,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 correct$4 ,hyph5ation & acc5tuation h be5 /&>dis$1 all o!r inconsi/5cies are z 9 ! orig9al4 ,! au?or's spell+ has be5 ma9ta9$4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,9 ,,c>icature ,illu/ration3 ,:at x is & ,:at is x8 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,9 ,,c>icature ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,b>tlett ,,maurice & ,,fr$]ic ,,tab] ,,coop] ,,pr(usely ,,illu/rat$ ,,london ,,grant ,,ri*>ds #aijd ,copyright1 #aijc1 #aijd ,by ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company ,,burr ,,pr9t+ ,,h\se ,,new ,,york ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,page ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,napoleonic ,,era ,i4 ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,political ,c>icature #a ,,ii4 ,hog>? & 8 ,times #ab ,,iii4 ,james ,gillray #ai ,,iv4 ,bonap>te ,z ,fir/ ,consul #bh ,v4 ,! ,emp]or at 8 ,apogee #ce ,,vi4 ,napoleon's ,wan+ ,p[] #dd ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,f ,,wat]loo ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,crimean ,,w> ,,vii4 ,aft] ! ,d[nfall #eg ,,viii4 ,! ,poire #fe ,,ix4 ,! ,bait+ ( ,l\is-,phillipe #gc ,x4 ,mayeux & ,rob]t ,macaire #ij ,,xi4 ,f ,cruik%ank to ,lee* #ig ,,xii4 ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,pun* #aja ,,xiii4 ,retrospective #aaa ,,xiv4 '#dh & ! ,c\p d',etat #aai ,,xv4 ,! ,/ruggle 9 ! ,crimea #abh ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,civil ,,& ,,franco-,,prussian ,,w>s ,,xvi4 ,! ,mexican ,w> & ,slav]y #adc ,,xvii4 ,neglect$ ,opportunities #aei ,,xviii4 ,! ,s\? ,sec$es #aff ,,xix4 ,! ,f\r ,ye>s' ,/ruggle #age ,,xx4 ,nations & ,m5 9 ,c>icature #ahh ,,xxi4 ,! ,outbreak ( ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> #aig ,,xxii4 ,! ,debacle #bjf ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,c5tury ,,xxiii4 ,! ,evolution ( ,am]ican ,c>icature #bca ,,xxiv4 ,! ,?ird ,fr5* ,republic #bcf ,,xxv4 ,g5]al ,european ,affairs #bde ,,xxvi4 ,?omas ,na/ #bee ,,xxvii4 ,! ,am]ican ,political ,campaigns ( #ahhj & #ahhd #bfi ,,xxviii4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,j\rnalism #bgh ,,xxix4 ,ye>s ( ,turbul5ce #bhi ,,xxx4 ,am]ican ,p>ties & ,plat=ms #cji ,,xxxi4 ,! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> #ccj ,,xxxii4 ,! ,bo] ,w> & ! ,dreyfus ,case #cdb ,,xxxiii4 ,! ,m5 ( ,to-day #cee ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,page ,:at ,x ,is & ,:at ,is ,x8 ,frontispiece ,fr5* ,invasion ( ,engl& #c ,nelson at ! ,battle ( ! ,nile 7,gillray7 #e ,bonap>te aft] ,l&+ 7,gillray7 #f ,john ,bull ,tak+ a ,lun*eon 7,gillray7 #h ,fr5* ,consul> ,triumvirate 7,gillray7 #aa ,capture ( ! ,dani% ,%ips 7,gillray7 #ad ,! ,broad-,bottom ,adm9i/ration 7,gillray7 #af ,pacific ,ov]tures 7,gillray7 #ai ,! ,great ,coronation ,procession 7,gillray7 #ba ,napoleon & ,pitt 7,gillray7 #bc ,arm$ ,h]oes 7,gillray7 #be ,! ,h&writ+ on ! ,wall 7,gillray7 #bg ,! ,d\ble-,fac$ ,napoleon 7,g]man c>toon7 #bi ,! ,two ,k+s ( ,t]ror 7,r[l&son7 #ca ,! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag & ,gulliv] 7,gillray7 #cc ,napoleon's ,burd5 7,g]man c>toon7 #cf ,! ,fr5* ,g+]bread ,bak] 7,gillray7 #ch ,! ,devil & ,napoleon 7,fr5* c>toon7 #ci ,! ,consultation 7,fr5* c>toon7 #da ,! ,corsican ,top 9 ,full ,flight #de ,napoleon 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,%ad[ ( ,dea? 7,gillray7 #dg ,! ,spid]'s ,web 7,volk7 #dh ,! ,p>tition ( ! ,map #di ,napoleon's ,plight 7,fr5* c>toon7 #ej ,! ,signature ( ,abdication 7,cruik%ank7 #eb ,! ,allies' ,ov5 7,fr5* c>toon7 #ed ,! ,new ,rob9son ,crusoe 7,g]man c>toon7 #ee ,napoleon ,cag$ 7,fr5* c>toon7 #ef ,re/itution #eh ,adju/+ ! ,balance #fj ,john ,bull's ,new ,bat* ( ,%ips 7,*>les7 #fb ,russia z ,m$iator 7,*>les7 #fc ,! ,cossack ,bite 7,*>les7 #fc ,john ,bull & ! ,alex&rians 7,*>les7 #fd ,john ,bull's ,tr\bles 7,*>les7 #fd ,! ,ord] ( ! ,ext+ui%]s 7,fr5* c>toon7 #fg ,pr\dhon #fh ,digg+ ! ,grave #fi ,le ,poire 7,philipon7 #gj ,! ,pi\s ,mon>* #gd ,! ,great ,nut-,crack] #ge ,enfonce ,lafayette 7,daumi]7 #gg ,! ,%ip ( ,/ate 9 ,p]il #gi ,! ,pit ( ,taxation 7,gr&ville7 #ha ,! ,"q ( ,divorce 7,daumi]7 #hc ,! ,resuscitation 7,gr&ville7 #hd ,l\is ,philippe z ,bluebe>d 7,gr&ville7 #he ,b>b>ism & ,*ol]a ,invad+ #hi ,! ,raid #hi ,mayeux 7,travies7 #ia ,rob]t ,macaire 7,daumi]7 #ic ,ext+ui%$6 #id ,l\is ,philippe z ,ca9 #ie ,laugh+ ,john--,cry+ ,john #if ,! ,well+ton ,boot #ii ,! ,l& ( ,lib]ty #ajc ,engl&'s ,admonition 7,lee*7 #ajd ,! ,napoleon ( ,peace #aje ,! ,sea-,s]p5t ( #ahdh #ajg ,europe 9 #ahcj #aji ,honore ,daumi] 7,b5jam97 #aab ,! ,evolution ( ,john ,bull #aae ,joseph ,prudhomme 7,daumi]7 #aaf ,! ,only ,au?oris$ ,lamps 7,v]ni]7 #abj ,italian ,c>toon ( '#dh #aba ,napoleon le ,petit 7,v]ni]7 #abb ,! ,new ,siamese ,tw9s #abc ,l\is ,napoleon & ,madame ,france #abd ,! ,proclamation 7,gill7 #abe ,split ,cr[ 9 ! ,crimea #abf ,bur/+ ( ! ,russian ,bubble #acj ,g5]al ,fevri] ,turn$ ,traitor 7,lee*7 #aca ,ro*e=t & ,8 ,lant]n #acc ,bro!rs 9 ,arms #acd ,an ,am]ican ,c>toon on ! ,crimean ,w> #acf ,!atrical ,programme #ach ,! ,briti% ,lion's ,v5geance 7,t5niel7 #aci ,! ,fr5* ,porcup9e 7,lee*7 #ada ,bank-,oh's ,gho/1 #ahcg #add ,balaam & ,balaam's ,ass #add ,new ,map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates #ade ,! ,/eeple*ase = #ahdd #adg ,uncle ,sam's ,taylorifics #aej ,! ,mexican ,comm&] #aea ,def5se ( ! ,cali=nia ,bank #aec ,! ,presid5tial ,foot ,race #aec ,presid5tial ,campaign ( '#ef #aed ,no ,high] ,law #aee ,! ,fugitive ,slave ,law #aeg ,! ,great ,disunion ,s]p5t #aeh ,r\gh & ,ready ,locomotive ,aga9/ ! ,field #afj ,sauce = ,goose & ,g&] #afb ,peace 7,na/7 #afd ,virg9ia ,paus+ #aff ,civil ,w> ,envelopes #afg ,long ,abe #afh ,! ,promissory ,note #afi ,! ,great ,tight ,rope ,feat #agj ,at ! ,?rottle #aga ,! ,exp]t ,b>t5d] #agb ,! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy a ,fact #agc ,! ,bright] ,prospect #agd ,:y ,don't y ,take ,x8 #age ,! ,old ,bull ,dog on ! ,"r ,track #agf ,little ,mac 9 8 ,great ,act #agh ,! ,grave ( ! ,union #ahj ,! ,abolition ,cata/rophe #aha ,! ,blockade #ahb ,misceg5ation #ahc ,! ,conf$]acy 9 ,petticoats #ahd ,uncle ,sam's ,m5ag]ie #ahe ,protect+ ,free ,ballot #ahf ,! ,nation at ,l9coln's ,bi] 7,t5niel7 #ahg ,figures f a ,triumph #ahi ,! ,diagnosis 7,*am7 #aij ,! ,eg]ean ,nymph 7,daumi]7 #aia ,paul & ,virg9ia 7,gill7 #aib ,! ,fir/ ,conscript ( ,france 7,gill7 #aic ,! ,situation 7,gill7 #aie ,l\is ,blanc 7,gill7 #aig ,rival ,arbit]s 7,t5niel7 #aih ,! ,man ,:o ,laughs 7,gill7 #aii ,! ,man ,:o ,?9ks 7,gill7 #bjj ,to ,be or ,n to ,be 7,gill7 #bja ,a*illes 9 ,retreat 7,gill7 #bjb ,! ,presid5t ( ,rhodes 7,daumi]7 #bjc ,a ,tempe/ 9 a ,glass ( ,wat] 7,gill7 #bjd ,a ,duel to ! ,dea? 7,t5niel7 #bje ,septemb] #d?1 #ahgj #bjf ,h] ,baptism ( ,fire 7,t5niel7 #bjg ,&re ,gill #bjh ,! ,m>quis de ,galliffet 7,willette7 #bji ,! ,hi/ory ( a ,reign 7,daumi]7 #baj ,?is has ,kill$ ,t 7,daumi]7 #baa ,! ,m\setrap & its ,victims 7,daumi]7 #baa ,prussia ,annexes ,alsace 7,*am7 #bac ,britannia's ,sympa?y 7,*am7 #bad ,adieu 7,*am7 #bae ,s\v5irs & ,regrets 7,ar&a7 #baf ,! ,napoleon ,m\ntebanks 7,hadol7 #bag ,prussia ,introduc+ ! ,new ,assembly 7,daumi]7 #bai ,let u ,eat ! ,prussian 7,gill7 #bbj ,design = a ,new ,h&bell 7,daumi]7 #bbb ,g]many's ,f>ewell #bbc ,bism>ck ! ,fir/ #bbd ,tro*u--#ahgj #bbe ,m>%al ,baza9e 7,fau/97 #bbf ,ro*e=t #bbg ,! ,g]man ,emp]or ,ent]s ,p>is 7,regamey7 #bbh ,c>an ,d',a*e #bcb ,gulliv] ,crispi #bcc ,*ang+ ! ,map 7,gill7 #bcd ,poor ,france6 7,daumi]7 #bcg ,! ,w>n+ 7,daumi]7 #bch ,! ,new ,ye> 7,daumi]7 #bci ,! ,root ( all ,evil #bdj ,! ,napoleonic ,drama #bda ,! ,fr5* ,political ,situation 7,regamey7 #bdc ,new ,cr[ns = ,old #bde ,tight5+ ! ,grip #bdf ,aeolus #bdg ,l',etat1 ,c'e/ ,moi #bdh ,! ,hidd5 ,h& #bdi ,! ,iri% ,frank5/e9 #bej ,! ,d>+ ,duckl+ #bea ,settl+ ! ,alabama ,claims #beb ,gordon ,wait+ at ,kh>t\m #bec ,! ,gratz ,br[n ,tag to ,greeley's ,coat 7,na/7 #bef ,?omas ,na/ #beg ,lab\r ,cap & ,d9n] ,pail 7,na/7 #bei ,! ,rag ,baby 7,na/7 #bfj ,! ,inflation ,donkey 7,na/7 #bfa ,! ,bra9s ( ,tammany 7,na/7 #bfb ,a ,popul> ,v]dict #bfc ,! ,tattoo$ ,columbia 7,keppl]7 #bfd ,splitt+ ! ,p>ty #bfe ,! ,headless ,c&idates #bff ,on ! ,d[n ,grade #bfg ,=bidd+ ! ,banns 7,keppl]7 #bgj ,! ,wake 7,keppl]7 #bgb ,a ,common ,sorr[ #bgc ,:y ,!y ,dislike ,him #bgd ,! ,fir/ ,tattoo$ ,man 7,gillam7 #bge ,a ,g]man ,idea ( ,iri% ,home ,rule #bgi ,! ,new ,national ,sexton #bhj ,horatius ,clevel& #bha ,b]n>d ,gillam #bhb ,joseph ,keppl] #bhc ,! ,john ,bull ,octopus #bhe ,! ,h& ( ,an>*y #bhf ,! ,triple ,alliance #bhg ,a ,pres5t-,day ,lesson #bij ,gordon 9 ,kh>t\m #bia ,! ,spuri\s ,p>nell ,lett]s #bia ,dropp+ ! ,pilot 7,t5niel7 #bib ,l',enfant ,t]rible #bic ,william ,bluebe>d #bid ,*9ese ,native ,c>toon #bie ,japan 9 ,corea #bif ,bus9ess at ! ,dea?b$ #big ,! ,/>t = ! ,*9a ,cup #big ,end ( ! ,*9ese-,japanese ,w> #bih ,! ,*9ese ,exclusion ,act #bii ,! ,great ,republican ,circus 7,opp]7 #cjj ,to ! ,rescue #cja ,a ,pilgrim's ,progress #cjb ,g5]al ,b\lang] #cjc ,! ,hague ,peace ,conf]5ce #cjc ,a ,fixture #cjd ,gr\p ( ,mod]n ,fr5* ,c>icaturi/s #cje ,! ,anglo-,fr5* ,w> ,b>omet] #cjg ,rip ,van ,w9kle ,awakes #caj ,!y're ,(f #caa ,:]e am ,i at8 7,gillam7 #cab ,! ,political ,columbus 7,gillam7 #cad ,clevel&'s ,map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,gillam7 #cae ,return ( ! ,s\!rn ,flags 7,gillam7 #cag ,! ,*ampion ,ma%] 7,gillam7 #cai ,! ,h>rison ,plat=m 7,keppl]7 #cbj ,! ,*ilian ,affair #cbb ,a ,political ,tam ,o',%ant] 7,gillam7 #cbd ,don ,quixote ,bryan & ! ,w9dmill 7,victor ,gillam7 #cbe ,out+ ( ! ,an>*i/s #cbf ,to ! ,dea? #cbg ,! ,great ,weyl] ,ape #cbh ,we are ! ,p #cbi ,be ,c>eful6 ,x's ,load$ 7,victor ,gillam7 #cca ,! ,safety ,valve #ccc ,! ,late/ ,w> ,bullet9 7,hamilton7 #ccd ,spani% ,c>toons ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> #cce ,! ,spani% ,brute 7,hamilton7 #ccg ,spani% ,c>toons ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> #cci ,! ,rhodes ,colossus 7,samb\rne7 #cdb ,! ,situation 9 ,s\? ,africa 7,gillam7 #cdc ,bloody ,c>tography #cdd ,lady ,macbe? #cde ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man #cdf ,oom ,paul's ,favorite ,pa/ime #cdg ,up aga9/ ! ,brea/works #cdh ,! ,napoleon ( ,s\? ,africa #cdi ,fire6 #cej ,! ,la/ ,phase ( ! ,dreyfus ,case #cej ,t[>d ,fre$om #cea ,! ,fr5* ,g5]al's ,/aff #ceb ,betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis #cec ,devil's ,isl& #ced ,c4 ,g4 ,bu% #cef ,willie & ,8 ,papa 7,opp]7 #ceg ,hom] ,dav5port #cei ,dav5port's ,conception ( ! ,tru/s #cfa ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,9 ,,c>icature ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,napoleonic ,,era ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,political ,,c>icature ,:ile ! impulse to satirize public m5 9 picture is probably z old z satiric v]se1 if n old]1 ! political c>toon1 z an effective ag5t 9 mold+ public op9ion1 is ess5tially a product ( mod]n conditions & me?ods4 ,z ) ! campaign song1 its success dep5ds ^u its timel9ess1 ^u ! ability to seize ^u a critical mom5t1 a burn+ "q ( ! h\r1 & anticipate ! outcome :ile public excitem5t is /ill at a :ite heat4 ,b unlike satiric v]se1 x is dep5d5t ^u ink & pap]4 ,x _c be transmitt$ orally4 ,! dogg]el v]ses ( ! ,roman legions pass$ f camp to camp ) ! my/]i\s swiftness ( an epidemic1 & f\nd _! way ev5 into ! sob] hi/ory ( ,suetonius4 ,! topical songs & p>odies ( ! ,middle ,ages migrat$ f t[n to t[n ) ! /roll+ m9/rels1 z readily z did ! cycles ( h]oic poetry4 ,b ) c>icature ! case 0 v diff]5t4 ,x may be t ! man ( ! ,/one ,age1 :om ,mr4 ,opp] has lately utiliz$ s clev]ly 9 a s]ies ( c>icatures1 0 ! fir/ to draw rude & di/ort$ lik5esses ( "s unpopul> *iefta91 j z ! ,roman soldi] ( #gi ,a4 ,d4 scrat*$ on ! wall ( 8 b>racks 9 ,pompeii an unflatt]+ portrait ( "s m>t9et c5turion :i* ! a%es ( ,vesuvius h pres]v$ until to-day4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,greeks & ,romans appreciat$ ! p[] ( ridicule lat5t 9 satiric pictures2 b until ! era ( ! pr9t+ press1 ! c>icaturi/ 0 z "o cry+ 9 a wild]ness4 ,& x is only ) ! mod]n co-op]ation ( pr9t+ & photography t c>icature has come into its full inh]itance4 ,! be/ & mo/ tell+ c>toons are ^? :i* d n m]ely reflect curr5t public op9ion1 b guide x4 ,9 look+ back ov] a c5tury ( c>icature1 we are apt to ov]look ?is di/9ction4 ,a c>toon :i* clev]ly illu/rates "s important hi/orical ev5t1 & ?r[s light ^u ! contempor>y attitude ( ! public1 is equally int]e/+ to-day1 :e!r x anticipat$ ! ev5t or 0 publi%$ a mon? aft]w>d4 ,b 9 ord] to influ5ce public op9ion1 c>icature mu/ conta9 a c]ta9 elem5t ( prophecy4 ,x mu/ sugge/ a dang] or po9t an int]rogation4 ,z an example1 we may comp>e two fam\s c>toons by ! ,engli% arti/ ,gillray1 ,a ,connoisseur ,exam9+ a ,coop] & ! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag & ,gulliv]4 ,9 ! latt]1 ,george ,,iii41 9 ! guise ( a giant1 is curi\sly exam9+ ?r\gh 8 magnify+ glass a ,lilliputian ,napoleon4 ,!re is no elem5t ( prophecy ab\t ! c>toon4 ,x simply reflects ! contemptu\s attitude ( ! "t t[>d ,napoleon1 & und]e/imates ! dang]4 ,! o!r c>toon1 :i* appe>$ sev]al ye>s e>li]1 %[s ! ,k+ anxi\sly exam9+ ! features ( ,coop]'s well-kn[n m9iature ( ,cromwell1 ! great ov]?r[] ( k+s4 ,public s5tim5t at t "t sugge/$ ! imm95ce ( ano!r revolution1 & ! c>toon sugge/s a mom5t\s "q3 ,w ! fate ( ,*>les ,i4 be repeat$8 ,9 ! light ( hi/ory1 ! ,gulliv] c>toon is to-day und\bt$ly ! m int]e/+1 b at ! "t ( its appe>ance x c\ld n h produc$ any?+ approa*+ ! s5sation ( t ( a ,connoisseur4 ,illu/ration3 ,gillray's ,conception ( ! ,fr5* ,invasion ( ,engl&4 ,! necessity ( gett+ a c>icature swiftly be=e ! public has always be5 felt1 & has giv5 rise to "s curi\s devices & make%ifts4 ,9 ! example :i* we h not$ z hav+ come d[n f ,roman times1 a patriotic citiz5 ( ,pompeii c\ld f9d no bett] m$ium = giv+ 8 c>toon ( an important local ev5t to ! _w ?an by scrat*+ x ^u ! wall ( 8 dwell+-h\se aft] ! fa%ion ( ! mod]n adv]tisem5t4 ,!re 0 a "t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury :5 packs ( political play+-c>ds enjoy$ an ext5d$ vogue4 ,! fa%ion ( pr9t+ c>toons ^u ladies' fans & o!r articles ( simil>ly intimate "* 0 a transitory fad 9 ,engl& a c5tury ago4 ,mr4 ,ack]mann1 a fam\s pr9t] ( 8 g5]ation1 & publi%] ( ! great] "p ( ,r[l&son's c>toons1 adopt$ z an exp$i5t = spread+ political news a small balloon ) an atta*$ me*anism1 :i*1 :5 lib]at$1 w\ld drop news bullet9s at int]vals z x pass$ ov] field & village4 ,9 ?is c\ntry _m p ( ! old] g5]ation w /ill rememb] ! widespread popul>ity ( ! patriotic c>icature-envelopes t 7 circulat$ dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,to-day we are s us$ to ! daily newspap] c>toon t we d n /op to ?9k h[ s]i\sly h&icapp$ ! c>tooni/s ( a c5tury ago f\nd !mselves4 ,! m important c>toons ( ,gillray & ,r[l&son appe>$ ei!r 9 mon?ly p]iodicals1 su* z ! ,we/m9/] ,magaz9e & ! ,ox=d ,magaz9e1 or 9 sep>ate %eets t sold at ! prohibitive price ( sev]al %ill+s4 ,9 times ( great public excitem5t1 z dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( ! ,napoleonic w>s1 su* c>toons 7 b\ght up gre$ily1 ! ,city vy+ ) ! ari/ocratic ,we/ ,end 9 _! patriotic dem& = !m4 ,b su* times 7 exceptional1 & ! old] c>icaturi/s 7 oblig$ to let pass _m int]e/+ crises because ! situations w\ld h become already /ale be=e ! day ( publication ( ! mon?ly magaz9es came r\nd4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! illu/rat$ weeklies ! situation 0 improv$1 b x is only 9 rec5t times t ! ideal condition has be5 rea*$1 :5 ! cabl$ news ( ye/]day is int]pret$ 9 ! c>toon ( to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,nelson at ! ,battle ( ! ,nile4 ,!re is ano!r & less specific reason :y c>icature _h to await ! adv5t ( pr9t+ & ! wid] dissem9ation ( k :i* result$4 ,! successful political c>toon presupposes a c]ta9 av]age degree ( intellig5ce 9 a nation1 an awak5$ civic consci5ce1 a s5se ( responsibility = ! nation's welf>e4 ,! clev]e/ c>tooni/ w\ld wa/e 8 "t appeal+ to a nation ( feudal vassals2 he c\ld n expect to influ5ce a p to :om ! ballot box 0 clos$4 ,c>icature fl\ri%es be/ 9 an atmosph]e ( democracy2 !re is an et]nal incompatibility betwe5 its audaci\s irrev]5ce & ! doctr9e ( ! div9e "r ( k+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,bonap>te #dh ,h\rs aft] ,l&+4 ,& yet ! be/ type ( c>icature %\ld n require a high degree ( intellig5ce4 ,_m clev] c>tooni/s ov]-rea* !mselves by an excess ( clev]ness1 appeal+ at be/ to a limit$ audi5ce4 ,( ?is type are ! c>toons ^: po9t lies 9 p>ody+ "s fam\s pa9t+ or a ma/]piece ( lit]ature1 :i*1 z a result1 necess>ily rema9s cavi>e to ! g5]al4 ,!re is a type ( portrait c>icature s cultur$ & subtle t x (t5 produces lik5esses tru] to ! man we "k 9 real life ?an a photograph w\ld be4 ,a good example ( ?is type is ! famili> "w ( ,william ,ni*olson1 ^: portrait ( ! late ,que5 ( ,engl& is said to h be5 recogniz$ by h] z "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic pictures %e _h ev] _h tak54 ,:at appeals to ! public1 h[ev]1 is a co>s] type1 a gross exagg]ation ( prom95t features1 a willful di/ortion1 result+ 9 ridicule or glorification4 ,(t5times ! c>icature deg5]ates into a m]e symbol4 ,we h outgr[n ! pu]ility ( ! pictorial pun :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ,engl& at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 c>tooni/s ( ,gillray's rank 7 cont5t to repres5t ,"l ,bute z a pair ( boots1 ,"l ,nor? z ,boreas1 ! nor? w9d1 & ! eld] ,fox ) ! head & tail ( ! animal sugge/$ by 8 "n4 ,yet p]sonification ( "o k9d & ano!r1 & notably ! p]sonification ( ! nations 9 ! %ape ( ,john ,bull & ,uncle ,sam & ! ,russian ,be>1 =ms ! v alphabet ( political c>icature ( ! pres5t day4 ,"s ( ! mo/ memorable s]ies t h ev] appe>$ 7 f\nd$ ^u a *ance resemblance ( ! subject ( !m to "s natural object4 ,notable in/ances are ,daumi]'s fam\s s]ies ( ,l\is ,philippe repres5t$ z a pe>1 & ,na/'s equally clev]1 b m local1 c>icatures ( ,twe$ z a money-bag4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 if ! mat]ial 7 accessible1 to trace ! developm5t ( ! diff]5t p]sonifications ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia1 & ! re/1 f _! fir/ appe>ance 9 c>icature1 b un=tunately _! e>li] developm5t _c be fully trac$4 ,! und]ly+ idea ( repres5t+ ! diff]5t nations z individuals1 & depict+ ! great int]national crises 9 a s]ies ( allegories or p>ables or animal /ories--a sort ( pictorial ,a,esop's fables--dates back to ! v beg9n+ ( c>icature4 ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ c>toons t h be5 pres]v$1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & a numb] ( m9or pr9cipalities :i* h s9ce disappe>$ f ! map ( ,europe1 are repres5t$ z play+ a game ( c>ds ) "s disput$ isl& possessions z ! /akes4 ,9 ?is case ! sev]al nations are indicat$ m]ely by h]aldic emblems4 ,! conception ( ,john ,bull 0 n to be evolv$ until a c\ple ( c5turies lat]4 ,?is c>toon1 l ! o!rs ( t "t1 orig9at$ 9 ,france "u ,l\is ,,xii4 ,! fur!r developm5t ( ! art 0 decisively *eck$ "u ! despotic reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & ! few c>icaturi/s ( t "t :o _h ! c\rage to use _! p5cil aga9/ ! k+ 7 driv5 to ! exp$i5t ( publi%+ _! works 9 ,holl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,bull tak+ a ,lun*eon4 ,an impressive illu/ration ( ! advantage :i* ! satirical poet has ov] ! c>tooni/ lies 9 ! fact t "s ( ! clev]e/ political satire ev] writt51 z well z ! be/ examples ( ! application ( ! animal fable to politics1 7 produc$ 9 ,france at ?is v "t 9 ! fables ( ,la ,fonta9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fr5* ,consul> ,triumvirate4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,hog>? ,,& ,,8 ,,times ,f ,holl& c>icature migrat$ to ,great ,brita9 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury--a natural result ( ! att5tion :i* ,dut* c>tooni/s _h be/[$ ^u ! revolution ( #afhh--;& !re x f\nd a f]tile & cong5ial soil4 ,! ,engli% _h n _h "t to =get t !y _h once put ! div9e "r ( k+s to ! te/ ( ! execution]'s block1 & :at little rev]5ce /ill surviv$ 0 n likely to af=d protection = a race ( import$ mon>*s4 ,moreov]1 z x happ5$1 ! developm5t ( ,engli% c>icature 0 de/9$ to be guid$ by ! giant g5ius ( two m51 ,hog>? & ,gillray2 & h[ev] f> ap>t ^! two m5 7 9 _! moral & arti/ic /&>ds1 !y _h "o ?+ 9 common1 a p]5nial scorn = ! ,h\se ( ,hanov]4 ,hog>?'s contemptu\s satire ( ,george ,,ii4 0 m ?an e*o$ 9 ,gillray's m]ciless attacks ^u ,george ,,iii4 ,! well-kn[n c>toons ( ,f>m] ,george1 & ,george ! ,button-,mak]1 7 b two ( ! c\ntless ways 9 :i* he av5g$ himself ^u ! dull-witt$ k+ :o _h once ackn[l$g$ t he c\ld n see ! po9t ( ,gillray's c>icatures4 ,al?\gh ,hog>? ant$ates ! p]iod cov]$ by ! pres5t articles by fully half a c5tury1 he is mu* too comm&+ a figure 9 ! hi/ory ( comic art to be summ>ily dismiss$4 ,! ye> #agbj m>ks ! era ( ! s-call$ bubble mania1 ! era ( unprec$5t$ inflation1 ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,company 9 ,london1 & ! equally notori\s ,mississippi s*emes ( ,john ,law 9 ,france4 ,popul> excitem5t f\nd v5t 9 a v]itable deluge ( c>toons1 _m ( :i* orig9at$ 9 ,am/]dam & 7 repr9t$ 9 ,london1 (t5 ) ! addition ( explanatory satiric v]ses 9 ,engli%4 ,9 "o1 ,=tune is repres5t$ rid+ 9 a c> driv5 by ,folly1 & drawn by p]sonifications ( ! diff]5t companies responsible = ! disa/r\s epidemic ( speculation3 ! ,mississippi1 limp+ along on a wood5 leg2 ! ,s\? ,sea1 ) its foot 9 spl9ts1 etc4 ,9 ano!r1 we h an imag9>y map ( ! ,s\!rn seas1 repres5t+ ! v fam\s isl& ( ,madhead1 situat$ 9 ,%>e ,sea1 & inhabit$ by all k9ds ( p1 to :i* is giv5 ! g5]al "n ( ,%>ehold]s4 ,john ,law came 9 = a major %>e ( ! c>icaturi/'s att5tion4 ,9 "o picture he is repres5t$ z assi/+ ,atlas to be> up imm5se globes ( w9d2 9 ano!r1 he is a w9d-monopoli/1 decl>+1 ,! w9d is my treasure1 cu%ion1 & f\ndation4 ,ma/] ( ! w9d1 ,i am ma/] ( life1 & my w9d monopoly becomes /raightway ! object ( idolatry4 ,! w9dy "* ( ! %>e-bus9ess is ! dom9ant note 9 ! c>toons ( ! p]iod4 ,bubbles1 w9dmills1 fly+ kites1 play a prom95t "p 9 ! detail ) :i* ! backgr\nd ( ! typical ,dut* c>icature 0 always cr[d$4 ,^! c>toons1 display$ conspicu\sly 9 ,london %op w9d[s1 7 n only se5 by ,hog>?1 b influ5c$ him vitally4 ,8 e>lie/ kn[n essay 9 political c>icature is an adaptation ( "o ( ^! ,dut* pr9ts1 repres5t+ ! :eel ( ,=tune1 be>+ ! luckless & infatuat$ speculators high al(t4 ,8 late/ "w /ill %[s ! influ5ce ( ,holl& 9 ! endless weal? ( m9ute detail1 ! pa9/ak+ elaboration ( 8 backgr\nds1 9 :i* ! mo/ pati5t exam9ation is ev] f9d+ some?+ new4 ,) ,hog>?1 ! ov]*>g$ me?od ( ! ,dut* s*ool became a m$ium = irrepressible g5ius4 ,at ! h&s ( 8 foll[]s & imitators1 x became a s\rce ( obscurity & confusion4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,capture ( ! ,dani% ,%ips4 ,:ile ,hog>? is rightly recogniz$ z ! fa!r ( ,engli% c>icature1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t 8 be/ "w 0 done on ! social r ?an on ! political side4 ,ev5 8 mo/ fam\s political s]ies1 t ( ,! ,elections1 is broadly g5]aliz$4 ,x is n 9 any s5se campaign lit]ature1 b an exposition ( contempor>y mann]s4 ,& ?is 0 always ,hog>?'s aim4 ,he 0 by in/9ct a reali/1 end[$ ) a ke5 s5se ( humor--a quality 9 :i* _m a mod]n reali/ is defici5t4 ,he satiriz$ life z he saw x1 ! good & ! bad toge!r1 ) a frankness :i* at times 0 some:at brutal1 l ! frankness ( ,field+ & ( ,smollett ! frankness ( ! age !y liv$ 94 ,x 0 ess5tially an outspok5 age1 robu/ & r gross2 a r$-blood$ age1 nurtur$ on ,engli% beef & be]2 a jovial age t %ook its sides ov] _m a broad je/1 & saw no %ame 9 op5 allusion to ! obvi\s & elem5tal facts ( physical life4 ,judg$ by ! /&>ds ( 8 day1 !re is little (f5se 9 ,hog>?'s "w2 ev5 :5 measur$ by our own1 he is n delib]ately lic5ti\s4 ,on ! contr>y1 he set an example ( mod]ation :i* 8 successors w\ld h done well to imitate4 ,he realiz$1 z ! lat] c>icaturi/s ( 8 c5tury did n1 t ! great /r5g? ( pictorial satire lies 9 ridicule r ?an 9 invective2 t ! subtle/ irony (t5 lies 9 a close adh]5ce to tru?1 :]e riot\s & unre/ra9$ exagg]ation defeats its own end4 ,j z 9 ! case ( ,joseph ,&rews1 ,field+'s creative in/9ct got ! upp] h& ( ! p>odi/1 s 9 mu* ( ,hog>?'s "w "o feels t ! c>icaturi/ is =c$ to yield place to ! reali/ic arti/1 ! /ud5t ( human life1 c>ri$ away by ! int]e/ ( ! /ory he has to tell4 ,8 *ief gift to c>icature is 8 unprec$5t$ developm5t ( ! n>rative quality 9 pictorial art4 ,he po9t$ a road along :i* 8 imitators c\ld foll[ him only at a di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,bonap>te & 8 ,engli% ,fri5ds--,! ,broad ,bottom ,adm9i/ration4 ,) ! second half ( ! eighte5? c5tury !re began an era ( great lic5se 9 ! political press1 an era ( bitt] vitup]ation & vile p]sonal abuse4 ,hog>? 0 "o ( ! *ief suff]]s4 ,aft] hold+ alo( f p>tisan politics = ne>ly half a c5tury1 he publi%$1 9 #agfb1 8 well-kn[n c>toon attack+ ! ex-m9i/]1 ,pitt4 ,all ,europe is repres5t$ 9 flames1 :i* are spread+ to ,great ,brita9 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ,"l ,bute1 aid$ by 8 ,highl&]s1 to ext+ui% !m4 ,pitt is bl[+ ^u ! flames1 :i* are be+ f$ by ! ,duke ( ,newca/le f a b>r[ full ( ,monitors & ,nor? ,britons1 two scurril\s pap]s ( ! day4 ,! bitt]ness ) :i* ,hog>? 0 attack$ 9 retaliation & ! p]si/5ce ( 8 p]secutors result$1 z 0 g5]ally believ$ at ! "t1 9 a brok5 he>t & 8 dea? 9 #agfd4 ,an amaz+ increase 9 ! numb] ( c>icatures foll[$ ! entry ( ,"l ,bute's m9i/ry into p[]4 ,!y 7 di/+ui%$ *iefly by _! poor execution & gross indec5cy4 ,z e>ly z #agfb1 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 itself none too immaculate1 compla9s t ,_m ( ! repres5tations t h lately appe>$ 9 ! %ops are n only reproa*ful to ! gov]nm5t1 b (f5sive to common-s5se2 !y discov] a t5d5cy to inflame1 )\t a sp>k ( fire to light _! own combu/ion4 ,! /ate ( society 9 ,engl& 0 at ?is "t notori\sly immoral & lic5ti\s4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( h>d liv+ & h>d dr9k+4 ,! well-kn[n habits ( su* public figures z ,%]idan & ,fox are em95t examples4 ,! _s ( gambl+ _h become a mania1 & wom5 _h caught ! contagion z well z m54 ,n[h]e 0 ! pr(ligacy ( ! times m cle>ly %[n ?an 9 ! loos5ess ( public social functions1 su* z ! notori\s masqu]ade balls1 :i* a contempor>y j\rnal1 ! ,we/m9/] ,magaz9e1 s]i\sly decri$ z subv]sive ( virtue & e noble & dome/ic po9t ( honor4 ,! l[ /&>ds ( morals & want ( delicacy are reveal$ 9 ! extravagance ( wom5's dress1 ! loos5ess ( _! spee*4 ,x 0 an age :5 wom5 ( rank1 su* z ,lady ,buck+ham & ,lady ,ar*]1 7 publicly ?reat5$ by an em95t judge ) exposure on ! pillory = hav+ sy/ematically entic$ "y m5 & robb$ !m at _! f>o tables1 & aft]w>d f\nd !mselves expos$ 9 ! pillory ( popul> op9ion 9 scurril\s c>toons f %op w9d[s all ov] ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,pacific ,ov]tures4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,james ,,gillray ,at a "t :5 *eap abuse took ! place ( te*nical skill1 & vulg>ity pass$ = wit1 a man ( unlimit$ audacity1 :o 0 also a consummate ma/] ( 8 p5cil1 easily took prec$5ce4 ,su* a man 0 ,james ,gillray1 unque/ionably ! lead+ c>tooni/ ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii4 ,yet ( ! _m :o are to-day famili> ) ! "n ( ,gillray & ! important "p he play$ 9 influ5c+ public op9ion dur+ ! /ruggle ) ,napoleon1 v few h an und]/&+ ( ! dom9ant qualities ( 8 "w4 ,a l>ge "p ( x1 & probably ! mo/ repres5tative "p1 is *>act]iz$ by a f\lness & an obsc5ity :i* ! pres5t g5]ation _c c\nt5ance4 ,!re is a :ole s]ies ( c>toons be>+ 8 "n :i* x w\ld n only be absolutely out ( ! "q to reproduce1 b ! v nature ( :i* c be indicat$ only 9 ! mo/ gu>d$ mann]4 ,imag9e ! works ( ,rabelais %amelessly illu/rat$ by a ma/] h&6 ,try to conceive ( ! nature ( ! pictures :i* ,panurge *alk$ up on ! walls ( old ,p>is4 ,x 0 n m]ely ! fault ( ! times1 z 9 ! case ( ,hog>?4 ,public ta/e 0 suffici5tly deprav$ already2 b ,gillray delib]ately pro/itut$ 8 g5ius to ! level ( a procur]1 to debau* x fur!r4 ,f fir/ to la/ 8 draw+s impress "o z emanat+ f a m9d n only unclean1 b unbalanc$ z well--a m9d ov] :i* !re hung1 ev5 at ! beg9n+1 ! furtive %ad[ ( t madness :i* at la/ ov]took & blight$ him4 ,!re is b "o ( ! hallm>ks ( great c>icature 9 ! "w ( ,gillray1 & t is ! la/+ impression :i* !y make4 ,!y refuse to be =gott52 !y rema9 impr9t$ on ! bra91 l ! obsession ( a nightm>e4 ,:ile 9 "o s5se !y /& z a pitiless indictm5t ( ! g5]ation t tol]at$ !m1 !y are n a reflection ( ! life t ,gillray saw1 except 9 ! s5se t _! physical de=mity symbolizes ! moral f\lness ( ! age4 ,grace & *>m & physical beauty1 :i* ,hog>? c\ld use effectively1 are unkn[n quantities to ,gillray4 ,!re is an elem5t ( mon/rosity ab\t all 8 figures1 di/ort$ & repell5t4 ,f\l1 bloat$ faces2 twi/$1 swoll5 limbs2 un%apely figures ^: protub]ant fle% sugge/s a tumefi$ & fungoid gr[?--su* is ! brood begott5 by ,gillray's p5cil1 l ! malignant spawn ( "s =gott5 circle ( ! l[] inf]no4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,coronation ,procession ( ,napoleon4 ,x w\ld be idle to dispute ! f>-rea*+ p[] ( ,gillray's g5ius1 p]v]t$ ?\gh x 04 ,?r\gh\t ! ,napoleonic w>s1 c>icature & ! "n ( ,gillray are conv]tible t]ms2 =1 ev5 aft] he 0 =c$ to lay d[n 8 p5cil1 8 brilliant contempor>ies & successors1 ,r[l&son & ,cruik%ank1 f\nd !mselves unable to ?r[ (f ! fett]s ( 8 influ5ce4 ,no hi/ory ( ,napoleon is q complete :i* fails to recognize ,gillray z a pot5t factor 9 cry/alliz+ public op9ion 9 ,engl&4 ,8 long s]ies ( c>toons aim$ at little ,boney are ! culm9at+ "w ( 8 life4 ,_! p[] lay1 n 9 intellectual subtlety or brilliant sc9tillation ( wit1 b 9 ! bitt]ness ( _! invective1 ! appeal !y make to elem5tal passions4 ,!y spoke a language :i* ! r\ghe/ ( ,london mobs c\ld und]/&--! language ( ! gutt]4 ,!y 71 _m ( !m1 ma/]pieces ( pictorial ,bill+sgate4 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon & ,pitt divid+ ! ,_w betwe5 ,!m4 ,!re is rancor1 !re is v5om1 !re is ! inevitable inh]itance ( ! w>f>e ( c5turies1 9 ^! c>icatures ( ,gillray1 b above all !re is fe>--fe> ( ,napoleon1 ( 8 g5ius1 ( 8 />4 ,x has be5 v easy = ,engli%m5 ( lat] days to say t ! ,fr5* nev] c\ld h cross$ ! ,*annel1 t !re 0 nev] any reason = disquiet2 x 0 ano!r matt] 9 ! days :5 troops 7 actually mass+ by ?\s&s on ! hills beh9d ,b\logne4 ,y c f9d ?is fe> voic$ ev]y:]e 9 ,gillray1 9 ! discordance betwe5 ! draw+s & ! text4 ,john ,bull is ! ox1 ,bonap>te ! contemptible frog2 b x is usually ! ox :o is bell[+ out defiance1 d>+ ! o!r to come on1 fl++ d[n insult at ! dim9utive foe4 ,let 'em come1 damme6 %\ts ! bold ,briton 9 ! pictures ( ! "t4 ,damme6 :]e are ! ,fr5* bugaboos8 ,s+le-h&$ ,i'll beat =ty ( 'em1 damme6 ,e means 0 us$ to r\se ! _s ( ! ,engli% nation1 & to /imulate hatr$ ( ! ,fr5* & _! lead]4 ,9 "o picture1 ,boney & 8 family are 9 rags1 & are gnaw+ raw bones 9 a rude ,corsican hut2 9 ano!r we f9d him ) a hookah & turban1 hav+ adopt$ ! ,mahometan religion2 9 a ?ird we see him murd]+ ! sick at ,joppa4 ,9 ! c>icatures ( ,gillray1 ,napoleon is always a mon/]1 a fi5d 9 human %ape1 crav5 & murd]\s2 b :5 deal+ ) ! "q ( ?is fi5d's p[] = evil1 ,gillray made no attempt at consi/5cy4 ,?is ogre1 :o ?r\gh "o s]ies ( pictures 0 repres5t$ z kick$ ab\t f boot to boot1 kick$ by ! ,spani>ds1 ! ,turks1 ! ,au/rians1 ! ,prussians1 ! ,russians1 9 ano!r is depict$ z be+ v dang]\s inde$4 ,a curi\s example ( ?is inconsi/5cy w be f\nd 9 plac+ side by side ! two c>toons consid]$ by _m to be ,gillray's be/3 ,! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag & ,gulliv]1 already ref]r$ to1 & ,tiddy-,doll1 ! great ,fr5* g+]bread ,mak]1 ,draw+ out a new ,bat* ( ,k+s4 ,! p]nici\s1 little1 odi\s reptile :om ,george ! ,?ird is hold+ s contemptu\sly 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 9 ! fir/ c>icature1 is 9 ! second conc$$ly ( ,european importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,arm$ ,h]oes4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,h&writ+ on ! ,wall4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,bonap>te ,,z ,,fir/ ,,consul ,= ! fir/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 0 b "o important s\rce ( c>icature1 & "o all-important subject--,engl& & ,bonap>te4 ,am]ica at ?is "t c\nt$ = little 9 int]national politics4 ,! revolution>y p]iod clos$ def9itely ) ! dea? ( ,wa%+ton1 ! "o figure 9 our national politics :o /ood = some?+ def9ite 9 ! eyes ( ,europe4 ,our incipi5t naval w> ) ,france1 :i* = a mom5t ?reat5$ to assign u a "p 9 ! g5]al /ruggle ( ! ,p[]s1 0 amicably conclud$ be=e ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,jeff]sonian p]iod1 national & local satire & burlesque fl\ri%$1 aton+ 9 quantity = :at x lack$ 9 wit & arti/ic skill4 ,mr4 ,p>ton1 9 8 ,c>icature & ,o!r ,comic ,art1 f9ds b "o c>toon :i* he ?9ks x wor? :ile to cite--,jeff]son kneel+ be=e a pill> label$ ,alt> ( ,gallic ,despotism1 ^u :i* are ,pa9e's ,age ( ,reason1 & ! works ( ,r\sseau1 ,voltaire1 & ,helvetius1 ) ! demon ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution cr\*+ beh9d x1 & ! ,am]ican ,eagle so>+ to ! sky be>+ away ! ,con/itution & ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & he adds3 ,pictures ( t nature1 ( great size1 cr[d$ ) objects1 emblems1 & s5t5ces--an elaborate bl5d+ ( burlesque1 allegory1 & enigma--7 s mu* valu$ by t g5]ation t "s ( !m 7 engrav$ ^u copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,d\ble-,fac$ ,napoleon4 ,f ! collection ( ,john ,leon>d ,dudley1 ,jr4 ,france1 on ! contr>y1 ! c5tral /age ( ! great drama ( nations1 might at ?is "t h produc$ a s*ool ( c>icaturi/s wor?y ( _! opportunity--a s*ool t w\ld h (fset ) its ,gallic wit ! heavi] s*ool ( ,briti% invective1 & might h furni%$ ,napoleon ) a /rong weapon aga9/ 8 mo/ p]si/5t enemies1 _h he n1 ) que/ionable wisdom1 /]nly repress$ pictorial satire ( a political nature4 ,z ! c5tury op5s1 ! drama ( ! ensu+ f\rte5 ye>s becomes cle>ly def9$2 ! prologue has be5 play$2 ,napoleon's ambition 9 ! ,ea/ has be5 *eck$1 fir/ by ! ,battle ( ! ,nile1 & !n def9itely at ,ab\kir4 ,h5ce=? he is to limit 8 s*emes ( conque/ to ,europe1 & ,john ,bull is ! only national figure :o seems likely to attempt to *eck him4 ,! ,battle ( ! ,nile 0 commemorat$ by ,gillray1 :o depict$ ,nelson's victory 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,extirpation ( ! ,plagues ( ,egypt1 ,de/ruction ( ! ,revolution>y ,crocodiles1 or ! ,briti% ,h]o ,cleans+ ! ,m\? ( ! ,nile4 ,"h ,nelson is %[n disp]s+ ! ,fr5* fleet treat$ z crocodiles4 ,he has de/roy$ numb]s ) 8 cudgel ( ,briti% oak2 he is beat+ d[n o!rs2 a :ole bevy1 ) hooks ?r\gh _! noses1 are atta*$ by /r+s to ! iron hook :i* replac$ 8 lo/ =e>m4 ,9 ! di/ance a crocodile is bur/+ & ca/+ fire & ru9 on all sides4 ,?is is an allusion to ! de/ruction ( ! ,ori5t1 ! flag%ip ( ! ,republican ,admiral1 ! h]oic ,brueys1 :o decl9$ to quit 8 po/ :5 lit]ally cut to pieces4 ,ano!r c>toon by ,gillray :i* belongs to ?is p]iod is ,! ,fr5* ,consul> ,triumvirate ,settl+ ! ,new ,con/itution4 ,x introduces ! figures ( ,napoleon & 8 fell[-consuls1 ,cambac]es & ,lebrun1 :o replac$ ! v au?ors ( ! new in/rum5t1 ,sieyes & ,ducos1 quietly depos$ by ,napoleon )9 ! ye>4 ,! second & ?ird consuls are provid$ ) blank %eets ( pap]1 = m]e =m--!y h only to bite _! p5s4 ,! ,corsican is compil+ a con/itution 9 accordance ) 8 own views4 ,a b& ( imps is b5ea? ! table1 =g+ new *a9s = ,france & = ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,two ,k+s ( ,t]ror4 ,aft] a c>toon by ,r[l&son4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! ,add+ton m9i/ry1 :i* 9 #ahja replac$ t ( ,william ,pitt1 & are repres5t$ 9 c>icature z ,lilliputian sub/itutes lo/ 9 ! dep?s ( ,mr4 ,pitt's jack-boots1 set out z a peace m9i/ry & ent]$ into ! negotiations ) ,napoleon :i*1 9 ! foll[+ ,m>*1 result$ 9 ! ,peace ( ,ami5s4 ,gillray anticipat$ ?is peace ) sev]al al>mi/ c>toons3 ,prelim9>ies ( ,peace1 repres5t+ ,john ,bull be+ l$ by ! nose across ! *annel ov] a rott5 plank1 :ile ,britannia's %ield & sev]al valuable possessions h be5 ca/ aside into ! wat]2 & ,britannia's ,dea? ,w>rant1 9 :i* ,britannia is se5 be+ dragg$ away to ! guillot9e by ! ,corsican m>aud]4 ,! peace at fir/ gave g5u9e satisfaction 9 ,engl&1 b t[>d ! end ( #ahjb !re 7 gr[+ signs ( popul> discont5t1 :i* ,gillray voic$ 9 ,! ,nurs]y1 ) ,britannia ,repos+ 9 ,peace4 ,britannia is "h portray$ z an ov]gr[n baby 9 h] cradle & f$ ^u ,fr5* pr9ciples by ,add+ton1 ,"l ,hawkesbury1 & ,fox4 ,/ill m fam\s 0 8 next c>toon1 ,! ,fir/ ,kiss ?is ,t5 ,ye>s2 or1 ! ,meet+ ( ,britannia & ,citiz5 ,francois4 ,britannia1 gr[n enorm\sly /\t1 h] %ield & spe> idly repos+ aga9/ ! wall1 is blu%+ deeply at 8 w>m embrace & ard5t expressions ( joy3 ,madame1 p]mit me to pay my pr(\nd e/eem to y\r engag+ p]son1 & to seal on y\r div9e lips my ev]la/+ atta*m5t666 ,%e replies3 ,monsieur1 y are truly a well-br$ g5tleman2 & ?