file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation 9 ! orig9al docum5t has be5 pres]v$4 ,bold$ text has be5 m>k$ l s4 ,greek text has be5 m>k$ l s4 ,a ,table ( ,cont5ts has be5 add$ = ! read]'s conv5i5ce4 ,!re is no ,*apt] #ac4 ,9 ! classification *apt] ! au?or uses diff]5t sizes = ! ,class & ,ord] head]s1 ! small] ,ord] head]s are del9eat$ l s4 ,& inconsi/ant illu/ration placem5t has be5 regul>iz$4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,= a complete li/1 please see ! end ( ?is docum5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,,am]ican ,,pomology4 ,,apples4 ,,by ,,doct4 ,,john ,a4 ,,w>d]1 ,,presid5t ,,ohio ,,pomological ,,society2 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,am]ican ,,pomological ,,society1 ,,etc4 #bij ,,illu/rations4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,orange ,,judd ,,& ,,company4 #bde ,,broadway4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfg1 by ,,orange ,,judd ,,co41 ,at ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,,lovejoy ,,son1 ,electrotyp]s & ,/]eotyp]s1 #ae ,v&ewat] ,/41 ,n4,y4 ,,preface4 ,all patriots may realize a s5se ( pride1 :5 !y consid] ! capabilities ( ! glori\s c\ntry 9 :i* we are favor$ to live2 & :ile fo/]+ no sectional feel+s1 nor plead+ any local int]e/s1 yet1 z ,am]icans & z m51 we may be all[$ to love our own homes1 our own neighborhoods1 our ,/ates & regions2 & we may be p]mitt$ to ?9k !m ! brighte/ & be/ portions ( ! great ,republic to :i* we all belong4 ,!re=e ! writ] asks to be excus$ = express+ a pref]5ce = 8 own favor$ ,nor?we/1 & :ile claim+ all praise = ?is noble expanse1 he wi%es /ill to be ackn[l$g$ z mo/ devot$ly an ,,am]ican ,,citiz51 :o feels ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,8 fell[-labor]s 9 ! ext5sive field ( ,horticulture1 :o are scatt]$ ov] ! great ,nor?we/1 hav+ call$ ^u him = a "w on fruits :i* %\ld be adapt$ to _! wants1 ! au?or has = sev]al ye>s devot$ himself to ! task ( collect+ mat]ials f :i* he is prep>+ a "w ^u ,,am]ican ,,pomology1 ( :i* ?is is to be ! fir/ volume4 ,! title has be5 adopt$ z ! mo/ appropriate1 because ! book is int5d$ to be truly ,am]ican 9 its "*1 &1 ?\gh x may be especially adapt$ to ! wants ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 great pa9s h be5 tak5 to make x a useful companion to ! or*>di/s ( all portions ( our c\ntry4 ,:5 exam9+ ?is volume1 8 fri5ds are ask$ to look g5tly ^u ! _m faults !y may f9d1 & !y are reque/$ also to obs]ve ! peculi>ities by :i* ?is fruit book is *>act]iz$4 ,mu* to 8 regret1 ! au?or f\nd t x 0 consid]$ necess>y to ! complet5ess ( ! volume1 t ! g5]al subject ( fruit-gr[+ %\ld be treat$ 9 detail1 &1 !re=e1 introductory *apt]s 7 prep>$2 :]eas1 he _h set out simply to describe ! fruits ( our c\ntry4 ,to ?is necessity1 z x 0 consid]$ by 8 fri5ds1 ! au?or yield$ reluctantly1 because he felt t ?is labor _h already be5 ?or\ghly done by 8 pr$ecessors1 ^: volumes 7 to be se5 9 ! h\ses ( all intellig5t fruit-gr[]s4 ,f !m he did n wi% to borr[ o!r m5's ideas & language1 & !re=e und]took to write ! :ole anew1 )\t any ref]5ce to pr9t$ books4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 x is impossible to be orig9al 9 treat+ su* famili> & hackney$ topics z ^? :i* are discuss$ at e meet+ ( horticulturi/s all ov] ! c\ntry1 & :i* =m ! subject ( ! famili> disc\rse ( ! gre5-h\se & nurs]y1 ! pott+-%$ & ! graft+-room1 ! g>d5 & ! or*>d4 ,aft] ! introductory *apt]s ^u ! g5]al or lead+ topics connect$ ) fruit-culture & or*>d+1 ! read] w f9d t especial att5tion has be5 paid to ! classification ( ! fruits "u consid]ation 9 ?is volume4 ,classification is ! great ne$ ( our pomology1 &1 inde$1 x is almo/ a new idea to _m ,am]ican read]s4 ,! au?or has fully realiz$ ! difficulties att5dant ^u ! und]tak+1 b its importance1 & its gr[+ necessity1 7 consid]$ suffici5t to w>rant ! attempt$ innovation4 ,x is hop$ t ,am]ican /ud5ts ( pomology w appreciate ! ef=ts :i* h be5 made 9 _! behalf4 ,! =mul :i* h be5 adopt$ may n prove to be ! be/1 b x is believ$ t !y w r5d] great assi/ance to ^? :o desire to id5tify fruits2 & t1 at lea/1 !y may lead to a m p]fect classification 9 ! future4 ,on ! contr>y1 ) ^! simple =mul1 "u :i* ! fruits are arrang$1 ! /ud5t has only to decide z to :i* ( ! sub-divisions 8 specim5 mu/ be ref]r$1 & !n seek among a limit$ numb] = ! description t %all correspond to 8 fruit1 & ! id5tification is made out4 ,9 ! sy/ematic descriptions ( fruits1 ! alphabetical succession ( ! names is us$ 9 ea* sub-division4 ,an e>ne/ endeavor has be5 made to be m9ute 9 ! details )\t becom+ prolix4 ,a regul> ord] is adopt$ = consid]+ ! sev]al p>ts1 & "s new or unusual *>act]s are br\ght into requisition to aid 9 ! id5tification4 ,"s ( ^! *>act]s appe> to h be5 /rangely ov]look$ by previ\s pomologi/s1 ?\gh !y are believ$ to be p]man5t & ( consid]able value 9 ! diagnosis4 ,9 decid+ ^u ! selection ( ! names ( fruits1 ! g5]ally receiv$ rules ( our ,pomological ,societies h be5 dep>t$ f 9 a few in/ances1 :]e good reasons 7 ?\ght to ju/ify diff]+ f ! au?orities4 ,?us1 :5 a giv5 "n has be5 g5]ally adopt$ ov] a l>ge ext5t ( c\ntry1 ?\gh diff]5t f t us$ by a previ\s writ]1 x has be5 select$ z ! title ( ! fruit 9 ?is "w4 ,to avoid incumb]+ ! pages1 au?orities = ! nom5clature h n be5 cit$1 except 9 a few in/ances1 nor h num]\s synonyms be5 introduc$4 ,su* only z are 9 common use h be5 giv51 & ^? ( =eign orig9 h be5 dropp$4 ,! att5tion ( ! read] is p>ticul>ly direct$ to ! catalogue ( fruits ne> ! close ( ! volume1 :i* also answ]s z ! index to ^? :i* are describ$ 9 detail4 ,?is portion ( ! "w has co/ an imm5se am\nt ( labor & "t1 &1 ?\gh mak+ little display1 w1 x is hop$1 prove v useful to ! or*>di/4 ,9 x ! names ( fruits are pres5t$ 9 _! alphabetical ord]1 foll[$ by in=mation z to ! av]age size1 ! orig9 ( ! v>iety1 its classification1 f :i* are d$uc$ its %ape1 flavor & modes ( color+2 next is not$ its season1 & !n its quality4 ,?is la/ "* is1 ( c\rse1 b ! result ( private judgm5t1 & ! e/imate may diff] widely f t ( o!rs2 ! quality1 too1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is "h int5d$ to be ! result ( a consid]ation ( _m prop]ties besides t ( m]e flavor4 ,?is catalogue w furni% a great deal ( in=mation respect+ ! fruits x embraces4 ,un=tunately1 x is n s full nor s complete z x %\ld be1 b x is (f]$ z ! result ( _m ye>s' obs]vations1 & is submitt$ = :at x is wor?4 ,,ackn[l$gm5ts4--,x is b an act ( common ju/ice = an au?or to ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness to ^? :o h aid$ him 9 8 labors1 especially :]e1 f ! nature ( ! inve/igations1 s mu* mat]ial has to be drawn f extr9sic s\rces4 ,^u ! pres5t occasion1 in/ead ( an ext5d$ p>ade ( ref]5ces to ! productions ( o!r writ]s1 :i* might be look$ ^u z r p$antic1 x is pref]r$ to make a g5]al ackn[l$gm5t ( ! important assi/ance d]iv$ f _m pomological au?ors ( our own c\ntry & ( ,europe4 ,quotations are cr$it$ on ! pages :]e !y occur4 ,b ! writ] is also "u great obligations to a ho/ ( co-labor]s = ! assi/ance !y h k9dly r5d]$ him 9 ! collect+1 & 9 ! exam9ation & id5tification ( fruits4 ,su* fri5ds he has happily f\nd :]ev] he has turn$ 9 ! pursuit ( ^! inve/igations1 & !re are o!rs :om x has nev] be5 8 good =tune to meet face to face4 ,to "n !m all w\ld be impossible4 ,! contemplation ( _! favors sadly recalls memories ( ! dep>t$1 b x also revives pleasant associations ( ! bright spirits t are /ill usefully engag$ 9 ! num]\s pomological & horticultural associations ( our c\ntry1 :i* h become important ag5cies 9 ! diffusion ( valuable in=mation 9 ?is bran* ( /udy4 ,to all ( 8 k9d fri5ds ! au?or returns 8 s9c]e ?anks4 ,) a feel+ ( hesitation 9 com+ be=e ! public1 b satisfi$ t he has made a contribution to ! fund ( human k1 ?is volume is pres5t$ to ! ,horticulturi/s ( our c\ntry1 = :om x 0 prep>$ by _! fri5d & fell[-labor]1 ,,jno4 ,a4 ,,w>d]4 ,,a/on1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahfg4 ,,cont5ts ,,introduction4 #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #bf ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apple4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #eb ,,propagation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #add ,,dw>f+4 ,,*apt] ,v4 #afj ,,diseases4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #aih ,,! ,,site ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 #bac ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,soil ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 #bbi ,,selection ,,& ,,plant+4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 #bdb ,,culture1 ,,etc4 ,,*apt] ,x4 #bea ,,philosophy ,,( ,,prun+4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #bfc ,,?9n+4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 #bge ,,rip5+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,fruits4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 #bid ,,insects4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 #cej ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,fruits ,,& ,,_! ,,value4 ,,t]ms ,,us$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 #cff ,,classification4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 #fih ,,fruit ,,li/s4 ,,introduction4 ,,importance ,,( ,,or*>d ,,products4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,/ati/ics4 ,,great ,,value ,,( ,,or*>d ,,& ,,g>d5 ,,products4 ,,delights ,,( ,,fruit ,,culture4 ,,temp]ate ,,regions ,,! ,,prop] ,,field ,,= ,,fruit ,,culture1 ,,z ,,= ,,m5tal ,,developm5t4 ,,plants ,,( ,,culture1 ,,plants ,,( ,,nature4 ,,nomadic ,,condition ,,unfavorable ,,= ,,t]ra-,,culture4 ,,necessities ,,( ,,an ,,increas+ ,,population ,a ,,spur4 ,,high ,,civilization ,,dem&s ,,high ,,culture4 ,,horticulture ,a ,,f9e ,,art1 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,! ,,f>m]',s ,,life4 ,,moral ,,influ5ces ,,( ,,fruit-,,culture4 ,,s+ul> ,,legislation ,,respect+ ,,prop]ty ,,9 ,,fruit4 ,,influ5ce ,,^u ,,heal?4 ,,apples ,,9 ,,bread-,,mak+2 ,,z ,,food ,,= ,,/ock4 ,,s\rces ,,& ,,r\tes ,,( ,,introduction4 ,,ag5cy ,,( ,,nurs]ym54 ,,indian ,,or*>ds4 ,,fr5* ,,settl]s4 ,,johnny ,,apple-,,se$4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,fruits1 ,,l ,,man1 ,,foll[ ,,p>allels ,,( ,,latitude4 ,,local ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,m]it ,,to ,,be ,,*]i%$4 ,,ohio ,,pur*ase4 ,,silas ,,:>ton4 ,,! ,,putnam ,,li/4 ,few p]sons h any idea ( ! great value & importance ( ! products ( our or*>ds & fruit-g>d5s4 ,^! are g5]ally consid]$ ! small ?+s ( agriculture1 & are ov]look$ by all b ! /ati/1 ^: bus9ess x is to deal ) ^! m9uti1 to hunt !m up1 to collocate !m1 & :5 he comb9es ^! v>i\s details & produces ! sum total1 we are all a/oni%$ at ! result4 ,our gov]nm5t wisely provides = ! ga!r+ ( /ati/ics at int]vals ( t5 ye>s1 & "s ( ! ,/ates also take an acc\nt ( /ock & production at int]m$iate p]iods1 "s ( !m1 l ,ohio1 h a p]man5t /ati/ician :o reports annually to ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate4 ,our ,bo>ds ( ,trade publi% ! am\nts ( ! lead+ articles t arrive at & dep>t f ! pr9cipal cities1 & ?us !y furni% u mu* additional in=mation ( value4 ,besides ?is1 ! c\nty assessors are sometimes direct$ to collect /ati/ics ^u c]ta9 po9ts ( int]e/1 & n[ t we all contribute t[>d ! ext9ction ( ! national debt1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,assessors 9 ! sev]al di/ricts are put 9 possession ( data1 :i* %\ld be v correct1 9 reg>d to c]ta9 productions t are specifi$ by act ( ,congress z liable to taxation4 ,by ^! sev]al means we may h an opportunity ( le>n+ f "t to "t :at are ! productions ( ! c\ntry1 & _! aggregate am\nts are surpris+ to mo/ ( u4 ,:5 !y relate to our special int]e/s1 !y are (t5 v enc\rag+4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ^? p]sons :o h yield$ to ! popul> prejudice t cotton 0 ! ma9 agricultural production ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 to su* x w be satisfactory to le>n t ! crop ( corn1 z report$ 9 ! la/ c5sus1 is ( ne>ly equal value1 at ! usual m>ket prices ( ea* article4 ,fruit-gr[]s w be enc\rag$ to f9d t ! value ( or*>d products1 accord+ to ! same returns1 0 ne>ly tw5ty millions1 t ( ,ohio be+ ne>ly "o million2 ( ,new ,york1 ne>ly ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s millions2 t ! w9e crop ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an int]e/ t is /ill 9 its infancy1 am\nt$ to ne>ly ?ree & "o-qu>t] millions2 & t ! valuation ( m>ket g>d5 products sums up to m ?an sixte5 millions ( doll>s' wor?4 ,x is to be regrett$ t = our pres5t purpose1 ! data are n suffici5tly di/9ct to enable u to asc]ta9 ! relative value ( ! productions ( our or*>ds ( apples1 pe>s1 pea*es1 qu9ces1 & ! am\nt & value ( ! small fruits1 z !y are t]m$1 s9ce ^! are v>i\sly gr\p$ 9 ! returns ( ! c5sus tak]s1 & _c n[ be sep>at$4 ,( _! great value1 h[ev]1 we may draw our conclusions f sep>ate records t h be5 kept & report$ by individuals1 :o ass]t ! products ( v9ey>ds 9 "s cases to h be5 z high z ?ree ?\s& doll>s p] acre2 ( /rawb]ries1 at "o ?\s& doll>s2 ( pe>s1 at "o hundr$ doll>s p] tree1 :i* w\ld be f\r ?\s& doll>s p] acre2 ( apples1 at tw5ty-five bu%els p] tree1 or "o ?\s& bu%els p] acre1 :i*1 at fifty c5ts p] bu%el1 w\ld produce five hundr$ doll>s4 ,b1 leav+ ?is matt] ( doll>s & c5ts1 :o w portray = u ! delights incid5t to fruit-culture8 ,!y are ( a quiet nature1 ?\gh solid & endur+4 ,!y c>ry u back to ! e>ly days ( ! hi/ory ( our race1 :5 ! ,"l ,god plant$ a g>d5 ea/w>d 9 ,ed5 444 & out ( ! gr\nd made ! ,"l ,god to gr[ e tree t is pleasant to ! sight1 & good = food 444 & ! ,"l ,god took ! man & put him into ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 to dress x & to keep x4 ,we are left to inf] t ?is dress+ & keep+ ( ! g>d5 0 b a light & pleasant occupation1 unatt5d$ ) toil & tr\ble1 & t 9 _! natural condition ! trees & plants1 unaid$ by culture1 yield$ food = man4 ,^? 7 p>adisean times1 ! days ( e>ly innoc5ce1 :5 man1 creat$ 9 ! image ( 8 ,mak]1 0 /ill ob$i5t to ! div9e comm&s2 b1 aft] ! great transgression1 ev]y?+ 0 alt]$1 ! v gr\nd 0 curs$1 ?orns & ?i/les %all x br+ =? to !e1 & ?\ %alt eat ( ! h]b ( ! field4 ,9 ! sweat ( ?y face %alt ?\ eat bread4----,f t day to ! pres5t h\r x has be5 ! lot ( man to /ruggle ) difficulties 9 ! cultivation ( ! soil1 & he has be5 driv5 to ! necessity ( con/ant wat*fulness & c>e to pres]ve & to improve ! v>i\s fruits ( ! e>? ^u :i* he subsi/s4 ,9 ! tropics1 x is true1 !re are _m vegetable productions :i* are adapt$ = human food1 ev5 9 a /ate ( nature1 & !re we f9d less necessity = ! ef=t ( +5uity & ! application ( ?\ght & labor to produce a subsi/5ce4 ,amid ^! productive plants ( nature1 ! natives ( su* regions lead an idle life1 & seldom rise above a l[ scale ( advancem5t2 b 9 ! temp]ate regions ( ! globe1 :]e ! unceas+ ef=t ( ! inhabitants is requir$ to procure _! daily food1 we f9d ! greate/ developm5t ( human en]gies & +5uity--!re man ?9ks1 & works2 !re1 inde$1 he is =c$ to improve ! natural productions ( ! e>?--& !re we %all f9d him progress+4 ,z ) ev]y?+ else1 s x is ) fruits1 "s ( :i* 7 naturally indiff]5t or ev5 in$ible1 until subject$ to ! meliorat+ influ5ces ( high culture1 ( selection1 & ( improvem5t4 ,"h we f9d our plants ( culture1 :i* s well repay ! labor & skill be/[$ ^u !m4 ,9 ! e>ly p]iods ( ! hi/ory ( our race1 :ile m5 7 nomadic & w&]$ f place to place1 little att5tion 0 paid to any dep>tm5t ( agricultural improvem5t1 & /ill less c>e 0 be/[$ ^u horticulture4 ,inde$1 x c sc>cely be suppos$ t1 "u su* conditions1 ei!r bran* ( ! art c\ld h exi/$1 any m ?an !y are n[ f\nd among ! w&]+ hordes ( ,t>t>s on ! /eppes ( ,asia4 ,s soon1 h[ev]1 z m5 began to take possession ( ! soil by a m p]man5t t5ure1 agriculture & horticulture also1 attract$ _! *ief att5tion1 & 7 soon develop$ into arts ( life4 ,) advanc+ civilization1 ?is has be5 successively m & m ! case2 ! produc+ art be+ oblig$ to keep pace ) ! increas$ numb] ( consum]s1 great] +5uity 0 requir$ & 0 appli$ to ! production ( food = ! teem+ millions ( human be+s t cov]$ ! e>?1 &1 z we f9d1 9 ,*9a1 at ! pres5t "t1 ! greate/ pa9s 7 tak5 to make ! e>? yield h] increase4 ,high civilization dem&s high culture ( ! soil1 & agriculture becomes an honor$ pursuit1 ) e dep>tm5t ( art & sci5ce com+ to its assi/ance4 ,at ! same "t1 & impell$ by ! same necessities1 support$ & aid$ by ! same co-adjutors1 horticulture also advances 9 a simil> ratio1 &1 f its v nature1 assumes ! rank ( a f9e art1 be+ less ess5tial ?an pure agriculture1 & 9 "s ( its bran*es be+ r an ornam5tal ?an simply a useful art4 ,x is n admitt$1 h[ev]1 t any dep>tm5t ( horticulture is to be consid]$ useless1 & _m ( its applications are em95tly practical1 & result 9 ! production ( va/ quantities ( human food ( ! mo/ valuable k9d4 ,?is pursuit always m>ks ! advancem5t ( a community4--,z our we/]n pione]s progress 9 _! improvem5ts f ! primitive log cab9s to ! m elegant & sub/antial dwell+ h\ses1 we ev] f9d ! g>d5 & ! or*>d1 ! v9e-arbor & ! b]ry-pat* tak+ _! places beside ! o!r evid5ces ( progress4 ,^! con/itute to !m ! poetry ( common life1 ( ! f>m]'s life4 ,! culture ( fruits1 & g>d5s also1 contributes 9 no small degree to ! improvem5t ( a p by ! excell5t moral influ5ce x ex]cises ^u !m4 ,ev]y?+ t makes home attractive mu/ contribute to ?is desirable end4 ,beyond ! sacr$ conf9es ( ! happy he>?/one1 ) its de> famili> circle1 !re c be no m pleasant associations ?an ^? ( ! g>d51 :]e1 9 our t5d] ye>s1 we h aid$ lov$ p>5ts1 f !m tak+ ! fir/ lessons 9 plant-culture1 ga!r+ ! lusci\s fruits ( _! plant+ or ( our own2 nor ( ! ru/ic arbor1 9 ^: refre%+ %ade we h recl9$ to re/ & m$itate amid its %elt]+ canopy ( v]dure1 & :]e we h ga!r$ ! purple b]ries ( ! noble v9e at a lat] p]iod ( ! roll+ ye>2 nor ( ! or*>d1 ) its b\nte\s supplies ( gold5 & ruddy apples1 blu%+ pea*es1 & melt+ pe>s4 ,) su* attractions ab\t our homes1 ) su* ties to be sund]$1 x is wond]ful1 & sc>cely cr$ible1 t y\? %\ld ev] be induc$ to w&] f !m1 & to /ray into pa?s ( evil4 ,su* happy influ5ces mu/ h a good moral effect ^u ! "y4 ,if x be argu$ t su* luxuries w t5d to degrade our morals by mak+ u effem9ate & syb>itic1 or t su* enjoym5ts may become causes ( envy & consequ5t crime on ! "p ( ^? :o are less highly favor$1 x may be safely ass]t$ t !re is no bett] cure = fruit-/eal+1 ?an to give pres5ts ( fruit1 & especially ( fruit-trees1 to y\r neighbors1 p>ticul>ly to ! boys--enc\rage ea* to plant & to *]i% 8 own tree1 & he w soon le>n ! mean+ ( meum & tuum1 & w appreciate ! beauties ( ! moral code1 :i* he w be all ! m likely to respect 9 e o!r p>ticul>4 ,"s ( ! legislation ( our c\ntry is a v curi\s relic ( b>b>ism4 ,accord+ to common law1 t :i* is atta*$ to ! soil1 may be remov$ )\t a brea* ( propriety1 by "o :o is n an own] ( ! fee simple2 ?us1 su* removal ( a vegetable product does n con/itute !ft or l>c5y1 b simply am\nts to a trespass3 :]eas ! tak+ ( fruit f ! gr\nd b5ea? ! tree1 ev5 ?\gh x be defective or decay+1 is consid]$ a !ft4 ,an unwelcome intrud]1 or an unbidd5 gue/1 may ent] our or*>d1 g>d51 or v9ey>d1 & help himself at 8 pleasure to any ( our fruits1 :i* we h be5 mo/ c>efully wat*+ & nurs+ tor mon?s ^u trees1 = ! fruitage ( :i* we may h be5 labor+ & wait+ = ye>s1 &1 =soo?1 our only rec\rse is to sue him at ! law1 & our only satisfaction1 aft] all ! att5dant annoyance & exp5se1 is a paltry f9e = trespass ^u our freehold1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is n comm5surate ) our e/imate ( ! value ( ! articles tak53 fruits (t5 possess1 9 ! eyes ( ! devot$ or*>di/1 a real value mu* beyond _! m>ket price4 ,7 ,i ask$ to describe ! location ( ! fabl$ f\nta9 ( ,hygeia1 ,i %\ld decide t x 0 c]ta9ly situat$ 9 an or*>d2 x mu/ h come bubbl+ f e>? t su/a9$ ! roots ( tree & v9e2 x mu/ h be5 %ad$ by ! umbrage\s bran*es ( ! wide-spread+ apple & pe>1 & x 0 d\btless approa*$ by alleys t 7 l9$ by pea* trees lad5 ) _! d[ny fruit1 & ov]-ar*$ by v9es be>+ ri* clu/]s ( ! lusci\s grape1 & !y 7 g>ni%$ at _! sides by ! crimson /rawb]ry4 ,su* at lea/ w\ld h be5 an appropriate sett+ = s valu$ a jewel z ! f\nta9 ( heal?1 & x is c]ta9 t ! pursuit ( fruit-gr[+ is itself conducive to ! possession ( t priceless bless+4 ,! physical z well z ! moral qualities ( our nature are wond]fully promot$ by ^! c>es4 ,! vigor\s ex]cise !y af=d u 9 ! op5 air1 ! pleasant excitem5t1 ! expectation ( ! results ( ! fir/ fruits ( our plants1 t5d+1 tra9+ & cultivat+ !m ! :ile1 are all s _m elem5ts conducive to ! highe/ enjoym5t ( full heal?4 ,! v "* ( ! food furni%$ by our or*>ds %\ld be tak5 into ! acc\nt1 9 mak+ up our e/imate ( _! contributions to ! heal? ( a community4 ,f !m we procure alim5t ( ! mo/ ref9$ "*1 & x has be5 urg$ t ! elem5ts ( :i* !y are compos$ are p]fect$ or ref9$ to ! highe/ degree ( organization t is possible to occur 9 vegetable tissues4 ,su* pabulum is n only gratefully refre%+1 b x is satisfy+--)\t be+ gross1 x is nutriti\s4 ,! antiscorbutic effects ( ripe fruits1 especially ^? t are acid1 are prov]bial1 & e fev] pati5t has appreciat$ ! relief d]iv$ f ^? t are acidul\s4 ,!n z a prev5tive ( ! febrile affections peculi> to a miasmatic region1 ! free use ( acid fruits1 or ev5 ( good s\nd v9eg> made f grapes or apples1 is an e/abli%$ fact 9 m$ical practice--( :i*1 by ! by1 prev5tion is always ! bett] "p4 ,apples 7 e/eem$ an important & valuable article ( food 9 ! days ( ! ,romans1 = all s*ool boys h read 9 ! ore rotundo ( 8 own fl[+ measures1 :at ,virgil has said1 s mu* bett] ?an 8 tame translator3 ,new *eese & *e/nuts are our c\ntry f>e1 ,) mell[ apples = y\r welcome *e]4 ,b 9 m mod]n times1 beside _! wont$ use z dess]t fruit1 or ev5+ fea/1 or cook$ 9 v>i\s modes1 a ,fr5* economi/ has inv5t$ & practic$ ) great success a me?od ( mak+ bread ) common apples1 :i* is said to be v f> sup]ior to potato-bread4 ,aft] hav+ boil$ "o-?ird "p ( peel$ apples1 he bruis$ !m :ile q w>m into two-?irds p>ts ( fl\r1 includ+ ! prop] quantity ( yea/1 & knead$ ! :ole )\t wat]1 ! juice ( ! fruit be+ q suffici5t2 he put ! mass into a vessel 9 :i* he all[$ x to rise = ab\t twelve h\rs4 ,by ?is process he obta9$ a v excell5t bread1 full ( eyes1 & extremely light & palatable4#a ,nor is ?is class ( food desirable = man alone4 ,fruits ( all k9ds1 b p>ticul>ly :at may be call$ ! l>ge fruits1 su* z are gr[n 9 our or*>ds1 may be pr(itably cultivat$ = fe$+ our dome/ic animals4 ,sweet apples h be5 especially recomm5d$ = fatt5+ sw9e1 & :5 f$ to c[s !y increase ! fl[ ( milk1 or produce fat accord+ to ! condition ( ^! animals4 ,?9k ( ! luxury ( eat+ apple-f$ pork6 ,:y1 ev5 ! /rict ,rabbi might ov]come 8 prejudices aga9/ su* sw9e fle%6 ,& !n dream ( enjoy+ ! luxury ( fre% ri* milk1 yell[ cream1 & gold5 butt]1 f y\r w9t] dairy1 in/ead ( ! sky-blue fluid1 & ! pallid1 or an anotto-t9t$1 b insipid butt]1 result+ f ! meag] supplies ( nutrim5t conta9$ 9 dry hay & fibr\s1 woody corn/alks4 ,n[ ?is is n unreasonable nor ridicul\s4 ,or*>ds h be5 plant$ ) a succession ( sweet apples t w su/a9 sw9e 9 a /ate ( mo/ p]fect heal?1 gr[+ & fatt5+ simultane\sly f ,june to ,novemb]2 & ! lat] v>ieties may be *eaply pres]v$ = fe$+ /ock ( all k9ds dur+ ! w9t]1 :5 !y w be be/ prep>$ by /eam+1 & may be f$ ) ! greate/ advantage4 ,our f>m]s d n appreciate ! b5efits ( hav+ gre5 food = _! animals dur+ ! w9t] season4 ,be+ bless$ ) t royal gra91 ! ,indian corn1 !y d n realize ! importance ( ! provision ( roots :i* is s great a feature 9 ,briti% husb&ry2 b !y h yet to le>n1 & !y w le>n1 t = u1 & "u our conditions ( labor & climate1 !y c d /ill bett]1 & produce /ill great] results ) a comb9ation ( hay or /raw1 corn meal & apples1 all prop]ly prep>$ by means ( /eam or hot wat]4 ,besides1 su* or*>ds may be advantage\sly plant$ 9 _m places :]e ! soil is n adapt$ to ! production ( gra94--,! read] is ref]r$ to ! *apt] on select li/s 9 ano!r "p ( ?is volume1 9 :i* an attempt w be made to pres5t ! read] ) ! op9ions ( ! be/ pomologi/s ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 7 an int]e/+ & n unpr(itable /udy to trace ! v>i\s s\rces & r\tes by :i* fruits h be5 introduc$ into diff]5t p>ts ( our ext5d$ c\ntry4 ,9 "s cases we %\ld f9d t we 7 indebt$ = ^! luxuries to ! ef=ts ( v humble individuals1 :ile 9 o!r regions ! high "* ( ! or*>ds is ow+ to ! =e?\ght1 k1 ent]prise1 & lib]ality ( "s prom95t citiz5 ( ! infant community1 :o has freely sp5t 8 means & be/[$ 8 c>es 9 provid+ = o!rs z well z = 8 own necessities or pleasures4 ,b x is to ! intellig5t nurs]ym5 ( our c\ntry t we are especially indebt$ = ! univ]sal diffusion ( fruits1 & = ! selection ( ! be/ v>ieties 9 ea* diff]5t section4 ,:ile act+ sep>ately1 ^! m5 7 labor+ "u great disadvantages1 & frequ5tly cultivat$ c]ta9 v>ieties "u a div]sity ( names1 z !y _h receiv$ !m f v>i\s s\rces4 ,?is 0 a difficulty incid5t to _! isolation1 b ! organization ( ,pomological ,societies 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 has enabl$ !m 9 a great measure to unravel ! confusion ( an ext5d$ synonymy1 & also by comp>ison & consultation ) ! mo/ intellig5t fruit-gr[]s1 !y h be5 prep>$ to advise ! plant] z to ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable v>ieties to be set out 9 diff]5t soils & situations4 ,mo/ ( our fir/ or*>ds 7 plant$ ) import$ trees4 ,! coloni/s br\ght plants & se$s4 ,ev5 n[1 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 we he> _m good fruits designat$ z ,engli%1 to indicate t !y are consid]$ sup]ior to ! native2 & we are /ill import+ *oice v>ieties f ,europe & o!r qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,! rov+ tribes ( ,indians :o inhabit$ ?is c\ntry :5 discov]$ & settl$ by ! :ites1 _h no or*>ds--!y liv$ by ! *ase1 & only ga!r$ su* fruits z 7 native to ! soil4 ,among ! e>lie/ attempts to civilize !m1 h[ev]1 ^? t ex]t$ ! greate/ influ5ce1 7 ef=ts to make !m an agricultural p1 & ( ^! ! plant+ ( fruit-trees 0 "o ( ! mo/ successful4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry we f9d relics ( ^! old ,indian or*>ds /ill rema9+1 & x is probable t f ! apple se$s s5t by ! g5]al gov]nm5t = di/ribution among ! ,*]okees 9 ,georgia1 we are n[ reap+ "s ( ! mo/ valuable fruits ( ?is species4 ,! e>ly ,fr5* settl]s 7 fam\s tree-plant]s1 & we f9d _! traces across ! cont95t1 f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,^! consi/ 9 noble pe> & apple trees1 gr[n f se$s plant$ by !m1 at _! e>ly & scatt]$ po/s or settlem5ts4 ,^! 7 made f> 9 advance ( ! pione]s1 :o h1 at a lat] p]iod1 =m$ ! van ( civilization1 t soon spread into a solid phalanx 9 its m>* ?r\gh\t ! great int]ior valley ( ! cont95t4 ,on ! bord]s ( civilization we sometimes meet ) a s+ul> be+1 m savage ?an poli%$1 & yet useful 9 8 way4 ,su* an "o 9 ! e>ly settlem5t ( ! nor?we/]n t]ritory 0 ,johnny ,apple-se$--a simple-he>t$ be+1 :o lov$ to roam ?r\gh ! =e/s 9 advance ( 8 fell[s1 consort+1 n[ ) ! r$ man1 n[ ) ! :ite1 a sort ( connect+ l9k--by 8 :ite bre?r5 he 01 no d\bt1 consid]$ r a vagabond1 = we d n le>n t he _h ! indu/ry to op5 f>ms 9 ! wild]ness1 ! en]gy to be a great hunt]1 nor ! k & devotion to h made him a useful mission>y among ! r$ m54 ,b ,johnny _h 8 use 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 8 univ]sal cu/om1 :5 among ! :ites1 to save ! se$s ( all ! be/ apples he met )4 ,^! he c>efully pres]v$ & c>ri$ ) him1 & :5 f> away f 8 :ite fri5ds1 he w\ld select an op5 spot ( gr\nd1 prep>e ! soil1 & plant ^! se$s1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! old ,spani% cu/om1 t he ow$ s mu* to po/]ity1 s t "s day1 ! future travel] or inhabitant ( ^? f]tile valleys1 might enjoy ! fruits ( 8 e>ly ef=ts4 ,su* 0 ,johnny ,apple-se$--did he n erect = himself monum5ts m wor?y1 if n m endur+1 ?an piles ( m>ble or /atues ( brass8 ,9 trac+ ! progress ( fruits ?r\gh diff]5t portions ( our c\ntry1 we %\ld v naturally expect to f9d ! law t gov]ns ! movem5ts ( m51 apply+ ) equal =ce to ! fruits !y c>ry ) !m4 ,! =m] h be5 obs]v$ to migrate v ne>ly on p>allels ( latitude1 s h1 9 a great degree1 ! latt]2 & :5ev] we f9d a dep>ture f ?is ord]1 we may expect to discov] a *ange1 & sometimes a det]ioration 9 ! *>act]s ( ! fruits ?us remov$ to a new locality4 ,x is true1 mu* ( ?is alt]ation1 :e!r improvem5t or o!rwise1 may be ow+ to ! diff]5ce ( soil4 ,we/]n ,new ,york receiv$ h] e>ly fruits f ,connecticut1 & ,massa*usetts2 ,mi*igan1 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & lat]1 ,wiscons9 & ,i[a receiv$ !irs 9 a great degree f ,new ,york4 ,ohio & ,indiana receiv$ _! fruits ma9ly f ,new ,j]sey1 & ,p5nsylvania1 & we may yet trace ?is 9 ! preval5ce ( c]ta9 lead+ v>ieties t are sc>cely kn[n1 & v little gr[n on diff]5t p>allels4 ,! e>ly settlem5t at ! m\? ( ! ,musk+um riv]1 0 made by ,new ,engl&-m51 & into ! ,ohio-pur*ase1 !y introduc$ ! lead+ v>ieties ( ! apples ( ,massa*usetts4 ,among ^!1 ! ,bo/on or ,roxbury ,russet 0 a prom95t favorite1 b x 0 s *ang$ 9 its appe>ance z sc>cely to be recogniz$ by its old admir]s1 & x 0 *ri/5$ ) a new "n1 ! ,putnam ,russet1 "u ! impression t x 0 a diff]5t v>iety4 ,mo/ ( ! orig9al ,putnam v>ieties h disappe>$ f ! or*>ds4 ,k5tucky receiv$ h] fruits 9 great measure f ,virg9ia2 ,t5nessee f ! same s\rce & f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ^! y\ng] ,/ates s5t !m =w>d on ! great we/]n m>* ) _! h>dy sons to s\!rn ,indiana1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 to ,miss\ri1 & to ,arkansas1 9 all :i* regions we f9d evid5t traces 9 ! or*>ds1 ( ! orig9 ( ! p :o plant$ !m4 ,( c\rse1 we %all f9d _m deflections f ! precise p>allel ( latitude1 "s incl9+ to ! s\?1 & _m turn+ to ! nor?w>d4 ,to ! latt] we ( ! ,we/ are look+ ) ! greate/ int]e/1 s9ce we s (t5 f9d t ! nor!rn fruits d n ma9ta9 _! high *>act]s 9 _! s\!rn or s\?we/]n migrations1 & all w9t] k9ds are apt to become autumnal 9 _! p]iod ( rip5+1 :i* makes !m less valuable2 & because1 among ^? f a s\!rn orig91 we h discov]$ _m ( high m]it z to beauty1 flavor1 & productiv5ess--&1 especially :]e !y are able to mature suffici5tly1 !y prove to be long keep]s1 ?us supply+ a want :i* 0 n fill$ by fruits ( a nor!rn orig94 ,!re may be limits beyond :i* we _c transport "s sorts to advantage 9 ei!r direction1 b ?is too w dep5d v mu* ^u ! adaptability ( our soils to p>ticul> v>ieties4 ,9 e region :]e fruit has be5 cultivat$ we f9d local v>ieties gr[n f se$1 _m ( ^! are ( suffici5t m]it to w>rant _! propagation1 & x behooves u to be con/antly on ! look out = !m2 = ?\gh our li/s are already suffici5tly l>ge to puzzle ! "y or*>di/ 9 mak+ 8 selections1 we may well r$uce ! numb] by we$+ out m ( ! indiff]5t fruit1 at ! same "t t we are introduc+ ^? ( a sup]ior "*4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t !re may be z _m z "o 9 t5 ( our se$l+ or*>d trees t w\ld be rank$ z good1 b n "o 9 a hundr$ t c\ld be /yl$ be/4#b ,c]ta9 individuals h devot$ !mselves to ! tr\blesome ?\gh ?ankless (fice ( collect+ ^! scatt]$ v>ieties ( decid$ m]it1 & f _! collections our pomological societies w1 f "t to "t1 select & recomm5d ! be/ = m ext5d$ cultivation4 ,su* devot$ m5 z ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lewis ,jones1 ,reub5 ,ragan1 ,a4,h4 ,ern/1 :o h be5 indu/ri\sly engag$ 9 ?is good "w = a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 are entitl$ to ! highe/ comm5dation2 b !re are _m o!rs :o h contribut$ _! full %>e ( b5efits by _! labors 9 ! same field1 to :om also we owe a debt ( gratitude4 ,two ( ! *ief foci 9 ! ,ohio valley f :i* valuable fruits h be5 di/ribut$ mo/ l>gely1 7 ! settlem5t at ! m\? ( ! ,musk+um1 ) its ,putnam li/ giv5 bel[2 & a lat]1 b v important introduction ( *oice fruits1 br\ght into ! ,miami c\ntry by ,silas ,:>ton1 a nurs]yman f ,p5nsylvania1 :o settl$ among a l>ge body ( ! religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 ,w>r5 ,co41 ,ohio4 ,! impress ( ?is importation is v manife/ 9 all ! c\ntry1 )9 a radius ( "o hundr$ miles1 & "s ( 8 fruits are f\nd do+ well 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 9 nor!rn ,indiana1 & 9 an ext5d$ region we/w>d4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 _m o!r local foci1 :5ce good fruits h radiat$ to bless regions m or less ext5sive1 & 9 e neighborhood we f9d ! "n ( "s e>ly pomologi/ atta*$ to ! good fruits t he _h introduc$1 ?us add+ ano!r synonym to ! num]\s li/ ( ^? belong+ to s _m ( our good v>ieties4 ,a4,w4 ,putnam comm5c$ an apple nurs]y 9 #agid1 a few ye>s aft] ! fir/ :ite settlem5t at ,m>ietta1 ,ohio1 ! fir/ grafts 7 set 9 ! spr+ ( #agif2 !y 7 obta9$ f ,connecticut by ,israel ,putnam1 & 7 ! fir/ set 9 ! ,/ate1 & graft$ by ,w4 ,rufus ,putnam4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly or*>ds ( ! region 7 plant$ f ?is nurs]y4 ,^! grafts 7 tak5 f ! or*>d ( ,israel ,putnam 7( wolf-kill+ memory7 9 ,pomfret1 ,connecticut4 ,9 ! ,ohio ,cultivator = ,augu/ #a/1 #ahdf1 may be f\nd ! foll[+ au!ntic li/ ( ! v>ieties propagat$3-- #a4 ,putnam ,russet1 7,roxbury47 #b4 ,seek-no-fur!r1 7,we/field47 #c4 ,e>ly ,*&l]4 #d4 ,gillifl[]4 #e4 ,p\nd ,royal1 7,l[ell74 #f4 ,natural1 7a se$l+74 #g4 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+4 #h4 ,yell[ ,gre5+4 #i4 ,gold5 ,pipp94 #aj4 ,long ,isl& ,pipp94 #aa4 ,tallman ,sweet+4 #ab4 ,/rip$ ,sweet+4 #ac4 ,honey ,gre5+4 #ad4 ,k5t ,pipp94 #ae4 ,coop]4 #af4 ,/rip$ ,gillifl[]4 #ag4 ,black1 d4 #ah4 ,prolific ,beauty4 #ai4 ,que5+1 7,summ] ,que587 #bj4 ,engli% ,pe>ma94 #ba4 ,gre5 ,pipp94 #bb4 ,spitz5b]g1 7,esopus87 ,_m ( ^! h disappe>$ f ! or*>ds & f ! nurs]ym5's catalogues4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,companion = ! ,or*>d4--,phillips4 #b ,elliott--,we/]n ,fruits4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apple4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,outset4 ,,apple ,a ,,g5]ic ,,t]m1 ,,z ,,corn ,,is ,,= ,,diff]5t ,,gra9s2 ,,bible ,,& ,,hi/oric ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,!re=e ,,unc]ta94 ,,etymology ,,( ,,! ,,^w4 ,,botanical ,,*>act]s4 ,,improvability ,,( ,,! ,,apple4 ,,native ,,c\ntry4 ,,crude ,,notions ,,( ,,e>ly ,,v>ieties4 ,,pl9y',s ,,acc\nt ,,expla9$4 ,,*>latan ,,graft+4 ,,introduction ,,into ,,brita94 ,,orig9al ,,sorts ,,!re4 ,,g]>d',s ,,li/ ,,( ,,sev54 ,,he ,,urges ,,or*>d ,,plant+4 ,,recipe ,,= ,,pomatum4 ,,d]ivation ,,( ,,! ,,^w4 ,,virgil',s ,,advice ,,z ,,to ,,graft+4 ,,pl9y',s ,,eulogy ,,( ,,! ,,apple3 ,,w ,,ours ,,survive ,,z ,,long8 ,,pl9y',s ,,li/ ,,( #bi4 ,,accid5tal ,,orig9 ,,( ,,our ,,fruits4 ,,cross+4 ,,"l ,,bacon',s ,,guess4 ,,bradley',s ,,acc\nt4 ,,success ,,9 ,,! ,,ne!rl&s4 ,,mr4 ,,knight',s ,,exp]im5ts4 ,,hybrids ,,inf]tile4 ,,limits1 ,,none ,,natural4 ,,limits ,,( ,,species4 ,,h]b]t',s ,,views4 ,,difficulties ,,att5d ,,cross+ ,,also4 ,,no ,,mules4 ,,kirtl&',s ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,results ,,(4 ,,van ,,mons' ,,!ory4 ,,ill9ois ,,results4 ,,runn+ ,,out ,,( ,,v>ieties4 ,9 attempt+ to trace out ! hi/ory ( any plant t has long be5 subject$ to ! dom9ion ( man1 we are beset ) difficulties gr[+ out ( ! unc]ta9ty ( language1 & aris+ also f ! abs5ce ( precise t]ms ( sci5ce 9 ! descriptions or allusions :i* we meet respect+ !m4 ,z he :o w\ld inve/igate ! hi/ory ( our great national gra9 crop1 ! noble ,indian maize1 :i*1 9 our language1 claims ! g5]ic t]m corn1 w at once meet ) t]ms apt to mislead him 9 ! ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible1 & 9 ! writ+s ( ,europeans1 :o use ! ^w corn 9 a g5]ic s5se1 z apply+ to all ! edible gra9s1 & especially to :eat--s 9 ?is inve/igation we may easily be misl$ by meet+ ! ^w apple 9 ! ,bible & 9 ! translations ( ,lat9 & ,greek au?ors1 & we may be p]mitt$ to "q :e!r ! orig9al words translat$ apple may n h be5 appli$ to q diff]5t fruits1 or p]haps we may ask :e!r our ^w may n orig9ally h _h a m g5]al s5se1 mean+ z x does1 accord+ to its d]ivation1 any r\nd body4 ,! etymology ( ! ^w apple is ref]r$ by ! lexicograph]s to abhall1 ,celtic2 avall1 ,wel%2 afall or avall1 ,armoric2 aval or avel1 ,corni%2 & ^! are all traceable to ! ,celtic ^w ball1 mean+ simply a r\nd body4 ,worce/] traces ! orig9 ( apple directly to ! ,g]man apfel1 :i* he d]ives f pl1 apel1 or appel4 ,web/] cites ! ,saxon appl or appel2 ,dut*1 appel2 ,g]man1 apfel2 ,dani%1 ble2 ,sw$i%1 aple2 ,wel%1 aval2 ,iri%1 abhal or ubhal2 ,armoric1 aval2 ,russian1 yabloko4 ,its mean+ be+ fruit 9 g5]al1 ) a r\nd =m4 ,?us ! ,p]sian ^w ubhul means ,junip] b]ries1 & 9 ,wel% ! ^w us$ means o!r fruits1 & ne$s a qualify+ t]m to specify ! v>iety or k9d4 ,hogg1 9 8 ,briti% ,pomology1 quot+ ,ow51 says1 ! anci5t ,gla/onbury 0 call$ by ! ,britons ,ynys avallac or avallon1 mean+ an apple or*>d1 & f ?is came ! ,roman ^w avallonia1 f ?is he inf]s t ! apple 0 kn[n to ! ,britons be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,romans4 ,we are told1 t 9 #igc1 ,k+ ,edg>1 :5 fatigu$ ) ! labors ( ! *ase1 laid himself d[n "u a wild apple tree1 s t x becomes a "q :e!r ?is plant 0 n a native ( ,engl& z ( o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 :]e 9 _m places x is f\nd gr[+ wild & app>5tly indig5\s4 ,?ornton in=ms u 9 8 hi/ory ( ,turkey1 t apples are common 9 ,walla*ia1 & he cites among ! v>ieties "o1 ! domniasca1 :i* is p]haps ! f9e/ 9 ,europe1 bo? = its size1 color1 & flavor4 ,x 7 h>d to say :at v>iety ?is is1 & :e!r x be kn[n to u4 ,! introduction ( ?is ^w apple 9 ! ,bible is attributable to ! translators1 & "s comm5tators sugge/ t !y h us$ x 9 its g5]al s5se1 & t 9 ! foll[+ passages :]e x occurs1 x ref]s to ! citron1 orange1 or "s o!r subtropical fruit4 ,/ay me ) flagons1 com=t me ) apples4--,songs ( ,solomon ii1 #e4 ,z ! apple-tree 7citron7 among ! trees ( ! wood1 99 99 99 ,i sat me d[n "u 8 %ad[ ) great delight1 & 8 fruit 0 sweet to my ta/e4--,sol4 ii1 #b4 99 99 99 ,i rais$ !e up "u ! apple-tree4--,solomon viii1 #e4 ,a ^w fitly spok51 is l apples ( gold 9 pictures ( silv]4--,prov4 xxv1 #aa4 ,! botanical position ( ! cultivat$ apple may be /at$ z foll[s3--,ord]1 ,rosace2 sub-ord]1 ,pome2 or ! apple family & g5us1 ,pyrus4 ,! species "u our consid]ation is ! ,pyrus ,malus1 or apple4 ,x has be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,europe1 & is n[ f\nd 9 a half-wild /ate1 spr++ up 9 old fields1 h$ge-r[s1 & roadsides2 b1 ev5 9 su* situations1 by _! eatable fruit & broad foliage1 & by ! abs5ce ( sp9y or ?orny twigs1 ! trees g5]ally give evid5ce ( a civiliz$ orig94 ,x is n t ! plant has *ang$ any ( its true specific *>act]s1 b t x has be5 affect$ by ! meliorat+ influ5ces ( culture1 :i* x has n be5 able entirely to %ake (f 9 its neglect$ condition4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 trees are f\nd 9 ^! neglect$ & out-(-!