,aside f few typographical errors1 no o!r corrections ( gramm> or place-names h be5 made 9 creat+ ?is etext f ! pr9t$ book4 7note ( etext transcrib]7 ,illu/ration3 image ( ! book's cov]3 ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,italy ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,coll9s ,r ,i ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,italy ,,uni=m ,,) ,,?is ,,volume ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,,george ,,gilb]t4 ,) #fj reproductions f wat]-col\rs by ,w4 ,w4 ,,coll9s1 ,r4,i4 ,demy #hvo1 #afs4 net4 ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,france4 ,by ,,h]b]t & ,,he/] ,,m>%all4 ,) #fj reproductions f wat]-col\rs by ,,h]b]t ,,m>%all1 ,r4,w4,s4 ,demy #hvo1 #afs4 net4 ,also l>ge pap] edition #b #bs4 net4 ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,spa94 ,writt5 & illu/rat$ ) #fj reproductions f wat]-col\rs by ,w4 ,w4 ,,coll9s1 ,r4,i4 ,demy #hvo1 #afs4 net4 ,also l>ge pap] edition 7limit$7 #b #bs4 net4 ,,books ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,joseph ,,p5nell ,,italian ,,h\rs4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,james4 ,) #cb plates 9 col\r & num]\s illu/rations 9 black-&-:ite by ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,l>ge cr[n #dto4 ,price #bjs4 net4 ,a ,,little ,,t\r ,,9 ,,france4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,james4 ,) #id illu/rations by ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,pott #dto4 ,price #ajs4 net4 ,,engli% ,,h\rs4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,james4 ,) #id illu/rations by ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,pott #dto4 ,price #ajs4 net4 ,,italian ,,j\rneys4 ,by ,w4 ,d4 ,,h[ells4 ,) #ajc illu/rations by ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,pott #dto4 ,price #ajs4 net4 ,,ca/ilian ,,days4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,,john ,,hay4 ,) #aaa illu/rations by ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,pott #dto4 ,price #ajs4 net4 ,london3 ,,william ,,he9emann #ba ,b$=d ,/reet1 ,w4,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,rome ,,ca!dral ,,cities ,,( ,,italy ,,writt5 ,,& ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,coll9s1 ,r4,i4 ,illu/ration3 colophon ,,london3 ,,william ,,he9emann ,,new ,,york3 ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company #aiaa ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright1 ,london1 #aiaa1 by ,william ,he9emann & ,wa%+ton1 ,u4,s4,a41 by ,dodd1 ,mead ,co4 ,,preface ,! ca!dral cities ( ,italy1 ! heir ( all ! ages 9 art1 are z full ( en*antm5t to ! lov] ( ar*itecture z to ! poet1 ! pa9t]1 & ! hi/orian4 ,side by side ) ! great *ur*es t give !m _! cr[n+ spl5d\r are ! public build+s1 univ]sities1 palaces1 & f\nta9s t tell ! /ory ( ! glori\s pa/1 & =m ! be/ monum5t ( _! great creators4 ,^! ar*itectural jewels are (t5 set amid/ sc5es ( great natural beauty1 :i* relieve & enhance ! p]fection ( _! art4 ,e travell] 9 ,italy w recall ! emotion ) :i* he fir/ saw ,rome ris+ f ! gre5 /ret*es ( ! ,campagna1 recognis$ ! domes & campaniles ( ,flor5ce1 or lift$ up 8 eyes to "o ( ^? t[]$ cities set ^u an hill1 :i* _c be hid--,si5a1 ,p]ugia1 or ,orvieto4 ,among ! _m appeals :i* ,italy makes to /hetic appreciation is t ( inf9ite v>iety4 ,9 no c\ntry are ! diff]5t /yles & p]iods s wond]fully exemplifi$4 ,"h we may range f ,rome & ,v]ona1 ) _! relics ( ! antique _w--amphi!atres1 temples1 & !rm--to ! ,byzant9e glories ( ,rav5na & ,v5ice1 ! ,romanesque gr&eur t f9ds typical expression 9 ! ca!dral ( ,pisa1 & !nce to ! manife/ations ( t ,go?ic art :i*1 ?\gh x 0 ali5 to ! climate & "* ( ,italy & s /ruck no deep roots into ! soil1 int]v5$ betwe5 ,romanesque ar*itecture & t ( ! ,r5aissance z a brilliant episode1 & f9ds /up5d\s expression 9 ! ?\s& p9nacles ( ,milan4 ,x is ) ,*ri/ian ,italy t we h to deal1 ! ,italy ( ca!drals1 & x is at ,rav5na & at ,v5ice t we may trace ! decl9e ( ,roman ar*itectural me?ods & ! gradual m]g+ ( ^! into ,byzant9e =ms4 ,?\gh ! great ,basilica ,ursiana ( ! f\r? c5tury has disappe>$1 ,rav5na has pres]v$ _m fam\s monum5ts ( ! fif? c5tury3 ! votive *ur* ( ,galla ,placidia1 si/] ( ! ,emp]or ,honorius1 ! ,bapti/]y1 ! aulic *ur* ( ! ,go?ic conqu]or ,!odoric1 ,sant' ,apoll9>e ,nuovo1 & ! *ur*es ( ,san ,vitale & ,sant' ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe4 ,v5ice1 ris+ to p[] & spl5d\r :5 ,rav5na fell on evil days1 secur$ ! h]itage ( h] glory1 & c>ri$ on ! ,byzant9e tradition 9 ! ca!dral ( ,torcello1 ! *ur* ( ,san ,zacc>ia1 & above all 9 ! incomp>able ,san ,m>co4 ,at ,pisa ! ,romanesque evolution culm9at$ 9 a unique gr\p ( build+s1 fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w1 :ile at ,milan & 9 ! surr\nd+ di/rict ! local type ( ,romanesque became suffici5tly individual to figure z an indep5d5t /yle "u ! title ( ,lomb>d ar*itecture4 ,( ?is subdivision ( ,romanesque ! prototype seems to h be5 ! great *ur* ( ,sant' ,ambrogio at ,milan1 :ile ,san ,mi*ele at ,pavia is ano!r e>ly & important example4 ,italy's essays 9 ,go?ic are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! p59sula1 f ,como to ,naples4 ,! ,broletto at ,como & ! mona/ic build+s at ,v]celli are said to h inaugurat$ !m4 ,good examples are ! ca!dral at ,como1 ! *ur* ( ,san ,francesco at ,assisi1 ! ca!dral ( ,orvieto1 ,san ,petronio & ,san ,francesco at ,bologna1 & ,san ,lor5zo at ,g5oa4 ,b x is to ! ,r5aissance ar*itecture ( ,italy t _m ( u w turn z ! mo/ intimate expression ( ! ,italian _s1 to ! works ( ,brunellesco1 ,mi*elozzo1 & ,cronaca at ,flor5ce1 ( ,palladio at ,v5ice & ,vic5za1 ( ,bramante1 &1 above all1 ( ,mi*elangelo at ,rome1 notably 9 8 great life-"w1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! exub]ant lat] /yle t result$ f a too ard5t application ( ! pr9ciples ( ,mi*elangelo & is kn[n z ,b>oque1 ?\gh g5]ally reprobat$ at pres5t1 mu/ n be too sweep+ly condemn$4 ,x _h an expon5t ( great tal5t 9 ,b]n9i1 & x w h>dly be d5i$ t x gave gr&iose expression to ! t5d5cy ( a spl5d\r-lov+ age1 & t ,rome owes to its expon5ts mu* ( ! sc5ic effectiv5ess ( h] /reets & ! impressive magnific5ce ( h] int]iors4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,como #a ,,milan #g ,,pavia #ag ,,b]gamo #bc ,,brescia #bi ,,v]ona #ce ,,padua #di ,,v5ice #fa ,,rim9i #ia ,,f]r>a #ii ,,rav5na #ajg ,,bologna #abc ,,p>ma #acg ,,g5oa #ade ,,pisa #aeg ,,lucca #afi ,,flor5ce #agi ,,p]ugia #aii ,,assisi #baa ,,si5a #bag ,,orvieto #bbi ,,rome #bci ,,naples #bfe ,,sal]no #bgi ,,pal]mo #bhe ,,illu/rations ,to face page ,como4 ,! ,brotello & ,ca!dral #b ,milan4 ,! ,ca!dral #aj ,pavia4 ,! ,ca!dral #ah ,b]gamo #bd ,brescia #cb ,v]ona4 ,! ,por* ( ! ,ca!dral #ch ,v]ona4 ,int]ior ( ,s4 ,z5o #db ,v]ona4 ,! ,m>ket ,place #df ,padua4 ,! ,ca!dral #ej ,padua4 ,s4 ,antonio #ef ,v5ice4 ,/4 ,m>k's #fb ,v5ice4 ,int]ior1 ,/4 ,m>k's #gj ,v5ice4 ,! ,palazzi ,fosc>i e ,giu/9iani #hj ,v5ice4 ,! ,lion ( ,s4 ,m>k's #hd ,torcello4 ,/a ,fosca & ,ca!dral #ij ,rim9i4 ,isotta's ,tomb 9 ! ,ca!dral #if ,f]r>a4 ,! ,ca!dral #ajb ,rav5na #aaj ,rav5na4 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo #aaf ,bologna4 ,int]ior ( ,s4 ,petronio #acj ,bologna4 ,s4 ,dom5ico #acd ,p>ma4 ,! ,ca!dral & ,bapti/]y #ach ,g5oa4 ,an ,old ,/reet #adf ,g5oa4 ,faade ( ! ,ca!dral #aeb ,pisa4 ,! ,bapti/]y #afb ,pisa4 ,! ,campanile & ,duomo #afd ,lucca4 ,! ,por* ( ! ,ca!dral #agj ,lucca4 ,f ! ,city ,walls #agd ,lucca4 ,s4 ,mi*ele #agf ,flor5ce4 ,or ,s4 ,mi*ele & ! ,palazzo dell',arte di ,lana #ahj ,flor5ce4 ,! ,campanile #ahf ,flor5ce4 ,ponte ,vec*io #aij ,flor5ce4 ,! ,duomo1 f ! ,boboli ,g>d5s #aih ,p]ugia4 ,! ,ca!dral & ,old ,t[n #bjj ,p]ugia4 ,! ,porta ,susanna #bjd ,p]ugia4 ,! ,piazza ,g>ibaldi #bjf ,assisi4 ,! ,ca!dral #bad ,si5a4 ,! ,ca!dral #bah ,si5a4 ,int]ior ( ,ca!dral #bbb ,si5a4 ,! ,arco di ,s4 ,giuseppe #bbf ,si5a4 ,"u ! ,walls #bbh ,orvieto4 ,la ,porta ,maggiore #bcj ,orvieto4 ,! ,faade ( ! ,ca!dral #bcb ,rome4 ,on ! ,palat9e #bdj ,rome4 ,s4 ,pet]'s ,frontispiece ,rome4 ,! ,ar* ( ,titus #bej ,rome4 ,s4,s4 ,tr9it de' ,monti #bef ,rome4 ,! ,isle ( ,s4 ,b>tolomeo #bfj ,naples4 ,int]ior ( ! ,ca!dral #bfh ,naples4 ,s4 ,dom5ico ,maggiore #bgb ,posillipo4 ,! ,bay ( ,naples f #bgf ,sal]no4 ,a ,pulpit 9 ! ,ca!dral #bhb ,pal]mo4 ,! ,ca!dral #bhf ,pal]mo4 ,! ,cloi/]s ( ,s4 ,giovanni degli ,eremiti #bif ,pal]mo4 ,mte ,pelligr9o #bih ,monreale4 ,! ,cloi/]s #cjb ,,como ,on a flat piece ( l& at ! s\!rn extremity ( ,italy's mo/ beautiful lake1 ! anci5t ,lacus ,l>ius1 /&s a city ^: hi/ory dates back to ! days :5 a ,grecian colony ne/l$ at ! foot ( ! m\nta9s :i* lie ea/ & we/ ( ! mod]n ,como4 ,num]\s relics ( ,roman days f\nd at diff]5t times1 te/ify to ! tru? ( ! y\ng] ,pl9y's lett]s t ! ,comum ,novum ( ,julius ,cs> 0 9 a fl\ri%+ condition dur+ ! writ]'s life1 & enjoy$ all ! privileges atta*$ to a municipium4 ,at ! pres5t day ,como is be/ kn[n z a />t+-po9t = t\ri/s :o bo>d ! /eam]s at ! quay & leave _! decks at "o ( ! _m delightful spots :i* fr+e ! %ores ( a lake ^: attractions _c be ov]writt54 ,! sun %9es on an endless panorama :i* *anges e m9ute z ! /eam] pants ov] ! blue wat]s1 break+ up & dispell+ ! reflections ( v]dure-clad slopes & /]n crags :i* lie mirror$ on ! surface4 ,hamlets l ,nesso cl+ to ! rocks & bridge ! orriao or torr5t1 z x ent]s ! lake 9 a foam+ cascade4 ,mon/] hotel settlem5ts l ,bellagio & ,cad5abbia lie fur!r up ! wat]1 opposite to ,v>5na ) its golf c\rse & ,engli% c>avans]ai4 ,little is left to rem9d "o ( ^? bloody sixte5?-c5tury days :5 ,il ,m$egh9o f 8 /ronghold ( ,musso rul$ ! lake1 & ) 8 fleet ( sev5 big %ips & c\ntless small] craft blockad$ ! ,city ( ,como1 held = ,*>les ,v4 by ! ,m>quis ( ,pesc>a1 & compell$ ! ,spani>ds to come to t]ms4 ,no?+ m w>like n[adays ruffles ! s]5ity ( ! wat]s ?an ! evil-look+ little dogana craft :i* fla% _! light along ! %ores1 sweep+ e t9y bay 9 se>* ( contrabb&i]i4 ,?\gh mu* c\ld be writt5 ab\t ! int]nec9e w>s ! m\nta9s h se51 x is n ) ,gian ,giacomo de' ,m$ici ?is *apt] is conc]n$1 b ) ! city itself1 :i* lies away out ( sight ( ! great corsair's ,ca/le ( ,musso4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brotello ,,& ,,ca!dral1 ,,como ,! ,ca!dral ( ,como1 built entirely ( m>ble1 0 comm5c$ 9 #acif f ! plans ( ,lor5zi de' ,spazi4 ,! we/ faade1 begun 9 #adfj1 0 f9i%$ by ,tomaso ,rod>io 9 ! la/ few ye>s ( t c5tury4 ,x is ,italian ,go?ic1 ) ! exception ( ! ?ree doorways1 :i* are ri* ,lomb>d "w2 &1 l all faades ( ! same /yle 9 ,italy1 has ! appe>ance ( simply fac+ or be+ /uck on to ! build+ itself4 ,despite ! adornm5t ( /atues & bas-reliefs1 scrolls & arabesques1 x has a v sev]e & flat look1 :i* is unreliev$ by ! recesses conta9+ bu/s ( ! two ,pl9ys on ei!r side ( ! c5tral doorway1 or ! deep-set w9d[s & canopi$ ni*es above4 ,a f9e :eel w9d[ occupies a position above ! pr9cipal door & betwe5 ^! is a good ,go?ic scre5 ) figures 9 five ni*es flank$ by a c\ple ( w9d[s on ei!r side4 ,! nor? side ( ! faade adjo9s ! ,brotello1 ?r\gh ! ar*es ( :i* "o rea*es ! nor? doorway4 ,?is is decid$ly good4 ,! por* is support$ by elegant pill>s & adorn$ by arabesques ) birds1 animals1 & o!r figures4 ,x 0 execut$ f designs by ,rod>io1 & ) ! s\? portal possesses all ! m]it t good ,r5aissance "w gives to bo?4 ,! w9d[s ( ! aisles are beautifully ornam5t$ ) decoration ( ! same "*1 & ! sl5d] p9nacles ) _! pi]c$ gall]ies1 albeit !y rem9d "o 9 _! :it5ess ( ! sup]ior pieces ( an ivory *ess set1 break ! l9e ( ! ro( 9 a mo/ agreeable mann]4 ,! dome lacks proportion & is ( ! ov]-done /yle ( ,fr5* eighte5?-c5tury "w4 ,! int]ior ( ! ca!dral is ,go?ic & ,r5aissance4 ,! nave & aisles belong to ! e>li] date4 ,! gro9+ is good1 b spoilt1 z is g5]ally f\nd to be ! case ?r\gh\t ,italy1 by gild$ & col\r$ bosses :i* m> ! o!rwise simple effect ( ! vault+4 ,! transepts & *oir are ,r5aissance1 & ?\gh ! sympa?ies ( ! nor?man are m ) ! /]n] /yle1 x mu/ be own$ t 9 ,como's ca!dral ! s*eme ( decoration f\nd 9 ^! is m fitt+ & bett] ( its sort ?an 9 ! ,go?ic half ( ! build+4 ,at ! we/ end ( ! nave /&s ! circul> ,bapti/]y attribut$ to ,bramante1 close by :i* are a lion & lioness1 ! =m] grasp+ a de] & ! latt] suckl+ h] "y4 ,!y support ! two holy wat] bas9s4 ,among ! pictures ( int]e/ :i* ! ca!dral conta9s is a good ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i ( ! ,virg91 & two glaz$ & fram$ frescoes ( ! ,nativity & ,adoration by ! same h&4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! ,brotello or old t[n hall1 & ! p9nacles & nor? walls ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! ,brotello is fac$ ) b&$ black & :ite m>ble1 ! common device = ext]ior walls 9 mo/ ,italian ,go?ic *ur*es1 & 9 ?is case ju/ifi$ by ! beautiful col\r x has tak5 on ) age4 ,! build+ /&s mell[$ by ! h& ( ,"t1 a memorial ( ! days ( ! old ,italian ,republics2 & its c\nt]p>t exi/$ 9 e ,lomb>d city4 ,above ! ar*es1 "u :i* ! good citiz5s 7 wont to discuss ! affairs ( _! t[n :ile saunt]+ to & fro 9 ! cool %ade1 is ! great hall :]e9 ! *ief ( ! municipality assembl$4 ,f ! w9d[ 9 ! c5tre access 0 obta9$ to ! b>1 or r+hira outside1 f :i* addresses 7 deliv]$ to ! cr[d bel[1 :o 9 con/itutional language =m$ ! p>liam5to & f :om ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t emanat$4 ,two ( ! old city gateways /ill exi/1 ! latt] ( :i*1 ! ,porta del ,torre1 lead+ out on ! high road to ,milan is to-day b an empty five-/ori$ %ell4 ,! old walls may be trac$ ev5 n[ on ! ?ree sides ( ! city away f ! wat]-front4 ,b = ^! !re is v little left to %[ ! ext5t ( a place :i* 0 once a s]i\s rival to ,milan4 ,! /aple indu/ry is /one-work+1 = :i* ! ,comas*i h = c5turies be5 widely kn[n4 ,9 =m] times ,como 0 ju/ly celebrat$ = ! products ( its looms1 excell+ 9 numb] ^? at ,lyons4 ,n[adays x exports ! raw silk2 ! looms h sadly fall5 (f & dim9i%$1 & small indu/ries h tak5 ! place ( ^? t br\ght consid]able weal? to ! pockets ( its m]*ants4 ,,milan ,:5 ! great wave ( conque/ :i* swept mid-,europe 9 ! fif? c5tury broke aga9/ ! walls ( ,*lons-sur-,m>ne & ! we/w>d m>* ( ,attila & 8 ,huns 0 *eck$1 ! defeat$ hordes ( ! ,ea/ foll[$ _! *ief across ! ,alps & invad$ ! pla9 t /ret*es away n[1 j z x did 9 ^? f>-(f days1 to ! sunny seas t beat aga9/ ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ?is pla9 /ood ,m$iolanum1 a city rank+ second only to ,rome1 & h] greate/ colony 9 ! ,p59sula4 ,s ri* & prosp]\s a place became ( necessity ! object ( attack1 & ! ho/s t look$ to ! ,sc\rge ( ,god z lead]1 swept into & ?r\gh ! fair city1 sack+ x completely4 ,rebuilt1 b once aga9 und]go+ ! same fate at ! h&s ( ,fr$]ick ,i4 9 #aafb1 !re rema9 b a colonnade ( sixte5 ,cor9?ian columns ne> ! ,porta ,tic9ese1 a few tablets & fragm5ts let into ! walls ( o!r gateways1 & "s relics 9 ! museum1 to tell ( ! pa/ glories ( ,rome's great colony4 ,milan1 z we "k x n[1 is ! c5tre ( comm]cial ,italy4 ,int]sect$ by an excell5t sy/em ( tramways1 ) beautiful public g>d5s & magnific5t build+s1 x is up to date 9 e way & /&s q ap>t f all ! o!r cities ) :i* ?is book is conc]n$4 ,! "o ?+ t1 p]haps1 above all o!rs places x 9 ?is position is1 h[ev]1 no product ( ?is comm]cial age1 b its _w-fam\s "w ( art1 ! great ca!dral1 ?r\gh ! l(ty aisles ( :i* /ill rev]b]ates ! gr& music ( ! ,ambrosian ,ritual4 ,! ext]ior ( ?is imm5se *ur*1 next 9 ,italy to ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 size1 is adorn$ by a =e/ ( spires1 p9nacles1 turrets & lace-l trac]y4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is rises ! c5tral t[] ) its airy spire1 f ! base ( :i* on a cle> day ! sn[-clad peaks ( ! ,alps may be se5 /ret*+ miles on miles away1 & b\nd+ ! :ole ( ! nor!rn horizon by a lovely dreaml& ( col\r4 ,v few build+s compel "o's admiration z ?is does1 an admiration wrung 9 my case f a m9d out ( sympa?y ) ev]y?+ t lacks ! dignity ( repose2 b su* is ! effect obta9$ by hundr$s ( p9nacles & /atues1 by ! turret$ fly+ buttresses1 by ! fill+ ( e available foot ( space ) ornam5t1 t "o _c b appreciate ! result ( ! skill & pati5ce s truly ,italian1 :i* has c>ri$ out ^! inf9ite details & produc$ ! great "w t /&s 9 ! ,piazza del ,duomo4 ,! pres5t fabric1 d$icat$ ,m>i ,nasc5ti1 is ! ?ird ca!dral built on ! site3 ! fir/ 0 de/roy$ by ,attila 9 #deb1 & ! second by ,b>b>ossa 9 #aafb4 ,! f\ndation-/one 0 laid 9 #achg by ,gian' ,galeazzo ,visconti1 :o f a nor!rn clime s\ght 8 ar*itect1 ,he9ri* ,ahrl]1 ( ,gmnd54 ,f t "t d[n to ! pres5t day _m h _h a h& 9 its mak+1 among !m ,bramante1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 & ,giulio ,romano1 & ! wond] is t ! great /ructure is n f> m full ( incongruities ?an x is4 ,! :ole ext]ior is built ( :ite m>ble f ! qu>ries ( la ,g&oglia on ! ,simplon ,road1 giv5 by ! f\nd] = ?is purpose4 ,! faade rises ) a c\rse ( op5 ,go?ic "w to ! gable above1 & is divid$ into five sections :i* t]m9ate 9 clu/]s ( ,go?ic turrets surm\nt$ by p9nacles & /atues4 ,! c5tral doorway is surr\nd$ by excell5t ,r5aissance sculpture1 ! door itself be+ a magnific5t piece ( sev5te5?-c5tury bronze "w4 ,on ea* side are two m portals4 ,! bases ( ! int]v5+ buttresses conta9 spl5did panels1 & ! ,c>yatides1 :i* support ! sl5d] ,go?ic %afts "r & left1 by ,rusca & ,c>abelli1 are extremely good 9 pose & execution4 ,! great faade design$ by ,pellegr9i = ,s4 ,c>lo ,borromeo 9 #aefj 0 nev] c>ri$ out ow+ to ! sa9t's dea? :ile ,pellegr9i 0 away 9 ,spa9 work+ on ! ,escorial = ,philip ,,ii4 ,! ea/ end is ! olde/ "p ( ! build+1 & is almo/ entirely tak5 up by ?ree gr& ,go?ic w9d[s4 ,! ea/ w9d[1 :i* is ( mo/ beautiful trac]y1 0 execut$ f ! designs ( a ,fr5*man1 ,ni*olas ,bonav5ture4 ,bo? ! o!r w9d[s are f9e1 b ! upp] portion or rose patt]n1 al?\gh 9 itself v delicate1 appe>s /uck 91 & n "p ( ! design2 "s ( ! glass 9 ^! is v ri* 9 col\r4 ,! ar*ivolts ( ! ar*es are fill$ ) figures :i* foll[ ! curve 9 a r uncom=table /yle1 n only "h b 9 e o!r w9d[ save ! f9e classical ( ! faade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,milan ,! int]ior is gr&1 & ( imm5se height1 albeit ! vault+ ) its admirably pa9t$ trac]y is evid5ce ( ! great skill ( ! ,italian at fak+4 ,! mell[ light f ! amb] col\r$ glass ( ! octagon & ! twilight filt]+ ?r\gh ! gorge\s hues ( ! o!r w9d[s is rem>kably & impressively pleas+4 ,! columns ( ! nave1 9 clu/]s ( eight %afts1 are eighty feet high1 & c>ry n>r[ capitals ( foliage :i* =m ! base to eight canopi$ ni*es occupi$ by figures ( sa9ts--a f9e feature4 ,! aisles are d\ble1 ! outside be+ l[] ?an t next ! nave4 ,! f\r columns at ! cross+ :i* support ! octagon are ( l>g] dim5sions ?an ^? 9 ! nave4 ,two semicircul> pulpits cov]$ ) bas-reliefs ( gild$ bronze /& on ei!r side ( ! /eps lead+ into ! *oir1 to ! solemn d>kness ( :i* ! %ad[s ?r[n f ! s\nd+-bo>ds above make pictorially a good =egr\nd introduction4 ,^! pulpits are support$ by c>yatides repres5t+ ! ,evangeli/s & f\r doctors ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! *oir 0 design$ by ,pellegr9i1 & conta9s a f9e sixte5?-c5tury tab]nacle ( gild$ bronze4 ,b5ea? is ! subt]ranean *ur*1 ?r\gh :i* "o ent]s ! t9y *apel1 "u ! c5tral spire1 :]e9 is deposit$1 9 a magnific5t silv] %r9e ! gift ( ,philip ,,iv4 ( ,spa91 ! body ( ,s4 ,c>lo ,borromeo dress$ 9 full pontificals4 ,born 9 #aech he 0 creat$ c>d9al by 8 uncle1 ,pius ,,iv41 9 #aefa4 ,aft] ! close ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t he assi/$ o!r prelates to draw up ! epitome ( ,ca?olic doctr9e1 ! ,cate*ismus ,trid5t9us2 b x is m = 8 good works & great *>ity1 especially dur+ ! plague ( #aegf1 t he lives 9 ! he>ts ( ! ,milanese4 ,9 ! nor? transept is a v good example ( ! metal "w ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 ! %ape ( a f9e bejewell$ bronze c&elabrum4 ,x =ms a tree & has _m qua9t figures 9 its intricate design4 ,9 a *apel 9 ?is aisle is ! old wood5 crucifix :i* ,s4 ,c>lo c>ri$ :5 b>efoot$ he tramp$ ! /reets dur+ ! plague1 t5d+ ! sick4 ,9 ! s\? transept close to ! corn] ne> ! /aircase lead+ on to ! ro( is a monum5t to ,giacomo & ,gabriele de' ,m$ici1 bro!rs ( ,pius ,,iv41 & a bronze /atue ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo :i* repres5ts him flay$4 ,! s\? sacri/y door is a f9e specim5 ( ,go?ic "w4 ,unlike ! ext]ior effect1 no?+ obtrudes inside ?is great ca!dral4 ,! eye on ent]+ looks /raight up to ! ea/1 consci\s z x travels !re1 ( great pill>s ris+ into ! gloom ( ! vault above1 ( f9e glass & re/ful solemnity1 9 :i* ev5 ! *apels 9 ! aisles are lo/1 to be discov]$ lat] on only :5 se>*$ =4 ,next to ,m>i ,nasc5ti1 b tak+ prec$5ce 9 ar*ological int]e/1 is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ambrogio1 a basilica d$icat$ by ! ,sa9t :5 bi%op ( ,milan 9 #chg to ,,ss4 ,g]vasius & ,protasius4 ,x 0 enl>g$ & rebuilt 9 #hha & re/or$ by ,ric*9i 9 #afca1 all ! orig9al features be+ fai?fully pres]v$4 ,a clos$ c\rty>d /&s bel[ ! level ( ! piazza outside & =ms ! ,atrium beyond :i* no cate*um5s 7 all[$ to pass4 ,! capitals ( ! columns "h h ! t5d5cy ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art & adaptations ( ,runic & ,byzant9e c>v+4 ,! *ur* is ,lomb>do ,romanesque4 ,b5ea? ! gall]y ov] ! p]i/yle is ! celebrat$ door1 well gu>d$ by an iron grille1 "s ( ! cypress-wood panels ( :i* =m$ portions ( ! gate ( ! ,basilica ,portiana clos$ by ,s4 ,ambrose aga9/ ! ,emp]or ,!odosius aft] 8 cruel slaught] 9 ,!ssalonica4 ,! nave is ent]$ by two side doors & is compos$ ( eight bays1 ! columns ( :i* are sl5d] 9 proportion = ! deep %ad[s ( ! d>k aisles4 ,pila/]s run up to ! l[ r\nd vault+1 ! l>ge gall]ies ov] ! aisles be+ divid$ by ^!4 ,up a few /eps :i* cross ! nave at ! la/ bay1 & beh9d a l[ m>ble balu/rade1 is ! ,high ,alt>1 enclos$ by "o ( ! f9e/ extant relics ( ! goldsmi?'s art4 ,?is magnific5t cas+ be>s ! "n ( its ,g]man mak]1 ,wolv9ius4 ,"s ( ! panels1 notably t ( ! ,transfiguration1 are v ,greek 9 treatm5t4 ,! back is almo/ ( bett] workman%ip ?an ! front & is m int]e/+1 z ,wolv9ius has "h illu/rat$ ! pr9cipal ev5ts 9 ! life ( ! f\nd]4 ,! enamell$ bord]s ( ^! silv]-gilt panels are ( exquisite design4 ,"o ( ! sa9t z a *ild asleep 9 8 cradle ) a sw>m ( bees hov]+ ar\nd1 consid]$ a presage ( future eloqu5ce1 is v nave4 ,! balda*9o above ?is alt> is borne by f\r gr& columns ( black porphyry4 ,up twelve /eps are ! *oir & tribune1 & at ! end ( ^! is ! primitive ?rone ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,milan1 kn[n z ! *air ( ,s4 ,ambrose4 ,! eighte5 seats occupi$ by ! suffragans ( ! prov9ce no long] exi/1 hav+ be5 replac$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury by c>v$ wood5 /alls1 & ?us has p]i%$ a feature id5tical ) ! ,ca!dral at ,torcello4 ,! semi-dom$ ro( ( ! ,tribune is cov]$ ) a f9e n9?-c5tury mosaic :i* repres5ts ! seat$ figure ( ! ,almighty1 b5ea? :om are ,,ss4 ,c&ida1 ,g]vasius1 ,protasius1 ,m>cell9a & ,satirus1 & a repres5tation ( ! cities ( ,milan & ,t\rs--,t\rs because !re1 :5 ,s4 ,m>t9 0 und]go+ m>tyrdom1 ! _s ( ,s4 ,ambrose w5t to give him /r5g?4 ,b5ea? ! *oir is ! crypt1 & at its t]m9ation1 exactly "u ! high alt> 9 ! *ur* above1 9 a spl5did casket ( silv] & cry/al1 repose ! rema9s ( ?ree ,sa9ts1 ,ambrose1 ,g]vasius & ,protasius4 ,!re is a curi\s pulpit 9 ! *ur* ( v e>ly ,lomb>d "w1 ) an ,agape or love fea/ c>v$ ^u its panels4 ,close by ^u a granite pill> re/s a bronze s]p5t1 said to be ! braz5 s]p5t ( ! des]t & pres5t$ to ,ar*bi%op ,arnulphus by ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,s4 ,ambrogio 0 ! *ur* 9 :i* ! ,lomb>d rul]s 7 cr[n$ ) ! ,iron ,cr[n t is ! *ief attraction 9 ! neighb\r+ city ( ,monza4 ,s well kn[n are ! art treasures ( ,milan t x is h>dly necess>y to d m ?an allude to ! _m works ( great int]e/ 9 ! ,br]a1 =m]ly a ,jesuit college1 & 9 ! celebrat$ ,biblioteca ,ambrosiana2 or t greate/ wond] ( all :i* has drawn s _m pilgrims to ! ,c5acolo1 ! refectory ne> ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia della ,grazie--! mu* re/or$ ,la/ ,supp] by ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,! ,ca/ello ( ,milan 0 at "o "t ! resid5ce ( ! great ,visconti family1 & at ! dea? ( ! la/ male repres5tative pass$ by m>riage into ! h&s ( ! fir/ duke ( ! ,s=za l9e4 ,x 0 dur+ _! reign t ,milan took ! lead 9 ! fa%ion ( ,europe 7:5ce we h ! ^w mill9]7 & x 0 !n t ,leon>do wr\ght 8 ma/]pieces1 includ+ t great eque/rian /atue ( ,francesco ,s=za :i* 0 ! wond] ( ,milan1 & ( :i* po/]ity 0 s unhappily robb$ by ! ,fr5* invasion4 ,,pavia ,f its position close to ! conflu5ce ( ! riv]s ,po & ,tic9o1 ,pavia1 ! ,city ( a hundr$ ,t[]s1 0 = c5turies a po9t ( /rategic importance4 ,x is at pres5t a great artill]y /ation4 ,( its hundr$ t[]s t /ood at int]vals ar\nd ! elev5?-c5tury walls1 h>dly "o rema9s1 & ! old =tifications :i* _h be5 recon/ruct$ at a lat] date1 are rapidly be+ conv]t$ into a spaci\s & %ady b\lev>d4 ,! celebrat$ bridge is h[ev] /ill intact1 despite _m viol5t floods1 a delight to ! eye & a pleasant prom5ade on a hot day4 ,?is notable /ructure1 :i* spans ! ,tic9o1 0 built by "o ( ! great ,visconti family--,gian' ,galeozzo--& is ro($ 94 ,pavia at "o "t 0 ri* 9 noble *ur*es4 ,_m h be5 demoli%$1 o!rs h fall5 into decay4 ,! ca!dral1 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,/efano1 /&s on ! site ( "o erect$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,! pres5t edifice 0 design$ by ,bramante & con/ruct$ "u ! direction ( "o ( 8 pupils1 ,cri/(oro ,rocci4 ,9 ! orig9al plan ! nave1 transepts1 & *oir 7 all ( "o size1 b ! nave is ! only "p 9 :i* ! great ar*itect's measurem5ts 7 foll[$4 ,! faade1 approa*$ by a good flight ( /eps1 is unf9i%$4 ,on ! nor?1 & adjo9+ a f9e example ( a late ,romanesque gateway1 /&s ! campanile4 ,! int]ior ( ! ma9 build+ is grey /one :i* has n be5 spoilt by ! application ( ! :itewa% bru%4 ,a f9e pulpit1 some:at simil> to ^? at ,milan1 /&s out f "o ( ! massive pi]s t support ! octagon4 ,x is ( s+ul>ly l>ge dim5sions & is support$ by well-c>v$ wood5 figures ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! octagon1 :i* c>ries a good dome & t[] & is be/ se5 f ! m>ket squ>e1 rises well above ! ro(s ( ! nave & *oir4 ,a gall]y runn+ r\nd ! entire ca!dral =ms a tri=ium1 brok5 only by trasp>5te lights 9 ! apse & side *apels ( ! *oir4 ,^! w9d[s acc5tuate ! bad po9ts ( ! b>roque alt>s b5ea?4 ,! cl]e/ory lights are circul>4 ,if x 7 n = ! magnific5t tomb 9 :i* repose ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ! greate/ ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 ! ca!dral w\ld be1 not)/&+ ! fame ( its design]1 ! lea/ int]e/+ ecclesia/ical build+ 9 ,pavia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,pavia ,exp]ts disagree z to :o 0 responsible = ! f9e monum5t :i* cov]s ,s4 ,augu/9e's rema9s4 ,! body ( ! sa9t _h be5 remov$ f ,hippo1 a suffragan see ( ,c>?age1 to ,s>d9ia dur+ ! ,arian p]secutions4 ,x re/$ !re until ,liutpr&1 ! ,lomb>d k+1 hav+ pur*as$ x1 plac$ x 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro 9 ,cielo d',oro2 & :5 ?is *ur* 0 de/roy$ x 0 convey$ to ! ca!dral4 ,on c]ta9 fe/ivals ! silv] casket1 portions ( :i* are ! orig9al1 t conta9s ! bones ( ! sa9t rob$ 9 full pontificals is remov$ f its usual position & hoi/$ up beh9d ! tomb1 s t ! dev\t c m\nt a tempor>y wood5 /air & look on all t is left ( ! great fa!r4 ,a figure ( ! sa9t lies /ret*$ on ! sepul*ral urn t usually holds ! silv] casket4 ,?is re/s on ! basem5t1 or l[e/1 ( ! f\r ti]s t compose ! monum5t4 ,ar\nd x are figures ( ! less] sa9ts ( 8 ,ord]4 ,above are bas-reliefs ( ! *ief ev5ts 9 8 life & ! miracles :i* aft] 8 dea? 7 p]=m$ 9 diff]5t places ?r\gh 8 int]cessions4 ,! lib]al arts1 ! c>d9al virtues1 & _m symbols adorn ! tomb1 :i* is also decorat$ ) /atues ( sa9ts & angels1 two hundr$ & n9ety 9 all4 ,!y are extremely well execut$ & enhance ! beauty ( ! design4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mi*ele is a primitive /ructure & be>s traces ( be+ ! precursor ( all ecclesia/ical edifices ( ! ,lomb>d /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,x 0 orig9ally a basilica1 b %ort transepts h be5 add$ & ! ro(1 :i* is gro9$1 is vault$ ) /one4 ,! olde/ "p ( ! *ur* is ! crypt1 :i* is "u ! *oir4 ,?is is probably ! build+1 or "p ( x1 9 :i* ,unulfus s\ght sanctu>y 9 #ffa :5 flee+ f ,k+ ,grimoladus4 ,f\r comp\nd pi]s 9 ! nave are adorn$ ) an extraord9>y s]ies ( sph9xes1 symbols1 animals & o!r figures4 ,! faade is decorat$ ) reliefs 9 a ri*ly col\r$ s&/one1 & has a gabl$ gall]y t is cont9u$ r\nd ! ext]ior z f> z ! apse4 ,! portals are cov]$ ) a pr(usion ( v ar*aic imag]y 9 :i* ,pagan z well z ,*ri/ian subjects =m mo/ ( ! decoration4 ,sculptur$ b&s ( s&/one are plac$ 9 c\rses along ! :ole front & m$allions let into ! walls4 ,^! are v massively built ( /one1 & ?\gh re/oration is evid5t ?r\gh\t ! *ur* x /ill be>s ! impress ( great age4 ,/a4 ,m>ia del ,c>m9e is a f\rte5?-c5tury build+ ( ,go?ic design1 & is "o ( ! v be/ examples ( brickwork 9 all ,italy4 ,! beautiful rose w9d[ ( ! we/ front & ! ?ree po9t$ doors ) _! well-m\ld$ t]ra-cotta ornam5t c\ld h>dly be f9]4 ,sev5 elegant p9nacles /& on ! r heavy cornice1 =m+ a good set (f to ! campanile1 :i*1 surm\nt$ by a brick spire1 is a l&m>k 9 ! di/rict4 ,! brick pi]s ( ! int]ior are exceptionally good2 f\r squ>es con/itute ! nave1 ! ar*es ( ea* c>ry simple gro9+4 ,two small lancet-%ap$ ar*es1 out ( all proportion ) ! massive brick pi]s t support !m1 op5 into ! aisles4 ,!y h d\ble capitals1 ! upp] be+ ( /one1 ! l[] ( c>v$ brick4 ,9 ! ru9$ *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro 9 ,cielo d',oro /ood ! tomb ( ,boe?ius1 :o "u ,!odoric held high (fice 9 ! /ate4 ,boe?ius 0 execut$ 9 ,pavia aft] a long & rigor\s conf9em5t 9 ! ,casa ,malsap ina1 dur+ :i* he wrote 8 incomp>able ,consolations ( ,philosophy4 ,?is "w 0 translat$ into _m languages & 0 "o ( ! mo/ widely kn[n treatises 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,alfr$ ! ,great translat$ x into ,saxon4 ,ano!r connection ) ,engl& exi/s ?r\gh ,ar*bi%op ,lanfranc :o accompani$ ,william ! ,conqu]or across ! sea & 0 made prelate ( ,cant]bury4 ,! di/rict r\nd ,pavia is n heal?y1 a condition due probably to ! intricate sy/em ( irrigation by :i* ! pa/ures are kept gre5 ) a rank-gr[+ grass4 ,betwe5 ,pavia1 ,piac5za & ,lodi--a triangle ) ! la/-nam$ at ! nor!rn po9t--lies ! c\ntry :i* yields ! be/ ,p>mesan *eese4 ,! fields are ( ?ree k9ds1 ^? ne>ly always "u wat]1 ^? irrigat$1 & ^? us$ = rotation crops4 ,! cattle t are utilis$ = *eese-mak+ are mo/ly ,swiss br$1 & be+ valuable are well look$ aft]4 ,!y are /all$ at sund[n 9 ! build+s atta*$ to ! great f>ms1 :]e f>mh\se1 cottages1 b>ns & /ables are all enclos$ )9 a high wall4 ,! little rectangul> pat*es ( mead[ on :i* !y fe$ are enclos$ by r[s ( popl>s or will[s :i* make ! l&scape v monoton\s4 ,9 w9t] a d5se fog (t5 %r\ds ! c\ntryside & a deadly *ill p]vades ! atmosph]e1 :ile ! humidity ( summ]1 :5 ! sun draws ! moi/ure f ! soak+ e>?1 is v en]vat+4 ,,b]gamo ,:5 ,octob] comes 9 its ye>ly r\nd & ! autumn aft]noons close 91 x is sometimes good to sit idly outside a caff ) ! p]nici\s cig>ette & rum9ate on ! glories ( a pa/ summ]--bett] ?is ?an to hu/le up ! /reet a sight-see+4 ,a hot day 0 end+ & ! ,b]gamo ( m$ival times t[]$ above ! haze ( a sun-bak$ l& & ! smoke t curl$ upw>ds 9 ?9 wrea?s f ! city bel[4 ,la ,citt ,alta ?us rais$ its head pr\dly aga9/ ! copp]-col\r$ sky1 ?ru/+ its bulw>ks to ! edge ( "o ( ! la/ spurs ( ! ,alps t "h creep d[n on to ! pla94 ,:at a gr& prospect f ! %ady b\lev>d on ^? ramp>ts :i* encircle ! old =tress6 ,! sun has n yet set2 b5ea? lies ! ,borgo ,s4 ,leon>do1 ! l[] city1 a busy place ) factory *imneys on its outskirts2 beyond1 a sea ( v]dure1 cut by l9es ( tall popl>s & "h & !re a sl5d] campanile1 /ret*es away ov] ,lomb>dy until lo/ 9 ! haze pa/ ! t[]s & domes ( ,monza1 ,cremona1 & di/ant ,milan4 ,!re is some?+ v fasc9at+ 9 ! quiet & exclusive old city4 ,its /reets are /eep & n>r[1 its h\ses seem to rake ! sky1 ! rattle ( :eels does n (t5 di/urb ! ari/ocratic sil5ce1 a sil5ce acc5tuat$ t5fold :5 "o has left beh9d its busy plebeian p>tn] on ! pla9 bel[1 & :isk$ upw>ds by ! funicul>1 f\nd oneself sudd5ly amid/ high walls4 ,great spaces ( fac$ /one are ^! walls1 pi]c$ by t9y w9d[s1 almo/ =bidd+ 9 _! au/]ity2 & ?\gh glimpses ( foliage & fl[]+ creep]s break ?r\gh1 ! p]vad+ air is "o ( my/]y & intrigue4 ,9 ! w>s ) ,au/ria1 ,b]gamo 0 a great rally+-po9t = patriots & a cont9ual ?orn 9 ! side ( t polyglot empire4 ,! names ( h]oic ,b]gamasque :o di$ = _! c\ntry are inscrib$ on sundry tablets on ! walls "u ! old ,brotello4 ,?is int]e/+ build+ /&s at "o end ( ! little ,piazza ,g>ibaldi1 & is some:at simil> to ! "o :i* =ms ! illu/ration to ,como1 ) ! diff]5ce t "h a f9e op5 /airway leads up to ! fir/ floor4 ,! great hall is n[ occupi$ z a libr>y4 ,9 a corn] at ! head ( ! /airs rises a massive quadrangul> belfry1 "o ( ! prom95t features 9 ! outl9e ( ,la ,citt ,alta4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]gamo ,beyond ! ,brotello lies ! ,ca!dral1 a well-proportion$ ,r5aissance build+1 :i*1 by its juxtaposition to ! mu* m anci5t *ur* ( ,/a ,m>ia ,maggiore1 looks comp>atively ( rec5t date4 ,x is con/ruct$ entirely ( :ite m>ble & has a good dome4 ,a ,madonna by ,g4 ,bell9i beh9d ! high alt> is its great treasure1 & ! only ?+ 9 x wor?y ( notice4 ,/a ,m>ia is an e>ly ,lomb>d pile ( build+s1 ) a v l(ty t[] & an octagon ov] ! cross+1 :i* rises 9 f\r gall]i$ /oreys surm\nt$ by a l[ spire4 ,good gall]ies ext5d r\nd ! ext]ior ( ! apse1 & side *apels are ?ru/ out at odd places ) no p>ticul> plan4 ,! ea/ por* is by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ feature1 & is an elaborate piece ( "w 9 breccia & :ite m>ble4 ,! support+ pill>s re/ on ! backs ( two lions1 ! old ecclesia/ical symbol ( /r5g?1 ! columns ( ! portal are beautifully sculptur$1 & "o ( !m1 encircl$ ) admirable figures1 is v f9e4 ,above is a canopy "u :i*1 on 8 horse1 sits ,k+ ,lupus ) two att5dants1 :ile b5ea? a second canopy on top are /atuettes ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 & ! two ,m>ys4 ,! we/ por* is almo/ simil> to ?is1 b ( n s intricate a design4 ,x has also no canopies1 b is surm\nt$ by a turret ni*e1 let into ! wall ( ! ma9 build+1 9 :i* is ! figure ( ! patroness4 ,! doors ( ^! two portals are ( sup]bly gra9$ rosewood4 ,!y op5 into ! transepts1 :i* are ! f9e/ portions ( ! int]ior1 ! c>v$ *oir /alls & scre5 by ,/efano da ,b]gamo are consid]$ ! be/ 9 ,italy4 ,adjo9+ ! ea/ por* is ! ,capella ,colleoni1 ! mausoleum ( ,b>tolommeo ,colleoni ! celebrat$ condotti]e ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ^: eque/rian /atue 9 front ( ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo 9 ,v5ice is rem>kable1 n only z a "w ( art1 b z exemplify+ ! p[] & rugg$ /r5g? ( a great man4 ,! faade is t]ribly ornate1 ) *equ] "w 9 :ite & black m>ble1 r$ & yell[ bu/s & m$allions1 twi/$ pill>s & /range arabesques4 ,! int]ior conta9s ! tomb ( ,b>tolommeo :o sits a/ride 8 horse4 ,x is r too elaborate to be entirely pleas+4 ,at ! s\? end is "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( int>sia1 or inlaid wood-"w1 9 ,italy4 ,! subjects ( ! ?ree panels repres5t ! entry into ,j]usalem1 & sc5es f ! /irr+ times 9 :i* ! great condotti]e play$ s prom95t a "p4 ,! backgr\nds are evid5tly ( l&scape 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,n only is ! _s & execution ( ?is f9e "w extremely good1 b ! col\r surpasses any?+ ( ! sort ,i h se54 ,x is kept "u lock & key1 enclos$ 9 ?ree rosewood panels ( well-select$ gra94 ,n f> f ! *apel is ! h\se 9 :i* ,donizetti di$4 ,! ,borgo ,s4 ,leon>do is ( old] date ?an ,la ,citt ,alta1 al?\gh x is ! m mod]n ( ! two4 ,on ! base ( a damag$ ,cor9?ian column /&+ 9 ! small piazza ( ,/a ,m>ia d',oleono is an old ,lat9 inscription :i* tells t ! column 0 erect$ :]e once /ood a hea!n temple1 & t ,s4 ,aless&ro1 /&>d-be>] to ! ,!ban ,legion1 ov]?rew ! hea!n pill> by a miracle1 ! column be+ erect$ by memb]s ( ! municipality ) ! alms ( ! fai?ful4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! ,p]gamus ( anci5t writ]s is ! city on ! hill or its si/] on ! pla92 ?is relic r po9ts to ! latt] z ! site4 ,9 ! ,borgo a fair1 held = a mon? f ! middle ( ,augu/1 & kn[n z ! ,fi]a di ,sant' ,aless&ro1 has tak5 place )\t int]mission s9ce ! t5? c5tury--surely a record2 & !re is no d\bt t 9 ! anci5t ,italian drama1 h>lequ91 p]sonify+ ! mann]s & j>gon ( ! neighb\r+ ,val ,brembana1 0 a ,b]gamasque1 & orig9at$ at ?is anci5t fe/ival4 ,,brescia ,brescia1 l ,b]gamo1 is situat$ on ! fr+e ( ! m\nta9s & ! pla9s1 & l ,b]gamo play$ an important "p 9 ! w>s aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,its ca/ello /&s high above ! re/ ( ! city1 b 9 ! face ( ! p[] possess$ ( mod]n arms x w\ld n be wor? a g>rison4 ,s its ramp>ts & entr5*m5ts h be5 wisely conv]t$ into a pleasant g>d5 f :i* wide views ( roll+ c\ntry & level pla9 ext5d4 ,_m traces ( ! ,roman colony ( ,brescia rema91 b x 0 due to a small boy ( ! virile race t populate ! city t ! mo/ int]e/+ 0 une>!d4 ,:5 a *ild1 ,girolamo ,ioli 0 mu* ex]cis$ 9 m9d ab\t a ,cor9?ian column t /uck out ( ! gr\nd & ar\nd :i* he 0 wont to play4 ,9 matur] ye>s ! curiosity ( y\? 0 /ill ! rul+ passion1 & he made x 8 bus9ess to agitate4 ,l _m ano!r agitator 8 dem&s 7 9 "t gratifi$1 & excavations 7 comm5c$ :i* result$ 9 ! une>?+ ( a build+ erect$ by ,vespasian x is suppos$ 9 ! ye> #gb--! supposition re/+ on fragm5t>y inscriptions4 ,palace ( ,ju/ice or temple1 ?is build+ is n[ ! museum1 & conta9s "o ( ! f9e/ bronzes ,italy c boa/ (4 ,f\nd 9 #ahbf1 ?is beautiful w+$ figure ( ,victory1 :i* is six feet high1 /ill be>s a trace ( ! silv] fillet int]wov5 ) a wrea? ( laurel-leaves t b\nd h] hair4 ,! la/-c5tury additions ( a %ield1 :i* %e 0 ?\ght to h held1 & a helmet "u "o ( h] feet1 h be5 remov$1 & ,victory /&s 9 ! /ate 9 :i* %e 0 discov]$4 ,! head & limbs are f9ely modell$1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! drap]y c\ld n be excell$4 ,d[n ! wide /reet 9 front ( ! ,museum a ,cor9?ian column & heavy frieze1 support$ by massive brick pill>s1 h be5 excavat$4 ,opposite ^! relics is ! huge ,m>t95go ,palace4 ,9 a l9e due s\? is ! *ur* ( ,/a ,afra built on ! site ( a temple to ,saturn4 ,mo/ ( ! h\ses 9 ! vic9ity h ,roman masonry 9 _! basem5ts & ,roman inscriptions let into _! walls4 ,f ?is "o ga!rs t anci5t ,brixia occupi$ ?is "p ( ! lat] city4 ,write x d[n to ! cr$it ( ,brescia t h] citiz5s pass$ a law z e>ly z #adhj t all antiquities f\nd %\ld be pres]v$ & giv5 up to ! t[n4 ,!re are two ca!drals 9 ,brescia1 ,la ,rotunda & ! ,duomo ,nuovo4 ,! =m] is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ecclesia/ical build+s 9 ,italy4 ,con/ruct$ ( /one1 ) a r$ brick dog-too? cornice & tw5ty-f\r brick ar*es1 support$ by :ite m>ble pila/]s =m+ an arcade into :i* ! ext]ior is divid$1 a mo/ pleas+ effect is obta9$4 ,9 ! int]ior a circul> colonnade1 compos$ ( eight extremely massive f\r-sid$ pi]s be>+ r\nd ar*es1 supports ! /one dome4 ,x is suppos$ to be ( sev5?-c5tury con/ruction1 & is evid5tly on ! site ( an e>li] ,roman build+1 z fragm5ts ( a mosaic floor exi/ b5ea? ! pres5t "o4 ,?is1 :i* is p>tly tesselat$1 is mu* bel[ ! level ( ! gr\nd outside4 ,l[] /ill1 b5ea? ! presbyt]y & *oir1 d[n tw5ty /eps1 is a v anci5t crypt1 9 :i* =ty m>ble columns support ! r\nd ar*es t c>ry ! weight ( ! fabric above4 ,none ( ^! columns is m ?an five feet high4 ,half a doz5 block$ up lights1 ) bases n m ?an ?ree feet f ! floor1 are evid5ce t outside1 ! level ( ! gr\nd 0 at "o "t f> bel[ :]e x is at pres5t4 ,! ,duomo ,nuovo is a f9ely proportion$ edifice & "o ( ! be/ sev5te5?-c5tury *ur*es 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! faade is imm5se & ga9s by its simplicity4 ,! f9e dome is said to be ! ?ird 9 size 9 ,italy2 & ! l(ty int]ior ( :ite m>ble1 unspoilt by any col\r or decoration1 ga9s 9 space f ! fact t !re is b "o bay to ! nave1 produc+ ! effect on ! s5ses t "o is ev]y:]e /&+ "u ! spaci\s height ( ,brescia's greate/ l&m>k4 ,! h\ses ( ! piazza outside are *iefly occupi$ by metal-work]s1 & ^? :o "k ! incessant d9 produc$ by ! tapp+ ( _! hamm]s1 w q und]/& t x 0 impossible to make a sket* ( ^! two *ur*es z !y /& toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brescia ,adjo9+ ! ,duomo ,nuovo is ! ,brotello ) its f9e ,torre del ,popolo1 an embattl$ t[]4 ,! inn] c\rty>d is p>tly ( r$ brick ) a good corridor ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 =m$ ( po9t$ & r\nd ar*es & brick gro9+4 ,ano!r f9e t[] /&s 9 ! ,piazza ,vec*ia1 ! ,torre del' ,orologio4 ,its enorm\s dial m>ks ! h\rs f ,i to ,,xxiv1 ! c\rse ( ! sun & moon1 & has ! signs ( ! ,zodiac display$ on its face4 ,two figures t /& on top ( ! t[] /rike ! h\rs 9 a simil> way to ^? on ! ,clock ,t[] ( ,v5ice4 ,at ! we/ end ( ! piazza is ,la ,loggia1 ! t[n hall1 a good example ( an e>ly sixte5?-c5tury build+4 ,x 0 comm5c$1 to be accurate1 by ,tornasso ,=m5tone 9 #adib & cont9u$ f 8 designs z f> z ! fir/ floor4 ,sansov9o 0 responsible = ! second1 & ,palladio complet$ :at ! o!r two _h begun4 ,! build+1 h[ev]1 z a :ole1 is sup]b4 ,magnific5t ar*es support ! fir/ floor1 to :i* a gr& op5 /aircase leads4 ,! m$allions & figures :i* adorn ! ext]ior are extremely good1 & ! frieze & cornice are equally s4 ,! ri* col\r ( ! m>ble employ$ l5ds a beautiful tone to a beautiful build+4 ,un=tunately ! int]ior 0 burnt out 9 ,janu>y #aege4 ,! fire :i* consum$ x is suppos$ to h orig9at$ at ! in/igation ( ^? :o wi%$ to de/roy c]ta9 anci5t *>t]s grant+ lib]ties to ! inhabitants4 ,! ,torre della ,pallata is 9 a corn] ( ! squ>e--a good specim5 ( ca/ellat$ ar*itecture1 :i* rises f a slop+ base ( imm5se /ones & t]m9ates ) a project+ turret4 ,brescia conta9s _m f9e palaces1 & f ! /reets into :i* !y op5 "o (t5 gets a glimpse1 ?r\gh ! iron grille ( _! portals1 ( a *>m+ arcad$ c\rt4 ,! spla% ( a fl[] emb[]$ f\nta9 is music to e> & ! cool %ade "u ! ar*es a re/ = eye4 ,,v]ona ,^? :o ent] ! ,br5n] ,pass1 & ) faces set t[>ds ,italy1 leave ,innsbruck beh9d1 may h notic$ h[1 aft] toilsome puff+ & /ra9+ uphill1 ! tra9 sudd5ly seems to draw brea? & glide smoo?ly onw>ds ) increas$ pace4 ,at ! side ( ! iron road a little ?read ( wat] dances m]rily ov] a pebble b$ 9 its ha/e to rea* ! sunny pla9s t lie to ! s\? ( ! great m\nta9 b>ri]4 ,fur!r on ! rail & its sp>kl+ att5dant "p company to jo9 lat]1 :51 f _! sl5d] orig91 ! wat]s h become a ru%+ riv]--! riv] ,adige4 ,! m\nta9s are beh9d1 to ! nor?2 ! "* ( ! l&scape has *ang$1 & )9 a horse%oe b5d ( ! swift /ream1 well-nigh enclos$ by x1 lies ,v]ona4 ,v]ona ,la ,degna1 ,v]ona ! ,wor?y1 a city cramm$ ) ! hi/ory ( pa/ w>s1 a city ( col\r1 9 its bricks1 9 its /ones1 9 its m>ble walls & fresco adorn$ palaces4 ,:]ev] "o turns1 be x ! pale gre5 ( ! riv] on :i* ! :eels ( ^? wat]mills1 s l ! ,noah's ,ark ( *ildhood's days1 = ev] turn1 or ! brilliant & ke5 blue ( ! sky1 !re is always col\r = ! eye 9 ,v]ona4 ,col\r = ! m9d too lies conceal$ 9 its /reets & build+s4 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,o/rogo? & ,frank1 ,italians & ,au/rians1 h all rul$ "h4 ,rul$ & gone & left _! trace on ?is beautiful city--! key to ,alt' ,italia--:i* ,italy once m holds & gu>ds ) jeal\s eye4 ,long may %e keep x4 ,v]ona is connect$ ) two great names 9 ! hi/ory ( ,italian ar*itecture1 ,fr ,giaconda1 ! monk :o 9 ! e>ly days ( ,r5aissance 0 supreme 9 ! nor?1 & ,sanmi*eli4 ,_m ( ! f9e palaces ! =m] design$ be> evid5ce ( 8 tal5t & ju/ify ! summons to ,rome1 :]e he w5t at an advanc$ age to sup]9t5d ! build+ ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,! latt]1 :o evolv$ ! triangul> & p5tangul> ba/ion1 is m widely kn[n 9 ! sci5ce ( =tification ?an z a build]4 ,fr ,giacondo's f9e/ "w 9 ,v]ona is und\bt$ly ! ,palazzo del ,consiglio1 ! old t[n hall call$ ,la ,loggia1 :i* /&s on ! nor? side ( ! ,piazza dei ,signori1 "o ( ! mo/ ar*itecturally beautiful squ>es 9 ,italy4 ,! ,palazzo della ,ragione1 ) a c\rty>d & gr& op5 /airway ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 is on ! s\? ( ! squ>e next door to ! ,tribunale1 & ! ,prefettura is opposite4 ,! f9e portal ( ! latt] is "o ( ,sanmi*eli's works4 ,^! magnific5t build+s1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/-nam$1 7 all at "o "t or ano!r palaces ( ! great family ( ,scalig]i or ,della ,scala1 & 9 "o ( !m ,dante1 ^: /atue is 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,piazza1 f\nd refuge :5 driv5 f ,flor5ce4 ,! family ( ,scalig]i1 al?