\gh y make me blu%1 yet y kiss s delicately t ,i _c refuse y1 ?\gh ,i 0 sure y w\ld deceive me aga94 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! portraits ( ,k+ ,george & ,bonap>te sc[l fi]cely at ea* o!r ^u ! wall4 ,?is is said to be "o ( ! v few c>icatures :i* ,napoleon himself he>tily enjoy$4 ,f n[ on1 ! c>toons take on a m cau/ic tone4 ,britannia is be+ robb$ ( h] *]i%$ possessions1 ev5 ,malta be+ on ! po9t ( be+ wre/$ f h]2 :ile ! bugaboo ( an invad+ army looms l>ge ^u ! horizon4 ,9 "o picture ,britannia1 unexpect$ly attack$ by ,napoleon's fleet1 is awak5+ f a trance ( fanci$ peace1 & pray+ t h] angels & m9i/]s ( disgrace def5d h]6 ,9 ano!r1 ,john ,bull1 hav+ wad$ across ! wat]1 is taunt+ little ,boney1 ^: head j %[s above ! wall ( 8 =tress3 ,if y mean to invade u1 :y make su* a r\t8 ,i say1 little ,boney1 :y don't y come out8 ,yes1 d---- y1 :y don't y come out8 ,9 8 c>toon call$ ,promis$ ,horrors ( ! ,fr5* ,invasion2 or1 ,=cible ,reasons = ,negotiat+ a ,regicide ,peace1 ,gillray pa9t$ ! imag9>y l&+ ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,engl&4 ,! f]oci\s legions are p\r+ f ,/4 ,james's ,palace1 :i* is 9 flames1 & !y are m>*+ pa/ ! clubs4 ,! practice ( patroniz+ democracy 9 ! c\ntries !y _h conqu]$ has be5 c>ri$ out by h&+ ov] ! ,tories1 ! con/itution1 & ! cr[n to ! ,foxite re=m]s & ! ,:ig p>ty4 ,! *ief ho/ility ( ! ,fr5* troops is direct$ aga9/ ! ari/ocratic clubs4 ,an indiscrim9ate massacre ( ! memb]s ( ,:ite's is proce$+ 9 ! doorways1 on ! balconies1 & :]ev] ! republican levies h p5etrat$4 ,! royal pr9ces are /abb$ & ?r[n into ! /reet4 ,a rivulet ( blood is runn+4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! picture is a tree ( lib]ty4 ,to ?is tree ,pitt is b\nd1 :ile ,fox is la%+ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag & ,gulliv]4 ,y may h se5 ,gillray's fam\s pr9t ( him--9 ! old wig1 9 ! /\t1 old1 hide\s ,w9dsor uni=m--z ! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag1 pe]+ at a little ,gulliv]1 :om he holds up 9 8 h&1 :il/ 9 ! o!r he has an op]a-glass1 ?r\gh :i* he surveys ! pygmy8 ,our fa!rs *ose to set up ,george z ! type ( a great k+2 & ! little ,gulliv] 0 ! great ,napoleon4--,?ack]ay's ,f\r ,georges4 ,! increas+ v5om ( ! ,engli% c>toons1 & _! frequ5t co>se p]sonalities1 caus$ no little uneas9ess to ,bonap>te1 until !y culm9at$ 9 a fam\s c>toon by ,gillray1 ,! ,h&writ+ on ! ,wall1 a broad satire on ,bel%azz>'s fea/1 :i* 0 publi%$ ,augu/ #bd1 #ahjc4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul1 8 wife ,joseph9e1 & ! memb]s ( ! c\rt are seat$ at table1 consum+ ! good ?+s ( ,old ,engl&4 ,! palace ( ,/4 ,james1 transfix$ ^u ,napoleon's =k2 ! t[] ( ,london1 :i* "o ( ! convives is swall[+ :ole2 ! head ( ,k+ ,george on a platt] inscrib$3 ,oh1 de beef ( ,old ,engl&6 ,a h& above holds out ! scales ( ,ju/ice1 9 :i* ! legitimate cr[n ( ,france weighs d[n ! r$ cap ) its atta*$ *a9--despotism misnam$ lib]ty4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,emp]or ,,at ,,8 ,,apogee ,= ! next ye> p>liam5t>y /rife at home1 fo/]$ by ,pitt's qu>rel ) ! ,add+ton m9i/ry on ! "o h& & 8 opposition to ,fox on ! o!r1 kept ! c>tooni/s busy4 ,!y f\nd "t1 h[ev]1 to celebrate ! coronation ( ,napoleon z ,emp]or 9 ,decemb]1 #ahjd4 ,gillray anticipat$ ! ev5t ) a c>toon entitl$ ,! ,g5ius ( ,france ,nurs+ h] ,d>l+1 9 :i* ! g5ius1 depict$ z a lady ) blood-/a9$ g>m5ts & a reek+ spe>1 tosses an infant ,napoleon1 arm$ ) a scept]1 & va9ly tries to *eck 8 cries ) a rattle surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,r[l&son1 ,gillray's clev] & m arti/ic contempor>y1 commemorat$ ! ev5t itself 9 a clev] c>toon1 ,! ,dea? ( ,madame ,republique1 publi%$ ,decemb] #ad1 #ahjd4 ,! moribund ,republique lies /ret*$ ^u h] dea?-b$1 h] nightcap adorn$ ) ! tricolor$ cockade4 ,! ,abbe ,sieyes1 9 ! role ( doctor1 is exhibit+ ! ,emp]or1 portray$ z a newborn infant 9 long clo!s4 ,john ,bull1 spectacles on nose1 is reg>d+ ! alt]$ conditions ) visible a/oni%m5t4 ,pray1 ,mr4 ,abbe ,sieyes1 :at 0 ! cause ( ! poor lady's dea?8 ,%e seem$ at "o "t 9 a tol]able ?riv+ way4 ,%e di$ 9 *ildb$1 ,mr4 ,bull1 aft] giv+ bir? to ?is little ,emp]or6 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon's ,burd54 ,f a ,g]man c>toon ( ! p]iod4 ,?is 0 foll[$ on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y by a l>ge satirical pr9t by ,gillray1 ( ,! ,gr& ,coronation ,procession1 9 :i* ! feature t gave special (f5se 0 ! gr\p ( ?ree pr9cesses1 ! ,pr9cess ,borghese1 ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 & ! ,pr9cess ,joseph ,bonap>te1 array$ 9 g>m5ts ( indec5t scant9ess1 & head+ ! procession z ! ?ree imp]ial ,graces4 ,! ,engli% c>icatures ( ?is p]iod relat+ to ! new ,emp]or & ,empress are z a rule n only libel\s1 b grossly co>se4 ,at ! same "t1 ! political conditions ( ! times are clev]ly hit (f 9 ,! ,plum ,pudd+ 9 ,dang]2 or1 ,/ate ,epicures ,tak+ on ,petit ,s\p]1 publi%$ ,febru>y #bf1 #ahje1 :i* depicts ! rival pret5sions ( ,napoleon & ,pitt4 ,!y are seat$ at opposite sides ( ! table1 ! only di% betwe5 !m be+ ! ,globe1 s]v$ up on a %all[ plate & resembl+ a plum pudd+4 ,napoleon's sword has slic$ (f ! cont95t--,france1 ,holl&1 ,spa91 ,italy1 ,prussia--& 8 =k is dug spitefully into ,hanov]1 :i* 0 !n an appanage ( ! ,briti% cr[n4 ,pitt's trid5t is /uck 9 ! ocean1 & 8 c>v] is mode/ly divid+ ! ,globe d[n ! middle4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahje ! ?ird coalition aga9/ ,france 0 complet$1 its *ief factors be+ ,great ,brita91 ,russia1 & ,au/ria4 ,a contempor>y pr9t entitl$ ,tom ,?umb at ,bay commemorates ! new armam5t4 ,napoleon1 dropp+ cr[n & scept] 9 8 flight1 is evad+ ! ,au/rian eagle1 ! ,russian be>1 & ! ,we/phalian pig1 only to run at la/ pell-mell into ! gap+ jaws ( ! ,briti% lion4 ,x is some:at curi\s t ! mom5t\s ev5ts ( ! new w>--! annihilation ( ! ,fr5* fleet at ,trafalg>1 ! equally decisive ,fr5* victory at ,au/]litz--7 sc>cely notic$ 9 c>icature1 & a few exceptions h little m]it4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 #ahjf1 :5 ,napoleon _h ent]$ ^u an epo* ( k+-mak+1 ) 8 k+s ( ,wurtemburg & ,bav>ia1 ,gillray produc$ "o ( 8 mo/ fam\s pr9ts4 ,x 0 publi%$ ! #bc;d ( ,janu>y 7! day t ,pitt brea!d 8 la/71 & 0 entitl$ ,tiddy-,doll1 ! ,great ,fr5* ,g+]bread ,bak]1 ,draw+ out a new ,bat* ( ,k+s1 ,8 ,man1 ',hopp+ ,talley1' ,mix+ up ! ,d\gh4 ,! great gilt g+]bread bak] is %[n at "w at 8 new ,fr5* ov5 = imp]ial g+]bread4 ,he is j draw+ f ! ov5's m\? a fre% bat* ( k+s4 ,! fuel is %[n 9 ! =m ( cannon-balls4 ,holl&1 ,switz]l&1 ,au/ria1 ,italy1 ,v5ice & ,spa9 are foll[+ ! fate ( ! ,fr5* ,republic4 ,on top ( ! *e/ ( draw]s1 label$ respectively k+s & que5s1 cr[ns & scept]s1 suns & moons is arrang$ a gay p>cel ( little d\gh vic]oys int5d$ = ! next bat*4 ,among !m are ! figures ( ,fox1 ,%]idan1 ,d]by1 & o!rs ( ! ,:ig p>ty 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fr5* ,g+]bread ,bak]4 ,9 ! compreh5sive & ill-assort$ ,coalition m9i/ry :i* 0 =m$ soon aft] ,pitt's dea?1 ! c>icaturi/s f\nd a cong5ial topic = _! p5cils4 ,!y ridicul$ x unm]cifully "u ! title ,all ! ,tal5ts1 & ! ,bo>d ,bottom$ m9i/ry4 ,a composite picture by ,r[l&son %[s ! m9i/ry z a spectacl$ ape 9 ! wig ( a le>n$ ju/ice1 ) episcopal mitre & ,ca?olic crozi]4 ,he we>s a lawy]'s coat & ragg$ bree*es1 ) a %oe on "o foot & a ,fr5* jack-boot on ! o!r4 ,he is danc+ on a fun]al pyre ( pap]s1 ! results ( ! adm9i/ration1 its endless negotiations ) ,france1 its s9ecures & patronages1 :i* are blaz+ away4 ,! creature's foot is dis*>g+ a gun1 :i* produces signal mis*ief 9 ! re> & br+s d[n two heavy folios1 ! ,magna ,*>ta & ! ,coronation ,oa?1 ^u its head4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,devil & ,napoleon4 ,f an anonym\s ,fr5* c>icature4 ,?is m9i/ry's futile negotiations = peace ) ,france are frequ5tly burlesqu$4 ,gillray publi%$ on ,april #e ,pacific ,ov]tures2 or1 a ,flight f ,/4 ,cl\d's 'ov] ! wat] to ,*>ley1' 9 :i* ! negotiations are describ$ z a new dramatic peace1 n[ rehe>s+4 ,9 ?is c>toon ,k+ ,george has left ! /ate box--:]e ! play-book ( ,i ,"k ,y ,all /ill rema9s op5--to approa* ne>] to little ,boney1 :o1 elevat$ on ! cl\ds1 is direct+ att5tion to 8 propos$ treaty4 ,t]ms ( ,peace3 ,ackn[l$ge me z ,emp]or2 dismantle y\r fleet1 r$uce y\r armies2 ab&on ,malta & ,gibralt>2 r5\nce all cont95tal connection2 y\r colonies ,i w take at a valuation2 engage to pay to ! ,great ,nation = sev5 ye>s annually "o million p\nds2 & place 9 my h&s z ho/ages ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte ( ,wales1 ) o!rs ( ! late adm9i/ration :om ,i %all "n4 ,k+ ,george replies3 ,v amus+ t]ms1 inde$1 & might d va/ly well ) "s ( ! new-made little g+]bread k+s2 b we are n 9 ! habit ( giv+ up ei!r %ips or comm]ce or colonies m]ely because little ,boney is 9 a pet to h !m4 ,?is c>toon introduces among o!rs ,talleyr&1 ,o',conor1 ,fox1 ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 ,"l ,moira1 ,"l ,laud]dale1 ,add+ton1 ,"l ,h5ry ,petty1 ,"l ,d]by1 & ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 on ,july #ba1 #ahjf1 ,r[l&son voices ! curr5t feel+ ( di/ru/ ( ,fox 9 ,exp]im5ts at ,dov]2 or1 ,ma/] ,*>ley's ,magic ,lant]n4 ,fox is depict$ at ,dov]1 tra9+ ! rays ( 8 magic lant]n on ! cliffs ( ,calais4 ,john ,bull1 wat*+ him1 is n satisfi$4 ,yes1 yes1 x be all v f9e1 if x be true2 b ,i c't =get t d--d ,omnium la/ week4444 ,i w tell !e :at1 ,*>ley1 s9ce !e ha/ become a great man1 ,i ?9k 9 my he>t !e bee/ always conjur+4 ,! c>toon entitl$ ,we/m9/] ,conscripts "u ! ,tra9+ ,act appe>$ ,septemb] #a1 #ahjf4 ,napoleon1 ! drill s]geant1 is elevat$ on a pile ( cannon-balls2 he is giv+ 8 au?oritative ord] to ,gr\nd arms4 ,! invalid$ ,fox has be5 :eel$ to ! gr\nd 9 8 arm*air2 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' plume appe>s on ! back ( 8 seat4 ,o!r figures 9 ! c>toon are ,"l ,laud]dale1 ,"l ,gr5ville1 ,"l ,h[ick1 ,"l ,holl&1 ,"l ,rob]t ,sp5c]1 ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 ! ,duke ( ,cl>5ce1 ,"l ,moira1 ,"l ,*ancellor ,ersk9e1 ,colonel ,hang]1 & ,talleyr&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,consultation4 ,f ! collection ( ,john ,leon>d ,dudley1 ,jr4 ,gillray has left a c>toon commemorat+ ! arrival ( ! ,dani% squadron1 "u ! title ( ,briti% ,t>s ,t[+ ! ,dani% ,fleet into ,h>bor2 ! ,broad ,bottom ,levia?an try+ to swamp ,billy's ,old ,boat2 & ! ,little ,corsican ,tott]+ on ! ,cl\ds ( ,ambition4 ,?is c>toon 0 issu$ ,octob] #a1 #ahjg4 ,lords ,liv]pool & ,ca/l]eagh are lu/ily r[+ ! ,billy ,pitt2 ,cann+1 seat$ 9 ! /]n1 is t[+ ! captur$ fleet into ,%e]ness1 ) ! ,union ,jack fly+ ov] ! =ts4 ,cop5hag51 smok+ f ! rec5t bomb>dm5t1 may be di/+ui%$ 9 ! di/ance4 ,9 ,%e]ness h>bor ! sign ( ,good ,old ,george is hung out at ,john ,bull's ,tav]n2 ,john ,bull is seat$ at ! door1 a pot ( port] 9 8 h&1 wav+ 8 hat & %\t+3 ,rule ,britannia6 ,britannia ,rules ! ,waves6 ,t ! exp$ition did n escape c5sure is %[n by ! figure ( a ?ree-head$ porpoise :i* is savagely assail+ ! successful crew4 ,?is mon/] be>s ! heads ( ,"l ,h[ick1 %\t+ ,detraction6 ,"l ,/4 ,v9c5t till$ ) ,envy1 & dis*>g+ a wat]y broadside2 & ,"l ,gr5ville1 :o is rais+ 8 ,opposition ,clamor to confuse _! c\rse4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,napoleon',s ,,wan+ ,,p[] ,no p]iod ( ! ,napoleonic w>s gave bett] opportunity = satire ?an ,napoleon's disa/r\s occupation ( ,spa9 & 8 invasion ( ,portugal4 ,! titles alone ( ! c>toons w\ld fill a volume4 ,! sangu9e hopes ( success *]i%$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t are express$ by ,gillray 9 a pr9t publi%$ ,april #aj1 #ahjh4 ,delici\s ,dreams6 ,ca/les 9 ! ,air6 ,glori\s ,prospects6 ,x depicts ! m9i/]s sunk5 9 a drunk5 sleep & visit$ by glori\s visions ( ,britannia & h] lion occupy+ a triumphal c> =m$ f ! hull ( a ,briti% %ip1 drawn by an ,iri% bull & l$ by an ,engli% t>4 ,%e is dragg+ captive to ! ,t[] little ,boney & ! ,russian ,be>1 bo? load$ ) *a9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,corsican ,top 9 ,full ,flight4 ,f a color$ /amp ( ! p]iod4 ,! dang]s :i* ?reat5$ ,napoleon at ?is p]iod 7 %[n by ,gillray 9 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( all 8 c>toons1 ! ,valley ( ! ,%ad[ ( ,dea?1 :i* 0 issu$ ,septemb] #bd1 #ahjh4 ,! valley is ! valley ( ,bunyan's allegory4 ,! ,emp]or is proce$+ timor\sly d[n a trea*]\s pa?1 b\nd$ on ei!r side by ! wat]s ( ,/yx & hemm$ 9 by a circle ( flame4 ,f e side horrors are spr++ up to assail him4 ,! ,briti% lion1 rag+ & furi\s1 is spr++ at 8 ?roat4 ,! ,portuguese wolf has brok5 8 *a94 ,k+ ,dea?1 m\nt$ on a mule ( ,true ,royal ,spani% ,bre$1 has cle>$ at a b\nd ! body ( ! ex-,k+ ,joseph1 :i* has be5 ?r[n into ! ,dit* ( ,/yx4 ,dea? is pois+ 8 spe> ) fatal aim1 w>n+ly hold+ up at ! same "t 8 h\r-glass ) ! s& exhau/$2 flames foll[ 9 8 c\rse4 ,f ! smoke rise ! figures ( ,junot & ,dupont1 ! beat5 g5]als4 ,! papal ti>a is desc5d+ z a ,roman meteor1 *>g$ ) lightn+s to bla/ ! ,corsican4 ,! ,turki% ,new ,moon is se5 ris+ 9 blood4 ,! ,_s ( ,*>les ,,xii4 rises f ! flames to av5ge ! wrongs ( ,sw$54 ,! ,imp]ial ,g]man ,eagle is em]g+ f a cl\d2 ! ,prussian bird appe>s z a sc>ecr[1 mak+ desp]ate ef=ts to fly & scream+ rev5ge4 ,f ! ,le!an ,dit* ! ,am]ican ,rattlesnake is ?ru/+ =? a poison$ tongue4 ,! ,dut* ,frogs are spitt+ out _! spite2 & ! ,rh5i% ,conf$]ation is p]sonifi$ z a h]d ( />v$ ,rats1 ready to fea/ on ! ,corsican4 ,! great ,russian ,be>1 ! only ally ,napoleon has secur$1 is %ak+ 8 *a9 & gr[l+--a =midable enemy 9 ! re>4 ,gillray's c>icature entitl$ ,john ,bull ,tak+ a ,lun*eon2 or1 ,briti% ,cooks ,cramm+ ,old ,grumble-,gizz>d ) ,bonne ,*]e1 %[s ! /range-appe>+ ,john ( ! c>icature ( t day sitt+ at a table1 ov]:elm$ by ! zeal\s att5tions ( 8 cooks1 =emo/ among :om is ! h]o ( ! ,nile1 :o is (f]+ him a ,fricassee a la ,nelson1 a l>ge di% ( batt]$ ,fr5* %ips ( ! l9e4 ,john is swall[+ a frigate at a m\?ful4 ,?r\gh ! w9d[ we see ,fox & ,%]idan1 repres5tative ( ! ,broad ,bottom adm9i/ration1 runn+ away 9 dismay at ,john ,bull's voracity4 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,%ad[ ( ,dea?4 ,f ,james ,gillray's c>icature4 ,z ,gillray retires f ! field sev]al o!r clev] arti/s /& ready to take 8 place1 & *ief among !m ,r[l&son4 ,! latt] _h a di/9ct advantage ov] ,gillray 9 8 sup]ior arti/ic tra9+4 ,he 0 educat$ 9 ! ,fr5* s*ools1 :]e he gave especial att5tion to /udies f ! nude4 ,9 ! op9ion ( su* capable judges z ,reynolds1 ,we/1 & ,lawr5ce1 8 gifts might h won him a high place among ,engli% arti/s1 if he _h n turn$1 ?r\gh %e] p]v]sity1 to satire & burlesque4 ,r[l&son's ,napoleonic c>toons began 9 ,july1 #ahjh4 ,^! initial ef=ts are nei!r especially *>act]i/ic nor especially clev]1 b !y c]ta9ly 7 duly appreciat$ by ! public4 ,joseph ,grego1 9 8 int]e/+ & compreh5sive "w ^u ,r[l&son1 says ( !m3 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,spid]'s ,web4 ,f a ,g]man c>icature commemorat+ ,g]man success 9 #ahad4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! c>icaturi/'s trave/ies ( ! little ,emp]or1 8 burlesques ( 8 great actions & gr&iose decl>ations1 8 figurative displays ( ! mean orig9 ( ! imp]ial family1 ) ! c[>dice & depravity ( its memb]s1 won popul> applause 444 ,& :5 disa/]s began to cl\d ! c>e] ( ,napoleon1 z army aft] army melt$ away1 444 ! arti/ b5t 8 skill to int]pret ! delight ( ! public4 ,! ,city compet$ ) ! ,we/ ,end 9 buy+ e c>icature1 9 loyal conte/ to prove _! national enmity = ,bonap>te4 ,9 too _m cases1 ! inc5tive 0 to gratify ! hatr$ ( ! ,corsican r ?an any rem>kable m]it t c\ld be discov]$ 9 ! c>icatures4 ,v few ( ^! mock-h]oic sallies impr9t !mselves ^u ! recollection by %e] =ce ( _! own brilliancy1 z 0 ! case ) ,gillray1 & frequ5tly ) ,john ,t5niel4 ,r[l&son & ,cruik%ank are risible1 b n inspir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,p>tition ( ! ,map4 ,f ! collection ( ,john ,leon>d ,dudley1 ,jr4 ,on ,july #h ,r[l&son began 8 s]ies ) ,! ,corsican ,tig] at ,bay4 ,napoleon is depict$ z a savage tig]1 r5d+ f\r ,royal ,greyh\nds1 q at 8 m]cy4 ,b a fre% pack appe>s 9 ! backgr\nd & prep>es = a fi]ce *>ge4 ,! ,russian be> & ,au/rian eagle are securely b\nd ) heavy fett]s1 b ! eagle is ask+3 ,n[1 ,bro!r ,bru91 is x "t to break our fett]s8 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,gr& ,army 9 a ,sad ,plight4 ,f a ,fr5* c>toon ( ! p]iod4 ,! ,bea/ z ,describ$ 9 ! ,revelations foll[$ )9 two weeks4 ,! bea/1 ( ,corsican orig91 is repres5t$ ) sev5 heads1 & ! names ( ,au/ria1 ,naples1 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 ,prussia1 & ,russia are inscrib$ on _! respective cr[ns4 ,napoleon's head1 sev]$ f ! trunk1 vomits =? flames4 ,9 ! di/ance1 cities are blaz+1 %[+ ! de/ruction wr\ght by ! bea/4 ,spa9 is repres5t$ z ! *ampion :o alone d>es to /& aga9/ ! mon/]4 ,! ,political ,but*] be>s date ,septemb] #ab ( ! same ye>4 ,9 ?is pr9t ! ,spani% ,don1 9 ! g>b ( a but*]1 is cutt+ up ,bonap>te = ! b5efit ( 8 neighbors4 ,! body ( ! late ,corsican lies be=e him & is be+ cut up ) pr(essional zeal4 ,! ,don holds up 8 enemy's he>t & calls ^u ! o!r ,p[]s to take _! %>e4 ,! d\ble-head$ eagle ( ,au/ria is swoop+ ^u ,napoleon's head3 ,i h long wi%$ to /rike my talons into t diabolical head-piece2 ! ,briti% bulldog has be5 enjoy+ portions ( ! jo9ts1 & ?9ks t he w\ld l to h ! pick+ ( t head4 ,! ,russian be> is luxuri\sly lick+ ,napoleon's boots1 & rem>ks1 ,?is lick+ is giv+ me a mortal incl9ation to pick a bone4 ,! f9al failure ( ! ,spani% campaign is signaliz$1 ,septemb] #bj1 9 a c>toon label$ ,napoleon ! ,little 9 a ,rage ) 8 ,great ,fr5* ,eagle4 ,! ,emp]or1 ) drawn sword & bri/l+ ) rage1 ?reat5s ! ,fr5* imp]ial eagle1 l>g] ?an himself4 ,! bird's head & "o leg are ti$ up--! result ( damage inflict$ by ! ,spani>ds4 ,confusion & de/ruction6 ?und]s ,napoleon1 :at is ?is ,i see8 ,did ,i n comm& y n to return until y _h spread y\r w+ ( victory ov] ! :ole ( ,spa98 ,aye1 x's f9e talk+1 rejo9s ! bird1 b if y _h be5 !re1 y w\ld n mu* h lik$ x4 ,! ,spani% cormorants pursu$ me 9 su* a mann] t !y set me molt+ 9 a t]rible way4 ,i wond] t ,i h n lo/ my fea!rs4 ,besides1 x got s hot ,i c\ld n be> x any long]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,signature ,symbol ( ,abdication4 ,f a c>icature 9 color by ,george ,cruik%ank4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahji1 ,r[l&son publi%$ ,! ,ris+ ,sun4 ,bonap>te is surr\nd$ by ! ,cont95tal p[]s1 & is busy rock+ to sleep 9 a cradle ! ,russian be>1 securely muzzl$ ) ,fr5* promises4 ,b ! dawn ( a new era is break+3 ! sun ( ,spa9 & ,portugal is ris+ ) ?reat5+ import4 ,! ,emp]or is di/urb$ by ! new light3 ,?is ris+ sun has set me ^u ?orns4 ,! ,prussian eagle is truss$2 ,d5m>k is snuff$ out4 ,b ,au/ria has once m tak5 he>t3 ,tyrant1 ,i defy !e & ?y curs$ crew6 ,! victories ( ! ,p59sul> w>1 & lat] ( ! disa/r\s ,russian campaign1 call$ =? an ev]-increas+ numb] ( c>toons1 :i* %[$ little m]cy or consid]ation to a fall5 foe4 ,a sample ( ! titles ( ?is p]iod %[ ! g5]al t5d5cy2 he is ! ,corsican ,bloodh\nd1 ! ,c>cass-,but*]2 he is a jail-bird do+ ! ,rogues' ,m>* to ! ,isl& ( ,elba4 ,an analysis ( a few ( ! m /rik+ c>toons w s]ve to close ! survey ( ! ,napoleonic p]iod4 ,dea? & ,bonap>te is a grewsome c>toon by ,r[l&son1 dat$ ,janu>y #a1 #ahad4 ,napoleon is seat$ on a drum ) 8 head clasp$ betwe5 8 h&s1 />+ into ! face ( a skeleton ,dea?1 :o is wat*+ ! baffl$ g5]al1 face to face4 ,dea? mock+ly p>odies ,napoleon's attitude4 ,a brok5 eagle1 ! imp]ial /&>d1 lies at 8 bony feet4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! ,russian1 ,prussian1 ,au/rian1 & o!r alli$ armies are /ream+ pa/ 9 unbrok5 ranks1 r\t+ ! dismay$ legions ( ,france4 ,bloody ,boney1 ! ,corsican ,but*]1 ,left (f ,trade & ,retir+ to ,sc>ecr[ ,isl& is ! title ( /ill ano!r ( ,r[l&son's *>act]i/ic c>toons4 ,9 x ,napoleon is repres5t$ z rid+ on a r\gh-coat$ donkey & we>+ a fool's cap 9 place ( a cr[n4 ,8 only provision is a bag ( br[n bread4 ,8 consort is rid+ on ! same bea/1 :i* is be+ unm]cifully flogg$ ) a /ick label$ ,baton ,m>e*al4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ov5 ( ! ,allies4 ,f an anonym\s ,fr5* c>toon4 ,napoleon's escape f ,elba 0 commemorat$ by ,r[l&son 9 ,! ,flight ( ,bonap>te f ,hell ,bay4 ,9 x ! f\l fi5d is amus+ himself by lett+ 8 captive loose1 to "w fre% mis*ief 9 ! _w above4 ,he has m\nt$ ! ,corsican ^u a bubble & s5ds him c>e]+ upw>d back to e>?1 :ile hiss+ dragons p\r =? furi\s bla/s to waft ! bubble onw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,new ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,f a ,g]man c>icature4 ,hell ,h\nds ,rally+ ar\nd ! ,idol ( ,france is ! title ( /ill ano!r ( ,r[l&son's designs1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,april1 #ahae4 ,! head & bu/ ( ! ,emp]or drawn on a colossal scale1 a hangman's noose ar\nd 8 ?roat1 is m\nt$ on a va/ pyramid ( human heads1 8 decapitat$ victims4 ,demons are fly+ ?r\gh ! air to place ^u 8 br[ a cr[n ( blaz+ pit*1 :ile a r+ ( o!r excit$ fi5ds1 ^: features repres5t ,m>e*al ,ney1 ,lefebre1 ,dav\/ & o!rs1 ) horns1 ho(s1 & tails1 are danc+ 9 triumph ar\nd ! idol !y h replac$4 ,closely resembl+ ?is c>toon ( ,r[l&son is ! ,g]man c>toon1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 ^! pages1 %[+ a d\ble-fac$ ,napoleon topp+ a monum5t built ( skulls4 ,r[l&son's ,hell ,h\nds ,rally+ ar\nd ! ,idol ( ,france 0 ! la/ ,engli% c>toon direct$ aga9/ ,napoleon :5 he 0 at ! head ( ,france4 ,two mon?s lat] ! ,emp]or's p[] 0 f9ally brok5 at ,wat]loo4 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon cag$ by ! ,allies4 ,f a ,fr5* c>toon ( ! p]iod4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,f ,,wat]loo ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,crimean ,,w> ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,aft] ,,! ,,d[nfall ,illu/ration3 ,re/itution3 ,or1 to ,ea* 8 ,%>e4 ,f a color$ /amp ( ! p]iod4 ,) ! d[nfall ( ,napoleon ! ,gillray s*ool ( c>icature came to an abrupt & v natural close4 ,x 0 a s*ool born ( fe> & nurtur$ ^u rancor--a s*ool t indulg$ freely 9 obsc5ity & sacrilege1 & did n hesitate to /oop to kick ! fall5 h]o1 to heap insult & ignom9y ^u ,napoleon 9 8 exile4 ,only dur+ a great _w crisis1 a dea? /ruggle ( nations1 c\ld popul> op9ion h tol]at$ su* wanton disreg>d = dec5cy4 ,& :5 ! crisis 0 pass$ x came to an end l "s malignant gr[?1 /rangl$ by its own virul5ce4 ,! tru? is t ,gillray & ,r[l&son l$ c>icature into an impasse2 !y delib]ately p]v]t$ its true function1 :i* is1 to advance an argum5t ) ! cog5t =ce ( a clev] orator1 to sum up a political issue 9 t]ms s simple t a *ild may read1 & n m]ely to e*o back ! blatant rancor ( ! mob4 ,9 ! h&s ( a ma/] ( ! art x becomes an incisive weapon1 l ! blade ) :i* ! matador gives 8 c\p-de-grace4 ,gillray's conception ( its (fice seems to h be5 t ( ! r$ rag to be flapp$ taunt+ly 9 ! face ( ,john ,bull2 & ,john ,bull ob$i5tly bell[$ 9 response4 ,x w\ld be idle to d5y t = ! purpose ( spurr+ on public op9ion1 ! ,napoleonic c>toons ex]cis$ a pot5t influ5ce4 ,!y kept popul> excitem5t at fev] heat2 !y add$ fuel to ! g5]al hatr$4 ,b :5 ! crisis 0 pass$1 :5 ! public pulse 0 beat+ normally once m1 :5 virul5t attacks ^u a helpless exile _h ceas$ to seem amus+1 !re really rema9$ no mat]ial ^u :i* c>icature ( ! ,gillray type c\ld ex]cise its (f5sive +5uity4 ,:at seem$ ju/ifiable lic5se :5 direct$ aga9/ ! ar*-enemy ( ,european peace w\ld h be5 insuff]able :5 appli$ to ,briti% /atesm5 & to ! mild] problems ( local political issues4 ,ano!r & q practical reason helps to expla9 ! de>? ( political c>icature 9 ,engl& = a full g5]ation aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo1 & t is ! "q ( exp5se4 ,a public :i* freely gave %ill+s & ev5 p\nds to see its hatr$ ( ,little ,boney int]pret$ ) ,gillray's v9dictive malice hesitat$ to exp5d ev5 p5nies = a c>toon on ! corn laws or ! late/ m9i/]ial *anges4 ,9 ,engl&1 z well z on ! ,cont95t1 c>icature z an effective factor 9 politics rema9$ 9 abeyance until ! adv5t ( an ess5tially mod]n type ( p]iodical1 ! comic weekly1 ( :i* ,la ,c>icature1 ! ,london ,pun*1 ! ,flieg5de ,blaett]1 & 9 ?is c\ntry ,puck & ,judge1 are ! mo/ fam\s examples4 ,! progress ( li?ography made su* a p]iodical possible 9 ,france z e>ly z #ahcj1 :5 ,la ,c>icature 0 f\nd$ by ! fam\s ,philipon2 b ! oppressive laws ( c5sor%ip ?r\gh\t ,europe prev5t$ any wide developm5t ( ?is class ( j\rnalism until aft] ! g5]al political upheaval ( #ahdh4 ,illu/ration3 ,adju/+ ! ,balance ( ,p[] aft] ,napoleon4 ,x w\ld be idle1 h[ev]1 to d5y t ,gillray ex]t$ a la/+ influ5ce ^u all future c>icature4 ,8 lic5se1 8 vulg>ity1 8 repulsive p]v]sion ( ! human face & =m1 h f\nd no disciples 9 lat] g5]ations2 b 8 effective assemblage ( _m figures1 ! cr[d$ significance ( m9or details1 ! dramatic unity ( ! :ole conception :i* he inh]it$ f ,hog>?1 h be5 pass$ on d[n ! l9e & /ill cont9ue to influ5ce ! lead+ c>tooni/s ( to-day 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 al?\gh to a mu* less degree 9 ,france4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( ,napoleon's d[nfall ! few c>toons :i* appe>$ 9 ,p>is 7 f> less extreme ?an _! ,engli% models1 :ile ! ,g]man c>icaturi/s1 on ! contr>y1 7 extremely virul5t1 notably ! ,b]l9]1 ,s*ad[1 :o op5ly ackn[l$g$ 8 indebt$ness to ! ,engli%man by sign+ himself ! ,p>isian ,gillray2 & ,volz1 au?or ( ! fam\s true portrait ( ,napoleon--a portrait 9 :i* ,napoleon's face1 ^u clos] inspection1 is se5 made up ( a head ( inextricably tangl$ dead bodies1 8 head surm\nt$ by a bird ( prey1 8 brea/ a map ( ,europe ov]spread by a va/ spid] web1 9 :i* ! diff]5t national capitals are entangl$ l s _m luckless flies4 ,_h !re be5 m lib]ty ( ! press1 an int]e/+ s*ool ( political c>tooni/s might h aris5 at ?is "t 9 ,g]many4 ,b !y met ) su* scanty enc\ragem5t t little ( real int]e/ is to be glean$ f ?is s\rce until aft] ! adv5t ( ! ,b]l9 ,kladd]adats* 9 #ahdh1 & ! ,flieg5de ,blaett]1 b a %ort "t e>li]4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,bull mak+ a new ,bat* ( ,%ips to s5d to ! ,lakes4 ,?is c>toon by ,william ,*>les1 a ,scot*man :o 0 =c$ to leave ,great ,brita91 & :o came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & wield$ 8 p5cil aga9/ 8 r5\nc$ c\ntry1 is 9 _m ways an imitator ( ,gillray's fam\s ,tiddy ,d1 ! ,great ,fr5* ,g+]bread-,bak]1 mak+ a new ,bat* ( ,k+s4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,russia z ,m$iator betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita94 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cossack ,bite4 ,an am]ican c>toon ( ! w> ( #ahab4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,bull & ! ,alex&rians4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,bull's ,tr\bles4 ,a c>icature ( ! w> ( #ahab4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,poire ,?r\gh\t ! ,napoleonic p]iod ,engl& practically _h a monopoly 9 c>icature4 ,dur+ ! second p]iod1 d[n to ! ye> #ahdh1 ,france is ! c5t] ( int]e/4 ,prior to #ahcj1 ,fr5* political c>toons 7 nei!r num]\s nor especially significant4 ,inde$ !y pres5t a simplicity ( imag9ation r amus+ z comp>$ ) ! complicat$ ,engli% c>icatures4 ,a hate ( ! ,jesuits1 a m+l+ ( lib]alism1 t\*$ ) ,bonap>tism1 & ! w> ( newspap]s furni%$ ! !me4 ,! two symbols con/antly recurr+ are ! gir\ette1 or wea!r-cock1 & ! eteignoir1 or ext+ui%]4 ,_m ( ! ,fr5* /atesm5 :o play$ a prom95t "p dur+ ! ,fr5* ,empire & aft] ! ,re/oration *ang$ _! political cre$ ) su* surpris+ rapidity t x 0 difficult to keep track ( _! *anges4 ,!y 7 accord+ly symboliz$ by a numb] ( wea!rcocks proportion$ to ! numb] ( _! political conv]sions1 ,talleyr& lead+ ! procession1 ) n less ?an sev5 to 8 cr$it4 ,! eteignoir 0 con/antly us$ 9 satire direct$ aga9/ ! prie/hood1 ! mo/ fam\s in/ance appe>+ 9 ! ,m9]va 9 #ahai4 ,x took = ! text a refra9 f a song ( ,b]ang]4 ,9 ?is c>toon ! ,*ur* is p]sonifi$ by ! figure ( ! ,pope hold+ 9 "o h& a sabre1 &1 9 ! o!r1 a pap] ) ! words ,bulls1 crusades1 ,sicilian vesp]s1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,beside ! figure ( ! ,*ur*1 tor* 9 h&1 is ! demon ( discord4 ,f ! smoke ( ! tor* ( ! demon v>i\s horrors are escap+4 ,we read ! re/oration ( feudal rights1 feudal privileges1 division ( families4 ,monks are try+ to snuff out ! memory ( ,f5elon1 ,buffon1 ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1 ,montaigne1 & o!r philosoph]s & ?9k]s4 ,= t5 ye>s ! c>icaturi/s play$ ) ?is !me4 ,a feeble =]unn] ( ,la ,c>icature1 entitl$ ,le ,na9 ,jaune1 dep5d$ l>gely = its wit ^u ! v>iations x c\ld improvise ^u ! gir\ette & ^u ! eteignoir4 ,yet x w\ld be a mi/ake to suppose t ,fr5* art 0 q de/itute ( humori/s at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 ,m4 ,arm& ,dayot1 9 a monograph ^u ,fr5* c>icature1 m5tions among o!rs ! names ( ,isabey1 ,boilly1 & ,c>le ,v]net z rival+ ! ,engli% c>tooni/s 9 ! +5uity ( _! designs1 & surpass+ !m 9 arti/ic f9i% & h>mony ( color4 ,b1 he adds1 !y 7 nev] able to g bel[ ! surface 9 _! satire4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to enroll 9 ! hirsute cohort ( c>icaturi/s ^! witty & *>m+ arti/s1 :o 7 m conc]n$ 9 depict+ ! pleasures ( mundane life ?an 9 ca/igat+ its vices & irregul>ities4 ,! #d? ( ,novemb]1 #ahcj1 is a mom5t\s date 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* c>icature4 ,prior to t "t1 ,fr5* c>toons1 su* z !re 71 7 /udi\sly1 ev5 pa9fully1 imp]sonal4 ,?ack]ay1 9 8 delightful essay ^u ,c>icatures & ,li?ography1 9 ! ,p>is ,sket* ,book1 describes ! conditions ( ?is p]iod ) ! foll[+ :imsical allegory3 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ord] ( ! ,ext+ui%]s4 ,a typical ,fr5* c>toon ( ! ,re/oration4 ,z = poor c>icature & fre$om ( ! press1 !y1 l ! rightful pr9cess 9 a fairy tale1 ) ! m]ry fanta/ic dw>f1 h] att5dant1 7 entirely 9 ! p[] ( ! giant :o rules ! l&4 ,! ,pr9cess1 ! press1 0 s closely wat*$ & gu>d$ 7) "s little %[1 nev]!less1 ( respect = h] rank7 t %e d>$ n utt] a ^w ( h] own ?\ghts2 &1 z = poor ,c>icature1 he 0 gagg$ & put out ( ! way altoge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr\dhon4 ,illu/ration3 ,digg+ ! ,grave4 ,on ?is fam\s #d? ( ,novemb]1 h[ev]1 !re appe>$ ! initial numb] ( ,philipon's ,la ,c>icature1 :i* 0 de/9$ to u%] 9 a new era ( comic art1 & :i* prov$ ! mo/ efficaci\s weapon :i* ! ,republicans f\nd to use aga9/ ,l\is ,philippe--a weapon z r$\btable z ,la ,lant]ne ( ,h5ri ,ro*e=t became "u ! ,second ,empire4 ,l sev]al ( 8 mo/ fam\s collaborators1 ,*>les ,philipon 0 a ,m]idional4 ,he 0 born 9 ,lyons at ! op5+ ( ! c5tury4 ,he /udi$ art 9 ! ateli] ( ,gros4 ,he m>ri$ into ! family ( an em95t publi%] ( pr9ts1 ,m4 ,aub]t1 & 0 himself successively ! editor ( ! ?ree mo/ fam\s comic pap]s t ,france has _h1 ,la ,c>icature1 ,*>iv>i1 & ! ,j\rnal p\r ,rire4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 a weekly pap]4 ,! ,*>iv>i appe>$ daily1 & at fir/ its c>toons 7 almo/ exclusively political4 ,philipon _h ga!r$ ar\nd him a gr\p ( arti/s1 m5 l ,daumi]1 ,gav>ni1 ,h5ry ,monni]1 & ,travies1 ^: names aft]w>d became fam\s1 & !y unit$ 9 a v]itable crusade ( m]ciless ridicule aga9/ ! k+1 8 family1 & 8 support]s4 ,_! satire took ! =m ( bitt] p]sonal attacks1 & a v curi\s conte/ ensu$ betwe5 ! gov]nm5t & ! editorial /aff ( ! ,*>iv>i4 ,z ,?ack]ay sums x up1 x 0 a /ruggle betwe5 half a doz5 poor arti/s on ! "o side & ,8 ,maje/y ,l\is ,philippe1 8 augu/ family1 & ! numb]less placem5 & support]s ( ! mon>*y on ! o!r2 x 0 some?+ l ,!rsites gird+ at ,ajax4 ,"t aft] "t 7 ,philipon & 8 dauntless aids arre/$4 ,m ?an a doz5 times !y lo/ _! cause be=e a jury1 yet ea* defeat 0 equival5t to a victory1 br++ !m new sympa?y1 & ea* "t !y return$ to ! attack ) c>toons :i*1 if m cov]t 9 _! mean+1 7 ev5 m (f5sive4 ,p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( all ! c>toons :i* orig9at$ 9 ,philipon's f]tile bra9 is t ( ! ,pe>1 :i* did s mu* to turn ! c\nt5ance ( ,l\is ,philippe to ridicule--a ridicule :i* did m ?an any?+ else to cause him to be driv5 f ! ,fr5* ?rone4 ,! ,pe> 0 reproduc$ 9 v>i\s =ms 9 ,la ,c>icature1 & aft]w>d 9 ,le ,*>iv>i4 ,by inf]ior arti/s ! ,pe> 0 *alk$ up on walls all ov] ,p>is4 ,! mo/ politically important ( ! ,poire s]ies 0 produc$ :5 ,philipon 0 oblig$ to appe> be=e a jury to answ] = ! crime ( provok+ contempt aga9/ ! ,k+'s p]son by giv+ su* a ludicr\s v]sion ( 8 face4 ,9 8 own def5se ,philipon took up a %eet ( pap] & drew a l>ge ,burgundy pe>1 9 ! l[] p>ts r\nd & capaci\s1 n>r[] ne> ! /alk1 & cr[n$ ) two or ?ree c>eless leaves4 ,is !re any treason 9 t8 he ask$ ! jury4 ,!n he drew a second pe> l ! fir/1 except t "o or two l9es 7 scrawl$ 9 ! mid/ ( x1 :i* bore someh[ an odd resemblance to ! features ( a celebrat$ p]sonage2 &1 la/ly1 he produc$ ! exact portrait ( ,l\is ,philippe2 ! well-kn[n t\pet1 ! ample :isk]s--no?+ 0 ext5uat$ or set d[n malici\sly4 ,g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 said ,philipon1 c ,i help x if ,8 ,maje/y's face is l a pe>8 ,?ack]ay1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is amus+ trial1 makes ! curi\s error ( suppos+ t ,philipon's naive def5se c>ri$ conviction ) ! jury4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,philipon 0 condemn$ & f9$1 & imm$iately took v5geance ^u ! judge & jury by arrang+ _! portraits ^u ! front page ( ,*>iv>i 9 ! =m ( a ,pe>4 ,9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways 8 arti/s rang ! *anges ^u ! pe>1 & ea* new attack 0 ! =]unn] ( a new arre/ & trial4 ,"o day ,la ,c>icature publi%$ a design repres5t+ a gigantic pe> surm\nt+ ! p$e/al 9 ! ,place de la ,concorde1 & be>+ ! leg5d1 ,le monum5t expia-poire4 ,?is regicidal pleasantry br\ght ,philipon once m into c\rt4 ,! prosecution sees 9 ?is a provocation to murd]6 cri$ ! accus$4 ,x w\ld be at mo/ a provocation to make m>malade4 ,f9ally1 aft] a picture ( a monkey /eal+ a pe> prov$ to be an indictable (f5se1 ! subject 0 ab&on$ z be+ altoge!r too exp5sive a luxury4 ,illu/ration3 ,facsimile ( ! ,fam\s ,def5se pres5t$ by ,philipon :5 on ,trial = ,libel+ ! ,k+4 ,is x my fault1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 if 8 ,maje/y's face looks l a pe>8 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,bait+ ,,( ,,l\is ,,philippe ,illu/ration3 ,! ,pi\s ,mon>*4 ,c>icature ( ,*>les ,x4 ,b al?