-way situations1 :i* produce fruits ( sup]ior quality--& ! sorts h be5 gladly introduc$ into our nurs]ies & or*>ds4 ,v e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( horticulture ! apple attract$ att5tion by its improvability1 %[+ t x belong$ to ! class ( culture-plants4 ,inde$ x is a v rem>kable fact 9 ! /udy ( botany1 & ! pivot ^u :i* ! sci5ce & art ( horticulture turns1 t :ile !re are plants :i* %[ no t5d5cy to *ange f _! normal type1 ev5 :5 br\ght "u ! highe/ culture1 & subject$ to e treatm5t :i* human +5uity c sugge/1 !re are o!rs :i* are prone to v>iations or sports1 ev5 9 _! natural condition1 b m s :5 !y are c>efully nurs$ by ! prud5t f>m] or g>d5]4 ,^! may be call$ respectively ! plants ( nature & ! plants ( culture4 ,"s ( ! =m] furni% human food1 & are o!rwise useful to man2 b ! latt] class embraces by f> ! l>g] numb] ( food-plants1 & we are indebt$ to ?is pliancy1 aid$ by human skill1 = our v>ieties ( fruits1 our escul5t vegetables1 & ! floral ornam5ts ( our g>d5s4 ,! native c\ntry ( ! apple1 ?\gh n def9itively settl$1 is g5]ally conc$$ to be ,europe1 p>ticul>ly its s\!rn portions1 & p]haps ,we/]n ,asia3 t is1 ! plant kn[n & designat$ by botani/s z ,pyrus ,malus1 = !re are o!r & di/9ct species 9 ,am]ica & ,asia :i* h no claims to hav+ be5 ! s\rce ( our favorite or*>d fruits4 ,our own native crab is ! ,pyrus coron>ia1 :i*1 ?\gh %[+ "s slight t5d5cy to v>iation1 has nev] dep>t$ f ! /rongly m>k$ normal type4 ,! ,p4 baccata1 or ,sib]ian crab1 is s di/9ctly m>k$ z to be admitt$ z a species4 ,x has wond]fully improv$ "u culture1 & has produc$ "s q di/9ct v>ieties2 x has ev5 be5 hybridiz$ by ,mr4 ,knight1 ) ! cultivat$ sorts ( ! common ,wild+ or ,crab ( ,europe1 ! ,p4 ,malus4 ,pallas1 :o f\nd x wild ne> ,lake ,baikal & 9 ,da\ria1 says1 x gr[s only #c or #d feet high1 ) a trunk ( z _m in*es diamet]1 & yields pe>-%ap$ b]ries z l>ge z peas4 ,! ,p4 rivul>is1 accord+ to ,nuttall1 is common 9 ! m>itime portions ( ,oregon1 9 alluvial =e/s4 ,! tree atta9s a height ( #ae to #be feet4 ,x resembles ! ,sib]ian ,crab1 to :i* x has a close aff9ity4 ,! fruit gr[s 9 clu/]s1 is purple1 sc>cely ! size ( a *]ry1 & ( an agreeable flavor2 sweeti% & sub-acid :5 ripe1 n at all acid & ac]b z ! ,p4 coron>ia4#c ,among ! e>ly writ]s ^u ! subject ( pomology1 we f9d "s v crude notions1 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to ! wond]ful p[]s ( ! graft]1 = ?is art ( improv+ ! ,wild+ by ins]t+ buds or scions ( bett] sorts1 & ?us multiply+ trees ( good k9ds1 0 a v anci5t inv5tion4 ,pl9y1 ! naturali/1 c]ta9ly des]ves our praise = 8 wond]ful & compreh5sive indu/ry 9 all bran*es ( natural hi/ory4 ,9 reg>d to graft+1 :i* seems to h be5 well und]/ood 9 8 day1 he says1 t he _h se5 ne> ,?uli a tree be>+ all mann] ( fruits1 nuts & b]ries1 figs & grapes1 pe>s & pomegranates2 no k9d ( apple or o!r fruit t 0 n to be f\nd on ?is tree4 ,x is qua9tly not$1 h[ev]1 t ?is tree did n live long1--is x to be wond]$ t su* %\ld h be5 ! case8 ,n[ "s p]sons may object to ! te/imony ( ?is rem>kable man1 & feel dispos$ to discr$it ! /atem5t ( :at appe>s s incr$ible to ^? :o are at all acqua9t$ ) ! well-kn[n necessity = a cong5ial /ock into :i* ! graft %\ld be ins]t$4 ,b a m ext5d$ k ( ! subject1 w\ld expla9 :at ,pl9y has record$ z a m>vel ( ! art4 ,! same ?+ has be5 done 9 our own times1 x is a trick1 & "o :i* w\ld v soon be detect$ n[-a-days by ! m]e/ tyro 9 horticulture1 ?\gh x may h escap$ ! scrut9y ( ,pl9y1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to note & record ! results ( 8 obs]vations1 r ?an to exam9e ! modus ( ! exp]im5t4 ,by ! ,fr5*1 ! me?od is call$ ,*>latan graft+1 & is done by tak+ a /ock ( suitable size1 holl[+ x out1 & introduc+ ?r\gh its cavity sev]al /ocks ( diff]5t k9ds1 ^u ea* ( :i* may be produc$ a diff]5t sort ( fruit1 z report$ by ,pl9y4 ,! ne$$ aff9ity ( ! scion & /ock1 & ! possible range t may be successfully tak5 9 ?is mode ( propagation1 ) ! :ole consid]ation ( ! influ5ce ( ! /ock ^u ! graft1 w be m fully discuss$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,?\gh x be claim$ & ev5 admitt$ t ! wild apple or crab 0 orig9ally a native ( ,brita91 & ?\gh x be well kn[n t _m v>ieties h orig9at$ f se$ 9 t c\ntry1 /ill x appe>s f _! own hi/orians t ! p introduc$ valuable v>ieties f abroad4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,full]'s acc\nt1 t 9 ! #af? ye> ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 ,pipp9s 7 introduc$ into ,engl& by ,"l ,mas*al1 :o plant$ !m at ,plum/ead1 9 ,sussex4 ,aft] ?is1 ! celebrat$ ,gold5 ,pipp9 0 orig9at$ at ,p]ham ,p>k1 9 ,sussex1 & ?is v>iety has atta9$ a high me$ ( praise 9 t c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 ?\gh x has nev] be5 consid]$ s f9e 9 ?is c\ntry z "s ( our own se$l+s4 ,evelyn says1 9 #afhe1 at ,"l ,cl>5don's seat1 at ,swall[field1 ,b]ks1 !re is an or*>d ( "o ?\s& gold5 & o!r cid] ,pipp9s4#d ,! ,rib/on ,pipp91 :i* e ,engli%man w tell y is ! be/ apple 9 ! _w1 0 a native ( ,rib/on ,p>k1 ,york%ire4 ,h>grave says3 ,?is place is rem>kable = ! produce ( a delici\s apple1 call$ ! ,rib/on ,p>k ,pipp94 ,! orig9al tree 0 rais$ f a ,pipp9 br\ght f ,france4#e ,?is apple is well-kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 b n a favorite4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 #aeig1 ,john ,g]>d issu$ 9 an ext5sive folio 8 ,hi/ory ( ,plants1 9 :i* he m5tions sev5 k9ds ( ,pipp9s4 ,! foll[+ is giv5 z a sample ( ! pomology ( t day3-- ,! fruit ( apples d diff] 9 greatnesse1 =me1 col\r1 & ta/e1 "s cov]$ ) r$ sk91 o!rs yell[ or gre5e1 v>y+ inf9itely accord+ to soil & climate2 "s v greate1 "s v little1 & _m ( middle sort2 "s are sweet ( ta/e1 or some?+ s\re1 mo/ be ( middle ta/e betwe5 sweet & s\re2 ! :i* to di/+ui%1 ,i ?9k x impossible1 not)/&+ ,i he>e ( "o :o int5de? to write a peculi> volume ( apples & ! use ( !m4 ,he fur!r says3 ,! tame & graft$ apple trees are plant$ & set 9 g>d5s & or*>ds made = t purpose2 !y delight to gr[e 9 good f]tile gr\nds4 ,k5t do? ab\nde ) apples ( mo/ sortes2 b ,i h se5 pa/ures & h$ge-r[s ab\t ! gr\nds ( a wor%ipful g5tleman dwell+ two miles f ,h]e=d1 s _m trees ( all sortes1 t ! s]uantes dr9ke = ! mo/e p>te no o!r dr9ke b t :i* is made ( apples4 99 99 99 ,l z !re be div]s manur$ apples1 s is !re sundry wilde apples or crabs1 n husb&$1 t is1 n graft$4 ,he also speaks ( ! ,p>adise1 :i* is probably ! same we n[ use z a dw>f+ /ock4 ,dr4 ,g]>d fully appreciat$ ! value ( fruits1 & ?us vehem5tly urges 8 c\ntrym5 to plant or*>ds3 ,g5tlem51 t h l& & liv+1 put =w>d1 99 99 99 99 99 graft1 set1 plant1 & n\ri% up trees 9 e corn] ( y\r gr\nds2 ! labor is small1 ! co/ is no?+1 ! commoditie is great1 y\rselves %all h pl5tie1 ! poor %all h some:at 9 "t ( want to relieve _! necessitie1 & ,god %all rew>d y\r good m9de & dilig5ce4 ,! same au?or gives u a peculi> use ( ! apple :i* may be int]e/+ to "s :o nev] be=e associat$ pomatum ) ! products ( ! or*>d4 ,he recomm5ds apples z a cosmetic4 ,!re is made an o9tm5t ) ! pulp ( apples1 & sw9e's grease & rose wat]1 :i* is us$ to beautify ! face & to take away ! r\ghness ( ! sk92 x is call$ 9 %ops pomatum1 ( ! apples :]e( x is made4#f ,:5 speak+ ( ! importance ( graft+ to increase ! numb] ( trees ( any good v>iety1 ,virgil advises to ,graft ! t5d] %oot1 ,?y *ildr5's *ildr5 %all enjoy ! fruit4 ,s high an e/imate did ,pl9y h ( ?is fruit1 t he ass]t$ t !re are apples t h ennobl$ ! c\ntries f :5ce !y came1 & _m apples h immortaliz$ _! fir/ f\nd]s & inv5tors4 ,our be/ apples w immortalize _! fir/ graft]s =ev]2 su* z took _! names f ,manlius1 ,ce/ius1 ,matius1 & ,claudius4--,( ! ,qu9ce apple1 he says1 t came ( a qu9ce be+ graft$ ^u ! apple /ock1 :i* smell l ! qu9ce1 & 7 call$ ,appiana1 aft] ,appius1 :o 0 ! fir/ t practic$ ?is mode ( graft+4 ,"s are s r$ t !y resemble blood1 :i* is caus$ by _! be+ graft$ ^u ! mulb]ry /ock4 ,( all ! apples1 ! "o :i* took its "n f ,petisius1 0 ! mo/ excell5t = eat+1 bo? on acc\nt ( its sweetness & its agreeable flavor4 ,pl9y m5tions tw5ty-n9e k9ds ( apples cultivat$ 9 ,italy1 ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era4#g ,alas6 = human vanity & apple glory6 ,:]e are n[ ^! boa/$ sorts1 ^u ^: m]its ! immortality ( _! inv5tors & fir/ graft]s 0 to dep5d8 ,!y h disappe>$ f our li/s to give place to new favorites1 to "s ( :i*1 p]haps1 we are dispos$ to aw>d an equally high me$ ( praise1 t w aga9 be ignor$ 9 a few fleet+ ye>s1 :5 high] skill & m sci5tific applications ( k %all h produc$ sup]ior fruit to any ( ^? we n[ prize s highly2 & ?is is a consummation to :i* we may all look =w>d ) pleasure4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! l>ge majority ( our favorite fruits1 ( :atev] species or k9d1 seem to h orig9at$ by accid5t1 t is1 !y h be5 discov]$ 9 se$l+ or*>ds1 or ev5 9 h$ge-r[s4 ,^! h no d\bt1 h[ev]1 be5 produc$ by accid5tal crosses ( good k9ds1 & ?is may occur ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( insects 9 any or*>d ( good fruit1 :]e !re may *ance to be "s v>ieties t h ! t5d5cy to progress4 ,! discov]ies ( ,l9nu1 & 8 doctr9e ( ! sexual *>act]s ( plants1 creat$ q a revolution 9 botany1 & no d\bt attract$ ! att5tion ( ,"l ,bacon1 :o 0 a close obs]v] ( nature1 = he v5tur$ to guess t !re might be su* a ?+ z cross+ ! bre$s ( plants1 :5 he says3--,! comp\nd+ or mixture ( k9ds 9 plants is n f\nd out1 :i*1 nev]!less1 if x be possible1 is m at comm& ?an t ( liv+ creatures2 :]e=e x 7 "o ( ! mo/ noteable exp]im5ts t\*+ plants to f9d x out1 = s y may h great v>iety ( new fruits & fl[]s yet unkn[n4 ,graft+ does x n1 t m5de? ! fruit or d\ble? ! fl[]s1 etc41 b ha? n ! p[] to make a new k9d1 = ! scion ev] ov]rule? ! /ock4 ,9 :i* la/ obs]vation he %[s m k & a deep] insight into ! hidd5 my/]ies ( plant-life ?an _m a man 9 our day1 ^: special bus9ess x is to wat*1 nurse1 & c>e = ^! humble =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,bradley1 ab\t a c5tury lat]1 9 #agah1 is believ$ to h be5 ! fir/ au?or :o speaks ( ! accompli%m5t ( cross-bre$+1 :i* he describes z hav+ be5 effect$ by br++ toge!r ! bran*es ( diff]5t trees :5 9 blossom4 ,b ! g>d5]s ( ,holl& & ! ,ne!rl&s 7 ! fir/ to put x into practice4#h ,! foll[+ extract is giv5 to expla9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,mr4 ,knight conduct$ 8 celebrat$ exp]im5ts on fruits1 :i* rew>d$ him ) "s v>ieties t 7 highly e/eem$3--,_m v>ieties ( ! apple 7 collect$ :i* _h be5 prov$ to af=d1 9 mixtures ) ea* o!r1 ! f9e/ cid]4 ,a tree ( ea* 0 !n obta9$ by graft+ ^u a ,p>adise /ock1 & ^! trees 7 tra9$ to a s\? wall1 or if graft$ on ,sib]ian crab1 to a we/ wall1 till !y af=d$ blossoms1 & ! soil 9 :i* !y 7 plant$ 0 made ( ! mo/ ri* & favorable k9d4 ,ea* blossom ( ?is species ( fruit conta9s ab\t tw5ty *ives or males 7/am5s17 & g5]ally five po9tals or females 7pi/ils17 :i* spr+ f ! c5t] ( ! cup or cavity ( ! blossom4 ,! males /& 9 a circle j )9 ! bases ( ! petals1 & are =m$ ( sl5d] ?reads1 ea* ( :i* t]m9ates 9 an an!r4 ,x is necess>y 9 ^! exp]im5ts t bo? ! fruit & se$ %\ld atta9 z l>ge a size & z mu* p]fection z possible1 & !re=e a few blossoms only 7 suff]$ to rema9 on ea* tree4 ,z soon z ! blossoms 7 ne>ly full-gr[n1 e male 9 ea* 0 c>efully extract$1 prop] c>e be+ tak5 n to injure ! po9tals2 & ! blossoms1 ?us prep>$1 7 clos$ aga91 & suff]$ to rema9 till !y op5$ spontane\sly4 ,! blossoms ( ! tree :i* x 0 propos$ to make ! male p>5t ( ! future v>iety1 7 accel]at$ by be+ br\ght into contact ) ! wall1 or ret>d$ by be+ deta*$ f x1 s t !y 7 made to unfold at ! requir$ p]iod2 & a portion ( _! poll51 :5 ready to fall f ! mature an!rs1 0 dur+ ?ree or f\r successive morn+s deposit$ ^u ! po9tals ( ! blossoms1 :i* consequ5tly af=d$ se$s4 ,x is necess>y 9 ?is exp]im5t t "o v>iety ( apple only %\ld be> unmutilat$ blossoms2 =1 :]e o!r v>ieties are 9 fl[] at ! same "t1 ! poll5 ( ^! w (t5 be convey$ by bees to ! prep>$ blossoms1 & ! result ( ! exp]im5t w 9 consequ5ce be unc]ta9 & unsatisfactory4 99 99 99 ,9 8 ,pomona ,h]e=di5sis1 he says3--,x is necess>y to contrive t ! two trees f :i* y int5d to raise ! new k9d1 %all blossom at ! same "t2 !re=e1 if "o is an e>li] sort ?an ! o!r1 x mu/ be ret>d$ by %ad+ or br\ght into a cool] situation1 & ! late/ =w>d$ by a w>m wall or a sunny position1 s z to procure ! desir$ result4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 hybrids prop] & crosses1 z x 7 betwe5 races or betwe5 :at may h be5 errone\sly designat$ species1 = !re has be5 a great deal ( loos5ess 9 ! mann] ( us+ ^! t]ms by "s writ]s4 ,a true hybrid#i is produc$ only :5 ! poll5 ( "o species has be5 us$ to f]tilize ! ovules ( ano!r1 & z a g5]al rule ^! c only be produc$ betwe5 plants :i* are v ne>ly alli$1 z betwe5 species ( ! same g5us4 ,ev5 su* z ^!1 h[ev]1 _c always be hybridiz$1 = we h nev] f\nd a mule or hybrid betwe5 ! apple & pe>1 ! currant & gooseb]ry1 nor betwe5 ! raspb]ry & blackb]ry1 ?\gh ea* ( ^!1 respectively1 appe> to be v ne>ly relat$1 & !y are all ( ! ord] ,rosace4 ,9 hybrids !re appe>s to be a mixture ( ! elem5ts ( ea*1 & ! *>act]s ( ! mule or cross w dep5d ^u "o or ! o!r1 :i* x w m ne>ly resemble4 ,true hybrids are mules or inf]tile1 & _c be cont9u$ by se$1 b mu/ be propagat$ by cutt+s1 or lay]s1 or graft+4 ,if n absolutely /]ile at fir/1 !y become s 9 ! c\rse ( ! second or ?ird g5]ation4 ,?is is prov$ by sev]al ( our fl[]+ plants t h be5 wond]fully v>i$ by +5i\s cross+ ( diff]5t species4 ,b x has be5 f\nd t ! hybrid may be f]tiliz$ by poll5 tak5 f "o ( its p>5ts1 & t !n ! (fspr+ assumes ! *>act]s ( t p>5t4#aj ,natural hybrids d n (t5 occur1 ?\gh 9 dioeci\s plants1 ?is seems to h be5 ! case ) will[s t pres5t su* an intricate puzzle to botani/s 9 _! classification1 s t x has become almo/ impossible to say :at are ! limits & b\nds ( "s ( ! species4 ,hybrids are1 h[ev]1 v frequ5tly produc$ by art1 & p>ticul>ly among our fl[]+ plants1 "u ! h&s ( +5i\s g>d5]s4 ,h]b]t ?9ks1 f 8 obs]vations1 t ! fl[]s & organs ( reproduction p>take ( ! *>act]s ( ! female p>5t1 :ile ! foliage & habit1 or ! organs ( vegetation1 resemble ! male4 ,simply cross+ diff]5t memb]s ( ! same species1 l ! cross+ ( races 9 animal life1 is n always easily accompli%$2 b we "h f9d mu* less difficulty1 & we d n produce a mule prog5y4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts ! same precautions mu/ be tak5 to avoid ! int]f]5ce ( natural ag5ts 9 ! transportation ( poll5 f fl[] to fl[]2 b ?is process is n[ s famili> to horticulturi/s1 t x sc>cely ne$s a m5tion4 ,9 our ef=ts ) ! /rawb]ry1 "s v curi\s results h occurr$1 & we h le>n$ t "s ( ! recogniz$ species appe> "u ?is sev]e te/ to be well f\nd$1 z ! results h be5 inf]tile4 ,:]e ! p]fection ( ! fruit dep5ds ^u ! developm5t ( ! se$1 ?is is a v important matt] to ! fruit-gr[]2 b =tunately ?is is n always ! case1 = c]ta9 fruits swell & rip5 p]fectly1 ?\gh conta9+ n a s+le well develop$ se$4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ /udy to trace out ^? plants :i* d furni% a well develop$ fle%y sub/ance or s>coc>p1 )\t ! true se$s4 ,su* may be f\nd occasionally 9 ! native p]simmon1 9 c]ta9 grapes1 & 9 _m apples2 b 9 ! /rawb]ry1 blackb]ry1 & raspb]ry1 ! b]ry :i* con/itutes our desirable fruit1 nev] swells unless ! g]ms h be5 impregnat$ & ! se$s p]fect4 ,9 ! /one-fruits ! /one or pit is always develop$1 b ! enclos$ se$ is (t5 imp]fect f want ( impregnation or o!r cause--& yet ! fle%y cov]+ w sometimes swell & rip54 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful exp]im5t]s 9 ?is c\ntry is ,doctor ,j4,p4 ,kirtl&1 ne> ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ^: ef=ts at cross+ c]ta9 favorite *]ries1 7 cr[n$ ) ! mo/ happy results1 & all are famili> ) ! fruits t h be5 d]iv$ f 8 crosses4 ,! details ( 8 apply+ ! poll5 ( "o fl[] to ! pi/ils ( ano!r are famili> to all intellig5t read]s1 & h be5 s (t5 set =?1 t !y ne$ n be repeat$ 9 ?is case--great c>e is necess>y to secure ! desir$ object1 & to gu>d aga9/ int]f]5ce f causes t w\ld endang] or impair ! value ( ! results4 ,van ,mons' !ory 0 bas$ ^u c]ta9 assumptions & obs]vations1 "s ( :i* are well f\nd$1 o!rs are n s firmly e/abli%$4 ,he claim$ correctly t all our be/ fruits 7 artificial products1 because ! ess5tial elem5ts = ! pres]vation ( ! species 9 _! natural condition1 are vigor ( ! plant & p]fect se$s = ! p]petuation ( ! race4 ,x has be5 ! object ( culture to dim9i% ! extreme vigor ( ! tree s z to produce e>ly fruitage1 & at ! same "t to enl>ge & to ref9e ! pulpy portion ( ! fruit4 ,he claim$1 z a pr9ciple1 t our plants ( culture _h always a t5d5cy to run back t[>d ! orig9al or wild type1 :5 !y 7 gr[n f se$s4 ,?is t5d5cy is admitt$ to exi/ 9 _m cases1 b x is also claim$1 t :5 a break is once made f ! normal type1 ! t5d5cy to improve may be e/abli%$4 ,van ,mons ass]t$ t ! se$s f old trees w\ld be /ill m apt to run back t[>d ! orig9al type1 & t ! old] ! tree1 ! ne>] w ! se$l+s rais$ f x approa* ! wild /ate1 ?\gh he says !y w n q rea* x4 ,b ! se$s f a "y tree1 hav+ itself ! t5d5cy to melioration1 are m likely to produce improv$ sorts4 ,he ?9ks !re is a limit to p]fection1 & t1 :5 ?is is rea*$1 ! next g5]ation w m probably produce bad fruit ?an ^? gr[n f an inf]ior sort1 :i* is on ! upw>d road ( progression4 ,he claims t ! se$s ( ! olde/ v>ieties ( good fruit yield inf]ior k9ds1 :]eas ^? tak5 f new v>ieties ( bad fruit1 & reproduc$ = sev]al g5]ations1 w c]ta9ly give satisfactory results 9 good fruit4 ,he began ) se$s f a "y se$l+ tree1 n graft$ ^u ano!r /ock2 he c>$ no?+ = ! quality ( ! fruit1 b pref]r$ t ! v>iety 0 %[+ a t5d5cy to improvem5t or v>iation4 ,^! 7 s[$1 & f ! plants produc$1 he select$ su* z appe>$ to him to h evid5ce ( improvem5t1 7x is suppos$ by _! less wild appe>ance71 & transplant$ !m to /ations :]e !y c\ld develop !mselves4 ,:5 !y fruit$1 ev5 if indiff]5t1 if !y cont9u$ to give evid5ce ( v>iation1 ! fir/ se$s 7 sav$ & plant$ & treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,^! came e>li] into fruit ?an ! fir/1 & %[$ a great] promise4 ,successive g5]ations 7 ?us produc$ to ! f\r? & fif?1 ea* came into be>+ e>li] ?an its pr$ecessor1 & produc$ a great] numb] ( good v>ieties1 & he says t 9 ! fif? g5]ation !y 7 ne>ly all ( great excell5ce4 ,he f\nd pe>s requir$ ! longe/ "t1 five g5]ations2 :ile ! apple 0 p]fect$ 9 f\r1 & /one fruits 9 ?ree4 ,/>t+ ^u ! !ory t we mu/ subdue ! vigor ( ! wild+ to produce ! be/ fruits1 he cut (f ! tap roots :5 transplant+ & %ort5$ ! lead]s1 & cr[d$ ! plants 9 ! or*>d or fruit+ gr\nds1 s z to /& b a few feet ap>t4 ,he urg$ ! reg5]at+ 9 a direct l9e ( desc5t z rapidly z possible an improv+ v>iety1 tak+ c>e t !re be no int]val betwe5 ! g5]ations4 ,to s[1 re-s[1 to s[ aga91 to s[ p]petually1 9 %ort to d no?+ b s[1 is ! practice to be pursu$1 & :i* _c be dep>t$ f2 &1 9 %ort1 ?is is ! :ole secret ( ! art ,i h employ$4 7,arbres ,fruiti]s47 ,:o else w\ld h ! ne$$ pati5ce & p]sev]ance to pursue su* a c\rse8 ,v few1 inde$--especially if !y 7 n v fully conv9c$ ( ! correctness ( ! premises ^u :i* ?is !ory is f\nd$4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ ?9ks t ! great numb]s ( f9e v>ieties ( apples t h be5 produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 g to su/a9 ! ,van ,mons doctr9e1 because1 z he assumes1 ! fir/ apples t 7 produc$ f se$s br\ght ov] by ! e>ly emigrants1 yield$ inf]ior fruit :i* _h run back t[>d ! wild /ate1 & ! p 7 =c$ to beg9 aga9 ) !m1 & t !y mo/ naturally pursu$ ?is v plan1 tak+ se$s f ! improv+ v>ieties = ! next g5]ations & s on4 ,?is may h be5 s1 b x is m]e assumption--we h no pro(1 &1 on ! contr>y1 our *oice v>ieties h s g5]ally be5 conc$$ to h be5 *ance se$l+s1 t !re appe>s little evid5ce to support x--on ! contr>y1 "s v f9e v>ieties h be5 produc$ by select+ ! se$s ( good sorts promiscu\sly1 & )\t reg>d+ ! age ( ! trees f :i* ! fruit 0 tak54 ,mr4 ,d[n+ himself1 aft] tell+ u t we h mu* enc\ragem5t to exp]im5t ^u ?is plan ( p]fect+ fruits1 by tak+ se$s f su* z are n q ripe1 ga!r$ f a se$l+ ( promis+ quality1 f a heal?y "y tree 7q "y17 on its own root1 n graft$1 & t we mu/ avoid #a/1 ! se$s ( old trees2 #b;d1 ^? ( graft$ trees2 #c;d1 t we mu/ h ! be/ gr\nds = good results--/ill admits :at we all "k1 t 9 ?is c\ntry1 new v>ieties ( r>e excell5ce are sometimes obta9$ at once by plant+ ! se$s ( old graft$ v>ieties2 ?us ! ,lawr5ce ,favorite & ! ,columbia ,plums 7 rais$ f se$s ( ! ,gre5 ,gage1 "o ( ! olde/ ,european v>ieties4 ,let u n[ look at an absolute exp]im5t conduct$ av[$ly ^u ! ,van ,mons plan 9 our own c\ntry1 ^u ! f]tile soil ( ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois1 & see to :at results x l$3-- ,! foll[+ facts h be5 elicit$ f correspond5ce ) ,h4,p4 ,bray%aw1 ( ,du ,quo91 ,ill9ois4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 in/itut$ by 8 fa!r _m ye>s ago1 to te/ ! tru? ( ! ,van ,mons' !ory ( ! improvem5t ( fruits by us+ only ! fir/ se$s4 ,?irty-five ye>s ago1 9 #ahbg1 8 fa!r procur$ tw5ty-five se$l+ trees f a nurs]y1 :i* may be suppos$ to h be5 an av]age lot1 gr[n f promiscu\s se$4 ,^! 7 plant$1 & :5 !y came into be>+1 six ( !m furni%$ fruit t might be call$ good & ( ^!1 f\r 7 consid]$ f9e4 ,"o ( ! six is /ill 9 cultivation1 & kn[n z ! ,ill9ois ,gre5+4 ,( ! rema9d] ( ! trees1 "s ( ! fruits 7 fair1 & ! re/ 7 wor?less1 & h disappe>$4 ,second ,g5]ation4--,! fir/ fruits ( ^! trees 7 select$1 & ! se$s 7 s[n4 ,( ! result+ crop1 "s furni%$ fruit t 0 good1 b !y d n appe> to h m]it$ mu* att5tion4 ,?ird ,g5]ation4--,f fir/ se$s ( ! above1 "o hundr$ trees 7 produc$1 "s ( :i* 7 good fruit1 & "s ev5 f9e1 :ile "s 7 v poor1 f\r or five only m]it$ att5tion4 ,s t we see a retrogression f ! r&om se$l+s1 furni%+ tw5ty-five p] c5t1 ( good fruit1 to only f\r or five p] c5t4 9 ! ?ird g5]ation1 t 7 wor?y ( note4 ,f\r? ,g5]ation4--,a crop ( ! fir/ se$ 0 aga9 s[n1 produc+ a f\r? g5]ation2 ( ^! _m 7 good cul9>y fruits1 none1 or v few be+ ( ! poore/ class ( se$l+s1 none ( !m1 h[ev]1 7 f9e en\gh = ! dess]t4 ,fif? ,g5]ation4--,?is crop ( se$l+s 0 de/roy$ by ! cut-worms1 s t only "o tree n[ rema9s1 b has n yet fruit$4 ,b ,mr4 ,bray%aw appe>s to feel hopeful ( ! results1 & promises to cont9ue ! exp]im5t4 ,crops h also be5 s[n f "s ( ^! trees1 b a small] proportion ( ! se$l+s ?us produc$ 7 good fruits1 ?an :5 ! fir/ se$s 7 us$--?is ,mr4 ,bray%aw consid]s confirmatory evid5ce ( ! !ory1 ?\gh he appe>s to feel confid5ce 9 ! v>ieties already 9 use1 mo/ ( :i* _h almo/ an accid5tal orig94 ,he ?9ks ! result w\ld h be5 m successful _h ! blossoms be5 protect$ f impregnation by o!r trees1 & recomm5ds t ^? to be exp]im5t$ ) %\ld be plant$ at a di/ance f or*>ds1 s z to avoid ?is cross-bre$+1 & to all[ ( :at is call$ bre$+ 9-&-94 ,if ?is 7 done1 he feels confid5t t ! se$l+s w\ld m ne>ly resemble ! p>5t1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t w\ld manife/ ! t5d5cy to improvem5t1 & t f ! e>lie/ rip5$ fruits1 "s e>li] v>ieties w\ld be produc$1 f ^? late/ rip5+1 lat] v>ieties1 f ^? t 7 inf]ior & insipid1 poor sorts w\ld spr+1 & t f ! v be/ & mo/ p]fect fruits we might expect "o 9 "o ?\s&1 or "o-t5? ( "o p] c5t41 to be bett] ?an ! p>5t4 ,?is dim9i%es ! *ance = improvem5t to a beautifully f9e po9t ^u :i* to hang our hopes ( ! result ( _m g5]ations ( se$l+s occupy+ m ?an a lifetime ( exp]im5ts4 ,mr4 ,bray%aw1 cit+ "s ( ! g5]ally adopt$ axioms ( bre$]s ( animals1 assumes t crosses1 z ( di/9ct races1 w n be s likely to produce good results1 z a sy/em ( bre$+ 9-&-91 p]si/5tly c>ri$ out4 ,?is plan he recomm5ds1 & alludes to ! qu9ce & mulb]ry z suitable species to op]ate ^u1 because 9 !m !re are few] v>ieties1 & !re=e less liability to cross-bre$+1 & a bett] opportunity = bre$+ 9-&-94 ,he also rem9ds u ( ! happy results :i* foll[ ! c>eful selection ( ! be/ specim5s 9 g>d5 fl[]s & vegetables1 comb9$ ) ! rejection ( all inf]ior plants1 :5 we desire to improve ! "* ( our g>d5 products1 & he adopts ! views ( c]ta9 physiologi/s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are que/ion$ by o!r au?orities1 to ! effect t viol5t or decid$ crosses are always foll[$ by depreciation & det]ioration ( ! (fspr+4 ,! :ole communication ref]r+ to ^! exp]im5ts1 :i* are almo/ ! only ones1 s f> z ,i "k1 :i* h be5 conduct$ 9 ?is c\ntry to any ext5t1 to v]ify or controv]t ! ,van ,mons' !ory1 is v int]e/+1 b x is easy to p]ceive t ! exp]im5t]1 ?\gh app>5tly v fair1 & entirely hone/1 has be5 fully imbu$ ) ! tru? & correctness ( ! proposition ( ,van ,mons1 t ! fir/ rip5$ se$ ( a natural plant 0 m likely to produce an improv$ v>iety1 & t ?is t5d5cy to improvem5t w\ld ev] increase1 & be mo/ prom95t 9 ! fir/ rip5$ se$s ( successive g5]ations gr[n f x4 ,! !ory ( ,van ,mons ,i %all n attempt 9 ?is place to controv]t1 b w simply say t no?+ :i* has yet come "u my obs]vation has _h a t5d5cy to make me a conv]t to ! av[$ views ( t great ,belgian ,pomologi/1 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ! rumors ( 8 oppon5ts1 t he 0 really attempt+ to produce crosses f "s ( ! be/ fruits1 z our g>d5]s h mo/ successfully done 9 num]\s in/ances1 9 ! beautiful fl[]s & delici\s vegetables ( mod]n horticulture1 h always impress$ me ) a color ( probability1 & if he 7 n actually & int5tionally impregnat+ ! blossoms ) poll5 ( ! bett] v>ieties1 natural causes1 su* z ! mov+ curr5ts ( air1 & ! ev] active insects1 ^: special function 9 _m in/ances appe>s to be ! conveyance ( poll51 w\ld necess>ily cause an admixture1 :i*1 9 a promiscu\s & cr[d$ collection1 l ! s*ool ( ,van ,mons1 w\ld at lea/ h an equal *ance ( produc+ an improvem5t 9 "s ( ! result+ se$s4 ,! :ole subject ( v>iation 9 species1 ! exi/5ce ( v>ieties1 & also ( ^? p>tial sports1 :i* may p]haps be consid]$ z /ill m tempor>y v>iations f ! orig9als1 ?an ^? :i* come ?r\gh ! se$s1 is "o ( deep int]e/1 well wor?y ( our /udy1 b conc]n+ :i* we mu/ confess ourselves z yet q ignorant1 & our be/ botani/s d n agree ev5 z to ! specific di/9ctions t h be5 set up z *>act]s ( "s ( our famili> plants1 = ! mo/ em95t diff] ) reg>d to ! species ( "s ( our common trees & plants4 ,,runn+ ,,out ,,( ,,v>ieties4 ,x has be5 a v g5]ally receiv$ op9ion among intellig5t fruit-gr[]s1 t any giv5 v>iety ( fruit c h b a limit$ p]iod ( exi/5ce1 be t long] or %ort]4 ,reason+ f ! analogies ( animal life ?is w\ld appe> v probable1 = x is well kn[n t individuals ( diff]5t species all h a def9ite p]iod ( life1 "s q brief1 o!rs q ext5d$1 beyond :i* !y d n survive4 ,b ) our mod]n views ( vegetation1 ?\gh we "k t all p]5nial plants d ev5tually die & mold] away to ! du/ f :5ce !y 7 creat$1 & t _m trees ( our own plant+ come to an untimely end1 :ile we yet survive to obs]ve _! decay1 /ill1 we c see no reason :y a tree or p>ts ( a tree tak5 f x1 & plac$ "u circum/ances favorable to its gr[? f "t to "t1 may n be sempit]nal4 ,h>vey has plac$ ?is matt] 9 a correct light1 by %[+ t ! true life & hi/ory ( a tree is 9 ! buds1 :i* are annual1 :ile ! tree itself is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 !m & ! gr\nd4 ,any portion ( su* a comp\nd exi/5ce1 graft$ ^u ano!r /ock1 or plant$ imm$iately 9 ! gr\nd itself & e/abli%$ ^u its own roots1 w produce a new tree l ! fir/1 be+ furni%$ ) supplies ( n\ri%m5t x may gr[ indef9itely :ile reta9+ all ! qualities ( ! p>5t /ock--if t be heal?y & vigor\s s w ?is--inde$ new life & vigor (t5 seem to be imp>t$ by a cong5ial ?rifty /ock1 & a f]tile soil1 s t !re does n appe> to be any reason :y ! v>iety %\ld ev] run out & disappe>4 ,! di/+ui%$ ,?omas ,&rew ,knight1 ,presid5t ( ! ,london ,horticultural ,society1 0 "o ( ! lead+ advocates ( ! !ory t v>ieties w\ld necess>ily run out & disappe> z x 7 by exhau/ion4 ,9 8 ,pomona ,h]e=di5sis1 he tells u t ^? apples1 :i* h be5 long 9 cultivation1 are on ! decay4 ,! ,r$/reak & ,gold5 ,pipp9 c no long] be propagat$ ) advantage4 ,! fruit1 l ! p>5t tree1 is affect$ by ! debilitat$ old age ( ! v>iety4 ,& 9 8 treatise on ! culture ( ! apple & pe>1 he says3 ,! ,moil & its successful rival1 ! ,r$/reak1 ) ! ,mu/ & ,gold5 ,pipp91 are 9 ! la/ /age ( decay1 & ! ,/ire & ,fox:elp are ha/5+ rapidly aft] !m4 ,9 notic+ ! decay ( apple trees1 ,pl9y probably ref]s to p>ticul> trees1 r ?an ! :ole ( any v>iety1 :5 he says t apples become old soon] ?an any o!r tree1 & ! fruit becomes small] & is subject to be cank]$ & worm-eat51 ev5 :ile on ! trees4--,lib4 ,,xvi1 ,*ap4 #bg4 ,spee*ly combat$ ! views ( ,mr4 ,knight1 & says3 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ?is app>5tly vision>y notion ( ! ext9ction ( c]ta9 k9ds ( apples %\ld h be5 promulgat$ by au?ors ( respectability1 s9ce ! mi/ake w1 = a "t at lea/1 be productive ( sev]al ill consequ5ces4 ,"s ( ! old ,engli% v>ieties t 7 suppos$ to be worn out or exhau/$1 appe> to h tak5 a new lease ( life 9 ?is c\ntry1 b we h n yet _h a long en\gh exp]i5ce to decide ?is "q4 ,_m ( ! e>li] native favorites ( ! or*>d h1 = "s reason1 disappe>$ f cultivation--:e!r !y h run out1 7 orig9ally defici5t 9 vigor1 or h m]ely be5 sup]s$$ by m acceptable v>ieties1 does n appe>4 ,mr4 ,phillips1 9 8 ,companion1 /ates t 9 #ahai1 he obs]v$ a great quantity ( ! ,gold5 ,pipp9 9 ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,m>ket1 :i* 7 9 p]fect condition1 & 0 induc$ to make inquiries respect+ ! heal? ( ! v>iety1 :i* result$ 9 satisfactory replies f all qu>t]s1 t ! trees 7 recov]+ f disease1 :i* he ?\ght _h be5 induc$ by a succession ( unpropiti\s seasons4 ,he cites ,mr4 ,ronald's op9ion1 t !re 0 !n no fe> ( los+ ?is v>iety2 & ,mr4 ,lee1 :o ?\ght t ! app>5t decay ( "s trees 0 ow+ to unfavorable seasons4 ,mr4 ,h>rison in=m$ him t ?is v>iety 0 v successfully gr[n on ! m\nta9s ( ! isl& ( ,madeira1 at an elevation ( #cjjj feet1 & produc$ abundantly4 ,also t ! v>iety 0 q satisfactory 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&1 & concludes t ! ,gold5 ,pipp9 only requires ! mo/ g5ial situation1 to r5d] x z prolific is =m]ly4 ,x is q probable1 z ,phillips sugge/s1 t ,mr4 ,knight _h wat*$ ! trees dur+ unfavorable seasons :i* prevail$ at t p]iod1 & z he f\nd ! disease increase1 he ref]r$ x to ! old age ( ! v>iety1 & bas$ 8 !ory to t effect ^u p>tial data4 ,mr4 ,knight's views1 ?\gh !y h tak5 a /rong hold ^u ! popul> m9d1 h n be5 confirm$ by physiologi/s4 ,= ?\gh ! se$ w\ld appe> to be ! prop] s\rce :5ce to d]ive our new plants1 & c]ta9ly our new v>ieties ( fruits1 _m plants h1 = an indef9ite p]iod1 be5 propagat$ by lay]s1 %oots or scions1 buds1 tub]s1 etc41 & t ! v>iety has ?us be5 ext5d$ mu* beyond ! p]iod ( ! life ( ! p>5t or orig9al se$l+4 ,/rawb]ries are propagat$ & multipli$ by ! runn]s1 potatoes by tub]s1 ! ,tig] ,lily by bulblets1 "s onions by prolif]\s bulbs1 sug>cane by plant+ pieces ( ! /alk1 _m grapes by horizontal /ems1 & _m plants by cutt+s1 = a v great l5g? ( "t4 ,! grape v9e has be5 cont9u$ 9 ?is way f ! days ( ! ,romans4 ,a slip tak5 f a will[ 9 ,mr4 ,knight's g>d5 pron\nc$ by him to be dy+ f old age1 0 plant$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,botanic ,g>d5 _m ye>s ago1 & is n[ a vigor\s tree1 ?\gh ! orig9al /ock has long s9ce gone to decay4#aa ,,footnotes3 #c ,nor? ,am]ican ,sylva1 ,nuttall ,,ii1 p4 #be4 #d ,di>y4 #e ,hi/ory ( ,kn>esbor\gh1 p4 #baf4--;,companion ( ! ,or*>d1 p4 #cd4 #f ,our lexicograph]s give x a simil> orig91 b ref] x to ! %ape 9 :i* x 0 put up4 ,o!rs d]ive x f poma1 ,spani%1 a box ( p]fume4 #g ,phillips' ,companion1 p4 #cb4 #h ,phillips' ,companion1 p4 #da4 #i ,balf\r's ,manual4 #aj ,balf\r's ,manual4 #aa ,balf\r's ,manual1 p4 #bhd4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,propagation4--,,section ,i4 ,,all ,,gr[? ,,is ,,dep5dant ,,^u ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,cells4 ,,! ,,se$ ,,& ,,! ,,bud2 ,,_! ,,resemblance4 ,,! ,,individuality ,,( ,,buds4 ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,all ,,propagation4 ,,buds ,,are ,,develop$ ,,into ,,twigs2 ,,h ,,p[] ,,( ,,emitt+ ,,roots4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,cell-,,gr[?4 ,,by ,,cutt+s3 ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,selection4 ,,heel-,,cutt+s4 ,,s(t ,,wood4 ,,h>d ,,wood4 ,,seasons ,,= ,,ea*4 ,,fall ,,plant+4 ,,! ,,callus1 ,,or ,,developm5t ,,( ,,cell-,,gr[?4 ,,bottom ,,heat2 ,,:y ,,b5eficial4 ,,:y ,,spr+ ,,cutt+s ,,fail4 ,,/imulus ,,( ,,light ,,^u ,,! ,,buds1 ,,causes ,,!m ,,to ,,exp&1 ,,& ,,! ,,leaves ,,evaporate ,,too ,,freely4 ,,root ,,cutt+s2 ,,diff]5t ,,fruits ,,?us ,,propagat$4 ,,by ,,suck]s3 ,,objections ,,to ,,answ]$4 ,,suck] ,,or*>ds2 ,,be> ,,e>ly4 ,,suck] ,,trees ,,apt ,,to ,,suck] ,,aga94 ,,by ,,lay]s3 ,a ,,natural ,,me?od4 ,,h[ ,,p]=m$4 ,,! ,,raspb]ry ,,& ,,! ,,grape4 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,me?ods4 ,,qu9ce ,,/ocks4 ,,adjuvants ,,to ,,lay]+1 ,,not*+1 ,,etc4 ,,by ,,se$s3 ,,h[ ,,x ,,diff]s ,,f ,,! ,,o!rs4 ,,apple ,,se$l+s4 ,,_! ,,treatm5t1 ,,sep>at+1 ,,& ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,se$4 ,,app>atus4 ,,spr\t+4 ,,s[+4 ,,cultivation4 ,,se$l+s4 ,,treatm5t4 ,,sort+4 ,,pack+4 ,all propagation ( plants mu/ dep5d ^u ! developm5t ( se$s or ( buds1 & all w arise f ! gr[? & ext5sion ( cells4 ,! se$ & ! bud are mu* m ne>ly relat$ ?an a casual obs]v] w\ld at fir/ sight suppose4 ,! e>ly phylologi/s ?\ght !y discov]$ t 9 ! se$ 0 enwrapp$ ! image ( ! future tree--a dissection ( ! se$ w\ld appe> to demon/rate ?is4 ,x is compos$ ( sep>ate p>ts :i* are capable ( be+ develop$ into ! root1 /em1 & app5dages1 b !y h yet to be s develop$2 ! sev]al p>ts t we f9d 9 ! se$ are m]ely ! repres5tative p>ts4 ,b ! se$ has ! future ( ! tree )9 itself1 x has c]ta9 qualities ( ! future tree impress$ ^u x 9 its prim>y organization1 )9 ! capsule ( ! fruit ( ! p>5t plant1 s t 9 a high] s5se ! image ( ! future tree does exi/ )9 ! se$4 ,)9 ! bud1 /ill m pla9ly & m di/9ctly visible1 is ! future tree manife/1 & we may produce a tree f a bud z c]ta9ly z we d f a se$4 ,subject$ to circum/ances favorable = gr[?1 ! bud1 z well z ! se$1 w emit roots1 w =m its /em1 bran*es & app5dages1 & w become a tree2 diff]+ f ! product ( ! se$ only 9 ?is1 t 9 ! latt] ! result+ organism con/itutes a new individual :i* may v>y some:at f its p>5t1 9 ! =m] x is only a new developm5t ( a "p ( a previ\sly exi/+ organization4 ,! simil>ity exi/+ betwe5 ! two is exce$+ly close1 & is a matt] ( great importance 9 horticultural op]ations4 ,dr4 ,l9dley1 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle1 says v truly1 t e bud ( a tree is an individual vegetable1 & a tree1 !re=e1 is a family or sw>m ( individual plants1 l ! polype ) its "y gr[+ out ( its sides1 or l ! bran*+ cells ( ! coral insect4 ,simil> op9ions1 m or less modifi$1 h be5 express$ by subsequ5t physiologi/s1 & are famili> to m5 ( sci5ce 9 e c\ntry &1 we may add1 are also univ]sally accept$ z true by all :o claim a "r to express an op9ion ^u ! subject4--,m5 ( sci5ce recognize ! individuality ( buds4--,nobody d\bts ! individuality ( buds4--,9 a g>d5+ aspect1 ! individuality ( buds is ! c>d9al po9t ^u :i* "s ( our mo/ important op]ations turn2 su*1 = example1 z all modes ( propagation :atev]1 except by se$4 ,if ?is be n fully und]/ood1 !re is no possible explanation ( ! reasons :y c]ta9 results are sure to foll[ ! atta*m5t ( a bud1 or ! ins]tion ( a graft1 or ! plant+ ( a cutt+1 or ! b5d+ ( a lay]1 or ! approa* ( a scion1 or ! sett+ ( an eye--our six great =ms ( artificial multiplication4 ,9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,botany1 ! same writ] says3 ,an embryo is a "y plant produc$ by ! ag5cy ( ! sexes1 & develop$ )9 a se$--a leaf bud is a "y plant1 produc$ )\t ! ag5cy ( ! sexes1 enclos$ )9 ! rudim5t>y leaves call$ scales1 & develop$ on a /em4 ,an embryo propagates ! species1 leaf-buds propagate ! individual4 ,he %[s ea* to be a "y plant develop+ itself upw>ds1 d[nw>ds & horizontally1 into /em1 root1 & m$ull>y sy/em4 ,dr4 ,s*leid5 ?us beautifully expresses 8 views ( _! individuality3 ,n[ ! bud ess5tially is no?+ m ?an a repetition ( ! plant on :i* x is =m$4 ,! f\ndation ( a new plant consi/s equally ( a /em & leaves1 & ! sole di/9ction is t ! /em becomes intimately bl5d$ at its base ) ! "m plant 9 its gr[?1 & has no free radical extremity l t exhibit$ by a plant develop$ f a se$4 ,h[ev]1 ?is di/9ction is n s great z at ! fir/ glance x appe>s4 ,e plant ( high organization possesses ! p[] ( %oot+ out adv5titi\s roots f its /em1 "u ! favor+ influ5ces ( moi/ure2 & v frequ5tly1 ev5 plants t h be5 rais$ f se$1 are =c$ to cont5t !mselves ) su* adv5titi\s roots1 s9ce x is ! nature ( _m plants1 = in/ance ! grasses1 nev] to develop _! prop] root1 al?\gh ! radicle is actually pres5t4 ,we are1 x is true1 accu/om$ to look ^u ! matt] z ?\gh ! buds mu/ always be develop$ into twigs & bran*es1 on & 9 connection ) ! plant itself2 & ?us 9 common life1 we reg>d !m z p>ts ( a plant1 & n z indep5d5t individuals1 :i* !y are 9 fact1 al?\gh !y1 l *ildr5 :o rema9 9 _! pat]nal home1 reta9 ! close/ connection ) ! plant on :i* !y 7 produc$4 ,t !y are at lea/ capable ( becom+ indep5d5t plants1 is %[n by an exp]im5t frequ5tly successful :5 ! necess>y c>e is tak51 namely ! break+ (f & s[+ ( ! buds ( our =e/ trees4 ,! well-kn[n g>d5 op]ations ( graft+ & budd+ are also examples ( ?is1 & lay]+ only diff]s f ! s[+ ( ! buds1 9 t ! buds on ! lay]s are all[$ to acquire a c]ta9 degree ( maturity be=e !y are sep>at$ f ! p>5t plant4 ,all "h dep5ds ^u ! facility ) :i* ^! bud plants root z x is call$1 t is develop adv5titi\s roots1 :5 !y are br\ght 9 contact ) moi/ e>?4 99 99 99 ,nature h]self v (t5 makes use ( ?is me?od to multiply c]ta9 plants 9 incalculable numb]s4 ,9 a few cases1 ! process resembles ! artificial s[+ ( buds1 z :5 ! plant spontane\sly ?r[s (f ! p]fect buds at a c]ta9 p]iod2 an in/ance ( ?is is af=d$ by "s ( our g>d5 ,lilies1 :i* ?r[ (f ! little bulb-l buds :i* appe> 9 ! axils ( ! l[] leaves4 ,! m common mode ( proce$+ is z foll[s3 ,^? buds :i* h be5 =m$ ne> ! surface ( ! soil1 gr[ up into %oots provid$ ) leaves2 b ! %oots are long1 sl5d] & delicate1 ! leaves too are /unt$ into little scales2 9 _! axils1 h[ev]1 !y develop /rong buds1 :i* ei!r 9 ! same or 9 ! foll[+ ye> take root1 & ! sl5d] %oot connect+ !m ) ! p>5t plant1 dy+ & decay+1 !y become free indep5d5t plants4 ,9 ?is mann] ! /rawb]ry soon cov]s a neglect$ g>d54#ab ,^u ! developm5t ( a cell 9 any liv+ tissue1 & its p[] ( reproduc+ o!r cells1 & ^u its function ( communicat+ by endosmosis & exosmosis ) o!r l cells1 dep5d all our success 9 propagat+ vegetables1 :e!r f se$s or buds1 & p>ts conta9+ ^!4 ,we mu/ /udy ! circum/ances t favor ! developm5t ( cells1 if we w\ld be successful 9 propagat+ plants4 ,ea* bud be+ consid]$ an individual1 & capable1 "u favorable circum/ances1 ( tak+ on a sep>ate exi/5ce1 we c multiply any individual v>iety indef9itely1 & be sure ( hav+ ! same qualities ( foliage & fruit t we admire 9 ! orig9al1 & t we may desire to propagate4 ,?is applies equally to a gr\p ( buds1 z 9 cutt+s1 grafts & lay]s1 etc42 b1 m wond]ful /ill1 !re are cells capable ( develop+ buds :]e none exi/$ be=e1 & ev5 9 tissues or p>ts ( a plant :]e we d n usually f9d buds--h5ce we h a mode ( propagation ( _m woody plants1 by root cutt+s1 & by leaves1 & ev5 p>ts ( leaves4 ,,propagation ,,by ,,cutt+s4--,_m fruits are multipli$ by ?is means4 ,heal?y %oots ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[? are usually select$ & tak5 :5 ! p>5t is 9 a dormant /ate1 or /ill bett]1 :5 x is approa*+ ?is condition4 ,sometimes a small portion ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[? is left ) ! cutt+1 mak+ a sort ( heel2 :5 ?is is n to be _h1 or n pref]r$1 ! slip is to be prep>$ = plant+ by cutt+ x smoo?ly j bel[ a bud1 z ?is seems to be ! mo/ favorable po9t 9 _m plants = ! emission ( roots4 ,"s plants w ?r[ out radicles at any po9t indiff]5tly along ! int]nodes or m]i?allus4 ,! pref]5ce = heel-cutt+s dep5ds ^u ! fact1 t ne> ! base ( ! annual %oot !re are always a great numb] ( buds1 _m ( :i*1 h[ev]1 be+ imp]fectly develop$1 are inconspicu\s1 b ?