/oruxn ut>7 si exorcisavit #aja to t ( impo/ors1 0 7z le>n$ m599 conjecture7 because _m ( ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]s took ^u !m ! ,grecian or philosophic habit1 :i* 0 ! -------- or pallium3 :5ce ! ,greeks 7 call$ ,pallitati1 z ! ,romans 7 call$ ,togati1 or ,g5s togata1 f _! prop] habit1 :i* 0 ! toga4 ,n[ x be+ "s (f5ce to ! ,romans to see ! ,*ri/ians quit ! ,roman g[n1 to we> ! ,grecian cloak2 !y !nce took occasion1 to mock & d]ide !m ) ! scurril\s names ( ,greeks1 & ,grecian impo/ors4 ,t]tullian s book de ,pallio 0 writt5 to %[ ! spiteful malice ( ?is fooli% objection4 ,b ! hea!ns w5t "o /ep fur!r 9 _! malice2 & because our ,savi\r & 8 foll[]s did _m miracles1 :i* !y imput$ to evil arts & ! p[] ( magic1 !y !re=e g5]ally declaim$ aga9/ !m z magicians1 & "u t "* expos$ !m to ! fury ( ! vulg>4 ,celsus9999 & o!rs pret5d$ t our ,savi\r /udi$ magic 9 ,egypt3 & ,/4 ,au/9999999 says1 x 0 g5]ally believ$ among ! hea!ns1 t he 99 ,kor?olt de ,morib4 ,*ri/ian1 c4 #c4 p4 #bc4 ,b>on an4 #ef4 n4 #aa4 9999 ,orig54 cont4 ,cels4 lib4 #b4 ,arrobius1 lib4 #a4 p4 #cf4 999999 ,aug4 de ,cons5su ,evang4 lib4 #a4 c4 #i4 #ajb wrote "s books ab\t magic too1 :i* he deliv]$ to ,pet] & ,paul = ! use ( 8 disciples4 ,h5ce x 0 t ,suetonius99 speak+ 9 ! language ( 8 p>ty1 calls ! ,*ri/ians ,g5us hom9um sup]/ionis maleficae1 '! m5 ( ! magical sup]/ition4' ,z ,asclepiades ! judge 9 ,prud5tius9999 /yles ,/4 ,romanus ! m>tyr1 ,ar*-magician4 ,& ,/4 ,ambrose obs]ves 9 ! ,passion ( ,/4 ,agnes999999 h[ ! p cri$ out aga9/ h]1 ',away ) ! sorc]ess6 ,away ) ! en*ant]6 ',no?+ be+ m common ?an to t]m all ,*ri/ians1 especially su* z wr\ght miracles1 by ! odi\s "n ( sorc]]s & magicians4' ,! ,new ,sup]/ition 0 ano!r "n ( reproa* = ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,suetonius gives x t title999999991 & ,pl9y & ,tacitus add to x7v7 ! opprobri\s t]ms ( wick$ & unreasonable 99 ,sueton4 ,n]on4 c4 #af4 9999 ,prud5t4 ,hymn4 #i4 de ,s4 ,romano4 ,qu\sque t&em su m m u hic nobis ,magus illudit4 999999 ,ambr4 ,s]m4 #ij4 9 ,s4 ,agn54 ,tolle ,magam6 ,tolle ,maleticam6 99999999 ,see ,kor?olt de ,morib4 ,*ri/1 c4 #d4 7v7 ,sueton4 ,n]o4 c4 #af4 7vi7 ,pl94 lib4 #aj4 ep4 #ig4 ,nihil aliud inv5i1 quam sup]/itionem pravam et immodic>a4 ,tacit4 ,annal4 #ae4 c4 #dd4 ,exitiabilis sup]/itio4 #ajc sup]/ition4 ,by :i* "n also ,n]o triumph$ ov] x 9 8 trophies :i* he set up at ,rome1 :5 he _h h>ass$ ! ,*ri/ians ) a mo/ sev]e p]secution4 ,he glori$ t he _h purg$ ! c\ntry ( robb]s1 & ^? t obtrud$ & inculcat$ ! new sup]/ition99 ^u mank9d4 ,by ?is1 !re c be no d\bt he meant ! ,*ri/ians1 ^: religion is call$ ! sup]/ition 9 o!r inscriptions ( ! l nature4 ,see t ( ,diocletian cit$ 9 ,b>onius1 ,ann4 #cjd4 f ,occo4 ,sup]/itione ,*ri/ianorum ubique deleta1 c4 ,n mu* unlike ?is 0 t o!r "n :i* ,porphyry9999 & "s o!rs give x1 :5 !y call x ! b>b>\s1 new1 & /range religion4 ,9 ! acts ( ! fam\s m>tyrs ( ,lyons1 :o suff]$ "u ,anton9us ,pius1 ! hea!ns scornfully insult x ) ?is "*4 ,= hav+ burnt ! m>tyrs to a%es1 & scatt]$ _! rema9s into ! riv] ,rhone1 !y said1 !y did x 'to cut (f _! hopes ( a resurrection1 ^u ! 99 ,inscript4 ,antiq4 ad ,calcem ,sueton4 ,oxon4 ,,n]oni4 ,,claud4 ,,cais4 ,,aug4 ,,pont4 ,,max4 ,,ob4 ,,prov+4 ,,latronib4 ,,et4 ,,84 ,,qui4 ,,novam4 ,,g5]i4 ,,hum4 ,,sup]/ition4 ,,inculcab4 ,,purgat4 9999 ,ap4 ,euseb4 ,hi/ ,eccl1 lib99 #f1 c #ai1 -------- #ajd /r5g? ( :i* !y s\ght to obtrude99 ! new & /range religion ^u mank9d4 ,b n[ let u see :e!r !y w rise aga91 & :e!r _! ,god c help & deliv] !m out ( our h&s4' ,celsus gives !m ! "n ( ,sibylli/s99991 because ! ,*ri/ians 9 _! disputes ) ! hea!ns sometimes made use ( ! au?ority ( ,sibylla _! own prophetess aga9/ !m2 ^: writ+ !y urg$ ) s mu* advantage to ! ,*ri/ian cause1 & prejudice to ! hea!n1 t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr999999 says1 ! ,roman gov]nors made x dea? = any "o to read !m1 or ,hy/aspes1 or ! writ+s ( ! prophets4 ,!y also reproa*$ !m ) ! appellation ( --------1 'self-murd]]s1' because !y readily (f]$ !mselves up to m>tyrdom1 & *e]fully und]w5t any viol5t dea?1 :i* ! hea!ns c\ld inflict ^u !m4 ,) :at eag]ness !y c\rt$ dea?1 we le>n n only f ! ,*ri/ian writ]s99999999 !mselves1 b f ! te/imonies 99 ,act4 ,m>t4 ,lugd4 ap4 ,euseb4 lib4 #e4 c4 #a4 -------- 9999 ,orig54 c4 ,cels4 lib4 #e4 p4 #bgb4 999999 ,j ,apol4 #b4 p4 #hb4 99999999 ,see ^! collect$ 9 ,pe>son1 ,v9d4 ,ignat4 ,p>4 #b4 c4 #i4 p4 #chd4 #aje ( ! hea!ns99 conc]n+ !m4 ,lucian9999 says !y n only despis$ dea?1 b _m ( !m volunt>ily (f]$ !mselves to x1 out ( a p]suasion t !y %\ld be made immortal & live =ev]4 ,?is he reckons folly1 & !re=e gives !m ! "n ( --------1 ',! mis]able wret*es1 t ?rew away _! lives1' ,9 :i* s5se ,porphyry999999 also /yles1 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 -------- ! b>b>\s boldness4' ,z ,arrjus ,anton9us99999999 t]ms ! pr(essors ( x1 --------1 ,! /upid wret*es1 t _h su* a m9d to die2 & ! hea!n 9 ,m9ucius7v71 hom9es deploratae ac desp]ate factionis1 '! m5 ( ! =lorn & desp]ate faction4' ,all :i* agrees ) ! "n ,bio?anati1 or ,biaeo?anati1 z ,b>onius7vi7 und]/&s x99 ,?