\gh ! ,pe> 0 =c$ to disappe>1 ,philipon cont9u$ to h>ass ! gov]nm5t1 until ,l\is ,philippe1 :o _h ga9$ 8 cr[n l>gely by 8 *ampion%ip ( ! fre$om ( ! press1 0 driv5 9 desp]ation to sanction ! fam\s ,septemb] laws1 :i* virtually /rangl$ its lib]ty4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ! ob/acles ?r[n 9 _! way1 ! "w ( ,philipon & ( ! rem>kable corps ( satirical g5iuses :i* he ga!r$ r\nd him1 =ms a pictorial record 9 :i* ! intimate hi/ory ( ,france1 f ,*>les ,x4's fam\s c\p d'etat d[n to ! revolution ( #ahdh1 may be read l an op5 book4 ,! adv]s>ies ( ! gov]nm5t ( #ahcj 7 ( two k9ds4 ,"o k9d1 ( :i* ,admiral ,c>rel 0 a type1 resort$ to passionate argum5t1 to indignant eloqu5ce4 ,! o!r k9d resort$ to ! me?ods ( ! ,fronde2 !y made w> by p9-pricks1 by bur/s ( laught]1 ) all ! res\rces ( ,fr5* gayety & wit4 ,9 ?is me?od ! lead+ _s 0 ,philipon1 :o und]/ood cle>ly ! p[] t w\ld result f ! close/ alliance betwe5 la presse et l'image4 ,ev5 be=e ,la ,c>icature 0 f\nd$ ! features ( ! la/ ( ! ,b\rbons became a famili> subject 9 c>toons4 ,inv>iably ! same features are emphasiz$2 a tall1 lank figure1 frequ5tly contort$ l ! india-rubb] man ( ! dime museums2 a n>r[1 vacu\s c\nt5ance1 a high1 rec$+ =ehead1 ov] :i* sp>se locks ( hair are /raggl+2 a sali5t jaw1 ! lips drawn back 9 a mir?less gr91 reveal+ huge1 unga9ly tee?1 project+ l ! incisors ( a horse4 ,9 "o memorable c>toon he is exp5d+ ! full cru%+ p[] ( ^! tee? ^u ! fam\s *>t] ( #ahcj1 b is f9d+ x a nut q too h>d to crack4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>les ,x4 ,9 ! ,role ( ! ,great ,nutcrack]4 ,9 ?is c>icature ,*>les ,x4 is attempt+ to break ) 8 tee? a billi>d ball on :i* is writt5 ! ^w ,*>t]4 ,! c>toon is entitl$ ,! ,great ,nutcrack] ( ,july #be?1 or ! ,impot5t ,horse-jaw 7gana*e7--a play ^u words4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ,la ,c>icature assum$ an attitude ( ho/ile suspicion t[>d ,l\is ,philippe1 ! pret5d$ *ampion ( ! b\rgeoisie1 ^: v5e] ( exp$i5t republicanism nev] w5t deep] ?an to s5d 8 *ildr5 to ! public s*ools1 & to exhibit himself p>ad+ ! /reets ( ,p>is1 umbrella 9 h&4 ,two c>toons :i* appe>$ 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 reign1 & are label$ respectively ,ne v\s y frottez pas & ,il va bon tra91 le ,m9i/]e6 admirably illu/rate ! public lack ( confid5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 an eloqu5t li?ograph by ,daumi]1 repres5ts a p[]fully built & resolute "y j\rneyman pr9t] /&+ ) h&s cl9*$1 ready to def5d ! lib]ty ( ! press4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are two gr\ps4 ,9 ! "o ,*>les ,x41 already wor/$ 9 an enc\nt]1 lies prone ^u ! e>?2 9 ! o!r ,l\is ,philippe1 wav+ 8 ubiquit\s umbrella1 is ) difficulty re/ra9$ f assum+ ! aggressive4 ,! second ( ^! c>toons is m sweep+ 9 its indictm5t4 ,x repres5ts ! sov]eign & 8 m9i/]s 9 _! *>iot ( /ate1 "o & all la%+ ! horses into a mad gallop t[>d a bottomless abyss4 ,g5]al ,s\lt1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 is fl\ri%+ & snapp+ a milit>y flag1 9 place ( a :ip4 ,at ! back ( ! *>iot a ,jesuit has succe$$ 9 secur+ foo?old ^u ! baggage1 & is add+ 8 voice to ha/5 ! =w>d m>*1 all symbolic ( ! viol5t mom5tum ( ! reaction>y movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe at ! ,fun]al ( ,lafayette4 ,enfonce ,lafayette6444 ,attrape1 mon vieux6 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,%ip ( ,/ate 9 ,p]il--,its ,sailors "k n to :at ,sa9ts to comm5d ,!mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,p ?r[n into ! ,pit held by ! ,mon/]s ( ,v>i\s ,taxes4 ,illu/ration3 ,once m1 ,madame1 d y wi% divorce1 or d y n wi% divorce8 ,y are p]fectly free to *oose8 ,x 0 n likely t ! "p :i* ,l\is ,philippe play$ 9 ! revolution ( #aghi1 8 %>e 9 ! republican victories ( ,jemappes & ( ,valmy1 w\ld be =gott5 by ^? :o saw 9 him only a pseudo-republican1 a citiz5 k+ 9 "n only1 & :o seiz$ eag]ly ^u ! opportunity ( mock+ at 8 y\?ful esp\sal ( republicanism4 ,! names ( ^! battles recur aga9 & aga9 9 ! c>icature ( ! p]iod1 9 ! leg5ds1 9 maps conspicu\sly hung ^u ! walls ( ! backgr\nd4 ,an anonym\s cut repres5ts ! public gaz+ eag]ly into a magic lant]n1 ! old ,poire (ficiat+ z %[man3 ,y h be=e y ! conqu]or ( ,jemappes & ( ,valmy4 ,y see him surr\nd$ by 8 nobles1 8 g5]als1 & 8 family1 all ready to die 9 8 def5se4 ,see h[ ! jolly rascals fight4 ,!y are n ! ones to be driv5 9 disgrace f _! k+dom4 ,oh1 no6 ,( all ! c>toons t\*+ ^u ,l\is ,philippe's ins9c]ity1 probably ! mo/ fam\s is t ( ,daumi] commemorat+ ! dea? ( ,lafayette4 ,! p]si/5t popul>ity ( ?is vet]an /atesman _h /eadily become m & m emb>rass+ to a gov]nm5t ^: reaction>y doctr9es he repudiat$1 & ^: political corruption he despis$4 ,enfonce ,lafayette6444 ,attrape1 mon vieux6 is ! leg5d inscrib$ b5ea? :at is unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all ! c>icatures ( ,honore ,daumi]4 ,x repres5ts ,l\is ,philippe wat*+ ! fun]al cortege ( ,lafayette1 8 h&s rais$ to 8 face 9 ! pret5se ( grief1 b ! face beh9d di/ort$ into a hide\s le] ( gratification4 ,m4 ,ars5e ,alex&re1 9 8 rem>kable "w on ,daumi]1 describes ?is spl5did draw+ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,"u a grey sky1 aga9/ ! somb] & brok5 backgr\nd ( a cemet]y1 rises on a little hillock ! fat & black figure ( an und]tak]'s man4 ,bel[ him on a w9d+ road is proce$+ a long fun]al procession4 ,x is ! cr[d t has ?rong$ to ! obsequies ( ! illu/ri\s patriot4 ,?r\gh ! leafage ( ! weep+ will[s may be se5 ! :ite tomb/ones4 ,! :ole sc5e be>s ! m>k ( a pr(\nd sadness1 9 :i* ! pr9cipal figure seems to jo91 if "o is to judge by 8 sorr[ful attitude & 8 clasp$ h&s4 ,b look clos]4 ,if ?is und]tak]'s man1 ) ! features ( ,l\is ,philippe1 is clasp+ 8 h&s1 x is simply to rub !m toge!r ) joy2 & ?r\gh 8 f+]s1 half hid+ 8 c\nt5ance1 "o may detect a sly gr94 ,! obsequi\s attitude ( ! memb]s ( ,p>liam5t came 9 = its %>e ( satirical abuse4 ,?is is n a ,*amb]1 x is a ,k5nel1 is ! title ( a spirit$ li?ograph by ,gr&ville1 repres5t+ ! ,fr5* /atesm5 z a pack ( h\nds fawn+ b5ea? ! la% ( _! imp]i\s keep]1 ,casimir ,p]i]4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic c>toon ( ,gr&ville's repres5ts ! legislature z an ,inf]nal laboratory = extract+ ! qu9tess5ce ( politics--a composition :i*1 9 its cr[d$ detail1 its grim & uncanny sugge/iv5ess1 & above all its biz>re di/ortions ( ! human face & =m1 %[s m pla9ly ?an ! "w ( any o!r ,fr5* c>icaturi/ ! influ5ce ( ,gillray4 ,a collection ( gr9n+ skulls are label$ ,analysis ( ,human ,?\ght2 /ate docum5ts ( ,l\is ,philippe are be+ cut & weigh$ & triturat$1 :ile 9 ! =egr\nd a legislator ) di/5d$ *eeks is wa/+ an inf9ite lot ( brea? ^u a bl[pipe 9 8 ef=t to di/ill ! mu*-s\ght-= qu9tess5ce f a retort fill$ ) fragm5ts ( ! words ,bonap>tism1 an>*y1 equality1 republic1 etc4 ,"o ( ! palpable results ( ! political qu9tess5ce ( ,l\is ,philippe's gov]nm5t took ! =m ( heavy impo/s1 & ^! also af=d$ a subject = ,gr&ville's graphic p5cil4 ,! ,public ,?r[n to ! ,impo/s 9 ! ,great ,pit ( ! ,budget fir/ appe>$ 9 ,la ,c>icature4 ,x repres5t$ ! v>i\s taxes "u :i* ,france 0 suff]+ 9 ! guise ( /range & une>?ly animals congregat$ 9 a sort ( be> pit1 some:at simil> to ! "o :i* attracts ! att5tion ( all visitors to ! city ( ,b]ne4 ,! spectacle is "o giv5 by ! gov]nm5t 9 p[] = ! amusem5t ( all ^? connect$ 9 any way ) public (fice3 9 o!r words1 ! sal>i$ (ficials :o draw _! livelihood f ! taxes impos$ ^u ! p4 ,x is = _! ent]ta9m5t t ! tax-pay+ public is be+ hurl$ to ! mon/]s bel[--mon/]s m unc\? & fanta/ic ?an ev5 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells's f]tile bra9 conceiv$ 9 8 ,w> ( ! ,worlds1 or ,fir/ ,m5 9 ! ,moon4 ,daumi] 9 8 turn _h to h 8 fl+ at ! m9i/]ial b5*es ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,july--! pro/itut$ ,*amb] ( #ahcd4 ,at ! pres5t day1 :5 ! v names ( ! m5 :om he attack$ are half =gott51 8 fam\s c>toon1 ,le ,v5tre ,legislatif1 is /ill int]e/+2 yet x is impossible to realize ! impression x mu/ h made 9 ! days :5 e "o ( ^? v5trig\lus1 ^? rotund1 somnol5t1 inanely smil+ old m51 ) ! ^w b\rgeoisie pla9ly writt5 all ov] !m1 7 famili> figures 9 ! political _w1 & ,daumi]'s pres5tm5t ( !m1 "o & all1 a ma/]ly indictm5t ( complac5t incapacity4 ,z betwe5 ,daumi] & ,gr&ville1 ! two lead+ lights ( ,la ,c>icature1 !re is little "q t ! =m] 0 ! great]4 ,balzac1 :o 0 at "o "t "o ( ! editors ( ,la ,c>icature1 writ+ "u pseudonym ( ,comte ,alex&re de ,b41 & 0 ! s\rce ( inspiration ( "o ( its lead+ features1 ! curi\s ,etudes de ,g5re1 once said ( ,daumi]3 ,ce gaill>d-la1 mes enfants1 a du ,mi*el-,ange s\s la peau4 ,balzac took ,daumi] "u 8 protection f ! beg9n+4 ,8 fir/ c\nsel to him 03 ,if y wi% to become a great arti/1 faites des dettes6 ,gr&ville has be5 def9$ by lat] ,fr5* critics z un nevrose1 a bitt] & pessimi/ic s\l4 ,x 0 he :o produc$ ! cruele/ compositions t ev] appe>$ 9 ,la ,c>icature4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 "s admirable pages to 8 cr$it1 among o!rs 8 int]pretation ( ,seba/ian's fam\s ,l',ordre regne a ,v>sovie4 ,fe>fully s9i/] is ! field ( c>nage1 ) ! ,cossack1 ) bloody pique1 m\nt+ gu>d1 smok+ 8 pipe tranquilly1 on 8 face ! horrible expression ( satisfaction ov] a "w well done4 ,gr&ville also conceiv$ ! idea1 wor?y ( a great c>tooni/1 ( ,processions & ,corteges4 ,^! enabl$ him to h pass be=e ! eye1 "u co/umes1 ea* convey+ "s subtle irony or allusion1 all ! political m5 9 favor4 ,e occasion 0 good4 ,a religi\s procession1 & ! m5 ( ! day appe>$ z *oir boys1 z acolytes1 etc4 ,un vote de budget1 & !n x 0 une m>*e de boeuf gras1 ) savages1 muskete]s1 cl[ns =m+ ! escort ( ,m4 ,gros1 gras et bete4 ,x is easy to guess :o 0 ! p]sonage s designat$4 ,no?+ is m amus+ ?an ^! pages1 full ( a v]ve1 s\t5ue de p9ce sans rire4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,resuscitation ( ! ,fr5* ,c5sor%ip4 ,by ,gr&ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe z ,bluebe>d4 ,si/] ,press1 d y see any?+8 ,no?+1 b ! ,july sun beat+ on ! du/y road4 ,si/] ,press1 d y see any?+8 ,two ,cavali]s1 urg+ _! horses across ! pla91 & be>+ a bann]4 ,x is "o ( ! _m little ironies ( ,l\is ,philippe's reign t1 aft] hav+ ow$ 8 election to 8 suppos$ advocacy ( fre$om ( ! press1 he %\ld 9 less ?an two ye>s take vigor\s measures to /ifle x4 ,"s ( ! be/ kn[n c>toons t appe>$ 9 ,la ,c>icature deal ) ?is v subject4 ,"o ( ^!1 :i* be>s ! signature ( ,gr&ville & is m>k$ by all ! v9dictive bitt]ness ( :i* t arti/ 0 ! ma/]1 repres5ts ,l\is ,philippe 9 ! role ( ,bluebe>d1 :o1 dagg] 9 h&1 is ab\t to slay 8 late/ wife4 ,! wife1 ! ,con/itution1 lies pro/rate1 h\nd ) ?ongs4 ,! corpses ( ?is political ,bluebe>d's o!r victims may be se5 ?r\gh ! op5 door ( ! secret *amb]4 ,lean+ ov] ! balcony & scann+ ! horizon is ! figure ( ,si/] ,anne1 9 ?is case symbolic ( ! ,press4 ,! un=tunate ,con/itution1 feel+ t h] la/ m9ute has come1 calls out3 ,si/] ,press1 d y see no?+ com+8 ,! ,press replies3 ,i see only ! sun ( ,july beat+ d[n1 p[d]+ ! du/y road & p>*+ ! gre5 fields4 ,aga9 ! ,con/itution cries3 ,si/] ,press1 d y see no?+ com+8 ,& ?is "t ! ,press calls back3 ,i see two cavali]s urg+ _! horses across ! pla9 & c>ry+ a bann]4 ,bel[ ! ca/le ( ,bluebe>d may be se5 ! figures ( ! two cavali]s4 ,! bann] :i* !y c>ry be>s ! significant ^w1 ,republic6 ,ano!r c>toon be>+ ^u ! same subject repres5ts ,lib]ty we>+ a ,phrygian cap1 driv+ ! *>iot ( ! sun4 ,! ,k+ & 8 m9i/]s & judges1 above :om a cr[ hov]s om9\sly1 flapp+ its black w+s1 are seek+ to /op ! c\rse ( lib]ty by ?ru/+ betwe5 ! spokes ( ! :eels /icks & rods inscrib$ ,lawsuits aga9/ ! ,press1 :ile ,talleyr& comes to _! aid by ?r[+ b5ea? ! :eels /ones symboliz+ /&+ armies1 impo/s1 holy alliance1 & s =?4 ,?is c>toon is inscrib$3 ,x w\ld be easi] to /op ! c\rse ( ! sun1 & is ! "w ( ,travies1 :o is be/ kn[n z ! creator ( ! grotesque hun*back figure1 ,mayeux4 ,illu/ration3 ,b>b>ism & ! ,*ol]a invad+ ,europe 9 #ahca4 ,illu/ration3 ,raid on ! ,work%op ( ! ,lib]ty ( ! ,press4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,mayeux ,,& ,,rob]t ,,macaire ,a peculi> feature ( ,fr5* c>icature1 especially aft] political subjects 7 l>gely =bidd51 0 ! creation ( c]ta9 fam\s types :o soon became famili> to ! ,fr5* public1 & ^: reappe>ances f day to day 9 new & ev] grotesque situations 7 hail$ ) gr[+ delight4 ,su* 7 ! ,mayeux ( ,travies & ! ,macaire & ,b]tr& ( ,daumi]1 :o 9 c\rse ( "t became z celebrat$1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 z ! h]oes ( ,! ,?ree ,muskete]s4 ,9 8 ,curiosites ,e/hetiques ,beaudelaire has told ! /ory ( ! orig9 ( ,mayeux4 ,!re 01 he says1 9 ,p>is a sort ( cl[n nam$ ,le ,claire1 :o _h ! run ( v>i\s l[ resorts & !at]s4 ,8 specialty 0 to make tetes d'expression1 t is1 by a s]ies ( facial contortions he w\ld express successively ! v>i\s human passions4 ,?is man1 a cl[n by nature1 0 v melan*oly & possess$ ) a mad desire = fri5d%ip4 ,all ! "t n occupi$ 9 practice & 9 giv+ 8 grotesque p]=mances he sp5t 9 se>*+ = a fri5d1 & :5 he _h be5 dr9k+1 te>s ( solitude fl[$ freely f 8 eyes4 ,travies saw him4 ,x 0 a "t :5 ! great patriotic en?usiasm ( ,july 0 /ill at its height4 ,a lum9\s idea ent]$ 8 bra94 ,mayeux 0 creat$1 & = a long "t aft]w>d ?is same turbul5t ,mayeux talk$1 scream$1 h>angu$1 & ge/iculat$ 9 ! memory ( ! p ( ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,travies's ,mayeux4 ,adam de/roy$ u by ! apple2 ,lafayette by ! pe>4 ,9 a hundr$ diff]5t guises1 9 ! blue bl\se ( ! workman1 ! apron ( ! but*]1 ! magi/]ial g[n ( judge or advocate1 ?is hun*back ,mayeux1 ?is mis%ap5 p>ody ^u humanity1 ende>$ himself to ! ,p>isian public4 ,virul5t1 salaci\s1 corrupt1 he 0 a sort ( ,fr5* ,mr4 ,hyde--! %ad[ ( secret weaknesses & vices1 lurk+ beh9d ! ,dr4 ,jekyll ( smug b\rgeois respectability2 & ! ,fr5* public recogniz$ him z a true picture ( _! bas] selves4 ,!y laugh$ indulg5tly ov] ! broad1 ,rabelaisian je/s t unfail+ly accompani$ ea* new c>toon--je/s :i* ,m4 ,dayot has admirably *>act]iz$ z season$ ) co>se salt1 m ,g]man ?an ,gallic1 & =m+ a s]ies ( leg5ds :i* might be made into a v]itable cate*ism ( pornography4 ,?is ,mayeux s]ies is n1 /rictly speak+1 political 9 its ess5ce4 ,x t\*es ^u all sides ( life1 )\t discrim9ation & )\t respect4 ,x ev5 trespasses ^u ! subject ( t =bidd5 fruit1 ,le ,poire4 ,9 an (t-cit$ c>toon1 ,mayeux ) ext5d$ arms1 8 head sunk5 l[] ?an usual betwe5 8 huddl$ %\ld]s1 is declaim+3 ,adam de/roy$ u ) ! apple2 ,lafayette has de/roy$ u ) ! pe>6 ,& lat]1 :5 repeat$ arre/s1 v]dicts1 f9es1 edicts _h bani%$ politics f ! ar5a ( c>icature1 ,mayeux 0 /ill a privileg$ "*4 ,l ,*icot1 ! je/]1 :o c\ld speak 8 m9d fe>lessly to 8 ,h5riquet1 :ile ! ord9>y c\rti] cr+$ obsequi\sly1 ,mayeux %>$ ! prov]bial privilege ( *ildr5 & buffoons1 to speak ! tru?4 ,& (t5times x 0 n ev5 necess>y = 8 creator1 ,travies1 to manife/ any ov]t political significance2 ! public 7 always m ?an ready to look = x bel[ ! surface4 ,9 su* a picture z t ( ,mayeux1 9 ,napoleonic g>b /rik+ an attitude be=e a portrait ( ! ,little ,corporal & exclaim+1 ,comme je lui ressemble6 !y inevitably discov]$ a h9t t !re 7 o!r hypocrites m augu/ ?an ,mayeux :o fanci$ !mselves wor?y ( fill+ ,napoleon's %oes4 ,illu/ration3 ,messieurs ,macaire & ,b]tr& h f\nd x exp$i5t to make a hurri$ dep>ture = ,belgium = ! purpose ( evad+ ,fr5* ju/ice4 ,! eloqu5t ,macaire1 on rea*+ ! fronti]1 declaims z foll[s3 ,hail to !e1 ,o l& ( hospitality6 ,hail1 fa!rl& ( ^? :o hav5't got any6 ,sacr$ refuge ( all un=tunates proscrib$ by human ju/ice1 hail6 ,to all droop+ he>ts ,belgium is de>4 ,ev5 m fam\s ?an ,mayeux are ! ,macaire & ,b]tr& s]ies1 ! jo9t inv5tion ( ,philipon1 :o suppli$ ! ideas & ! text1 & ( ,daumi]1 :o execut$ ! designs4 ,accord+ to ,?ack]ay1 ^: analysis ( ^! ma/]pieces ( ,fr5* c>icature has become classic1 !y _h _! orig9 9 an old play1 ! ,aub]ge des ,adrets1 9 :i* two ?ieves escap$ f ! galleys 7 introduc$1 ,rob]t ,macaire1 ! clev] rogue1 & ,b]tr&1 8 fri5d1 ! butt & scapegoat on all occasions ( dang]4 ,! play _h be5 half-=gott5 :5 x 0 reviv$ by a popul> & clev] actor1 ,fr$]ick ,lemaitre1 :o us$ x z a vehicle = political burlesque4 ,! play 0 suppress$1 b ,le ,*>iv>i eag]ly seiz$ ^u ! idea & cont9u$ x f day to day 9 ! =m ( a pictorial puppet %[1 ( :i* ! public nev] seem$ to we>y4 ,?ack]ay's summ>y ( ! *>act]s ( ^! two illu/ri\s rascals c sc>cely be improv$ ^u3 ,illu/ration3 ,ext+ui%$6 ,m4 ,rob]t ,macaire he says is a comp\nd ( ,field+'s ',bluesk9' & ,goldsmi?'s ',beau ,tibbs4' ,he has ! dirt & d&yism ( ! "o1 ) ! f]ocity ( ! o!r3 sometimes he is made to sw9dle1 b :]e he c get a %ill+ m1 ,m4 ,macaire w murd] )\t scruple2 he p]=ms "o & ! o!r act 7or any 9 ! scale betwe5 !m7 ) a simil> bl& imp]turbability1 & accompanies 8 actions ) su* philosophical rem>ks z may be expect$ f a p]son ( 8 tal5ts1 8 en]gies1 8 amiable life & "*4 ,b]tr& is ! simple recipi5t ( ,macaire's jokes1 & makes vic>i\s atonem5t = 8 crimes1 act+1 9 fact1 ! "p :i* pantaloon p]=ms 9 ! pantomime1 :o is entirely "u ! fatal influ5ce ( cl[n4 ,he is q z mu* a rogue z t g5tleman1 b he has n 8 g5ius & c\rage4444 ,?us ,rob]t ,macaire & 8 companion ,b]tr& are made to g ?r\gh ! _w2 bo? sw9dl]s1 b ! "o m accompli%$ ?an ! o!r4 ,bo? robb+ all ! _w1 & ,rob]t robb+ 8 fri5d1 &1 9 ! ev5t ( dang]1 leav+ him fai?fully 9 ! lur*4 ,!re is1 9 ! two *>act]s1 "s grotesque good = ! spectator--a k9d ( ',begg>s' ,op]a' moral4444 ,& ) ^! two types ( clev] & /upid knav]y1 ,m4 ,philipon & 8 companion ,daumi] h creat$ a _w ( pleasant satire ^u all ! prevail+ abuses ( ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe z ,ca9 ) ! ,angels ( ,ju/ice 9 ,pursuit4 ,! ,macaire & ,b]tr& s]ies 7 less directly political 9 _! scope ?an t ( ,travies's hun*back2 at lea/1 _! political allusions 7 m c>efully veil$4 ,yet ! fir/ ( ! s]ies _h portray$ 9 ,macaire's picturesque gre5 coat & pat*$ r$ tr\s]s no less a p]sonage ?an ! old ,poire himself1 & ! public rememb]$ x4 ,:5 politics 7 bani%$ f j\rnalism !y p]si/$ 9 f9d+ 9 ea* new escapade ( ,macaire & ,b]tr& an allusion to "s fre% sc&al1 if n connect$ ) ! ,k+ himself1 at lea/ well up 9 ! ranks ( gov]nm5tal hypocrites4 ,&1 al?\gh ! specific sc&als ^u :i* !y are bas$1 ! jo9t-/ock s*emes = float+ wor?less ent]prises1 ! ?\s&-&-"o plausible humbugs ( ! p]iod1 are n[ =gott51 to ^? :o take ! tr\ble to read betwe5 ! l9es1 ^! ma/]pieces ( ,daumi]'s g5ius =m a lum9\s exposition ( ! morale ( ! gov]nm5t & ! c\rt circles4 ,illu/ration3 ,laugh+ ,john--,cry+ ,john4 ,july1 #ahcj4 ,febru>y1 #ahdh4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,f ,,cruik%ank ,,to ,,lee* ,9 contra/ ) ! brilliancy ( ! ,fr5* arti/s1 ! "w 9 ,engl& dur+ ^! ye>s1 at lea/ prior to ! e/abli%m5t ( ,pun*1 is di/9ctly disappo9t+4 ,! "o man :o might h rais$ c>icature to an ev5 high] level ?an t ( ,gillray & ,r[l&son 0 ,george ,cruik%ank1 b he )drew e>ly 9 life f political c>icature1 pref]r+1 l ,hog>?1 to conc5trate 8 tal5t ^u ! dramatic aspects ( contempor>y social life4 ,yet at ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 j z he 0 com+ ( age1 ,cruik%ank produc$ "o c>toon t has rema9$ fam\s because x anticipat$ by ?irty ye>s ! attitude ( ,mill & ,cobd5 9 #ahdf4 ,x 0 9 #ahae1 j aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo _h secur$ an era ( peace = ,europe1 t he produc$ 8 prote/ aga9/ ! laws re/rict+ ! importation ( gra9 into ,engl&4 ,he call$ x ,! ,bless+s ( ,peace2 or1 ! ,curse ( ! ,corn ,bill4 ,a c>go ( =eign gra9 has j arriv$ & is be+ (f]$ = sale by ! sup]c>go3 ,"h is ! be/ = fifty %ill+s4 ,on ! %ore a gr\p ( ,briti% l&hold]s wave ! =eign] away3 ,we won't h x at any price4 ,we are det]m9$ to keep up our own to eighty %ill+s1 & if ! poor c't buy x at t price1 :y1 !y mu/ />ve4 ,9 ! backgr\nd a /oreh\se ) tight-%ut doors bulges ) home-gr[n gra94 ,a />v+ family /& wat*+ :ile ! =eign gra9 is ?r[n ov]bo>d1 & ! fa!r says3 ,no1 no1 ma/]s1 ,i'll n />ve1 b quit my native l&1 :]e ! poor are cru%$ by ^? !y labor to support1 & retire to "o m hospitable1 & :]e ! arts ( ! ri* d n int]pose to defeat ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,aft] ,cruik%ank1 until ! adv5t ( ! m5 :o made ,pun* fam\s1--,ri*>d ,doyle1 ,john ,lee*1 ,john ,t5niel1 & _! successors1--!re are no c>tooni/s 9 ,engl& ^: "w rises above m$iocrity4 ,:5 ! dea? ( ,cann+ br\ght ,well+ton & ,peel into p[]1 a s]ies ( color$ pr9ts be>+ ! signature ,h4 ,hea?1 & p]si/5tly lampoon+ ! new m9i/ry1 enjoy$ a c]ta9 vogue4 ,!y sc>cely rose above ! level ( ! p5ny comic val5t9e1 :i* !y mu* resembl$ 9 crud5ess ( color & pov]ty ( inv5tion4 ,"o set1 entitl$ ,our ,!atrical ,celebrities1 depict$ ! ,premi] z /age manag]1 ! o!r memb]s ( ! cab9et z lead+ man1 premi]e danseuse1 prompt]1 etc4 ,ano!r s]ies depicts ! same /atesm5 z s _m ?or\ghbr$s1 to be auction$ (f to ! highe/ bidd]1 & describes ! good po9ts ( ea* 9 ! mo/ approv$ language ( ! turf4 ,lot ,no4 #a is ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 describ$ z ! fam\s *>g]1 ,ar?ur2 ,lot ,no4 #b is ,peel1 ! ,good ,old ,cobb1 ,bobby1 & ! re/ ( ! s]ies cont9ue ! same ve9 ( inane witticism4 ,some:at m po9t is to be f\nd 9 ! portrayal ( ,well+ton buri$ up to 8 neck 9 8 own boot--"o ( ! univ]sal ,well+ton boots ( ! p]iod4 ,! c>tooni/'s ?\ght1 q obvi\sly1 0 t ! illu/ri\s h]o ( ,wat]loo _h won 8 fame prim>ily 9 boots & spurs1 & t z a /atesman he became a v mu* %runk5 & insignificant figure4 ,9 its und]ly+ ?\ght ?is c>toon sugge/s comp>ison ) ! famili> ,gr&pa's ,hat c>toons ( ! rec5t ,h>rison adm9i/ration4 ,v r>ely ,hea? broke away f home politics & t\*$ ^u int]national que/ions ( ! day4 ,a pr9t %[+ ! ,premi] engag$ 9 ! task ( mak+ a ru%light1 :i* he is j )draw+ cauti\sly f a l>ge tub label$ ,greece1 is an allusion to ! "p play$ by ,great ,brita9 9 help+ to add ! mode/ light ( ,greek indep5d5ce to ! g5]al illum9ation ( civiliz$ ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton 9 ,c>icature4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,ano!r man ^: "w enjoy$ a long p]iod ( %op-w9d[ popul>ity1 & :o nev]!less did n always rise above ! comic-val5t9e level1 0 ,john ,doyle1 :o owes 8 memory less to 8 own "w ?an to ! fact t he 0 ! fa!r ( a real ma/] ( ! art1 ,ri*>d ,doyle4 ,p>ton1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,c>icature & ,o!r ,comic ,art1 notes ! eld] ,doyle's rem>kable prolificness1 e/imat+ 8 collect$ pr9ts at upw>d ( n9e hundr$2 & he cont9ues3 ,x 0 a cu/om ) ,engli% pr9t-sell]s to keep portfolios ( 8 innoc5t & amus+ pictures to let out by ! ev5+ to families ab\t to engage 9 ! ardu\s "w ( ent]ta9+ _! fri5ds at d9n]4 ,he excell$ greatly 9 8 portraits1 _m ( :i*1 x is said by contempor>ies1 are ! be/ ev] tak5 ( ! not$ m5 ( t day1 & may safely be accept$ z hi/orical4 ,br\gham1 ,peel1 ,o',connell1 ,hume1 ,russell1 ,palm]/on1 & o!rs appe> 9 8 works z !y 7 9 _! prime1 ) little di/ortion or exagg]ation1 ! humor ( ! pictures be+ 9 ! situation portray$4 ,?us1 aft] a debate 9 :i* allusion 0 made to an anci5t egg anecdote1 ,doyle produc$ a c>icature 9 :i* ! lead]s ( p>ties 7 drawn z h5s sitt+ ^u eggs4 ,! :ole int]e/ ( ! picture lies 9 ! speak+ lik5ess ( ! m54 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,pun* ,:at ! adv5t ( ,la ,c>icature did = ,fr5* comic art 0 done = ,engl& by ! bir? ( ,pun*1 ! ,london ,*>iv>i1 on ,july #ag1 #ahda4 ,x is n surpris+ t ?is vet]an organ ( wit & satire1 ess5tially ,briti% ?\gh x is 9 ! quality & range ( its humor1 %\ld h inspir$ a numb] ( diff]5t writ]s successively to record its annals4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,spielmann1 ^: admirable volume is likely to rema9 ! au?oritative hi/ory1 po9ts out t ! v t]m c>toon 9 its mod]n s5se is 9 reality a creation ( ,pun*'s4 ,9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i41 he says1 ! approv$ phrase 01 a mad designe2 9 ! "t ( ,george ,,ii4 x 0 kn[n z a hi]oglyphic2 ?r\gh\t ! gold5 age ( ,gillray & ,cruik%ank c>icature 0 ! epi!t appli$ to ! sep>ate copp]plate broadsides display$ 9 ! fam\s %ops ( ,ack]mann1 ,mrs4 ,humphrey1 & ,mc,clean4 ,b x 0 n until ,july1 #ahdc1 :5 ! fir/ great exhibition ( c>toons = ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t 0 held--gigantic designs h&l+ ! l(tie/ subjects 9 ! mo/ elevat$ arti/ic _s--t ,pun* inaugurat$ 8 own s>ca/ic s]ies ( c>toons1 & by do+ s p]man5tly enri*$ ! language ) a new ^w1 or r ) new mean+ = an old ^w4 ,pun*1 h[ev]1 did f> m ?an m]ely to *ange ! t]m9ology ( c>icature1 he revolutioniz$ its _s2 he made x possible = ,glad/one to say ( x t 9 8 e>ly days1 :5 an arti/ 0 engag$ to produce political satires1 he ne>ly always desc5d$ to gross p]sonal c>icature1 & sometimes to indec5cy4 ,to-day ! humor\s press %[$ a total abs5ce ( vulg>ity & a fair] treatm5t1 :i* made ?is dep>tm5t ( w>f>e always pleas+4 ,z 9 ! case ( o!r fam\s *>act]s ( hi/ory1 ! orig9 & p>5tage ( ,pun* h be5 mu* disput$1 & a v>iety ( leg5ds h gr[n up ab\t ! s\rce ( its v "n1 ! cr$it = its g5esis be+ v>i\sly assign$ to its orig9al editors1 ,h5ry ,mayhew1 ,m>k ,lemon1 ! pr9t] ,joseph ,la/1 ! writ] ,d\glas ,j]rold1 & a numb] ( obscur] lit]>y lights4 ,"o /ory cit$ by ,mr4 ,spielmann1 al?\gh cle>ly apocryphal1 is nev]!less wor?y ( repetition4 ,accord+ to ?is /ory1 somebody at "o ( ! prelim9>y meet+s spoke ( ! =?com+ pap] z be+ l a good mixture ( pun*1 good = no?+ )\t ,lemon1 :5 ,mayhew caught up ! idea & cri$1 ,a capital idea6 ,we'll call x ,pun*6 ,9 m>k$ contra/ to its ,fr5* prototype1 ! ,london ,*>iv>i 0 f ! beg9n+ a mod]ate organ1 & a /an* support] ( ! ,cr[n4 ,9 its orig9al prospectus its political cre$ 0 outl9$ z foll[s3 ,pun* has no p>ty prejudices2 he is cons]vative 9 8 opposition to ,fantocc9i & political puppets1 b a progressive :ig 9 8 love ( small *ange & a repeal ( ! union ) public ,judies4 ,& to ?is day ?is policy ( hitt+ all ar\nd1 ( avoid+ any bitt] & prolong$ p>tisan%ip1 is ! keynote ( ,pun*'s popul>ity & pre/ige4 ,h[ ?is attitude has be5 consi/5tly ma9ta9$ 9 its practical work+ is well br\ght out by ,mr4 ,spielmann 9 8 *apt] d$icat$ to ! p]iodic ,pun* d9n]s1 :]e ! editorial c\ncils h always tak5 place3 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,l& ( ,lib]ty4 ,:5 ! meal is done & cig>s & pipes are duly light$1 subjects are delib]ately propos$ 9 half a doz5 qu>t]s1 until q a numb] may be be=e ! ,/aff4 ,!y are f\ght all r\nd ! ,table1 & unless obvi\sly & /rik+ly good1 are probably reject$ or attack$ ) good-humor$ ridicule or )]+ scorn4444 ,& :5 ! subject ( a c>toon is a political "o1 ! debate gr[s hot & ! fun m furi\s1 & x usually ends by ,tories & ,radicals accept+ a compromise1 = ! p>ties are pretty ev5ly balanc$ at ! ,table2 :ile ,mr4 ,burn& assails bo? sides ) p]fect indiff]5ce4 ,at la/1 :5 ! intellectual tug-(-w>1 la/+ usually f half-pa/ eight = j an h\r & ?ree-qu>t]s by ! clock1 is br\ght to a conclusion1 ! c>toon 9 all its details is discuss$ & det]m9$2 & !n comes ! fight ov] ! title & ! 'cackle1' amid all ! good-natur$ *aff & bant] ( a pack ( boi/]\s1 high-spirit$ s*oolboys4 ,illu/ration3 ,:at8 ,y "y ,yankee-,noodle1 /rike y\r own ,fa!r6 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe z ,! ,napoleon ( ,peace4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,d[n to ! close ( ! p]iod cov]$ 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 ! c>toon play$ a relatively small "p 9 ! weekly cont5ts ( ,pun*1 av]ag+ b>ely "o a week1 & be+ omitt$ altoge!r f _m numb]s4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s ! dom9at+ _s 0 unque/ionably ,john ,lee*1 :o produc$ no less ?an two hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree c>toons out ( a total ( ?ree hundr$ & f\rte51 or m ?an twice z _m z all ! o!r contributors put toge!r4 ,he fir/ appe>$ ) a pageful ( ,=eign ,affairs 9 ! f\r? issue ( ,pun*--a picture ( "s huddl$ gr\ps ( =eign refugees--a design rememb]$ *iefly because x = ! fir/ "t introduc$ to ! _w ! arti/'s sign-manual1 a lee* wriggl+ 9 a wat] bottle4 ,( ,doyle's political plates dur+ ^! e>ly ye>s1 none is m int]e/+ to ! ,am]ican read] ?an ! few r>e occasions ^u :i* he seeks to express ! ,briti% impression ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,! ,l& ( ,lib]ty1 appe>$ 9 #ahdg4 ,a lean & lanky1 b be>dless1 ,uncle ,sam tilts lazily back 9 8 rock+-*air1 a six-%oot] 9 8 h&1 a huge cig> betwe5 8 tee?4 ,"o foot re/s c>elessly ^u a bu/ ( ,wa%+ton1 :i* he has kick$ ov]4 ,! o!r is flung ov] ! back ( ano!r *air 9 sprawl+ insol5ce4 ,9 ! asc5d+ cl\ds ( smoke appe> ! ,/>s & ,/ripes1 surr\nd$ by a panorama ( outrages1 duels1 b>room broils1 lyn* law1 etc41 & above !m all1 ! cont5d+ armies ( ! ,mexican w>1 ov] :om a gigantic devil hov]s1 8 h&s ext5d$ 9 a malignant b5$iction4 ,a closely analog\s c>toon ( ?is same ye> by ,ri*>d ,doyle %>ply satiriz$ ,l\is ,philippe z ! ,napoleon ( ,peace1 & depict$ 9 detail ! unsatisfactory condition ( ,european affairs z se5 f ! ,briti% vantage gr\nd4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is c>toon ,pun* 0 = "s "t exclud$ f ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,sea ,s]p5t ( #ahdh4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,f #ahdh onw>d ! c>toons 9 ,pun* look ^u ! _w politics f a con/antly wid5+ angle4 ,inde$1 ! same rem>k holds good = ! comic organs n only ( ,engl&1 b ( ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ! o!r lead+ nations z well4 ,?r\gh\t ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! int]national relations ( ! lead+ p[]s may be foll[$ almo/ )\t a break 9 ! c>toons ( ,pun* & ,judy1 ( ! ,flieg5de ,blaett] & ! ,kladd]adats*1 ( ,don ,pirlone1 ( ! ,j\rnal p\r ,rire1 ( ,life & ,puck & ,judge1 & ! c\ntless ho/ ( _! foll[]s & imitators4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,bird's ,eye ,view ( ,europe 9 #ahcj4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,retrospective ,illu/ration3 ,daumi]4 ,daumi] fut le pe9tre ord9aire ,des pairs1 des deputes et des ,rob]t-,macaire4 ,son rude crayon fait l'hi/oire de nos j\rs4 --,o l'etonnante b\le6 o la bonne figure6 --,je le crois p>dieu bi51 c> ,daumi] e/ t\j\rs ,excell5t en c>icature4 ,! close ( ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury m>ks a conv5i5t mom5t = a backw>d glance4 ,^! fifty ye>s1 :i* began ) ! consul%ip ( ! fir/ ,napoleon & clos$ on ! eve ( ! ?ird ,napoleon's c\p d'etat1 witness$ ! rise & fall ( m ?an "o ,napoleonic _s 9 ! realm ( comic art4 ,x 0 ess5tially a p]iod ( individualism1 ( ! "o-man p[] 9 c>icature4 ,exi/+ conditions =bade a logical & unbrok5 developm5t ( ! political c>toon2 x evolv$ only by fits & />ts4 ,x 0 (t5 less an expression ( ! popul> mood ?an a vehicle = p]sonal en?usiasm or p]sonal rancor2 at ! h&s ( j a few ma/]s1 x v]g$ ^u ! despotic4 ,at int]vals1 fir/ 9 "o c\ntry & !n 9 ano!r1 a ,gillray1 a ,r[l&son1 a ,daumi]1 w\ld blaze =?1 brilliant1 erratic1 meteor-l1 leav+ beh9d !m a trail ( sc9tillat+ sugge/ion1 de/9$ to fire "s new fuse1 to />t c>icature along "s new curve ( ecc5tricity4 ,! importance ( ^! fifty ye>s1 ! la/+ influ5ce ( ^! =]unn]s ( ! mod]n c>tooni/s1 mu/ n be und]rat$4 ,)\t ! inspiration ( _! brilliant successes1 &1 x may also be add$1 ! useful lessons ( _! errors & failures1 ! c>toon ( to-day w\ld be radically diff]5t1 & probably greatly inf]ior to :at x is4 ,above all1 !y taught1 by two trem5d\s object lessons1 ! pot5t =ce t lies 9 pictorial satire--by ! %>e :i* ,engli% c>tooni/s _h 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ,napoleon ,i41 & :i* ,fr5* c>tooni/s _h 9 ! d[nfall ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,b x 0 only ) ! adv5t ( ! mod]n comic weekly ( ! high type repres5t$ by ,pun* t x became possible to develop s*ools ( c>icature ) def9ite aims & e/abli%$ traditions--s*ools t h t5d$ /eadily to elim9ate & reject ! old-"t elem5ts ( vulg>ity & exagg]ation1 to ga9 ! increas$ influ5ce t comes f sobriety ( me?od & high] arti/ic excell5ce1 & to hold erratic individuality 9 *eck4 ,few p :o are n directly conc]n$ 9 its mak+ ev] realize h[ ess5tially ! mod]n c>icature is a composite production4 ,take1 = example1 ! big1 d\ble-page c>toon :i* has become su* a famili> weekly feature 9 ,puck or ,judge1 ) its complicat$ gr\p ( figures1 its sugge/ive backgr\nd1 its multitude ( clev] m9or po9ts2 ! g]m idea has be5 pick$ out f p]haps a doz5 o!rs1 z ! result ( c>eful delib]ation1 & f ?is />t+ po9t ! :ole design has be5 built up1 detail by detail1 repres5t+ ! jo9t clev]ness ( ! entire editorial /aff4 ,b ! collaboration rea*es fur!r back ?an ?is4 ,a political c>toon resembles 9 a way a composite photograph1 :i* embodies n m]ely ! sup]impos$ features ( ! m5 :o sat be=e ! cam]a1 b some?+ also ( ! c\ntless g5]ations be=e !m1 :o h made _! features :at !y are by transmitt+ f fa!r to son some?+ ( _! own p]sonality4 ,9 ! same way1 ! political c>toon ( to-day is ! product ( a gradual evolution1 mirror+ back ! famili> features ( _m a c>toon ( ! pa/4 ,x is n m]ely an embodim5t ( ! ideas ( ! satiri/s :o sugge/$ x & ! arti/ :o drew x1 b also ( _m a traditional & /]eotyp$ symbol1 bequea!d f g5]ation to g5]ation by arti/s dead & gone4 ,! v ess5ce ( pictorial satire1 its alpha & omega1 s to speak1 is symbolism1 ! use ( c]ta9 e/abli%$ types1 conv5tional p]sonifications ( ,peace & ,w>1 ,dea? & ,fam9e & ,disease1 ,fa!r ,"t ) 8 scy!1 ! ,old ,ye> & ! ,new2 ! ,russian ,be>1 ! ,briti% ,lion1 & ! ,am]ican ,eagle2 ,uncle ,sam & ,columbia1 ,britannia & ,john ,bull4 ,^! figures1 z we h !m to-day1 _c po9t to any "o creator4 ,!y are n an inspiration ( ! mom5t1 a /roke ( g5ius1 l ,daumi]'s ,macaire or ,travies's ,mayeux4 ,!y are ! product ( a c5tury ( evolution1 a gradual survival ( ! fitte/1 result+ f ! unconsci\s natural selection ( popul> approval4 ,no bett] specific in/ance c be tak5 ?an t ( ! famili> figure ( ,john ,bull z he appe>s f week to week 9 ! contempor>y pages ( ,pun*1 = 8 desc5t may be trac$ 9 an unbrok5 l9e--!re are no miss+ l9ks4 ,no s+le ,briti% c>icaturi/1 f ,gillray to ,du ,mauri]1 c claim ! cr$it = hav+ inv5t$ him2 yet ea* 9 8 turn has contribut$ some?+1 a t\* "h1 a l9e !re1 t[>d mak+ him :at he is to-day4 ,z ,mr4 ,spielmann has po9t$ out1 ! e>lie/ prototype ( ,pun*'s ,john ,bull is to be s\ght 9 ,gillray's conception ( ,f>m] ,george1 t figur$ 9 a long s]ies ( malevol5t c>icatures depict+ ,george ,,iii41 z a gap+ c\ntry l\t1 a heavy1 dull-witt$ yokel4 ,!re is no m curi\s p>adox 9 ! hi/ory ( c>icature ?an t ?is figure ( ,f>m] ,george1 conceiv$ 9 pure malice z a means ( inspir+ res5tm5t aga9/ a k+ popul>ly believ$ to c>e m = 8 f>my>d ?an = ! int]e/s ( 8 subjects1 %\ld by gradual transition h come to be accept$ z ! symbolic figure ( ! nation4 ,yet ! successive /eps are easy en\gh to und]/&4 ,:5 ,gillray's po9t ( attack _h %ift$ f ! ?rone ( ,engl& to ! ?rone ( ,france1 8 type ( ,f>m] ,george ne$$ b slight modification to become a huge1 unga9ly ogre1 ! inc>nation ( ,briti% wra? aga9/ ,little ,boney--%ak+ a =midable fi/ at ! coa/ ( ,calais1 wad+ knee-deep across ! *annel1 or gre$ily op5+ a cav]n\s jaw to take 9 a s\l-satisfy+ meal ( ,fr5* frigates4 ,b b5ea? ! exagg]at$ f]ocity ( ,gillray's extreme type1 ! idea ( a f>m] z ! national figure is nev] q lo/ sight (4 ,9 ,gillray's lat] c>toons ! conception ( ,john ,bull _h already tak5 on a m consi/5t & def9ite =m4 ,at ! h&s ( ,r[l&son & ,woodw>d he lo/ mu* ( 8 unc\?ness & began to assume a mell[] & m b5ignant aspect2 a c>toon by ! latt]1 entitl$ ,g5ial ,rays1 pictures him recl9+ luxuri\sly ^u a b$ ( roses1 bask+ 9 ! sun ( patriotism1 ! image ( agricultural cont5tm5t4 ,a c]ta9 co>s5ess & vulg>ity1 h[ev]1 clung to him until well d[n into ! =ties1 :5 ! ref9+ t\* ( ,lee* & ,t5niel gradually idealiz$ him into ! portly1 *ol]ic1 well-to-d rural g5tleman :o is to-day su* a famili> figure ! _w ov]4 ,?is type ( ,john ,bull z ! repres5tative ,briton once call$ =? "s ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic comm5ts f ,john ,rusk94 ,is x n surely1 he asks1 "s ov]rul+ p[] 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 q o!r ?an ! desire ( 8 read]s1 :i* compels ,mr4 ,pun*1 :5 ! squire1 ! colonel1 & ! admiral are to be at once express$1 toge!r ) all t !y legislate or fight =1 9 ! symbolic figure ( ! nation1 to pres5t ! inc>nate ,mr4 ,bull always z a f>m]--nev] z a manufactur] or %opkeep]8 ,su* a view on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,rusk9 is consi/5t ) 8 life-long insi/5ce ^u lit]al tru? 9 art4 ,b he 0 obvi\sly mi/ak5 :5 he que/ion$ t ,john ,bull is ! delib]ate *oice ( ! ,briti% public4 ,! av]age ,engli%man1 :e!r soldi] or sailor1 /atesman1 m]*ant1 or manufactur]1 approves & enjoys ! pleasant fiction t ! repres5tative type is a good1 old-fa%ion$ c\ntry g5tleman1 cons]vative & r insul>1 a support] ( l&$ int]e/s1 a patron ( c\ntry sports2 9 %ort1 "o :o lives 8 life close to 8 native soil1 :o seems to p]sonify ! roll+ d[n1 ! close-clipp$ h$ge1 ! trim g>d5plot1 ! neat ?at*$ ro(1 ?+s :i* typify ,engl& ! _w ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,evolution ( ,john ,bull4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5ri ,monni] 9 ! ,role ( ,joseph ,prudhomme4 ,nev] %all my daught] become ! wife ( a scribbl]4 ,by ,daumi] ,n only are mo/ ( ! accept$ symbolic figures--,john ,bull1 ,uncle ,sam1 & ! re/--:at !y are because !y meet ) popul> approval1 b no c>tooni/ to-day c\ld v5ture ^u any radical dep>ture f ! e/abli%$ type--a be>d$ ,john ,bull1 a smoo?