\gh dormant1 !y seem to favor ! emission ( rootlets4 ,cutt+s may be made to gr[ if tak5 at any p]iod ( _! developm5t1 b :5 gre5 & s(t1 !y require p>ticul> conditions ( heat & moi/ure 9 ! soil1 & atmosph]e1 t are only "u ! control ( ! pr(essional g>d5]4 ,!y are usually tak5 9 ! dormant /ate1 because !y are !n susceptible ( be+ made to gr[ "u ! ord9>y conditions ( out-door g>d5+4 ,if cut e>ly 9 ! season1 on ! approa* ( autumn1 aft] ! wood-gr[? has be5 p]fect$1 !y may be plant$ at once ) good prospect ( success1 or !y may be put into ! soil1 out ( doors1 9 ! cell>1 or 9 a cold frame or pit1 & a v important /ep 9 ! progress ( _! gr[? w comm5ce at once4 ,! leafless /icks are n dead1 & :5ev] ! temp]ature w admit ( ! quiet int]*ange ( fluids among _! cells1 ?is curi\s function w g on1 & w be accompani$ by ! developm5t or g5]ation ( new cells t soon cov] ! cut surfaces1 con/itut+ :at ! g>d5]s call ! callus4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep t[>d gr[?1 & x mo/ readily occurs :5 ! e>? is w>m] ?an ! air2 h5ce ! value ( fall plant+1 :e!r ( trees or ( cutt+s1 if done be=e ! e>? has be5 *ill$1 & h5ce also1 ! importance ( bottom heat 9 artificial propagation4 ,if on ! contr>y ! air be w>m & ! gr\nd cold1 ! buds are (t5 /imulat$ to bur/ =?1 be=e ! rootlets c h />t$4 ,! exp&+ foliage :i* s delights ! tyro 9 propagation1 (f]s an ext5d$ surface = evaporation1 ! conta9$ juices ( ! cutt+ itself are soon exhau/$1 no adequate supply is furni%$1 & ! hopeful plant soon )]s1 or damps (f1 & dies4#ac ,! cutt+1 l ! se$1 mu/ h fir/ ! root1 !n ! blade4 ,! l5g? ( "t t is all[$ = cutt+s to prep>e = root+1 if !y are design$ = spr+ plant+1 %\ld be z great z possible1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* !y are kept %\ld be su* z to favor ! developm5t ( ! cells1 s t roots may =m freely ) ! break+ ( ! buds1 if n be=e4 ,root-cutt+s %\ld be made 9 ! spr+1 j be=e ! usual p]iod ( ! bur/+ ( ! buds 9 ! plant to be propagat$4 ,! t5d5cy to develop buds appe>s to be !n mo/ active4 ,g5tle bottom heat1 ?\gh n ess5tial1 is /ill v desirable1 & w conduce to ! success ( ! op]ation4 ,"s plants are be/ propagat$ by ?is means1 & ^? too1 :i* nev] naturally produce suck]s1 may (t5 be successfully gr[n by sections ( ! roots4 ,all plants d n equally admit ( propagation by division z cutt+s1 "s woody tissues refus+ to emit roots "u almo/ any circum/ances4 ,nobody ?9ks ( propagat+ ! /one fruits1 su* z ! *]ry1 plum1 pea*1 or apricot1 by attempt+ to plant cutt+s1 & yet "s ( ^! w emit roots v freely1 z we may (t5 obs]ve :5 ! %oots or trimm+s are us$ z supports = plants 9 ! gre5-h\se4 ,! plum tree is exce$+ly apt to =m new roots :5 plant$ too deeply1 & ^u ?is fact dep5ds ! success or failure ( ! f9] v>ieties :5 work$ ^u c]ta9 v>ieties ( ! wild /ock4 ,if ! "y trees are e>!d up 9 ! nurs]y1 & set r deeply 9 ! or*>d1 !y w soon e/abli% a good set ( roots ( _! own1 emitt$ above ! junction ( ! scion & /ock1 :i* is v pref]able to ! imp]fect union & consequ5t enl>gem5t t (t5 results f us+ uncong5ial /ocks4 ,! raspb]ry & blackb]ry d n gr[ s well f cutt+s ( ! wood1 :i* is always bi5nial 9 ?is g5us1 z !y d f root-cutt+s4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 pea*es are ma9ly produc$1 or ! favorite v>ieties are multipli$1 by plant+ ! spr\ts t come f ! base ( ! trunk ( ! trees2 ^! h little or no roots :5 tak5 (f ) ! mattock1 b !y soon e/abli% !mselves & make good trees1 be>+ fruit l _! p>5ts1 9 soils & climate t are well adapt$ to ?is fruit4 ,ref9$ & sci5tific horticulture has be5 ext5sively appli$ to ! multiplication ( ! grape1 :i* is n[ produc$ 9 imm5se numb]s1 f s+le eyes1 or buds4 ,=m]ly our v9ey>ds 7 =m$ by plant+ long cutt+s at once 9 ! field 9 ! /ations to be occupi$ by ! v9es1 or by sett+ !m fir/ 9 a nurs]y1 :5ce !y 7 transplant$ to ! v9ey>d1 :5 "o or two ye>s old4 ,only ! mo/ refractory k9ds1 :i* w\ld n gr[ readily 9 ! field1 or su* z 7 yet r>e1 7 propagat$ f cutt+s1 by us+ ! s+le eye & artificial bottom heat4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ! appliances ( our propagators are call$ ^u = ! production ( grape-v9es by ! million1 & !y f9d x advisable to multiply all ! v>ieties 9 ?is mann]4 ,! propagation ( ! grape by us+ s+le eyes af=ds ! mo/ beautiful illu/ration ( ! subject ( ! individuality ( buds1 & ?\gh d5\nc$ by "s z an unnatural1 /eam-=c+ process1 x is really an evid5ce ( ! advance ( horticulture1 s9ce e /ep is support$ by a philosophical reason1 & ! :ole process1 to be successful1 is dep5d5t ^u ! application to practice ( well e/abli%$ sci5tific tru?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,,fr5* ,,& ,,common ,,modes ,,( ,,sett+ ,,cutt+s4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t ! fir/ effect ( cell-gr[? ^u a cutt+1 is ! production ( a callus4 ,?is callus may =m ^u any cut surface1 or ev5 :]e ! b>k has be5 abrad$4 ,x is ! fir/ ef=t ( nature to repair an injury by ! reproduction ( new p>ts2 x is mo/ g5]ally f\nd at ! base ( ! cutt+1 b "u favorable circum/ances1 x w be se5 also at ! upp] end ( ! %oot if ?is has be5 plac$ 9 contact ) ! e>?4 ,cutt+s w sometimes be set up-side d[n1 :5 we f9d ! callus ^u ! small] end1 & roots w be emitt$ f t portion :5ce we %\ld h expect$ to see ! bran*es issue4 ,^u ?is fact1 & to multiply ! *ances ( liv+1 has be5 bas$ ! ,fr5* me?od1 z x is call$1 or t ( ins]t+ bo? ends ( ! cutt+s4 ,! common mode1 7fig4 #a71 is to set ! cutt+s 9 a slant+ direction 9 ! gr\nd1 s plac$ t ! upp] eye or bud only %all rea* ! surface4 ,=m]ly !re 0 a pref]5ce = long cutt+s1 & ^! 7 (t5 made eighte5 in*es or m 9 l5g?4 ,! practice ) mo/ ( our cultivators has be5 modifi$ 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & !y h r$uc$ ! l5g? ( ! slips to six & eight in*es1 s z to h 9 grape wood ab\t ?ree or f\r eyes4 ,"s h gone /ill fur!r1 & use b two1 ev5 = out-door plant+ ( ! grape1 & "s h be5 v successful :5 us+ b a s+le jo9t4 ,! ,g]mans h advocat$ long] cutt+s1 ^u ! !ory t !re 0 a retroaction 9 ! pi? ( ! int]nodes & 9 all ! buds ( ! cutt+1 ^u ! l[] po9t1 enabl+ x to pu% roots m /rongly f a long ?an f a %ort cutt+4 ,?is !ory has = its support ! fact1 t !re is 9 su* a cutt+ a l>g] am\nt ( organizable matt] to be develop$ into ! new p>ts to be produc$1 & c]ta9ly1 if neglect$1 %ort cutt+s w be v apt to suff] f dr\ght1 b 9 practice1 x is f\nd t ! %ort cutt+ plants h bett] roots1 :i* are ne> ! surface1 & ev5 ^? plants1 gr[n f s+le eyes1 are bett] burni%$ ?an long cutt+s produc$ ^u ! old plan1 :i* plac$ ! roots deep 9 ! soil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,"o-,,eye ,,cutt+s ,,( ,,! ,,grape4 ,!re are v>i\s me?ods ( prep>+ ! s+le-eye cutt+s1 "s ( :i* are repres5t$ 9 fig4 #b4 ,among our cultivat$ fruits !re is b a limit$ numb] t ne$ to be propagat$ by cutt+s1 ?\gh1 :]e x becomes necess>y1 _m ( !m may be gr[n 9 ?is mann]1 to :i* proc$ure !re are no s]i\s objections1 ?\gh !re are "s ( a !oretical nature4 ,! currant & ! gooseb]ry are increas$ almo/ exclusively f cutt+s1 !y /rike root v readily1 & are multipli$ to any ext5t2 _! se$s are s[n only to produce new v>ieties4 ,! grape is propagat$ v ext5sively by cutt+s2 ! slips are (t5 plant$ 9 ! field & 9 ! /ations :]e ! v9es are want$ = ! v9ey>d2 b "s v>ieties are s unsatisfactory 9 _! results1 t o!r m elaborate & sci5tific means mu/ be tak5 = _! propagation4 ,among ! l>g] fruits1 ^? con/itut+ our trees1 we d n dep5d ^u cutt+s1 except 9 ! qu9ce1 :i* is n only gr[n = its fruit1 b is also l>gely produc$ z a /ock = ! dw>f$ pe>1 & is ext5sively propagat$ f cutt+s4 ,! ,p>adise apple1 a dw>f /ock1 is multipli$ 9 ! same way4 ,pe>s & apples may be gr[n f cutt+s1 b ?is plan is n pursu$ ) !m to any ext5t4 ,^? t are root-graft$1 or budd$ v l[1 especially ! pe> on qu9ce /ocks1 w (t5 produce roots if favorably situat$1 b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 v>ieties1 "s r>ely produce a root1 :ile o!rs are v prone to d x2 f obs]vations ( ?is fact1 a new phase ( dw>f-pe> culture has be5 inaugurat$4 ,,suck]s4--,"o ( ! simple/ me?ods ( multiply+ v>ieties consi/s ( increas+ & enc\rag+ ! suck]s ?r[n up by ! roots2 ^! are sep>at$ & set out = trees4 ,we h be5 told by "s physiologi/s t !re 0 an absolute diff]5ce 9 /ructure betwe5 ! root & ! /em1 t !y c\ld n be sub/itut$ ! "o = ! o!r2 & yet ! (t quot$ m>vel ( ! tree :i* 0 plant$ upside d[n1 & :i* produc$ fl[]s & leaves f its roots1 :ile its bran*es emitt$ fibres1 & became true roots1 is famili> to e "o4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r cases1 our tea*]s h l$ u into error by attempt+ to trace analogy ) animal anatomy & physiology1 & by direct+ our att5tion to ! circulation ( plants1 z ?\gh !y1 l ! high] animals1 possess$ true art]ial & v5\s curr5ts ( circulat+ fluids4 ,! cell circulation is q a diff]5t affair1 & c be conduct$ 9 ei!r direction1 z e g>d5] kn[s :o has ev] lay]$ a plant1 or set a cutt+ upside d[n4 ,s ) ! roots--!y are b d[nw>d ext5sions ( ! /em2 "u ord9>y circum/ances !y h no ne$ = buds1 b ^! may be1 & (t5 are develop$1 :5 ! necessity = _! pres5ce arises4 ,buds d exi/ on roots1 especially ^u ^? t are horizontal & ne> ! surface1 & f !m freely spr+ suck]s1 :i* are z mu* p>ts ( ! p>5t tree z its bran*es1 & may be plant$ ) entire c]ta9ty ( obta9+ ! same fruit1 j z ! twigs :5 us$ z cutt+s1 or scions1 :5 graft$1 w produce simil> results4 ,:ole or*>ds are plant$1 9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry1 ) ! suck]s f old trees2 apples1 pe>s1 plums1 & ev5 pea*es1 z well z raspb]ries & blackb]ries1 are multipli$ 9 ?is primitive way4 ,!re are "s v>ieties ( apples t h be5 s propagat$ = half a c5tury1 & ext5d$ = hundr$s ( miles 9 ?is way by ! pione] emigrants1 )\t ev] hav+ be5 graft$1 until _! m]its h at l5g? accid5tally become kn[n to ! ,pomological ,societies & nurs]ym51 :5 ! propagation ( !m by graft+ soon sup]c$es ! m primitive me?od4 ,suck] trees are object$ to ^u ! gr\nds t !y are n heal?y & ?rifty1 t !y d n h good roots4 ,inh]5t disease ( ! p>5t tree w ( c\rse be transmitt$ ) its o!r peculi>ities1 b ,i _c imag9e t ?is w\ld be any m likely to occur 9 a suck] ?an 9 a lay]1 or cutt+1 or graft4 ,z to ! roots1 !y may be m develop$ ^u "o side ?an ano!r 9 ! "y tree1 & ?is /ate ( ?+s may cont9ue 9 ! adult2 we (t5 obs]ve ! same condition 9 ! /umps ( ! mon>*s ( our =e/s1 :i* 7 nev] suspect$ 9 ! day ( _! glory & pride ( hav+ su* a fault4 ,b su* a condition ( roots is n ess5tial to ! suck]1 :i* may be made to h z f9e a sy/em ( lat]al roots1 & z ev5ly & regul>ly di/ribut$ z ^? ( a se$l+ tree4 ,ano!r objection to ?is mode ( propagation has mu* tru? & "s =ce2 t is1 t suck]s are v apt to produce suck]s aga94 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ! ,morello *]ry1 :i* is a favorite /ock1 ^u :i* to "w _m ( ! *oice v>ieties4 ,z an (fset to ?is x may be urg$1 t ! small fibr\s roots1 :i* are suppos$ to conduce to e>ly fruitfulness1 ab\nd 9 trees propagat$ by ?is means1 & ?is may be ! reason :y ! fruit trees t h be5 ?us multipli$1 are v g5]ally rem>kable = _! precoci\s fruit+4 ,"s ( ! apples t h be5 long increas$ 9 ?is mann]1 be> s e>ly1 & s b\ntifully1 z to prev5t !m f ev] =m+ v l>ge trees2 !y (t5 h a /unt$ appe>ance1 & n infrequ5tly pres5t a peculi> inequality ^u ! b>k1 portions be+ swoll5 or enl>g$ l w>ts--f :i*1 9 "s cases1 x is easy to =ce out %oots or spr\ts2 !y are inde$ true gemmules l ^? ( ! old olive trees1 & l !m might be us$ = ! propagation ( ! v>iety2 a simil> condition1 no d\bt1 exi/s 9 ! roots1 :5ce ! t5d5cy to suck]4 ,! common ,morello *]ry2 ! ,damson2 ! ,*ickasas1 & o!r v>ieties ( plum2 ! blackb]ry1 & _m raspb]ries1 are multipli$ almo/ exclusively 9 a simil> mann]4 ,,lay]s are portions ( ! bran*es ( a plant t h be5 induc$ to ?r[ out roots1 & :i* c ?us set up an indep5d5t exi/5ce if remov$ f ! p>5t tree4 ,?is mode ( propagation is a v natural "o1 & 0 probably an accid5tal discov]y4 ,9 its traits1 x is ! rev]se ( ! mode we h j be5 consid]+4 ,"h ! bran* emits roots1 in/ead ( ! root emitt+ bran*es1 z 9 ! case ( ! suck]4 ,lay]+ is frequ5tly resort$ to z a mode ( propagation1 x is v simple1 easily p]=m$1 &1 ) "s species1 v c]ta9 9 its results4 ,"s plants w root readily if m]ely plac$ 9 contact ) ! gr\nd1 or v slightly cov]$ ) soil2 o!rs require "s artificial int]f]5ce1 su* z r++1 or twi/+1 or slitt+4 ,! raspb]ry1 kn[n z ! ,rubus occid5talis or ,black-cap1 belongs to ! fir/ class1 & x ev5 places itself 9 contact ) ! soil by recurv+ its bran*es s z to br+ ! tips to ! e>?1 :]e !y /rike root1 & make new plants4 ,! grape comes "u ! second category1 ne$+ only a little assi/ance1 & x is multipli$ to a consid]able ext5t 9 ?is mann]4 ,9 ! spr+1 ! v9es are laid out 9 a little %all[ tr5*1 & pegg$ d[n closely2 z ! buds bur/1 !y ?r[ up %oots :i* are tra9$ v]tically by ty+ !m to /icks1 & z soon z ^! %oots h acquir$ a c]ta9 degree ( maturity & firmness1 ! mell[ e>? is drawn up to !m & !y emit a beautiful sy/em ( roots1 & by ! fall !y =m v f9e plants1 7fig4 #c74 ,! lay]$ bran* is !n tak5 up & ! sev]al plants are sep>at$1 :5 x w be f\nd t ! be/ roots are *iefly f ! l[] jo9ts ( ! new wood1 r ?an f ! old canes t 7 laid d[n 9 ! spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,,propagat+ ,,! ,,grape ,,by ,,lay]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,,lay]+ ,,! ,,qu9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,,/ool ,,lay]+ ,,! ,,qu9ce4 ,qu9ces are consid]ably increas$ by a sort ( lay]+1 z ! twigs emit roots v freely2 !y are (t5 b5t d[n1 slightly twi/$1 or n1 z ! case may be1 & cov]$ ) mell[ soil1 :5 !y readily emit roots1 become firmly e/abli%$1 & may be set out by !mselves1 7fig4 #d74 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r me?od ( lay]+1 mu* practic$ 9 ! multiplication ( ! qu9ce2 t call$ propagation by /ools4 ,! plants are set 9 op5 r[s1 f\r feet wide1 & ?ree or f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[s2 !y %\ld be s plant$ z to /& bel[ ! g5]al surface1 t is 9 tr5*es4 ,:5 cut (f at ! gr\nd 9 ! spr+1 !y ?r[ up a great numb] ( %oots1 & ! e>? is gradually work$ up to ^! to enc\rage _! root+1 7see figure #e71 :i* is (t5 suffici5t = removal ! fir/ season2 if1 on inspection1 ! roots are n f\nd to be suffici5tly l>ge or abundant1 ! e>?+ is cont9u$ until ! autumn ( ! next ye>1 :5 !y are remov$1 ! /ools trimm$ ( _! l[] roots1 & reset 9 new tr5*es4 ,! plants1 ?us rais$ f /ools1 are cut back sev]ely1 & are !n ready to set out 9 nurs]y r[s = budd+4 ,) ! qu9ce1 cultivat$ 9 ?is mann]1 no?+ is requir$ b to accumulate ! mell[ e>? ab\t ! %oots2 b 9 _m plants x is necess>y to not* ! wood by splitt+1 or cutt+ x = an in* or two1 7z 9 fig4 #f71 mak+ a tongue t sep>ates f ! l[] portion ( ! %oot1 & f :i* ! roots are emitt$4 ,?is slit %\ld be comm5c$ j bel[ a bud1 & ! knife is drawn upw>d1 cutt+ halfway ?r\gh ! wood4 ,if comm5c$ at "o side in/ead ( at ! dep5d+ portion1 ! tongue is m sure to be sep>at$ f ! /ock1 to :i* x might o!rwise reunite4 ,to insure root+1 "s p]sons ins]t a little /ick or *ip betwe5 ! sep>at$ portions1 to prev5t a re-union ( ! p>ts4 ,! %oot1 aft] be+ not*$1 is fa/5$ d[n1 & f9e soil or compo/ is br\ght ab\t x to enc\rage ! developm5t ( roots4 ,few ( ! h>d wood$ fruit trees h be5 ext5sively propagat$ by means ( lay]s2 !y might be s produc$1 b x has n be5 f\nd pr(itable nor necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,,mann] ,,( ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,pegg+ ,,d[n ,a ,,lay]4 ,a v common op9ion prevails t lay]+ exhau/s ! "m plant1 or v9e1 :i* is us$ 9 ?is mode ( propagat+4 ,if prop]ly conduct$1 !re is no reason :y ?is %\ld be2 b if ! :ole top ( any plant is b5t d[n & made to take root1 & to =m indep5d5t roots1 !re c be little or no return f ! bran*es to ! orig9al /ock to /r5g!n x4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( heal?y gr[+ wood %\ld always be left 9 its natural position1 & no dang] to ! plant ne$ be appreh5d$4 ,! wood gr[? ( ! /rawb]ry1 :5 all[$ to take its natural b5t1 is direct$ into ! /olons or runn]s1 :i* =m natural lay]s4 ,_! production detracts f ! c5tral wood-gr[? ( ! plant1 & exhau/s its /r5g? to su* a degree1 t x (t5 dies1 :]eas1 by a con/ant removal ( ! runn]s1 z fa/ z !y appe>1 we practice a sort ( summ] prun+ or p9*+1 :i* results 9 ! production ( a l>ge bran*+ /ool1 ) _m po9ts or c5t]s = ! production ( foliage & fl[]s1 & ?us insure ! greate/ abundance ( fruit4 ,! /rawb]ry1 l "o species ( ! raspb]ry1 & _m o!r ( our native plants1 (f]s illu/rations ( natural lay]+4 ,,se$s4--,! mo/ common z well z ! mo/ natural mode ( multiply+ ! individual plants ( mo/ ( our fruit trees1 is by s[+ ! se$2 f ?is s\rce we procure /ocks ^u :i* are work$1 by budd+ or graft+1 ! sev]al v>ieties we may desire to propagate4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is process1 ,i propose to speak ( apple se$l+s4 ,! almo/ univ]sal means ( increas+ ! numb] ( apple trees1 is by s[+ ! se$4 ,?is is g5]ally select$ & sep>at$ f ! fre% pomace left on ! press 9 cid]-mak+4 ,! old & sl[ process ( h&-wa%+ has giv5 way1 9 ?is age ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y1 to m economical me?ods4 ,! mo/ approv$ app>atus is con/ruct$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( sep>at+ ! se$s f ! pulp by means ( _! great] specific gravity2 x is1 inde$1 mu* l a gold wa%]1 be+ a s]ies ( boxes or tr\ghs ?r\gh :i* a curr5t ( wat] is made to fl[2 ?is c>ries ! light] portions away f ! se$s1 ! cont5ts ( ! boxes be+ agitat$ f "t to "t4 ,at ! close ( ! process1 ! clean se$ is f\nd 9 ! bottoms ( ! boxes1 :5ce x is remov$ & c>efully dri$1 by putt+ x 9 an airy place1 & /irr+ x frequ5tly to prev5t mildew & f]m5tation4 ,well prep>$ se$ is plump & bright1 & %\ld feel cold to ! h&4 ,:5 ! pips are brok51 !y %\ld be :ite & cle> )92 b ! be/ te/ ( _! quality1 is to spr\t a portion1 & c\nt ! plants produc$ by a giv5 numb] ( se$s4 ,,s[+4--,! se$s may be put into ! gr\nd1 ei!r 9 ! fall1 or spr+4 ,! soil hav+ be5 well prep>$1 & deeply pulv]iz$1 is ?r[n up 9 b$s a few feet wide1 & ! se$ s[n 9 close drills across2 or )\t ! b$s1 x may be s[n 9 broad drills1 by h&1 or ) a ma*9e1 ! r[s at su* a di/ance z to all[ ( culture by horse-p[]4 ,x is desirable1 9 ei!r case1 to get an e>ly />t & a good /&2 ! we$s mu/ be kept "u f ! v fir/1 & n all[$ to h ! ma/]y = a s+le day4 ,?or\gh culture dur+ ! season1 ^u a deeply till$ soil1 ( su* a "* z to reta9 moi/ure1 w be f\nd highly advantage\s 9 ! production ( ?is crop1 & w insure immunity f leaf-blight & o!r adv]sities4 ,"s recomm5d spr\t+ ! se$ a little be=e plant+4 ,if x h be5 kept dur+ ! w9t] mix$ ) its bulk ( s&1 :i* is a good plan1 ! :ole may be subject$ to a g5tle heat z 9 a hot-b$1 = a few days1 j be=e plant+4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! mass mu/ be /irr$ & turn$ e day1 to prev5t f]m5tation & to secure an ev5 />t4 ,:5ev] ! g]m makes its appe>ance at ! po9ts ( ! se$s1 :i* is call$ pipp+1 ! s[+ mu/ beg91 & %\ld be done z quickly z possible2 ! cov]+ is to be slight1 & ! e>? %\ld be friable & n dispos$ to bake4 ,! dep? at :i* ! apple se$ is to be cov]$ w dep5d ^u ! pres5t & prospective /ate ( ! wea!r1 light] if moi/1 heavi] if dry1 = a cont9u$ dr\? might be fatal to spr\t$ se$1 if x 7 plant$ too ne> ! surface2 b :5 ! wea!r is n dry1 x is advis$ t ! %all[] ! se$ is s[n1 ! bett]4 ,! objection has be5 made to spr\t+1 t if ! process h advanc$ too f>1 ! se$l+s w be apt to h a crook at or ne> ! coll>1 in/ead ( ! /raight fusi=m appe>ance !y %\ld possess :5 pres5t$ to ! graft]4 ,^! se$l+s furni% ! /ocks ^u :i* to "w ! f9] v>ieties ( ! apple4 ,!y are tak5 up 9 ! autumn ) _! long clean roots1 :i* are (t5 long] ?an _! tops1 ! leaves are /ripp$ (f1 & !y are assort$2 ! l>g] are pack$ away 9 e>? or saw-du/ 9 ! graft+ dep>tm5t1 or heel$-9 out ( doors1 & cov]$ 9 su* a way z to be accessible at any "t !y may be ne$$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! small] /ocks are heel$-9 = spr+ plant+ 9 nurs]y r[s = budd+1 or !y may be left 9 ! orig9al r[s = ano!r ye>'s gr[? z se$l+s4 ,if ! plants h be5 well gr[n & n too ?ick1 s t ! majority are ( suffici5t size1 x w be bett] to take !m all up at once & assort !m z j indicat$1 o!rwise ! l>ge/ only may be drawn sep>ately :5 ! gr\nd is s(t ) autumnal ra9s1 leav+ ! small] se$l+s = ano!r ye>'s gr[?4 ,9 assort+ & sell+ ! /ocks1 nurs]ym5 make ab\t ?ree classes4 ,! v l>ge/1 z ?ick z a lead-p5cil1 are call$ extra1 or two-ye> old1 & comm& a high] price4 ,! next size1 call$ #a/ class /ocks1 are l>ge en\gh = co-aptation to ! av]age scions1 & long en\gh to make two cuts ea* = graft+2 & ^? t fall bel[ ?is requisition are consid]$ second class1 & are ei!r ?r[n aside or set out = budd+1 & = /ock or coll>-graft+ 9 ! r[s4 ,,propagation4--,,section ,,ii4--,,graft+4 ,a ,,modification ,,( ,,cutt+s4 ,,success ,,dep5dant ,,^u ,,cell-,,gr[?4 ,,=m+ ,a ,,union ,,) ,,! ,,/ock4 ,,limits ,,to ,,graft+ ,,dep5dant ,,^u ,,! ,,anatomy ,,( ,,! ,,plant4 ,,physiological ,,b\nds4 ,,success ,,is ,,9 ,,proportion ,,to ,,! ,,aff9ity4 ,,sev]al ,,species ,,z ,,/ocks4 ,,di/9ct ,,g5]a4 ,,n>r[ ,,limits4 ,,requisites4 ,,effects ,,( ,,uncong5ial ,,/ocks4 ,,natural ,,graft+ ,,is ,,in>*+4 ,,graft+ ,,by ,,approa*4 ,,v>i\s ,,me?ods ,,( ,,graft+4 ,,:ip1 ,,cleft1 ,,saddle1 ,,side1 ,,etc4 ,,illu/rations4 ,,ty+1 ,,wax+1 ,,etc4 ,,re-,,graft+ ,,old ,,or*>ds4 ,,r5ew ,,successive ,,portions ,,( ,,! ,,tree2 ,,top ,,fir/4 ,,graft+ ,,ma*9es4 ,,root-,,graft+4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,scions4 ,,( ,,! ,,roots4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,! ,,grafts4 ,,division ,,( ,,labor4 ,,diff]5t ,,portions ,,or ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,roots4 ,,/ock-,,graft+4 ,,graft+-,,wax4 ,,seasons ,,=4 ,,prolong$4 ,,selection ,,( ,,scions4 ,,"t ,,= ,,cutt+4 ,,mode ,,( ,,pres]v+4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,grafts4 ,graft+ is b a modification ( propagation by cutt+s4 ,! scion is a cutt+ ( ! v>iety we wi% to propagate1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ committ$ to ! gr\nd to emit its own roots1 is plac$ 9 contact ) tissues ( a nature simil> to its own1 ?r\gh :i* x is to =m a connection ) ! roots & ! soil4 ,! success ( ! op]ation dep5ds ^u ! =mative cell 9 ?is in/ance also1 z 9 ! cutt+2 new cells are =m$ ^u ! cut surface1 & ! int]communication takes place ?r\gh !m4 ,h5ce we h anatomical limits to graft+2 !re are physiological b\nds beyond :i* we _c pass1 9 our comb9ations ( scion & /ock4 ,our success is 9 ! direct ratio ( ! aff9ity t exi/s betwe5 !m2 ?us apple gr[s be/ on apple1 & ev5 among ^! we f9d ! close/ union & ! be/ results1 :]e !re is a simil>ity betwe5 ! /yle ( gr[?1 & probably 9 ! "* ( ! cells4 ,we say1 z a g5]al rule1 t /one fruits mu/ be graft$ ^u /one fruits1 ^? be>+ se$s1 ^u se$ fruit2 b !re are limits ev5 "h :i* conf9e u ^u "o h&1 & give u m latitude ^u ! o!r4 ,?us ! *]ry may be work$ ^u ! wild *]ry 7,prunus ,virg9iana7 b x =ms a v poor union2 ! pe> w gr[ ^u ! ?orn1 :i* has a v diff]5t se$1 b ! union is v imp]fect & ! tree is %ort-liv$2 ! apple w\ld appe> to be mu* ne>] ( k91 s9ce x belongs to ! same g5us1 b ?\gh ! pe> w gr[ vigor\sly ^u ?is /ock1 x is no m p]man5t ?an ^u ! ?orn3 ei!r ( !m w answ] :5 graft$ l[1 or 9 ! root1 to />t ! cutt+1 z ! scion may !n be consid]$1 & to su/a9 x until x %all h suppli$ itself ) roots4 ,9 top-graft+ ! pe> ^u a tree ( ei!r species1 x is f\nd ess5tial to success1 & x conduces to ! great] durability ( ! tree1 = "s bran*es ( ! orig9al /ock to be left intact to secure ! circulation ( ! trunk1 z ! union ( ! dissimil> cells is s imp]fect t x does n furni% suffici5t v5t = ! sap4 ,9 ! case ( ! *]ry we f9d t ! v>ieties appe> to h a great] aff9ity = ^? ( _! own race2 ?us ! ,dukes & ,morellos d well :5 graft$ ^u ! ,morello /ocks1 :]eas ! ,he>ts & ,big>reau sorts d n make a good union ^u ^! /ocks1 b pref] ! ,mazz>d1 :i* has a fre] gr[? m l _! own4 ,mo/ v>ieties w d well ^u ! ,mahaleb /ock1 :i* is us$ z a means ( dw>f+ ?is fruit1 ?\gh n a dw>f4 ,^u ! wild *]ry1 :i* belongs to q a diff]5t section ( ! g5us1 ! cultivat$ v>ieties w gr[1 b !y =m a v imp]fect union4 ,! pea* may be work$ ^u ! plum /ock1 & is claim$ to be some:at dw>f$ by x1 & to produce sup]ior fruit4 ,?is /ock is m cong5ial to ! apricot1 :i* is frequ5tly propagat$ ^u x4 ,bo? plums & apricots may be work$ ^u ! pea* /ock1 & !y w gr[ v vigor\sly1 z !y w ^u ! wild plum1 b !y soon ov]-gr[1 & are v apt to break (f4 ,:5 ei!r ( ^! species is us$ z a /ock = ! plum or apricot1 !y %\ld be consid]$ m]ely z a nurs+ "m1 l ! apple or ?orn to ! pe>1 :i* may be want$ to help ! cutt+ until x %all be prep>$ to /& alone1 & fe$ itself f its own roots4 ,9 o!r words1 !y %\ld be graft$1 n budd$1 into ^! uncong5ial /ocks1 & ! op]ation %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ! coll> or bel[ x1 9 ! root1 s t ! gr[+ scion may be e>!d up1 & enc\rag$ to furni% itself ) a good sy/em ( roots ( its own4 ,! success w !n dep5d ^u ! ability ( ! scion to emit roots freely4 ,we mu/ nev] =get t 9 graft+1 we are conf9$ to v n>r[ limits4 ,our scion mu/ be ( a simil> nature ) ! /ock1 ea* mu/ h cells ( a simil> "*1 capable ( transmitt+ _! nutriti\s fluids f "o to ! o!r4 ,we mu/ recollect likewise1 t ! p>ts mu/ be s co-apt$ t ! cells ( wood gr[? %all be br\ght into z close connection z possible1 9 bo? scion & /ock2 ^! cells are f\nd 9 ! lay]1 call$ ! cambium1 :i* is betwe5 ! wood & ! b>k4 ,! crude sap f bel[ w (t5 pass f cell to cell1 :5 ! elaborat$ sap ( ! cells 9 ! scion is :olly unfitt$ = ! =mation ( wood cells 9 ! /ock bel[ x2 ( c\rse ! union 9 su* a case mu/ be v imp]fect1 & ! product ( su* a graft+ w be subject to accid5t1 & w be %ort-liv$1 ?\gh ! result 9 fruit1 :ile ! union cont9ues1 may be v precoci\s1 abundant1 & ( sup]ior flavor4 ,natural graft+ may (t5 be obs]v$ by ! /ud5t ( nature :5 w&]+ among 8 favorites ( ! sylvan %ades4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! fir/ h9t 0 ?us communicat$ to ! e>ly g>d5]s4 ,9 nature we always f9d ! graft+ to be in>*+1 or graft+ by approa*2 two limbs or ev5 two trees approximat+ closely1 h abrad$ "o ano!r1 & h aft]w>d unit$ _! tissues mo/ firmly toge!r4 ,?is is g5]ally a union ( two trees ( ! same v>iety or species2 b su* is n always ! case2 sometimes trees ( v dissimil> natures unite 9 ?is mann]1 b :5 we exam9e !m we f9d only a dove-tail+1 only a me*anical union1 b no vital action subsi/s betwe5 !m4 ,! anci5ts give u "s fancy sket*es ( ! unions by graft+ ( v dissimil> trees1 & "s mod]ns :o h no high] claim to poetry ?an _! romanc+1 tell u t we may graft ! pea* ^u ! ,will[ & ,buttonwood1 & =m o!r equally impossible unions4 ,! diff]5t me?ods ( p]=m+ ! op]ation ( graft+ v>y ) ! "* & size1 & condition ( ! /ocks to be work$2 ?us we h splice graft+1 :ip1 cleft1 saddle1 & side graft+ ) modifications1 & also graft+ by approa*1 :i* is g5]ally call$ in>*+--?\gh sometimes also practic$ :]e we desire to r5ew ! roots ( a tree t are unheal?y1 or to re/ore ^? t h be5 remov$ by accid5t or by ! erosion ( "s rod5t animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,,splice ,,graft+ is ! simple/ process1 & is applicable only :]e ! size ( ! /ock & ( ! scion correspond pretty ne>ly2 ! two are cut ) a slop+ curve1 ea* ( :i* be+ made at ! same angle1 w co9cide ) ! o!r :5 !y are appli$ toge!r1 z repres5t$ 9 ! engrav+1 fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,,:ip ,,graft+4 ,,:ip ,,graft+ is a modification ( ! above4 ,ea* portion is cut 9 a slop+ mann] z 9 ! splice graft+1 b ea* is also split ) a ?9-blad$ knife1 z repres5t$ 9 fig4 #h4 ,! object 9 ?is is to give a firm] union to ! two portions1 & also to pres5t a m ext5d$ surface = ! effusion ( ! new cell tissue t is to =m ! bond ( union 9 cem5t+ !m toge!r4 ,9 bo? ^! me?ods1 b especially 9 ! fir/1 ! p>ts mu/ be held toge!r 9 co-aptation by "s k9d ( b&age2 ?is is g5]ally compos$ ( graft+ wax1 spread ^u clo? or pap]1 or ev51 z n[ ext5sively practic$1 ^u f9e ?read4 ,cotton y>n ,no4 #c is drawn ?r\gh melt$ graft+ wax1 & z x cools1 x is w\nd ^u a reel at ! o!r side ( ! room1 :5ce x is drawn z want$ by ! graft] or ty]4 ,ty+ or wrapp+ is always a good precaution1 & :5 ! splice or cleft graft is n v close1 x becomes necess>y2 b ?\s&s ( grafts w unite equally well :]e ! p>ts are cov]$ ) e>?1 )\t any su* appliance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,,diff]5t ,,/eps ,,9 ,,cleft ,,graft+4 ,a1 ,,scion ,,prep>$ ,,= ,,sett+4 ,b1 ,,! ,,cleft ,,op5$ ,,by ,a ,,w$ge4 ,c1 ,,! ,,scion ,,ins]t$4 ,d1 ,,section ,,( ,,/ock ,,& ,,scion ,,to ,,%[ ,,! ,,co-,,aptation ,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,two4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,,cleft ,,graft+ ,,) ,,bo? ,,scions ,,incl9$ ,,inw>d4 ,,cleft ,,graft+ is g5]ally done :5 ! /ock is l>g] ?an ! scion1 & also :]e ! op]ation is p]=m$ at a po9t above ! gr\nd4 ,! /ock is split d[nw>d1 aft] hav+ be5 cut (f at ! po9t :]e ! graft+ is to be done4 ,! knife %\ld be %>p1 & ! b>k %\ld be cut ?r\gh fir/1 to avoid its be+ torn1 & s t ! sides ( ! cleft %all be smoo?4 ,a w$ge is ins]t$ to keep ! cleft op5 = ! ins]tion ( ! scion1 :i* is cut on ea* side l a f9e w$ge2 b ! two planes n be+ p>allel1 ! b>k w be left on "o side to ! v po9t ( ! w$ge1 :ile on ! o!r x w be remov$ a "p ( ! way1 mak+ a fea!r edge1 ,a1 fig4 #i4 ,! object ( ?is is to h ! pressure ( ! cleft greate/ ^u ! out] side1 :]e ! union is to be effect$4 ,x is well to h a bud on ! /rip ( b>k left betwe5 ! two cuts us$ 9 =m+ ! graft1 ?is %\ld be ne> ! top ( ! cleft4 ,"o or two grafts may be ins]t$ into a cleft1 or m clefts may be made1 9 l>ge /ocks1 or 9 re-graft+ ! l>ge limbs ( an old tree1 b usually "o is suffici5t to leave gr[+2 & 9 ! "y tree1 only "o %\ld ev] be all[$ to rema94 ,:5 ! scion is nicely set into ! cleft1 s t ! inn] b>k ( ! /ock & graft %all co9cide1 or r cross a v little1 7see fig4 #aj17 ! w$ge1 :e!r ( h>d wood1 or ( iron1 %\ld be g5tly )drawn1 & !n ! ela/icity ( ! /ock w hold ! scion firmly to its place2 ?is pressure %\ld n be too sev]e4 ,9 ?is k9d ( graft+1 if ! pressure be suffici5tly firm1 & if ! op]ation h be5 p]=m$ bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 x may n be necess>y to make any o!r application ?an to press ! moi/ e>? ab\t ! p>ts1 & cov] all b ! top ( ! graft ) soil1 & place a /ick to indicate ! plant & protect x f injury4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! pressure ( ! cleft be n suffici5t to hold ! scion firmly1 z 9 small /ocks1 ! graft mu/ be ti$4 ,= ?is a piece ( bass matt+1 or cotton tw9e1 may be us$2 & if ! op]ation has be5 p]=m$ above gr\nd1 ! :ole mu/ be cov]$ ) graft+ wax1 appli$1 ei!r hot ) a bru%1 or cold1 aft] hav+ be5 work$ ) ! h&s1 or by wrapp+ ) /rips ( musl9 or pap] previ\sly spread ) ! wax4 ,9 old times graft+ clay 0 us$1 & appli$ ) ! h&s z a lump ar\nd ! junction2 b ?is disagreeable & clumsy appliance has giv5 way to m elegant & conv5i5t arrangem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa--,,side ,,graft+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab--,,side ,,graft+--,,! ,,/ock ,,n ,,cut ,,back4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,,two ,,=ms ,,( ,,side ,,graft+4--,a1 ,b1 ,,! ,,scion ,,& ,,/ock ,,= ,,! ,,ri*>d ,,side ,,graft4 ,c1 ,,/ock ,,= ,,! ,,gir>d9 ,,side ,,graft4 ,d1 ,,scion1 ,,& ,e1 ,,fruit ,,bud ,,= ,,! ,,same4 ,,side ,,graft+ is p]=m$ 9 two ways4 ,9 "o x is a modification ( cleft graft+ 9 :i* !re is no cleft1 b ! b>k is />t$ f ! wood1 & ! scion1 cut z %[n 9 figure #aa1 is press$ d[n betwe5 ! wood & b>k4 ,?is c only be done late 9 ! spr+1 aft] ! sap has begun to fl[ 9 ! /ock1 s t ! b>k w run2 x is inde$ m l budd+ ?an graft+4 ,! o!r modification is done )\t cutt+ (f ! /ock4 ,! knife is appli$ to ! side ( a /ock ( m$ium size1 & a cut is made d[nw>d & ext5d+ to "o-?ird ! diamet]1 fig4 #ab2 ! scion is cut z = cleft graft+1 & ins]t$ s z to h ! p>ts well co-apt$1 & !n secur$ z usual4 ,?is plan is useful :]e !re is dang] ( too free a fl[ ( sap f ! roots4 ,two o!r k9ds ( side graft are %[n 9 fig4 #ac4 ,! left-h& figures %[ ! ,ri*>d side graft1 9 :i* an ar*$ bran*1 ,a1 is us$4 ,?is is ins]t$ "u ! b>k ( ! /ock1 ,b2 above ! graft an incision is made 9 ! /ock d[n to ! wood1 to arre/ ! fl[ ( sap4 ,aft] ! ins]tion1 ! w\nd is cov]$ ) graft+ wax4 ,! ,gir>d9 side graft is illu/rat$ at ! ?ree "r-h& figures4 ,a fruit bud1 ,e1 or a graft ) a t]m9al fruit bud1 ,d1 is ins]t$ "u ! b>k ( ! /ock1 ,c1 9 ,augu/1 or :5ev] suitable buds c be obta9$ & ! b>k w run4 ,! w\nd is ti$ & cov]$ ) wax1 z be=e4 ,! object ( ?is graft+ is to secure imm$iate fruitage4 ,ano!r k9d ( side graft+ consi/s 9 plung+ a dirk-%ap$ knife directly ?r\gh ! tree1 incl9+ ! po9t d[nw>d1 into ?is op5+ ! graft is ins]t$2 ! object be+ to e/abli% a limb on a nak$ portion ( ! trunk4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,,saddle ,,graft+4 ,,saddle ,,graft+ is us$ only ) /ocks ( small size2 x is p]=m$ by mak+ a d\ble slope ^u ! /ock1 & by op5+ a correspond+ space 9 ! graft1 by cutt+ two slopes 9 ! scion1 f bel[ upw>ds1 s t !y %all meet 9 ! c5tre1 z se5 9 fig4 #ad4 ,"s m]ely split ! scion4 ,,graft+ ,,by ,,approa*1 or z x is g5]ally t]m$1 in>*+1 is (t5 practic$ :]e !re is difficulty 9 mak+ ! scion unite ) ! /ock2 x is n (t5 ne$$ 9 ! culture ( our or*>d fruits1 b may be "h describ$4 ,! /ock ^u :i* we wi% to graft ! scion1 mu/ be plant$ ne> ! v>iety or species to be increas$4 ,a small twig ( ! latt]1 :i* c be br\ght close to ! /ock1 is select$ = ! op]ation2 a slice ( b>k & wood is !n remov$ f ! twig1 & ano!r ( equal size f ! /ock1 s manag$1 t ^! cut surfaces c be br\ght toge!r & secur$ 9 t position until !y h unit$1 aft] :i* ! twig1 t has be5 us$ z a scion1 is cut f its p>5t tree1 & ! top ( ! /ock is c>efully r$uc$ until ! scion has suffici5tly develop$ itself to act z ! top ( ! +raft$ tree1 :i* may aft]w>d be transplant$ to its prop] /ation4 ,a modification ( ?is graft+ by approa*1 is1 h[ev]1 sometimes ( great s]vice1 :]e we h a valuable tree t has suff]$ f disease 9 ! roots1 or f injury to !m4 ,x consi/s 9 plant+ "s ?rifty "y /ocks1 ) good roots1 ab\t ! base ( ! tree1 aft] hav+ prep>$ ! gr\nd by ?or\gh digg+1 & by ! addition ( good soil if necess>y4 ,^! /ocks are !n ins]t$ upw>ds into ! heal?y portion ( ! trunk1 by ! process ( side graft+ rev]s$ or inv]t$1 or by ! usual me?od ( in>*+4 ,,r+ ,,graft+ ,,or ,,b>k ,,graft+ is n mu* us$1 & 9 small /ocks x is r a k9d ( budd+1 = !n a r+ ( b>k is remov$ at ! prop] season ( ye>1 g5]ally ab\t midsumm]1 & x is replac$ by a simil> r+ ( b>k f a %oot ( ! same size1 tak5 f a tree ( ! v>iety to be propagat$2 ?is r+ ( b>k mu/ be furni%$ ) a heal?y bud4 ,?is me?od has little to recomm5d x1 & c only be appli$ :5 bo? ! /ock & ! scion are 9 a gr[+ condition1 s t ! b>k w run freely2 c>e also mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid injur+ ! eye ( ! bud1 9 peel+ (f ! r+4 ,a modification ( b>k graft+ may be appli$ ) great advantage1 h[ev]1 to an old tree1 t has met ) an injury to a portion ( its b>k4 ,! injur$ "p %\ld be p>$ smoo?ly to ! s\nd b>k & wood4 ,?is may be done ) a slop+ cut1 or ! edge may be made abrupt & squ>e ) a *isel & mallet2 a piece ( fre% wood & b>k is !n to be cut f a heal?y tree & fitt$ precisely to ! fre% w\nd1 & secur$ 9 its place ) b&ages1 & graft+ clay or wax is !n appli$1 ?us mak+ :at ! surgeons w\ld call a sort ( taliacotian op]ation4 ,in/ead ( a s+le piece ( wood & b>k1 a numb] ( "y %oots may be us$ to make ! communication complete2 ^! are set close toge!r & secur$ 9 ! usual mann]2 see fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,,b>k ,,graft+1 ,,to ,,repair ,,an ,,injur$ ,,tree4 ,,re-,,graft+ ,,old ,,or*>ds4--,old or*>ds ( inf]ior fruit may be entirely re-made & re-=m$ by graft+ ! limbs ) su* v>ieties z we may desire4 ,a new life is by ?is process (t5 infus$ into ! trees1 :i* is due to ! v sev]e prun+ :i* ! trees !n receive2 !y are consequ5tly soon cov]$ ) a vigor\s gr[? ( "y heal?y wood1 :i* replaces ! decrepid & (t5 decay+ spray t accumulates 9 an old or*>d1 & ! fruit produc$ = sev]al ye>s by ! new gr[? is n only m valuable 9 k9d1 accord+ to ! judgm5t us$ 9 ! selection ( grafts1 b x is m fair1 smoo? & heal?y1 & ( bett] size ?an t :i* 0 previ\sly furni%$ by ! trees4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties are br\ght at once into be>+ :5 ?us top-graft$1 :i* w\ld h be5 long 9 develop+ _! fruitful condition if plant$ z nurs]y trees4 ,o!rs are always bett] & f9] :5 s work$1 ?an on "y trees4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ! ,nor!rn ,spy apple1 exhibit$ at ! fairs1 h be5 produc$ by grafts ins]t$ into ! t]m9al bran*es ( old be>+ trees4 ,!re is a !ory held by "s or*>di/s1 t ! fur!r ! junction ( ! graft ) ! /ock is remov$ f ! root1 ! bett] w be ! fruit4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n well support$1 & ! circum/ance1 :5 obs]v$1 is probably dep5d5t ^u o!r causes4 ,9 r5ew+ an old or*>d by graft+ its head1 x w n be a good plan to attempt ! :ole tree at once2 ! prun+ w\ld be too sev]e1 & w\ld be foll[$ by a pr(usion ( succul5t %oots break+ out f ! l>ge bran*es1 su* z are call$ wat]-spr\ts4 ,^? :o h practic$ mo/1 pref] at fir/1 to remove ab\t "o-?ird ( ! limbs = graft+1 & ^? %\ld be select$ at ! top ( ! tree4 ,! new gr[? ?us has an op5 field = its developm5t1 & ! l[] limbs w be invigorat$1 :ile !y t5d also to pres]ve ! equilibrium ( ! tree 9 a d\ble s5se1 physically & physiologically4 ,! next ye> ano!r ?ird ( ! limbs may be graft$1 & ! rema9d] ! ye> foll[+1 z practic$ by ,mr4 ,geo4 ,olm/ead1 ( ,connecticut1 :o1 on ! six? ye> f ! fir/ graft+1 h>ve/$ #bh- bu%els ( *oice apples f a s+le tree t 0 #ge ye>s old1 & :i* be=e only produc$ inf]ior fruit4 ,j4,j4 ,?omas recomm5ds1 to give a well-%ap$ head to su* newly =m$ trees1 & to prev5t ! bran*es f %oot+ upw>d 9 a close body ne> ! c5tre ( ! tree2 t ! old horizontal b\ghs %\ld be all[$ to ext5d to a di/ance 9 ea* direction1 :ile ! upright ones %\ld be lopp$2 see fig4 #af4 ,! same writ] also advises1 in/ead ( cutt+ (f l>ge bran*es & graft+ !m at once1 x is bett] to prune ! top 9 "p1 :i* w cause an emission ( vigor\s %oots4 ,^! are !n budd$1 or graft$4 99 99 99 ,& z ! grafts gradually ext5d by gr[?1 ! rema9d] ( ! top may1 by successive excisions1 be entirely remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--,,r5ewal ,,( ,,! ,,top ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,tree4 ,,graft+ ,,9 ,,! ,,nurs]y is ei!r done at or ne> ! coll> ( ! /ock1 or x is p]=m$ 9-doors ^u ! roots or sections ( roots ( "y /ocks4 ,! latt] may be fir/ describ$1 z x con/itutes ! mo/ ext5sive means ( multiply+ fruit trees4 ,x is a sort ( ma*9]y1 ) division ( labor1 & appliances1 t enable ! op]ators to turn out imm5se numb]s4 ,ma*9]y has inde$ be5 appli$ to ! bus9ess2 we h graft+ app>atus to facilitate ! "w4 ,! ,m9kl] ma*9e consi/s ( a frame or gauge :i* regulates ! angle ( ! slope1 :i* is cut ) a broad *isel t r$uces ! roots & scions to a condition = putt+ !m toge!r2 by its use an imm5se numb] ( grafts c be cut1 & ano!r h& b9ds !m toge!r ) ! wax$ ?read1 )\t any tie4 ,mr4 ,robey's ma*9e consi/s ( a complicat$ %e>s to cut ! slope & tongue at "o op]ation1 prep>+ ! pieces = :ip graft+4 ,mr4 ,s4,s4 ,jackson1 ( ,c9c9nati1 has also inv5t$ an app>atus = ?is purpose1 :i* proves to be v useful4 ,,root ,,graft+4--,! me?ods ( p]=m+ ! op]ation v>y some:at1 b all agree 9 ! object to be atta9$3 ! co-aptation ( ! scion ) a piece ( root4 ,"s graft]s use only ! upp] portion ( ! root1 ?9k+ ! orig9al coll> ( ! se$l+ /ock ! only po9t at :i* ! mo/ p]fect & successful union betwe5 ! arial & t]re/rial portions ( trees %\ld or c be effect$--!oretically ?is may be v well1 b ! practice con/antly pursu$1 9 myriads ( cases1 abundantly proves t ! graft+ ne$ n be re/rict$ to ?is "p1 & t a p]fect union may be effect$ at any po9t ( ! root1 & t ?is may ev5 be inv]t$4 ,! v common practice has be5 to take two or m cuts f ! root1 :5 x is ( suffici5t size & l5g?2 & ?