\gh x may signify n only self-murd]]s1 b 7z a le>n$ critic7xii7 notes7 m5 t expect to live aft] dea?4 ,9 :i* s5se ! hea!ns probably might use x likewise to ridicule ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! resurrection2 on :i*1 !y 99 ,arrius ,anton94 ap4 ,t]tul4 ad ,scap4 c4 #d4 ,tib]ias1 9 ,joh4 ,malela ,*ronic4 9999 ,lucian4 de ,mort ,p]egr94 999999 ,porphyr4 ap4 ,euseb4 ,hi/ ,eccl4 #a4 #f4 c #ai4 99999999 ,t]tul4 ibid4 7v7 ,m9uc4 ,octav4 p4 #be4 7vi7 ,b>on1 an4 #ach4 n4 #e4 7vii7 ,suic]4 ,!saur4 ,ecclesia/ #a4a4 p4 #fij4 #ajf knew1 all _! fe>less & undaunt$ c\rage 0 f\nd$4 ,= s ! same hea!n 9 ,m9ucius endeav\rs to expose at once bo? _! resolution & _! belief3 ,o /range folly1 & incr$ible madness6 says he2 !y despise all pres5t torm5ts1 & yet fe> ^? t are future & unc]ta93 !y are afraid ( dy+ aft] dea?1 b 9 ! mean "t d n fe> to die4 ,s va9ly d !y flatt] !mselves1 & allay _! fe>s1 ) ! hopes ( "s reviv+ com=ts aft] dea?4 ,= "o ( ^! reasons !n !y gave !m ! "n ( ,bio?anati1 :i* ^w expressly occurs 9 "s ( ! acts ( ! anci5t m>tyrs4 ,b>onius obs]ves99 out ( ,b$e's ,m>tyrology1 t :5 ! sev5 sons ( ,symphorosa 7 m>tyr$ "u ,hadrian1 _! bodies 7 all ca/ into "o pit toge!r1 :i* ! temple-prie/s nam$ f !m1 ,ad ,septem ,bio?anatos1 ',! grave ( ! sev5 ,bio?anati4' ,= ! same reasons !y gave !m ! names ( ,p>abol>ii & ,desp]ati1 ',! bold & desp]ate m54' ,! ,p>abol>ii1 or ,p>abolani among ! ,romans 7 ^? bold adv5tur\s m51 :o hir$ out !mselves to fight ) wild bea/s ^u ! /age or amphi!atre1 :5ce !y _h also ! "n ( ,be/i>ii1 & ,confectores4 ,n[ because ! 99 ,b>on1 an4 #ach4 n4 #e4 #ajg ,*ri/ians 7 put to fight = _! lives 9 ! same mann]1 & !y r *ose to d x ?an d5y _! religion1 !y !re=e got ! "n ( ,p>aboli & ,p>abolani3 :i*1 ?\gh x 0 int5d$ z a "n ( reproa* & mock]y1 yet ! ,*ri/ians 7 n unwill+ to take to !mselves1 be+ "o ( ! true/ *>act]s t ! hea!ns ev] gave !m4 ,& !re=e !y sometimes gave !mselves ?is "n by way ( allusion to ! ,roman ,p>aboli4 ,z 9 ! ,passion ( ,abdo & ,s5ne99 9 ! "t ( ,val]ian1 ! m>tyrs :o 7 expos$ to be dev\r$ by wild bea/s 9 ! amphi!atre1 are said to ent]1 'ut audacissimi ,p>abolani1' z mo/ resolute *ampions1 t despis$ _! own lives = _! religion's sake4 ,b ! o!r "n ( ,desp]ati !y reject$ z a calumny1 retort+ x back ^u _! adv]s>ies1 :o m ju/ly des]v$ x4 ,^?1 says ,lactantius9999991 :o set a value ^u _! fai?1 & w n d5y _! ,god1 !y fir/ torm5t & but*] ) all _! might1 & !n call !m desp]ados1 because !y w n sp>e _! bodies3 z if any ?