\gh settl$ 9 ,v]ona z e>ly z #ajhe1 comes fir/ be=e ! hi/orian at ! dea? ( ! bloody tyrant ,ezzel9o 9 #abfa4 ,v]ona1 fre$ f 8 t]rible rule1 became at t date a free t[n1 & ,ma/9o della ,scala accept$ ! (fice ( ,capitano del ,popolo4 ,onw>ds = ov] a hundr$ ye>s ! ,scalig]i gov]n$ ,v]ona2 & dur+ ! reign ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ! race1 ,francesco1 or ,c ,gr&e1 ,great ,dog1 x became ! ga!r+-place = m5 ( note ( all sorts1 & 8 palace ! home ( ! great poet4 ,! family cre/1 a ladd]1 is to be se5 all ov] ! city1 :ile ! unique gr\p ( ! ,scala tombs is )\t a p>allel4 ,?is wond]ful gr\p /&s outside ! little *ur* ( ,/a ,m>ia ,antica at ! end ( a passage lead+ out ( ! ,piazza dei ,signori4 ,( ^! tombs1 t ( ,ma/9o ,i4 is a simple s>cophagus ornam5t$ ) no?+ b a cross4 ,x 0 at "o "t cov]$ ) a canopy1 b ! /ones ( ?is1 be+ h&y1 7 us$ = ! re/oration ( ,/a ,m>ia ,antica close by4 ,! tomb ( ,c ,gr&e =ms ! canopy ov] ! portal ( ?is *ur*4 ,columns support its ?ree /oreys4 ,^u a s>cophagus lies an effigy ( ! ,great ,dog ) 8 good sword at 8 side2 above is 8 eque/rian /atue 9 full arm\r4 ,ma/9o ,,ii1 :o succe$$ 8 uncle ,c ,gr&e1 is likewise repres5t$ by a recumb5t figure on ! s>cophagus ( 8 tomb1 :i* is also cr[n$ by an eque/rian /atue 9 arm\r4 ,! visor ( 8 helmet is drawn d[n1 & !reby hangs ! tale t ,ma/9o 0 a%am$ to %[ 8 face1 ev5 to 8 wife1 aft] he _h trea*]\sly sla9 ) 8 own sword 8 relative1 ,bi%op ,b>tolommeo della ,scala4 ,c ,signorio's monum5t1 ?\gh n ! mo/ elaborate1 is decid$ly ! f9e/4 ,at ! f\r corn]s "u beautiful po9t$ canopies1 are ! figures ( ,sigismundo1 ,alexius1 ,/4 ,george1 & ,signorio himself4 ,a great deal ( ! bronze "w & detail ab\t ?is tomb is v good1 & ! eque/rian figure on ! top is excell5t4 ,!re1 ga!r$ toge!r1 ^! w>rior pr9ces ( ! great family repose 9 _! la/ long sleep4 ,^? :o deem ! p5 mighti] ?an ! sword1 may c>e to reflect t a fame m univ]sal & la/+ ?an t ( all ! ,delia ,scalas has be5 atta9$ by a ,fr5* s*ol> ( ! sixte5? c5tury :o also bore ! "n ( ,scalig]4 ,yet ev5 ?is pr9ce ( le>n+ 0 pr\d] ( 8 traditional desc5t f ! noble ,v]onese h\se ?an ( all 8 a*ievem5ts 9 ! _w ( lett]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,por* ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,v]ona ,& ,v]ona's *ur*es8 ,tradition says t ,*>lemagne erect$ ! fir/ build+ on ! site ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! pres5t edifice1 ?\gh almo/ entirely recon/ruct$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 comm5c$ 9 ! t5?4 ,! mo/ anci5t "p t rema9s1 probably a portion ( ! fir/ *ur*1 is ! apse1 :i* on its ext]ior be>s traces ( ,roman influ5ce4 ,x is v simply built ( a small cut grey free/one1 fac$ ) flat pila/]s t]m9at+ 9 ,roman capitals1 above :i* is a frieze ( floral patt]n4 ,9 ! rema9d] ( ! build+ ,v]ona m>ble & ! ri* yell[ /one ( ! di/rict are us$4 ,! d\ble-ar*$ we/ por* ( ! twelf? c5tury is exceptionally good4 ,two colossal gryphons support elegant columns1 & /ill comm& a c]ta9 am\nt ( awe among/ ! small] *ildr5 :o play ab\t ! ,piazza del ,duomo4 ,bo? ar*es are r\nd2 ! l[] is support$ by f\r columns1 ! upp] by eight4 ,repres5tations on ! inn] %afts ( ! l[] ar* ( ! two ,palad9s1 ,rol& & ,oliv]1 give a semblance to ! tradition t ,*>lemagne _h some?+ to d ) ! fir/ *ur* erect$ "h4 ,oliv] holds 8 celebrat$ sword1 on :i* is inscrib$ ,du-r9-d>-da4 ,rol& is cross-legg$ & be>s 8 %ield4 ,!y are bo? se5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! col\r ( ?is por* & faade is v beautiful4 ,great blocks ( r$ m>ble int]m+le ) yell[ /one1 :ite & p9k m>ble c\rses cont9ue ! con/ruction above1 & arabesques ( a wea!r$ grey /one complete ! h>mony4 ,! f9e s\? portal is an e>li] erection4 ,"s anci5t frescoes decorate ! lunette1 & mon/]s gr9 at "o l a nightm>e f above4 ,! int]ior is l(ty & v /rik+4 ,trem5d\s columns support ! l[ ,go?ic ro(1 ! vault+ ( :i* h>dly exce$s ! height ( ! ar*es betwe5 ! nave & aisles4 ,_m signs ( giv+ way & cracks 9 ! masonry h necessitat$ iron gird]s1 :i* detract some:at f a f9e effect4 ,! heavy capitals ( ! nave columns are r5d]$ r unsightly by ?ree c\rses ( floral design4 ,! aisles are po9t$1 n>r[1 & v good4 ,encircl+ ! high alt> is a colonnade scre51 :i* ?\gh beautiful 9 itself & design$ by ,sanmi*eli1 is sadly out ( place4 ,! f9e bronze crucifix :i* surm\nts x is by ,gianbatti/a da ,v]ona4 ,! cloi/]s lie on ! nor? side ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,ab\t half a doz5 feet bel[ ! level ( ! pavem5t1 /&+ on its base1 is a f9e ,cor9?ian column1 ) a ,roman floor ar\nd4 ,betwe5 !m & ! e>ly ,lomb>d *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,fonte is a tortu\s corridor l9$ ) sepul*ral slabs ( _m ar*bi%ops & bi%ops4 ,?is little d>k *ur* is =m$ ( f\r small bays & 0 =m]ly ! old bapti/]y4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! nave /&s a huge octagonal font1 ) a small] "o inside1 :]e9 /ood ! (ficiat+ prie/4 ,! figures 9 bas-relief on ^! two fonts1 :i* by ! way are cut f "o solid block ( m>ble1 are well wor? /udy+4 ,ano!r ,go?ic *ur* is ,sant' ,ana/asia1 :i* 0 comm5c$ by ! ,dom9icans 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury & is /ill incomplete4 ,! nave is v f9e & has ! same l[ vault+ t is a feature 9 ! ,ca!dral2 its walls1 too1 are crack$ & held toge!r by iron gird]s4 ,close to ! we/ door 9 ! int]ior are two humpback$ figures :i* hold ! ,holy ,wat] bas9s & are ( "s int]e/4 ,"o ( !m 0 execut$ by ! fa!r ( ,paolo ,v]onese & ! o!r by ,aless&ro ,rossi1 :o took 8 cripple son ,gobb9o = 8 model4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ecclesia/ical fabric 9 ! city is1 h[ev]1 ! *ur* ( ,san ,z5one4 ,x is unspoilt by any?+ flamboyant or gaudy1 & is a f9e example ( ,romanesque ar*itecture--"s consid] x ! f9e/ 9 ,nor? ,italy4 ,a n9?-c5tury build+ /ood "h be=e ! pres5t /ructure 0 begun 9 #aach4 ,! we/ faade is m>ble1 ! apse & sides ( alt]nat+ brick & m>ble c\rses4 ,! great portal is a mo/ elaborate example ( e>ly twelf?-c5tury "w1 on :i* are rudely sculptur$ knights engag+ 9 deadly combat1 scriptural subjects & imitations ( ,roman bas-reliefs ) ,lat9 inscriptions4 ,!odoric on horseback1 ) feet 9 /irrups--a v e>ly repres5tation ( su*--& ,roman dress1 engages 9 ! *ase ( ! de] ) ! ,devil4 ,! att5dant dogs are evil spirits furni%$ to ! ,emp]or by ! ,ar*-fi5d4 ,! n9?-c5tury bronze doors are v rem>kable & consi/ ( =ty-two squ>e plates fix$ on to p9e-wood4 ,! subjects ( ea* panel1 :i* are ,biblical1 are mo/ int]e/+2 "s ( ! little figures we> ! conical flat-brimm$ hat t may /ill be se5 on ! heads ( ! %eph]ds 9 ! m remote di/ricts ( ,v5etia4 ,^! doors boa/ no h&les1 b two huge grotesque heads d duty in/ead1 & are ! means ( op5+ & clos+ !m4 ,above ! portal is a :eel-(-=tune w9d[ execut$ by ,briolotus4 ,at ! top is ! figure ( a k+1 & at ! bottom lies a pro/rate man2 betwe5 ^! two are _m figures climb+ up & fall+ d[n 9 _! ef=ts to rea* ! be/ place4 ,! faade t]m9ates 9 a gable1 ) a lean-to on ei!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,s4 ,,z5o1 ,,v]ona ,! int]ior is v /rik+1 n only 9 its good proportions b 9 its simplicity1 :i* no side-alt>s m>4 ,z 9 ! ca!dral at ,*e/]1 "o ent]s f ! we/ d[n a flight ( /eps1 held a mom5t 9 admiration by ! solemn gr&eur ( ?is f9e *ur*4 ,! beautiful l>* ro( so>s away f> above ! mell[$ floor1 ! w>m col\r ( ! walls & dep? ( %ad[ ?r\gh ! ar*es ( ! crypt bel[ ! *oir1 create a h>mony ( col\r f our po9t ( vantage n (t5 met ) 9 ,italy's *ur*es4 ,! aisles are divid$ f ! nave by alt]nate pi]s & r$ m>ble pill>s1 ! =m] ) asc5d+ ,doric pila/]s1 two ( :i*1 ne> ! we/ end1 support a fly+ ar* b5ea? ! ro( & are evid5t traces ( an e>ly vault+4 ,at ! end ( ! nave1 & occupy+ its la/ ?ree bays1 is ! rais$ *oir rea*$ by two flights ( m>ble /eps on ei!r side ( ^? lead+ d[n into ! crypt4 ,on ! r$ m>ble balu/rade ( ! *oir are figures ( ,*ri/ & ! twelve apo/les4 ,9 a ni*e on ! s\? side is a =bidd+ look+ figure ( ,s4 ,z5o1 ! patron sa9t ( ! city1 :o1 be+ an ,african1 is repres5t$ ) a black face4 ,! apse at ! ea/ end 0 rebuilt 9 ! fifte5? c5tury & has ,go?ic w9d[s4 ,! old ,b5$ict9e cloi/]s ( ! once atta*$ mona/]y /& on ! nor?1 & conta9 among/ o!r tombs tw5ty-n9e ( ! ,della ,scalas4 ,! cloi/]s & tombs are admirably pres]v$4 ,! =m] consi/s ( brick ar*es1 po9t$ on ! ea/ & we/1 & r\nd on ! nor? & s\?1 support$ by c\pl$ columns ( r$ m>ble4 ,( ,v]ona's =ty *ur*es ^! ?ree are ! mo/ typical & int]e/+1 & ,san ,z5one1 ) its great ar*itectural simplicity & wond]ful campanile1 holds ! palm4 ,x is a city ( %apely bell-t[]s2 e *ur* has "o4 ,"s are high1 o!rs l[ & unpret5d+2 "s are flat topp$1 o!rs embattl$ or cr[n$ by ! r$ brick spire :i* greets "o fur!r we/ 9 ! lake c\ntry4 ,b ! mo/ beautiful ( all is t :i* /&s at a corn] ( ! ,piazza dei ,signori1 adjo9+ ! ,palazzo della ,ragione1 & re>s its head ov] two hundr$ & fifty feet f ! pavem5t bel[4 ,l a que51 ?is graceful ,campanile del ,municipio /&s1 dom9at+ h] subjects ! o!r t[]s1 ) all ! t9kl+ bells !y conta94 ,across ! riv] f ! vantage-gr\nd ( ! t]race on ! hill b5ea? ! ,ca/ello ,s4 ,pietro1 ,v]ona lies mapp$ out4 ,h] dull r$ & br[n ro(s rem9d "o ( ! h>moni\s col\rs ( a ,bokh>an rug4 ,imm$iately bel[1 at ! foot ( ! hill1 are ! ru9s ( ! ,roman !atre1 & ! gre5 wat]s ( ! ,adige1 ru%+ "u ! ar*es ( ! old /one bridge close by4 ,/raight z a l9e ran ! ,roman /reet to ! ,porta dei ,bors>i1 erect$ "u ! ,emp]or ,galli5us 9 #bfe1 & out into ! c\ntry beyond4 ,betwe5 ?is old gateway1 :i* /&s a?w>t ! /reet almo/ block+ x1 & ! riv]1 is m$ival ,v]ona1 int]sect$ & cross$ by hundr$s ( vicoli1 or lanes1 & full ( subjects = a pa9t]'s bru% 9 ! cortili t fr+e !m4 ,at ! corn] ( ! ,vicola ,pigna & ! ,alley ( ! ,jutt+ ,/one1 is a l[ m>ble column ) a huge fir-cone on ! top1 a rem9isc5ce ( ,roman days4 ,ne> at h& is ! f9e palace t ,sanmi*eli erect$ = ! ,m9iscal*i family1 & 9 a lane a few /eps away1 a crumbl+ remnant ( ano!r f9e h\se ) a beautiful portal & r[ ( w9d[s4 ,^! are b a few ?+s 9 ! seclud$ byways ( old ,v]ona1 :]e "o's feet cont9ually l$ "o on j\rneys ( discov]y4 ,_m a sil5t & des]t$ c\rty>d ,i f\nd1 :]e ! grass %yly ?ru/ its head betwe5 ! cobble/ones1 & :]e creep]s came wantonly trail+ d[n ov] old walls 9 a sweet endeav\r to hide ! decay ( man's h&iwork4 ,f all ^! x is b a /ep to ! focus ( ! city's life1 ! ,piazza delle ,erbe1 ! =um ( ,roman rule1 & ! mo/ picturesque m>ket squ>e 9 ,italy4 ,9 ! c5tre--& se5 9 ! sket*--is ! small op5 tribune :i* occupies ! place ( an old build+ :]e ! newly elect$ ,capitano del ,popolo 0 inve/$ ) ! insignia ( 8 (fice4 ,! f\nta9 f>!r up ! squ>e 0 erect$ by ,b]5g>ius 9 #iaf1 & suppli$ ) fre% wat] by ,c ,signorio4 ,! figure surm\nt+ x gazes /onily e day ov] a sea ( umbrellas :i* %elt] ! m>ket folk bel[4 ,c ,signorio beautifi$ 8 native city1 & erect$ ! t[] at ! end ( ! piazza--a t[] :i* c boa/ ( ! fir/ public clock4 ,! ,lion ( ,/4 ,m>k /&s on an isolat$ column1 surr\nd$ by vegetable & fruit /alls1 9 front ( ! ,palazzo ,tresa1 a highly ornate specim5 ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,_m ( ! old h\ses /ill be> traces ( ! frescoes :i* cov]$ !m1 & :i* at "o "t mu/ h made ,v]ona's /reets v]itable gall]ies ( decorative art4 ,o!rs reta9 ! m>ble balconies :i* =m$ s fasc9at+ a feature ( ! city's ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,m>ket ,,place1 ,,v]ona ,( e>li] days !re /ill rema9s "o ( ! gr&e/ ru9s 9 ,italy--! celebrat$ ,amphi!atre4 ,x 0 ! night ( a hot day2 a blood-r$ moon1 m\nt+ on h] upw>d pa? 9 ! copp]-col\r$ sky1 left a grim mass ( deep %ad[ b5ea?4 ,bats 7 hawk+ 9 & out ( ! black %ad[1 z yet unreliev$ by ! electric lights1 & ! spaci\s piazza 0 ne>ly empty4 ,an om9\s feel+1 int5sifi$ by ! di/ant hum ( ! busi] p>ts ( ! city1 unsettl$ "o's n]ves4 ,my ?\ghts travell$ back to ! "t :51 !re beh9d t gloomy mass1 slaves w\ld be cleans+ ! ar5a aft] a sc5e ( cruel sport1 & ! di/ant hum 0 no?+ b ! excit$ ?rongs discuss+ ! brutal slaught]4 ,did ! great poet 9 8 twilight w&]+s ev] see su* a moon & su* a sky8 ,x 0 c]ta9ly an ev5+ t w\ld h entic$ him to %un ! noisy company ( 8 fell[ m5 & saunt] alone 9 ! %ad[ ( ! great ,amphi!atre4 ,p]haps 8 _s 0 !re n[4 ,small wond] t 9 my dreams t night ! h[ls ( a cruel audi5ce & ! g5tl5ess ( ! lonely poet 7 mix$ up 9 inextricable confusion4 ,,padua ,! qua9t old city ( ,padua lies on ! beat5 track to ,v5ice4 ,9 its great ,basilica repose ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,giotto's frescoes 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,madonna are /ill a glory to behold1 its univ]sity is "o ( ! olde/ 9 ,europe1 & ! mod]n epicure c dr9k c(fee ( ! v be/ at ,p$roc*i's1 an e/abli%m5t z well kn[n among/ ,italians z ! celebrat$ ,florian's at ,v5ice4 ,! orig9 ( ,padua goes back to ,ant5or1 ^: tomb occupies a corn] ne> ! ,ponte de ,lor5zo close to ! h\se at "o "t inhabit$ by ,dante4 ,a s>cophagus 0 discov]$ 9 #abgd dur+ excavations = ! build+ ( a f\ndl+ hospital1 & :5 op5$1 a skeleton ( imm5se size1 "o h& /ill gripp+ a sword1 0 se5 inside4 ,:o c\ld x be b ,ant5or8 ,!re 0 ,virgil's au?ority = x t he _h f\nd$ ,padua--s ,ant5or x 0 :o lay !re 9 8 /one c(f91 & ! good folk ( ,padua c>ri$ ! s>cophagus & its cont5ts to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,lor5zo amid/ great excitem5t4 ,! *ur* has be5 demoli%$ b ! tomb 0 sp>$4 ,padua's tortu\s /reets are l9$ ) arcades1 & al?\gh mod]n requirem5ts h orda9$ t "s %\ld be alt]$ & ! h\ses pull$ d[n1 x /ill pres]ves an air ( m$ival antiquity4 ,situat$ on ! w9d+ little riv] ,bac*iglione & int]sect$ by o!r small /reams1 x =ms 9 ! it9]>y ( ! t\ri/ a sort ( prelude to ,v5ice4 ,innum]able bridges span ^! wat]ways4 ,"s ( !m are ( ,roman con/ruction2 & :]ev] "o's foot/eps lead "o1 be x along ! rivi]e--! op5 /reets t run by ! side ( ! /reams--or ! n>r[ ways t may be lik5$ to a rabbit w>r51 ! great *>m ( bygone days l+]s 9 !m all1 & /ill cl+s to its old walls & bridges4 ,! ,ca!dral1 ) an incomplete faade1 0 n f9i%$ till #aged4 ,x is a va/1 ugly /ructure ( brick ) a campanile & dome4 ,! :itewa%$ int]ior possesses no r$eem+ feature2 unless x be a r pleas+ c\rse ( grey m>ble t runs r\nd on a level ) ! capitals ( ! grey columns4 ,a bu/ ( ,petr>*1 :o 0 a canon "h1 & "s beautiful twelf?-c5tury ,,mss4 ) exquisite m9iatures 9 ! sacri/y1 are ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s x conta9s4 ,if !re is b little 9 ! ,ca!dral wor?y ( notice !re is mu* 9 ! o!r *ur*es ( ,padua4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,padua ,/a ,giu/iana is a v f9e build+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 comm5c$ f designs by ,padre ,girolamo da ,brescia & f9i%$ fifty ye>s lat] by ,&rea ,morone4 ,all its alt>s are decorat$ ) scrolls & floral patt]ns1 9 ! inlaid m>ble "w = :i* ,italy has be5 fam\s = _m g5]ations4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ago/9o degli ,eremitani is a solemn build+ ( a s+le nave ?ree hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 :i* 0 con/ruct$ at ! latt] end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,its sacri/y is us$ by ! /ud5ts ( ! univ]sity z _! *apel1 & _m memorials ( ! mo/ fam\s among !m cov] its walls4 ,! tombs ! *ur* conta9s are v int]e/+4 ,"o ) a magnific5t canopy is ( ! fif? ,"l ( ,padua1 ,jacopo di ,c>r>a1 a fri5d ( ,petr>*'s1 :ile o!r memb]s ( ?is ext9ct family lie buri$ 9 ! *ur*4 ,! ,c>r>as 7 ,lords ( ,padua = _m g5]ations2 ! la/ ( ! great race ) 8 two sons held ! city 9 #adje aga9/ ! ,v5etians1 b fam9e s r$uc$ ! g>rison t !y surr5d]$ !mselves to ! besieg]s & 7 convey$ prison]s to ,v5ice4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,t5 decre$ t !y %\ld be /rangl$ 9 _! cells1 & a memb] ( ! noble ,v5etian family ( ,priuli p]=m$ ?is disgraceful murd] 9 ! dungeons ( ! ,doge's palace4 ,/a ,m>ia dell' ,ar5a1 or ! *ur* ( ! ,madonna ( ! ,ar5a1 /&s practically 9 :at 0 ! ,roman ,amphi!atre4 ,ab\t ! ye> #acjf1 a c]ta9 ,enrico ,scrov5go1 :o 0 own] ( ! ,ar5a & adjac5t l&1 built )9 its prec9cts a *apel ( ! ,annunciation1 kn[n z ,/a ,m>ia dell' ,ar5a4 ,giotto 0 work+ 9 ,padua at ! "t1 & ,enrico recognis+ 8 tal5t employ$ him to build & decorate ! little *apel4 ,x consi/s ( a s+le nave ) a ,go?ic apse1 & t9y sacri/y 9 :i* is a monum5t to ! f\nd]1 ^: tomb is beh9d ! alt>4 ,x is n ! prov9ce ( ?is book to deal ) ! pictorial art ( ! c\ntry1 b ,giotto's frescoes :i* cov] ! walls ( ?is little *ur* /& f> above all else--n except+ ,fra ,angelico's beautiful decorations 9 ! mona/ic cells ( ,s4 ,m>co at ,flor5ce--9 ! deep piety & t5d] expression ( int5se religi\s feel+ !y portray4 ,! greate/ *ur* t ,padua possesses is ! huge build+ d$icat$ to ,s4 ,antonio--il ,santo1 z he is call$ by ! ,padovanese4 ,?is enorm\s fabric ( m>ble & brick1 /&s fac+ a wide op5 piazza on two sides ( :i* are l[ h\ses--h\ses ( ?ree /oreys are v r>e 9 ! old] p>ts ( ! city4 ,opposite ! faade is ,donatello's gr& eque/rian /atue ( ,erasmo da ,n>ni1 or ,gattamelata1 be>+ 8 "n1 ,opus ,donatelli ,flor4 ,9 ! piazza is ! ,scuoio del ,santo & ! little *ur* ( ,san ,giorgio1 ! sepul*ral *apel ( ! ,sograna family2 close by :i* is ! tomb ( ,rol&o ,piazzola ) a f9e ,go?ic canopy4 ,! sev5 domes ( ,s4 ,antonio clu/] r\nd a heavy c5tral spire1 & two beautiful bell-t[]s rise elegantly to a height above2 f :]ev] "o sees ! *ur*1 ^! domes & spires compose & pile well4 ,il ,santo di$ 9 #abca1 & ,padua decid$ to erect a suitable build+ to hold 8 sacr$ rema9s4 ,niccol ,pisano 0 requisition$ = ! task1 b 0 n giv5 a free h&4 ,he 0 in=m$ t he mu/ foll[ ! fa%ion ( ! day & produce a real ,go?ic edifice4 ,8 failure to c>ry out ^! in/ructions c be be/ se5 9 ! faade1 :]e ! ?ree portals are v poor2 nev]!less1 & despite 8 lean+s t[>ds o!r /yles1 he 0 able to introduce some?+ ( ! ,go?ic 9 8 bell-t[]s1 9 ! op5 gall]ies r\nd ! ext]ior ( ! apse1 & ! arcad+ ( ! we/ front1 ) a mix$ result t has produc$ a really /up5d\s *ur*4 ,! be/ decoration ( ! ext]ior is conta9$ 9 ! ?ree we/ doors ( bronze1 :i* are exce$+ly good4 ,! f9e int]ior is mo/ impressive1 b :at ! result w be :5 ! pres5t s*eme ( decoration1 already begun 9 ! *oir & apse1 is c>ri$ out1 x is difficult to say4 ,! *apel ( ,il ,santo is half way up ! nor? aisle4 ,lights burn day & night be=e ! alt>1 b5ea? :i* repose ! sa9t's rema9s4 ,f\r f9e columns support ! some:at heavy frieze ( ! great ,r5aissance scre5 by ,sansov9o1 :i* sep>ates x f ! aisle4 ,two ( ^! columns h a *>m+ idea 9 _! capitals1 :]e little sea-horses take ! place ( ! acan?us leaf4 ,! scre5 is t]m9at$ by two v beautiful pila/]s adorn$ ) exquisite arabesques4 ,! int]ior ( ?is int]e/+ *apel is l9$ ) n9e reliefs1 "o ( :i*1 by ,sansov9o1 is r curi\s & c]ta9ly v gruesome4 ,! sculptor has repres5t$ a suicide ) a gap+ cr[d ( wom5 surr\nd+ him 9 8 self-inflict$ dea? agonies4 ,two enorm\s silv] c&le/icks1 p>tly ( ,go?ic & p>tly ,r5aissance design1 /& at ! foot ( ! /eps ( ! alt>1 & bronze figures & silv] angels are plac$ ^u ! balu/rade4 ,9 ! ve/ibule betwe5 ?is *apel & ! next hang hundr$s ( votive (f]+s ( all descriptions1 =m+ a museum ( ! tangible homage paid to ! sa9t by 8 devotees4 ,! next *apel is ! only "p left ( an anci5t fabric :i* /ood "h long be=e ! good ,padovanese rais$ ! pres5t magnific5t *ur* z a memorial ( _! v5]at$ sa9t4 ,9 ! s\? aisle1 opposite to & correspond+ ) ,il ,santo's *apel1 is "o d$icat$ to ,s4 ,felix1 :i* is front$ by a good scre5 decorat$ ) an effective fi%-scale patt]n ( ,v]ona m>ble4 ,x conta9s a good alt>1 plac$ high above a flight ( /eps1 & "s int]e/+ f\rte5?-c5tury frescoes4 ,a ?ick coat+ ( pa9t q spoils ! well-c>v$ ,go?ic /alls1 & x is to be hop$ t :5 ! s*eme ( decoration rea*es ?is *apel ^! f9e /alls w be scrap$ & !n left 9 _! pri/9e /ate4 ,9 ano!r *apel are ! tombs ( ,gattamelata & 8 son2 ^! & two monum5ts design$ by ,sanmi*eli on two ( ! pi]s ( ! nave are ! be/ 9 ! *ur*4 ,! presbyt]y is cut (f f ! nave by a l[ balu/rade1 9 ! c5tre ( :i*1 ris+ 9 a bold sweep1 is a v f9e bronze gate4 ,! ,high ,alt>1 impressively plac$ at ! top ( "s /eps1 has eight spl5did panels conta9+ bas-reliefs by ,donatello4 ,! ma/] 0 also responsible = ! f9e gr\p ( ! ,madonna & ,sa9ts1 z well z ! huge crucifix1 :i* are plac$ above x4 ,! magnific5t bronze c&elabrum1 :i* /&s to ! left ( ! alt>1 is twelve feet high4 ,its mak]1 ,&rea ,riccio1 sp5t t5 ye>s ov] ! "w be=e he consid]$ x fit to leave 8 /udio4 ,! figures at ! base are symbolical ( ,music1 ,hi/ory1 ,de/9y1 & ,a/rology1 =m+ ) ^? above1 a pas*al c&le/ick t is "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( bronze "w 9 any *ur* 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! sanctu>y beyond ! apse 0 an addition ( ! ye> #afic1 & occupies ! mo/ ea/]n dome se5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,great gild$ slid+ doors hide a wond]ful example ( fifte5?-c5tury goldsmi?'s "w1 a casket ) ,il ,santo's tongue inside1 & _m o!r sacr$ relics1 z well z ,gattamelata's m>%al's baton4 ,! great doors are surr\nd$ by "w ( ! late sev5te5? c5tury1 an example ( ! bad ta/e & v l[ ebb ecclesia/ical art _h sunk to at t p]iod4 ,*]ubs & nude female figures play+ /r+$ in/rum5ts--angels app>5tly--circle r\nd ,s4 ,antonio1 :o is borne al(t by o!r nudes4 ,! extravagance ( ! :ole ?+ is a j>r+ note among/ mu* t is extremely f9e4 ,! monks ( ! bro!rhood ( ,s4 ,antonio /ill inhabit ! conv5tual build+s atta*$ to ! *ur*1 & _! d>k-rob$ figures pass sil5tly to & fro 9 ! cloi/]$ c\rts ( ! mona/]y4 ,! walls ( ^! ?ree c\rts are l9$ ) f9e tombs & memorial slabs1 & x 0 f "o ( ^! cloi/]s ! illu/ration 0 tak54 ,a great magnolia tree gr[s on ! well-kept grass :i* cov]s ! gr\nd l gre5 velvet4 ,no s\nd f ! outside _w p5etrat$ ?is seque/]$ nook4 ,! only note to break ! sil5ce 0 ! dr[sy hum f a voice at pray] 9 "o ( ! little gre5-%utt]$ rooms above1 & ! occasional twitt]+ ( a can>y 9 its cage4 ,"o work$ undi/urb$ at ^? domes & t[]s :i* compose s well & seem to rea* up to ! v heav5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,antonio1 ,,padua ,padua's univ]sity 0 f\nd$ 9 #abba by ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 on ! site ( ! ,inn ( ! ,ox1 & is /ill call$ il ,b4 ,its h&some c\rty>d1 attribut$ to ,palladio1 is adorn$ ) armorial be>+s ( di/+ui%$ alumni4 ,at ! head ( ! great /aircase is a /atue to ,el5a ,piscopia1 a poetess1 musician1 & flu5t l+ui/2 %e receiv$ a doctor's degree & di$ a sp9/] 9 #afhd4 ,! anatomical !atre is ! olde/ 9 ,europe4 ,among o!r fam\s m5 connect$ ) il ,b ! names ( ,baldus1 :o taught law1 & ,galileo1 :o exp\nd$ ma!matics1 mu/ be m5tion$4 ,padua also possesses ! olde/ ,botanical ,g>d5s 9 ,europe1 :i* 7 in/itut$ by ! ,v5etian ,s5ate 9 #aedc4 ,_m ( ! exotics :i* gr[ n[ all ov] ,europe 7 fir/ e/abli%$ "h1 br\ght f ! ,ea/ by ,v5etian trad]s1 & ! botani/ c sp5d _m int]e/+ h\rs 9 ?is well c>$ = & %ady retreat4 ,a va/ build+ ) a rem>kable hi/ory occupies "o :ole side ( ! m>ket squ>e4 ,a mu*-travell$ ar*itect & eng9e]1 ,fra ,giovanni1 visit$ ,padua 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 br++ ) him draw+s ( an ,indian palace2 ^! s pleas$ ! ,padovanese t he 0 ask$ to con/ruct a ro( to _! great hall1 ! ?ree divisions ( :i* _h be5 de/roy$ by fire4 ,fra ,giovanni set to "w1 & 8 vault$ wood5 ceil+1 "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ,europe1 /&s cov]+ ! pr9cipal *amb] ( ! ,palazzo della ,ragione1 ?\gh ! ro( above 0 r5ew$ 9 #aheg4 ,! pa9t+s on ! walls ( ?is magnific5t room h by degrees replac$ a s]ies ( frescoes by ,giotto4 ,!y are mo/ly my/ical & symbolical1 ! be/ among !m be+ ^? repres5t+ ,ju/ice & ,prud5ce4 ,! wood5 horse :i* /&s 9 ! hall is suppos$ to h be5 ! model = ,donatello's bronze horse on :i* ,gattamelata is seat$ 9 ! fam\s eque/rian /atue outside ,s4 ,antonio4 ,! f9e loggia on ! gr\nd floor ( ! palazzo is ( lat] date ?an ! orig9al p>ts ( ! build+1 :i* 7 design$ by ,pietro ,cozzo & con/ruct$ 9 ! ye>s #aagb to #abai4 ,9 a /reet n f> (f is ano!r beautiful build+1 ! e>ly-,r5aissance ,loggia del ,consiglio1 ) its f9e /airway & op5 arcade4 ,9 front ( ?is is an antique column ) ! ,lion ( ,s4 ,m>k1 ! sign t ! city at "o "t belong$ to ! ,republic ( ,v5ice4 ,_m o!r h\ses 9 ?is qua9t old t[n are ( great int]e/1 & ! w9d+s ( its /reams z !y me&] pa/ rose-cov]$ walls & l[ ro(s1 ) p]haps a tap]+ campanile or a dome t[]+ above1 af=d a r>e field = endeav\rs ) ! p5cil & bru%4 ,,v5ice ,v5ice1 :i* has no c\nt]p>t 9 ! _w1 is a city ( all o!rs 9 :i* "o c l+] on 9 a dream tak+ no c\nt ( "t4 ,! days run into weeks1 ^! spread !mselves into mon?s1 & x becomes m & m difficult to te> oneself away f ! entranc+ ,mi/ress ( ! ,seas1 f h] ,ca!dral & all h] o!r m>vell\s build+s2 f h] s$uctive gondolas & sil5t canals2 f h] picture gall]ies1 & alas6 f ! fragrant c(fee we sip idl+ away ! "t "u ! colonnade outside ,florian's 9 ! ,piazza4 ,well1 ! s$uctive cup is dra9$ & :ile our cig>ette is alight let u look r\nd4 ,directly opposite to u1 on ! nor? side ( ?is gr& squ>e1 /ret*es ! long colonnade ( ! ,procuratie ,vec*ie1 built e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury z a habitation = ! procurators ( ,s4 ,m>k4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ examples ( e>ly ,r5aissance ar*itecture 9 ,italy2 nobl]1 simpl] ?an ! ,procuratie ,nuove :]e we sit1 :i* 0 built 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! same c5tury4 ,an arcad$ build+ 9 ! classical /yle erect$ by ,napoleon 9 #ahaj connects ! we/]n extremities ( ! two ,procuratie4 ,x is a pity t ?is great ,r5aissance ,piazza %\ld be complet$ by an inf]ior bit ( mod]n "w in/ead ( su* a brilliant gem ( ! ,r5aissance /yle z ,sansov9o's ,libr]ia ,vec*ia--at pres5t invisible to u r\nd ! corn]4 ,to ?is build+1 :i* faces ! ,doge's ,palace1 no high] tribute c\ld be giv5 ?an to say t its p]fection fairly di/racts ! admiration ( ! onlook] f ! wond]ful ,go?ic pile be=e x4 ,b all ?is is ,hamlet )\t ! ,pr9ce4 ,x is "t to leave ! %ad[ ( ! ar*es1 to /ep out into ! op51 & to surr5d] ourselves to ! spell ( ! great *ur* :i* draws "o ) an irresi/ible fasc9ation f ! fir/ mom5t we set foot 9 ! ,piazza4 ,s4 ,m>k's rises b\nd+ ! vision at ! ea/]n end ( ! great squ>e ) its gorge\s faade & cool grey domes4 ,s ri* is ! col\r+ & s /range ! outl9e t "o wond]s almo/ :e!r ar*itecture has n pass$ "h into ! si/] art ( pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,m>k',s1 ,,v5ice ,yes1 !re /&s a build+ surpass+ly fasc9at+1 unique & outside all comp>ison ) any o!r *ur* 9 ! c\ntry4 ,plann$ z a ,greek ,cross1 l ,s4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople1 x is rem9isc5t ( ! ,ea/ f> m ?an any build+ 9 ! p59sula1 or ev5 9 ,sicily :]e "s ) direct ,arab influ5ce /ill exi/4 ,! great trad]s ( ,v5ice :o lavi%$ _! weal? on its decoration1 & ^: e homew>d b\nd %ip br\ght back f ! ,ori5t a *oice column1 a r>e piece ( m>ble1 or "s su* ?+ z a contribution t[>ds its mak+1 help$ to raise x bit by bit until ! wond]ful *ur* grew to be :at we f9d x to-day1 ! mo/ s$uctive ecclesia/ical fabric 9 ,italy4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #ahjg t ,s4 ,m>k's became ! ,ca!dral *ur* ( ,v5ice4 ,be=e ?is date ! ,patri>*al seat 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro di ,ca/ello1 & ,s4 ,m>k's simply ! *apel atta*$ to ! ,doge's ,palace4 ,9 #hbh ! body ( ! ,evangeli/1 /ol5 f ,alex&ria1 0 br\ght to ,v5ice & ,s4 ,!odore ! tutel>y sa9t depos$ to make way = a m important patron4 ,s4 ,m>k's rema9s 7 !n plac$ 9 a *ur* :i* 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 #igf4 ,! foll[+ ye> saw ! fir/ /one laid ( a build+ :i* is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ,*ri/5dom2 b x 0 n until eighty ye>s _h pass$ t ! walls 7 f9i%$1 & sev5ty m gone by be=e x 0 consecrat$4 ,! int]ior su/a9+ walls are brick1 & are l9$ ) m>ble or cov]$ ) mosaics & decorat$ ) e sort ( inlay4 ,! t\t ensemble ( ?is is an extraord9>ily h>moni\s mixture ( /yles :i* compels unceas+ admiration4 ,/&+ at ! we/ end ( ! ,piazza "o sees1 almo/ /ret*+ across ! fur!r side1 a m>vell\s faade ( deep %ad[$ ar*es2 ! tympanums seem to sp>kle ) jewels2 ! ar*es are support$ by :at appe>s to be a =e/ ( columns1 ord]ly 9 rank1 rec$+ into ! %ad[4 ,above1 to give quality to ?is %ade1 is a flat surface t runs f end to end ( ! faade1 brok5 by a c5tral semicircul> w9d[1 & cr[n$ ) ,go?ic turrets1 crocket$ f9ials & angels ) w+s outspread4 ,!n1 surm\nt+ all are five wondr\s domes1 ,ori5tal 9 !mselves1 s ov]p[]+ly ,ori5tal t ! eye1 unable at ?is di/ance to discrim9ate1 telegraphs to ! bra9 ! magic words--,! ,ea/6 ,spoils f ! ,ea/1 f ,greece1 f ,syria1 f ,egypt2 mosaics ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 bronze horses ( ,roman orig91 ,go?ic sa9ts "u canopi$ turrets1 flag poles ) ! crimson bann] & gold5 ,lion ( ,s4 ,m>k1 all arrang$ )\t disord]1 b all succumb+ to ! maje/y ( ! m>vell\s domes4 ,m ,ea/]n ?an ,european is ! ,v5etian's love ( col\r1 & ?is is ! note mo/ deeply impress$ on ! m9d ) reg>d to ,s4 ,m>k's--five grey domes1 a foil to ! brilliant mosaics & _m-hu$ m>ble columns & walls bel[1 b bl5d+ ) !m s subtly t ! :ole is "o gorge\s *romatic scale4 ,! effect ( ! blaz+ sun p\r+ d[n on ! faade at midday1 ca/+ deep %ad[s "u ! ar*es1 is v f9e4 ,aga91 9 ! ev5+ :5 ! domes are alight ) ! la/ rays ( ! dy+ orb & ! great ,piazza is 9 cool %ade1 ! glories ( ! wond]ful fabric assume a dramatic effect :i* becomes almo/ tragic z ! light disappe>s & ev]y?+ subsides into a monotone4 ,col\r begets m subtlety 9 grey wea!r2 e note t might j> on ! eye is !n diffus$ among ! quiet] tones ar\nd1 & = ?is reason ! pe>ly sky ( a grey day 0 *os5 to depict ,s4 ,m>k's4 ,! great campanile :i* fell to ! gr\nd on ,july #ad1 #aijb1 is n[ 9 c\rse ( re-erection4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ ! necess>y b hide\s ho>d+ at its base has int]f]$ ) ! beauty ( ! ,piazza4 ,! illu/ration does n %[ ?is b depicts ! l5g? ( ! faade1 ) ! beautiful ,porta della ,c>ta & corn] ( ! ,doge's ,palace beyond4 ,! l[e/ portion ( ! faade is =m$ z a ve/ibule ) sev5 ar*es1 ! la/ "o ( :i* at ea* end is op5 ?r\gh4 ,all ! columns & _! capitals 7spoils f ! ,ea/7 are ( mu* old] date ?an ! build+4 ,v few ( ^! capitals fit ! abacus on :i* !y re/2 mo/ ( !m are exquisitely c>v$ ) foliage free f all imag]y4 ,! c5tral ar* is l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,"u x is a gr& door ( =ty-eight bronze panels inlaid ) silv]4 ,! workman%ip ( ! o!r doors :i* flank ?is is also v f9e4 ,! intricate ,byzant9e c>v+ above ^! =ms a s*eme ( decoration :]e9 figures1 birds1 bea/s & arabesques run 9 a p]fect riot ( fanciful design4 ,! vault+ ( ! ve/ibule is cov]$ ) mosaics ( diff]5t p]iods4 ,^? ( ! twelf? c5tury are conc]n$ ) ! ,creation ( ! ,firmam5t & ! ,creation ( ,life2 ! /ory ( ,adam & ,eve cont9u$ on to ! ,deluge & ,noah2 ! trag$y ( ,ca9 & ,abel2 ,joseph's dream1 ,ph>aoh & ! /ory ( ,moses4 ,! g5]al s*eme ?r\gh\t is ( :ite figures1 mo/ly nude1 on a gre5 gr\nd4 ,al?\gh n 9 any way comp>able to ! e>li] mosaics at ,rav5na1 ^! are f> bett] 9 /yle & true feel+ = ! enri*m5t ( a flat surface ?an ^? ( lat] date 9 ! lunettes above ! faade ar*es4 ,"h ! raison d'tre ( mosaic has be5 made subs]vi5t to an attempt to imitate ! %ades & gradations ( an oil pa9t+4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! lat] mosaics is t :i* 0 execut$ f a design by ,titian by ! bro!rs ,zuccati 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :]e9 ,s4 ,m>k appe>s 9 pontifical robes4 ,x is above ! c5tre door4 ,on ! pavem5t b5ea? is a r$ & :ite loz5ge ( m>ble m>k+ ! spot :]e ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii4 & ,b>b>ossa 7 reconcil$ 9 ,july #aagg1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! ,v5etian ,republic4 ,_m inscrib$ slabs ( m>ble be>+ leg5ds 9 ,greek & ,syriac1 & ,roman bas-reliefs1 are let into ! walls ( ! ve/ibule1 evid5ce ( (f]+s t[>ds ! build+ ( ! fabric4 ,all ! ar*ivolts ( ! five l>ge ar*es are decorat$ ) symbolic c>v+s2 ! mo/ int]e/+ be+ t ( ! ma9 entrance1 :]e a *>m+ly qua9t /ory illu/rative ( peasant life 9 ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye> tells 9 a reali/ic way ! lab\rs ( ^? :o till ! soil4 ,febru>y ) a little figure sitt+ at a fire w>m+ 8 h&s is p>ticul>ly nave4 ,on ! s\?1 ,s4 ,m>k's jo9s ! ,doge's ,palace by means ( ! ,porta della ,c>ta4 ,at ! base ( a column :i* /&s 9 an angle ( ! wall are f\r porphyry figures ( knights 9 *a9 mail ) arms r\nd "o ano!r's necks4 ,?is gr\p is suppos$ to h come f ,acre4 ,deta*$ f ! ma9 build+1 & n f> f its s\?-we/ corn]1 are two %ort rectangul> columns ) ,greek inscriptions4 ,!y 7 br\ght f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,saba at ,ptolemais 9 #abef4 ,among/ o!r int]e/+ spoils !re is a slab let into ! nor? wall on :i* ,c]es1 hold+ a tor* 9 ea* h&1 appe>s drawn 9 a *>iot by two dragons4 ,x seems to be a v e>ly ,p]sian "w4 ,b ! be/ kn[n1 & c]ta9ly ! f9e/ gift ! ext]ior ( ! build+ c boa/1 is t ( ! f\r bronze horses :i* /& ov] ! pr9cipal entrance4 ,s5t f ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjd by ord] ( ! ,doge ,d&olo z "p ( ! spoils ( victory :5 t city fell to ! arms ( ! ,v5etians 9 ! f\r? ,crusade1 ^! horses at "o "t adorn$ ! triumphal ar* ( ,n]o 9 ,rome4 ,bo? ,domitian & ,trajan transf]r$ !m 9 turn to ar*es ( _! own2 & ,con/ant9e convey$ !m across ! seas to 8 new capital 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e he also put !m up ov] an ar*4 ,9 #agig1 :5 ! ,republic ( ,v5ice 0 no m1 ,napoleon took ^! already mu*-travell$ horses f ,s4 ,m>k's faade to ,p>is & plac$ !m on ! top ( ! ,arc du ,c>r\sel4 ,aft] ! peace 9 #ahae ! ,au/rian ,emp]or1 ,francis ,i4 caus$ !m to be return$ to _! =m] position1 & !re !y rema9 to-day4 ,?ree doors op5 into ! ca!dral f ! ve/ibule1 & two on ! nor? side4 ,! int]ior /rikes "o at fir/ z be+ v d>k2 b :5 ! eye becomes accu/om$ to ! half-light & is famili> ) ev]y?+ )91 ?is we>s (f1 & ! s5ses are r soo!d ?an o!rwise by ! my/ic gloom4 ,inde$1 x is a great relief to f9d oneself inside out ( ! gl>e ( ! ,piazza1 &1 seat$ 9 a corn] p]haps1 quietly contemplat+ ! gr& mosaics :i* cov] ! vault+ f end to end4 ,x is q impossible to describe ^! adequately 9 a %ort *apt] :i* deals ) o!r ?+s z well1 b not+ !m 9 guide-book fa%ion "o obs]ves t ^? 9 ! aisles on ei!r side ( ! ma9 entrance depict ! ,acts & ,miracles ( ! ,apo/les4 ,on ! vault+ ( ! dome :i* =ms1 s to speak1 ! foot ( ! ,greek cross1 is ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! great c5tral dome is cov]$ by twelf?-c5tury mosaics ( ! ,asc5sion1 & ! vault betwe5 ?is & ! fir/ dome ) ,*ri/'s ,passion & ,resurrection4 ,! vault+ ( ! two domes :i* compose ! arms ( ! cross is decorat$ by "w ( lat] date2 t on ! nor? ) ! hi/ory ( ,s4 ,john1 & t on ! s\? ) ! sa9ts4 ,! *apel ( ,s4 ,john :i* is 9 ! nor? transept 0 conv]t$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury into "o d$icat$ to ! ,miracul\s ,virg9 ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 ! s\? transept also a r$$ication has tak5 place2 ! *apel ( ,s4 ,leon>d be+ turn$ into t ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,beh9d ! gorge\s m>ble scre5 :i* divides ! presbyt]y f ! body ( ! *ur* ! high alt> rises b5ea? a canopy ( v]de antico borne by f\r columns4 ,two ( ^! columns are elev5? c5tury & are elaborately c>v$ 9 c\rses ( innum]able figures4 ,!y came f ,pola :5 ,v5ice subdu$ ,i/ria1 & are mu* m int]e/+ ?an ! o!r two ( a lat] date2 ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,m>k re/ )9 ?is magnific5t %r9e4 ,on ! scre5 itself /& ! ,evangeli/1 ! twelve ,apo/les1 & ,m>y4 ,at ! back ( ! high alt> is ! ,pala d',oro1 ! greate/ treasure ! ca!dral possesses1 & ! mo/ celebrat$ gold5 alt>piece 9 exi/5ce4 ,! upp] "p came f ,con/ant9ople 9 #igf1 ! l[] ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is compos$ ( eighty-?ree panels ( ,greek & ,byzant9e design fill$ ) enamell$ figures1 /udd$ ) uncut gems & preci\s /ones1 & cov]$ ) ,greek & ,lat9 inscriptions4 ,m gorge\s ?an t ( ,s4 ,ambrogio 9 ,milan1 ?is magnific5t piece ( goldsmi?'s art glitt]s & sp>kles 9 a wond]ful mann] :5 lit up by ! c&les us$ at high mass1 & is )\t d\bt ! mo/ spl5did ecclesia/ical treasure 9 ,italy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior1 ,s4 ,,m>k',s1 ,,v5ice ,! fif? or ea/]n dome :i* is ov] ! presbyt]y is cov]$ ) mosaics repres5t+ ,*ri/ & ! ,prophets1 & "o t is h>dly visible ( ,s4 ,m>k is on ! walls ( ! ea/ end4 ,! great figure ( ,*ri/ faces ! *ur* & 9 its simplicity is v impressive4 ,! gall]y1 :i* is :]e ! tri=ium w\ld be 9 a ,go?ic build+1 runs r\nd ! :ole ca!dral & is pi]c$ on its inn] side only4 ,! walls at ! back & above are decorat$ ) m mosaic "w deal+ ) acts ( m>tyrdom1 & ! ,translation & ,recov]y ( ! ,body ( ! ,"l4 ,:5 /ray beams ( sunlight f9d _! way ?r\gh ! op5+s 9 ! domes & pass along ! gold backgr\nd1 light+ up 9 odd places small portions ( ^! wond]ful tess] pictures1 ! effect is v beautiful4 ,all ! angles ( ?is mosaic "w are r\nd$ (f & ! travell+ rays gl9t+ fir/ on "o gold5 corn]1 !n on ano!r1 are /rangely attractive to eyes accu/om$ to ! great] ar*itectural sev]ity ( a nor!rn clime4 ,! well-*os5 slabs t l9e ! l[] portions ( ! ca!dral walls h tak5 to !mselves a sombre1 dusky hue1 a pale velvety br[n1 b !re c be no d\bt t 9 _! pri/9e /ate !y realis$ 9 _! spl5d\r ! ,v5etian's love ( col\r4 ,! /range pulpit1 :i* ) "p ( ! rood scre5 se5 9 ! illu/ration /&s to ! nor? ( ! /eps lead+ into ! presbyt]y1 is arrang$ 9 a d\ble ti]1 & is ent]$ by a d\ble w9d+ /air f ! ve/ibule ( ! ,capella de ,s4 ,pietro4 ,its curi\s dom$ s\nd+-bo>d is v rem9isc5t ( ! ,ea/4 ,m5tion has already be5 made ( ! *apels ( ! ,miracul\s ,virg9 & ,s4 ,leon>d4 ,t d$icat$ to ,s4 ,pet] is beh9d ?is pulpit on ! nor? side ( ! presbyt]y4 ,x has a door lead+ out into ! piazza4 ,! correspond+ *apel to ! s\? is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,clem5t4 ,at ! end ( ! nor? transept is ano!r to ,s4 ,isidore--a d>k1 solemn little place4 ,! sacri/y is beyond ! *apel ( ,s4 ,pet] at ! back ( ! presbyt]y4 ,x is a f9e ap>tm5t ) mosaics f designs by ,titian & 8 pupils1 :i* may be /udi$ z a good example ( ,r5aissance decoration 9 tess]4 ,sansov9o1 :o execut$ ! beautiful door1 is said to h _h x 9 h& = tw5ty ye>s4 ,! bapti/]y is ent]$ f ! s\? aisle1 & ) ! adjo9+ ,cappella ,z5o is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ,s4 ,m>k's4 ,9 ! =m] is ! monum5t & s>cophagus ( ,doge ,&rea ,d&olo1 :o di$ 9 #aced4 ,x is a gr& specim5 ( ! sculpture ( ! age4 ,! recumb5t figure ( ! ,doge1 :o 0 ! la/ to be buri$ 9 ,s4 ,m>k's1 is v s]5e 9 its realisation ( ! ,la/ ,sleep4 ,all ! mosaics ! *amb] conta9s 7 giv5 & paid = by ,&rea4 ,mo/ ( !m naturally relate to ! ,holy ,rite4 ,! font is v anci5t1 & has a f9e bronze cov] design$ by ,sansov9o & surm\nt$ by a /atuette ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,a v beautiful l[ relief ( f\r cross$ swords :i* compose a cross1 ) birds b5ea?1 is let into "o ( ! walls4 ,on ! vault$ ro( ( ! ,cappella ,z5o1 ! life ( ! ,evangeli/1 ^: body at fir/ re/$ "h1 is well depict$ 9 a s]ies ( mosaics4 ,! c5tre ( ! *apel is occupi$ by ! tomb ( ,c>d9al ,z5o1 :o left ! bulk ( 8 imm5se =tune to ,s4 ,m>k's4 ,! alt> /&s "u a bronze canopy cov]+ figures ( ,our ,lady 7:o we>s a gild$ %oe71 ,s4 ,pet]1 & ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! leg5d runs t ! ,virg9 gave h] bronze %oe once to a poor vot>y & x 0 imm$iately turn$ into gold4 ,f ?is incid5t ! *apel1 :i* became ! ,c>d9al's ,mausoleum1 is also kn[n z t ( ! ,madonna della ,sc>pa4 ,v5ice possesses ne>ly sev5ty *ur*es1 b ( ^! only ! two mo/ celebrat$ c be m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,!y are ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo1 & ! ,fr>i4 ,! =m] _h its orig9 9 ! great prea*+ ,ord] ( ,s4 ,dom9ic1 & ! latt] 9 t ( ,s4 ,francis4 ,^! sa9ts1 b\nd by v[s ( pov]ty1 w5t =? prea*+ humility1 & s great a me$ ( success did !y atta91 t we f9d ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 z a result ( _! crusade1 huge *ur*es l ^! built to hold l>ge congregations4 ,9 ,v5ice bo? ,ord]s _h _! foll[+ among diff]5t patrician families1 :o 7 ma9ly responsible = ! monet>y assi/ance ! ,ord]s receiv$1 & :o !re=e acquir$ a sort ( prescriptive "r to burial space )9 ! holy walls !y _h help$ to raise4 ,= ?is reason ! tombs we f9d 9 ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo & ! ,fr>i are n only an epitome ( ! rul]s ( ,v5ice1 b 9 !m c be trac$ f ! e>lie/ ,go?ic ! diff]5t /yles ( ,v5etian decorative art z exemplifi$ 9 h] sepul*ral monum5ts4 ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo is a f9e brick build+ ( e>ly ,italian ,go?ic1 :i* 0 comm5c$ 9 #abdf & f9i%$ 9 #acij4 ,its l5g? is ?ree hundr$ & ?irty feet1 its wid? at ! transepts "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree1 & 9 ! nave n9ety-"o feet4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t ! transepts are %ort4 ,! spaci\s nave has five bays1 ! ar*es ( :i* are support$ by s+le columns ( grey /one ) simple floral capitals4 ,! vault+1 z is usual 9 ,italian ,go?ic1 is l[4 ,! gall]i$ tri=ium has small outlets into ! *ur*1 & a cl]e/ory ( po9t$ lights 9 gr\ps ( ?ree has tak5 ! place ( mu* l>g] s+le w9d[s4 ,! aisles are n>r[4 ,! apsidal *oir is ar*itecturally v /rik+4 ,f a few feet above ! floor rise ! long n>r[ w9d[s ( ! apse rea*+ up beyond ! base ( ! vault+ & giv+ an idea ( imm5se height4 ,! glass !y conta9 is1 h[ev]1 v crude2 &1 un=tunately1 a t]rible p9k wa% cov]s ! walls1 s p9k t ! beauty ( ! ar*itectural features is consid]ably m>r$4 ,! *oice ( mat]ial & ! selection ( col\r has m to d ) ! success or failure ( a build+ ?an is g5]ally realis$4 ,! transepts1 nave1 & aisles are col\r$ grey1 & h>monise ) ! /one columns m5tion$ above1 & ) ! monum5ts ( fa9tly t9t$ m>ble :i* cr[d ! walls ( ! aisles4 ,among ! mo/ notable tombs are ^? ( ! ,moc5igo family1 a family :i* possess$ ! :ole ( ! we/ wall ( ! *ur*1 & ^: monum5ts almo/ cov] x4 ,( ! ?ree eque/rian tombs t are 9 ! *ur*1 pride ( place mu/ be giv5 to ! "o put !re to ,niccolo ,ors9i1 :o comm&$ ! ,republic's =ces 9 ! w> aga9/ ! ,league ( ,cambray4 ,! gild$ gr\p ( ! g5]al & 8 horse above ! s>cophagus is full ( life & vig\r4 ,! simple b v beautiful tomb ( ,paolo ,l\dan1 on :i* 8 recumb5t figure 9 full *a9 mail lies /ret*$1 is a f9e "w ( ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! gr& monum5t to ,&rea ,v5dram91 :o di$ 9 #adgh1 & :o 0 ! fir/ ( ! new nobility to be elevat$ to ! position ( sov]eign1 is ! mo/ ref9$ example ( a ,r5aissance tomb 9 ,v5ice4 ,! ,doge lies1 ) face turn$ t[>ds ! spectator1 on a c\* support$ by eagles4 ,beh9d him are pages & o!r att5dants4 ,! c>v+ & arabesques ( ! canopy & its supports1 into :i* notes symbolical ( naval p[] are cr[d$1 ?