\gh "s ( our be/ propagators re/rict !mselves to two cuts f ea*1 o!rs1 :o h exp]im5t$ c>efully1 insi/ t ! ?ird section w av]age z well z ! o!rs4 ,a lot ( trees1 work$ especially = a te/ 9 ?is matt]1 gave ! foll[+ results4 ,9 #ahei an av]age lot ( roots & scions1 ab\t fifty 9 ea* lot1 7 treat$ z foll[s1 ,:ite ,pipp9 & ,will[-leaf be+ us$ z scions3-- ,:ite ,pipp9--,no4 #a1 be+ on ! fir/ cut ( ! root1 _h made a fair gr[?4 ,no4 #b1 be+ on ! second cut1 7 q z good or bett]4 ,no4 #c1 be+ on ! ?ird cut1 7 n q s good z ! o!rs1 ! gr\nd be+ p>tially %ad$ by a l>ge tree4 ,ano!r1 ( ,will[-leaf--,no4 #a1 on ! #c;d cut ( root1 v good gr[?4 ,no4 #b1 on v sl5d] roots1 ne>ly z good4 ,no4 #c1 only #a in* ( root to #a in* ( scion2 n s good gr[? nor s good a /rike1 b %ad$ by a tree4 ,no4 #d1 on #b;d cut ( root1 n s good z ! ?ird4 ,no4 #e1 on av]age lot1 n wax$1 z good z any4 ,no4 #f1 roots work$ upside-d[n1 mo/ly fail$4 ,d4,o4 ,re$] exhibit$ "s #b-ye> old apple trees1 work$ on ! root inv]t$1 !y 7 ( v good gr[?4 ,= root graft+1 ?rifty /ocks are want$ ( "o or two ye>s' gr[?1 ! smoo!r & /raight] ! roots1 ! bett]4 ,^! %\ld be tak5 up f ! se$-b$ 9 ! fall1 select$1 ti$ 9 bundles1 & /or$ 9 ! cell> or cave1 or buri$ 9 ! soil :]e !y %all be accessible at any "t1 & :]e !y w be kept fre% & plump4 ,! roots & scions hav+ be5 prep>$ & "u %elt]1 ! "w ( graft+ may proce$ at any "t dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! /ocks1 if n clean1 %\ld be wa%$1 & "o h& trims (f ! side rootlets4 ,! graft] cuts a hundr$ scions ( ! appropriate l5g?1 :i* he puts into a %all[ box on ! table2 he takes up a /ock1 cuts ! slope ne> ! coll>1 & a dextr\s h& w at ! same "t make ! slop+ cut to receive ! fir/ graft & also ! tongue1 if t /yle ( graft+ is to be done1 z is usually practis$4 ,he !n picks up a scion1 f a lot :i* himself or ano!r h& has already prep>$ ) a slope & tongue1 & adapts x to ! root1 ! tongue keep+ ! two toge!r2 a portion ( ! root is !n cut (f ) ! graft1 & ! process is repeat$ ^u ! next section4 ,two or ?ree or m grafts1 are ?us made f "o se$l+ root2 ! l5g? ( ! sections v>y f two to f\r in*es1 accord+ to ! fancy ( ! op]ator1 or ( 8 employ]4 ,"s p]sons recomm5d a long scion ) a %ort root1 & o!rs pref] to rev]se ^? t]ms4 ,! :ole root graft %\ld n be m ?an six or sev5 in*es long4 ,:5 any giv5 numb] ( scions are fitt$ to ! roots1 a boy completes ! process ( graft+1 by apply+ melt$ wax ) a bru%1 9 :i* case !y are dropp$ into wat] to h>d5 ! wax1 or !y are wrapp$ ) wax$ /rips ( musl9 or pap]1 or1 bett] /ill1 !y are ti$ ) wax$ ?read4 ,no4 #c cotton y>n is drawn ?r\gh a pan ( melt$ wax1 & w\nd ^u a reel plac$ at ! o!r side ( ! room1 s t ! wax may h>d54 ,?is wax$ ?read is a v conv5i5t tie2 ! graft be+ held 9 ! left h&1 ! ?read is w\nd ab\t x two or ?ree turns2 z ! wax causes ! b&age to adh]e to itself :]e x crosses1 no knot is ne$$1 & ! ?read is brok5 (f ) a quick j]k4 ,9 splice graft+1 :e!r p]=m$ ) any ( ! ma*9es1 or if ! slopes ( root & scion be cut ) ! ?9 graft+ knife1 ! ty+ mu/ be done by ! same h& t selects & places ! scion ^u ! root4 ,?is does n admit ( ! same division ( labor1 & ! f+]s1 becom+ /icky f ! wax1 _c be s nimble1 & are unfit = cutt+4 ,:5 ! lot is ti$1 !y are set into ! box1 :i* %\ld be incl9$ at an angle1 & int]sp]s$ ) e>? or saw-du/2 = transportation4 ,saw-du/1 j z x comes f ! mill1 nei!r wet nor dry1 is pref]r$ by "s z a pack+ mat]ial1 & x has be5 f\nd v efficaci\s1 exclud+ & admitt+ ! air j 9 ! "r proportions to prev5t desiccation1 & to promote ! union1 :i* v soon takes place betwe5 ! graft & ! root1 if ! boxes be /or$ 9 ! cell>4 ,9 an ice-h\se root grafts h be5 kept 9 saw-du/ m ?an a ye>1 & !n plant$ & gr[n successfully4 ,! boxes %\ld be deep en\gh to receive ! :ole graft--say f #aj to #ab in*es--& !n !y c be pack$ ^u "o ano!r )\t injur+ ! scions2 ^! %\ld be di/9ctly m>k$ ) ! "n & numb]1 s z to be ready = plant+ out 9 ! spr+4 ,mu* discussion has be5 _h ^u ! m]its & dem]its1 or disadvantages ( root graft+1 & mu* !oretical argum5t has be5 br\ght aga9/ ! practice2 b beautiful trees are ?us made 9 imm5se numb]s 9 ! ext5sive nurs]ies ( our c\ntry1 & until bett] argum5ts c be produc$ aga9/ ! practice1 nurs]ym5 w cont9ue to graft on sections ( root1 su* v>ieties1 z are suitable = ?is proc$ure--especially apples1 9 a l>ge proportion ( ! v>ieties cultivat$1 "s pe>s1 "s pea*es1 grapes1 & o!r fruits4 ,root graft+ is n[ ( almo/ univ]sal application ) ! apple4 ,x has _m advantages1 :i* may be summ$ up z foll[s3 ,two or m plants may be produc$ f ! root ( "o /ock2 ^! may be made ) great rapidity2 ! "w may all be p]=m$ 9-doors & dur+ ! :ole w9t] season1 :5 no?+ c be done outside2 !y are ( small bulk1 & great numb]s may be /[$ away 9 little space1 !y may be transport$ to any di/ance 9 ?is condition1 & are ready = plant+ ) ! op5+ ( spr+1 :5 !y may be set 9 ! nurs]y r[s at once2 or1 !y may be b$d$ out 9 a small space & mul*$1 to protect !m f dr\?1 & ! we$s c easily be kept "u4 ,ano!r advantage ( b$d+ out ! root-grafts is1 t !y may be assort$ accord+ to _! size ! next season1 :5 transplant$ into ! nurs]y r[s4 ,?is v transplant+ too is a great advantage1 = ! roots w be mu* improv$ by ! process4 ,! !oretical objections to root grafts h yield$ to s\nd philosophy1 bas$ on & support$ by practical obs]vation4 ,! v _m advantages ( ?is m economical & conv5i5t & agreeable process1 w necess>ily su/a9 root-graft+ 9 ?is fa/ age1 :5 s _m millions ( trees are ne$$ = ! rapidly ext5d+ wants ( ?is nation ( tree plant]s4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 consid] "s ( ! practical objections :i* h be5 br\ght =w>d aga9/ ?is plan ( multiply+ ! apple4 ,9 our v *angeable climate1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,nor?-we/1 ^u ! prairies1 ! cold ( w9t] (t5 sup]v5es ) great sudd5ness1 aft] ! "y trees h made a prolong$ & vigor\s gr[? 9 ! f]tile soil1 & produces t]rible deva/ation among ^? t are !re expos$1 )\t protection ( any k9d1 to ! rude bla/s ( ! /orm-k+3 9 a less degree1 injury is v frequ5t ) _m su* late-gr[+ k9ds1 at ! fir/ access ( a sev]e fro/2 ?is is manife/$ 9 ! bur/+ ( ! b>k ne> ! base ( ! /em4 ,! same ?+ is n s (t5 se5 9 ! same v>ieties1 :5 !y h be5 budd$ or /ock graft$ a foot or m f ! gr\nd ^u h>dy se$l+ /ocks1 h5ce judici\s propagators h select$ ! t5d] v>ieties = ?is k9d ( work+1 & conf9e _! root-graft+ to ^? less liable to ! injury4 ,!re are o!r v>ieties :i* d n readily & promptly =m a /rong upright gr[?1 s z to be pr(itable trees to ! nurs]yman if root graft$2 ^! are select$ = /ock work+1 ei!r on /rong se$l+s1 or ^u h>dy upright sorts t h be5 root graft$ = ! purpose ( be+ ?us d\ble-work$4 ,?is plan has be5 pursu$ to a limit$ ext5t only1 b its advantages 9 ! production ( good trees ( ! sl5d] gr[+ v>ieties1 beg9 to be appreciat$1 & z ! dem& increases1 our intellig5t nurs]ym5 w v soon furni% ! requisite supply4 ,plant+4--,:5 ! wea!r is f9e1 & ! soil 9 good condition1 ! root-grafts are to be set out ) a dibble1 by ! l9e2 !y %\ld be plant$ r deeply1 "o bud project+ above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,! culture mu/ be ?or\gh1 ! plants %\ld be kept p]fectly clean1 b x is que/ionable :e!r ! gr[? %\ld be pu%$1 late 9 ! season2 inde$1 x is pref]able to *eck ! vegetation at mid-summ]4 ,= ?is purpose x has be5 recomm5d$ to cease cultivat+ ! soil1 or ev5 to s[ ! gr\nd ) a heavy se$+ ( oats1 s z to *eck ! gr[? be=e w9t]4 ,9 good soils1 ) good culture1 ! av]age hight 9 ! r[s w be two feet1 b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! k9ds2 "s w consid]ably exce$ ?is hight4 ,intellig5t nurs]ym5 no long] endeavor to h an excessive gr[? 9 ! fir/ ye>1 & _m pref] ! b$d+ plan above allud$ to4 ,trimm+1 ,p9*+1 or ,head+4--,! gr[? dur+ ! fir/ ye> is g5]ally a s+le %oot1 sometimes two4 ,if !re be a second1 x %\ld be subord9at$ by p9*+ (f its extremity1 nev] by trimm+ x (f2 inde$1 lat]als %\ld always be enc\rag$1 & ?is w be m & m ! case1 s9ce ! dem& = l[-head$ trees is increas+1 z ! laws ( physiology are bett] und]/ood4 ,a "y tree1 well furni%$ ) lat]als1 is always m /ocky1 & e way bett]1 ?\gh n s tall z t :i* has be5 drawn up to a s+le /em4 ,to enc\rage ?is condition1 "s advise ! p9*+ out ! t]m9al bud 9 ! mid/ ( ! gr[+ season1 :i* w cause ! swell+ & subsequ5t break+ ( ! l[] buds1 s z to furni% pl5ty ( lat]als4 ,if done lat] 9 ! season1 especially ) /rong-gr[+ v>ieties1 a bran*+ head may be =m$ high] up1 dur+ ! fir/ season1 mak+ v pretty trees4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 seldom attempt$ ) root-grafts ! fir/ season1 ?\gh x is v common = coll>-graft$ trees1 & = buds on /rong /ocks to make a f9e bran*+ gr[? ! fir/ ye>4 ,! second season ! trees %\ld all be head$-91 & ! lat]als spurr$-9 e>ly 9 ! spr+1 or 9 mild wea!r dur+ ! w9t]1 if ! scions are want$4 ,?is me?od ( mak+ /ocky plants _c be too highly comm5d$1 nor c ! opposite plan1 ( trimm+ (f all ! side bran*es1 & ev5 ( /ripp+ ! leaves f ! l[] "p ( ! %oots1 dur+ ! fir/ summ]1 be too sev]ely condemn$4 ,,/ock ,,graft+ has _m advocates1 & = "s v>ieties ?is plan is pref]able4 ,! union may be effect$ at any po9t f ! coll> upw>d4 ,=m]ly1 ! place 0 select$ to suit ! conv5i5ce ( ! graft]1 & _m old or*>ds %[ v pla9ly :]e !y 7 work$1 ! /ock or ! scion hav+ ov]gr[n1 & x is v curi\s t "s v>ieties may be indicat$ z good fe$]s ( ! /ock bel[ !m1 & ! contr>y4 ,at pres5t1 tree plant]s are m fa/idi\s1 & object to ^! irregul>ities 9 ! /ems ( _! trees4 ,!y w pur*ase no?+ t %[s ! po9t ( union above gr\nd1 h5ce ! m common use ( coll> graft+1 z x has be5 call$1 or ! ins]tion ( ! scion at or ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,/ocks t h be5 cultivat$ "o or two ye>s 9 ! nurs]y r[1 are select$ = ?is purpose2 ! e>? is remov$ f !m1 !y are cut (f & graft$ z !y /&1 & ) _! f9e /rong roots undi/urb$1 ! result ( "o summ]'s gr[? is v satisfactory1 mak+ beautiful trees fit = ! or*>d4 ,old] trees1 especially ^? ) /raight clean /ems1 are (t5 graft$ /&>d high1 s z to produce a f9e salable tree at once1 or 9 "o season4 ,?is is a v good plan ) "s ( ! sl5d] & /raggl+ v>ieties1 su* z are call$ poor gr[]s1 & :i* are unpr(itable to ! nurs]yman :5 propagat$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,graft+ or budd+ ^u su* /ocks is also resort$ to v (t51 :5 x is desirable at once to furni% l>ge1 or salable trees ( new v>ieties4 ,9 graft+ ^u a l>ge /ock1 or ^u ! tops ( an old tree1 ! process call$ cleft graft+ is g5]ally us$4 ,"h1 z 9 all =ms ( ?is process1 ! object to be atta9$1 is ! co-aptation ( ! inn] b>k ( bo? /ock & scion4 ,! latt] is held 9 its place by ! clasp+ ( ! =m]1 & is also cov]$ by "s mat]ial t is pliant1 & :i* w exclude ! air & moi/ure4 ,! advantages ( /ock-graft+ are ! *ang+ ( an old tree f bad to good fruit1 :i* is produc$ 9 a few ye>s2 x is also applicable to l>ge /ocks1 & produces an imm$iate result1 mak+ salable trees 9 "o ye>4 ,x is also desirable = "s poor-gr[+ v>ieties1 :i* are sl[ 9 mak+ a tree f ! gr\nd2 b x has its disadvantages also4 ,! nurs]yman mu/ wait until 8 /ocks h be5 gr[n "o or m ye>s 9 ! nurs]y1 8 trees w sometimes be l>g] ?an he desires1 !y w be apt to h ! m>k ( ! graft+ z a blemi% ^u ! /alk sometimes dur+ ! life ( ! tree2 & worse ?an all1 he is re/rict$ to a brief p]iod 9 ! spr+1 :5 he is oblig$ to p]=m ! op]ation out ( doors1 & (t5 9 v unpleasant wea!r4 ,z a result ( all ! discussions ^u ?is subject1 x is f\nd t /ock-graft+1 :e!r at ! coll> or at "s di/ance above ! gr\nd1 is /ill practic$1 & has _m w>m advocates1 z a bett] means ( mak+ ! be/ trees4 ,! only objections are ! great] exp5se ( culture ( ! /ocks1 & great] labor 9 graft+2 ! limit$ p]iod at :i* ! "w c be p]=m$1 & ! exposure ( ! workman dur+ its p]=mance1 :i* is (t5 at a /ormy season1 & always dur+ a busy portion ( ! ye>4 ,! trees too1 9 ! or*>d1 are (t5 some:at de=m$ by an irregul>ity ( gr[?1 & h an enl>gem5t ei!r above or bel[ ! union1 :i* is unsightly4 ,! k9d ( graft+ w dep5d ^u ! size ( ! /ocks2 splice & :ip-graft+ on ! small]1 & cleft-graft+ on ! l>g] ones1 mu/ be practic$4 ,! wax+ may be done by any ( ! me?ods indicat$1 accord+ to ! fancy2 b x mu/ always be m ?or\ghly done 9 a]ial1 ?an 9 und]gr\nd graft+1 :e!r ?is be 9 ! coll> or ^u sections ( ! root2 9 ! =m] ! :ole ( ! cut surfaces mu/ be cov]$1 to prev5t desiccation by ! w9ds1 or ! inroads ( insects1 or ( wet f ra9s4 ,,wax4--,v>i\s comb9ations ( ! mat]ials us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( graft+-wax1 h be5 recomm5d$ by diff]5t op]ators4 ,! desid]atum be+ to h a mat]ial t %all be suffici5tly pliant1 & at ! same "t firm en\gh to )/& ! elevat$ temp]atures to :i* x may be expos$4 ,a mean is pref]r$1 nei!r too h>d nor too s(t1 & ! proportions ( ! +r$i5ts are v>i$ accord+ z x is propos$ to use x out ( doors1 or 9 ! h\se1 9 cold wea!r or w>m4 ,a favorite recipe1 ) a practical nurs]yman ( great exp]i5ce1 is3 ,ros91 six p>ts1 ,bees-wax1 "o "p1 melt$ toge!r4 ,tall[1 "o "p1 ,?is is to be us$ w>m1 :5 graft+ 9 ! h\se4 ,= out-door "w he us$ ! foll[+3 ,ros91 f\r or five p>ts4 ,bees-wax1 "o & "o-half to two p>ts4 ,l9se$ oil1 "o to "o & "o-half4 ,?is is made into a mass to be appli$ by h&4 ,a v pleasant & neat mode ( us+ ! wax is to p\r x :5 melt$1 ^u ?9 musl9 or /rong pap]1 & spread x ?9 ) a spatula4 ,! tissue is !n cut into /rips ( conv5i5t size4 ,! application to cotton y>n = root-graft+1 has already be5 m5tion$4 ,! ,fr5* use ! prep>ation giv5 bel[1 suffici5tly w>m to be liquid1 b n s hot z to injure ! tissues ( ! tree1 & apply x ) a bru%3 ,black pit* #bh p>ts4 ,burgundy pit* #bh p>ts4 ,bees-wax #af p>ts4 ,grease #ad p>ts4 ,yell[ o*re #ad p>ts4 ------------ ,mak+ #ajj p>ts4#ad ,mr4 ,du ,breuil also ref]s to ,leport's liquid ma/ic 9 t]ms ( comm5dation1 b speaks ( x z a secret composition4 ,d[n+ recomm5ds melt+ toge!r3 ,bees-wax #c p>ts4 ,ros9 #c p>ts4 ,tall[ #b p>ts4 ,he says1 ! common wax ( ! ,fr5* is ,pit* "o-half p\nd4 ,bees-wax "o-half p\nd4 ,c[-dung "o p\nd4 ,to be boil$ toge!r1 & laid on ) a bru%1 & = us+ cold or on /rips ( musl91 equal p>ts ( tall[1 bees-wax1 & ros91 "s pref]r+ a little m tall[4 ,j4,j4 ,?omas1 ^: practical k is prov]bial1 recomm5ds = its *eapness ,l9se$ oil "o p9t4 ,ros9 six p\nds4 ,bees-wax "o p\nd4 ,melt$ toge!r1 to be appli$ w>m ) a bru%1 or to be put on pap] or musl91 or work$ ) wet h&s into a mass & drawn out into ribbons4 ,! season = graft+ is q a prolong$ "o1 if we include ! p]iod dur+ :i* x may be done 9 ! h\se1 & ! ability we h ( ret>d+ ! scions by cold1 us+ ice4 ,x %\ld be done :ile ! grafts are dormant1 :i* is at any "t f ! fall ( ! leaf until ! swell+ ( ! buds4 ,z ! grafts w\ld be likely to suff] f prolong$ exposure1 out-door graft+ is done j be=e vegetation comm5ces 9 ! spr+1 b may be prolong$ until ! /ocks are 9 full leaf1 by keep+ back ! scions1 9 :i* case1 h[ev]1 !re is m dang] to ! /ock unless a portion ( its foliage is all[$ to rema9 to keep up ! circulation2 "u ^! circum/ances1 too1 side-graft+ is sometimes us$ ) ! same view4 ,! /one fruits are work$ fir/2 *]ries1 plums1 & pea*es1 !n pe>s & apples4 ,) reg>d to graft+ grapes1 !re is a div]sity ( op9ion4 ,"s op]ators pref] v e>ly 9 ! season1 z 9 ,febru>y1 & o!rs wait until ! leaves h appe>$ ^u ! v9e to be graft$4 ,,scions ,,or ,,grafts are to be select$ f heal?y plants ( ! v>iety we wi% to propagate4 ,!y %\ld be ! gr[? ( ! previ\s ye>1 ( av]age size1 well develop$1 & ) good buds1 ^? hav+ fl[] buds are reject$4 ,if ! %oots be too /rong1 !y are (t5 furni%$ ) poor buds1 & are m pi?y1 & !re=e !y are m difficult to "w & are less likely to gr[4 ,grafts1 cut f "y be>+ or*>ds1 are ! be/1 & be+ cut f fruit+ trees1 ?is enables u to be c]ta9 z to correctness ( ! v>ieties to be propagat$2 b !y are g5]ally & mo/ rapidly collect$ f "y nurs]y trees1 & z an or*>di/ or nurs]yman %\ld be able to judge ( all ! v>ieties he cultivates by ! appe>ance ( _! gr[?1 foliage1 b>k1 dots1 etc41 !re is little dang] 9 tak+ ! scions f su* unte/$ trees4 ,"t = cutt+ ,scions4--,! scions may be cut at any "t aft] ! cessation ( gr[? 9 ! autumn1 ev5 be=e ! leaves h fall51 until ! buds bur/ 9 ! spr+1 always avoid+ sev]ely cold or fro/y wea!r1 because ( ! injury to ! tree t results f cutt+ at su* a "t1 ?\gh ! fro/ may n h injur$ ! scion4 ,! be/ nurs]ym5 pref] to cut !m 9 ! autumn1 be=e !y c h be5 injur$ by cold4 ,!y %\ld be c>efully pack$ 9 f9e e>?1 s&1 or sawdu/1 & plac$ 9 ! cell> or cave4 ,! leaves /ripp$ f !m1 make a v good pack+ mat]ial2 moss is (t5 us$1 :]e x c be obta9$1 b ! be/ mat]ial is saw-du/4 ,?is latt] is clean1 :]eas ! s& & soil w dull ! knife4 ,if ! scions %\ld h become dry & %rivel$1 !y may /ill be reviv$ by plac+ !m 9 soil t is mod]ately moi/1 n wet--!y %\ld n1 by any means1 be plac$ 9 wat]1 b %\ld be s situat$ t !y may sl[ly imbibe moi/ure4 ,:5 !y h be5 plump$1 !y %\ld be exam9$ by cutt+ into _! tissues2 if ^! be br[n1 !y are useless1 b if alive1 ! fre% cut w look cle> & :ite1 & ! knife w pass z freely ?r\gh !m z :5 cutt+ a fre% twig4 ,! aft]-treatm5t ( ! grafts consi/s 9 remov+ ! spr\ts t appe> ^u ! /ock bel[ ! scion1 (t5 9 great numb]s4 ,^! are call$ robb]s1 z !y take ! sap :i* %\ld g into ! scion4 ,x is sometimes well to leave a portion ( ^! z an outlet = excess4 ,:5 ! graft is t>dy 9 its vegetation1 & 9 late graft+1 x is always safe/ to leave "s ( ^! %oots to direct ! circulation to ! "p1 & ?us insure a supply to ! newly introduc$ scion2 all %\ld ev5tually be remov$1 s z to leave ! graft supreme4 ,x may sometimes be necess>y to tie up ! "y %oot :i* pu%es ) vigor1 & may fall & break ) its own weight be=e ! support+ woody fibre has be5 deposit$2 b a mu* bett] policy is to p9* 9 ! tip :5 b a few in*es long1 & ?us enc\rage ! swell+ & break+ ( ! lat]al buds1 & produce a m /urdy result4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case 9 /ock-grafts & 9 r5ew+ an or*>d by top-graft+4 ,,propagation4--,,section ,,iii4--,,budd+4 ,,advantages ,,(4 ,,long ,,p]iod ,,=4 ,,claims ,,( ,,great] ,,h>d9ess ,,exam9$4 ,,late ,,gr[]s ,,apt ,,to ,,bur/ ,,! ,,b>k4 ,,bud ,,t5d] ,,sorts4 ,,/ocks ,,n ,,always ,,h>dy4 ,,philosophy ,,( ,,budd+1 ,,l ,,graft+1 ,,dep5ds ,,^u ,,cell-,,gr[?4 ,,! ,,cambium1 ,,or ,,pulp4 ,,! ,,bud1 ,,its ,,individuality4 ,,?omson ,,quot$4 ,,union ,,dep5ds ,,^u ,,! ,,bud4 ,,season ,,= ,,budd+4 ,,conditions ,,requisite4 ,,spr+ ,,budd+4 ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,buds4 ,,bud ,,/icks4 ,,selection ,,(4 ,,_! ,,treatm5t4 ,,re/oration ,,:5 ,,dry4 ,,! ,,wea!r4 ,,ra9s ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$4 ,,usual ,,p]iod ,,( ,,gr[? ,,by ,,ext5sion4 ,,succession ,,( ,,v>ieties4 ,,*]ry1 ,,plum1 ,,pe>1 ,,apple1 ,,qu9ce1 ,,pea*4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,x4 ,,diff]5t ,,me?ods4 ,,age ,,( ,,/ocks4 ,,prep>ation ,,(4 ,,! ,,knife4 ,,cutt+ ,,! ,,buds4 ,,removal ,,( ,,! ,,wood4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,me?od4 ,,division ,,( ,,labor ,,ty+4 ,,r+ ,,budd+4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,scions ,,= ,,e>ly ,,budd+4 ,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,ty+4 ,,ba/1 ,,prep>ation ,,(4 ,,sub/itutes4 ,,novel ,,tie4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,loos5 ,,! ,,b&age4 ,,h[ ,,done4 ,,inspection ,,( ,,buds4 ,,sign ,,( ,,_! ,,hav+ ,,unit$4 ,,knight',s ,,two ,,b&ages4 ,,:y ,,leave ,,! ,,upp] ,,"o ,,long]4 ,,head+ ,,back ,,! ,,/ocks4 ,,resume4 ,,budd+1 or inoculat+1 is ! ins]tion ( eyes or buds4 ,?is is a favorite me?od ( propagation1 :i* is practic$ 9 ! multiplication ( a great v>iety ( fruits4 ,! advantages ( budd+ consi/ 9 ! rapidity & facility ) :i* x is p]=m$1 & ! c]ta9ty ( success :i* att5ds x4 ,budd+ may be done dur+ a long p]iod ( ! gr[+ season1 ^u ! diff]5t k9ds ( trees we h to propagate4 ,us+ b a s+le eye1 x is also economical ( ! scions1 :i* is a matt] ( "s importance1 :5 we desire to multiply a new & sc>ce v>iety4 ,x has be5 claim$ on behalf ( ! process ( budd+1 t trees1 :i* h be5 work$ 9 ?is me?od1 are m h>dy & bett] able to resi/ ! sev]ity ( w9t] ?an o!rs ( ! same v>ieties1 :i* h be5 graft$ 9 ! root or coll>1 & also t budd$ trees come soon] into be>+4 ,_! g5]al h>d9ess w probably n be at all affect$ by _! mann] ( propagation2 except p]haps1 :]e !re may happ5 to be a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! habit ( ! /ock1 su* = in/ance z maturity e>ly 9 ! season1 :i* w\ld h a t5d5cy to *eck ! late gr[? ( ! scion plac$ ^u x--! supplies ( sap be+ dim9i%$1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to fl[ into ! graft1 z x w\ld d f ! roots ( ! cutt+ or root-graft ( a v>iety :i* 0 incl9$ to make a late autumnal gr[?4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 ?is does n h mu* weight1 nor c we "k1 9 a lot ( se$l+ /ocks1 :i* w be ! late fe$]s1 & :i* w g into an e>ly summ] re/4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties ( our cultivat$ fruits are f\nd to h a rem>kable t5d5cy to make an ext5d$ & v ?rifty gr[?1 :i*1 cont9u+ late into ! autumn1 w\ld appe> to expose ! "y trees to a v sev]e trial ^u ! access ( ! fir/ cold wea!r1 & we (t5 f9d !m v s]i\sly injur$ "u su* circum/ances2 ! b>k is frequ5tly split & ruptur$ = sev]al in*es ne> ! gr\nd4 ,! twigs1 /ill cov]$ ) abundant foliage1 are s affect$ by ! fro/1 t _! :ole out] surface is %rivel$1 & ! inn] b>k & wood are br[n$2 ! latt] (t5 becomes p]man5tly black5$1 & rema9s z dead matt] 9 ! c5tre ( ! tree1 = dea? does n necess>ily ensue4 ,n[ intellig5t nurs]ym5 h endeavor$ to avoid losses f ^! causes1 by budd+ su* v>ieties ^u /rong well-e/abli%$ /ocks1 ?\gh !y are aw>e t ^! are n m h>dy ?an "s ( ! cultivat$ v>ieties3 a giv5 numb] ( se$l+ /ocks has be5 f\nd to suff] z mu* f ! sev]ity ( w9t]1 z d a simil> am\nt ( ! graft$ v>ieties tak5 at r&om4#ae ,t ! s]i\s difficulty ( b>k-bur/+ occurs ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 does seem to be an argum5t ( "s weight 9 favor ( budd+ or /ock-graft+ at a high] po9t4 ,! e>li] fruit+ ( budd$ trees ?an ^? :i* h be5 root-graft$1 does n appe> to be a well e/abli%$ fact1 & !re=e ne$ n deta9 u2 except to obs]ve t ! /ocks1 ^u :i* ! buds 7 ins]t$1 might h be5 old] by "s ye>s ?an ! slip ( root ^u :i* ! graft 0 set1 s t ! fruit+ ( ! =m] tree %\ld c\nt two or ?ree or m ye>s fur!r back ?an f ! p]iod ( ! budd+4 ,!re are s _m causes :i* might h contribut$ t[>d ?is result ( e>li] be>+1 t we %\ld n be too ha/y 9 draw+ conclusions 9 ?is matt]4 ,! philosophy ( budd+ is v simil> to t ( graft+4 ,! latt] process is p]=m$ :5 ! plant-life is almo/ dormant1 & ! co-apt$ p>ts are ready to take ! initiative /eps ( vegetation1 & to effect _! union by means ( new adv5titi\s cells1 be=e ! free fl[ ( sap 9 ! gr[+ season4 ,budd+1 on ! contr>y1 is done 9 ! hight ( t season & t[>d its close1 :5 ! plants are full ( well matur$ & highly organiz$ sap1 :5 ! cell circulation is mo/ active1 & ! union betwe5 ! p>ts is mu* m imm$iate ?an 9 ! graft2 7 x n s1 inde$1 ! little %ield1 ) its actively evaporat+ surface ( "y b>k1 mu/ c]ta9ly p]i% f exposure to a hot dry atmosph]e4 ,! cambium1 or gelat9\s matt]1 :i* is discov]$ betwe5 ! b>k & ! wood :5 !y are sep>at$1 is a mass ( organizable cells4 ,mr4 ,paxton1 us+ ! g>d5]'s expression1 calls x ! pulp4 ,budd+ is mo/ successfully p]=m$ :5 ?is matt] is abundant1 = !n ! vitality ( ! tree is 9 greate/ degree ( exaltation4 ,! individuality ( ! bud 0 suffici5tly argu$ 9 ! fir/ section ( ?is *apt]1 x ne$ n n[ be aga9 introduc$1 except z appropriately to rem9d u ( ! fact :]e ! propagation dep5ds ^u ?is circum/ance--! future tree mu/ spr+ f ! s+le bud :i* is ins]t$4 ,mr4 ,a4,t4 ,?omson1 9 8 ,lectures on ! ,elem5ts ( ,botany1 page #cif1 says3--,! individuality ( buds mu/ h be5 suspect$ z e>ly z ! discov]y ( ! art ( budd+1 & x is fully prov$ by ! dissection ( plants4 99 99 ,budd+ is f\nd$ on ! fact1 t ! bud1 :i* is a bran* 9 embryo1 is a di/9ct individual4 ,x is ess5tial t bo? ! bud & ! tree into :i* x is ins]t$ %\ld n only be analog\s 9 _! "*1 z 9 graft+ ) ! scion1 b bo? mu/ be 9 a /ate ( gr[? at ! "t ! op]ation is p]=m$4 ,! union1 h[ev]1 dep5ds mu* m ^u ! bud ?an ^u ! /ock--! bud may be consid]$ a c5tre ( vitality--vegetative action comm5ces 9 ! bud1 & ext5ds to ! /ock1 connect+ !m toge!r4--,! vital en]gy1 h[ev]1 :i* comm5ces ! process ( organization 9 ! bud1 is n necess>ily conf9$ to ! g]m1 nor di/9ct f t :i* ma9ta9s ! gr[? ( ! entire plant2 b x is s connect$ ) organization1 t :5 ?is has proce$$ a c]ta9 l5g?1 ! bud may be remov$ f ! p>5t & atta*$ to ano!r1 :]e x w become a bran* ! same z if x _h n be5 remov$4 ,! season = budd+ has already be5 indicat$ 9 g5]al t]ms1 x is usually done 9 mid-summ] & ! e>ly "p ( autumn1 ref]5ce be+ _h to ! condition ( ! plants to be work$2 ^! %\ld be 9 a ?rifty gr[+ /ate1 ! woody fibre %\ld be pretty well advanc$1 b gr[? by ext5sion mu/ /ill be active1 or ! ne$ful conditions w n be f\nd4 ,! pulp mu/ be pres5t betwe5 ! b>k & ! wood ( ! /ock1 s t ! =m] c be easily sep>at$ f ! latt]2 9 ! language ( ! art1 ! b>k mu/ run2 ?is /ate ( ?+s w soon cease 9 mo/ /ocks1 aft] ! =mation ( t]m9al buds on ! %oots4 ,! success ( spr+ budd+1 h[ev]1 w\ld appe> to indicate t ! cambium lay] is =m$ e>li] 9 ! season ?an is usually suppos$2 = :5ev] ! "y leaves beg9 to be develop$ on ! /ock1 ! b>k w run1 & ! buds may be ins]t$ ) a good prospect ( success4 ,9 ?is case we are oblig$ to use dormant buds t 7 =m$ ! previ\s ye>1 & we h to ex]cise c>e 9 ! pres]vation ( ! scions1 to keep !m back by ! application ( cold1 until ! "t ( _! ins]tion4 ,! condition ( ! bud is also important to ! success ( ! op]ation4 ,! tree f :i* we cut ! scions %\ld be 9 a gr[+ /ate1 ?\gh ?is is n s ess5tial z 9 ! case ( ! /ock1 z has be5 se5 9 spr+ budd+--/ill1 a degree ( activity is desirable4 ,! "y %oot %\ld h p]fect$ its gr[? to su* an ext5t z to h deposit$ its woody fibre1 x %\ld n be too succul5t2 b ! ess5tial condition is1 t x %\ld h its buds well develop$4 ,^!1 z e "o kn[s1 are =m$ 9 ! axils ( ! leaves1 &1 to insure success1 !y %\ld be plump & well gr[n4 ,9 ^? fruits :i* blossom on wood %oots ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[?1 z ! pea* & apricot1 ! blossom buds %\ld be avoid$2 !y are easily recogniz$ by _! great] size & plumpness4 ,9 cutt+ scions1 or bud-/icks1 ! mo/ vigor\s %oots %\ld be avoid$1 !y are too s(t & pi?y2 ! close jo9t$ firm %oots1 ( m$ium size1 are mu* to be pref]r$1 z !y h well develop$ buds1 :i* appe> to h m vitality4 ,su* scions are f\nd at ! ends ( ! lat]al bran*es4 ,^! ne$ imm$iate att5tion1 or !y w be lo/4 ,! evaporation ( _! juices ?r\gh ! leaves w\ld soon cause !m to )] & wilt1 & become useless4 ,^! app5dages are !re=e imm$iately remov$ by cutt+ ! petioles f a qu>t] to half an in* f ! scion2 a portion ( ! /em is ?us left z a conv5i5t h&le :5 ins]t+ ! %ield1 & ?is also s]ves aft]w>d z an index to ! condition ( ! bud4 ,s soon z trimm$ ( _! leaves1 ! scions are ti$ up1 & envelop$ loosely 9 a damp clo?1 or 9 moss1 or fre% grass1 to exclude !m f ! air4 ,if !y %\ld become wilt$1 !y mu/ n be put into wat]1 z ?is injures !m2 x is bett] to spr9kle ! clo? & tie !m up tightly1 or !y may be re/or$ by bury+ !m 9 mod]ately moi/ e>?4 ,! e>ly g>d5]s 7 v p>ticul> z to ! k9d ( wea!r ^u :i* to d _! budd+4 ,!y recomm5d$ a cl\dy or a %[]y day1 or ! ev5+1 9 ord] to avoid ! effects ( ! hot sun%9e4 ,?is might d 9 a small g>d51 :]e ! op]ator c\ld select 8 opportunity to bud a few doz5 /ocks2 b ev5 !re1 wet wea!r %\ld be avoid$1 r ?an c\rt$4 ,b 9 ! l>ge comm]cial nurs]ies1 :]e t5s ( ?\s&s ( buds are to be ins]t$1 !re c be no *oice ( wea!r2 inde$1 _m nurs]ym5 pref] bright sun%9e & ! hotte/ wea!r1 z !y f9d no inconv5i5ce aris+ to ! trees f ?is s\rce4 ,"s ev5 av] t _! success is bett] "u su* circum/ances1 & argue t ! pulp is ri*]4 ,mo/ trees 9 _! mature /ate make all _! gr[? by ext5sion or elongation v e>ly 9 ! season1 by "o pu%1 z x 72 ) ! fir/ unfold+ ( ! leaves1 comes also ! elongation ( ! twig t be>s !m4 ,9 mo/ adult trees 9 a /ate ( nature1 !re is no fur!r gr[? 9 ?is way1 b ! int]nal *anges ( ! sap cont9ue to be effect$ among ! cells dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( _! rema9+ 9 leaf1 dur+ :i* !re is a cont9ual fl[ ( crude sap absorb$ by ! roots1 & tak5 up into ! organism ( ! tree to aid 9 ! p]fection ( all ! v>i\s p>ts1 & 9 ! prep>ation ( ! prop] juice & ! sev]al products peculi> to ! tree1 z well z its wood & fruits4 ,:5 all ?is is transpir+ )9 its economy1 ! tree is said to be 9 its full fl[ ( sap2 at ?is /age ! "y tree is 9 ! be/ condition = budd+1 b x cont9ues also1 if well cultivat$1 to gr[ by ext5sion = a great] or %ort] portion ( ! season1 & ?is is ess5tial to ! success ( ! op]ation z already /at$4 ,aft] ! p]fect+ ( ! crop ( fruit1 ! ma9 "w ( ! tree seems to h be5 done = ! ye>1 & we (t5 obs]ve1 p>ticul>ly ) ! summ] fruits1 t ! trees appe> to g to re/ aft] ?is p]iod1 & beg9 to ca/ _! foliage4 ,n[1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ?is is true ( ! "y trees4 ,! v>ieties t rip5 _! fruit e>ly1 make _! gr[? 9 ! nurs]y 9 ! e>li] portion ( ! summ]1 !y /op gr[+1 & _! t]m9al bud is =m$ & is conspicu\s at ! top ( ! %oots4 ,v soon ! supply ( sap appe>s to be dim9i%$1 !re is no long] s mu* activity 9 ! circulation1 ! b>k cleaves to ! wood1 x w no long] run1 & ! season ( budd+ = ^? /ocks has rea*$ its t]m9us2 h5ce ! nurs]yman mu/ be ^u ! look-out = ! condition ( 8 trees4 ,=tunately1 ^? species :i* h ! %orte/ season1 are also ! fir/ to be ready1 ! fir/ to mature _! buds1 & !y mu/ be budd$ fir/4 ,we may comm5ce ) ! *]ry1 ?\gh ! ,mahaleb /ock1 :5 x is us$1 cont9ues 9 condition long] ?an o!r v>ieties1 & may be work$ late4 ,! plum & pe> /ocks also complete _! gr[? at an e>ly p]iod 9 ! season2 ! apple cont9ues long] 9 good condition1 & may be work$ q late4 ,grapes1 if work$ 9 ?is way1 %\ld be att5d$ to ab\t mid-season1 :ile !y are /ill gr[+2 b qu9ces & pea*es may be kept 9 a gr[+ /ate mu* lat] ?an mo/ o!r /ocks1 & c be budd$ la/ ( all4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;,,budd+1 ,,) ,,! ,,wood ,,remov$4 b1 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,%ield ,,%[+ ,,! ,,base ,,( ,,! ,,bud4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,x4--,! /ocks be+ 9 a suitable condition z above describ$1 !y %\ld be trimm$ ( _! lat]al %oots = a few in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,?is may be done imm$iately 9 advance ( ! budd]1 or x may h be5 done a few days be=e ! budd+4 ,! /ock may be "o ye> old1 or two ye>s2 aft] ?is p]iod !y d n "w s well4 ,! usual me?od is to make a ,t incision ?r\gh ! b>k ( ! /ock1 z l[ d[n z possible1 b 9 a smoo? piece ( ! /em2 "s pref] to ins]t ! %ield j bel[ ! natural site ( a bud4 ,! knife %\ld be ?9 & %>p1 & if ! /ock be 9 good condition1 x w pass ?r\gh ! b>k ) v little resi/ance2 b if ! /ock be too dry1 ! exp]i5c$ budd] w detect x by ! diff]5t feel+ communicat$ ?r\gh 8 knife1 by ! increas$ resi/ance to be ov]come 9 mak+ ! cut4 ,! cu/om has be5 to raise ! b>k by ins]t+ ! haft ( ! budd+ knife g5tly1 s z to />t ! corn]s ( ! incision1 prep>atory to ins]t+ ! bud2 b our be/ budd]s dep5d ^u ! %ield sep>at+ ! b>k z x is introduc$4 ,! bud is cut f ! scion by ! same knife1 :i* is ent]$ half an in* above ! bud1 & drawn d[nw>d ab\t "o-?ird ! diamet] ( ! scion1 & br\ght out an equal di/ance bel[ ! bud2 ?is makes ! %ield1 or bud4 ,! au?orities direct t ! wood %\ld be remov$ f ! %ield be=e x is ins]t$2 ?is is a nice op]ation1 requir+ "s dext]ity to avoid injur+ ! base ( ! bud1 :i* con/itutes its connection ) ! m$ulla or pi? )9 ! /ick4 ,! base ( ! bud is repres5t$ by b1 figure #ag4 ,v>i\s appliances h be5 inv5t$ to aid 9 ?is sep>ation1 "s use a piece ( quill1 o!rs a k9d ( g\ge2 b if ! b>k run freely on ! scion1 !re w be little difficulty 9 sep>at+ ! wood f ! %ield ) ! f+]s alone4 ,all ?is may be avoid$ by adopt+ :at is call$ ! ,am]ican me?od ( budd+1 :i* consi/s 9 leav+ ! wood 9 ! %ield1 7fig4 #ah1 b7 t %\ld be cut ?9n]1 & is !n ins]t$ b5ea? ! b>k )\t any difficulty1 & may be made to fit closely en\gh = all practical purposes4 ,l ev]y?+ else ,am]ican1 ?is is a "t-sav+ & labor-sav+ plan1 & !re=e readily adopt$ by ! practical nurs]yman1 :o w ins]t two ?\s& 9 a day4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--;,,am]ican ,,budd+4 b1 ,,! ,,bud ,,) ,,! ,,wood ,,rema9+4 ,a division ( labor is _h g5]ally1 s f> z ! ty+ is conc]n$2 = ?is is done by a boy :o foll[s imm$iately aft] ! budd]1 & "s ( ^! require two sm>t boys4 ,s4,s4 ,jackson has c>ri$ ?is pr9ciple ( division ( labor /ill fur!r1 &1 z appe>s1 ) advantage2 "o h& cuts ! %ields = ano!r :o ins]ts !m4 ,he nev] uses ! haft ( 8 knife to raise ! b>k1 b1 aft] hav+ made ! longitud9al cut ?r\gh ! b>k1 he places ! knife 9 position to make ! transv]se incision1 & z he cuts ! b>k1 ! edge ( ! blade be+ incl9$ d[nw>d1 ! %ield is plac$ on ! /ock close above ! knife1 :i* is !n /ill fur!r incl9$ t[>d ! /ock1 re/+ ^u ! %ield z a fulcrum2 ?us />t$1 ! b>k w readily yield to ! %ield1 :i* is !n press$ d[n home into its place4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,,mr4 ,,jackson',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,incision4 ,j4,w4 ,t5brook1 ( ,indiana1 has inv5t$ a little in/rum5t ) :i* he makes ! longitud9al & transv]se incisions1 & raises ! b>k1 all at "o op]ation1 & ins]ts ! bud ) ! o!r h&4 ,on ^! plans1 two p]sons may "w toge!r1 "o cutt+1 ! o!r ins]t+ ! buds2 ^! may *ange "w occasionally = re/4 ,9 all cases x is be/ to h o!r h&s to tie-9 ! buds1 two or ?ree boys w g5]ally f9d full occupation beh9d a sm>t budd]4 ,x w be app>5t t ! above processes c only be p]=m$ :5 ! /ock is 9 ! mo/ p]fect condition ( gr[?1 s t ! b>k c be press$ away be=e ! bud2 a good workman w n desire to bud "u any o!r circum/ances4 ,9 budd+1 x is f\nd t ! upp] end ( ! %ield is ! la/ to adh]e to ! /ock2 x ne$s to be closely appli$ & press$ by ! b&age1 & if too long1 s z to project above ! transv]se incision1 x %\ld be cut (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--,,/ick ,,( ,,buds4 ,ano!r exp$i5t = facilitat+ ! op]ation ( budd+ is made use ( by "s ( ! nurs]ym5 :o gr[ pea* trees ext5sively4 ,x consi/s 91 prep>+ ! /ick ( buds1 z %[n 9 ! engrav+1 figure #bj4 ,a cut is made1 ) a %>p knife1 ?r\gh ! b>k1 ar\nd ea* bud1 z 9 ! figure4 ,! budd] !n removes ! buds z !y are want$1 ) a slight sidewise pull1 & has ! %ield 9 ! "r condition to ins]t1 )\t ! tr\ble ( remov+ ! wood4 ,:5 work+ 9 ?is mann]1 ! /ick ( buds mu/ n be all[$ to dry1 & ! "w mu/ be done at a "t :5 ! b>k p>ts ) ! greate/ ease4 ,among ! modifications ( ! process ( budd+1 t1 call$ r+-budd+1 fig4 #ba1 may be m5tion$1 r z a curiosity h[ev]1 ?\gh pref]r$ by "s1 especially = ! grape1 :i* is said to be v easily budd$1 ?\gh we seldom see ! op]ation practic$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--,,r+ ,,budd+4 ,^? :o are anxi\s to comm5ce budd+ e>ly 9 ! season1 prep>e ! scions !y expect to use1 by p9*+ ! ends & cutt+ (f a portion ( ! leaves2 ! effect ( ?is *eck to ! wood gr[? is to ha/5 ! rip5+ or developm5t ( ! buds1 :i* rapidly swell1 prep>atory to break+1 9 _! attempt to reproduce ! foliage t _h be5 remov$4 ,,ty+ %\ld be done z soon z conv5i5t aft] ! buds h be5 ins]t$2 ?