+ c\ld be m desp]ate1 ?an to torture & te> 9 pieces ^? :om y _c b "k to be innoc5t4 99 ,acta ,abdon4 et ,s5nes ap4 ,suic]4 9999 ,lact4 ,in/il1 lib4 #e4 c4 #i4 ,desp]ates vocant1 quia corpori suo m9ime p>cunt1 c4 #ajh ,t]tullian m5tions ano!r "n1 :i* 0 likewise occasion$ by _! suff]+s4 ,! m>tyrs :i* 7 burnt alive1 7 usually ti$ to a bo>d or /ake ( ab\t six foot long1 :i* ! ,romans call$ semaxis2 & !n !y 7 surr\nd$ or cov]$ ) faggots ( small wood1 :i* !y call$ s>m5ia4 ,f ?is _! puni%m5t1 ! hea!ns1 :o turn$ e ?+ into mock]y1 gave all ,*ri/ians ! despiteful "n ( ,s>m5titii & ,semaxii994 ,! hea!n 9 ,m9ucius999999 takes occasion also to reproa* !m "u ! "n ( ! sculk+ g5]ation1 or ! m5 t lov$ to prate 9 corn]s & ! d>k4 ,! gr\nd ( :i* scurril\s reflection 0 only ?is1 t !y 7 =c$ to hold _! religi\s assemblies 9 ! night to avoid ! fury ( ! p]secutions4 ,:i* ,celsus99999999 himself owns1 ?\gh o!rwise prone en\gh to load !m ) h>d names & odi\s reflections4 ,! same hea!n 9 ,m9ucius gives !m "o 99 ,t]tul4 ,apol4 t1 #ej4 ,licet nunc ,s>m5titios et ,semaxios appelletis1 quia ad /ipitem dimidii axis re-v9cti1 s>m5torum ambitu exurimur4 9999 ,m9uc4 ,octav4 p4 #be4 ,latebrosa et lucifugax natio1 9 publicum muta1 9 angulis g>rula4 999999 ,orig54 c4 ,cel4 lib4 #a4 p4 #e4 #aji scurril\s "n m1 :i* x is n v easy to guess ! mean+ (4 ,he calls !m ,plaut9ians991--hom9es ,plaut9ae prosapiae4 ,rigaltius9999 takes x = a ridicule ^u ! pov]ty & simplicity ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :om ! hea!ns commonly repres5t$ z a company ( poor ignorant me*anics1 bak]s1 tailors1 & ! l2 m5 ( ! same quality ) ,plautus1 :o1 z ,/4 ,j]ome999999 obs]ves1 0 s poor1 t at a "t ( fam9e he 0 =c$ to hire out himself to a bak] to gr9d at 8 mill1 dur+ :i* "t he wrote ?ree ( 8 ,plays 9 ! int]vals ( 8 lab\r4 ,su* sort ( m5 ,coecilius says ! ,*ri/ians 72 & !re=e he /yles ,octavius 9 ! dialogue1 homo ,plaut9ae prosapiae et pi/orum praecipuus1 'a ,plaut9ian1 a *ief man among ! illit]ate bak]s1' b no philosoph]4 ,! same reflection is (t5 made by ,celsus4 ,y %all see1 says he999999991 weav]s1 tailors1full]s1 & ! mo/ illit]ate & ru/ic fell[s1 :o d>e n speak a ^w be=e wise m51 :5 !y c get a company ( *ildr5 & silly wom5 toge!r1 set up to tea* /range p>adoxes among/ 99 ,m9uc4 p4 #cg4 ,quid ad haec audet ,octavius homo ,plaut9ae ,prosapiae1 ut ,pi/orum praecipuus ita po/remus ,philosophorum8 9999 ,rigalt4 9 loc4 999999 ,hi]on4 ,*ronic1 an4 #a4 ,olymp4 #ade4 99999999 ,orig54 c ,cels4 lib4 #c4 p4 #add4 #aaj !m4 ,?is is "o ( _! rules1 says he aga9991--,let no man t is le>n$1 wise1 or prud5t come among u2 b if any be unle>n$1 or a *ild1 or an ideot1 let him freely come4 ,s !y op5ly decl>e1 t none b fools & sots1 & su* z want s5se1 slaves1 wom51 & *ildr51 are fit disciples = ! ,god !y wor%ip9999994 ,nor 0 x only ! hea!ns t ?us revil$ !m1 b commonly e p]v]se sect among ! ,*ri/ians _h "s reproa*ful "n to ca/ ^u !m4 ,! ,novatian p>ty call$ !m ,cornelieans999999 because !y communicat$ ) ,cornelius bi%op ( ,rome1 r ?an ) ,novatianus 8 antagoni/4 ,!y also t]m$ !m ,apo/ates1 ,capitol9s1 ,syn$rians1 because99999999 !y *>itably decre$ 9 _! synods to receive apo/ates1 & su* z w5t to ! ,capitol to sacrifice1 into _! communion aga9 ^u _! s9c]e rep5tance4 ,! ,ne/orians7v7 t]m$ ! or?odox ,cyrillians2 & ! ,arians7vi7 call$ !m ,eu/a?ians & 99 ,orig54 c4 ,cels4 lib4 #c4 p4 #acg4 f ,see ! prec$+ translation ( ,celsus1 p4 #ai4 f ,eulog4 ap4 ,phot4 ,cod4 #bhj4 ,sec4 ,facian4 ,ep4 #b4 ad ,sympronian4 ,ep4 ,legat4 ,s*ismat ad suos 9 ,epheso 9 ,act4 ,con4 ,ephes4 ,con4 t ,s4 p4 #gdf4 f ,sozora1 lib1 #f4 c4 #ba4 #aaa ,paul9ions1 f ,eu/a?ius & ,paul9 u bi%ops ( ,antio*4 ,z also ,hom\sians1 because !y kept to ! doctr9e ( ! --------1 :i* decl>$ ! ,son ( ,god to be ( ! same sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r4 ,! au?or ( ! ,opus ,imp]fection on ,/4 ,mat!w1 "u ! "n ( ,*ryso/om991 /yles !m expressly1 ,ha]esis ,homo\sianorum1' ! h]esy ( ! ,homo\sians4' ,& s ,s]apion 9 8 conflict ) ,arnobius9999 calls !m ,hom\sianates1:i* ! pr9t$ copy reads corruptly ,homuncionates1 :i* 0 a "n = ! ,ne/orians4 ,! ,cataphrygians or ,montani/s commonly call$ ! or?odox --------1 'c>nal'2 because !y reject$ ! prophecies & pretext$ inspirations ( ,montanus1 & w\ld n receive 8 rigid laws ab\t fa/+1 nor ab/a9 f second m>riages1 & obs]ve f\r ,l5ts 9 a ye>1 c4 ,?is 0 ,t]tullian's ord9>y complim5t to ! ,*ri/ians 9 all 8 books9999 writt5 aft] he 0 fall5 into ! errors ( ,montanus4 ,he calls 8 own p>ty ! spiritual1 & ! or?odox ! c>nal3 & 99 ,opus ,imp]f4 ,horn4 #dh4 9999 ,conflict4 ,arnob4 et ,s]ap4 ad cakem ,ir5aei1 p4 #eai4 999999 ,t]tul4 adv4 ,prax4 c4 #a4 ,nos quidem agnitio ,p>acleti disjunxit a ,psy*icis4 ,id4 de ,monogam4 c4 #a4 ,ha]etici nuptias auf]unt1 ,psy*ici +]unt4 ,see also c4 #aa4 & #af4 #aab "s ( 8 books99 are expressly entitl$1 ,adv]sus ,psy*icos4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us9999 obs]ves1 ! same reproa* 0 also us$ by o!r h]etics beside ! ,montani/s4 ,& x appe>s f ,ir5aeus1 t ?is 0 an anci5t calumny ( ! ,val5t9ians1 :o /yl$ !mselves ! spiritual & ! p]fect1 & ! or?odox ! secul> & c>nal9999991 :o _h ne$ ( ab/95ce & good works1 :i* 7 n necess>y = !m t 7 p]fect4 ,! ,mill5>ies /yl$ !m ,allegori/s1 because !y exp\nd$ ! prophecy ( ! sa9ts reign+ a ?