\gh extremely intricate1 are v pure 9 /yle4 ,9 ! lunette b5ea? ! ar* kneels ! ,doge1 :o is be+ recomm5d$ to ,our ,lady by ,s4 ,m>k4 ,opposite to ?is beautiful tomb is ! ,go?ic memorial to ,doge ,mi*ele ,moros9i1 :o di$ 9 #achb4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! c5tral portion is a good mosaic ( ! ,crucifixion1 9 front ( :i* ! aquil9e features ( ! recumb5t ,duke are v prom95t4 ,! ni*es on ei!r side are fill$ ) figures ( diff]5t sa9ts1 & ! :ole is surm\nt$ by ,s4 ,mi*ael ) ! ,dragon4 ,! ext]ior ( ! *ur*1 especially ! apse1 :i* rises )\t a s+le buttress1 is v impressive4 ,a good ,go?ic portal occupies ! c5tre ( ! unf9i%$ we/ faade1 :i* is flank$ by ?irte5?-c5tury s>cophagi let into ni*es 9 ! walls4 ,close by1 & occupy+ "o side ( ! ,campo 9 :i* ! *ur* /&s1 is ! ,scuola di ,s4 ,m>co4 ,?is build+1 n[ a hospital1 0 erect$ 9 #adhe by ,m>t9o ,lomb>di1 & is notewor?y = ! curi\sly conceiv$ faade t faces ! squ>e4 ,?is is compos$ ( ri*ly col\r$ m>ble divid$ into panels1 on :i* 9 l[ relief diff]5t build+s are se5 9 acute p]spective4 ,!y recall ! same sort ( decoration :i* prevails 9 ! frescoes at ,pompeii1 b s clev]ly did ,lomb>di arrange 8 s*eme t _! absolute falsity 9 no way detracts f ! g5]al design ( ! build+4 ,9 front ( ! faade /&s ! magnific5t eque/rian /atue to t pr9ce ( condotti]i ^: mausoleum at ,b]gamo has already be5 m5tion$1 ,b>tolommeo ,colleoni4 ,a man among/ m51 /]n1 defiant & res\rceful1 8 gr& figure embodies all t a lead] 9 tr\bl\s times %\ld be4 ,firmly gripp+ 8 saddle1 he sits 8 horse ) head ?r[n back & a face :i* betok5s ! ma/]ful haught9ess ( ! man4 ,! gr\p 0 design$ by ,leon>do da ,v9ci's ma/]1 ,&rea ,v]roc*io1 & f9i%$ by ,aless&ro ,leop>di4 ,x vies ) ,donatello's eque/rian gr\p ( ,gattamelata at ,padua 9 be+ p]haps ! be/ ,italian ,r5aissance /atue extant4 ,! ,fr>i is a *ur* :i* grew out ( ! accumulat$ funds ( ! ,franciscans1 ^: enorm\s mona/]y1 n[ hold+ ! municipal ar*ives1 adjo9s x4 ,?is great *ur* 0 comm5c$ 9 #abej & f9i%$ 9 #acch1 & conta9s ! monum5ts & tombs ( "s ( ! city's rul]s1 z well z _m ( ! ,v5etian nobility :o 9 bygone days made _! names fam\s 9 its annals4 ,! we/ faade has a simple ,go?ic doorway & f\r r\nd w9d[s1 "o ( :i*1 l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 is above ! figure ( ,*ri/ t occupies ! apex ( ! ar*4 ,l ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo ! ea/ end is ar*itecturally ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! fabric4 ,two flights ( l(ty w9d[s ) exce$+ly good trac]y admit light into ! apse4 ,?is has be5 cont9u$ s\? by lat] additions z f> z ! wall ( ! transept4 ,! transept be+ ?us enl>g$ has f\r apsidal *amb]s t =m a pleas+ sequ5ce to ! big ea/]n apse4 ,! ext]ior ( ! *ur*1 :5 view$ f ! little ,campo ,s4 ,rocco outside ! ea/ end1 composes extremely well4 ,! f\r small apses lead up to ! big "o1 beh9d :i* & beyond ! ro( l9e "o sees ! great ,campanile ris+ ov] ! nor? transept4 ,! ,fr>i is built ( brick ) a simple decorative feature 9 ! =m ( a c\rse ( ,v5etian ,go?ic at ! top4 ,ow+ to subsid5ce ( ! f\ndations ! int]ior is n[ und]go+ ext5sive repair4 ,! nave is v l(ty1 ) s+le columns ( grey /one t h floral capitals4 ,! gro9+ ribs ( ! vault are ( r$ brick & ! ar*es ( ! bays are grey /one4 ,two ( ! nave columns are massively con/ruct$ ( brick1 & =m ) ! brick walls ( ! aisles & ! grey col\r ( ! /one a v *>m+ s*eme4 ,! *oir occupies ! la/ two bays ( ! nave1 & z is ! case 9 ! ca!drals ( ,spa91 is cut (f f ! body ( ! *ur* by a rood scre54 ,! portion ( ?is :i* is 9 ! nave is debas$ ,r5aissance1 b t 9 ! aisles is e>li] & mu* bett]4 ,! *oir /alls are v f9ely c>v$ & decorat$ ) sup]b int>sia "w4 ,! little door by :i* ! canons ent] ! *oir is p>ticul>ly good 9 ?is respect1 ) a beauty mu* enhanc$ by ! design on ! doorpo/s4 ,r\nd ^! cl+ v9es & grape clu/]s4 ,! cl]e/ory consi/s ( r\nd w9d[s ) d\ble lights1 b !re is no tri=ium4 ,among ! mo/ int]e/+ monum5ts are ^? erect$ to ,beato ,pacifico1 ! ,franciscan ar*itect ( ! *ur*1 :i* is 9 ! s\? transept1 & "o to ,titian 9 ! s\? aisle4 ,8 ma/]piece ( ! ,assumption1 n[ 9 ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti1 0 pa9t$ = ! ,fr>i4 ,! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ,v5ice is f> m int]e/+ ?an t ) :i* we h j dealt4 ,peculi> to ,v5etia1 x is ! outcome ( t p]iod :51 ! city's trade be+ well e/abli%$ 9 nor!rn climes1 new ideas & fa%ions travell$ back f c\ntries ov] ! great m\nta9 *a9 & began to comm+le ) ! old] traditions ( ! ,ea/4 ,n only on ! ,gr& ,canal1 b 9 _m ( ! quiet byways ( ! ,sil5t ,city1 "o comes across beautiful examples ( t entranc+ /yle ( faade1 ! ,v5etian ,go?ic4 ,z ! gondola glides swiftly ov] ! wat]s ( ! great highway ( ,v5ice !re comes into sight a gr\p ( palaces :i* occupies ! only real angle ( ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,?is gr\p is =m$ ( ! celebrat$ h\ses built by ! ,fosc>i & ,giu/9iani families1 & is some:at 9 ! /yle ( ! ,doge's ,palace1 ! fir/-nam$ be+ contempor>y ) x4 ,! flat brick faades are brok5 by r[s ( elegant w9d[s1 "s )1 "s )\t balconies4 ,! deeply-recess$ arcad+ ( ! c5tral lights ( ! fir/ & second /oreys gives j ! "r am\nt ( %ade to an o!rwise flat surface1 :i* ! w9d[s above & at ei!r side only slightly relieve4 ,a c\rse ( :ite m>ble edg+ & heavy f\ndations ( enorm\s blocks ( ! same give solidity1 & mo/ beautifully frame ! pale-r$ brick ( :i* ! ,v5etians 7 s fond4 ,r[s ( pali1 or po/s1 pa9t$ ) ! col\rs ( ! own]1 s]ve z a dock = wait+ gondolas4 ,! wat] ( ! canal1 nev] quiesc5t1 is a puzzle = ! pa9t] :o w\ld /udy reflections4 ,! tide ebbs & fl[s on ! great highway1 ! conv5i5t b hide\s /eamboat ru%es by1 gondolas groan & creak aga9/ _! moor+s1 & a kaleidoscope ( ev]-*ang+ %apes & col\rs well-nigh drives him to despair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,palazzi ,,fosc>i ,e ,,giu/9iani1 ,,v5ice ,fur!r up ! ,gr& ,canal is a v ornate palace1 ! ,ca d',oro1 ) angles s(t5$ by ?ree twi/$ columns in/ead ( ! m usual "o 9 ?is type ( build+4 ,its faade 0 design$ by ,giovanni & ,b>tolommeo ,buon1 :o built ! ,piazzetta 9 front ( ! ,doge's ,palace4 ,at "o "t x 0 entirely cov]$ ) gilt--h5ce ! "n4 ,d[n ne> ! ,salute1 :]e ! canal op5s out to ! sea1 are ! ,palazzo da ,mula & ! fasc9at+ little ,palazzo ,cont>9i-,fasan1 ) its lovely trac]i$ balconies4 ,^! are all ,v5etian ,go?ic4 ,( o!r /yles ! ,byzant9e ,palazzi1 da ,mo/o & ,l\dan1 ! latt] ,byron's ,v5etian home1 & ! ,r5aissance ,palazzi1 ,rezzonico1 :]e ,br[n+ liv$1 ,cam]langhi1 ,manzoni1 ) a frieze ( eagles1 ,pes>o1 & ,d>io1 ) plaques ( col\r$ m>ble on its faade1 are ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,mo/ ( !m are crack+ & bulg+1 & m ?an "o owes its pres5t exi/5ce to ! iron clamps :i* hold x toge!r4 ,x is mu* to be fe>$ t ! utilit>ian /eamboat & ev]-increas+ motor-boat traffic w soon] or lat] be responsible = ! de/ruction ( _m a beautiful build+1 ! f\ndations ( :i* 7 nev] int5d$ to )/& ! /ra9 ( ! great extra wa% x creates4 ,9 a saf] position ?an mo/ is ! ,doge's ,palace1 t magnific5t con/ruction :i* almo/ di/racts att5tion f ,s4 ,m>k's by its side4 ,! fir/ build+ to be con/ruct$ = ! rul]s ( ,v5ice /ood on ! site ( ! ,palace & 0 erect$ 9 #hac4 ,fire subsequ5tly de/roy$ x & also ! edifice :i* replac$ ! smok+ ru9s4 ,! pres5t build+ 0 comm5c$ 9 #acja & save = ! out] walls 0 almo/ gutt$ 9 #aegd & #aegg4 ,palladio1 ! =emo/ ar*itect ( ! day1 cont5d$ t x w\ld be dang]\s to attempt any recon/ruction unless ^! walls 7 demoli%$1 & x speaks volumes = ! good ta/e ( ! ,s5ate t 8 s*eme = pull+ !m d[n & putt+ up ano!r palace 9 8 own h>d classic /yle 0 n adopt$4 ,! ext]ior z we see x is almo/ entirely due to ! tal5t$ family ( ,buon--,giovanni1 ! fa!r1 & 8 two sons1 ,pantaleone & ,b>tolommeo4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 mu* to be regrett$ t :ile re/or+ ! faades ?is celebrat$ family ( tajapi]i1 or /onecutt]s1 did n adh]e to ! level & beautiful design ( ! two w9d[s :i* escap$ ! fire at ! ea/ end ( ! faade t looks ov] ! ,riva degli ,s*iavoni out to sea4 ,! %ort massive columns ( ! l[] colonnade give an idea ( imm5se /r5g? to ! great flat space above4 ,! capitals ( ^! /unt$ columns are extremely int]e/+4 ,! ,virtues & ,vices f9d places amid/ _! foliage1 z d ! mo/ fam\s ( ,rome's ,emp]ors & ,philosoph]s1 ! signs ( ! ,zodiac & _m o!r symbols4 ,twi/$ %afts1 "o ( ! types ( ,v5etian ,go?ic1 t]m9ate ! ?ree angles ( ! upp] "p ( ! two faades4 ,_! bases are compos$ ( sculptur$ gr\ps4 ,! angle ne>e/ to ,s4 ,m>k's has ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael ) ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon bel[ him4 ,! next1 at ! s\?-we/ corn]1 is a gr\p ( ,adam & ,eve ) ,gabriel above4 ,9 ! la/1 ,noah1 drunk ) w9e1 is be+ cov]$ by two ( 8 sons1 & above !m is ,s4 ,raphael ) ,tobias1 :o holds a fi%4 ,a noble w9d[ & pi]c$ balcony ( e>ly fifte5?-c5tury "w occupies ! c5tre ( ! upp] arcade :i* faces ! sea4 ,?is beautiful w9d[ & m>ble balcony op5 out f ! great ,sala ,maggiore ,consiglio4 ,above ! m\ld+ ( ! w9d[ is a figure ( ,ju/ice1 & bel[ 9 flank+ ni*es are ,,ss4 ,pet]1 ,paul & ,m>k2 ,fai?1 ,hope & ,*>ity2 & ! f\r ,c>d9al ,virtues4 ,a f9e loggia1 ) cusp$ ar*es & quatrefoils above1 runs r\nd bo? ! expos$ sides ( ! ,palace4 ,! plan ( ! build+ is an irregul> squ>e ) a great c\rty>d inside4 ,! c\rty>d is ,r5aissance1 ! ea/ side be+ a p>ticul>ly good example ( a p]iod :5 ! weal? ( ,v5ice 0 lavi%$ on h] build+s4 ,9 ! nor?-ea/ corn] ( ?is c\rt & opposite to ! ,porta della ,c>ta1 is ! fam\s ,scala dei ,giganti1 erect$ by ,rizzio 9 #adhc4 ,at ! head ( ?is magnific5t ,/aircase ( ! ,giants1 ! ,doges 7 cr[n$ ) ! ,cap ( ,au?ority4 ,f x an op5 corridor runs "r & left4 ,on ! "r ! ,scala d',oro asc5ds to ! second floor4 ,only ^? ^: names 7 inscrib$ 9 ! ,libro d',oro 7 p]mitt$ to use ?is /airway1 :i* l$ to t portion ( ! ,palace occupi$ by ! ,doges & _! att5dant nobles4 ,! cont9u\s suite ( magnific5t ap>tm5ts ?r\gh :i* ! visitor w&]s seem full ( empt9ess & sadly want ! /ately figures & qua9t dress1 ! sonor\s voices & c\rtly mann]s ( ! bygone age t once peopl$ !m & made !m live4 ,! gorge\sly gild$ & col\r$ ceil+s become n only oppressive f _! magnific5ce1 b we>isome by _! repetition2 & despite ! great traditions t cl+ to ! ,palace & ! remembrance ( ! hi/ory made )9 ^! *amb]s1 x is ) a sigh ( relief t "o /eps out on to ! balcony :]e ,ju/ice holds ! ,scales above our head1 & dr9ks 9 ! balmy air t floats 9 ov] ! lagoons keep+ ,v5ice pure & sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lion ,,( ,s4 ,,m>k',s1 ,,v5ice ,outside on ! ,riva at ! end ( ! ,piazzetta are two columns ( granite t 7 br\ght to ,v5ice 9 #aahj by ,doge ,mi*iel4 ,"o came f ,syria1 ! o!r f ,con/ant9ople4 ,on ! capital ( "o is ! ,w+$ ,lion ( ,s4 ,m>k1 ! emblem ( ,v5ice's patron sa9t2 an emblem :i* is to be f\nd 9 e city 9 ! c\ntry t own$ allegiance to ! ,doge's rule4 ,on ! o!r is a figure ( ,s4 ,!odore1 :o /&s ov] a crocodile4 ,s4 ,!odore1 x w be rememb]$1 0 ! tutel>y sa9t ( ,v5ice be=e 8 deposition on ! arrival ( ,s4 ,m>k's body2 b ?is /atue 0 n put up on ! monoli? until ! ye> #acbi4 ,^! two great columns look across ! wat] to ! isle ( ,s4 ,giorgio ,maggiore1 :]e ,palladio's great *ur* /&s 9 its *illy spl5d\r4 ,beyond are ! lagoons & ! op5 sea4 ,! m>ble-pav$ l&+-/age on :i* !y /& is f "o po9t ( view ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ,v5ice4 ,on x h] great trad]s & m]*ants ga!r$ :5 ! long-expect$ %ips f ! ,ea/ came into sight2 & z !y swept pr\dly up ! *annels & dropp$ an*or opposite1 "o c well imag9e ! excitem5t ( ! ?ankful own]s :o w\ld 9 a few m9utes g on bo>d & le>n ( ! success or failure ( ! long voyage j end$4 ,! olde/ "p ( ,v5ice lies across ! ,rialto bridge1 on ! isl& ( ,rivo ,alto1 :]e ! fi% & vegetable m>kets n[ are4 ,z ?is little t[n grew m prosp]\s a wood5 bridge1 replac$ 9 #aehh by ! pres5t "o1 0 built to connect ,rivo ,alto ) ! isl& opposite2 & by degrees ! sev5ty-two isl&s on :i* ! city is built became absorb$ )9 h] bord]s4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ,v5ice1 until connect$ ) ! ma9l& by a railway bridge1 always fac$ ! sea1 :i*1 z ,grant ,all5 writes1 0 ! front door4 ,long be=e ! ,v5ice ( ,rivo ,alto came into be+1 !re 0 a fl\ri%+ little city n _m miles away on ! isl& ( ,torcello4 ,at ! "t :5 ,attila & 8 ,huns desc5d$ on ! ,roman colony ( ,aquileia & wr\ght deva/ation ?r\gh\t t fl\ri%+ outpo/ ( ! _w's greate/ city1 _m ( ! inhabitants1 leav+ _! desolate homes to ! m]cy ( ! invad]1 fl$ to ! swamps & isl&s at ! e/u>ies ( ! riv]s ,po1 ,adige1 & ,br5ta4 ,amid/ ^! dismal surr\nd+s ! great] numb] f\nd refuge on ! isl& ( ,torcello4 ,f ,torcello ! refugees 9 "t pu%$ out to ! surr\nd+ isl&s1 & an important /ation 0 e/abli%$ on ,rivo ,alto4 ,?us began ,v5ice2 & f ?is little isl& grew t great ,republic1 ! ,mi/ress ( ! ,seas1 :i* d[n to ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution _h nev] se5 a conqu]+ ho/ ent] its wat]ways4 ,z e>ly z #fda ,torcello possess$ a ca!dral4 ,?is 0 rebuilt 9 #hgd1 & p>ts ( ! /ructure 7 lat] on incorporat$ into ! build+ :i* /&s to-day j z x did :5 f9i%$ 9 ! e>ly elev5? c5tury by ,bi%op ,orseolo4 ,its ar*itectural int]e/ lies 9 its be+ an ,italian *ur* on /rict ,byzant9e l9es1 & x is "o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( cultivat$ native art4 ,its ext]ior possesses ! simplicity ( all e>ly "w & /&s up l a great b>rack1 ) its campanile a l&m>k = miles ov] ! dre>y wa/e ( wat]s4 ,! int]ior is v au/]e & cold4 ,! bays on ei!r side ( ! nave sep>ate x f ! aisles4 ,! columns t support ! r\nd ar*es are a light grey m>ble2 ! capitals1 ,cor9?ianiz$ ,byzant9e4 ,! cl]e/ory lights1 :i* are plac$ j "u ! ro(1 are on ! s\? side only1 ^? on ! nor? hav+ be5 block$ up at "s remote p]iod4 ,! s\? aisle is lit by n>r[ r\nd-head$ w9d[s1 ea* ( :i* has a great m>ble %utt] slab on ! outside /ill sw++ 9 its m>ble socket--a rem9isc5ce ( ,anci5t ,rome1 & "o t exi/s 9 ! ,roman but*]s' %ops ( to-day4 ,a rood-scre5 %uts (f ! *oir1 ! f\r panels ( x fac+ ! nave are p>ticul>ly f9e examples ( ! art ( ! e>ly elev5? c5tury4 ,! two c5tre panels h ea* a c\ple ( peacocks ) necks out/ret*$ fe$+ on foliage2 & 9 ! two out] two lions are sculptur$ 9 p]spective1 a r unusual ?+ = s e>ly a "w4 ,^! panels support six elegant columns1 :i* 9 _! turn hold a s]ies ( pa9t$ panels ( wood ( ! f\rte5? c5tury on :i* ! ,madonna & twelve ,apo/les are repres5t$4 ,a v f9e pulpit1 ) read+-desk bel[1 is to ! nor? ( ! scre54 ,x has an int]e/+ bas-relief at ! base1 recon/ruct$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,beh9d ! high alt>1 "u :i* re/ ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,eliodorus1 is ! tribune4 ,?is "p ( ! *ur* is unique4 ,! apse is arrang$ 9 eight semicircul> r[s ( seats1 occupi$ at "o "t by ! less] cl]gy1 9 ! c5tre ( :i*1 elevat$ to a position j "u ! small ea/]n light1 is ! bi%op's ?rone4 ,! ?rone is approa*$ by a doz5 /eps sep>at$ f ! r[s ( seats by a m>ble wall4 ,! seats 9 times gone by 7 :ite m>ble1 b h be5 rec5tly re/or$ & are n[ ( brick4 ,despite _! pres5t w>m col\r1 ! damp *ill9ess ( ?is beautiful little *ur* /rikes a m\rnful note h>dly reliev$ by ! fl>+ r$ brick1 or ! gorge\s tone ( ! mosaics :i* cov] ! vault+ ( ! *oir & apse4 ,9 ! semi-dome ( ! apse a dignifi$ ,madonna & ,*ild gaze s]5ely bel[1 ) :ite-rob$ ,apo/les rang$ r\nd4 ,! mosaics1 h[ev]1 :i* cov] ! we/ wall are ( great] arti/ic int]e/1 be+ ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,!y illu/rate ! n>rative ( e>ly ,*ri/ian tradition & are divid$ into five b&s c>ry+ out its ideas4 ,! m>vell\s tessellat$ floor ( ! ca!dral has )/ood1 9 a wond]ful mann]1 ! damp & ravages ( "t1 b1 l t ( ,s4 ,m>k's1 is v unev54 ,!re is an air ( decay & long oblivion ab\t ! :ole build+ t no?+ c efface4 ,outside1 & jo9$ to ! ca!dral by a cloi/]$ walk1 is ! *ur* ( ,/a4 ,fosca4 ,orig9ally a basilica ( ! n9? c5tury1 ?is mu* dilapidat$ little edifice 0 rebuilt 9 #ajjh 9 ! %ape ( a ,greek cross4 ,a rotunda occupies ! c5tre1 inside :i* runs a grey pill>$ arcade built to support a dome t 0 nev] con/ruct$4 ,!re are ?ree apses2 ! middle "o has two r[s ( bl9d arcad+ ) ornam5tal brickwork above4 ,a brick loggia1 cov]$ ) :itewa%1 is outside1 & connects ) ! cloi/] & ! ca!dral4 ,/a4 ,fosca suff]$ m>tyrdom at ,rav5na h] native city1 & h] rema9s 7 br\ght "h1 & ?is n[ damp ru9\s little *ur* built ar\nd !m4 ,on ! gre5 grass ( ! little piazza1 :i* "o c h>dly realise 0 once ! focus ( a ?riv+ city1 /&s an anci5t /one *air call$ ,! ,?rone ( ,attila4 ,x mo/ probably 0 us$ at ! inauguration c]emony ( ,torcello's *ief magi/rates4 ,a column ( lat] date is beside x1 & beh9d !m1 occupy+ "o side ( ?is des]t$ squ>e1 is ! ,palazzo del ,commune1 a build+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 n[ us$ z ! museum :]e9 are ga!r$ all ! relics ( ,torcello's anci5t glory t "t une>?s4 ,z ! gondola c>ries "o back to ,v5ice x ?reads des]t$ canals1 & passes "u _m a bridge ! v\ssoirs ( :i* are ! only rema9+ /ones ( /ructures t spann$ ! wat] & connect$ ! isl&s ov] :i* a popul\s civilisation spread itself4 ,save = ! quack ( an occasional duck hidd5 9 ! re$s ( ! m>% & ! g>rulity ( ! gondoli] all is sil5ce & solitude4 ,a va/ sky above b adds to ! feel+ ( desolation1 z1 level ) ! wat]'s edge1 we skim along4 ,:o c tell :e!r ,v5ice h]self "o day may n become :at fasc9at+ ?\gh dre>y ,torcello n[ is6 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,fosca ,,& ,,ca!dral1 ,,torcello ,,rim9i ,x is n e visitor to ,rome :o1 pass+ "u ! ,porta del ,popolo & see+ 9 front a /raight road ) a r[ ( squalid dwell+s on "o side1 kn[s t t road1 ! old ,via ,flam9ia1 t]m9ates on ! ,adriatic coa/ at f>-(f ,rim9i4 ,?is1 ! great highway out ( ,rome nor?w>ds1 ent]s ,rim9i "u ! noble ,ar* ( ,augu/us1 a v f9e gateway built ( trav]t9e4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! m>ket-place nam$ ! ,piazza ,giulio ,ces>e--= "h /&s a p$e/al ) ! leg5d t f x ,julius ,cs> h>angu$ 8 troops aft] ! cross+ ( ! ,rubicon--x runs on & out ( ! city ov] ! bridge t crosses ! riv] ,m>rec*ia4 ,?is bridge1 :i* 0 comm5c$ dur+ ! reign ( ,augu/us & f9i%$ by ,tib]ius1 is "o ( ! be/ pres]v$ 9 ,italy4 ,( its five ar*es1 t 9 ! c5tre has ! greate/ span1 & ! two :i* flank x are a little l>g] ?an ^? at ei!r end4 ,traces ( p$im5ts may /ill be se5 on its massive buttresses4 ,! p>apet is capp$ by a r\nd$ /one c\rse4 ,f ! two c5tral pi]s inw>ds & ov] ! ar* ?is c\rse is rais$ to a high] level ?an on ! rema9d] ( ! bridge4 ,9 summ] a %all[ little riv] me&]s 9 silv]y ?reads ov] ! pebbles :i* =m ! almo/ dry b$ ( ! /ream1 & f9ds its way "u ! ar*es into ! h>b\r half a mile beyond4 ,9 w9t] a ru%+ torr5t has = c5turies beat5 aga9/ ! pi]s t ! workm5 ( ,augu/us' "t laid s well4 ,! road above1 no long] ! ,via ,flam9ia b n[ ! ,via milia1 runs out ov] ! pla9 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction to ,rome's anci5t colonies 9 ! prov9ce f :i* x d]ives its "n4 ,_m fragm5ts & columns1 let into ! walls & =m+ "p ( ! build+ mat]ial ( ! h\ses ( ,rim9i1 are evid5ce ( its importance 9 ! days ( ! e>ly emp]ors4 ,^? 7 days :5 x =m$ ) ,pes>o1 ,fano1 ,s9igallia & ,ancona1 ! gr\p kn[n z ! five ,m>itime ,cities1 & 0 "o ( ! ,capital's great ,adriatic ports4 ,! sea is b a mile (f & ! level s&s ( ,rim9i n[adays attract hundr$s ( summ] visitors :o take advantage ( _! unrivall$ ba?+ facilities4 ,! fir/ bi%op 0 appo9t$ to ,arim9ium z e>ly z #bfj1 & n9ety-n9e ye>s lat] ! celebrat$ c\ncil ( ! ,arians & ,a?anasians met to delib]ate ov] _! diff]5ces 9 ! city4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x =m$ "p ( ,o?o ,,iii4's empire1 a ,malate/a 0 appo9t$ vic]oy ( ,le ,m>*e1 & ! long connection ( ?is family ) ,rim9i !n comm5c$4 ,! mo/ r5[n$ memb] ( ! ,wrong-heads 0 und\bt$ly ,sigismondo1 a man ( great f]ocity ( disposition & lic5ti\s 9 8 habits4 ,l _m ano!r bellicose noble1 ,sigismondo _h two sides to 8 nature1 & :atev] 8 faults1 x is to 8 cr$it t _m ( 8 leisure h\rs 7 sp5t 9 ! company ( philosoph]s & m5 ( pacific ta/es4 ,x is due to 8 patronage ( ,art t ! g5ius ( ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti1 ano!r curi\s & complex product ( ! age1 f\nd scope 9 ! great *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco4 ,we owe to ^! two m5--"o ! patron1 ! o!r ! ar*itect--! be/ example ( transition f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance :i* ,italy possesses4 ,! ca!dral1 a ,go?ic edifice d$icat$ to ,s4 ,francesco1 0 b "o hundr$ ye>s old :5 ,sigismondo set ,alb]ti to "w on its trans=mation4 ,malate/a und\bt$ly int5d$ x to be ! mausoleum ( 8 race1 & t is :at ?is mo/ unecclesia/ical build+1 :i* is call$ ! ,tempio di ,malate/a1 is4 ,! faade is extremely simple4 ,x is spac$ out into ?ree equal divisions4 ,! c5tre is occupi$ by ! portal :i* has a good p$im5t & a r\nd ar* borne by highly ornate pila/]s4 ,on ei!r side are f\r ,cor9?ian columns support+ ! ?ree flat-memb]$ ar*es ( ! faade4 ,ov] !m is a broad frieze4 ,! bases ( ^! columns /& on a v beautiful c\rse :i* is cont9u$ r\nd ! two sides ( ! ,tempio4 ,at int]vals1 amid/ f9ely-*isell$ h]aldic roses & little elephants1 are alt]nat+ %ields be>+ ! ,i & ,s ( ,isotta & ,sigismondo--initials t are f\nd 9 e available place ?r\gh\t ! build+--& ! coat ( arms ( ! ,malate/a4 ,on ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! build+ a gr& r[ ( sev5 broad r\nd ar*es1 on massive rectangul> pi]s1 ?r[s a deep %ad[ on to ! s>cophagi ( ! m5 :o 7 ,sigismondo's companions 9 8 peaceful h\rs4 ,^! s>cophagi are plac$ betwe5 ! pi]s1 well above ! spectator1 on ! basem5t :i* is built out f ! brick wall ( ! orig9al ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,l ! faade1 ?is gr& colonnade & its base are l9$ ) :ite m>ble4 ,among ! s>cophagi is "o :i* conta9s a trophy br\ght by ,sigismondo f ! ,ea/4 ,! civilisation ( ! ,middle ,ages produc$ a curi\s phase ( religion t %[$ itself n only 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* di/ribut$ ! bodies ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrs all ov] ! c\ntry & robb$ ! catacombs ( ,rome = sacr$ relics 9 ord] t !y might be ador$ 9 o!r places1 b also 9 ! action ( ! great nobles1 :o1 to ga9 a little immortality1 br\ght back f di/ant w>s all !y c\ld lay h&s on t might r$\nd to _! heav5ly cr$it4 ,9 ! case ( ,sigismondo x 01 let u believe1 a love ( lit]ature t prompt$ ! !ft ( ! bones ( ! great ,platoni/1 ,gemi/hus ,ple?o1 & plac$ !m 9 ! /one *e/ "u "o ( ,alb]ti's ar*es4 ,!re !y re/ ne> ^? conta9+ ! rema9s ( k9dr$ natures :om ! w>like noble claim$ z intimate fri5ds4 ,! int]ior ( ! ,tempio consi/s ( a nave ) side *apels & an apsidal *oir4 ,! ro( is good op5 woodwork4 ,!re are f\r *apels on ei!r side ) ! orig9al po9t$ vault & gro9+4 ,! ,go?ic ar*es :i* op5 on to ! nave are cov]$ ) classic ornam5t4 ,! sp&rils are col\r$ gre5 & are emboss$ ) %ields & a spl5did floral design4 ,! wall spaces betwe5 ea* *apel1 z well z ! we/ end1 h a wond]ful arrangem5t ( v beautiful ,cor9?ian pila/]s t re/ on a sculptur$ frieze ) a blue gr\nd on :i* are %ields be>+ ! ,i & ,s4 ,f ?is frieze dep5d floral fe/oons on b&s ( gre5 & r$1 ) m$allions ( col\r$ m>ble b5ea?4 ,at ! bases ( ! pila/]s are figures hold+ %ields4 ,! :ole ( ?is design is execut$ 9 a grey /one ( ! same col\r z t 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! pi]s ( ! ar*es ( ! two fir/ *apels on ei!r side are enri*$ by figures ( knights & dames2 ! ?ird by beautiful panels ( nymphs & *ildr5 c>ry+ g>l&s1 c41 on a light blue gr\nd rem9isc5t ( ! ,della ,robbia4 ,! f\r? *apel on ! s\? side has figures symbolical ( ! mon?s ( ! ye> & ! signs ( ! ,zodiac2 :ile t on ! nor? has figures ( sa9ts on its pi]s1 to :i*1 in/ead ( ! usual classic bases1 elephants ( black m>ble h be5 sub/itut$4 ,! fir/ *apel s\? is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,sigismondo1 :o sits on two ( ^! great bea/s4 ,! ,malate/a cre/ is above ! alt>4 ,on "o wall are delicately c>v$ figures ( angels draw+ aside curta9s f a crucifix2 repeat$ on ano!r1 :]e ! angels 9 ev5 bett] attitudes "p ! curta9s f a small clos$ w9d[ t looks into ! ,sanctu>io4 ,s delicately cut are ^! beautiful figures t ! art :i* produc$ !m seems almo/ pla/ic4 ,! ,sanctu>io is clos$ & conta9s a fresco ( ,sigismondo ,malate/a kneel+ be=e 8 patron sa9t4 ,! next *apel appe>s 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,mi*ele1 ^: figure above ! alt> is suppos$ to be a portrait ( ,isotta4 ,%e is int]r$ 9 ! tomb :i* ! sket* %[s4 ,dur+ ! life ( ,sigismondo's two wives %e 0 8 mi/ress1 b at ! dea? ( ! second he m>ri$ h] & ! record ( _! w$d$ life is a happy "o4 ,h] tomb is borne by elephants on brackets & is surm\nt$ by a knight's helm ) ! ,malate/a cre/ above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isotta',s ,,tomb ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,rim9i ,! fir/ *apel on ! nor? side ( ! nave has a tomb plac$ high up on ! wall1 :i* conta9s ! rema9s ( z _m ( ,sigismondo's lea/ fam\s ance/ors z he c\ld lay h&s on4 ,! *apel is kn[n z ! ,capella dell' ,acque f an anci5t /atue ( ! ,madonna :i* repres5ts h] z s5d+ d[n ra94 ,on ! base ( ! pill>s ( ?is *apel are portraits 9 l[ relief ( ,sigismondo4 ,! l[ br[1 hook$ nose1 & cruel m\? tell "o pla9ly t ! s>donic expression ( ! face does n belie ! "* ( ?is extraord9>y man4 ,on ! wall to ! "r ( ! we/ door is 8 tomb1 :i*1 consid]+ ! "p he play$ 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 day1 mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z v simple & pla94 ,! o!r *apels are full ( ! tombs ( ! illu/ri\s memb]s1 male & female1 ( ! ,h\se ( ,malate/a4 ,along ! l5g? ( ! nave 9 front ( all ^! *apels runs a spl5did m>ble scre5 or balu/rade4 ,at e f\r? pill>1 on ! m>ble rail1 /&s a *>m+ little *]ub re/+ on a %ield or hold+ a bun* ( fl[]s or basket ( fruit4 ,! scre5 ( ! la/ *apel on ea* side is ( r$ ,v]ona m>ble & is p]=at$ by ! elephant head ( ! ,malate/a & gorge\sly design$ arabesques 9 circles4 ,f "o end to ! o!r ! scre5s /& out f ! *apels into ! nave1 & are rais$ two /eps above ! r$-til$ floor4 ,su* are "s ( ! features :i* g to make ! ,tempio di ,malate/a "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y ca!drals 9 ,italy4 ,!re is little else to attract ! visitor to ,rim9i1 unless x be to und]take a visit to ! t9y ,republic ( ,s4 ,m>9o4 ,a pleasant day's excursion may be tak5 to ?is qua9t little /ret* ( t]ritory :i* is s picturesquely situat$ on a spur ( ! ,alban m\nta9s a few miles f ! city4 ,,f]r>a ,at ! foot ( ! ,euganean hills1 ^? hills :i* /& l s5t9els deta*$ f ! nor!rn ramp>ts ( ,v5etia1 & gu>d+ ! tract ( c\ntry t /ret*es ea/w>ds to ! sea betwe5 ,rovigo & ,v5ice1 are ! ru9s ( a ca/le--! ,ca/ello d',e/e--^: lords at "o "t play$ a prom95t "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ,italy4 ,( ,lomb>d orig91 ^! ,m>graves ( ,e/e _h rul$ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry = ?ree c5turies prior to #adeb1 9 :i* ye> ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 creat$ ,borso d',e/e ,duke ( ,f]r>a1 & ! family1 z long z x la/$1 0 !nce=? insep>ably connect$ ) ! subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,m hon\rs 7 be/[$ on ,borso :5 ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 gave him ! titles ( ,duke ( ,mod5a & ,reggio1 & he held ! doma9s ( ^? places z fiefs = 8 ov]lord4 ,borso's gr&son ,alphonso m>ri$ ! notori\s ,lucrezia ,borgia2 b to ,azzo d',e/e1 ,m>grave ( ,e/e 9 ! ye> #aaaj1 belongs a great] claim to fame4 ,scion ( a junior bran* ( ! ,welfs or ,guelphs he succe$$ to ! ,du*y ( ,bav>ia on ! dea? ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ! la/ male repres5tative ( ! eld] bran* ( ! family1 & f 8 (f-spr+ grew ! ,guelph ,h\ses ( ,hanov] & ,brunswick1 f ! =m] ( :i* is desc5d$ our own ,royal l9e4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,c\rt ( ,f]r>a 0 second to none 9 ,europe = its patronage ( ! ,arts & ,lit]ature1 & ! ,h\se ( ,e/e w always be h&$ d[n to po/]ity z "o t did mu* to raise ! culture ( ,italy to a v high pit*4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! city1 surr\nd$ by a moat & ent]$ by two bridges :i* span x1 ! great pile t ,f]r>a's rul]s erect$ /&s haughtily f\r-squ>e1 ) f\r imm5se t[]s at ! corn]s4 ,"h 9 safety dwelt ^? mighty pr9ces :o br\ght r5[n to ! city t lay ar\nd & beyond2 & "h 9 a dungeon bel[ ! level ( ! wat]1 ,duke ,niccolo ,,iii4 caus$ 8 wife & h] p>am\r1 :o 0 "o ( 8 own natural sons1 to be put to dea?2 a trag$y :i* gave ,byron 8 subject 9 ! poem ,p>is9a4 ,?is huge =tress1 l mo/ ( ! o!r build+s 9 ,f]r>a1 is con/ruct$ ( brick4 ,f]r>a's /reets are wide1 & ?\gh its palaces & h\ses d n rise to any great height1 ! g>d5s beh9d !m1 enclos$ by high walls1 give an air ( spaci\sness & ari/ocratic be>+ t atte/ its =m] importance4 ,mo/ ( ^! palaces & h\ses are decorat$ ) beautifully m\ld$ brick or t]ra cotta c\rses2 & ! well-proportion$ w9d[s on _! flat /reet fronts create ! impression ( great space1 :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ,f]r>a4 ,!re is "o important build+1 h[ev]1 :i* is con/ruct$ ( /one1 ! ,palazzo de' ,diamanti1 s call$ f ! peculi> facets ( ! mat]ial ) :i* x is built4 ,f]r>a possess$ a s*ool ( pa9t+ ( its own1 & x is 9 ?is palace t ! be/ examples h be5 plac$4 ,! great palace ( ! ,b5tivoglio family1 :]e _m celebrities h lodg$1 has a heavy /one cornice & b>oque decoration on its va/ brick sides4 ,! ,casa di ,ario/o1 built by ! poet himself 9 ! ye>s #aebf-bh1 & 9 :i* he di$1 ) an inscription on its walls he compos$1 is ano!r f9e h\se4 ,! hospital ( ,/a ,anna1 a mo/ beautiful r$ brick & t]ra cotta build+1 has cloi/]$ c\rts2 & ! cell> :i* 0 ,tasso's prison = five mon?s until he 0 remov$1 /ill a prison]1 to a bett] room1 c be se54 ,9 ! ca/ello itself ,calv9 ! re=m] f\nd an asylum1 befri5d$ by ,r5e1 ! wife ( ,duke ,ercole d',e/e1 :o paid =feit = h] tem]ity by be+ sep>at$ f husb& & *ildr5 by a ,papal ,bull4 ,! ,ca!dral 0 begun 9 #aace1 & its ext]ior belongs almo/ entirely to t p]iod4 ,! we/ faade is a v good example ( ,lomb>do ,go?ic4 ,x is divid$ into ?ree equal portions ea* ( :i* is surm\nt$ by a gable conta9+ :at 0 at "o "t a :eel w9d[4 ,! c5tral "p has a good por* some:at simil> 9 design to ! "o at ,v]ona4 ,! semicircul> ar* is borne by columns support$ by two dw>f figures b5t d\ble ) ! weight ( _! burd52 !y squat on ! backs ( lions1 "o ( :i* holds a bull & ! o!r a ram betwe5 its =epaws4 ,above ?is is an op5 gall]y ) v beautiful twi/$ pill>s & quatrefoil pi]c+ 9 ! ?ree ar*es4 ,9 ! sp&rils ( ^!1 & ( e>li] date1 are bas-reliefs ( ! dead ris+ f _! tombs1 & ov] !m at ! base ( ! canopy above are reliefs ( ! ,life ( ,our ,savi\r1 ! ,virtues1 ! ,vices & ,sev5 ,mortal ,s9s1 z well z ! ,day ( ,judgm5t4 ,! two flank+ p>ts ( ! faade1 "o ( :i* appe>s 9 ! illu/ration1 h ea* ?ree ti]s ( arcad+4 ,! l[e/ is compos$ ( n9e r\nd$ ar*es ) f\r-sid$ columns gr\p$ 9 triplets1 :i* are enclos$ by ?ree po9t$ ar*es4 ,! next ti] is ( n9e po9t$ ar*es2 & ov] ?is are f\r po9t$ ar*es deeply recess$4 ,foll[+ ! l9e ( ! gable is an extremely effective gall]y ( elegant d\ble columns & po9t$ ar*es1 "o ( ! great features ( ,pisan ,go?ic s prom95t 9 ! *ur*es ( ,lucca4 ,ne> ! base ( ?is wall 9 a curi\s pilgrim's dress ) a pleat$ skirt is ! figure ( ,alb]to d',e/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,f]r>a ,! :ole ( ! s\? wall has a d\ble range ( ar*es :i* v pleasantly break ! monotony ( s va/ a space ( yell[ brick4 ,! gr& campanile at ! s\? ea/-corn] 0 put up by ,ercole ,,ii41 & is compos$ ( f\r ti]s ( r\nd ar*es on columns ) ,cor9?ian capitals4 ,! alt]nate b&s ( r$ & cream ton$ m>ble ) :i* ! ext]ior is fac$ give a good decorative effect to ?is big t[]4 ,! int]ior ( ! ,ca!dral has be5 mod]nis$ & pa9t$ to repres5t c>v$ /one4 ,:itewa%1 g5]ally ! alt]native to pa9t$ imitation ( some?+ sub/antial 9 con/ruction1 is p]haps pref]able to ?is =m ( deception z x does n really int]f]e ) ! proportions ( ! ar*itect's design4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! really f9e proportion ( ! int]ior is almo/ de/roy$ by ! obtrusive col\rs ( ! false m>ble walls1 & ! repres5tation ( bosses & capitals4 ,! semicircul> *oir by ,rossette 0 built 9 #adii & has a ceil+ cov]$ ) a fresco ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t by ,ba/ian9o1 :o 0 "o ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's fav\rite pupils4 ,?is fresco conta9s portraits ( _m ( ! pa9t]'s fri5ds :o are depict$ 9 ,heav51 :ile ^? ) :om he 0 n on good t]ms are endur+ ! tortures ( ano!r place4 ,9 ! piazza outside ! ,ca!dral a m>ket goes on all day long ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,x is difficult to analyse ! feel+s ( folk :o 9 ! bitt]e/ ( wea!r unfold _! great umbrellas ov] ! fruit & vegetables expos$ = sale4 ,b s x is 9 ,f]r>a dur+ ,novemb] :5 ! accompany+ sket* 0 made1 & e morn+ sees a ?ick coat ( ice on ! moat surr\nd+ ! ca/le4 ,= al?\gh ! good p wrapp$ !mselves 9 heavy cloaks & ?ick coats & %iv]$ ov] *>coal /oves1 !y /ill sat "u _! umbrellas4 ,habit bre$s cu/om & cu/om la/s = ages4 ,! old city walls af=d a delightful prom5ade ( f\r miles or m 9 l5g?4 ,on "o side1 ! t[n seems to be "r 9 ! middle ( a huge m>ket g>d5 above ! trees ( :i* long r$ ro(s & t[]s rise upw>ds4 ,on ! o!r1 at ?is "t ( ye>1 ! la/ leaves f r[s ( popl>s & plane trees may be se5 g5tly fall+ to ! gr\nd 9 ! tranquil fro/y air1 & :5 at re/ =m+ a glori\s c>pet ( russet & orange4 ,great teams ( ox51 six c\ple to a team1 are /ra9+ h>d at ! pl\gh t cuts deep furr[s 9 ! /iff soil4 ,! trees h long ago be5 trimm$ & ! peasants n[ turn _! h&s to ! cutt+ ( clay--t /iff clay ?r\gh :i* ! ox5 toil--= brick-mak+4 ,ice cov]s ! wat] 9 ! fosse1 & al?\gh ! sun %9es brilliantly & ! mal>ial mosquito is no m = at lea/ eight mon?s1 "o soon realises t ,f]r>a is bett] 9 ! spr+ ?an 9 late autumn4 ,,rav5na ,rav5na is "o ( ^? anci5t cities ! orig9 ( :i* is lo/ 9 ! mi/ ( ages4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 no guess "w to say t 9 ! days be=e ! fir/ unkn[n settl]s f\nd _! way to ! spot :i* became _! p]man5t home1 ! f]tile l& 9 :i* x n[ lies emb[]$ 0 a va/ wa/e ( wat]s & salt m>%es4 ,! fir/ inhabitants ( ?is dre>y region drove piles into ! mud1 & erect$ _! dwell+s on su* f\ndations z ^! af=d$4 ,wood5 piles w n la/ = ev]1 & ! subsequ5t build+s t 7 put up1 pull$ d[n & replac$1 h accord+ly suff]$ 9 /ability4 ,:5 ! m>* ( ,rome c>ri$ h] legions nor?1 ,rav5na 0 encircl$ by a seagirt wall1 & a ,roman colony 0 e/abli%$ :i* became 9 ,pompey's day a fir/-class naval /ation4 ,alive to ! great /rategic value ( ! city ! ,emp]or ,augu/us con/ruct$ a new & second h>b\r capable ( hold+ two hundr$ & fifty %ips1 :i* he nam$ ,portus ,classis4 ,?is he connect$ by a canal ) "o ( ! e/u>ies ( ! riv] ,po4 ,portus ,classis lay ?ree miles s\? ( ,rav5na1 & betwe5 ! two !re soon sprang up a connect+ l9k1 ! t[n ( ,cs>ea4 ,! ,emp]or ,honorius made ,rav5na ! capital ( ! ,we/1 & bo? he & 8 celebrat$ si/] ,placidia resid$ !re4 ,9 #dic ,!odoric1 k+ ( ! ,o/rogo?s1 :o _h ext5d$ 8 conque/s s\?w>ds ov] ! ,alps1 captur$ ! city1 & ,rav5na !n became ! capital ( ! ,go?ic k+dom4 ,dur+ 8 reign1 a reign m>k$ by absolute religi\s tol]ation1 ,italy 0 at peace = ?irty ye>s4 ,rav5na mu/ h be5 at t "t "s miles f ! coa/4 ,jordanes1 ! hi/orian1 has h&$ d[n ! fact t its celebrat$ ,p9eta1 or ,p9e ,=e/1 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,!odoric's day4 ,ju/9ian1 :o drove out ! ,go?s ) ! help ( ,belis>ius & ,n>ses1 left ! adm9i/ration 9 ! h&s ( ! latt]1 :o became ! fir/ ,ex>*4 ,! ,ex>*s ( ,rav5na practically gov]n$ ! entire ,italian k+dom2 ev5 ! ,popes 7 subject to a rule :i* la/$ "o hundr$ & eighty-five ye>s4 ,9 #aeab ! ,italian w> t foll[$ ! ,league ( ,cambray br\ght a ,fr5* army "u ,ga/on le ,foix into ,romagna1 & ! bloodie/ battle ev] f\ght on ,italian soil took place n f> f ! city2 ,ga/on los+ 8 life t[>ds ! close ( ! engagem5t at a spot m>k$ by an obelisk4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art1 n[h]e s well exemplifi$ z 9 ! mosaics ( ,rav5na1 t int]e/ is *iefly c5tr$4 ,m ?an f\rte5 c5turies h come & gone s9ce ! fir/ ( ^! wond]ful wall decorations 7 plac$ :]e !y rema9 to-day4 ,& ?\gh ,rav5na & its celebrat$ ,p9e ,=e/ are insep>ably connect$ ) ! immortal ,dante & ! poet ,byron1 & ?\gh ! s>cophagus & tomb ( ! =m]1 tuck$ away 9 a corn] ( a little piazza1 draw _m a pilgrim to wor%ip at 8 %r9e1 ,rav5na lives 9 its mosaics & w cont9ue ?us to live z long z ! walls la/ on :i* !y are encru/$4 ,!odoric's great basilica possesses "o t is univ]sally accept$ z ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 b ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,vitale is enri*$ ) ! mo/ spl5did ( all4 ,close to ,s4 ,vitale is ! mausoleum :i* ,honorius' si/]1 ,galla ,placidia1 built 9 ! =m ( a ,lat9 cross = h]self & h] husb&s4 ,9 its way x is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect gems ( good ta/e 9 mural decoration extant4 ,! int]ior walls are l9$ ) r>e m>bles4 ,! ar* ov] ! entrance has a mosaic ( ! ,good ,%eph]d & ,8 ,%eep 9 subdu$ gre5s & greys4 ,! vault ( ! fir/ arm ( ! cross is cov]$ ) a mo/ glori\s blue gr\nd out ( :i* %9es a multitude ( />s 9 :ite & gold2 ?is leads ! eye 9 a p]fect h>mony ( col\r to ! blue-gre5 gr\nd ( ! dome1 :]eon ! f\r ,evangeli/s & _! symbols are portray$ 9 :ite & a dull r$4 ,! s>cophagus ( ! ,empress /ill rema9s 9 ! recess beyond1 & 9 ! lat]al arms ( ! cross are ^? ( h] bro!r ,honorius & h] second husb& ,con/antius ,,iii4 ,^! ?ree /& exactly 9 ! same places z !y did f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! mosaic above ,placidia's tomb repres5ts ,our ,"l ) an op5 book 9 "o h& & a cross 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ! c5tre is a gridiron t[>ds :i* ,he proce$s4 ,on ! left side a sort ( tomb or cupbo>d /&s op5 disclos+ on its %elves ! bodies ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 _! names be+ writt5 b5ea? ea* body4 ,9 ! o!r recesses /ags are se5 dr9k+ at f\nta9s1 & birds & arabesques cov] ! beautiful tess] gr\ndwork4 ,! s(fits ( all ! w9d[s1 :i* are fill$ ) ?9 slabs ( alaba/]1 are adorn$ by a deep r$1 & a black & :ite patt]n on a gold gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rav5na ,s4 ,vitale1 ! build+ to ! "r 9 ! sket*1 0 erect$ 9 ! reign ( ,ju/9ian by ,ar*bi%op ,ecclesius on ! spot :]e ,s4 ,vitalis suff]$ m>tyrdom4 ,l mo/ ( ! e>ly build+s ( ,rav5na x has suff]$ f ! nature ( ! gr\nd on :i* x /&s1 & is buttress$ up & held toge!r by great iron ties & clamps4 ,! int]ior is a va/ circle ) a dom$ ro( support$ by eight ar*es & ! same numb] ( pi]s1 betwe5 :i* are semicircul> two-/ori$ recesses4 ,^! are divid$ by ?ree ar*es ) pla9 columns t h d\ble capitals4 ,a circul> aisle ext5ds r\nd ! l[] "p ( ! *ur* c>ry+ a gall]y above4 ,! brick walls1 aga9/ :i* are plac$ _m anci5t s>cophagi1 7 orig9ally cov]$ ) slabs ( m>ble1 & z ,s4 ,vitale & mo/ ( ,rav5na's o!r *ur*es are n[ monum5tali nazionale x is to be hop$ t m>ble may "s day once m l9e ?is effective int]ior4 ,! sup]b mosaics on ! vault ( ! ,*oir & ,tribune are ( ! six? c5tury1 & z fre% to-day z :5 fir/ put up4 ,! semi-dome ( ! apse has a f9e gold gr\nd on :i* ! ,almighty is en?ron$ on a globe ) ,ar*angels ar\nd4 ,above !m float crimson & blue cl\ds4 ,he gives to ,s4 ,vitalis1 :o /&s at ,8 "r h&1 ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom2 on ,8 left is ,s4 ,euty*ius (f]+ a model ( ! *ur*4 ,! vault ( ! ,tribune itself is decorat$ ) "o ( ! mo/ gorge\s arrangem5ts ( col\r 9 arabesques & birds t c\ld be imag9$4 ,on "o wall is a f9e mosaic ( ,ju/9ian surr\nd$ by c\rti]s1 & ,s4 ,maximianus ) two accompany+ prie/s4 ,! ,emp]or's robe is deep purple embroid]$ ) gold & "m-(-pe>l1 ^? t ! o!rs we> are :ite & gold ) col\r$ edg+4 ,on ! opposite wall is ! ,empress ,!odora att5d$ by ! ladies ( h] c\rt4 ,"h aga9 ! co/umes give a f9e col\r note1 & ! expressions on ! diff]5t faces1 :i* are v ,ea/]n 9 type1 are rem>kable4 ,a curta9 =ms "p ( ! backgr\nd ( ?is mosaic1 & is1 curi\sly en\gh1 gre51 :ite & r$1 ! ,italian col\rs ( ! pres5t day4 ,on ! ar* are half-l5g?s ( our ,savi\r & ! twelve ,apo/les1 & ! two m>tyr$ sons ( ,s4 ,vitalis1 ,,ss4 ,g]vasius & ,protasius ^: rema9s re/ 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ambrogio 9 ,milan4 ,all ! angles ( ! mosaics are r\nd$ (f z 9 ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice & else:]e4 ,b 9 ,s4 ,vitale !y are patt]n$ ) b&s ( di/9ct col\rs1 & d n int]f]e ) ! g5]al effect z !y d 9 ,s4 ,m>k's1 :]e ! brilliant gold cat*es ! light & acc5tuates ! angle4 ,! :ole col\r s*eme ( ! decoration is gre5 & :ite reliev$ by a dull purple1 black & deep r$ set on a ri* dull gold5 gr\nd4 ,h[ev] mu* "o admires ! lat] mosaics ( ,v5ice & ,torcello1 ,pal]mo & ,monreale1 ! palm = beautiful col\r mu/ be aw>d$ to ! glori\s art ( ,rav5na4 ,at ! bases ( ! columns 9 ! ,*oir /& ! celebrat$ pagan bas-reliefs call$ ! ,?rone ( ,neptune4 ,9 bo?1 a sea-mon/] lies ext5d$ b5ea? ! ?rone ( ! god4 ,t on ! "r has a w+$ figure hold+ a trid5t2 9 ! o!r1 two figures be> a huge con* %ell4 ,sea-horses1 dolph9s & %ells1 cr[d$ 9 betwe5 ,cor9?ian pila/]s1 =m ! l[] panels :i* two nude boys be> on _! %\ld]s /agg]+ "u ! heavy weight4 ,rav5na's ca!dral conta9s no?+ ( any ar*itectural int]e/1 z x 0 rebuilt 9 ! bad p]iod ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! orig9al edifice1 :i* 0 erect$ by ,s4 ,ursus 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 0 kn[n z ! ,basilica ,ursiana4 ,! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace adjo9s ! ea/ end1 & 9 x is "o ( ,rav5na's e>lie/ places ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ,! little *apel to :i* we ref] 0 probably built ab\t #dcj & 0 ! "w ( ,pet] ,*rysologos4 ,) ! exception ( pa9t$ re/orations to "s ( its frescoes x is to-day j z x 0 :5 ! decorators left x m ?an f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 ! ve/ibule lead+ to ! *apel "o may see ! ivory ?rone ( ,s4 ,maximianus4 ,?is f9e specim5 ( six?-c5tury art is cov]$ ) little ivory panels on :i* bas-reliefs tell ! hi/ory ( ,joseph4 ,9 front ( ! seat are ! ,sa9t's monogram1 ! panels b5ea? repres5t+ ! fav\rite !me ( our ,"l z a %eph]d amid/ 8 %eep1 ) ! f\r ,evangeli/s att5dant4 ,! f\r legs ( ! ?rone appe> to be solid ivory2 ^? at ! back g "r up to ! top & mu/ at "o "t h be5 spl5did tusks4 ,to ! nor? ( ! ,ca!dral is ! ,bapti/]y4 ,! mosaics ( ! fif? c5tury :i* l9e ! int]ior are 9 a v light key ( col\r1 ! s*eme employ$ be+ light blue1 :ite & gold4 ,situat$ betwe5 ! eight ar*es ( ! octagon are sixte5 bas-reliefs ( ! prophets execut$ 9 a cream-col\r$ m>ble4 ,! ar*es !mselves are compos$ ( two memb]s1 "o )9 ! o!r1 ! out] ( :i* is gold edg$ ) :ite2 & ! inn] has a rem>kably f9e quality ( blue tess]4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! dome ,s4 ,john is se5 baptiz+ our ,savi\r1 :o /&s 9 ! wat]s ( ,jordan surr\nd$ by ! twelve ,apo/les4 ,! font1 :i* /&s on a f9e inv]t$ ,cor9?ian capital1 0 at "o "t a vase 9 ! ,temple ( ,jupit]4 ,?is ,temple 0 situat$ on ! site ( ! ,bapti/]y1 & eight ( its columns =m ! support ( ! octagon ar*es4 ,! ca!dral1 :i* is ! *ur* ) a dome 9 ! illu/ration1 possesses "o ( ! r\nd t[]s peculi> to ,rav5na4 ,! date ( ^! t[]s is unc]ta91 b is probably ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury4 ,insecure f\ndations h caus$ mo/ ( !m to tilt to "o side--note ! angle ( ! ,torre del ,pubblico 9 ! sket*--& necessitat$ a great deal ( re/oration4 ,!odoric erect$ 8 palace & ! basilica :i* adjo9s1 9 ! wide ?or\ghf>e t runs nor? & s\? f ! ,porta ,s]rata to ! ,porta ,nuova4 ,v little1 if any?+1 rema9s ( ! fir/-nam$ build+4 ,& judg+ f ! ,romanesque features ( a brick colonnade & ! portion ( a sometime l>ge dwell+ t /&s beh9d x1 x is v d\btful :e!r any ( ! orig9al palace exi/s4 ,we h x on record1 too1 t ,*>les ! ,great c>ri$ (f ! m>ble columns ( ,!odoric's build+ to adorn 8 own palace 9 ,aa*52 &1 z he did ?is1 !re is e probability t he took o!r mat]ial z well4 ,b1 if we h no?+ left ( ! ,go?ic k+'s resid5ce1 we h 8 gr& ,arian basilica intact4 ,!odoric d$icat$ 8 *ur* to ,s4 ,m>t91 b :5 ! body ( ,s4 ,apoll9>is 0 deposit$ 9 x1 a r$$ication to him took place4 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo1 z x has s9ce be5 call$ 9 contradi/9ction to ! o!r basilica at ,classis1 is fam\s ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom2 fam\s = ! f9e/ mosaic 9 ! _w4 ,on ! nor? wall1 9 ! blank space :]e ! tri=ium might be1 fac+ ! sun1 ! ,virg9 is se5 seat$ on an orange col\r$ cu%ion :i* re/s ^u a ?rone4 ,%e holds 9 h] lap ! ,*ild4 ,two angels /& on ei!r side4 ,_! robes are :ite1 h]s is deep purple fr+$ ) gold & sp>kl+ jewels4 ,advanc+ t[>ds h] are ! ,?ree ,k+s ( ! ,ea/1 ^: names appe> above ea*1 ,mel*ior1 ,gasp> & ,bal?ass>4 ,9 _! h&s are silv] vessels4 ,! fir/ angel holds 8 out to receive !m4 ,beyond ! k+s1 9 a r[1 tw5ty-two virg9s come be>+ cr[ns4 ,!y are g>b$ 9 light purple ) :ite veils2 r\nd _! wai/s are bejewell$ belts4 ,! expression on ! face ( ea* is diff]5t1 & ea* is 9 a slightly diff]5t attitude2 "o is accompani$ by a little :ite dog4 ,!y tread lightly on ! gre5 sw>d f :i* _m little fl[]s lift _! humble heads4 ,betwe5 ea* a palm-tree gr[s ) spread+ leaves & clu/]+ dates4 ,x is a wond]ful procession4 ,! eag]ness & ha/e ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ! dignifi$ & /ately rhy?m ( ! sl[ly pac+ ,virg9s are s well realis$1 t1 al?\gh !re is no idea ( any?+ b flat decoration 9 ! r5d]+1 a feel+ ( cont9u\s motion holds "o ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ! d>k5$ corn] at ! we/ end ( ! mosaic are ! walls ( ! ,city ( ,classis4 ,! gold5 tess] ( ^! walls are s d>k & fr[n+ t !y might almo/ be call$ br[n4 ,br[n !y appe> to be1 b ?is is because1 ?r\gh an ar*$ op5+1 ?ree %ips ) :ite sails come glid+ into port ov] ! crulean blue ( ! sea4 ,! eye is ?us c>ri$ along ! :ole l5g? ( ! mosaic )\t a s+le j>r+ note4 ,f ! :ite angels at "o end to ! :ite sails at ! o!r1 x travels along ) a consci\sness ( repose1 & "o feels in/9ctively t "o is 9 ! pres5ce ( a ma/]piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,apoll9>e ,,nuovo1 ,,rav5na ,on ! opposite wall1 occupy+ ! same position z ,classis1 are ! city ( ,rav5na & ! palace ( ,!odoric4 ,correspond+ ) ! two & tw5ty virg9s are figures ( tw5ty-five sa9ts clad 9 :ite--save "o--& all be>+ cr[ns4 ,our ,savi\r1 seat$ betwe5 f\r angels1 gives ,8 b5$iction to ! sa9ts1 :o advance t[>ds ,him4 ,! fir/1 9 a violet robe1 is ,s4 ,m>t9us1 ! patron ( ! ,*ur* :5 ! s\nd ( ! ,arian cre$ fill$ its aisles4 ,above bo? ^! mosaics are r\nd-head$ cl]e/ory w9d[s ) sa9ts & prophets 9 ! panels betwe54 ,! anci5t m>ble ?rone ( ! ,arian bi%ops /ill exi/s 9 a little *apel 9 ! nor? aisle2 & "h also are "s relics ( ,s4 ,apoll9>is4 ,"o ( ! ar*itectural features ( ,rav5na's *ur*es may be se5 9 ! d\ble capitals ( ! columns1 :i* give !m a sort ( /ilt1 a peculi>ity :i* does n prevail 9 *ur*es else:]e ( ! same date--! fif? & six? c5turies4 ,into ^! two c5turies 7 cr[d$ ! great ar*itectural works & _! int]ior decorations t h made ,rav5na fam\s4 ,b x is sad to ?9k t ! names ( ^? ^: g5ius f\nd scope on _! walls1 if ev] record$1 h be5 lo/4 ,! o!r great basilica1 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,apoll9>is1 ,s4 ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe1 /&s 9 solemn lonel9ess "s ?ree miles s\? ( ! city4 ,( ,augu/us' great port ?is *ur*1 emblem ( /ability1 alone rema9s4 ,its r\nd campanile t[]s up ov] ! swampy mead[s & un9habit$ di/rict t seem giv5 up entirely to ! sky & w9ds4 ,an atrium1 n[ r$uc$ to a portico1 /ood at "o "t 9 front ( ! faade1 b !re is no?+ to attract "o 9 ! b>n-l ext]ior ( ! build+ save ! glam\r atta*$ to its hi/ory1 :i* is acc5tuat$ by ! dre>y desolation ar\nd4 ,inside1 ! nave is divid$ by twelve r\nd ar*es on ea* side2 ^! are support$ by columns ( cipoll9o m>ble4 ,! ,byzant9e capitals1 z 9 ,s4 ,apoll9>e 9 ,nuovo1 are surm\nt$ by an impo/ ) a cross 9 relief4 ,a f9e flight ( /eps leads up to ! ,high ,alt>1 ,*oir & ,tribune4 ,! crypt is b5ea?4 ,! floor ( ! nave1 :i* slopes upw>ds t[>ds ! ea/1 is f\r feet above ! orig9al1 :i* 0 p>tly cov]$ ) mosaic4 ,a temple ( ,apollo /ood on ! site be=e ! *ur* 0 erect$ 9 ! ye> #ecd1 & ?is old] floor may be "p ( ! pagan build+4 ,! mosaics ( ! ,*oir & ,tribune 7 und]go+ re/oration at ! "t :5 ?is 0 writt51 b al?\gh p>tly cov]$ up en\gh 0 visible to %[ t 9 ! semi-dome ( ! apse a l>ge gold5 cross1 ) a repres5tation ( ! ,almighty's ,head 9 ! c5tre1 occupi$ ! middle ( a v brilliant blue circle4 ,! s(fit ( ! ar* ( ! ,*oir has a blue gr\nd cov]$ ) multi-col\r$ birds & arabesques4 ,among/ o!r ( ,rav5na's *ur*es ! mod]nis$ basilica ( ,s4 ,francesco1 ! *ur* contigu\s to ,dante's tomb1 conta9s "s anci5t s>cophagi & ! f9e/ tomb slab 9 ,italy4 ,?is is n[ out ( dang] & has be5 plac$ on ! we/ wall ( ! nave4 ,x orig9ally cov]$ ! rema9s ( ,o/asio da ,pol5ta1 ,"l ( ,rav5na4 ,he is repres5t$ 9 ! g>b ( a ,franciscan fri> & lies out/ret*$1 ) beautifully modell$ h&s & face1 "u a v ri* ,go?ic canopy4 ,! ,pol5ta family 7 ! fir/ to befri5d ! great poet :5 he s\ght refuge "h f ,flor5ce4 ,adjo9+ ! back premises ( "o ( ! hotels is ! old ,arian bapti/]y1 n[ ! oratory ( ,/a4 ,m>ia 9 ,cosm$94 ,x 0 "h t ! fir/ ,*ri/ian baptism 9 ,rav5na took place4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,spirito built by ,!odoric op5s on to ! same c\rty>d2 b1 next to ! ,go?ic k+'s great basilica1 ! mo/ int]e/+ build+ connect$ ) 8 "n is t :i* is situat$ half a mile outside ! ,porta ,s]rata4 ,a pleasant av5ue ) well-kept rose b$s leads "o on t[>ds a circul> build+ ( grey ,i/rian lime/one1 :i* is cov]$ ) a dome ( ! same mat]ial1 & we are 9 ! pres5ce ( ! tomb :i* ,!odoric erect$ z ! re/+-place = 8 mortal rema9s4 ,we d n see x n[ z x 0 :5 ! great k+'s bones repos$ 9 a s>cophagus )94 ,to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ,!odoric 0 a h]etic1 & :5 ! ,go?s 7 driv5 out ( ,rav5na & ! ,arian ritual 0 he>d no m1 ! ,*ur* ord]$ ! s>cophagus to be brok5 up1 & ! a%es ( him :o 0 tol]ant to all cre$s to be scatt]$ to ! w9ds4 ,! tomb 0 despoil$ ( its ornam5ts1 & consecrat$ & us$ z a *apel4 ,ev5 n[ x is sublime 9 its simplicity1 & gr& 9 its massive con/ruction4 ,its plan is a rotunda re/+ on a decagonal l[] *amb]1 ea* side ( :i* is recess$ & ar*$ by great blocks ( lime/one set z ! ,etruscans set ! ro(s ( _! tombs4 ,ris+ 9 two /oreys f ! gr\nd1 :i* is six feet bel[ ! pres5t level ( ! surr\nd+ or*>ds1 its dome is b>ely visible above ! tops ( ! fruit trees4 ,! l[] /orey re/s on a plat=m ( /one4 ,its pavem5t is always "u a few in*es ( wat]4 ,! upp] /orey is rea*$ by two flights ( /eps :i*1 built outside1 give entrance to ! sepul*ral *amb] f a gall]y or plat=m t circulates r\nd ! ext]ior4 ,?is gall]y =m$ at "o "t a portico4 ,! %afts & bases ( ! colonnade 7 f\nd buri$ 9 ! gr\nd :5 ! la/ re/oration took place 9 #aheg4 ,a massive cornice ) a circul> patt]n is on ! wall above1 & ! empty sockets plac$ at regul> int]vals1 :i* "o sees bel[ x1 presumably held ! /one t =m$ ! ro(4 ,! dome is "o huge block ( /one e/imat$ to weigh two hundr$ tons4 ,on its ext]ior1 close to ! edge1 are a doz5 p]=at$ projections4 ,x is ?\ght t ^! 7 us$ z h&les :5 ! mass 0 put into position4 ,! summit is flat1 & on x at "o "t a /atue may h /ood4 ,simplicity is almo/ always "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! great1 & ! mausoleum :i* he erect$ 0 wor?y1 9 its /r5g? & pla9ness1 ( ,!odoric ! ,go?4 ,,bologna ,! travell] 9 ,italy mu/ (t5 h notic$ ! diff]5ce 9 ! %ape ( ! battlem5ts t n[adays add s mu* to ! picturesqu5ess ( old t[]s & half-ru9$ =tress walls4 ,no d\bt he has he>d ! t]m ,guelph or ,ghibell9e appli$ to !m4 ,x is suppos$ t ,welf & ,waibl+5 7 fir/ us$ 9 ,g]many z battle-cries at ! conflict ( ,we9sb]g 9 #aadj4 ,:5 ! /ruggle = ! imp]ial ?rone betwe5 ,philip ( ,swabia & ,otto ( ,brunswick 0 hang+ 9 ! balance1 ! sympa?ies ( ,brescia1 ,milan1 & o!r ,lomb>d cities 7 enli/$ on ! side ( ,otto ! ,welf4 ,9 ! subsequ5t feuds betwe5 ! ,pope's p>ty & ! ,emp]or's x became a necessity = ! inhabitants ( ! cities ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! p59sula1 if !y wi%$ to exi/ at all1 to fav\r ei!r "o side or ! o!r4 ,! ,guelph p>ty 7 = ! ,pope1 & ! ,ghibell9e 7 p>tisans ( ! ,emp]or4 ,& ?us we f9d 9 ! hi/ory ( mo/ ( ^! t[ns an esp\sal1 z policy dictat$1 ( ! ,pope's cause at "o "t1 & ( ! ,emp]or's "s decades lat]4 ,?is app>5t inconsi/5cy 0 ! outcome ( family feuds )9 ! city walls4 ,= a t]m ( ye>s ! ,guelphic nobles might be 9 ! asc5dant1 until1 on ! dea? or murd] ( a lead+ memb]1 !y succumb$ to ! pr[ess ( ! imp]ial p>ty4 ,! great families t p9n$ _! fai? to ! asc5d5cy ( ! latt] adopt$ ! swall[-tail$ battlem5t on ! t[]s ( _! ca/le walls1 to di/+ui% !m f ! squ>e-%ap$ t 7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,italy ?r\gh\t ! middle ages 0 torn by int]nec9e /rife :i* 0 reflect$ ?r\gh\t e class ( society1 & ! subject ( ?is *apt] 0 no exception4 ,own+ allegiance to ! ,pope1 ! ,bolognese ov]ran ,romagna & =c$ ! t[ns ( t prov9ce to decl>e = ! ,*ur*4 ,9 #abdi !y defeat$ ! ,mod5ese at ,fossalto & took ,k+ ,enzio prison]4 ,= two-&-tw5ty ye>s--9 fact1 = ! re/ ( 8 life--!y kept ! unhappy man conf9$ 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,pode/1 treat$ h[ev]1 z we %\ld treat a fir/-class misdemeanant1 & accord+ to 8 rank4 ,! long-drawn-out feuds ( ! ,lamb]tazzi & ,gi]emei families1 & lat] on ^? betwe5 ! great ,visconti & ,b5tivoglio1 kept ! ,bolognese 9 a p]petual /ate ( faction fights1 :i* la/$ until ! w>like ,pontiff ,julius ,,ii4 annex$ ! city to ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,to g back to its e>lie/ days1 we le>n t ! ,etruscan k+1 ,fels9a1 f\nd$ a city 9 #ihd ,b4,c4 :]e ,bologna n[ /&s4 ,he gave x 8 own "n1 & made x ! *ief ( 8 twelve ,etruscan cities4 ,bologna c ?us1 ) legitimate pride1 po9t to a hi/ory approa*+ ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,we f9d x to-day a typical mod]n place1 ) j en\gh ( ! middle ages left to make x "o ( ! mo/ desirable ( all ,nor? ,italian cities4 ,x possesses h>dly a /reet :i* is n arcad$2 & ! ?\ght arises3 ,h[ admirably adapt$ = /reet fight+ 7 ^! %elt]$ walks 9 ! days :5 "o half ( ! t[n 0 at /rife ) ! o!r6 ,9 ! olde/ p>ts ( ! city ! /reets are tortu\s & n>r[4 ,arcades 9 su* /reets w\ld be j ! v be/ cov] = raid]s to /eal along at night2 & su* mu/ h be5 ! t]ror ( ! inhabitants dur+ c5turies ( discord t !re is sc>cely a h\se :i* has any w9d[s op5+ into ! arcades1 & ^? t d are heavily b>r$4 ,walk+ ?r\gh ^! /reets1 sil5t witnesses ( bloody feuds & sev]e fights1 "o _c suppress ! feel+ t ! old qu>t]s ( ,bologna are full ( my/]y1 & x does n require mu* imag9ation to see ! ,visconti p>ty creep+ along 9 ! %ad[$ ways = an attack on _! h]$it>y foes1 ! ,b5tivoglio4 ,s mu* = ! ?\ghts awak5$ by ,bologna's n>r[ ?or\ghf>es4 ,its *ief op5 squ>e is ! ,piazza ,maggiore1 z f9e an old ,italian squ>e z c be f\nd any:]e4 ,! celebrat$ ,fontana de ,nettuno is 9 ! c5tre4 ,a nude bronze /atue ( ! god by ,giovanni da ,bologna /&s eight feet high1 9 a some:at repell5t attitude1 above ! p$e/al & bas94 ,x is always ! c5tre ( a l\ng+ cr[d :i* ?rongs ! squ>e ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,on ! we/ side ( ! ,piazza is ! ,palazzo ,pubblico1 ) a faade t /ill reta9s1 despite re/oration1 traces ( eight elegant po9t$ w9d[s4 ,a figure ( ! ,virg9 9 t]ra-cotta1 once gild$1 /&s "u a good canopy high up on ! empty space ( ! great wall ( ! faade4 ,^! comp>atively empty wall spaces are a feature ( ,bolognese ar*itecture ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,pi]c$ by a few w9d[s1 !y give a great idea ( solidity & /r5g?2 & ?\gh "o f9ds ! same "* 9 ! palaces ( ,tuscan cities1 x is n s prom95t !re z 9 ! big build+s ( ,bologna4 ,an imm5se entrance gateway op5s into a c\rty>d1 & f ?is a v f9e /aircase by ,bramante leads up to ! int]ior4 ,9 a small] c\rt beyond is a v beautiful ci/]n by ,t]ribilia4 ,! ,hall ( ,h]cules1 s call$ f ! colossal /atue by ,alfonso ,lomb>do1 vies ) ! ,sala ,f>nese 9 spl5d\r4 ,up to ! ye> #ahdh ! palace 0 ! resid5ce ( ! ,legate & ! ,s5ator4 ,! l[] portion is n[ ! *ief po/ (fice ( ! city4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! ,piazza is ! ,palazzo del ,pode/4 ,x is a build+ t 0 begun at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b n until ! ye> #adhe 0 ! faade erect$4 ,( magnific5t proportions1 x is *iefly fam\s z ! prison ( ,k+ ,enzio4 ,! great saloon is /ill call$ ! ,sala del ,re ,enzio1 & among o!r vicissitudes 0 at "o "t a !atre1 & at ano!r ! c\rt 9 :i* ! national game ( pallone 0 play$4 ,a solid-look+ & l(ty t[]1 ! ,torrazzo dell' ,ar+o1 rises at "o end ( ! faade above ! arcades4 ,on ! pi]s :i* c>ry ! ar*es ( ^! may /ill be se5 ! huge wr\ght-iron brackets1 ! r+s1 & ! sockets = support+ bann] poles & hold+ light$ tor*es4 ,along ! ea/ side ( ?is "p ( ! ,piazza :i* is ,l-%ap$1 is ! ,portico de' ,ban*i1 a cont9u\s arcade1 ext5d+ beyond ! limits ( ! squ>e ! :ole l5g? ( ,bologna's great *ur*4 ,?is1 ! *ur* t ! ,bolognese 9 _! pride int5d$ %\ld be ! l>ge/ 9 ,italy1 has n be5 complet$ beyond ! comm5cem5t ( ! transepts4 ,! nave & aisles alone are f9i%$2 !y are ?ree hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet long1 & ! wid?1 includ+ ! *apels1 measures "o hundr$ & fifty4 ,! build+ is proportionately high1 &1 z w be se5 9 ! illu/ration1 is v spaci\s4 ,x 0 comm5c$ 9 #acij & d$icat$ to ,s4 ,petronio4 ,! ar*itect1 ,antonio ,v9c5zi1 0 "o ( ! celebrat$ ,ri=mati1 & w5t z ambassador to ! ,v5etian ,republic 9 #acif4 ,! ,piazza ,maggiore slopes d[nw>ds f ! s\?4 ,s4 ,petronio is situat$ at its s\!rn end1 & ori5tates s\? by we/4 ,! faade !re=e faces nor?-ea/1 & = ! con/ruction ( a level floor ! great *ur* is plac$ at ?is end "s doz5 /eps above ! slop+ ,piazza4 ,9 ! museum atta*$ to ,s4 ,petronio !re may be se5 ! orig9al designs1 elevations1 & a model ( ! f9i%$ /ructure4 ,_h funds p]mitt$1 ?is faade1 plac$ s well1 & ) su* magnific5t build+s surr\nd+ x1 w\ld h be5 "o ( ! be/ ,italian attempts to realise a ,go?ic *ur*4 ,z x is1 x is a gr& s*eme unfulfill$4 ,! l[] portion ( ! faade is extremely good1 ! ?ree canopi$ doorways be+ pure ,italian ,go?ic4 ,!y are adorn$ ) bas-reliefs :i* repres5t diff]5t scriptural ev5ts f ! ,creation onw>ds4 ,tribolo1 an intimate fri5d ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 0 responsible = ! beautiful angels & sibyls r\nd ! ar* ( t on ! left h&4 ,! f9e bas-relief ( ! ,resurrection 9 ! lunette1 :]e ,*ri/ is se5 among sleep+ soldi]s1 is by ,alfonso ,lomb>di4 ,! c5tral portal is consid]$ ! ma/]piece ( ,jacopo della ,qu]cia1 :o 0 n ov]paid by ! ?ree ?\s& gold5 flor9s he receiv$ = ! "w1 consid]+ t x took him twelve ye>s to complete4 ,8 noble figure ( ! ,almighty1 surr\nd$ by ?irty-two patri>*s & prophets1 is extremely f9e4 ,! "r-h& doorway is ano!r example ( ,tribolo's purity ( /yle4 ,! brickwork ( ! ext]ior is cov]$1 r\nd ! :ole *ur* at ! base1 by a v f9e base-table ( :ite m>ble ) good m\ld+s4 ,9 ! model ! entire brick surface is hidd5 by ! same mat]ial4 ,! buttresses are good1 & s are ! po9t$ w9d[s ( ! aisles1 "s ( :i*1 by ! way1 conta9 good glass4 ,! int]ior is v l(ty & expansive4 ,twelve imm5se pi]s c>ry ! ar*es ( ! nave1 tw5ty-f\r small] ones ^? ( ! aisles4 ,! height ( all ^! may be judg$ f ! illu/ration1 :]e9 also ! peculi> ,italian ,go?ic capital is se54 ,milan's great ca!dral & ,s4 ,ana/asia 9 ,v]ona are o!r specim5s ( ! same /yle ( capital4 ,!y appe> to be /uck on to ! columns1 ( :i* !y seem to =m a "p1 r ?an a sep>ate cap = ! ar*es to re/ on4 ,"o h>dly kn[s h[ ?is p>ticul> /yle grew or :]e x emanat$1 b x is n unlike ! palm-leaf capital ( an ,egyptian column4 ,! aisles are r %all[ = ! wid? ( ! nave4 ,! side *apels are %ut (f f !m by good metal grilles or beautiful m>ble scre5s4 ,f\r v anci5t black pill>s ) crosses engrav$ /& aga9/ f\r ( ! aisle pi]s4 ,!y are suppos$ to h be5 plac$ at ! gates ( old ,bologna by ,s4 ,petronio himself1 & are mu* v5]at$ by ! ,bolognese4 ,on ! floor ( ! *ur* is trac$ ! celebrat$ m]idian l9e ( ,gian ,dom5ico ,cass9i4 ,"u ! imm5se canopy :i* /&s ov] ! high alt> ,*>les ,v4 0 cr[n$ 9 #aecj by ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,! ,emp]or _h be5 invit$ to ,italy by ! la/ ( ! ,ducal ,h\se ( ,s=za1 & ) 8 coronation comm5c$ ! =eign occupation ( ,nor? ,italy4 ,bologna's ca!dral is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,pietro4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! ,via dell' ,indip5d5za1 b is s w$g$ 9 betwe5 ! high build+s :i* adjo9 x on bo? sides t x is difficult to f9d4 ,s4 ,pietro is a huge b>n-l edifice comm5c$ 9 ! bad p]iod ( #afje4 ,x is a v anci5t f\ndation ) no r$eem+ ar*itectural features4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ x conta9s is ,ludovico ,c>racci's celebrat$ ,annunciation4 ,aft] ! scaffold+ _h be5 remov$ on ! completion ( ! "w :i* is ov] ! ar* above ! high alt>1 ,c>racci discov]$ "s bad draw+ 9 "o ( ! figures4 ,he di$ soon aft] ?is--f grief1 s ! /ory goes1 z ! au?orities w\ld n p]mit him to re-erect x at 8 own co/ & rem$y ! defect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,s4 ,,petronio1 ,,bologna ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,/efano1 or r ! sev5 diff]5t edifices :i* are ?us nam$1 occupies ! site ( a temple ( ,isis4 ,x /&s bel[ ! level ( ! little ,piazza de ,s4 ,/efano1 & on its ext]ior wall is "o ( ! op5-air pulpits n uncommon 9 ,italy4 ,! fir/ *ur*1 call$ ,il ,crocifisso1 is ( ! sixte5? c5tury & n int]e/+4 ,f a door 9 ! nor? wall "o goes d[n half a doz5 /eps into ! second *ur* ( ! ,santo ,sepolcro4 ,?is is a circul> build+1 suppos$ to h be5 ! old bapti/]y4 ,twelve columns1 brick & m>ble alt]nat+1 support a good ,romanesque gall]y "u ! dome4 ,! six m>ble %afts came f ! pagan temple4 ,9 ! c5tre is a gr& alt>-pulpit1 :i* has a /airway lead+ up on ei!r side4 ,"u ! alt> is an urn :i* at "o "t held ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,petronio4 ,on ! /one floor a %utt] ( iron cov]s ! well t possesses miracul\s prop]ties1 ^! hav+ be5 imp>t$ to x by ! sa9t4 ,! *ur* dates f ! t5? c5tury4 ,an iron grille 9 "o ( ! walls %uts (f ! olde/ *ur* ( all1 a basilica ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,,ss4 ,paolo e ,pietro4 ,=ty-eight columns ) ,byzant9e & ,greek capitals support ! brick b>rel vault ( ! nave4 ,?is is dimly light$ by small r\nd cl]e/ory w9d[s4 ,! alt> /&s 9 ! tribune at ! top ( mu*-worn lime/one /eps4 ,?is also has a brick vault4 ,at ! end ( ! n>r[ aisles are ! s>cophagi ( ,s4 ,agricola & ,s4 ,vitalis--,bologna's ,s4 ,vitalis4 ,! next *ur*1 if x may be s call$1 is =m$ by ! small c\rt kn[n z ! ,atrio di ,pilato4 ,x has nev] be5 t\*$ s9ce ! elev5? c5tury1 & conta9s a v anci5t font4 ,d[n m /eps is ! *ur* ( ! ,confessio4 ,?is old crypt mu/ be a good tw5ty feet bel[ ! level outside4 ,! quadrip>tite vault+ is borne by ?ick /unt$ columns t are b>ely five feet high1 ?\gh "o is said to be ! exact height ( ,*ri/4 ,x is v d>k1 & dates f ! t5? c5tury4 ,! six? *ur* is ! passage :i* leads to ! sev5? & la/1 t ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,f\r r[s ( columns ) ,byzant9e & ,romanesque capitals support ! ro( ( ?is squ>e build+4 ,9 "o ( ! *apels1 9 a gall]i$ ni*e1 !re is an extraord9>y life-siz$ wood5 gr\p ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,m>y we>s a cr[n ( brass /udd$ ) uncut /ones4 ,on ! ,*ild's head is a mitre ( ! same4 ,! expressive faces ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 :o br+ (f]+s1 are extremely nave4 ,! fir/ we>s ! conical hat ( ! anci5t %eph]ds ( ! hills ( ,v5etia t "o /ill comes across 9 out-(-!-way di/ricts4 ,! adjo9+ cloi/]s ( ! suppress$ ,cele/9e mona/]y are rem>kable 9 ! solidity ( ! %ort pill>s1 n f\r feet high1 :i* =m ! l[] colonnade4 ,^! are 9 absolute contradi/9ction to ! elegant d\ble %afts ( ! upp] gall]y4 ,! brickwork ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,s4 ,/efano is v good4 ,conc5tric patt]ns1 squ>es1 *equ] "w :]e small squ>es ( m>ble & glaz$ tiles h be5 introduc$1 diamonds1 & oblongs are arrang$ 9 a p]fect h>mony ( design ! l ( :i* "o _c f9d 9 ,italy4 ,! ext]ior ( ,s4 ,sepolcro is1 9 ?is respect1 unsurpass$4 ,bologna's univ]sity is "o ( ! olde/ 9 ,italy1 & ! fir/ 9 :i* academical degrees 7 conf]r$4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #aaai by ,irn]ius4 ,num]\s s*ools 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,we/ aft] ,byzant9e au?ority _h fad$ away4 ,among ! fir/ 0 t ( ,bologna1 :]e ,pepo began to exp\nd ! law 9 #ajge4 ,irn]ius foll[$ him five-&-tw5ty ye>s lat] & introduc$ ! ,ju/9ian code4 ,8 foll[]s became kn[n z ,glossatori1 a ^w d]iv$ f ! ,greek ,greek3 glssa1 orig9ally mean+ a tongue4 ,! la/ ( ^! glossators 0 ,accursius1 :o compil$ ! gloss kn[n z ! ,glossa ord9>ia1 a "w :i* soon became ! ackn[l$g$ au?ority4 ,! visitor :o w&]s ?r\gh ! city & f9ds himself 9 ! m>ket-squ>e w !re see outside ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco ?ree canopi$ tombs4 ,! s>cophagi :i* re/ on a plat=m borne by pill>s are ^? ( ?ree ,glossatori1 & "o ( !m conta9s ! rema9s ( ,accursius4 ,! canopies ( ^! tombs are cov]$ ) gre5 tiles4 ,s4 ,francesco is a f9e ,go?ic *ur* ) two elegant campanili4 ,x is und]go+ ext5sive re/oration1 &1 ?\gh ( "s ar*itectural int]e/1 does n comp>e 9 o!r ways ) t ( ,s4 ,dom5ico4 ,?is *ur*1 :]e9 repose ! rema9s ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,ord] ( ,prea*+ ,fri>s or ,dom9icans1 0 begun ) ! int5tion ( foll[+ ! prevail+ fa%ion ( ! day & con/ruct+ ano!r ,go?ic fabric4 ,except = ! po9t$ w9d[s 9 "s ( ! *apels1 ,s4 ,dom5ico be>s no traces ( ?is int5tion4 ,! int]ior ( :ite m>ble1 9 a m$ley ( /yles 9 :i* poor ,r5aissance pr$om9ates1 is v cold4 ,! ext]ior has a v heavy frieze ( :ite m>ble2 ! comm5cem5t ( its out] cov]+ c>ri$ no fur!r ?an ?is4 ,x is se5 9 ! sket*1 :i* also %[s ! canopi$ tomb ( ! le>n$ juri/1 ,rol&9o ,passag]i1 :o 0 select$ by ! city to frame ! reply to ! lett] 9 :i* ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 dem&$ ! release ( 8 illegitimate son ,enzio4 ,9 ! *ur* lie ,guido ,r5i1 ^: tomb is 9 ! *apel %[n ) ! heavy frieze1 & 8 tal5t$ fell[-arti/ ,elisabetta ,sirani1 ,k+ ,enzio1 ,taddeo ,pepoli1 ,capta9 ( ! ,p 9 #accd1 & ! great ,s4 ,dom9ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,dom5ico1 ,,bologna ,born 9 ,old ,ca/ile 9 #aagj1 ,s4 ,dom9ick 0 orda9$ prie/ 9 #aaih4 ,8 fi]y zeal aga9/ h]etics & 8 extraord9>y prea*+ p[]s soon br\ght him into great prom95ce4 ,he 0 in/rum5tal 9 e/abli%+ c\rts = trial & puni%m5t ( ob/9ate h]etics4 ,! commission]s1 :o 7 inve/$ ) a jurisdiction t gave !m p[]s ( torture1 & life & dea?1 7 kn[n z ,inquisitors1 & _! conclaves pav$ ! way = ! dread$ ,inquisition4 ,s4 ,dom9ick's tomb is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,nor? ,italy4 ,x is "o ( ! e>lie/ works t ! g5ius ( ,niccol ,pisano produc$1 hav+ be5 complet$ ?irty ye>s be=e 8 ma/]piece at ,pisa 0 begun4 ,a magnific5t iron grille sep>ates ! *apel f ! nave4 ,on ! top rail are f\r v *>m+ little figures 9 bronze ( sa9ts4 ,! tomb is adorn$ by bas-reliefs illu/rat+ ! *ief ev5ts 9 ! life ( ! sa9t4 ,bel[ ^! is a v delicately c>v$ set ( small] ones by ,alfonso ,lomb>di1 :i* =m a sort ( pr$ella1 & are ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! urn :i* conta9s ! sa9t's rema9s is beh9d ! upp] set4 ,a small /atue ( ,s4 ,petronio 9 front is by ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ! be/ ( ! beautiful little angels at ! corn]s claims ! same h& z its sculptor4 ,*]ubs at ! top ( ! monum5t hold two v heavy fe/oons ( fl[]s1 :i* some:at m> ! f9e composition ( ! :ole4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! exub]ance ( ,pisano's y\? _h yet to le>n ! retic5ce :i* comes ) age4 ,no description ( ,bologna w\ld be complete )\t m5tion ( its wond]ful t[]s4 ,! graceful ,torre ,as9elli rises to a height ( ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-"o feet1 &1 al?\gh ne>ly f\r feet out ( ! p]p5dicul>1 tap]s upw>ds s imp]ceptibly t ! incl9ation is n noticeable4 ,close by x /&s ! ,torre ,g>is5da1 built by ! two bro!rs ,g>is5da4 ,x leans t5 feet 9 "o direction & ?ree 9 ano!r1 & rises to a height ( "o hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,al?\gh ! guide-books tell "o x 0 ?us con/ruct$1 x has und\bt$ly sunk into its position1 z ! diff]5t /ages inside slope ) ! incl9ation ( ! t[]4 ,^! two are n ! only t[]s ( ,bologna1 b1 be+ situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! olde/ qu>t]s ( ! city1 are ^? t are be/ kn[n4 ,,p>ma ,p>ma is v mu* l any o!r ( ! small] cities ( ,italy4 ,x c h[ev] boa/ ( a prehi/oric lake-dwell+ settlem5t1 une>!d 9 #ahfd1 & a /ill lat]1 ?\gh v e>ly orig9 z an ,etruscan colony4 ,to-day x is a bright little place pleasantly situat$ on ! broad /ream t gave x its "n4 ,if x 7 n1 h[ev]1 = its ca!dral1 its anci5t bapti/]y1 & its insep>able connection ) ! art ( ,correggio1 !re w\ld be b little to int]e/ ! /rang] or ev5 call = a halt at its railway /ation4 ,f\r bridges span ! riv] ,p>ma1 & f ea* ! blue l9e ( ! ,ap5n9es may be se5 /ret*+ away ov] ! tops ( ! or*>ds until lo/ 9 ! di/ant haze4 ,! old ,roman road1 ! ,via milia1 :i* we h already se5 />t$ out ( ,rim9i1 bisects ,p>ma f ea/ to we/1 & crosses ! riv] by a f9e old bridge1 ! ,ponte de ,mezzo4 ,?is is ! only /ructure ( ! f\r :i* c lay claim to any age4 ,x has a n>r[ roadway incl9+ up to ! c5tre ) high p>apets on ei!r side1 & p>takes v mu* ( ! "* ( a ,roman edifice4 ,except = a few inscrib$ slabs !re is no?+ ( any consequ5ce left to rem9d "o t ! pleasant little city ( to-day 0 once a fl\ri%+ colony ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,9 ! ,guelph & ,ghibell9e feuds x esp\s$ ! ,pope's cause & successfully )/ood a siege by ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,9 #acda x came into ! h&s ( ! ,visconti1 ,dukes ( ,milan1 & 0 associat$ ) t du*y = two hundr$ ye>s4 ,pope ,julius ,,ii4 incorporat$ x ) ! ,papal ,/ates1 & ?irty ye>s aft] ?is ! reign+ ,pope1 ,paul ,,iii41 gave x to 8 natural son ,pietro ,luigi ,f>nese4 ,?is family suppli$ sev5 dukes to ,p>ma :]e !y reign$ until ! male l9e became ext9ct 9 ! ye> #agca4 ,! ,b\rbons came into possession ( ! du*y ?r\gh ,m>ie ,l\ise1 & ) ! assass9ation 9 ! public ?or\ghf>e ( ,duke ,*>les ,,iii41 its hi/ory may be said to h come to an end4 ,! ca!dral & bapti/]y1 ) ! ecclesia/ical build+s :i* =m ! squ>e 9 :i* !y /&1 make a gr\p ( mu* int]e/4 ,! fir/ nam$ is a v f9e example ( ,romanesque "w4 ,x 0 comm5c$ 9 #ajeh1 b n consecrat$ until fifty ye>s lat]1 nor really complet$ till ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! faade is h[ev] entirely ! orig9al design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,& ,,bapti/]y1 ,,p>ma ,two r[s ( arcades trav]se its l5g?2 ! l[] is on a level ) & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! upp] portion ( ! c5tral por*4 ,a ?ird foll[s ! l9e ( ! gable "u a heavy cornice4 ,! por* is simil> to ! "o illu/rat$ ( ,v]ona's ca!dral4 ,two colossal lions be> ! burd5 ( ! d\ble canopies & 7 ! "w ( ,bono da ,bisone4 ,! sun is sculptur$ on ! key/one ( ! ar*1 & 9 ! s(fits ! mon?s are illu/rat$ by a s]ies ( reliefs ( agricultural pursuits1 z 9 ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice4 ,a good _m ,roman tablets h be5 us$ z decoration & = build+ mat]ial along ! :ole faade4 ,two o!r doors1 z well z ! c5tral portal1 give entrance to ! *ur*4 ,! only o!r feature ( ! ext]ior wor? m5tion is ! beautiful r$ brick campanile ) its gre5 til$ spire4 ,! fir/ impression "o receives ( ! int]ior is t ( extreme solemnity & great maje/y4 ,x nev] we>s (f4 ,! high alt>1 a blaze ( silv] & gilt1 /&s well plac$ eighte5 /eps above ! nave4 ,! transepts also are ?us situat$1 & !re is en\gh l5g? 9 ! sev5 bays t sep>ate ! aisles f ! nave to put ! *oir well back f ! spectator z he ent]s at ! we/ door4 ,f ! high alt> ! eye in/9ctively travels upw>ds to ! sp&rils 9 ! drum ( ! dome :]e "p ( ,correggio's gr& frescoes are se54 ,! f\rte5 flut$ columns ( ! nave are quadrangul>4 ,sev5 h ,cor9?ian capitals & sev5 are ,romanesque ) traces ( ,byzant9e orig9 9 ! figures1 bea/s & birds :i* =m ! volutes4 ,"s ( ^! are peacocks ) curl+ out/ret*$ necks2 o!rs are ! heads & upp] limbs ( human figures4 ,! tri=ium gall]y has elegant pill>s 9 pairs1 t support r\nd ar*es4 ,! cl]e/ory is plac$ v high4 ,! vault+ ( ! nave is peculi>1 x is elliptical4 ,! :ole ( ! walls are cov]$ ) frescoes by ,lattanzio ,gamb>a & ,girolamo ,mazzuola1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,p>migian9o4 ,a frieze is above ! capitals ( ! flut$ pila/]s t support ! ar* ( ! *oir & runs on into ! transepts4 ,x is symbolical ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,lions are se5 "h hunt+ antelopes1 de]1 & o!r animals2 t is1 ! ,*ur* is *as+ away all evil do]s4 ,! crypt "u ! *oir is ar*itecturally int]e/+1 z x %[s 9 "s ( ! capitals ( its ?irty-eight columns ! evolution f pure ,byzant9e to ,lomb>do-,romanesque "w4 ,b p]haps x w be ! frescoes 9 ! dome t draw visitors to ?is f9e *ur* r ?an its ar*itectural features4 ,9 ! decoration ( ?is ,correggio surpass$ himself 9 8 ma/]y ( *i>oscuro & ! =e%ort5+ ( ! human figure4 ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 ?\gh v adv]sely criticis$ :5 f9i%$1 & n[ greatly injur$ by damp & neglect1 is /ill "o ( ! gr&e/ pa9t+s ( its sort extant4 ,almo/ adjo9+ ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! ca!dral1 & built on slop+ gr\nd1 /&s ,p>ma's celebrat$ bapti/]y4 ,x 0 begun 9 ! ye> #aaif1 f designs by ,b5$etto ,antelami4 ,! con/ruction 0 = _m ye>s v spasmodic1 & :olly ceas$ :5 ! blood?ir/y ,ezzel9o da ,romana gov]n$ ,nor? ,italy = ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & =bade ! inhabitants to qu>ry any m m>ble4 ,at 8 dea? x 0 pu%$ on1 & 9 ! end f9i%$ t[>ds ! close ( t c5tury1 a date :i* acc\nts = ! po9t$ ar*es at ! top ( ! int]ior4 ,x is built ( ,v]ona m>ble1 & is an octagon ) ?ree ar*$ portals1 on :i* are "s v int]e/+ sculptures ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,jacob1 out ( :om gr[s a tree 9 ! bran*es ( :i* are 8 bro!rs ) ,moses at ! top1 is on "o side ( ! nor? door4 ,ano!r tree1 ) ,david & ,solomon & ! ,prophets1 is a p5dant on ! o!r4 ,! s\? doorway is decorat$ 9 a simil> /yle1 b ! trees are full ( all ! birds app>5tly !n kn[n4 ,b>n-door f[ls1 /orks1 p>rots1 eagles1 ducks1 & peacocks1 c4 c41 f9d a place 9 ?is extraord9>y avi>y 9 /one4 ,signs ( ! ,zodiac =m a sort ( frieze on ! l[] portions ( ! eight sides ( ! ext]ior4 ,f\r ti]s ( columns =m+ op5 gall]ies support a cont9u\s ar*itrave1 :i*1 :atev] ! ar*itectural m]its1 is n arti/ically a pleas+ arrangem5t4 ,! int]ior is sixte5-sid$4 ,betwe5 ea* division a long m>ble %aft is c>ri$ f its base on ! floor "r up to ! conv]g+ ribs ( ! po9t$ vault+4 ,! :ole ( ! walls & vault are cov]$ ) frescoes4 ,! upp] are e>ly1 & appe> to be almo/ contemporane\s ) ! f9i%+ ( ! build+4 ,! l[] be> ! names ( ,niccolo da ,reggio & ,b>tol9o da ,piac5za1 & are ( f\rte5?-c5tury date4 ,! ,life ( ,john ! ,bapti/ naturally takes prec$5ce 9 ^! int]e/+ examples ( mural decoration4 ,! huge font 9 ! c5tre ( ! bapti/]y is cut out ( a s+le block ( m>ble4 ,x has a c5tre comp>tm5t l t already describ$ 9 ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,fonte1 9 ,v]ona4 ,! regi/]s ( ! bapti/]y g back z f> z ! ye> #adei1 s9ce :5 x is kn[n t all ! babies born 9 ,p>ma h be5 receiv$ into ! ,fai? )9 its walls4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,lodovico1 also call$ ,s4 ,paolo1 0 =m]ly atta*$ to a ,b5$ict9e nunn]y4 ,correggio's celebrat$ s]ies ( pagan frescoes cov] ! walls ( ! p>l\r ( ! nunn]y4 ,!y 7 execut$ to ! ord] ( ! abbess1 ,giovanna da ,piac5za1 & are m fitt$ = a ,trianon ?an a conv5t4 ,m9]va1 ,juno1 ,bac*us1 & o!r hea!n gods & goddesses1 ) ,cupids1 & su*-l pr(anities1 are mo/ *>m+ly arrang$ amid/ a lattice patt]n ( fl[]s & foliage4 ,at ! p]iod1 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ?is da9ty s*eme 0 pa9t$1 great lic5ce & irregul>ities prevail$ 9 "s ( ^! conv5tual e/abli%m5ts4 ,! abbess & h] nuns (t5 ent]$ into all ! gaieties ( ! outside _w & indulg$ 9 ! vices p]ta9+ to x4 ,9 ?is case ! wra? ( ! au/]e ,adrian ,,vi4 0 visit$ on ,giovanna & h] flock1 & ,s4 ,paolo 0 clos$1 ! abbess dy+ )9 a mon? aft] ?is humiliation4 ,,g5oa ,! poet ,tasso 9 8 ,j]usalem ,deliv]$ s+s ( ! exploits ( ! great comm&] ( ! ,fir/ ,crusade2 & al?\gh ,godfrey de ,b\illon _h little to d ) ,g5oa1 x 0 f its port t 8 fleet spread sail 9 #ajif & disappe>$ ov] ! s\!rn horizon on its way to ! ,holy ,l&4 ,ne>ly ?ree ye>s _h pass$ 9 h>d fight+ be=e ,godfrey & 8 army f\nd !mselves be=e ! walls ( ,j]usalem4 ,mean:ile ! ,second ,crusade _h />t$ f ,g5oa1 "u ! comm& ( ,guglielmo ,embrianco4 ,he jo9$ =ces ) ,de ,b\illon1 & ! ,holy ,city fell to _! arms on ,july #ae1 #ajii4 ,embrianco cov]$ himself ) glory2 & on 8 return1 among o!r treasures1 br\ght home ! celebrat$ ,sacro ,cat9o1 :i* he pres5t$ to 8 native city4 ,?is di% ( gre5 glass is 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,= c5turies x 0 suppos$ to h be5 fa%ion$ f a s+le em]ald1 & tradition has x z ! v di%1 ! ,holy ,grail1 :i* held ! ,pas*al ,lamb at ! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,! port ( ,g5oa is v diff]5t n[ to :at x 0 9 ^? e>ly days4 ,%ips ( all nationalities & e sort ( build f9d refuge beh9d ! num]\s breakwat]s :i* protect !m f e gale t bl[s4 ,! ,molo ,vec*io is ! olde/ ( ^! %elt]s1 & built ^u half its l5g? is an old qu>t] t is "o ( ! fa/-vani%+ slums ( ! city4 ,on ! sea-w>d side ( ?is mole ! ,mura della ,malapaga fr[ns on incom+ craft1 j z :5 9 days gone by x bid defiance to ! enemies ( ,g5oa ^: tem]ity _h l$ !m ?us f> 9 attacks on ! city4 ,x is t]m9at$ by a gr& sea-gateway ( v massive con/ruction4 ,at ! end ( a subsequ5t ext5sion ! old ligh?\se rises1 n[ well )9 ! port4 ,! h\se /ill /&s 9 ! old qu>t] 9 :i* ,m>co ,polo 0 imprison$ aft] ! defeat ( ! ,pisans at ! battle ( ,curzola1 :5 he 0 tak5 captive4 ,! ,molo ,nuovo /ret*es f ! we/ side ( ! port ne> ! tall ,ph>o1 &1 runn+ outw>ds1 b5ds back & cov]s ! ,molo ,vec*io f ! s\!rly gales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,old ,,/reet1 ,,rav5na ,g5oa's quays pres5t a busy picture ) ! endless traffic t makes h] ! premi] port ( ,italy4 ,/r+s ( heavily lad5 c>ts drawn by teams ( great mules are cont9ually pass+ to & fro4 ,cabs rattle on ! pavem5ts1 _! driv]s crack+ _! :ips1 ! horses' heads decorat$ ) ! long tail fea!rs ( ! ,amh]/ pheasant t dance ab\t to ! music ( ! h>ness-bells4 ,gr\ps ( boys play pit* & toss ) co9s1 & /ill cry ,croce e ,griffo 7,cross or ,gryphon71 a cry z old z ! w>s ) ,pisa4 ,it9]ant p$l>s pe/] folk to buy :at no "o seems to want4 ,"u ! arcades t face ! sea-front %ops ( all sorts exhibit ev]y?+ ! seaf>] c possibly require1 & a lively bus9ess goes on 9 re/uff+ ! emigrants' mattresses ) dry sea-we$ or hay4 ,up1 beh9d all ?is1 n>r[ /reets w9d ?r\gh ! old p>ts ( ! city & =m an intricate maze :]e9 x is n difficult to miss "o's way4 ,_m ( ! h\ses "h are sev51 eight1 or n9e /oreys high4 ,all ! day's wa%+--& e day is wa%+ day--hangs out f ! w9d[s on long bamboos1 or flutt]s f a cord /ret*$ across ! conf9$ ?or\ghf>es4 ,f[ls1 9 _! inquisitive endeav\rs to f9d food1 try to satiate an appetite :i* is nev] satisfi$4 ,!y are all scraggy4 ,d>k c\rty>ds at ! bottom ( ^! tall dwell+s teem ) scream+ *ildr5 & scold+ wom5 :o are engag$ at ! f\nta9 tr\ghs ) ! wa%+4 ,! e>-splitt+ cries ( hawk]s ha/5 "o's foot/eps d[n ! /eep desc5ts1 & "o dodges out ( _! way only to lose oneself 9 va9 attempts to leave ! picturesque b squalid qu>t]s ( old ,g5oa4 ,h[ev] fasc9at+ ^! slums may be--& !y c hold _! own f ! pa9t]'s po9t ( view ) ^? 9 any o!r ,m$it]ranean port--x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! palaces = :i* ,g5oa is ju/ly fam\s h h>dly a rival4 ,hi/orically ! mo/ int]e/+ is ! ,palazzo di ,s4 ,giorgio1 :i* /&s close to ! quayside at ! ea/ end ( ! ,piazza ,c>icam5to4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 #abfa by ,guglielmo ,boccanegra1 ,capta9 ( ! ,p1 = 8 own resid5ce4 ,at 8 dea? x 0 tak5 ov] z ! gov]nm5t (fice = ! regi/ration ( public loans1 or comp]e1 & nam$ ! ,palazzo della ,comp]e4 ,9 #adjg ! ,bank+ ,company :i* practically rul$ comm]cial ,g5oa acquir$ x z _! headqu>t]s1 & its "n 0 *ang$ to t ( ! city's patron sa9t4 ,?is bank 0 ! olde/ 9 ! _w4 ,x orig9at$ aft] ! ,g5oese _h driv5 ! ,v5etians out ( ,con/ant9ople1 & s crippl$ ! trade ( _! great ,adriatic rival t = a "t !y 7 ma/]s ( ne>ly all ! ,ea/]n comm]ce t fl[$ we/w>ds4 ,?is increase 9 prosp]ity 0 to a great ext5t ! cause ( ! =mation ( a trad+ company1 :i* accept$ deposits & advanc$ loans to o!rs ?an its own memb]s4 ,?us 0 f\nd$ a bank t c>ri$ on its bus9ess successfully until ! la/ ,doge ( ,g5oa 0 unseat$ & ! mu%room ,republic ( ,liguria proclaim$4 ,! bank's prop]ty 0 !n confiscat$1 & ,g5oa1 gov]n$ by "t-s]v]s & place-hunt]s1 fell ^u evil days4 ,! ,palazzo has be5 mu* alt]$ & re/or$1 b reta9s "s ( ! orig9al ,g5oese ,go?ic ( ,boccanegra's build+4 ,! ,gr& ,hall on ! fir/ floor conta9s _m /atues ( ! city's b5efactors & prom95t m51 & is an int]e/+ epitome ( _! *>ities1 :i* are commemorat$ on tablets atta*$ to ea*4 ,"s ( ^! /atues are seat$1 o!rs are /&+4 ,! =m] are ( m5 :o pur*as$ _! ni*e 9 ?is ,temple ( ,fame by paym5t ( "o hundr$ ?\s& livres to ! /ate2 :ile ^? :o wi%$ to be h&$ d[n to po/]ity at a *eap] rate _h to cont5t !mselves ) effigies t = ev] are on two legs4 ,! build+ is n[ ! ,cu/oms ,h\se1 & s once m money passes ?r\gh diff]5t h&s )9 its walls4 ,!re are no o!r /reets 9 ,italy :i* c boa/ su* an array ( noble h\ses z ! r5am$ ,/rada ,nuova1 n[ ! ,via ,g>ibaldi1 & ! ,via ,balbi4 ,! ,palazzo ,rosso has a magnific5t sala t has a ro( decorat$ ) ! armorial be>+s ( ! ,brignole family & ^? !y int]m>ri$ )4 ,! ,municipality is n[ lodg$ 9 ! ,palazzo ,doria ,tursi4 ,x has a gr& faade flank$ by op5 arcades ) g>d5s on top1 & 0 built = "o ( ! ,grimaldi by ,rocco ,lurago1 a ,como ar*itect4 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus 0 born 9 ,g5oa1 & a bu/ ( him /&s 9 ! great hall ( ! palace1 ! ,sala della ,giunta4 ,9 its p$e/al are "s ( 8 autograph lett]s to ! ,banco di ,s4 ,giorgio4 ,8 family came f ,piac5za1 b at ! "t ( 8 bir? 8 fa!r 0 w>d5 ( ! ,porto dell' ,olivella1 "o ( ! city gates4 ,! ,palazzo ,ducale1 a huge build+ ( mix$ /yles1 0 begun 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury b n f9i%$ until ! sixte5?4 ,! ,palazzo ,durazzo has a gr& ve/ibule & ! f9e/ /aircase ( all4 ,! ,palazzo ,doria1 /&+ alone 9 a delightful g>d5 :i* ext5ds t[>ds ! h>b\r1 is beautifi$ by a good loggia ) arcades4 ,_m are ! palaces built by ! great families ( ,g5oa1 ! ,sp9ola1 ,pallavic9i1 ,balbi1 ,fies*i1 ,cambiasco1 & o!rs1 z well z ^? already m5tion$4 ,!y all conta9 l>ge collections ( pictures & o!r treasures1 & x c c]ta9ly be said t ! old nobility h left a hall-m>k on _! city4 ,! e>li] build+s all possess$ t[]s1 & dur+ ! ,guelph & ,ghibell9e feuds1 :5 /reet fight+ 0 ev] recurr5t1 ^! vantage positions 7 ( imm5se /rategic value--x 0 s pleasant to put ! oppos+ faction hors de combat by p\r+ boil+ pit* & molt5 lead on to ! heads bel[6 ,/reet fight+ became at l5g? su* a nuisance to ! peaceable inhabitants t ! ord] w5t =? t all t[]s 7 to be demoli%$1 ) "o exception1 ! t[] t ,guglielmo ,embrianco atta*$ to 8 h\se4 ,?is alone 0 sp>$4 ,& x is due to ! v5]ation 9 :i* 8 "n 0 held t x /&s to-day ! solit>y def5sive relic ( ,g5oa's family feuds4 ,x w be notic$ t "s ( ^! palaces are fac$1 l ! ,ca!dral1 ) b&s ( black & :ite m>ble4 ,?is di/9ction 0 grant$ to ! f\r noble h\ses ( ,doria & ,sp9ola1 :o 7 adh]5ts ( ! ,pope1 & ,fies*i & ,grimaldi1 :o took ! ,emp]or's side 9 all w>s4 ,! ,ca!dral is a good example ( :at may be t]m$ ,g5oese ,go?ic4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,lor5zo1 & 0 consecrat$ by ,pope ,gelasius ,,ii4 9 #aaah4 ,! faade1 sep>at$ into ?ree unequal p>ts1 is a good example ( ?irte5?