file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cgfab-;h4htm or #cgfab-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cgfab_/pg#cgfab-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cgfa b_/cgfab-;h4zip7 ,,bill',s ,,s*ool ,,& ,,m9e ,a ,collection ( ,essays on ,education by ,,william ,,sudd>ds ,,frankl9 ,illu/ration ( ,au?or's ,signature ,s\? ,be?lehem1 ,p5nsylvania ,frankl91 ,macnutt & ,*>les ,publi%]s ( ,educational ,books #aiac ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright1 #aiac ,by ,william ,s4 ,frankl9 ,press ( ,! ,new ,era ,pr9t+ ,company ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,a ,,univ]sity ,,support$ ,,& ,,controll$ ,,by ,,! ,,p ,,( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,! "t w come :5 m5 w ?9k ( no?+ b education4 ,,nietzs*e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page iv ,s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #aiad1 ?is prophecy ( ,nietzs*e's has %ap$ itself 9 ! au?or's m9d 9 an alt]$ t5se & 9 an alt]$ mood4--,! "t ,,has come :5 m5 ,,mu/ ?9k ( no?+ b education2 by education ! au?or does n mean inconsequ5tial booki%ness1 & nei!r did ,nietzs*e6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface4 ,! great] "p ( ! essay1 ,bill's ,s*ool & ,m9e1 0 writt5 9 #aijc1 b ! title & "s ( ! mat]ial 7 borr[$ f my fri5d & college mate ,william ,all5 ,:ite 9 #aiab1 :5 ! essay 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,s\? ,be?lehem ,globe to /imulate int]e/ 9 a local ,playgr\nd ,movem5t4 ,! second essay1 ,! ,/udy ( ,sci5ce1 is tak5 f ,frankl9 & ,mac,nutt's ,elem5ts ( ,me*anics1 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aijh4 ,i h no illusions conc]n+ ! ma!matical sci5ces1 = x is to su* t ! essay *iefly relates4 ,unque/ionably ! mo/ important function ( education is to develop p]sonality & "*2 b sci5ce is imp]sonal1 & an essay :i* attempts to set =? ! mean+ ( sci5ce /udy mu/ make an unusual dem& ^u ! read]4 ,"s ?+s 9 ?is _w are to be und]/ood by sympa?y1 & "s ?+s are to be und]/ood by s]i\s & pa9ful ef=t4 ,! ?ird essay1 ,"p ( an ,education1 0 privately pr9t$ 9 #aijc "u ! title ,a ,tramp ,trip 9 ! ,rockies1 & x is introduc$ "h to illu/rate a phase ( real education :i* is 9 dang] ( becom+ obsolete4 ,! s*ool ( h>d%ip is n = ^? :o love luxury1 & to ! pov]ty /rick5 x is n a s*ool--x is a ,jugg]naut4 ,! five m9or essays are m]e spla%es1 z x 72 b 9 ea* ,i h said ev]y?+ t ne$ be said1 except p]haps 9 ! matt] ( exhortation4 ,= ! illu/rations ,i am "u obligations to my c\s9 ,mr4 ,daniel ,g>b] ( ,philadelphia4 ,,william ,,sudd>ds ,,frankl9 ,,s\? ,,be?lehem1 ,,pa41 ,octob] #bb1 #aiac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page vi ,,supplem5t ,,to ,,preface4 ,y\r att5tion is call$ especially to ! five %ort essays1 or spla%es1 on pages #be #c1 #bi #d1 #ei #e1 #ia #h & #ie #i2 ea* ( ^! %ort essays fills ab\t a page1 & if y read !m y w und]/& :y ! ,indep5d5t has call$ ?is little book ,a ,package ( ,dynamite4 ,! fir/ essay1 entitl$ ,,bill',s ,,s*ool ,,& ,,m9e1 is easy read+1 & if "o is n irr$eemably lit]al 9 "o's mode ( ?9k+1 x is v pleasant read+4 ,! tall talk :i* is spr9kl$ ?r\gh\t ?is essay & :i* rea*es a climax on pages #ai #a & #bj #b is n int5d$ to be actually fatal 9 its seem+ly murd]\s quality6 ,_m cont5t$ city p 9 read+ ?is essay %\ld be prompt$ aft] ! mann] ( c[-boy :o 9 a spell ( seem+ly c>eless gun play says to 8 sophi/icat$ fri5d ,smile1 ,d---- ,y1 ,smile4 ,! essay on ,! ,/udy ( ,sci5ce is some:at ( a /ick]1 & if any p>ticul> read] does n l x he c let x alone1 b !re is an increas+ numb] ( "y m5 9 ?is _w :o mu/ /udy sci5ce :e!r !y l x or n4 ,inde$ ! object ( ?is p>ticul> essay is to expla9 ?is rem>kable & 9 "s respects di/ress+ fact4 ,! essay relates prim>ily to ! physical sci5ces1 n>r[ly speak+1 because ! au?or's tea*+ exp]i5ce has be5 :olly 9 physics & *emi/ry4 ,"o c get a fairly good idea ( ! au?or's po9t ( view by read+ ! portions ( ! essay :i* /& 9 l>ge pr9t1 b x is q necess>y to read ! small pr9t ) m or less pa9ful c>e if "o is to get any fundam5tal idea ( ! matt] "u consid]ation4 ,! read] w please consid] ?\ghtfully ! close juxta-position ( ?is essay & ! foll[+ %ort essay on ,! ,discipl9e ( ,"w4 ,! essay1 ,"p ( an ,education1 is ! /ory ( a tramp trip ?r\gh ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ( ,colorado & ,wyom+1 & x is an introduction to ! little essay on ,! ,uses ( ,h>d%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,pages4 ,,bill',s ,,s*ool ,,& ,,m9e #a-ba ,play z a ,tra9+ 9 ,application #bb-bf ,! ,en]giz+ ( ,play #bg-cj ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,sci5ces #ca-ef ,! ,discipl9e ( ,"w #eg-fj ,,"p ,,( ,,an ,,education #fa-hg ,! ,uses ( ,h>d%ip #hi-ib ,! ,public ,s*ool #ic-ih ,,bill',s ,,s*ool ,,& ,,m9e ,x seems t ! ,japanese h dome/icat$ nature4 ,,lafcadio ,,he>ne4 ,i always ?9k ( my s*ool z my boyhood4 ,until ,i 0 big en\gh to swim ! ,miss\ri ,riv] my home 0 9 a little ,kansas t[n1 & we boys liv$ 9 ! woods & 9 ! wat] all ,summ]1 & 9 ! woods & on ! ice all ,w9t]4 ,we trapp$ & hunt$1 we r[$ & fi%$1 & built dams1 & cut /ick horses1 & kept /ick-horse liv]y /ables :]e ! grapev9es hung1 & :]e ! paw-paws mell[$ 9 ! ,fall4 ,we made mud slides into our swimm+ hole1 & we 7 arti/s 9 mud-tattoo1 pa9t+ face & body ) ?9 black mud & scrap+ :ite /ripes f head to foot4 ,we climb$ ! trees & cut our names1 we suck$ ! sap ( ! box eld] & squa%$ poke b]ries = w> pa9t4 ,we pick$ wild grapes & gooseb]ries1 & made pop-guns to %oot gre5 haws4 ,9 ! ,autumn we ga!r$ walnuts1 & 9 ! ,spr+ we greet$ ! johnny-jump-ups1 & ! sweet williams z !y pe]$ ?r\gh ! mold4 ,always1 we boys 7 out ( doors1 z x seems to me2 & ,i did ! *ores4 ,x is some?+ to le>n ! t\ghness ( hickory "u ! saw1 h[ easily walnut splits1 h[ mean elm is to h&le2 & a c]ta9 dext]ity comes to a boy :o tea*es a calf to dr9k1 or slops hogs )\t soil+ 8 ,sunday clo!s 9 ! ev5+4 ,& ! hay makes acrobats4 ,9 ! l(t a boy le>ns to turn flip-flops1 & ) a l>iat rope he c make a trapeze4 ,my r+s 7 made by padd+ ! iron r+s f ! hubs ( a lumb] wagon & sw++ !m f ! raft]s4 ,bill1 little ,be?lehem ,bill1 has a bett] s*ool ?an ,i _h2 ! h\se & ! ?+s t g ) x4 ,bill's tea*]s "k m accurately :at !y are ab\t ?an did my tea*]s 9 ! old days out ,we/ half a c5tury ago4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ,bill is gett+ ?+s f 8 s*ool t ,i did n get4 ,b he is gr[+ up ) a woefully di/ort$ idea ( life4 ,:at does ,bill "k ab\t ! woods & ! fl[]s8 ,:]e 9 ,bill's makeup is t :i* comes f br[s+ on b]ries & nuts & ! rank paw paw1 & roam+ ! woods l ! ,b&]-log8 ,& ! crops1 :at does he "k ab\t !m8 ,! silv]-sides us$ to live 9 ! pool "u ! lime/one l$ges by ! old /one qu>ry :]e ! snakes w\ld sun !mselves at noon4 ,! wild rose1 ) its c9namon-sc5t$ fl[] & curl+ leaves1 us$ to bloom 9 ,may = me--= me & a little br[n-ey$ girl :o f\nd h] ink-bottle fill$ ) !m :5 ! s*ool bell call$ u 9 f play4 ,& on ,saturdays we boys roam$ ov] ! prairies pick+ wild fl[]s1 play+ wild plays & dream+ wild dreams--*ildr5's dreams4 ,d y suppose t little ,bill dreams su* dreams 9 a fifty-foot lot ) only 8 "m's fl[]s 9 ! w9d[ pots to tea* him ! great my/]y ( life8 ,bill has no b>n4 ,i d\bt if he c sk9 a cat1 & ,i am sure he _c d ! big drop f ! trapeze4 ,to turn a flip-flop w\ld fill him ) al>m1 & yet ,jim ,betts1 out 9 ,kansas1 us$ to turn a d\ble flip-flop ov] a /ack ( b>rels6 ,& ,jim ,betts is a man to look at4 ,he is built by ! day4 ,he has an educat$ body1 & x is go+ into its fifties ) heal? & /r5g? t ,bill w h to "w =4 ,& ,jim ,betts & ,i us$ to make our own kites & nigg]-%oot]s & sl$s & rabbit traps4 ,bill's s*ool seems real en\gh1 b 8 play & 8 "w seem r empty4 ,( c\rse ,bill _c h ! fr+e ( a million squ>e miles ( wild buffalo range = 8 out-(-doors4 ,no1 ,bill _c h t4 ,nev]1 aga94 ,& to imag9e t ,bill ne$s any?+ ( ! k9d is to =get ! magic ( ,bill's make-believe6 ,a tree1 a brook1 a /ret* ( grass6 ,:at old-_w ?+s ,bill's fancy c create !re6 ,:at untold hi/ory repeat itself 9 ,bill's mo/ fragm5t>y play6 ,bill1 is by nature1 a conjuror4 ,give him b little & he w make a _w = himself1 & gr[ to be a man4 ,old] p seem1 h[ev]1 to =get1 & deprive ,bill ( ! little t he ne$s2 & x is wor? :ile1 !re=e1 to develop ! contra/ betwe5 ,bill's s*ool & t s*ool ( m9e 9 ! long-ago l& ( my boyhood out-(-doors4 ,! ,l& ( ,out-(-,doors6 ,:at irony !re is 9 su* gl[+ phrase to city boys l ,bill6 ,! supreme delight ( my own boyhood days 0 to ga!r wild fl[]s 9 a wood$ holl[1 to rea* :i* l$ across a sunny /ret* ( wild mead[ ris+ to ! sky2 & ,i w\ld h y "k t ,i liv$ z a boy 9 a l& :]e a we$ nev] grew,a4 ,i wi% t ,bill might h access to ! places :]e ! wild fl[]s gr[1 & above all ,i wi% t ,bill might h m opportunity to see 8 fa!r at "w4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ^! ?+s 7 )9 ! rea* ( e boy & girl2 b n[1 alas1 ,bill sees no o!r manual labor ?an ! digg+ ( a dit* 9 a clutt]$ /reet1 or /unt$ 9 gr[?1 he has almo/ become a "p ( ! ma*9e he daily t5ds1 & ,boyville has become a pav$ & gutt]$ city1 high-wall$1 desolate1 & dirty2 ) "h & !re a vacant lot hide\s ) refuse 9 e>ly ,spr+ & ov]:elm$ ) an increas+ pe/il5ce ( we$s z ! ,summ] days g by6 ,& ! /range/ ?+ ab\t x all is1 t ,bill accepts unque/ion+ly1 & ev5 ) manife/ations ( joy1 j any sort ( a _w1 if only x is flood$ ) sun%9e4 ,i rememb] h[1 9 my boyhood1 ! r>e adv5t ( an old t9 c 9 my favorite swimm+ hole us$ to (f5d me1 :ile su* a ?+ z a ca/-(f %oe 0 simply intol]able1 & ,i wond] t ,bill's unqu5*able delight 9 outdoor life does n become an absolute rage 9 8 indiff]5ce to ! dreadful pollution ( ! /reams & ! univ]sal pe/il5ce ( we$s & refuse 9 our ?ickly populat$ di/ricts4 ,i _c refra9 f quot+ an amus+ poem ( ,james ,:itcomb ,riley's1 :i* expresses 7m completely ?an any?+ ,i "k7 ! delight ( boys 9 outdoor life1 :]e s _m ?+s happ5 & s _m ?+s lure2 & y c easily cat* 9 ! sw+ ( ,riley's v]se t wanton note :i* is ord9>ily s fasc9at+ly boyi%1 b :i* may too easily turn to a rag+ indiff]5ce to ev]y?+ t makes = purity 9 ?is tr\bl$ life ( ours4 ,,?ree ,,jolly ,,hunt]s4 ,o !re 7 ?ree jolly y\ng/]s2 ,& a-hunt+ !y did g1 ,) a sett]-dog & a po9t]-dog ,& a yall]-dog also4 ,looky !re6 ,& !y hunt$ & !y hal-loo$2 ,& ! fir/ ?+ !y did f9d ,0 a d+l+-dangl+ hornets' ne/ ,a-sw++ 9 ! w9d4 ,looky !re6 ,& ! fir/ "o said1 ,:at is x8 ,said ! next1 ,let's pun* & see1 ,& ! ?ird "o said1 a mile f !re1 ,i wi% we'd let x be6 ,looky !re6 7,%[+ ! back ( 8 neck47 ,& !y hunt$ & !y hal-loo$2 ,& ! next ?+ !y did raise ,0 a bobb9 bunnie cotton-tail ,t vani%$ f _! gaze4 ,looky !re6 ,"o said x 0 a hot baseball1 ,zippt ?ru ! brambly ?at*1 ,b ! o!rs said 'twas a note by po/ ,or a tel]graph dispat*4 ,looky !re6 ,s !y hunt$ & !y hal-loo$2 ,& ! next ?