-%av5 ,uncle ,sam--)\t call+ d[n public disfavor ^u 8 head4 ,if "o /ops to ?9k ( x1 our own accept$ national type1 ! tall1 lank1 awkw>d figure1 ! ?91 angul> ,yankee face ) a %rewd & k9dly tw9kle 9 ! eye1 is ev5 less repres5tative ( ! av]age ,am]ican ?an ,john ,bull is ( ! av]age ,briton4 ,x is int]e/+ to recall t be=e ! ,civil ,w> our national type frequ5tly took ! =m ( a ,s\!rn]--regul>ly 9 ! pages ( ,pun*4 ,to-day1 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 !re is b "o type ( ,uncle ,sam1 & we w\ld n tol]ate a *ange4 ,x may be t 9 ! gaunt1 loose-knit frame1 ! /rong & rugg$ features we recognize a k9%ip to t /]l+ & ess5tially ,am]ican type ( man :i* f\nd its be/ expon5t 9 ,l9coln1 & t ?is is ! reason :y ,uncle ,sam has become ! mo/ univ]sally accept$ & ! be/ belov$ ( all our conv5tional types4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv '#dh ,,& ,,! ,,c\p ,d',,etat ,x 0 only natural t c>icature1 l e o!r =m ( free expression ( op9ion1 %\ld feel ! consequ5ces ( ! g5]al political upheaval ( #ahdh2 & ^! consequ5ces diff]$ widely 9 ! diff]5t c\ntries ( ,europe1 accord+ to ! degree ( civic lib]ty :i* t revolution>y movem5t _h effect$4 ,9 ,g]many1 = example1 x result$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a :ole gr\p ( comic weeklies1 ) a lic5se = t\*+ ^u political topics q unprec$5t$ 9 t l& ( imp]ialism & c5sor%ip4 ,9 ,france1 on ! contr>y1 political c>icature came to an abrupt close j at a "t :5 x _h begun to give promise ( exceptional int]e/4 ,l\is ,napoleon1 :o ow$ 8 elevation to ! presid5cy ( ! republic *iefly to ! popul> belief 9 8 absolute h>mlessness1 develop$ a mo/ unexpect$ & disconc]t+ /r5g? ( "*4 ,8 capacity = cunn+ & unscrupul\sness 0 yet to be le>n$2 b a feel+ ( di/ru/ 0 already 9 ! air1 & ! c>icaturi/s 7 quick to reflect x4 ,l\is ,napoleon1 h[ev]1 0 ke5ly alive to ! deadly h>m wr\ght to 8 pr$ecessor by ,philipon's pictorial %>p-%oot]s1 & he did n propose to let hi/ory repeat itself by hold+ him up to public ridicule1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! poor old ,poire1 ! citiz5 k+4 ,accord+ly ! c\p d'etat 0 h>dly an accompli%$ fact :5 press laws 7 pass$ ( su* a /r+5t nature t ! public press1 & pictorial satire along ) x1 0 r$uc$ to a /ate ( vassalage1 dep5d5t ^u ! imp]ial caprice1 a condition t la/$ upw>d ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,consequ5tly1 ! few c>toons satiriz+ ,napoleon ,,iii41 t emanate f ,fr5* s\rces1 ei!r belong to ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 reign or else ant$ate ! law ( #ahea1 :i* d5i$ trial by jury to all cases ( infr+em5t ( ! press laws4 ,! latt] c>toons1 h[ev]1 are ( special int]e/1 = !y s]ve to ?r[ important light ^u ! popul> /ate ( m9d j prior to ! fam\s c\p d'etat4 ,illu/ration3 ,! only ,lamps au?oriz$ to light ! ,pa? ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,by ,v]ni] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,italian ,c>toon ( '#dh4 ,! majority ( ^! c>toons appe>$ 9 ! pages ( ,*>iv>i1 & "s ( ! be/ are due to ! cau/ic p5cil ( ,*>les ,v]ni]4 ,a good specim5 ( ?is arti/'s "w is a li?ograph entitl$ ,! ,only ,lamps ,au?oriz$ = ! ,pres5t to ,light up ! ,pa? ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 %[+ ,l\is ,napoleon m>*+ along s$ately1 8 h&s clasp$ beh9d 8 back & 8 way illum9at$ by ?ree lant]n-be>]s4 ,! lant]ns are1 respectively1 ,la ,patrie du ,soir1 ,le ,moniteur du ,soir & ,la ,gazette de ,france1 newspap]s !n 9 favor ) ! gov]nm5t4 ,j 9 front ( ,l\is ,napoleon1 h[ev]1 may be se5 a d>k & om9\s manhole4 ,ano!r ( ,v]ni]'s c>toons is call$ ,! ,%oot+ ,mat* 9 ! ,*amps ,elysees4 ,! t>get is ! head ( ! ,con/itution surm\nt+ a pole4 ,napoleon is direct+ ! ef=ts ( ! conte/ants4 ,! man :o knocks ! t>get ov] completely1 he is say+1 ,i w make my ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! great ,napoleon & ! man :om ,victor ,hugo lik$ s to call ,napoleon ! ,little sugge/$ ano!r pictorial ef=t ( ,v]ni]4 ,a vet]an ( ! ,gr& ,army is wat*+ ! coa* ( ! /ate pass+ by1 ,napoleon hold+ ! re9s4 ,:at6 ,t my ,emp]or6 exclaims ! vet]an1 %ad+ 8 eyes4 ,^? rascally ,engli%m51 h[ !y h *ang$ my vision6 ,! me?ods by :i* ,l\is ,napoleon obta9$ 8 election fir/ z ,presid5t = t5 ye>s1 & secondly z ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 7 satiriz$ 9 ,*>iv>i by ,daumi] 9 a c>toon call$ ,les ,aveugles 7,! ,bl9d74 ,9 ! c5t] ( ?is c>toon is a huge ballot j> m>k$ ,univ]sal ,suffrage4 ,ar\nd ?is ! sightless vot]s are labori\sly grop+4 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon ,le ,petit4 ,by ,v]ni]4 ,_m 7 ! designs by :i* ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i satiriz$ ,l\is ,napoleon's flirtation ) ! ,fr5* republic4 ,9 "o ( !m ! ,pr9ce1 be>+ a remote resemblance 9 mann] & 9 dress to ,rob]t ,macaire1 is (f]+ ! lady 8 arm4 ,belle dame1 he is say+1 w y accept my escort8 ,to :i* %e replies coldly3 ,monsieur1 y\r passion is entirely too sudd54 ,i c place no great fai? 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,new ,siamese ,tw9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,napoleon & ,madame ,france4 ,pictorial expressions ( op9ion reg>d+ ! great crime ( #ahea1 :i* once m replac$ a republic ) an empire1 mu/ be s\ght = outside ( ,france4 ,b !re 0 "o subject at ?is "t ^u :i* ev5 ! /ricte/ ( edicts c\ld n en=ce sil5ce1 & t 0 ! subject ( ,napoleon's m>riage to ,eug5ie4 ,! ,emp]or's ,spani% bride 0 nev] popul>1 n ev5 dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,second ,empire1 be=e %e began to m$dle ) affairs ( /ate2 & 9 _m incisive ways ! ,p>isians heap$ ridicule ^u h]4 ,a curi\s little pamphlet1 ) text & illu/rations1 ab\t ! new ,empress 0 sold 9 ,p>is at ! "t ( ! m>riage4 ,?is pamphlet 0 entirely complim5t>y & h>mless4 ,! bit+ humor ( x 0 on ! title-page1 :i* ! v5dors w5t ab\t cry+ 9 ! /reets3 ,! portrait & virtues ( ! ,empress1 all = two s\s6 ,b = a frank expression ( :at ! _w ?\ght ( ! new ma/] ( ! de/9ies ( ,france1 x is necess>y to turn to ! contempor>y pages ( ,pun*4 ,! ,london ,*>iv>i 0 at ?is "t j ent]+ ^u its mo/ glori\s epo* ( political c>icature4 ,john ,lee*1 "o ( ! two great ,engli% c>tooni/s ( ! pa/ half c5tury1 _h arriv$ at ! maturity ( 8 tal5t2 ! second1 ,john ,t5niel1 0 de/9$ soon to jo9 ! /aff ( ,pun* 9 place ( ,ri*>d ,doyle1 :o resign$ 9 prote/ aga9/ ! editorial policy ( attack+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,bo? ( ^! arti/s possess$ a te*nical skill & a degree ( arti/ic inspiration t rais$ !m f> above ! level ( ! m]e c>icaturi/4 ,& z x happ5$1 ! _w 0 ent]+ ^u a long succession ( /ormy sc5es1 de/9$ to furni% !m ) matt] wor?y ( _! p5cils4 ,aft] =ty ye>s ( peace1 ,europe 0 ab\t to incur an epidemic ( w>4 ,! cla% betwe5 ,turkey & ,russia 9 #ahec 0 de/9$ to assume int]national proportions 9 ! ,crimean ,w>2 ,engl&'s tr\bles 7 to be augm5t$ by ! revolt ( h] ,indian m]c5>ies2 ! ,russian w> 0 to be closely foll[$ by ano!r betwe5 ,france & ,au/ria2 by ! enfran*isem5t ( ,italy f ! ,alps to ! ,adriatic2 ! bitt] /ruggle betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria2 & ! break+ up ( ! ,conf$]ation ( ! ,rh9e1 ) ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> loom+ up 9 ! ne> future4 ,x 0 on ! ?re%old ( su* tr\bl\s times1 & z if prophetic ( ! end ( ,european tranquillity1 t ,lee* signaliz$ ! accession ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 z ,emp]or ) ! significant c>toon1 ,france is ,tranquil666 ,poor ,france _c well be o!rwise ?an tranquil1 = ,mr4 ,lee* depicts h] b\nd h& & foot1 a *a9-%ot fa/5$ to h] feet & a s5try /&+ gu>d ov] h] ) a bayonet4 ,! arti/ soon foll[$ ?is up ) ano!r c>toon1 evid5tly sugge/$ by ! initial plate ( ,hog>?'s fam\s s]ies ( ,! ,rake's ,progress4 ,! ,pr9ce ,presid5t1 9 ! "* ( ! ,rake1 has j come into 8 inh]itance1 & has ca/ aside 8 =m] mi/ress1 ,lib]te1 to :om he is (f]+ money1 h] "m 7,france7 /&+ by1 an indignant witness to ! sc5e4 ,8 milit>y tailor is measur+ him = a new imp]ial uni=m1 :ile beh9d him a prie/ 79 allusion to ! f9ancial aid :i* ! ,papal p>ty 0 receiv+ f ,napoleon7 is help+ himself f a plate ( money /&+ beside ! ,presid5t4 ,on ! floor is a confus$ litt] ( swords1 knapsacks1 bayonets1 cr[ns1 crosses ( ! ,legion ( ,honor1 ! ,code ,napoleon1 & o!r miscellane\s rem9d]s ( ,l\is' well-kn[n craze on ! subject ( 8 uncle & 8 uncle's ideas4 ,mr4 ,t5niel's e>ly c>toons ( ,l\is ,napoleon are sc>cely m k9dly4 ,! ,emp]or's approa*+ m>riage is hit (f 9 "o entitl$ ,! ,eagle 9 ,love1 9 :i* ,eug5ie1 repres5t$ ) ! mo/ unflatt]+ lik5ess1 is employ$ 9 p>+ ! imp]ial eagle's talons4 ,9 #ahec ,t5niel depicts an ,int]national ,p\ltry ,%[1 :]e we see among ! entries a v>iety ( eagles--! ,prussian eagle1 ! ,am]ican eagle1 ! two-head$ ,russian & ,au/rian eagles--& among !m a wret*$ mongrel1 m closely ak9 to a b$raggl$ b>n-door f[l ?an to ! ,fr5* ,eagle :i* x claims to be4 ,que5 ,victoria1 :o is visit+ ! %[1 "u escort ( ,mr4 ,pun*1 rem>ks3 ,we h no?+ ( t sort1 ,mr4 ,pun*2 b %\ld !re be a lion %[1 we c s5d a specim566 ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,napoleon's ,proclamation4 ,illu/ration3 ,split ,cr[ 9 ! ,crimea4 ,f ,pun*4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,9 ,,! ,,crimea ,illu/ration3 ,bur/+ ( ! ,russian ,bubble4 ,illu/ration3 ,g5]al ,fevri] turn$ ,traitor4 ,! grim /ruggle ( ! ,crimean ,w> = a "t *eck$ ,mr4 ,pun*'s attacks ^u ,napoleon ,,iii41 & turn$ 8 att5tion 9 ano!r direction4 ,al?\gh ! w> cl\d 9 ! ,ea/ 0 assum+ port5t\s dim5sions1 !re 7 _m 9 ,engl&1 ! ,peace ,society1 ! memb]s ( ! peace-at-any-price p>ty1 ) ,messrs4 ,bright & ,cobd5 at _! head1 & mo/ conspicu\s ( all ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,"l ,ab]de51 :o delib]ately bl9d$ !mselves to ! possibility ( w>4 ,x 0 = ! enlight5m5t ( ^! g5tlem5 t ,mr4 ,lee* design$ 8 c>toon ,no ,dang]1 repres5t+ a donkey1 eloqu5t 9 8 /olid /upidity1 tranquilly bray+ 9 front ( a load$ cannon4 ,9 /ill ano!r c>toon ,"l ,ab]de5 himself is placidly smok+ ,! ,pipe ( ,peace ov] a brimm+ b>rel ( gunp[d]4 ,john ,bull1 h[ev]1 has already become wide-awake to ! dang]1 = he is nail+ ! ,russian eagle to 8 b>n door1 rem>k+ to 8 ,fr5* neighbor t he won't worry ! ,turkies any m4 ,at ?is "t ,engl& _h begun to wat* ) gr[+ jeal\sy ! cordial ent5te betwe5 ,russia & ,au/ria1 = ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas 0 /rongly suspect$ ( hav+ (f]$ to ,au/ria a slice ( 8 prospective prize1 ,turkey4 ,?is rumor =ms ! basis ( an effective c>toon by ,lee*1 ,! ,old ',un & ! ,"y ',un1 9 :i* ! ,russian & ,au/rian ,emp]ors are seat$ at table1 g5ially divid+ a bottle ( port betwe5 !m4 ,n[ !n1 ,au/ria1 says ,ni*olas1 j help me f9i% ! ,port7e74 ,mean:ile1 ho/ilities betwe5 ,turkey & ,russia _h begun1 & ! latt] _h already receiv$ a s]i\s setback at ,olt5itza1 an ev5t commemorat$ by ,t5niel 9 8 c>toon ( ,a ,be> ) a ,sore ,head4 ,9 spite ( 8 bl9d optimism1 ,"l ,ab]de5 0 by ?is "t f9d+ x decid$ly difficult to h&le ! re9s ( =eign affairs4 ,"o ( ! be/ satires ( ! ye> is by ,t5niel1 entitl$ ,! ,unpopul> ,act ( ! ,c\ri] ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 depict+ ,ab]de5 p]=m+ ! dang]\s feat ( driv+ a team ( vici\s horses4 ,! mettlesome lead]s1 ,russia & ,turkey1 h already tak5 ! bit betwe5 _! tee?1 :ile ,au/ria1 cat*+ ! contagion ( _! vici\sness1 is plung+ dang]\sly4 ,?is c>toon 0 soon foll[$ by ano!r /ill m notable1 entitl$ ,:at ,x ,has ,come ,to1 "o ( ^? spl5did animal pictures 9 :i* ,john ,t5niel especially excell$4 ,x %[s u ! ,russian be>1 scamp]+ (f 9 ! di/ance1 :ile 9 ! =egr\nd ,"l ,ab]de5 is cl++ desp]ately to ! ,briti% lion1 :i* has />t$ 9 mad pursuit1 ) 8 mane erect & 8 tail /iff5$ l a ramrod2 ! lion plunges along1 dragg+ beh9d him ! t]rifi$ premi]1 :o is gasp+ out t he c no long] hold him & is =c$ to let him g4 ,at ! same "t ,mr4 ,lee* also repres5t$ pictorially ,"l ,ab]de5 awak5+ to ! necessity ( w> 9 8 ,bomb>dm5t ( ,odessa4 ,! c>toon is 9 two p>ts1 repres5t+ respectively ! ,engli% ,premi] & ! ,russian ,emp]or read+ _! morn+ pap]4 ,bomb>dm5t ( ,odessa1 says ,ab]de54 ,de> me1 ?is w be v disagreeable to my imp]ial fri5d4 ,bomb>dm5t ( ,odessa1 says ,ni*olas2 conf\nd x6 ,?is w be v annoy+ to de> old ,ab]de56 ,9 ! foll[+ ,novemb] ! ,briti% victory ( ,ink]man1 won aga9/ almo/ hopeless odds1 0 witness$ by two memb]s ( ! ,russian imp]ial family4 ,lee* promptly commemorat$ ?is fact 9 8 picture ( ,! ,russian ,be>'s ,lick$ ,cubs1 ,ni*olas & ,mi*ael4 ,! c>toon entitl$ ! ,bur/+ ( ! ,russian ,bubble appe>$ 9 ,pun*1 ,octob] #ad1 #ahed1 j aft] ! battle ( ! ,alma _h tak5 place & "p ( ! ,russian fleet _h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,engli% & ,fr5* %ips at ,seba/opol4 ,?is c>toon is by ! h& ( ,lee*4 ,! ,russian ,emp]or1 ,ni*olas ,i41 _h boa/$ ( ! irresi/ible p[] :i* 0 to enable him to ov]?r[ ! alli$ =ces ga!r$ 9 ! ,crimea1 & "h ! arti/ %[s v graphically ! %att]+ ( ?is irresi/ible p[] & ( ! unlimit$ means4 ,( all ! c>toons :i* ,lee* produc$ !re is none :i* enjoys a m endur+ fame ?an ! "o entitl$ ,g5]al ,fevri] ,turn$ ,traitor4 ,c]ta9ly no o!r 9 ! :ole s]ies ( ,crimean ,w> c>toons appe>+ 9 ,pun* comp>es ) x 9 p[]4 ,yet spl5did & effective z x is1 !re is 9 x a cruelty wor?y ( ,gr&ville or ,gillray1 & :5 x appe>$ x caus$ a %udd] to run ?r\gh all ,engl&4 ,! ,russian ,emp]or _h boa/$ 9 a spee* on ! subject ( ! ,crimean ,w> t1 :atev] =ces ,france & ,engl& might be able to s5d to ! front1 ,russia possess$ two g5]als on :om %e c\ld always rely1 ,g5]al ,janvi] & ,g5]al ,fevri]4 ,9 o!r words1 ,ni*olas ,i4 cynically allud$ to ! h>d%ip ( ! ,russian w9t]1 on :i* he c\nt$ to r$uce greatly by dea? ! armies ( ! ,allies 9 ! ,crimea4 ,b t[>d ! end ( ! w9t]1 ! ,emp]or himself di$ ( pulmon>y apoplexy1 aft] an attack ( influ5za4 ,9 a fla%1 ,lee* seiz$ ^u ! idea4 ,g5]al ,fevri] _h turn$ traitor4 ,"u ?is title1 ! c>toon 0 publi%$ by ,pun* 9 its issue ( ,m>* #aj1 #ahee4 ,g5]al ,fevri] 7,dea? 9 ! uni=m ( a ,russian g5]al7 is plac+ 8 deadly h& on ! brea/ ( ,ni*olas1 & ! icy cold ( ! ,russian w9t]--! ally 9 :om ! ,emp]or _h plac$ 8 tru/--has recoil$ ^u himself4 ,! tragic dignity & grim significance ( ?is c>toon made a deep impression ^u ,rusk91 :o reg>d$ x z repres5t+ 9 ! art ( c>icature :at ,hood's ,song ( ! ,%irt repres5ts 9 poetry4 ,! reception ( ! la/-nam$ woodcut1 he says1 0 9 sev]al respects a curi\s te/ ( mod]n feel+ 444 ,!re are "s po9ts to be regrett$ 9 ! execution ( ! design1 b ! ?\ght 0 a gr& "o2 ! memory ( ! ^w spok5 & ( its answ] c\ld h>dly 9 any m impressive way h be5 record$ = ! p2 & ,i believe t to all p]sons accu/om$ to ! e>ne/ =ms ( art x conta9$ a pr(\nd & t\*+ lesson4 ,! notable ?+ 01 h[ev]1 t x (f5d$ p]sons n 9 e>ne/1 & 0 l\dly cri$ out aga9/ by ! polite j\rnalism ( ,society4 ,?is fate is1 ,i believe1 ! almo/ inevitable "o ( ?or\ghly g5u9e "w 9 ^! days1 :e!r poetry or pa9t+2 b :at add$ to ! s+ul>ity 9 ?is case 0 t co>se he>tlessness 0 ev5 m (f5d$ ?an polite he>tlessness4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5ri ,ro*e=t & 8 ,lant]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,bro!rs 9 ,arms4 ,! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,troops 9 ,crimea4 ,z 0 b natural1 ! ,anglo-,fr5* alliance aga9/ ,russia is allud$ to 9 m ?an "o ( ,mr4 ,pun*'s ,crimean ,w> c>toons4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ is a draw+ by ,t5niel ( ,engl& & ,france typifi$ by two f9e specim5s ( ,gu>ds ( bo? nations /&+ back to back 9 fri5dly rivalry ( height1 & ,mr4 ,spielmann records 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,pun* t ! cut prov$ s popul> t "u its title ( ,! ,unit$ ,s]vice3 x 0 reproduc$ broadca/ on _m articles ( curr5t use & ev5 s]v$ z a decoration = ! backs ( play+ c>ds4 ,/ill ano!r c>toon1 entitl$ ,! ,split ,cr[ 9 ! ,crimea1 repres5ts ,engl& & ,france z two huntsm51 h>d on ! track ( a w\nd$ & flee+ two-head$ bird6 ,he's hit h>d6--foll[ him up6 exclaim$ ! huntsm54 ,9 a ,fr5* reproduction ( ?is c>toon1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 ,arm& ,dayot's ,le ,second ,empire1 ,cr[ is amus+ly translat$ z c\ronne 7cr[n71 & ! publi%]s ( ,pun* are giv5 z ,,mm4 ,breadburg1 ,agnew1 et ,cie4 ,ano!r c>toon ( ! same p]iod is call$ ,bro!rs 9 ,arms4 ,x %[s a ,briti% soldi] c>ry+ on 8 back a w\nd$ ,fr5* soldi]1 & a ,fr5* soldi] c>ry+ on 8 back a w\nd$ ,engli%man4 ,! two w\nd$ m5 are clasp+ h&s4 ,!re is no bett] evid5ce ( ! utt] de>? ( ,fr5* c>icature at ?is p]iod ?an ! fact t ,m4 ,dayot1 ^: indefatigable rese>* has br\ght toge!r a highly int]e/+ collection ( pictorial docum5ts ( all classes ^u ?is p]iod ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 c\ld f9d no?+ 9 ! way ( a c>toon 9 8 own c\ntry & 0 =c$ to borr[ f ,pun* ! few t he reproduces4 ,on ! o!r side ! ,russian c>tooni/s 7 by no means backw>d 9 record+ ! ev5ts ( ! w> & hold+ up ! ef=ts ( ! ,allies to pictorial d]ision4 ,! ,russian po9t ( view has come d[n to u 9 a s]ies ( excell5t pr9ts publi%$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg dur+ ! mon?s ( ! conflict4 ,9 ?is w>f>e ! ,russians may be said to h borr[$ f _! enemies1 = ?is s]ies is ess5tially ,fr5* 9 me?od & execution4 ,all ?r\gh ?is s]ies ,engl& & ,france are %[n buffet$ ab\t f pill> to po/ by ! ,conqu]+ ,be>4 ,a description ( "o ( ^! c>toons w give a fair g5]al idea ( ! entire s]ies4 ,sir ,*>les ,napi]1 at a d9n] giv5 9 8 honor 9 ,london j be=e ! dep>ture ( ! ,alli$ fleet = ,kron/adt1 has made ! fooli% boa/ t he w\ld soon invite 8 ho/s to d9e ) him 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,( c\rse ! fleet nev] rea*$ ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & ! ,russian arti/ satirically summ$ up ! situation by depict+ ,sir ,*>les at ! top ( ! ma/1 endeavor+ by ! aid ( a l>ge spy-glass to cat* a sight ( ! ,cz>'s capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,turkey1 ,john ,bull ,monsieur ,frog-,eat] 9 a ,bad ,fix4 ,an ,am]ican ,c>toon on ! ,crimean ,w>4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,among ! crude ,am]ican li?ographs ( ?is p]iod ! ,crimean ,w> 0 n =gott54 ,a r r>e c>toon1 entitl$ ,turkey1 ,john ,bull & ,m4 ,frog-,eat] 9 a ,bad ,fix1 is especially int]e/+ z an evid5ce t ,am]ican sympa?y dur+ ! w> 0 9 a measure on ! ,russian side4 ,! ,russian ,g5]al ,m5%ik(f is /&+ on ! heights ( ,seba/opol look+ d[n smil+ly & s]5ely on ! discomfit$ allies1 say+3 ,h[ d y d1 g5tlem58 ,v happy to see y4 ,y mu/ be tir$4 ,won't y walk 9 & take some?+8 ,john ,bull1 s]i\sly w\nd$1 is ly+ pro/rate1 bawl+ out3 ,come1 come1 ,turk1 no dodg+4 ,hulloa !re6 ,is t ! way y /ick to y\r fri5ds8 ,! coat ( my /oma* is ru9$1 my w9d ne>ly gone4 ,i won't be able to bl[ = a mon?4 ,pull me out ( ?is at any price6 ,! devil take "o p>ty & 8 dam ! o!r4 ,i am gett+ sick ( ?is bus9ess4 ,by 8 side is ! figure ( a ,fr5*man j hit by a cannon-ball f "o ( ! ,russian guns1 & cry+ out3 ,o6 ,by damn6 ,i n l su* treat4 ,i come t\s& mile & sp5d v] mu* money to take somet+ f wid y1 & y treat me z ,i vas van ,vill96 ,sc\ndrel6 ,robb>e66 ,9 clos+ ! subject ( ! ,crimean ,w>1 x is wor? :ile to call att5tion to "o curi\s phase ( ! w> z conta9$ 9 ! programme ( a !atrical ent]ta9m5t giv5 by ! ,fr5* soldi]s 9 ! tr5*es ( ,seba/opol1 ,decemb] #bc1 #ahee4 ,! programme is head$ ,! ,little ,comic ,review ( ! ,crimea4 ,x conta9s ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,t*]naia ,!at]1 :i* f\r days lat] is to pres5t ?ree dramatic pieces4 ,! draw+ is by ,luci5 ,salmont4 ,illu/ration3 ,programme ( a ,!atrical ,p]=mance giv5 by ! ,fr5* ,soldi]s 9 ! ,tr5*es be=e ,seba/opol4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,briti% ,lion's ,v5geance on ! ,b5gal ,tig]4 ,"o f9al e*o ( ! /ruggle 9 ! ,crimea is f\nd 9 ano!r ( ,t5niel's graphic animal pictures1 ,! ,briti% ,lion ,smells a ,rat1 :i* depicts an angry lion sniff+ suspici\sly at ! crack ( a door1 beh9d :i* is be+ held ! conf]5ce :i* foll[$ ! fall ( ,seba/opol4 ,b by f> ! mo/ fam\s in/ance ( ,t5niel's "w is 8 s]ies ( ,cawnpore c>toons1 ! s]ies be>+ ^u ! ,indian mut9y ( #aheg2 & "o ( ! f9e/1 if n ! v f9e/1 ( !m all is t entitl$ ,! ,briti% ,lion's ,v5geance on ! ,b5gal ,tig]4 ,x repres5ts 9 ! life "w ( ,t5niel :at ,g5]al ,fevri] ,turn$ ,traitor /&s = 9 ! life "w ( ,john ,lee*4 ,! subject 0 sugge/$ to ,t5niel by ,%irley ,brooks4 ,x summ$ up all ! horror & ?ir/ = rev5ge :i* animat$ ,engl& :5 ! news came ( ! trea*]\s atrocities ( ! ,sepoy rebels4 ,! ,cawnpore massacre ( wom5 & *ildr5 ord]$ by ! infam\s ,nana ,sahib _h tak5 place 9 ,june1 & :5 ?is c>toon appe>$ 9 ,pun*1 ,augu/ #bb1 #aheg1 ,engl& _h j s5t ?irty ?\s& troops to ,india4 ,9 ! picture ! ,briti% lion is spr++ at ! ?roat ( ! ,b5gal tig]1 :i* is /&+ ov] ! pro/rate bodies ( a woman & a *ild4 ,! tig]1 fe>ful ( be+ robb$ ( its prey1 is sn>l+ at ! av5g+ lion4 ,ano!r ( ! fam\s ,cawnpore c>toons ( ,t5niel is descriptive ( ,briti% v5geance on ! ,sepoy mut9e]s4 ,! ,engli% troops 7 simply wild = rev5ge :5 ! /ories came to !m ( ! atrocities :i* _h be5 p]petrat$ on ,engli% wom5 & *ildr51 & _! v5geance knew no b\nds4 ,! ,sepoys 7 bl[n f ! m\?s ( ! ,engli% cannon4 ,x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,engli% soldi]s to pile up a heap ( ,sepoys1 dead or w\nd$1 p\r oil ov] !m1 & !n set fire to ! pile4 ,! ,t5niel c>toon1 entitl$ ,ju/ice1 publi%$ ,septemb] #ab1 #aheg1 %[s ! figure ( ,ju/ice ) sword & %ield cutt+ d[n ! mut9e]s1 :ile beh9d h] are ! ,briti% troops work+ de/ruction ) _! bayonets4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fr5* ,porcup9e4 ,he may be an ,in(f5sive ,animal1 b he ,don't ,look l x4 ,no soon] _h ! ,engli%-,fr5* alliance aga9/ ,russia come to an end ?an ,pun* once m began to give expression to 8 disapproval ( ,napoleon4 ,a ho/ile _s t[>d ,fr5*m5 0 +ra9$ 9 ! v nature ( ,john ,lee*1 & he v5t$ x freely 9 su* c>toons z 8 celebrat$ ,cock-a-doodle-doo6 9 :i* ! ,fr5* cock1 clad 9 ! uni=m ( a colonel1 is cr[+ lu/ily ov] ! results ( a w> ( :i* ,great ,brita9 _h borne ! brunt4 ,or aga91 9 ,"s ,=eign ,produce t ,mr4 ,bull c v well ,sp>e1 a cut :i* includes ,fr5* conspirators1 vile ,fr5*wom51 organ-gr9d]s 7,mr4 ,lee* 0 abnormally s5sitive to /reet noises71 & o!r objectionable =eign refuse4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection to note t ,lee*'s ho/ility to ,l\is ,napoleon 0 ! direct cause ( ,?ack]ay's resignation f ! /aff ( ,pun* 9 ! w9t] ( #ahed4 ,9 ! lett] writt5 9 ! foll[+ ,m>*1 ,?ack]ay expla9s t he _h _h "s s]i\s diff]5ces reg>d+ ! editorial policy ( ,pun*1 & m specifically ab\t ! abuse ( ,l\is ,napoleon :i*1 he says1 ,i ?9k & ?\ght 0 writ+ unju/ly at t "t1 & dang]\sly = ! welf>e & peace ( ! c\ntry3 & he !n adds ! specific in/ance :i* prompt$ him to sev] 8 connections3 ,com+ f ,ed9burgh1 ,i b\ght a ,pun* conta9+ a picture ( a begg> on horseback1 9 :i* ! emp]or 0 repres5t$ gallop+ to hell ) a sword reek+ ) blood4 ,z soon z ev] ,i c\ld1 aft] my return1 ,i w5t to ,b\v]ie ,/reet & gave 9 my resignation4 ,?ack]ay's act _h no influ5ce ^u ! policy ( ,pun*4 ,lee*'s c>toons grew /eadily m incisive 9 "*4 ,"o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y is t kn[n z ,! ,fr5* ,porcup9e4 ,x repres5ts ,napoleon ,,iii4 z a porcup9e1 bri/l+ ) ,fr5* bayonets 9 place ( quills4 ,"o ( ,napoleon's favorite say+s 0 ,l',empire c'e/ la paix4 ,b ?is say+ 0 v (t5 contradict$ by ev5ts1 & ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( 8 occupation ( ! ,fr5* ?rone %[$ ,france embroil$ 9 ! ,crimean ,w> & ! w> ) ,au/ria4 ,9 prep>ation = ! latt] conflict a l>ge increase 0 be+ made 9 ! ,fr5* milit>y armam5t2 & ,lee* seiz$ ^u ! emp]or's dictum only to express 8 skepticism4 ,! c>toon appe>$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahei4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! idea 9 ?is c>toon _h previ\sly be5 us$ 9 ano!r call$ ,! ,puppet ,%[1 publi%$ 9 ,june1 #ahed1 depict+ ! ,cz> ,ni*olas 9 a mann] closely simil>2 yet ,mr4 ,spielmann1 :o notes ?is fact1 adds t ,mr4 ,lee* _h probably nev] se51 or else _h =gott51 ! e>li] c>icature4 ,?is ,fr5* ,porcup9e is cit$ z an in/ance ( ,lee*'s extraord9>y spe$ 9 execut+ a c>toon directly ^u ! wood5 block4 ,! regul> ,pun* d9n] _h t week be5 held a day late4 ,e mom5t 0 preci\s1 & ,lee* propos$ ! idea = ! c>toon1 drew x 9 two h\rs1 & caught 8 midday tra9 on ! foll[+ day1 spe$+ away into ! c\ntry ) ,john ,t5niel = _! usual ,saturday hunt4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is same ye>1 #ahei1 at ! close ( ! w> :i* humbl$ ,au/ria & =c$ h] to surr5d] ,v5etia to ,s>d9ia1 t ,lee* voic$ ! suspicion t ,l\is 0 ca/+ long+ eyes ^u ,italian t]ritory 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,a ,sc5e f ! ,new ,pantomime4 ,napoleon ,,iii1 "h figures z a cl[n1 a revolv] 9 8 h&1 a goose label$ ,italy protrud+ f 8 capaci\s pocket4 ,he is e>ne/ly assur+ ,britannia1 repres5t$ z a /\t1 eld]ly woman1 eye+ him suspici\sly1 t 8 int5tions are /rictly honorable4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,civil ,,& ,,franco-,,prussian ,,w>s ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,mexican ,,w> ,,& ,,slav]y ,9 ?is c\ntry ! political c>toon1 :i* practically began ) ,william ,*>les's p>odies ^u ,gillray1 develop$ 9 a fitful & spasmodic fa%ion until ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury4 ,_! basis 0 ! ,gillray gr\p ( _m figures1 & !y _h also mu* ( ! ,gillray co>s5ess & indec5cy1 ) a m9imum ( arti/ic skill4 ,!y 7 mo/ly li?ographs ( ! crude/ sort1 design$ to pass f h& to h&1 or to be tack$ up on ! wall4 ,x 0 n until ! fir/ adm9i/ration ( ,&rew ,jackson t a s*ool ( di/9ctly ,am]ican political c>icature c be said to h exi/$4 ,x 0 9 #ahdh t ! firm ( ,curri] ,ives1 ) an (fice 9 ,nassau ,/reet1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 began ! publication ( a s]ies ( campaign c>icatures ( suffici5t m]it to h be5 a s]i\s factor 9 influ5c+ public op9ion4 ,crude z !y are1 ^! li?ographs are exce$+ly int]e/+ to /udy 9 detail4 ,!y tell _! /ory v pla9ly1 ev5 ap>t f ! leg5ds inclos$ 9 ! huge balloon-l loops issu+ f ! lips ( ea* memb] ( ! gr\p--loops t sugge/ a grotesque resemblance to a soap-bubble p>ty on a l>ge scale4 ,!re is an amus+ /iffness ab\t ! figures4 ,!y /& 9 su* pa9fully precise attitudes t at a little di/ance !y might readily be mi/ak5 = "s antiquat$ fa%ion plates4 ,! faces1 h[ev]1 are 9 mo/ cases excell5t lik5esses2 !y are nei!r di/ort$ nor exagg]at$4 ,! arti/s1 :ile sadly beh9d ! times 9 reta9+ ! use ( ! loop :i* ,cont95tal c>tooni/s disc>d$ mu* e>li]1 7 9 o!r respects q up-to-date1 especially 9 adopt+ ! me?od ( ! eld] ,doyle1 ^: great contribution to c>icature 0 t ( draw+ absolutely fai?ful lik5esses ( ! /atesm5 he wi%$ to ridicule1 rely+ = ! humor ( ! c>toon ^u ! situation 9 :i* he plac$ !m4 ,x 0 only natural t ! ev5ts ( ! ,mexican ,w> %\ld h inspir$ a numb] ( c>toons4 ,"o ( ^! is entitl$ ,uncle ,sam's ,taylorifics1 & %[s a complac5t ,yankee coolly snipp+ a ,mexican 9 two ) a huge pair ( %e>s4 ,"o blade be>s ! inscription ,volunte]s1 & ! o!r ,g5]al ,taylor4 ,! ,yankee's left arm is label$ ,ea/]n ,/ates1 ! tail ( 8 coat ,oregon1 8 belt ,union1 8 left leg ,we/]n ,/ates1 & 8 "r leg1 :i* he is us+ vigor\sly on ! ,mexican1 ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & ! boot ,texas4 ,bel[ ! discomfit$ ,mexican yawns ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,beh9d ! ,yankee's back ,john ,bull--a ,john ,bull ( ! type introduc$ by ,william ,*>les dur+ ! ,w> ( #ahab--;is look+ on envi\sly4 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,edition ( ,macbe?--,bank-,oh's ,gho/6 #ahcg4 ,"o ( ! c>icatures inspir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank ,case4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,balaam & ,balaam's ,ass4 ,"o ( ! c>icatures inspir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank ,case4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,new ,map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! ,additional ,t]ritories on an improv$ ,plan4 #ahbh4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,am]ican ,/eeple*ase = #ahdd4 ,among ! v>i\s c&idates = ! ,presid5cy %[n 9 ?is c>toon are ,g5]al ,scott1 ,h5ry ,clay1 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 ,daniel ,web/]1 ,james ,bu*anan & ,m>t9 ,van ,bur54 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,am]ican national feel+ on ! subject ( ! ,european ,p[]s d]iv+ b5efit f ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia is illu/rat$ by a c>toon :i* %[s ! ,unit$ ,/ates ready to def5d h] possessions by =ce ( arms4 ,! v>i\s ,p[]s h cross$ ! sea & are v ne> to our coa/4 ,que5 ,victoria1 m\nt$ on a bull1 is 9 ! lead4 ,%e is say+3 ,oh1 de> ,alb]t1 don't y cry = me4 ,i'm (f = ,cali=nia ) my %ovel on my knee4 ,beh9d h] is ! figure ( ,russia1 say+3 ,z some?+ is ,bru91 ,i'll put 9 my paw1 :ile ! nations ar\nd me are mak+ a ,jaw4 ,l\is ,napoleon1 :o at ! "t _h j be5 elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5*1 is drawn 9 ! =m ( a bird4 ,he is fly+ ov] ! heads ( ,victoria & ,russia1 & s++3 ,z y h gold = all creation1 d5 please give "s to ,la ,gr& ,nation4 ,i h j become de ,presid5t1 & back ,i %all n l to w5t4 ,9 ! di/ance may be se5 ,spa91 & beyond ! ,unit$ ,/ates fleet4 ,along ! %ore /ret* ! t5ts ( an ,am]ican army4 ,om9\sly coil$ up on ! rocks is ! ,am]ican rattlesnake ) ! head ( ,presid5t ,taylor4 ,back ( ! camp is a batt]y ( ,am]ican guns direct$ by ! ,am]ican eagle1 :i* we>s ! head ( ,g5]al ,scott1 say+3 ,retreat1 y poor d----s6 ,nor a squabble eng5d]1 = our ,gold unto y we w nev] surr5d]4 ,"r ab\t face6 ,d\ble quick to ! re>6 ,& back to y\r keep]s all h&s ( y /e]4 ,illu/ration3 ,uncle ,sam's ,taylorifics4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mexican ,comm&] enjoy+ ! prospect opposite ,matamoras4 ,c ,i believe my spectacles8 ,d>e ^! ,nor!rn ,b>b>ians ?us insult ! magnanim\s ,mexican ,natian8 ,!y h tak5 ,texas--,!y grasp at ,oregon--,n[ !y lay _! rapaci\s h& on ,mexico6 ,god ,lib]ty6--:]e is my fri5d1 ,john ,bull8 ,am]ican c>toons ( ! w> ) ,mexico4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! ,presid5tial election ( #aheb 0 c>toon$ "u ! title ,great ,foot ,race = ! ,presid5tial ,purse 7#ajj1jjj & ,pick+s7 ,ov] ! ,union ,c\rse1 #aheb4 ,! ,:igs1 enc\rag$ by _! success ) ,g5]al ,taylor1 put =? ano!r milit>y (fic]1 ,g5]al ,scott1 z _! c&idate1 b 9 ?is c>toon ,daniel ,web/] is %[n to be well 9 ! lead & receiv+ ! plaudits ( mo/ ( ! spectators4 ,beh9d him is ,scott1 & a little way back is ,frankl9 ,pi]ce1 :o prov$ ! ultimate w9n]4 ,i c beat y bo?1 & walk 9 at t1 al?\gh y _h a hundr$ y>ds ! />t ( me1 is ,web/]'s conviction4 ,conf\nd ,web/]6 cries ,scott4 ,:at does he want to get "r 9 my way =8 ,if he don't give out1 or ,pi]ce don't fa9t1 ,i %all be beat54 ,no1 no1 old ,fuss & ,fea!rs1 retorts ,pi]ce1 y don't cat* ?is *ild fa9t+ n[4 ,i am go+ to make good "t6 ,:e!r ,i w9 or n1 ,legs1 d y\r duty4 ,illu/ration3 ,def5ce ( ! ,cali=nia ,bank4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,great ,footrace = ! ,presid5tial ,purse #ajj1jjj & ,pick+s ov] ! ,union ,c\rse #aheb4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,presid5tial ,campaign ( '#ef4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,no ,high] ,law4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,c>icature deal+ ) ! ,presid5tial campaign ( #ahef is repres5t$ by ! c>toon call$ ,! ,presid5tial ,campaign ( '#ef4 ,bu*anan1 :o prov$ ! successful c&idate1 is m\nt$ on a hide\s mon/] resembl+ a snake1 & m>k$ ,slav]y4 ,! mon/] is be+ :eel$ along on a l[1 flat c> drawn by ,pi]ce1 ,d\glas1 & ,cass4 ,a /> be>+ ! ^w ,kansas is ab\t to disappe> d[n ! mon/]'s ?roat4 ,9 ! di/ance ,fremont1 on horseback1 is call+ out3 ,hold on6 ,take t animal back6 ,we don't want x ?is side ( ! f5ce4 ,bu*anan is say+1 ,pull d[n t f5ce & make way = ! ,peculi> ,in/itution4 ,! f5ce 9 "q is ! ,mason & ,dixon's l9e4 ,! faces ( ,cass1 ,d\glas1 & ,pi]ce1 :o are draw+ along ! mon/]1 are oblit]at$--!y are absolutely =mless4 ,! evils ( slav]y f a ,nor!rn po9t ( view are %[n 9 a c>toon call$ ,no ,high] ,law4 ,k+ ,slav]y is seat$ on 8 ?rone hold+ al(t a la% & a *a94 ,"u 8 left elb[ is ! ,fugitive ,slave ,bill1 re/+ on ?ree human skulls4 ,daniel ,web/] /&s beside ! ?rone1 hold+ 9 8 h& ! scroll on :i* is pr9t$1 ,i propose to support t bill to ! fulle/ ext5t--to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,a runaway slave is fight+ (f ! bloodh\nds t are worry+ him1 & 9 ! di/ance1 on a hill1 ! figure ( ,lib]ty is toppl+ f h] p$e/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,practical ,illu/ration ( ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,disunion ,s]p5t4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! c>toon ,practical ,illu/ration ( ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law sums up v completely ,abolitioni/ s5tim5t on ! subject4 ,! slavehold]1 ) a noose 9 "o h& & a *a9 9 ! o!r1 a cig> 9 8 m\? & 8 top-hat decorat$ ) ! s+le />1 :i* 0 ! sign ( ! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy1 is a/ride ( ! back ( ,daniel ,web/]1 :o is crawl+ on all-f\rs4 ,9 ,web/]'s left h& is ! ,con/itution4 ,don't back out1 ,web/]1 says ! slavehold]4 ,if y d1 we're ru9$4 ,! slave-woman :o is be+ pursu$ has tak5 refuge ) ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 ( ! ,bo/on ,lib]ator1 :o is say+3 ,don't be al>m$1 ,susanna1 y're safe en\gh4 ,"o ( ,g>rison's arms is encircl+ ! negress's wai/1 at ! end ( ! o!r is a pi/ol4 ,9 ! back ( ! picture is ! ,temple ( ,lib]ty1 ov] :i* two flags are fly+4 ,on "o flag we read3 ,all m5 are born free & equal2 on ! o!r1 ,a day1 an h\r1 ( virtu\s ,lib]ty is wor? an ,age ( s]vitude4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,neglect$ ,,opportunities ,d[n to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican political c>icature is a hi/ory ( lo/ opportunities4 ,revolution & w> h always be5 ! great h>ve/ times ( ! c>tooni/4 ,gillray & ,r[l&son owe _! fame to ! ,napoleonic w>s2 ,philipon & ,daumi]1 to ! ov]?r[ ( ,l\is ,philippe2 ,lee* & ,t5niel rea*$ _! z5i? 9 ! days ( ! ,crimean ,w> & ! ,sepoy ,mut9y4 ,x is n ! election c>toon1 or ! t>iff c>toon1 or ! c>toon ( local politics1 x is ! w> c>toon t is mo/ widely hail$ & longe/ rememb]$4 ,yet ( all ! w>s 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 engag$1 n "o has giv5 bir? to a great satiric g5ius1 & none b ! late/1 our rec5t w> ) ,spa91 has receiv$ compreh5sive treatm5t 9 ! =m ( c>icature4 ,x is n /range t ! ,revolution>y ,w> & t ( #ahab fail$ to inspire any wor?i] ef=ts ?an ,william ,*>les's crude imitations ( ,gillray4 ,! me*anical processes ( pr9t+ & engrav+1 ! me?ods ( di/ribution1 ! /&>ds ( public ta/e1 7 all /ill too primitive4 ,! ,mexican ,w> 0 commemorat$ 9 a numb] ( ! popul> li?ographs ( ! day2 b x 0 n a prolong$ /ruggle1 nor "o calculat$ to /ir ! public m9d pr(\ndly4 ,) ! ,civil ,w> ! case 0 radically diff]5t4 ,"h 0 a /ruggle :i* ?reat5$ n only national honor1 b national exi/5ce--a /ruggle :i* prolong$ itself grimly1 mon? aft] mon?1 & 0 borne home to a great majority ( ,am]ican families ) ! =ce ( p]sonal trag$y1 array+ fri5d aga9/ fri5d1 & fa!r aga9/ son1 & (f]+ no bright] hope = ! future ?an ! vi/a ( a /eadily l5g!n+ dea?-roll4 ,!re 0 nev] a "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! nation :5 ! public m9d1 f "o end ( ! c\ntry to ! o!r1 0 9 su* a /ate ( t5sion2 nev]1 s9ce ! days ( ,napoleon1 _h !re be5 su* an opportunity = a real ma/] ( satiric art4 ,x seems amaz+1 z "o looks back ov] ! pictorial records ( ^! f\r ye>s1 t ! magnitude ( ! ev5ts did n galvanize into activity "s unkn[n g5ius ( ! p5cil1 & f\nd !n & !re a new s*ool ( ,am]ican c>icature comm5surate ) ! fev]-heat ( public s5tim5t4 ,! exi/+ s*ool ( c>icature seems to h be5 absurdly inadequate4 ,! prevail+ types 7 a sort ( fa%ion-plate li?ograph--gr\ps ( public m5 9 mildly humor\s situations1 _! features fix$ 9 ! solemn repose ( ! dagu]reotypes ^u :i* !y 7 probably model$2 or else ! conv5tional election /eeple*ase1 9 :i* ! conte/ants1 ) long1 balloon-l loops trail+ f _! m\?s1 sugge/ an absurd semblance to ! c[boys ( a ,wild ,we/ %[1 all engag$ 9 a va9 attempt to lasso & pull 9 _! own idle words4 ,_m ( ! c>toons actually issu$ at ! outbreak ( ! ,civil ,w> impress "o ) a s5se ( indecorum1 ( ill-tim$ levity4 ,:at 0 want$ 0 n ! ineptitude ( feeble humor1 b ! rancor & v5om ( a ,gillray1 ! /++ irony ( a ,daumi]1 ! grim dignity ( a ,t5niel4 ,& x 0 n =?com+4 ,! "o liv+ ,am]ican :o might h produc$ "w ( a high ord] 0 ,?omas ,na/2 b al?