\gh "u v favorable circum/ances ! bud may adh]e & d well )\t any b&ag+1 no "o ?9ks ( leav+ ! "w )\t c>efully ty+ 9 ! buds1 & mo/ budd]s lay a great deal ( /ress ^u ! necessity = cov]+ ! :ole %ield & cut ) a cont9u\s b&ag+1 t %all exclude ! light1 & air1 & moi/ure4 ,! mat]ial mo/ us$ is bass matt+1 br\ght f ,russia1 z a cov]+ to ! packages ( %eet iron = :i* t c\ntry is fam\s4 ,?is is ! inn] b>k ( ! ,tilia ,europea1 b our own ,bass-wood1 ,t4 ,am]icana1 furni%es an excell5t bass1 & is procur$ by our nurs]ym5 directly f ! trees1 by /ripp+ ! b>k 9 ,june1 & aft] x has la9 a few days 9 wat]1 ! inn] portion sep>ates easily1 is dri$1 & put away = future use4 ,^? :o h n provid$ ! bass1 are cont5t to apply wool5 y>n to tie 9 ! buds2 its ela/icity adapts x well to ! purpose4 ,! +5i\s budd]1 )\t bass1 (t5 f9ds a sub/itute = x1 & a v good tie1 9 ! s(t husks ( corn e>s1 ! inn] husks are torn into /rips & us$ a little damp1 :5 !y are pliant & easily ti$1 answ]+ a v good purpose4 ,_m nurs]ym51 :o h tri$ ! corn-husk1 pref] x to all o!r mat]ial1 because x saves !m ! tr\ble ( remov+ ! b&ages1 z x decays rapidly1 & yield+ to ! gr[? ( ! /ock1 x falls (f be=e x cuts ! b>k1 :i* a firm] b&age is apt to d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,,mr4 ,,jackson',s ,,mann] ,,( ,,ty+ ,,! ,,bud4 ,s4,s4 ,jackson1 ^: improvem5ts 9 budd+ h already be5 m5tion$1 also adopts ano!r 9 ty+4 ,he holds t x is n at all necess>y to hide ! bud ) ! tie1 ! only requisite be+ to reta9 ! p>ts 9 contact4 ,he uses ,no4 #c cotton y>n1 cut 9 l5g?s ( a few in*es1 m or less1 accord+ to ! size ( ! /ocks2 a c\ple ( /r&s are pull$ out f ! cut bundles2 ! fir/ turn ar\nd ! /ock secures ! end ( ! /r+ by its own pressure1 "o turn m is tak5 bel[ ! bud & "o or two above x1 :5 ! free end is pass$ into a cleft made ?r\gh ! b>k above ! po9t :]e ! bud is ins]t$4 ,?is is f\nd to secure ! /r+ suffici5tly1 & is easily loos5$ :5 necess>y to relieve ! t5sion caus$ by ! cont9u$ gr[?1 7fig4 #bb74 ,all ties %\ld be loos5$ 9 ! c\rse ( a c\ple ( weeks1 if ! /ocks be gr[+ freely2 o!rwise !y w injure ! tree by /rangulation4 ,sometimes x w be necess>y to replace ! b&age to prev5t ! effects ( desiccation ^u ! bud1 ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ! *]ry1 & o!r fruits1 t are budd$ e>ly2 b ! tie is (t5 left on ! /ock all w9t]1 z a sort ( protection to ! bud4 ,:5 loos5+ ! ties1 ! buds are inspect$ & _! condition asc]ta9$2 if !y h fail$1 !y may be replac$1 if ! /ocks cont9ue 9 a suitable condition4 ,x is v easy to tell ! success ( ! budd+2 ! portion ( ! petiole left ^u ! %ield is a v good index2 if ! bud has )]$1 ?is w also be br[n & w adh]e firmly to ! %ield2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! bud & its %ield hav+ =m$ a union ) ! /ock1 ! leaf-/alk rema9s plump1 b *anges color4 ,l a leaf-/em 9 ! autumn1 x assumes ! t9t ( rip5ess1 & x w sep>ate ) a t\*1 & soon falls (f4 ,! common me?od ( remov+ ! ties is to cut !m ) a s+le /roke ( a %>p knife1 :5 ! b&age is left to fall (f4 ,mr4 ,knight recomm5d$ two di/9ct ligatures1 & left ! "o above ! bud = a long] "t uncut4 ,:5 ! buds h n be5 v fully develop$1 & :5 ! /ocks are v ?rifty1 x sometimes happ5s t ! excessive gr[? ab\t ! incisions made = ! ins]tion ( ! bud1 completely cov] up ?is little g]m ( a future tree1 :i* is !n said to be dr[n$4 ,judici\s p9*+ & %ort5+ ( ! /ock w prev5t ?is effect1 b c>e is ne$$ n to pursue su* treatm5t too f>4 ,! /ocks are g5]ally head$ back to )9 an in* or m ( ! bud1 j z vegetation />ts ! next spr+2 b e>ly set buds may be head$ back s soon z !y h tak51 & w (t5 make a nice gr[? ! same season4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n g5]ally pref]r$1 & a late />t 9 ! gr[+ wea!r ( our autumns is p>ticul>ly to be avoid$1 z ! "y %oot w n become matur$ be=e w9t]1 & may be lo/4 ,! advantages ( propagat+ by budd+ may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ rem>ks1 :i* are pres5t$ ev5 at ! risk ( "s repetition4 ,?is favorite me?od ( multiply+ v>ieties has "s advantages ov] graft+1 & is by _m pref]r$ on acc\nt ( ! facility ) :i* x c be p]=m$1 & because x af=ds a means ( increas+ sorts 9 ! nurs]y t h n be5 graft$1 & ( fill+ up gaps 9 ! r[s :]e grafts h miss$2 & x has be5 report$1 t budd$ trees ( c]ta9 v>ieties 7 m h>dy ?an ^? :i* _h be5 root-graft$4 ,! objections1 if su* !y c be call$1 are1 t ! p]iod ( p]=m+ ! op]ation is limit$1 & t ! "y %oots f ! buds g5]ally h a curve t makes a crook or blemi% 9 ! tree :5 x goes f ! nurs]y--nei!r ( ^! objections con/itute any real difficulty2 on ! contr>y1 ! advantages q ov]-balance !m3 z already sugge/$1 x is a good plan = d\ble-work+ c]ta9 v>ieties4 ,! season = budd+ is at ! p]iod :5 ! longitud9al gr[? ( ! /ock is ne>ly complet$1 & :5 ! wood-=m+ process is mo/ active1 s t ! b>k w "p mo/ freely f ! wood--9 o!r words1 :ile ! /ock is /ill q active 9 its circulation1 b has1 9 a measure1 made its gr[?4 ,! scions us$ mu/ h s f> complet$ _! gr[? = ! season z to h fill$ _! buds h&somely1 b yet be s "y z to all[ ! wood to "p freely f ! b>k ( ! %ields :5 !y are cut4 ,^? :o desire to bud e>ly1 may accel]ate ! developm5t ( ! buds by nipp+ (f ! po9ts ( ! %oots to be us$1 ?is1 9 a few days1 causes ! buds to swell4 ,! season ( budd+ w ?us dep5d ^u ! high culture ( ! nurs]y1 & ^u ! condition ( ! trees f :i* ! scions ( buds are to be cut4 ,budd+ %\ld nev] be done unless ! /ock is 9 p]fectly good condition1 if o!rwise1 x is labor lo/4 ,! old writ]s recomm5d$ damp1 cl\dy1 or ev5 %[]y wea!r2 b "u our bright summ] skies our l>ge e/abli%m5ts w\ld nev] be able to dispose ( _! "w1 7 !y to wait = su* suitable wea!r4 ,=tunately x is n f\nd necess>y to select su* a season1 b ! greate/ success att5ds ! budd+ t is done 9 f9e bright & ev5 hot wea!r4 ,! scions %\ld be kept wrapp$ 9 a damp clo?1 exclud$ f ! rapid evaporation to :i* !y w\ld be subject$ if expos$--?is is bett] ?an to keep !m 9 wat]1 :i* exhau/s !m by dilution ( ! sap !y conta94 ,! scions %\ld h _! leaves remov$1 s soon z !y are cut f ! tree2 ?is is done ) a knife or ! ?umb nail1 leav+ a %ort piece ( ! leaf-/alk = conv5i5ce :5 ins]t+ ! buds4 ,spr+ budd+ is sometimes desirable1 ei!r to fill up gaps 9 ! nurs]y-r[s1 or to secure v>ieties1 ! scions ( :i* may h be5 receiv$ too late = graft+1 or :5 x is desirable to multiply !m z mu* z possible1 by mak+ e bud gr[4 ,:5 ! op]ation is to be p]=m$ 9 ! spr+1 ! scions mu/ be kept back1 by plac+ !m 9 ! ice-h\se until ! /ocks are 9 full leaf1 :5 ! b>k w peel readily1 & ! buds may be ins]t$ ) a pretty fair prospect ( success2 ( c\rse1 ! ,am]ican me?od mu/ be us$ 9 ?is case1 z ! wood & b>k ( ! dormant scion w n sep>ate4 ,! /ocks %\ld be cut d[n z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! buds beg9 to swell1 ) a %>p knife1 appli$ j above ! bud1 & on ! same side2 ! :ole upp] portion ( ! /ock mu/ be remov$ by a clean cut2 ?is is bett] ?an to leave a /ump ( ?ree or f\r in*es1 z is (t5 recomm5d$1 z a support to :i* to tie up ! buds 9 _! t5d] gr[?4 ,all %oots f ! /ock %\ld be rubb$ out :ile "y2 ?is may ne$ repeat+ a second "t4 ,if ! /ocks 7 /rong1 ! buds w make h&some /urdy trees ! fir/ season2 ! bran*$ =m may be assi/$ by p9*+ ! po9ts :5 a few in*es high1 z recomm5d$ ) ! grafts4 ,two ye> old /ocks %\ld make pretty trees1 at "o ye> old f ! bud4 ,,propagation4--,,sect4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,nurs]y4 ,,apology4 ,,nurs]ym5 ,,ne$ ,,n ,,be ,,jeal\s4 ,,site ,,& ,,soil4 ,,roots ,,affect$ ,,by ,,soil4 ,,fibr\s ,,roots ,,desirable4 ,,root ,,prun+4 ,,! ,,pl[ ,,prun]4 ,,digg+ ,,trees4 ,,high ,,manur+4 ,,objections4 ,,cr[d+ ,,! ,,r[s ,,is ,,/ill ,,worse4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,nurs]y ,,soil4 ,,dra9+4 ,,lay+ ,,out4 ,,di/ances4 ,,b$d+ ,,apple ,,grafts4 ,,mul*+4 ,,! ,,roll] ,,z ,a ,,cultivator4 ,,lay+ ,,by ,,trees ,,= ,,w9t] ,,) ,,! ,,pl[4 ,,! ,,subsoil ,,lift]4 ,,! ,,prong$ ,,hoe4 ,,?or\gh ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,cutt+ ,,b$s4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,cutt+s4 ,,autumnal ,,plant+4 ,,w9t] ,,mul*+4 ,,grape ,,cutt+s4 ,,fall ,,plant+4 ,,long ,,cutt+s4 ,,%ort ,,cutt+s4 ,,trimm+4 ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,leaves4 ,,/ocky ,,trees4 ,,side ,,bran*es4 ,,%ort5+-,,94 ,,:5 ,,to ,,remove4 ,,head+-,,9 ,,! ,,trees4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,d ,,x4 ,,age ,,( ,,trees ,,= ,,plant+4 ,,maid5 ,,trees4 ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,l>ge ,,trees4 ,,b5efit$ ,,by ,,root ,,prun+4 ,,! ,,home ,,nurs]y4 ,,field',s ,,plan4 ,,! ,,nurs]y ,,or*>d ,,( ,,:itney4 ,,w9t] ,,kill+4 ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,by ,,e>ly ,,rip5+ ,,! ,,wood4 ,,injuri\s ,,animals4 ,,moles4 ,,mice4 ,,rabbits4 ,,prev5tives4 ,,insects4 ,,! ,,nurs]y4--,be n al>m$1 bro!r nurs]yman1 ?9k n t all ! arcana ( y\r craft are to be expos$ to ! public2 "o small *apt] _c injure y1 ev5 7 x wise & prop] to reta9 k exclusively 9 ! h&s ( ! guild2 on ! o!r h&1 ye ne$ n be afraid t "o :o owes y s mu* w\ld turn tell-tale1 & expose all y\r weaknesses to ! gaze ( ! multitude4 ,f my fri5ds 9 ! craft1 ! _m intellig5t m5 & ke5 obs]v]s1 :o h ev] be5 =emo/ 9 ! ranks ( our c\ntry's pomologi/s1 no c5sure is appreh5d$ = attempt+ to da% (f a few brief directions = ! amateur1 or ev5 ! nurs]yman1 :o is j beg9n+ to pursue z a bus9ess ! pleasant occupation ( gr[+ trees4 ,any c5sure f o!rs1 if su* !re be1 :o w\ld feel afraid to tru/ _! k to ! _w1 & :o might ?9k 9 ?is enlight5$ age t su* a ?+ z secrets ( ! trade c\ld be long reta9$ 9 _! own h&s1--any c5sure1 f su* a s\rce1 w\ld fall h>mless--x is n dread$4 ,inde$1 ?\gh n ( ! trade1 x w\ld be easy to expose ! ignorance t is sure to be f\nd among ^? :o might claim to be ! exclusive cons]vators ( k1 su* h[ev] is n ! object 9 view1 x is r to ext5d useful k1 to popul>ize x & to br+ x )9 ! rea* ( ^? :o may ne$ x1 t ?is *apt] is und]tak52 & ! labor is ! m will+ly ent]$ ^u1 9 ! firm conviction t ! m ! k ( plants & ! love = !m is diffus$ among ! masses ( our population1 ! great] w be ! success ( ^? :o are engag$ z pr(essional nurs]ym5 & g>d5]s1 :o ne$ n fe> ! competition ( amateurs1 b %\ld r enc\rage x1 ^u ! score ( su* p]sons be+ & cont9u+ to be _! be/ cu/om]s--if n f any high] & m noble s5tim5ts ( affiliation ) m5 ( cong5ial ta/es & pursuits4 ,,site ,,& ,,soil ,,= ,,! ,,nurs]y4--,a some:at elevat$ position %\ld be select$ = ! gr\nd t is to be appropriat$ = ! production ( trees2 ! surface wat] %\ld be able to escape rapidly1 in/ead ( /&+ 9 ! pa?s1 & furr[s1 & tr5*es4 ,! fre% air %\ld be able to bl[ freely ov] ! "y trees1 sway+ !m ab\t1 try+ _! fibres1 & at ! same "t giv+ !m new /r5g? & vigor3 n t !y %\ld be too mu* expos$ to ! rude bla/s1 z !y might be ^u ! va/ savannas ( ! ,we/1 :]e a protect+ belt ( decidu\s & ev]gre5 trees1 to a mod]ate ext5t1 w be f\nd ( s]vice1 & conducive to ! heal?y developm5t ( "y trees 9 ! nurs]y4 ,b ev5 ! nak$ prairie1 expos$ = miles 9 e direction1 w\ld (f] a bett] location = ! nurs]y1 ?an a few acres cle>$ out among ! heavy timb]4 ,"h ! little trees1 if cr[d$ toge!r1 mu/ be drawn up to meet ! light1 & w be poorly furni%$ ) lat]al bran*es1 & unprep>$ to meet ! rude battle ) ! elem5ts t awaits !m 9 _! future or*>d homes1 :i*1 inde$1 too (t5 become r _! graves1 into :i* !y are ?ru/1 buri$1 n plant$1 & :5ce !y rise no m1 b aft] a fruitless /ruggle1 dw9dle & die4 ,a some:at elevat$ situation is also valuable1 on acc\nt ( its great] probable immunity f fro/1 ?an a l[] level2 & ?is is (t5 a matt] ( great importance 9 ! successful cultivation ( fruit trees4 ,! soil %\ld be a good /rong s&y loam1 "o t conta9s ! ne$ful elem5ts = ! gr[? ( trees1 & at ! same "t has a composition t w freely p]mit ! passage ( wat] ?r\gh x1 & be easily work$ by ! cultivator4 ,heavy soils1 ab\nd+ 9 clay1 are /rong2 b !y are m ret5tive ( wat]1 !y require m labor to keep !m 9 a friable condition1 & !y are sometimes objectionable on acc\nt ( ! "* ( ! roots produc$ 9 !m4 ,^! are less abundantly furni%$ ) fibres1 z a g5]al rule1 :5 ! tree has be5 gr[n 9 a /iff clay1 ?an :5 x has be5 produc$ 9 a light] & m por\s soil4 ,mucky soils are too light1 & %\ld n be us$ = p]man5t nurs]ies1 ?\gh valuable = se$l+s1 cutt+s1 & newly transplant$ =e/ ev]gre5s = a %ort p]iod2 unless ! muck be und]laid by clay1 & t x is ne> en\gh to ! surface to be rea*$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! soil1 & to become mix$ ) its /aple 9 cultivat+ x4 ,trees1 = ! or*>d1 %\ld nev] be gr[n ^u a mucky or peaty soil4 ,! diff]5t "* ( ! roots =m$ by trees gr[+ 9 p>ticul> soils1 %\ld n be ov]look$ by ! propagator1 s9ce mu* ( 8 reputation z a nurs]yman1 & ! success att5dant ^u ! labors ( 8 cu/om]s1 w dep5d ^u ! heal?y developm5t ( ^! important organs1 :i* h be5 call$ ! m\?s ( plants4 ,z else:]e obs]v$1 peaty & mucky soils d n produce roots ( a "* well adapt$ to transplant+ into upl& soil4 ,v /iff clays furni% trees ) long /raggl+ roots t h feeble & scatt]$ fibres2 su* roots d n pres5t !mselves 9 a good condition1 nor are !y easily sep>at$ f ! soil1 ! t5acity ( :i* (t5 injures ! sl5d] fibr\s portions1 :i* x is desirable to pres]ve 9 transplant+4 ,s&y soils & s&y loams produce ! v be/ roots1 mo/ ev5ly di/ribut$1 & also mo/ easily pres]v$ & remov$ :5 ! trees are dug f ! e>?4 ,mu* may be done by ! intellig5t cultivator1 9 any k9d ( l&1 to make good roots by prop] treatm5t ( 8 soil & trees4 ,a ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! gr\nd1 & dis9tegration ( ! soil1 w conduce to ?is result2 & ?or\gh culture w ma9ta9 ! good condition ?us produc$4 ,frequ5t transplant+ w enc\rage ! production ( new roots f ! cut ends ( ^? t 7 ruptur$ 9 digg+1 & ^! w be )9 rea* at ! next removal4 ,:5 tak+ up "y trees1 or :5 sett+ out se$l+s 9 ! nurs]y r[s1 ! tap roots1 & inde$ all long /raggl+ roots1 %\ld be cut back1 ) a view to produc+ ! same result4 ,:5 trees h rema9$ = ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 ! nurs]y r[s1 ! fibres w h ext5d$ s f> 9 se>* ( food & moi/ure1 t 9 digg+ !m1 ! be/ portions ( ! roots w be left 9 ! gr\nd1 & ! "y trees w suff] ^u be+ transplant$ 9 ?is mutilat$ condition4 ,su* %\ld be root prun$ ! season previ\s to _! removal4 ,?is process is p]=m$ by remov+ ! e>? on ei!r side ( ! r[1 until ! roots are expos$1 :5 !y are cut (f at f t5 in*es to a foot1 f ! tree1 & ! e>? replac$ ^u !m1 ! object be+ ! =mation ( new fibres t %all be )9 ! rea* ( ! spade :5 !y come to be dug = ! or*>d4 ,ano!r plan = root prun+ is1 to use a v %>p spade1 :i* is set d[n & press$ deeply into ! gr\nd1 a few in*es f ! tree1 s z to cut all roots t pass t limit4 ,?is1 ?\gh a rud] me?od1 is foll[$ by good results4 ,,digg+ ,,! ,,trees1 is a process t %\ld be conduct$ ^u v diff]5t pr9ciples f ^? ex]cis$ 9 grubb+ a ?icket4 ,! nurs]yman wi%es to cle> 8 block1 b ! pur*as] hopes to save 8 trees1 & to h !m live1 he wants a good %>e ( _! roots ) !m4 ,no "o ne$ expect1 h[ev]1 to h any?+ l a l>ge proportion ( ! roots ( a tree remov$ f ! gr\nd2 t is out ( ! "q1 unless !y h be5 gr[n 9 wall$ /ations1 conf9+ ! roots1 l ^? ( gre5-h\se plants 9 _! fl[]pots4 ,9 op5 culture1 !y w h spread ?r\gh ! soil 9 e direction1 & _c be pres]v$ & remov$4 ,repeat$ root prun+ w be ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 furni%+ a great _m f9e roots )9 rea*2 b at ! be/1 a great deal ( damage is necess>ily inflict$ ^u ! roots by digg+1 & ! old] & l>g] ! tree1 ! great] w be ! injury1 & ! small] ! proportion ( roots to ! bran*es4 ,9 digg+ trees1 x is important to remove ! soil v c>efully on ea* side ( ! r[ to expose ! roots1 always hold+ ! spade 9 su* a position t its side & edge %all be 9 ! direction ( a radius1 f ! /em ( ! tree z a c5tre4 ,nev] /& fac+ ! tree to be dug1 b keep x next ! elb[1 at "o side4 ,on f9d+ a root1 )draw ! spade1 & try aga92 &1 hav+ asc]ta9$ its direction1 endeavor to loos5 ! out] extremities fir/4 ,proce$ all ar\nd 9 ?is mann]1 & by g5tly sway+ ! trunk1 ! po9ts ( resi/ance w be indicat$2 ^! %\ld be loos5$ & fre$ until all appe> to be free1 :51 by grasp+ ! coll> z l[ d[n z possible1 ! tree is to be lift$ g5tly & fre$ f ! soil2 no =ce %\ld be us$ beyond t :i* is absolutely necess>y1 to lift ! plant f its b$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,,h>kness' ,,tree ,,digg]4 ,9 ! great comm]cial nurs]ies1 all ?is c>e _c be ex]cis$2 ev]y?+ mu/ be done 9 ! l>ge way1 & labor-sav+ appliances1 ! valuable results ( human ?\ght1 b /ill n ?9k+ nor obs]v+ intellig5ces1 mu/ be us$4 ,"o ( ?is class is ! tree-digg]1 :i*1 9 ! prairie soils1 is us$ ) v good success4 ,x consi/s ( a v l>ge deep pl[1 )\t any mold-bo>d1 b ) a wide %>p /eel %>e1 :i* is turn$ up at ! edges1 s z to cut ! lat]al roots at "s di/ance f ! trees4 ,x is drawn on ea* side ( ! r[1 by f\r horses1 hit*$ ad t&em4 ,! trees may !n easily be lift$ f ! loose prairie soil4 ,! accompany+ engrav+ %[s ! tree digg] ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,h>kness1 :i* is mu* us$ 9 ! nurs]ies ( ,ill9ois & o!r ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,! figure is suffici5tly cle>1 )\t mu* explanation4 ,! broad /eel blade runs "u ! r[s & is drawn by f\r horses1 two work+ "o be=e ! o!r1 or t&em1 ea* side ( ! r[4 ,"s ( our ,we/]n nurs]ym5 f9d great advantage f ! use ( ?is digg] 9 _! free soils1 & also = root prun+ trees t are to rema9 9 ! r[s4 ,9 ! s&y loams ( ,new ,j]sey1 a simil> tool is us$ = digg+ pea* trees1 :i* is drawn by a span ( heavy horses t are atta*$ to ! two sep>ate beams1 "o be+ on ea* side ( ! trees4 ,?is implem5t is f\nd to be entirely satisfactory 9 its op]ations4 ,high manur+ 9 ! nurs]y has be5 object$ to by "s or*>d plant]s1 :o say t trees1 :i* h be5 =c$ into a too luxuriant gr[? 9 _! infancy1 receive s sev]e a %ock ^u be+ transplant$ to ! op5 field1 t !y nev] recov]4 ,) ! neglect :i* is s commonly accord$ to "y trees 9 ! or*>d1 x is really wond]ful h[ !y ev] survive at all1 :e!r !y _h be5 /imulat$ 9 _! culture or n4 ,! l>ge majority ( pur*as]s at ! nurs]y always select ^? trees :i* are mo/ vigor\s1 not)/&+ ! prejudice aga9/ /imulat+ ! trees1 & !n ) mutilat$ roots1 !y probably omit cutt+ back ! limbs suffici5tly1 & :5 _! neglect$ or*>d fails1 !y compla9 ( ! =c$ trees4 ,! *ange f ! good cultivation ( ! nurs]y to ! c>eless culture & ev5 neglect ( ! f>m1 is c]ta9ly h>d = ! poor ?+s to be>4 ,late gr[?1 enc\rag$ by high manur+1 is injuri\s4 ,!re is a mu* m s]i\s fault ( ! nurs]y ?an /imulat+ ) manure & high cultivation1 & t is ! too common error ( cr[d+ ! trees2 b ev5 ?is has its orig9 p>tly ) ! pur*as]1 :o too (t5 wi%es to h 8 trees drawn up z high z possible2 in/ead ( dem&+ l[ heads he asks = high ones1 & w sometimes (f] a premium = trees t h gr[n 9 "o season1 ! second f ! root graft1 eight or t5 feet 9 a s+le %oot1 s t he may at once calculate ^u =m+ ! head :]e he wants x1 out ( ! rea* ( 8 horse2 a calculation1 h[ev]1 :i* he w n realize4 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,soil = a nurs]y %\ld be z deep & z ?or\gh z possible1 = "s ?+s x is be/ ev5 to tr5* ! gr\nd2 b g5]ally1 ! ?or\gh pl[+1 ) a deep-till]1 or a tr5*-pl[1 w be suffici5t1 & if foll[$ by ! subsoil lift]1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ intellig5t horticulturi/s1 & mo/ successful nurs]ym5 9 ! c\ntry1 f9ds t he c produce a bett] result 9 dep? & f95ess ( til?1 by us+ ! ,d\ble ,mi*igan pl[1 ?an he c ) ! spade4 ,a piece ( clov]-sod ?us pl[$ 9 ! fall1 & subsoil$ at ! same "t1 w be 9 f9e ord] = nurs]y purposes1 aft] a ?or\gh cross-pl[+ & h>r[+ 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,if ! l& has be5 "u-dra9$1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,!re is little good l& t w\ld n be mu* improv$ = nurs]y purposes by tile dra9+4 ,if manure is to be appli$1 x may be spread ^u ! clov]-sod be=e pl[+1 or x may be ?r[n ^u ! pl[$ gr\nd at once or at any "t dur+ ! w9t]1 to be work$ into ! soil by ! spr+ pl[+2 if compo/$1 x may be spread j be=e ! spr+ /irr+4 ,,lay+ ,,out4--,9 lay+ out ! nurs]y1 "s ta/e may be ex]cis$ by ! plant]2 ! sections & blocks %\ld be di/9ct1 & alleys %\ld be locat$ at conv5i5t di/ances1 s t all p>ts may be easily accessible ) ! wagon4 ,! r[s %\ld be laid out /raight1 & !y ought to be f> en\gh ap>t--f\r feet might be a good av]age = nurs]y trees2 cutt+s & se$l+s may1 ( c\rse1 be ne>]4 ,! trees %\ld n be set too closely 9 ! r[s1 "o foot ap>t is pl5ty close en\gh = mo/ k9ds1 & t is little en\gh room = ! developm5t ( good lat]al bran*es1 or = ^? :i* h to rema9 ?ree or f\r ye>s be=e transplant+4 ,= pea*es1 = dw>f pe>s1 & inde$ = any ( ! v>ieties t are to be tak5 f ! nurs]y z maid5 trees1 a less space may be all[$--say eight in*es ap>t4 ,apple /ocks = budd+1 or = coll> graft+1 may be set t5 in*es ap>t1 & !y w h room to make v good plants1 ev5 %\ld !y rema9 until two ye>s old4 ,mo/ nurs]ym5 set out _! apple grafts 9 ! r[s :]e !y are to be gr[n to full size1 & cultivate !m f two to ?ree ye>s2 :ile ?is saves ! tr\ble ( transplant+1 ! trees w n be z well assort$ = size1 nor w !y h ! b5efit ( ! transplant+1 7:i* w enhance _! value mu* m ?an x co/s1 9 ! improv$ "* ( _! roots71 z h ^? t h be5 treat$ on ! b$d+ plan1 practic$ by "s nurs]ym54 ,?is consi/s 9 sett+ ! root grafts closely toge!r1 9 a b$ ( v well prep>$ gr\nd2 !y are cov]$ at once ) a good mul*+ ( sawdu/1 :i* keeps ! gr\nd moi/1 & insures ! gr[? ( almo/ all ! plants1 :ile = ! fir/ season !y occupy v little space1 & are readily kept clean1 z ! mul*+ prev5ts ! gr[? ( we$s4 ,9 ! fall1 or 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 !y are tak5 up1 assort$ = size1 & re-plant$ 9 ! nurs]y-r[s :]e !y are to /&4 ,?is transplant+ improves ! "* ( _! roots1 :i* are m fibr\s & %ort] ?an 9 ^? trees :i* h /ood ?ree or f\r ye>s )\t be+ di/urb$4 ,pur*as]s1 n[-a-days1 beg9 to look at ! roots ( _! trees1 z well z ! tops2 & x may become necess>y = ! nurs]ym5 to gratify ?is fancy = l[-head$1 /ocky trees1 t h abundant fibres to insure _! gr[?1 & _! e>ly fruitfulness4 ,,culture ( ! nurs]y %\ld be ?or\gh2 ! soil %\ld be frequ5tly /irr$1 & kept mell[ & loose1 to insure cleanl9ess & ?rift9ess1 & to make h&some trees4 ,! mell[ soil ^u ! surface1 is1 by "s p]sons1 consid]$ equal to a good mul*+1 & inde$ x answ]s ! indications ( "o4 ,cultivation1 to kill ! we$s z fa/ z !y appe>1 w admit bo? air & moi/ure2 a %>e ( bo? ( ^! is reta9$ by ! mell[ e>?1 :i*1 ?us treat$1 is inde$ a v good mul*4 ,! cultivation may be done ) ! small turn+ pl[1 ) ! d\ble %ovel1 or ) any ( ! _m approv$ cultivators 9 use ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! surface %\ld be kept z level & ev5 z possible4 ,9 "s soils ! roll]1 made %ort en\gh to pass betwe5 ! r[s1 is highly e/eem$1 & is consid]$ a mo/ valuable implem5t 9 ! nurs]y4 ,z a g5]al rule1 cultivation %\ld n be cont9u$ too late 9 ! season1 b %\ld be susp5d$ ab\t mid-summ]1 s z to prev5t a late gr[? & to enc\rage ! plants to f9i% _! summ]'s "w 9 "t to rip5 _! wood ?or\ghly be=e ! adv5t ( w9t]4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly necess>y :]e ! climate is sev]e1 especially on new l&s1 :]e ! trees are v vigor\s4 ,^u ! approa* ( w9t]1 x is a good practice to pl[ a light furr[ aga9/ ! trees on ea* side2 ?is protects ! coll> f cold1 prev5ts heav+ by ! fro/1 & gives a good surface dra9age to excess ( wat]4 ,= deeply loos5+ ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s1 ! "o-horse subsoil lift+ pl[ is a v valuable in/rum5t2 ?is c be us$ 9 v n>r[ spaces4 ,?is pl[ prep>es ! gr\nd admirably = ! prong$ hoe1 & x may be us$ betwe5 r[s ( cutt+s & se$l+s4 ,,! ,,prong$ ,,hoe4--,"o ( ! mo/ valuable implem5ts 9 ! nurs]y to clean out ! we$s f betwe5 ! trees1 & also to "w among cutt+s1 & o!r plants1 t are set too closely = ! use ( ! horse1 is ! prong$ hoe2 x makes ! be/ %all[ culture1 prev5ts ! soil f becom+ h>d1 & x is ! be/ de/roy] ( small we$s t c be us$4 ,! flat hoe is nev] %>p en\gh to cut all ( ! we$s effectually1 x produces little til?1 & ! result ( its use is too (t5 a disappo9tm5t1 b half kill+ ! we$s1 9 "s places1 & dragg+ !m out by ! roots 9 o!rs1 & (t5 leav+ ! gr\nd h>d & 9 mis]able condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--,,! ,,prong$ ,,hoe4 ,,plant+ ,,cutt+s4--,"s ( ! small fruits1 z currants1 gooseb]ries1 z well z ! qu9ce1 are propagat$1 to a great ext5t1 by cutt+s4 ,! gr\nd = gr[+ !m1 %\ld be v well prep>$ by tr5*+ or tr5*-pl[+2 ! diff]5ce 9 ! gr[? betwe5 cutt+s set on well or on poorly prep>$ gr\nd is a/oni%+1 & ! advantage 9 favor ( tr5*$ l& is suffici5t to pay = ! extra exp5se be/[$ ^u ! prep>ation4 ,! soil %\ld be r s&y1 decid$ly loose & mell[1 & r moi/ ?an dry4 ,9 sett+ ! cutt+s1 ! r[s may be q close1 z horse labor is seldom employ$ among !m2 b !y are t5d$ by h&1 or ! gr\nd is mul*$4 ,!y may also be set q ?ickly 9 ! r[1 z !y are to rema9 b a %ort "t 9 ! cutt+ b$1 f :i* !y are transplant$ at "o ye> old1 ?\gh sometimes alt]nate r[s may be left ov] ano!r season4 ,:5 ! tr5* is op5$ = !m1 ! cutt+s are set1 ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t1 next ! l9e1 s t only ! top bud %all rea* ! surface2 a little mell[ soil is ?r[n ^u !m1 & !y are tramp$ firmly at ! base1 :5 ! rema9d] ( ! e>? is ?r[n 9 & ! next tr5* is op5$ = ano!r r[4 ,if !y be plant$ 9 ! autumn1 x is well to cov] !m ) a mul*1 & = ?is leaves f ! =e/ are an excell5t mat]ial4 ,"s propagators insi/ v /rongly ^u ! necessity = remov+ all ! buds f ! l[] portion ( ! cutt+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! currant & gooseb]ry1 s z to prev5t suck]+ & to gr[ ! bu% z a m9iature tree1 ) a s+le /em4 ,?is is n desirable :5 ! bu%es are liable to h ! /ems de/roy$ by ! currant bor]4 ,inde$1 ! nature ( ! currant appe>s to require a r5ewal ( ! wood by ^! %oots1 :i* come to replace ! old exhau/$ bran*es4 ,! grape is gr[n 9 imm5se quantities f cutt+s1 :i* are ei!r plant$ 9 a nurs]y1 or set at once 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,9 ! =m] !y are plant$ closely 9 r[s1 t are ab\t tw5ty in*es ap>t4 ,sometimes ! gr\nd is tr5*$1 & ! cutt+s set at ! same op]ation4 ,:5 ! fir/ tr5* is op5$ 9 a ri* mell[ loam1 :i* may be sod or clov] lea1 ! edge ( ! dug soil is dress$ to ! l9e ) ! spade1 !n ! cutt+s are plac$ s z to h "o eye at or above ! surface1 & soil is ?r[n 9 & tramp$ closely to ! base ( ! cutt+s4 ,!n ! next tr5* is made ) ! spade1 digg+ ! gr\nd z y proce$4 ,grape cutt+s are g5]ally made eighte5 or tw5ty in*es long2 & ^? :i* h a heel ( old wood are pref]r$1 & comm& a high] price4 ,! e>li] ^! are tak5 f ! v9es1 aft] ! fall ( ! leaves1 ! bett] success w att5d ! plantation2 provid$ !y are n too long expos$ to ! air4 ,fall plant+ is v desirable1 b if n !n plant$1 ! cutt+s %\ld be put into ! gr\nd & cov]$ z soon z conv5i5t1 & !y w be bett] prep>$ = spr+ plant+4 ,a deep tr5* is op5$1 into :i* ! bundles are set 9 a v]tical position1 & loose e>? fill$ 9 ab\t !m1 & slightly cov]$ ov] !m2 !y w !n be ready = plant+ by ! spr+4 ,! l5g? ( ! cutt+s has latt]ly be5 mu* r$uc$1 ) advantage2 "s ( ! mo/ successful plant]s make !m f six to eight in*es long3 ^! are mu* m easily dug ?an ! long] slips1 & are bett] provid$ ) roots4 ,,trimm+ %\ld be practic$ 9 ! nurs]y ) a def9ite object 9 view1 & n at r&om2 mu* less ) any expectation ( increas+ ! hight ( ! trees by trimm+ !m up4 ,! object 9 prun+ nurs]y trees %\ld be to develop !m 9 e "p1 to produce a /\t /ocky /urdy little tree1 "o t may be turn$ out ^u ! bleak prairie1 & be able to )/& ! bla/s4 ,to produce ?is result1 ! leaves %\ld nev] be /ripp$ f ! %oots to make !m ext5d _! gr[?1 = ! sake ( mak+ m leaves2 ! nurs]yman %\ld "k ! value ( leaves1 z con/itut+ ! great evaporat+ surface t plays a mo/ important "p 9 caus+ ! asc5t ( ! crude sap1 & also 9 its elaboration aft] x has be5 tak5 up into ! organization ( ! plant4 ,leaves %\ld be c>efully pres]v$1 & 9 ! trimm+1 :i* is necess>y1 ?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,to make vigor\s1 /ocky trees1 ! side bran*es %\ld be enc\rag$ r ?an prun$ (f4 ,! tops may sometimes ne$ to be p9*$1 to =ce out ! lat]als1 & to enc\rage _! gr[?2 if two %oots />t toge!r z rivals1 "o ( !m %\ld be topp$ or cut back1 or twi/$ & brok51 b n cut (f at its orig91 unless !re be pl5ty ( lat]al bran*es or twigs to furni% ! tree4 ,:5 ^! become too long1 !y may be spurr$-91 ei!r 9 ! fall & w9t] :5 cutt+ grafts1 or 9 ! summ]1 dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,:5ev] x becomes necess>y to trim (f any ( ^! lat]als1 x is be/ to d x at mid-summ]1 z ! heal+ ( ! w\nds made at ?is p]iod is v rapid4 ,head+ (f ! nurs]y trees is done to =ce !m to bran* out uni=mly ! second ye>1 to =m _! heads at ! "r place2 ?is is to be done t[>d spr+1 & is applicable especially to ^? v>ieties t are prone to make a s+le %oot ! fir/ ye> )\t bran*+1 & :i* h n be5 p9*$-9 or head$ dur+ ! previ\s summ] to =ce out side bran*es4 ,*]ries1 plums1 & pe>s1 & "s apples1 are v apt to make ?is k9d ( gr[?4 ,x %\ld h be5 premis$ t all nurs]y trees ought to be gr[n to "o ma9 /em1 or lead]1 f :i* all ! bran*es arise1 & to :i* !y %\ld all be made to contribute _! quota ( woody fibre4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ! wood ( a tree1 in/ead ( be+ a cone1 z its /em appe>s to be & is1 x %\ld be a column ( ne>ly equal size f ! bottom to ! top2 t is1 ! mass ( all ! bran*es tak5 toge!r1 %\ld equal ! diamet] ( ! trunk at any po9t bel[4 ,a well-gr[n /ocky nurs]y tree1 ) its abundance ( lat]al bran*es approximates ?is idea2 b ! ma9 /em ( su* an "o is v p]ceptibly a cone1 rapidly dim9i%+ 9 diamet] f ! coll> upw>ds4 ,,age ,,( ,,trees ,,= ,,plant+4--,?is dep5ds s mu* ^u ! views ( plant]s1 t ! nurs]yman _c always control ! p]iod at :i* he %all cle> a block ( trees4 ,pea*es %\ld always be remov$ at "o ye> f ! bud4 ,plums & dw>f pe>s w be ready to g (f at two ye>s f ! bud or graft2 s ) apples & *]ries4 ,b _m p]sons1 pur*as]s & sell]s1 pref] l>g] trees1 & !y recomm5d t ! trees %\ld rema9 "o1 two1 or ev5 ?ree ye>s long] 9 ! nurs]y4 ,o!rs1 a new s*ool ( plant]s1 pref] to set out ! maid5 tree1 9 mo/ ( ! species above nam$1 except "s v feebly gr[+ v>ieties1 t w sc>cely h atta9$ suffici5t size to risk 9 ! or*>d4 ,! nurs]yman %\ld bew>e ( keep+ 8 trees too long on 8 h&s2 !y may become unpr(itable /ock1 & are sure to require mu* m labor 9 ! digg+ & h&l+4 ,! pur*as] is 8 own ma/]1 & 8 ta/es & wi%es mu/ be consult$2 if he wants l>ge trees1 by all means1 let him be indulg$2 he w h to pay 9 proportion1 he w h m wood = 8 money1 m weight to c>ry1 or m transportation to pay =1 m labor 9 plant+1 & va/ly increas$ risk ( ! life ( 8 trees2 b1 let him be indulg$ ) 8 five ye> old trees1 :ile 8 neighbor1 = a small] sum inve/$1 ) less freight1 less wood1 less labor1 & inf9itely less risk1 w plant 8 maid5 trees1 & five ye>s h5ce w m>ket m fruit4 ,! risk ( transplant+ l>ge or old trees f ! nurs]y1 may be greatly dim9i%$1 & _! value w be va/ly enhanc$1 by judici\s root prun+ 9 ! nurs]y-r[4 ,?is may be done by digg+1 on ei!r side1 on alt]nate ye>s1 & cutt+ (f ! /raggl+ roots1 & p>ticul>ly ^? t run deeply2 ?is w be foll[$ by ! production ( a multitude ( fibr\s roots t put ! tree into a good condition = transplant+4 ,9 ! great nurs]ies ( ! ,we/1 !re is a peculi> pl[1 :i* is us$ = root prun+ ! nurs]y r[s4 ,,! ,,home ,,nurs]y has be5 recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,field 9 8 ,pe> ,culture z a means ( enabl+ ! or*>di/ to amuse himself1 & to gr[ 8 trees 9 su* /yle z he may pref]4 ,he advises to select trees ( two or ?ree ye>s' gr[?1 & prep>e a piece ( gr\nd = ! home nurs]y4 ,= ?is a ri*1 deep1 dry soil %\ld be spad$ & ?or\ghly pulv]iz$ to ! dep? ( two feet1 7tr5*$74 ,9 x plant ! trees 9 r[s f\r feet di/ant1 & ?ree feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,two hundr$ trees w\ld ?us occupy a space fifty feet squ>e4 ,! roots hav+ be5 c>efully exam9$1 &1 z be=e m5tion$1 ! lat]als prun$ to six or eight in*es1 are spread out horizontally1 & g5tly cov]$ ) e>?4 ,x w be se5 t ! labor ( p9*+1 prun+1 & cultivat+1 w be mu* less on s small a spot1 ?an :5 ! cultivator is oblig$ to travel ov] ?ree or f\r acres ^u :i* !y are ultimately to be plant$4 ,if at ! end ( two ye>s x is /ill desirable to all[ !m to rema91 a %>p spade %\ld be ?ru/ d[n ar\nd !m1 at a di/ance ( fifte5 or eighte5 in*es1 9 ord] to cut ! long /raggl+ roots1 & ?us induce ! =mation ( fibres ne>] home4 ,?is w fit !m = transplant+ at an advanc$ /age ( gr[?4 ,9 ?is case1 if at ! end ( two or ?ree ye>s1 !y are remov$ at ! prop] season1 & ) c>e1 !y w suff] sc>cely any *eck4 ,by pursu+ ?is plan1 !y receive bett] c>e1 gr[ fa/]1 & are n liable to damage2 & z only ! good trees w1 9 ?is case1 be set 9 ! fruit gr\nds1 none ( ^? unseemly breaks 9 ! r[s1 caus$ by ! injury or dea? ( a tree1 ne$ occur4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 old] trees1 at lea/ once transplant$1 _c be obta9$1 & x is desirable to set out ! or*>d at once1 /\t two-ye> old trees are decid$ly pref]able4 ,su* trees h n /ood suffici5tly long to s5d _! roots beyond a limit :5ce !y c be remov$2 & ) c>eful digg+1 removal & plant+1 ! pur*as] ne$ n fe> a loss ( m ?an two p] c5t4 ,,! ,,nurs]y ,,or*>d1 z practic$ by ,a4,r4 ,:itney1 ( ,lee ,co41 ,ill41 n[ "o ( ! l>ge/ or*>di/s ( ! c\ntry1 is well wor?y ( imitation by all ^? nurs]ym51 :o desire also to become fruit-gr[]s4 ,9 lay+ (f ! blocks ( nurs]y /ock1 ! v>ieties t are want$ = ! or*>d1 %\ld be plant$ 9 su* a mann]1 t !y %all be 9 e f\r? r[1 s t ! or*>d trees w /& 9 r[s sixte5 to tw5ty feet ap>t1 accord+ z ! nurs]y-r[s are f\r or five feet wide4 ,9 cultivat+ & trimm+ ^! r[s 9 ! nurs]y1 a plant is select$1 e twelve or sixte5 feet1 :i* is to rema9 z ! or*>d tree :5 ! block %all be cle>$4 ,a good tree is select$1 & special c>e 9 ! prun+ is be/[$ ^u x to secure ! desir$ =m1 & l[ bran*es2 if necess>y1 ! tree on ei!r side ( x is remov$1 to give x room4 ,by ! "t ! block is cle>$1 ^! or*>d trees are (t5 9 be>+1 & :ile 8 cu/om]s are /ruggl+ to save _! trees1 & nurs+ !m aft] _! transplant+1 ! nurs]yman w h become an or*>di/1 & is enjoy+ 8 fruits4 ,! nurs]y w h become an or*>d--"o r closely plant$ to be sure--b ! trees c be dw>f$ by root prun+ ) ! pl[1 !y %elt] "o ano!r f ! prairie bla/s1 & :5 too ?ick1 alt]nate trees may be remov$ to ! wood-pile1 & ?us *e] ! own] on a w9t]'s day4 ,,w9t]-,,kill+ is a s]i\s evil 9 ! nurs]y1 z by x :ole r[s & blocks ( c]ta9 v>ieties are sometimes de/roy$1 or v s]i\sly injur$4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ to be mo/ m>k$ 9 its effects ^u ^? sorts ( trees t make ! mo/ vigor\s & sappy gr[?1 & ^? :i* cont9ue to gr[ late 9 ! season4 ,su* v>ieties h v naturally acquir$ ! epi!t ( t5d] especially z or*>d trees ( ! same k9ds1 ev5 9 a be>+ /ate1 h be5 simil>ly affect$2 9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry1 ^! k9ds h be5 ?r[n out ( cultivation4 ,! b>k looks %rivel$ & )]$1 ! twigs seem dry :5 cut1 & resi/ ! knife2 :5 ?aw$ by ! fire1 or on ! return ( spr+ wea!r1 ! b>k seems loose1 & ! inn] b>k1 in/ead ( be+ gre5i%-:ite1 becomes br[n1 & ! :ole tree looks z ?\gh x 0 dead4 ,9 old trees1 l>ge portions ( ! b>k />t f ! /em & l>ge limbs1 & hang loosely = a:ile & !n fall (f4 ,! buds alone reta9 _! vitality1 & ^u ! return ( spr+ !y sometimes succe$ 9 e/abli%+ ! necess>y connection ) ! soil1 & re/ore ! circulation ( ! sap2 ! results are ! deposit ( ! usual annul> lay] ( woody matt]1 :i* encases ! dead portions )91 t become l a seque/rum ( dead bone 9 an animal4 ,! be/ treatm5t = ! trees t h be5 w9t]-kill$1 is to cut !m back v sev]ely1 9 ! hope ( produc+ a vigor\s wood-gr[? ! next season1 to repair ! injury4 ,a p>tial w9t]-kill+ (t5 affects small nurs]y trees1 especially on l[ & wet1 undra9$ soils2 ! plants recov]1 b = ye>s !y h a black po9t 9 ! he>t :i* embraces all ( ! wood-gr[? t 0 affect$--all _! wood at ! p]iod ( ! disa/]4 ,?is is enclos$ & surr\nd$ by cle>1 heal?y wood2 b su* trees are n desirable1 !y are s fragile1 z to be easily brok54 ,! be/ prev5tive = w9t]-kill+ 9 ! nurs]y1 is to enc\rage e>ly rip5+ ( ! wood1 & to dra9 ! l&1 is "o ( ! be/ means ( produc+ ?is effect2 ano!r is ! cessation ( culture at mid-summ]1 & ! s[+ ( oats v ?ick at ! la/ cultivation1 has be5 practic$1 &1 x is ?\ght1 ) excell5t effects4 ,! rank gr[? absorbs ! sup]flu\s moi/ure1 robb+ ! trees1 & aft]w>ds =ms a good protective mul* dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! objections to x are1 t x enc\rages ! mice1 :i*1 by girdl+ ! trees1 effectually w9t]-kills !m4 ,_m nurs]y & or*>d trees (t5 pres5t a black discoloration ( ! b>k1 :i* is q unsightly1 & excites al>m = ! heal? ( ! tree4 ,?is is (t5 caus$ by trimm+ at unfavorable p]iods2 9 ! spr+ prun+ ( be>+ trees1 ! l>ge /umps sometimes ble$1 b 9 ! nurs]y trees x arises f cutt+ !m1 & especially 9 ! b>b>\s trimm+ up1 dur+ sev]ely cold wea!r1 :5 !y are froz54 ,,injuri\s ,,animals ,,& ,,insects4--,! nurs]yman sometimes suff]s f ! depr$ations ( "s ( ! small] animals1 :i* cause him great annoyance4 ,! mole1 ?\gh highly recomm5d$ by ! naturali/s z a h>mless bea/1 :o is an aid to horticulture by 8 insectivor\s habits1 is nev]!less injuri\s 9 8 ways2 = he (t5 makes 8 run 9 ! se$ b$1 or along a r[ ( root grafts1 & rais+ !m f _! /ations break _! t5d] rootlets1 :5 ! sun & air soon de/roy !m4 ,mice1 ( diff]5t k9ds1 are /ill m de/ructive1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! w9t]1 :5 !y w (t5 girdle "y trees ne> ! coll>1 & d mu* mis*ief4 ,!y also dev\r _m se$s aft] !y h be5 committ$ to ! gr\nd1 p>ticul>ly ^? s[n 9 ! autumn4 ,= bo? ( ^! animals1 ! be/ prev5tive is to cat* !m1 :i* may be done ) traps4 ,!y may also be poison$4 ,! "y trees may be protect$ f ! mice by keep+ !m cle> ( rubbi%1 t w\ld %elt] ^! animals1 & :5 sn[ falls1 x %\ld be trodd5 d[n closely ab\t ! trees4 ,owls & cats w d _! %>e 9 ! de/ruction also1 b !y w also take ! fri5dly little birds4 ,rabbits are also v apt to bite (f "y %oots1 & to b>k trees ( l>g] gr[? 9 ! nurs]y1 z well z ^? t h be5 set out 9 ! or*>d4 ,v>i\s me?ods h be5 sugge/$ to prev5t _! injuries4 ,wrapp+ ! /ems ) /rips ( rags or ) ropes ( hay1 0 =m]ly ! me?od practic$ by ^? :o wi%$ to save _! "y trees2 ! process is t$i\s & tr\blesome4 ,a few pieces ( corn-/alk h be5 plac$ by ! /em ( ! tree & ti$ to x2 ?is1 too1 is a tr\blesome proc$ure1 ?