+ !y did sight1 ,0 a great big bull-dog *as+ !m1 ,& a f>m] holl]+ ,skite6 ,looky !re6 ,& ! fir/ "o said ,hi-j9ktum6 ,& ! next1 ,hi-j9ktum-jee6 ,& ! la/ "o said1 ,!m v words ,has j occurr$ to me6 ,looky !re6 7,%[+ ! tatt]$ seat ( 8 pants47 ,?is is ! hunt+ song ( ! ,am]ican ,b&]-log,b1 & ?is k9d ( hunt+ is bett] ?an ! k9d t ne$s a gun4 ,to "o :o falls into ! habit ( x1 ! gun is inde$ a useless tool4 ,i am rem9d$ ( a day ,i sp5t ) a gun at a remote place 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e1 dur+ ! #be days ,i h camp$ !re on f\r diff]5t trips1 ,i h se5 z _m z #aej ( ! wilde/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican animals1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 %eep4 ,i lay 9 ambu% = ?ree h\rs wait+ = %eep1 & ! %eep came2 b !y 7 out ( range aga9 be=e ,i saw !m because ,i _h become s int]e/$ 9 kill+ mosquitoes6 ,i tim$ myself at int]vals1 & #hj p] m9ute = ?ree solid h\rs makes an hone/ e/imate ( #ad1djj4 ,& ,i 0 hungry1 too4 ,i fancy ! %eep 7 n fright5$ b wi%$ ! good "w to g on undi/urb$4 ,d y1 p]haps1 l c&y8 ,did y ev] consid] t ! only sweetmeat our =efa!rs _h = ?\s&s ( ye>s 0 wild honey8 ,& ^? s\r times--if ,i may call !m su*--be=e ! days ( sug> & c&y1 come mu* ne>] to u ?an y realize1 = ,i c rememb] my own gr&fa!r's tales ( bee-hunt+ 9 ,t5nessee4 ,j imag9e h[ excit+ x mu/ h be5 9 ! days ( long-ago to f9d a tree load$ )--c&y6 ,a bee tree6 ,if ,bill 7 to g back ) me to ! wild woods ( ,t5nessee1 "s ?rill ( t old excitem5t w\ld well up f ! dep?s ( 8 s\l at f9d+ su* a tree4 ,y may wond] :at ,i am driv+ at1 s ,i w tell y1 t "o ( ! mo/ excit+ exp]i5ces ( my boyhood 0 a battle ) a colony ( bumble bees4 ,i 0 l$ into x by an old] companion & ! ardor & excitem5t ( t battle1 z ,i ev5 n[ rememb] x1 are :olly inexplicable to me except ,i ?9k ( x z a repres5tation ?r\gh inh]it$ in/9ct ( a t5-?\s&-ye>s' se>* = wild honey4 ,my s*ool+ grew out ( in/9ctive reactions t[>d natural ?+s2 hunt+ & fi%+1 digg+ & plant+ 9 ! ,spr+1 nutt+ 9 ! ,fall1 & ! ?\s&s ( v>iations :i* ^! ?+s involve1 & ,i believe t ! play ( in/9ct is ! only solid basis ( gr[? ( a boy or girl4 ,i believe1 fur!rmore1 t ! v ess5ce ( boy humor is b\nd up ) ! amaz+ incongruity ( 8 in/9cts4 ,0 !re ev] a boy ^: in/9cts 7_m ( !m m]e fatuity l 8 dige/ive app5dix7 h n l$ him "t & aga9 into j ?9 air1 to say no?+ ( wat] & mud6 ,= my "p ,i h nev] kn[n any?+ m supremely funny ?an le>n+ :at a hopeless mess ( wood pulp & worms a bumble-bee's ne/ really is1 except1 p]haps1 see+ ano!r boy le>n ! same /++ lesson4 ,! use ( =mulas1 too1 is unque/ionably in/9ctive1 & we all "k h[ apt a boy is to indulge 9 =mulas ( ! hocus-pocus sort1 l ,tom ,sawy]'s recipe = remov+ w>ts by ! comb9$ *>m ( black midnight & a black cat1 dead4 ,& a boy arrives only late 9 8 boyhood1 if ev]1 to "s s5se ( ! di/9ction betwe5 =mulas ( ?is k9d & su* z are vital & rational4 ,i ?9k t !re is mu* in/ruction & a great deal ( humor connect$ ) ! play ( ?is in/9ctive t5d5cy4 ,i rememb] a great big boy1 a hir$ man on my gr&fa!r's f>m1 9 fact1 :o 0 l$ into a fight ) a ne/ ( hornets ) ! expectation t he w\ld be> a *>m$ sk9 if he %\t$ 9 l\d repetition ! words1 ,jew's-h>p1 jew's-h>p4 ,talk ab\t cat*+ birds by putt+ salt on _! tails6 ,once1 z ,i r[$ ar\nd a b5d on a small /ream1 ,i saw a s&-hill crane /alk+ along ! %ore4 ,into ! wat] ,i w5t ) ! sudd5ly conceiv$ idea t ,i c\ld cat* t crane1 &1 swimm+ l[1 ,i rea*$ ! %ore1 ab\t #bj feet f ! bird1 jump$ quickly out ( ! wat]1 made a sudd5 da% & ! bird 0 captur$6 ,once ,i saw a catfi%1 gasp+ = air at ! surface ( wat] t _h be5 muddi$ by ! op5+ ( a sluice-way 9 a dam4 ,swimm+ up beh9d ! fi%1 ,i jamb$ a h& into ea* gill1 &1 help$ by ! fi%'s tail1 ,i pu%$ x a%ore2 & x weigh$ #cf p\nds6 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 by ! "n ( ,/ebb9s1 once foll[$ 8 dog 9 a *ase aft] a jack rabbit4 ,! rabbit made a wide circle & came back to its own trail "s di/ance ahead ( ! dog1 !n x made a big sidewise jump1 & sat look+ at ! dog z x pass$ by2 s int5tly inde$ t ,/ebb9s walk$ up beh9d ! rabbit & took x up ) 8 h&s4 ,i ?9k y w agree ) me t my outdoor s*ool 0 a wond]ful ?+4 ,! ,l& ( ,out-(-,doors6 ,to "y p ! be/ s*ool & play-h\se1 & to old] p an endless asylum ( delight4 ,! grass s little has to d1 ,a sph]e ( simple gre5 ,) only butt]flies to brood ,& bees to ent]ta94 ,& /ir all day to pretty tunes ,! breezes fet* along1 ,& hold ! sun%9e 9 its lap ,& b[--to ev]y?+4 ,& ?read ! dew all night1 l pe>ls1 ,& make itself s f9e1 ,a du*ess 7 too common ,= su* a notic+4 ,& ev5 :5 x dies1 to pass ,9 odors s div9e ,z l[ly spices gone to sleep1 ,or amulets ( p9e4 ,& !n to dwell 9 sov]eign b>ns ,& dream ! days away1 ,! grass s little has to d-- ,i wi% ,i 7 ! hay4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! mo/ important ?+1 ,i %\ld say1 = ! success ( ,bill's f9e s*ool is t ample opportunity be giv5 to ,bill = e v>iety ( play includ+ swimm+ & skat+1 & :]ev] possible1 boat+4 ,x is ridicul\s to attempt to tea* ,bill any?+ )\t ! sub/antial results ( play to build ^u4 ,playgr\nds are ! *eape/ &1 9 _m respects1 ! be/ ( s*ools1 b !y are almo/ entirely lack+ 9 _m ( our t[ns :i* h gr[n to cities 9 a g5]ation 9 ?is great nation ( villag]s4 ,! ,bor\ghs ( ! ,be?lehems1 = example1 h no playgr\nd connect$ ) a ,public ,s*ool1 nor any o!r public place :]e boys c play ball4 ,,:at ,,d ,,y ,,?9k8 7,?is & ! foll[+ communication are f a small pap]1 pr9t$ & publi%$ by two ,be?lehem boys47 ,we1 ! editors1 h be5 dragg$ along back alleys1 across op5 sew]s1 & ?r\gh rank gr[?s ( we$ & ?i/le to view ! ,monocacy mead[s to consid] ! possibility ( _! use z a playgr\nd or p>k4 ,we are n mu* impress$ ) ! proposal1 ! place is app>5tly hopeless1 b ! p>k en?usia/ c\ld n be t\*$ by argum5t4 ,to our v practical objection t ! co/ w\ld be excessive1 he made ! fooli% reply t !re is no co/ b a sav+ 9 us+ :at has hi!rto be5 wa/$4 ,to our express$ disgu/ = ! op5 sew]s & fil? he repli$ t t 0 beside ! "q1 =1 z he said1 we mu/ soon] or lat] take c>e ( ! fil? anyway4 ,b1 we said1 ! creek is contam9at$ above ! t[n4 ,v well1 he repli$1 we h ! "r to prohibit su* contam9ation4 ,b wor/ ( all1 9 d\ble mean+1 0 8 in/ant agreem5t to our /atem5t t we _h our cemet]ies :i*1 he said1 7 really bett] ?an any ,be?lehem p>k c\ld be4 ,,communication4 ,de> ,editors3 ,i took a walk along ! ,monocacy ,creek on ,sunday aft]noon & discov]$ cle> wat] sev]al miles above t[n & a f9e skat+ pond2 b ,i suppose t y & all ( y\r subscrib]s w h to g to our ent]pris+ neighbor1 ,all5t[n1 to f9d any well-kept ice to skate on ?is ,w9t]4 ,mo/ p ?9k t y boys c swim 9 ,nature's own wat]1 skate on ,nature's own ice1 & roam 9 ,nature's own woods1 b x is absolutely c]ta9 t y\r eld]s mu/ take "s c>e & pa9s if y t[n boys are to d any ( ^! ?+s4 ,& yet1 "h 9 ! ,ea/1 *ildr5 are said to be br\ght up 7imply+ c>e & pa9s7 & hogs are said to be rais$ 7imply+ only fe$+74 ,i ?ank ! ,"l t ,i 0 rais$ 9 ! ,we/ :]e !re are no su* false di/9ctions4 ,y\r subscrib]1 ,s4 ,p4,s4--,z ,i came home cov]$ ) begg>-lice & cockle-burrs ,i saw a r+ ( fire on ,s\? ,m\nta91 an annual occurr5ce :i* has be5 delay$ a :ole week ?is ,autumn by a fl\ri% ( po/]s 9 sev]al languages (f]+ ,"o ,hundr$ ,doll>s ,rew>d6 ,s4 ,9 ^! days ( /eam & electricity we boa/ ( hav+ conqu]$ nature4 ,well1 we h got to dome/icate nature be=e mu* else c be accompli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry ( ours4 ,we h got to take c>e ( our brooks & our riv]s1 ( our op5 l&s & our wood$ hills4 ,we h got to d x1 & ,bill w\ld be bett] (f if we took half ( ! co/ ( 8 f9e s*ool to meet ! exp5se ( do+ x4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ,i belong$ to ! ,b&]-log1 b ,bill belongs to ano!r tribe1 ! ,rats1 & !re is no?+ ,i w\ld l s mu* to d z to turn ,pi$ ,pip] & lure ! entire brood ( ,be?lehem boys & girls to ,fri$5sville,c & into t awful *asm ( cry/al wat] to come back no m1 no1 n ev5 :5 an awak5$ civic consci\sness _h made a p>k ( ! beautiful ,monocacy mead[s & conv]t$ ! creek into a *a91 a regul> ,diamond ,necklace ( swimm+ holes4 ,i beg ! g>bage m5's 7n a pr9t]'s error = man's7 p>don = speak+ ( ! beautiful ,monocacy mead[s4 ,i ref] to :at has be5 & to :at might easily cont9ue to be4 ,z = ! ,diamond ,necklace1 t1 ( c\rse1 w\ld h to be above our gas works :]e ! small /ream ( pure t> n[ jo9s ! ma9 /ream4 ,i "k a small riv] 9 ,kansas :i* is bord]$ by ri* bottom l&s f "o-half to "o mile 9 wid? betwe5 beautifully scallop$ bluffs--:]e ! upl& prairie ends4 ,9 e>ly days ?ick cov]+ ( grass 0 ev]y:]e1 & ! cle> /ream1 teem+ ) life1 w\nd its way along a deep *annel among scatt]$ clu/]s ( l>ge walnut trees & d5se groves ( elm & cotton wood1 rippl+ "h & !re ov] b$s ( rock4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 e foot ( gr\nd1 high & l[1 is mell[$ by ! pl[1 & ! la/ "t ,i saw ! once beautiful valley ( ,wolf ,riv] x 0 z if ! :ole e>? _h melt$ ) ! ra9s ( ,june1 su* deva/ation ( mud 0 !re6 ,surely x requires m ?an ! pl[ to dome/icate nature2 inde$1 s9ce ,i h liv$ betwe5 ! coal-be>+ ,allegh5ies & ! sea1 ,i h come to believe t x may require m ?an ! pl[ & ! cr[d$ iron furnace1 su* pe/il5ce ( refuse & fil? is "h6 #a ,i suppose t ,i am z famili> ) ! requirem5ts ( mod]n indu/ry z any man liv+1 & z ready to tol]ate ev]y?+ t is economically wise1 b e day z ,i walk to & fro ,i see our ,monocacy ,creek cov]$ ) a scum ( t>1 & 9 cross+ ! riv] bridge ,i see a half mile long heap ( rott+ refuse s]v+ ! ,lehigh z a bank on ! s\!rn side2 n all furnace refuse ei!r by any means1 b nameless /9k+ /uff ca/ (f by an indiff]5t population & c>elessly left 9 its v mid/ 9 "o long unprec$5t$ panorama ( putresc5t ugl9ess6 ,& :51 on spl5did ,autumn days1 ! ne>by slopes ( old ,s\? ,m\nta9 lift ! eyes into pure oblivion ( ^! di/ress+ ?+s1 ,i see aga9 & aga9 a l9e ( fire sweep+ ?r\gh ! scanty woods4 ,?is ,i h se5 e ,autumn s9ce fir/ ,i came to ,be?lehem4 ,x is easy to speak 9 amus+ hyp]bole ( g>bage heaps & ( brooks bef\l$ ) t>1 b to h se5 "o useless fl\ri% ( po/]s on ,s\? ,m\nta9 9 fifte5 ye>s6 ,t is beyond any possible t\* ( humor4 ,x is inde$ un=tunate t our riv] is n fit = boys to swim 91 & x is n1 = ,i h tri$ x1 & ,i am n fa/idi\s ei!r1 hav+ liv$ an amphibi\s boyhood on ! banks ( ! muddie/ riv] 9 ! _w2 b x is a positive disgrace t our riv] is n fit to look at1 t x is good = no?