\gh ,na/'s p5cil 0 d$icat$ to ! cause ( ! ,union f ! beg9n+ to ! end1 9 ! s]ies ( p[]ful emblematic pictures t appe>$ 9 ,h>p]'s ,weekly1 8 "w z a c>icaturi/ did n beg9 until ! close ( ! w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,r\gh & ,ready ,locomotive aga9/ ! ,field4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,x is int]e/+ to conjecture :at ! great ma/]s ( c>icature w\ld h made ( su* an opportunity4 ,! issues ( ! w> 7 s cle>-cut1 _! e?ical significance s mom5t\s1 t an ,am]ican ,gillray1 a ,unioni/ ,gillray1 w\ld h f\nd mat]ial = a s]ies ( c>toons ( eloqu5t & grewsome p[]4 ,x is easy to imag9e :at =m !y w\ld h tak53 an ,uncle ,sam1 wri?+ 9 agony1 8 limbs %ackl$ ) ! *a9s ( slav]y1 8 lips gagg$ ) ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law1 sl[ly be+ sawn asund]1 :ile ,abolition & ,secession guide ! opposite ends ( ! saw1 or else ! ,am]ican ,eagle be+ worri$ & torn limb f limb by ,s\!rn bloodh\nds & /ung by copp]heads1 :ile ! ,briti% ,lion & ! re/ ( ! ,european m5ag]ie look on1 wi/fully lick+ _! *ops & ) difficulty re/ra9+ !mselves f p>ticipat+ 9 ! fea/4 ,su* a c>tooni/ w\ld h f\nd a m9e ( sugge/ion 9 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab92 he w\ld h cr[d$ 8 plates ) ,legrees & ,topsies1 ,uncle ,toms & ,sambos & ,quimbos1 fe>ful & wond]ful to look ^u1 brutal1 di/ort$1 & un=gettable4 ,illu/ration3 ,:at's ,sauce = ! ,goose is ,sauce = ! ,g&]4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,x is equally easy to imag9e :at a ,daumi] might h done ) ! mat]ial af=d$ by ! ,civil ,w>4 ,"s types ( faces seem to defy ! be/ ef=ts ( ! c>icaturi/--smoo?1 regul>-featur$ faces1 l t ( ,"l ,roseb]y1 ov] :i* ! p5cil ( satire seems to slip )\t leav+ any effective m>k4 ,o!r faces1 /rong1 rugg$1 sali5t1 seem to invite ! c>icaturi/'s ef=ts2 & ^! 7 ! types t pr$om9at$ among ! lead]s ( ! /ruggle = ! ,union4 ,daumi]'s g5ius lay 9 8 ability to c>icature ! human face1 to seize ^u a m9imum ( l9es & po9ts1 to cat* "s absurd semblance to an inanimate object1 "s symbolic sugge/ion4 ,& :5 once f\nd1 he w\ld h>p ^u x1 r++ all possible *anges1 keep+ x insi/5tly1 m]cilessly be=e ! public4 ,"o c fancy ) :at avidity he w\ld h seiz$ ^u ! /olid1 indomitable figure ( ,grant1 intr5*$ beh9d 8 big1 black1 ubiquit\s cig>4 ,t cig> w\ld h become ! c5t] ( int]e/1 ! port5t\s symbol ( ,grant's dogg$1 taciturn p]si/5ce4 ,gradually t cig> w\ld h gr[n & gr[n1 its ?ick5+ smoke spread+ 9 a d5se w> cl\d ov] ! :ole s]ies ( c>toons1 until f9ally x became ! black1 %9+ muzzle ( a cannon1 bel*+ =? ! p[d] & fire & ammunition t 0 to decide ! issue ( ! w>4 ,:at ,t5niel w\ld h done is evid5c$ by :at he actually did 9 ,pun*4 ,! great trag$ies ( ^? f\r ye>s1 ,gettysburg & ,bull ,run & ! ,battle ( ! ,wild]ness1 w\ld h be5 pictur$ ) ! tragic dignity t /amps 8 fam\s c>toon 9 :i* he commemorat$ ! assass9ation ( ,l9coln4 ,illu/ration3 ,na/'s ,fam\s ,c>toon ,peace4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,s\? ,,sec$es ,illu/ration3 ,virg9ia ,paus+4 ,9 view ( :at might h be5 done1 x is some:at exasp]at+ to look ov] ! actual c>toons ( ! w> z !y h come d[n to u4 ,ev5 :5 a clev] idea 0 evolv$ none seem$ to h ! clev]ness or ! ent]prise to develop x4 ,z all ! mod]n c>tooni/s realize1 no?+ is m effective ?an a well-plann$ s]ies4 ,x is l ! con/ant dropp+ t we>s away ! /one4 ,! mo/ pot5t pictorial satire has always be5 ! gradual elaboration ( "s clev] idea--! p]iodic reappe>ance ( ! same *>act]s 9 slightly modifi$ environm5t1 l ! successive *apt]s ( a s]ial /ory4 ,! public le>n to look =w>d to !m1 & hail ea* reappe>ance ) a r5ew$ bur/ ( en?usiasm4 ,! c>tooni/s ( ! ,civil ,w> d n seem to h grasp$ ?is idea4 ,a s+le example w s]ve z an illu/ration4 ,a clev] c>toon1 entitl$ ,virg9ia ,paus+1 appe>$ j at ! "t t ,virg9ia1 ! la/ ( ! ,/ates to sec$e1 jo9$ ! ,conf$]acy4 ,! sev]al ,s\!rn ,/ates1 repres5t$ z "y rats1 are gayly scamp]+ (f1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y sec$$1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a head+ ! procession4 ,virg9ia /raggl+ 9 ! re> f9ds h]self "u ! paw ( ,uncle ,abe1 repres5t$ z a wat*ful & al]t old m\s]1 & has paus$1 despite h]self1 to consid] h] next /ep4 ,! ,union1 p]sonifi$ z ! "m rat ( ! brood1 lies />k & /iff on h] back1 ) ! ,/>s & ,/ripes wav+ ov] h] corpse1 & und]nea?1 ! leg5d1 ,! ,union mu/ & %all be pres]v$4 ,n[ ?is idea ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates z a brood ( ,secession rats 0 capable ( inf9ite elaboration4 ,x might h be5 c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ! entire f\r ye>s ( ! /ruggle1 ! procession pres]v+ ! same significant ord]1 ) ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 ! lead1 ,virg9ia br++ up ! re>1 & ,l9coln1 z a wise & res\rceful m\s]1 ev] 9 pursuit4 ,x c\ld h %[n ! rats at bay1 corn]$1 entrapp$--9 %ort1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! w> 9 a =m ( g5ial allegory4 ,b if ! initial c>toon1 ,virg9ia ,paus+1 ev] _h a sequel1 x p]i%$ 9 ! g5]al wreckage ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s ,envelopes ( ! ,"t ( ! ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,long ,abe4 ,! welcome :i* await$ c>icature1 ev5 ( ! crude/ sort1 at ! outbreak ( ! w> is illu/rat$ by ! curi\s vogue enjoy$ by envelopes adorn$ ) all sorts ( patriotic & symbolic devices--an isolat$ tomb/one inscrib$ ,jeff ,davis alone1 a ,conf$]ate ,mule1 blanket$ ) ! ,/>s & ,b>s--a slave-own] va9ly br&i%+ 8 :ip & %\t+ to a runaway slave1 ,come back "h1 y black rascal4 ,! latt]1 safe )9 ! %ad[ ( ,=tress ,monroe1 defiantly places 8 ?umb to 8 nose1 & 9 allusion to ,g5]al ,butl]'s fam\s decision1 retorts3 ,c't come back1 noh[1 massa4 ,dis *ile's ,,contraban'4 ,x is n surpris+ to f9d t ,l9coln ?r\gh\t ! /ruggle 0 a favorite subject = ! c>icaturi/4 ,8 tall1 unga9ly1 loose-knit figure1 8 homely features1 full ( noble resolve1 seem$ to (f] a /&+ *all5ge to ! c>tooni/1 :o usually treat$ him ) indulg5t k9dness4 ,! exceptions are all ! m conspicu\s4 ,a case 9 po9t is ! c>toon commemorat+ ,l9coln's fir/ call = volunte]s = ?ree mon?s--a p]iod !n suppos$ to be ample = cru%+ out ! rebellion4 ,! arti/ has repres5t$ ,l9coln z ! image ( imbecilic dismay1 :ile a ,union soldi] ) a /]nly que/ion+ gaze rel5tlessly pres5ts to him a promissory note indors$1 ,i promise to subdue ! ,s\? 9 #ij days4 ,abe ,l9coln4 ,a mu* m typical & k9dly c>toon ( ,l9coln is ! "o repres5t+ him z emulat+ ! feat ( ,blond9 & cross+ ! rapids ( ,niag>a on a tight-rope1 be>+ ! negro problem on 8 %\ld]s1 & su/a9+ 8 equipoise ) ! aid ( a balanc+ pole label$ ,con/itution4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,promissory ,note4 ,! really clev] c>toons ( ?is p]iod are s few 9 numb]1 & /& out s prom95tly f a mass ( second-rate mat]ial1 t !re is real dang] ( atta*+ undue importance to !m4 ,su* a plate z ,! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy a ,fact6 ,ackn[l$g$ by a ,mighty ,pr9ce & ,fai?ful ,ally1 :i* 0 issu$ by a ,philadelphia publi%] 9 #ahfa1 al?\gh crudely drawn1 is "o ( ! v few t %[ ! influ5ce ( ! e>ly ,engli% s*ool4 ,x repres5ts ! ,devil & 8 assembl$ ,cab9et 9 solemn conclave1 receiv+ ! envoys ( ! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy4 ,! latt] includes1 among o!rs1 ,jeff ,davis1 ,g5]al ,beaureg>d1 & a p]sonification ( ,mr4 ,mob ,law1 ,*ief ,ju/ice4 ,!y are be>]s ( cr$5tials sett+ =? ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t1 z ,treason1 ,rebellion1 ,murd]1 ,robb]y1 ,inc5di>ism1 ,!ft1 etc4 ,satan1 int]e/$ 9 spite ( himself1 is murmur+ to 8 companions1 ,i am afraid 9 ,rascality !y w beat u4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,tight ,rope ,feat4 ,illu/ration3 ,at ! ,?rottle4 ,an effective allegorical c>toon1 :i* appe>$ at a "t :5 ! cause ( ! ,union seem$ almo/ hopeless1 pictures ,ju/ice on ! rock ( ! ,con/itution dress$ 9 ! ,/>s & ,/ripes & wav+ an ,am]ican flag t[>d a happi] sc5e1 :]e ! sun ( ,univ]sal ,fre$om is brightly %9+4 ,beh9d h] are hide\s sc5es ( disord] & national disa/]4 ,a loa?some s]p5t1 ( :i* ! head is call$ ,peace ,compromise1 ! body1 ,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e1 & ! tail ,copp]head1 is crawl+ up ! rock seek+ to de/roy h]4 ,9 "o ( its coils x is cru%+ out ! lives ( a numb] ( black wom5 & *ildr54 ,9 "o corn] ( ! c>toon ! figure ( a w+$ ,satan is hov]+ gleefully ov] a mob :i* is hang+ a negro to a lamp-po/--an allusion to ! ,draft ,riots 9 ,new ,york4 ,"s ( ! mob are be>+ bann]s ) ! words ,black ,m5 h no ,rights4 ,9 ! %ad[y backgr\nd ( ! picture a slavehold] is la%+ 8 slave1 ti$ to a po/1 ) a :ip call$ ,lawful ,/imulant4 ,an unctu\s capitali/ is talk+ ) a gr\p ( ,secessioni/s1 seat$ on a rock call$ ,/ate ,rights4 ,9 contra/ ) ! d>k picture on :i* ,ju/ice has turn$ h] back is ! bright vi/a ( ! future1 ,! ,union z x w be1 into :i* %e is look+4 ,!re we see a broad riv] & a prosp]\s city4 ,a negress1 free & happy1 is sew+ by h] cab9 door1 h] *ild read+ a book ^u h] knee4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,exp]t ,b>t5d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy a ,fact666 ,ackn[l$g$ by a mighty pr9ce & fai?ful ally4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,bright] ,prospect4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,! ,,f\r-,,ye>s' ,,/ruggle ,illu/ration3 ,:y don't ,y take x8 ,_m ( ! be/ c>toons ( ! p]iod revolve ar\nd ! rivalry betwe5 ,g5]al ,mc,clellan & ,g5]al ,grant1 & ! incid5ts ( ! ,mc,clellan-,l9coln campaign ( #ahfd4 ,! ,old ,bull-dog on ! ,"r ,track is "o ( ! be/ products ( ! w> c>tooni/s4 ,x repres5ts ,grant z a ?or\ghbr$ bulldog1 seat$ 9 dogg$ t5acity ( purpose on ! ,weldon ,railroad1 & prep>+ to fight x out on t l9e1 if x takes all summ]4 ,at ! end ( ! l9e is a k5nel1 label$ ,ri*mond1 & occupi$ by a pack ( lean1 c[>dly h\nds1 ,lee1 ,davis1 & ,beaureg>d among ! numb]1 :o are yelp+3 ,y a9t got ! k5nel yet1 old fell[6 ,a bellicose little dw>f1 ,mc,clellan1 is advis+ ! bulldog's ma/]3 ,uncle ,abraham1 don't y ?9k y _h bett] call ! old dog (f n[8 ,i'm afraid he'll hurt ^! o!r dogs1 if he cat*es hold ( !m6 ,to :i* ,presid5t ,l9coln s]5ely rejo9s3 ,:y1 little ,mac1 t's ! same pack ( curs t *as$ y abo>d ( ! gunboat two ye>s ago4 ,!y are pretty ne>ly us$ up n[1 & ,i ?9k x's be/ to g 9 & f9i% !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,old ,bull ,dog on ! ,"r ,track4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! cons]vative policy :i* m>k$ ! milit>y c>e] ( ,g5]al ,mc,clellan & 8 c&idacy = ! ,presid5cy 9 #ahfd is ridicul$ 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,little ,mac1 9 ,8 ,great ,two-,horse ,act1 9 ! ,presid5tial ,canvass ( #ahfd4 ,"h ,mc,clellan is pictur$ z a circus rid] ab\t to come to grief1 ow+ to ! unwill+ness ( 8 two /e$s to pull toge!r 9 h>mony4 ,a fi]y & /alw>t horse repres5ts w>2 :ile peace is depict$ z a wor?less & brok5-d[n hack4 ,little ,mac is say+1 ,curse !m balky horses--,i c't manage ! ,act noh[4 ,"o ?rew me 9 ,virg9ia1 & ! o!r is b\nd ! wrong way4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is ! figure ( ,l9coln attir$ z a cl[n4 ,y tri$ to ride !m two horses on ! ,p59sula = two ye>s1 ,mac1 he calls out1 b x w\ldn't "w4 ,ano!r /rik+ c>toon ( ?is ,presid5tial campaign depicts ! ,republican lead]s bury+ ! ,w> ,democracy4 ,! c>toon is call$ ,! ,grave ( ! ,union1 & 0 drawn by ,zeke4 ,! he>se is be+ driv5 by ,secret>y ,/anton1 :o comm5c$1 ,my jackasses _h a load1 b !y pull$ x ?r\gh bravely4 ,9 h>ness & atta*$ to ! bodies ( jackasses are ! heads ( ,co*rane1 ,butl]1 ,meagh]1 & ,dick9son4 ,at ! head ( ! grave1 a sort ( ma/] ( c]emonies1 is ! famili> figure ( ,horace ,greeley1 say+1 ,i guess we'll bury x s deep t x w nev] get up aga94 ,by 8 side is ,l9coln1 :o is inquir+1 ,*ase1 w x /ay d[n8 to :i* ,*ase replies1 ,my ,god1 x mu/ /ay d[n1 or we %all g up4 ,! fun]al s]vice is be+ conduct$ by ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 :o is c>ry+ a little negro 9 8 arms4 ,n ?y w1 ,o ,"l1 b m9e be done4 ,bee*] is read+ f ! book be=e him4 ,! c(f9s ab\t to be l[]$ into ! grave are m>k$ respectively ,free ,spee* & ,free ,press1 ,habeas ,corpus1 & ,union4 ,illu/ration3 ,little ,mac1 9 8 ,great ,two ,horse ,act1 9 ! ,presid5tial ,canvass ( #ahfd4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ c>icatures sugge/$ by ! conte/ betwe5 ,l9coln & ,mc,clellan = ! ,presid5cy ( #ahfd is entitl$ ,! ,abolition ,cata/rophe2 or1 ! ,novemb] ,sma%-up4 ,x is really no?+ m ?an ! old hackney$ idea ( ! ,presid5tial ,/eeple*ase pres5t$ 9 a new guise4 ,! arti/1 h[ev]1 prov$ himself to be a false prophet4 ,x %[s a race to ! ,:ite ,h\se betwe5 two tra9s1 9 :i* ! "o on :i* ,l9coln is s]v+ z eng9e] has j come to de/ruction on ! rocks ( ,emancipation1 ,confiscation1 & #djj1jjj1jjj1jjj ,public ,debt4 ,! tra9 9 ! *>ge ( ,g5]al ,mc,clellan1 its locomotive fly+ ! flag ,con/itution1 is runn+ along smoo?ly & rapidly & is j turn+ ! curve lead+ up to ! door ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,mc,clellan1 wat*+ f 8 cab ! discomfiture ( 8 foe1 calls d]isively1 ,w\ldn't y l to swap horses n[1 ,l9coln8 ,9 ! coa*es beh9d are ! elat$ pass5g]s ( ! ,democratic tra94 ,9 /rik+ contra/ is ! plight 9 :i* ! ,republican ,p>ty is %[n4 ,l9coln1 ?r[n up 9 ! air by ! %ock ( ! collision1 calls back to 8 rival1 ,don't m5tion x1 ,mac1 ?is rem9ds me ( a--an allusion to ! ,presid5t's fondness = illu/rat+ e argum5t ) a /ory4 ,f ! debris ( ! wreck ( ! locomotive pe] out ! faces ( ! firem5--two v black negroes4 ,"o is call+1 ,w>'s de re/ ob dis ole d>ky8 ,dis wot y] call 'mancipation8 ,& ! o!r1 ,lor' ,a'mighty6 ,massa ,l9cum1 is dis wot y] call ,elewat+ de ,nigg]8 ,! pass5g]s beh9d are 9 an equally unhappy /rait4 ,secret>y ,/anton1 p9n$ "u ! :eels ( ! fir/ coa*1 is cry+1 ,oh1 de>6 ,if ,i c\ld telegraph ?is to ,dix ,i'd make x out a victory4 ,among ! pass5g]s may be recogniz$ ! c\nt5ances ( ,bee*]1 ,butl]1 & ,sew>d1 :ile bl[n up 9 ! air is ,horace ,greeley1 call+ out to ,l9coln t ! disa/] only v]ifies ! pr$iction :i* _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! ,tribune4 ,popul> discont5t at ! unreliability ( news ( ! w> f\nd utt]ance 9 a skit repres5t+ ,l9coln z a b>t5d] occupi$ 9 concoct+ a mix$ dr9k1 call$ ,new ,york ,press1 :i* he is dext]\sly p\r+ back & =? betwe5 two tumbl]s1 label$ respectively ,victory & ,defeat4 ,! +r$i5ts are tak5 f bottles ( ,bunkum1 ,bo%1 ,brag1 & ,s(t ,sawd]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,grave ( ! ,union4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,abolition ,cata/rophe4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,blockade on ! ,connecticut ,plan4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,9 ! same s]ies z ! ,abolition ,cata/rophe is a c>toon entitl$ ,misceg5ation2 or1 ! ,mill5nium ( ,abolition1 int5d$ to depict ! possible al>m+ consequ5ces ( proclaim+ ! :ole color$ race free & equal4 ,x humor\sly depicts a sc5e 9 :i* !re is absolute social equality betwe5 ! :ites & ! blacks4 ,at "o end ( ! picture ,mr4 ,l9coln is receiv+ ) great w>m? & cordiality ,miss ,d9ah ,arabella ,aram9?a ,squa%1 a negress ( unprepossess+ appe>ance1 :o has z h] escort ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]4 ,at a table ne>by ,horace ,greeley is treat+ ano!r gorge\sly attir$ negress to ice cream4 ,two repulsive look+ negroes are mak+ viol5t love to two :ite wom54 ,a pass+ c>riage 9 *>ge ( a :ite coa*man & two :ite footm5 conta9s a negro family4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 ,engli%m51 ,fr5*m51 & o!rs are express+ _! a/oni%m5t at ! condition 9 :i* !y f9d ,am]ican society4 ,illu/ration3 ,misceg5ation4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,conf$]acy 9 ,petticoats4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! attempt at escape1 ! appreh5sion & ! inc>c]ation ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,conf$]acy are illu/rat$ 9 a long s]ies ( c>toons4 ,two ( ! be/ are ,! ,conf$]acy 9 ,petticoats & ,uncle ,sam's ,m5ag]ie4 ,! fir/ deals ) ! capture ( ,jeff]son ,davis at ,irw9sville by ,g5]al ,wilson's cavalry4 ,davis1 attir$ 9 fem99e dress1 is climb+ ov] a f5ce 9 ord] to escape 8 pursu]s4 ,he has dropp$ 8 h&bag1 b he /ill holds 8 un%ea!d knife4 ,i ?\ght y\r gov]nm5t 0 too magnanim\s to hunt d[n wom5 & *ildr51 he calls out to ! ,union soldi]s1 "o ( :om has caught him by ! skirts & is try+ to drag him back4 ,mrs4 ,davis1 by h] husb&'s side1 is entreat+1 ,don't irritate ! ,presid5t4 ,he might hurt somebody4 ,illu/ration3 ,uncle ,sam's ,m5ag]ie4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! c>toon ,uncle ,sam's ,m5ag]ie %[s ,davis 9 captivity at ,=tress ,monroe4 ,! ,conf$]ate presid5t is depict$ z a hy5a 9 a cage1 play+ ) a human skull4 ,an ,uncle ,sans ( ! smoo?-fac$ type 9 :i* he at fir/ appe>$ is ! %[man4 ,r\nd ,davis's neck is a noose connect+ ) a huge gall[s & ! rope is ab\t to be drawn taut1 :ile f an organ bel[ ! cage a musician is gr9d+ out ! /ra91 ,yankee ,doodle4 ,9 ! %ape ( birds p]*$ on little gall[s ( _! own above ! ,presid5t's cage1 ea* ) a noose ar\nd 8 neck1 are ! figures ( ! o!r lead]s ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,a cr[ is peck+ at a gr9n+ skull "u :i* is writt5 ,boo?4 ,to ?is skull ,uncle ,sam is playfully po9t+ ) 8 %[man's cane4 ,illu/ration3 ,protect+ ,free ,ballot4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,alleg$ ,republican intimidation at ! poles 9 ! election ( #ahfd is assail$ 9 a c>toon repres5t+ a ,union soldi] ab\t to ca/ 8 vote = ,mc,clellan4 ,a ?ick-lipp$ negro /&s gu>d ov] ! ballot box1 rifle 9 h&4 ,he pres5ts ! po9t ( ! bayonet at ! soldi]'s decorat$ brea/4 ,hallo1 d>6 he calls out ?reat5+ly1 y c't put 9 dat1 y copp]-head traitor1 nor any odd]1 'cept = ,massa ,l9coln4 ,to :i* ! soldi] sadly replies1 ,i am an ,am]ican citiz5 & did n ?9k ,i _h f\ght & bl$ = ?is4 ,alas1 my c\ntry6 ,a corrupt election cl]k is reg>d+ ! sc5e ) disquiet4 ,i'm afraid we %all h tr\ble if t soldi] is n all[$ to vote1 he says4 ,to :i* a companion cynically replies1 ,gammon him1 j turn r\nd2 y mu/ pret5d y see no?+ ( ! k9d go+ on1 & keep on c\nt+ y\r votes4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,nation ,m\rn+ at ,l9coln's ,bi]4 ,by ,t5niel 9 ,pun*4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,nations ,,& ,,m5 ,,9 ,,c>icature ,9 look+ ov] ! hi/orical & political c>icature ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 "o v naturally f9ds sev]al diff]5t me?ods ( treatm5t & subdivision sugge/+ !mselves4 ,fir/1 !re is ! obvi\s me?od ( *ronological ord]1 :i* is be+ foll[$ 9 ! pres5t volume1 & :i* comm5d$ itself z be+ at once ! simple/ & ! mo/ compreh5sive4 ,x is ! "o me?od by :i* ! hi/ory ( ! c5tury may be reg>d$ z ! annals ( a family ( nations--a grotesque family ( ill-assort$ quadrup$s & /ill m curi\s bip$s1 /epp+ =? two by two f ! pages ( comic art z f ! ?re%old ( "s mod]n ,noah's ark--,britannia & ! ,briti% lion1 ,columbia & ,uncle ,sam1 ,india & ! ,b5gal tig]1 ,fr5* ,lib]ty & ! imp]ial eagle4 ,x is ! "o me?od :i* focuses ! att5tion ^u ! int]-relation1 ! significant gr\p+s ( ^! symbolic figures1 & disreg>ds _! individual & isolat$ actions4 ,:at ! ,russian be>1 ! ,briti% lion1 are do+ 9 ! seclusion ( _! respective fa/nesses is ( va/ly less int]e/ ?an ! spectacle ( ! entire royal m5ag]ie ( ,europe unit+ 9 an ef=t to hold ,napoleon at bay4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is me?od enables u to pass lightly ov] que/ions ( purely national int]e/ & home policy--! ,corn ,laws ( ,engl&1 ! t>iff issues 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--& to keep ! eye c5t]$ ^u ! really big dramas ( hi/ory1 play$ ^u an int]national /age4 ,x subord9ates c>icature itself to ! sequ5ce ( great ev5ts & great p]sonages4 ,x is ! ,emp]or ,napoleon1 8 reign & 8 w>s1 & n ! ,engli% c>icaturi/ ,gillray2 x is ,l\is ,philippe1 ! b\rgeois k+1 & n ,philipon & ,daumi]1 :o =m ! c5t] ( int]e/4 ,9 o!r words1 f ! pres5t po9t ( view1 ! c>icature itself is n s mu* ! object look$ at z x is a p[]ful & clairvoyant l5s ?r\gh :i* we may behold pa/ hi/ory 9 ! curi\sly di/ort$ =m 9 :i* x 0 mirror$ back by contempor>y public op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,figures f a ,triumph4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,diagnosis4 ,a bad regime dur+ t5 ye>s4 ,all y\r tr\ble comes f t4 ,y w soon become convalesc5t ) a good con/itution & few] lee*es4 ,o!r me?ods1 h[ev]1 might be us$ effectively1 ea* (f]+ "s special advantage ( its own4 ,= in/ance1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! n9ete5? c5tury might be divid$1 s to speak1 geographically4 ,! sep>ate hi/ory ( ea* nation might h be5 foll[$ d[n 9 turn--! *ang+ =tunes ( ,engl&1 typifi$ by ,john ,bull2 ( ,russia 9 ! guise ( ! be>2 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! =ms ( ! sw>?y1 smoo?-fac$ ,jona?an ( e>ly days1 & ! pleasant] ,uncle ,sam ( rec5t ye>s2 & ( ,france1 typifi$ at diff]5t times z an eagle1 z a ,gallic cock1 z an angry goddess1 & z a plump1 pleasant-fac$ woman 9 a tricolor$ petticoat4 ,aga91 if x 7 desirable to emphasize ! developm5t ( comic art r ?an its influ5ce 9 hi/ory1 "o might gr\p ! sep>ate divisions ( ! subject ar\nd c]ta9 s*ools ( c>icature1 deal+ fir/ ) ,gillray1 ,r[l&son1 & _! fell[s among ! alli$ ,cont95tal nations2 pass+ !nce to ! c>icaturi/s ( #ahcj1 & !nce c>ry+ ! sequ5ce ?r\gh ,lee*1 ,*am1 ,t5niel1 ,na/1 d[n to ! c>icaturi/s :o 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! c5tury develop$ ! scope ( c>icature to a hi!rto unp>allel$ ext5t4 ,/ill aga91 ! hi/ory ( ! c5tury 9 c>icature might be trac$ along f "s peculi>ity1 greatly exagg]at$1 ( "s great man to ano!r p]sonal peculi>ity ( "s o!r great man3 leap+ f ! tri-corn]$ hat ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon to ! great nose ( ! ,iron ,duke1 !n on to ! t\pet & pe>-%ap$ c\nt5ance ( ,l\is ,philippe1 ! emaciation ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 ! gr&pa's hat ( ! ,h>rison adm9i/ration1 ! =ehead curl ( ,disraeli1 ! coll> ( ,glad/one1 ! turn$-up m\/a*es ( ! ,emp]or ,william1 & ! prom95t tee? ( ,mr4 ,roosevelt4 ,?is feature ( ! c>icature seems important en\gh to ju/ify a brief digression4 ,x =ms "o ( ! f\ndation /ones ( ! art1 second only 9 importance to ! conv5tionaliz$ symbols ( ! diff]5t nations4 ,f ! latt] ! c>tooni/ builds up ! c5tury's hi/ory z record$ 9 its great ev5ts4 ,f ! =m] he traces t hi/ory z record$ 9 ! p]sonality ( its great m54 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,eg]ean ,nymph4 ,illu/ration3 ,paul & ,virg9ia4 ,! c>toons 9 :i* ^! diff]5t peculi>ities ( p]sonal appe>ance are emphasiz$ cov] ! :ole range ( c>icature1 & ! :ole gamut ( public op9ion :i* inspir$ x4 ,"h we may f9d e degree ( malice1 f ! fi]ce goggle eyes & diabolical expression :i* ,gillray introduc$ into 8 portraits ( ! hat$ ,bonap>te d[n to ! h>mless exagg]ation ( ! coll> po9ts by :i* ,furniss good-natur$ly satiriz$ ! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,glad/one4 ,aga91 9 ?is respect c>icature v>ies mu*1 because all ! great m5 ( ! c5tury did n (f] to ! c>icaturi/s ! same opportunities 9 ! matt] ( unusual features or p]sonal ecc5tricities4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,conscript ( ,france4 ,! au!ntic portraits & contempor>y descriptions ( ! fir/ ,napoleon %[ u t he 0 a man ^: appe>ance 0 m>r$ by no p>ticul> ecc5tricity ( feature1 & t ! c>toons ( :i* he is ! pr9cipal subject are l>gely allegorical1 or inspir$ by ! arti/'s int5sity ( hatr$4 ,"o ,g]man c>icaturi/1 by a subtle di/ortion & a l5g!n+ ( ! *eeks & *91 introduc$ a resemblance to a rapaci\s wolf :ile pres]v+ some?+ ( ! real lik5ess4 ,b 9 ! goggle-ey$ mon/]s ( ,gillray !re is no?+ save ! hat & ! uni=m :i* sugge/s ! real ,napoleon4 ,x 0 a sort ( inc>nation ( ,beelzebub :i* ,gillray wi%$ to draw & did draw1 a mon/rosity design$ to r\se ! sup]/iti\s hatr$ ( ! ignorant & l[] classes ( ,engl&1 & to excite ! nation to a w>like fr5zy4 ,! c>icature aim$ at ,bonap>te's great rival1 ! conqu]or ( ,wat]loo1 0 produc$ 9 m peaceful times1 0 ! "w ( 8 own c\ntryman1 0 bas$ ma9ly on p>ty diff]5ces1 &1 naturally en\gh1 x 0 9 ! ma9 good-natur$ & k9dly4 ,well+ton 9 c>icature may be summ$ up by say+ t x 0 all simply an exagg]ation ( ! size ( 8 nose4 ,! poire drawn into resemblance ( ! c\nt5ance ( ,l\is ,philippe 0 orig9ally innoc5t en\gh1 & _h x be5 entirely ignor$ by ! mon>* & 8 m9i/]s1 w\ld probably h _h no political effect1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s be5 entirely =gott54 ,b be+ tak5 s]i\sly & *>act]iz$ z s$iti\s1 x acquir$ an exagg]at$ significance :i* may almo/ be said to h l$ to ! revolution ( #ahdh & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,second ,republic4 ,f ! ri* mat]ial (f]$ by our ,w> ( ,secession ! c>icaturi/s drew little m ?an ! long1 gaunt figure & ! scraggy be>d ( ,l9coln1 & ! cig> ( ,g5]al ,grant4 ,! possibilities ( ?is cig>1 z !y probably w\ld h be5 br\ght out by an arti/ l ,daumi]1 h be5 sugge/$ 9 an e>li] *apt]4 ,x 0 ! goatee ( ,l\is ,napoleon t 0 exagg]at$ to give a po9t to mo/ ( ! c>toons 9 :i* he 0 a figure1 al?\gh dur+ ! days ( 8 p[] !re 7 c\ntless c>icatures :i* drew sugge/ions f ! misadv5tures ( 8 e>ly life1 8 alleg$ exp]i5ces z a wait] 9 ,new ,york & a policeman 9 ,london1 8 escape f prison 9 ! clo!s ( ! workman ,bad+uet 7a "n :i* 8 political enemies appli$ to him v freely71 & ! fiasco at ,/rasburg4 ,no m5 ( _! "t 7 m freely c>icatur$ ?an ,disraeli 9 ,engl& & ,?i]s 9 ,france1 = no m5 (f]$ m to ! c>icaturi/1 ,disraeli be+ at once a ,jew & ! mo/ exquisite ( affect$ d&ies1 & ,?i]s be+1 ) ! exception ( ,l\is ,blanc1 ! smalle/ man ( note 9 ,france4 ,9 "o c>toon 9 ,pun*1 ,disraeli 0 figur$ z presid+ ov] ,fag9's ,political ,s*ool4 ,9 ano!r he 0 repres5t$ z a hide\s ,ori5tal p]i flutt]+ ab\t ! gates ( ,p>adise4 ,?i]s's l>ge head & dim9utive /ature are subjects ( c\ntless c>toons1 9 :i* he is %[n em]g+ f a w9eglass or conceal$ 9 a wai/coat pocket1 al?\gh ,pun* once humor\sly depict$ him z ,gulliv] b\nd d[n by ! ,lilliputians4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,situation4 ,by ,gill4 ,if "o 7 to attempt to draw a broad g5]al di/9ction betwe5 ,fr5* & ,engli% c>icature ?r\gh\t ! c5tury1 x w\ld be along ! l9e ( ,engli% sup]iority 9 ! matt] ( satiriz+ great ev5ts1 ,fr5* sup]iority 9 satiriz+ great m54 ,! ,engli% c>tooni/s triumph$ 9 ! art ( cr[d$ canvases & effective gr\p+s2 ! ,fr5* 9 seiz+ ^u ! sali5t feature ( face or =m1 & by a grotesque di/ortion1 a malici\s quirk1 fix+ ^u _! luckless subject a br& ( ridicule t refus$ to be =gott54 ,al?\gh ! fa%ion ( embody+ fairly recognizable portraits ( prom95t /atesm5 9 c>icatures became g5]al 9 ,engl& e>ly 9 ! c5tury1 = a long "t ! effect 0 m>r$ by _! lack ( facial expression4 ,f situations ( all sorts1 rang+ f high com$y to deadly p]il & poignant suff]+1 ! famili> features ( ,briti% /atesm5 look =? placid1 unconc]n$1 ) ! fix$1 imp]sonal />e ( puppets 9 a ,pun*-&-,judy %[4 ,no ,fr5* arti/ ev] ?rew away 8 opportunities 9 su* a fooli%1 sp5d?rift mann]4 ,ev5 :]e ! smoo?1 regul> features ( "s especially *>act]less face gave little or no?+ = a satiric p5cil to seize ^u1 a ,daumi] or a ,gill w\ld manufacture a ludicr\s effect ?r\gh ! famili> device ( a giant's head on a dw>f's body1 or ! absurdly di/ort$ reflection ( a cyl9drical mirror4 ,b by ! "t ho/ilities broke out betwe5 ,france & ,prussia facial c>icature _h become an important factor 9 ! ,briti% s*ool ( satire1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! weekly pages ( ,pun*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,outbreak ,,( ,,! ,,franco-,,prussian ,,w> ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,blanc4 ,illu/ration3 ,rival ,arbit]s4 ,napoleon & ,bism>ck at ! "t ( ! ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>4 ,by ,t5niel 9 ,pun*4 ,?is 0 v natural1 because ! hi/ory ( ^! ye>s 0 l>gely a hi/ory ( individuals4 ,dur+ ! ye>s betwe5 ! close ( ! ,civil ,w> & ! outbreak ( w> betwe5 ,france & ,prussia ! ?ree dom9ant figures 9 ,european political c>icature 7 ! ,fr5* ,emp]or1 ,pr9ce ,bism>ck1 & ,b5jam9 ,disraeli4 ,s9ce #ahdh1 ,l\is ,napoleon _h be5 ! mo/ widely c>icatur$ man 9 ,europe2 & ! outcome ( ! ,w> ( #ahff _h rais$ ,bism>ck1 z ! pilot ( ! ,prussian %ip ( /ate1 to an importance second only to ,napoleon himself4 ,! c>icature ( :i* ,disraeli 0 ! subject 0 necess>ily mu* n>r[] 9 its scope1 & conf9$ to a great ext5t to ,engl&4 ,x 0 n until ! c5tury's eigh? decade t he receiv$ full recognition at ! h&s ( ! ,cont95tal c>icaturi/s1 & 8 prom95ce 9 ! c>toons prec$+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> 0 due to ! pre/ige ( ,pun*1 & to ! opportunity :i* 8 own peculi> p]sonality & /rik+ appe>ance (f]$ to ! c>icaturi/s4 ,x 0 n long aft] ! fall ( ,ri*mond & ! end ( ! w> t ! agitation ov] ! claims ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ,engl& on acc\nt ( ! damage done by ! w>%ip ,alabama1 a "q :i* 0 n settl$ until a numb] ( ye>s lat]1 began4 ,! two p[]s = a "t c\ld n agree on any s*eme ( arbitration1 & ! condition ( affairs 9 ! autumn ( #ahfe 0 summ$ up by ,t5niel 9 ,pun*1 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,! ,disput$ ,acc\nt1 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl& are repres5t$ z two haggl+ wom5 & ,madame ,britannia is haughtily say+3 ,claim = damages aga9/ me8 ,nons5se1 ,columbia6 ,don't be mean ov] money matt]s4 ,b ,engl&1 z well z ,am]ica1 _h o!r matt]s besides ! ,alabama claims to di/urb h] & to keep busy ! p5cils ( h] c>tooni/s4 ,besides purely political issues at home1 !re 7 ! ,jamaica tr\bles & ,f5ianism3 & ! ,fr5* ,emp]or 0 v urg5t t /rong] extradition treaties %\ld be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,?is la/ issue 0 clev]ly hit (f by ,pun* 9 a c>toon :i* pictures ,britannia %[+ ,napoleon ! ,?ird a portrait ( himself z he appe>$ 9 #ahdh & say+3 ,t1 ,sire1 is ! portrait ( a g5tleman :om ,i %\ld h _h to give up to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t _h ,i always translat$ 'extradition' z y\r ,maje/y's lawy]s n[ wi%4 ,! agitation ov] ! ,jamaica tr\bles di$ out1 ! ?reat5$ ,f5ian invasion ( ,canada came to no?+1 ,l\is ,napoleon )drew ! ,fr5* troops f ,mexico1 & ! eyes ( ,europe 7 direct$ t[>d ! w> cl\d hov]+ ov] ,prussia & ,au/ria4 ,e>ly 9 ,june1 #ahff1 !re 0 a cessation ( diplomatic relations betwe5 ! two c\ntries1 foll[$ imm$iately by a decl>ation ( w> on ! "p ( ,prussia1 ^: armies /raightway ent]$ ,saxony & ,hanov]4 ,! attitude ( ,engl& & ,france t[>d ! bellig]5ts 0 ! subject ( ,pun*'s c>toon t week4 ,x 0 call$ ,hone/y & ,policy1 & %[s ,britannia & ,napoleon discuss+ ! situation1 :ile 9 ! backgr\nd ! ,prussian ,k+ & ! ,au/rian ,emp]or are %ak+ _! fi/s 9 ea* o!r's faces4 ,britannia confides regretfully to ,napoleon3 ,well1 ,i've done my be/4 ,if !y mu/ sma% ea* o!r1 !y mu/4 ,& ! ,fr5* ,emp]or says 9 a gleeful aside3 ,& someone may pick up ! pieces6 ,! same figure ( spee* is fur!r develop$ 9 a lat] c>toon :i* appe>$ 9 ,augu/1 dur+ ! negotiations = peace4 ,napoleon ,,iii41 9 ! guise ( a ragpick]1 is be+ w>n$ (f ! ,ko5ig/rasse by ,bism>ck3 ,p>don1 mon ami1 b we really c't all[ y to pick up any?+ "h2 & ,nap4 ! ,*iffonni] rejo9s3 ,pray1 don't m5tion x1 ,m'sieu6 ,x's n ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,man :o ,laughs4 ,by ,&re ,gill4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,man :o ,?9ks4 ,by ,&re ,gill4 ,illu/ration3 ,to be or n to be4 ,by ,gill4 ,illu/ration3 ,a*illes 9 ,retreat4 ,by ,gill4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,sad[a1 ,au/ria accept$ readily ! (f] ( ! ,fr5* ,emp]or to br+ ab\t a susp5sion ( ho/ilities1 ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria agree+ to c$e ,v5etia1 :i* 0 h&$ ov] to ,france1 z a prelim9>y to its cession to ,italy4 ,t5niel pictur$ ?is ev5t 9 a c>toon %[+ ,napoleon act+ z ! tempor>y keep] ( ! ,lion ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,bism>ck 0 n[ becom+ a conspicu\s figure 9 ,european politics1 & 8 rivalry to ,napoleon is %[n 9 a ,pun* c>toon entitl$ ,rival ,arbit]s1 :i* appe>$ ab\t ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,presid5t ( ,rhodes4 ,by ,daumi]4 ,! gr[+ _s ( discont5t 9 ,france dur+ ! ye> or two imm$iately prec$+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> 0 made ! subject ( "s excell5t ,pun* c>toons4 ,"o ( ^!1 call$ ,eas+ ! ,curb1 appe>$ 9 ,july1 #ahfi4 ,! imp]ial rule 0 gradually becom+ unpopul>1 & ! opposition ga9+ 9 /r5g? & boldness4 ,! ,emp]or f\nd x prud5t to ann\nce t x 0 8 int5tion to grant to ! ,fr5* ,*amb] a consid]able ext5sion ( p[]4 ,9 ,eas+ ! ,curb1 ,pun* depicts ,france z a horse draw+ ! imp]ial c>riage4 ,)9 are ! ,empress & ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial1 evid5tly greatly al>m$4 ,napoleon is /&+ at ! horse's head1 call+ out3 ,h no fe>1 my de>s4 ,i %all j drop ze curb a leetel4 ,9 ano!r c>toon a few mon?s lat]1 ,napoleon ! ,?ird is %[n we>+ ! cr[n ( ,k+ ,john1 & surr\nd$ by a gr\p ( p]si/5t b>ons1 sign+ a magna *>ta = ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,tempe/ 9 a ,glass ( ,wat]4 ,by ,gill4 ,9 ! pages ( ,pun* f ,july1 #ahgj1 until ! spr+ ( #ahga1 "o may foll[ v closely ! hi/ory ( ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> & ( ! ,commune4 ,! fir/ ( ! c>toons on ?is subject1 publi%$ j be=e ! decl>ation ( w>1 is entitl$ ,a ,duel to ! ,dea?4 ,9 x ! ,k+ ( ,prussia & ! ,fr5* ,emp]or are %[n z duelli/s1 sword 9 h&1 :ile ,britannia is endeavor+ to act z m$iator4 ,pray /& back1 madam1 says ,napoleon4 ,y mean well1 b ?is is an old family qu>rel & we mu/ fight x out4 ,pun* seem$ to h an e>ly premonition ( :at ! result ( ! w> w\ld be1 =1 be=e any decisive battle _h be5 f\ght1 x publi%$ a /rik+ c>toon entitl$ ,a ,vision on ! ,way1 repres5t+ ! %ade ( ! great ,napoleon confront+ ! ,emp]or & 8 son on ! w>pa?1 & bidd+ !m ,bew>e6 ,! dep>ture ( ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial to ! front is made ! subject ( a v pretty & pa!tic c>toon call$ ,two ,mo!rs4 ,x %[s ! ,empress bidd+ f>ewell to h] son1 :ile ,france1 z ano!r weep+ "m1 is say+3 ,ah1 madam1 a sure happ9ess = y1 soon] or lat]2 b !re 7 de> sons ( m9e :om ,i %all nev] see aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,duel to ! ,dea?4 ,by ,t5niel 9 ,pun*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,debacle ,illu/ration3 ,france1 ,septemb] #d1 #ahgj4 ,aux armes1 citoy5s1 ,=mez vos bataillons4 ,aft] ! unimportant engagem5t at ,sa>brueck disa/] began fall+ ?ick & fa/ on ! ,fr5* arms1 & soon we f9d ,pun* tak+ up aga9 ! idea ( ! two mon>*s z rival dueli/s4 ,by ?is "t ! duel has be5 decid$4 ,l\is ,napoleon1 sorely w\nd$ & ) brok5 sword1 is lean+ aga9/ a tree4 ,y h f\ght gallantly1 sir1 says ! ,k+4 ,may ,i n he> y say y h _h en\gh8 ,to :i* ! ,emp]or replies3 ,i h be5 deceiv$ ab\t my /r5g?4 ,i h no *oice4 ,) ,s$an1 ! d[nfall ( ! ,empire1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,republic1 ,france ceas$ to be typifi$ "u ! =m ( ,l\is ,napoleon4 ,h5ce=? %e became an angry1 blaz+-ey$ woman1 call+ ^u h] sons to rise & repel ! advance ( ! invad]4 ,! c>toon 9 ,pun* commemorat+ ,septemb] #d1 #ahgj1 :5 ! ,emp]or 0 =mally depos$ & a ,provisional ,gov]nm5t ( ,national ,def5se e/abli%$ "u ! ,presid5cy ( ,g5]al ,tro*u1 ) ,gambetta1 ,favre1 & ,jules ,f]ry among its lead+ memb]s1 %[s h] /&+ erect by ! side ( a cannon1 ! imp]ial insignia trampl$ b5ea? h] feet1 wav+ al(t ! flag ( ! ,republic1 & %\t+ f ! ,m>seillaise3 ,aux armes1 citoy5s1 ,=mez vos bataillons6 ,illu/ration3 ,h] ,baptism ( ,fire4 ,by ,t5niel 9 ,pun*4 ,illu/ration3 ,&re ,gill4 ,! ann\ncem5t t ! ,g]man royal headqu>t]s 0 to be remov$ to ,v]sailles1 & t ! palace ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 to %elt] ! ,prussian ,k+ surr\nd$ by 8 conqu]+ armies1 drew f ,t5niel ! c>toon 9 :i* he %[$ ! ,g]man mon>* seat$ at 8 table 9 ! palace /udy+ ! map ( ,p>is1 :ile 9 ! backgr\nd are ! gho/s ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ! great ,napoleon4 ,! gho/ ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que is ask+ sadly3 ,is ?is ! end ( 'all ! glories'8 ,! suff]+s ( ,p>is dur+ ! siege are summ$ up 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,g]many's ,ally1 9 :i* ! figure ( ,fam9e is lay+ its cold1 gaunt h& on ! head ( ! unhappy woman typify+ ! /rick5 city4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! bomb>dm5t 0 commemorat$ 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,h] ,baptism ( ,fire1 %[+ ! grim & bloody results ( ! fall+ ( ! fir/ %ells4 ,! :ole tone ( ,pun* aft] ! d[nfall ( ! ,emp]or %[s a gr[+ sympa?y on ! "p ( ! ,engli% p t[>d ,france1 & ! feel+ 9 ,engl& t ,g]many1 guid$ by ! iron h& ( ,bism>ck1 0 exact+ a cruel & unju/ p5alty entirely out ( proportion4 ,?is belief t ! t]ms dem&$ by ! ,g]mans 7 h>% & excessive is %[n 9 ! ,pun* c>toon ,excessive ,bail1 :]e ju/ice1 aft] li/5+ to ,bism>ck's argum5t1 says t %e _c sanction a dem& = exorbitant securities4 ,illu/ration3 ,le ,m>quis aux ,talons ,r\ges4 ,by ,willette4 ,! ,m>quis de ,galliffet w be rememb]$ z ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,w> dur+ ! second ,dreyfus trial4 ,x 0 ,willette's fam\s c>toon ( ,que5 ,victoria :i* /irr$ up s mu* ill feel+ dur+ ! ,bo] ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hi/ory ( a ,reign4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is has kill$ ,t4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,fr5* c>icature dur+ ! t]rible ye> :i* saw ,gravelotte1 ,s$an1 & ! d[nfall ( ! ,empire 0 necess>ily somb] & utt]ly lack+ 9 ,fr5* gayety4 ,x 0 n until ! tragic days ( ! ,siege & ! ,commune t ! =m] /rict c5sor%ip ( ! ,fr5* press 0 relax$1 & ! floodgates 7 sudd5ly op5$ = a v]itable inundation ( c>toons4 ,m4 ,arm& ,dayot1 9 8 admirable pictorial hi/ory ( ?is epo*1 :i* has already be5 frequ5tly cit$ 9 ! pres5t volume1 says 9 ?is connection3 ,x has be5 said ) inf9ite ju/ice t :5 art is abs5t f c>icature no?