\s& ye>s ) ,*ri/1 7,rev4 xx4 #d47 to a my/ical & allegorical s5se4 ,:5ce ,euseubius99999999 obs]ves ( ,nepos ! ,egyptian bi%op1 :o wrote = ! ,mill5ium1 t he entitl$ 8 book1 --------1 ',a confutation ( ! ,allegori/s4' ,aetius ! ,arian gives !m ! abusive "n ( --------2 by :i* he seems to intimate1 t _! religion 0 b tempor>y1 & w\ld 99 ,de ,jejuniis adv4 ,psy*icos4 ,de ,pudicitia1 c4 9999 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 lib4 #d4 p4 #eaa4 999999 ,ir54 lib4 #a4 c #a4 p4 #bi4 ,nobis quidem1 quos ,psy*icos vocant1 et de saeculo esse dicunt1 necess>ian7 con- t95tiam1 c4 99999999 ,euseb4 lib4 #g4 c4 #bd4 #aac 1 %ortly h an end2 :]eas ! "* 0 mu* m applicable to ! ,arians !mselves1 ^: fai? 0 s lately sprung up 9 ! _w2 z ! au?or ( ! dialogues de ,tr9itate1 "u ! "n ( ,a?anasius1 :o confutes ,aetius 991 ju/ly retorts ^u him4 ,! ,mani*ees1 z !y gave !mselves ! mo/ glori\s names ( ,electi1 ,mac>ii1 ,ca?>i/ae1 m5tion$ by ,/4 ,au/999992 s !y reproa*$ ! ,ca?olics ) ! mo/ contemptible "n ( ,simplices1 'ideots1' :i* is ! t]m t ,mani*aeus himself us$ 9 8 dispute999999 ) ,ar*elaus1 ! ,mesopotamian bi%op1 /yl+ ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 ,simpliciorum magi/ri1 'guides ( ! simple2' because !y c\ld n reli% 8 execrable doctr9e conc]n+ two pr9ciples ( good & evil4 ,! ,apoll9>ians 7 no less injuri\s to ! ,ca?olics1 9 fix+ on !m ! odi\s "n ( ,an?ropolatrae1 'man-wor%ipp]s'2 because !y ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ 0 a p]fect man1 & _h a reasonable s\l & body1 ( ! same nature ) ours2 :i* ,apoll9>ius d5i$4 ,gregory 99 ,a?an4 ,dial4 #b4 de ,tr9it4 t4 #b4 p4 #aic4 9999 ,aug4 de ,ha]4 c4 #df4 999999 ,ar*el4 ,disp4 adv4 ,mani*aeum adcalcem ,sozom54 ,ed4 ,vales1 p4 #aig4 #aad ,nazianz599 takes notice ( ?is abuse1 & %>ply replies to x2 tell+ ! ,apoll9>ians1 t !y !mselves mu* bett] des]v$ ! "n ( ,s>colatrae1 'fle%-wor%ipp]s'3 = if ,*ri/ _h no human s\l1 !y mu/ be conclud$ to wor%ip 8 fle% only4 ,! ,orig5ians1 :o d5i$ ! tru? ( ! resurrection1 & ass]t$ t m5 %\ld h only a]ial & spiritual bodies 9 ! next _w1 made je/s ^u ! ,ca?olics1 because !y ma9ta9$ ! contr>y1 t our bodies %\ld be ! same