-c5tury ,go?ic4 ,! piazza on to :i* x faces slopes %>ply d[nhill--all ,g5oa is up & d[n hill--& ! ,ca!dral rises well on its ti] ( /eps4 ,b&s ( black & :ite =m ! ext]ior wall ( ! :ole build+1 & are effectively c>ri$ ?r\gh ! recesses ( ! portals4 ,! c5tre por* has twi/$ columns1 :i* are c>ri$ r\nd ! splay ( ! ar*4 ,! columns !mselves alt]nate ) o!rs t are circul>4 ,! bases & p$e/als are cov]$ ei!r ) c>v+ or inlaid *equ] & loz5ge patt]ns4 ,! two flank+ por*es are simil>1 & assi/ v greatly to increase ! pleas+ effect ( ?is some:at elaborate treatm5t1 :i* is height5$ by ! two deta*$ spiral columns on ei!r side & ^? t t]m9ate ! faade at ea* end4 ,9 ! tympanum ov] ! c5tral doorway is a figure ( ,s4 ,lawr5ce ly+ nude on a gridiron4 ,! fire b5ea? is /ok$ & kept alive by bell[s h&l$ by ^? :o assi/$ at 8 m>tyrdom4 ,above is a figure ( ! ,almighty surr\nd$ by an angel1 a lion1 a peacock1 & a de]4 ,! deta*$ column at ! s\?-we/ angle ( ! faade1 se5 9 ! illu/ration1 c>ries a figure ( ! patron sa9t "u a canopy4 ,x re/s on ! back ( a lion2 f\r small] bea/s ( ! same species encircle ! base4 ,! two huge c\*ant lions at ei!r end ( ! /eps are ( mu* lat] date ?an ^!4 ,f ! s\?-we/ angle a f9e turret$ t[] rises upw>ds f ! squ>e1 & ) its copp] dome =ms a great feature ( ! ,ca!dral z "o walks up ! ,/rada ,c>lo ,felice4 ,?is /reet is n>r[ & full ( traffic1 s mu* s t x is ) difficulty "o makes out ! _m mutilat$ tablets ) ,roman inscriptions1 built haphaz>d into ! s\? wall ( ! ,ca!dral1 & ! canopi$ m$ival tombs let 9 above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,g5oa ,! int]ior ( ! build+ is disappo9t+4 ,"o expects to f9d m space4 ,a gall]y at ! we/ end1 "u :i* y f9d y\rself directly ^u ent]+1 =ms a sort ( atrium4 ,x is support$ by v massive clu/]$ columns :i* c>ry a good gro9$ vault ) heavy ribs4 ,?is 0 orig9ally ! cantoria1 or organ-l(t4 ,n9e small bays on ei!r side sep>ate ! nave f ! aisles4 ,! s+le columns ( ! ar*es are ( r$ & purple m>ble f ! r5[n$ qu>ries at ,tortosa1 9 ,spa94 ,at ea* corn] ( ! black m>ble bases1 & t\*+ ! torus ( ! column1 ! head ( a bird or animal has be5 c>v$4 ,! ar*es ( ! bays are po9t$4 ,above !m is an op5 tri=ium =m$ by r[s ( small /unt$ ar*es t are c>ri$ by s+le & clu/]$ columns 9 b&$ black & :ite4 ,! cl]e/ory is ( small n>r[ s+le lights4 ,! transepts are ,r5aissance1 & ! *oir a mixture ( /yles4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ! nor? aisle be>s a resemblance to t ( ,il ,santo at ,padua4 ,f\r sl5d] c>v$ pill>s support ! entablature ( good ,r5aissance design1 on :i* are exceptionally well arrang$ panels illu/rat+ ! sa9t's life4 ,filippo ,doria erect$ ! canopy borne by porphyry columns :i* /&s ov] ! alt>4 ,"u ?is1 enclos$ 9 an iron casket )9 a m>ble ark1 on :i* are sculptur$ reliefs1 are ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,john4 ,g5oa's fleet 0 homew>d b\nd aft] "o ( ! crusades1 :51 ?r\gh /ress ( wea!r1 x took %elt] 9 ! port ( ,myrra1 9 ,lycia4 ,he>+ t a mona/]y close by conta9$ ! sacr$ rema9s ( ! sa9t1 "s ( ! bold] spirits ( ! fleet ent]$ ! *ur* atta*$1 &1 despite ! prote/s ( _! co-religioni/s1 c>ri$ (f 9 triumph all t rema9$ ( ,/4 ,john4 ,! relics 7 pres5t$ to _! own ,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,lor5zo on arriv+ home4 ,"h !y h re/$ ev] s9ce4 ,no wom5 are admitt$ into ! *apel--a prohibition impos$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii4 9 remembrance ( ! guilt ( ,h]odias4 ,! ,treasury holds _m ?+s ( value & int]e/ besides ! ,sacro ,cat9o already describ$4 ,among !m is a f9e piece ( ,byzant9e mu*-bejewell$ metal "w kn[n z ! ,cross ( ,zacc>ia4 ,x 0 c>ri$ (f f ,phocea by ,tic9o ,zacc>ia at ! capture ( t place4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo degli ,arm5i conta9s ! celebrat$ picture on a clo? ( ! head ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 giv5 to "o ( ! ,montaldi1 a noble ,g5oese family1 by ,john ,paleologus1 ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople1 9 return = important s]vices r5d]$4 ,! leg5d runs t ,agb>us1 ,k+ ( ,edessa1 s5t an arti/1 ,annanias by "n1 to pa9t our ,"l's portrait4 ,annanias 0 no portrait pa9t]1 & fail$ 9 ! attempt4 ,our ,"l !n took a clo?1 press$ x to ,8 face1 & s5t ! impression back to ! ,k+4 ,leon>do ,montaldo bequea!d x to ! *ur* 9 #achb4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,donato1 ) its ,romanesque t[] t 0 built into ! walls ( ,g5oa =m+ "o ( its def5ces1 dates f ! elev5? c5tury4 ,!re are _m o!r ecclesia/ical fabrics 9 a place :i* is fa/ los+ all traces ( old associations4 ,( ! ?ree sets ( walls built at diff]5t times z ! city sl[ly enl>g$ itself1 ! out] alone be>s any semblance ( its pri/9e /ate1 & mod]n ,g5oa1 ) up-to-date improvem5ts1 is encroa*+ on ^!4 ,b = all ?is its situation is sup]b1 & x is 9 e way a bright & *>m+ place4 ,to ^? :o ent] by rail x is impossible to grasp ! incomp>able position ! city occupies4 ,com+ 9 along ! ,cornice road f ! we/1 or t f ! ea/1 x c be bett] realis$4 ,b ! be/ approa* is by sea4 ,! long l9e ( di/ant m\nta9s t fir/ appe>s on ! horizon gradually op5s up1 peak rises beyond peak1 ! ne>] hills become deta*$1 valleys are reveal$1 & soon :ite h\ses may be disc]n$ dott+ ! d>k grey slopes4 ,a long1 brok5 array ( villages fr+es ! blue wat]s1 ga!r+ clos] toge!r z l& is approa*$4 ,! mass ( w>m yell[i% t9t sc9tillat+ 9 ! brilliancy ( a ,m$it]ranean sun takes %ape1 & ! eye by degrees sep>ates long t]rac$ r[s ( build+s1 *ur* t[]s & domes f "o ano!r4 ,! col\r *anges1 & a het]og5e\s comb9ation ( p9k1 :ite1 yell[1 & grey discloses ! f>-fam$ city ris+ ti] above ti] f ! busy port t lies at its base4 ,a :i/le s\nds1 ! rattl+ cable ru%es out1 ! an*or plunges into ! wat]1 & our %ip is at re/4 ,we are 9 ! hi/oric port f :i* ! ,fir/ ,crusade />t$1 & f :i* n s long ago ! patriot ,g>ibaldi1 ) ! fri5dly aid ( ,rubatt9o1 sail$ ) 8 devot$ ?\s& = ,sicily4 ,,pisa ,y w n f9d 9 all ,italy any?+ t is plac$ q s well ) an eye to effective gr\p+ z ! ,bapti/]y1 ,ca!dral1 & ,campanile ( ,pisa4 ,n[h]e does any?+ approa* s ne> to ! ecclesia/ical exclusiv5ess ( an ,engli% ca!dral close z ! great squ>e ( level gre5 sw>d 9 :i* ^! ?ree rem>kable fabrics /&4 ,f "o corn] ( ! ,piazza del ,duomo "p ( ! univ]sity build+s looks ov] ! turf to ! ,bapti/]y4 ,h>d by ! seat ( le>n+ is ! ,porta ,nuova1 a f9e gateway t pi]ces ! old walls ( ! city--walls ( an almo/ unpa9table r$4 ,)9 ! walls1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,ca!dral--t is1 to ! nor?--! ,campo ,santo /&s ) b>e faade & dom$ t[]4 ,adjo9+ x on ! ea/1 conv5tual build+s & ! ,palace ( ! ,ar*bi%op occupy ! angle ( ! ,piazza4 ,!y face ! ,campanile4 ,! "o or two e/abli%m5ts :i* come next z we cont9ue our giro are full ( little m>ble ,lean+ ,t[]s & o!r s\v5irs :i* ! t\ri/ delights 94 ,save = ! intrusiv5ess ( ^! %ops1 !re is no?+ else 9 ! surr\nd+s ( ! va/ squ>e t detracts f ! fasc9ation ( ! wond]ful gr\p 9 ! c5tre4 ,! ,pisa ( to-day _c h *ang$ mu* f ! ,pisa ( two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,x is true t1 outside ! old walls :i* encircle h]1 a /raggl+ suburb is gr[+ up1 b )9 !m noble palaces /ill front ! ,riv] ,arno1 & o!rs occupy ! be/ positions 9 ! city4 ,dwell+s ( ! poor] classes l9e ! n>r[ /reets t connect ! wid] & m spaci\s ?or\ghf>es2 !y cr[d ?ickly toge!r1 & ! life ( ! pavem5ts is ! life ( ,italy z ! t\ri/ loves to f9d x--! life ( days gone by4 ,x has be5 said t all roads lead to ,rome2 9 ,pisa all roads lead to ! ,piazza del ,duomo4 ,9 ! c5tre /&s ! ,ca!dral2 to ! we/ ( x1 ! ,bapti/]y2 to ! ea/ rises ! ,campanile1 or ,lean+ ,t[]4 ,pisa _h well-nigh rea*$ ! z5i? ( h] p[] :5 9 #ajfc h] p resolv$ to commemorate a great victory ov] ! ,s>ac5s by build+ a new ca!dral4 ,n9ety ye>s lat]1 hav+ de/roy$ _! ,s\!rn rival ,amalfi1 ! ,pisans comm5c$ ! ,bapti/]y4 ,! ye> #aagd saw ! fir/ /one ( ! ,campanile laid4 ,?us 9 a little ov] "o hundr$ ye>s ^! ?ree build+s1 :i* m>k s important an epo* 9 ,italian ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 7 "u con/ruction4 ,! adv5t ( a man ( unkn[n orig91 ,busketus1 :o design$ ! ,ca!dral1 & ^: epitaph is on "o ( its walls1 h]ald$ a new phase 9 ! art ( ! c\ntry4 ,& al?\gh he adapt$ some?+ f ! ,romanesque1 ?is gr& *ur* ( 8 0 ! precursor ( a /yle t we f9d amplifi$1 b n improv$ ^u1 9 ,f]r>a1 ,pavia1 ,p>ma1 &1 mo/ notably ( all1 9 ! neighb\r+ city ( ,lucca4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,italian ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ,pisa /&s pre-em95t4 ,! faade ( ! ,ca!dral is v /rik+4 ,! sev5 r\nd ar*es ( ! bl9d arcade t =m ! l[e/ ti] or base are cont9u$ r\nd ! entire fabric4 ,! p$e/als f :i* ! columns ( ?is arcade spr+ re/ on a bold b simple base-table t also encircles ! build+4 ,^! columns are r\nd on ! faade1 ! ea/]n apse1 & ! apse at ! end ( ea* transept1 b become pila/]s else:]e4 ,?is extremely good arrangem5t does n break up ! flat walls by too _m obtrusive p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,on ! contr>y1 x enhances _! noble l5g?1 & at ! same "t improves ! semicircle ( ! apses4 ,?ree bronze doors occupy ?ree ar*es ( ! faade arcade4 ,!y are good examples ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,crude mosaics 9 ! tympanums above are a j>r+ col\r note :i* "o w\ld will+ly suppress4 ,x is o!rwise1 h[ev]1 ) ! wond]ful patt]ns ( inlaid m>ble & ! ri* ornam5tation ( v9e-leaves & floral =ms1 human heads & animals1 t embelli% ! :ole faade--a "* ( decoration t f9ds a fitt+ t]m9al 9 ! crockets on ! gables & ! figures at _! ends4 ,above ! arcade f\r deeply recess$ gall]ies fill ! :ole space ( ! faade4 ,! l[e/ ( ^! is on a level ) ! cl]e/ory lights 9 ! aisles4 ,! next is cut (f at ei!r end by ! angle ( ! gable2 ! columns dim9i% 9 size ) ! slope ( ! aisle ro(4 ,! ?ird is 9 a l9e ) ! cl]e/ory ( ! nave1 & ! topmo/ dim9i%es ) ! gable1 :i* is c>ri$ beyond & above ! ridge ( ! ro( ( ! nave4 ,! sl5d] pill>s t support ! ar*es ( ^! gall]ies h wond]fully c>v$ capitals1 & /& out 9 ! brilliant aft]noon sun f ! deep %ad[ beh9d ) m>vell\s effect4 ,"o ent]s ! ,ca!dral by ! s\? & only door :i* escap$ ! great conflagration ( #aeif4 ,its bronze panels are by ,bonannus1 :o has h&$ d[n tw5ty-f\r episodes ( ,gospel hi/ory 9 ! v +5u\s /yle ( 8 "t4 ,a lead-cov]$ p5?\se w>ds (f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,! f9e cupola :i* rises above ! cross+ is r dw>f$ by ! ,go?ic arcade & f9ials :i* surr\nd its base4 ,! gr& effect ( ! ,ca!dral is due 9 a measure to ! mell[+ ( ! :ite m>ble1 :i* ! sun has seem+ly bak$ to a beautiful w>m yell[ & light r$4 ,on ! nor? side1 :i* is expos$ to ! bitt] tramontana w9d f ! ,monti ,pisani1 ! m>ble is bli/]$ & scor$1 & has acquir$ an a%5 :ite t 9 ?is sunny l& is n pleasant4 ,! int]ior is l(ty4 ,! effect obta9$ by ! b&s ( black & :ite m>ble ( :i* ! walls are compos$ is n s emb>rass+ to ! eye z 9 ,si5a's holy fane4 ,! nave is divid$ into t5 bays2 ! columns t support ! r\nd ar*es are magnific5t monoli?s ( granite4 ,^! bays are c>ri$ 9 a cont9u\s colonnade across ! transepts & along _! ea/ & we/ walls4 ,! aisles are d\ble4 ,z a consequ5ce ! =e/ ( columns & ar*es is almo/ bewild]+2 & if x 7 n = ! f9e proportions ( ! nave1 ! eye w\ld h b little re/ f a multiplicity ( %ad[s & di/urb+ spots ( light4 ,! po9t$ tri=ium1 t is borne by ! ar*es ( ! nave1 is cont9u$ across ! transepts into ! *oir4 ,! base ( ! cupola at ! cross+ is elliptical1 ! l5g? be+ ea/ & we/ & ! n>r[ sides nor? & s\?4 ,! int]ior ( ! dome is cov]$ ) frescoes4 ,! design ( ! six alt>s 9 ea* aisle is attribut$ to ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! transepts are t]m9at$ by two apsidal *apels ) mosaics 9 ! semi-domes said to be design$ by ,cimabue4 ,! same orig9 c be m ju/ly claim$ by t :i* decorates ! vault ( ! *oir apse1 & 9 :i* ! great arti/ has depict$ our ,"l 9 ,glory1 & ,s4 ,john4 ,! pavem5ts ( ! *oir & cross+ are exceptionally f9e opus ,alex&r9um4 ,! huge bronze lamp t hangs1 sw++ slightly1 f ! c(f]$ & gild$ ro( ( ! nave is suppos$ to h sugge/$ to ,galileo ! idea ( ! pr9ciple ( ! p5dulum4 ,to ! we/ ( ! ,ca!dral is ,pisa's beautiful ,bapti/]y4 ,?is build+ 0 comm5c$ by ,diotisalvi 9 #aaec1 & cont9u$ lat] on 9 #abgh4 ,! l[e/ /orey is ( ! fir/ m5tion$ date1 &1 l ! ,ca!dral1 is compos$ ( a bl9d arcade1 pi]c$ 9 ?is case ) small r\nd-head$ w9d[s4 ,an op5 gall]y circulates r\nd ! :ole edifice above ?is4 ,its columns support r\nd ar*es t are surm\nt$ 9 pi]s by crocket$ gables1 pi]c$ & cusp$4 ,a figure /&s on ! apex ( ea*1 :ile betwe5 e pair small op5 turrets ?ru/ _! p9nacles upw>ds4 ,above ?is gall]y a s]ies ( w9d[s ) a simil> arrangem5t breaks ! base-l9e ( ! some:at ugly pe>-%ap$ dome4 ,z a prev5tion aga9/ ! corrod+ influ5ce ( ! salt sea w9ds1 ?is dome is til$ on its s\?-we/ surface4 ,! o!r portion is cov]$ ) lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bapti/]y1 ,,pisa ,9 ! c5tre ( ! int]ior1 g5]ally ent]$ by ! door opposite ! we/ faade ( ! ,ca!dral1 /&s ! font 9 :i* baby ,pisans h = _m g5]ations be5 baptiz$4 ,l o!rs1 x is made = total imm]sion4 ,! walls :i* surr\nd ! appropriately wav$ black-&-:ite patt]n ( its floor are extremely beautiful4 ,a delicately c>v$ framework ( m>ble encloses wond]ful panels ( inlaid mosaic some:at 9 ! /yle ( ! pulpit 9 ! illu/ration to ,sal]no4 ,six small bas9s are let into ! walls ( ! font & are us$ n[ = ! ,holy ,rite4 ,ne> ! alt> /&s ,niccol ,pisano's ma/]piece4 ,?is hexagonal pulpit re/s on sev5 sl5d] columns ( m>ble & granite4 ,"s ( ^! columns rise f _! bases on ! backs ( lions1 gryphons1 & cr\*+ human figures1 ?us 9 a way repres5t+ ! dom9ion ( ! ,^w ( ,god ov] creation4 ,! rectangul> panels ( ! pulpit /age are beautifully c>v$ 9 high relief4 ,niccol ,pisano's art1 :i* be>s evid5t traces ( pagan influ5ce1 is se5 at its be/ 9 ^! panels ( ! ,nativity1 ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 ! ,crucifixion1 & ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,on ! /eps is a r$ m>ble pill> /&+ on ! back ( a lion4 ,x supports a small m>ble book-re/ f :i* ! ,epi/le 0 read4 ,! desk on ! pulpit itself is plac$ on an eagle1 & 0 us$ = ! read+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,eight m>ble pi]s & eight granite columns support ! gall]y b5ea? ! dome4 ,! :ole ( ?is noble int]ior is v light & airy1 & ,pisan mo!rs %\ld h m cause to hope = a bright future = _! babes ?an _! si/]s 9 ,p>ma1 if a comp>ison is p]missible betwe5 ! bright *e]9ess ( ! "o place & ! my/ical gloom ( ! o!r4 ,! ,campanile /&s to ! ea/ ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,its base is "s feet bel[ ! re/ful gre5 ( ! grass t cov]s ! :ole ( ! ,piazza4 ,f\r diff]5t ar*itects c>ri$ out its erection dur+ a p]iod t ext5d$ ov] ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s4 ,! base1 ano!r bl9d arcade1 0 begun 9 #aagd by ,bonannus2 ! f\r? gall]y 0 add$ by ,b55ato1 ! next two by ,william ( ,innsbrck1 & ! topmo/ by ,tommaso4 ,! f\ndations 7 un=tunately laid 9 sea-s&1 & ! t[] settl$ at an angle t causes x to lean t[>ds ! s\? ?irte5 feet out ( ! p]p5dicul>4 ,galileo utilis$ ?is feature = exp]im5ts on ! velocity ( fall+ bodies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,campanile ,,& ,,duomo1 ,,pisa ,! ,campo ,santo1 ! dome ( :i* is se5 9 ! illu/ration to ! "r ( ! ,ca!dral1 is a quiet cloi/]$ c\rt on ! walls ( :i* are an extraord9>y s]ies ( frescoes4 ,^? on ! nor? wall1 by ! ,flor5t9e1 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,fra ,angelico1 are ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,! ,go?ic ar*es & sl5d] columns ( ! cloi/]1 & ! well-kept g>d5-plot 9 ! c5tre1 out ( :i* tall cypress-trees re> !mselves 9 ord]$ array1 add mu* to ! dignity ( ?is quiet spot4 ,! old ,dom9ican basilica ( ,/a ,cat]9a /&s 9 a corn] ( ! piazza ( ! same "n4 ,great plane-trees almo/ hide f view its beautiful faade1 :i*1 l t ( ! ,ca!dral1 is gabl$ & arrang$ 9 gall]ies4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ^! are ,go?ic1 ) trefoil cusp$ ar*es1 develop+ 9 ! topmo/ to c9quefoil1 & giv+ an air ( elegance to ! :ole t is lack+ 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two faades ends ) ! op9ion t :ile 9 ,/a ,cat]9a !re is m grace1 ! ,ca!dral possesses m ar*itectural fitness = ! design & proportions ( ! outl9e4 ,diotisalvi built ! little octagonal *ur* ( ,s4 ,sepolcro = ! ,knights ,templ>s1 & ,niccol ,pisano erect$ ! f9e campanile atta*$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco4 ,?is t[] is p>tly support$ by consoles1 or brackets1 )9 ! *ur*4 ,! /aircase runs up bo? inside & outside its walls4 ,s4 ,/efano1 :i* conta9s a ,s4 ,george by ,donatello1 is close to ! ,c>ovana 9 ! ,piazza dei ,cavali]i4 ,! piazza is ?\ght to be ! old ,roman =um4 ,! ,c>ovana 0 ! ,palace ( ! ,knights ( ,s4 ,/eph51 & 0 ano!r ( ,niccol ,pisano's works1 &1 al?\gh alt]$ lat] on by ,vas>i1 is a f9e example ( ,dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,a d\ble flight ( /eps leads up to ! entrance-door1 on ei!r side ( :i* are tall w9d[s4 ,! faade is cov]$ ) frescoes & adorn$ by six bu/s 9 ni*es ( ! fir/ half-doz5 ,gr& ,dukes1 ,ma/]s ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ro( projects f> out1 & ! eaves1 support$ by well-c>v$ cantilev]s1 ?r[ a deep %ad[ d[n ! front ( ! palace4 ,! ,ord] ( ,s4 ,/efano 0 f\nd$ 9 #aefa by ,cosimo ,i41 b nev] di/+ui%$ itself amid/ ! ,ord]s ( ,*ivalry1 & 0 dissolv$ 9 #ahfi4 ,a /atue ( ! f\nd] /&s ov] a f\nta9 9 front ( ! /eps4 ,among ! build+s t face ! ,arno1 ! ,palazzo ,lanfr$ucci1 ) ! words alla ,giornata & a *a9 p5dant ov] ! doorway1 ! ,palazzo ,lanfran*i1 :]e ,byron liv$1 & ! f9e old =tress-t[]1 ! ,torre ,guelfa1 are ! mo/ notable 9 a city t at "o "t disput$ ) ! mighty ,g5oa ! rule ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! rivalry betwe5 ^! two m>itime p[]s end$ only :51 aft] ! disa/r\s battle ( ,meloria1 ! ,g5oese fill$ up ! h>b\r ( ,pisa1 & %e became no long] ( any acc\nt z a naval base4 ,,lucca ,lucca is "o ( ! mo/ delightful little cities 9 ! p59sula1 & its sev5ty-two *ur*es1 tak5 z a :ole1 ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ,italy4 ,9 matt]s ecclesia/ical x is "o ( ! olde/ f\ndations 9 ! c\ntry1 & is reput$ to h be5 ! fir/ place to h embrac$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! fir/ bi%op ( ,lucca1 a disciple ( ,s4 ,pet]1 0 ,s4 ,paul9us1 & ! long l9e ( prelates :o foll[$ him 7 elevat$ to ! high] dignity ( ,ar*bi%op 9 #agbf4 ,! canons ( ,lucca are mitr$1 & ! prelate has ! privilege ( we>+ ! insignia ( a c>d9al4 ,x 0 always a ,ghibell9e city2 ev5 9 ! days ( ! ,c\ntess ,matilda its inhabitants sid$ ) ! imp]ial p>ty4 ,:5 ! attempt ( ,francesco ,burlamma*i to conf$]ate ! ,tuscan cities fail$1 ! ,lu*esi =mulat$ ! ,m>t9iana ,law1 :i* p]mitt$ only a few ( ! lead+ families to p>ticipate 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,! result ( ?is 0 a peace t prevail$ = _m ye>s4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ important hi/orical ev5t t occurr$ )9 its walls took place 9 f> e>li] days ?an ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ triumvirate 0 =m$ :5 ,julius ,cs>1 ,pompey1 & ! weal?y ,crassus met & ent]$ into an agreem5t :]eby ! p[] 0 divid$ betwe5 ! ?ree4 ,m tangible relics ( ,roman occupation are to be f\nd :]e ! amphi!atre once /ood4 ,! oval =m ( ?is is well pres]v$ 9 ! extremely picturesque ,piazza ,m]cato--! ,m>ket ,place4 ,! wood5 /alls ( ! m>ket folk are practically little huts ) til$ ro(s1 t foll[ ! l9es ( ! amphi!atre seats 9 gracefully curv$ alleys4 ,9 ! ,p9acoteca may be se5 a pr9t dat$ #aghe1 9 :i* ! space is enclos$ by a high wall4 ,9 ! c5tre is a ta/efully laid out g>d5 adorn$ ) /atues & rose bu%es1 ar\nd :i* a horse race is 9 progress4 ,_m columns us$ 9 ! erection ( *ur*es1 & fragm5ts ( all sorts built into ! walls1 are evid5ces ( ,lucca's importance among ! colonies ( anci5t ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,por* ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,lucca ,! ca!dral 0 f\nd$ z e>ly z #egc by ,s4 ,fr$iano4 ,! fir/ build+ 0 close to ! pres5t ,duomo1 & 0 erect$ on ! site ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni--a v int]e/+ ,lomb>d edifice4 ,! squ>e bapti/]y atta*$ to ,s4 ,giovanni1 ) its orig9al wav$ black & :ite pavem5t & anci5t squ>e font1 is well wor?y ( /udy4 ,pope ,alex&] ,,ii41 :o suppli$ ,william ( ,norm&y ) a holy bann] to assi/ 9 ! invasion ( ,engl&1 consecrat$ ! ca!dral1 :i*1 al?\gh mu* alt]$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 /ill be>s ! impress ( ! ar*itectural vogue ( ! t5?4 ,! faade 0 add$ 9 #abjd by ,giudetto4 ,a portico ( ?ree unequal ar*es supports ?ree ti]s ( small ar*es4 ,^! =m gall]ies dim9i%+ 9 l5g? z !y rise "o above ! o!r to ! horizontal cornice at ! top4 ,a magnific5t squ>e campanile rises at ! s\? end ( ! portico4 ,huge iron brazi]s /ick out "u its battlem5ts at ! f\r corn]s4 ,x seems to cru% ! ar* t spr+s f "o side ( its base1 out ( all proportion ) ! o!r two4 ,?is is v app>5t f a di/ance1 & produces an uncom=table feel+4 ,b1 :5 "o makes ! intimate acqua9tance ( ! portico & beg9s to exam9e ! exquisitely design$ arabesques1 c41 t decorate its ar*es1 !re is no?+ b admiration = a m9d t c\ld play ) /one z ,giudetto has done 9 ?is case4 ,! pi]s :i* support ! ?ree r\nd ar*es h ea* f\r sl5d] columns4 ,^! are beautifully c>v$ ) all mann] ( intricate patt]ns4 ,on ! c5tral pi] ,eve is se5 tempt+ ,adam to eat ( ! ,=bidd5 ,fruit4 ,!y are at ! base ( a tree1 :i* gr[+ upw>ds spreads out bran*es :]eon re/ ! e>ly ,k+s ( ,israel & ! ,prophets4 ,! ext]ior memb]s ( ! ar*es are cov]$ ) f9ely cut foliage4 ,! capitals are =m$ by ! semi-,go?ic classical acan?us leaves ( ! p]iod4 ,above ! abaci ( ! capitals ?ree lions1 cr\*+ on consoles or brackets1 grip 9 _! ?9 claws a snake1 a dragon1 & a demon4 ,betwe5 two ( ! ar*es !re is a good /one gr\p ( ,s4 ,m>t9 divid+ 8 coat ) a begg> by ! use ( a bronze sword4 ,! int]ior wall ( ! portico has a flat arcade ( r$ m>ble columns & ar*es4 ,?ree doors give entrance into ! ca!dral4 ,_! tympanums are decorat$ by well-execut$ reliefs4 ,a d\ble frieze runs along ! wall4 ,on ! l[] portion figures1 engag$ 9 agricultural pursuits1 & ! ,signs ( ! ,zodiac are cut2 on ! upp]1 ! life ( ,s4 ,m>t9 depict$ 9 a s]ies ( panels4 ,"s excell5t examples ( graffiti "w decorate "p ( ! wall4 ,! gall]ies ( ! faade are l ^? t appe> 9 ! illu/ration ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mi*ele4 ,! *ief feature ( ! int]ior ( ! ,duomo is a f9e ,go?ic tri=ium4 ,z 9 ,pisa's ,ca!dral1 ?is goes r\nd ! :ole nave1 transepts1 :i* x also crosses1 & *oir1 /opp+ %ort only at ! apse4 ,x is =m$ ( d\ble divisions ( ?ree po9t$ & cusp$ ar*es1 :i* on ! we/ wall are increas$ to gr\ps ( f\r ea*4 ,! transepts are d\ble4 ,a massive pi] 9 ea* c>ries ! tri=ium across 9 a mo/ effective mann]4 ,! n9e bays on ei!r side ( ! nave h r\nd ar*es4 ,! f9e ro(1 :i* is vault$ & gro9$1 is un=tunately spoilt by a v biz>re s*eme ( col\r t is n r$eem$ by ! beautiful glass 9 ! w9d[s ( ! apse4 ,half up ! nor? aisle is an octagonal *apel built ( m>ble1 b almo/ entirely cov]$ ) gilt4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,tempieto1 & conta9s ! v5]at$ relic ( ! ,vlto ,santo1 or ,holy ,face4 ,x is suppos$ to be an image ( ,our ,"l1 execut$ by ,nicodemus1 b is evid5tly a "w ( ! elev5? c5tury c>v$ 9 two diff]5t species ( wood4 ,a mu* f9] "w ( art is ! beautiful tomb ( ,il>ia ,c>etti 9 ! nor? transept4 ,) h] little dog1 emblem ( fidelity1 at h] feet1 ! figure ( ?is graci\s lady lies ext5d$ on a noble s>cophagus4 ,little w+$ putti surr\nd its base1 & x ranks among ! be/ productions ( ! accompli%$ ,jacopo della ,qu]cia4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p]fect ,go?ic arcades 9 all ,italy is to be f\nd 9 ! *ur* ( ,/a ,m>ia della ,rosa4 ,x is situat$ close to ! ,ar*bi%op's palace at ! ea/ end ( ! ca!dral4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! po9t$ ar*es & ! top lights ( ! *ur* are fill$ ) exquisitely c>v$ *]ubs peep+ out f a mass ( foliage4 ,9 ! ,piazza dei ,s]vi /&s ano!r small *ur*1 t possesses a c>v$ wood5 ro( n 9 any way inf]ior to ! m>vell\s "o t adorns ! ,badia 9 ,flor5ce4 ,x 0 erect$ dur+ ! days :5 ,lucca 0 a republic1 & "o panel has ! coat ( arms ( ! city1 ) two great leop>ds z support]s & ,lib]tas = a leg5d4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,fr$iano is close to ! city walls4 ,its f9e t[] is se5 on ! "r 9 ! illu/ration4 ,fr$iano1 or ,fair ,hair1 0 a son ( a ,k+ ( ,ul/]4 ,tra9$ 9 ,gall[ay1 he travell$ to ,rome1 :]e he 0 well receiv$ by ,pelagius ,i41 & h\s$ 9 ! ,lat]an4 ,he became ,bi%op ( ,lucca 9 #efe1 & aft] ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ ca!dral by ! ,lomb>ds comm5c$ ! erection ( ! pres5t ar*i-episcopal edifice4 ,! *ur* is full ( int]e/1 & conta9s ! huge rectangul> block ( /one1 comput$ to weigh ?ree tons1 :i* ! sa9t lift$ into a c>t drawn by ox51 & :i* 0 to be us$ 9 ! build+ ( 8 ca!dral4 ,!re is a f9e circul> font 9 ! *ur*1 ) ! ,passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea c>v$ on its panels by ! unkn[n ,magi/] ,rob]tus4 ,close to ?is1 9 ! *apel d$icat$ to ! patroness ( dome/ic s]vants1 ,/a ,zita1 is a good example ( ,giovanni ,della ,robbia's "w4 ,mo/ ( ! *ur* is built f ! /ones ( ! ,roman ,amphi!atre4 ,! alt> is plac$ at ! we/ end4 ,! faade is a v dignifi$ composition1 9 :i* an ,ionic colonnade & a good mosaic ( our ,"l 9 glory play an important "p4 ,! gr& campanile1 h[ev]1 is its glory4 ,?is rises ) ti]s ( op5 ar*es2 b "h !y dep>t f ! usual plan & increase 9 pairs4 ,"o ti] ( a s+le pair is ! l[e/2 above are two ( ?ree ar*es1 & ! next two ( f\r ar*es4 ,two sides ( ?is spl5did t[] are ( great] wid? ?an ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lucca ,,f ,,! ,,city ,,walls ,9 ! sket* a di/ant t[] c be se5 on :i* is gr[+ a clump ( trees4 ,x is atta*$ to ! beautiful1 r$-brick ,palazzo ,borghi1 "o ( ! two f9e palaces 9 ,lucca built 9 ! ,v5etian ,go?ic /yle4 ,! /ory goes t ! t[] 0 built by ,paolo ,guigni1 & t on its top he plant$ trees1 "u :i* he gave a s]ies ( banquets to %[ 8 indiff]5ce = ! enemy :o 7 !n besieg+ ! city4 ,a v pleasant walk leads u along "u ! gr& limes & elm trees t compose ! %ady b\lev>ds on ,lucca's old walls4 ,_m a good /udy ( ro(s & di/ant m\nta9s1 9 :i* ! b>e crags & rugg$ peaks ( ! ,c>r>a range =m a f9e backgr\nd1 c be obta9$ f ^! walls2 & _m a beautiful peep ?r\gh ! foliage on to g>d5s bel[ w rew>d ! pa9t] :o /rays out ( ! accept$ r\te & makes a soj\rn 9 ! bright little city4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mi*ele has ! mo/ /rik+ faade ( any s-call$ ,pisan-,go?ic build+4 ,x is ano!r "w ( ,giudetto's1 b is ant]ior to t :i* he add$ to ! ca!dral4 ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ ! f9e colonnade at ! base ( ,s4 ,mi*ele's faade 0 amplifi$ 9 ! lat] "w ( ! ca!dral by ! portico :i* takes its place4 ,betwe5 ! columns ( ?is colonnade ! clos$ loz5ge-%ap$ lights1 a famili> feature 9 ! *ur*es ( ! ,pisan /yle1 give a c]ta9 am\nt ( solidity by _! deep %ad[s4 ,above is an op5 gall]y1 "u :i* is a m>vell\sly intricate frieze ( arabesques4 ,"s ( ! pill>s ( ?is gall]y are cov]$ ) inlaid m>ble1 o!rs are twi/$ or decorat$ ) *evrons4 ,on two ( !m repulsive-look+ dragons1 snakes1 & demons crawl d[nw>ds 9 high relief4 ,at ea* end is a clu/] ( f\r sl5d] columns b\nd by knots4 ,! capitals are boldly cut1 ) heavy squ>e abaci1 f :i* bosses & floral "w protrude4 ,! corbels ( ! r\nd-head$ ar*es are compos$ ( heads ( animals & demons1 & ! ar*es !mselves are beautifully inlaid ) geometrical designs4 ,! frieze above is divid$ into panels ( graffiti1 :]e9 lions1 goats & birds1 c41 are depict$ 9 all sorts ( attitudes4 ,! gall]y above ?is is v simil>1 b ) ev5 bett] pill>s support+ its ar*es4 ,x slopes upw>ds f ! gable ends4 ,!n comes ! /range & airy feature ( ?is rem>kable faade--a false gable ) two gall]ies end+ 9 a po9t$ apex4 ,/&+ on canopi$ turrets at ea* end ( ! gable are angels bl[+ bronze horns4 ,_! robes are embroid]$ ) inlaid m>ble & _! outspread w+s are ( bronze4 ,on ! acrot]ia1 or p$e/al1 at ! top1 is a colossal /atue ( ,s4 ,mi*ael ) ve/m5ts adorn$ by a gild$ patt]n4 ,8 w+s are =m$ ( sep>ate bronze plates to dim9i% w9d pressure1 & make a good note ( col\r aga9/ a blue sky4 ,at ! back ( ?is false gable a flight ( /eps asc5ds f ! ro( to ! /atue4 ,z w be se5 9 ! illu/ration1 ! colonnade is c>ri$ along ! o!r walls ( ! *ur* & campanile4 ,?is aga9 is a gr& t[] & l t ( ,s4 ,fr$iano has two sides great] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! int]ior ( ,s4 ,mi*ele is v simple1 v beautiful & dignifi$1 & q unspoilt by any :itewa% or col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,mi*ele1 ,,lucca ,!re are _m o!r *ur*es wor?y ( description if space all[$1 b pass+ m5tion mu/ be made ( ! e>lie/ kn[n "w ( ,niccol ,pisano4 ,?is is a relief ( ! ,deposition f ! ,cross 9 ! tympanum ( ! ar* ( a side door at ,s4 ,m>t9o4 ,!re is mu* else to see 9 ! compact & well-ord]$ little city t is situat$ s beautifully 9 a great b[l ) m\nta9s on e side4 ,mu*1 too1 to wond] at 9 ! leg5d ,s4,p4,q4,l4 t ! municipio /ill writes up on public notices z a rem9d] ( ! days :5 its inhabitants made ! laws t gov]n$ ! ,republic ( ,lucca4 ,,flor5ce ,al?\gh ,flor5ce has no d\bt an ,etruscan orig91 h] fir/ hi/orical record dates f ! "t ( ,tib]ius4 ,dur+ 8 reign ! inhabitants pres5t$ a petition to ! augu/ pres5ce pray+ him to prev5t ! div]sion ( ! ,riv] ,clanis into ! ,arno4 ,?r\gh _m subsequ5t vicissitudes %e rose f an obscure beg9n+ to be ! c5tre ( ! ,art ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ 9 ! days :5 ,flor5t9es 7 n a%am$ ( soil+ ! f+]s ) trade1 & 0 due to ! good ta/e & patronage ( h] weal?y m]*ant citiz5s1 :o took ! ke5e/ int]e/ 9 ! developm5t ( _! city z ! home ( all ?+s cultur$4 ,! ,flor5ce ( to-day is rapidly becom+ z cosmopolitan z ,london1 & z a consequ5ce has a gr[+ trade 9 ! manufacture ( antiques4 ,b s great is ! *>m ( ?is wond]ful city t e ye> sees an addition to ! long li/ ( ^?1 :o com+ f o!r l&s1 ei!r r5t a flat )9 ! walls or occupy a villa outside4 ,x is a *>m t nev] dies--inde$1 becomes int5sifi$4 ,bitt] w9ds may :i/le ?r\gh ! draughty /reets1 & te>+ d[n ! ,arno f ! m\nta9s h[l across its bridges2 ! end ( ! m]rie mon? may /ill see deep sn[ on ! hilltops1 yet no "o :o has once be5 9 ,flor5ce1 ev5 "u ^! undesirable conditions1 b wi%es to come aga94 ,& ?is *>m--:at is x8 ,is x t ! city /&s 9 ! mid/ ( a g>d51 a v]itable b$ ( roses8 ,does x lie 9 h] classic riv] along ! banks ( :i* ,dante (t5times w&]$8 ,is x because ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 ,leon>do1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 ! della ,robbias1 ,fra ,angelico1 & ,donatello1 all 7 at _! z5i? 9 ,flor5ce8 ,g to ! ,pitti & ,uffizi & m>vel at _! p[]s4 ,is x 9 h] glori\s build+s1 h] magnific5t palaces1 & ! traditions ( h] great families--! ,m$ici1 ,buondelmonti1 ,ub]ti8 ,9 all ( ^! surely lies a *>m t no?+ c dissipate6 ,yes1 9 all ^!2 b /ill !re is a some?+ beyond !m1 a subtle1 indef9able spell t enwraps ! s5ses & captures "o body & s\l 9 ?is ,que5 ( cities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,or ,s4 ,,mi*ele ,,& ,,! ,,palazzo ,,dell' ,,arte ,,di ,,lana1 ,,flor5ce ,( all ! great ,flor5t9e trade-guilds1 ! ,wool-weav]s 7 ! ri*e/1 & ! illu/ration %[s a re/or$ corn] ( _! ,hall ) ! r$ecorat$ alt> beh9d ! iron grille4 ,on ! opposite side is ! ,go?ic *ur* ( ,or ,s4 ,mi*ele4 ,orig9ally ! site 0 occupi$ by a corn m>ket1 9 ! loggia ( :i* /ood ! figure ( a mu*-wor%ipp$ ,madonna4 ,walls 7 built r\nd ! loggia & ! m>ket remov$ to ! /orey above4 ,! ni*es on ! ext]ior ( ! *ur* conta9 /atues ( ! patron sa9ts ( ! num]\s trade-guilds4 ,among !m 0 a f9e ,s4 ,george1 ! patron sa9t ( ! ,arm\r]s ,guild1 by ,donatello4 ,?is is n[ 9 ! ,b>gello1 hav+ be5 replac$ by a ca/4 ,! figures ( ,,ss4 ,m>k & ,pet] 7 gifts f ! l95 m]*ants & ! but*]s1 & are by ! same ma/]-h&4 ,! be/ /a9$ glass 9 ,flor5ce decorates ! f9e ,go?ic w9d[s ( ! *ur*4 ,_! v elaborate trac]y is clev]ly design$ to get ! greate/ effect f ! top light--s necess>y 9 ! n>r[ & d>k /reet4 ,! ,mis]icordia ,bre?r5 may be se5 9 ! sket* c>ry+ out "o ( ! self-impos$ tasks = :i* !y receive no paym5t :atev]4 ,! ,compagnia della ,mis]icordia 0 f\nd$ by ,pi] di ,luca ,borsi 9 ! ye> #abdj4 ,m5 ( all grades ( society belong to ! ,ord]1 & once a ye> att5d a s]vice 9 ! ca!dral1 :5 !y take a pl$ge to ab/a9 f pr(ane language4 ,!y nurse ! sick1 c>ry pati5ts to ! hospitals1 & ! dead to _! la/ home4 ,e "o :o kn[s ,flor5ce is famili> ) ! hurry+ foot/eps ( ! black-rob$ figures z !y proce$ on _! err&s ( m]cy4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ?is noble self-sacrific+ ,ord] are on ! left 9 ! illu/ration ( ! ,campanile4 ,^? :o recollect ,flor5ce 9 ! eighties w rememb] t ! picturesque old qu>t]1 ! ,m]cato ,vec*io1 occupi$ ! site ( ! f9e ,piazza ,vittorio ,emmanuele4 ,?is pe/il5tial plague spot1 into :i* x 0 h>dly safe to v5ture1 0 done away ) 9 ! ye>s #ahij-ie4 ,:5 ! "w ( demolition 0 begun x 0 f\nd to be s f\l & insanit>y t no h\se-break]s 7 all[$ to t\* a s+le /one until ?ree mon?s ( /r+5t dis9fection _h elaps$4 ,?is is "o ( ! v few cle>ances t h tak5 place 9 ! he>t ( ! city s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! ?\ght ( x c>ries "o back to ! days :5 t great re=m]1 ,fra ,girolamo ,savon>ola1 set ,flor5ce on fire ) 8 fi]ce disputations4 ,a great bronze disc ) a m$allion portrait ( ! ascetic monk m>ks ! spot 9 ! ,piazza della ,signoria :]e he end$ 8 days at ! /ake ) two brave companions4 ,9 8 little cell 9 ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,m>co !re are two pictures :i* pres5t u ) ! details ( ! trag$y4 ,save = ! flight ( /eps t has tak5 ! place ( ! plat=m :]e 8 judges are se5 sitt+1 ! ,palazzo ,vec*io1 :]e9 he 0 condemn$1 is ! same to-day z x 0 !n4 ,x is ! gr&e/ secul> build+ 9 ,flor5ce1 & ?is is say+ a great deal4 ,built ( huge blocks ( r\gh /one1 x 0 comm5c$ 9 #abii by ,arnolfo di ,cambio1 & is a te/imony to ! spl5did con/ruction ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! top /orey projects on brackets f ! walls1 :i* /& f\r-squ>e4 ,"u ^! brackets are ! ,ghibell9e & ,guelph arms2 ! =m] is a :ite lily on a r$ gr\nd1 ! latt] a r$ lily on a :ite gr\nd1 qu>t]$ ) ! cresc5t ( ,fiesole4 ,! pres5t arms ( ,flor5ce1 s famili> all ov] ! city1 are a r$ fleur-de-lys ) two sprays on a :ite gr\nd4 ,! battlem5ts t surm\nt ?is /orey are squ>e-%ap$ ,guelph1 :ile ^? ( ! great t[] :i* dom9ates ?is "p ( ! city are ! swall[-tail$ ,ghibell9e4 ,?is f9e l&m>k is ?ree hundr$ & sev5 feet high1 & has a project+ gall]y und]nea? ! loggia ) :i* x t]m9ates4 ,! palace 0 built to accommodate ! eight ,priori1 :o1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,gonfaloni]e1 rul$ ,flor5ce4 ,x rema9$ ! seat ( gov]nm5t = ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s until ,cosimo de ,m$ici1 hav+ usurp$ ! p[]1 remov$ 8 c\rt to ! ,pitti ,palace4 ,f ,mi*elozzo's beautiful cortile1 :i* "o ent]s fir/1 a noble /aircase asc5ds to ! ,salone dei ,c9quec5to4 ,x 0 9 ?is magnific5t hall1 :]e a /atue ( ,savon>ola is n[ plac$1 t he 0 tri$ & condemn$4 ,!re are o!r f9e rooms 9 ! ,palazzo ,vec*io1 b no?+ approa*es ! beauty ( ! little cortile bel[4 ,n9e columns ( gr& proportions be>+ r\nd ar*es support ! arcade t =ms "p ( ! c\rty>d4 ,ea* column has a diff]5t design above ! flut+ :i* runs half-way up !m all4 ,! delicate l[ relief ( ^! exquisitely modell$ devices1 "s ( :i* are grape clu/]s1 o!rs *ildr5 ) g>l&s1 heads1 & classic ornam5tation1 is s slight1 t ! effect on e column obta9$ by ! light :i* p\rs d[n f high above makes ea* "o seem a simple mass ( half-tone ?r[n /rongly out aga9/ ! deep %ade ( ! arcade beyond4 ,x is an ar*itectural ma/]piece ( :at ! pa9t] calls values4 ,a delightful f\nta9 9 ! c5tre ( ! cortile1 by ,v]ro*io1 adds to ! s5se ( repose t "o exp]i5ces :5 ! gl>e & noise ( ! piazza are left beh9d4 ,! s\? side ( ! ,piazza dei ,signoria is tak5 up by ! ,loggia dei ,lanzi--a good specim5 ( ! dome/ic ,go?ic /yle ( ,italy4 ,?ree ar*es =m ! base t supports ! l[] /orey4 ,a ri* balu/rade & project+ cornice adorn ! top4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i's ,p]seus1 & ,judi? & ,hol(]nes by ,donatello1 are among ! /atu>y plac$ 9 ! loggia4 ,! build+ 0 erect$ = ! use ( ! ,priori1 & f x !y witness$ all great spectacles t took place 9 ! squ>e4 ,x d]ives its "n f ! gu>d ( =eign soldi]s t ,cosimo ,i4 e/abli%$ 9 qu>t]s h>d by4 ,to ! ea/ & runn+ s\? is ! great ,ufizzi ,palace1 :i* conta9s "s ( ! f9e/ art treasures t ,flor5ce possesses4 ,dante's h\se /&s 9 ! ,via ,dante1 to rea* :i* "o leaves ! piazza at ! nor?-ea/ corn]1 pass+ ! back ( ! ,badia on ! way ?i!r4 ,! ,badia 0 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,b5$ict9es1 & is built 9 ! %ape ( a ,greek cross4 ,x is notable = ! gr&e/ c(f]$ wood5 ro( 9 ,italy4 ,j above ! frieze :i* runs r\nd ! top ( ! walls1 a f9e s]ies ( well-c>v$ brackets c>ries ! fir/ portion ( ! ro(--a flat space beautifully ornate ) good arabesques4 ,deep-set bosses 9 recesses circulate r\nd ! c>v+ beyond ?is1 until !y c5tre 9 a recess s deeply set t x almo/ becomes a m9iature dome4 ,heavy brackets support & c>ry ! outw>d ?ru/4 ,! m9iature dome takes ! =m ( a ,greek cross1 & f x ! :ole design spr+s 9 a v symmetrical mann]4 ,su* a massive wood5 ceil+ speaks volumes = ! con/ructive art ( ! day4 ,opposite ! ,badia /&s ! ,b>gello1 or ,palazzo del ,pode/4 ,9 its c\rty>d is ! well-kn[n outside /aircase t1 sket*$ to dea?1 is to be se5 repres5t$ 9 almo/ e %op 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! palace is ! national museum1 & among its gr& collections ! "w ( ! della ,robbia family c be/ be /udi$4 ,flor5ce is su* a treasure-h\se 9 e way t "o might w&] on f *ur* to palace1 & museum to gall]y = a ye>1 & !n be b>ely acqua9t$ ) :at lies beh9d its walls4 ,flor5ce1 too1 0 ! home ( ! ,r5aissance1 & al?\gh ,giotto prec$$ ! great ma/] ( e>ly ,r5aissance1 ,brunelles*i1 8 fam\s ,campanile is m classic 9 /yle ?an ,go?ic4 ,! accompany+ sket* 0 made t[>ds twilight :5 a day's heavy ra9 _h cle>$ (f4 ,! g5]al impression "o c>ries away ( ! beautiful bell t[] is t ( a :ite mass ris+ maje/ically above ! conge/$ traffic ( ! noisy /reet bel[4 ,! ye> #accd saw ! comm5cem5t ( ,giotto's design4 ,8 dea?1 h[ev]1 took place :5 ! "w _h b rea*$ ! fir/ /orey ( ! five4 ,taddeo ,gaddi & ,francesco ,tal5ti c>ri$ x on1 & to ! latt] are due ! w9d[s ( ! upp] /oreys4 ,small loz5ges 9 ! l[e/ depict ! ,developm5t ( ,civilis$ ,man f ! ,creation4 ,above ^! is a s]ies ( sculptures1 & 9 ni*es yet high] up are ! ,prophets1 ,evangeli/s1 ,patri>*s & ,sibyls4 ,giotto int5d$ to add a spire to ! heavy balcony :i* projects f ! top ( ! la/ /orey4 ,! :ole /ructure is cas$ 9 :ite1 p9k & gre5 m>ble1 & ?us h>monises ) ! ext]ior ( ! ,duomo :i* x adjo9s4 ,_h ! spire be5 add$1 ! campanile w\ld n h ! r top-heavy appe>ance x has :5 se5 f "s di/ance away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,campanile1 ,,flor5ce ,! ca!dral is a build+ t /&s on ! site ( a v e>ly *ur* d$icat$ to ,s4 ,salvadore4 ,appropriately nam$ ,/a ,m>ia del ,fiore1 ! con/ruction 0 comm5c$ 9 #abih f ! designs ( ,arnolfo di ,cambio4 ,_m h&s work$ = ne>ly two c5turies at ,arnolfo's designs1 & cont9ually alt]$ !m4 ,on ! :ole1 :atev] its m]its1 ! build+ _c be said to be an ar*itectural success4 ,! faade1 complet$ z rec5tly z #ahhg by ,emilio di ,fabris1 is p]haps ! mo/ =tunate feature4 ,! ,go?ic w9d[s on ! nor? side are c]ta9ly v beautiful4 ,! mass ( ! huge dome se5 f ! corn] ( ! ,via del ,orviolo piles extremely well above ! domes ( ! apse & s\? transept4 ,b mo/ ( ! good po9ts ( ! ext]ior are lo/ 9 ! noisy patt]n ( ! diff]5t col\r$ m>ble panels1 :i*1 l ^? 9 ,giotto's campanile1 encase ! :ole build+4 ,! int]ior is va/ & empty1 & ! dull grey col\r t cov]s ! walls is almo/ worse ?an :itewa%4 ,f\r imm5se bays con/itute ei!r side ( ! nave4 ,! heavy pi]s t support ! ar*es w\ld be bett] )\t ! ugly caps above ! capitals4 ,!re is a gall]y above ) po9t$ ar*es1 & f\r circul> w9d[s on ea* side =m ! cl]e/ory4 ,! be/ portions ( ! int]ior are ! two aisles4 ,! glass 9 ! w9d[s ( ^!1 al?\gh almo/ obscur$ by du/ & cobwebs1 is v lovely4 ,! int]ior ( ! great dome 0 pa9t$ by ,vas>i & ,zucc>o1 b reveals no beauties ( design4 ,! ,high ,alt> is situat$ b5ea? ?is1 & ! *oir /alls :i* are ar\nd are enclos$ by a high m>ble scre54 ,"u ! alt>1 9 a f9e bronze casket1 lie ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,z5obius1 :o 0 bi%op ( ,flor5ce at ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! apse ( ! ca!dral consi/s ( five *apels2 ! middle "o is d$icat$ to ! sa9t4 ,beh9d ! ,high ,alt> is a f9e1 ?\gh unf9i%$ ,piet1 ! la/ "w comm5c$ by ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,he int5d$ x = 8 own tomb1 b di$ be=e x 0 complet$4 ,!re are _m ?+s ( value 9 bo? ! ,sagre/ia della ,mese1 ! beautiful bronze doors ( :i* are by ,mi*elozzo1 & ! ,sagre/ia ,vec*ia1 ov] ! door ( :i* is "o ( ,lucca della ,robbia's v be/ works4 ,x is true t ) (t-repeat$ visits ! va/ build+ gr[s on "o1 b1 h[ev] mu* its size may impress1 x _c be call$ a l&m>k 9 ,italian ar*itecture4 ,close by ^! two /ructures & due we/ ( ! ca!dral faade1 9 ! middle ( ! ,piazza del ,duomo1 /&s ! ,bapti/]y4 ,its eight walls 7 cov]$ ) m>ble by ,arnolfo di ,cambio "s "t aft] ! we/ door _h be5 remov$ & ! rectangul> space = ! alt> con/ruct$ inside4 ,! ?ree doors t rema9 are1 ) ! l9tels1 sup]b examples 9 bronze ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod4 ,! tw5ty panels :i* depict ! life ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ on ! s\? door are ! "w ( ,&rea ,pisano4 ,at ! base ( "o l9tel two nude male figures c>ry *ildr5 at a v9tage fe/ival2 at ! base ( ! o!r are two female figures1 amid/ a clu/] ( corn /alks4 ,&rea ,pisano has almo/ excell$ himself 9 ! exquisite foliage :i* gr[s up bo? po/s4 ,above ! door is a bronze gr\p 9 :i* ,s4 ,john kneels to receive ! /roke f ! execution]'s sword1 :ile an angel holds up a h& %ield+ ! sight f h] eyes4 ,! ,ea/ door by ,ghib]ti conta9s prophets & sibyls 9 ni*es betwe5 ! t5 panels t illu/rate episodes ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ?ird door is by ! same h&4 ,its tw5ty panels ( ,gospel hi/ory are surr\nd$ by exquisite foliage1 amid/ :i* snails & beetles crawl & bees suck honey1 :ile "h & !re ! fasc9at+ head ( an impud5t little frog peeps out4 ,! int]ior does n comp>e ) ,pisa's ,bapti/]y4 ,granite columns ) gilt ,cor9?ian capitals support a tri=ium gall]y compos$ ( r\nd ar*es ) ,ionic pill>s4 ,! squ>e lights ( ! cl]e/ory1 :i* alt]nate ) mosaic panels1 are beh9d ano!r gall]y t leans inw>ds4 ,f ?is spr+s ! mosaic-cov]$ dome4 ,up to ! ye> #aega a l>ge font /ood 9 ! c5tre1 directly "u ! op5+ 9 ! middle ( ! dome1 :i* until !n _h no cupola4 ,x 0 mov$ 9 t ye> by ,francesco ,i4 = ! baptism ( 8 son6 ,an act ( sacrilege :i* speaks volumes = ! absolute p[] ( ! autocratic gr& dukes ( ^? days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ponte ,,vec*io1 ,,flor5ce ,x is v int]e/+ to exam9e ! almo/ int]m9able s]ies ( portraits t hang on ! walls ( ! long passage connect+ ! ,ufizzi & ,pitti ,palaces4 ,?is passage crosses ! riv]1 & may be se5 9 ! illu/ration ( ! ,ponte ,vec*io1 ) its squ>e b>r$ w9d[s look+ up ! riv]4 ,x is above ! jewell]s' %ops--a fav\rite haunt ( ! t\ri/--t hang s airily l spid]s ov] ! wat] & cr[d ! old bridge4 ,among/ ?is extraord9>y collection ( portraits ( ! ,m$ici & _! collat]als1 may be se5 "o ( our own ,*>les ,,ii41 ,eleanor ( ,tol$o1 wife ( ,cosimo ,i41 & ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 ^: sly eyes1 cunn+ & cruel m\? 