+ rema9s b vulg>ity4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 "o ne$s only to glance ?r\gh ! albums conta9+ ! c\ntless c>toons t appe>$ dur+ ! ,siege1 & m especially dur+ ! ,commune4 ,aside f ^? sign$ by ,daumi]1 ,*am1 ,&re ,gill1 & a few o!r less fam\s arti/s1 !y are unclean compositions1 )\t design or wit1 odi\s 9 color1 ! gross /upidity ( _! leg5ds rival+ _! lam5table pov]ty ( execution4 ,b "u ! lead]%ip ( ,daumi]1 ! small gr\p ( arti/s :o infus$ _! g5ius into ! weekly pages ( ,*>iv>i1 made ^! tragic mon?s "o ( ! fam\s p]iods 9 ! annals ( ,fr5* c>icature4 ,( ! e>li] g5]ation1 ! irrepressible gr\p ^: mordant irony _h ha/5$ ! d[n fall ( ,l\is ,philippe1 ,daumi] alone surviv$ to *ronicle by 8 p5cil ! disa/]s :i* befell ,france1 ) a tal5t z great z he _h possess$ ?irty-odd ye>s be=e1 :5 engag$ 9 8 light-he>t$ & malici\s campaign aga9/ ! augu/ p]son ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,!n !re 7 ! illu/ri\s ,*am 7,comte de ,noe71 & ,&re ,gill 7a c>icaturi/ ( /rik+ wit71 ,hadol1 ,de ,b]tall1 ,de ,pilopel1 ,fau/91 ,dran]1 & a numb] ( o!rs n s well kn[n4 ,b1 above all1 x 0 ,daumi] :o1 aft] tw5ty ye>s ( ! ,empire1 dur+ :i* 8 p5cil _h be5 politically idle1 return$ 9 8 old age to ! fray ) all ! vigor ( ! be/ days ( ,la ,c>icature4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,m\se-,trap & its ,victims4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,prussia ,annexes ,alsace4 ,by ,*am 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,oh1 no6 ,prussia has n completely sla9 h]4 ,x is n yet "t to g to h] aid4 ,by ,*am 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,adieu6 ,no1 'au revoir4' ,visits mu/ be return$4 ,by ,*am4 ,yet to ^? ^: sympa?ies 7 ) ,france dur+ ! /ruggle ( #ahgj-ga1 !re is a di/9ct pa?os 9 ! *ange t is se5 9 ! lat] "w ( ,daumi]--n a p]sonal pa?os1 b a pa?os due to ! *ang$ condition ( ! c\ntry :i* x reflects4 ,! old dauntless audacity1 ! tr5*ant s>casm1 ! mock+1 light-he>t$ laught]1 is gone4 ,9 its place is ! haunt+ bitt]ness ( an old man1 "u ! burd5 ( an impot5t wra?--a man :o1 = all t he dips 8 p5cil 9 pure vitriol1 _c d ju/ice to ! nightm>e visions t beset him4 ,!re is no bett] comm5t>y ^u ! p]vad+ feel+ ( helpless ang] & outrag$ national pride ( ?is epo* ?an 9 ^! haunt+ designs ( ,daumi]'s4 ,!y are ! "w ( a man tremul\s ) fev]i% indignation1 weird & gha/ly conceptions1 su* z might h emanat$ f ! caldron ( ,macbe?'s wit*es4 ,! backgr\nds are fill$ 9 ) solid black1 l a fun]al pall2 & f out ! d>kness ! features ( ,bism>ck1 ( ,von ,moltke1 ( ,william ,i41 le] malevol5tly1 di/ort$ into hide\s1 gh\li% figures--vampires fea/+ ^u ! ru9 !y h wr\ght4 ,fr5* lib]ty1 9 ! guise ( a wan1 emaciat$1 despair+ figure1 ! p]sonification ( a wrong$ & outrag$ womanhood1 haunts ,daumi]'s pages4 ,at "o "t %e is /&+1 b\nd & gagg$1 betwe5 ! gap+ muzzles ( two cannon m>k$1 respectively1 ,p>is1 #ahea1 & ,s$an1 #ahgj1 & und]nea? ! laconic leg5d1 ,hi/oire d'un ,regne4 ,illu/ration3 ,s\v5irs & ,regrets4 ,by ,ar&a4 ,ano!r c>toon %[s ,france z a female ,prome!us b\nd to ! rock1 h] vitals be+ torn by ! ,g]manic vulture4 ,a numb] ( ^! c>toons1 all ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,la ,*>iv>i1 treat bitt]ly ( ! disa/r\s results ( ! tw5ty ye>s dur+ :i* ,l\is ,napoleon 0 ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! sket* call$ ,?is ,has ,kill$ ,t has allusion to ! popul> ballot :i* elect$ ! ,pr9ce-,presid5t to ! ?rone4 ,a gaunt1 angry female figure is po9t+ ) "o h& to ! ballot-box1 9 :i* repose ! ,ours :i* made ,l\is ,napoleon an ,emp]or1 & ) ! o!r to ! corpses on ! battlefield :]e ! sun ( 8 empire f9ally sets4 ,?is1 %e cries1 has kill$ t4 ,! same idea sugge/$ a some:at simil> c>toon1 9 :i* a ,fr5* peasant1 gaz+ at ! %ell-batt]$ ru9s ( 8 humble home1 exclaims 9 ! peasant's ungrammatical patois3 ,& x 0 = ?is t ,i vot$ ',yes4' ,/ill m grim & om9\s is ! c>toon %[+ a huge m\se-trap ) ?ree holes4 ,! m\se-trap repres5ts ! ,plebiscite4 ,two ( ! holes1 m>k$ respectively1 #ahea & #ahgj1 h be5 sprung1 & ea* has caught ! ?roat ( a victim4 ,! ?ird1 h[ev]1 /ill yawns op5 w>n+ly1 ) ! date n completely fill$ 94 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,%[ ( ! ,napoleonic ,m\ntebanks4 ,f a c>icature by ,hadol4 ,illu/ration3 ,prussia introduc+ ! ,new ,national ,assembly to ,france4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,let ,u eat ! ,prussian4 ,by ,&re ,gill4 ,/ill ano!r c>toon1 ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ,daumi]'s lat] mann]1 is ,! ,dream ( ,bism>ck1 "o :i* t\*es ^u ! idea :i* has be5 us$ allegorically 9 connection ) e great conqu]or ^: wake is m>k$ by ! /rewn corpses ( fall5 ?\s&s4 ,9 x ,bism>ck1 frightfully hagg>d & gha/ly ( c\nt5ance1 is sleep+ 9 8 *air1 :ile at 8 side is ! grim figure ( ,dea? be>+ a huge sickle & po9t+ out ov] ! bloody battlefield4 ,( ! y\ng] gr\p ( c>tooni/s none is m closely connect$ ) ! ev5ts ( ! annee t]rible ?an ,*am1 ! ,comte de ,noe4 ,! "n ,noe1 x w be rememb]$1 is ,fr5* = ,noah1 j z ,*am is ! ,fr5* equival5t ( ,ham1 second son ( ! patri>* ( ,scripture4 ,! ,comte de ,noe 0 also second son ( 8 fa!r1 h5ce ! appropriat5ess ( 8 pseudonym4 ,z a c>icaturi/1 ,*am 0 animat$ by no su* s]i\sness ( purpose z =m$ ! inspiration ( ,daumi]2 & ?is 0 :y he nev] became a really great c>icaturi/4 ,x 0 ! humor\s side ( life1 ev5 ( ! trag$ies ( life1 t appeal$ to him1 & he reflect$ x back ) an incisive droll]y :i* 0 irresi/ible4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ rapid & indu/ri\s ( work]s1 & f\nd 9 ! ev5ts ( l'annee t]rible ! inspiration ( a va/ numb] ( c>toons4 ,! loot+ prop5sities ( ! ,prussians 7 satiriz$ 9 a sket* %[+ two ,prussian (fic]s look+ gre$ily at a clock on ! mantelpiece 9 a ,fr5* *ateau4 ,let u take ! clock4 ,b peace has already be5 sign$4 ,no matt]4 ,don't y see ! clock is sl[8 ,! ,g]man acquisition ( ! ,rh5i% prov9ces is summ$ up 9 a picture :i* %[s a ,g]man (fic] atta*+ to 8 leg a *a91 at ! end ( :i* is a huge ball m>k$ ,alsace4 ,! siege hav+ turn$ e ,p>isian into a nom9al soldi]1 ?is condition ( affairs is hit (f by ,*am 9 a c>toon und]nea? :i* is writt53 ,ev]ybody be+ soldi]s1 ! (fic]s w h ! "r to put ?r\gh ! paces anyone :om !y meet 9 ! /reets4 ,! sket* %[s a cook 9 ! usual cul9>y co/ume1 & be>+ on 8 head a flat basket fill$ ) kettles & pans1 m>k+ "t at ! comm& ( an (fic]4 ,! attitude ( ,engl& dur+ ! w> seem$ to ! c>icaturi/ p]fidi\s1 aft] ! practical aid :i* ,france _h r5d]$ ,albion 9 ! ,crimea4 ,*am hits ?is (f by repres5t+ ! two nations z wom51 ,britannia look+ ironically at pro/rate ,france & say+3 ,oh1 no6 ,prussia has n yet entirely kill$ h]6 ,s x is n yet "t to g to h] aid4 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,design = a ,h& ,bell propos$ by ,*>iv>i = ! ,purpose ( ,rem9d+ ! ,assembly t ,prussian ,troops /ill hold ,fr5* ,t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,g]many3 ,f>ewell1 ,madame1 & if-- ,france3 ,ha6 ,we %all meet aga96 ,! /atesm5 & w>riors ( t p]iod 7 v happily c>icatur$ 9 a s]ies ( c>toons1 mo/ ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,l',eclipse4 ,gill excell$ 9 8 c>icature ( individual m5 r ?an 9 ! c>icature ( ev5ts or gr\ps4 ,8 real "n 0 ,l\is ,alex&re ,gosset4 ,he 0 born at ,l&\zy-li-,ville1 ,octob] #ai1 #ahdj1 & di$ 9 ,p>is1 ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhe4 ,?i]s1 ,gambetta1 ,l\is ,blanc1 all ! m5 ( ! "t1 7 hit (f by 8 p5cil4 ,8 me?od 9 mo/ cases consi/$ ( ! grotesque exagg]ation ( ! subject's head at ! exp5se ( ! body4 ,he 0 especially happy 9 8 c>icature ( ,?i]s1 ^: dim9utive size1 z well z 8 great importance1 made him a favorite subject = ! c>tooni/4 ,?i]s z ,hamlet soliloquiz+1 ,to be or n to be2 ,?i]s z ,! ,man ,:o ,laughs2 ! head ( ,?i]s pe]+ ov] ! rim ( a glass1 ,a tempe/ 9 a glass ( wat]2 ,?i]s z ! fir/ conscript ( ,france2 ,?i]s z ,a*illes 9 retreat--all ^! & c\ntless o!rs are f ! p5cil ( ,gill4 ,illu/ration3 ,bism>ck ! ,fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,tro*u--#ahgj4 ,a /rik+ satirical sket* by ,hadol1 entitl$ ,la ,p>ade1 sums up all ! buffoon]ies ( ! ,second ,empire4 ,9 x ! ,duc de ,morny z ! b>k+ %[man is viol5tly invit+ ! populace to ent] & inspect ! wond]s ( ! ,!atre ,bad+uet4 ,bad+uet1 z said be=e1 0 ! "n ( ! workman 9 ^: clo!s ,l\is ,napoleon 0 said to h escap$ f 8 imprisonm5t at ,ham2 & ?r\gh\t ! ,second ,empire x 0 ! "n by :i* ! ,p>isians malici\sly allud$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,beh9d ,de ,morny 9 ! c>toon are ! ,emp]or & ,empress1 seat$ at ! ca%i]'s desk at ! entrance ( ! !at] to take 9 ! money ( ! dupes :om ,de ,morny c p]suade to ent]4 ,to ! "r & left1 9 grotesque attire1 are ! actors ( ! %[1 repres5t+ ! v>i\s /atesm5 & soldi]s ^: names 7 connect$ ) ! reign4 ,illu/ration3 ,baza9e4 ,by ,fau/94 ,illu/ration3 ,ro*e=t4 ,popul> hatr$ ( ,m>%al ,baza9e aft] ! surr5d] ( ,metz1 bas$ on ! preval5t belief t he _h sold ! city & ! army "u 8 comm& to ! ,g]mans1 f9ds pictorial expression 9 ! grim c>toon by ,fau/91 reproduc$ "h4 ,! arti/ has cunn+ly drawn into ! features ( ! ,m>%al an expression ( unutt]able craft & trea*]y4 ,r\nd 8 neck !re has be5 flung :at at ! fir/ glance seems l a decoration ( honor1 an impression /r5g!n$ by ! cross & inscription on 8 brea/4 ,b z y look m closely y p]ceive t ?is decoration is susp5d$ f ! noose ( ! hangman's rope1 & t ! words ,au ,m>e*al ,baza9e--,la ,france ,reconnaissante h ano!r & a deep] significance4 ,! def5d] ( ! city ( ,p>is1 ,g5]al ,tro*u1 0 g5ially c>icatur$ by ,&re ,gill 9 ,l',eclipse z a blan*isseuse indu/ri\sly iron+ out ! dirty l95 ( ,france4 ,h[ev] great 8 popul>ity 0 at ! "t1 ,tro*u has by no means escap$ subsequ5t criticism4 ,to him ! resi/ance ( ,p>is seem$ no?+ b an h]oic folly1 & he _h no hesitation ab\t proclaim+ 8 op9ion4 ,ano!r exce$+ly happy c>icature by ,&re ,gill 0 t repres5t+ ,h5ri ,ro*e=t1 ! implacable enemy ( ,l\is ,napoleon1 z a memb] ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,national ,def5se4 ,"h ,ro*e=t's head is %[n pe]+ out ( ! m\? ( a cannon project+ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! city's =tifications4 ,illu/ration3 ,entree ,sol5nelle de l',emp]eur d',allemagne a ,p>is4 7,c>icature de ,felix ,regamey47 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,c5tury ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,am]ican ,,c>icature ,dur+ ! p]iod cov]$ by ! pres5t *apt] ! f\ndation ( ! two lead+ ,am]ican comic weeklies1 ,puck & ,judge1 ! =m] 9 #ahgg & ! latt] 9 #ahha1 l$ to a di/9ct advance 9 political c>icature 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x also made x possible = ! fir/ "t to draw an intellig5t comp>ison betwe5 ! t5d5cies ( c>icature 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica4 ,no "o c look ov] ! e>ly files ( ,puck & ,judge & comp>e !m ) ,pun* = ! correspond+ ye>s )\t be+ /ruck ) ! contra/1 n m]ely 9 me?ods ( draw+ & pr9t+1 b 9 ! :ole und]ly+ _s4 ,= ! pa/ half c5tury ,pun* has adh]$ fai?fully to its orig9al attitude ( neutrality ^u que/ions ( p>ty politics4 ,its aim has be5 to repres5t ! weight ( public op9ion 9 a sob] & cons]vative _s2 to disc\nt5ance & rebuke ! excesses ( :i*ev] p>ty is 9 p[]2 to commemorate ! great national calamities1 z well z ! occasions ( national rejoic+s4 ,if x some:at ov]/epp$ its e/abli%$ b\nds 9 its repeat$ attacks ^u ,"l ,beaconsfield because 8 =eign policy 0 reg>d$ ) di/ru/1 x made am5ds ) an eloqu5t tribute at ! "t ( t /atesman's dea?4 ,& if on "o occasion x c>toon$ him 9 ! guise ( ! melan*oly ,dane1 ) broad imp>tiality x trave/i$ 8 great rival1 ,glad/one1 a mon? or two lat]1 9 precisely ! same "*4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 ! ,engli% c>toons are n s di/9ctly popul> 9 tone z ^? 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! und]ly+ ?\ght is apt to be m cultur$1 m booki%1 s to speak2 to take ! =m ( p>odies ^u ,%aksp]e & ,dante1 ,dick5s & ,scott4 ,& yet1 tak+ !m all 9 all1 x w\ld be difficult to po9t out any p>allel s]ies ( c>toons :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( ye>s1 require s little explanation to make !m intelligible1 or :i* cov] 9 s compreh5sive a mann] ! curr5t hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>an d',a*e4 ,illu/ration3 ,gulliv] ,crispi4 ,f ,il ,papagallo 7,rome74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! typical ,am]ican c>toon ( a g5]ation ago conc]n$ itself b little ) que/ions ( int]national int]e/1 :ile 9 its treatm5t ( dome/ic affairs x 0 l>gely lack+ 9 ! dignity & re/ra9t :i* *>act]iz$ ! ,briti% s*ool4 ,be+ f\nd$ ^u p>ty politics1 its purpose 0 prim>ily n to reflect public op9ion1 b to mold x2 to make political capital2 to w9 votes by fair means1 if possible1 b to w9 !m4 ,f _! v inception ,puck & ,judge1 z ! m\?pieces ( _! respective p>ties1 h ex]t$ a =midable p[]1 ^: f>-rea*+ influ5ce x w\ld be impossible to gauge1 especially dur+ ! febrile p]iods ( ! ,presid5tial campaigns4 ,at ^! times ! animosity %[n 9 "s ( ! c>toons seems r surpris+1 :5 look$ at f ! sob] vantage gr\nd ( lat] ye>s4 ,political molehills 7 exagg]at$ into m\nta9s1 & ev5 ^? elem5ts ( vulg> vitup]ation & *eap p]sonal abuse--features ( political campaigns :i* we are happily outgr[+--7 eag]ly seiz$ ^u = ! purpose ( pictorial satire4 ,! peculi> bitt]ness :i* m>k$ ! memorable campaign betwe5 ,mr4 ,clevel& & ,mr4 ,bla9e 9 #ahhd 0 /rongly mirror$ 9 ! political c>icature ( ! "t4 ,x m>k$ ! highwat] l9e ( ! elem5t ( purely p]sonal abuse 9 comic art4 ,9 ! end ! extreme measures to :i* ea* ( ! rival p>ties resort$ dur+ t ye> _h v b5eficial effects1 = aft] ! election ! nation1 9 calm] mood1 grew a%am$ at ! ?\ght ( its viol5ce & bitt]ness1 & subsequ5t campaigns h consequ5tly be5 mu* m free f ^! objectionable features4 ,mr4 ,h>rison1 ,mr4 ,bryan1 ,mr4 ,mc,kinley1 & ,mr4 ,roosevelt h all be5 assail$ f _m diff]5t po9ts4 ,b we are no long] 9 ! mood to tol]ate attempts to rake up alleg$ p]sonal sc&als & to use !m 9 ! pamphlet & ! c>toon4 ,en\gh ( ?is 0 done by bo? p>ties 9 #ahhd to la/ u = at lea/ a g5]ation4 ,!re are c>toons :i* appe>$ 9 ,puck & ,judge :i* ev5 at ?is day we %\ld n ?9k ( repr9t+1 & :i* ! publications conta9+ !m & ! arti/s :o drew !m w\ld probably l to =get4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bia4 ,c>icature de ,gill4 7,eclipse1 #ai octobre #ahgc47 ,nev]!less1 to ! close /ud5t ( political hi/ory !re is 9 ! ,am]ican c>toon ( ?is p]iod1 ) all its flamboyant color+s1 its reckless exagg]ation1 its pu]ile animosity1 mat]ial :i* ! m sob] & dignifi$ ,briti% c>toon does n (f]4 ,x does n sum up s adequately ! sob] second ?\ght ( ! nation1 b x does keep u 9 t\* ) ! *ang+ mood ( popul> op9ion1 its v>y+ pulse-beat f h\r to h\r4 ,to glance ov] ! old files ?r\gh\t any "o ( ! ,presid5tial campaigns is ! next be/ ?+ to liv+ !m ov] aga91 li/5+ once m to ! daily heat$ argum5ts1 ! inflammable /ump spee*es1 ! rancor\s vitup]ation :i* meant s mu* at ! "t1 & :i* seem$ s idle ! day aft] ! election4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,?ird ,,fr5* ,,republic ,illu/ration3 ,poor ,france6 ,! ,bran*es are brok51 b ! ,trunk /ill holds4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,x is n /range t dur+ ^! ye>s ,am]ican c>tooni/s conc]n$ !mselves b little ) matt]s outside ( _! own c\ntry4 ,= m ?an a decade aft] ! close ( ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> !re 7 v few episodes :i* assum$ int]national importance1 & /ill few] 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h any p]sonal int]e/4 ,france 0 amply occupi$ 9 recov]+ f ! effects ( h] exhau/ive /ruggle2 ,unit$ ,g]many 0 und]go+ ! process ( cry/alliz+ into def9ite =m4 ,europe1 z a :ole1 _h no m en]gy ?an 0 ne$$ to att5d to dome/ic affairs & to keep+ a jeal\s eye ^u ,engli% ambition 9 ,egypt & ,russian aggression 9 ! ,balkan ,/ates4 ,= "s little "t aft] ! ,fr5* ,commune e*oes ( t int]nec9e /ruggle 7 /ill to be f\nd 9 ! "w ( c>icaturi/s1 bo? 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,be=e tak+ f9al leave ( t vet]an ,fr5* arti/1 ,honore ,daumi]1 x seems necess>y to allude briefly to a few ( ! c>toons ( t spl5didly tragic s]ies ( 8 old age deal+ ) ! ,france :i*1 hav+ und]gone ! horrors ( ! ,g]manic invasion & ( ! ,commune1 is %att]$ b n brok51 & beg9s to look =w>d ) wi/ful eyes to a "t :5 %e %all h recov]$ h] /r5g? & h] prosp]ity4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( ^! c>toons repres5ts ,france z a deep-root$ tree :i* has be5 b5t & r5t by ! pass+ :irlw9d4 ,poor ,france6 ,! bran*es are brok51 b ! trunk holds always4 ,simple z ! design is1 ! arti/ by c\ntless t\*es ( light & ( %ad[ has giv5 x a somb] significance :i* long rema9s 9 ! memory4 ,x 0 to ,napoleon t ,daumi] bitt]ly ascrib$ ! mis=tunes ( ,la ,patrie1 & 9 ^! c>toons he lo/ no opportunity ( attack+ ,napoleonic leg5d4 ,/>k & dead1 nail$ to ! ,book ( ,hi/ory is ! ,imp]ial eagle4 ,y w rema9 outside1 nail$ fa/ on ! cov]1 a hide\s w>n+ to future g5]ations ( ,fr5*m51 is ,daumi]'s moral4 ,( bright] nature is ! c>toon call$ ,! ,new ,ye>4 ,x repres5ts ! dawn+ ( #ahgb1 & portrays ,france sweep+ away ! la/ brok5 relics ( h] p]iod ( disa/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,y %all /ay !re1 nail$ to ! ,cov]1 a ,w>n+ to ,future ,g5]ations ( ,fr5*m54 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,9 ,g]many1 also1 "o f9ds a few t>dy c>toons be>+ ^u ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,ev5 9 ! ,flieg5de ,blaett]1 a p]iodical :i* ?r\gh\t its hi/ory has conf9$ itself1 ) few exceptions1 to social satire1 p]5nial skits ^u ! dignifi$ ,h]r ,pr(essor1 ! self-important "y lieut5ant1 ! punctili\s univ]sity /ud5t1 "o fam\s c>toon appe>$ late 9 ! ye> #ahga1 entitl$ ,! ,root ( ,all ,evil4 ,x portray$ ,napoleon ,,iii41 z a gigantic1 di/ort$ vegetable ( ! c>rot or turnip ord]1 8 flabby features di/5d$ into tub]\s rotundity1 ! famili> hall-m>k ( 8 sweep+ mu/a*e & imp]ial l5g!n$ grotesquely into ! semblance ( a ?reefold root4 ,/ill bett] kn[n is a s]ies ( c>toons :i* ran ?r\gh half a doz5 numb]s ( ! ,flieg5de ,blaett]1 entitl$ ,! ,franco-,prussian ,w>3 ,a ,trag$y 9 ,five ,acts1 9 :i* ! captions are all clev] applications ( l9es f ,s*ill]'s ,maid ( ,orleans4 ,z comp>$ ) ! "w ( really great c>tooni/s1 ?is s]ies has little to make x memorable4 ,b z an expression ( a victori\s nation's good-natur$ contempt1 its t5d5cy to view ! :ole fi]ce /ruggle ( #ahgj-ga z an amus+ f>ce enact$ by a company ( grotesque m>ionettes1 x is n )\t significance & int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,new ,ye> br+s ,new ,hope = ,france4 ,by ,daumi] 9 ,*>iv>i4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,root ( all ,evil4 ,f ! ,flieg5de ,blaett] 9 #ahga4 ,almo/ z ,g]manic 9 s5tim5t & 9 execution z ! ,maid ( ,orleans s]ies 9 ! ,flieg5de ,blaett] 0 ! curi\s little volume entitl$ ,! ,fight at ,dame ,europa's ,s*ool1 writt5 & illu/rat$ by ,?omas ,na/4 ,?is skit1 :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 ,new ,york aft] ! close ( ! ,w>1 conta9$ ?irty-?ree draw+s :i* are rem>kable *iefly 9 t !y are comp>atively diff]5t f any?+ else t ,na/ ev] did & be> a /rik+ resemblance to ! w> c>toons ( ! ,g]man pap]s4 ,! ,l\is ,napoleon ( ?is book is s mu* l ! ,l\is ,napoleon ( ! ,flieg5de ,blaett] t "o is b\nd to feel t "o 0 ! direct inspiration ( ! o!r4 ,! text ( ! book1 ?\gh no?+ a/oni%+1 s]ves its purpose 9 elucidat+ ! draw+s4 ,x tells ( ! well-ord]$ educational e/abli%m5t kept by ,dame ,europa 9 :i* ! five l>ge/ boys act$ z monitors1 to keep ! unruly pupils 9 ord]4 ,^! boys 7 ,l\is1 ,william1 ,aleck1 ,joseph1 & ,john4 ,if a dispute arose among any ( ! small] boys1 ! monitors _h to exam9e into its cause1 &1 if possible1 to settle x amicably4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to fight ! matt] out1 !y 7 to see fair play1 /op ! enc\nt] :5 x _h gone f> en\gh1 & at all times to uphold ju/ice1 & to prev5t tyranny & bully+4 ,9 ?is "w ,ma/] ,l\is & ,ma/] ,john 7 p>ticul>ly prom95t4 ,!re 0 a tradition 9 ! s*ool ( a t]rific r[ 9 times pa/1 :5 a monitor nam$ ,ni*olas attack$ a v dirty little boy call$ ,con/ant9e4 ,john & ,l\is pit*$ 91 & gave ,ni*olas su* a ?ra%+ t he nev] got ov] x1 & soon aft]w>d left ! s*ool4 ,n[ ea* ( ! upp] boys _h a little g>d5 ( 8 own 9 :i* he took great pride & int]e/4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ea* g>d5 !re 0 an arbor1 fitt$ up accord+ to ! ta/e & means ( its own]4 ,l\is _h ! prettie/ arbor ( all1 :ile t ( ,john 0 a m]e tool-h\se4 ,:5 ! latt] wi%$ to enjoy a holiday he w\ld punt himself across ! brook & enjoy himself 9 ! arbor ( 8 fri5d ,l\is4 ,by ! side ( ,l\is's doma9 0 t ( ,william1 :o1 ?\gh pr\d ( 8 own g>d51 nev] w5t to "w 9 x )\t ca/+ an envi\s glance on two little fl[] b$s :i* n[ belong$ to ,l\is1 b :i* ought by rights he ?\ght to belong to him4 ,ov] ^! fl[] b$s he (t5 talk$ ) 8 favorite fag1 a %rewd lad nam$ ,m>k1 full ( deep tricks & dodges4 ,illu/ration3 ,! :ole _s ( ^! pictures1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,flieg5de ,blaett] aft] ! ,napoleonic d[nfall 9 #ahga1 is a trave/y on ! spl5did l9es ( ,s*ill] 9 ! ,maid ( ,orleans 7,jungfrau von ,orleans74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bid4 ,la situation politique en ,france4 7,novembre #ahgc47 ,c>icature de ,felix ,regamey1 publiee dans le ,h>p]'s ,weekly de ,new-,york4 ,!re is only "o way to d x1 said ,m>k4 ,if y want ! fl[] b$s1 y mu/ fight ,l\is = !m1 & ,i believe y w lick him all to sma%2 b y mu/ fight him alone4 ,h[ d y mean8 repli$ ,william4 ,i mean1 y mu/ take c>e t ! o!r monitors don't int]f]e 9 ! qu>rel4 ,if !y d1 !y w be sure to g aga9/ y4 ,rememb] :at a grudge ,joseph owes y = ! lick+ y gave him n along ago2 & ,aleck1 ?\gh to be sure ,l\is took little ,con/ant9e's "p aga9/ him 9 t great bully+ r[1 is evid5tly beg9n+ to gr[ jeal\s ( y\r influ5ce 9 ! s*ool4 ,y see1 old fell[1 y h gr[n s mu* lately1 & fill$ out s wond]fully t y are gett+ really q =midable4 ,:y1 ,i recollect ! "t :5 y 7 q a little *ap6 ,!reupon ! a/ute ,m>k designs a plan by :i* ,william may provoke ! enc\nt] :ile mak+ ,l\is seem ! aggressor4 ,& s on1 "u ! guise ( fi/fight betwe5 two s*oolboys1 ,na/ tells ( all ! ev5ts ( ! /ruggle ( #ahga2 ! outbreak ( ho/ilities1 ! ,baptism ( ,fire1 ,s$an1 ! ,g]man m>* on ,p>is1 ! ,siege1 & ! diff]5t attitudes assum$ by ! o!r monitors4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,g5]al ,,european ,,affairs ,illu/ration3 ,new ,cr[ns = ,old4 ,disraeli (f]+ ,victoria ! ,imp]ial cr[n ( ,india4 ,pun*1 h[ev]1 is really ! mo/ satisfactory & compreh5sive s\rce = ! hi/ory ( political c>icature dur+ ! ye>s foll[+ ! siege ( ,p>is d[n to #ahhf4 ,f ! indefatigable p5cil ( ,t5niel & ,samb\rne we get an exhau/ive & pung5t record ( ! :ole p]iod ( ,disraeli's asc5d5cy1 ! fruits ( 8 mu*-criticis$ =eign policy1 ,engl&'s attitude reg>d+ ! ,suez ,canal1 h] %>e 9 ! ,turco-,russian conflict1 h] acquisition ( ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 ! fall ( ,kh>t\m1 ! ,f5ian difficulties ( #ahhe1 & ! hi/ory ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,home ,rule policy4 ,illu/ration3 ,tight5+ ! ,grip4 ,?r\gh\t ! c>toons ( ?is p]iod !re is no "o figure :i* appe>s ) m p]si/5t regul>ity ?an t ( ,"l ,beaconsfield1 & ) sc>cely an exception he is uni=mly treat$ ) an air ( indulg5t contempt4 ,( c\rse1 8 /rongly m>k$ features1 ! unmi/akably ,semitic ca/ ( nose & lips1 ! closely curl$ black r+lets clu/]+ above 8 e>s1 all (f]$ irresi/ible temptation to ! c>tooni/1 ) ! result t ?r\gh\t ! entire s]ies1 9 :atev] guise he is portray$1 ! sugge/ion ( *>latan1 ( necromanc]1 ( m\ntebank1 ( "o k9d or ano!r ( ! endless g5us fake1 is nev] :olly abs5t4 ,ev5 9 ,t5niel's c>toon1 ,new ,cr[ns = ,old1 :i* commemorates ! passage ( ! ,royal ,titles ,bill1 conf]r+ ^u ! ,que5 ! title ( ,empress ( ,india1 ! sc5e is confess$ly adapt$ f ,aladd91 & ,dizzy is portray$ z a slipp]y ,ori5tal ) an oily smile1 9 ! act ( trad+ a gaudy-look+ piece ( t9sel headge> = ! m mode/1 b g5u9e1 regal cr[n topp$ ) ! cross ( ,malta4 ,! be/[al ( ! title ( ,e>l ( ,beaconsfield ^u ,mr4 ,disraeli1 :i* foll[$ )9 a v few weeks1 0 too good a *ance = satire = ,mr4 ,t5niel to let pass1 & he hit x (f 9 a page entitl$ ,"o ,good ,turn ,des]ves ,ano!r1 9 :i* ,victoria1 ) ! ,imp]ial cr[n ( ,india ^u h] head1 is conf]r+ a coronet ^u ,dizzy1 kneel+ obsequi\sly at h] feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,a,eolus--,rul] ( ! ,/orms4 ,! ,ea/]ly ,w9d too mu* = ,bism>ck4 ,illu/ration3 ,l',etat ,c'e/ ,moi6 ,at ?is "t ! "o int]national "q :i* bade fair to assume any consid]able importance 0 t ( ,russia's attitude 9 ! ,balkan p59sula4 ,already 9 ,june1 #ahhf1 we f9d ,pun* portray+ ! ,cz> ( ,russia z a ma/] ( ! h\nds1 j ready to let slip ! lea% f 8 dogs ( w>4 ,s]via1 ,mont5egro1 ,bosnia1 & ,h]zegov9a1 9 pursuit ( ! unsuspect+ ,sultan ( ,turkey1 :ile ,john ,bull 9 ! guise ( a policeman1 is cauti\sly pe]+ f beh9d a f5ce1 evid5tly wond]+ :e!r ?is is a case :i* calls = active int]f]5ce4 ,x is only a few days lat] t ! outbreak ( an insurrection 9 ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a ha/5s a decision on ! "p ( ,europe to keep ! ,r+ & let ! ,sultan w>d (f ! dogs ( w> s+le-h&$--an incid5t duly commemorat$ 9 ,pun* on ,june #ai4 ,! ,turki% atrocities 9 ,bulg>ia1 h[ev]1 ar\s$ public s5tim5t ?r\gh\t ! ,cont95t to su* a degree t ! ,p[]s unit$ 9 dem&+ an armi/ice4 ,t5niel's int]pretation ( ?is incid5t takes ! =m ( a sick-*amb]1 9 :i* ! ,sick ,man ( ,europe is surr\nd$ by a corps ( illu/ri\s physicians1 ,drs4 ,bull1 ,william ,i41 ,francis ,joseph & ,company1 :o are firmly insi/+ t _! pati5t %all swall[ a huge pill label$ ,armi/ice--or else !re's no kn[+ :at might happ56 ,! protocol on ,turki% affairs :i* soon aft] ?is 0 propos$ by ,russia & support$ by ,disraeli1 =ms ! subject ( two sugge/ive c>toons 9 ,pun*4 ,! fir/1 entitl$ ,pons ,as9orum1 depicts ! protocol z a make-%ift bridge support$ on ! docile %\ld]s ( ,john ,bull & ! o!r ,european ,p[]s1 & spann+ a lagoon entitl$ ,ea/]n ,"q4 ,ov] ?is bridge ! ,russian be> is /eal?ily crawl+ to 8 desir$ goal1 8 eye half clos$ 9 a sly w9k1 8 sides bri/l+ l a v]itable ars5al ) weapons4 ,! second c>toon1 allud+ to ! ,porte's rejection ( ! protocol1 repres5ts ,disraeli look+ disconsolately ^u a smold]+ pile ( p[d] kegs & ammunition1 ov] :i* he has plac$ ! protocol1 twi/$ into ! %ape ( a c&le-snuff]4 ,conf\nd ! ?+6 ,x is all ablaze6 he ejaculates1 :ile ,"l ,h>t+ton rem9ds him1 ,ah1 my de> ,d41 pap] w burn1 y "k6 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hidd5 ,h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,iri% ,frank5/e94 ,! next significant c>icature 9 ! ,pun* s]ies belongs to ! p]iod ( actual ho/ilities betwe5 ,turkey & ,russia1 aft] ,plevna _h be5 completely inve/$ & ! ,turks 7 at all po9ts be+ /eadily beat5 back4 ,?is c>icature1 entitl$ ,tight5+ ! ,grip1 %[+ ! /ruggl+ ,turk be+ sl[ly cru%$ to dea? 9 ! rel5tless hug ( ! gigantic be>1 may safely be left to speak = itself )\t fur!r description4 ,mean:ile1 ,engl& 0 wat*+ ) gr[+ disquiet ,russia's actions 9 ! ,balkans4 ,9 "o c>toon ( ?is p]iod1 ,mr4 ,bull is bluntly refus+ to be drawn into a game ( ,bl9d ,hookey ) ! o!r ,european ,p[]s4 ,n[ !n1 ,mr4 ,bull1 we're only wait+ = y1 says ,russia2 & ,john ,bull rejo9s3 ,?ank y1 ,i don't l ! game4 ,i l to see ! c>ds6 ,pr9ce ,bism>ck at ?is "t 0 do+ 8 be/ to br+ ab\t an und]/&+ betwe5 ,engl& & ,russia1 b ! difficulties ( ! situation ?reat5$ to prove too mu* ev5 = t vet]an diplomat4 ,pun* clev]ly hit (f ! situation by repres5t+ ,bism>ck ,a,eolus1 ! w9d-god1 /ruggl+ desp]ately ) an unmanageable w9d-bag1 :i* is swell+ ?reat5+ly 9 ! direction ( ! ,ea/ & assum+ ! =m ( a dang]\s w>-cl\d4 ,ev5tually all misund]/&+s 7 peacefully smoo!d away at ! ,b]l9 ,congress1 :i* ,t5niel commemorates ) a c>toon %[+ ,dizzy 9 ! guise ( a tight-rope p]=m] triumphantly c>ry+ ! ,sultan on 8 %\ld]s along a rope label$ ,congress1 8 inh]5t d\ble-deal+ be+ sugge/$ by 8 balanc+ pole1 :i* he sways back & =? indiff]5tly1 & ! opposite ends ( :i* are label$ peace & w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,d>+ ,duckl+4 ,june1 #ahhc4 ,an e>ly appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 9 c>icature4 ,comp>atively few c>toons ( ?is p]iod t\* ^u ,am]ican matt]s4 ,all ! m notewor?y is ! "o :i* ,mr4 ,t5niel d$icat$ to ! memory ( ,presid5t ,g>field at ! "t ( ! latt]'s assass9ation4 ,x is a wor?y example ( ! arti/'s mo/ s]i\s mann]1 at once dignifi$ & impressive4 ,x be>s ! inscription1 ,a ,common ,sorr[1 & %[s a weep+ ,columbia clasp$ closely 9 ! arms ( a sorr[+ & sympa!tic ,britannia4 ,illu/ration3 ,settl+ ! ,alabama ,claims4 ,m4 ,gambetta seldom receiv$ att5tion at ! h&s ( ,engli% c>icaturi/s2 b 9 #ahha1 :5 ! resignation ( ,jules ,f]ry & 8 colleagues result$ 9 ! =mation ( a new m9i/ry ) ,gambetta at ! head1 & bo? ,engli% & ,g]man newspap]s 7 s>ca/ically say+ t ! ,gambetta ,cab9et repres5t$ only himself1 ,pun* _h to h 8 little fl+ at ! ,fr5* /atesman1 portray+ him z beam+ ) self-complac5ce1 & /rik+ an attitude 9 front ( a /atue ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :ile he e*oes ! latt]'s fam\s dictum1 ,l',etat c'e/ moi6 ,illu/ration3 ,mirage4 ,gordon ,wait+ at ,kh>t\m4 ,two c>toons :i* tell _! own /ory are devot$ to ,f5ianism4 ,! fir/ commemorates ! ,pho5ix ,p>k outrage 9 :i* ,"l ,fr$]ick ,cav5di%1 ! newly appo9t$ ,*ief ,secret>y1 lo/ 8 life4 ,! c>toon is call$ ,! ,iri% ,frank5/e91 & is c]ta9ly baleful en\gh to d full ju/ice to ! hide\sness ( ! crime x is int5d$ to symbolize4 ,! second c>toon1 entitl$ ,! ,hidd5 ,h&1 %[s ! ,f5ian mon/] receiv+ a bag ( gold f a my/]i\s h& /ret*$ f beh9d a curta94 ,! ref]5ce is to a suppos$ inn] circle ( assass9s1 direct$ & paid by great] villa9s :o kept !mselves c>efully beh9d ! sc5es4 ,! trag$y ( ,kh>t\m =m$ ! subject ( sev]al grim & =ceful pages4 ,mirage 0 almo/ prophetic 9 its conception1 repres5t+ ,g5]al ,gordon gaz+ across ! des]t1 :]e1 by ! tantaliz+ refraction ( ! air1 he c pla9ly see ! advanc+ ,briti% ho/s1 :i* 9 reality are de/9$ to arrive too late4 ,too late1 9 fact1 are ! v words :i* s]ve z a caption ( ! next c>toon4 ,kh>t\m has fall51 & ,britannia1 hav+ come ^u a fruitless mission1 /&s a picture ( despair1 h] face buri$ ^u h] arm1 h] useless %ield ly+ neglect$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,?omas ,,na/ ,x 0 n until late 9 ! '#fj's1 :5 ,?omas ,na/ began 8 pictorial campaign 9 ! pages ( ,h>p]'s ,weekly aga9/ ! ,r+ :i* held ,new ,york 9 its clut*es1 t ,am]ican c>icature c\ld claim a p5cil :i* entitl$ x to any sort ( consid]ation f ! arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,"s ( ! c>toons :i* h be5 reproduc$ 9 e>li] pap]s ( ?is s]ies h possess$ unque/ionable clev]ness ( inv5tion & idea2 = in/ance1 _m ( ^? deal+ ) ,presid5t ,jackson's adm9i/ration & 8 relations ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank1 & "s ( ! purely allegorical c>toons treat+ ( slav]y & ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,b 9 all ^! !re 0 s mu* lack+2 s _m arti/ic %ortcom+s 7 cov]$ up by ! conv5i5t loops4 ,! arti/s felt !mselves free f any obligation to give expression to ! c\nt5ances ( _! subjects s long z ! fundam5tal idea 0 !re1 & ! loops (f]$ an easy vehicle = ! utt]ance ( ?\ghts & feel+s :i* a mod]n arti/ w\ld feel oblig$ to express 9 ! draw+ itself--by a skillful quirk ( ! p5cil1 an add$ l9e1 an exagg]at$ smile or fr[n4 ,x 0 a ?or\ghly wood5 s*ool ( c>icature1 9 :i* "o c f9d no trace ( ! spl5did sugge/ion :i* ! c>icaturi/s %\ld at t "t h be5 draw+ f contempor>y ma/]s ( ! art 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,gratz ,br[n ,tag to ,greeley's ,coat4 ,illu/ration3 ,?omas ,na/4 ,al?\gh dur+ ! ye>s ( 8 fecundity ,?omas ,na/ drew _m c>toons be>+ on ev5ts ( int]national importance1 8 "n w always be rememb]$1 fir/ ( all1 9 connection ) ! s]ies ?r\gh :i* he held up ! extravagances & iniquities ( ! ,twe$ ,r+ 9 ! pillory ( public op9ion4 ,he _h decid$ convictions on o!r subjects4 ,to ! end ( 8 life x 0 8 nature to feel int5sely1 ev5 9 small matt]s4 ,b 8 scorn & hatr$ ( ! corrupt organization t 0 loot+ ,new ,york became a positive mania1 :i* 0 reflect$ 9 ! c>toons :i* he lit]ally hurl$ week aft] week aga9/ ,twe$ & 8 satellites4 ,i don't c>e :at !y write ab\t me1 said ,twe$1 b c't y /op ^? t]rible c>toons8 & 9 ! end !y1 m ?an any?+ else1 l$ to 8 d[nfall1 8 flight & 8 capture 9 ,spa91 :]e he 0 recogniz$ by ! police ?r\gh ! lik5ess ,na/ _h drawn ( him z a kidnap]4 ,b 9 recogniz+ ,na/'s s]vices 9 behalf ( ,new ,york ,city x is n fair to ov]look 8 "w z a political c>icaturi/ on broad] issues4 ,to him we owe also ! ,gratz ,br[n tag to ,greeley's coat 9 ! campaign ( #ahgb1 ! ,rag ,baby ( ,inflation1 ! ,jackass z emblematic ( ! ,democratic ,p>ty1 ! ,labor ,cap & ! ,full ,d9n] ,pail1 :i* 9 lat] ye>s 7 s mu* develop$ by ! c>tooni/s ( ,judge4 ,& if to-day1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 we h a s*ool ( c>icature :i* = scope & craftsman%ip is equal1 if n sup]ior1 to t ( any nation ( ,europe1 x is only j to recognize t x 0 ,?omas ,na/ :o fir/ gave ,am]ican c>icature a dignity & a mean+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fir/ ,appe>ance ( ! ,cap & ,d9n] ,pail z ,emblematic ( ,labor4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,rag ,baby4 ,! e>lie/ ,presid5tial election :i* falls )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t *apt]1 t ( #ahgb1 ant$ates ! e/abli%m5t ( ,am]ican comic weeklies4 ,! c5tral figure 9 ! few c>icatures :i* h surviv$ f t ye> 01 ( c\rse1 ,horace ,greeley1 ^: c&idacy at "o "t 0 ?\ght s]i\sly to ?reat5 ! =tunes ( ! ,republican ,p>ty4 ,! c>icatures !mselves1 ) ! exception ( ^? drawn by ,?omas ,na/1 %[ little improvem5t ov] ! c>icatures :i* 7 execut$ dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! arti/s reli$ entirely ^u ! traditional loops to make !m intelligible to ! public1 & ! features ( ! political *>act]s portray$ 7 expressionless & wood54 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ?is s]ies 0 drawn 9 support ( ! ,horace ,greeley c&idacy4 ,uncle ,sam is repres5t$ z a l&lord & ,presid5t ,grant z 8 t5ant1 a %iftless wid[ ) a dog at h] heels & a bottle ( rum 9 ! basket on h] arm4 ,! ,wid[ ,grant has come to ask = a new lease4 ,well1 ,uncle ,sam1 %e says1 ,i've call$ to see if y w let me h ! ,:ite ,h\se = f\r ye>s long]1 z ,i f9d ! place suits me v well4 ,no1 ,m>m ,grant1 retorts ,uncle ,sam1 %ak+ 8 head1 ,i reckon ,i'll d no su* ?