individual bodies1 & ( ! same nature t !y are n[1 ) fle% & bones1 & all ! memb]s 9 ! same =m & /ructure1 only alt]$ 9 quality1 n 9 sub/ance4 ,= ?is !y gave !m ! opprobri\s names ( ,simplices & ,philos>cae99991 'ideots' & 'lov]s ( ! fle%'2 ,c>nei1 ,animales1 ,jum5ta1 'c>nal1 s5sual1 animals'2 ,lutei1 'e>?y'1 ,pilosiotae9999991 :i* ,erasmus's edition reads 99 ,naz4 ,ep4 #a4 ad ,cl$on4 9999 ,hi]on4 ,ep4 #fa4 ad ,pamma*4 t4 #b4 p4 #aga4 ,nos ,simplices et ,philos>cas dic]e1 quod eadem ossa1 et sanguis1 et c>o1 id e/1 vultus et membra1 totiusque compago corporis resurgat 9 novissima die4 999999 ,id4 ,ep4 #fe1 ad ,pam4 et ,ocean1 de ,error4 ,orig4 p4 #aib4 ,pelusiotas 7leg4 ,pilosiotas7 nos appellant1 et ,luteos1 ,animalesque1 et ,cameos1 quod non recipiamus ea quae ,spiritus sunt4 #aae corruptly ,pelusiotae1 in/ead ( ,pilonotae2 :i* seems to be a "n =m$ f pili1 7hair72 because ! ,ca?olics ass]t$1 t ! body w\ld rise p]fect 9 all its p>ts1 ev5 ) ! hair itself to beautify & adorn x4 ,b ( all o!rs ! ,lucif]ians gave ! *ur* ! rude/ language2 /yl+ h] ! bro!l-h\se1 & synagogue ( ,anti*ri/ & ,satan2 because %e all[$ ^? bi%ops to reta9 _! hon\r & places1 :o 7 cajol$ by ! ,arians to subscribe ! fraudul5t confession ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,arim9um4 ,! ,lucif]ian 9 ,/4 ,j]ome runs out 9 ?is mann] aga9/ ! *ur*2 & ,/4 ,j]ome says1 he spake b ! s5se ( ! :ole p>ty1 = ?is 0 ! ord9>y /yle & language ( all ! re/4--,hi]on4 ,dial4 adv4 ,lucif]1 t4 ii4 p4 #ace4 ,?us f> ,b+ham3 to ^: extracts may appropriately be add$1 :at ! ,emp]or ,julian says reproa*fully ( ! ,*ri/ians1 9 ! fragm5ts :i* ,cyril has pres]v$ ( 8 ,treatise aga9/ !m4 ,y d n take notice 7says he7 :e!r any m5tion is made by ! ,jews ( hol9ess2 b y emulate _! rage & _! bitt]ness1 ov]turn+ temples & alt>s1 & cutt+ ! ?roats1 n only ( ^? :o rema9 firm 9 pat]nal #aaf in/itutes1 b also ( ^? h]etics :o are equally errone\s ) y\rselves1 & :o d n lam5t a dead body i4 e4 ! body ( ,*ri/ 9 ! same mann] z y d994 ,= nei!r ,jesus nor ,paul exhort$ y to act 9 ?is mann]4 ,b ! reason is1 t nei!r did !y expect t y w\ld ev] arrive at ! p[] :i* y h obta9$4 ,= !y 7 satisfi$ if !y c\ld deceive maids]vants & slaves1 & ?r\gh ^! m>ri$ wom51 & su* m5 z ,cornelius & ,s]gius2 among :om if y c m5tion "o t 0 at t "t an illu/ri\s "*1 7& ^! ?+s 7 transact$ "u ! reign ( ,tib]ius or ,claudius7 believe t ,i am a li> 9 all ?+s99994 99 ,julian "h alludes to ! conte/s betwe5 ! ,arians & ,tr9it>ians4 9999 ,vid4 ,cyril1 apud ,spanh4 ,,! ,,end4