9 no way belie h] "*4 ,all ! reign+ gr& dukes are "h1 & n "o ( !m c be said1 if ^! are fai?ful portraits1 to h a really op5 hone/ c\nt5ance4 ,to judge by _! physiognomies1 !y rul$ by brute =ce & craft4 ,h[ev]1 !re are bronze figures ( two ( ! race :o 9 metal appe> m l noblem5 ?an ^! trave/ies 9 pa9t4 ,inde$ :5 "o sees ! gild$ figures ( ,f]d9& ,i4 & ,cosimo ,,ii4 /&+ ov] _! tombs 9 ! ,capella ,m$icea1 we feel !y 7 m5 ( ! great race t made ,flor5ce fam\s ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,! ,capella ,m$icea /&s at ! back ( ! f9e *ur* ( ,s4 ,lor5zo4 ,x is a gloomy octagonal build+ ) a dome1 & l9$ ?r\gh\t 9 a dull & heavy s*eme1 ) mo/ co/ly m>ble4 ,! int]ior ( ! dome is pa9t$ & gild$4 ,six memb]s ( ! great family lie "h 9 _! s>cophagi4 ,! rema9s ( two m re/ 9 ! ,sacri/y4 ,b x is n 9 connection ) any rev]5ce = ! scions ( ! ,m$icean ,h\se t our foot/eps are drawn hi!r4 ,no1 ! little sacri/y is cr[d$ all day ) ^? :o come to see ! "w ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,b5ea? ! /atue on ! tomb ( ,giuliano de ,m$ici are ! colossal figures ( ,day & ,night4 ,^! two wond]ful creations are surpass$ by ,dawn & ,twilight on ! tomb ( ,lor5zo1 a gr&son ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 & fa!r ( ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici4 ,8 well-kn[n seat$ figure is on ! tomb4 ,m simple ?an ^! is ! beautiful1 b unf9i%$1 gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,! little alt>1 too1 is a ma/]piece ( simplicity by ! same great h&4 ,to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,lor5zo is atta*$ ! celebrat$ ,laur5tian ,libr>y1 :i* conta9s ! mo/ valuable collection ( ,,mss4 9 ,italy1 ! ,vatican alone except$4 ,among ^! is ! sev5?-c5tury ,,ms4 ( ! ,vulgate ,bible1 writt5 by ,ceolfrid ,abbot ( ,j>r[4 ,at ! corn] ( ! ,piazza de ,s4 ,lor5zo is a f\nta9 surm\nt$ by a /atue ( ,giovanni delle ,b&e ,n]e1 lead] ( ! ,black ,h&1 ^: son became ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosimo ,i4 ,opposite ?is f\nta9 is ! magnific5t palace ( ! ,m$ici1 ! ,palazzo ,ricc>di4 ,f its beautiful cortile1 ) reliefs by ,donatello1 a f9e /aircase leads up to ! big hall t has a ceil+ pa9t$ by ,luca ,giordano4 ,! palace 0 built by ,mi*elozzo = ,cosimo1 :o lavi%$ 8 weal? to su* an ext5t t ! title he acquir$ ( ,pat] ,patri 0 p]haps no misnom]4 ,by ! same pr(use exp5diture 8 gr&son ,lor5zo became kn[n z ,lor5zo il ,magnifico4 ,! family ( ,m$ici appe>s 9 ! *ronicles ( ,flor5ce t[>ds ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury2 b ! fir/ memb] to lay claim to any di/9ction 0 ,salve/ro1 :o took a prom95t "p 9 ! revolt ( ! ,ciompi 9 #acgh4 ,! lead] ( ?is insurrection 0 ,mi*ele di ,l&i1 a ciompo or wool-c>d]4 ,giovanni1 ! bank]1 amass$ ! great weal? :i* enabl$ 8 son ,cosimo to c>ry out 8 ambitions4 ,ap>t f ! ,capella ,m$icea ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,croce may be look$ ^u z ! ,we/m9/] ,abbey ( ,flor5ce4 ,9 x is ! tomb ( ! great ma/] :o creat$ ,dawn & ,twilight4 ,! monum5t to ,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>otti is ! "w ( ,vas>i4 ,alas6 "o _c b lam5t t ! irony ( ,fate has orda9$ ! re/+-place ( g5ius %\ld /& aga9/ a wall on :i* are pa9t$ r$ curta9s6 ,n only r$ curta9s1 b a hide\s r$ canopy ) gold tassels drawn aside by vulg> little abom9ations 9 ! %ape ( fat *]ubs4 ,= once1 "o longs = ! :itewa% bru%4 ,! c5otaph ( ,dante is plac$ close to ! beautiful ,r5aissance tomb ( ,leon>do ,bruni4 ,! recumb5t figure ( ! diplomati/ lies /ret*$ out on a slab borne by eagles1 & repres5ts real repose 9 a m>vell\s mann]4 ,! r$ brick floor ( ! *ur* is almo/ cov]$ ) tomb slabs1 "s /ill 9 good relief1 o!rs worn flat4 ,among !m is t ( ,john ,kett]ick1 ,bi%op ( ,exet]1 :o di$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 #adai :5 on an embassy = 8 sov]eign4 ,! airy int]ior ( ,s4 ,croce is v f9e4 ,sl5d] octagonal columns ( a russet hue be> po9t$ ar*es ) ,italian-,go?ic capitals4 ,! aisles h wood5 ro(s4 ,! glass 9 ! w9d[s is good2 & ! *apels at ! ea/ end & 9 ! transepts are cov]$ ) mo/ int]e/+ frescoes by ,giotto1 ,taddeo & ,agnolo ,gaddi & o!rs4 ,s4 ,croce is /ill s]v$ by ! ,black ,conv5tuals1 a sub-ord] ( ,s4 ,francis4 ,! cloi/]s atta*$ to ! mona/]y 7 design$ by ,arnolfo di ,cambio1 & ?r\gh !m "o rea*es ! ,capella ,pazzi1 "o ( ,brunelles*i's be/ build+s4 ,! f9e portico ) its colonnade ( ,ionic columns has a frieze ( *]ubs attribut$ to ,donatello4 ,! entrance to ! cloi/]s is f ! ,piazza ,s4 ,croce1 ! build+s on ! s\? side ( :i* are typical ( old ,flor5ce4 ,! upp] /oreys ( ^! grey-br[n walls ov]hang & are support$ by huge wood5 cantilev]s4 ,"o h\se1 ! ,palazzo di ,niccolo dell' ,antela1 is cov]$ ) allegorical pa9t+s by ,giovanni da ,s4 ,giovanni1 & on x is a :ite m>ble disc t m>k$ ! goal 9 ! game ( calcio4 ,! ,piazza1 :i* is "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ! city1 0 9 bygone days ! public games-gr\nd4 ,ano!r f9e *ur* ( "o ( ! great prea*+ ,ord]s is ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 :i* /&s 9 ! piazza ( ! same "n1 n f> f ! railway /ation4 ,! faade is a v clev] adaptation by ! g5ius :o plann$ ! trans=mation ( ,il ,tempio 9 ,rim9i1 ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella he fitt$ ,r5aissance ideas to ! e>li] ,go?ic con/ruction ( ! arcades & l[] portions ( ! build+s4 ,l all ,dom9ican *ur*es ! nave is disproportionately l>ge1 built always ?us to accommodate ! great congregations :o flock$ to he> ! s]mon2 & s t all c\ld he>1 ! pulpit 0 plac$ ne>] ! we/ ?an ! ea/ end4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,vas>i alt]$ ! int]ior & took away ! m>ble scre5 t divid$ ! conv5tual f ! public "p ( ! *ur*4 ,x /ood :]e a c\ple ( /eps run "r across ! *ur* at ! f\r? bay ( ! nave4 ,?is is l(ty1 ) a gro9$ vault & po9t$ ar*es4 ,! transepts h lat]al *apels & ! *oir is v %all[4 ,"o ( ^! *apels is t ( ! ,rucellai family1 ^: coat ( arms ) an inflat$ sail has be5 us$ ) z good an effect by ,alb]ti 9 ! decoration ( ! faade z ! ,malate/a coat at ,rim9i1 :]e x w be rememb]$ ! little elephants play s important a "p 9 8 s*eme4 ,9 ?is *apel is ! fam\s panel1 ! s-call$ ,cimabue's ,madonna1 :i* "s critics attribute to ,duccio da ,si5a4 ,speak+ p]sonally1 h[ev]1 ,i fail$ to discov] ! gre5i% und]tones t are a feature 9 ,duccio's "w4 ,! /ory tells u t :5 ! picture left ,cimabue's /udio x 0 hail$ by ! p 9 ! /reets ) great admiration & holy f]v\r4 ,atta*$ to ! we/ wall ( ! *ur* are ! cloi/]s4 ,! ,*io/ro ,v]de1 s call$ f ! gre5i% col\r ( its frescoes1 conta9s ! ,spani% *apel4 ,"o c "h sp5d a v in/ructive morn+ exam9+ ! f9e mural decorations t cov] ! walls4 ,! ,*io/ro ,gr&e is n[ a milit>y gymnasium2 b ! upp] "p is devot$ to ! ,in/itution = ,deaf ,mutes & ! ,society = ,repress+ ,begg>s4 ,_m useful articles c "h be pur*as$ t are made by ! v poor4 ,t\ri/s1 make a note6 ,!re is ano!r useful in/itution1 & "o p]haps t is mu* bett] kn[n4 ,! ,sp$ale degli ,innoc5ti1 or ,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 :i* admits infants )\t any inquiry1 & :5 ! *ildr5 are old en\gh bo>ds !m out 9 peasant families1 :]e !y are tra9$ to e>n a livelihood4 ,! hospital is ! "w ( ,brunelles*i4 ,9 ! sp&rils ( ! loggia are ! m$allions ( infants 9 blue & :ite by ,&rea della ,robbia1 reproductions ( :i* hang on _m a wall ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,n f> (f is ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,m>co1 ! cloi/]$ c\rts ( :i* once ran r$ ) ! blood ( ! monks4 ,fra ,angelico's int5sely religi\s frescoes 9 ! mona/ic cells surely help$ to inspire ! bre?r5 to def5d _! home by =ce ( arms aga9/ ^? :o 7 det]m9$ to eradicate e ve/ige ( _! belov$ ,savon>ola4 ,a few relics ( ?is great democrat are /ill to be se5 9 8 cell4 ,! writ+-desk he us$1 a book ( comm5t>ies 9 8 own m9ute h&1 8 crucifix & o!r p]sonal objects1 rema9 z sil5t witnesses ( ! fi]ce /ruggles 9 a m9d br\ght to ! l[e/ dep?s ( despair & well-nigh pro/rate :5 ! la/ act 0 accompli%$ 9 ! ,piazza della ,signoria4 ,( ! _m great ,flor5t9e palaces ! two t hold ! incomp>able collections ( pictures are ! be/ kn[n4 ,! ,uffizi /&s on "o side ( ! riv]1 ! ,pitti on ! o!r4 ,emulat+ ! lavi% exp5diture ( _! rivals1 ! ,m$ici1 ! ,pitti family employ$ ,brunelles*i & ,fancelli to erect a build+ :i* %\ld out%9e all ! ,m$icean palaces 9 ,flor5ce4 ,s mu* 0 sp5t on x t ev5tually ! family 7 ru9$1 & ,fate1 t s (t5 plays ) ! ov]-ambiti\s1 orda9$ t _! rivals %\ld /ep 9 & pur*ase ! huge build+4 ,! ,gr&-dukes ( ! ,m$ici took up _! resid5ce 9 ! build+1 "p ( :i* is n[ ! ,royal ,palace4 ,f ! beautiful ,boboli ,g>d5s at ! back1 a v good view is obta9$ ( ! ca!dral & ,giotto's ,campanile1 ) ,fiesole & ! m\nta9s 9 ! nor? ris+ beyond4 ,b if we wi% = a compreh5sive impression ( ,flor5ce z %e lies 9 ! valley ( ! ,arno1 we mu/ asc5d ! hill on ! top ( :i* ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m9iato al ,monte /&s4 ,b5ea? ! cypress trees at our feet ! classic /ream1 cross$ by its fam\s bridges1 w9ds away 9 ! direction ( ! ,monti ,pisani4 ,! great dome ( ! ,ca!dral seems almo/ out ( proportion ) ! less] l&m>ks ar\nd x4 ,m ?an ev] does "o wi% to see ! spire t ,giotto design$ to f9i% 8 gr& bell-t[]4 ,& z ! eye w&]s ov] ro(s & embattl$ walls1 ! m9d goes back to ,m$icean days1 ignor+ = once ! utilit>ian v&alism t has c>ri$ ! noisy tramc> ?r\gh ! intricacies ( ! maze bel[ u 9 desecration ( ! memorials ( a great age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,duomo1 ,,flor5ce1 ,,f ,,! ,,boboli ,,g>d5s ,,p]ugia ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,p]ugia _m rema9s ( ,etruscan civilisation h come to light1 & "p ( ! old ,etruscan city walls /ill /&4 ,on top ( ! huge blocks ( /one ( :i* !y are compos$ "o may also see ! def5sive sup]/ructure add$ by ! ,romans1 & above ?is ! r$ brick ( a lat] date4 ,w&]+ 9 ! old] p>ts ( ! city1 :]e ! h\ses are t]rac$ on ! /eep hill-slopes & ! n>r[ /reets1 (t5 burr[+ "u !m1 w9d s9u\sly 9 & out1 "o is c>ri$ "r back )\t an ef=t into m$ival times4 ,nei!r does x require any ef=t to picture ! sangu9>y faction fights betwe5 ! great ,p]ugian families1 ! ,oddi & ,baglioni4 ,niccol ,pisano's la/ "w1 ! figures on ! f\nta9 by ! /eps ( ! ,ca!dral1 & ! unf9i%$ wall ( ! build+ itself1 are to-day j z !y 7 9 ! fifte5? c5tury :5 ^! same /eps ran r$ ) blood 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! diabolical plot :i* wip$ out a :ole family1 save "o4 ,s tir$ ( ^! conflicts 7 ! m law-abid+ ,p]ugians aft] ?is de$1 or s surfeit$ ) blood1 t ! might ( ! ,*ur* ,militant 0 call$ 9 to put an end to all di/ract+ feuds4 ,! adv5t ( ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 0 look$ ^u at ! "t z a real deliv]ance2 b ! crafty ,pontiff1 kn[+ ! hornet's ne/ he came into1 0 sagaci\s en\gh to build = himself a =tress-palace 9 an impregnable position4 ,?is1 ! ,rocca ,paol9a1 /ood p>tly on ! gr\nd at ! end ( ! ,corso ,vannucci :]e a big hotel is n[1 & on ! g>d5 space 9 front ( x4 ,! visitor to ,p]ugia c nev] =get ! incomp>able view f ! wall ( ?is g>d52 nor wond]1 :5 he looks ov] ! v]itable precipice b5ea? x1 t ! ,baglioni1 ^: palace 0 demoli%$ to make way = ,paul's =tress1 c\ld hold 9 t]ror ! re/ ( ,p]ugia f ! security af=d$ by _! own walls4 ,p]ugia is l an octopus1 ) a c5tral hill on :i* ! ,ca!dral is situat$1 & f :i* long feel]s /ret* out 9 all directions4 ,a /atue 9 a public g>d5 at ! end ( "o ( ^! feel]s1 or1 m correctly speak+1 promontories1 commemorates ! expulsion ( ! ,swiss ,papal ,gu>d by ,g5]al ,fanti 9 #ahfj4 ,! city !n jo9$ ! newly =m$ k+dom ( ,italy & made an end ( ! ,*ur*'s supremacy by demoli%+ ! ,rocca ,paol9a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,& ,,old ,,t[n1 ,,p]ugia ,x is r extraord9>y t :5 ! /rife betwe5 ! nobles ( ,p]ugia 0 at its height art 0 9 ! mo/ fl\ri%+ condition4 ,fa%ion1 or p]haps ! hall-m>k ( ! g5tleman ( ^? days1 dictat$ t he %\ld patronise art4 ,we see ?is 9 ! records ( all ! great families ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies2 & h[ev] blood?ir/y & rev5geful !y 7 among/ !mselves1 !y _h ?is "o great m]it4 ,& s we f9d t :ile ! ,oddi 7 slay+ ! ,baglioni1 ,p]ug9o1 ,p9turic*io1 ,raphael1 & ,signorelli 7 all at "w 9 ,umbria1 :]e "o half ( ! p seem to h giv5 up _! lives to blood%$ & ! o!r half to ! contemplation ( sweet-fac$ ,madonnas & pa9t+s ( religi\s f]v\r4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is anci5t city /&s its ,ca!dral1 b1 alas6 ) no r$eem+ ar*itectural feature1 ei!r outside or )94 ,! ext]ior rem9ds "o ( ! tale ( ! man :o1 hav+ made a little money1 built a h\se l a cube ) w9d[s1 tell+ 8 fri5ds t :5 he c\ld af=d x he w\ld h ! ar*itecture put on4 ,all t c be said ab\t its out] walls is t if ! design ( p9k m>ble quatrefoil slabs _h be5 c>ri$ out & f9i%$1 x w\ld h look$ ev5 worse ?an x does n[4 ,! bronze /atue ( ,pope ,julius ,,iii4 on ! s\? faade 0 erect$ by ! subscriptions ( ! p to %[ _! appreciation = ! re/itution ( ^? privileges ( :i* !y _h be5 depriv$ by ! build] ( ! ,rocca ,paol9a4 ,x is plac$ on "o side ( a door1 & on ! o!r side ! pulpit1 put up = ! use ( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o ( ,si5a1 :o came to ,p]ugia to prea* peace & allay ! feuds ( ! nobles1 is a sort ( p5dant4 ,t5 octagonal columns1 pa9t$ to repres5t m>ble1 /& 9 ! nave & support ! ,go?ic gro9$ vault+ :i* spr+s f gild$ ,cor9?ian capitals4 ,! fir/ bay on ! s\? side is enclos$ by a good iron grille4 ,)9 is ! ,capella del ,s4 ,anello1 conta9+ ,p]ugia's mo/ sacr$ relic1 ! w$d+-r+ ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,?is 0 fil*$ "o day f ,*iusi1 ! pleasant little t[n :]e "o s (t5 *anges tra9s on ! way f ,rome4 ,to prev5t a repetition ( ! !ft x has1 s9ce its arrival 9 ,p]ugia1 be5 enclos$ 9 a reliqu>y t c be op5$ only by fifte5 diff]5t keys kept by fifte5 diff]5t citiz5s4 ,! ,capella de ,s4 ,b]n>d9o occupies ! opposite bay ( ! nor? aisle4 ,! *oir is a five-sid$ apse1 r\nd :i* are ! canons' /alls ( good int>sia "w4 ,! c5tral ( ! ?ree w9d[s is almo/ fill$ by ! organ l(t1 & ! *oir gall]y is above ! /alls4 ,9 ! nor? transept a little door 9 an almo/ hidd5 angle ( ! wall op5s out into ! cloi/]s4 ,( ! two c\rts ! inn]1 ) two gall]ies1 is a v picturesque & quiet spot4 ,creep]s come trail+ d[n ! walls1 fl[]s 9 boxes add a t\* ( col\r1 & ! coo+ ( doves gave "o ! idea t "h at any rate1 9 ! prec9cts ( a sanctu>y1 0 a hav5 ( re/ f ! brawl+ _w outside4 ,! ,ca!dral libr>y has a great treasure 9 ! possession ( ! ,codex ( ,/4 ,luke ( ! six? c5tury4 ,x is b\nd 9 silv] & writt5 9 lett]s ( gold on purple-col\r$ vellum--a spl5did comb9ation4 ,n _m ( ,p]ugia's *ur*es c rejoice to-day 9 ! pres]vation ( _! orig9al /ate4 ,^? atta*$ to ! dis5d[$ mona/]ies are n[ mo/ly b>racks1 & o!rs h be5 re/or$ or propp$ up z a consequ5ce ( int]mitt5t e>?quakes t develop$ great cracks 9 _! walls4 ,com+ ?r\gh ! ,porta ,susanna1 ! l[e/ "p ( :i* is ,etruscan masonry put toge!r )\t any cem5t1 "o leaves ! anci5t city beh9d1 &1 turn+ to ! "r1 sees across ! vacant ,piazza de ,s4 ,francesco ! gem ( ,p]ugia's ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,! little oratory ( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o /&s adjo9+ ! ru9$ *ur* ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,! lovely faade ( ?is t9y build+ is by ,ago/9o ,ducci1 :o built x 9 m>ble & t]ra-cotta4 ,its two doors are enclos$ by a r\nd$ ar*way1 9 ! tympanum ( :i* is a figure ( our ,"l 9 ,glory ) two ar*angels4 ,s4 ,b]n>d9o is b5ea?4 ,ar\nd him are _m angels :o s+ to ! accompanim5t ( ! musical in/rum5ts on :i* !y play4 ,beyond ! angels are two r[s ( *]ubims ) heav5ly faces4 ,! gr\nd col\r ( ! tympanum on :i* all ^! delicately modell$ bas-reliefs /& 0 evid5tly at "o "t a gorge\s blue & gold4 ,x has fad$ to a beautiful brok5 c]ulean4 ,! jambs ( ! portal are gre5 s]p5t9e1 & conta9 ?ree figures ( angels on ea* side4 ,!y c>ry implem5ts ( husb&ry & agriculture4 ,six panels on ! faade h m angels ) musical in/rum5ts4 ,arabesques cov] ! po/s ( ! portal1 & laurel is c>v$ on !m z well4 ,f\r t]ra-cotta sa9ts occupy ni*es2 "u ^! are sc5es 9 high] relief illu/rat+ ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,s4 ,b]n>d9o4 ,9 "o he is depict$ sav+ a boy f a wat]y grave4 ,! delicate p9k & w>m opaque yell[ ( ! t]ra-cotta1 ! :ite m>ble & gre5 s]p5t9e1 & ! exquisite note ( blue1 ) traces ov] all ( fad$ & half-oblit]at$ gild+1 make ?is gem "o ( ! be/ pieces ( ext]nal col\r+ to be met ) 9 ,italy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,porta ,,susanna1 ,,p]ugia ,"o f9ds a *ur* situat$ at ! extremity ( ea* ( ,p]ugia's promontories4 ,! ,romanesque *ur* j outside ! ,s4 ,co/anza ,gate is well wor? a visit1 if x be only to look at its ea/]n portal4 ,sl5d]1 twi/$ pill>s ( m>ble support ! ar*itrave1 on :i* is a c5tral figure ( ,*ri/ seat$ 9 a circle4 ,on ei!r side are ! sa9t ) a dove1 & a lion ) a gryphon4 ,elegant pila/]s are c>ri$ f ! /eps up above ! ar*itrave4 ,!y are c>v$ ) qua9t trees gr[+ out ( mon/]s1 & support goats & o!r animals4 ,leo ,,xiii41 :5 ,bi%op ( ,p]ugia1 re/or$ ! faade1 b v judici\sly left ?is portal alone4 ,crosses & o!r ,*ri/ian symbols 9 t]ra-cotta are ! fruit ( ! re/oration4 ,on to all ^!--9 fact1 :]ev] !y c\ld f9d a pur*ase--! mason-bees h settl$ & built _! ne/s4 ,! dr[sy hum f ! busy little colony adds mu* to ! pleasure ( a rev]ie z "o sits on ! /eps ( ! doorway & looks across ! vale to ,assisi1 bak+ 9 ! sun1 & to ! sc>r$ m\nta9s beyond4 ,! nev]-complet$ *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 :i* ,giovanni ,pisano design$ z a ,go?ic build+1 conta9s a gr& ,go?ic monum5t by t ma/]4 ,! figure ( ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xi41 :o di$ by eat+ poison$ figs1 lies on 8 s>cophagus beh9d curta9s :i* two *>m+ figures draw aside4 ,! f9e ,go?ic canopy ( ! tomb is support$ by twi/$ columns inlaid ) tess] 9 ! same /yle z ! pill>s 9 ! portico ( ,lucca's ca!dral4 ,! ,b5$ict9e *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro w\ld h be5 a v impressive basilica _h n e in* ( its walls be5 cov]$ by poor frescoes & huge canvases ( m$iocre pa9t+s4 ,! nave is simple1 ) a good c(f]$ ro(4 ,9 "o ( ! aisle *apels !re is a v beautiful alt> by t delightful arti/1 ,m9o da ,fiesole2 & ! tab]nacle ov] ! high alt> is a good example ( m>ble "w4 ,x is surm\nt$ by bronze figures /&+ at ! angles r\nd ! base ( its little cupola4 ,! magnific5t read+-desk is also wor?y ( note4 ,x re/s on a table ) good c>v$ panels illu/rat+ ev5ts 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,piazza ,,g>ibaldi1 ,,p]ugia ,"o ( ! f9e/ ,dome/ic ,go?ic faades 9 ,italy is t ( ! ,palazzo ,pubblico4 ,a gr& doorway ( clu/]$ & twi/$ columns ornam5t$ ) arabesques gives on to ! ,corso ,vannucci4 ,above ! portal are ! city's ?ree protectors1 ,,ss4 ,lor5zo1 ,ercolano1 & ,co/anza4 ,by _! sides & ov]hang+ ! pavem5t1 on brackets1 are two huge gryphons hold+ a %eep & a calf4 ,)9 ! build+ are ! ,municipal ,(fices1 & on ! ?ird floor ! p9acoteca1 on ! walls ( :i* hang "s ( ,p]ug9o's be/ "w4 ,! faade1 :i* faces ! ,piazza del ,duomo1 has a f9e flight ( /eps lead+ to an entrance on ! fir/ floor4 ,above ?is are two m gryphons 9 bronze & a lion4 ,dep5d+ f ! gryphons is ! great *a9 & b> :i* 7 captur$ f ! ,si5ese4 ,?ree f9e ar*es support a loggia1 outside :i* is a pulpit1 remov$ hi!r f ! demoli%$ *ur* ( ,s4 ,salvatore4 ,?is side ( ! ,palazzo is ! olde/ "p ( ! build+1 prec$+ 9 con/ruction t :i* is 9 ! ,corso ,vanucci by fifty ye>s4 ,a ?ird "p1 t 0 add$ 9 #adbi = ! ,bank]s' ,guild1 is kn[n z ! ,collegio del ,cambio4 ,! great hall inside is decorat$ ) v good examples ( ,p]ug9o's bru%1 & has a m>vell\s ceil+ cov]$ ) arabesques & m$allions by 8 pupils4 ,c>v$ /alls & b5*es ( walnut wood ) int>sia "w1 & f9e doors1 complete an ensemble :i* is "o ( ! be/ examples ( an e>ly ,r5aissance int]ior4 ,! old ,piazza del ,sopra ,mura1 s call$ because ! build+s on "o side 7 erect$ on ! ,etruscan walls1 has be5 r5am$ ! ,piazza ,g>ibaldi4 ,a /atue ( ! h]o may be se5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,on ! "r ( ! sket*1 built on ! walls1 is ! ,palazzo del ,capitano del ,popolo1 at pres5t ! ,assize ,c\rt4 ,its ,go?ic faade has a good por* & a r+h]ia1 or balcony4 ,! piazza is "o ( ! be/ bits 9 ?is qua9t old city1 & :5 fill$ ) m>ket folk haggl+ ov] b>ga9s "u _! umbrellas is a typical ,italian sc5e 9 a typical ,italian sett+4 ,!re are n _m places 9 ,italy t boa/ s f9e a view z ,p]ugia c f ! g>d5 :]e once /ood ! ,baglioni's palace4 ,9 w9d+ l9es directly b5ea? "o a road1 buttress$ up by great blocks ( masonry1 n[ leads d[nhill to ! /ation4 ,to our left is a mat ( grey-br[n ro(s1 out ( :i* rise hundr$s ( curi\sly %ap$ *imneys4 ,heavy /ones keep "s ( ! ro( tiles 9 place4 ,a necess>y precaution1 =1 al?\gh ^! are laid ?ree deep1 a /orm ( extra viol5ce is apt to :isk !m away by scores4 ,glimpses ( delici\s wall$-9 g>d5s & old conv5tual c\rty>ds ne/l+ beh9d high walls break ! col\r ( our br[n mat ) reliev+ pat*es ( gre54 ,bell t[]s & a spire or two re> !mselves out ( ! h>moni\sly col\r$ network & cat* ! e>ly sun l beacons4 ,tortu\s alleys appe> & disappe> amid/ ?is delightful *aos1 & little figures l ants may be se5 lab\r+ up ! /eep slopes4 ,a sudd5 jump 9 col\r f br[n to gre5 & ! eye has leapt a ?\s& feet or m to ! va/ & f]tile pla9 beyond4 ,%ad[s ?r[n by fleecy cl\ds1 ) :i* f our height1 we seem to be on a level1 *ase "o ano!r ov] ! em]ald c>pet4 ,little hills1 cov]$ ) trees1 appe> z flat z ! pla9 bel[4 ,d>k cypresses & p9es clu/] r\nd ! f>ms & home/eads t punctuate ! l&scape ) :ite dots4 ,long ?9 ribbons ( ! same col\r tell :]e ! ma9 roads run to ,assisi1 to ,foligno1 to ,rome or ,orvieto4 ,z ! eye travels on1 ! em]ald m]ges imp]ceptibly into gre5 ( a bluei% t+e4 ,hills tw5ty miles away rise 9 a purple mass "u ! %ad[ ( ! cl\ds above4 ,b :at a p]fect canopy ! sky is6 ,! sun pi]ces ! well-ord]$ battalions t are mov+ across x f ! we/1 & ) long1 /raight rays /rikes ! w9d+s ( ! riv] t runs on to ! ,et]nal ,city & fl[s out to sea4 ,f> away1 ?r\gh ! yell[ haze t ?r[s ! purple hills into su* bold relief1 are %ad[$ =ms ris+ ti] above ti] 9 ! my/]y ( di/ant sunlight4 ,! sn[y cre/s ( ,italy's c5tral *a9 toss !mselves up to heav51 h>dly di/+ui%able f ! f>!/ mass ( ! m>*+ ho/s ( ! sky4 ,yes1 truly an un=gettable view1 & "o :i* ! ,baglioni ( old1 f _! ca/le w9d[s1 mu/ h drunk 9 ) pride4 ,well nigh z f> z _! eye rea*$ ! c\ntry ow$ !m allegiance4 ,,assisi ,( all ! wond]ful hill t[ns ( ,italy1 ,assisi c claim a k9d ( pre-em95ce 9 sa9t%ip & mona/icism4 ,! delicate f+] ( "t has t\*$ lightly & lov+ly ! little m$ival =tress :i* gave to ! _w ,s4 ,francis & ,s4 ,*i>a4 ,"o might say t e /one 9 ! place is saturat$ ) ! memory ( ! =m] & sweet5$ by ! recollection ( ! sa9tly woman :o outliv$ him _m ye>s4 ,! life ( ,s4 ,francis ( ,assisi is "o ( ! mo/ en?rall+ tales 9 ! hi/ory ( ! sa9ts4 ,he1 :o 0 ! son ( a ri* clo? m]*ant1 & up to ! age ( tw5ty-f\r _h l$ a gay & vici\s life1 has left to humanity "o ( ! greate/ examples ( *>ity1 humility & *a/ity t ! _w has ev] se54 ,z "o approa*es ! quiet little place1 ! fir/ ?+ to attract is ! great *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia degli ,angeli1 built ov] ! ,porziuncula4 ,?is1 a small *apel1 0 pres5t$ to ,s4 ,francis by ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,mte ,subacio1 & is ! sc5e ( ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 life & 8 dea?4 ,a f9e alt>piece by ,&rea della ,robbia 9 ! nor? transept %[s ! sa9t receiv+ ! /igmata1 or w\nds ( our ,"l's ,passion4 ,pope ,pius ,v4 rais$ ! cupola t is directly ov] ! spot :]e ,s4 ,francis expir$4 ,! *>m+ little g>d5 :]e ! sa9t cultivat$ 8 plants & m$ic9al h]bs adjo9s ! sacri/y2 & !re /ill fl\ri% 9 x ! ?ornless roses ( ! leg5d4 ,two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,s4 ,francis1 ! imm5se build+ t rises on a massive sub/ructure 0 comm5c$ by ,gregory ,,ix4 ,! great conv5t & two *ur*es1 "o above ! o!r1 t seem f bel[ z solid z ! rocks beyond1 7 erect$ ov] ! sa9t's grave4 ,s4 ,francis1 :5 dy+1 express$ a wi% to be int]r$ outside ! city walls2 b 8 disciples1 s we are l$ to believe1 c>ri$ 8 body up secretly two ye>s lat]1 & plac$ x 9 a s>cophagus1 :i* 0 f\nd imb$d$ 9 ! rock 9 ! ye> #ahah4 ,x _h la9 !re inviolate = six hundr$ ye>s4 ,! l[] *ur*1 :i* "o ent]s by a ,go?ic por*1 is v d>k4 ,?is is emphasis$ if ! sun happ5s to be v brilliant4 ,by degrees1 h[ev]1 ! wond]ful ultram>9e us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! gro9$ ro( ass]ts itself1 & :at at fir/ seem$ utt] blackness unfolds imp]ceptibly into an extraord9>y s*eme ( col\r4 ,! co/ly blue 0 pres5t$ by ,hecuba1 ,que5 ( ,cyprus1 ^: tomb is 9 ! *ur*4 ,! great porphyry vase 9 :i* x 0 br\ght ?i!r is !re too4 ,*apels rais$ six /eps above ! floor ( ! nave take ! place ( aisles2 & _! w9d[s1 fill$ ) /a9$ glass1 d n help to mitigate ! d>kness4 ,! ,high ,alt> /&s at ! int]-section ( ! nave & transepts4 ,imm$iately b5ea? is ! rock conta9+ ! sa9t's rema9s4 ,! alt> itself is a huge slab ( /one br\ght f ,con/ant9ople4 ,x re/s on tw5ty sl5d] columns t =m a sort ( arcade ) trefoils & mosaic sp&rils4 ,! t\r comp>tm5ts ( ! vault above are adorn$ ) "s ( ! f9e/ ( ,giotto's "w4 ,!y are kn[n z ! ,pov]ty s]ies1 & ,*a/ity1 ,ob$i5ce1 & ,s4 ,francis 9 ,glory4 ,a f9e ve/ibule at ! we/ end ( ! nave fronts ! ,piazza ,sup]iore1 & c>ries ! faade ( ! upp] *ur*4 ,?is is small] ?an ! l[] *ur* by ! wid? ( ! side *apels1 & consi/s ( a nave1 %ort transepts1 & apse4 ,! nave is decorat$ by a once noble s]ies ( frescoes by ,giotto ( ! life ( ,s4 ,francis4 ,!y are mu* damag$ by injudici\s re/oration1 & comp>+ !m ) o!r works by ! same ma/]-h&1 x is op5 to "q :e!r mu* ( ! col\r f 8 bru% is n[ on ! walls4 ,above !m is ! almo/ ru9$ "w ( ,cimabue4 ,alas6 t su* ma/]pieces %\ld h be5 s neglect$4 ,on ! way to ! upp] t[n "o passes ?r\gh ! old ,roman ,=um1 n[ ! ,piazza ,gr&e4 ,9 ! squ>e /&s ! ,palazzo del ,capitano1 to :i* a f9e t[] is atta*$4 ,fur!r on1 z "o climbs ! asc5t1 ! /reet op5s out into ! ,piazza ,ruf9o1 at ! end ( :i* ! ca!dral is situat$4 ,d$icat$ to ! fir/ bi%op ( ,assisi1 :o suff]$ m>tyrdom 9 ! ye> #bhf1 ! build+ 0 comm5c$ 9 #aadj4 ,! f9e faade has ?ree portals1 elaborately c>v$ 9 l[ relief1 & ?ree v good r\nd w9d[s4 ,grotesque figures ( birds & bea/s are set on brackets ne> ! c5tre w9d[1 & occupy o!r places on ! faade4 ,! int]ior 0 re/or$ & alt]$ at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & is 9 no way rem>kable4 ,x conta9s1 h[ev]1 ! font 9 :i* ,s4 ,francis 0 baptiz$1 & two good /atues ( :ite m>ble1 "o ( ,s4 ,francis1 ! o!r ( ,s4 ,*i>a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,assisi ,assisi is di/9ctly a sun-bak$ city2 & built ( local w>m-col\r$ /one1 x looks almo/ on fire :5 ! rays ( ! sett+ sun light up its walls1 its ro(s1 & its t[]s4 ,?us does ! illu/ration depict ! ca!dral's faade & ,romanesque campanile4 ,9 ! piazza /&s1 on a p$e/al1 ! bronze /atue ( ! sa9t :i* replac$ t :i* is inside ! build+4 ,! /reet "u ! h\ses on ! left leads to ! ,roman !atre1 & on ! "r "o proce$s to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,*i>a4 ,! mummifi$ body ( ,s4 ,cl>e /ill re/s 9 ! crypt2 & ! ,crucifix :i* spoke to ,giovanni ,b]n>done 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,damiano is 9 ! nor? transept4 ,to ?is crucifix 0 due ! *ange :i* transfigur$ ! life ( ! "y man1 & gave to ! _w "o ( its greate/ sa9ts4 ,giovanni 0 nicknam$ ,francesco by 8 fa!r1 :o _h an ext5sive trade connection ) ,france1 & a "n giv5 9 je/ has become "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! c\ntry r\nd ,assisi is full ( beautiful subjects = p5 & p5cil2 & long m$itative rambles are )9 rea* ( ! poore/ p$e/rian4 ,! _s ( ,s4 ,francis dom9ates all4 ,x is n f> to ! c>c]i1 ! little dug-out rock *amb]s t he at fir/ inhabit$ ) 8 few foll[]s2 & ! gorge ?r\gh :i* "o climbs to rea* !m is t :]e he 0 "o night attack$ by robb]s1 :o f9d+ _! victim clad only 9 a hair %irt1 beat him & left him = dead 9 a drift ( sn[4 ,! life ( ,s4 ,francis has ev] be5 an all absorb+ "o = ! pa9t]'s art4 ,"o ( ! fav\rite subjects connect$ ) x is 8 m>riage ) ! ,lady ,pov]ty4 ,! v[s he took ( ,pov]ty1 ,*a/ity & ,ob$i5ce 7 dem&$ f all 8 foll[]s4 ,8 rule once e/abli%$1 8 disciples 7 kn[n z ! ,frati ,m9ori4 ,:5 prea*+ to ! poor he (t5 expos$ to view a repres5tation ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/ :i* he c>ri$ ab\t1 & x 0 ov] ?is prespio1 or mang]1 t ! fir/ ,*ri/mas c>ols 7 sung4 ,,si5a ,si5a1 ! ,ghibell9e1 at "o "t always at w> ) ,flor5ce ! ,guelph1 no long] disputes ) h] anci5t rival ! glory ( be+ ! =emo/ ( ,tuscan cities4 ,b1 ?\gh %e no long] does ?is1 pride 9 h] ,roman orig9 has nev] ceas$4 ,%e /ill reta9s ! ,s4 ,p4 ,q4 ,s4 z ! head-l9e ( municipal notices2 & ! %e-wolf & tw9s are to be f\nd sculptur$ on _m a column t adorns "s ( h] little c\rty>ds z well z on odd corn]s ab\t h] walls4 ,n9e gates1 "o ( :i* boa/s a b>bican1 admit ! /rang] to h] d>k up-&-d[n-hill /reets4 ,%e possesses _m f9e palaces4 ,%e might h possess$ ! gr&e/ ,go?ic ca!dral 9 all ,italy _h funds p]mitt$ its completion4 ,z x is1 x is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable & is adjo9$ by "o ( ! mo/ beautiful campanile 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if ! visitor braves ! heat ( ,augu/1 %e c %[ him ! v be/ survival ( m$ival times 9 h] celebrat$ ,palio1 or horse-race1 t takes place e ye> 9 ! great piazza4 ,9 h] /reets y w he> ! pure/ ,italian spok54 ,h] wom51 z ! mon? ( ,may comes r\nd1 don ! mo/ becom+ ( /raw hats1 & h] p are ju/ly fam$ = _! c\rtesy4 ,=tunately = "s ( u1 ! t\ri/ hurries on to ,flor5ce or ,rome4 ,b = him :o loves ! repose & p]sonal *>m ( an old-_w city1 ,si5a w always op5 h] arms & ga!r him 9 an embrace t w hold him = ev] en*ant$ by ! fasc9ation ( a delightful memory4 ,almo/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! city & occupy+ a space on ! top ( ! highe/ hill1 ,si5a's ca!dral is to-day a fragm5t only ( :at its build]s hop$ to erect4 ,! we/ end ( ! orig9al nave is away at ! end ( ! piazza to ! s\? ( ! pres5t s\? transept4 ,! pres5t nave 0 built z "o ( ! transepts1 & :5 its size is realis$ ! gr& s*eme t 0 nev] complet$ c be judg$4 ,! build+ 0 begun 9 #abbi & ! dome ov] ! cross+ f9i%$ ?irty ye>s lat]4 ,ab\t sixty ye>s aft] ?is ! s*eme to con/ruct ! huge nave 0 comm5c$4 ,x 0 only ow+ to a t]rible plague :i* c>ri$ (f1 x is said1 eighty ?\s& p1 t ?is 0 ab&on$4 ,! trac]y ( a v beautiful ,go?ic w9d[ rema9s at ! unf9i%$ we/ end1 to make "o m>vel at ! spl5did proportions ( ! int5d$ fabric4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,si5a ,! ca!dral1 ( :i* a f9e view is obta9$ f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico on ! opposite hill1 is approa*$ f ! ,piazza del ,duomo by twelve m>ble /eps4 ,! topmo/ :i* =ms ! plat=m 9 front ( ! faade is inlaid ) graffiti designs 9 black & o!r col\rs4 ,?ree crocket$ gables cr[n ,giovanni ,pisano's faade4 ,_! surface is cov]$ ) mod]n mosaics4 ,"u ! c5tre gable1 surr\nd$ by a squ>e frame ( ,go?ic ni*es fill$ ) half-l5g? figures ( sa9ts1 is an imm5se r\nd w9d[ devoid ( all trac]y1 b fill$ ) good glass4 ,a flat black b& ( m>ble frames ! ni*es4 ,elegant turrets ) crocket$ p9nacles surm\nt$ by sa9ts are on ei!r side ( ?is gable4 ,! two o!r gables are flank$ by t[]s1 ea* ) a solid turret4 ,! pure/ piece ( ar*itecture is ! gall]y :i* is betwe5 ! c5tre & ^! two side gables4 ,bel[ runs a classic frieze sep>at+ ! upp] f ! l[] "p ( ! faade4 ,! columns & pila/]s ( ! ?ree portals are ( :ite & r$ m>ble2 !y are s heavily lad5 ) elaborate sculpture ( bea/s1 birds1 & foliage t !y seem to lose _! raison d'tre & no long] support any?+4 ,! capitals ( all ^! are =m$ ( elongat$ acan?us leaves1 & might be lik5$ to a field ( wav+ maize4 ,x is v int]e/+ to note1 by ! classic "w :i* ,pisano introduc$ ev]y:]e on ! faade1 h[ difficult x app>5tly 0 = him to get away f ! tradition ( 8 c\ntry's classic ar*itecture :5 design+ a ,go?ic faade4 ,! :ole front is cov]$ ) :ite m>ble /atues p]*$ on e available place4 ,g>goyles1 l *evaux de frise1 protrude f e angle & corn]4 ,on ! brackets ov] ! f\r ma9 columns ( ! por*es are two horses1 a w+$ lion1 & a lion reg>dant4 ,! :ole ( ! front lacks repose1 a condition :i* is int5sifi$ by ! black & :ite inlay ( ! flat surfaces4 ,! c5tre gable ov]laps ! portal b5ea?1 & ! apexes ( ! two side gables are beyond ! middle ( ! two side portals4 ,?is is a good arrangem5t1 & assi/s ! balance ( ! composition1 :i* is well re/ra9$ by ! deep-set gall]y & d>k %ade ( ! flank+ t[]s4 ,! po9t$ w9d[s ( ! s\? aisle & transept are canopi$4 ,on top ( ea* ( ! buttresses betwe5 !m is a :ite m>ble figure4 ,! magnific5t campanile rises above ! *apel close to ! s\? door4 ,l ! re/ ( ! ca!dral x is b&$ 9 black & :ite m>ble4 ,! l[e/ ( its sev5 c\rses is con/ruct$ ) a solid ext]ior1 ! next is pi]c$ by an ar*1 ! ?ird by two ar*es1 & s on1 increas+ until at ! top /age !re are six ar*es4 ,f\r turrets ) sl5d] spires f9i% (f ! corn]s at ! top1 & a good hexagonal spire rises f ! c5tre4 ,! dome is support$ by an op5 gall]y4 ,! idea ( a c5tral t[] nev] seems to h appeal$ to ! ,italian 9 8 ,go?ic "w2 ev5 at ,milan ! spire ( ! ca!dral c h>dly be said to rise f a t[]4 ,! int]ior ( ! ca!dral1 by reason ( ! v decid$ black & :ite b&s ( m>ble1 al?\gh mell[$ ) age1 is n re/ful to ! eye4 ,! nave consi/s ( five bays on ea* side4 ,! aisles h r\nd ar*es4 ,! transepts are d\ble & ( unequal l5g?4 ,all ! w9d[s are po9t$ ) ! exception ( ! two r\nd ones at ! ea/ & we/ ends4 ,! clu/]$ columns ( ! nave are ( v good proportion2 above !m is a heavy frieze4 ,betwe5 ! num]\s consoles ( ?is is a s]ies ( t]ra cotta bu/s ( all ! ,popes4 ,execut$ at "o "t1 !y are1 l ! m$allion portraits ( ! ,pontiffs 9 ,s4 ,paolo fuori at ,rome1 n au!ntic lik5esses4 ,:at gild+ !re is1 is away up 9 ! ro( & on ! bosses 9 ! s(fits ( ! ar*es1 b x is old & n really obtrusive4 ,! same may be said = ! />-spangl$ blue vault4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! cold light f ! nor? transept w9d[ /rik+ ,niccol ,pisano's beautiful pulpit1 9 contradi/9ction to ! w>m rays t p5etrate ?is noble fabric ?r\gh ! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( ! nave4 ,arnolfo di ,cambio & ,niccol's son ,giovanni _h a %>e 9 ! execution ( ?is spl5did "w1 :i* may be rank$ next to ! pulpit 9 ! ,bapti/]y at ,pisa4 ,! pavem5t ( ! :ole ca!dral is compos$ ( graffiti 9 col\r$ m>ble pictures4 ,to pres]ve ?is unique pavem5t ! au?orities h wisely cov]$ ! nave & aisles ) a wood5 floor2 & except dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/ & on great fe/ivals1 :5 ?is cov]+ is tak5 away1 ! only portion 9 ! l[] "p ( ! *ur* expos$ to view is t "u ! dome4 ,?is is rail$ (f4 ,! six ni*es at ! top ( ! clu/]$ columns t support ! cupola are fill$ ) colossal metal figures4 ,on bronze brackets1 fix$ to ea* pi] ( ! *oir1 are ?irte5?-c5tury bronze figures ( angels hold+ lamps4 ,"o admires ! good ta/e t has always left ^! bronzes ungild$4 ,! same praise may be accord$ 9 ! case ( ! gr& bronze c&le/icks on ! high alt>1 & ! magnific5t tab]nacle by ,lor5zo di ,pietro :i* re/s on x4 ,! only note :i* really j>s is ! cresc5t ( hide\s gild$ *]ubims t p>tially surr\nd ! ea/ w9d[4 ,! *oir /alls1 :i* 7 ex*ang$ = ^? 9 ! conv5t ( ,mont' ,oliveto ,maggiore1 n9ete5 miles out ( ,si5a1 h extremely good int>sia "w ( ar*itectural & /ill-life panels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,si5a ,,ca!dral ,9 ! nor? aisle is ! ,piccolom9i *apel1 ) a v f9e ,r5aissance wall ( c>v$ arabesques4 ,9 ni*es /& /atuettes1 9 ! execution ( :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo _h a h&4 ,! celebrat$ ,libr]ia ,piccolom9i adjo9s ?is4 ,its walls are decorat$ ) ! frescoes ( ! life ( ,pius ,,ii41 a scion ( ?is noble ,h\se4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! libr>y /&s ! beautiful gr\p ( ! ,?ree ,graces1 a ,grco-,roman "w :i* ,raphael drew f & /udi$4 ,! bapti/]y1 ,s4 ,giovanni ,batti/a1 is bel[ ! ea/ end ( ! ca!dral on a /eep hill-side4 ,its exceptionally good ,go?ic front by ,giacomo di ,m9o 0 nev] complet$1 & = ?is reason1 z w be se5 9 ! illu/ration1 ! ro( ( ! ca!dral has a b>n-l t]m9ation at ?is end4 ,! int]ior is a sort ( transv]se nave ) two pi]s support+ a gro9$ & vault$ ro(4 ,! frescoes ( ! apse1 ?\gh mu* fad$1 /ill reta9 "s ( ! ri* col\r+ ) :i* two ,brescian pa9t]s decorat$ !m4 ,! font is a v beautiful example ( ,giacomo della ,qu]cia's "w1 & is adorn$ ) six bronze gilt panels1 "o ( :i* is by ,donatello4 ,small figures occupy ! corn]s1 & are by ! same ma/]-craftsman4 ,among ! _m great names on ,si5a's roll ( fame1 ! two sa9ts ,ca!r9e & ,b]n>d9o are p]haps ! be/ kn[n4 ,a little way beyond ! m>g9 ( ! fir/ picture ( ?is *apt]1 to ! left1 is ! h\se :]e ! =m] fir/ saw light4 ,! la/ ( tw5ty-five *ildr5 born to ,giacomo ,b59sca & 8 wife1 h] *ildhood 0 m>k$ by an extraord9>y ascetic devotion ov]:elm+ all o!r feel+s1 s t at ! age ( sixte5 %e ent]$ ! ,ord] ( ,s4 ,dom9ic4 ,! s]ies ( *apels :i* ! ,casa ,b59sca is n[ turn$ into w be = "s1 f _! sacr$ associations1 ! mo/ int]e/+ spots 9 all ! city4 ,! h\se has a *>m+ loggia & cortile1 b o!rwise no ar*itectural features wor?y ( note4 ,on ! hill above1 & beh9d ! spot f :i* ! sket* 0 made1 is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 9 :i* ,s4 ,ca!r9e wor%ipp$2 x is a huge build+ 9 ! /yle ( all ,dom9ican *ur*es1 ) a great nave1 no aisles1 a %all[ *oir & transepts4 ,h] life 0 "o replete ) visions4 ,9 ! *apel at ! we/ end ,s4 ,ca!r9e took ! veil4 ,little c\ld %e h kn[n at ! "t1 t %e 0 orda9$ "s future day to be ! prime factor 9 recall+ ,pope ,gregory ,,xi4 f ,avignon to ,rome4 ,s4 ,b]n>d9o 0 ! son ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,massa ,m>itima1 a ,si5ese t[n n f> f ! coa/ opposite ! ,isle ( ,elba4 ,he jo9$ ! prea*+ ,ord] ( ,s4 ,francis at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 & 0 "o ( ^? :o always drew imm5se cr[ds to li/5 to 8 eloqu5t words4 ,:5 9 ,flor5ce he made a bonfire ( evil books & vanities1 ?us =e/all+ "o ( ,savon>ola's great revolution>y acts4 ,s great 0 8 influ5ce consid]$ to be t1 :ile 9 ,p]ugia1 ! great bell 0 always toll$ dur+ 8 occupation ( ! pulpit4 ,c>e ( ! poor 0 "o ( 8 *ief aims1 & he e/abli%$ ! ,monte di ,piet1 = l5d+ money on small pl$ges1 to save ^? 9 want f ! heavy h& ( ! usur]4 ,( all ! palaces 9 ,si5a t :i* /&s on ! s\? side ( ! ,campo1 ! ,palazzo ,pubblico1 is ! mo/ fam\s4 ,ne>ly e "o :o reads ^! l9es mu/ be famili>1 ?r\gh photographs or o!rwise1 ) ! magnific5t campanile del ,mangia--a title t orig9at$ ) a figure1 nicknam$ ! ,glutton1 t at "o "t /ruck ! h\rs on its bells4 ,! illu/ration gives a view ( ! t[] se5 ?r\gh ! ,arco di ,s4 ,guiseppe4 ,x is ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet high1 & is built ( brick ) a ma*icolat$ /one cap & bell-turret above4 ,at its base /&s ! ,cappella della ,piazza1 a v beautiful op5 loggia1 built to commemorate ! city's deliv]ance f ! great plague t 0 in/rum5tal 9 caus+ ! propos$ enl>gem5t ( ! ca!dral to be giv5 up4 ,! ,palazzo itself consi/s ( a huge c5tral squ>e block ) ,si5ese battlem5ts--squ>e ) hat*$ m\ld+s4 ,a c\ple ( turrets rise 9 ?ree /oreys above ! two side w+s ( ! block4 ,! l[e/ /orey ( ! build+ is ( /one1 ! o!rs ( t delightful r$ brick :i* *>ms ! pa9t]'s eye1 & is peculi> to ,si5a4 ,all ! w9d[s ( ! palace are po9t$1 ) a flat conta9+-memb] outside ! ?ree lights ( ea*4 ,two good c\rty>ds give entrance by /airways to ! upp] floors ( ! build+1 :i* is n[ us$ = judicial bus9ess4 ,almo/ opposite1 across ! ,campo1 is ! ,palazzo del ,gov]no1 =m]ly ! palace ( ! great ,piccolom9i family4 ,x conta9s ! treasures ( ,si5a1 ! /ate ar*ives2 & 9 front ( x /&s ! ,font ,gaia4 ,9 ! ,via del ,capitano1 lead+ into ! ,piazza del ,duomo1 is ! ,palazzo ,squ>cialupi4 ,?is ?irte5?-c5tury build+ 01 9 ! old days1 ! (ficial resid5ce ( ! ,judges ( ,appeal & ! ,capta9s ( ,w>4 ,! ,loggia dei ,m]canti 0 built 9 ! fifte5? c5tury = ! use ( ! ,city ,fa!rs :o assembl$ "h 9 _! bus9ess capacity ( m]*ants to judge trade disputes4 ,s widespread 0 ! fame ( ?is imp>tial tribunal t =eign]s (t5 br\ght _! diff]5ces be=e x = adju/m5t4 ,! palace is n[ kn[n z ! ,cas9o dei ,nobili4 ,_m f9e resid5ces l9e ! tortu\s & %ady ?or\ghf>es1 & o!rs =m p>ts ( ! diff]5t squ>es4 ,mo/ ( !m h iron r+s & brackets let into _! walls simil> to _m ( ! ,flor5t9e palaces & ^? already m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on ,bologna4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,arco ,,di ,s4 ,,giuseppe1 ,,si5a ,x is n1 h[ev]1 s mu* 9 ! individual build+s t ! *>m ( ,si5a lies1 nor 9 ! long l9e ( pa9t]s ^: works are on ! walls ( ! ,sp$ale 9 ! ,piazza del ,duomo1 9 ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti1 & else:]e4 ,r is x 9 ! p]sonal & intimate note ( ! beautiful old city tak5 z a :ole4 ,= ev5 ! soj\rn ( a s+le week w captivate & make "o feel z if he belong$ to ,si5a1 & ,si5a to him4 ,x may be t ! :eel$ traffic1 :i* c foll[ b two or ?ree di/9ct l9es ?r\gh h] /reets1 %uts (f 9 sil5ce l>ge areas ( ! city1 & t ! visitor is left m to himself & 8 rev]ies ?an is ! case 9 mo/ ,italian t[ns4 ,:atev] x be1 x is difficult to def9e1 b ! m "o kn[s ,si5a ! m :ole-he>t$ly does "o give oneself up to h] *>m4 ,is !re any?+ q ! same1 q s peaceful1 & yet s full ( hi/ory's w>s1 z ! view f ! pleasant g>d5s ( ,la ,lizza8 ,pass on to ! walls ( ! ,=tessa at ! end ( ! ,li/s1 or old tilt+-gr\nd1 & :at a beautiful l&scape unfolds itself6 ,undulat+ gr\nd1 cov]$ ) v9es & or*>ds1 c>ries u into a middle di/ance ( cypress & p9e-clad hills4 ,^! /ret* away into an opalesc5t haze1 out ( :i* to ! nor? & ea/ rise ! peaks ( f>-di/ant m\nta9s4 ,to ! we/ b "o great mass so>s above ! sea ( gold5 mi/--,mte4 ,amiata1 always diff]5t yet always ! same4 ,a solit>y m\nta91 once se5 ev] rememb]$2 a m\nta9 "o c love4 ,:at a l& ( sun%9e & pa/oral beauty x is6 ,always at its be/ 9 spr+time be=e ! summ]'s sun has laid its grip on ! r$ e>? & scor*$ x s]e1 & :5 ! %[]s ( ,april fre%5 & draw f ! w>m soil t sc5t ( ,"m ,e>?1 :i* no?