+4 ,i've _h too _m compla9ts ab\t y f ! neighbors dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s4 ,i'm j sick ( y & y\r tobacco smoke & bull pups1 s ,i've giv5 ! lease to ,hone/ ,horace ,greeley1 :o w take bett] c>e ( ! place ?an y h4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,donkey4 ,fir/ us$ to ridicule ! ,inflation ,t5d5cy4 ,9 ano!r ( ?is s]ies ,horace ,greeley is repres5t$ z ! ent]+ w$ge t is splitt+ ! rock ( ! ,republican ,p>ty4 ,greeley1 ) a pap] he>+ ! words ,free ,trade 9 "o h& & "o be>+ ,protection 9 ! o!r1 is be+ hamm]$ into ! cleft 9 ! ,republican rock by a huge mallet--,democratic ,nom9ation--wield$ by ,c>l ,s*urz4 ,?is is r a novel position = a /an* old ,republican l me1 he says4 ,i beg9 to feel z if ,i 0 9 a tight place4 ,presid5t ,grant1 ) a cig> 9 8 h&1 is look+ on complac5tly4 ,my fri5d1 he calls out to ,s*urz1 y've got a s(t ?+ on y\r w$ge1 b y\r mallet w kill ! man4 ,to :i* ,s*urz replies3 ,i don't c>e :o's kill$1 if we succe$ 9 defeat+ y\r election4 ,bel[1 creep+ furtively ab\t ! rock1 are ! figures ( ,dana1 ,sumn]1 ,gratz ,br[n1 ,trumbull1 ,hall1 ,swe5y1 ,twe$1 & ,h(fman ( ! ,r+4 ,any?+ to beat ,grant6 is ! cry ( ^! conspirators4 ,hone/y is ! ^w to %\t1 !re are s _m rogues ab\t1 mutt]s ,twe$4 ,oh1 h[ freely we'll w9 ) ,greeley1 says ,hall4 ,any?+ to beat ,grant4 ,he w\ldn't make me ,collector = ,new ,york1 are ! words ( ,dana4 ,! c>toon is a belat$ specim5 ( ! s*ool ( ,am]ican c>icature :i* 0 9 vogue 9 ! days ( ,presid5t ,jackson4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,bra9s ( ,tammany4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 ,puck 0 n f\nd$ until #ahgg1 too late to take "p 9 ! ,tild5-,hayes campaign4 ,:5 we speak ( ,puck1 h[ev]1 we ref]1 ( c\rse1 to ! edition pr9t$ 9 ,engli%1 =1 z a matt] ( fact1 tw5ty-f\r numb]s ( a ,g]man ,puck 7 publi%$ dur+ ! ye> #ahgf4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,popul> ,v]dict4 ,z t ye> 0 an important "o 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 ^! numb]s c by no means he ignor$1 & despite _! crude appe>ance :5 contra/$ ) ! ,puck ( lat] days1 !y conta9 "s ( ,keppl]'s mo/ admirable "w4 ,= in/ance1 !re is ! figure ( ! tattoo$ ,columbia1 ! precursor ( ,gillam's fam\s ,tattoo$ ,man4 ,?is figure appe>$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgf1 & 0 ! idea ( ,*>les ,haus]1 a memb] ( ! fir/ editorial /aff ( ! "y weekly4 ,! arti/'s idea ( ! unhappy condition ( our nation is %[n 9 ! hide\s tattoo$ designs ) :i* ,columbia's body is sc>r$ f head to foot4 ,we c read ,:isky ,r+1 ,black ,friday1 ,secession1 ,tammany1 ,election ,frauds1 ,corruption1 ,civil ,w>1 ,cr$it ,mobili]1 & ,taxes4 ,! figure is z repulsive z t :i* eight ye>s lat] drove ,mr4 ,bla9e to fr5zy4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,tattoo$ ,columbia4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,splitt+ ! ,p>ty4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,y pays y\r ,money & y takes y\r ,*oice4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,a famili> device 9 ! c>icature ( ! lat] '#gj's 0 t ( repres5t+ political figures z be+ headless & plac+ _! heads 9 ano!r "p ( ! picture1 s t y might adju/ !m to suit y\rself4 ,9 ?is way ! arti/ did n commit himself to prophecy & 0 enabl$ to please bo? p>ties4 ,= in/ance1 an excell5t example ( ?is is %[n 9 ! c>toon call$ ,y ,pays ,y\r ,money & ,y ,takes ,y\r ,*oice1 drawn by ,keppl] dur+ ! campaign ( #ahgf4 ,( ! two headless figures "o is seat$ 9 ! w9d[ ( ! ,:ite ,h\se ge/iculat+ d]isively at 8 beat5 oppon5t4 ,! o!r1 ?or\ghly cru%$ & ) a nose ( frightfully exagg]at$ l5g?--bo? ,mr4 ,tild5 & ,mr4 ,hayes 7 r l>ge-nos$ m5--is lean+ helplessly aga9/ ! wall ( ! cold outside4 ,at ! bottom ( ! picture are ! heads ( ! two c&idates1 :i* "o might cut out & adju/ z pleas$ himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,radical ,p>ty on a ,heavy ,grade4 ,f ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,! ,,am]ican ,,political ,,campaigns ,,( #ahhj ,,& #ahhd ,probably no c>toon deal+ ) ! ,g>field-,hancock campaign ( #ahhj 0 m widely discuss$ ?an t call$ ,=bidd+ ! ,banns1 drawn = ,puck by ,keppl]4 ,x 0 a c>toon :i* an ,am]ican comic pap] w\ld publi% to-day only aft] consid]able hesitation1 = !re 0 9 x ! _s ( a less delicate age1 a co>s5ess :i* 0 p>donable only :5 ! g5u9e /r5g? & humor ( ! complete "w are tak5 into consid]ation4 ,=bidd+ ! ,banns %[s a political w$d+ p>ty at ! alt> ) ,uncle ,sam z ! reluctant & uncom=table groom1 ,g5]al ,g>field z ! eag] bride1 & ! figure ( ! ballot box z ! (ficiat+ cl]gyman4 ,! bridesmaids are ,mr4 ,:itelaw ,reid & ,c>l ,s*urz1 ) ,murat ,hal/ead br++ up ! re>4 ,! c]emony is well along & ! contract+ p>ties are ab\t to be unit$ :5 ,w4 ,h4 ,b>num1 ! *airman ( ! ,democratic ,national ,committee1 ru%es 9 %\t+1 ,i =bid ! banns6 & wav+ frantically ! figure ( a little baby m>k$ ,cr$it ,mobili]4 ,! faces ( all ! bridal p>ty %[ con/]nation at ! unexpect$ int]ruption1 :ile ! bride prote/s coyly3 ,b x 0 su* a little "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,=bidd+ ! ,banns4 ,a ,fam\s ,c>toon ( ! ,g>field-,hancock ,campaign4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,! defeat ( ,g5]al ,hancock 9 #ahhj 0 commemorat$ by ,keppl] 9 ,puck ) ! c>toon call$ ,! ,wake ov] ! ,rema9s ( ! ,democratic ,p>ty4 ,! ludicr\s corpse ( ! defunct is /ret*$ on a r\gh bo>d & cov]$ ) a loose %eet4 ,! light$ c&les at ! f\r corn]s protrude f ! necks ( bottles1 & ! m\rn]s are indulg+ 9 a protract$ c>\se :i* seems de/9$ to end 9 a free fight4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! picture ,kelly1 ) ,b5 ,butl] z a p>tn]1 is do+ a dance 9 ! mo/ approv$ mann] ( ,donnybrook ,fair4 ,all ab\t !re is ! g5]al atmosph]e ( turmoil & unnatural excitem5t1 b ! figures ( ,hewitt1 ,davis1 ,belmont1 & ,engli% are /ret*$ out 9 a mann] indicat+ t ! fe/ivities ( ! night h prov$ too mu* = !m4 ,z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! political c>icature commemorat+ ! ,clevel&-,bla9e campaign ( #ahhd 0 *iefly rem>kable = its extraord9>y rancor4 ,!re 0 little1 if any1 really good-natur$ satire und]ly+ ^! c>toons2 !y 7 design$ & execut$ v9dictively1 & _! ma9 object 0 to hurt4 ,mr4 ,clevel&'s (ficial record 9 ,buffalo1 & z ,gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 _h be5 su* z to cause _m ( ! m lib]al ,republicans to support 8 c&idacy & (f]$ little to ! political c>tooni/1 s ! oppon5ts ( ,republican c>icature f\nd x exp$i5t to base _! attacks on matt]s ( purely p]sonal nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,wake ov] ! ,rema9s ( ! ,democratic ,p>ty aft] ! ,election ( #ahhj4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,ev5 9 lat] ye>s ! c>tooni/ did n entirely refra9 f ?is me?od ( belittl+ ,mr4 ,clevel&'s capabilities4 ,x 0 sne]+ly said t mu* ( ! success ( 8 adm9i/ration 0 due to ! *>m1 ! tact1 & ! p]sonal magnetism ( ,mrs4 ,clevel&1 & ?is idea 0 ! inspiration ( a numb] ( c>toons :i* 7 f> f be+ 9 ! be/ ( ta/e4 ,"o ( ^! :i* 0 n p>ticul>ly (f5sive 0 t entitl$ ,mr4 ,clevel&'s ,be/ ,c>d4 ,x 0 simply a huge play+ c>d be>+ ! picture ( ,mrs4 ,clevel&4 ,ano!r mu* m obnoxi\s 0 a curi\s imitation ( ! fam\s ,fr5* c>toon ,p>tant p\r la ,syrie1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,p>is aft] ! flight ( ! ,empress ,eug5ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,common ,sorr[4 ,! ,democratic c>tooni/s1 besides _! use ( ! ,tattoo$ ,man idea & ! alleg$ sc&als 9 ,mr4 ,bla9e's political c>e]1 made a /rong po9t ( ! s\ndness & cleanness ( ,mr4 ,clevel&'s (ficial record4 ,a typical c>icature ( ?is nature 0 t drawn by ,gillam call$ ,:y ,!y ,dislike ,him4 ,x repres5ts ,mr4 ,clevel& z a lion ly+ on ! rock ( ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m4 ,p]*$ on ! limb ( a tree ov]head are a gr\p ( *att]+ monkeys1 8 political enemies1 :o are hurl+ at him imprecations & abuse because he w n cons5t to s]ve z ! cats-paw to pluck ! *e/nuts = !m out ( ! political fire4 ,famili> faces among ! gr\p ( noisy b&>-log are ^? ( ,crok]1 ,butl]1 & ,dana4 ,pro/rate & helpless "u ! paw ( ! lion is a monkey ) ! face ( ,grady4 ,illu/ration3 ,:y ,!y dislike ,him4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fir/ ,tattoo$ ,man ,c>toon4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! ,puck ,company4 ,! mo/ t]rible & effective s]ies ( c>toons publi%$ dur+ ! ,clevel&-,bla9e campaign 0 t 9 :i* ! ,republican c&idate appe>$ z ! ,tattoo$ ,man 9 ! political %[4 ,= _m weeks dur+ ! summ] & autumn ( #ahhd ,mr4 ,bla9e 0 assail$ ?r\gh ?is figure 9 ! pages ( ,puck4 ,! /ory ( ! orig9 ( ?is hi/oric c>toon is z foll[s3 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,gillam1 ! arti/1 _h conceiv$ ! idea ( a c>toon 9 :i* ea* ( ! ,presid5tial possibilities %\ld appe> z "s sort ( freak 9 a political side-%[4 ,"o ( ^! freaks 0 to be ! ,tattoo$ ,man1 b ,mr4 ,gillam at fir/ hit ^u ,david ,davis z ! p]son to be s repres5t$4 ,he 0 describ+ ! propos$ c>toon "o day 9 ! (fice ( ,puck :5 ,mr4 ,bunn]1 :o 0 at t "t ! editor1 turn$ sudd5ly & said3 ,david ,davis8 ,nons5se6 ,bla9e is ! man = t4 ,! c>toon s conceiv$ 0 spl5didly execut$1 & became "o ( ! great pictorial factors 9 turn+ ! scale ( ! election4 ,x /irr$ ,mr4 ,bla9e himself to a po9t :]e he resolv$ to prosecute ! publi%]s ( ,puck1 & 0 p]suad$ f ?is c\rse only by ! v /ronge/ pressure4 ,! tattoo m>ks :i* 7 mo/ obnoxi\s to him 7 ^? :i* spell$ out ! ^w ,brib]y4 ,a curi\s feature ( ?is s]ies 0 t ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,gillam 0 an ard5t ,republican1 vot+ = ,mr4 ,bla9e on election day1 & at ! same "t t he 0 execut+ ! ,tattoo$ ,man c>toon 9 ,puck 0 sugge/+ equally v9dictive c>icatures ( ,mr4 ,clevel& & ! ,democratic p>ty = ! rival pages ( ,judge4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,j\rnalism ,illu/ration3 ,a ,g]man ,idea ( ,iri% ,home ,rule4 ,9 look+ backw>d ov] a c5tury ( c>icature1 x is int]e/+ to ask j :at x is t makes ! radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! c>toon ( to-day & t ( a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,t !re is a wide gulf betwe5 ! comp>ative re/ra9t ( ! mod]n c>tooni/ & ! unbridl$ lic5se ( ,gillray's or ,r[l&son's grotesque1 g>goyle types1 is self-evid5t2 t comic art1 z appli$ to politics1 is to-day m widespread1 m g5]ally appreciat$1 & 9 a quiet way m effective 9 mold+ public op9ion ?an ev] be=e1 ne$s no argum5t4 ,& yet1 if "o /ops to analyze ! individual c>toons1 to take !m ap>t & discov] ! ess5ce ( _! humor1 ! incisive edge ( _! irony & satire1 "o f9ds t !re is no?+ really new 9 !m2 t ! basic pr9ciples ( c>icature 7 all und]/ood z well 9 ! eighte5? c5tury z 9 ! n9ete5?1 & t1 9 _m cases1 ! successful c>toon ( to-day is simply ! replica ( an old "o ( a pa/ g5]ation1 modifi$ to fit a new set ( facts4 ,:5 ,gilb]t ,/u>t drew 8 fam\s ,g]rym&] c>toon1 he 0 probably n ! fir/ arti/ to avail himself ( ! *ance resemblance ( ! geographical cont\r ( a /ate or c\ntry to "s p]son or animal4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 n ! la/4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 drawn s z to br+ out "s significant simil>ity1 z rec5tly :5 x 0 di/ort$ into a ludicr\s semblance ( ,mr4 ,clevel&1 b5d+ l[ 9 pr\d humility1 ! liv+ embodim5t ( ! pr9ciple1 ,l',etat c'e/ ,moi2 or aga91 j be=e our w> ) ,spa91 :5 x 0 s drawn z to pres5t a capital lik5ess ( ,uncle ,sam1 ! ,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates =m+ 8 nose & m\?1 ! latt] sugge/ively op5$ to take 9 ,cuba1 :i* is swimm+ dang]\sly ne>4 ,puck's fam\s ,tattoo$ ,man 0 only a new application ( an idea t _h be5 us$ be=e2 :ile ! repres5tation ( a gr\p ( lead+ politicians z memb]s ( a freak %[1 a circus1 or a m9/rel troop1 is z old z m9/rels or dime museums !mselves4 ,few lead+ /atesm5 ( ! pa/ half c5tury h n at "s "t 9 _! c>e] be5 portray$ z ,hamlet1 or ,macbe?1 or ,ri*>d ,,iii42 :ile z = ! conv5tional use ( animals & symbolic figures to repres5t ! diff]5t nations1 ! ,briti% ,lion & ! ,russian ,be>1 ,uncle ,sam & ,fr5* ,lib]ty1 ^! belong to ! raw mat]ials ( c>icature1 dat+ back to its v inception z an art4 ,& yet1 :ile ! means us$ are ess5tially ! same z 9 ! days ( ,hog>? & ,cruik%ank1 ! results are radically diff]5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,_w 7,newspap]74 ,illu/ration3 ,horatius ,clevel& at ! ,bridge4 ,f ,new ,york ,life4 ,illu/ration3 ,b]n>d ,gillam ( ,judge4 ,! reason = ?is diff]5ce may be summ$ up 9 a s+le ^w--,j\rnalism4 ,! mod]n c>toon is ess5tially j\rnali/ic1 bo? 9 _s & 9 execution4 ,! spasmodic s+le %eets ( ,gillray's p]iod1 huge li?ographs t f\nd _! way to ! public ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,london pr9t %ops1 7 long ago replac$ by ! weekly comic pap]s1 :ile to-day ^! 9 turn f9d =midable rivals 9 ! c>toons :i* h become a feature ( mo/ ( ! lead+ daily j\rnals4 ,! cel]ity ) :i* a c>icature is n[ conceiv$ & execut$1 ?anks to ! mod]n me*anical improvem5ts & ! prevail+ _s ( al]tness1 makes x possible = ! c>tooni/ to keep pace ) ! news ( ! day1 to seize ^u ! late/ political blund]1 ! social fad ( ! mom5t1 & hit x (f ) a /roke ( incisive irony1 )\t fe> t x w be =gott5 be=e ! draw+ c appe> 9 pr9t4 ,! consequ5ces ( all ?is mod]n ha/e & ent]prise are n :olly advantage\s4 ,real tal5t is (t5 wa/$ ^u m$iocre ideas "u ! compulsion ( produc+ a daily c>toon1 & aga9 a really brilliant conception is m>r$ by ov]ha/e 9 execution1 a lack ( arti/ic f9i% 9 ! detail4 ,besides1 ! t5d5cy ( a l>ge "p ( contempor>y c>toons is t[>d ! local & ! ephem]al4 ,?is is especially true ( ! c>icatures :i* appe> dur+ an ,am]ican political campaign1 9 :i* e petty blund]1 e local issue1 e bit ( p]sonal gossip1 is magnifi$ into a vital national pr9ciple1 a _w-wide sc&al4 ,& :5 ! morn+ aft] ! election dawns1 ! bus9ess settles d[n into its wont$ *annel1 ^! mom5t\s issues1 & ! flamboyant c>toons :i* proclaim$ !m1 sudd5ly become z trivial & z empty z a sp5t firecrack] or ,roman c&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,joseph ,keppl] ( ,puck4 ,b ano!r *ange :i* ! _s ( j\rnalism has wr\ght 9 ! contempor>y c>toon1 & a m vital *ange ?an any o!r1 is due to ! def9ite editorial policy :i* lies beh9d x4 ,! dom9ant note 9 all ! "w ( ! great c>tooni/s ( ! pa/1 9 ! ,engli% ,gillray & ! ,fr5* ,daumi]1 0 ! note ( individualism4 ,take away ! p]sonal rancor1 ! almo/ irrational hatr$ ( ,little ,boney f ,gillray1 take away ,daumi]'s mordant irony1 8 fe>less contempt = ,l\is ,philippe1 & ! life ( _! "w is gone4 ,! typical c>toon ( to-day is1 to a l>ge ext5t1 n a "o-man production at all4 ,x is frequ5tly built up1 piecemeal1 "o detail at a "t1 & 9 ! case ( a j\rnal l ,pun* or ,judge or ,life (t5 repres5ts ! ?\ghtful collaboration ( ! entire /aff4 ,9 ! case ( ! lead+ dailies1 ! c>toon mu/ be 9 accord ) ! settl$ political policy ( ! pap]1 z mu* z ! lead+ articles on ! editorial page4 ,! individual pref]5ces ( ! c>tooni/ d n c\nt4 ,9 fact1 he may be do+ daily viol5ce to 8 settl$ convictions1 or he may f9d means ( esp\s+ bo? sides at once1 z 0 ! case ) ,mr4 ,gillam1 :o ?r\gh\t ! ,clevel&-,bla9e campaign 0 imp>tially draw+ ,democratic c>toons = ,puck & sugge/+ ,republican c>toons = ,judge at ! same "t4 ,:at ! political c>toon w become 9 ! future1 x is dang]\s to pr$ict4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 e indication t its influ5ce1 in/ead ( dim9i%+1 is likely to increase /eadily4 ,:at x has lo/ 9 ceas+ to be ! expression ( ! individual m9d1 ! impulsive product ( erratic g5ius1 x has m ?an ga9$ 9 its increas$ timel9ess1 its great] sobriety1 its m su/a9$ & def9ite purpose4 ,at c]ta9 epo*s 9 ! pa/ x has s]v$ z a vehicle = reckless sc&al-mong]+ & scurril\s p]sonal abuse4 ,b ?is x seems to h happily outgr[n4 ,t pictorial satire may be made =ceful )\t ! sacrifice ( dignity 0 long ago demon/rat$ by ,t5niel's p[]ful "w 9 ! pages ( ,pun*4 ,& !re is no d\bt t a s]i\s political issue1 :5 pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a tell+ c>toon1 w be borne home to ! m9ds ( a f> l>g] circle ( av]age e-day m5 & wom5 ?an x ev] c\ld be :5 discuss$ 9 ! cold black & :ite ( ! editorial column4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,john ,bull ,octopus 9 ,egypt4 ,f ,il ,papagallo 7,rome74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,h& aga9/ e ,man4 ,f ,london ,judy1 ,april #ac1 #ahib4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/ability ( ! ,triple ,alliance4 ,f ,il ,papagallo 7,rome74 ,ano!r int]e/+ effect ( ! gr[+ cons]vative _s 9 c>icature is se5 9 ! gradual cry/allization ( c]ta9 def9ite symbolic types4 ,allusion has already be5 made1 9 e>li] *apt]s ( ?is "w1 to ! mann] 9 :i* ! conception ( ,john ,bull & ,uncle ,sam & o!r analog\s types1 has be5 gradually built up by almo/ imp]ceptible degrees1 ea* arti/ pres]v+ all ! ess5tial "w ( 8 pr$ecessor1 & add+ a c]ta9 indef9able some?+ ( 8 own1 until a c]ta9 def9ite portrait has be5 produc$1 a p]man5t ideal1 ^: *>act]i/ic features ! c>tooni/s ( ! future c\ld no m alt] arbitr>ily ?an !y c\ld ! features ( ,bism>ck or ,glad/one4 ,& n only h ^! cry/alliz$ types become accept$ by ! nation at l>ge1--n only is ,uncle ,sam ! same famili> figure1 tall & lanky1 f ! ,new ,york ,puck to ! ,san ,francisco ,wasp1--b gradually ^! national types h migrat$ & cross$ ! seas1 & to-day !y are ! common prop]ty ( comic arti/s ( all nations4 ,john ,bull & ! ,russian ,be>1 ,columbia & ! ,am]ican ,eagle1 are ess5tially ! same1 :e!r we meet !m 9 ! press ( ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ,cape ,colony1 or ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& = ! v reason t !re is s little v>iety 9 ! obvi\s features1 ! m]e physical cont\r1 ! subtl] diff]5ces due to race prejudice & individual limitations are all ! m significant & int]e/+4 ,!re are cases1 & comp>atively rec5t cases1 too1 :]e race-prejudice has f\nd expression 9 su* rampant & illogical viol5ce z prompt$ _m ( ! ,spani% c>toons dur+ our rec5t w> ov] ,cuba1 9 :i* ,am]icans 7 regul>ly portray$ z hogs--big hogs & little hogs1 "s 9 hog-p5s1 o!rs runn+ at l>ge--b "o & all ( !m z hogs4 ,! c>tooni/s ( ! ,cont95t1 ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 & ,italians alike1 h difficulty 9 accept+ ! ,anglo-,saxon type ( ,john ,bull4 ,in/ead1 !y usually portray him z a sort ( sad-fac$ trave/y ^u ,"l ,dundre>y1 a tall1 lank1 mu* be:isk]$ milord1 famili> to patrons ( ,cont95tal f>ce-com$y4 ,b x is n 9 cases l ^! t race prejudice becomes int]e/+4 ,!re is no?+ subtle or sugge/ive 9 m]e vitup]ation1 :e!r v]bal or pictorial1 any m ?an 9 ! p]si/5t repres5tation ( a nation by a type :i* is no s5se repres5tative4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! subtle v>iations ( expression 9 ! ,john ,bull ( contempor>y ,am]ican arti/s1 or ! ,uncle ,sam ( ,briti% c>icature1 w repay c>eful /udy4 ,!y =m a sort ( s5sitive b>omet] ( public s5tim5t 9 ! two c\ntries1 & except+ dur+ ! r>e p]iods ( exceptional good feel+ !re is always 9 ! ,engli%man's conception ( ,uncle ,sam a sc>ce-conceal$ sugge/ion ( crafty malice 9 place ( 8 cu/om>y k9dly %rewdness1 :ile conv]sely1 our portrayal ( ,john ,bull is only too apt to conv]t t bluff1 hone/-he>t$ c\ntry g5tleman into a sort ( arrogant blu/]]1 gre$y = ga91 yet %[+ ! ve9 ( c[>dice di/9ctive ( ! born bully4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,ye>s ,,( ,,turbul5ce ,9 m>k$ contra/ to ! prec$+ l5g?y p]iod ( tranquillity1 ! clos+ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury witness$ a succession ( w>s & int]national crises well calculat$ to /imulate ! p5cils ( e c>tooni/ wor?y ( ! "n4 ,"o has only to recall t to ?is p]iod belong ! conflict betwe5 ,*9a & ,japan1 ! brief cla% betwe5 ,greece & ,turkey1 ! beg9n+ ( our policy ( expansion1 ) ! annexation ( ,hawaii1 our own w> ) ,spa91 & ,engl&'s protract$ /ruggle 9 ! ,transvaal1 to realize h[ ri* 9 /irr+ ev5ts ^! few ye>s h be51 & :at opportunities !y (f] = dramatic c>icature4 ,illu/ration3 ,i4 ,absolute ,mon>*y4 ,,ii4 ,con/itutional ,gov]nm5t4 ,,iii4 ,middle ,class ,republic4 ,,iv4 ,social ,republic4 ,a ,pres5t ,day ,lesson4 ,f ! ,revue ,encyclop$ique4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,pun* slip3 a c>toon publi%$ 9 anticipation ( an ev5t :i* did n occur--viz4 ! meet+ ( ,g5]al ,gordon & ,g5]al ,/ew>t at ,kh>t\m4 ,by ,t5niel1 ,febru>y #g1 #ahhe4 ,illu/ration3 ,telegram1 ,?ursday morn+1 ,feb4 #e4--,kh>t\m tak5 by ! ,mahdi4 ,g5]al ,gordon's fate unc]ta94 ,by ,t5niel1 ,febru>y #ad1 #ahhe4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,london ,times & ! ,spuri\s ,p>nell ,lett]s4 ,a c>toon produc$ 9 an e>li] *apt]1 entitl$ ,wait+1 %[$ ,g5]al ,gordon gaz+ anxi\sly across ! des]t at ! mirage :i* 0 conjur$ up by 8 fev]$ bra91 tak+ ! cl\ds ( ! horizon to be ! guns ( ! approa*+ ,briti% army ( relief4 ,e>ly 9 #ahhe ! relief exp$ition />t$ "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,h5ry ,/ew>t1 & on ,febru>y #g !re 0 publi%$ 9 ,pun* ! fam\s c>toon ,at ,la/1 %[+ ! meet+ betwe5 ,gordon & ! reliev+ g5]al4 ,?is 0 a fam\s ,pun* slip4 ,t meet+ nev] occurr$4 ,= on ,febru>y #e1 two days be=e ! appe>ance ( ! issue conta9+ ! c>toon1 ,kh>t\m _h be5 tak5 by ! ,mahdi4 ,! foll[+ week ,t5niel foll[$ up ,at ,la/ ) ! c>toon ,too ,late1 :i* %[$ ! ,mahdi & 8 fanatic foll[+ p\r+ into ,kh>t\m1 :ile /rick5 ,britannia cov]s h] eyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,t5niel's ,fam\s ,c>toon at ! ,"t ( ,bism>ck's ,retirem5t4 ,! ,times *all5ge to ,*>les ,/ew>t ,p>nell 01 ( c\rse1 record$ 9 ! c>icature ( ,pun*4 ,! ,?und]]1 x w be rememb]$1 publi%$ lett]s1 :i* x believ$ to be g5u9e1 involv+ ,p>nell 9 ! murd]s ( ,"l ,fr$]ick ,cav5di% & ,mr4 ,burke 9 ,pho5ix ,p>k1 ,dubl91 9 #ahhb4 ,:5 ^! lett]s 7 prov$ to h be5 =g$ by ,pigot1 ,pun* publi%$ a c>toon %[+ ! ,times do+ p5ance4 ,bo? ( ^! c>toons 7 by ,t5niel4 ,! ,*all5ge appe>$ 9 ! issue ( ,april #cj1 #ahhg1 & ,p5ance almo/ two ye>s lat]1 ,m>* #i1 #ahhi4 ,illu/ration3 ,l'enfant ,t]rible4 ,! ,bacc>at ,sc&al at ,tranby ,cr(t 9 #ahia4 ,f ,puck4 ,a c>toon :i* m>k$ ,t5niel's g5ius at its height1 a c>toon wor?y ( be+ rank$ ) t :i* depict$ ! ,briti% ,lion's v5geance on ! ,b5gal ,tig] aft] ! atrocities ( ! ,sepoy rebellion1 0 8 fam\s ,dropp+ ! ,pilot1 :i* 0 publi%$ on ,m>* #bi1 #ahij1 aft] ,william ,,ii4 ( ,g]many _h decid$ to disp5se ) ! s]vices ( ! ,iron ,*ancellor4 ,ov] ! side ( ! %ip ( /ate ! "y ,emp]or is lean+ complac5tly look+ d[n on ! grim old pilot1 :o has desc5d$ ! ladd] & is ab\t to /ep into ! boat t is to be> him a%ore4 ,! orig9al sket* ( ?is c>toon 0 f9i%$ by ,t5niel z a commission f ,"l ,roseb]y1 :o gave x to ,bism>ck4 ,! picture is said to h pleas$ bo? ! ,emp]or & ! ,pr9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,bluebe>d4 ,my fir/ two wives are dead4 ,take c>e1 ,hoh5lohe1 le/ ! same fate ov]take y4 ,f ,la ,silh\ette 7,p>is74 ,! bacc>at sc&al at ,tranby ,cr(t & ! subsequ5t trial at :i* ! !n ,pr9ce ( ,wales 0 pres5t z a witness 0 a ri* morsel = ! c>icaturi/ 9 ! e>ly summ] ( #ahia4 ,n only 9 ,engl&1 b on ! ,cont95t & 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! press 0 full ( jibes & bant] at ! ,pr9ce's exp5se4 ,! ,g]man comic pap]1 ,ulk1 sugge/$ pictorially a new coat-(-arms = 8 ,royal ,highness 9 :i* v>i\s play+ c>ds1 dice1 & *ips 7 mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,9 ano!r issue ! same pap] gives a ,g]man read+ f ,%aksp]e 9 :i* x c5sures ! ,pr9ce 9 mu* ! same mann] t ,fal/aff c5sur$ ! wild ,h>ry ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! ,london c>tooni/s all _h _! sl+s ) v>y+ good nature4 ,fun repres5t$ ! ,pr9ce z ! ,prodigal ,son be+ =giv5 by ! pat]nal ,briti% nation4 ,po9t to ?is c>toon 0 giv5 by ! fact t ! pantomime ,l',enfant ,prodigue 0 be+ play$ at ! "t 9 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,!at]4 ,! ,pall ,mall ,budget %[$ ! ,que5 & ! ,heir ,app>5t enjoy+ a quiet ev5+ ov] ! c>d table at home4 ,! ,pr9ce is say+3 ,ah1 well6 ,i mu/ give up bacc>at & take to cribbage ) mamma4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/ianity & ! ,bible 9 ,*9a4 ,an exact copy ( a ,*9ese native c>toon4 ,reproduc$ 9 ! ,san ,francisco ,wasp1 ,jan4 #b1 #aihb4 ,moon%9e1 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,ar5't !y ,r ,ov]do+ x8 took a k9dli] & a m *>itable view ( ! :ole affair4 ,8 ,royal ,highness is expla9+ ! matt] to a mo/ horrible look+ ,briti% ,ph>isee4 ,don't be too h>d on me1 ,mr4 ,/igg9s1 he says4 ,i am n su* a bad sort ( a fell[1 on ! :ole4 ,y mu/n't believe all t y read 9 ! pap]s4 ,! nature ( ! ,am]ican c>icature ( ! sc&al may be und]/ood f ! c>toon :i* we reproduce f ,puck4 ,?is c>toon speaks = itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,japan--,does x hurt up ,!re8 ,f ,kladd]adats*4 ,illu/ration3 ,bus9ess at ! ,dea?-,b$--,uncle ,sam z ,und]tak]4 ,f ,kladd]adats* 7,b]l974 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/>t = ! ,*9a ,cup4 ,f ,moon%9e 7,london74 ,! ,emp]or ,william & 8 *ancellors inspir$ ,la ,silh\ette1 ( ,p>is1 to a v felicit\s c>toon entitl$ ,william ,bluebe>d4 ,william is w>n+ ,hoh5lohe & po9t+ to a closet 9 :i* are hang+ ! bodies ( ,bism>ck & ,caprivi1 rob$ 9 fem99e app>el4 ,my fir/ two wives are dead1 says ,bluebe>d4 ,take c>e1 ,hoh5lohe1 le/ ! same fate ov]take y6 ,! increase 9 ,european armam5t 9 #ahib sugge/$ to ,t5niel ! idea ( ! c>toon ,! ,road to ,ru91 :i* appe>$ ,novemb] #e ( t ye>4 ,x %[s ! figures ( two arm$ horsem51 ,france & ,g]many1 ea* burd5$ ) armies ( f\r million m51 rid+ along ,! ,road to ,ru94 ,_! /e$s1 weigh$ d[n by ! burd5s !y be>1 are falt]+ 9 _! /rides4 ,a c>toon publi%$ %ortly aft]w>ds 9 ! ,london ,fun %[s ! figure ( ,peace welcom+ ! emp]ors ( ,g]many & ,au/ria1 & urg+ !m hospitably to lay aside _! sword-belts4 ,?anks1 ,madam1 rejo9s ,kais] ,wilhelm1 b we w\ld r reta9 !m--9 y\r behalf6 ,illu/ration3 ,tableau4 ,end ( ! ,*9ese-,japanese ,w>4 ,f ,toronto ,grip4 ,! brief w> betwe5 ,*9a & ,japan 0 necess>ily ( a nature to sugge/ c>toons ( inf9ite v>iety4 ,x 0 ! quick1 aggressive bantam aga9/ a huge b unwieldy oppon5t1 & "o ( ! e>lie/ c>toons 9 ,pun* utiliz$ ?is idea 9 ,! ,corean ,cock ,fight4 ,! big & clumsy ,%anghai is w>ily wat*+ 8 dim9utive foe1 :ile ! ,russian be>1 cont5t$ly squatt+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 is say+ s(tly to himself3 ,hi6 :i*ev] w9s1 ,i see my way to a d9n]4 ,e feature ( ,*9ese life (f]$ some?+ to ! c>icaturi/s4 ,= in/ance1 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,! ,fir/ ,in/allm5t1 ,london ,fun %[s ! ,jap sla%+ (f ! ,*9aman's pigtail4 ,n[ ?is idea ( ! pigtail 9 "o =m or ano!r 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh to ! end ( ! w>4 ,= example ! ,b]l9 ,ulk (f]s a simple solution ( ! :ole controv]sy 9 a picture entitl$ ,h[ ! ,nor!rn ,alex&] ,might ,cut ! ,corean ,knot4 ,*9a & ,japan1 ) _! pigtails hopelessly tangl$ 9 a knot label$ ,corea1 are tugg+ desp]ately 9 opposite directions1 :ile ,russia1 knife 9 "o h& & scissors 9 ! o!r1 is prep>+ to cut (f bo? pigtails close to ! heads ( 8 two victims4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*9ese ,exclusion ,act4 ,f ,! ,san ,francisco ,wasp4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,republican ,circus4 ,?is is consid]$ by ,mr4 ,opp] z "o ( 8 mo/ effective political c>toons4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ! ,rescue6 ,pun* *>act]i/ically repres5t$ ! cont5d+ nations z two boys engag$ 9 a /reet fight1 :ile ! v>i\s p[]s ( ,europe are look+ on4 ,john ,*9aman has obvi\sly _h v mu* ! wor/ ( ! fray2 8 features are batt]$2 he is on ! gr\nd1 & bawl+ lu/ily1 ,boo-hoo6 he hurtee me welly mu*6 ,no peacey man come /oppy him6 ,! end ( ! w> 0 commemorat$ by ,toronto ,grip 9 a tableau %[+ a huge ,*9aman on 8 knees1 :ile a little ,jap is /&+ on top ( ! ,*9aman's head toy+ ) ! defeat$ man's pigtail4 ,kladd]adats*1 ( ,b]l91 pr9t$ a v amus+ & *>act]i/ic c>toon :5 ! w> 0 at an end3 ,bus9ess at ! dea?-b$--,uncle ,sam z ,und]tak]4 ,?is pictorial skit alludes to ! proposition f ! ,unit$ ,/ates t ,*9a pay h] w> indemnity to ,japan 9 silv]4 ,x %[s a /rick5 ,*9aman tuck$ 9 a ludicr\s b$ & ab\t to brea! 8 la/4 ,uncle ,sam1 z an ent]pris+ und]tak]1 has ?ru/ 8 way 9 & insi/s on %[+ ! dy+ man 8 h&some new /yle ( c(f94 ,illu/ration3 ,mr4 ,glad/one 9 ! ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,b\lang] ,excitem5t4 ,! ,noisy ,boy 9 ! ,european ,lodg+ ,h\se4 ,f ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,yes1 ,citiz5s1 s9ce ! ,dis>mam5t ,?is has be5 made into a ,telescope4 ,=tunately x 0 n a ,muzzle-load]1 s !y h be5 able to put a ,l5s at bo? ,ends4 ,a ,fr5* c>toon aim$ at ! ,peace ,conf]5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,fixture4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,gr\p ( mod]n ,fr5* ,c>icaturi/s4 ,/ill ano!r clev] c>toon 9 :i* ! ,kladd]adats* summ$ up ! situation at ! close ( ! w> %[s a map ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 di/ort$ into a lik5ess ( a mu*-p]turb$ lady1 ! ,briti% ,isles =m+ h] coiffure1 ,europe h] arms & body1 & ,asia ! fl[+ drap]y ( h] skirts4 ,japan1 saw 9 h&1 has j complet$ ! amputation ( "o ( h] feet--,=mosa--& has ! o!r--,corea--half sawn (f4 ,does x hurt y up !re8 he is ask+1 gaz+ up at ! ,european portion ( 8 victim4 ,! same p]iodical a few mon?s lat] =cibly call$ att5tion to ! fact t :ile ,france & ,russia 7 bo? pr(it+ by ! outcome ( ! w>1 ,g]many 0 likely to g away empty-h&$4 ,x is entitl$ ,! ,p>tition ( ! ,e>?3 an ,epilogue to ! ,*9ese ,loan4 ,*9a1 repres5t$ z a fat1 ov]gr[n m&>91 squatt+ com=tably on 8 ?rone1 s]5e 9 ! consci\sness t 8 f9ancial difficulties are adju/$ = ! "t be+1 is expla9+ ! situation to ,pr9ce ,hoh5lohe1 :o is wait+1 basket 9 h&1 = a %>e ( ! spoils4 ,on "o side ,russia is be>+ (f a toy eng9e & tra9 ( c>s1 label$ ,man*uria1 & on ! o!r ,france is cont5t$ly j+l+ ! keys to a numb] ( ,*9ese seaports4 ,! _w has be5 giv5 away1 ,*9a is say+2 ,kwangtung1 ,kwangsi1 & ,yu5nan are no long] m9e4 ,b if y w live 9 my cele/ial k+dom y ne$ n feel any emb>rassm5t2 y\r uselessness has *>m$ u imm5sely4 ,! ,b\lang] excitem5t1 :i* s r\s$ ,france until ! bubble 0 effectually prick$ by ! lawy] ,floquet's f5c+ sword1 0 satiriz$ by ,judge 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,! ,noisy ,boy 9 ! ,european ,lodg+ ,h\se4 ,! sc5e is a huge dormitory 9 :i* ! v>i\s ,european p[]s h j settl$ d[n 9 _! sep>ate b$s = a quiet night's re/ :5 ,b\lang]1 ) a pap] cap on 8 head1 comes m>*+ ?r\gh1 l\dly beat+ a drum4 ,9 an in/ant all is turmoil4 ,k+ ,humb]t ( ,italy is %[n 9 ! act ( hurl+ 8 royal boot at ! (f5d+ intrud]4 ,! ,cz> ( ,russia has op5$ 8 eyes & 8 features are di/ort$ ) wra?4 ,bism>ck is %ak+ 8 iron fi/4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria is gett+ out ( b$1 app>5tly ) ! int5tion ( inflict+ dire puni%m5t on ! int]rupt] ( 8 slumb]s4 ,ev5 ! ,sultan ( ,turkey1 long accu/om$ to di/urbances f all qu>t]s1 has jo9$ 9 ! popul> outcry4 ,! lodg]s ) "o voice are %\t+1 ,drat t ,boy6 ,:y doesn't he let u h "s re/8 ,! old allegorical ideal ( ,*ri/ian pass+ ?r\gh ! dang]s ( ! ,valley ( ! ,%ad[ ( ,dea? 9 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress1 :i* has be5 appe>+ 9 c>icature e n[ & !n s9ce ,gillray us$ x aga9/ ,napoleon1 0 employ$ by ,t5niel 9 a c>toon ( ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,home ,rule publi%$ 9 ,pun*1 ,april #ae1 #ahic4 ,! old w>rior1 sword 9 h&1 is mak+ 8 way sl[ly along ! n>r[ & p]il\s wall ( ,home ,rule4 ,on ei!r side are ! bogs ( disa/]1 sugge/ive ( 8 fate 9 case 8 foot %\ld slip4 ,! ,panama sc&als 9 ,france & ! ensu+ revelations ( g5]al political trick]y sugge/$ "o ( ,samb\rne's be/ c>toons1 t depict+ ,france desc5d+ into ! mael/rom ( corruption4 ,?is c>toon appe>$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahic4 ,x %[s ,france 9 ! figure ( a woman go+ sup9ely ov] ! rapids1 to be hurl$ into ! :irlpool bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,anglo-,fr5* ,w> ,b>omet]4 ,fa%oda666 ,fa%oda66 ,,fa%oda6 ,fa%oda4 ,f ,kladd]adats* 7,b]l974 ,briti% feel+ on ! ,fa%oda affair 0 summ$ up by ,t5niel 9 two c>toons :i* appe>$ 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 9 #ahih4 ,! fir/ ( ^! call$ ,quit-,pro ,quo8 0 m>k$ by a v9dictive bitt]ness :i* appe>$ r out ( place 9 ! ,pun* ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t = a brief "t feel+ ran v high 9 bo? c\ntries ov] ! affair4 ,9 ?is c>toon ,france is repres5t$ z an organ-gr9d] :o p]si/s 9 gr9d+ out ! obnoxi\s ,fa%oda tune to ! int5se annoyance ( ! ,briti% h\sehold]4 ,! second c>toon repres5ts ! ,sph9x ) ! head ( ,john ,bull4 ,john ,bull is grimly w9k+ 8 left eye1 to signify t he reg>ds himself v mu* ( a fixture 9 ,egypt4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,am]ican ,,p>ties ,,& ,,plat=ms ,! dang]\s condition 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates f\nd itself ab\t ! "t we began ! build+ ( our new & great] navy 0 depict$ 9 ,judge by ! c>toon entitl$1 ,rip ,van ,w9kle ,awakes at ,la/4 ,x %[s a :ite-be>d$1 :ite-hair$ ,uncle ,sam seat$ on a rock ab\t :i* ! tide is rapidly ris+1 look+ r\nd at ! great mod]n armam5ts ( ,engl& & ,france & ,g]many & ,italy1 & murmur+1 z he ?9ks ( 8 own antiquat$ wood5 %ips ( w> & brick =ts1 ,:y1 ,i'm tw5ty ye>s beh9d ! age4 ,9 8 old hat1 ) ! brok5 cr[n1 are ! fea!rs ( ,f>ragut1 ,p]ry1 ,paul ,jones1 & ,lawr5ce1 b ^! alone are n en\gh1 nor w ev5 ! ,_s ( '#gf1 :i* hov]s ov] him 9 ! %ape ( an eagle1 q suffice4 ,he has 8 musket ( #ahab & 8 muzzle-load+ gun ( #ahfd1 b 9 ! backgr\nd are ^? huge cannon ( ,european foes & above !m is ! gaunt1 grim figure ( a helmet$ ,dea?4 ,a little m & x w\ld h be5 too late4 ,n[ !re is yet "t4 ,rip ,van ,w9kle awakes at la/4 ,an int]e/+ v>iant ^u ! old type ( ,presid5tial ,/eeple*ase c>toons appe>$ 9 ,puck dur+ ! summ] ( #ahib1 aft] ! ,republican conv5tion at ,m9neapolis & ! ,democratic conv5tion at ,*icago _h respectively nom9at$ ,mr4 ,h>rison & ,mr4 ,clevel&4 ,! c>toon is entitl$ ,!y're ,(f6 & is drawn ) admirable _s4 ,! sc5e is a ,roman amphi!at]1 & ! two ,presid5tial c&idates1 9 ! guise ( *>iote]s1 are guid+ _! mettlesome /e$s 9 a mad gallop ar\nd ! ar5a4 ,mr4 ,clevel&'s horses1 ,t>iff ,re=m & ,economy1 are runn+ /eadily1 & seem to be sl[ly =g+ to ! front1 :ile ^? ( ,mr4 ,h>rison1 ,high ,protection & ,=ce ,bill1 are n pull+ well toge!r1 & ) e>s po9t$ =w>d1 look z ?\gh !y might at any mom5t become unmanageable4 ,illu/ration3 ,rip ,van ,w9kle wakes at la/4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,!y're (f6 ,! ,presid5tial race betwe5 ,h>rison & ,clevel& 9 #ahib4 ,f ,puck4 ,illu/ration3 ,:]e am ,i at8 ,! fam\s r$rawn c>toon :i* 9 its orig9al =m depict$ ,mr4 ,clevel& & ! ,democratic ,p>ty disa/r\sly r\t$ at ! polls 9 #ahib4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,9 connection ) ?is campaign ( #ahib1 !re 0 no c>toon ( m int]e/ ?an t entitl$ ,:]e ,am ,i ,at8 :i* ,b]n>d ,gillam drew = ,judge1 & ?is int]e/ lies less 9 ! c>toon itself ?an 9 ! amus+ /ory ( its conception & execution4 ,"r up to election day n only ,gillam1 b ! entire /aff ( ,judge1 7 p]fectly confid5t ( ,republican success at ! polls4 ,to !m ! election seem$ to be a m]e =mality :i* _h to be gone ?r\gh )1 9 ord] t ,g5]al ,h>rison might rema9 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se = f\r ye>s m4 ,s a conf]5ce 0 held1 aft] :i* ,mr4 ,gillam began "w on ! c>toon :i* 0 to commemorate ! ,republican victory4 ,! idea us$ 0 t ( a g5]al sma%-up1 ) ,mr4 ,clevel& 9 ! middle ( ! debacle & ! ,republican elephant m>*+ triumphantly ov] ! ru9s4 ,along ^! l9es a d\ble-page c>toon 0 drawn ) an imm5se v>iety ( detail1 reproduc$1 & made ready = ! press4 ,election ,day came ar\nd1 & a few h\rs aft] ! polls _h be5 clos$ x became evid5t1 to ! con/]nation ( ,mr4 ,gillam & 8 associates1 t in/ead ( ! expect$ ,republican victory1 ,mr4 ,clevel& _h swept ! c\ntry by ov]:elm+ majorities4 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,x 0 too late to prep>e ano!r c>toon1 s t ! plate already made 0 tak5 f ! press1 & ! c>tooni/ set to "w4 ,to ! discomfit$ c\nt5ance ( ,mr4 ,clevel& ,gillam atta*$ a be>d :i* trans=m$ ! face into a lik5ess to t ( ! defeat$ ,republican c&idate4 ,a huge pat* drawn ov] "o ( ! eyes ( ! ,republican elephant *ang$ its appe>ance ( elation to "o ( ! mo/ woe-begone depression4 ,o!r slight *anges 9 ! leg5ds "h & !re ?r\gh\t ! picture trans=m$ its nature to su* an ext5t t only ! mo/ practic$ eye c\ld detect any?