+ :atev] b to dr9k2 mu* too good1 "o w\ld ?9k1 = p :o protect ! only /ret* ( woodl& t is accessible to _! boys & girls by a m]e fl\ri% ( po/]s6#b ,i 0 born 9 ,kansas :5 its inhabitants 7 l>gely ,indians1 & :5 its greate/ res\rce 0 wild buffalo sk9s2 & :atev] objection y may h to ?is description ( my pres5t home-place betwe5 ! coal-be>+ ,allegh5ies & ! sea1 please d n imag9e t ,i h a sophi/icat$ s5tim5tality t[>ds ! ,beauties ( ,nature6 ,no1 ,i am /ill en\gh ( an ,indian to ?9k *iefly ( my belly :5 ,i look at a /ret* ( c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,i l ! sugge/ion ( hog-&-hom9y :i* spreads = miles & miles b5ea? ! sky1 & "h 9 ! ,ea/ ,i l ! promise ( pill>s ( fire & smoke & ,i l ! song ( /eam6 ,bill's ,s*ool & ,m9e6 ,x may seem t ,i h said a great deal ab\t my s*ool1 & v little ab\t ,bill's4 ,b :at is ,bill's s*ool8 ,surely1 ,bill's f9e s*ool-h\se & spl5did tea*]s1 & ,bill's good "m are n all !re is to ,bill's s*ool4 ,no1 ,bill's s*ool is z big z all ,be?lehem1 & 9 its bigg] aspects x is a bad s*ool1 bad because ,bill has no opportunity to play z a boy %\ld play1 & bad because ,bill has no opportunity to "w z a boy %\ld "w4 ,i b'en a-k9do mus9'1 z ! fell] says1 & ,i'm ,ab\t o' ! conclusion t !y a9't no bett] "t1 ,:5 y come to cyph] on x1 ?an ! times we us$ to "k1 ,:5 we swore our fir/ 'dog-gone-x' sorto solem'-l & l[4 ,y git my idy1 d y8--,,little tads1 y und]/&-- ,jes' a wi%9'1 ?ue & ?ue y1 t y on'y 0 a ,,man4 ,yet "h ,i am ?is m9ute1 ev5 =ty1 to a day1 ,& f]gitt9' all t's 9 x1 wi%9' jes ! o!r way6 ,i wond] if our ,bill w wi% ! o!r way :5 he is a man8 ,inde$1 ,i wond] if he w ev] ,,be a man4 ,if we c\ld only c\nt on t1 ,bill's s*ool w\ld n be our problem4 ,,play ,,z ,a ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,application4 ,nev] yet 0 a boy :o dream$ ( ice-cream sundaes :ile play+ ball4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page #bd ,,play ,,z ,a ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,application4 ,nev] yet 0 a boy :o dream$ ( ice-cream sundaes :ile play+ ball4 ,e "o kn[s t play means heal? & happ9ess to *ildr51 & ne>ly e "o ?9ks ( ! playgr\nds movem5t z bas$ solely on ideals ( heal? & ideals ( happ9ess 9 a r n>r[ s5se2 b ! movem5t means mu* m ?an heal? & happ9ess z ^! t]ms are g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! ,indian boy's play1 :i* includ$ practice ) ! b[ & arr[1 foot rac+1 ball play+ & horse-back rid+1 0 p]fectly adapt$ to ! ne$s ( 8 adult life1 b h[ ab\t base ball & prison]'s base = ! boy :o is to become a salesman or a me*anic1 a physician or an eng9e]8 ,good fun & a good appetite c]ta9ly come f ^! games1 & "o may also place to _! cr$it a temp]$ reasonabl5ess & a high reg>d = :at is fair & squ>e2 b z a tra9+ 9 application no?+ c take _! place4 ,play z a tra9+ 9 application6 ,t c]ta9ly is a p>adox2 & yet ev]yone kn[s t play is ! fir/ ?+ 9 life to give rise to t peculi> ov]:elm+ eag]ness :i* alone c br+ e atom ( "o's /r5g? into action4 ,ability to focus "o's :ole m9d ^u an und]tak+ & to apply "o's :ole body 9 conc5trat$ ef=t is :at our boys & girls are mo/ 9 ne$ (1 & vigor\s competitive play s]ves bett] ?an any?+ else1 if1 inde$ !re is any?+ else to create x4 ,int5se & eag] application6 ,t means n only an escape f laz9ess & apa?y1 b eag]ness is ! only ?+ 9 ! _w t defies fatigue4 ,a heal?y boy c put =? an amaz+ am\nt ( physical ef=t & be fre% at ! end ( a day ( play4 ,& a man ^: habit ( application is s highly develop$ t x assumes a quality ( eag]ness & nev] fails 9 absolute s+l5ess ( purpose1 is !re any limit to :at su* a man c d8 99 99 99 99 99 ,e "o kn[s t play means heal? & happ9ess to *ildr51 & ne>ly e "o ?9ks ( ! playgr\nds movem5t z bas$ solely on ideals ( heal? & ideals ( happ9ess 9 a r n>r[ s5se2 b ! movem5t means mu* m ?an heal? & happ9ess z ^! t]ms are g5]ally und]/ood4#c ,! ,indian boy's play1 :i* includ$ practice ) ! b[ & arr[1 foot rac+1 ball play+ & horse-back rid+1 0 p]fectly adapt$ to ! ne$s ( 8 adult life1 b h[ ab\t base ball & prison]'s base = ! boy :o is to become a salesman or a me*anic1 a physician or an eng9e]8 ,good fun & a good appetite c]ta9ly come f ^! games1 & "o may also place to _! cr$it a temp]$ reasonabl5ess & a high reg>d = :at is fair & squ>e2 b z a tra9+ 9 application no?+ c take _! place4 ,play z a tra9+ 9 application6 ,t c]ta9ly is a p>adox2 & yet ev]yone kn[s t play is ! fir/ ?+ 9 life to give rise to t peculi> ov]:elm+ eag]ness :i* alone c br+ e atom ( "o's /r5g? into action4 ,ability to focus "o's :ole m9d ^u an und]tak+ & to apply "o's :ole body 9 conc5trat$ ef=t is :at our boys & girls are mo/ 9 ne$ (1 & vigor\s competitive play s]ves bett] ?an any?+ else1 if1 inde$ !re is any?+ else to create x4 ,int5se & eag] application6 ,t means n only an escape f laz9ess & apa?y1 b eag]ness is ! only ?+ 9 ! _w t defies fatigue4 ,a heal?y boy c put =? an amaz+ am\nt ( physical ef=t & be fre% at ! end ( a day ( play4 ,& a man ^: habit ( application is s highly develop$ t x assumes a quality ( eag]ness & nev] fails 9 absolute s+l5ess ( purpose1 is !re any limit to :at su* a man c d8 ,,! ,,en]giz+ ,,( ,,play4 ,/r5u\s play leads to /r5u\s "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page #bh ,,! ,,en]giz+ ,,( ,,play4 ,/r5u\s play leads to /r5u\s "w4 ,play ,ball4 ,sc>cely m ?an a g5]ation ago e ,am]ican boy came "u ! spell ( hunt+ & fi%+2 & !re is no m p[]ful inc5tive to labori\s days1 nor any anodyne s pot5t = bodily discom=t & h>d%ip6 ,a hunt+ & fi%+ boyhood6 ,su* has be5 ! *ief s\rce ( human en]gy 9 ?is lazy _w ( ours1 ! *ief basis ( life-long habit ( p]si/5t & /r5u\s ef=t2 & ! problem ( educational play is to a great ext5t ! problem ( f9d+ an effective sub/itute = ! lure ( ! wild = /imulat+ "y p to int5se activity4 ,! lure ( ! wild6 ,alas x is b a poet's fancy 9 ?is tame _w ( ours4 ,b our boys rema9 z a p]5nial race ( ,wild ,indians h[ev] tame ! _w may come to be2 & =tunately !y are n dep5d5t ^u completely tru?ful ext]nals4 ,! g5u9e ,wild ,indian becomes a sorry spectacle1 ev5 if he does n sick5 & die1 :5 he is depriv$ ( 8 millions ( squ>e miles ( wild buffalo c\ntry2 b our boy ,bill _c h su* an out-(-doors1 nev] aga9 z long z ! e>? %all la/4 ,inde$ he has no ne$ ( su* a ?+1 = if 8 fancy is /irr$ by ard5t playmates he w *ase an imag9>y /ag ar\nd a vacant lot all day if only !re is a mixture ( e>? & sky & gre5]y to set (f 8 make believe--& eat mu% & milk :5 ! day is done6 ,inde$ y\ng/]s mu/ hunt 9 packs1 z ,:itcomb ,riley tells 9 8 ,hunt+ ,song ( ! ,am]ican ,b&]-,log1 & ! gang idea conta9s ! ultimate solution ( :at w\ld o!rwise be an impossible problem1 namely1 to f9d an effective sub/itute = ! lure ( ! wild = ! en]giz+ ( ! int5sely active k9d ( play1 ! k9d ( play t tra9s = application1 ! k9d t approa*es hunt+ & fi%+ or tribal w>f>e or ! settl+ ( a blood-feud 9 its p]si/5t1 s+le-m9d$ & /r5u\s activity4 ,_m gr[n-ups seem to ?9k t m]e p]mission is n[ a suffici5t basis = play1 z x 0 9 pione] & rural days4 ,inde$ ?is is l>gely true = v small *ildr5 :o c sit 9 ! sun%9e & make mud pies or dig holes 9 a b$ ( s&2 b ) old] boys x is diff]5t4 ,!y may inde$ fight or /eal1 or engage 9 ! wor/ v>ieties ( gang activity1 or sit by a fire 9 a back alley talk+ sex l gr[n-up sordidly imag9ative ,hott5tots 9 ,d>ke/ ,africa2 b /r5u\s play requires sugge/ive example & organization1 z ) our ,boy ,sc\ts2 & x dep5ds to a v great ext5t ^u competitive a?letics4 ,a doz5 l>ge ball fields & two or ?ree good-siz$ swimm+ pools are1 next to 8 food1 ! mo/ important ?+ = our boy ,bill2 & !y w\ld d m to make him into an en]getic & indu/ri\s man ?an all ! re/ ( 8 s*ool "w put toge!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sc>cely m ?an a g5]ation ago e ,am]ican boy came "u ! spell ( hunt+ & fi%+2 & !re is no m p[]ful inc5tive to labori\s days1 nor any anodyne s pot5t = bodily discom=t & h>d%ip6 ,a hunt+ & fi%+ boyhood6 ,su* has be5 ! *ief s\rce ( human en]gy 9 ?is lazy _w ( ours1 ! *ief basis ( life-long habit ( p]si/5t & /r5u\s ef=t2 & ! problem ( educational play is to a great ext5t ! problem ( f9d+ an effective sub/itute = ! lure ( ! wild = /imulat+ "y p to int5se activity4#d ,! lure ( ! wild6 ,alas x is b a poet's fancy 9 ?is tame _w ( ours4 ,b our boys rema9 z a p]5nial race ( ,wild ,indians h[ev] tame ! _w may come to be2 & =tunately !y are n dep5d5t ^u completely tru?ful ext]nals4 ,! g5u9e ,wild ,indian becomes a sorry spectacle1 ev5 if he does n sick5 & die1 :5 he is depriv$ ( 8 millions ( squ>e miles ( wild buffalo c\ntry2 b our boy ,bill _c h su* an out-(-doors1 nev] aga9 z long z ! e>? %all la/4 ,inde$ he has no ne$ ( su* a ?+1 = if 8 fancy is /irr$ by ard5t playmates he w *ase an imag9>y /ag ar\nd a vacant lot all day if only !re is a mixture ( e>? & sky & gre5]y to set (f 8 make believe--& eat mu% & milk :5 ! day is done6 ,inde$ y\ng/]s mu/ hunt 9 packs1 z ,:itcomb ,riley tells 9 8 ,hunt+ ,song ( ! ,am]ican ,b&]-,log1 & ! gang idea conta9s ! ultimate solution ( :at w\ld o!rwise be an impossible problem1 namely1 to f9d an effective sub/itute = ! lure ( ! wild = ! en]giz+ ( ! int5sely active k9d ( play1 ! k9d ( play t tra9s = application1 ! k9d t approa*es hunt+ & fi%+ or tribal w>f>e or ! settl+ ( a blood-feud 9 its p]si/5t1 s+le-m9d$ & /r5u\s activity4 ,_m gr[n-ups seem to ?9k t m]e p]mission is n[ a suffici5t basis = play1 z x 0 9 pione] & rural days4 ,inde$ ?is is l>gely true = v small *ildr5 :o c sit 9 ! sun%9e & make mud pies or dig holes 9 a b$ ( s&2 b ) old] boys x is diff]5t4 ,!y may inde$ fight or /eal1 or engage 9 ! wor/ v>ieties ( gang activity1 or sit by a fire 9 a back alley talk+ sex l gr[n-up sordidly imag9ative ,hott5tots 9 ,d>ke/ ,africa2 b /r5u\s play requires sugge/ive example & organization1 z ) our ,boy ,sc\ts2 & x dep5ds to a v great ext5t ^u competitive a?letics4 ,a doz5 l>ge ball fields & two or ?ree good-siz$ swimm+ pools are1 next to 8 food1 ! mo/ important ?+ = our boy ,bill2 & !y w\ld d m to make him into an en]getic & indu/ri\s man ?an all ! re/ ( 8 s*ool "w put toge!r4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,grau !ur] ,freund i/ alle ,!orie ,und gru5 des ,leb5s gold5] ,baum4 ,,goe! ,ev]yone realizes ! con/ra9t t is plac$ ^u ! lives ( m5 by ! physical necessities ( ! _w 9 :i* we live1 & al?\gh 9 "o way ?is con/ra9t is m & m reliev$ ) ! progress ( ! appli$ sci5ces1 9 ano!r way x becomes m & m exact+4 ,x is inde$ easi] to cross ! ,atlantic ,ocean n[ ?an x 0 9 ,leif ,ericsson's "t1 b consid] ! discipl9e ( ! %op1 & above all consid] ! rules ( ma*9e design6 ,c\ld ev5 ! h>dy ,norsem5 h kn[n any?+ z uncompromis+ly exact+ z ^!8 ,to d ?+s becomes easi] & easi]1 b to le>n h[ to d ?+s becomes m & m difficult4 ,e p]son ,i h ev] talk$ )1 old or "y1 !ori/ or practician1 /ud5t-9-g5]al or speciali/ 9 :atev] l9e1 has exhibit$ m or less di/9ctly a c]ta9 attitude ( impati5ce t[>ds ! exactions ( ?is or t phase ( ! precise modes ( ?\ght ( ! physical sci5ces4 ,da wird d] ,gei/ ,eu* wohl dressi]t ,9 spanis*e ,/iefeln e+es*nu]t4 ,9 a rec5t article,d on ! di/9ction betwe5 ! lib]al & te*nical 9 education1 my fri5d & colleague1 ,pr(essor ,p]cy ,hughes1 says t 9 speak+ ( an education z lib]al we !reby associate x ) lib]alism 9 politics1 9 philosophy & !ology1 & 9 m5's p]sonal relations ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ea* case lib]alism seems fundam5tally1 to d5ote fre$om1 & lib]alism 9 education is ! fre$om ( developm5t 9 ea* individual ( t "* & p]sonality :i* is 8 true nature4 ,all ?is ,i accept 9 ! _s ( an optimi/1 assum+ m5's true natures to be good1 b ,i d n1 & ,i am sure t ,pr(essor ,hughes does n1 consid] t te*nical education1 unless x be inexcusably h>% & n>r[1 is illib]al2 nor t lib]al education1 unless x be inexcusably s(t & vague1 is :olly non-te*nical4 ,! lib]al & ! te*nical are n two k9ds ( education1 ea* complete 9 itself4 ,inde$1 ,pr(essor ,hughes speaks ( lib]al education1 n z a category1 b z a condition :i* makes = fre$om ( developm5t ( p]sonality & "*4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t !re are phases ( education :i* h b little to d ) p]sonality1 & ,i call to y\r att5tion ?is def9ition ( lib]alism 9 education1 9 ord] t ,i may turn %>ply away f x z a p>tial def9ition :i*1 to a great ext5t1 excludes ! physical sci5ces4 ,inde$1 ,i wi% to speak ( a condition 9 education :i* is ! anti!sis ( fre$om4 ,i wi% to expla9 ! tea*+ ( elem5t>y physical sci5ce z a mode ( con/ra9t1 z an impress$ con/ructive discipl9e )\t :i* no fre$om is possible 9 our deal+s ) physical ?