\gh1 l ! o!rs1 x is efficaci\s4 ,a /ill bett] plan 9 ?is class ( prev5tives1 is a half %eet ( common br[n wrapp+ pap]1 made to encircle ! /em1 l an inv]t$ funnel2 ?is ne$ be fa/5$ only at ! top1 by a little ?9 graft+ wax appli$ ) a bru% at ! in/ant1 or ! pap] may be ti$ ) "s common :ite cotton /r+4 ,?is envelope keeps (f ! rabbits1 & la/s ?r\gh ! w9t]2 ! /r+ w decay be=e ! gr[+ season returns1 s !re is no dang] ( /rangulation4 ,all ! o!r wrapp+s mu/ be remov$1 or !y w injure ! trees & af=d h>bor = insects4 ,x w be obs]v$ t all applications ( ?is class1 are adapt$ only to trees t h a clean hole )\t bran*es1 b are n suit$ = ^? :i* are made to bran* at or ne> ! gr\nd4 ,besides1 9 c\ntries :]e sn[ ab\nds1 ^! little m>aud]s are elevat$ above ! wrapp+s1 & h fair play at ! unprotect$ p>ts ( ! tree--on ?is acc\nt ano!r class ( prev5tives has be5 adopt$4 ,^! consi/ 9 applications t are obnoxi\s to rabbits1 :i*1 be+ nice fe$]s1 are easily disgu/$4 ,:ite-wa%1 & :ite-wa% made ) tobacco wat]1 soap1 :ale-oil soap1 grease1 blood1 & especially ! dead rabbit itself1 fre%ly kill$1 h all be5 us$ ) happy results1 9 t !y h driv5 ^! animals to seek _! food else:]e4 ,a v good application1 & "o t may be us$ ^u a l[-bran*$ tree z well z to ! smoo? cle> /em ( "o t is high]1 is blood4 ,?is is put on ) a swab2 a few corn husks ti$ to a /ick1 answ]s v well4 ,dipp+ ?is into ! vessel ( blood1 ! swab is /ruck g5tly aga9/ ! /em or ! bran*es1 z ! case may be1 & ! fluid is spatt]$ ov] x4 ,a v little w answ] to keep ! rabbits away1 & ! effect w cont9ue all w9t]1 not)/&+ ! ra9s4 ,c]ta9 insects also prove injuri\s 9 ! nurs]y1 among ^! ! mo/ num]\s are ! aphides1 :i* are f\nd ^u ! roots ( "s fruit trees1 especially ! apple4 ,o!rs ( ?is disagreeable insect appe> ^u ! foliage1 among ^! "o ( ! mo/ disgu/+ is ! "o :i* causes ! black curl1 on "y *]ry trees4 ,! pe> tree slug1 7,sel&ria c]asi71 de/roys ! foliage ( _m "y trees 9 ! nurs]y2 cat]pill>s also d _! %>e ( mis*ief4 ,a s]i\s tr\ble 9 old nurs]y gr\nds1 especially :]e manure is us$1 is ! grub ( ! ,may beetles1 ( :i* !re are sev]al species4 ,^! grubs are :iti%1 ne>ly z ?ick z ! little f+]1 ) a br[ni% head4 ,!y cut (f ! "y nurs]y trees at ?ree or f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,we h se5 two-ye> old /ocks cut 9 ?is mann]1 & ! "w ( de/ruction 0 s complete1 t ! proprietor ( ! nurs]y 0 a long "t 9 attribut+ x to su* an app>5tly inadequate cause z ?is sluggi%1 s(t-bodi$ grub4 ,all ( ^!1 ) o!r insects injuri\s to fruit1 w be consid]$ 9 _! appropriate place4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,! ,plant1 a ,biography3 ,m4,j4 ,s*leid51 p4 #fh4 #ac ,because x _h no root1 x )]$ away4 ,mat4 #ac1 #f4 #ad ,du ,breuil1 ,culture ( ,fruit ,trees2 ,engli% ,translation4 #ae ,a4,r4 ,:itney1 ,frankl9 ,grove ,nurs]ies1 ,lee ,co41 ,ill4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,dw>f+4 ,,def9ition ,,(4 ,,objects4 ,,e>ly ,,fruitage4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,t]ms4 ,,dw>f+ ,,/ocks4 ,,o!r ,,means ,,( ,,dw>f+4 ,,dw>fs ,,& ,,/&>ds4 ,,pyramids ,,or ,,conical4 ,,espali]s4 ,,lay+ ,,b>e ,,! ,,ma9 ,,roots ,,9 ,,summ]1 ,,to ,,dim9i% ,,! ,,vigor ,,( ,,! ,,trees4 ,,remov+ ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,!m4 ,,root-,,prun+4 ,,transplant+4 ,,european ,,espali]s ,,& ,,wall ,,fruits4 ,,du ,,breuil',s ,,cordons4 ,,cr[d+1 ,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,dw>f+4 ,,p9*+1 ,,twi/+1 ,,& ,,fracture4 ,,field',s ,,pe> ,,h$ges4 ,,our ,,climate ,,does ,,n ,,require ,,^! ,,means ,,( ,,torture4 ,,facility ,,( ,,protection ,,may ,,r5d] ,,!m ,,desirable4 ,,g5]al ,,introduction ,,( ,,qu9ce-,,dw>f$ ,,pe>s ,,9 ,,?is ,,c\ntry4 ,,_m ,,failures4 ,,success ,,dep5ds ,,^u ,,c>e4 ,,fr5* ,,success4 ,,*9ese4 ,,uncong5ial ,,/ocks4 ,,imp]fect ,,union4 ,,p9*+4 ,,highe/ ,,p]fection ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,horticulture4 ,,equalize ,,! ,,fl[ ,,( ,,sap4 ,,naturally ,,fl[s ,,to ,,high] ,,p>ts ,,at ,,exp5se ,,( ,,l[]1 ,,may ,,be ,,regulat$ ,,by ,,trimm+4 ,,by ,,disbudd+4 ,,b5d+ ,,d[n4 ,,p9*+ ,,! ,,/rong]1 ,,& ,,enc\rag+ ,,! ,,weak]4 ,,illu/ration ,,9 ,,! ,,/rawb]ry4 ,,dw>f+ ,,! ,,apple4 ,,p>adise ,,/ock4 ,,! ,,d\c92 ,,unfit ,,= ,,or*>ds4 ,,root-,,prun+4 ,,h[ ,,x ,,op]ates4 ,,"t ,,to ,,beg94 ,,h[ ,,to ,,be ,,pursu$4 ,,season ,,=4 ,,exp5se4 ,,root-,,prun+ ,,pl[4 ,dw>f+ consi/s 9 s controll+ ! gr[? ( plants z to r$uce ! natural size ( any ( our fruit trees1 & br+ !m )9 comp>atively n>r[ b\nds4 ,! objects ( dw>f+ are to enable u to plant a l>ge numb] ( specim5 trees1 or ( v>ieties ^u a small piece ( gr\nd1 or to h small trees beside ! alleys ( our g>d5s4 ,su* plants are also well adapt$ = gr[+ 9 pots1 or 9 ! bord]s ( an or*>d-h\se4 ,x is claim$ = dw>f$ trees1 t !y are m prolific ?an ^? :i* are work$ on free /ocks1 :i* are (t5 errone\sly call$ /&>ds1 & x is also ass]t$ t ^! dw>f$ trees w be> soon] & produce f9] & l>g] fruit4 ,! t]ms us$ may z well be expla9$ at once4 ,:5 we speak ( dw>f+ /ocks1 we mean su* z are s uncong5ial z to *eck ! wood-gr[?2 & ?us1 :ile produc+ small] trees1 !y h a t5d5cy to e>ly fruitfulness if prop]ly manag$4 ,b ?is condition may be sup]9duc$ by o!r means ?an ^!4 ,h5ce 9 speak+ ( dw>f pe> trees1 x does n foll[ t !y h be5 work$ on ! qu9ce or o!r uncong5ial /ock4 ,a dw>f tree1 ( :atev] k9d1 is simply "o t has be5 caus$ to assume dim9utive proportions4 ,dw>f+ /ocks are contra/$ ) free /ocks1 or ^? :i* w\ld h atta9$ ! full size ( ! species1 & :i*1 :5 graft$1 produce l>ge trees4 ,^! are (t5 mis-call$ /&>ds1 :5 contra/$ ) ^? t h be5 work$ on ! qu9ce1 or o!r dw>f+ /ock4 ,:]eas1 ! trees propagat$ on free /ocks1 may also be dw>f$1 by means t w be pres5tly detail$2 & ! t]m /&>d ref]s really to ! mode 9 :i* ! tra9+ ( ! specim5s has be5 p]=m$4 ,^? :i* are trimm$ up z or*>d trees are usually treat$ z /&>ds1 & are said to be trimm$ to /&>d hight4 ,^? bran*+ at a l[] po9t are call$ half /&>ds4 ,^? :i* are bran*$ s l[ z to conceal ! /em ( ! tree1 & 9 :i* ! limbs are s well manag$ t ! l[] ones are always ! longe/1 & ^? above !m gradually contract$ to ! po9t at ! top1 are call$ pyramids1 or m prop]ly conical trees4 ,:e!r dw>f$ or n1 trees may be tra9$ 9 a v>iety ( =ms1 su* z ! column>1 sometimes call$ ! qu5\ille2 ! vase or goblet =m may be giv5 !m1 or ! p>asol %ape1 & !y may be made to assume ! =m ( a fan or o!r mode ( ext5sion lat]ally1 :5 tra9$ ^u a wall or espali] frame1 z may be se5 9 ! illu/rations giv5 by ,du ,breuil2 b x is seldom t our g>d5]s are will+ to be/[ ! c>e & att5tion necess>y to produce ^! results4 ,! v]tical & oblique cordons repres5t$ & recomm5d$ by ,du ,breuil are v attractive1 & admirable me?ods ( tra9+ & dw>f+ fruit trees1 & ( cr[d+ a great _m into a small space4 ,8 me?od ( mak+ an edg+ to ! fruit-bord] ) dw>f apples1 in>*$ toge!r s z to =m a connect$ tree = its :ole l5g?1 is a capital illu/ration ( ! control we may ex]cise ^u vegetation4 ,/&>ds & pyramids are (t5 tra9$ z weep+ trees1 = ! sake ( gratify+ ! fancy ( ! cultivator1 & ) a view ( br++ on t e>ly productiv5ess :i* results f ! *eck ( ! upw>d curr5t ( sap t is incid5t to su* a mode ( treatm5t4 ,?is is really a k9d ( dw>f+ s f> z x goes1 & if comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! life ( ! tree1 x may become v effective1 especially :5 comb9$ ) o!r means ( r$uc+ ! gr[?4 ,^! are =m$ by ar*+ ! bran*es1 ty+ _! tips to a r+ ( wire or hoop secur$ ne> ! gr\nd1 or simply by fa/5+ weights to !m suffici5t to keep !m 9 ! desir$ position1 & by ty+ ! upp] limbs to ! l[] ones4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! sap fl[s mo/ readily t[>d ! %oots t occupy a v]tical l9e2 x w be se5 t its asc5t w be s]i\sly ret>d$ 9 ^? t are b5t1 & _! vigor w be dim9i%$1 & fruit-be>+ w be promot$4 ,?is process mu/ n be cont9u$ too p]sev]+ly1 le/ ! tree become exhau/$ by ov]-production4 ,du ,breuil recomm5ds lay+ b>e ! pr9cipal roots ( ! tree 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 s z to expose !m = ! mo/ ( _! l5g?1 & leav+ !m 9 ?is condition dur+ ! summ]4 ,?is exposure ( roots to ! sun & air dim9i%es ! vigor ( ! tree1 & h5ce x t5ds to ! production ( fruit4 ,he also recomm5ds ! removal ( a "p ( ! roots 9 ! spr+1 & replac+ ! e>?2 consid]+ ?is a m en]getic op]ation ?an ! prec$+1 he advises caution1 le/ we injure ! tree4 ,?is is simply root-prun+1 a plan t has be5 pretty ?or\ghly te/$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e1 p]haps1 its b5eficial effects are m ne$$ ?an 9 any o!r1 & :]e we %all ev5 f9d x advantage\s to h rec\rse to me*anical means = its p]=mance 9 l>ge or*>ds by horse-p[]1 z w be set =? 9 ano!r place4 ,a v successful me?od ( obta9+ ! desir$ effect ( dw>f+1 :i* is e>ly & abundant fruit+1 consi/s 9 transplant+ ! trees 9 ! autumn2 ?is %\ld be done v c>efully1 s z to pres]ve ! roots f mutilation z mu* z possible4 ,! effect ( ?is w be to *eck ! wood-gr[? ! ensu+ summ]1 & fruit-buds w be =m$1 = x is well kn[n t ^! two opposite conditions ( plant life are complem5t>y ! "o to ! o!r1 & :ile we always desire to see !m bo? proce$+ toge!r 9 a heal?y tree1 ! wood-gr[? mu/ h be5 mod]at$ be=e we c expect to receive any fruit4 ,! ,fr5* & ,engli% excel u 9 tra9+ ^u walls & espali]s1 & we may will+ly yield !m ! palm2 s9ce1 9 ?is c\ntry1 x is r>ely necess>y to incur s great exp5se = ! production ( good fruits1 & z a means ( dw>f+ our trees1 x is m exp5sive & requires m skill1 c>e1 & wat*fulness1 ?an o!r me?ods ( produc+ ?is effect4 ,espali] tra9+1 h[ev]1 af=ds ! mo/ beautiful opportunity = ! illu/ration ( _m ( ! important pr9ciples ( vegetable physiology1 b x %\ld nev] be und]tak5 by any "o :o is n famili> ) ^!1 & at ! same "t will+ to ex]cise great pati5ce & p]sev]ance 9 _! application to ! subjects "u 8 control4 ,no bl9d pursuance ( ! ab/ract rules ( ! art c enable ! m]e r\t9e g>d5] to become a successful gr[] ( espali] trees4 ,! modes ( tra9+ are v>i\s1 to suit ! :ims & necessities ( ! arti/4 ,trees are fa/5$ directly to ! walls1 or to trellises ( wood or ( iron1 t are plac$ at a little di/ance f ! masonry1 or !y may be entirely indep5d5t ( any su* /ructures1 & expos$ to ! air & light freely on bo? sides4 ,! trellises may be ei!r v]tical1 or incl9$4 ,! limbs may be made to issue ne>ly opposite to "o ano!r1 & be tra9$ horizontally 9 two directions1 ) successive /ages to ! top ( ! wall or trellis1 or !y may be tra9$ 9 a fan %ape1 ) v>i\s modifications ( :at ,m4 ,du ,breuil calls ! palmette =m4 ,& a simple modification ( ?is me?od ( dw>f+ may be made ) "s v>ieties ( fruit1 by tra9+ a s+le /em horizontally )9 a foot ( ! gr\nd1 z a bord] or edg+ betwe5 ! pa?-ways & ! cultivat$ gr\nd4 ,! favorite me?od ( tra9+ 9 ,france1 at ! pres5t day1 appe>s to be t call$ ! cordon4 ,?is may be ei!r ! v]tical or incl9$4 ,9 ?is k9d ( espali]1 ! trees are dw>f$ by cr[d+ !m closely toge!r1 & by successive p9*+ & o!r mutilation1 su* z b5d+ & ev5 break+ ! %oots1 :i* results 9 e>ly productiv5ess4 ,! trees are plant$ sixte5 in*es ap>t1 & are tra9$ to s+le /ems1 & s treat$ z to be furni%$ ) ! requisite numb] ( fruit-spurs on _! :ole ext5t4 ,?is is q a new application ( pr9ciples1 & "o :i* is rudely imitat$ by ,mr4 ,field's pe> h$ges1 :i*1 h[ev]1 be> b little resemblance to ! elegant cordons ( ,du ,breuil beyond t ( dw>f+ by cr[d+ & p9*+4 ,we are told t among ! _m advantages ( ?is me?od1 are ! dim9i%$ "t requir$ to cov] a wall or trellis ) fruit1 & ! great] facility ( replac+ a dead or defective tree1 :i*1 9 ! usual espali] me?ods1 is a v s]i\s matt]1 requir+ sev]al ye>s = its re/oration & ! production ( a crop4 ,we are s bless$1 9 mo/ p>ts ( ?is c\ntry1 ) soil & climate t are well adapt$ to ! production ( fruit 9 ! op5 field1 ^u /urdy or*>d trees1 t !re is less necessity = introduc+ ^! elegant me?ods ( pursu+ ! f9e art ( horticulture2 & yet !re are reasons 9 ! unc]ta9 climate ( our w9t]s1 :y ^! plans ( tra9+ & dw>f+ %\ld be pursu$ by ^? :o h ! tal5t & ! means = do+ x4 ,until )9 a few ye>s1 !re 7 n _m dw>f$ pe> or apple trees 9 ?is c\ntry1 & !y 7 conf9$ *iefly to ,fr5* g>d5s & to ! e/abli%m5ts ( ! weal?y4 ,b s9ce _! m g5]al introduction1 imm5se numb]s h be5 propagat$ & plant$1 & ext5sive or*>ds1 p>ticul>ly ( dw>f$ pe>s1 h be5 set out ) a view to pr(it4 ,"s ( ^! h be5 em95tly successful1 o!rs are failures2 ! results w v mu* dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( c>e :i* may be be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! ,fr5* h long practic$ ! dw>f+ ( c]ta9 v>ieties ( fruits1 & h be5 v successful 9 _! results2 b t wond]ful p1 ! ,*9ese1 excel all o!rs 9 ?is bran* ( horticulture1 = :i* !y display a rem>kable tal5t4 ,,dw>f+ ,,by ,,uncong5ial ,,/ocks4--,! usual mode1 :i* is lit]ally a p>tial />vation ( ! tree by limit+ ! supplies ( crude sap1 consi/s 9 ! use ( uncong5ial & dw>f-gr[+ /ocks1 ^u :i* ! desir$ v>ieties are budd$ or graft$4 ,^! are1 = ! dw>f$ pe>1 ei!r ,qu9ces1 ,?orns1 ! ,m\nta9 ,a%1 or ! ,amelan*i]s2 = ! apple1 ! ,p>adise & ! ,d\c9 v>ieties ( apple /ocks2 = ! pea* & plum1 ! ,*ickasas1 or o!r dw>f plum /ock may be us$4 ,! free-gr[+ *]ries are work$ on ! ,mahaleb or ! ,morello v>ieties2 b x mu/ be confess$1 t "s ( ^! d n produce a p]fect dw>f )\t o!r treatm5t4 ,to produce a dw>f by graft+ on an uncong5ial /ock1 ?is %\ld be s uncong5ial z to =m an imp]fect union1 :i* *ecks ! d[nw>d circulation2 ! sap t has be5 elaborat$ by ! organs ( ! scion is ?us kept above ! junction ( ! two woods1 &1 be+ s *eck$1 ! result is ! e>ly =mation ( fruit-buds1 & a premature fruitage ( ! trees results 9 a direct proportion to ! incomplet5ess ( ! union ( scion & /ock4 ,?is is (t5 s v imp]fect z to be v easily ruptur$1 ! grafts are (t5 brok5 out by a v small =ce be+ appli$ to !m1 sometimes ev5 ! weight ( ! fruit is suffici5t to effect a sep>ation1 & an exam9ation ( ! rupture w %[ h[ v slight or imp]fect ! union betwe5 ! p>ts has be52 9 o!r cases1 h[ev]1 x is difficult to trace ! fibres ( wood-gr[? t belong respectively to ! /ock & to ! scion1 ev5 :5 ^! h be5 s diff]5t z pe> & qu9ce1 or plum & pea*4 ,x is also consid]$ desirable t ! roots ( ! /ock %\ld be small & fibr\s1 & n long1 nak$1 & /raggl+2 ! =m] w furni% ! crude sap 9 m limit$ am\nts1 & are less likely to produce an excessively rampant or luxuri\s gr[? 9 ! scion4 ,_m p]sons h be5 disappo9t$ 9 ! ,mahaleb *]ry1 :i* has be5 reput$ to be a dw>f+ /ock4 ,x is f\nd1 t )\t ! application ( o!r means1 ! s-call$ dw>f$ *]ries gr[ z freely1 at lea/ 9 _! e>ly ye>s1 z ^? work$ on ! free /ock1 kn[n z ! ,mazz>d *]ry4 ,!y w nev] make su* l>ge trees1 h[ev]1 & ^? :o w\ld enjoy dw>f *]ry trees1 %\ld comb9e ! diff]5t me?ods ( produc+ ! result4 ,,by ,,p9*+4--,!re are o!r means ( produc+ ! desir$ effects ( dw>f+ & e>ly fruit+1 :i* %\ld be m5tion$4 ,^! consi/ 9 sy/ematic ef=ts to curtail ! developm5t ( ! wood-gr[?1 by judici\s p9*+1 ( ! tips or po9ts ( ! bran*es1 & to prev5t ! rambl+ ( ! roots by root-prun+4 ,^! x is design$ n[ to exam9e4 ,p9*+ is practic$ 9 ! gre5-h\se ) ! happie/ effects1 & x results 9 ! production ( ! mo/ p]fect =m ( ! plants1 & mo/ abundant display ( fl[]s4 ,! con/ant *eck :i* is ?us giv5 to ! wood sy/em1 causes ! sap to seek new outlets1 & in/ead ( ! "o limb into :i* x _h be5 fl[+1 & caus+ x to be develop$2 its fl[ is n[ direct$ to ! o!r buds along its c\rse1 :i* pres5tly bur/ out into lat]al gr[?s1 none ( :i* are s /rong z ! fir/1 & ^! are induc$ to *ange ! "* ( ! buds s z to result 9 ! production ( fl[]s & fruit4 ,?is sy/em appli$ to fruit-trees has be5 mo/ ?or\ghly c>ri$ out by ! ,fr5*1 & is admirably describ$ & illu/rat$ by ,du ,breuil1 9 a "w call$ ,sci5tific ,culture ( ,fruit ,trees1 & reproduc$ 9 our own language by ,wm4 ,w>dle1 an ,engli% g>d5] & or*>di/ ( high reputation4 ,x is n to be expect$ t 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e fruits are s easily produc$1 we %all soon rea* su* a po9t ( horticultural practice z to lead u to ! adoption ( ! ,european sy/em ( walls & espali] tra9+1 b we %all d well to wat* ! application ( ! v important pr9ciples involv$ 9 _! practice1 s9ce ^! may be appli$ to our or*>ds ) manife/ advantage4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! =m & managem5t ( tra9$ trees1 x is e/abli%$ z an axiom t _! p]man5cy is dep5d5t ^u an equal diffusion ( ! sap be+ kept up ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( _! bran*es4 ,?is occurs naturally 9 all trees1 because !y develop !mselves 9 ! =ms natural to !m1 b 9 our g>d5s & or*>ds we make our trees assume unnatural =ms4 ,! sap fl[s to ! highe/ p>ts by a law :i* is well kn[n1 ?\gh n s well und]/ood2 z a consequ5ce1 ! l[] bran*es d n receive _! ne$$ supplies1 & be+ smo!r$ by ^? above !m1 !y ev5tually die & decay1 leav+ a nak$ /em support+ a top1 or ! common =m ( ! natural tree4 ,to ma9ta9 ! %ape we desire--be ?is ! pyramid1 ! vase1 or ! espali] ( :atev] k9d--c]ta9 op]ations mu/ be p]=m$ f "t to "t1 z ! conditions ( ! tree may indicate4 ,among ^!1 ,du ,breuil advises to prune ! /rong bran*es %ort & all[ ! weak] ones to gr[ long1 & ?us to re/ore ! balance4 ,?is may be done at ! spr+ prun+1 & also at any "t dur+ ! gr[+ season1 :5 x may be necess>y to *eck excessive gr[? at any "o po9t3 & ^u ?is pr9ciple dep5ds "s ( ! mo/ important practice ( ! summ] prun+ ( our v9ey>ds4 ,! sap fl[s t[>ds ! leaves1 & by remov+ !m f "o "p1 & leav+ a prepond]ance ^u ano!r1 we *ange ! direction ( its fl[4 ,z ! /ronge/ fl[ is t[>d ^? p>ts t are 9 a v]tical direction1 we may also *eck ?is t5d5cy1 or enc\rage x1 by alt]+ ! position ( ! bran*1 z is done 9 ! v9ey>d by ty+ up ! canes we wi% to h develop$1 & depress+ ! lat]als ) _! fruit2 s 9 a tree1 we may depress ! %oots :i* are too /rong1 & elevate ^? t are weak1 to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,we may also greatly dim9i% ! fl[ ( sap to a /rong bran* by remov+ e>ly all its useless buds2 ?is is a sort ( premature p9*+ to be sure1 b :5 we consid] ! p[]ful influ5ce ex]t$ by ^! organs z c5t]s ( vitality1 we c realize _! attractive =ce 9 draw+ ! sap t[>ds !m4 ,aft] ! production ( ! full numb] ( %oots ^u ! weak] bran*1 if ! foliage cont9ue to pr$om9ate ^u ! /rong] %oot1 x may be p>tially remov$ by e>ly p9*+1 or cutt+ ?r\gh ! petioles1 n by te>+ !m (f2 & z late z possible1 remove ! surplus & useless %oots f ! weak] bran*es1 :i* 7 at fir/ ne$$ to enc\rage ! fl[ ( sap 9 t direction4 ,! true p9*+ ( ! "y lat]als1 or new %oots1 %\ld also be done z e>ly z possible to keep !m 9 *eck on ! /rong bran*es1 :ile ! same op]ation may be delay$ on ! weak]1 f :i* we %\ld remove only ^? t w be sup]num]>ies4 ,m4 ,du ,breuil also recomm5ds ! /imulation ( ! weak] limbs1 by ba?+ all ! gre5 portions ) a solution ( sulphate ( iron1 made by dissolv+ tw5ty-f\r gra9s 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,?is %\ld be appli$ 9 ! ev5+1 :5 x is absorb$ by ! leaves1 & acts z a p[]ful /imulant4 ,x is a well e/abli%$ pr9ciple1 t ! *ief gr[? by ext5sion w be made by ! t]m9al bud1 & ?is %\ld ei!r be remov$ by cutt+ back1 or left ^u ! limb1 accord+ z we desire to gr[ our wood2 if ext5sion ( ! %oot be our lead+ object1 all ! lat]al buds mu/ be subord9at$4 ,s also1 x is well kn[n1 t all circum/ances1 :i* ret>d ! circulation1 are foll[$ by a dim9ution ( ! wood-gr[?1 & by ! developm5t ( fl[] buds4 ,! culture ( ! /rawb]ry af=ds "o ( ! be/ illu/rations ( ! b5efits & effects ( p9*+4 ,! runn]s ( ?is plant may be view$ 9 ! light ( wood-gr[?1 or ! increase ( ! plant by ext5sion2 ev5 ?\gh ^! sl5d] ?reads are n p]man5t1 & !y only s]ve to convey a bud to a di/ance f ! p>5t plant1 & place x "u favorable circum/ances = ! =mation ( a natural lay]4 ,!y are b annual productions1 & h5ce !re is no consid]able deposit ( woody matt]1 z 9 ! limbs ( trees1 b !y are ?r[n out f ! p>5t plant j l woody bran*es1 & are s mu* sub/ance )drawn f x1 :i*1 if reta9$ or ?r[n back ^u ! plant1 w\ld h result$ 9 an enl>gem5t ( ! ma9 /em ( ! /rawb]ry plant1 & 9 ! developm5t ( buds ^u ! cr[n1 :i* become /or$ ) ! prop] juices t result 9 ! production ( m abundant blossom buds4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 is s admirable an illu/ration ( ?is important elem5t 9 ! managem5t ( p]man5t & woody fruit-trees1 t we may well look at an h]bace\s plant1 be x ev5 s humble an individual z ! pro/rate e>?-b]ry1 z our ance/ors call$ ! delici\s ,frag>ia4 ,,dw>f+ ,,! ,,apple ,apples are g5]ally dw>f$ by work+ !m ^u ! ,fr5* ,p>adise /ock1 :i* is a v dim9utive tree or bu%1 seldom ris+ m ?an a few feet high4 ,?is is ! true /ock = ^? :o wi% to indulge 9 ! luxury ( dw>f apple trees4 ,su* are v appropriate = ! small g>d51 or = ! specim5 gr\nds ( a nurs]y e/abli%m5t1 & !y sometimes make beautiful objects 9 ! lawn or among ! %rubb]y1 b !y are :olly unsuit$ = or*>d plant+1 z _m a poor delud$ pur*as] has f\nd out to 8 sorr[1 a few ye>s aft] hav+ be5 beguil$ by ! smoo?-spok5 tree p$dl]s1 :o h sold _m ?\s&s ?r\gh ! c\ntry to f>m]s to plant z or*>d trees4 ,!re is a m vigor\s /ock :i* has be5 us$ = ! same purpose1 b x possesses mu* less dw>f+ p[]4 ,x is call$ ! ,d\c91 or ,engli% dw>f+ /ock4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ex]ts s little ( ! dw>f+ influ5ce1 t at ! end ( eight or t5 ye>s ! trees are g5]ally ab\t z l>ge z ^? work$ ^u free /ocks2 b x happ5s un=tunately t e>ly fruitage1 ! great object ( dw>f+1 is n atta9$ by _! use1 = !y w n h produc$ any m fruit ?an ! common trees simil>ly treat$4 ,,by ,,root ,,prun+4--,among ! _m valuable h9ts :i* horticulturi/s h receiv$1 ) ! beautiful fl[]+ & o!r plants1 f our antipodes 9 ! ,fl[]y ,l&1 none has be5 ( great] value ?an ! practice ( root-prun+4 ,9 ?is art ( dw>f+ ev5 ! l>ge =e/ trees by mutilations ( ! roots & by o!r means1 ?is curi\s p excel all o!rs1 z has frequ5tly be5 /at$4 ,9 ,europe1 & 9 ?is c\ntry also1 root-prun+ has be5 ext5sively practic$ ) ! effect ( p>tially dw>f+ ! trees1 b m especially ) ! object ( induc+ prematurely ! fruitfulness we s mu* desire1 & :i* is a natural result ( ! dim9i%$ supplies ( crude sap furni%$ by ! contract$ roots ( a tree t has be5 treat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! balance betwe5 ! wood-gr[? by ext5sion1 & t :i* results 9 fruitful spurs is soon] e/abli%$1 & ! sap is direct$ to ! =mation & support ( ! fruit4 ,we %\ld n comm5ce ! application ( ?is sev]e treatm5t until our trees h be5 all[$ to e/abli% !mselves firmly 9 _! /ations1 unless we desire at ! same "t to produce decid$ dw>fs by means ( root-prun+4 ,9 ?is case ! treatm5t may be comm5c$ 9 ! nurs]y itself2 ! /ocks %\ld be transplant$ once or (t5] be=e be+ work$1 & ! "y trees %\ld be mov$ annually1 :i* w s %ort5 ! roots z to make !m a mass ( fibres1 occupy+ ! :ole soil close ab\t _! ma9 divisions1 & ! subsequ5t removals c !n be easily effect$1 ) b a slight *eck to ! tree1 :i* becomes furni%$ ) fruit spurs at a v e>ly p]iod ( its exi/5ce1 in/ead ( its requir+ ye>s to rea* its natural p]iod ( fruitfulness1 z is ! case ) "s v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly ( ! pe>4 ,z g5]ally practic$1 h[ev]1 root-prun+ is po/pon$ until ! trees h made a free & vigor\s gr[?1 & h become well e/abli%$ 9 _! /ations4 ,!n if ! gr[? be too vigor\s1 & !re d n appe> any indications ( ! =mation ( fruit spurs1 z is (t5 ! case 9 ! f]tile soils ( ! ,we/1 our impati5t or*>di/s compla9 ( ! b>r5ness ( _! trees1 & seek a rem$y 9 root-prun+4 ,?is is g5]ally p]=m$ ) a %>p spade1 ) :i* a tr5* is dug 9 a circle ar\nd ! tree4 ,! excavation %\ld be deep en\gh to rea* all ( ! lat]al roots2 ^! are g5]ally )9 a foot ( ! surface4 ,! dit* ne$ n be mu* wid] ?an ! spade1 & ! soil c be ?r[n back at once1 b all ! roots %\ld be sev]$1 if we desire to produce ! effect ( *eck+ ! wood-gr[?4 ,! diamet] ( ?is circle w dep5d ^u ! size & vigor ( ! tree to be op]at$ ^u4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be made 9 ! proportion ( "o foot to ea* in* ( ! tree's diamet]4 ,! "w may be done at any "t aft] ! spr+ gr[? has begun to h>d51 or dur+ ! autumn & w9t]1 & until ! buds are ab\t to break 9 ! spr+4 ,! op]ation is wond]fully conducive to ! end we h 9 view1 & we (t5 see a vigor\sly gr[+ b b>r5 subject1 trans=m$ 9 a s+le season into a fruitful tree1 cov]$ ) blossom-be>+ spurs t are full ( promise ( delici\s fruits4 ,9 "s v>ieties1 h[ev]1 ^! fruit spurs require m ?an a s+le season = _! p]fection4 ,n[ x may be object$ t ?is labor w be exp5sive1 & s x is1 z all h>d "w ) ! spade mu/ be2 b :at ( t1 :5 we consid] ! happy results t ensue 9 gold5 h>ve/s4 ,b x has be5 sugge/$ t ?is labor may be p]=m$ by f>m ma*9]y1 us+ a /rong pl[1 or r a %>p cutt] atta*$ to a pl[ beam1 & drawn by a p[]ful team at ! requisite di/ance on ei!r side ( ! r[s ( trees1 & 9 directions cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 l all m]e me*anical applications1 mu/ be uni=m1 :e!r ! necessities ( ! trees be equal or n2 :]eas1 by h&-labor1 we may v>y ! di/ance at :i* ! roots are to be cut1 accord+ to ! vigor & size ( ! trees dem&+ ! treatm5t4 ,?is topic w be aga9 ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on ,prun+1 :]e also x w be necess>y to recur to ! subject ( ,tra9+1 :i* 0 incid5tally allud$ to 9 connection ) ,dw>f+4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,diseases4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,outset4 ,,:at ,,con/itutes ,,diseas$ ,,action4 ,,no ,,analogy ,,to ,,animal ,,sicknesses4 ,,cong5ital ,,defects4 ,,debility4 ,,defici5t ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,fibres4 ,,defective ,,foliage4 ,,imp]fect ,,& ,,r$undant ,,blossoms4 ,,! ,,civiliz$ ,,& ,,cultivat$ ,,plant ,,may ,,be ,,abnormal ,,altoge!r4 ,,unsatisfactory ,,acc\nts ,,( ,,diseases ,,9 ,,plants4 ,,lanke/]',s ,,classification ,,consid]$4 ,,effects ,,( ,,! ,,excess ,,or ,,paucity ,,( ,,moi/ure1 ,,heat1 ,,& ,,light4 ,,mode ,,( ,,action ,,( ,,fro/4 ,,injury ,,r ,,ref]rible ,,to ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,circulation ,,?an ,,to ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,,cold ,,9 ,,_m ,,h>dy ,,plants4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,soil4 ,,light ,,! ,,great ,,/imulus1 ,,its ,,)drawal ,,susp5ds ,,heal?y ,,action4 ,,its ,,sudd5 ,,re/oration ,,causes ,,dea? ,,by ,,sun ,,scald4 ,,injury ,,by ,,sun%9e ,,9 ,,w9t]4 ,,poison\s ,,gases4 ,,miasmata4 ,,poisons ,,9 ,,! ,,soil4 ,,p>asitic ,,plants1 ,,epiphites1 ,,fungi1 ,,pe> ,,blight4 ,,v>i\s ,,!ories4 ,,:at ,,we ,,"k1 ,,& ,,:at ,,we ,,don',t ,,"k4 ,,treatm5t4 ,,root ,,prun+ ,,sugge/$4 ,,satisfactory ,,results4 ,,mildew ,,blight ,,9 ,,pea* ,,& ,,apple4 ,,twig ,,blight ,,9 ,,apple ,,& ,,qu9ce4 ,,! ,,apple ,,blight4 ,,bitt] ,,rot4 ,,crack$ ,,fruit4 ,,scab4 ,,mildews4 ,,kirtl&',s ,,views ,,& ,,sugge/$ ,,rem$y4 ,,w\nds ,,& ,,insects4 ,,ne$+ ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,surg]y ,,r ,,?an ,,m$ic9e4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,foliage ,,by ,,insects ,,impairs ,,! ,,heal?y ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,plant4 ,,resume4 ,,select ,,heal?y ,,trees ,,( ,,heal?y ,,v>ieties4 ,,empirical ,,"* ,,( ,,treatm5t ,,usually ,,recomm5d$ ,,= ,,diseas$ ,,trees4 ,,! ,,black ,,knot4 ,,! ,,rot ,,& ,,mildew ,,( ,,! ,,grape4 ,9 op5+ a discussion ^u ! nosology ( vegetation1 x may be expect$ t "o :o _h sp5t _m ye>s ( 8 life 9 ! inve/igation ( ! diseases ( ! human family1 & at ! same "t 0 some?+ ( a /ud5t ( comp>ative anatomy & physiology1 trac+ analogies betwe5 ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 %\ld be famili> also ) ! diseases ( plants4 ,su* an anticipation1 x is fe>$1 w n1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 be realiz$4 ,inde$1 ! writ] feels v mu* at a loss h[ to proce$ 9 discuss+ ?is bran* ( ! subject1 & h>dly kn[s :at dep>tures f und\bt$ heal? & vigor %\ld be consid]$ wor?y ( ! title ( disease4 ,nor is x easy to trace ! causes ( ! conditions t are g5]ally view$ 9 ! light ( maladies4 ,we f9d ! manife/ations bo? 9 ! tree or plant1 & 9 its sev]al p>ts1 & also 9 ! products :i* *iefly int]e/ u2 ! fruits !mselves1 are (t5 det]iorat$ by :at is call$ diseas$ action ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,! analogy to diseases ( animals is c]ta9ly n v di/9ct4 ,we d n f9d any?+ l fev]s1 or g\t1 or rheumatism1 9 plants1 b we may consid] "s ( _! conditions some:at 9 ! light ( dropsies1 & ple?ora or hyp]trophy on ! "o h&1 & ( anmia or atrophy ^u ! o!r2 we may consid] cank] & ! dea? ( "s p>ts ( a plant analog\s to gangr5e1 & mortification 9 ! animal subject4 ,!n aga9 we f9d cong5ital defects 9 individuals among plants1 j z we d among animals4 ,"s are always less vigor\s ?an o!rs1 & ?us c]ta9 v>ieties seem possess$ ( a degree ( inh]5t disease t p]petually prev5ts !m f display+ ! requisite /r5g? & vigor :i* we s mu* desire 9 our plantations4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties t1 f ! size & excell5ce ( _! fruits1 h attract$ ! att5tion ( pomologi/s1 are s defici5t 9 heal? & vigor z to be consid]$ diseas$1 & are !re=e v prop]ly condemn$ z unwor?y a place 9 our or*>ds & g>d5s2 o!rs appe> simply defici5t 9 ! production ( "s "o "p1 z is illu/rat$ by ! inf]ior /r5g? ( ! woody fibres ( "s trees1 :i* break easily "u ! weight ( _! own fruit1 & ?us de/roy ! symmetry ( ! tree & dim9i% its productiv5ess4 ,o!rs h defective foliage1 :i* is att5d$ by ! imp]fect p]=mance ( ! functions ( gr[?1 bo? 9 ! fruit & 9 ! su/a9+ woody fibres2 o!rs aga9 produce defective blossoms ) ei!r a r$undancy or defici5cy ( ! p>ts t are necess>y = ! production ( ! se$s ne$$ = ! p]petuation ( ! species4 ,:5 ! p>ts are defici5t1 ! fl[]s are call$ b>r5 or inf]tile4 ,a r$undancy or multiplication ( p>ts is se5 9 d\ble fl[]s ( our g>d5s1 :]e !y are mu* priz$ = _! beauty1 ?\gh consid]$ mon/rosities by ! botani/1 & p]haps prop]ly ref]r$ to diseas$ action by ! nosologi/4 ,x is evid5t1 t v (t5 ! conditions ( a plant & its products1 :i* we mo/ highly prize1 & t[>ds :i* all our ef=ts 9 its culture are direct$1 are really dep>tures f ! natural & heal?ful /atus2 9 o!r words1 :at we covet1 is really a /ate ( diseas$ & abnormal action4 ,) ! o!r second>y objects ( occupy+ & ornam5t+ ! b>r5 wa/es ( ! e>? ) plants1 & ?us supply+ food to ho/s ( insects1 & to ! high] animals1 nature also has prim>ily 9 view1 ! production ( p]fect se$s = ! p]petuation ( _! species1 by ! plants t are pr(usely scatt]$ ov] ! globe4 ,man1 on ! contr>y1 (t5 rejects ! true se$s z wor?less :5 comp>$ to _! juicy fle%y envelopes t con/itute 8 favorite fruits1 or ! enl>g$ & succul5t roots1 tub]s1 /alks1 & leaves1 t *>act]ize 8 g>d5 vegetables & field crops2 :ile 9 ! gra9s prop] he seeks su/5ance 9 ! true se$s1 :i* become ! object ( 8 greate/ c>e & +5uity to enl>ge1 to increase1 & to develop1 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to _! nutritive qualities4 ,mo/ writ]s ^u ! diseases ( plants h giv5 u v indi/9ct notions ^u ! subject1 & h done v little to enlight5 _! read]s2 :ile !y h writt5 volum9\sly ^u ! unheal?y & unsatisfactory condition ( c]ta9 vegetables1 & h giv5 u mo/ ext5sive acc\nts ( ! treatm5t by :i* !y propose to rem$y ! evils compla9$ (1 we ga!r little ( ! in=mation ne$$ to enable u to und]/& ! true /ate ( ! case1 or ( ! causes ( ! disease1 if x is to be consid]$ su*4 ,! read] ne$ n expect t he w be m enlight5$ by ?is *apt] ?an he has be5 by ! essays to :i* ref]5ce is "h made1 b he w be l$ to a consid]ation ( "s ( ! causes ( ^? dep>tures f heal? & vigor :i* are consid]$ diseas$ action1 & 9 ?is way he may possibly be put ^u ! track :i* w lead him to ! avoidance ( disa/r\s results4 ,m ?an ?is w n be attempt$4 ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory acc\nt ( diseases ( plants is t giv5 by ,lanke/]1 9 :i* he divides !m accord+ to _! causes1 z foll[s3 #a/--,^? produc$ by *anges 9 ! ext]nal conditions ( life1 su* z r$undancy or defici5cy ( ! +r$i5ts ( soil1 ( light1 ( heat1 air1 & moi/ure4 #b;d--,^? produc$ by poison\s ag5cies1 z by injuri\s gases1 miasmata 9 ! air1 or by poisons 9 ! soil4 #c;d--,^? aris+ f ! gr[? ( p>asitic plants1 su* z ! v>i\s ,fungi1 ,dodd]1 ,mi/letoe1 etc4 #d?--,su* z are caus$ by me*anical injuries or w\nds1 & by ! attacks ( insects4 ,^! may be consid]$ sep>ately3 #a/--,x may be assum$1 & has be5 already well e/abli%$ by botani/s1 t e plant has its own peculi> con/itution1 adapt+ x to c]ta9 atmosph]ic conditions1 & t = its heal?ful & successful culture1 ^! mu/ be und]/ood & adh]$ to1 )9 comp>atively n>r[ limits4 ,tropical plants1 z is well kn[n1 _c be cultivat$ beyond _! natural limits1 except "u circum/ances :]e _! natural conditions are ne>ly imitat$ by ! g>d5]2 & ev5 9 our /oves & hot-h\ses1 ^! plants d n comp>e 9 vigor ) _! fell[s t luxuriate 9 ! hot & /eam+ atmosph]e ( ! tropics1 "u ! /rong] light ( su* a clime z is natural to !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! plants ( nor!rn latitudes w n gr[ & produce se$s :]e temp]ature is too elevat$4 ,^? f a humid atmosph]e suff] 9 an arid clime1 & ^? :i* ?rive 9 dry s&y regions suff] equally :5 introduc$ into a humid atmosph]e4 ,?us we f9d1 t :]e !re is too mu* moi/ure = "s ( our cultivat$ plants1 !y are incl9$ to be too succul5t1 & ?is v excess may produce a dropsical condition t is really a /ate ( disease4 ,?us we suff] 9 a loss ( fruit1 :i* w fall badly be=e its p]iod ( maturity1 & t :i* rema9s its full "t is f\nd to be ?9 & wat]y1 defici5t 9 ! high spicy aromatic flavor :i* is s highly appreciat$ by ! connoisseur ( ^! *oice products4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! arid "* ( ! soil & climate prevail to an ext5t t is uncong5ial to any p>ticul> fruit1 we %all f9d t its gr[? is arre/$1 & t its highe/ qualities are n adequately develop$3 ?is is frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 an unusually dry season--& 9 ,cali=nia1 :]e irrigation is requir$ to enable ! or*>di/ to produce "s ( ! succul5t fruits1 ! mo/ rem>kable size & beauty h be5 atta9$1 b we are told t x 0 (t5 at ! exp5se ( ! desir$ flavor t ! same v>ieties acquire1 "u circum/ances m advantage\s to ! developm5t ( _! sup]ior qualities4 ,s 9 _m ( our fruits1 ! successful results dep5d ^u ! hygrometric condition ( ! atmosph]e1 & ,liebig sugge/s t a v prolific s\rce ( diseas$ action 9 plants1 arises f ! suppress$ evaporation & transpiration consequ5t ^u su* atmosph]ic conditions4 ,too mu* moi/ure prevail+ at ! "t ( ! blossom+ ( our fruits1 especially moi/ure precipitat$ 9 ! =m ( ra9 dur+ ?is p]iod1 is sometimes disa/r\s to our crops1 bo? ( c]eals & ( or*>d fruits4 ,cont9u\s %[]s prev5t ! developm5t ( ! poll5-gra9s1 & _! transf] to ! /igmas ( ! blossoms1 s t ! fruit does n set well4 ,=tunately ?is does n (t5 occur 9 our glori\s climate1 :i* is s highly favor$ by an abundance ( light & sun%9e1 :i* are ! great & ess5tial /imuli ( ! high] ord]s ( plants4 ,! loss ( our fruit crops 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ohio ,valley 9 ! ye>s #ahfb1 #ahfe1 & #ahff1 0 fairly attribut$ to ?is cause4 ,we mu/ n ov]look ! unheal?y influ5ces produc$ by an excess ( moi/ure 9 ! e>?4 ,_m plants t naturally delight 9 a dry por\s soil1 become weak1 unfruitful1 or ev5 s]i\sly diseas$ :5 !y are plant$ 9 l[ wet gr\nds1 or ^u su* z are und]laid by a v t5aci\s sub-soil1 :ile an opposite condition is equally unfavorably to ^? t are naturally m aquatic 9 _! ta/es & habits4 ,9 ! =m] case we le>n to avoid su* soils & situations1 unless we are able to *ange _! "* 9 ?is respect by ?or\gh "u-dra9+1 :i* w completely remove ! evil1 & ! rem$y becomes m]ely a "q ( exp5se4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( temp]ature may be assum$ z requisite to e plant1 or r x may be affirm$ t "s plants _c exi/ & ?rive except )9 a c]ta9 range1 & x has be5 ass]t$ t ea* class ( plants requires a mean temp]ature = ! ye> t %all n v>y _m degrees3 ! range ( ?is v>iation has p]haps nev] be5 satisfactorily asc]ta9$4 ,b x is well kn[n1 t bo? heat & fro/ act injuri\sly ^u vegetation4 ,mr4 ,l9dley tells u t ! extreme limits ( temp]ature :i* vegetables are capable ( be>+1 )\t de/ruction ( _! vitality1 h n be5 det]m9$ ) precision4 ,:5 ! temp]ature is ma9ta9$ at a high] po9t ?an is natural1 ! plant is excit$ to undue activity ( gr[?2 b ?is is att5d$ ) an enfeebl$ condition1 (t5 se5 9 badly manag$ gre5-h\ses4 ,mr4 ,knight f\nd t c]ta9 plants 7 r5d]$ abortive by ! production ( male fl[]s only1 :5 expos$ to too great heat1 & by an opposite treatm5t1 :5 subject$ to a l[ temp]ature = a long "t1 o!rs produc$ only female fl[]s4 ,9 "s plants a high degree ( heat1 ) moi/ure1 results 9 ! production ( leaves only1 & ,humboldt f\nd t :eat 0 gr[n ab\t ,xalapa1 ,mexico1 z a fodd] plant1 because x produc$ an abundance ( grass1 b did n =m e>s nor gra94 ,a dim9i%$ temp]ature1 on ! contr>y1 removes ! /imulus ( gr[?1 & leads to ! susp5sion ( all vital action 9 proportion to its r$uction4 ,at ! freez+ po9t x is probable t all su* action ceases1 ?\gh 9 ?is reg>d !re is great diff]5ce among plants2 ! mosses & li*5s w fl\ri%1 & ! ,*ickwe$ w vegetate & blossom at a temp]ature v little above freez+4 ,! access ( fro/1 aft] vegetation has some:at advanc$1 (t5 proves v disa/r\s1 & we n unfrequ5tly lose our crops ( fruit by su* an occurr5ce dur+ ! p]iod ( blossom+1 or ev5 aft]w>d4 ,"s plants 9 a dormant condition1 w endure un9jur$ a great depression ( temp]ature1 :ile o!rs w be de/roy$ by ! slighte/ approa* ( fro/4 ,accord+ to ,de ,c&olle1 ?is may dep5d ^u ! great] or less am\nt ( wat] !y conta91 ^u ! great] or less viscidity ( _! fluids1 or ! rapidity ) :i* ^! fluids circulate4 ,^? ) l>g] cells he ?9ks mo/ easily injur$ by fro/1 & ^? :i* conta9 a great deal ( air are able to resi/ x be/4 ,! freez+ po9t w v>y accord+ to ! quality ( ! sap1 = we "k t diff]5t vegetable juices congeal at diff]5t temp]atures4 ,! mann] 9 :i* cold acts ^u plants dep5ds ^u _! physical /ructure4 ,l9dley says1 freez+ is att5d$ ) ! foll[+ effects3--,! fluids conta9$ )9 ! cells ( tissue are congeal$ & exp&$--?is produces a lac]ation ( ! cell-walls1 & impairs excitability by ! unnatural ext5sion to :i* ! cells are subject$2 ! air is expell$ f ! air-vessels & introduc$ into p>ts naturally int5d$ to conta9 only fluid2 ! gre5 color+ matt] & o!r secretions are decompos$1 & ! vital fluid or latex is de/roy$1 & ! action ( its vessels is p>alyz$4 ,! int]ior ( ! tubes1 9 :i* fluid is convey$1 is ob/ruct$ by a ?ick5+ ( _! sides4 ,s we h z a result1 bo? me*anical1 *emical1 & vital *anges4#af ,our h>dy fruit trees are woody p]5nials t hyb]nate dur+ ! w9t]4 ,yet we f9d t ev5 ^! suff] ^u "s occasions f a great depression ( temp]ature2 x has be5 ass]t$ t a c]ta9 degree ( cold w\ld inevitably de/roy ! blossom buds at lea/1 & we (t5 f9d t ! b>k is bur/ (f f ! wood1 & 9 "s in/ances ! wood itself is s injur$ z to suff] f a k9d ( decomposition1 & to become affect$ ) a *ange g5]ally kn[n z ! dry rot1 los+ its ela/icity & h>dness1 & acquir+ a :iti% color1 :i* is suppos$ may arise f ! introduction ( ! mycelia ( fung\s gr[?s4 ,n[ x is believ$ t ^! injuries d n arise s directly f ! degree ( cold to :i* ! tree has be5 expos$1 z to ! condition ( its circulation at ! "t ( ! exposure4 ,if ! sap h be5 excit$ by mild or w>m wea!r1 z is s apt to be ! case 9 our *angeable climate1 ! sudd5 depression ( temp]ature w produce disa/r\s effects1 ev5 :5 ! cold has n be5 v sev]e4 ,?is is manife/$ by ! bur/+ ( ! b>k 9 "y trees 9 ! e>ly "p ( w9t]1 :ile !y are yet hold+ _! leaves1 & ( c\rse hav+ a circulation some:at active4 ,h5ce ! importance1 n[ v well und]/ood by our nurs]ym51 ( *eck+ ! gr[? ( "y trees 9 "t to h _! t]m9al buds ?or\ghly rip5$ be=e ! approa* ( fro/4 ,?is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 is subject to our control2 b we _c =esee ! "* ( ! seasons ^u :i* ! safety ( our or*>d trees w1 9 a great measure1 dep5d1 & !y are less easily manag$4 ,:5 ! autumn is dry1 & cont9u$ late into w9t]1 z sometimes happ5s1 we see a p]fect rip5+ ( ! wood1 ) a great developm5t ( blossom buds1 & !n we may confid5tly calculate ^u ! safety ( our fruits1 provid$ !y be n expos$ to a w>m p]iod at mid-w9t]1 t %all excite "s activity 9 _! circulation1 :i* w\ld suff] t]ribly f any sudd5 & great depression ( temp]ature su* z frequ5tly occurs1 c>ry+ ! m]cury f summ] heat to a po9t bel[ z]o1 9 a few h\rs4 ,su* a *ange has am\nt$ to #fh degrees 9 n9e h\rs4#ag ,! influ5ce ex]t$ by ! soil ^u ! heal?9ess or unheal?9ess ( our trees has already be5 allud$ to incid5tally1 b x is an important subject ( inquiry :e!r ?is may arise f a r$undancy or a paucity ( "s p>ticul> +r$i5ts necess>y to su/a9 ! plants we desire to cultivate4 ,liebig has po9t$ out h[ *emi/ry may be br\ght to our assi/ance 9 solv+ su* a "q4 ,z all ! inorganic elem5ts f\nd 9 a tree & its fruits1 mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f ! soil 9 :i* x grew1 he sugge/$ t ! a%es ( ! plant w\ld %[ u exactly :at x ne$$1 & !n an exam9ation ( ! soils w\ld in=m u :e!r !y conta9$ all ! necess>y elem5ts1 & 9 ! "r proportion4 ,h5ce arose ! doctr9e & ! practice ( apply+ special manures1 :i* has be5 s fa%ionable 9 our day4 ,?