+ t 0 n :olly spontane\s & g5u9e4 ,to cap x all1 9 a corn] ( ! picture ,gillam drew a lik5ess ( himself 9 ! =m ( a monkey turn+ an uncom=table som]sault4 ,) a k ( ^! facts ! read] by a close exam9ation ( ?is c>toon1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 ?is volume1 w und\bt$ly detect ! l9es along :i* ! lightn+ *ange 0 made4 ,nev]!less1 x w be impossible = him to d5y t ! trans=mation 0 clev]ly done4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,political ,columbus :o w n l& 9 #ahib4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,besides be+ ! ye> ( ! ,presid5tial campaign1 #ahib 0 a ye> :5 ! ?\ghts ( ,am]icans 7 turn$ backw>d f\r c5turies to ! "t :5 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus fir/ l&$ on ! %ore ( ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,! orig9al %ips ( ,columbus's fleet 7 be+ br\ght ov] ! wat] f ,spa92 ! ,columbus idea 0 be+ exploit$ ev]y:]e 9 topical song & light op]a2 & x w\ld h be5 /range inde$ if x _h fail$ to play "s "p 9 political c>icature4 ,gillam 9 ,judge made use ( x 9 ! c>toon entitl$ ,! ,political ,columbus ,:o ,w ,,n ,l& 9 '#ib4 ,x repres5ts ! %ip ( ! ,democracy ) ,mr4 ,clevel& z ,columbus gaz+ anxi\sly & uneasily at ! horizon4 ,at ! b[ ( ! %ip is ! lion's head & ! %ield ( ,britannia1 9 allusion to ,mr4 ,clevel&'s alleg$ pro-,engli% sympa?ies4 ,! sail ^u :i* ! %ip is rely+ = its progress is m>k$ ,free ,trade & is a woefully pat*$ & wea!r-beat5 bit ( canvas4 ,! crew ( ! %ip is a /range assortm5t :i* sugge/s all sorts ( mut9y & piracy4 ,9 ! front ( ! vessel & close beh9d ! capta9 are ,dana1 ,crok]1 ,%eehan1 & ,hill4 ,beyond !m we see ! figures ( ,co*ran1 ,c>lisle1 ,crisp1 ,brice1 & ,mills & ,fl[]4 ,9 ! f> aft are ,blackburn & ,gorman4 ,evid5tly crew & capta9 are animat$ by despair1 al?\gh ! gull1 be>+ ! features ( ,mr4 ,pulitz]1 ( ! ,new ,york ,_w1 t is circl+ ar\nd ! %ip1 %[s t l& is n s _m miles away4 ,i don't see l&1 cries ,clevel&-,columbus4 ,& ! despair+ crew1 po9t+ to ! ,free ,trade sail1 calls back1 ,& y nev] w ) t rott5 canvas4 ,illu/ration3 ,map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 contra/ ) ! v9dictive & malici\s "* ( ! c>toons :i* h]ald$ ,mr4 ,clevel&'s fir/ election1 !re 0 a m>k$ abs5ce ( unpleasant p]sonalities 9 ^? :i* belong to ! p]iod ( 8 second t]m4 ,!re 0 no disposition1 h[ev]1 to sp>e him 9 reg>d to ! gr[+ difficulty he _h 9 hold+ 8 p>ty toge!r or 8 assumption ( :at ,republicans reg>d$ z an entirely unw>rant$ degree ( au?ority4 ,?is autocratic _s 0 clev]ly satiriz$ by a c>toon 9 ,judge1 to :i* allusion has already be5 made4 ,x consi/s simply ( a map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates s drawn z to =m a grotesque lik5ess ( ! ,presid5t4 ,he is b5d+ l[ 9 an elaborate b[1 9 :i* mock-humility & gl[+ self-satisfaction are amus+ly bl5d$1 8 fold$ h&s =m+ ! ,florida p59sula1 8 coat-tails project+ into l[] ,cali=nia4 ,b5ea? is inscrib$ ! foll[+ p>aphrase3 ,my c\ntry1 'tis ( ,,me1 ,sweet l& ( lib]ty1 ,( ,,me ,i s+6 ,mr4 ,clevel&'s tr\bles ) 8 p>ty began e>ly 9 8 second adm9i/ration4 ,z e>ly z ,april we f9d him depict$ by ,judge z ! ,political ,bull 9 ! ,democratic ,*9a-,%op4 ,! bull has already _h "t to d a va/ am\nt ( havoc4 ,! plate-glass w9d[1 comm&+ a view ( ! national capitol1 is a wreck1 & ! floor is /rewn ) ! rema9s ( delicate cups & platt]s1 amid/ :i* may /ill be recogniz$ fragm5ts ( ! ,baltimore ,ma*9e1 ,rew>ds = ,work]s1 ,wi%es ( ! ,lead]s1 etc4 ,an elaborate vase1 m>k$ ,n4 ,y4 ,ma*9e1 & be>+ a portrait ( ,s5ator ,hill1 is j toppl+ ov]1 to add its fragm5ts to ! g5]al wreckage4 ,illu/ration3 ,return ( ! ,s\!rn ,flags4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*ampion ,ma%] ( ! ,univ]se4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,! g5]al depression ( trade & ! mu*-debat$ issue ( t>iff re=m recur aga9 & aga9 9 ! c>icatures ( ! second ,clevel& adm9i/ration1 especially aft] ! ,republican l&slide ( #ahic4 ,?us1 9 ,decemb] ( t ye>1 a significant c>toon 9 ,judge repres5ts ! lead+ /atesm5 ( ea* p>ty engag$ 9 a game ( ,national ,football1 ! two goals be+ respectively m>k$ ,protection & ,free ,trade4 ,halfback ,hill is say+1 ,brace up1 ,cap2 we've got ! ball1 & ,capta9 ,grov]1 nurs+ a black eve1 rejo9s disconsolately1 ,t's all v well1 boys1 b !y've scor$ aga9/ u1 & we've got to put up ! game ( our lives to beat !m4 ,9 ,janu>y ! same p]iodical publi%$ a pessimi/ic sket*1 %[+ ,uncle ,sam1 %iv]+ ) cold1 & 8 h&s plung$ deep into 8 pockets1 gloomily wat*+ ! m]cury 9 ! ,indu/rial ,!rmomet] s9k+ /eadily l[] f protection & pl5ty1 ?r\gh idl5ess1 mis]y1 & />vation1 to ! z]o po9t ( free trade4 ,durn ! ,democratic wea!r1 anyway1 says ,uncle ,sam4 ,a m hopeful view ( ! situation f\nd expression 9 ,puck1 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,relief at ,h&4 ,labor1 9 ! guise ( an ,alp9e travel]1 has fall5 by ! wayside1 & lies half buri$ b5ea? ! sn[s ( ! ,mc,kinley ,t>iff4 ,help1 h[ev]1 has come1 9 ! =m ( a ,/4 ,b]n>d1 nam$ ,wilson ,t>iff ,bill1 :ile ,clevel&1 9 ! guise ( a monk1 is ha/5+ f ! neighbor+ mona/]y1 drawn 9 ! semblance ( ! national capitol4 ,/ill ano!r c>toon h>p+ on ! ne$ ( t>iff re=m repres5ts ,mc,kinley & ! o!r lead+ ,republicans z ,ponce de ,leon & ,8 ,foll[]s1 ga!r$ ar\nd a pool label$ ,high ,protection ,doctr9e4 ,!y ?9k x is ! f\nta9 ( political y\? & /r5g?1 b x is only a /agnant pool t is almo/ dri$ up4 ,among ! _m c>icatures 9 :i* ,judge support$ ! opposite side1 & heap$ ridicule on ! ,wilson ,bill1 "o ( ! be/ %[s ,uncle ,sam retir+ = ! night1 & exam9+ ) disgu/ & wra? ! meag] crazy quilt 7! ,wilson ,bill7 ) :i* he has be5 provid$ 9 lieu ( blankets4 ,i'll freeze to dea?1 he is grumbl+1 & yet "s ( ^? idiots call ?is a protective measure4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,h>rison ,plat=m4 ,by ,keppl] 9 ,puck4 ,mr4 ,clevel&'s det]m9ation to return to ! ,s\? ! flags captur$ 9 ! ,w> ( ,secession1 9 ! hopes ( putt+ an end to sectional feel+1 br\ght d[n ^u 8 head ! wra? ( ! m extreme ,republican elem5t1 a wra? :i* 0 reflect$ /rongly1 editorially & pictorially1 9 ! pap]s ( ! day4 ,?is sugge/$ to ,judge ! c>toon entitl$ ,halt1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,clevel&1 9 ! act ( h&+ back ! captur$ flags1 is re/ra9$ by ! _s ( ,l9coln1 :i* says1 ,_h y f\ght = ^? flags y w\ld n be s quick to give !m away6 ,to :i* ,mr4 ,clevel& is made to reply1 ,great ,scott6 ,i ?\ght y 7 dead & =gott5 long ago4 ,i only meant to please ,mr4 ,solid ,s\?4 ,!y're rubbi%1 anyh[4 ,?is is ano!r c>toon f ! h& ( ! prolific ,gillam4 ,! movem5t = ! annexation ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahic1 & :i* _m ,am]icans 7 incl9$ to reg>d ) suspicion & disfavor1 0 commemorat$ 9 a great v>iety ( c>toons1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad4 ,x 0 only natural t a movem5t :i* ow$ its inception to a ,republican adm9i/ration1 %\ld receive ! cordial approval & indorsem5t ( ,judge4 ,a c>toon1 dat$ ,febru>y #ah1 repres5ts ,columbia 9 ! guise ( an exempl>y mod]n s*ool-mi/ress1 s]5ely hold+ 9 ord] h] turbul5t class ( m+l$ ,*9ese1 negroes1 ,indians1 ,italian organ-gr9d]s1 & ,russian an>*i/s1 :ile %e gives a cordial welcome to ! small1 half-nak$ new s*ol> f ! ,pacific1 :o is timidly begg+ to be admitt$4 ,canada1 repres5t$ z a demure little maid51 /&s j beh9d ,hawaii1 an int]e/$ spectator1 app>5tly m ?an half incl9$ to foll[ 8 example4 ,9 mu* ! same _s 0 a design t appe>$ 9 ! ,wasp1 repres5t+ ,uncle ,sam 9 ! "* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 hold+ ! key to ,am]ica's political p>adise4 ,poor little imp1 he is say+ to ! ,hawaiian applicant1 ,i don't see :y ,i %\ld %ut y out1 :5 ,i've let 9 all ! tramps ( ! _w already4 ,ano!r c>toon :i* appe>$ 9 ,judge 0 entitl$1 ,! ,*ampion ,ma%] ( ! ,univ]se4 ,?is repres5ts ,hawaii "u ! =m ( a dusky b comely damsel1 be+ borne (f complac5tly by a gorge\sly attir$ ,uncle ,sam1 :ile 8 discomfit$ rivals are look+ on 9 *agr9 & disgu/4 ,^! rivals are ,engl&1 "u ! =m ( ,john ,bull2 ,france1 %[n "u ! features ( ,presid5t ,sadi ,c>not2 ,g]many1 ! ,emp]or ,william2 & ,italy1 ,k+ ,humb]t4 ,?is c>toon 0 drawn by ,gillam4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,end ( ! ,*ilian ,affair4 ,f ,judge4 ,! ,toronto ,grip saw ! matt] 9 q a diff]5t aspect4 ,hawaii1 a badly fright5$ savage1 is b\nd to a /ake1 :ile ,uncle ,sam1 9 ! guise ( a mission>y1 is :ett+ ! knife ( annexation1 prep>+ to give him ! c\p-de-grace1 & at ! same "t wav+ (f ,john ,bull1 :o holds 8 knife1 ,protectorate1 ) simil> int5t4 ,hold up1 says ,hawaii1 didn't y say x 0 wrong to eat man8 & ,uncle ,sam rejo9s b5evol5tly1 ,yes--b--well1 circum/ances alt] cases1 & ! int]e/s ( civilization & comm]ce1 y "k ---- ,y keep (f1 ,john2 he's my meat4 ,! sugge/ion t ,engl& 0 m]ely wait+ = a good excuse to /ep 9 & take possession ( ,hawaii1 :ile ! ,am]ican adm9i/ration & ,congress 7 try+ to rea* an und]/&+1 0 eag]ly seiz$ ^u by o!r j\rnals z well z ,grip1 especially 9 ,g]many4 ,! ,b]l9 ,ulk portray$ ,que5 ,liliuokalani1 arm$ ) a broom1 angrily sweep+ ,uncle ,sam f 8 foo?old 9 ,honolulu1 :ile ,john ,bull1 firmly e/abli%$ on two ( ! small] isl&s1 laughs to 8 he>t's cont5t1 s ! leg5d runs1 b ! ,yankee is mad ) rage4 ,9 simil> _s ! ,kladd]adats* depicts ,john ,bull & ,uncle ,sam z ,two ,good ,old ,fri5ds1 try+ to balance _! int]e/s 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,) clasp$ h&s ! two rivals are see-saw+ backw>ds & =w>ds1 ea* /riv+ to reta9 a prec>i\s foo?old1 z !y /raddle ! ,pacific f ,samoa to ,hawaii1 & ea* q oblivi\s ( ! discom=t ( ! squirm+ little natives t !y are cru%+ "u heel4 ,! fiasco ( ,mr4 ,clevel&'s attempt to re/ore ,que5 ,liliuokalani to h] ?rone 0 hit (f 9 ,judge by a c>toon portray+ him z ,don ,quixote1 physically mu* ! worse = we>1 z a result ( 8 late/ tilt at ! ,hawaiian w9dmill4 ,! knight's _s1 h[ev]1 is unbrok51 & he is receiv+ philosophically ! well-meant consolation ( ,san*o ,panza ,gre%am4 ,illu/ration3 ,mr4 ,mck9ley z a ,political ,tam o' ,%ant]4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,don ,quixote ,bryan meets ,disa/] 9 8 ,enc\nt] ) ! full ,d9n] ,pail4 ,by ,victor ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,out+ ( ! ,an>*i/s4 ,ano!r c>toon ( /]l+ lit]>y flavor is t repres5t+ ,mr4 ,mc,kinley z a political ,tam o' ,%ant]1 :i* appe>$ dur+ ! excit+ election ( #ahif4 ,! c\nt5ance ( ,tam 9 ?is c>toon %[s none ( ! anxiety & m5tal p]turbation ( ! h]o ( ,burns' poems4 ,y c see t he has full confid5ce 9 8 good m>e1 ,national ,cr$it1 & is p]fectly conv9c$ t %e w c>ry him unsca!d ov] ! road to ,good ,times1 ,prosp]ity1 & ,protection4 ,! c>l9s h be5 close at 8 m>e's heels1 h[ev]1 & z he passes ! bridge ov] :i* !y d>e n cross1 ! =emo/ ( 8 pursu]s has caught & pull$ away z a trophy ! tail ( ! /e$4 ,! tail1 h[ev]1 is some?+ ) :i* he c well "p1 = x typifies f\r ye>s ( bus9ess depression4 ,! lead]s ( ! pursu+ c>l9s are ,free ,trade1 ,an>*y1 ,sectionalism1 & ,popocracy4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ! ,dea?4 ,mr4 ,bryan's appeal to ! f>m] 9 #ahif 0 hit (f by ,hamilton 9 a p[]ful1 b exce$+ly blasphem\s1 c>toon entitl$ ,! ,temptation4 ,bryan 9 ! =m ( a huge angel ( d>kness has tak5 ! f>m] to ! top ( a high m\nta9 to %[ him ! ri*es ( ! _w4 ,z f> z ! eye c see /ret* oceans & cities & hills & riv]s & m\nta9s ( silv]4 ,x is a great pity t s grim & p[]ful a c>toon %\ld h be5 m>r$ by t display ( bad ta/e :i* has be5 too frequ5t 9 ! hi/ory ( c>icature4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,weyl] ,ape4 ,! c>icature produc$ by ! campaign betwe5 ,mr4 ,mc,kinley & ,mr4 ,bryan 9 #aijj (f]s few1 if any1 c>toons m admirable ?an t by ,mr4 ,victor ,gillam1 repres5t+ ,don ,quixote ,bryan meet+ disa/] 9 8 fight aga9/ ! full d9n] pail4 ,?is c>toon has t lit]>y flavor :i* has be5 too mu* lack+ 9 ,am]ican c>icature1 & :i* raises ?is p>ticul> c>toon f> above ! av]age 9 ! same s*ool4 ,! idea1 ( c\rse1 is bas$ on ,don ,quixote's disa/r\s enc\nt] ) ! w9dmill1 :i* t poor crack-bra9$ g5tleman took to be a giant4 ,! body ( ! w9dmill is a huge d9n] pail & its arms are a cross$ knife & =k4 ,don ,quixote1 incas$ 9 armor f head to foot1 & m\nt$ on ! ,democratic donkey ) free silv] = a saddle1 has tilt$ aga9/ ! solid /ructure ) disa/r\s results4 ,8 lance is %att]$1 & he & 8 fai?ful /e$ lie pro/rate & discomfit$ on opposite sides ( ! road4 ,! ,san*o ,panza ne$$ to complete ! picture appe>s "u ! famili> features ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,crok]1 :o1 lead+ ! ,tammany ,tig] by a rope1 is hurry+ to 8 ma/]'s assi/ance4 ,9 ! di/ance may be se5 ! ,:ite ,h\se1 b ! road 9 t direction is completely b>r$ by ! /an* w9dmill t has s successfully resi/$ ! mad knight's onslaught4 ,illu/ration3 ,we are ! ,p4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,! ,,spani%-,,am]ican ,,w> ,! p5t-up feel+ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* rea*$ a dang]\s degree ( t5sion dur+ ! weeks prec$+ ! decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,spa91 0 =cibly symboliz$ 9 ! ,m9neapolis ,h]ald4 ,! dome ( ! ,national ,capitol is portray$1 surm\nt$ by a ,congressional safety-valve4 ,mc,kinley1 cl++ to ! cupola1 is anxi\sly li/5+ to ! ro> ( ! imprison$ /eam1 :i* is escap+ 9 va/ w> cl\ds1 9 spite ( all ! ef=ts ( ,speak] ,re$1 :o is freely p]spir+ 9 8 ef=t to hold d[n ! valve4 ,illu/ration3 ,be ,c>eful6 ,x's ,load$6 ,by ,victor ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,"o ( ^? c>toons :i* are n to be =gott5 9 a day or a week or a mon?2 "o :i* /irs ! blood & r\ses ! m9d to a new patriotism ev5 :5 se5 ye>s aft] ! ev5ts :i* inspir$ x1 is ,victor ,gillam's ,be ,c>eful6 ,x's ,load$6 :i* appe>$ a few weeks be=e ! outbreak ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> & :i* we deem wor?y ( be+ rank$ among ! tw5ty-five or ?irty great c>toons :i* ! n9ete5? c5tury has produc$4 ,to realize to-day its full =ce & mean+ "o has to recall ! peculi> t5sion "u :i* ! ,am]ican p 7 labor+ dur+ ! mon?s ( ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april1 #ahih4 ,! ,ma9e _h be5 de/roy$ 9 ,havana ,h>bor1 & al?\gh1 n[ t ang] has di$ d[n1 we c no long] cl+ implacably to ! belief1 :i* 0 !n ev]y:]e express$1 t x 0 an act emanat+ f ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t1 at ! "t x 0 too mu* = our ov]wr\ght n]ves2 ! condition ( ,cuba 0 gr[+ e day m deplorable1 & ev]yone felt t ! inevitable conflict 0 h\rly at h&4 ,9 ! picture ,am]ican patriotism is symboliz$ by a huge cannon4 ,a dim9utive ,spani>d has climb$ to ! top ( a ma/ ( a ,spani% vessel & monkey-l is %ak+ 8 fi/ d[n ! muzzle4 ,uncle ,sam1 /&+ by ! gun & realiz+ ! ,spani>d's imm95t p]il calls out1 excit$ly1 ,be ,c>eful6 ,x's ,load$6 a w>n+ to :i* ! latt] seems little incl9$ to pay any att5tion4 ,9 its v simplicity ?is c>toon diff]s greatly f mo/ ( ^? ( ! s*ool ( ,puck & ,judge4 ,!re is none ( t inf9ite v>iety ( detail :i* makes an elaborate /udy necess>y 9 ord] to arrive at a full compreh5sion ( ! mean+ ( a c>toon4 ,be ,c>eful6 ,x's ,load$6 l ! mo/ /rik+ ,engli% & ,fr5* c>toons1 may be und]/ood at a glance4 ,illu/ration3 ,speak] ,re$ to ,mc,kinley--,y've got to bank ! fire "s way or o!r3 ,i c't hold 9 ?is /eam mu* long]4 ,m9neapolis ,tribune4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,late/ ,w> ,bullet94 ,by ,hamilton 9 ,judge4 ,a c>toon l ,grant ,e4 ,hamilton's ,! ,late/ ,w> ,bullet9 we f9d amus+ at ! pres5t "t4 ,we did n f9d x s a little ov] five ye>s ago4 ,?is late/ w> bullet91 pr9t$ 9 asbe/os1 is suppos$ to h be5 j receiv$ f ! inf]nal regions4 ,8 ,satanic maje/y1 ) a s>donic gr9 ^u 8 face1 has j compos$ x to 8 own entire satisfaction4 ,m>k$ up on ! burn+ furnace ( ,hades x reads3 ,only ,spani% w be spok5 "h until fur!r notice--,p4,s4 ,gue/s w please leave _! cr[ns & ,spani% #d's 9 *>ge ( ! night cl]k4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,knife = ! ,am]ican ,pigs4 ,,piratical--7,spa9 accus$ an ,am]ican %ip ( fly+ ! ,spani% flag 9 ord] to cut ! cable7 ,! result ( ! w>--defeats4 ,,sampson--,:]e is ,c]v]a's fleet8 ,mc,kinley & ,engl&4 ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y--,i wond] :at he holds8 ,! ,m9i/] ( ,rev5ue has a spoon = ! w> kettle4 ,spani% ,c>toons ( ! ,spani%-am]ican ,w>4 ,f ,don ,quijote 7,madrid74 ,ano!r equally hide\s c>toon by ,hamilton is t entitl$ ,! ,spani% ,brute ,adds ,mutilation to ,murd]4 ,x %[s a hide\s ape-l mon/] repres5t+ ,spa91 "o blood-dripp+ h& sme>+ ! tomb/ones erect$ to ! sailors ( ! ,ma9e & ! o!r clut*+ a reek+ knife4 ,all ab\t him "u ! tropical trees are ! bodies ( 8 mutilat$ victims4 ,! expression ( ! mon/]'s c\nt5ance is a lesson 9 national prejudice4 ,x %[s h[ f> a well-balanc$ nation may g 9 mom5ts ( bitt]ness & ang]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,spani% ,brute--,adds ,mutilation to ,murd]4 ,by ,hamilton 9 ,judge4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ & amus+ ( all ! c>toons evok$ by ! results ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> appe>$ 9 ,pun* at a "t :5 our dep>ture f our traditional policy began to cause comm5t 9 ,europe4 ,!re are two figures1 t ( ,dame ,europa & t ( ,uncle ,sam4 ,dame ,europa is a lady ( frigid aspect1 ) arms fold$1 & :o has drawn h]self up to full height z %e gazes scornfully at ! complac5t & unruffl$ ,uncle ,sam4 ,to :om d ,i owe ! honor ( ?is intrusion8 %e asks icily4 ,m>m1 my "n is ,uncle ,sam4 ,any relation ( ! late ,colonel ,monroe8 is ! sca?+ retort4 ,no less int]e/+ ?an ! ,am]ican c>toons ( ! ,spani% ,w> are ^? contribut$ by ,spa9 h]self1 al?\gh 9 ! light ( subsequ5t ev5ts !y are *iefly amus+ = _! ov]we5+ confid5ce & braggadocio insol5ce4 ,among ! m extravagant flights ( ,spani% imag9ation1 :i* lat] news turn$ into absurdities1 may be cit$ ,dewey's ,situation1 9 :i* ! victor ( ,manila is repres5t$ z a disconsolate rat1 caught 9 ! ,philipp9e m\se-trap2 ,c]v]a bottles up ,s*ley1 a situation :i* ! sob] facts ( hi/ory aft]w>ds rev]s$2 & ,mc,kinley's ,condition1 9 :i* ! ,presid5t is repres5t$ z swa!d 9 b&ages1 & suff]+ sev]ely f apocryphal injuries receiv$ at ,porto ,rico & ,ci5fuegos4 ,all ( ^! c>toons appe>$ at diff]5t times 9 ! ,madrid ,don ,quijote1 :i* did n always keep on ?is level ( empty boa/+1 b occasionally produc$ "s really clev] c>icature4 ,a regul> feature ( ! ,spani% ,w> c>toons 0 ! ,am]ican ,hog z a symbol ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "s ( ! applications ( ?is idea 9 ! ,don ,quijote 7 di/9ctly amus+4 ,= in/ance1 9 ref]5ce to ,spa9's accusation t an ,am]ican %ip flew ! ,spani% flag at ,guantanamo 9 ord] to approa* ne> en\gh to cut ! cable1 ,am]ica is %[n z a fat hog1 triumphantly /rutt+ along on its h9d legs & o/5tati\sly wav+ ! ,spani% colors4 ,aga91 ! ,sampson-,s*ley controv]sy is hit (f 9 a picture %[+ ,sampson surr\nd$ by a numb] ( naval hogs1 ea* arm$ ) gigantic %e>s & b5t ^u obta9+ ! ,admiral's scalp4 ,/ill ano!r c>toon seeks to expla9 ! real purpose 9 gett+ ,cuba away f ,spa94 ,a drove ( pigs h clu/]$ ar\nd a huge b>rel ( ,cuban molasses & are eag]ly suck+ ! cont5ts ?r\gh tubes4 ,( a m dignifi$ type are ! c>icatures repres5t+ ,spa9 z a beautiful & haughty ,s5orita1 boldly %[+ h[ %e keeps b5ea? h] g>t] a knife = ! ,am]ican pigs2 or po9t+ to h] %oe on :i* ,cuba s]ves z a buckle1 & arrogantly *all5g+ a dim9utive ,mc,kinley1 y c't unbuckle t %oe6 ,illu/ration3 ,y c't unbuckle t %oe4 ,c]v]a bottles up ,s*ley4 ,mc,kinley's condition4 ,dewey's situation4 ,aft] ,sampson's scalp4 ,am]ica's ,real ,desire4 ,ca/el> writes a lett]4 ,?is is = y if y don't behave4 ,spani% ,c>toons ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,f ! ,don ,quijote 7,madrid74 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,! ,,bo] ,,w> ,,& ,,! ,,dreyfus ,,case ,a c>toon :i* 0 a =]unn] ( ! ,transvaal ,w> & ! railway betwe5 ,capet[n & ,cairo 0 t entitl$ ,! ,rhodes ,colossus1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,pun* ,decemb] #aj1 #ahib4 ,x 0 by ! h& ( ,l9ley ,samb\rne4 ,x %[s a colossal figure ( ,cecil ,rhodes /&+ on a map ( ,africa ) "o foot plant$ 9 ,egypt & ! o!r at ! ,cape4 ,9 8 h&s he holds a l9e sugge/+ ! telegraph wire connect+ ! two places4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,rhodes ,colossus4 ,by ,l9ley ,samb\rne4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,situation 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,gillam 9 ,judge4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,engli% ,_w ,k+dom1 or ,bloody ,c>tography4 ,f ! ,lu/ige ,blaett]4 ,al?\gh ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t refus$ to int]f]e 9 ! protract$ /ruggle 9 ! ,transvaal1 ! sympa?y ( ,g]many ) ! ,bo]s f\nd expression 9 a ho/ ( c>toons1 bitt]ly inveigh+ aga9/ ,briti% aggression4 ,?or\ghly *>act]i/ic is "o :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,lu/ige ,blaett] entitl$ ,engli% ,_w-,k+dom2 or1 ,bloody ,c>tography4 ,a grossly di/ort$ c>icature ( ,victoria is /&+ be=e a map ( ! _w1 & dipp+ h] p5 9 a cup ( blood1 held = h] by an army (fic]4 ,*amb]la91 at h] elb[1 is expla9+ t ! l[e/ corn] d[n yond]1 mu/ be pa9t$ r$6 ,ano!r ( ! ,lu/ige ,blaett]'s grim c>toons1 allud+ to ! t]rible price 9 human life t ,engl& paid = h] ultimate victory 9 ! ,transvaal1 depicts ,britannia1 z ,lady ,macbe?1 va9ly try+ to wa% ! /a9 f h] bloody h&s4 ,out1 damn$ spot6 ,9 light] ve9 is ! c>toon :i* is "h reproduc$ f ! ,wi5] ,humori/is*e ,blaett] %[+ ,oom ,paul at ,8 ,favorite ,sport4 ,krug]1 raki%ly array$ 9 t5nis g>b1 is extract+ inf9ite enjoym5t f ! cong5ial ex]cise ( volley+ ,engli% soldi]s1 dress$ up z %uttlecocks1 ov] ! ,transvaal net into ! wat]y dit* beyond4 ,illu/ration3 ,britannia z ,lady ,macbe? try+ to wa% away ! ,/a9s ( ! ,bo] ,w>4 ,f ! ,lu/ige ,blaett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man4 ,m9neapolis ,j\rnal4 ,judg$ by ! mann] x 0 mirror$ 9 ! c>icature ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! ,dreyfus ,case assum$ ! magnitude ( a great w> or a crisis 9 national exi/5ce4 ,dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s t ! degrad$ ,capta9 ( ,artill]y 0 a prison] at ,devil's ,isl&1 :5 ,zola 0 furi\sly accus+1 & ! ,g5]al ,/aff 0 talk+ ab\t ! ,honor ( ! ,army1 & ,france 0 divid$ into two angry camps1 "o _h only to glance at ! curr5t c>toons to realize t ,dreyfus 01 z ! late ,g4 ,w4 ,/eev5s call$ him1 ! mo/ fam\s man 9 ! _w4 ,= a "t ! great p]sonages ( ! e>? 7 relegat$ to ! backgr\nd4 ,! mon>*s & /atesm5 ( ,europe 7 ( int]e/ & importance only s f> z _! c>e]s affect$ t ( ! =m]ly obscure ,jewi% (fic]4 ,illu/ration3 ,oom ,paul's ,favorite ,pa/ime4 ,f ! ,wi5] ,humori/is*e ,blaett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,up aga9/ ! ,brea/works4 ,illu/ration3 ,mr4 ,rhodes--,! ,napoleon ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,f ! ,we/m9/] ,budget 7,london74 ,p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( all ! admirable c>toons deal+ ) l',affaire 0 ! ,design = a ,new ,fr5* ,ba/ile1 :i* 0 ( ,g]man orig9 & :i* caus$ ! pap] publi%+ x to be exclud$ f ,fr5* t]ritory4 ,x appe>$ j aft] ,colonel ,h5ry _h cut 8 ?roat ) a razor 9 8 cell 9 ! ,=tress ( ,v9c5nes1 :5 suspicions ( collusion 7 op5ly express$1 & "s w5t s f> z to h9t t ! prison]'s dea? might be a case ( murd] & n suicide4 ,! ,design = a ,new ,fr5* ,ba/ile %[$ a =midable =tress on ! l9es ( ! fam\s prison de/roy$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution ) a r[ ( ! special cells b5ea?4 ,9 "o ( ^! cells a load$ revolv] 0 plac$ conspicu\sly on ! *air2 9 ! next 0 se5 a %>p5$ razor2 f a /\t b> 9 a ?ird cell dangl$ a conv5i5t noose4 ,! inf]5ce 0 obvi\s1 & ! fact t ! cells 7 label$ = ,picqu>t1 = ,zola1 = ,labori & ! o!r def5d]s ( ,dreyfus gave ! c>toon an add$ & s9i/] significance4 ,9 c>icature ! ,dreyfus case 0 a battle betwe5 a small numb] ( ,anti-,dreyfuss>d arti/s on ! "o h&1 & ! ,dreyfus press ) all ! c>tooni/s ( ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates z its allies on ! o!r4 ,! opportunity to exalt ! prison]1 to hold him up z a m>tyr1 to int]pret pictorially ! _s ( ,zola's r++ la v]ite e/ en m>*e1 et ri5 ne l'arret]a6 (f]$ a va/ field = dramatic c>icature4 ,on ! o!r h& ! c>toon aga9/ ,dreyfus & 8 def5d]s 0 ess5tially negative1 & ! wond] is t ! r\t ( ! m9ority 0 n great]--x %\ld h be5 a v]itable sauve qui peut4 ,illu/ration3 ,fire6 ,f ,ps/ 7,p>is74 ,illu/ration3 ,! la/ ,phase ( ! ,dreyfus ,case4 ,ju/ice takes ,dreyfus into h] c>4 ,f ,am/]damm]4 ,! _s ( anti-,dreyfuss>d c>icature 0 ,anti-,semitism4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( ! c>toons on ?is side purport$ to contra/ ,france be=e #aghi & ,france at ! end ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,9 ! fir/ picture we 7 %[n a peasant toil+ labori\sly along a furr[ 9 ! gr\nd1 be>+ on 8 %\ld]s a b]ibbon$ & beplum$ ari/ocrat ( ! old regime1 ^: ?ighs grip ! neck ( ! man bel[ ) ! t5acity ( ! ,old ,man ( ! ,sea4 ,t 0 ,france be=e ! ,revolution came ) its bloody lesson4 ,9 ! picture %[+ ,france at ! end ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury !re 0 ! same peasant toil+ along at ! bottom1 b ! burd5 "u :i* he tott]$ 0 fivefold4 ,above him 0 ! petty m]*ant1 :o 9 turn c>ri$ on 8 %\ld]s ! lawy]1 & s on until rid+ along1 arrogantly & o/5tati\sly1 at ! top 0 ! figure ( ! =eign-born ,jew1 secure ?r\gh ! possession ( 8 ta9t$ millions4 ,illu/ration3 ,t[>d ,fre$om4 ,,madame ,,la ,,republique--,welcome1 ,m4 ,le ,capita9e4 ,let me hope t ,i may soon return y y\r sword4 ,f ,pun* 7,london74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,dut* ,view4 ,! pres5t condition ( ! ,fr5* g5]al /aff4 ,f ,am/]damm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis4 ,,waldeck-,,r\sseau--,=w>d1 de> fri5ds1 look nei!r to ! "r nor ! left1 & we w w9 ?r\gh at la/4 ,f ,humori/is*e ,blaett] 7,b]l974 ,! dang]\s /raits ?r\gh :i* ! ,waldeck-,r\sseau m9i/ry 0 oblig$ to pass 7 hit (f 9 a c>toon appe>+ 9 ! ,humori/is*e ,blaett] ( ,b]l91 entitl$ ,betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis4 ,on "o side ( ! n>r[ wat]way a trea*]\s rock %[s ! yawn+ jaws ( ! ,army4 ,on ! o!r side1 equally hide\s & ?reat5+1 gleam ! %>p5$ tee? ( ! face typify+ ! ,dreyfus ,p>ty4 ,waldeck-,r\sseau1 appreciat+ ! *opp9ess ( ! sea & ! dang]\s rocks1 calls to 8 gallant crew3 ,=w>d1 de> fri5ds1 look nei!r to ! "r nor to ! left1 & we w w9 ?r\gh at la/4 ,_m ( ! c>toons deal+ ) ! ,dreyfus case 7 ma9ly symbolic 9 _! nature2 full ( figures ( ,ju/ice ) h] ,scales1 ,ju/ice ,bl9dfold$ & ) ,un%ea!d ,sword1 ,swords ( ,damocles & s on4 ,a ,dut* c>toon 9 ,am/]damm]1 entitl$ ,! ,la/ ,phase ( ! ,dreyfus ,case1 %[$ ,ju/ice tak+ ! un=tunate capta9 into h] c>4 ,! horses draw+ ! c> 7 l$ by ,s*eur]-,ke/n] & ,zola1 :ile foll[+ ! *>iot1 to :i* !y are l9k$ by ignom9i\s *a9s1 7 ! discr$it$ ,*iefs ( ! ,army4 ,! same pap] humor\sly summ$ up ! condition ( ! ,fr5* ,g5]al ,/aff 9 a picture %[+ a fall+ h\se ( :i* ! occupants1 pull+ at cross-purposes1 7 accel]at+ ! d[nfall4 ,! decision ^u ,revision & ! dispat*+ ( ! ,spax to ,cay5ne to br+ ,dreyfus back to ,france 0 commemorat$ 9 ,london ,pun* 9 a dignifi$ c>toon call$ ,t[>d ,fre$om4 ,madame la ,republique greet$ ,dreyfus3 ,welcome1 ,m4 le ,capita9e4 ,let me hope ,i may soon return y y\r sword4 ,! same phase ( ! case 0 m malici\sly int]pret$ by ,lu/ige ,blaett] ( ,b]l9 9 a c>toon entitl$ ,at ,devil's ,isl&1 :i* %[$ ! ,ma/] ( ! ,isl& /udy+ gr9n+ly a numb] ( (fic]s :om he held 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 & say+3 ,!y take away "o capta9 f me3 b look "h1 a :ole h&ful ( g5]als6 ,oh1 aft] all1 ! arrangem5t is n s bad4 ,illu/ration3 ,at ,devil's ,isl&4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,isl&4--,!y take away "o capta9 f me2 b look "h1 a :ole h&ful ( g5]als6 ,oh1 aft] all1 ! arrangem5t is n s bad4 ,f ,lu/ige ,blaett] 7,b]l974 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,! ,,m5 ,,( ,,to-,,day ,) ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 ! ,affaire ,dreyfus 9 ,france1 & ,engl&'s long /ruggle = supremacy 9 ! ,transvaal1 ! p]iod arbitr>ily *os5 z ! scope ( ?is book comes to a brilliant & dramatic close4 ,b ! c>tooni/'s "w is nev] done4 ,nimble p5cils are /ill busy1 z 9 ! days ( ,r[l&son & ,gillray1 9 record+ & 9 influ5c+ ! tr5d ( hi/ory4 ,& al?\gh1 n[ & aga9 dur+ ! pa/ c5tury1 !re has be5 "s individual c>tooni/ ^: "w has /ood out m boldly & prom95tly ?an ! "w ( any "o ( our contempor>ies 9 ,europe or 9 ?is c\ntry /&s out to-day1 !re has nev] be5 a "t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( comic art :5 ,c>icature has held su* sway & ma9ta9$ su* dignity1 & has enli/$ 9 h] s]vice s _m work]s ( ! fir/ tal5t & rank4 ,)\t allud+ to ! m5 ( ,france & ,engl&1 :at an array x is t contempor>y ,am]ican c>icature pres5ts6 ,c4 ,g4 ,bu% ( ! ,new ,york ,_w1 ,*>les ,nelan ( ! ,new ,york ,h]ald1 ,fr$]ick ,burr ,opp] & ,hom] ,dav5port ( ! ,new ,york ,am]ican & ,j\rnal1 ,mahoney ( ! ,wa%+ton ,/>1 ,bradley ( ! ,*icago ,ev5+-,news1 ,may ( ! ,detroit ,j\rnal1 ,b>t ( ! ,m9neapolis ,j\rnal1 ,mayfield ( ! ,new ,orleans ,times-,democrat1 ,victor ,gillam1 c>ry+ on ! traditions ( 8 bro!r--,rog]s1 ,walk]1 ,h$rick1 ,b[man1 ,mc,cutcheon1 ,lambd91 ,wallace1 ,leipzig]1 ,b]ryman1 ,holme1 ,b>?olemew1 ,c>t]1 ,/eele1 ,p[]s1 ,b>ritt--& to "n ^! m5 does n ne>ly exhau/ ! li/ ( ^? arti/s ^: clev] "w has amus$ & unconsci\sly influ5c$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ?9k+ ,am]ican m5 & wom54 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,g4 ,bu% ( ,! ,_w4 ,! ,dean ( ,active ,am]ican ,c>tooni/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,willie & 8 ,papa4 ,:at on e>? are y do+ 9 !re1 ,willie8 ,t$dy put me 94 ,he says x's ! be/ place = me dur+ ! campaign4 ,!re are int]e/ & significance 9 ! fact t a majority ( ! able/ c>icaturi/s ( to-day are devot+ _! tal5ts almo/ exclusively to ! daily press4 ,x is an exact+ sort ( "w1 exhau/ive bo? physically & m5tally4 ,! m]e idea ( produc+ a s+le daily c>toon1 week 9 & week out1--?irty c>toons a mon?1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five c>toons a ye>1 ) ! regul>ity ( a ma*9e1--is 9 itself appall+4 ,& yet a /eadily gr[+ numb] ( arti/s are turn+ to ?is class ( "w1 & "o reason = ?is is t !y realize t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! daily press _! influ5ce is m f>-rea*+ ?an x possibly c be 9 ! pages ( ! comic weeklies1 & t at ! same "t ! exig5cies ( j\rnalism all[ m scope = individuality ?an d ! c>efully plann$ c>toons ( pap]s l ,puck or ,judge4 ,spe$ & orig9ality are ! two prime requisites ( ! successful newspap] c>toon ( to-day1 a maximum ( ?\ght express$ 9 a m9imum ( l9es1 apposite1 cle>-cut1 & incisive1 l a well-writt5 editorial4 ,inde$1 our lead+ c>tooni/s reg>d _! art z simply ano!r & especially tell+ m$ium = giv+ expression to editorial op9ion4 ,mr4 ,bu%1 ! dean ( ,am]ican c>icaturi/s1 may be said to h spok5 = !m all :5 he said1 9 a rec5t int]view1 t he looks ^u a c>toon z an editorial pure & simple4 ,to be a success x %\ld po9t a moral4 ,exagg]ation & a ke5 s5se ( humor are only adjuncts ( ! c>tooni/1 = he mu/ deal ) real p4 ,he mu/ also be a /ud5t4 ,i am oblig$ n only to use my p5cil1 b to /udy h>d1 & read ev]y?+ ,i c lay my h&s on4 ,! features ( ,roosevelt1 ,bryan1 ,hanna1 & ,crok] may be famili> to me1 b ,i mu/ "k :at ^! m5 are do+4 ,i mu/ also "k :at ! masses beh9d ^! popul> *>act]s ?9k & believe4 ,illu/ration3 ,hom] ,dav5port1 ( ! ,new ,york ,am]ican & ,j\rnal4 ,ano!r direct result ( ! influ5ce ( j\rnalism ^u c>icature1 9 addition to t ( compell+ ! arti/ to keep 9 clos] t\* ?an ev] be=e ) contempor>y hi/ory1 is ! gr[+ popul>ity ( ! s]ies me?od--a me?od :i* dates back to ! ,macaire ( ,philipon & ! ,mayeux ( ,travies1 & :i* consi/s 9 portray+ day by day ! same m or less grotesque types1 ev] und]go+ "s new & absurd adv5ture4 ,x is a me?od :i* suits ! ne$s ( arti/ & public alike4 ,to ! =m]1 8 gr[+ famili>ity ) e l9e & detail ( ! features & =ms ( 8 pictorial puppets m9imizes 8 daily task1 :ile ! public1 ev5 t "p ( ! public :i* is oppos$ to comic art 9 g5]al1 or is out ( sympa?y ) ! political attitude ( a c]ta9 s]ies 9 p>ticul>1 f9ds itself gradually becom+ famili> ) ! s]ies1 ?r\gh fugitive & unexpect$ glimpses1 & ends by foll[+ ! s]ies ) amusem5t & int]e/ & a gr[+ curiosity z to :at new & absurd complications ! arti/ w next introduce4 ,?is employm5t ( ! s]ies idea is z successful 9 social z political satire4 ,mr4 ,outcault's ,yell[ ,kid & ,bu/] ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,opp]'s ,happy ,hooligan & ,alphonse & ,ga/on1 ,g5e ,c>r's ,lady ,b\ntiful1 & ,c>l ,s*ultze's ,foxy ,gr&pa are types t h won fri5ds ?r\gh\t ! bread? ( ! cont95t4 ,9 ! doma9 ( /rictly political c>icature1 h[ev]1 !re is no s]ies t has attract$ m att5tion ?an ,hom] ,dav5port's famili> conception ( ! ,tru/s1 symboliz$ z a bulky1 ov]gr[n1 unc\? figure1 a primordial giant f ! ,/one ,age4 ,& s9ce !re h be5 a numb] ( apocryphal /ories reg>d+ ! s\rce ( ,mr4 ,dav5port's inspiration1 x w n be )\t int]e/ to pr9t ! arti/'s own /atem5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he says1 ,i got ! idea 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,squ>e 9 ,v5ice4 ,see+ a flock ( pigeons fly+ ab\t 9 t neighborhood ,i imm$iately1 ) my love ( birds & bea/s1 det]m9$ by fair means or f\l to purlo9 a pair4 ,i wat*$ !m fly hi!r & ?i!r1 & 9 foll[+ !m came across a /atue ( ,samson ?r[+ "s man or o!r--,i =get 8 "n--to ! gr\nd4 ,! abnormal size ( ! muscles ( ! figure /ruck me at once1 & turn+ r\nd to my wife1 :o 0 ) me1 ,i said ) a sudd5 inspir$ ?\ght1 ',! ,tru/s6' ,illu/ration3 ,dav5port's ,conception ( ! ,tru/s4 ,( equal importance are ! v>i\s s]ies 9 light] ve9 ?r\gh :i* ,mr4 ,opp] aims to lead p to ! same way ( ?9k+ politically z ! pap] :i* he s]ves4 ,long ye>s ( labor & con/ant production d n seem to h 9 any way dra9$ 8 p[] ( inv5tion1 = no soon] has "o s]ies done its "w1 & be=e ! public has become sat$ ) x1 ?an an entirely new l9e ( c>toons is introduc$4 ,mr4 ,opp]1 z well z ,mr4 ,dav5port1 has _h 8 fl+ at & drawn 8 figure ( ! ,tru/s1 & to place ! two figures side by side is to contra/ ! me?ods & "w ( ! m54 ,mr4 ,opp]'s purpose seems to be1 fir/ ( all1 to excite y\r mir?1 & consequ5tly he nev] fails to produce a c]ta9 effect4 ,:5 y take up "o ( 8 c>toons 9 :i* ! v>i\s /\t1 /urdy1 & well-f$ g5tlem5 typify+ ! diff]5t ,tru/s are engag$ 9 "s pleasant game ! object ( :i* is ! robb+1 or abus+ ( ! pitiable1 dw>fi% figure repres5tative ( ! ,common ,p1 y\r fir/ impulse is a desire to laugh at ! ludicr\s contra/4 ,x is only aft]w>ds t y beg9 to ?9k s]i\sly h[ badly ! abject little victim is be+ treat$1 & :at a claim he has ^u y\r sympa?y & indignation4 ,9 ^? s]ies :i* are design$ entirely along p>ty l9es1 su* z ,willie & 8 ,papa1 ?is me?od is ev5 m effective1 s9ce x beg9s by dis>m+ p>ty opposition4 ,( su* m51 & ! y\ng] draughtsm5 ( to-day1 mu* m might be writt5 ) sympa!tic und]/&+ & en?usiasm4 ,b mo/ ( !m belong r to ! c5tury t has j begun r ?an t :i* has lately clos$1 & a hundr$ ye>s f n[1 :oev] attempts to d = ! tw5tie? c5tury a s]vice analog\s to t :i* has "h be5 und]tak5 = ! n9ete5?1 w f9d an inf9itely ampl] & ri*] /ore ( mat]ial1 ?anks to ?is gr\p ( y\ng] satiri/s 9 ! full flood ( _! en?usiasm1 :o are valiantly c>ry+ on ! traditions ( ! m5 ( ! pa/--( ,lee* & ,t5niel1 ( ,daumi]1 & ,philipon1 & ,*am & ,&re ,gill1 ( ,na/ & ,keppl] & ,gillam1 & :o h already begun to record ) tr5*ant p5cil ! ev5ts t are u%]+ 9 ! dawn ( ! new c5tury4 ,,! ,,end