+s4 ,i wi% to *>act]ize ! /udy ( elem5t>y physical sci5ce z a reorganization ( ! workaday m9d ( a "y man z complete z ! pupation ( an insect2 & ,i wi% to emphasize ! necessity ( exact+ con/ra9t z ! ess5tial condition ( ?is reorganization4 ,!re is a k9d ( salam&]1 ! axolotl1 :i* lives a tadpole-l y\? & nev] *anges to ! adult =m unless a /ress ( dry wea!r annihilates 8 wat]y _w2 b he lives always & reproduces 8 k9d z a tadpole1 & a v funny-look+ tadpole he is1 ) 8 lungs hang+ l fea!ry tassels f ! sides ( 8 head4 ,:5 ! aquatic home ( ! axolotl dries up1 he quickly develops a pair ( int]nal lungs1 lops (f 8 tassels & emb>ks on a new mode ( life on l&4 ,s x is ) our "y m5 :o are to develop beyond ! tadpole /age1 !y mu/ meet ) quick & responsive inw>d gr[? t new & increas+ /ress ( dryness1 z _m are wont to call our mod]n age ( sci5ce & organiz$ indu/ry4 ,/ress ( dryness6 ,inde$ no fl[ ( humor is to be f\nd 9 ! deta*$ imp]sonalities ( ! sci5ces1 & if we are to und]/& ! *>act]i/ics ( physical sci5ce we mu/ turn our att5tion to ?+s :i* lead inevitably to an exact+ & rigid ma!matical philosophy4 ,x c]ta9ly is presumptive to tell a read] t he mu/ turn 8 att5tion to su* a ?+1 b !re is no o!r way2 ! be/ we c d is to *oose ! simple/ pa?4 ,let u !re=e consid] ! famili> ph5om5a ( motion4 ,! mo/ prom95t aspect ( all ph5om5a is motion4 ,9 t realm ( nature :i* is n ( man's devis+,e motion is univ]sal4 ,9 ! o!r realm ( nature1 ! realm ( ?+s devis$1 motion is no less prom95t4 ,e purpose ( our practical life is accompli%$ by movem5ts ( ! body & by direct$ movem5ts ( tools & me*anisms1 su* z ! sw+ ( scy! & flail1 & ! /udi$ movem5ts ( plan] & la! f :i* are evolv$ ! /rong-arm$ /eam %ovel & ! deft-f+]$ loom4 ,! laws ( motion4 ,e "o has a s5se ( ! absurdity ( ! idea ( r$uc+ ! m complicat$ ph5om5a ( nature to an ord]ly sy/em ( me*anical law4 ,to speak ( motion is to call to m9d fir/ ( all ! ph5om5a t are associat$ ) ! excessively complicat$1 incessantly *ang+1 turbul5t & tumbl+ motion ( w9d & wat]4 ,^! ph5om5a h always _h ! mo/ insi/5t appeal to u1 !y h confront$ u ev]y:]e & always1 & life is an un5d+ conte/ ) _! =tuit\s div]sity1 :i* rises only too (t5 to irresi/ible sweeps ( de/ruction 9 fire & flood1 & 9 irresi/ible cra% ( collision & collapse :]e all ?+s m+le 9 "o dread fluid confusion6 ,! laws ( motion6 ,consid] ! awful complexity ( a disa/r\s tornado or ! dreadful confusion ( a railway wreck1 & und]/& t :at we call ! laws ( motion1 al?\gh !y h a great deal to d ) ! ways 9 :i* we ?9k1 h v little to d ) ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,! laws ( motion6 ,!re is inde$ a t\* ( arrogance 9 su* a phrase ) its unw>rant$ sugge/ion ( complet5ess & univ]sality1 & yet ! ideas :i* con/itute ! laws ( motion h an almo/ unlimit$ ext5t ( legitimate range1 & ^! ideas mu/ be possess$ ) a p]fect precision if "o is to acquire any solid k :atev] ( ! ph5om5a ( motion4 ,! necessity ( precise ideas4 ,h]e9 lies ! impossibility ( compromise & ! necessity ( co]cion & con/ra9t2 "o mu/ ?9k s & s1 !re is no o!r way4 ,& yet !re is always a conflict 9 ! m9d ( ev5 ! mo/ will+ /ud5t because ( ! con/ra9t :i* precise ideas place ^u our vivid & primitively adequate s5se ( physical ?+s2 & ?is conflict is p]5nial b x is by no means a "o-sid$ conflict betwe5 m]e crudity & ref9em5t1 = ref9em5t ignores _m ?+s4 ,inde$1 precise ideas n only help to =m,f our s5se ( ! _w 9 :i* we live b !y inhibit s5se z well1 & _! rigid & un*all5g$ rule w\ld be inde$ a /ress ( dryness4 ,! laws ( motion4 ,we return aga9 & yet aga9 to ! subject1 = "o is n to be det]r$ !refrom by any concession ( inadequacy1 no1 nor by any degree ( respect = ! vivid y\?ful s5se ( ^? ?+s :i* to suit our n>r[ purpose mu/ be /ripp$ completely b>e4 ,x is un=tunate1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ famili> type ( motion1 ! fl[+ ( wat] or ! bl[+ ( ! w9d1 is bewild]+ly useless z a basis = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! simple & precise ideas :i* are call$ ! laws ( motion1 & :i* are ! mo/ important ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( physics4 ,^! ideas h 9 fact gr[n out ( ! /udy ( ! simple ph5om5a :i* are associat$ ) ! motion ( bodies 9 bulk )\t p]ceptible *ange ( =m1 ! motion ( rigid bodies1 s call$4 ,be=e n>r[+ d[n ! scope ( ! discussion1 h[ev]1 let u illu/rate a v g5]al application ( ! simple/ idea ( motion1 ! idea ( velocity4 ,e "o has1 no d\bt1 an idea ( :at is meant by ! velocity ( ! w9d2 & a sailor1 hav+ :at he calls a t5-knot w9d1 kn[s t he c manage 8 boat ) a c]ta9 spread ( canvas & t he c accompli% a c]ta9 portion ( 8 voyage 9 a giv5 "t2 b an exp]i5c$ sailor1 al?\gh he speaks glibly ( a t5-knot w9d1 belies 8 spee* by tak+ wise precaution aga9/ e conceivable em]g5cy4 ,he kn[s t a t5-knot w9d is by no means a sure or a simple ?+ ) its incessant bla/s & :irls2 & a s5sitive anemomet]1 hav+ m reg>d = m9utiae ?an any sailor1 usually regi/]s 9 e w9d a numb] ( almo/ complete b excessively irregul> /ops & />ts e m9ute & v>iations ( direction t sweep ar\nd half ! horizon6 ,w] w 0 ,leb5dig's erk5n5 und bes*reib5 ,su*t er/ d5 ,gei/ h]aus zu treib54 ,,goe!4 ,we mu/ evid5tly direct our att5tion to some?+ simpl] ?an ! w9d4 ,let u1 !re=e1 consid] ! draw+ ( a wagon or ! propulsion ( a boat4 ,x is a famili> exp]i5ce t ef=t is requir$ to />t a body mov+ & t cont9u$ ef=t is requir$ to ma9ta9 ! motion4 ,c]ta9 v simple facts z to ! nature & effects ( ?is ef=t 7 discov]$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 & on ! basis ( ^! facts ,newton =mulat$ ! laws ( motion4 ,! ef=t requir$ to />t a body or to keep x mov+ is call$ =ce4 ,?us1 if "o />ts a box slid+ along a table "o is said to ex]t a =ce on ! box4 ,! same effect might be accompli%$ by int]pos+ a /ick betwe5 ! h& & ! box1 9 :i* case "o w\ld ex]t a =ce on ! /ick & ! /ick 9 its turn w\ld ex]t a =ce on ! box4 ,we ?us arrive at ! notion ( =ce action betwe5 inanimate bodies1 betwe5 ! /ick & ! box 9 ?is case1 & ,newton po9t$ out t ! =ce action betwe5 ! two bodies ,a & ,b always consi/s ( two equal & opposite =ces1 t is to say1 if body ,a ex]ts a =ce on ,b1 !n ,b ex]ts an equal & opposite =ce on ,a1 or1 to use ,newton's words1 action is equal to reaction & 9 a contr>y direction4 ,9 lead+ up to ?is /atem5t "o might consid] ! =ce ) :i* a p]son pu%es on ! box & ! equal & opposite =ce ) :i* ! box pu%es back on ! p]son1 b if "o does n wi% to introduce ! /ick z an int]m$i>y1 x is bett] to speak ( ! =ce ) :i* ! h& pu%es on ! box1 & ! equal & opposite =ce ) :i* ! box pu%es back on ! h&1 because 9 discuss+ physical ph5om5a x is ( ! utmo/ importance to pay att5tion only to imp]sonal #db ?+s4 ,inde$ our mod]n indu/rial life1 9 br++ m5 face to face ) an entirely unprec$5t$ array ( intricate me*anical & physical problems1 dem&s ( e "o a great & increas+ am\nt ( imp]sonal ?9k+1 & ! precise & rigor\s modes ( ?\ght ( ! physical sci5ces are be+ =c$ ^u wid5+ circles ( m5 ) a rel5tless insi/5ce--all ( :i* x 0 int5d$ to imply by ref]r+ to ! /ress ( dryness :i* ov]takes ! little axolotl 9 8 cont5t$ exi/5ce z a tadpole4 ,:5 we exam9e into ! conditions "u :i* a body />ts to move & ! conditions "u :i* a body once />t$ is kept 9 motion1 we come across a v rem>kable fact1 if we are c>eful to consid] e =ce :i* acts ^u ! body1 & ?is rem>kable fact is t ! =ces :i* act ^u a body at re/ are relat$ to ea* o!r 9 precisely ! same way z ! =ces :i* act ^u a body mov+ /eadily along a /raight pa?4 ,!re=e x is conv5i5t to consid]1 fir/ ! relation betwe5 ! =ces :i* act ^u a body at re/1 or ^u a body 9 uni=m motion1 & second ! relation betwe5 ! =ces :i* act ^u a body :i* is />t+ or /opp+ or *ang+ ! direction ( its motion4 ,suppose a p]son ,a 7 to hold a box 9 mid-air4 ,to d s x w\ld ( c\rse be necess>y = him to pu% upw>ds on ! box s z to balance ! d[nw>d pull ( ! e>?1 ! weight ( ! box z x is call$4 ,if ano!r p]son ,b 7 to take hold ( ! box & pull ^u x 9 any direction1 ,a w\ld h to ex]t an equal pull on ! box 9 ! opposite direction to keep x /ation>y4 ,! =ces :i* act ^u a /ation>y body are always balanc$4 ,e "o1 p]haps1 realizes t :at is "h said ab\t ! balanc$ relation ( ! =ces :i* act ^u a /ation>y box1 is equally true ( ! =ces :i* act on a box simil>ly held 9 a /eadily mov+ railway c> or boat4 ,!re=e1 ! =ces :i* act ^u a body :i* moves /eadily along a /raight pa? are balanc$4 ,?is is evid5tly true :5 ! mov+ body is surr\nd$ on all sides by ?+s :i* are mov+ along ) x1 z 9 a c> or a boat2 b h[ ab\t a body :i* moves /eadily along a /raight pa? b :i* is surr\nd$ by bodies :i* d n move along ) x8 ,ev]yone kn[s t "s active ag5t su* z a horse or a /eam eng9e mu/ pull /eadily ^u su* a body to keep x 9 motion4 ,if left to itself su* a mov+ body quickly comes to re/4 ,_m h1 no d\bt1 rea*$ ?is fur!r inf]5ce f exp]i5ce1 namely1 t ! t5d5cy ( mov+ bodies to come to re/ is due to ! dragg+ =ces1 or friction1 ) :i* surr\nd+ bodies act ^u a body 9 motion4 ,?us a mov+ boat is br\ght to re/ by ! drag ( ! wat] :5 ! propell+ =ce ceases to act2 a tra9 ( c>s is br\ght to re/ because ( ! drag due to friction :5 ! pull ( ! locomotive ceases2 a box :i* is mov+ across a table comes to re/ :5 left to itself1 because ( ! drag due to friction betwe5 ! box & ! table4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 always consid] two di/9ct =ces :5 we are conc]n$ ) a body :i* is kept 9 motion1 namely1 ! propell+ =ce due to "s active ag5t su* z a horse or an eng9e1 & ! dragg+ =ce due to surr\nd+ bodies4 ,newton po9t$ out t :5 a body is mov+ /eadily along a /raight pa?1 ! propell+ =ce is always equal & opposite to ! dragg+ =ce4 ,!re=e1 ,! =ces :i* act ^u a body :i* is /ation>y1 or :i* is mov+ uni=mly along a /raight pa?1 are balanc$ =ces4 ,_m hesitate to accept z a fact ! complete & exact balance ( propell+ & dragg+ =ces on a body :i* is mov+ /eadily along a /raight pa? 9 ! op51 b direct exp]im5t %[s x to be true1 & ! mo/ elaborate calculations & inf]5ces bas$ ^u ?is idea ( ! complete balance ( propell+ & dragg+ =ces on a body 9 uni=m motion are v]ifi$ by exp]im5t4 ,"o may ask1 :y a canal boat1 = example1 %\ld cont9ue to move if ! pull ( ! mule does n exce$ ! drag ( ! wat]2 b :y %\ld x /op if ! drag does n exce$ ! pull8 ,und]/& t we are n consid]+ ! />t+ ( ! boat4 ,! fact is t ! consci\s ef=t :i* "o mu/ ex]t to drive a mule1 ! co/ ( ! mule1 & ! exp5se ( 8 keep1 are :at mo/ p ?9k (1 h[ev] h>d "o tries to direct _! att5tion solely to ! /ate ( t5sion 9 ! rope t hit*es ! mule to ! boat aft] ! boat is 9 full motion2 & mo/ p consid] t if ! function ( ! mule is simply to balance ! drag ( ! wat] s z to keep ! boat f /opp+1 !n :y %\ld !re n be "s way to avoid ! co/ ( s insignificant an op]ation8 ,!re is1 inde$1 an extremely important matt] involv$ "h1 b x has no be>+ on ! "q z to ! balance ( propulsion & drag on a body :i* moves /eadily along a /raight pa?4 ,let u n[ consid] ! relation betwe5 ! =ces :i* act ^u a body :i* is *ang+ its spe$1 ^u a body :i* is be+ />t$ or /opp$1 = example4 ,ev]yone has notic$ h[ a mule /ra9s at 8 rope :5 />t+ a canal boat1 especially if ! boat is heavily load$1 & h[ ! boat cont9ues to move = a long "t aft] ! mule ceases to pull4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! pull ( ! mule