+ man has ev] made c equal & :i* no money c buy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"u ,,! ,,walls1 ,,si5a ,,orvieto ,orvieto1 yet ano!r ( ! wond]ful hill t[ns ( ,italy1 is q unlike any ( ^? ) :i* ?is book has hi!rto dealt4 ,x has an absolutely insul> position1 due to its situation on top ( an isolat$ crag ( d>k volcanic rock :i* rises out ( ! wide valley ( ! riv] ,paglia4 ,! rock1 :i* cr[ns ! /eep slopes ( a hill1 goes upw>ds a %e] precipice on ?ree sides4 ,on ! f\r?1 ! old road circles & w9ds 9 & out ( olive groves & or*>ds1 until1 hav+ climb$ ! asc5t1 x f9ally ent]s ! city 9 a bold curve close to :]e ! funicul> rail f ! /ation t]m9ates4 ,! pr9cipal entrance is ! ,porta ,maggiore at ! o!r end ( ! rock4 ,x is a gateway hewn out ( ! solid tufa & built across a v n>r[ natural gorge4 ,two o!r gates pi]ce ! walls4 ,"o1 at ! ea/ end1 is close to ! old ,=tessa--n[ conv]t$ into a *>m+ g>d54 ,l an old eagle t 9 8 decl9+ ye>s _c tru/ 8 w+s = f> flight1 ?is grim old city1 built ( black lava1 broods ov] ! sweep ( c\ntry bel[4 ,v few places 9 ! c\ntry occupi$ s impregnable a position4 ,on ! nor!rn slopes ( ! hill !re has be5 une>!d 9 a peasant's g>d5 "o ( ! mo/ complete ,etruscan necropoli 9 ,italy4 ,"o tomb is left exactly z x 0 f\nd1 ) ! cont5ts--vases1 j>s1 ut5sils ( bronze1 c4--9 _! orig9al position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,la ,,porta ,,maggiore1 ,,orvieto ,9 ! tr\bl\s times t s (t5 ov]took ,papal ,rome no few] ?an ?irty-two diff]5t ,pontiffs f\nd refuge 9 ,orvieto f incipi5t revolutions4 ,! impregnable situation ( ! city r5d]$ x safe & immune f attack4 ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 :o fl$ "h aft] ! sack ( ,rome by ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 caus$ ! ,pozzo di ,s4 ,patrizio to be made4 ,?is extremely clev]ly con/ruct$ well is hewn out ( ! solid rock = a dep? ( "o hundr$-&-eighty feet1 & has a d\ble spiral /aircase outside ! wat] %aft4 ,! ,papal ,c\rt naturally foll[$ ! ,pope1 & ,orvieto 9 ! days :i* h gone mu/ h worn a m human air ?an x does n[4 ,"o c und]/& t !n its d>k1 solemn /reets res\nd$ ) a little gaiety1 & its palaces _h a great] %[ ( life ?an !y h at ! pres5t "t4 ,true1 ! own]s n[ sp5d mo/ ( ! ye> 9 ,rome1 & reside 9 _! =tress homes = ! summ] mon?s only4 ,b ev5 _! adv5t does n1 to ! /rang]1 br+ mu* m life into ?is solemn place4 ,no o!r ^w describes ! palaces ( ,orvieto bett] ?an ! above4 ,ne>ly e "o ( ^! =tress palaces has a t[] ( def5ce1 ! walls ( :i* are f eight to t5 feet ?ick4 ,_m ( !m are connect$ ) "o ano!r by und]gr\nd passages1 & none h any w9d[s at all accessible f ! outside4 ,! l[] class ( inhabitants are quiet & sad-look+4 ,!y appe> ev5 to ?is day to live "u "s heavy m5tal weight4 ,maybe g5]ations ( suppression & ! dom9ance ( an intrigu+ ,c\rt has _h an influ5ce t is inbr$ into ! *ildr5 born n[4 ,!n1 too1 x 0 s f> d[n hill & up across ! opposite slopes to ! _w beyond6 ,s toilsome a climb to return home6 ,y feel ?is to-day :5 y live 9 ,orvieto--feel t ?is sil5t city is an isl&4 ,c y be surpris$1 :5 y ?9k ( ^! adv]se influ5ces1 t ! poor] ,orvietans h n q ! gay & fri5dly air ( ! peasantry ( ! pla9s8 ,b :atev] ! p may be1 !y live 9 a wond]ful old city1 & !y live "u ! %ad[ ( a gr& ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,/&+ 9 a f9e op5 piazza ) ! ,palazzo del ,papa on "o side1 ! ,hospital on ano!r1 & ! ,bi%op's palace on a ?ird1 ?is f9e *ur* occupies ! vantage gr\nd ( ,orvieto4 ,9 ! ,vatican1 "o ( ,raphael's well-kn[n frescoes illu/rates ! miracle ( ,bols5a4 ,x 0 to commemorate ?is t ,pope ,urban ,,iv4 f\nd$ ! ca!dral4 ,! magnific5t faade has ?ree por*es4 ,! c5tre "o has r\nd ar*es1 & ! o!r two are po9t$4 ,f\r flat panels are at ! bases ( ! %afts t divide ! faade4 ,^! %afts end 9 crocket$ p9nacles surr\nd+ ! ,go?ic turrets1 :i* so> upw>ds beyond ! ?ree gables at ! top ( ! faade4 ,! gables !mselves rise above ! ro(s ( ! nave & aisles4 ,! only fault "o c f9d ) ?is beautiful build+1 & x is "o common to mo/ ,italian ,go?ic *ur*es1 is t ! faade is /uck on1 & does n really =m "p ( ! ar*itectural composition ( ! build+4 ,a glance at ! illu/ration w expla9 :at is meant4 ,! f\r panels are ju/ly plac$ among ! ma/]pieces ( ,italian sculpture ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,vas>i attributes ! designs to ,niccol ,pisano4 ,?is may be1 b x is kn[n t ,giovanni ,pisano & o!rs 7 ! arti/s :o execut$ !m4 ,! fir/ 9 ord] beg9s at ! l[e/ left-h& corn] ( ! nor? panel1 & records ! ,creation ( ! ,_w & all bea/s & birds4 ,!n foll[ ! hi/ories ( ,adam & ,eve1 ,ca9 & ,abel1 ,jubal--mak+ bells1 & ,tubal-,ca9 measur+ on a scroll ) a compass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,orvieto ,?is completes ! fir/ & be/ panel ( ! f\r4 ,ea* incid5t is enclos$ by a v beautifully cut & intricate patt]n ( ! v9e4 ,! second panel depicts sc5es f ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ! ?ird1 ! ,tree ( ,jesse1 ! ,nativity & ,life ( ,*ri/1 ) classic foliage int]v5+4 ,! f\r? is v good & repres5ts ! ,resurrection2 "h figures ( a v ,greek type rise f ,greek s>cophagi4 ,sa9ts1 ,virg9s1 & ! ,savi\r 9 ,glory surr\nd$ by ,apo/les also f9d places on ?is panel4 ,x f9i%es 9 ! l[e/ "r-h& corn] ) a mo/ reali/ic sc5e 9 ,hell4 ,raphael1 x is said1 came to ,orvieto to /udy ^! wond]ful works4 ,imm$iately above & at ! bases ( ! f\r %afts are ! huge bronze symbols ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,!y re/ on ! abaci ( ! pila/]s :i* =m a sort ( drip-c\rse "r along ! faade4 ,ov] ! c5tre por* is a bronze t5t1 ! curta9s ( :i* ,angels draw aside reveal+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild seat$4 ,! lights1 =m+ ! tympanums ( ! por*es1 are ?9 %eets ( alaba/]4 ,! columns are spiral & twi/$1 octagonal & quadrangul>4 ,ea* is set aga9/ a diff]5t col\r$ backgr\nd ( black lava1 r$1 :ite1 or grey m>ble2 & ea* is cov]$ ) geometrical mosaic4 ,! :eel w9d[ ( ! faade is beautifi$ ) exceptionally good trac+4 ,x is fram$ by quatrefoils 9 panels1 ) ! head ( a sa9t 9 ea*4 ,on two sides ( ^!1 9 recess$ rectangul> ni*es1 are /atues ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,at ! top ( ! frame are canopi$ ni*es ) a r[ ( sa9ts4 ,! :ole ( ?is wond]ful front is cov]$ by mod]n mosaics :i* d n q fit 9 ) ! sev]e l9es ( ! ar*itecture4 ,nei!r does ! s*eme ( col\r 9 :i* !y are execut$ take its place ) ! w>m? ( ! m>ble z well z x might4 ,! :ole ( ! ma9 build+ is con/ruct$ 9 b&s ( black lava & :ite m>ble4 ,semicircul> *apels 9 ! aisles break ! monotony ( ! l[] portion ( ! ext]ior2 :ile ! upp] is r5d]$ less sev]e by ! po9t$ cl]e/ory w9d[s1 a drip/one & /r+-c\rse1 & a good cornice4 ,! int]ior is "o ( ! be/ 9 ,italy4 ,x 0 greatly improv$ :5 ! colossal /atues :i* /ood at ! bases ( ! pi]s 7 remov$1 & ! side *apels cle>$ ( _! alt>s & r m]etrici\s adornm5ts4 ,! massive columns ( ! nave1 eight ( :i* are r\nd1 f\r clu/]$1 & two engag$1 h capitals t p>take ( a /yle f> m classic ?an ,go?ic4 ,above ! r\nd ar*es !y support runs a tri=ium gall]y4 ,?is is op5 9 ! nave1 & cov]$ at ! we/ end1 :]e x foll[s ! slope upw>ds ( ! gables ( ! aisles4 ,at ! ea/ end x is c>ri$ ov] ! w9d[1 be+ also cov]$ 9 "h4 ,! w9d[s ( ! aisles are all fill$1 or p>tly fill$1 ) ?9 slabs ( alaba/]4 ,! effect ( light produc$ ?r\gh ?is ?ick b comp>atively transluc5t m$ium is extremely mell[ & beautiful4 ,! %ort transepts are rais$ ?ree /eps above ! nave1 & ! *oir five4 ,a f9e r$ m>ble balu/rade sep>ates ! latt] f ! re/ ( ! *ur*4 ,! op5 /alls 9 ! *oir h "s extremely good int>sia "w4 ,! wood5 scre5 t %uts !m (f f ! nave is a c>v$ mass ( mo/ intricate geometrical design4 ,"u ! ea/ w9d[ is ! bi%op's ?rone1 back$ & surr\nd$ ) m good int>sia1 9 :i* sa9ts & sa9t$ bi%ops ) _! symbols mo/ effectively figure4 ,! walls above & ar\nd are cov]$ ) f\rte5?-c5tury frescoes by ,pietro di ,puccio & ,ugol9o1 bo? native arti/s4 ,9 _! pres5t fad$ /ate !y h>monise beautifully ) _! surr\nd+s1 to :i* ! col\r ( ! well-worn r$ m>ble floor ( ! ca!dral adds a pleasant note4 ,! "w ( ,luca ,signorelli c be bett] /udi$ 9 ! ,cappella della ,madonna di ,s4 ,brizio ?an any:]e else 9 ,italy4 ,?is *apel practically =ms ! %all[ s\? transept4 ,9 ! magnific5t frescoes :i* adorn its walls "o c trace ! possible influ5ce ( ?is great pa9t] on ! works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,two panels ( ! ceil+ came f ! bru% ( ,fra ,angelico4 ,! nor? transept is almo/ entirely occupi$ by ! ,cappella del ,s4,s4 ,corporale4 ,! reliqu>y conta9+ ! ,corporal1 or l95 clo? ( ! ,miracle ( ,bols5a1 is kept ov] ! alt>4 ,?is reliqu>y is a f9e piece ( silv]-gilt "w1 ) two doz5 beautiful panels ( blue enamel4 ,x 0 on to ?is l95 clo? t ! ,blood dropp$ f ! brok5 ,ho/1 & conv9c$ ! (ficiat+ prie/ ( ! ,real ,pres5ce4 ,pope ,urban ,,iv4 _h x br\ght f ,bols5a1 & comm5c$ to build ?is magnific5t ca!dral z a great %r9e 9 :i* ! sacr$ relic %\ld re/ = ev]4 ,beh9d ! ca!dral1 t is to ! ea/1 ,orvieto1 n _m ye>s ago1 0 a ru9$1 brok5-d[n mass ( insanit>y build+s4 ,g>d5s n[ take ! place ( :at 0 a plague-spot1 & ! h\ses ( ! city z we f9d x n[ occupy b>ely "o-half ( ! area conta9$ )9 ! walls4 ,9 ?is respect mod]n ideas h decid$ly improv$ ,orvieto4 ,:at is left ( ! old /reets is well look$ aft] f ! sanit>y po9t ( view2 & f ! arti/ic1 !re are n _m places 9 ,italy :]e subjects are to be f\nd 9 su* pl5ty4 ,! massive ,torre del ,moro is close to ! ,piazza del ,popolo1 :]e /&s ! ru9$ *ur* ( ,s4 ,dom5ico4 ,?is f9e ,romanesque /ructure is ent]$ by a flight ( /eps at ! we/ end2 x is built ov] a massively con/ruct$ crypt1 n[ us$ z a gran>y4 ,! mighty ar*es ( ?is crypt su/a9 "p ( ! *ur*1 b x does n ext5d b5ea? ! :ole ( ! fabric4 ,"o ( ! num]\s ar*$ gateways :i* are to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! city int]v5es betwe5 x & ! little buttress$ dwell+ und]nea? ! ea/ end4 ,f ?is rises ! solid campanile4 ,an arcade runs r\nd ! :ole *ur*4 ,?is good feature is compos$ ( r\nd ar*es1 conta9+ small r\nd-head$ lights4 ,! out] memb] ( ea* ar* is f9i%$ by a broad1 flat1 squ>e billet1 ! inn] has a cable patt]n4 ,above is a drip/one & /r+-c\rse4 ,saturday sees ! piazza cr[d$ ) c\ntry folk1 & x !n pres5ts a busy sc5e4 ,all ! re/ ( ! week x is sil5t & des]t$4 ,i 0 !re ) my sket*-book "o aft]noon4 ,a ?und]/orm 0 roll+ ab\t 9 ! hills4 ,! air 0 *>g$ ) di/urb+ electricity4 ,swifts flew scream+ r\nd ! ru9$ *ur*4 ,a ke/rel up 9 ! batt]$ old t[] cri$ to h] "y4 ,! /orm crept ne>]4 ,gr& cumuli cl\ds pil$ !mselves high] & high] above ! lightn+-riv5 mass ( ra9-sodd5 blackness bel[4 ,a beautiful swall[-tail butt]fly1 brilliant aga9/ ! deep purple backgr\nd1 came gracefully sail+ across ! squ>e into ! sun%9e4 ,x hov]$1 n[ "h1 n[ !re1 l a _s f ano!r _w seek+ re/ b f9d+ none4 ,little puffs ( w9d /irr$ odd bits ( /raw & pap] ab\t ! piazza4 ,du/ began to eddy r\nd & r\nd4 ,a drop ( ra9 fell on to ! op5 leaves ( my sket*-book4 ,x 0 ! writ+ on ! wall2 s ,i clos$ ! book & hurri$ home4 ,= half an h\r ! heav5s empti$ !mselves on ,orvieto4 ,to me a /age-play ( "s sc5e 9 h] pa/ 0 re-enact$ 9 ! sky2 ! pass+ /orm seem$ s appropriate to ! rugg$ old city4 ,,rome ,) p5 9 h& "o approa*es ! subject ( ! ,et]nal ,city ) great diffid5ce4 ,! m "o's acqua9tance ) h] has rip5$1 ! m does ! attempt to write a *apt] seem a hopeless task4 ,!re are s _m ,romes--,republican ,rome1 ,imp]ial ,rome1 ,rome ( ! ,papal supremacy1 ,*ri/ian ,rome1 ,pagan ,rome2 & !n ,mod]n ,rome1 ) a municipality t is fa/ *ang+ ! face ( ev]y?+4 ,cat]+ = ! t\ri/ 9 ^! days ( *eap transit does mu* to alt] ?+s4 ,9 ! end x w defeat its own object1 & hi/ory w be conta9$ 9 libr>ies & museums only4 ,rome1 l ,london1 is fa/ becom+ cosmopolitan4 ,! p]colo giallo1 or yell[ p]il1 z ! motor po/ 'bus is faceti\sly call$1 ru%es ?r\gh /reets :]e n s long ago solemn processions ( ! ,"m ,*ur* w5d$ _! way4 ,build+ is go+ on at pres5t ) fev]i% ha/e4 ,! boom ( #ahhj1 :i* ru9$ _m ( ! weal?y families :o speculat$ 9 x1 does n seem to h act$ z a det]r5t to o!rs4 ,! great b\lev>d project$ by ! p[]s t be1 sl[ly gr[s 9 l5g?4 ,despite ! outcry aga9/ su* v&alism1 an area t might disclose & yield up unkn[n ar*ological treasures if prop]ly excavat$ is be+ levell$ 9 ! sacr$ names ( sanitation & opportunism6 ,! picturesque dwell+s t l9$ ! banks ( ,rome's fam\s riv] h disappe>$1 & ! yell[ wat]s ( ! hi/oric ,tib] ru% along betwe5 massive walls ( /one4 ,is x possible amid all ^! rapid *anges to realise :at ,rome has be5 & is /ill8 ,no1 n on any ( h] sev5 hills1 n 9 h] /reets1 nor on h] riv] embankm5ts1 n ev5 9 h] *ur*es1 c ?is n[ be done4 ,no3 to realise ! p[] & maje/y ( ,anci5t ,rome "o mu/ g out into ! ,campagna1 t desolate pla9 9 :i* %e lies4 ,!re1 :]e ! /up5d\s ru9s ( h] great aqu$ucts /ret* away 9 utt] lonel9ess to ! di/ant hills2 !re1 :]e once a prosp]\s p dwelt 9 pl5ty1 & :]e ! only liv+ ?+s likely to be se5 n[ are a /atuesque goa!rd & 8 nibbl+ flock--!re1 "o may ga!r an idea ( ! might ( anci5t ,rome4 ,by ,hadrian's ,wall1 :i* cuts ! ,bord]l& ( ,engl&1 "o may d ! same2 & !re are none ( h] ru9$ outpo/s1 ea/ or we/1 :]e h] maje/y is n m app>5t ?an 9 ! ,et]nal ,city h]self4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,! ,,palat9e1 ,,rome ,up on ! ,palat9e1 close to ! trees t are se5 9 ! sket* ( ! ,clovis ,victori1 ! ,etruscan wall ( ! fir/ ,rome is n[ 9 c\rse ( excavation4 ,up !re1 too1 are ! rema9s ( ! fir/ wall ( ! ,roman city built by ,s]vius ,tullius4 ,9 ! ,via ,m]ulana "p ( a great e>?work ) a moat outside c /ill be se54 ,long aft] ,c>?age _h be5 practically oblit]at$ by h] rival1 ,rome _h ext5d$ s f>1 & attacks f outside became ( s great a dang] to ! inhabitants1 t ,aurelian f\nd x necess>y to build a l9e ( def5ce :i* ! pres5t walls might be said to occupy4 ,f t "t onw>ds ! city grew /eadily to a magnific5ce & p[] :i* has nev] be5 equall$4 ,%e rul$ ! kn[n _w4 ,b x 0 n until ,con/ant9e ! ,great transf]r$ himself & ! seat ( empire to ,byzantium t ! turn+-po9t 9 h] =tunes 0 rea*$4 ,well has ! great emp]or e>n$ t pr\d title6 ,f ,milan he issu$ ! decree :i* gave to ! mu* p]secut$ ,*ri/ians equal rights ) o!r religions2 & ev5 w5t fur!r1 embrac+ ! fai? he _h befri5d$4 ,_m *ur*es lay claim to be ! olde/ f\ndation 9 ,rome4 ,s4 ,pud5ziana is said to be ! *ur* ,s4 ,paul f\nd$ 9 ! h\se ( 8 ,s5ator fri5d ,pud5s4 ,rec5t excavations "u ,s4 ,clem5te h br\ght to light e>ly-,*ri/ian masonry b5ea? ! ,republican & ,imp]ial rema9s1 ov] :i* ! pres5t edifice /&s4 ,s4 ,prisca is ano!r anci5t *ur*2 & tradition attributes ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,lat]ano1 ,s4 ,pietro1 ,s4 ,paolo1 ,s4 ,lor5zo1 ,s4 ,croce 9 ,g]usalem5e1 ,s4 ,agnese1 & ,,ss4 ,pietro e ,m>cell9o to ,con/ant9e's era4 ,! fir/ f\r ( ^!1 ) ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 7 aft]w>ds kn[n z ! ,patri>*al ,*ur*es ov] :i* ! ,pope presid$4 ,) ,s4 ,croce & ,s4 ,seba/iano1 !y became ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,rome4 ,9 !m ! ,pontiff celebrat$ ,high ,mass2 & !y 7 ! pr9cipal *ur*es :i* drew pilgrims f ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ^! sev5 ! high alt> pres5ts its back to ! congregation1 = ,8 ,hol9ess celebrates ,mass ) 8 face to ! wor%ipp]s4 ,! ,papal supremacy really ow$ its f\ndation to ,gregory ! ,great4 ,b x 0 n until two hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 decease1 :5 on ,*ri/mas ,day ( ! ye> #hjj1 ,*>lemagne 0 cr[n$ by ,leo ,,iii41 t ! ,holy ,roman ,empire became an accompli%$ fact4 ,un=tunately = ,anci5t ,rome ! ,c>lov+ian p]iod 0 "o ( demolition & plund]4 ,*ri/ian zeal c>$ n\ght = ! beauty ( pagan build+s1 & _m an "o 0 pull$ d[n & a *ur* erect$ ) ! mat]ial4 ,x 0 lat] on h[ev]1 9 ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance1 t columns & m>ble ( e sort 7 us$ = ! adornm5t ( ! num]\s sacr$ edifices :i* sprang up4 ,:at 0 n want$ 9 con/ruction 0 gr\nd d[n to make lime4 ,b&+ iron1 clamps1 bronzes1 & e description ( metal t 0 f\nd 7 ?r[n into furnaces & melt$ d[n4 ,no?+ t c\ld be made use ( = build+ mat]ial 0 sp>$4 ,! ,*ur* c\ld nev] =get ! p]secution %e _h und]gone1 nor ! ?\s&s ( m>tyrs :o _h di$ = ! ,fai?4 ,is x a matt] = surprise !n--a surprise "o mu/ add m+l$ ) great regret--t ! glori\s build+s ( anci5t ,rome h almo/ disappe>$8 ,:i*ev] ( all ,rome's *ur*es 0 f\nd$ fir/1 !re is no disput+ ! fact t ! huge fabric :i* occupies "o side ( ! ,piazza di ,s4 ,pietro is ! mo/ fam\s ,*ri/ian edifice 9 ! _w4 ,b]n9i's be/ "w1 ! gr& colonnades on two sides ( ! squ>e lead up 9 spl5did curves to ! great faade ( ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,b1 s great is ! size ( ! build+1 s f> set back ! dome1 t x is impossible to realise ! imm5sity ( ei!r f any po9t ( view 9 ! piazza4 ,! fir/ *ur* 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #ij at ! place :]e s _m m>tyrs _h suff]$ dea? dur+ ! "t ( ! tyrant ,n]o4 ,! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e comm5c$ aft]w>ds ! erection ( a basilica on ?is spot1 ! faade ( :i* ,raphael has h&$ d[n 9 8 fresco ( ! ,inc5dio del ,borgo4 ,:5 ,julian della ,rov]e became ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 he wantonly ord]$ ! de/ruction ( ! *ur* z x !n /ood4 ,?is 0 done to make way = a great] ) :i* 8 own "n w\ld be = ev] connect$2 & he employ$ ,bramante to design ! new ca!dral4 ,h&s once m 7 laid on ! build+s ( anci5t ,rome & ! con/ruction 0 begun f its ru9s4 ,except = "s ( ! columns1 ! :ole ( ! m>ble "w ( ,s4 ,pet]'s 01 up to ! comm5cem5t ( la/ c5tury1 ab/ract$ f ! same s\rce4 ,bramante's designs 7 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,! _m alt]ations to :i* !y 7 subject$ aft] 8 dea? l$ to great dissatisfaction1 & 9 ! end ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 consult$4 ,all he c\ld d 0 to res]ve z mu* z possible ( ! great ar*itect's gr\nd plan1 & ?is is1 except = ! l5g!n+ ( ! nave & ! addition ( ! faade1 z ! great ca!dral /&s to-day4 ,! imm5se trav]t9e columns ( ! faade =m "p ( a portico :i* is ov] two hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,above ! columns runs an inscription record+ t x 0 put up by ! ,borghese ,pontiff1 ,paul ,v4 ,a balu/rade1 brok5 by p$e/als1 surm\nts ! cymatium2 on ! p$e/als are extra-colossal figures ( ! ,savi\r 79 ! c5tre7 & ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,at ei!r end are gr\ps ( b>roque angels surr\nd+ a circle ov] :i* is ! ,papal ,mitre4 ,9 "o ( ^! circles !re is a timepiece4 ,! ceil+ ( ! portico is a f9e example ( /ucco "w4 ,!re are five doors :i* op5 into ! build+4 ,! c5tral is ( bronze & "o ( ! few ?+s sp>$ by ! de/roy] ,julius :5 he demoli%$ ! old basilica4 ,! doors next to ?is are ^? by :i* "o ent]s ! *ur*4 ,9 ,m>* #aiaj ! old & v unhygi5ic lea!r flaps 7 remov$1 & glaz$ sw+-doors h tak5 _! place4 ,! ,porta ,santa1 or door at ! nor? end ( ! portico1 is wall$ up4 ,x 0 only op5$ = ! purpose ( celebrat+ a ,jubilee1 & has be5 clos$ s9ce #ahbe4 ,_m & repeat$ visits are necess>y to ,s4 ,pet]'s be=e ! size ( ! va/ int]ior c be 9 any way grasp$4 ,x is only :5 "o is accu/om$ to ! scale ( ! little human figures walk+ ab\t & _! insignificance 9 proportion to ! :ole1 t ! imm5se height ( ev5 ! ,cor9?ian pila/]s ( ! pi]s becomes app>5t4 ,! ro( is vault$1 c(f]$ & gild$4 ,x is support$ by f\r pi]s on ea* side ( ! nave4 ,! floor is ( col\r$ m>ble1 & has ! measurem5ts ( ! great *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom let 9 ) brass at ! spot :]e ea* w\ld end if measur$ f ! ea/4 ,j inside ! c5tral bronze door is a slab ( porphyry ^u :i* ! emp]ors 7 cr[n$4 ,at ! base ( ea* pi]1 z well z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! *ur*1 ! colossal /atues ( ! f\nd]s ( diff]5t religi\s ,ord]s f9d a place4 ,! la/ pi] on ! "r has a bronze figure ( ,s4 ,pet] seat$1 "o foot ( :i* is p>tially worn away by ! lips ( devotees4 ,! dome gr[s upw>ds f f\r massive buttresses4 ,ni*es above _! bases conta9 figures ( ,,ss4 ,long9us1 ,&rew1 ,hel5a1 & ,v]onica1 :o holds ! napk9 ) ! impress ( ! ,savi\r's ,face4 ,"u ! dome is ! ,confessio ( ,s4 ,pet]1 to rea* :i* a d\ble flight ( /eps leads d[n4 ,eighty-n9e lamps = ev] burn on ! balu/rade :i* encloses ! well ( ! entrance2 & doors ( gild$ bronze %ut (f ! ni*e 9 :i* ! s>cophagus ( ! ,apo/le re/s4 ,so>+ high up on f\r bronze columns n9ety-f\r feet f ! floor1 ! great baldac*9o rises above all4 ,b s imm5se is ! space "u ! dome t "o has no idea ( ! height x atta9s4 ,x 0 design$ by ,b]n9i1 & is made p>tly ( ! bronze :i* cov]$ ! ro( ( ! ,pan!on4 ,no?+ at all c be said 9 praise ( ,b]n9i's design4 ,! high alt>1 at :i* only ! ,pope celebrates mass1 is above ! ,confessio & directly "u ! cross :i* =ms ! apex ( ?is some:at unsightly mass ( metal4 ,! int]ior decoration ( ! dome is n 9 any way /rik+4 ,above ! f\r /atues ( ! already enum]at$ sa9ts are ! loggie1 conta9+ ! sacr$ relics ( ! lance :i* pi]c$ ! crucifi$ ,savi\r's side1 ! head ( ,s4 ,&rew1 a portion ( ! ,cross1 & ! ,volto-,santo--! napk9 or h&k]*ief ( ,s4 ,v]onica1 :i* wip$ ! ,"l's br[ on ! way to ,calv>y4 ,f\r mosaics ( ! ,evangeli/s are b5ea? ! frieze :i* c>ries ! drum ( ! dome2 & a s]ies ( f\r ea* are betwe5 ! sixte5 gild$ ribs ( ! vault+4 ,9 ! tribune at ! ea/ end ( ! ca!dral is ! anci5t wood5 episcopal *air ( ,s4 ,pet]4 ,among/ o!r celebrat$ ?+s :i* ,s4 ,pet]'s conta9s is ! ,piet ( ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! ,capella della ,piet4 ,! great sculptor has inscrib$ 8 "n on ! girdle ( ! ,virg9--! only occasion on :i* he has done s4 ,op5+ out f ?is *apel is ano!r1 9 :i* is a column1 said to be t aga9/ :i* ,*ri/ lean$ :5 prea*+ 9 ! ,temple at ,j]usalem4 ,adjac5t to ?is is ! tomb ( ! great ,c\ntess ,matilda by ,b]n9i4 ,! tombs & monum5ts ( _m ,popes are to be f\nd 9 o!r *apels1 b none ( !m possess any real arti/ic m]it4 ,! be/ is t ( ,aless&ro ,f>nese1 ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 ,x is by ,guglielmo della ,porta1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ exp5sive to erect4 ,9 ! crypt1 :i* is divid$ into two p>ts1 ! ,grotte ,vec*ie1 & ! ,grotto ,nuovo1 are ! s>cophagi & fragm5ts ( s>cophagi ( _m o!r ,popes1 among !m be+ t ( ,ni*olas ,breakspe>e1 ! only ,engli%man :o ev] atta9$ ! dignity4 ,! s>cophagus ( ,s4 ,pet]1 already m5tion$1 is 9 ! ,confessio1 or %r9e ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 :i* is ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold & /udd$ ) jewels4 ,9 ! ,/anza ,capitol>e1 :i* is "p ( ! sacri/y1 are "s remnants f ! bru% ( ,giotto t at "o "t adorn$ ! walls ( ! old ,confessio4 ,! treasury conta9s a wond]ful collection ( jewell$ crucifixes & c&elabra4 ,among ! latt] is to be f\nd ! "w ( ,cell9i & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! fam\s sac]dotal robe kn[n z ! ,dalmatica di ,papa ,san ,leone1 & said to be t us$ at ! coronation ( ,*>lemagne1 is also kept "h4 ,ap>t f its sacr$ int]e/1 ! great ca!dral ( ,s4 ,pet]'s _c be said to raise any feel+s o!r ?an wond]m5t at its size & admiration = its gr& proportions4 ,! ext]ior is disappo9t+1 & _m & _m a visit mu/ be paid to ! int]ior be=e wond]m5t rea*es admiration4 ,j z x is possible to ga9 ! be/ impression ( ! p[] ( anci5t ,rome outside ,rome itself1 s does "o grasp ! size ( ! mighty fabric only :5 "s miles away 9 ! c\ntry beyond ! walls4 ,climb ! l[] slopes ( ! hills ne> ,tivoli or ,frascati1 & :at does "o see8 ,app>5tly a level pla91 out ( :i* rises f> away a m>vell\s dome4 ,f ,tivoli1 especially1 "o sees no?+ ( ! city on ! ,sev5 ,hills4 ,! l9e ( fir-trees beyond ,monte ,m>io is visible1 & maybe1 ! aft]noon sun %9+ on ! di/ant ,m$it]ranean4 ,b save = ! great dome !re is no?+ to indicate to ! eye t ! ,et]nal ,city lies well )9 ! range ( vision4 ,yet 9 ,rome itself1 ?\gh x is p>adoxical to say s1 ! dome ( ,s4 ,pet]'s 9 no way dom9ates any?+1 albeit t x rises above ev]y?+ else4 ,! enorm\s monum5t 9 c\rse ( erection on ! ,capitol9e appe>s bigg]4 ,ea* ( ! sev5 hills seems to be ( great] altitude4 ,b ! =m] is n s l>ge1 & ! latt] d n rea* ! same height4 ,?us1 ! great *ur* holds h] own--b1 physically z well z spiritually1 "o mu/ g outside ,rome to realise ?is4 ,to return to anci5t times1 we f9d an absorb+ly int]e/+ l9k ) pre-,*ri/ian days sculptur$ on "o ( ! panels :i* decorate ! int]ior ( ! ,ar* ( ,titus4 ,! ,via ,sacra pass$ "u ?is ar*1 :i* 0 erect$ to commemorate ! tak+ ( ,j]usalem4 ,! panel 9 "q has figur$ on x 9 bas-relief a procession be>+ ! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick & tab]nacle :i* 7 spoils f ! ,jewi% ,temple4 ,?is is ! only kn[n mat]ial pro( exi/+ ( ! =m] object1 & may !re=e be ju/ly said to be ( surpass+ ecclesia/ical int]e/4 ,?r\gh ! ar*way "o sees ! half-ru9$ walls ( ! ,colosseum1 ! greate/ amphi!atre 9 ! _w4 ,?is1 too1 is ( int5se religi\s int]e/4 ,9 ! ar5a hundr$s ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrs 7 torn to pieces by wild bea/s1 or but*]$ to fill ! pass+ h\rs ) amusem5t = ! ,roman populace4 ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 consecrat$ ! int]ior aft] erect+ gates outside to pres]ve x f ! demolition :i* up to 8 day _h be5 go+ on = c5turies4 ,small *apels 7 also =m$ among/ ! l[] /ructural ar*es1 & s]vices held :]e once ! walls res\nd$ to ! %\ts ( blood?ir/y spectators4 ,close by ! ,colosseum is ano!r f9e ar*way1 ! ,ar* ( ,con/ant9e4 ,?is likewise1 has an int]e/ ap>t f its design4 ,x 0 put up :5 ! great emp]or decl>$ himself 9 fav\r ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! dev\t may pond] ov] ! fact t ^! two ar*es1 s closely connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 are /ill /&+1 :ile ne>ly e o!r has long s9ce be5 raz$ to ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,titus1 ,,rome ,away to ! s\?-ea/ ( ^! ?ree build+s ! ,"m ,*ur* ( ,rome is situat$ close to ! city walls4 ,"h1 on ris+ gr\nd1 ov]look+ ! va/ ,campagna1 /&s ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,lat]ano1 omnium urbis et orbis ecclesi>um mat] et caput4 ,d$icat$ orig9ally to ,*ri/ ! ,savi\r1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! six? c5tury to ,s4 ,john1 ?is f9e basilica is ( mu* great]1 ar*ological int]e/ ?an ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,! pres5t build+ dates f ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,all t rema9s ( ! once atta*$ ,b5$ict9e mona/]y is to be f\nd 9 ! v beautiful cloi/]s1 :i* are a transition betwe5 ,romanesque & ,go?ic4 ,! *ur* itself has a f9e ea/]n faade--x ori5tates to ! we/--( five ar*es ) an int]v5+ gall]y4 ,9 ! atrium is a /atue ( ,con/ant9e f\nd 9 8 ,!rm4 ,! int]ior ( ! basilica is simple1 ) a v good opus ,alex&r9um floor4 ,! aisles are d\ble1 & are sep>at$ f ! nave by elev5 bays on ea* side4 ,colossal /atues ( ,apo/les & ,prophets f9d places at ! bases ( ! pill>s4 ,! transepts & tribune are rais$ above ! body ( ! *ur*4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ! high alt> is situat$ "u an ornate ,go?ic canopy4 ,?is conta9s a tab]nacle1 erect$ p>tly at ! exp5se ( ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france1 to receive ! bu/s ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul :i* 7 f\nd amid/ ! ru9s ( ! old] *ur*4 ,a few ye>s ago ! tribune 0 ext5d$ & beautifully inlaid ) mosaic c>ry+ out a design ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,mi*ael ,angelo is said to h design$ ! flat ceil+ ( ! nave1 & !re is a wood5 figure ( ,s4 ,john by ,donatello 9 ! sacri/y4 ,9 ! ,piazza di ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,lat]ano /&s a build+ t conta9s ! ,scala ,santa1 a flight ( /eps f ,pilate's palace 9 ,j]usalem1 :i* ,*ri/ is said to h asc5d$4 ,!y are cov]$ ) wood1 & may only be asc5d$ on ! knees4 ,light ent]s ?r\gh b>r$ w9d[s1 & p>tly illum9es ! solemn gloom ( ?is deeply int]e/+ place4 ,at ! top ( ! /airs is ! ,sancta ,sanctorum1 on ! ar*itrave above :i* is engrav$ 9 ,lat93 ,!re is n a place 9 ! :ole _w m holy4 ,?is 0 ! old *apel ( ! ,popes & ! only "p ( ! ,pontifical palace t ! fire ( #acjh did n consume4 ,! pres5t ,palazzo del ,lat]ano 0 built on "p ( ! site ( t :i* ?is fire de/roy$4 ,! old palace 0 ! resid5ce ( ! ,popes f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e until _! migration to ,avignon4 ,! build+ t n[ enjoys ! above title is a museum1 :]e9 are _m f9e pieces ( pagan sculpture z well z o!r int]e/+ antiquities4 ,! bapti/]y ( ! ,lat]an /&s to ! we/ ( ! basilica4 ,! int]ior ( ?is octagonal build+ is simple b n well light$4 ,eight porphyry columns support an antique ar*itrave2 & eight small] columns ( m>ble rise f ?is & support ! dome4 ,! font is 9 ! c5tre ( ! floor1 :i* is l[] ?an ! pavem5t ne> ! walls4 ,x is ( gre5 basalt1 & is suppos$ to be t 9 :i* ! ,anglo-,saxon k+ ,ca$walla 0 baptis$ 9 ! ye> #fhi4 ,ri5zi ba!d 9 x ! night be=e he summon$ ! ,pope & ! ,electors ( ,g]many to appe> be=e him = judgm5t4 ,ano!r & m magnific5t basilica is t ( ,s4 ,paolo fuori1 :i* is situat$ two miles out ( ,rome on ! ,via ,o/ia4 ,x is ! gr&e/ ( ! _m basilicas ,rome possesses4 ,con/ant9e erect$ a tropum1 or sepul*ral monum5t ov] ! spot :]e ,luc9a buri$ ! apo/le's body2 & 9 #chf ! ,consul ,sallu/rius by ! ,emp]or's ord] began to build ! *ur*1 :i* 0 kn[n z ! ,basilica ,o/i5sis4 ,! little t[n t arose ar\nd ?is sacr$ spot 0 on ! banks ( ! ,tib]1 & f its position 0 subject to raids f ! ,s>ac5s & o!r m>aud]s :o sail$ up ! /ream4 ,john ,,viii4 9 ! n9? c5tury enclos$ ! basilica & mo/ ( ! surr\nd+ build+s )9 a =tifi$ wall4 ,= fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ?is gr& *ur* has _h z v5]at$ a %r9e z ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,! k+s ( ,engl& 7 its protectors until ! ,re=mation sev]$ _! connection ) ! ,roman cre$2 & sov]eigns f all p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom came "h to wor%ip4 ,on ,july #ag1 #ahbc1 ! p9e ro( caught fire & fell into ! nave4 ,! heat f ! sm\ld]+ mass 0 s great t "s ( ! columns split & ! :ole fabric 0 almo/ entirely de/roy$4 ,pius ,,ix4 presid$ at a great function 9 #ahed1 :5 prelates f all ov] ! _w assi/$ at ! consecration ( ! re/or$ build+4 ,eighty monoli?s ( ,simplon granite1 br\ght d[n ,lake ,maggiore to ! riv] ,po & !n by sea up ! ,tib]1 su/a9 ! ro( ( ! nave & aisles4 ,a s]ies ( ,papal portraits =m a frieze above !m4 ,magnific5t columns ( ,egyptian alaba/] pres5t$ by ,mehemet ,ali1 ,vic]oy ( ,egypt1 support ! baldac*9o ov] ! high alt>4 ,! bases ( ^! columns are mala*ite1 & 7 giv5 by ! ,cz> ,ni*olas ( ,russia4 ,_m o!r portions ( ?is noble *ur* 7 giv5 by o!r pr9ces4 ,! dismay & regret at its de/ruction 7 univ]sal4 ,! body ( ,s4 ,paul re/s 9 ! ,confessio b5ea? ! alt>4 ,! v beautiful cloi/]s ( ! old ,b5$ict9e mona/]y1 n[ a b>rack1 vie ) ^? at ,monreale 9 ,sicily1 :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,! noble atrium at ! we/ end ( ! basilica is almo/ complete1 & :5 x is f9i%$ & op5$ out to ! riv]1 ,s4 ,paolo fuori w once m take rank z "o ( ! gr&e/ ecclesia/ical edifices 9 ,italy4 ,among ! o!r basilicas ( ,rome1 ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 or ! ,basilica ,lib]iana1 is ! l>ge/1 & comm&s a f9e position on ! ,esquil9e4 ,s4 ,sab9a on ! ,av5t9e1 t hill :i* is /ill almo/ entirely cov]$ by g>d5s1 is connect$ ) ! ,dom9ican mona/]y t adjo9s x4 ,! *ur* possesses a wond]fully c>v$ wood5 door & an orange tree 9 its c\rt :i* grew f an orange pip t ,s4 ,dom9ic plant$4 ,s4 ,agnese fuori is close to "o ( ! entrances to ! num]\s catacombs4 ,into ?is *ur* e tw5ty-fir/ day ( ,janu>y two lambs are br\ght to be bless$4 ,aft] ! c]emony is ov] !y are pres5t$ to 8 hol9ess at ! ,vatican1 & !n s5t to ! conv5t ( ,s4 ,cecilia-,tra/ev]e4 ,"h ! good nuns weave _! wool into palliums1 :i* are subsequ5tly worn by diff]5t metropolitans ( ! *ur*4 ,! only ,go?ic *ur* 9 ,rome is t ( ,s4 ,m>ia sopra ,m9]va4 ,x conta9s ! tomb-slab ( ,fra ,angelico1 ^: face1 r5d]$ 9 m>ble1 has a v sad & r au/]e look4 ,! int]ior ( ! *ur* is m>ble1 & x _c be said t ?is poli%$ %9+ surface is desirable = ! l9es ( a ,go?ic build+4 ,n f> f ,s4 ,m>ia is ! mo/ p]fect pagan edifice 9 all ,rome--! ,pan!on4 ,"h aga9 we h a hea!n fabric t aft]w>ds became a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,boniface ,,iv4 consecrat$ ! temple1 t ,m>cus ,agrippa _h built m ?an six hundr$ ye>s previ\sly1 to ,s4 ,m>ia ad ,m>tyres4 ,sixte5 huge columns ( ori5tal granite =m ! portico1 & ! anci5t bronze doors /ill rema94 ,! int]ior is a magnific5t rotunda light$ by a circul> ap]ture 9 ! c5tre ( ! c(f]$ dome4 ,aga9/ ! walls1 9 recesses1 re/ ! s>cophagi ( ,raphael & o!r pa9t]s4 ,"h too1 sleep+ 8 la/ long sleep1 lies ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel ,,ii41 to :om all ,italians owe s mu*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4,s4 ,,tr9it ,,de' ,,monti1 ,,rome ,! *ur* be/ kn[n to =eign]s is und\bt$ly t :i* figures 9 ! illu/ration1 ,s4 ,tr9it de' ,monti4 ,!re is no?+ ab\t ! *ur* itself to call = comm5t2 b its f9e position1 above ! beautifully arrang$ /eps1 9 ! middle ( :at may be call$ ! =eign qu>t]1 makes x wor?y ( note4 ,close by is ! ,villa ,m$ici1 ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,rome4 ,at ! base ( ! /eps is ! fl[] m>ket4 ,until rec5tly ,italians _h a great objection to cut fl[]s 9 _! rooms--!y 7 suppos$ to be unheal?y4 ,?r\gh =eign influ5ce ?is is sl[ly giv+ way1 & ! m>ket is z mu* patronis$ by ! ,romans z by ! resid5ts ( o!r nationalities4 ,n _m ye>s ago ! foot ( ^! /eps us$ to be ?rong$ e morn+ by arti/s' models1 :o1 9 ! picturesque g>b ( _! native di/ricts1 sat "h wait+ = a day's hire4 ,! few :o /ill d ?is h mov$ (f to ! /eps ( ! ,greek *ur* 9 ! ,via del ,babu9o1 & ! flav\r ( ! ,campagna & ! m\nta9s !y gave to ! ,piazza di ,spagna is n[ a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,ev]y?+ *anges1 ev]y?+ passes away4 ,! gaily col\r$ co/umes ( ! cioci>e1 ! peasants f ! di/ricts betwe5 ,rome & ,naples--s-call$ f ! cioce or s&al !y we>--is n[ nev] se54 ,! exagg]at$ dress ( ! fl[] sell]s1 :o pe/] ! =eign] to buy little fad$ nosegays1 is simply worn = ! purpose ( extract+ soldi & z a subt]fuge = begg+4 ,away up 9 ! m\nta9s beyond ,tivoli are two villages1 ,s>ac5esco & ,articoli4 ,?\gh !y are adjac5t ! dialect ( ! inhabitants is diff]5t4 ,!re is a deadly feud betwe5 !m4 ,!y bo? provide ! arti/ 9 ,rome ) models4 ,^? :o come f ! la/ nam$ pose = ! figure1 b ^? f ,s>ec5esco w only sit drap$4 ,!y /ill provide ! wet-nurses = ,roman babies2 = ! physique ( ^! ,sab9e villag]s is v f9e1 z f9e p]haps z 9 ! days :5 ! ,sab9e wom5 7 c>ri$ (f by ,roman y\?s4 ,beyond ! ,villa ,m$ici lie ! beautiful g>d5s ( ! ,p9cio4 ,f ! t]race at ! end1 on ! br[ ( ! hill1 "o gets ! fam\s view ( ,rome4 ,! %ady walks & well-kept drives ( ^! not$ g>d5s1 & ^? ( ! adjo9+ ,villa ,borghese1 are ! fav\rite r5dezv\s 9 ! ev5+ = ,roman society4 ,we mu/ leave ?is beautiful pleasaunce & dive d[n into ! labyr9? ( /reets bel[4 ,no?+ probably /rikes "o s mu* on a fir/ visit to ! ,et]nal ,city z ! numb] ( f\nta9s & obelisks t are to be f\nd 9 :i*ev] direction a morn+'s walk takes "o4 ,rome is ! be/ suppli$ ( any capital 9 ! _w ) wat]1 & ?\gh %e has n ! ?irte5 ?\s& odd f\nta9s record$ by ,c>d9al ,mai 9 ! ye> #aedj1 ^? t rema9 /ill fl[ unceas+ly4 ,! ,aqua ,virgo br\ght into ,rome by ,agrippa to supply 8 !rm at ! back ( ! ,pan!on ru%es a nev]-fail+ supply into ! huge ,fontana di ,trevi4 ,"o may sometimes see a ,roman ( ! poor] class dr9k+ furtively f ! bas9 into :i* ! wat] runs1 dr9k+ because he is leav+ 8 native city & wi%es to assure a safe return4 ,! ,fontana del ,tritone is =m$ by dolph9s1 ^: tails meet to support ! coat-(-arms ( ! ,b>b]9i--! f9e ,palazzo ,b>b]9i is close by--& is surm\nt$ by a ,triton hold+ a con* %ell to 8 m\?4 ,9 q ano!r di/rict1 d[n by ! riv] hidd5 away amid/ ! n>r[ /reets ( ! ,ghetto1 is ! little ,piazza ,t>t>uga4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is *>m+ little squ>e /&s ! ,fontana delle ,t>t>uga4 ,! design ( ?is beautiful ,f\nta9 ( ! ,tortoises has be5 attribut$ to ,raphael4 ,x is c]ta9ly wor?y ( 8 great "n4 ,! bronze figures ( ! f\r y\?s support+ ! bas9 ( ! f\nta9 are exceptionally good4 ,) "o h& ea* grasps ! tail ( a dolph91 ! o!r is rais$ above _! heads to assi/ ! /ruggles ( ! little bronze tortoises t are endeav\r+ to crawl ov] ! slipp]y wet lip ( ! b[l4 ,! ,fontana ,la ,b>cassia1 9 ! ,piazza di ,spagna1 a corn] ( :i* is se5 9 ! sket* ( ,s4 ,tr9it de' ,monti1 is no d\bt bett] kn[n ?an ! la/ nam$1 b !re is no public f\nta9 9 ,rome t approa*es 9 any way ! arti/ic m]it ( ,! ,tortoises4 ,x is b a /ep f ?is to ! gloomy look+ ,palazzo ,c5ci1 :i* recalls ! trag$y ( ,beatrice ( t "n4 ,ano!r pace fur!r on & we f9d ourselves 9 a rec5tly cle>$ space ) ! new ,jewi% ,synagogue /&+ close to ! riv] ,embankm5t4 ,"h 0 situat$ ! old ,ghetto ( ,rome1 a qu>t] :i* is be+ fa/ demoli%$4 ,"o c]ta9ly _c regret ! disappe>ance ( "s ( ! abom9able slums t n s long ago /ood :]e ! h\sebreak]'s pick & %ovel h be5 at "w4 ,x 0 b a few y>ds f ! synagogue t ! sket* ( ! ,isle ( ,s4 ,b>?olomew & ! old ,roman ,pons ,fabricius 0 made4 ,s4 ,b>tolommeo is ! only isl& on ! ,tib] 9 its c\rse ?r\gh ,rome2 & ! picturesque build+s ( ! old mona/]y are ! only build+s left1 :i* ! yell[ riv] wa%es1 ( all ^? t less ?an ?irty ye>s ago l9$ its banks4 ,!re is a diff]5t air ab\t ! ,tra/ev]e di/rict across ! wat]4 ,x is ano!r city altoge!r ?an ! "o left beh9d on ! o!r bank4 ,! =eign] is n s mu* 9 evid5ce1 we are once aga9 9 ,italy4 ,m\nt ! /eep asc5t ( ! ,janiculum1 & f ! wide space 9 front ( ! colossal eque/rian /atue ( ,g>ibaldi y w get a gr& view ( ,rome1 ) ! ,campagna & ,alban m\nta9s beyond4 ,f ! top ( ! hill1 z "o turns nor?w>ds1 we seem on a level ) ,s4 ,pet]'s great dome4 ,"o is puzzl$ once aga91 :5 rememb]+ h[ x really t[]s above all1 to f9d t x is n ( mu* significance 9 ! view4 ,no?+ ( c\rse is se5 ( ! ,vatican1 :i* is situat$ on ! o!r side ( ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( ! ,ca!dral1 h[ev]1 !re is j visible ! corn] :i* adjo9s x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,isle ,,( ,s4 ,,b>tolomeo1 ,,rome ,! ,vatican is ! l>ge/ ,palace 9 ! _w & conta9s ! va/e/ & mo/ het]og5e\s collection ( all4 ,x is q impossible to enum]ate a t5? ( ! treasures hidd5 beh9d its o*re-col\r$ walls4 ,nei!r c "o ent] "h into any description ( ! ,si/9e *apel ) ,mi*ael ,angelo's ma/]piece1 or ,raphael's magnific5t frescoes 9 ! ,/anze & ,loggie4 ,we mu/ pass ov] ! fam\s picture gall]y & ! antiquities 9 ! ,museo ,pio-,clem5t9o & ! ,museo ,*i>amonti1 simply rem>k+ t ! ,vatican ,museums hold ! f9e/ collections 9 ! _w4 ,!re is "o antique 9 ! squ>e outside :i* des]ves a pass+ notice1 & t is ! great monoli? ( granite /&+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,piazza di ,s4 ,pietro4 ,if ,rome is a city ( f\nta9s1 x is also a city ( obelisks4 ,?is enorm\s block ( /one 0 br\ght by ,caligula f ,heliopolis & plac$ 9 ! circus ( ,n]o1 :i* occupi$ s mu* ( ! gr\nd on :i* ! great basilica 0 aft]w>ds erect$4 ,eight hundr$ m51 besides _m horses & ov] =ty cranes1 7 requisition$ to elevate x 9 its pres5t position4 ,turn+ away f ! ,vatican & div+ into ! squalid qu>t]s ( ! ,borgo1 "o comes on to ! cov]$ passage :i* ,john ,,xxiii4 comm5c$ to build 9 ord] to af=d a safe mode ( retreat f ! palace to ! ,ca/le ( ,s4 ,angelo4 ,! =tress ( ,s4 ,angelo 0 erect$ by ! ,emp]or ,hadrian z 8 family tomb2 &1 z su*1 its ext]ior 0 p]haps decorat$ ) /atues4 ,! ,emp]or di$ 9 8 villa at ,bai on ! ,bay ( ,naples1 b 8 body 0 br\ght "h1 to be jo9$1 z "t w5t on1 by ! mortal rema9s ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,c>acalla1 & o!rs4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ca/le is ! hi/ory ( ,rome 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x has _m times )/ood a siege1 & among o!r vicissitudes fell be=e ! pr[ess ( ,totila & 8 ,go?s4 ,! s>cophagus ( its f\nd] 0 us$ z ! tomb = ,innoc5t ,,ii41 & its inv]t$ lid n[ =ms ! font 9 ! bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,! /reets 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ca/le h und]gone an absolute *ange4 ,wide ?or\ghf>es & huge blocks ( flats cov] ! gr\nd t a few ye>s ago 0 a huge slum4 ,! new ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice face ! riv]1 & ! embankm5t 9 front is n[ a f9e b\lev>d4 ,we cross ! wat] once m1 by ! ,ponte ,m>gh]ita1 ! bridge :i* is highe/ up ! ,tib]1 & f9d ourselves 9 t f9e squ>e ! ,piazza del ,popolo4 ,above ! beautiful t]races t =m ! precipit\s slope ( ! ,p9cio1 ! trees t adorn ! g>d5s /& out aga9/ ! blue ( ! sky4 ,at ! foot ( ! t]races is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,popolo1 erect$ on ! site ( ! ,domitii tombs1 ! gho/-haunt$ burial place ( ! cruel ,n]o4 ,adjo9+ ! *ur* is a gr& gateway1 ! ,porta del ,popolo4 ,"u its ar*es on ! /raight road t runs nor?1 ! ,via ,flam9ia1 m>*$ out ( ,rome all ^? legions t w5t =? to conqu] & to ext5d ! b\nds ( an ,empire t has se5 no rival4 ,,naples ,! old ,greek colony ( ,p>!nope 0 f\nd$ by settl]s f ,cum1 & :5 ! isl&]s ( ,pi!cus 7,is*ia7 built _! adjo9+ t[n ( ,neapolis1 x became kn[n z ,palopolis4 ,its port 0 :]e ! h>b\r ( ,s4 ,lucia exi/$ up to tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,neapolis occupi$ t "p ( ! pres5t ,naples :i* lies to ! ea/ ( ?is4 ,ab\t #djj ,b4,c4 ! ,republic1 =m$ by ^! two !n unit$ t[ns1 alli$ itself ) ,rome2 & dur+ ! height ( ! ,empire's p[]1 h] rul]s1 /atesm51 & poets built !mselves resid5ces on ! %ores ( ! beautiful bay4 ,augu/us did mu* = ,neapolis1 & ,tib]ius s\ght refuge 9 t entranc+ isl&1 ,capri1 :]e to ?is day 8 infamies are a byword4 ,claudius1 ,n]o1 ,titus1 & ,hadrian1 ^: palace c be se5 "u ! wat]s ( ! blue ,m$it]ranean ne> ,pozzuoli1 h all left traces ( "s sort or o!r 9 & ab\t ,naples4 ,lomb>ds & ,normans1 ,swabians & ,spani>ds 7 ea* 9 turn drawn hi!r1 allur$ by ! beauty ( ! situation4 ,colossal figures 9 m>ble ( ! mo/ fam\s rul]s ( ,naples occupy ni*es on ! faade ( ! ,royal ,palace1 & "h ,rog] ! ,norman1 ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 ! ,swabian1 :o f\nd$ ! univ]sity1 ,*>les ( ,anj\1 ,alfonso ( ,arragon1 ,*>les ,,iii41 ,joa*im ,murat1 & ,victor ,emmanuel ,,ii4 gaze /onily f _! retreats at ! noisy tram & ru%+ motor-c>4 ,! ,spani% ,b\rbons 7 ! la/ to rule 9 ,naples be=e ,italy 0 unit$ t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,!y did mu* to improve ! city b no?+ to help its p4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago !re 7 /ill left memb]s ( ! ari/ocracy :o e ye> j\rney$ to ,p>is to pay _! c\rt to ,francis ,,ii41 ! la/ ( t race ( k+s ^: reign _h end$ at ! disa/r\s battle ( ,gaeta4 ,naples1 l ,rome1 *anges e ye>4 ,mod]n improvem5ts br+ sanitation1 b d away ) all t is picturesque4 ,all ov] ! _w hotels are becom+ a great factor 9 ! life ( ! folk :o h sp>e ca%1 & ,naples1 ) h] spl5did wat] supply & unrivall$ position1 is n beh9d 9 h] eag]ness to cat* ! =eign]'s gold4 ,t\ri/s by ! ?