greatly exce$s ! drag ( ! wat]1 & ! spe$ ( ! boat increases2 9 ! second case1 ! drag ( ! wat] ( c\rse exce$s ! pull ( ! mule1 = ! mule is n pull+ at all1 & ! spe$ ( ! boat decreases4 ,:5 ! spe$ ( a body is *ang+1 ! =ces :i* act on ! body are unbalanc$4 ,we may conclude !re=e t ! effect ( an unbalanc$ =ce act+ on a body is to *ange ! velocity ( ! body1 & x is evid5t t ! long] ! unbalanc$ =ce cont9ues to act ! great] ! *ange ( velocity4 ,?us if ! mule ceases to pull on a canal boat = "o second ! velocity ( ! boat w be b slightly r$uc$ by ! unbalanc$ drag ( ! wat]1 :]eas if ! mule ceases to pull = two seconds ! decrease ( velocity w be mu* great]4 ,9 fact ! *ange ( velocity due to a giv5 unbalanc$ =ce is proportional to ! "t t ! =ce cont9ues to act4 ,?is is exemplifi$ by a body fall+ "u ! action ( ! unbalanc$ pull ( ! e>?2 aft] "o second x w h ga9$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( velocity 7ab\t #cb feet p] second71 aft] two seconds x w h made a total ga9 ( twice z mu* velocity 7ab\t #fd feet p] second71 & s on4 ,s9ce ! velocity produc$ by an unbalanc$ =ce is proportional to ! "t t ! =ce cont9ues to act1 x is evid5t t ! effect ( ! =ce %\ld be specifi$ z s-mu*-velocity-produc$-p]-second1 exactly z 9 ! case ( e>n+ money1 ! am\nt "o e>ns is proportional to ! l5g? ( "t t "o cont9ues to "w1 & we always specify "o's e>n+ capacity z s-mu*-money-e>n$-p]-day4 ,ev]yone kn[s :at x means to give an easy pull or a h>d pull on a body4 ,t is to say1 we all h ! ideas ( great] & less z appli$ to =ces4 ,ev]ybody kn[s also t if a mule pulls h>d on a canal boat1 ! boat w get "u way m quickly ?an if ! pull is easy1 t is1 ! boat w ga9 m velocity p] unit ( "t "u ! action ( a h>d pull ?an "u ! action ( an easy pull4 ,!re=e1 any precise /atem5t ( ! effect ( an unbalanc$ =ce on a giv5 body mu/ correlate ! precise value ( ! =ce & ! exact am\nt ( velocity produc$ p] unit ( "t by ! =ce4 ,?is seems a v difficult ?+1 b its app>5t difficulty is v l>gely due to ! fact t we h n z yet agre$ z to :at we are to und]/& by ! /atem5t t "o =ce is precisely ?ree1 or f\r1 or any numb] ( times z great z ano!r4 ,suppose1 !re=e1 t we agree to call "o =ce twice z l>ge z ano!r :5 x w z produce 9 a giv5 body twice z mu* velocity 9 a giv5 "t 7rememb]+ ( c\rse t we are n[ talk+ ab\t unbalanc$ =ces1 or t we are assum+ = ! sake ( simplicity ( /atem5t1 t no dragg+ =ces exi/74 ,z a result ( ?is def9ition we may /ate t ! am\nt ( velocity produc$ p] second 9 a giv5 body by an unbalanc$ =ce is proportional to ! =ce4 ,( c\rse we "k no m ab\t ! matt] 9 h& ?an we did be=e we adopt$ ! def9ition1 b we d h a good illu/ration ( h[ important a "p is play$ 9 ! /udy ( physical sci5ce1 by :at we may call mak+-up "o's m9d1 9 ! s5se ( putt+ "o's m9d 9 ord]4 ,?is k9d ( ?+ is v prom95t 9 ! /udy ( elem5t>y physics1 & ! r indef9ite ref]5ce 79 ! /ory ( ! little tassel$ tadpole7 to an inw>d gr[? z ne$ful be=e "o c hope = any measure ( success 9 our mod]n _w ( sci5tific indu/ry 0 an allusion to ?is ?+1 ! mak+-up ( "o's m9d4 ,no?+ is s ess5tial 9 ! acquirem5t ( exact & solid k z ! possession ( precise ideas1 n inde$ t a p]fect precision is necess>y z a means = reta9+ k1 b t no?+ else s effectually op5s ! m9d = ! p]ception ev5 ( ! simple/ evid5ces ( a subject,g4 ,we h n[ settl$ ! "q z to ! effect ( diff]5t unbalanc$ =ces on a giv5 body on ! basis ( v g5]al exp]i5ce1 & by an agreem5t z to ! precise mean+ to be atta*$ to ! /atem5t t "o =ce is s _m times z great z ano!r2 b h[ ab\t ! effect ( ! same =ce ^u diff]5t bodies1 & h[ may we id5tify ! =ce s z to be sure t x is ! same8 ,x is requir$1 = example1 to ex]t a giv5 =ce on body ,a & !n ex]t ! same =ce on ano!r body ,b4 ,?is c be done by caus+ a ?ird body ,c 7a coil$ spr+1 = example7 to ex]t ! =ce2 !n ! =ces ex]t$ on ,a & ,b are ! same if ! reaction 9 ea* case produces ! same effect on body ,c 7! same degree ( /ret*1 = example74 ,conc]n+ ! effects ( ! same unbalanc$ =ce on diff]5t bodies ?ree ?+s h to be settl$ by exp]im5t z foll[s3 7a7 ,9 ! fir/ place let u suppose t a c]ta9 =ce ,f is twice z l>ge z a c]ta9 o!r =ce ,g1 accord+ to our agreem5t1 because ! =ce ,f produces twice z mu* velocity e second z =ce ,g :5 ! "o & !n ! o!r ( ^! =ces is caus$ to act ^u a giv5 body1 a piece ( lead = example4 ,!n1 does ! =ce ,f produce twice z mu* velocity e second z ! =ce ,g :atev] ! nature & size ( ! giv5 body1 :e!r x be wood1 or ice1 or sug>8 ,exp]im5t %[s t x does4 7b7 ,9 ! second place1 suppose t we h su* am\nts ( lead1 or iron1 or wood1 etc41 t a c]ta9 giv5 =ce produces ! same am\nt ( velocity p] second :5 x is made to act1 z an unbalanc$ =ce1 ^u "o or ano!r ( ^! v>i\s bodies4 ,!n :at is ! relation betwe5 ! am\nts ( ^! v>i\s sub/ances8 ,exp]im5t %[s t !y all h ! same mass 9 grams1 or p\nds1 z det]m9$ by a balance4 ,t is1 a giv5 =ce produces ! same am\nt ( velocity p] second 9 a giv5 numb] ( grams ( any k9d ( sub/ance4 ,?us ! e>? pulls ) a c]ta9 def9ite =ce 79 a giv5 locality7 ^u ,m grams ( any sub/ance &1 aside f ! dragg+ =ces due to air friction1 all k9ds ( bodies ga9 ! same am\nt ( velocity p] second :5 !y fall "u action ( ! unbalanc$ pull ( ! e>?4 7c7 ,9 ! ?ird place1 :at is ! relation betwe5 ! velocity p] second produc$ by a giv5 =ce & ! mass 9 grams 7or p\nds7 ( ! body ^u :i* x acts4 ,exp]im5t %[s t ! velocity p] second produc$ by a giv5 =ce is inv]sely proportional to ! mass ( ! body ^u :i* ! =ce acts4 ,9 speak+ ( ! mass ( ! body 9 grams 7or p\nds7 we "h ref] to ! result :i* is obta9$ by weigh+ ! body on a balance scale1 & ! exp]im5tal fact :i* is "h ref]r$ to con/itutes a v important discov]y3 namely1 :5 "o body has twice ! mass ( ano!r1 accord+ to ! balance me?od ( measur+ mass1 x is accel]at$ half z fa/ by a giv5 unbalanc$ =ce4 ,! effect ( an unbalanc$ =ce 9 produc+ velocity may !re=e be summ$ up z foll[s3 ,! velocity p] second produc$ by an unbalanc$ =ce is proportional to ! =ce & inv]sely proportional to ! mass ( ! body ^u :i* ! =ce acts1 & ! velocity produc$ by an unbalanc$ =ce is always 9 ! direction ( ! =ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we advise all m51 says ,bacon1 to ?9k ( ! true ends ( k1 & t !y endeavor n aft] x = curiosity1 cont5tion1 or ! sake ( despis+ o!rs1 nor yet = reputation or p[] or any o!r su* inf]ior consid]ation1 b solely = ! occasions & uses ( life4 ,x is difficult to imag9e any o!r basis ^u :i* ! /udy ( physics c be ju/ifi$ ?an = ! occasions & uses ( life2 9 a c]ta9 broad s5se1 inde$1 !re is no o!r ju/ification4 ,b ! great majority ( m5 mu/ ne$s be practical 9 ! n>r[ s5se1 & physics1 z ! great majority ( m5 /udy x1 relates *iefly to ! conditions :i* h be5 elaborat$ ?r\gh ! devices ( indu/ry z exemplifi$ 9 our mills & factories1 9 our ma*9]y ( transportation1 9 optical & musical in/rum5ts1 9 ! means = ! supply ( p[]1 heat1 light1 & wat] = g5]al & dome/ic use1 & s on4 ,f ?is n>r[ practical po9t ( view x may seem t !re c be no?+ v exact+ 9 ! /udy ( ! physical sci5ces2 b :at is physics8 ,t is ! "q4 ,"o def9ition at lea/ is to be repudiat$2 x is n ,! sci5ce ( masses1 molecules & ! e!r4 ,bodies h mass & railways h l5g?1 & to speak ( physics z ! sci5ce ( masses is z silly z to def9e railroad+ z ! practice ( l5g?s1 & no?+ z reasonable z ?is c be said 9 favor ( ! conception ( physics z ! sci5ce ( molecules & ! e!r2 x is ! sicklie/ possible notion ( physics1 :]eas ! heal?ie/ notion1 ev5 if a /ud5t does n :olly grasp x1 is t physics is ! sci5ce ( ! ways ( tak+ hold ( ?+s & pu%+ !m6 ,bacon long ago li/$ 9 8 qua9t way ! ?+s :i* seem$ to him mo/ ne$ful = ! advancem5t ( le>n+4 ,among o!r ?+s he m5tion$ ,a ,new ,eng9e or a ,help to ! m9d correspond+ to ,tools = ! h&1 & ! mo/ rem>kable aspect ( pres5t-day physical sci5ce is t aspect 9 :i* x con/itutes a realization ( ?is ,new ,eng9e ( ,bacon#f4 ,we cont9ually =ce ^u ! extremely meag] data obta9$ directly ?r\gh our s5ses1 an int]pretation :i*1 9 its complexity & p5etration1 w\ld seem to be entirely incomm5surate ) ! data !mselves1 & we ex]cise ov] physical ?+s a k9d ( rational control :i* greatly transc5ds ! native cunn+ ( ! h&4 ,! possibility ( ?is =c$ int]pretation & ( ?is rational control dep5ds ^u ! use ( two complexes3 7a7 ,a logical /ructure1 t is to say1 a body ( ma!matical & conceptual !ory :i* is br\ght to be> ^u ! imm$iate mat]ials ( s5se1 & 7b7 a me*anical /ructure1 t is to say1 ei!r 7#a7 a c>efully plann$ arrangem5t ( app>atus1 su* z is always necess>y 9 mak+ physical measurem5ts1 or 7#b7 a c>efully plann$ ord] ( op]ations1 su* z ! successive op]ations ( solution1 reaction1 precipitation1 filtration1 & weigh+ 9 *emi/ry4 ,^! two complexes d inde$ con/itute a ,new ,eng9e :i* helps ! m9d z tools help ! h&2 x is ?r\gh ! enri*m5t ( ! mat]ials ( s5se by ! op]ation ( ?is ,new ,eng9e t ! elaborate int]pretations ( ! physical sci5ces are made possible1 & ! /udy ( elem5t>y physics is int5d$ to lead to ! realization ( ?is ,new ,eng9e3 7a7 ,by ! build+ up 9 ! m9d1 ( ! logical /ructure ( ! physical sci5ces2 7b7 by tra9+ 9 ! mak+ ( measurem5ts & 9 ! p]=mance ( ord]$ op]ations1 & 7c7 by ex]cises 9 ! application ( ^! ?+s to ! actual ph5om5a ( physics & *emi/ry at e /ep & all ( ! "t ) e possible v>iation4 ,t1 surely1 is a suffici5tly exact+ program2 & ! only alt]native is to place ! /ud5t "u ! in/ruction ( ,jules ,v]ne :]e he ne$ n tr\ble himself ab\t f\ndations b may foll[ 8 tea*] pleasantly on a c>e-free trip to ! moon or ) easy improvid5ce emb>k on a voyage ( tw5ty-?\s& leagues "u ! sea4 ,:at x means to /udy physical sci5ce may be expla9$ fur!r by m5tion+ ! *ief difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 ! tea*+ ( t subject4 ,"o difficulty is t ! native s5se ( mo/ m5 is woefully inadequate )\t /imulation & direction = supply+ ! s5se mat]ial ^u :i* ! logical /ructure ( ! sci5ce is int5d$ to op]ate4 ,a second difficulty is t ! human m9d is s 9 ! habit ( consid]+ ! practical affairs ( life t x c h>dly be turn$ to t m9ute consid]ation ( app>5tly insignificant details :i* is s necess>y 9 ! sci5tific analysis ev5 ( ! mo/ practical ?+s4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! capacity ( ! ,indian = long cont9u$ & s]i\s ef=t 9 8 primitive mode ( life1 & yet x is difficult to p]suade an ,indian f>m] to pl[4 ,ev]yone kn[s also t ! typical college /ud5t is n /upid1 & yet x is difficult to p]suade ! "y m5 ( practical & bus9ess ideals 9 our colleges & te*nical s*ools to /udy ! ab/ract elem5ts ( sci5ce4 ,inde$ x is z difficult to get ! av]age "y man to hold ab/ract ?+s 9 m9d z to get a "y ,indian to pl[1 & = almo/ exactly ! same reason4 ,! sci5tific details ( any problem are 9 !mselves devoid ( human value1 & ?is quality ( deta*m5t is ! mo/ s]i\s ob/acle to "y p 9 _! /udy ( ! sci5ces4 ,a ?ird difficulty :i* inde$ runs ?r\gh ! entire front-(-progress ( ! human und]/&+ is t ! primitive m9d-/uff ( a "y man mu/ be rehabilitat$ 9 entirely new relations 9 fitt+ ! "y man = ! conditions ( mod]n life4 ,e sci5ce tea*] kn[s h[ mu* co]cion is requir$ = s little ( ?is rehabilitation2 b ! b>e possibility ( ! process is a rem>kable fact1 & t x is possible to ! ext5t ( br++ a ,newton or a ,pa/eur out ( a hunt+ & fi%+ ance/ry is inde$ wond]ful4 ,ev]yone is famili> ) ! life hi/ory ( a butt]fly1 h[ x lives fir/ z a cat]pill> & !n und]goes a complete trans=mation into a w+$ insect4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 evid5t t ! bodily organs ( a cat]pill> are n at all suit$ to ! ne$s ( a butt]fly1 ! v food 7( ^? species :i* take food7 be+ entirely diff]5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact almo/ e portion ( ! bodily /ructure ( ! cat]pill> is dissolv$ z x 71 into a =mless pulp at ! beg9n+ ( ! trans=mation1 & ! organization ( a fly+ insect !n gr[s out f a c5tral nucleus v mu* z a *ick5 gr[s 9 ! food-/uff ( an egg4 ,s x is 9 ! developm5t ( a "y man4 ,9 e>ly *ildhood ! individual1 if he has be5 favor$ by =tune1 ex]cises & develops m or less ext5sively ! primitive in/9cts & modes ( ! race 9 a free outdoor life1 & ! result is s mu* m9d-/uff to be dissolv$ & trans=m$ ) m or less co]cion & "u m or less con/ra9t into an effective m9d ( ! tw5tie?-c5tury type4 ,a f\r? difficulty is t ! possibility ( ! rehabilitation ( m9d-/uff has gr[n up z a human faculty almo/ solely on ! basis ( language1 & ! ess5ce ( ?is rehabilitation lies 9 ! =mation ( ideas2 :]eas a v l>ge "p ( physical sci5ce is a correlation 9 me*anisms4 ,! be/ way ( meet+ ?is quadruply difficult situation 9 ! tea*+ ( elem5t>y physics is to relate ! tea*+ z mu* z possible to ! imm$iately practical & intimate ?+s ( life1 & to g 9 = sugge/iv5ess z ! only way to avoid a total inhibition ( ! s5se t is born ) a "y man4 ,su* a me?od is c]ta9ly calculat$ to limb] up our !ories & put !m all at "w1 ! pragmatic me?od1 our fri5ds ! philosoph]s call x1 a me?od :i* pret5ds to a conqu]+ de/9y4 ,,! ,,discipl9e ,,( ,,"w4 ,! fir/ object ( all "w--n ! pr9cipal "o1 b ! fir/ & necess>y "o--is to get food1 clo!s1 lodg+1 & fuel4 ,b x is q possible to h too mu* ( all ^! ?+s4 ,i "k a great _m g5tlem51 :o eat too l>ge d9n]s2 a great _m ladies1 :o h too _m clo!s4 ,i "k !re is lodg+ to sp>e 9 ,london1 = ,i h sev]al h\ses !re myself1 :i* ,i c't let4 ,& ,i "k !re is fuel to sp>e ev]y:]e1 s9ce we get up /eam to p\nd ! roads )1 :ile our m5 /& idle2 or dr9k till !y c't /&1 idle1 or o!rwise4 ,,rusk94 #e ,two g5]ations ago s*ool 0 supplem5t$ by endless opportunity = play1 & *ildr5 _h to "w ab\t ! h\se & f>m m & m z !y grew to maturity4 ,play & "w 7 9 ^? days z pl5tiful z sun%9e & air1 & x is no wond] t educational ideals 7 develop$ tak+ no acc\nt ( !m4 ,b we cl+ to ^! old ideals at ! pres5t "t :5 *ildr5 h no opportunity to play1 :5 !re is an almo/ complete abs5ce ( old fa%ion$ *ores ab\t ! home1 :5 boys nev] see _! fa!rs at "w1 & :5 ! only opportunity = boys & girls to "w outside ! home is to face ! c]ta9ty ( reckless exploitation6 ,:at a piece ( /upidity6 ,our entire educational sy/em1 prim>y & second>y1 collegiate & te*nical1 is sick ) inconsequ5tial booki%ness1 & s*ool "w has become ! mo/ ineffici5t ( all ! organiz$ ef=ts ( m54 ,yes b we h our ,manual ,tra9+ ,s*ools & our college c\rses 9 ,%op ,"w & ,%op ,inspection4 ,away ) su* s*ola/ic %ams6 ,! beg9n+s ( manual tra9+ mu/ inde$ be provid$ = 9 s*ool2 pap] cutt+1 sew+ & :ittl+4 ,b f ! absurdity ( an ,academic ,epitome ( ,indu/ry may ! good ,"l deliv] u6 ,& he w deliv] u1 nev] fe>1 = ! law ( economy is ,8 law too4 ,! greate/ educational problem ( our "t is h[ to make use ( comm]cial & indu/rial e/abli%m5ts z s*ools to ! ext5t t !y are s*ools4 ,! fir/ object ( all "w is inde$ to get food & clo!s & lodg+ & fuel1 b ! ess5ce ( "w is a human discipl9e z k9dly & b5efic5t z ! sun%9e & ! ra91 & ! greate/ ne$ ( our "t is t ! discipl9e ( "w come aga9 to its own 9 our entire sy/em ( education4 ,?is book is d$icat$ to ! k9d ( education t is prov+ itself at ! ,univ]sity ( ,c9c9nati4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page #fj & :ittl+4 ,b f ! absurdity ( an ,academic ,epitome ( ,indu/ry may ! good ,"l deliv] u6 ,& he w deliv] u1 nev] fe>1 = ! law ( economy is ,8 law too4 ,! greate/ educational problem ( our "t is h[ to make use ( comm]cial & indu/rial e/abli%m5ts z s*ools to ! ext5t t !y are s*ools4 ,! fir/ object ( all "w is inde$ to get food & clo!s & lodg+ & fuel1 b ! ess5ce ( "w is a human discipl9e z k9dly & b5efic5t z ! sun%9e & ! ra91 & ! greate/ ne$ ( our "t is t ! discipl9e ( "w come aga9 to its own 9 our entire sy/em ( education4 ,?is book is d$icat$ to ! k9d ( education t is prov+ itself at ! ,univ]sity ( ,c9c9nati4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,,( ,,an ,,education4 ,prairie born2 ,once 8 feet t\* ! slope ( ,we/]n m\nta9 ,! level road !y ev] m %all spurn4 ,if once he dr9k f sn[-pure cry/al f\nta9 ,8 ?ir/ %all1 ev] m consum+1 burn ,) deep5$ draughts f common /ream4 ,once 8 eye cat* glimpse ( m sub/antial glory ,?an prairie horizon high pil$ ) cl\d$ foam ,8 quick5$ ye>n+ %all inspire old /ory ,( unb\nd$1 dea?less realms beyond ! sunset--,home6 ,!re 7 two ( u1 a prairie born t5d]foot 9 ! p]son ( a sixte5-ye>-old college sophomore & ! writ]4 ,aft] mon?s ( anticipation & plann+ we hurri$ away at ! close ( ! college t]m1 leav+ ! prairies ( ,i[a to sp5d a %ort vacation 9 ! m\nta9s2 & we arriv$ 9 ,d5v] on a p]fect1 cl\dless morn+ 9 ,june4 ,s9ce e>ly daylight we _h kept an eag] wat* to we/w>d across ! ev5 pla9s to cat* a fir/ glimpse ( ! great ,front ,range ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ) its cov]+ ( summ] sn[1 & aft] mak+ "s pur*ases ( camp supplies we climb$ to ,capitol ,hill 9 ,d5v] to see ! foo?ills s(t5 to purple & ! sn[ fields melt to liquid gold z ! cry/al day turn$ to crimson glory ) ! sett+ ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,sunset ,wa%es ,?is is ! l& t ! sunset wa%es1 ,^? are ! ,banks ( ! ,yell[ ,sea ,:]e x arose1 & :i!r x ru%es ,?is is ! we/]n my/]y4 ,late 9 ! ev5+ we took ! tra9 = ,lovel& f :i* place we 7 to />t on a walk+ trip to ,l>amie1 up 9 ,wyom+4 ,9 ,lovel& we pur*as$ a pony & a pack-saddle4 ,! pony _h nev] be5 brok5 to ! saddle1 & inasmu* z ! art ( pack+ has always to be le>n$ anew :5 "o has n practic$ x = sev]al ye>s1 bo? ( u 71 9 "s respects1 z gre5 z ! pony1 & naturally some:at n]v\s :5 we />t$ f ,lovel&4 ,! pony s]v$ u well h[ev] & at ! wor/ only gave u a "n = ! ,buck+ ,horse ,pass :5 we cross$ ! range ( ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,m\nta9s f ! wat]s ( ! ,gr& ,riv] to ^? ( ! ,nor? ,platte4 ,f ,lovel& we rea*$ ,sprague's ,ran* 9 ,e/es ,p>k1 ?irty-five miles away1 9 two days ( easy travel ov] a good /age road1 enc\nt]+ a sn[ squall 9 ! high foo?ills :i* left u cold & wet at sund[n ( ! fir/ day4 ,9 ,e/es ,p>k we /ay$ ?ree days1 fi%+1 runn+ up to timb] l9e z prelim9>y ex]cise1 & writ+ lett]s4 ,! writ] _h sp5t two previ\s summ]s 9 ,e/es ,p>k ne> ,sprague's ,ran* 9 company ) fri5ds f ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas4 ,,camp ,,acclimatization ,june #ba/4 ,my de> little ,fri5d3-- ,d4 & ,i rea*$ ?is place day be=e ye/]day4 ,i saw ,fr$ ,sprague ye/]day4 ,he _h already le>n$ ( our pres5ce 9 ! ,p>k1 hav+ se5 our *>act]i/ic hob-nail tracks1 &1 z 8 "m tells me1 he rem>k$ ^u see+ !m t ,god's p _h come1 mean+ ! ,kansas boys ) :om he became acqua9t$ 9 '#hf & '#hi4 ,we h pass$ ?\s&s ( fl[]s s9ce leav+ ,lovel&1 :ite poppies1 cactus1 blue bells1 columb9e & o!rs m ?an ,i c tell4 ,! blue bells are ( ! same k9d t y & ,i f\nd ne> ,bloom+ton sev]al weeks ago4 ,x w\ld be v nice if y & ,i c\ld make "s ( our ,saturday excursions 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld tell y m ( our trip4 ,( c\rse x is sc>cely begun z yet1 b ,i "k pretty well :at x w be2 h>d1 = "o ?+1 & lonesome1 b /rangely fasc9at+4 ,we are beg9n+ already to h t attitude t[>ds nature :i* ,i imag9e ,indians h1 namely1 ! desire to get some?+ to eat out ( ev]y?+ we see4 ,m4 _h writt5 h] bro!r ,d4 at ,mora9e po/ (fice ( ! pies & cakes !y 7 mak+ at home4 ,?is is by no means gre$9ess1 = a measur$ appetite is ess5tially incompatible ) ! conditions ( ,indian life4 ,9 fact ! only wild animals :i* are n g\rm&s on occasion are ^? :i* eat grass4 ,( c\rse1 we are at be/ only ,ag5cy ,indians1 b we %all soon be (f our res]vation4 ,few p realize ! utt] desolation ( _m p>ts ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 & (t5 on my m\nta9 trips1 hungry & foot-sore1 my fancy has turn$ to :at my fri5d ',gric,h has told me ( ! utt]ly desolate ,fun]al ,m\nta9s t bord] ,dea? ,valley 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 & ( ! inf9ite sun%9e !re4 ,:at w\ld y ?9k1 my little fri5d1 ev5 n[ amid ! com=ts & joys ( home1 if y c\ld he> a tru/wor?y acc\nt ( an actual trip ov] ^? dreadful ,m\nta9s & into t awful ,valley8 ,i hope t ! map ) ! accompany+ description w help y to a k ( ! geography & geology ( ?is c\ntry4 ,i s5d k9d reg>ds to y\r fa!r & "m4 ,y\r fri5d1 ,f4 ,/>t+ f ,e/es ,p>k = ! ,gr& ,riv] c\ntry we /opp$ ov] night at ,camp ,desolation 9 ,w9dy ,gul*1 an enorm\s amphi!at] ris+ above timb] l9e on ! nor?1 ea/1 & we/1 & op5+ to ! s\? into ,big ,?ompson ,canyon4 ,! m\? ( ! ,gul* is damm$ by ! lat]al mora9e ( an anci5t ,?ompson glaci] & beh9d ?is dam is a level1 m>%y /ret* ) a few gre5 spruce & ?ickets ( asp51 black ald] & m\nta9 will[4 ,ne> timb] l9e also is a scatt]$ fr+e ( gre5 ) dots ( :ite4 ,all ! re/ is a desolate /ret* ( burn$ timb]4 ,trail+ to ! head ( ,w9dy ,gul* 9 ! morn+ we ga9$ ! summit ( ,?ompson ,ridge :i* we foll[$ 9 a nor?we/]ly direction = ab\t twelve miles2 !n we circl$ ar\nd ! head ( ,big ,?ompson riv] & w5t d[n to ,camp at ! head ( ! ,ca*e la ,p\dre riv]1 precisely on ! ,cont95tal ,divide 9 ,miln] ,pass ab\t two hundr$ feet bel[ timb] l9e ) ,specim5 ,m\nta9 imm$iately to ! nor? ( u4 ,,specim5 ,,m\nta9 ,,camp1 ,june #bd?4 ,my ,de> ,b3-- ,d4 & ,i are go+ to run d[n to ,gr& ,lake settlem5t to-morr[ = bacon & fl\r s ,i write ?is today4 ,i h be5 9 camp all morn+ cook+ & m5d+ :ile ,d4 has be5 look+ = %eep up 9 ! crat] ( ,specim5 ,m\nta94 ,he saw two & %ot )\t effect4 ,specim5 ,m\nta9 is an ext9ct volcano & %eep come to ! crat] to lick4 ,i h se5 z _m z a hundr$ & fifty %eep !re at diff]5t times dur+ ! f\r trips t ,i h made to ?is region1 b ,i h hunt$ !m only "o day 7! fir/7 ( ! tw5ty-five t ,i h sp5t 9 ?is camp--)\t success1 ( c\rse4 ,fl[]s 9 pr(usion are f\nd at ^! altitudes already :]e ! %r9k+ sn[ drifts h expos$ ! gr\nd to ! w>m ,june sun1 b "u ! drifts x is yet ! dead ( w9t]4 ,z ! season advances ! sn[ rec$es1 & ea* newly uncov]$ /rip ( gr\nd passes ) exub]ant ha/e ?r\gh a cycle ( spr+4 ,we came ov] f ,e/es ,p>k ye/]day & ! day be=e4 ,at "o po9t ,i c>ri$ ! horse's pack ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile on acc\nt ( /eepness ( trail & dep? ( sn[1 leav+ ! pony "u ,d4's guidance to wall[ ?r\gh z be/ %e c\ld4 ,we %all1 no d\bt1 h "s h>d "w gett+ out ( ! ,gr& ,riv] valley to ! nor? ov] ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ b we int5d to keep at x4 ,we are1 ( c\rse1 likely to get cold & wet1 tir$ & hungry4 ,9 fact1 ,i am nei!r v dry nor v w>m n[ z ,i write1 = x is half sn[+ & half ra9+2 nor hungry 787 = ,i h j eat5 ?ree slices ( bacon1 half a corn cake eight in*es 9 diamet] & an in* ?ick1 ) bacon gravy made ) fl\r & wat]1 & ne>ly a qu>t ( /rong c(fee ( syrupy sweetness4 ,i d wi% ,d4 _h kill$ t %eep ?is morn+6 ,we hope to get "s tr\t to-morr[ out ( ,gr& ,riv]1 b to see ! %eets ( wat] :i* are be+ %$ (f ! range f ra9 & melt+ sn[ makes "o feel unc]ta9 ( ! tr\t fi%+4 ,i w close = ?is "t & put ?is into my knapsack4 ,to-morr[ ,d4 & ,i w get our walk9s on bright & e>ly1 & pack x to ,gr& ,lake4 ,?is is a t\gh c\ntry beyond imag9ation4 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,f4 ,:5 trail+ above timb] l9e on our way to ,specim5 ,m\nta9 & subsequ5tly we 7 on sn[ mu* ( ! "t2 bel[ timb] l9e at high altitudes we cont5d$ ab\t equally ) sn[ & fall5 timb]2 & at middle altitudes :]e ! timb] is heavy & :]e fires h be5 frequ5t & disa/r\s ! fall5 timb] alone is q en\gh to make travel tr\blesome4 ,mud & wat]1 fall5 & fall+1 we enc\nt]$ ev]y:]e1 b )\t mu* conc]n4 ,! greate/ vexation to ! amateur travel] 9 ! ,rockies is to slip (f a log 9 try+ to cross a /ream1 & ?us get wet all ov]1 :5 if "o _h be5 reasonable1 "o might h be5 wet only to ! middle4 ,an awkw>d comrade ( '#hi did ?is s _m times t x became a /&+ joke2 b ',gric1#g z we call$ him1 t is to say ,agricola1 aft] 8 fa!r ,f>m] ,fun/on ( ,kansas1 develop$ grit en\gh to take him ?r\gh ,dea? ,valley 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 to take him1 all alone1 #a1fjj miles d[n ! ,yukon ,riv] 9 an op5 boat & across #bjj miles ( unexplor$ c\ntry dur+ ! w9t] night to ! %ores ( ! ,arctic ,ocean1 to take him into ! ,cuban army1 :]e he receiv$ ?ree s]i\s w\nds1 & f9ally to take him ?r\gh ! ,philipp9es ) our ,volunte] ,army :]e he captur$ ,agu9aldo4 ,f ,specim5 ,m\nta9 ,camp 9 ,miln] ,pass we made our way to ,gr& ,riv] ov] an extremely difficult trail1 ne>ly break+ our pony's leg 9 ! fall5 timb]1 &1 f9d+ x impossible to rea* ,gr& ,lake by ! riv] trail )\t wett+ our pack1 we w5t into 7,mosquito7 camp & did our week's wa%+4 ,! next day we left our pony1 & made a fly+ r\nd trip ( ?irty miles to ! settlem5t4 ,! next morn+1 hop+ to escape ! mosquitoes1 we mov$ camp sev]al miles up /ream & 9 ! aft]noon we climb$ to ! summit ( "o ( ! high spurs ( a nameless,j peak 9 ! range ( ! ,m$ic9e ,b[4 ,we got back to camp late 9 ! ev5+ 9 a %>p ra91 :i* cont9u$ all night4 ,! next morn+ promis$ fair wea!r1 & aft] "s hesitation1 we pack$ up = ! trip ov] to ,nor? ,p>k4 ,/>t+ at eight o'clock we rea*$ ! des]t$ m9+ camp1 ,lulu1 at elev51 hav+ =d$ ,gr& ,riv] sev5 times1 ! wat] ( x ice cold & swift z an arr[4 ,we !n began to climb ! range1 ! summit ( :i* we rea*$ at ?ree o'clock at ! pass ( ! ,buck+ ,horse f> above timb] l9e4 ,at f\r o'clock we began ! desc5t into ! valley ( ! ,mi*igan =k ( ! ,nor? ,platte4 ,! ra91 until n[ fitful1 became /eady & we1 det]m9$ to rea* a good camp+ place1 kept our pony at a half-trot until eight o'clock1 :5 we f\nd a des]t$ cab94 ,we 7 too impati5tly hungry to make biscuit1 :i* we ord9>ily bak$ 9 ! fry+ pan be=e cook+ our bacon1 s we made our supp] ( graham mu%1 bacon1 bacon gravy & c(fee4 ,next morn+ we f\nd to our dismay t our bak+ p[d] _h be5 left at ! ,buck+ ,horse--& no wond]1 = our pack _h be5 /rewn = a qu>t] ( a mile along ! trail--s we 7 r$uc$ to mu% aga9 = breakfa/4 ,,g\ld',s ,,ran*1 ,july #g?4 ,my ,de> ,b3 ,we h j return$ f a week's hunt 9 ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,m\nta9s ea/ ( "h4 ,we saw elk1 kill$ a de]1 & sp5t ! ,f\r? ( ,july on a prom95t b nameless peak f :i* we got a spl5did view4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] breakfa/ at ,camp ,mu%1 ,mr4 ,e4,b4 ,g\ld1 a neighbor+ cattle ran*] :o has no cattle1 0 attract$ by ! smoke ( our campfire1 & com+ up to see u1 he invit$ u to 8 %anty to eat v5ison4 ,we w5t4 ,we h n[ be5 ) him a week & we are />t+ on our second c>cass4 ,g\ld lives by hunt+ & trapp+1 & by odd "w 9 ! ,p>k dur+ ! hay+ season4 ,he came to ?is c\ntry ye>s ago ) a hunt+ p>ty & has be5 hunt+ ev] s9ce4 ,sev]al ye>s ago he took up a claim 9 ! extreme s\!a/]n corn] ( ,nor? ,p>k conv5i5tly ne> to hunt+ gr\nds 9 ! ,m$ic9e ,b[4 ,he gave up 8 claim1 = good1 a ye> ago1 & made an ov]l& trip to ,new ,mexico4 ,t did n satisfy him ei!r1 s n[ he is back 9 8 old %anty aga94 ,he ?9ks we are ! t\ghe/ t5d]-foots he ev] saw4 ,he approves ( u1 !re is no d\bt ab\t t1 & he has pull$ up 8 /akes to travel ) u j = ! pleasure ( our company6 ,he takes great int]e/ 9 ,d4's k ( bugs1 & ,d4 & he are bo? real hunt]s ea* accord+ to 8 exp]i5ce4 ,be=e we fell 9 ) ,g\ld ,i c\ld p]suade ,d4 to wanton ex]tion 9 ! way ( m\nta9 climb+ b n[ ,i am 9 ! m9ority1 b ! hunt]s propose1 ) a fl\ri%1 ! scal+ ( e peak t comes 9 sight4 ,i _h a spell ( m\nta9 fev] j be=e ! ,f\r? & ,g\ld dos$ me ) sage bru% tea1 ! vile/ concoction ,i ev] _h to take4 ,g\ld is n accu/om$ to walk except :5 actually hunt+1 s he has a rid+ horse1 & a tru/y old pack animal ^: m9imum "n is ,g---- d---- y ,jack1 & ^: maximum "n 7& load7 is indet]m9ate4 ,g\ld is go+ ) u to sp5d a week 9 ! ,range ( ! ,rabbit's ,e>1 f> to ! we/ across ,nor? ,p>k4 ,he has an old wagon :i*1 if x holds toge!r1 w save ,d4 & me "s t$i\s /eps across ! des]t1 = inde$ ?is p>k is a des]t4 ,we %all pass ?r\gh ,wald51 ! metropolis & supply /ation ( ! ,p>k4 ,y\rs1 ,f4 ,,f ,d4',s ,,"m ,my preci\s boy3 ,i tru/ y w excuse me = us+ ?is pap] b ,i am up /airs1 & no "o is "h to br+ me any o!r4 ,!y tell me ,i ne$ n wond] t we d n he> f y & ,i %all try n to be disappo9t$ if we d n he> = a :ile4 ,nev]!less my de> boy1 ! unc]ta9ty ,i feel 9 reg>d to y\r safety w make a lett] v welcome inde$4 ,p]haps ,i w\ld h m c\rage if ,i 7 /rong4 ,= five days ,i h be5 v uncom=table4 ,i am sitt+ up "s today = ! fir/ "t & hope soon to be well z usual4 ,we 7 exce$+ly glad to he> f y f ,gr& ,lake4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 say t ! acc\nt ( y\r exp]i5ce by /one slide,k & riv] h less5$ my anxiety4 ,i am writ+ n[1 ,?ursday1 9 b$4 ,i h be5 q poorly aga94 ,we %all n look n[ = a lett] f y b hope to see y face to face be=e _m days4 ,may ,god bless & keep y6 ,give our love to ,mr4 ,f4 ,all jo9 me 9 t5d]e/ love to y4 ,y\r devot$ "m4 ,at ,wald5 we laid 9 a fre% supply ( fl\r & bacon1 & cann$ goods1 especially cann$ fruit1 to la/ u :ile we /ay$ ) ! wagon4 ,we !n pu%$ on to ! we/1 /rik+ camp on ! ,we/ ,=k ( ! ,nor? ,platte1 :]e we /ay$ two nights4 ,"h we tri$ h>d a ?ird "t = tr\t )\t success1 b we turn$ (f ! wat] f an irrigat+ dit* & captur$ a l>ge numb] ( squaw fi% 7suck]s74 ,f ,camp ,*ew we made our way well up into ! foo?ills ( ! ,range ( ! ,rabbit's ,e>1 & !n pack$ our animals1 m9imum ,jack & our pony1 & pu%$ up ! range ov] ! wor/ trail we _h yet enc\nt]$1 ?r\gh an absolute wild]ness ( fall5 timb]4 ,ra9 ) fog set 9 z we approa*$ timb] l9e1 & we 7 =c$ to g into camp e>ly to wait = morn+4 ,morn+ came ) fog & ra91 & we sp5t ! entire day hunt+ trail1 only to g into camp aga9 t[>ds ev5+4 ,! next day1 h[ev]1 came cle> & we made our way ov] ! range1 ?r\gh ,fry+ ,pan ,mead[1 & rea*$ camp d[n on ,elk riv] t[>ds ev5+ )\t difficulty4 ,we f\nd good fi%+ "h at la/ & great numb]s ( de] b no elk4 ,aft] ?ree ra9y days 9 ,elk ,riv] ,camp1 "o ( :i* 0 sp5t j]k+ v5ison ( ,d4's kill+1 we pack$ up & made ! return trip ov] ! range 9 "o day ( h>d travel1 go+ into camp by ! %ore ( a %all[ pond well out on ! b>r5 level ( ,nor? ,p>k4 ,! next morn+ we p>t$ company ) ,g\ld1 & 9 two days we made sixty /age road miles across ,nor? ,p>k & ov] ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,m\nta9s to ,woods po/ (fice at ! edge ( ! ,l>amie pla9s1 tw5ty-five miles f ,l>amie4 ,illu/ration3 ,look+ ,nor? ,across ,specim5 ,m\nta9 ,/one ,slide4 ,we _h int5d$ walk+ ?r\gh to ,l>amie1 b n9ety miles & two m\nta9 ranges 9 ?ree days1 n to m5tion ! writ]'s t]ribly bli/]$ feet1 _h tempor>ily tak5 "s ( ! ambition out ( u1 & aft] "s f9e diplomacy ,d4 & ! writ] ea* f\nd t ! o!r 0 will+ to desc5d to /age coa* rid+4 ,we accord+ly sold our f9e little pony = five doll>s1 pack$ our outfit 9 a compact bundle :i* we wrapp$ 9 our small t5t 7:i* _h be5 us$ z a smoke-h\se = cur+ v5ison at ,elk ,riv] ,camp71 & took ! /age = ,l>amie4 ,at ,l>amie we took ! tra9 = home1 & ) eyes eag]ly awake we wat*$ = hundr$s ( miles an increas+ luxuriance ( vegetation :i* rea*$ its climax 9 ! m>vel\sly ri*1 endless1 undulat+ fields ( ea/]n ,nebraska & ,i[a3 ,?is is ! l& t ! sunset wa%es ,^! are ! ,waves ( ! ,yell[ ,sea2 ,:]e x arose & :it] x ru%es1 ,?is is ! we/]n my/]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ! ,range ( ! ,rabbit's ,e>4 ,we _h be5 away f home = ?irty-?ree days1 & 9 ! m\nta9s = ?irty-"o nights--,indians reckon by nights2 & we _h tramp$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles f ,lovel& to ! edge ( ! ,l>amie pla9s4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! "t 0 sp5t at high altitudes :]e ! wea!r is n lamb-l 9 ,june1 & no small portion ( ! ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles 0 mud & wat]1 sn[ & fall5 timb]1 ?r\gh a c\ntry z r\gh1 p]haps1 z is to be f\nd any:]e1 & z int]e/+4 ,! only way to /udy ,geography is ) ! feet6 ,no footless imag9ation c realize ! sublimity ( we/]n ,m\nta9 & ,pla94 ,no?+ b a degree ( h>d%ip c measure _! widespread *aos & lonely desolation1 & only ! fre%5$ eag]ness ( _m morn+s c p]ceive _! mat*less glory4 ,illu/ration3 ,ne> ,fry+ ,pan ,mead[4 ,we rea*$ home wea!r-beat5 almo/ beyond recognition1 b 9 robu/ heal?1 especially ,d41 :o _h actually ga9$ 9 weight dur+ ! trip4 ,f ! railroad /ation we c>ri$ our outfit1 & v5ison1 two miles to ! college gr\nds1 rea*+ ,d4's home ab\t midnight4 ,"h our madly exub]ant spirits 7 sudd5ly *eck$ by f9d+ t ! illness ( ,d4's "m _h become extremely s]i\s4 ,h[ev] %e 0 det]m9$ to see u bo?--to give a la/ approval4 ,we nev] "k h[ high we are ,till we are call$ to rise2 ,& !n1 if we are true to plan1 ,our /atures t\* ! skies4 ,! h]oism we recite ,w\ld be a daily ?+1 ,did n ourselves ! cubits w>p ,= fe> to be a k+4 ,aft] f\r days ,d4's "m di$4 ,x fell to ,b4 & ,f4 to make a sculptor's pla/] mask1 & photographs2 & to ,f4 to wat* ov]night--& ha/5 to ! woods 9 ! morn+4 ,! bu/le 9 a h\se ,! morn+ aft] dea? ,is solemne/ ( indu/ries ,enact$ ^u e>?4 ,! sweep+ up ! he>t ,& putt+ love away ,we %all n want to use aga9 ,until ,et]nity4 ,a beautiful ,campanile n[ /&s on ! college campus erect$ 9 memory ( ,d4's "m by ! /ate ( ,i[a2 & f ?is memory-t[] a *ime ( bells ,greets ,^? :o pass 9 joy ,& ^? :o pass 9 sorr[2 ,z we h pass$1 ,our "t4 ,sup]iority to fate ,is difficult to le>n4 ',tis n conf]r$ by any1 ,b possible to e>n ,a pittance at a "t1 ,until1 to h] surprise1 ,! s\l ) /rict economy ,subsi/s till ,p>adise4 ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,h>d%ip4 ,did y *ance1 my fri5ds1 any ( y1 to see1 ! o!r day1 ! #hcrd numb] ( ! ,graphic1 ) ! picture ( ! ,que5's conc]t 9 x8 ,all ! f9e ladies sitt+ s trimly1 & look+ s sweet1 & do+ ! :ole duty ( woman--we>+ _! f9e clo!s gracefully2 & ! pretty s+]1 :ite-?roat$1 w>bl+ ,home sweet home to !m1 s morally1 & melodi\sly6 ,"h 0 yet to be our ideal ( virtu\s life1 ?\ght ! ,graphic6 ,surely we are safe back ) our virtues 9 sat9 slipp]s & lace veils--& our ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is come ) obs]vation6 ,,rusk94 ,rusk9 has said t ! *ildr5 ( ! ri* (t5 get ! wor/ education to be _h = money1 :]eas ! *ildr5 ( ! poor (t5 get ! be/ education = no?