\s& rea* h] by sea1 & ! ent]pris+ ag5ts :o arrange ! it9]>y pop !m into cabs1 drive !m ?r\gh ! /reets1 & deposit !m at ! f>-fam$ ,museum1 :]e !y are hu/l$ f "o gall]y to ano!r by ! any?+ b intellig5t guide4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,museum alone is wor? a visit to ,naples4 ,! a%es f ,mte ,somma :i* smo!r$ ,pompeii1 pres]v$ = subsequ5t ages objects 9 bronze1 9 e>!nw>e1 & 9 glass1 :i* lie 9 _! cases--an op5 book ( ! dome/ic life ( ! ,roman = e "o to read4 ,! great ,f>nese ,h]cules1 br\ght by ,c>acalla f ,a!ns to adorn 8 ba?s 9 ,rome1 is 9 "o ( ! l[] gall]ies4 ,x is )\t exception ! f9e/ illu/ration ( mighty /r5g? 9 repose t exi/s4 ,9 ! days :5 ,glycon ! ,a!nian evolv$ & produc$ ?is ma/]piece1 art 0 ( m acc\nt 9 ! lives ( ! p ?an x is n[1 & s mu* 0 8 ,h]cules appreciat$ & admir$ t x 0 impress$ on ! money ( ,a!ns & ! co9s ( ,c>acalla4 ,among ! _m small /atuettes t ! excavator's %ovel has be5 ! means ( br++ to light is a v beautiful little w+$ figure ( ,victory4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! grace ( ! composition & ! float+-9-air quality ?is small treasure possesses4 ,"o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ,greek bronze "w is ! s-call$ ,n>cissus4 ,a r[ ( bronze /atues f ! !atre at ,pompeii place vividly be=e "o ! actors ( ! ,greek /age1 j z ! arm\r & magnific5t helmets ( ! gladiators br+ ! ar5a & its gory triumphs 9 front ( "o's eyes4 ,b1 l ! t\ri/1 we mu/ hurry on to ! ca!dral4 ,! faade1 approa*$ by /eps f ! n>r[ /reet1 is n 9 any way noticeable4 ,! int]ior reta9s "s ( ! orig9al ,go?ic1 b1 ow+ to e>?quakes1 has be5 alt]$ & re/or$1 & n[ pres5ts itself z a great incongruity to ! eye4 ,! illu/ration w make ?is app>5t4 ,go?ic ar*es =m ! bays ( ! nave4 ,! aisles are also ,go?ic1 & s is ! ar* ov] ! tribune at ! ea/ end4 ,cor9?ian %afts & d>k m>ble pila/]s run up ! squ>e pi]s ( ! nave4 ,at ! base ( ! %afts1 "u classic canopies1 are ! bu/s ( num]\s ar*bi%ops1 & betwe5 ! pi]s are ! confessionals4 ,^! latt] give a ri* note ( br[n1 :i*1 ) ! gild$ c&elabra on ei!r side ( ! bu/s1 f9ds an e*o 9 ! heavy & ri*ly col\r$ ceil+4 ,! vi/a ( ! nor? aisle is ! be/ ar*itectural feature 9 ! build+4 ,! s\? aisle is m>r$ by ! obtrud+ classic columns ( its side *apels4 ,at ! high alt>1 :i* ! illu/ration %[s1 ! blood ( ,s4 ,janu>ius liquefies e ye> on ! anniv]s>y ( ! sa9t's m>tyrdom 9 ,septemb]4 ,! :ole ca!dral is !n cr[d$1 & ! int5se f]v\r & excitem5t ( ! imm5se congregation :5 ! blood1 9 a phial held al(t by ! (ficiat+ prie/1 beg9s to liquefy1 is a sight t once se5 c nev] be =gott54 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,naples ,imm$iately "u ! high alt> 9 ! crypt is ! ,confessio ( ,s4 ,g5n>io4 ,its m>ble ro( is support$ by t5 ,ionic columns4 ,! ri*ly sculptur$ decoration ( ! *apel is v f9e4 ,! figure ( ,c>d9al ,c>affa1 :o built x1 kneels beside ! alt> "u :i* repose ! sa9t's rema9s4 ,"o o!r ?+ ( ar*itectural note is ! ,ar*bi%op's ?rone 9 ! nave4 ,?is good specim5 ( ,go?ic "w is upheld by mo/ elaborately sculptur$ pill>s1 & ar*es ) extremely beautiful trac]y4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ,naples lies r\nd ! ca!dral4 ,n>r[ /reets1 d>k5$ by ! clo!s t hang f balcony & pole1 =m a maze :i* x is easy to w&] into1 b v difficult to escape f4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ ( ! old palaces /& 9 ^! dirty ?or\ghf>es4 ,"o may pass !m a doz5 times & /ill be q unaw>e ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! mov+ cr[d t ?rongs ^! n>r[ /reets does n %[ any p>ticul> reg>d = ! sightse]1 & ! c>eless ,jehu :o drives :i!r he w is absolutely unm9dful ( ! p$e/rian4 ,s if y w\ld explore old ,naples y mu/ look aft] y\rself1 &--z a caution too--look aft] y\r pockets4 ,x is unwise to display a wat* *a91 or to c>ry any?+ t may be easily snat*$ f ! h&4 ,rememb] y are 9 ! mid/ ( exp]t ?ieves & among ! mo/ het]og5e\s race on ! face ( ! globe1 a race )\t ! slighte/ idea ( morals ( any sort :atev]4 ,9 ! tortu\s ,via ,s4 ,biagio /&s a ?irte5?-c5tury palace built by "o ( ! ,c>affa family1 & s9ce kn[n z ! ,palazzo ,santangelo4 ,"s ( ! be/ objects 9 ! ,museum fir/ f\nd a home 9 ?is f9e old h\se4 ,pope1 ,paul ,,iv4 & ! great ,neapolitan c>d9al1 ,c>affa1 7 born 9 ! ,palazzo ,c>affa 9 ! same /reet4 ,! c5tral po/-(fice is n[ h\s$ 9 ! ,palazzo ,grav9a1 built 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by "o ( ! ,ors9i2 & ! great dwell+ ( ! ,monticelli is "o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ! same c5tury4 ,n f> f ! po/-(fice is ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,*i>a4 ,despite ! hide\s s*eme ( decoration :i* has trans=m$ an o!rwise f9e conc]t hall--= ,s4 ,*i>a is m l "o ?an a *ur*--into a curiosity ( bad ta/e1 !re is a great deal ( int]e/ )9 ! fabric4 ,f\nd$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury by ,rob]t ! ,wise1 ! *ur* conta9s 8 monum5t & also o!rs ( ! royal h\se ( ,anj\4 ,! frescoes ) :i* ,giotto adorn$ ! walls h long ago disappe>$1 & if x 7 n = ! royal tombs ,s4 ,*i>a w\ld n be wor? a visit4 ,beh9d ! high alt>1 at ! back ( :i* /airs lead up to a plat=m enabl+ "o to exam9e x1 is ! magnific5t tomb ( ,k+ ,rob]t4 ,! royal s>cophagus re/s on ,go?ic pill>s & is adorn$ by sculptures ( ! k+ & 8 *ildr54 ,8 recumb5t figure lies ext5d$ 9 ! g>b ( a ,franciscan1 :i* ,ord] he ent]$ a few days be=e 8 dea?4 ,above ?is1 "u a canopy1 is 8 figure seat$ on a ?rone & clad 9 royal robes4 ,! beautiful ,go?ic canopy is support$ by sl5d] clu/]$ columns1 ) five r[s ( sa9ts 9 ni*es c>ri$ up to ! base ( ! crocket$ p9nacles t surr\nd ! canopy4 ,rob]t's son ,*>les1 ,duke ( ,calabria1 & ,m>y ( ,valois1 8 second wife1 lie 9 s>cophagi t are upheld by figures ( angels4 ,^! two spl5did tombs are to ! s\? ( ! great k+'s4 ,to ! nor? are ^? ( ,m>y1 ,empress ( ,con/ant9ople1 & ( h] ?ird husb&1 ,philip ( ,t>anto4 ,two ( h] *ildr51 ,agnese & ,clem5tia1 lie also ne> by2 ! =m]1 :o 0 m>ri$ twice1 esp\s$ fir/ly "o ( ! ,scalig]i1 or della ,scala1 ( ,v]ona4 ,to ! "r ( ! high alt> is a *apel adorn$ ) fleur-de-lys1 ! burial place ( ! royal h\se ( ,b\rbon4 ,?is little *apel & ! tombs 9 x lose greatly 9 hi/orical s5tim5t by _! hide\s & g>i% surr\nd+s4 ,s4 ,dom5ico ,maggiore1 ! curi\s ext]ior ( :i* is illu/rat$1 0 orig9ally a noble ,go?ic edifice4 ,! re/or]1 un=tunately1 has alt]$ & add$ to ?is1 & al?\gh ! int]ior plan is mu* ! same z :5 fir/ erect$1 ! t]rible col\rs ) :i* x is cov]$ detract 9 no small measure f its v f9e proportions4 ,! sket* %[s ! ext]ior ( ! five-sid$ apse4 ,! dull yell[ tufa ) :i* x is fac$ & ! embattl$ cornice & buttresses give x a decid$ly ea/]n appe>ance4 ,s4 ,dom5ico may be ent]$ by ! door j visible on ! left1 to rea* :i* "o toils up a long flight ( moss-gr[n /eps4 ,pu% aside ! heavy lea!r flap1 & ! noisy little piazza1 ) all ,naples beyond1 are imm$iately ?+s ( ! remote pa/4 ,y are 9 a beautiful little twelf?-c5tury *apel4 ,its walls are l9$ ) mo/ int]e/+ tomb slabs4 ,note ! %ort figures on ea*4 ,! ,neapolitan is v l[ ( /ature1 & ^! %ort figures1 al?\gh ! tombs are ( ! twelf? & two succe$+ c5turies1 po9t to ! surmise t ! m5 ( ! s\? 7 nev] tall4 ,f ?is *apel "o ent]s ! great *ur* at ! s\? transept4 ,imm$iately on our left is ! sacri/y4 ,"h 9 ! gall]y :i* occupies "o wall are =ty-five burial *e/s1 among :i* t5 hold ! rema9s ( t5 pr9ces & pr9cesses ( ! royal l9e ( ,aragon4 ,^? :i* h be5 id5tifi$ are ,f]d9& ,i4 & ,,ii41 "o ( ! ,dukes ( ,montalto & 8 ,du*ess1 & ,c>d9al ,l\is d',aragona4 ,ano!r conta9s ! husb& ( ! celebrat$ ,vittoria ,colonna1 ! ,m>quis ( ,pesc>a :o defeat$ ,francis ,i4 at ,pavia4 ,!re is some?+ ( int]e/ to be f\nd 9 e *apel 9 ! *ur*4 ,9 "o ( !m is ! crucifix :i* conv]s$ ) ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as :ile he 0 compos+ 8 ,summa ,!ologi4 ,! sa9t's cell may /ill be se51 & also ! room 9 :i* he gave 8 addresses :5 lectur] 9 ! univ]sity t 0 )9 ! walls ( ! adjo9+ mona/]y4 ,! high alt>1 rais$ well above ! /eps ( ! *oir1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable specim5s ( ,flor5t9e inlay 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x has ! curi\s adjuncts ( a recess$ seat on ei!r side1 & two v f9e m>ble c&elabra4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,dom5ico ,,maggiore1 ,,naples ,^! are b ?ree ( ! ?ree hundr$ *ur*es ,naples possesses4 ,climb ! hill ( ! ,mte ,calv>i cr[n$ by ! ,ca/el ,sant' ,elmo & look out f ! ,belv$]e 9 ! suppress$ ,c>?usian mona/]y ( ,s4 ,m>t9o4 ,try to c\nt ! t[]s1 domes1 & spires /&+ out f ! c>pet ( ro(s bel[4 ,y w be fatigu$ be=e y h rea*$ ! second hundr$4 ,p]haps ! magnific5t prospect ov] ! blue bay1 ) ,isola da ,capri & ! ,punta ,campanella 9 ! di/ance1 ! ,sorr5t9e p59sula & ! wond]ful %ape ( ,vesuvius on ! left1 w di/ract y\r ari?metic4 ,at any rate ! c\nt+ ( ! *ur*es is n wor? ! tr\ble :5 su* a glori\s view lies be=e "o4 ,beyond ! g>d5--! old mona/ic g>d51 h[ ! monks mu/ h revell$ 9 x6--& beyond ! ro(s bel[1 ! ,ca/el dell' ,ovo juts out into ! bay4 ,to ! left ( x1 %ipp+ ( all nationalities rides ! wat] along ! quays ne> ! ,ars5al & royal palace4 ,! funnels ( huge l9]s /& up amid/ a =e/ ( ma/s beyond ! ,immacolatella 9 a f9e sweep to ! ,rione ,m>gh]ita di ,savoia4 ,coa/+ boats ) sails l butt]flies skim ! wat]4 ,d[n 9 ! h>b\r all is animation2 b s f> are we above x t n a s\nd breaks ?r\gh ! di/ant hum to enable u to di/+ui% any "o p>ticul> note4 ,! cloi/]s ( ,s4 ,m>t9o are v beautiful4 ,sixte5 :ite m>ble ,doric columns =m ! arcade on ea* ( ! f\r sides4 ,! cells ( ! dep>t$ monks are %ut n[ & ! holes ?r\gh :i* _! food 0 pass$1 brick$ up4 ,! walls are :ite2 ! classic well-head 9 ! c5tre ( ! g>d5 is :ite & s are its /eps4 ,! little burial gr\nd 9 "o corn] ( ! c\rt has a :ite m>ble balu/rade on :i* are v reali/ic :ite m>ble skulls4 ,ev]y?+ gleams :ite 9 ?is quiet c\rt1 & ! deep blue ( ! s\!rn sky int5sifies x all4 ,= a pa9t] x is a r>e /udy1 b p]haps n s f9e an "o z ,i once saw ye>s ago4 ,x 0 9 ,janu>y1 sn[ _h fall5 = two or ?ree days--ev5 ,capri 0 cov]$--:5 ) a fri5d ,i walk$ up to ! ,c>?usian mona/]y ( ,camaldoli4 ,we rea*$ x j z ! fall :i* _h be5 go+ on all day ceas$4 ,a ?ick :ite c>pet ( fre% untrodd5 sn[ lay r\nd u4 ,! :ite mona/]y walls look$ dull4 ,we rang at ! gate1 a :ite g>b$ monk op5$ x4 ,we 7 9 a :ite c\rty>d surr\nd$ by :ite walls1 & a l9e ( :ite monks mov$ sl[ly t[>ds ! *apel4 ,ev]y?+ 0 :ite4 ,b :at a subtlety 9 ! di/9ction ( ! col\r6 ,only ! sky 0 grey1 & t su* a beautiful pe>ly tone4 ,i "q if pigm5t ev5 9 a ma/]'s h& c\ld h fai?fully reproduc$ ! sc5e4 ,naples 0 v diff]5t 9 ^? days4 ,s4 ,lucia exi/$ !n4 ,n[ ! old h>b\r is fill$ up & mod]n hotels /& :]e frail wood5 pi]s ran out into ! wat]4 ,f ^! spid]-l /ructures oy/]s hung d[n 9 baskets fructify+ 9 ! outlet ( ! ma9 sew]6 ,s4 ,lucia 0 surpass+ly picturesque & gay ) ! life ( ! l[e/ class1 b--surpass+ly odorif]\s4 ,/alls l9$ ! pavem5ts4 ,fi% ( all sorts1 cool+ dr9ks1 lemons1 oranges1 e description ( fruit1 7 display$ 9 ! %ade ( multi-col\r$ awn+s4 ,lazz>oni lay /ret*$ all day long on ! sea wall1 or slept on ! foot-ways propp$ aga9/ ! h\ses4 ,dome/ic toilettes p]=m$ out ( doors 9 ! /reet nev] excit$ rem>k4 ,& ! h\ses !mselves1 :at a blaze ( %ift+ col\r :5 ! w9d /irr$ ! %eets & clo?+ hung out to dry f a hundr$ balconies6 ,all is *ang$4 ,! sewage is c>ri$ out to sea "r away at ,cum4 ,!re are no m oy/]s at ,s4 ,lucia2 !re is no long] a ,s4 ,lucia1 b ) its disappe>ance ,naples has lo/ its mo/ unique attraction4 ,away at ! end ( ! ,*iaia1 pa/ ! celebrat$ ,m>9e ,aqu>ium1 ! hill ( ,posillipo rises above ! little fi%+ h>b\r ( ,m]gell9a4 ,a tram w c>ry y swiftly r\nd ! corn] & along an uphill road f :i* y w obta9 _m delightful views4 ,!re is no?+ on ! ,rivi]a to equal ! position ( "s ( ! f9e villas :i* l9e ?is road4 ,beautiful gr\nds run d[n to ! sea4 ,exotic plants gr[ & fl\ri%1 %elt]$ f ! bitt] tramontana w9d4 ,great p9e trees rise solemnly above ! tops ( _! ,bay1 su* z is illu/rat$1 lead "o up ! /eep slopes4 ,:]ev] "o w&]s1 x is always ! blue sea t is bel[1 & always ! wond]ful outl9e ( ! p59sula across ! ,bay 9 ! di/ance or ! graceful curves on ! flanks ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius1 or1 mo/ beautiful ( all1 ! lovely outl9e ( ! en*ant+ ,isola da ,capri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bay ,,( ,,naples ,,f ,,posillipo ,,sal]no ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! subject ( ?is *apt] 0 fam\s ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom = its s*ool ( m$ic9e4 ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as tells u t 9 ! m$ical _w ,sal]no rank$ :]e ,bologna did 9 law & ,p>is 9 sci5ce4 ,_h its fame on ?is acc\nt n be5 s great1 ,rob]t1 ! son ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 w\ld n h delay$ 8 homew>d j\rney1 & /opp$ !re to consult its m$ical m5 = a w\nd he _h receiv$ 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 abs5ce f ,engl&1 ,h5ry /epp$ on to ! ?rone :i* _h mean:ile become vacant by ! dea? ( ,rufus1 & ! rightful heir nev] reign$4 ,sal]no 0 9 _m o!r ways connect$ ) ! p[]ful race ( ,nor?m54 ,rob]t ,guisc>d receiv$ 8 mortal w\nd be=e ! walls ( ! city z 8 troops swept ov] ! ramp>ts at ! fir/ assault aft] an eight mon?s' siege4 ,rog] ! ,norman 0 "h decl>$ k+ ( ,naples & ,sicily at a meet+ ( ! b>ons 9 #aacj1 & = _m ye>s ,sal]no 0 ! seat ( ! ,norman gov]nm5t 9 ,s\? ,italy4 ,l _m ano!r city :i* has 9 ! pa/ enjoy$ a fam\s reputation & be5 ( great importance1 !re is n[ practically no?+ left to tell ( its great days4 ,on a crag at ! end ( ! old city walls1 "s n9e hundr$ feet above ! sea1 ! ru9s ( ! ,nor?m5's /ronghold1 9 ! attack on :i* ,rob]t ,guisc>d 0 w\nd$1 /ill rema91 buffet$ by ! /orms t ru% up ! m\nta9 slopes4 ,! h>b\r :i* ,manfr$ comm5c$ to build1 & :i* 9 old days held ! ,norman fleet1 lies bel[ ! ,m>9a1 b x silt$ up _m ye>s ago1 & is n[ almo/ useless = trade4 ,! great days ( ,sal]no h gone1 j z ! great days ( h] fam\s neighb\r1 ,amalfi4 ,! exig5cies ( mod]n trade r\tes & ! facilities ( ! railway h robb$ h] ( all ! p[] & glory %e once possess$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ left to rem9d "o ( h] pa/ weal? & p[]4 ,closely hemm$ 9 by its surr\nd+s1 ! ca!dral is n by any means easy to f9d4 ,tortu\s uphill /reets lead to ! piazza1 :]e1 on a /eep incl9e1 a f9e d\ble flight ( /eps ) a m>ble balu/rade give on to ! spaci\s cloi/]$ c\rt or atrium beyond :i* x /&s4 ,rob]t ,guisc>d d$icat$ 8 ca!dral to ,s4 ,matteo1 &1 s t x %\ld be wor?y ( ! great race ( de ,hauteville1 plund]$ ! old ,greek city ( ,p/um = ! build+ ( x4 ,ne>ly e "o ( ! pill>s ( ^! cloi/]s came f !re4 ,mo/ ( !m are s massive t ! capitals ( native workman%ip1 probably hewn :ile ! plund]+ 0 go+ on1 are too small4 ,! ar*es above are /ilt$2 !y support a gall]y :]eon a r[ ( /atues ( diff]5t ar*bi%ops appe> 9 a n[ mu* delapidat$ condition4 ,! same /ate ( p>tial ru9 greets ! eye z "o looks ar\nd4 ,f\rte5 anci5t s>cophagi1 ne>ly all ( !m ,greek1 /& 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! c\rt4 ,!y 7 us$ by ! ,normans = ,*ri/ian burial1 b1 alas6 are mutilat$ & *ipp$ at ! corn]s1 & _! f9e bas-reliefs1 "o ( a hunt+ sc5e1 ano!r ) c5taurs & nymphs on ! panels1 are almo/ completely ru9$ by ! ill-treatm5t !y h receiv$4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! c\rt is a f\nta94 ,wat] /ill spla%es 9 its ,greek bas91 b decay & neglect h robb$ ?is o!rwise beautiful atrium ( mo/ ( its *>m4 ,! ca!dral adjo9s ! c\rty>d4 ,! bronze doors ( ! c5tral por* 7 at "o "t inlaid ) silv]4 ,! preci\s metal has disappe>$1 b small figures ( ! ,apo/les & ,*ri/ian symbols be> evid5ce t :5 ^! doors came fre% f ,con/ant9ople 9 ! elev5? c5tury !y 7 ( v f9e craftsman%ip4 ,! int]ior ( ! great *ur* is :itewa%$4 ,! floor slopes up t[>ds ! ea/ end1 & is a good example ( a well arrang$ m>ble patt]n4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s1 if we except ! tombs t are 9 ! build+1 are ! two ambones1 or pulpits4 ,t :i* appe>s 9 ! illu/ration is a wond]ful example ( ! "w ( ,john ( ,procida4 ,! o!r1 z well z ! ar*bi%op's ?rone1 is by ! same great design]4 ,all ?ree are ma/]pieces ( ! ,grco-,byzant9e /yle ( inlaid tess]4 ,9 ! illu/ration w be se5 a f9e ,pas*al c&elabrum1 ) mo/ intricate inlay1 z f9e 9 its way z t describ$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,^! pulpits are approa*$ by /eps f inside ! *oir4 ,"o is support$ by f\r columns ( r>e porphyry & ! o!r by twelve ( granite f ,p/um4 ,age has ton$ ! :ite m>ble panels to a light grey1 :i* gives a wond]fully f9e note to ! :ite ( ! ca!dral walls z "o looks up ! nave f ! we/ end4 ,! *oir is encircl$ ) a mo/ beautiful inlaid m>ble scre51 9 decoration simil> to ! two pulpits4 ,! floor is a gr& example ( opus ,alex&r9um inlay1 & is z good 9 ?is respect z ! be/ 9 ,italy4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pulpit ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral1 ,,sal]no ,"u ! high alt>1 9 ! crypt1 is a monum5t to ,s4 ,mat!w1 ) a seat$ bronze figure ( ! sa9t4 ,bel[ ?is1 9 a casket1 repose ! rema9s ( ! ,evangeli/1 :i* 7 br\ght "h 9 ! ye> #icj4 ,! crypt itself is n int]e/+4 ,to f9d :at is1 we mu/ return to ! *ur* above1 :]e "s ( ! tombs are well wor?y ( /udy4 ,pope ,gregory ,,vii41 ,hildebr&1 :o di$ 9 ,sal]no1 lies 9 a s>cophagus 9 "o ( ! side *apels4 ,! rema9s ( ,m>g>et ( ,anj\1 "m ( ,k+ ,ladislaus1 re/ "u ! canopy ( a f9e tomb1 on :i* 9 relief ! que5 is depict$ surr\nd$ by h] *ildr5 & h] maids ( hon\r4 ,angels =m ! support to ! canopy1 :i* is decorat$ ) gold fleur-de-lys on a blue gr\nd4 ,ar*bi%op ,c>affa's rema9s are 9 a f9e ,greek s>cophagus ) ,m$usa heads at its corn]s4 ,on ano!r is a f9e bas-relief ( ! ,triumph ( ,bac*us1 & _m m1 l ^? 9 ! cloi/]s1 h be5 transf]r$ f ,pagan use to ,*ri/ian4 ,! *apel 9 :i* is ,hildebr&'s tomb belongs to ! family ( ,john ( ,precida1 :o decorat$ x himself4 ,9 ! sacri/y is a v int]e/+ ,palla ( ivory1 ! ?irty panels ( :i* repres5t sc5es 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,?is elev5?-c5tury "w is "o ( ! few ?+s :i* c ) tru? be said to be 9 excell5t pres]vation4 ,! ca!dral1 l its surr\nd+s1 is sadly 9 ne$ ( repair4 ,its f9e campanile is buttress$ up1 or w\ld long ago h toppl$ into ! /reet bel[4 ,! two l[e/ /oreys ( ?is gr& t[] are ! orig9al ,norman "w ( ,rog]'s day4 ,at _! angles are m>ble & granite columns1 no d\bt f ,p/um4 ,! two upp] /oreys are n l ! l[]1 built ( /one1 b h be5 con/ruct$ 9 a v beautifully col\r$ brick4 ,!y are pi]c$ by ,norman ar*es1 above :i* is ! belfry surm\nt$ by a dome4 ,7 x n = ! few ?+s we h not$1 ,sal]no w\ld n be wor? a visit4 ,b if only to see ! magnific5t pulpits & /& sil5tly 9 ! crypt by ! rema9s ( ! ,evangeli/1 ! t\ri/ 9 8 hurry %\ld nev] omit to sp5d at lea/ a few h\rs 9 ?is once fam\s city4 ,,pal]mo ,pho5icians1 ,c>?ag9ians1 ,greeks & ,romans1 ,go?s1 ,byzant9es1 ,normans & ,spani>ds1 h all rul$ 9 ,sicily2 & ^? ^: curiosity takes !m to ! museum ( ,pal]mo may !re see _m antiquities ( great int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ea* p]iod4 ,! man :o obs]ves may also see mu* 9 h] /reets4 ,!re are di/9ct qu>t]s 9 ,pal]mo :]e ! diff]5t races & _! desc5dants h kept !mselves to !mselves f "t immemorial4 ,x takes no special k ( racial physiognomy to s+le out among o!r types ! ,b]b] or ! ,greek1 z "o saunt]s along wat*+ ! ev]-*ang+ cr[d 9 ! lively ?or\ghf>es4 ,! ,norman occupation is recall$ 9 ! vivid decoration ( ! panels ( ! peasants' c>ts4 ,on !m "o sees ! gallant ,norman slay+ ! trucul5t ,infidel--slay+ !m by doz5s6 ,q ar*aic is ! execution ( ^! panels--! h&iwork ( a long l9e ( pa9t]s1 ^: prog5itors hundr$s ( ye>s ago 7 pa9t+ ! same sc5es on ! vehicles ( _! day4 ,! col\rs are crude4 ,e in* ( ! c> is pa9t$4 ,! spokes ( ! :eels are not*$ & c>v$4 ,! body ( ! c>t is firmly fix$1 high above ! axle b>1 by well-arrang$ ironwork ( floral design4 ,!re are no o!r c>ts 9 exi/5ce l !m2 & :5 ! fea!r$ plume ( ultram>9e & r$ :i* always adorns ! donkey's headge>1 & ! t9sell$ h>ness work$ ) gold & silv] ?read1 are new1 n _m *>iots or /ate coa*es make a brav] %[4 ,pal]mo is divid$ into f\r qu>t]s by ! two /reets t1 runn+ ea/ & we/1 nor? & s\?1 bisect "o ano!r at ! circul> space 9 ! c5tre ( ! city call$ ! ,quattro ,canti--! ,f\r ,corn]s4 ,/&+ 9 ?is busy spot & look+ d[nhill nor?w>ds1 ! deep blue ( ! ,m$it]ranean b\nds ! horizon4 ,s\? ! view is p>tially /opp$ by ! great city gateway1 ! ar* ( ! ,porta ,nuova :i* crosses ! /reet by ! ,royal ,palace ne>ly a mile away4 ,ea/ & we/1 high ov] ! heads ( ! cr[d & ! conge/$ traffic1 gr& m\nta9s rise up ) a puff ( :ite cl\d above _! summits4 ,9 :i*ev] direction "o gazes ! vi/a ends1 f> beyond ! l9es ( tall h\ses1 ) ! blue sea or ! blue sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,,pal]mo ,if "o walks t[>ds ! ,royal ,palace up ! hill1 "o passes ?r\gh ! f9e ,piazza del ,duomo4 ,x is a l>ge squ>e enclos$ on ?ree sides by a m>ble balu/rade1 on :i* /&1 at int]vals1 colossal /atues ( bi%ops & sa9ts4 ,on ! f\r? side is ! great ca!dral4 ,?is f9e specim5 ( po9t$ ,sicilian "w is d$icat$ to ,s4 ,m>ia ,assunta1 & 0 comm5c$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury :5 ,gualt]io ,(familio1 ,walt] ( ! ,mill1 0 ! ,engli% ar*bi%op ( ,pal]mo4 ,! curi\s ar*itectural /yle ( ! build+ is due to ! fact t x 0 design$ by a ,norman & c>ri$ out by ,moori% workm54 ,! ,moor f\nd x impossible to leave out 8 native arcades & 8 battlem5ts2 & ! diap] patt]n on ! we/ faade recalls 9 design ! decoration ( ! ea/4 ,! ,s>ac5ic capitals ( ! beautifully c>v$ pill>s ( ! ?ree doors ( ?is faade are exceptionally good4 ,norman zig-zag m\ld+ embelli%es ! ar*es above4 ,ni*es fill$ ) sa9ts add to ! h>moni\s incongruity s subtly arrang$ by infidel workm54 ,a noble t[] at ea* corn] rises 9 eight ti]s1 ! ?ree topmo/ be+ op54 ,?r\gh\t ^! t[]s small ar*es are support$ by little m>ble columns ) _! corn]s r\nd$ (f 9 a bold way by r+$ pill>s4 ,!y t]m9ate 9 little turrets & p9nacles1 :i* h flames at _! bases4 ,to break all ! flat surfaces ( ^!1 ! ,ea/]n m9d 0 con/ra9$ to put "s sort ( decoration1 ?us c>ry+ (f ! appe>ance ( great weight9ess2 & s1 squ>e1 billet1 loz5ge1 & nail-head patt]ns h be5 mo/ admirably introduc$4 ,! l[] portion ( ! great t[] across ! /reet & opposite ! faade1 & :i* =ms "p ( ! ar*bi%op's palace1 is ,s>ac5ic1 & 0 erect$ be=e ! ,nor?man's adv5t 9 ,sicily4 ,! upp] /ages are ! belfry4 ,despite ! spires :i* all ^! t[]s possess1 !re is some?+ decid$ly m ,ea/]n ?an ,nor!rn 9 _! appe>ance4 ,! ar*es t cross ! /reet--s bold a feature 9 ! sket*--7 put up 9 ! twelf? c5tury to su/a9 ! palace & ca!dral :5ev] e>?quake %ocks occurr$4 ,! ca!dral is ent]$ by ! s\? por*4 ,?is is flank$ by twelf?-c5tury t[]s1 on ! top ( :i* are ugly :ite m>ble figures1 execut$ at a bad p]iod4 ,?ree /ilt$ ar*es ( ,moori% design ) cable m\ld+s1 ! c5tral ar* l>g] ?an ! o!r two1 support a r l[ gable4 ,! face ( ?is gable is cov]$ ) a good s*eme ( decoration4 ,! cornice is deeply cut ) animals & foliage1 a porcup9e & a h>e be+ among ! =m]4 ,f\r grotesque ,norman wat]sp\ts break ! /r+ c\rse betwe5 ! cornice & a beautiful flat arcade "u ! ar*es1 on :i* are half-l5g? figures ( sa9ts & bi%ops4 ,! wall b5ea? ?is & above ! ?ree ar*es ( ! por* 0 evid5tly at "o "t cov]$ ) ,arab designs 9 black & r$4 ,f\r grey m>ble pill>s ) _! ea/]n capitals support ! ar*es2 !y came f ! mosque :i* /ood on ! spot :]e ! ca!dral 0 erect$4 ,! portal ( ! door itself is a real ma/]piece ( intricate ,moori% c>v+4 ,"h pomegranates & palm leaves occupy a prom95t place4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury _m alt]ations occurr$1 & ?is gr& &1 f an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 deeply int]e/+ *ur*1 0 disfigur$ to a l>ge ext5t4 ,! por* has suff]$ almo/ z mu* z ! int]ior ( ! build+4 ,b "o tablet wor? record+ /ill exi/s 9 ! =m]3 ,,prim 4 ,,s$es 4 ,,corona 4 ,,regis 4 ,,et 4 ,,regni 4 ,,caput ,?us runs ! pr\d title ( ! city 9 ! days :5 ! k+s ( ,sicily 7 cr[n$ 9 ,pal]mo's ca!dral4 ,a r[ ( :ite m>ble figures /&s on ! ext]ior ( ! side *apels ( ! aisles4 ,!y are bad4 ,little domes ) glaz$ tiles also rem9d "o ( a lat] p]iod4 ,^!1 ) ! big c5tral dome ov] ! cross+1 7 ! "w ( ,fuga1 a ,neapolitan ar*itect4 ,9 ! alt]ations he c>ri$ out1 ! battlem5ts & ! corbel tables "u !m 7 sp>$4 ,! latt] are a v curi\s /udy 9 ! physiognomy ( ! diff]5t races kn[n to ! ,normans :5 ! ca!dral 0 built4 ,execut$ by ,arab workm51 ^: fai? =bade !m to portray ! h&iwork ( ,allah1 _! accuracy is n unimpea*able4 ,! ea/ end is p>tly cov]$ ) flat arcad+1 mo/ elaborately c>v$ ) ,arabic design1 & p>tly ) a black & r$ patt]n ( ! same "*4 ,! apse is n pi]c$ by any lights4 ,! :ite-wa%$ classic int]ior is a great disappo9tm5t aft] ! ri* br[n & yell[ /one ( ! ext]ior4 ,b if1 ar*itecturally1 x fails to int]e/1 hi/orically x is conc]n$ ) ! mo/ brilliant & prosp]\s p]iod ! city enjoy$4 ,turn+ to ! left on ent]+ ! ca!dral by ! s\? por* are ! two *apels :]e9 /& 9 solemn gr&eur ! mighty s>cophagi ( ! ,norman & ,swabian k+s4 ,! rema9s ( ,rog]1 ! fir/ ,norman rul] ( ,sicily1 re/ 9 a porphyry s>cophagus support$ by m>ble feet compos$ ( f\r cr\*+ ,s>ac5s4 ,! f9e canopy above is incru/$ ) mosaic4 ,its pill>s are gild$ & inlaid4 ,! next tomb is t ( ,con/antia1 :o 0 ! la/ ( ! royal l9e ( ,normans4 ,%e 0 ! wife ( ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,vi41 & "m ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,by ! side ( ?is is ! s>cophagus ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,v elaborately adorn$ is t :i* conta9s ! rema9s ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 & ! body ( ,pet] ,,ii4 ( ,aragon4 ,! lid ( ?is is c>v$ ) m$allions ( ,*ri/1 & ! ,virg9 & *ild4 ,all t is left ( ,con/ance1 wife ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 is 9 a ,roman s>cophagus :i* is recess$ 9 a wall ( ! *apel4 ,x is beautifully decorat$ ) a hunt+ sc5e 9 bas-relief4 ,/&+ aga9/ ano!r wall is a m$ival tomb1 ) a c[l$ figure betwe5 two %ields1 on :i* are display$ ! eagles ( ,aragon4 ,x holds ! a%es ( ,william1 ,duke ( ,a!ns1 :o 0 a son ( ,fr$]ick ( ,aragon4 ,all ^! tombs are n only full ( ar*ological int]e/ 9 !mselves1 b :5 "o reviews ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! ,norman occupation ( ! isl&1 ! *apel 9 :i* !y re/ becomes "o ( ! mo/ hi/orically absorb+ spots 9 ! _w4 ,! ,s>ac5s 7 9 possession ( ,sicily :5 ,rog]1 ! y\nge/ ( ! twelve sons ( ,tancr$ de ,hauteville1 came ov] f ,apulia1 :]e 8 bro!rs1 by =ce ( arms1 _h e/abli%$ !mselves z reign+ ,c\nts4 ,rog] f\nd all ! civilisation1 culture1 & well-ord]$ bureaucracy ( ! ,moor firmly e/abli%$4 ,& ) ?is he 0 too wise to int]f]e4 ,*ang+ no?+ ( ! mode ( life ( ^? he conqu]$1 b simply add+ to x ! /r5g? ( arm & vitality ( a nor!rn race1 he became--& ^? :o foll[$ him 7--by f> ! ri*e/ & mo/ magnific5t sov]eigns ( _! "t 9 all ,europe4 ,! crypt is ar*itecturally ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! int]ior ( ! ca!dral4 ,x conta9s ! tombs ( tw5ty-f\r ( ,pal]mo's ar*bi%ops1 includ+ t ( ,walt] ( ! ,mill4 ,among ! treasures 9 ! sacri/y is ! cap ( ,con/ance ( ,aragon1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 h] tomb1 :51 by ord] ( ,f]d9& ,i41 ! royal s>cophagi 7 op5$4 ,on "o ( ! r\gh gems ) :i* ! cap is /udd$1 is writt5 9 ,arabic1 ,9 ,*ri/1 ,god1 ,i put my hope4 ,"h1 aga91 is evid5ce t ! ,moor & ,*ri/ian liv$ amicably side by side4 ,!odoric 9 ,rav5na1 & ! ,norman 9 ,pal]mo1 br\ght peace to ! l& !y conqu]$2 & ! greate/ prosp]ity t bo? cities enjoy$ 0 a consequ5ce ( _! wisdom1 & ( _! religi\s tol]ance4 ,9 ! f9e op5 squ>e :i* "o rea*es at ! end ( ! seem+ly int]m9able ,corso1 a ,roman h\se & o!r v int]e/+ rema9s are n[ be+ une>!d4 ,! ,royal ,palace occupies "o side ( ! piazza1 &1 be+ ! highe/ "p ( ! city1 is on ! site ( ! old ,roman palace4 ,!re is a magnific5t view f ! obs]vatory situat$ on ! ro( ( ! build+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ) ! beautiful *apel built by ,rog] ,,ii4 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! twelf? c5tury t we are conc]n$4 ,! ,cappella ,palat9a is a p]fect gem1 & no "o :o has once visit$ x 9 ! morn+ c ev] =get ! m>vell\s effect ( dim light pass+ ?r\gh its n>r[ w9d[s1 & illum9at+ its wond]ful m>ble & mosaic walls4 ,?ree ( ! bays ( ! nave are =m$ by columns ( ,egyptian granite :i* alt]nate ) ?ree ( flut$ ,greek m>ble4 ,! composite capitals ( ! ar*es are ,byzant9e & ,cor9?ian4 ,^! ar*es are /ilt$ & cov]$ 9 an extremely ri* mann] ) gorge\s mosaic1 & _! s(fits inlaid ) tess] arrang$ 9 ,moori% designs4 ,! walls ( ! aisles are l9$ ) ! ri*e/ m>ble slabs1 b5ea? :i* a beautiful dado ( inlaid ,ea/]n patt]n runs r\nd ! *apel4 ,! wood5 ro( ( ! nave is honeycomb$1 & l t ( ! ,alhambra at ,granada is arrang$ ) spl5didly col\r$ & gild$ p5d5tives4 ,cufic inscriptions f9d a place among/ ^! hang+ clu/]s4 ,! ceil+s ( ! aisles are c(f]$ & su/a9 heavy gold bosses1 :i* enri* ! gorge\s effect ( _! /rong col\r4 ,! *oir is rais$ five /eps above ! nave1 f :i* x is %ut (f by a v beautiful m>ble scre54 ,! /alls are c>v$ p]p5dicul> "w4 ,! f9e wood5 lect]n ( v late ,go?ic design has well-c>v$ angels kneel+ on ! f\r support+ legs4 ,above ^! angels f\r k+s /& ar\nd ! c5tre column4 ,on ! book-re/ repose ! old black-lett] p>*m5t psalt]s4 ,at ! top ( all1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild f9i% (f ?is exce$+ly well-design$ & execut$ read+-desk4 ,beyond ! *oir ! apse rises f\r /eps4 ,! ris]s ( ^! /eps & ^? ( ! *oir are mo/ beautifully inlaid4 ,! colossal mosaic figure 9 ! semi-dome ( ! apse is ! only mosaic ( a late date2 &1 aim+ at ! qualities ( a pa9t+1 l ^? on ! ext]ior ( ,s4 ,m>k's & ! ca!dral at ,orvieto1 some:at m>s ! uni=mity & simplicity ( ! tess] decoration ( ! *apel4 ,! floor ( ! build+ is entirely opus ,alex&r9um4 ,at ! we/ end1 a rais$ dais = ! exclusive use ( royalty is rail$ (f1 & a portrait ( ! reign+ sov]eign let into ! m>ble panels ( ! wall4 ,by ! pulpit /&s a ,byzant9e c&elabrum4 ,f\r lions r5d+ _! prey are at its base4 ,o!r animals & birds & figures ( m51 all fight+ "o ano!r1 encircle1 9 ord]ly confusion1 ! beautiful inlaid c5tral column4 ,above !m is a figure ( ! ,almighty1 s]5ely quiesc5t4 ,*ildr51 symbolical ( innoc5ce & fre$om f s91 are c>v$ r\nd ! b[l into :i* is /uck ! huge ,ea/] c&le4 ,x is v difficult to describe ! effect ( sudd5 calm t /eals ov] "o :51 ent]+ ?is d>k *ur*1 ) ! gl>e ( ! sun & ! noise ( ! /reets outside1 "o is consci\s ( a v re/ful gloom1 full ( ! ri*e/ col\r1 & a sil5ce soo?+ to ! s5ses4 ,"o someh[ feels ! gorge\sness ( ! ea/ comb9$ ) ! solemnity ( a well-plann$ sacr$ int]ior1 & ?is despite ! sudd5 transition f light to d>kness4 ,!re is no o!r build+ ( l dim5sions :i* grips "o z does ! wond]ful ,cappella ,palat9a ( ,pal]mo4 ,la ,m>torana1 away d[n 9 ! city1 may h be5 z beautiful1 b un=tunately 9 ! ye> #aeij ! nuns ( ! atta*$ conv5t ord]$ mo/ ( ! preci\s mosaics to be /ripp$ f ! walls1 & a hide\s *oir add$ :5 ^! 7 demoli%$4 ,"s few are left on ! ro( to tell u :at a glori\s ?+ ?is f9ely proportion$ *apel mu/ h be5 be=e religi\s zeal got ! bett] ( arti/ic ta/e4 ,! c5tral apse 0 likewise tak5 d[n a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 & ) x m priceless mosaic de/roy$4 ,! inlaid m>ble on ! walls 0 done away ) 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,if any?+ bett] c\ld h be5 f\nd to take ! place ( ! gr& mosaics t cov]$ ! int]ior !re might h be5 an excuse = ^! acts ( v&alism b :5 "o sees ! hide\s /ucco & wret*$ mural pa9t+s ( bad design & col\r1 t h no religi\s f]v\r or t5d5cy & no?+ :atev] to recomm5d !m 9 any way1 "o /&s agha/ at ! ignorance & /upidity :i* 9 ! "n ( religi\s exp$i5cy de/roy$ su* priceless treasures4 ,among ! little t rema9s are two curi\s mosaics :]e9 ,k+ ,rog] is cr[n$ by ,*ri/1 & ! ,high ,admiral1 :o f\nd$ ! *ur*1 is d$icat+ x to ! ,virg94 ,! k+ is we>+ ! dalmatic4 ,?is he receiv$1 toge!r ) ! mitre1 f ! ,pope1 :o f\nd x m diplomatic to conf] ecclesia/ical (fice ^u ! ,norman k+ ?an to oppose him 9 useless w>s4 ,a little to ! s\? ( ! ,royal ,palace1 & almo/ abutt+ on ! old walls ( ! city1 is ,s4 ,giovanni degli ,eremiti4 ,! beautiful cloi/]$ g>d51 :i* is adjac5t1 =ms an illu/ration to ?is *apt]4 ,! little *ur* is a v e>ly specim5 ( ,norman "w on ! plan ( ! lett] ,t ) ?ree apses4 ,on its s\? side is a t9y mosque1 incorporat$ ) ! build+ & utilis$ 9 ! old days z a *apel4 ,! mona/]y1 :i* exi/$ "h 9 ! "t ( ,gregory ! ,great1 _h fall5 into disuse :5 ! ,normans came to ,sicily1 & ,k+ ,rog] re/or$ ! old build+s4 ,! int]ior n[ is absolutely b>e & ! w9d[s unglaz$4 ,! ,moori% domes give ! little *ur* a v ea/]n appe>ance1 to :i* ! flat memb]s ( ! ru/ic /ones ( ! cloi/] ar*es 9 no small measure add4 ,x is a peaceful spot :]e exotic plants fl\ri% luxuriantly1 & vie ) all sorts ( fl[]s 9 wanton gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cloi/]s ,,( ,s4 ,,giovanni ,,degli ,,eremiti1 ,,pal]mo ,! travell] :o has be5 9 ,spa9 w f9d 9 ! old qu>t] ( ,pal]mo _m palaces t w rem9d him ( ,seville1 ,salamanca1 & o!r places 9 ! ,ib]ian p59sula4 ,! tawny col\r ( ! ,s\? pr$om9ates "h1 & ! two or ?ree c\rty>ds possess$ by _m ( ^! palaces w add to 8 rem9isc5ces4 ,?is is n s /range z x may seem :5 "o consid]s t f ! ye> #abhb1 :5 ,p$ro ( ,aragon 0 cr[n$ k+1 to #agac1 :5 ,victor ,amadeus1 ,duke ( ,savoy1 asc5d$ ! ?rone1 ,sicily 0 "u ! rule ( ! ,spani>d4 ,! great squ>e block ( yell[ /one 9 ! ,piazza ,m>9a1 ! ,palazzo ,*i>amonte1 s]v$ z ! palace ( ! ,spani% ,vic]oys & headqu>t]s ( ! ,inquisition4 ,n[ kn[n z ! ,palazzo de' ,tribunali1 x is us$ z ! law c\rts4 ,! ante-*amb] ( ! c\rt room has a magnific5t wood5 ceil+4 ,hunt+ ab\t 9 ! n>r[ /reets 9 ?is qu>t] "o *ances on _m a piece ( ar*itecture & decorative sculpture 9 ! gr&iose /yle ( ! great days ( ,spa94 ,"o or two good f\nta9s & f9e portals add mu* to ! hi/orical *>m ( a "p ( ! city :i* is n[ occupi$ by humble folk4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ago/9o1 difficult to f9d 9 ! slums1 has a rem>kable faade ) a beautiful :eel w9d[4 ,delicate :ite m>ble pill>s radiate f ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 :i* is ! hub ( ! :eel1 & ?ree r[s ( t9y b beautifully-c>v$ ar*es int]lace & =m ! trac]y ( ! w9d[4 ,! *evron$ ar*es ( ! portal are decorat$ ) acan?us leaves & arabesques4 ,! capitals ( ! support+ columns are pomegranates1 & a flat canopy ) drip/one ( acan?us leaves1 b5ea? :i* are almo/ oblit]at$ frescoes1 completes "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ relics ( bygone days to be f\nd any:]e 9 ,pal]mo4 ,x is 9 ! old qu>t]s1 too1 t ! life ( ! cittad9i is se5 9 its mo/ picturesque g>b4 ,fruit %ops1 full ( gold5 oranges & pale lemons1 prickly pe>s & great citrons1 make gay pat*es ( col\r 9 ! /reet vi/a4 ,glaz$ tiles1 e>!nw>e1 & vividly col\r$ cotton goods display$ outside ! %op fronts or hang+ f ! walls add to ! v>iety ( ! sc5e4 ,cook%ops1 ) pizzi & scaglozzi1 & olive oil 9 ! fry+ pan1 excite ! olfactory n]ves 9 a pleasant] degree ?an ^? 9 :i* a p>ticul>ly /rong-flav\r$ *eese f9ds ready pur*as]s4 ,excell5t w9e may be drunk at a v small co/ at ! dr9k+ b>s1 :]e a jet ( cle> wat] is = ev] play+ ov] ! m>ble slabs ( ! ci/]n-l c\nt]4 ,f[ls scurry ab\t 9 ! mid/ ( ! ?rong1 & hungry dogs sc5t a meal 9 ! refuse heaps ( ! gutt]s4 ,all is animation1 & all has a t\* ( ! ,s\? t is some?+ m ?an ,italian4 ,x is almo/ wor? :ile go+ to ,pal]mo 9 ord] to p]ambulate h] fasc9at+ /reets & obs]ve ! ev]-*ang+ cr[d t peoples !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mte4 ,,pelligr9o1 ,,pal]mo ,x is c]ta9ly wor? ! voyage to ent] ! h>b\r :5 ! sun is well up & f ! %ip's deck wat* ! spl5did panorama unfold itself z ! vessel glides into port4 ,at ! foot ( ,mte ,pelligr9o1 & :]e ! fam\s valley ( ! ,conca d',oro1 or ,gold5 ,%ell1 t\*es ! blue wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 lies ,pal]mo4 ,beyond1 ) an incl9ation upw>ds to ! l[] slopes ( ,mte ,cuccio 9 ! di/ance1 /ret*es ! triangul> %ap$ valley1 ,mte ,cuccio =m+ ! apex ( ! triangle4 ,m\nta9s hem ! l&scape 9 on two sides4 ,! :ole ( ! c\ntry betwe5 !m & ! sea is "o va/ grove ( orange & lemon trees4 ,on ! edge ( ! rec$+ wall ( m\nta9s to ! "r ( ! valley 9 ! middle di/ance1 a /ately build+ /&s above ! br[ ( a /eep hill4 ,r\nd x clu/] ro(s & walls 9 irregul> l9es4 ,?is is ,monreale4 ,to ,monreale we g to /udy ! mosaics4 ,= ?\gh its ca!dral boa/s ( gr& twelf?-c5tury bronze doors1 & a v f9e portico1 ! magnific5t mosaics t cov] ! walls ( ! int]ior are its pride & glory4 ,! decoration ( ?is f9e basilica may be describ$ z a coh]5t mass ( sup]b mosaics & well select$ slabs ( grey & :ite m>ble inlaid ) panels ( ,moori% design4 ,"h m ?an 9 any o!r *ur* 9 ! _w has ar*itecture be5 subord9at$ to a s*eme ( gorge\sly col\r$ decoration4 ,its ,mosaics are ,greek 9 /yle1 ) ,greek inscriptions4 ,moori% designs & arabesques also rival 9 col\r ! extraord9>ily intricate gold patt]n :i* sets (f ! beauty ( ! m>ble walls4 ,on ! semi-dome ( ! c5tral apse is a v impressive colossal half-l5g? mosaic ( ! ,savi\r hold+ an op5 book4 ,bel[1 are figures ( ! ar*angels1 ,gabriel & ,mi*ael1 & ! twelve apo/les4 ,! vault ( ! s\? apse conta9s a gigantic figure ( ,s4 ,pet]1 & 9 ! correspond+ "o 9 ! nor? apse1 "o ( ,s4 ,paul4 ,^! two figures are rob$ 9 :ite1 & light up ! d>k recesses ( ! deep-ton$ gold backgr\nd ( ! apses 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,9 ! *oir !re is a mosaic ov] ! royal ?rone v simil> to t 9 ,la ,m>torana1 :]e9 ,k+ ,rog] is be+ cr[n$4 ,9 ?is case ,*ri/ places ! cr[n on ! head ( ,william ! ,good4 ,ov] ! ,ar*bi%op's ?rone ,william is repres5t$ (f]+ ! *ur* to ! ,virg94 ,sicily 0 nev] a fief ( ! ,popes1 & ^! two mosaics no d\bt express ! idea t ! sov]eigns d]iv$ _! au?ority f ,god alone4 ,r\nd ! :ole ( ! nave two sets or s]ies ( mosaics are arrang$ :i*1 beg9n+ at ! ,flood1 illu/rate diff]5t episodes 9 biblical hi/ory4 ,=ty-two sc5es are depict$ 9 ! nave & t5 9 ea* aisle :i* deal ) our ,"l's life z well z !mes f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,at ! we/ end is a mosaic ( ,s4 ,ca/r5se1 ,monreale's tutel> sa9t1 ca/+ out a devil1 & also walk+ on ! sea4 ,comp>+ ^! wond]ful decorations ) ^? at ,rav5na & 9 ,s4 ,m>k's1 "o may at fir/ be m impress$ ) ! app>5t magnific5ce ( ! s*eme :i* we f9d "h4 ,! ca!dral is l>g] ?an any ( ,rav5na's *ur*es1 & has ?is advantage ov] ,s4 ,m>k's1 t "o is bett] able "h to grasp at once ! :ole idea ( ! col\r s*eme4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>k's "o sits & quietly discov]s ?+s at leisure4 ,at ,monreale "o ent]s & is imm$iately ov]p[]$ by ! magnific5ce ( ! dull gold tess] & ! gorge\s arrangem5t ( ! sequ5ce ( figures :i*1 l a fla%1 /rike "o at fir/ sight4 ,rav5na c %[ u bett] s*emes ( col\r1 subtl] & m ref9$4 ,rav5na gives u e>li] "w1 & "w m nave1 & is = ?is reason m attractive & int]e/+4 ,b x mu/ be admitt$ t 9 no o!r build+ ( ! k9d is "o impell$ to /op sudd5ly & cat* "o's brea?1 z :5 fir/ ent]+ ,monreale's great basilica4 ,eight bays divide ! nave f ! aisles4 ,_! /ilt$ ar*es are support$ by granite monoli?s4 ,! capitals ( ^! are pure ,cor9?ian1 & ,cor9?ian ) cornucopi volutes & m$allion heads4 ,above ! abacus ( ea* capital is ! simple ,norman b[l capital inlaid ) ri* mosaic4 ,x is f ^! t ! glori\s col\r-s*eme spr+s--above & ar\nd1 ! eye f9ds no?+ b mosaic4 ,! l[] portion ( ! walls ( ! aisles is compos$ ( m>ble slabs sep>at$ f "o ano!r by inlay ( ,moori% design4 ,9 ! nor? *ancel aisle are ! tombs ( ,rog]1 ,duke ( ,apulia1 & ,h5ry1 ,pr9ce ( ,capua1 two sons ( ,william ! ,bad4 ,9 ! s\? *ancel aisle are ! tombs ( ,william ! ,good & ,william ,,ii4 ,j z ,pal]mo's ca!dral is a fit re/+-place = ! rema9s ( "s ( ! ,norman k+s1 s is ?is gr& fabric = ! bodies ( ^? ( ! same royal l9e :o "h repose 9 peace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cloi/]s1 ,,monreale ,adjo9+ ! ca!dral1 on ! s\? side1 is all t is left ( ! orig9al ,b5$ict9e mona/]y4 ,! celebrat$ cloi/]s1 ( :i* we speak1 are m ,arab ?an ,norman1 & m infidel ?an ,*ri/ian 9 _! ar*itecture4 ,! two flat memb]s ( ! ,moori% ar*es are decorat$ ) black tufa loz5ges & spe>heads4 ,! c\pl$ columns are n[h]e approa*$ 9 beauty & delicacy1 save 9 ,s4 ,paolo fuori at ,rome4 ,arabesques cov] "s ( !m2 all 7 at "o "t ri*ly inlaid ) mosaic4 ,"s are *evron$1 o!rs ( loz5ge patt]n1 or billet$1 or twi/$ & spiral4 ,_! capitals are "o & all ( extreme int]e/4 ,"o %[s on its c>v$ surface ,norman knights 9 *a9 mail engag$ 9 combat ) ,s>ac5s2 ano!r1 ,roman gladiators slay+ ,*ri/ian victims4 ,birds1 bea/s1 & subjects f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 intricate foliage & v9es add to a v>iety :i* is n to be f\nd any:]e else 9 ! cloi/]$ c\rts ( ,italy4 ,! illu/ration gives a corn] ( ?is beautiful spot :]e a f\nta9 spla%es & plays1 add+ to ! delights ( a well-kept g>d5 & ! sweet sc5t ( fl[]s4 ,,index ,ahrl]1 ,he9ri*1 #i ,alb]ti1 ,leo ,batti/a1 #ic1 #aie ,alex&] ,,ii1 #agj ,alex&] ,,iii41 #fg ,alfr$ ! ,great1 #ba ,amalfi1 #bhj ,ambrose1 ,s41 #ac ,angelico1 ,fra1 #aig1 #bcf1 #bee ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 #acf1 #ahh1 #aia-c1 #bbc1 #bcf1 #bdd1 #bdg-h1 #beb ,antelami1 ,b5$etto1 #ada ,ant5or1 #di ,an?ony1 ,s41 #di ,ario/o1 #aja ,arnulphus1 #ae ,assisi1 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia1 #baa-ac2 ca!dral1 #bad2 g5]al description1 #bad-ae ,attila1 #g ,augu/9e1 ,s41 #ah-ai ,augu/us1 #ajg ,baldus1 #eg ,bank ( ,g5oa1 #adh-i ,b>b>ossa1 ,fr$]ick1 #fg ,ba/ian9o1 #ajc ,bellagio1 #b ,bell9i1 #be ,b5$ict ,,xi41 #bje ,b5$ict ,,xiv41 #bej ,b55ato1 #afd ,b]gamo1 ca!dral1 #bd-bf2 o!r build+s1 #bc-bd1 #bg ,b]n>d9o1 ,s41 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bbd ,b]n>done1 ,giovanni1 #bae ,b]n9i1 #bdc1 #bdf-g ,bisone1 ,bono da1 #aci ,boe?ius1 #ba ,bologna1 ,giovanni da1 #abf ,bologna1 hi/ory1 #abc-e2 ca!dral1 #acj-a2 o!r build+s1 #abe-i1 #aca-f2 univ]sity1 #acc ,bonannus1 #afj1 #afd ,bonav5ture1 ,ni*olas1 #aj ,borromeo1 ,s4 ,*>les1 #aj-ab ,borsi1 ,pi]1 #aha ,b\illon1 ,godfrey de1 #ade ,bramante1 #d1 #i1 #ag1 #abf1 #bdd ,breakspe>e1 ,ni*olas1 #bdh ,brescia1 ,roman rema9s1 #bi-cj2 la ,rotunda1 #cj-ca2 ,duomo ,nuovo1 #ca-cb2 o!r build+s1 #cb-cc ,br[n+1 ,rob]t1 #ha ,brunelles*i1 #ahf1 #aid1 #aif ,bruni1 ,leon>do1 #aic ,burlamma*i1 ,francesco1 #afi ,busketus1 #aei ,byron1 #aji1 #aff ,cad5abbia1 #b ,ca$walla1 #bec ,cs>1 ,julius1 #ia1 #agj ,caligula1 #bfa ,calv91 #aja ,camaldoli1 #bge ,cambio1 ,arnolfo di1 #ahc1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aid1 #bbb ,capri1 #bfe1 #bgg ,c>abelli1 #i ,c>etti1 ,il>ia1 #agc ,c>racci1 #acj-a ,c>r>a family1 #ea ,ca!r9e1 ,s41 #bbd ,cell9i1 ,b5v5uto1 #ahd1 #bdh ,ceolfrid1 #aib ,*>lemagne1 #ci1 #aae1 #bdb ,*>les ,v41 #acj1 #bcj ,*iusi1 #bjb ,cimabue1 #aif1 #bac ,clem5t ,,vii41 #bcj ,colleoni1 #bf ,columbus1 #aej ,como1 hi/ory1 #a-b2 ca!dral1 #b-d2 t[n hall1 #d-e2 indu/ries1 #e ,con/ant9e ! 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