+4 ,& ! poor man's s*ool is h>d%ip4 #h ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t weal?y ,am]ican p>5ts are too indulg5t t[>ds _! *ildr54 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 _m an ,am]ican fa!r is det]m9$ t 8 sons %all n g ?r\gh :at he himself w5t ?r\gh z a boy1 =gett+ t ! h>d%ips ( 8 y\? 7 l>gely ! h>d%ips ( pione] life :i* h vani%$ =ev]4 ,no boy ) good /uff 9 him & ) a fair education unmix$ ) extravagant habits ( liv+ c possibly h m h>d%ip n[adays ?an is good = him4 ,e "y man mu/ soon] or lat] /& by himself2 & h>d%ip1 :i* 9 its ess5ce is to be ?r[n on "o's own res\rces1 is ! be/ s*ool4 ,b ! mo/ allur+ s*ool ( h>d%ip1 a sort ( ,summ] ,s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,h>d ,knocks1 is a walk+ trip into ! m\nta9s to ! regions ( summ] sn[1 c>ry+ "o's :ole outfit on "o's back z did ! ,kansas boys ( '#hi1 or indulg+ 9 ! own]%ip ( a pack-pony & a m9]'s t5t z did ,d4 & ! writ] 9 '#ie4 ,! h>d%ips ( su* a trip are ( ! old old type1 ! fac+ ( all k9ds ( wea!r & ! hunt+ = food1 & !y wak5 a ?\s&-fold deep] response ?an ! mo/ s]i\s hunt = a job 9 a mod]n city4 ,,! ,,public ,,s*ool ,,d5m>k ,,hill1 ,april #a/1 #ahga4 ,my ,fri5ds3 ,x _c b be pleas+ to u to reflect1 ?is day1 t if we are (t5 fooli% en\gh to talk ,engli% )\t und]/&+ x1 we are (t5 wise en\gh to talk ,lat9 )\t kn[+ x4 ,= ?is mon? reta9s its pretty ,roman "n1 :i* means ! mon? ( ,op5+2 ( ! light 9 ! days1 & ! life 9 ! leaves1 & ( ! voices ( birds1 & ( ! he>ts ( m54 ,& be+ ! mon? ( ,manife/ation1 x is pre-em95tly ! mon? ( ,fools2--= "u ! beatific influ5ce ( moral sun%9e1 or ,education1 ! ,fools always come out fir/4 ,b :at is less pleas+ to reflect ^u1 ?is spr+ morn+1 is1 t !re are "s k9ds ( education :i* may be describ$1 n z moral sun%9e1 b z moral moon%9e2 & t1 "u ^!1 ,fools come out bo? ,fir/--& ,la/4 ,we h1 x seems1 n[ set our op5+ he>ts mu* on ?is "o po9t1 t we w h education = all m5 & wom5 n[1 & = all girls & boys t are to be4 ,no?+1 inde$1 c be m desirable1 if only we det]m9e also :at k9d ( education we are to h4 ,x is tak5 = grant$ t any education mu/ be good2--t ! m ( x we get1 ! bett]2 t bad education only means little education2 & t ! wor/ we h to fe> is gett+ none4 ,alas t is n at all s4 ,gett+ no education is by no means ! wor/ ?+ t c happ5 to u4 ,! real ?+ to be fe>$ is gett+ a bad "o4 ,,rusk94 ,! rec5t ex*ange ( visits betwe5 ,p5nsylvanians & ,wiscons9ites has result$ 9 ! organization ( an association = ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,wiscons9 ,idea 9 ,p5nsylvania2 b ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/1 9 comm5t+ ^u ! ,p5nsylvania v]sion ( ! ,wiscons9 ,idea1 calls att5tion to ! fact t 9 ,wiscons9 ! idea is c>ri$ into effect by public ag5cies1 :]eas ! ,p5nsylvania v]sion is to be execut$ privately6 ,! ,ev5+ ,po/ did n1 inde$1 say execute2 ,i1 myself1 h introduc$ ! ^w1 because x s exactly conveys ! mean+ ( ! ,po/'s criticism4#i ,:y is x t s _m good p take up ?+s l ! ,boy ,sc\t movem5t1 privately1 nev] giv+ a mom5t's ?\ght to our ru/+ s*ool ma*9]y8 ,:y are we s privately m9d$ z to en?use ov] ,mrs4 s-&-s's out-(-!-city movem5t = *ildr51 nev] ?9k+ ( ! pot5tialities ( e/abli%m5ts l ,gir>d ,college8 ,! tr\ble is t we ,am]icans h nev] le>n$ to d ?+s toge!r2 we /ill h ! loyal b lazy habit ( look+ expectantly = a ,k+1 &1 ( c\rse1 we get a ,philadelphia ,r+1 ! l[e/ ,circle 9 ! ,inf]no ( ! ,wor/2 & all ! :ile our might be do]s ( good affect a k9d ( private ,k+%ip1 & s9k into a mire ( idiotic,l impot5ce4 ,! sev5 wond]s ( ! _w all fade into insignificance 9 comp>ison ) "o great fact 9 mod]n gov]nm5t1 a fact s fundam5tal t we seldom ?9k ( x1 namely1 ! great fact ( taxation4 ,funds suffici5t to meet e public ne$ ( ! community fl[ automatically into ! public treasury4 ,?is is inde$ a v rem>kable ?+1 b x seems almo/ ludicr\s :5 we consid] t wa/eful exp5diture ( public funds is ! univ]sal rule1 & t good p ev]y:]e are /ruggl+ to d public ?+s privately6 ,0 !re ev] be=e two su* horns to a dilemma8 ,fog horns1 gr[n inw>dly on e ,p5nsylvanian's head6 ,:5 a city ( #aj1jjj p has an annual s*ool budget ( #fj1jjj1 x is evid5t t ev]y?+ c be done t ne$s to be done = ! s*ool+ ( *ildr54 ,i believe t ! s*ool day %\ld be increas$ to #h h\rs1 ! s*ool week to #f days1 & ! s*ool ye> to #ab mon?s2 ) ela/ic provision = home "w & out-(-t[n visit+4 ,i believe t s*ool activities %\ld include a wide v>iety ( simple h& "w1 & a great deal ( outdoor play1 ) ample provision = ! ?+s t are done by ,boy ,sc\ts & ,camp ,fire ,girls2 & :5 *ildr5 are old en\gh & /rong en\gh to beg9 _! vocational tra9+1 _! s*ool activities %\ld be comb9$ ) "w 9 (fice & factory4 ,let no "o imag9e t su* a program is impracticable2 = 9 ! city1 s*ool is ! sum ( all influ5ces outside ! home1 & ! s*ool day is n[ m ?an eight h\rs1 ! s*ool week is m ?an six days1 & s*ool la/s ! :ole ye> ?r\gh2 ^! are ! facts1 say :at y w2 & ev]y?+ is 9 a dreadful /ate ( confusion--except+ only book "w4 ,x is "t = u to ?9k ( ! public s*ool z includ+ ev]y?+ :i* makes = ! effici5t organization & ord]ly control ( ! juv5ile _w4 ,! ,junior ,municipality1 :i* has be5 rec5tly propos$1 add$ to exi/+ s*ool "w ) provision = simple manual tra9+ & outdoor play w\ld con/itute a fairly complete realization ( ?is wide conception ( ! public s*ool1 & any n>r[] conception is hopeless 9 a mod]n city4 ,z to educational values !re is a widespread misund]/&+4 ,imag9e a tea*] tak+ 8 y\ng/]s on a hike two or ?ree times a week all w9t] long6 ,e p>5t1 hop+ = 8 *ildr5 to escape ! necessity ( "w1 w\ld h[l 9 /upid criticism ,is t :at ,i s5d my *ildr5 to s*ool =8 ,or ! ,s*ool ,sup]9t5d5t might h ! po9t ( view ( ! excessively tea*y tea*]1 :o1 9 a rec5t discussion ( ! ,boy ,sc\t idea1 admitt$ t cross-c\ntry hikes w\ld be a good ?+1 provid$1 some?+ 7 associat$ ) !m to ju/ify !m1 & ?is some?+ 0 und]/ood to be booki%6 ,z to vocational tra9+1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ reckon ) ! manufactur] :o w n tra9 workm5 = 8 competitors b :o expects 8 competitors to tra9 workm5 = him4 ,& we mu/ also reckon ) ! m9i/]ial memb] ( ! s*ool-bo>d :o meets a proposal = vocational tra9+ ) ! "q ,h[ !n w y educate = life8 ,i* g+ im ,walde ,s fu] mi* h91 ,und ni*ts zu su*5 ,das w> me9 ,s9n4 ,! y\ng/] :o goes on a hike = no?+ w get ev]y?+1 & to be fit = s]vice is to be fit = life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to face page #ih ,z to educational values !re is a widespread misund]/&+4 ,imag9e a tea*] tak+ 8 y\ng/]s on a hike two or ?ree times a week all w9t] long6 ,e p>5t1 hop+ = 8 *ildr5 to escape ! necessity ( "w1 w\ld h[l 9 /upid criticism ,is t :at ,i s5d my *ildr5 to s*ool =8 ,or ! ,s*ool ,sup]9t5d5t might h ! po9t ( view ( ! excessively tea*y tea*]1 :o1 9 a rec5t discussion ( ! ,boy ,sc\t idea1 admitt$ t cross-c\ntry hikes w\ld be a good ?+1 provid$1 some?+ 7 associat$ ) !m to ju/ify !m1 & ?is some?+ 0 und]/ood to be booki%6 ,z to vocational tra9+1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ reckon ) ! manufactur] :o w n tra9 workm5 = 8 competitors b :o expects 8 competitors to tra9 workm5 = him4 ,& we mu/ also reckon ) ! m9i/]ial memb] ( ! s*ool-bo>d :o meets a proposal = vocational tra9+ ) ! "q ,h[ !n w y educate = life8 ,i* g+ im ,walde ,s fu] mi* h91 ,und ni*ts zu su*5 ,das w> me9 ,s9n4 ,! y\ng/] :o goes on a hike = no?+ w get ev]y?+1 & to be fit = s]vice is to be fit = life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes ,a3 ,! we/]n prairies1 except 9 ! v c5t] ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 are beautifully roll+1 & !y meet e /ream ) deeply c>v$ bluffs4 ,9 ! e>ly days e /ream 0 fr+$ ) woods2 & prairie & woodl&1 alike1 knew no?+ beyond ! ev5ly balanc$ conte/ ( indig5\s life4 ,!re came1 h[ev]1 a succession ( /range epidemics1 z "o aft] ano!r ( our noxi\s we$s ga9$ foo?old 9 t f]tile l&4 ,i rememb] well sev]al ye>s :5 dog-f5nel grew 9 e nook & corn] ( my home t[n 9 ,kansas2 !n1 aft] a few ye>s1 a v>iety ( ?i/le grew to ! exclusion ( e o!r uncultivat$ ?+2 & !n foll[$ a curi\s epidemic ( tumble-we$1 a l[ spread+ annual :i* broke (f at ! gr\nd 9 ! ,fall & 0 roll$ across ! op5 c\ntry 9 c\ntless millions by ! ,autumn w9ds4 ,i rememb] well my fir/ lone begg> l\se1 & h[ pretty ,i ?\ght x 06 ,& my fir/ d&elion1 & ( t ,i h nev] *ang$ my op9ion6 ,b3 ,,road-,,song ,,( ,,! ,,b&]-,,log4 7,f ,kipl+'s ,jungle-,book47 ,"h we g 9 a flung fe/oon1 ,half way up to ! jeal\s moon6 ,don't y envy our pranceful b&s8 ,don't y wi% y\r feet 7 h&s8 ,w\ldn't y l if y\r tails 7--s-- ,curv$ 9 ! %ape ( a cupid's b[8 ,n[ y're angry1 b--nev] m9d-- ,bro!r1 ?y tail hangs d[n beh9d6 ,"h we sit 9 a bran*y r[1 ,?9k+ ( beautiful ?+s we "k2 ,dream+ ( de$s we mean to d1 ,all complete 9 a m9ute or two-- ,some?+ noble & gr& & good1 ,done by m]ely wi%+ we c\ld4 ,n[ we're go+ to--nev] m9d-- ,bro!r1 ?y tail hangs d[n beh9d6 ,all ! talk we ev] h he>d ,utt]$ by bat1 or bea/1 or bird-- ,hide or scale or sk9 or fea!r-- ,jabb] x quickly & altoge!r6 ,excell5t6 ,wond]ful6 ,once aga96 ,n[ we are talk+ j l m54 ,let's pret5d we are--nev] m9d-- ,bro!r1 ?y tail hangs d[n beh9d6 ,?is is ! way ( ! ,monkey-k9d4 ,!n jo9 our leap+ l9es t scumfi% ?r\gh ! p9es1 ,t rocket by :]e light & high ! wild grape sw+s4 ,by ! rubbi% 9 our wake1 by ! noble noise we make1 ,be sure1 be sure1 we're go+ to d "s spl5did ?+s4 ,c3 ,! site ( an ab&on$ z9c m9e1 :]e a few ( ! ,be?lehem boys g to swim4 ,d3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,octob]1 #aiaj4 ,e3 ,sci5ce z "y p /udy x has two *ief aspects1 or 9 o!r words1 x may be r\ghly divid$ into two p>ts1 namely1 ! /udy ( ! ?+s :i* come ^u u1 z x 71 & ! /udy ( ! ?+s :i* we delib]ately devise4 ,! ?+s t come ^u u include wea!r ph5om5a & e aspect & phase ( ! natural _w1 ! ?+s we _c escape2 & ! ?+s we devise relate *iefly to ! s]i\s "w ( ! _w1 ! ?+s we labori\sly build & ! ?+s we delib]ately & pati5tly seek4 ,f3 ,see discussion on ,bacon's ,new ,eng9e on page #eb #f ,g3 ,op5s ! m9d1 t is1 = ^? ?+s :i* are con=mable to or consi/5t ) ! ideas4 ,! hi/ory ( sci5ce pres5ts _m cases :]e accept$ ideas h clos$ ! m9d to contr>y evid5ces = _m g5]ations4 ,let "y m5 bew>e6 ,h3 ,see ,page #ga #g ,j3 ,a volcanic mass ( rugg$ spurs radiat+ f a great c5tral core2 po9ts & ridges ris+1 beautifully r$1 f imm5se fields ( sn[4 ,d4 & ! writ] call x ,mt4 ,mc,donald1 b hav+ made no survey1 ! purely s5tim5tal report :i* we c\ld s5d to ! map mak]s 9 ,wa%+ton w\ld n suffice z a record !re4 ,k3 ,! crat] ( ,specim5 ,m\nta9 is worn away on "o side by wat]1 & ! crat] n[ =ms ! head ( a ragg$ gul*4 ,ne> ! head ( ?is gul* is a slope ( loose /one1 z /eep z loose /one c lie1 :i* has a v]tical height ( #aejj or #bjjj feet4 ,l3 ,among ! ,greeks an idiot 0 a man :o ?\ght only ( 8 private affairs1 a privately m9d$ man4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,transcrib]'s note3 ,"s illu/rations' captions h be5 mov$ out ( ! p>agraph4 ,"s text has be5 rejo9$ to correct p>agraphs4 ,spell+ has be5 made consi/5t ?r\gh\t b reflects ! au?or's pref]5ce4 ,duplicate pages h be5 left 9 ! text4 ,footnotes 7 mov$ to ! end ( ! book4 ,supplem5t to ,preface 0 includ$ 9 ! ,preface4 ,footnote ,h ref]5ce to ,gric %\ld ref] to page #gb n page #ga4 ---------------------------------------- -----------------------------