\gh !re be _m d\bt]s z to ! efficacy ( su* inve/igations & practices1 mo/ s5sible & enlight5$ agriculturi/s admit ! tru?s :i* ,liebig has prop\nd$4 ,light is ! great /imulus ( vegetation1 an ess5tial elem5t to its exi/5ce3 its )drawal is foll[$ by an arre/ ( "s ( ! mo/ important functions ( vitality1 & yet we f9d t !re is a great diff]5ce among diff]5t species1 z to _! requirem5ts ( ?is elem5t1 & also t v>i\s p>ts & sev]al products ( vegetation require v diff]5t degrees ( light = _! p]fection4 ,x is also f\nd t a sudd5 exposure ( p>ts f :i* x _h be5 )held1 is (t5 att5d$ ) disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,its )drawal does n s imm$iately de/roy ! plant1 be+ att5d$ ) ! etiolation ( ! p>ts t are usually color$1 b a sudd5 re-exposure to ! sun's rays w n[ de/roy ! plant4 ,s ! removal ( a portion ( ! foliage f a tree1 or ! exposure ( ! b>e /em ( "o t _h be5 previ\sly %elt]$1 is (t5 att5d$ ) sev]e effects1 kn[n z sun-scald--= :i* !re is no rem$y1 b v easy modes ( prev5tion4 ,! be/ ( ^! is to provide aga9/ ! evil by res]v+ ! l[] bran*es to %ade ! /em4 ,!re are o!r excell5t reasons = ?is practice1 :i* w be br\ght =w>d 9 ! *apt] on ,prun+4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 ! nurs]yman1 or p]haps ! injudici\s ef=ts ( ! plant] himself1 may h remov$ all ! side bran*es ( ! "y tree1 & z ^! _c be replac$1 we may sub/itute = !m a %elt] f ! scor*+ sun to :i* ! newly plant$ tree is expos$4 ,?is may be done by tack+ two n>r[ bo>ds toge!r at _! edges1 l a gutt] sp\t1 & sett+ !m upright on ! s\? side ( ! tree to %ade x4 ,a wisp ( /raw1 ti$ loosely to ! /em1 w answ] a v good purpose2 b bo? ( ^! appliances are objectionable1 because !y furni% a %elt] = insects1 & ?us !y fall %ort ( ! natural %ad+ ( ! /em by ! foliage ( its own bran*es4 ,x is n only ! scor*+ suns ( summ] t damage our "y trees t are ?us expos$ by injudici\s trimm+4 ,ev5 ! bright rays ( a mid-w9t] sun1 fall+ ^u ! froz5 /em1 w (t5 effect ! mo/ s]i\s damage1 & %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/ ) equal c>e2 b "h ! natural protection w answ]1 = ! %ade ( ! nak$ spray ( ! lat]als is f\nd all-suffici5t 9 ! well-tra9$ tree4 #b;d--,to resume ! consid]ation ( ,lanke/]'s causes ( disease1 x mu/ be admitt$ t "s diseas$ conditions may be produc$ by poison\s gases1 b ! usual result w be ! dea? ( plants conf9$ 9 su* an atmosph]e4 ,! natural p[] ( diffusion ( all gases among "o ano!r 9 ! op5 air1 prev5ts ! dang] t w\ld ensue 9 a conf9$ situation4 ,! accid5tal production ( sulphur\s & o!r poison\s gas1 or ! escape ( smoke f ! flues or f ! tobacco-pan 9 ! gre5-h\se1 sometimes produces ! mo/ disa/r\s effects ^u ! plants subject$ to _! action4 ,s1 9 cr[d$ cities1 x (t5 happ5s t ! effects ( coal smoke & o!r gases1 g5]at$ 9 ! furnaces & manufactories1 are v injuri\s to vegetation4 ,! coal soot falls 9 flakes l lamp-black1 :i* cov]s ! surface & ob/ructs ! transpiration ( ! /omata1 & ?us s]i\sly affects ! heal? ( plants 9 su* situations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! action ( miasmata1 sugge/$ by ,lanke/]1 is z obscure 9 ! effects produc$ ^u plants z 9 ^? ^u animals4 ,! pres5ce ( ^! atmosph]ic conditions _c be detect$ by any ( our te/s1 nor c _! effects be prev5t$ by any means 9 our p[]2 we "k little or no?+ ab\t _! *>act]s1 yet we _c d5y _! exi/5ce3 f9ally1 !y s]ve z a v conv5i5t explanation1 ?\gh a v unsatisfactory "o1 = ! incursions ( maladies t are ( an obscure or unkn[n "*4 ,:e!r ( a miasmatic nature or n1 no "o c d5y ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 atmosph]ic conditions1 :i* appe> to produce disa/r\s effects ^u "s ( our vegetable productions :e!r ^! be inh]5t to ! air itself1 or are only convey$ by x f "o place to ano!r4 ,! inexplicable potato disease may owe its orig9 & diffusion to su* a cause1 & ! grape malady1 :i* appe>s to be dep5d5t ^u atmosph]ic causes1 may at lea/ be c>ri$ f "o v9e to ano!r ^u ?is m$ium1 9 ! =m ( ! m9ute spores or se$s ( ! fungi t are believ$ to be ! cause ( ! tr\ble4#ah ,poisons 9 ! soil are frequ5tly v delet]i\s to vegetation1 & we (t5 f9d ext5sive injuries to our plants produc$ by ?is class ( ag5ts4 ,:5 ^! are ( a *emical nature1 z is usually ! case1 !y may be satisfactorily treat$ by applications t w neutralize _! effects4 ,9 cities ! escape ( ! illum9at+ gas1 t is c>ri$ 9 subt]ranean pipes1 has (t5 s poison$ ! soil z to de/roy ! %ade trees by ! side ( ! /reets4 ,an excess ( c]ta9 sal9e & alkal9e +r$i5ts (t5 produces b>r5ness 9 ! soil1 by a sort ( poison+1 ev5 ) ^? articles t 9 small] quantities are us$ z manures ) ! happie/ effects4 #c;d--,! influ5ce ex]t$ ^u vegetation by ! gr[? ( p>asitic plants1 _c be obs]v$ )\t =c+ u to ! conclusion t !y are prejudicial to ! heal? ( ! plants !y infe/--s9ce !y ei!r cov] & smo!r ! foliage by tw9+ ^u x1 z is ! case ) ! ,dodd]2 or fa/5 !mselves ^u a limb1 appropriat+ ! sap t 0 int5d$ = its support1 & ?us />ve x1 z does ! ,mi/letoe2 or atta*+ !mselves to ! b>k1 !y int]f]e ) its functions1 z is done by ! li*5s & mosses2 or1 foll[+ ! desc5d+ scale1 9 ! size ( ^! p>asites1 b meet+ 9 !m foes ( mu* great] importance1 we f9d ! m9ute b innum]able fungi attack+ ! wood1 ! b>k1 ! foliage1 & ! fruits1 ( our g>d5s & or*>ds1 & committ+ incalculable damage--?us entail+ s]i\s disease4 ,a v important "q has aris51 h[ev]1 z to :e!r ! inroads ( fungi 7 ! cause or ! consequ5ce only ( disease4 ,a "q :i* x w be necess>y to leave to wis] heads1 only obs]v+ t ^! epiphytes d appe>1 "u c]ta9 atmosph]ic conditions1 to invade "s plants t _h previ\sly seem$ to be 9 p]fect heal?4 ,t !y are transport$ ^u ! air1 9 ! =m ( v m9ute sporules1 is unque/ion$1 & t _! gr[? is dep5d5t ^u c]ta9 atmosph]ic conditions1 is equally admitt$1 b :e!r !y induce disease1 or are only able to take possession ( a plant t is n 9 a p]fectly heal?y condition1 does n yet appe> s cle>4 ,! v em95t ,mr4 ,solly is ( ! op9ion1 t 9 ! potato at lea/1 ! exi/5ce ( p>asitic fungi is a second>y result ( previ\s disease4 ,s x may be ) our fruits1 & !re is consid]able te/imony to favor su* a belief 9 _m cases1 :]e we f9d1 ) ! appe>ance ( ^! fungi1 o!r causes ( unheal?9ess4 ,! leaves ( ! apple trees 9 "s seasons become coat$ ) a black effloresc5ce1 t gives ! tree a v sombre appe>ance1 & seems to affect its heal?4 ,i am n aw>e t any "o has yet made any microscopical inve/igations ( ?is condition ( ! foliage1 :i* looks z ?\gh x 7 du/$ ) coal-smoke4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 h[ev]1 to be ! result ( a fung\s gr[?4 ,,pe> ,,blight4--,?is is a subject ^u :i* s mu* has be5 said & writt51 t any "o may well %r9k f its discussion4 ,! condition 9 :i* ! invasion ( ! malady f9ds ! tree has be5 pretty ?or\ghly asc]ta9$1 & ! sad /ate 9 :i* x is left aft] ! attack1 is too well kn[n to ne$ any le>n$ description4 ,x is well call$ ! blight1 = no?+ %ort ( scor*+ by fire c m effectually de/roy ! life ( ! tree & blight our hopes ( its usefulness4 ,! v>i$ !ories & sugge/ions t h be5 advanc$ 9 attempt$ explanation ( ?is /ate ( ?+s are altoge!r unsatisfactory s t x may be said we "k no?+ ab\t ! disease1 nor :e!r x be occasion$ by froz5 sap1 by fung\s invasion1 or by insect attacks1 all ( :i* h be5 set =w>d z causes ( ! difficulty4 ,none ( ^! explanations h be5 cle>ly prov$1 & !y seem r guesses ?an e/abli%$ facts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! disease1 :i* breaks out 9 ! mid/ ( ! season ( gr[?1 & attacks ^? trees t are 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ vigor\s production ( succul5t %oots2 b x is n conf9$ to ! "y wood2 on ! contr>y1 x appe>s fir/ 9 ! h>d b>k ( limbs1 t are two or m ye>s old4 ,?is turns br[n1 becomes desiccat$1 & ?us ! circulation is arre/$1 & ! foliage z well z ! b>k is affect$4 ,! out] extremities ( ! leaves wilt1 die1 & turn sudd5ly br[n & !n black1 & (t5 rema9 adh]+ by _! petioles = mon?s--sad te/imonials ( ! de/ruction caus$ by ! blight4 ,! disease appe>s to ext5d 9 "s in/ances1 b x is n prov$ t !re is any poison\s matt] g5]at$ by a blight$ limb t c\ld h ent]$ ! circulation1 & !n h be5 transmitt$ to o!r p>ts ( ! tree4 ,! app>5t ext5sion ( ! disease is r believ$ to h be5 ! successive developm5t ( ! tr\ble f diff]5t foci1 :i* _h successively invad$ s mu* ( ! b>k z to h m or less completely arre/$ ! fl[ ( ! sap4 ,9 "s limbs ( small size1 a pat* ( dead tissue ( mod]ate dim5sions w\ld entirely arre/ heal?y action e>ly 9 ! season1 & de/roy ! portion ( ! bran* beyond x2 9 o!r bran*es ( great] size1 q a l>ge pat* ( ! dead b>k might exi/ = a long "t )\t entirely surr\nd+ !m1 & arre/+ ! circulation1 :i* w\ld ?us be kept up until a lat] p]iod1 :5 at l5g? ?is occurr$1 ! symptoms ( blight w\ld appe>4 ,! treatm5t ( ?is malady is q unsatisfactory1 & gives u no clue to ! cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,v>i\s plans h be5 sugge/$1 ! mo/ satisfactory is ! removal ( ! affect$ limbs--n t x cures ! disease1 b because x takes f u ! sad mem5tos ( our loss4 ,we h be5 advis$ to p>e away ! diseas$ portion ( old b>k ) a spoke-%ave1 or "s simil> in/rum5t2 b x is appreh5d$ t few p]sons w\ld ev] f9d ?is pat* ( dead b>k until !y h ! fatal evid5ce ( ! blight$ foliage1 & no possible good c result f its removal at t "t4 ,?is tr\ble is connect$1 9 _m in/ances1 ) an excessively vigor\s gr[? ( %oots2 inde$1 "s ( ^? v>ieties :i* are mo/ ?rifty1 suff] ! mo/1 :ile ^? :i* make firm & mod]ately %ort %oots1 seldom blight4 ,h5ce x has be5 inf]r$ by "s1 t if we c *eck ?is excessive vigor1 & r$uce ! wood gr[? to a mod]ate am\nt1 n exce$+ t5 or twelve in*es1 annual ext5sion1 we %all be able to prev5t ! occurr5ce ( blight4 ,?is object is easily atta9$ by root-prun+ ! trees sev]ely 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>4 ,s f>1 we c only say t trees s treat$1 h n blight$2 b x does n foll[ t !y w\ld h suff]$ if let alone4 ,ano!r =m ( blight may (t5 be se5 9 ! pea* & 9 ! apple2 x consi/s 9 a loss ( vitality ( small twigs & _! foliage 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! tree1 especially 9 ! inn] portions t are n freely expos$ to ! air & light4 ,9 ! pea*1 ?is disease is accompani$ ) ! decay ( ! fruit ^u ^! twigs1 :i* rots & becomes moldy4 ,?is tr\ble is usually attribut$ to mildew1 & x is probably ow+ to "s =m ( fungus invasion4 ,q a diff]5t affection ( ! twigs is t kn[n z ! blight 9 apples & qu9ces4 ,?is attacks only ! "y %oots ( ! curr5t season's gr[?1 :i* sudd5ly )] & become br[n at mid-summ]4 ,! same condition occurs also 9 ! %oots ( ! ,italian mulb]ry4 ,! cause ( ?is malady is n v app>5t2 by "s p]sons x is attribut$ to ! punctures ( m9ute insects1 b !y h escap$ ! scrut9y ( o!r obs]v]s1 :o attribute ?is blight to atmosph]ic causes4 ,! true apple blight is a malady ( v s]i\s "*1 t invades _m or*>ds 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,9 its nature1 & 9 ! mode ( its invasion1 x v mu* resembles ! dread$ fire-blight ( ! pe>1 ) :i* mo/ or*>di/s h un=tunately become already b too famili>4 ,l x too1 all ! guesses :i* ,solons h (f]$ = ! explanation ( its cause1 appe> equally unsatisfactory4 ,a :ole bran* or limb ( ! tree becomes simultane\sly affect$2 sometimes "o qu>t] or ev5 "o half ( ! top is de/roy$ by ! disease1 & ! removal ( ! dead portions is n foll[$ by ! reproduction ( heal?y bran*es4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties are m subject to ?is blight ?an o!rs1 & !y seem to poison ! grafts t are ins]t$ into !m1 to produce a new top to ! tree ) a m heal?y v>iety4 ,,bitt] ,,rot4--,our excell5t & obs]v+ fri5d1 ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ( ,lawr5ce ,co41 ,ohio1 furni%es ! foll[+ description ( ?is disease to ! ,ohio ,cultivator3 ,! disease g5]ally pres5ts itself on ! sk9 ( ! apple 9 v m9ute br[n spots1 f "o to a doz5 or m 9 numb]1 g5]ally aft] ! fruit is pretty well gr[n4 ,^! gradually spread & p5etrate ! fle% ( ! apple1 produc+ a black rot1 almo/ z bitt] z aloes1 b ?is ta/e is conf9$ to ! discolor$ portion4 ,! fruit ceases gr[+1 & falls prematurely4 ,! rot occasionally beg9s at ! c5t]1 & ext5ds outw>d1 s t ! fruit appe>s p]fectly s\nd = "s "t1 on :i* acc\nt he advises aga9/ too e>ly ga!r+ ( ! fruit4 ,! late ,dr4 ,b>k]1 ( ,mc,connellsville1 ,ohio1 :o 0 "o ( our mo/ obs]v+ pomologi/s1 ref]r+ to ?is disease z peculi> to c]ta9 v>ieties1 concludes 9 an article 9 ! pap] above quot$1 vide ,vol4 ,,vi41 p4 #bhc1 t ?is malady is diff]5t f :at is call$ ,bitt] ,rot 9 o!r places1 & :i* affects o!r v>ieties ) a discoloration ( ! fle% & a bitt] ta/e4 ,he ?9ks ?is malady is diff]5t f t describ$ by ,mr4 ,gillett1 & t x1 ! true ,bitt] ,rot1 is caus$ by a fung\s gr[?1 ! spores ( :i* are c>ri$ on ! air f tree to tree1 l a simil> fungus produc+ mold 9 ! *]ry1 plum1 & pea*4 ,he also traces a resemblance ( ?is disease to ! vacc9ation 9 ! human subject1 except t ! scab does n sep>ate & fall (f4 ,h5ce he sugge/$ ! "n ( pock1 in/ead ( ,bitt] ,rot4 ,high culture1 manure1 lime1 trimm+1 & pa/ur+ hogs 9 ! or*>d1 h all be5 recomm5d$ z rem$ies4 ,,crack$ ,,fruit--,,mildew4--,c]ta9 fruits become p>tially cov]$ ) :at appe>s to be a fung\s gr[?1 :i* occupies ! sk9 9 su* a mann] z to prev5t ! developm5t ( ! succul5t tissues b5ea? x4 ,?is may result 9 a de=mity consequ5t ^u ! irregul> gr[?1 & ! fruit is call$ scabby1 or x may /rike deep] into ! tissues1 :i* become dry & corky & crack op51 be+ ?us utt]ly wor?less4 ,"s v>ieties1 :i* =m]ly produc$ ! mo/ beautiful fruits1 h be5 s sev]ely affect$ by ?is malady z to yield absolutely no?+ 9 c]ta9 localities1 & are only r5d]$ pr(itable by top graft+ ) o!r sorts t are n affect$ ) ! crack+4 ,t ?is is n caus$ by ! we>+ out ( ! v>iety1 z has be5 sugge/$1 x may be add$ t ! same fruit rip5s p]fectly & is q fair 9 o!r regions ( ! c\ntry4 ,! tr\ble1 h[ev]1 is ext5d+1 & x is h>dly safe to plant l>gely ( ^? v>ieties t h prov$ subject to ! malady4 ,no explanation has be5 satisfactory z to ! cause1 nor has any treatm5t be5 successful4 ,dr4 ,kirtl& address$ ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society ^u ?is subject1 & an ab/ract ( 8 rem>ks is "h giv53-- ,! disease kn[n z ! blight or ! fire-blight1 is at ?is day prov+ ! mo/ s]i\s ob/acle to ! successful cultivation ( ! pe>1 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury x prevail$ ext5sively 9 ,new ,engl&1 co9cid5tly ) ! spott$ fev]1 & o!r disord]s ( a l[ grade ( action1 :i* at t p]iod swept epidemically ov] t region ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 a popul> op9ion t all ^! diseases1 bo? ( ! human family & vegetable k+dom1 arose f "o cause2--an op9ion n1 h[ev]1 tol]at$ by m$ical m5 & m5 ( sci5ce 9 t day4 ,v>i\s !ories h be5 advanc$ to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ?is blight4 ,insects1 froz5 sap1 electricity1 excessive evaporation1 & exhau/ion ( ! soil1 h1 at diff]5t times1 be5 assign$ z ! cause4 ,inve/igation ( ea* fails to meet & expla9 ! ph5om5a att5dant on ! rise1 progress1 & results ( t disease4 ,x is "t !y all %\ld be ab&on$1 & t rese>*es = a cause be ext5d$ 9 "s o!r direction4 ,z a />t+ po9t 9 ?is und]tak+1 ,i w sugge/ ano!r hypo!sis1 :i* may p]haps expla9 ! pa?ology ( ! blight1 & call into use an effectual rem$y or prev5tive4 ,pa?ology1 ,dr4 ,web/] def9es to be '! doctr9e ( ! causes & nature ( diseases4' #a4 ,! ,pe>-tree blight is produc$ by ! poison\s impression ( ! se$s 7sporules7 ( a microscopic fungus4 #b4 ,sev]al comb9ations ( iron1 especially ! sulphate 7copp]as71 w1 to "s ext5t1 c\nt]act t impression4 ,x w be und]/ood t ^! two propositions are m]ely hypo!tical4 ,if su/a9$ by analogies1 subsequ5t obs]vations1 & exp]i5ce1 !y w be accept$ z tru?s2 if n ?us su/a9$1 !y w ( c\rse be reject$4 ,! ext5sive preval5ce ( ! *ol]a1 ov] l>ge portions ( ! globe1 comm5c+ 9 ! ye> #ahah1 l$ m$ical m5 to seek = its cause4 ,dr4 ,c[dell1 ( ,london1 9 #ahdh1 publi%$ ',a ,disquisition on ,pe/il5tial ,*ol]a1 be+ an attempt to expla9 its ph5om5a1 nature1 cause1 prev5tion & treatm5t1 by ref]5ce to an extr9sic fung\s orig94' ,9 #ahdi1 ,pr(4 ,j4,k4 ,mit*ell1 ( ,philadelphia1 issu$ a m elaborate "w1 ',on ! ,cryptogam\s ,orig9 ( ,mal>i\s & ,epidemic ,fev]s4' ,x ab\nds 9 num]\s facts & correct reason+1 & %\ld be consult$ by e inve/igator ( disease1 animal & vegetable4 ,^! publications attract$ ! att5tion ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 bo? 9 ,am]ica & ,europe1 s long z t epidemic cont9u$ its ravages1 & ! !ories !y advanc$ ga9$ ext5sive cr$5ce dur+ t "t4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 lo/ sight ( :5 t epidemic subsid$4 ,rec5tly !y h be5 sub/antiat$ z pla9 matt]s ( fact1 s f> z mal>i\s diseases are conc]n$1 by ! labors & inve/igations ( ,pr(4 ,j4,h4 ,salisbury1 ( ,clevel&4 ,x is well e/abli%$1 !n1 t a numb] ( diseases ( ! animal sy/em are produc$ by fungi4 ',"u ?is "n botani/s compreh5d n only ! v>i\s races ( mu%rooms1 toad/ools1 & simil> productions1 b a l>ge numb] ( microscopic plants1 =m+ ! appe>ances call$ m\ld9ess1 mildew1 smut1 ru/1 br&1 dry rot1 etc4' ,!y are univ]sally diffus$ 9 nature4 ,x is difficult to conceive ( a place :]e !y d n exi/4 ,!y are among ! mo/ num]\s ( all plants1 9 reg>d to g5]a & species1 & ) v few exceptions are delet]i\s 9 _! impressions on ! animal sy/em4 ,ev5 ! palatable mu%room is always poison\s to "s p]sons1 & may become s to all "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,x is equally evid5t t fungi frequ5tly occasion diseases 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,! smut ( :eat & maize1 ! ru/ ( :eat1 ergot ( rye & grass-se$s1 & specks1 cracks1 & discoloration ( ! sk9 ( ! apple & pe> are ( ?is nature4 ,! microscopical exam9ations ( ,pr(4 ,salisbury & o!rs h detect$ ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 species1 infe/+ ext5sively pe> trees ab\t ! p]iod ( attack by ! blight4 ,!y h made simil> discov]ies t lead to ! conclusion t ! curl ( ! pea* leaf1 ! potato disease1 & ! blight ( pe> trees1 all h _! orig9 f ! cause assign$ 9 my second proposition4 ,"u ?is head /ill ano!r disease ( our fruit %\ld be notic$4 ,i h wat*$ c>efully ! sudd5 & premature decay ( our plum crop1 at ! p]iod ( its rip5+1 = ! la/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,f h9ts af=d$ by ! "w ( ,pr(4 ,mit*ell1 & sev]al microscopic obs]vations ( my own1 ,i 0 induc$ to publi% an article 9 ',! ,flori/1' ( ,philadelphia1 9 ! ye> #ahee1 9 :i* ,i imput$ ! orig9 ( ! disease to ! ,torula or "s analag\s species ( p>asitic fungi4 ,! disease /ill prevails among u1 & x is sure to de/roy all ! plums :i* escape puncture by ! curculio4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally ov]look$ by pomologi/s1 & its effects are *>g$ to ! depr$ations ( t insect4 ,simil> disease occasionally impairs our pea* & apple crops1 to a less ext5t4 ,:5ev] x occurs on ei!r ( ^! v>ieties ( fruit1 ! spurs & "y wood blight or cank]1 & cease to be fruitful = sev]al ye>s4 ,if ^! discov]ies & analogies e/abli%1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 ! hypo!sis ( ! cryptogam\s orig9 ( ! pe> tree blight1 we h made important progress 9 lay+ d[n true indications = its cure or prev5tion4 ,among ! means sugge/$ = effect+ t end1 c]ta9 comb9ations ( iron h already be5 nam$4 ,! au?ority = su* practice is f\nd$ on ! foll[+ facts3 #a4 ,x is a popul> belief t iron ex]ts a favorable influ5ce ov] ! heal? ( fruit trees4 ,h5ce arises ! practice ( driv+ nails into ! body ( su* trees1 & load+ _! limbs ) scraps ( iron4 ,bo? ! belief & ! practice may be vision>y1 yet 9 su* in/ances ( popul> belief1 inve/igation usually discov]s !m to be f\nd$ on "s %ad[ ( tru?4 #b4 ,an intellig5t & obs]v+ g5tleman ( ,clevel& in=ms me t he prev5ts ! curl ( ! pea* leaf by deposit+ 9 ! e>?1 ab\t ! bodies ( ! trees1 fragm5ts ( ru/y /ove pipe & wor?less pieces ( iron4 #c4 ,tw5ty-f\r ye>s s9ce ,i call$ ! att5tion ( ! public to ! isolat$ fact1 )\t ref]5ce to any !ory1 t a l>ge pe> tree 9 ,columbiana c\nty1 ,ohio1 ) its body surr\nd$ ) _m wagon loads ( b\ld]s1 scoria1 scales ( iron & accumulations f a blacksmi? %op1 reta9$ its heal?1 vigor1 & fruitfulness1 :ile all o!r pe> trees 9 t region ( c\ntry _h ei!r di$1 or 7 suff]+ f blight4 ,vide ,new ,engl& ,f>m]1 ,decemb] #c1 #ahdj1 page #aec4 ,at ?is late day ?is tree /ill cont9ues heal?y4 #d4 ,i recollect read+ 9 t reliable j\rnal1 ,hovey's ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture1 "s ye>s s9ce1 a /atem5t t ! f9e/ prize pe>s se5 9 ! ,p>isian m>ket1 7 produc$ by inve/+ ! gr[+ fruits ) folds ( cotton or l95 clo?1 & daily1 or (t5]1 moi/5+ !m ) a solution ( sulphate ( iron4 ,?is treatm5t 0 said to result 9 develop+ ! size1 beauty1 & quality ( ! fruits to a high degree1 & especially to free !m f p>asitic blot*es4 #e4 ,f\r ye>s s9ce1 ,mrs4 ,well] ,dean1 ( ,rockport1 ,ohio1 in=m$ me t blight might n only be prev5t$ 9 heal?y pe> trees1 b might be successfully arre/$1 9 _m trees1 aft] x _h made consid]able progress1 by means ( repeat$ly wa%+ ! bodies ( ! trees ) a saturat$ solution ( sulphate ( iron 7copp]as71 at a "t :5 ! sap is 9 active circulation4 ,?is 0 a confid5tial communication1 ) ! condition annex$ t ,i %\ld ?or\ghly te/ ! plan1 & if x %\ld prove successful1 ,i 0 to publi% x2 & fur!rmore1 if any m]it or m sub/antial rew>d %\ld be deem$ due to any "o by ! public1 %e 0 to be ! recipi5t4 ,?is plan has yet be5 only imp]fectly tri$4 ,age & infirmities w probably prev5t its completion by me4 ,i w !re=e report t ,i h te/$ x on a numb] ( my p>tially blight$ pe> trees1 :ile a great] numb]s has be5 left to die unm$icat$4 ,( ! =m]1 n "o has yet p]i%$1 :ile ( ! latt] v few survive4 ,x has appe>$1 9 e in/ance1 to arre/ ! progress ( ! disease1 & to imp>t a heal?y condition to ! b>k :]ev] appli$4 ,! app>5t results may h be5 co9cid5ces & n ! effect ( ! rem$y4 ,!re is mu* false exp]i5ce 9 horticulture & agriculture1 z well z 9 m$ic9e4 ,^! views sugge/ ! exp$i5cy ( ext5sively apply+ a solution ( ! sulphate ( iron by means ( a gre5-h\se syr+e or g>d5 eng9e to ! tops & foliage ( trees1 labor+ "u any ( ! diseases suspect$ ( a cryptogam\s orig94 ,x also becomes a qu]y :e!r ! same ag5t may n be successfully employ$ at "s p]iod to c\nt]act ! potato disease1 ei!r by wat]+ ) x ! gr[+ plant1 or wa%+ ! tub]s 9 x 9 autumn1 aft] !y are dug4 ,no injury has ev] aris5 to pe> trees by a free use ( a saturat$ solution ( copp]as4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w\ld obs]ve t ! discov]y ( ! cryptogam\s orig9 ( ! _m disord]s ( ! human sy/em is effect+ important *anges 9 _! treatm5t4 ,may we n hope t an ext5sion ( ^! discov]ies to ! vegetable k+dom1 may result z favorably 9 %ap+ ! practice 9 diseases ( fruits & fruit trees8 #d?--,w\nds1 & ! attacks ( insects1 may be consid]$ m 9 ! light ( me*anical injuries by a loss ( sub/ance1 h5ce !y belong r to ! dep>tm5t ( surg]y1 & c sc>cely be consid]$ z disease4 ,! break+ ( a bran*1 or ! removal ( a portion ( ! b>k1 may inflict a s]i\s injury1 b x is "o :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w be recov]$ f1 )\t any impairm5t ( ! heal? ( ! tree--unless :]e ! w\nd is s l>ge t ! new gr[? w n soon cov] x ov]1 9 :i* case exposure to ! moi/ure ( ! atmosph]e may result 9 decay ( ! woody tissues1 or1 if ! sap exudes1 at c]ta9 seasons1 x may produce cank] & fung\s gr[?s4 ,9 "s v>ieties ( our cultivat$ fruits1 w\nds ( ?is "* are (t5 att5d$ by an effusion ( gummy matt]2 ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ^? t are kn[n z /one-fruits1 & 9 ^! ! excision ( a l>ge limb is seldom foll[$ by a deposit ( woody matt] 9 ! way ( heal+ ov] ! w\nd1 :i* is always desirable2 h5ce 9 su* cases p>ticul>ly1 x is well to cov] ! expos$ surface ) some?+ to exclude atmosph]ic moi/ure1 :e!r ?is be pa9t1 v>ni%1 ( %ellac1 or common graft+ wax4 ,insects1 by eat+ ! foliage ext5sively1 v mat]ially injure ! heal?y condition ( a tree--ev5 ! m9ute aphides t suck ! sap f ! leaves & t5d] b>k1 w s]i\sly impair ! heal? ( our plants2 b ! bor]s t m9e "u ! b>k1 ext5sively consum+ ! vital cambium1 & ev5 burr[ into ! solid wood1 r$uc+ x to a honeycomb1 _c fail to affect ! heal?y condition ( ! tree mat]ially1 & (t5 cause its premature dea?4 ,"s k ( ! habits ( ^! little creatures is consid]$ ( s great importance1 t ! subject w be br\ght be=e ! read]'s notice m at l5g? 9 ano!r "p ( ?is volume4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t _m unheal?y conditions ( our trees1 t might be trac$ to o!r causes1 b :i* are n manife/ly dep5d5t ^u a want ( c>e on ! "p ( ! or*>di/1 nor ^u a defici5cy 9 ! con/itution ( ! soil1 are (t5 attributable to ! inroads ( ^! m9ute foes1 :i*1 9 "s cases at lea/1 are made ! scape-goats ^u :i* is laid ! blame t %\ld be appli$ to our own neglect1 or want ( =e?\ght & c>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] hav+ review$ ! :ole subject1 x may be safe = u to conclude t :at is call$ disease 9 our cultivat$ vegetables ( :atev] k9d1 is a dep>ture f full heal? & productiv5ess ( s\nd fruits4 ,& fur!r t ?is may arise f a lack ( ! necess>y +r$i5ts 9 ! soil1 f a want ( prop] conditions z to its quality & con/itution1 p>ticul>ly ) reg>d to ! important elem5ts ( moi/ure1 heat1 & light2 & especially1 t ?is condition ( unheal?9ess & unproductiv5ess1 :5 n an inh]5t fail+ ( ! v>iety1 may 9 _m in/ances be attributable to want ( prop] c>e on our "p1 & to our all[+ ! trees to injure !mselves by ov]be>+1 :ile we neglect to keep up ! prop] supply ( n\ri%m5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 mak+ selections ( trees = plant+1 x is important t all weak or unheal?y v>ieties %\ld be avoid$4 ,secure heal?y & vigor\s /ocks1 t appe> to be possess$ ( a s\nd con/itution1 ev5 ?\gh ! fruit %\ld n be q s f9e & beautiful z t produc$ by "s ( ! sickly & less vigor\s v>ieties4 ,!re is m diff]5ce app>5t1 9 ?is respect1 among pe>s ?an among apples2 b ( ! latt] !re are v>ieties t %\ld be avoid$ on acc\nt ( _! defici5t vigor4 ,!re are o!rs t might be consid]$ z com+ "u ! ban1 because ! trees are n long-liv$2 & yet "s ( ^! appe> to be p]fectly heal?y 9 e o!r respect1 & seem lit]ally to we> !mselves out by excessive be>+1 produc+ annual crops ( l>ge & h&some fruit1 until1 utt]ly exhau/$1 !y rea* a premature end4 ,"s v>ieties1 t = _m ye>s yield$ v f9e crops ( ! mo/ beautiful fruit1 & ( ! highe/ "* = flavor1 h aft]w>d ceas$ to furni% any p]fect specim5s--! :ole crop be+ cov]$ & de=m$ ) ! black scab or fungus1 t prev5ts _! developm5t1 or else ru9$ by ! disagreeable bitt]-rot :i* entirely spoils !m = any use4 ,v>i\s rem$ies h be5 sugge/$ = ^! maladies1 all ( :i* are m or less unsatisfactory1 because f our ignorance ( ! causes ( ! tr\bles2 ^! applications are :olly empirical4 ,! ,black-knot1 :i* has become v common 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 is well discuss$ by ,b5jam9 ,d4 ,wal%1 9 ! ,practical ,entomologi/1 = ,m>*1 #ahff1 page #dh4 ,?is essay is ! m valuable because ( ! abs5ce ( ! empiricism j compla9$ (3-- ,x is a black1 puffy1 irregul> swell+ on ! twigs & small] limbs ( plum & *]ry trees1 &1 9 "o in/ance t came "u my p]sonal obs]vation ( pea* trees1 mak+ its fir/ appe>ance 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york e>ly 9 ,june1 & atta9+ its full gr[? by ! end ( ,july4 ,usually a tree1 t is attack$ 9 ?is mann]1 is affect$ worse & worse e ye>1 until x is f9ally kill$2 & :]ev] "o tree ( a gr\p is affect$1 ! malady usually spreads to !m all 9 process ( "t4 ,9 #ahfe :ole *]ry or*>ds 7 de/roy$ 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york by ?is disease1 & ,i h myself se5 _m gr\ps ( wild plum trees 9 ,ill9ois t 7 gradually p]i%+ by x2 b 9 ,s\!rn ,ohio1 z ,i am told1 ! ,black-knot is nev] met )4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates x has be5 obs]v$ f "t immemorial1 & v>i\s contradictory op9ions h be5 broa*$ z to its real nature & orig94 ,9 #ahfe ,i wat*$ ! ,black-knot c>efully ?r\gh all its /ages1 f its e>lie/ comm5cem5t to its complete maturity1 exp]im5t+ at ! same "t on num]\s specim5s collect$ week aft] week1 s z to asc]ta9 :at insects br$ 9 x4 ,! practical conclusion ,i h arriv$ at1 is simply ?is3--,if ! diseas$ twigs are all cut (f & de/roy$ e>ly 9 ,july 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 or a little e>li] or lat] accord+ to ! latitude1 tak+ c>e to cut a few in*es bel[ ! affect$ "p1 ! ,black-knot c be *eck$ & probably entirely eradicat$2 b if ?is op]ation is delay$ till ,augu/1 x w be ( no b5efit :atev]4 ,h5ce we c easily acc\nt = a circum/ance :i* has puzzl$ _m m5 wond]fully1 viz43 ,t cutt+ (f & burn+ ! diseas$ twigs is pron\nc$ by "s to be a sov]eign rem$y1 & by o!rs to be a delusive humbug4 ,^? t d ?is e>ly en\gh1 f9d x effectual2 ^? t delay x till too late1 f9d x ( no use4 ,?is p]haps w be suffici5t = "s few impati5t s\ls1 :o take ev]y?+ ^u tru/ t !y see 9 pr9t1 & c>e no?+ ab\t ! rationale ( a mode ( treatm5t1 s long z x be practically available4 ,b = ! b5efit ( t l>ge class ( intellig5t agriculturi/s1 :o h be5 delud$ by too _m quack prescriptions to place mu* fai? 9 any man's ipse dixit1 & :o 9 any case l to und]/& ! pr9ciple ( a rem$y be=e !y apply x1 ,i subjo9 a full acc\nt ( all t is at pres5t kn[n on ?is subject1 & ( ! diff]5t !ories respect+ x ent]ta9$ by diff]5t writ]s4 ,?ree radically diff]5t !ories h be5 broa*$ z to ! nature & orig9 ( ,black-knot3 #a/1 t x is a m]e disease ( ! tree1 l ! canc] or ! g\t 9 ! human race1 :i* is ! view ma9ta9$ by ,dr4 ,fit*1 ! ,/ate ,entomologi/ ( ,new ,york2 #b;d1 t x is :at naturali/s t]m a gall1 produc$ by "s unkn[n insect deposit+ its eggs 9 ! twig--j z ! well-kn[n oak-apples are produc$ by a ,gall-fly1 7,cynips71 deposit+ its egg 9 ! bud ( ! oak--:i* is ! op9ion t ,i myself =m]ly held & ma9ta9$1 be=e ,i _h fully exam9$ into ! subject2 7,proce$+s ,ent4 ,soc41 ,phil41 ,,iii1 p4p4 #fac-fah27 & #c;d1 t x is :at botani/s t]m an epiphyt\s fungus1 gr[+ on ! tree z a mu%room or toad-/ool gr[s on ! gr\nd1 :i* is ! op9ion ( ! botani/ ,s*we9itz1 & :i* has rec5tly be5 re-ass]t$ by ,mr4 ,glov]1 ! ,entomologi/ ( ! ,bureau ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 7,ag'l ,rep41 #ahfc1 p4 #egb47 ,?is la/ is ! op9ion :i*1 ^u full inquiry1 ,i h n[ adopt$4 ,be=e discuss+ ^! !ories1 ! facts arriv$ at by myself 9 ! summ] ( #ahfe1 mu/ fir/ be briefly notic$4 ,x %\ld be premis$ t ! old1 dry ,black-knot rema9s on ! tree = _m ye>s1 & t ! place to look = ! new ,black-knot is on su* trees z h be5 already attack$ & are load$ ) old ,black-knot1 )\t be+ z yet completely kill$ by x4 #a/4 ,by ! middle ( ,june ! new ,black-knot is pretty well develop$1 & may !n be readily di/+ui%$ f ! old by its dull1 opaque1 br[n-black color1 :ile ! old is coal-black & m or less glossy4 ,:5 cut into1 x is f\nd to be fle%y inside1 l an apple1 b n juicy1 & ( a pale gre5i%-yell[ color1 ) fibres radiat+ f ! axis ( ! twig1 :ile ! old ,black-knot is int]nally h>d & woody1 & ( a r$di%-br[n or ru/-r$ color4 ,! br[n-black color ( ! ext]nal surface is reta9$ till ! la/ week 9 ,july1 :5 ! surface ( ! new ,black-knot becomes gradually cov]$ all ov] ) little1 coal-black1 hemisph]ical plates1 appe>+ :5 view$ ?r\gh a pocket glass1 ab\t ! size ( ! head ( a p91 ea* ( ^! is a di/9ct fungus1 nam$ long ago by ,s*we9itz ',sphria morbosa4' ,ev5 on ! old ,black-knot ?is fungus may be readily se51 at any "t ( ! ye>1 cov]+ its entire surface4 ,s f> ,i h add$ little to ! in=mation already publi%$ on ?is subject1 except by ! specification ( dates4 ,b 9 addition to ^! facts1 ,i discov]$ t ab\t ! la/ ( ,july or ! fir/ week 9 ,augu/1 !re gr[s f ea* fungus on ! surface ( ! ,black-knot a little cyl9drical filam5t ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* long1 :i* no d\bt be>s ! se$ or spores1 z !y are te*nically t]m$1 ( ! fungus1 & t ^! filam5ts v %ortly aft]w>ds fall (f & disappe>1 leav+ beh9d !m ! hemisph]ical plates1 :i* alone _h be5 hi!rto notic$ by ! botani/s4 ,9 ano!r ,epiphyt\s fungus1 :i* gr[s commonly & abundantly 9 ,ill9ois on ! ,r$ ,c$>1 b :i* diff]s f ! ,black-knot 9 be+ atta*$ to ! twig by a v %ort /alk or p$uncle1 & 9 be+ r\ndi% & ext]nally ( a r$di%-br[n color in/ead ( elongate & black1 !re is a precisely simil> ph5om5on2 except t ! plates & filam5ts are v mu* l>g]1 & t ea* filam5t1 :5 x falls (f1 leaves a ragg$ sc> beh9d x4 ,9 a s+le specim5 ( ,black-knot notic$ ,augu/ #f?1 ,i discov]$ t ! filam5ts n only cov]$ ! entire surface ( ! ,black-knot itself1 except :]e a few ( !m _h already fall5 (f1 b t !y 7 ?9ly /udd$ ov] ! twig = an in* or two above & bel[ ! swoll5 black "p2 ?us prov+ t ! fungus sometimes ext5ds r fur!r ?an on a cursory view x w\ld appe> to d4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ,augu/1 ! new ,black-knot1 hav+ p]fect$ its se$1 gradually dries up & becomes int]nally ( a r$di%-br[n color4 ,9 o!r words1 l s _m o!r annual plants1 x dies %ortly aft] x has p]fect$ its se$1 j z a /alk ( :eat or ( corn dies %ortly aft] ! gra9 is ripe4 #b;d4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july ,i collect$ f "t to "t v num]\s specim5s ( ,black-knot1 "s ( :i* ,i cut into to see :at l>v !y conta9$1 & "s ,i pres]v$ to see :at p]fect insects c\ld be br$ f !m4 ,besides sev5 specim5s ( ! common ,curculio1 :i* _m p]sons _h previ\sly br$ f ,black-knot1 ,i br$ = ! fir/ "t !refrom no less ?an five di/9ct species ( insects1 none ( :i* c be consid]$ z gall-mak]s1 b n a s+le true gall-mak]2 & ,i c confirm ,dr4 ,fit*'s ass]tion1 t "s specim5s are :olly free f l>v ( any k9d :5 cut into4 ,we w n[ take up 9 ord] ! ?ree diff]5t !ories respect+ ! nature & orig9 ( ,black-knot1 :i*1 z already /at$1 h be5 ma9ta9$ by diff]5t writ]s4 #a/4 ,t ,black-knot is a m]e disease l ! canc]4--,dr4 ,fit*1 :o ma9ta9s ?is op9ion1 all[s t ! black granules f\nd on ! ,black-knot are a true fungus1 't ! surface ( ^! excresc5ces1 :5 mature1 is always cov]$ ) ?is plant1' & t '?is plant nev] gr[s1 or at lea/ has nev] be5 f\nd1 9 any o!r situation4' 7,address ,n4,y4 ,/ate ,ag'l ,soc41 #ahfj1 p4 #ba47 99 99 99 #b;d4 ,t ,black-knot is a gall4--,z already /at$1 !re is no true gall-mak+ insect t inhabits ! ,black-knot1 s f> z ,i c discov] on ! fulle/ & mo/ ext5sive inve/igation t ,i h be5 able to give to ! subject4 ,! m9ute holes commonly f\nd 9 ! old dry ,black-knot1 :i* are too l>ge ei!r = ! ',curculio' or = ! small mo?s br$ by myself f ,black-knot1 are ( a suitable size = ei!r ( ! two dipt]\s' insects :i* ,i h enum]at$ 9 a note z br$ by myself f ,black-knot4 ,consequ5tly ! argum5t :i* ,i bas$ ^u ! exi/5ce ( ^! m9ute holes 7,proc4 ,ent4 ,soc4 ,phil4 ,,iii1 p4 #fad7 falls to ! gr\nd2 & al?\gh ,i f\nd on "o occasion ! l>va ( a ,gall-gnat emb$d$ 9 a cell 9 a ,black-knot1 yet ?is 0 mo/ probably t ( ! ,gue/ ,gall-gnat :i* ,i actually br$ f ,black-knot1 z /at$ 9 ! note1 & n ( a true gall-mak+ ,gall-gnat4 #c;d4 ,t ,black knot is a fungus4--,j z ,dr4 ,fit*1 hav+ prov$ to 8 own satisfaction t ,black-knot is nei!r a gall nor a fungus1 inf]s by ! me?od ( exhau/ion t x mu/ be a disease2 s1 hav+ prov$ t x is nei!r a disease nor a gall1 we may inf] by ! me?od ( exhau/ion t x mu/ be a fungus1 or r an assemblage ( funguses4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is !ory may be adduc$ ! v rem>kable analogies betwe5 ! /ructure ( ! ,black-knot & t ( ! fungus1 describ$ above z occurr+ on ,r$ ,c$>4 ,t ?is la/ is really & truly a fungus & n a gall1 is %[n by ! fact1 t x is sc>cely ev] inhabit$ by insects2 = out ( hundr$s ( specim5s t ,i h cut into1 bo? gre5 & dry1 n m ?an two or ?ree conta9$ ! l>v ( ! mo?s1 b "o conta9$ :at 0 probably ! l>va ( an ,i*neumon-fly1 & all ! re/ 7 p]fectly solid & unbor$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,black-knot is s infe/$ by insects1 t x is almo/ impossible to f9d a mature specim5 t is n all bor$ up by !m4 ,! cause ( ?is rem>kable diff]5ce may be attribut$ to ! well-kn[n repugnance ( almo/ all k9ds ( insects = ,r$ ,c$>4 ,if1 !n1 ,black-knot is a fungus1 & if1 z ,i ?9k ,i h %[n1 x is an annual plant propagat+ itself by se$ or ! s-call$ 'spores1' & ! 'spores' make _! appe>ance ab\t ! end ( ,july 9 latitude #da #cj'1 !n x mu/ be obvi\s t if all ! ,black-knot on a p>ticul> tree is cut (f & de/roy$ 9 ! =e-"p ( ,july1 or a little e>li] or lat] z y g fur!r s\? or fur!r nor?1 an effectual /op w be put to its fur!r propagation4 ,x is true t ! 'spores' are 9 ! =m ( an impalpable p[d]1 s t !y may be c>ri$ "s consid]able di/ance f o!r infect$ trees by ! w9d2 & x may possibly be fur!r true1 t c]ta9 'spores' may lie dormant 9 ! b>k = ov] a ye>1 z ! se$s ( we$s w (t5 lie dormant 9 ! gr\nd4 ,/ill1 ) all ^! possible drawbacks1 ,i h little d\bt t ! above rem$y w1 z a g5]al rule1 if appli$ accord+ to directions1 be f\nd effectual4 ,! =ego+ is int]e/+ z giv+ ! conclusions ( an entomologi/ :o _h inve/igat$ ! subject1 & arriv$ at ! same result t _h be5 rea*$ by a botani/ _m ye>s be=e4 ,s*we9itz1 9 #ahcb1 publi%$ ! correct hi/ory ( ! ,black-knot 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 ,april1 #ahfc1 p4 #aac1 ,mr4 ,c4,f4 ,au/9 confirm$ ,s*we9itz's obs]vations1 & gave a popul> acc\nt ( ! botany ( ?is fungus1 ) figures4 ,x may be consid]$ z fully e/abli%$ t ! knot is ( vegetable orig92 & :5ev] insects or l>v are f\nd 9 x1 x is only because !y f9d a diseas$ portion ( ! tree suit$ to _! necessities4 ,,rot ,,& ,,mildew ^u ! grape bo? de/roy our crops1 & r5d] ! v9es unheal?y4 ,w\ld t ,i 7 able to give ! read] "s enc\ragem5t z to its cause & prev5tion1 or cure2 b "s ( our olde/ & mo/ exp]i5c$ v9e-plant]s h come to ! conclusion1 z to treatm5t1 t ! m !y f9d out1 ! m !y don't "k4 ,x is n[ g5]ally conc$$ t x is caus$ by a fungus gr[?4 ,t on ! leaves is probably ! ,oidium ,tuck]i1 & x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! mildew & rot ( ! b]ries is ow+ to ! same cause4 ,! microscope cle>ly indicates its fungoid "*4 ,z to ! causes1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! wea!r favors or prev5ts its access1 & t s f> x is a proximate cause1 b t ! spores are ! true orig9 ( ! tr\ble4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society1 ^: memb]s h long _h opportunities ( /udy+ ?is malady1 h come to ! foll[+ conclusions1 :i*1 x w be se51 are n v satisfactory4 ,to ! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society3--,we h be5 appo9t$ by y to dis*>ge a c]ta9 function4 ,hav+ exam9$ ! premises & consid]$ ! subject1 we d n[ report3 ,t1 not)/&+ ! disc\ragem5ts att5dant ^u ! exp]i5ce ( mo/ v9e-dress]s dur+ ! pa/ season1 we are det]m9$ to p]sev]e 9 viticulture1 = ! foll[+ among o!r reasons3 ,we h our capital inve/$ 9 a way :i* has be5 pr(itable1 & we believe w be s aga94 ,our l&s are occupi$ ) a gr[? t has requir$ "t & labor to produce1 & :i* we are unwill+ to sacrifice4 ,we d n believe t ! diseases to :i* ! v9es & fruit h be5 subject$1 are dep5d5t ^u long prun+ or %ort prun+1 ^u deep culture or %all[1 nor any ( ! causes to :i* x has be5 attribut$1 t are "u ! imm$iate control ( man1 b t ! cause is ,,climatic4 ,we d n believe t ! rot & mildew c be w>d$ (f by leav+ ! wood ^u ! v9es1 nor t ! usual v9ey>d me?od call$ %ort prun+1 w r5d] our v9ey>ds m subject to ?is disease4 ,we d believe1 h[ev]1 t we h yet mu* to le>n 9 reg>d to ! philosophy ( prun+ :i* x 7 well = u to /udy1 & t by s do+ we may ga!r "s useful h9ts 9 relation to ?is v important "p ( a v9e-gr[]'s duties4 ,we d believe1 z a result ( our obs]vations1 t "s v>ieties ( grapes are m heal?y & vigor\s ?an o!rs2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 t "s are peculi>ly subject to ! inroads ( ^! maladies :i* h s t]ribly affect$ ! fruit1 ! foliage1 & ! gre5 wood ( our v9es4 ,we d firmly believe1 t our societies %\ld avoid recomm5d+ ! ext5sive plant+ ( any trees or v9es t h n prov$ !mselves g5]al heal?y1 & free f ! maladies 9 "q1 = a numb] ( ye>s1 aft] trial 9 diff]5t situations4 ,we d believe t sy/ematic ef=ts %\ld be made ) diff]5t rem$ial & prev5tive ag5ts1 to av]t ! disa/]s t h ov]tak5 our v9e-crops ( late ye>s1 &1 ) ?is view1 z we h reason to believe t ! difficulty dep5ds ^u ! exi/5ce ( "s epiphytic plant1 & z we are in=m$ t sulphur & sulphate ( iron ex]t an obnoxi\s influ5ce ^u ! :ole class ( fungi1 we recomm5d our bro!r v9e-dress]s to take c\rage1 & to make vigor\s & sy/ematic ef=ts to w>d (f ! difficulty ! com+ season1 by ! regul> & p]sev]+ applications ( ^! sub/ances to _! grape v9es4 ,= y\r enc\ragem5t1 we w also ref] y to ! hi/ory ( ! v9ey>ds ( ,europe1 :i* h suff]$ 9 l mann]1 & :i* h at l5g? recup]at$ _! en]gies & become productive4 ,:y may n ! same good =tune await u8 ,v respectfully submitt$1 by ,r4 ,,bu*anan1 ,*airman4 ,,footnotes3 #af ,trans4 ,horticultural ,society1 ,london1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cjh2 & ,am4 ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 ,m>*1 #ahdj4 #ag ,trans4 ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society1 #ahfe4 #ah ,c9c9nati ,hort4 ,soc4 ,report4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,site ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d4 ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,importance1 ,,n ,,( ,,m]e ,,conv5i5ce4 ,,l[ ,,valleys ,,lea/ ,,desirable4 ,,bas9s1 ,,ev5 ,,if ,,elevat$1 ,,subject ,,to ,,fro/s4 ,,local ,,diff]5ces ,,( ,,temp]ature1 ,,(t5 ,,fatal ,,to ,,t5d] ,,vegetation4 ,,! ,,fro/ ,,l9e ,,n ,,dep5d5t ,,^u ,,m]e ,,elevation1 ,,b ,,^u ,,relative ,,altitude4 ,,mod]ate ,,bluffs ,,beside ,,valleys1 ,,or ,,ridges ,,9 ,a ,,prairie1 ,,are ,,bett] ,,?an ,,high ,,valleys ,,among ,,m\nta9s4 ,,drift ,,=mations1 ,,pres5t ,,inequalities ,,( ,,surface4 ,,favorable ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,wat] ,,( ,,riv]s ,,& ,,lakes ,,^u ,,! ,,climate4 ,,insul> ,,positions ,,& ,,lacu/r9e ,,situations ,,h ,a ,,peculi> ,,climate4 ,,fogs4 ,,lat5t ,,heat ,,becom+ ,,s5sible4 ,,meteorology ,,w ,,furni% ,,aid ,,to ,,! ,,or*>di/4 ,,cold ,,/orms4 ,aspect4 ,,protection ,,f ,,w9ds1 ,,especially ,a ,,prairie ,,"q4 ,,effects ,,( ,,agitation ,,9 ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,,belts ,,& ,,scre5s ,,( ,,timb] ,,desirable4 ,,w9t] ,,kill+ ,,(t5 ,,dep5d5t ,,^u ,,! ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,tree4 ,,v>ieties ,,mo/ ,,subject ,,to ,,?is4 ,,li/s4 ,,soils1 ,,p]meable ,,& ,,t5aci\s4 ,,adaptation ,,( ,,sorts ,,to ,,soils4 ,,geological ,,=mations ,,to ,,be ,,obs]v$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,selections4 ,,site4--,! selection ( a suitable site = an or*>d is a matt] ( no small mom5t to him :o w\ld be a successful gr[] ( f9e fruits4 ,)\t1 at ?is "t1 paus+ to inquire into ! *>act]s ( ! soil1 let u exam9e m p>ticul>ly ! aspect ( ! field to be appropriat$ to ?is important crop2 = ! or*>d is a p]man5t inve/m5t1 & s mu* dep5ds ^u ! site1 t we %\ld make "s sacrifice ( our conv5i5ce1 r ?an commit any error 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 let x be und]/ood t ! or*>d %\ld be well expos$ to ! sun & air4 ,! lea/ desirable positions = or*>d plant+ are n>r[ valleys1 p>ticul>ly lime/one valleys 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 trav]s$ by a small brook1 or :]e ! surface is sp\ty f spr+s or subjac5t wat]4 ,ev5 if su* depressions are consid]ably elevat$1 b surr\nd$ by high] & abrupt elevations1 !y w be f\nd obnoxi\s to late & e>ly fro/s 9 spr+ & fall1 especially ! =m]1 :i* are (t5 disa/r\s 9 su* situations1 aft] ! fruit-buds h exp&$ 9 ^! %elt]$ nooks4 ,e "o at all conv]sant ) meteorological obs]vations made 9 a brok5 c\ntry1 is aw>e ( ! diff]5t range ( temp]ature t w be indicat$ by in/rum5ts susp5d$ at diff]5t elevations4#ai ,:5 ! cool+ influ5ce ( radiation has l[]$ ! temp]ature ( ! surface ( ! e>? & ( objects ne> x1 ! /ratum ( air 9 imm$iate contact w be *ill$1 & gr[+ heavi]1 w fl[ d[n into ! mo/ depress$ situations1 &1 accumulat+ !re1 w cause a diff]5ce ( sev]al degrees ( temp]ature4 ,?is1 :5 ne> ! freez+ po9t1 w be ( ! greate/ consequ5ce to t5d] vegetation1 :i* may be pres]v$ 9 p]fect safety at =ty degrees1 b w be de/roy$ at ?irty degrees1 or ev5 at a high] po9t1 9 "s cases4 ,! fro/ l9e becomes a v important subject ( inquiry 9 ! selection ( an or*>d site1 & 9 "s c\ntries we f9d t its position may be def9itely settl$ )9 a limit$ range ( elevation2 n t a c]ta9 level c be indicat$1 above :i* !re w always be an immunity f fro/1 :ile all bel[ w suff]1 b we may approximate1 9 c]ta9 situations1 s ne>ly z to indicate t c]ta9 sites are safe or unsafe4 ,nor is x ! absolute elevation alone t is to be tak5 into ! acc\nt2 9 any giv5 locality1 we may assume t ! high] ! or*>d is situat$ above ! wat] levels1 ! saf] x w be1 & t ! l[e/ depressions are ! mo/ unsafe or fro/y4 ,x is n always ! m]e elevation1 b r ! relative elevation ( ! site1 t r5d]s x m desirable ?an ano!r 9 ! same region4 ,!re are _m or*>ds t are situat$ ^u a mod]ate bluff1 ) a rapid desc5t ( only a few feet or y>ds1 into a swale or valley ( mod]ate ext5t2 ^! we f9d to be un9jur$1 :5 ano!r at a great] elevation1 b 9 a depress$ bas9 surr\nd$ by high] l&s1 w be f\nd to h suff]$ f ! influ5ce ( fro/4 ,9 ! "o case1 ! cold air c\ld fl[ (f rapidly into ! adjo9+ depression1 :ile 9 ! o!r1 ! cold air f adjo9+ slopes w\ld collect1 & accumulate 9 ! situations describ$4 ,9 ! great plateaus ( ! _w1 we (t5 f9d imm5se tracts ( l& s ne>ly ( ! same level z sc>cely to af=d suffici5t dra9age = ! surplus wat]2 ( c\rse1 we %\ld expect to f9d1 9 su* places1 little v>iation ( temp]ature aris+ f diff]5ce 9 elevation4 ,b ev5 9 su* situations1 :e!r we exam9e ! table-l&s ( our timb]$ regions1 or ! ext5d$ areas ( ! prairie c\ntry1 we %all f9d t ! drift =mation :i* cov]s ^! va/ tracts1 has n be5 di/ribut$ ev5ly1 b t !re are successive rolls or swells frequ5tly recurr+1 :i* give1 9 "s in/ances1 consid]able v>iations ( level4 ,a bold ridge1 ( fifty feet or m 9 hight1 rises abruptly f ! level prairie1 /ret*+ along = miles1 & af=d+ admirable exposures = or*>d sites4 ,su* places are obs]v$ to be free f late & e>ly fro/s4 ,9 o!r places1 !re is an abrupt depression ( ! surface1 answ]+ ! same purpose--draw+ (f ! cold air4 ,^! may be v mod]ate 9 _! ext5t1 z ! prairie sl\ghs1 or !y may be small vales1 ! c\rses ( ! m9or /reams1 or ( l>g] ext5t1 ! valleys ( riv]s1 or ! depressions ( lakes4 ,9 ^! latt] cases1 ! modify+ influ5ces ( consid]able bodies ( wat] ent] into ! fro/ problem z an elem5t ( no mean value4 ,x may be ask$3 ,h[ d ^! masses ( wat] affect ! fro/8 ,sci5ce answ]s3 ,by _! evaporat$ moi/ure influ5c+ ! atmosph]e4 ,?is may save u f ! blight+ influ5ce ( fro/1 by envelop+ ! froz5 vegetation 9 a wet blanket ( fog2 enabl+ x to be ?aw$ 9 ! d>k1 z x 71 by :i* we avoid ! influ5ce ( a bright sun%9e1 t w\ld h de/roy$ ! tissues _h !y be5 sudd5ly expos$ to x :5 froz54 ,an equally important result is d]iv$ f ! direct influ5ce ( ! humidity ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* modifies ! temp]ature rem>kably1 z 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( l>ge bodies ( wat]4 ,insul> situations especially1 ev5 :5 l[1 are kn[n to h a m g5ial climate 9 consequ5ce ( ?is condition ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* dep5ds ^u ! l>ge am\nt ( caloric t is pres5t 9 ! lat5t =m1 9 ! vapor1 & :i* becomes s5sible heat z fa/ z ! moi/ure is cond5s$2 z well z by ! s5sible caloric1 ! absolute w>m? ( ! wat]1 affect+ ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,we ?us see t v opposite situations1 9 reg>d to m]e elevation1 may bo? be recomm5d$ = or*>ds2 b ! latt] are ! exceptions r ?an ! rule1 = we c n always c\nt ^u ! sav+ influ5ce ( a fog1 nor are ! modify+ effects ( a mod]ate %eet ( wat] always to be dep5d$ ^u at ! "t :5 mo/ ne$$4 ,/ill1 we may f9d a few favor$ spots1 :]e an insul> position1 9 a lacu/r9e situation1 receives a d\ble influ5ce--act+ at bo? extremities ( ! season ( vegetation1 9 q an opposite way1 b 9 bo? act+ favorably4 ,9 su* places we %all discov] t ! spr+ op5s late1 be+ ret>d$ by ! cold atmosph]e fl[+ ov] ! *ill$ wat]s1 t may be ev5 icy1 :5 inl& places 9 ! same latitude are rejoic+ 9 a mild & g5ial temp]ature1 tempt+ ! expansion ( ! fl[]-buds4 ,vegetation on an isl& ?us situat$ is ret>d$ until all dang] ( fro/ has pass$1 & ! air has receiv$ ! full b5efit ( w>m? f ! wat]4 ,!n1 aga91 9 ! autumn1 :5 we are 9 dang] f ! access ( an e>ly fro/1 su* z sometimes1 nor? ( latitude =ty degrees1 de/roys ! :ole crop ( corn1 almo/ univ]sally1 ov] hundr$s ( miles1 ^! favor$ spots h really a w>m] atmosph]e1 f ! influ5ce ( a great ext5t ( wat]1 t has enjoy$ a summ]'s sun%9e1 & :i* w>ms ! air by giv+ (f its heat v /eadily1 b sl[ly2 & besides1 z ! surface ( ! l& cools by radiation & cond5ses ! wat]y vapor1 x receives accessions ( temp]ature t _h be5 lock$ up1 or 0 ins5sible 9 ! vapor4 ,h5ce we f9d t 9 ^! places1 ?\gh ! op5+ ( spr+ 0 ret>d$ a mon?1 ! approa* ( w9t] & autumnal fro/s is w>d$ (f = two mon?s1 mak+ ! season really "o mon? long] ?an 9 ! same latitude inl&4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ! subject ( meteorology is n fully und]/ood4 ,we h b a glimm]+ ( ! light t we hope is to be %$ ^u ! subject :5 ! d$uctions f millions ( obs]vations1 long cont9u$ & sy/ematically conduct$1 %all h be5 wr\ght out = ! b5efit ( ! or*>di/ & ! g5]al agriculturi/4 ,we also h /orms accompani$ by a l[ temp]ature1 pass+ across ! c\ntry1 9 :i*1 at times1 ! greate/ int5sity ( cold is at ! s\!rn bord]4 ,su* a "o pass$ f ! we/ to ! ea/ 9 ,janu>y1 #aheb1 9 :i* ! m]cury1 ne> ,m>ietta1 ,o41 sank to ?irty degrees bel[ z]o2 at ,zanesville1 ,o41 on ! same riv]1 x 0 tw5ty-sev5 degrees2 at ,lanca/]1 ,o41 ?irty-two degrees2 :ile at ,clevel&1 ,o41 x 0 only fifte5 degrees bel[1 & at ,aurora1 on ,cayuga ,lake1 ,n4,y41 influ5c$ by ! unfroz5 wat]1 its greate/ depression 0 only f\r degrees bel[ z]o4#bj ,,aspect4--,:5 consid]+ ! or*>d site1 ! be/ aspect ( ! gr\nd becomes a matt] ( int]e/+ inquiry4 ,to all vegetation1 ! morn+ sun is a welcome visitant aft] ! night's repose2 = plants1 z well z animals1 re/ f _! functions at night1 & all nature rejoices 9 ! return ( day2 h5ce an ea/]n or a s\!a/]n exposure is g5]ally pref]r$1 b we f9d t practically !re is little diff]5ce 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( an or*>d t c be fairly ref]r$ to ?is cause4 ,"s plant]s pref] a s\!rn slope1 ?9k+ t ! fulle/ exposure to ! sun is ess5tial2 o!rs select a nor!rn aspect1 9 ! hope t !y may !re avoid a too e>ly excitation ( vegetable life1 & also t ! heats ( summ] may be ?us mod]at$4 ,9 my own op9ion1 ! aspect is a matt] ( little consequ5ce to ! success ( an or*>d1 ?\gh my pr$ilections are 9 favor ( an ea/]ly exposure4 ,! dang] ( a s\!rn aspect 9 summ]1 & ! advantages ( ! nor!rn slope1 may1 9 a great degree1 be obta9$ or obviat$ by judici\s plant+ & prun+1 z w be set =? 9 ano!r place4 ,a !ory has be5 />t$ by ^? :o are oppos$ to a nor!rly slope1 t vegetation cont9ues lat] 9 ! season 9 su* situations1 especially ) "y trees1 & t h5ce !y are n 9 s good a condition to resi/ ! access ( v sev]e wea!r at ! sudd5 sett+ 9 ( w9t]4 ,! hypo!sis is n su/a9$ by long-cont9u$ obs]vation1 al?\gh _m facts not$ 9 ! autumn & w9t] ( #ahei induc$ p]sons to embrace ! !ory2 ^! 7 p>ticul>ly ! kill+ ( ! pea*-buds1 ^u nor!rn slopes1 by ! ,decemb] fro/s4 ,!re is no evid5ce t !re 0 any want ( p]fect rip5+ ( ! wood 9 ^! situations2 on ! contr>y1 x is well kn[n t1 long be=e ,decemb]1 ! gr[? ( ^! v trees _h be5 *eck$1 ! wood _h be5 well rip5$1 & ! foliage _h be5 ca/ to ! gr\nd4 ,! w>m] exposure ( a s\!rn slope may1 & (t5 does1 favor ! premature swell+ ( ! buds & />t+ ( ! sap dur+ mild1 pleasant1 & bright wea!r 9 ! w9t]1 & vegetation is (t5 s]i\sly injur$ f ?is cause4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 x is mu* m important to consid] ! exposure to ! prevail+ w9ds ( ! region1 & to select ! site & aspect t %all enjoy ! b5efit ( protection4 ,?is1 ,i am aw>e1 is a proposition t has _h oppon5ts2 z well z advocates1 9 ! broad savannas ( ! ,we/1 :]e1 especially1 x becomes a "q ( ! greate/ importance4 ,!re are b5efits z well z evils att5dant ^u ! motions ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! sway+ ( ! limbs1 :5 agitat$ by ! breeze1 gives !m tone & /r5g?1 & may assi/ 9 ! circulation ( ! sap )9 _! cells2 & ! con/ant agitation ( ! atmosph]e1 comm+l+ ! w>m] ) ! cold] portions1 w (t5 modify ! temp]ature to su* an ext5t z to give an immunity f ! fro/ 9 ! op5 prairie1 at ! same mom5t t ! m tranquil air1 )9 a limit$ cle>+ ( =e/ l&s1 has be5 cool$ d[n1 by radiation1 to ! fro/ po9t4 ,on e acc\nt1 !re=e1 ! mod]ate & reasonable exposure to ! influ5ces ( a mobile atmosph]e is r to be c\rt$ ?an %unn$4 ,! views t h be5 advanc$ by ! advocates ( protection = or*>ds on ! prairies1 h be5 some:at modifi$ s9ce !y 7 fir/ promulgat$4 ,we are n[ told1 by ^? :o h oppos$ protection1 t n>r[ timb]-belts ( ev]gre5s & decidu\s trees1 %\ld be plant$ on ! w9dw>d sides ( or*>ds1 to mod]ate1 n to cut (f1 ! a]ial curr5ts2 9 ?is all w agree1 & ^? :o h any sympa?y = a tree w surely pref] to h ! bla/s1 t sweep ov] miles ( op5 c\ntry1 some:at *eck$ & temp]$ be=e rea*+ ei!r !mselves or _! or*>ds4 ,! te/imony z to ! effects ( cold 9 %elt]$ & 9 expos$ situations1 x mu/ be confess$1 appe>s some:at contradictory2 b ?is is because we h n all ! elem5ts ( a complex problem4 ,,w9t]-,,kill+4--,a mo/ s]i\s evil1 bo? to ! nurs]yman & or*>di/1 is ! sev]e injury sometimes done to ! trees by fro/4 ,?is is commonly kn[n by ! t]m w9t]-kill+1 :i* has1 at times1 de/roy$ millions ( trees1 & ?us blight$ ! hopes ( long-cont9u$ labor & l>ge inve/m5ts ( capital4 ,"s or*>di/s h be5 di%e>t5$1 & h giv5 up 9 despair4 ,! inve/igation ( ! causes ( ?is disa/]1 & ! conditions "u :i* x occurs1 w be ( great value to future plant]s2 & ?\gh1 p]haps1 we h n yet at comm& suffici5t data = ! full explanation ( ! ph5om5on1 x may be well to look into ! att5dant circum/ances t h be5 obs]v$2 & z "s ( ! mo/ important consid]ations dep5d ^u ! soil & exposure1 !y may be well introduc$ 9 ?is place4 ,i h already allud$ to ! !ory1 t ! nor? hillsides ma9ta9 a lat] gr[? ?an o!r situations1 & h /at$ t ! facts d n su/a9 ! position4 ,! w>m exposures on s\!rn slopes & %elt]$ nooks1 are apt to favor ! premature />t+ ( ! sap 9 ! mild wea!r t (t5 occurs dur+ ! w9t]1 9 our *angeable climate4 ,on ! prairies1 & on flat l&s else:]e1 an excess ( humidity 9 ! soil w contribute to ?is disa/]2 & 9 su* situations we may (t5 obs]ve ! mo/ t]rible de/ruction foll[+ a great & sudd5 *ange ( temp]ature4 ,exposure to long-cont9u$ cold1 ) sev]e w9ds1 seems to dry up ! juices ( ! plants1 9 "s in/ances1 & ?us effect _! de/ruction4 ,?is1 9 ! f> ,nor?1 is believ$ to be a frequ5t cause ( ! evil4 ,! condition ( ! tree ^u ! access ( sev]e cold is too important a subject to be lo/ sight (1 & has already be5 allud$ to4 ,( any giv5 v>iety1 ! m p]fectly dormant ! plant1 & ! m complete its condition ( hyb]nation1 ! great] w be its immunity f ?is evil4 ,! atmosph]ic *anges & conditions we c n control1 & we c modify !m only 9 a v limit$ degree1 by h$ges1 by timb]-belts1 & by ev]gre5 scre5s1 ! value ( :i* beg9s to be appreciat$4 ,! /ate ( ! soil1 z to its moi/ure1 is "u our control1 & by ?or\gh & surface-dra9age1 we may obviate "o v important condition t conduces l>gely to ! injury "u consid]ation--! excess ( moi/ure 9 & ^u ! soil4 ,! m p]fect rip5+ ( ! wood1 is likewise a matt] ( great mom5t1 & ?is is also subject to our control1 p>ticul>ly 9 "y trees 9 ! nurs]y & or*>d4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties are mu* m subject to injury f cold ?an o!rs4 ,among ^! are "s ( ! mo/ ?rifty & free gr[+ sorts4 ,!re appe>s to be an inh]5t quality ( h>d9ess 9 o!rs1 t enables !m to resi/ ! mo/ try+ alt]nations ( temp]ature4 ,:y "s %\ld be ?us h>dy1 & o!rs t5d]1 we d n "k1 b x is n _! ,nor!rn or ,s\!rn orig92 "s hav+ ! =m] are mo/ t5d]4 ,sad exp]i5ce has taught u ! fact1 & s9ce ! dreadful w9t]s ( ! pa/ decade1 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,we/1 ! fir/ "q ask$1 respect+ a new v>iety ( fruit1 is t reg>d+ its h>d9ess4 ,pomological societies h endeavor$ to collate ! names ( ! h>dy & t5d] k9ds1 & h ?us1 by _! unit$ exp]i5ce1 be5 enabl$ to pres5t li/s ( a few ( ! kn[n h>dy apples1 = ! guidance ( plant]s4 ,,soils4--,x w be prop]1 9 ?is place1 to say some?+ ab\t ! soils be/ adapt$ to or*>d+4 ,! apple is a gross fe$]1 b a good-natur$ "o1 &1 l a good citiz5 & a cosmopolite1 x submits to surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 x fl\ri%es alike on ! granite hills ( ,new ,engl&1 or ! m\nta9 ranges /ret*+ !nce to ! s\?we/1 9 ! lime/one valleys amid ^! ridges1 on ! s&/ones & %ales t =m ! s\!a/]n rim ( ! great valley ( ! ,we/1 ^u ! va/ drift =mations t ov]lie ! rocks f ! tide-wat]s ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ! s\rces ( ! ,miss\ri1 ^u ! ri* diluvial & alluvial deposits ( our riv] bottoms1 & our va/ prairies4 ,i h said t ! apple fl\ri%es alike ^u ^! v>i\s soils & "u ^! s diff]5t circum/ances2 p]haps ?is expression %\ld be some:at modifi$2 !re are v>ieties t appe> peculi>ly adapt$ by _! nature = all ( ^! diff]5t situations2 !re are1 p]haps1 none t w ?rive equally well 9 all4 ,! or*>di/s ( ea* section ( ! c\ntry mu/ asc]ta9 = !mselves :at v>ieties are be/ adapt$ to ! peculi>ities ( _! soil & climate2 h5ce1 no "o region c furni% li/s ( v>ieties to be tak5 z a guide = ! plant+ ( o!rs diff]5tly situat$4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! importance ( local organizations = pomological /udy1 & ! great value ( ! labors ( ^? :o are engag$ 9 ! prosecution ( ^! inve/igations 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 :i* w1 x is fondly hop$1 ultimately give u correct$ li/s ( fruits t are adapt$ to all ! v>y+ circum/ances ( soil & climate1 9 ea* ( ! great geological regions ( our c\ntry4 ,?is has already be5 propos$ by ! excell5t g5]al *airman ( ,fruit ,committees1 z an important "w = ! ,national ,society2 & s soon z ! subject receives a fair consid]ation1 its m]its w be appreciat$1 & a union ( ! be/ m9ds1 & ! be/ exp]i5ce ( ! pomologi/s ( ea* di/rict1 w be conc5trat$ ^u ?is labor4 ,let me n be misappreh5d$ 9 ! /atem5t1 j made1 ) reg>d to ! wide di/ribution ( :i* ! apple appe>s to be capable4 ,!re are soils & situations1 9 all ( ! widely-sep>at$ regions allud$ to1 t are :olly unfitt$ to or*>d culture1 ^u :i* x 7 folly to plant an apple-tree2 & yet1 _m ( ^? may be r5d]$ entirely suitable1 if subject$ to treatm5t1 sugge/$ by sci5ce1 & execut$ by human +5uity & indu/ry2 ! miss+ elem5t may be suppli$1 ! compactness ( ! soil may be ov]come by me*anical comm9ution1 & by t effect$ by a]ation2 ! excessive moi/ure may be remov$ by surface & ?or\gh dra9age2 o!r disqualifications1 su* z ^? ( situation & climate1 may n be s readily ov]come2 !y h already be5 allud$ to2 & ev5 9 !m we may hope = improvem5t ) ! advance ( sci5ce4 ,diff]5t soils may be designat$ z por\s & compact4 ,leav+ out ( view = ! pres5t1 _! *emical composition1 let u look to _! me*anical /ructure4 ,por\s soils are compos$ ( mat]ials t always all[ ( ! escape ( sup]abundant moi/ure2 !y are g5]ally und]laid by b$s ( diluvial gravels1 or by rocks ( a por\s "*4 ,su* l&s are peculi>ly adapt$ to or*>d plant+4 ,! compact soil1 on ! contr>y1 is made up ( ! f9e/ mat]ials1 among :i* alum9a l>gely pr$om9ates4 ,su* are call$ clayey soils or clays1 & are among ! mo/ valuable ^u ! surface ( ! e>?1 n because alum9a is a compon5t ( vegetation1 b because ! elem5ts associat$ ) x1 are all ( !m 9 a /ate ( extreme comm9ution4 ,clays are compact soils1 n only by reason ( ! f95ess ( _! p>ticles1 b because ! pr$om9at+ alum9a swells & becomes pa/y :5 x is wet1 & ?us prev5ts ! passage ( wat] ?r\gh !m4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 soils t are too compact1 especially if !y be und]laid by /iff clay subsoils1 are n s well adapt$ to or*>d+ z ^? t are m por\s4 ,?is is especially true ( level l&s1 ^u :i* wat] accumulates1 to ! great injury ( ! fruit-trees plant$ ^u !m2 b ev5 9 hilly situations1 ) good natural surface dra9age1 ! excess ( clay is indicat$ by a sp\ty condition ( ! surface4 ,s _m v>ieties succe$ 9 clayey l&s1 h[ev]1 & "s are s sup]ior 9 _! products :5 plant$ ^u clays1 t we ne$ n be disc\rag$ by ?is app>5t difficulty2 x may be ov]come by ! +5uity ( ! skillful f>m]4 ,?or\gh or "u-dra9age w rem$y all ! evils ( clay soils1 & br+ out _! sup]ior advantages4 ,?is w be m fully expla9$ 9 ano!r place4 ,mu* may be done t[>d remov+ ! r$undant moi/ure1 ev5 9 ! flat clay l&s ( ! prairies & o!r ext5d$ plateaus1 by ! simple means ( ridg+ up ! l&s ) ! pl[4 ,:at is famili>ly call$ back-furr[+ enables ! pl[man to raise a ridge ^u :i* to plant 8 trees1 & at ! same "t he op5s a furr[ = ! escape ( surface wat]4 ,:ile a portion ( ! r$undant moi/ure is ?us remov$1 ano!r great object ( dra9age is n atta9$3 ,i allude to ! a]ation ( ! soil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f :at has be5 said ^u a previ\s page1 x might be inf]r$1 t z ! apple may be cultivat$ ^u soils ( su* great div]sity z ^? t occur ov] ! range ( t]ritory indicat$1 z well z ^u ! we/]n coa/ ( ?is cont95t1 & 9 ! temp]ate regions ( ! ,old ,_w1 ! peculi> soils t are *>act]iz$ by _! und]ly+ rocks w\ld be equally acceptable1 :e!r ^! 7 granites1 %ales1 s&/ones1 or lime/ones4 ,su* is n ! fact1 h[ev]1 & we h f\nd1 9 ?is utilit>ian age1 t geology has mu* to d ) ! plant+ ( an or*>d4 ,!re are v>ieties t succe$ bett] ^u "o rock ?an ^u ano!r1 & !re are ^? t fail to be remun]ative :5 transplant$ to a rock1 :i* to !m is obnoxi\s1 ?\gh x may be a v p>adise to o!r v>ieties4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! obs]vations are becom+ a matt] ( great importance to or*>di/s1 & we may hope t ! /udy ( ?is subject w be develop$ into "s c]ta9 data1 & t ! future discussions ( our pomological societies w furni% reliable in=mation to or*>d plant]s4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,see ,lawr5ce ,"y's ,exp]im5ts1 9 ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review1 ,vol4 ,i4 page #aij1 9 ,report ( ,k5tucky ,/ate ,fruit ,committee to ,am]ican ,pomological ,congress1 = #ahej4 #bj ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review2 also1 ,/ati/ics ( ,/orm1 ,jan4 #a1 #ahfd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,soil ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d4 ,,dra9age4 ,,its ,,advantages4 ,,surface ,,dra9s4 ,,made ,,) ,,! ,,pl[4 ,,may ,,be ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,tiles1 ,,or ,,mole ,,pl[4 ,,?or\gh ,,pl[+4 ,,tr5*+4 ,,tr5* ,,pl[+4 ,,subsoil ,,pl[+4 ,,manur+ ,,n ,,(t5 ,,ne$$ ,,9 ,a ,,new ,,c\ntry4 ,,"* ,,( ,,manures4 ,,lime1 ,,alkalies4 ,,clov]4 ,,h[ ,,clov] ,,acts4 ,,exhau/$ ,,fields ,,to ,,be ,,improv$ ,,be=e ,,plant+4 ,,digg+ ,,! ,,holes4 ,,done ,,) ,,! ,,pl[4 ,,/akes4 ,,_! ,,function ,,& ,,objects4 ,,n ,,to ,,tie ,,to4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tie ,a ,,tree ,,:5 ,,necess>y4 ,,plant+4 ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,trees4 ,,trimm+1 ,,bran*es ,,& ,,roots4 ,,puddl+4 ,,set ,,to ,,! ,,nor? ,,( ,,! ,,/akes4 ,,dep? ,,to ,,plant4 ,,lean+ ,,trees ,,to ,,! ,,s\?we/4 ,,season ,,= ,,plant+4 ,,fall ,,or ,,spr+ ,,bank+ ,,up ,,aft] ,,fall ,,plant+4 ,,mul*+1 ,,its ,,objects4 ,,mat]ial ,,to ,,be ,,us$4 ,,clov] ,,mul*4 ,! m ?or\ghly ! prep>ation ( ! soil1 ! great] w be ! success ( ! or*>di/4 ,good results1 fair crops amply remun]at+ all outlay1 (t5 foll[ ! mo/ c>eless or almo/ accid5tal or*>d plant+2 b trees t are prop]ly set1 9 well-prep>$ l&1 ^u a judici\sly select$ or*>d site1 & = a few ye>s subject$ to prop] culture1 are inf9itely m satisfactory 9 _! results1 & mu* m pr(itable to _! own]4 ,! importance ( dra9age c n be too (t5 reit]at$1 n m]ely = ! sake ( lead+ away ! excess ( wat] t at "s seasons prevails 9 mu* ( our be/ l&s1 b on acc\nt ( ! m ?or\gh admission ( ! b5eficial air to ! soil & ! roots2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 c only be _h by ?or\gh "u-dra9+ ( ! l&4 ,sp\ty or spr+y l& is n to be select$ = an or*>d1 & yet we (t5 f9d spots ( ?is "* 9 fields t we wi% to appropriate to or*>d+2 ^! %\ld c]ta9ly be dra9$4 ,m]e surface dra9age may be *eaply effect$ by ! pl[1 & %\ld always be done 9 level l&s1 especially :]e ! subsoil is compact & t5aci\s4 ,! exp5se ( ?or\gh dra9age is s great1 & ! success ( our or*>ds1 z commonly plant$1 ev5 on ill-prep>$ gr\nd1 is s g5]ally good1 t we c n expect ! majority ( f>m]s to use dra9 tile at pres5t4 ,/ill1 ! importance ( dra9+ c n be d\bt$3 ! be/ results foll[ its use1 & he :o w\ld reap ! be/ h>ve/s1 & atta9 ! highe/ success1 w und]dra9 8 l&4 ,= ! mo/ ( u1 surface dra9age alone1 is all t we c d2 ?is %\ld nev] be neglect$1 = no crop c be successful 9 l& t is subject to an occasional dr5*+ ) a surplus ( wat] t /&s = days1 fill+ x to ! surface1 caus+ ! f]m5tation & s\r+ ( ! organic matt] x conta9s4 ,! fruit tree1 c]ta9ly1 w n ?rive 9 su* a situation1 & is z sure to fall into a decl9e1 or consumption1 if condemn$ to wet feet1 z w\ld a delicate girl "u simil> exposure4 ,! exp5se ( "u-dra9+ is ! only objection t c possibly be urg$ aga9/ x2 ev5 ?is is no real objection1 = x has be5 repeat$ly prov$ t ! outlay1 :atev] x be1 insures su* increase ( crops z to pay a good int]e/ ^u ! inve/m5t1 except :]e ! natural "u-dra9age ( ! soil1 by a por\s /ratum ( rock or gravel1 already provides a ready dis*>ge ( ! sup]abundant wat]4 ,x is ?us only a "q ( ! ca% capital to be inve/$ 9 ! bus9ess1 = mo/ ( our or*>d sites are ( su* a "* ( soil z to be imm5sely b5efit$ by ! process4 ,) _m ( u1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! capital is n to be _h1 or c n be sp>$1 to put und]gr\nd2 our means are limit$1 & we d n dra9 our f>ms1 z we %\ld4 ,surface dra9age may be m *eaply effect$1 &1 on l& at all flat & ret5tive ( moi/ure1 x %\ld nev] be neglect$4 ,x may be done :ile prep>+ ! soil = plant+--done ) ! pl[4 ,x has already be5 premis$ t ! or*>d site %\ld be elevat$2 su* l& is g5]ally some:at undulat+2 inde$1 ! flatte/ field t %\ld ev] be plant$1 w always pres5t "s inequalities ( surface4 ,let ^! be not$ be=e lay+ (f ! l&s = ! pl[2 calculate to h ! furr[s cross ^! inequalities ( surface1 & ga!r ! furr[s 9 n>r[ l&s1 lapp+ !m toge!r j :]e ! r[ ( trees is to be plac$4 ,?is process may be repeat$1 & ?us q a ridge w be ?r[n up = ! trees1 & a correspond+ depression w be left 9 ! middle ( ! space betwe5 ! r[s1 :i* w s]ve z a gutt] to c>ry (f an excess ( surface wat]2 ?us1 a *eap me?od ( sup]ficial dra9age may be effect$ by ! m]e pl[+ ( ! l& judici\sly2 & ?is w be f\nd ( great advantage 9 level l&s ) a /iff subsoil4 ,:5 su* fields are select$ = ! or*>d1 ?is plan %\ld always be pursu$2 nor does x preclude ! subsequ5t use ( tile1 :i* is ! be/ dra9+ mat]ial1 at any p]iod aft]w>d4 ,^! gutt]s be+ at a di/ance f ! tree r[s1 c be deep5$1 & ! tile laid1 )\t di/urb+ ! roots2 or ! mole dra9 pl[ may be drawn ?r\gh ^! furr[s1 if ! subsoil be ( a suitably t5aci\s "* to admit ( ! use ( ?is implem5t4 ,v satisfactory prep>ation ( ! soil is done ) ! pl[ & a good team2 inde$1 except = ! limit$ surface ( a small fruit g>d51 no o!r & no bett] implem5t ne$ be desir$4 ,) x we c produce a v ?or\gh dis9tegration & p]fect subv]sion ( ! soil2 ^! are ! objects we h 9 view4 ,b "h we h a *oice ( in/rum5ts1 9 :i* we mu/ be guid$ by ! "* ( ! soil to be dealt )4 ,if ?is be %all[1 or ?91 & und]laid by a /]ile subsoil t w\ld be unfit = ! surface1 we mu/ pl[ m %all[1 b !re are few sites1 9 ! ,we/]n c\ntry1 :]e we d n f9d a suffici5t dep? ( soil to satisfy ! mo/ ?or\gh pl[man1 & b5ea? x a subsoil t w be b5efit$ by a]ation1 & :i* w become good surface soil if subject$ to ! influ5ces ( ! atmosph]e4 ,we h few soils t may n be tr5*$ ) ! pl[ or spade to any dep? t is atta9able4 ,& "h let me expla9 :at is meant by tr5*+3 x is ! transposition ( two lay]s ( ! soil m ?or\ghly1 & to a great] dep?1 ?an is done by simply digg+ or pl[+1 9 :i* a limit$ am\nt1 only a ?9 lay] ( ! soil1 is inv]t$4 ,9 tr5*+ ) ! spade1 a n>r[ /rip ( l& is excavat$ across "o end ( ! piece to be tr5*$1 eighte5 or tw5ty in*es wide1 & z deep z ! spade c take x out at two digg+s4 ,! e>? ?us remov$ is ?r[n aside1 to be us$ at ! end ( ! "w4 ,! tr5* be+ n[ op51 a simil> space is laid (f1 & ! surface soil1 to ! dep? ( ! spade1 is dug & ?r[n into ! bottom ( ! fir/ tr5*1 aft] :i* ! subsoil is dug to ! same dep?1 ! l5g? ( ! space1 & ?r[n on top ( ! surface soil t 0 put into ! bottom ( ! fir/ tr5*4 ,a second tr5* is ?us op5$1 & a ?ird /rip be+ !n m>k$ (f1 ! same processes are cont9u$1 until ! :ole piece is tr5*$1 :5 ! pile ( e>? fir/ excavat$ is br\ght into requisition to complete ! "w1 by fill+ up ! la/ tr5*4 ,?is is common tr5*+1 :i* rev]ses ! two lay]s ( soil1 & /irs ! :ole to ! dep? ( eighte5 or tw5ty in*es4 ,x is an exp5sive op]ation1 b v desirable 9 a small fruit-g>d5--n at all applicable = ext5sive or*>d plant+1 ?\gh (t5 appli$ to ! prep>ation ( ext5sive v9ey>ds4 ,tr5* pl[+ is conduct$ ^u ! same pr9ciple1 & is done by us+ two pl[s 9 ! same furr[1 ! fir/ tak+ (f ! surface soil & ?r[+ x into ! deep furr[ ( ! second pl[1 :i* is s con/ruct$ z to lift ! l[] soil & ?r[ x high up ov] ! furr[ slice laid by ! fir/1 & at ! same "t1 leav+ a deep furr[ op5 beh9d x to receive ! next cut ( surface soil4 ,! two lay]s are ?us inv]t$ & rev]s$ at ! same "t1 & ) a prop] pl[1 ! :ole soil is f9ely comm9ut$ & r$uc$ to a p]fect se$-b$1 suitable = a g>d54 ,to p]=m ?is "w1 ! ,d\ble ,mi*igan pl[ is ! favorite implem5t4 ,x %\ld be prop]ly con/ruct$1 = mu* dep5ds ^u hav+ ! pl[ well made2 ! mold-bo>ds %\ld be =m$ ^u ! be/ models = _! respective (fices ( rev]s+ ! surface soil1 & ( upheav+ & comm9ut+ t :i* lies bel[ x2 & ^! mold-bo>ds %\ld be made ( /eel4 ,su* pl[s are manufactur$ at sev]al po9ts1 b all ! ,d\ble ,mi*igan patt]ns are n equally good1 & "s are q unsatisfactory4 ,! ,deep ,till] pl[s w d v good "w 9 c]ta9 soils1 & may (t5 be us$ to advantage 9 ! prep>ation ( ! or*>d gr\nds1 ei!r alone1 or to foll[ ano!r pl[ :5 tr5* pl[+ is desir$1 & ! tr5* pl[ is n at h&4 ,^! pl[s1 z made at ,mol9e1 ,ill9ois1 are mu* us$1 & give great satisfaction 9 t ,/ate4 ,subsoil+ is a v useful add5dum to deep pl[+2 its object is to /ir ! deep lay]s ( ! soil )\t br++ ! e>? to ! surface4 ,?is a]ates & loos5s ! subsoil1 & ?us effects ! comb9$ objects ( increas+ ! f]tility ( ! l&1 ( reta9+ moi/ure = ! crops1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ( all[+ any excess ( moi/ure to p]colate away4 ,subsoil+ is mo/ efficaci\s :5 comb9$ ) dra9+1 b x is ( great use )\t1 unless :]e p]man5t wat] is f\nd ne> ! surface4 ,!re is a great improvem5t 9 ! subsoil pl[s4 ,^? fir/ made 7 provid$ ) a %>e on "o side1 & ?is w+1 z x 0 call$1 0 tilt$ up sev]al in*es1 ?us increas+ ! draft unnecess>ily4 ,we n[ use a %>p /eel %>e1 ( diamond %ape1 cutt+ on bo? edges1 "r & left1 & v slightly elevat$ 9 ! c5tre1 only two in*es1 or two & a half at ! mo/4 ,if ! soil is /irr$ ) ?is implem5t1 ! h>d e>? at ! bottom ( ! furr[1 made by ! turn+ pl[1 is ?or\ghly brok5 up1 & x does n fall directly back into its place1 b ! crumbl$ portions support "o ano!r1 & ! furr[ appe>s to be fill$ ) loose e>?4 ,! result is a/oni%+1 :5 we consid] ! flat1 diamond-%ap$ pl[ sole t has done ! "w4 ,! dep? to :i* ?is implem5t may be made to dis9tegrate ! soil1 dep5ds ^u its /r5g?1 ! p[] ( ! team1 & ! "* ( ! subsoil4 ,i h se5 x te> up sev]al in*es ( ! %ales & o!r rocks1 & aid 9 mak+ a good soil ( !m4 ,i h se5 x s9k to ! beam 9 ! alluvium ( our riv] bottoms1 & ,i h se5 x almo/ refuse to d its (fice 9 "s ( ! h>d :ite clay subsoils1 :5 drawn by a heavy team1 :ile 9 m yield+ b t5aci\s clays ,i h se5 x trembl+ "u ! /ra9 ( ?ree yoke ( good cattle1 t 7 sc>cely able to pull x ?r\gh ! adhesive soil4 ,,manur+4--,! importance ( ! application ( manures to ! or*>d1 z a "p ( ! prep>ation ( ! soil1 w dep5d entirely ^u its /r5g? & condition4 ,trees are great fe$]s2 !y ne$ a reasonably f]tile soil1 = ?\gh _! roots run wide & deep1 9 se>* ( n\ri%m5t1 if ! necess>y food be n 9 ! soil1 !y w c]ta9ly fail to ?rive z !y %\ld4 ,! analysis ( ! a%es ( our fruit trees1 :i* conta9 ! elem5ts !y h d]iv$ f ! soils on :i* !y grew1 enables u to asc]ta9 :at k9ds ( plant-food %\ld be pres5t 9 ! soil we are ab\t to use1 or :at mat]ials we may safely & judici\sly add to x z manures4 ,lime1 & ! alkalies1 are g5]ally safe & useful additions1 9 connection ) clov] z a gre5 manure2 ^! may be appli$ to almo/ any worn soils ) great advantage4 ,clov] is an invaluable assi/ant4 ,its long roots pi]ce deeply into ! soil1 br++ up f bel[ hidd5 treasures1 :i* are left 9 ! upp] lay]s1 modifi$ by ! dige/ion ( ! plant1 & by new *emical *anges & comb9ations1 r5d]$ fit food = succe$+ crops4 ,! m]e dis9tegration ( ! soil produc$ by ! roots ( clov]1 is1 9 itself1 a valuable me*anical prep>ation1 quietly p]=m$1 )\t pl[ or team4 ,! clov] lea may be lim$ ) great advantage2 an application ( tw5ty-five to fifty bu%els ( slack$ lime to ! acre w improve ! gr[? ( clov]1 & w ex]t its appropriate influ5ce ^u ! soil1 ) v happy results = ! succe$+ crop ( or*>d trees4 ,alkalies may be appli$1 9 ! =m ( wood a%es1 ei!r at ! prep>ation ( ! soil1 or at any subsequ5t p]iod1 z may be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,/able manure1 & compo/s1 w seldom be requir$ 9 l&s t h n be5 ne>ly exhau/$1 & !re=e unfit = an or*>d4 ,9 case x becomes necess>y to use su* a field1 ! manur+ %\ld be done all ov] ! surface1 & a crop ( clov] %\ld be gr[n & pl[$ 9 be=e plant+ ! trees2 ^u no acc\nt %\ld fre% /able manure be br\ght into imm$iate contact or close proximity ) ! roots ( ! "y tree4 ,if ! necessity = plant+ on su* a piece ( l& impel imm$iate action1 v ?or\ghly decompos$ compo/s may be appli$1 mix$ ) ! soil ab\t ! tree1 b successive applications ( manures w be ne$$ ov] ! entire surface1 = ! roots are de/9$ to occupy ! :ole ext5t ( soil betwe5 ! trees4 ,! next /ep 9 ! prep>ation is ! digg+ ( ! holes = plant+ ! trees4 ,"s p]sons lay great /ress ^u ! importance ( hav+ ^! made l>ge & deep1 :i* may be v well 9 a grass lawn ) a few trees1 b x is a v exp5sive matt] = ! or*>d ( ?\s&s or ev5 ( hundr$s4 ,! holes %\ld be prep>$ z wide z ! field1 & z deep z ! pl[ c /ir x1 z already direct$2 t is ! k9d ( holes t %\ld be dug2 if ! l& h be5 prep>$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! op5+ ( ! holes & plant+ ! or*>d1 ei!r deep or %all[1 becomes a v simple matt]4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! di/ance at :i* ! trees %all /& f "o ano!r1 & ! ord] or plan ( plant+1 flag poles are to be set 9 ! l9e to be occupi$ by ! fir/ r[ ( trees1 & a deep furr[ is !n op5$ ) a l>ge pl[1 drawn by a pair ( /eady horses4 ,! poles are mov$ & set = ! next r[ ( trees1 & s on1 until ! :ole is laid (f1 mak+ ! furr[s z /raight z possible4 ,?is done1 a s+le horse ) a light] pl[ is driv5 across ^! deep furr[s at ! prop] di/ance1 s t ! int]sections %all indicate ! /ations = ! trees4 ,/rong /akes1 ab\t f\r or five feet long1 are !n driv5 firmly at ^! int]sections1 & if ! m>k+-out has be5 well done1 !y w range 9 six directions--,n4 & ,s4--,e4 & ,w4--,n4-,e4 & ,s4-,w4--,n4-,w4 & ,s4-,e41 or to correspond+ po9ts ( ! compass2 = x is n a matt] ( mu* consequ5ce 9 :at direction ! r[s ( trees /&4 ,! holes are ! deep furr[s1 & tree /ations are ! spaces beside ! /akes1 always ma9ta9+ ! same relative position ?r\gh\t ! or*>d2 ! nor!rn side is to be pref]r$1 on acc\nt ( ! p>tial %ade ( ! /ake4 ,by adopt+ ?is plan1 !re ne$ be no tr\ble1 z is (t5 exp]i5c$1 9 sight+ ! trees to h !m /raight1 = if ! /akes h be5 correctly plac$1 ! trees w also be "r1 & w range 9 e direction1 :5 plant$4 ,be=e dismiss+ ! subject ( /akes1 let u und]/& _! object & function3 x is n to tie up ! trees1 & to =ce !m to atta9 an erect po/ure2 no1 t is n to be effect$ by /ak+1 z w be set =? 9 ano!r place4 ,r ?an tie a tree to a /ake1 x 7 bett] to cut x d[n to ! gr\nd1 & gr[ x ov] aga94 ,! real objects ( ! /akes are1 fir/1 to %[ ! plant] :]e to set a tree2 second1 to %[ :]e ! tree has be5 plant$2 ?ird1 to indicate to ! pl[man & to 8 horse :]e to ex]cise c>e 9 pass+ ! infant tree dur+ ! fir/ ye>s' culture1 = an intellig5t animal w v soon le>n :at objects x is int5d$ = him to avoid injur+ dur+ 8 labors 9 ! field2 a f\r? function ( ! /ake is to w>d (f ! s+le-tree :i* ! c>eless labor] may all[ to /rike ! tree to its manife/ injury1 te>+ ! b>k1 & ev5 break+ ! /em4 ,! passage ( ! wagon ?r\gh ! field w also be direct$1 by ^! /akes1 to ! int]spaces1 in/ead ( pass+ ov] ! trees4 ,"h are reasons en\gh = ! use ( /akes1 b ty+ ! trees to !m is n among ! numb]2 inde$1 x might be call$ ! abuse ( ! /akes r ?an _! use1 except 9 r>e cases4 ,ev5 9 ! w9dy prairie c\ntry1 no /akes %\ld be us$1 z supports1 9 a prop]ly regulat$ or*>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,,mann] ,,( ,,/ak+ ,a ,,tree4 ,:5 necess>y to support a tree ) /akes1 aft] an injury or accid5t1 ! plan ( ,c4 ,ros5/iel1 ,freeport1 ,ill41 is ! be/ ,i h se54 ,he adopts x z a means ( keep+ 8 trees f be+ incl9$ by ! w9d4 ,he drives a /ake firmly into ! gr\nd1 ab\t a foot to ! s\?we/ ( 8 tree2 a b& ( rye /raw is ca/ ab\t ! tree a few feet f ! gr\nd2 ! two ends are twi/$ & entw9$ toge!r1 =m+ a /iff rope f ! tree to ! /ake1 ab\t :i* x is !n ca/1 & ! ends are secur$ ) a piece ( tw9e4 ,by ?is appliance1 ! tree is ma9ta9$ 9 an erect position )\t *af+2 x c only yield to ! w9d by wav+ to ! "r or left2 ! b&1 by its t5sion1 prev5ts x f leav+ ! /ake1 &1 by its /iffness1 holds x at a prop] di/ance1 & prev5ts its approa*4 ,,plant+ comes next 9 ord] to ! m>k+ out1 or hole-digg+1 = ^! are synonym\s2 x %\ld be done z soon z possible aft] ! pl[1 on acc\nt ( ! fre% furr[ ) its mell[ soil4 ,x is really a simple matt] & ^u ?is me?od may be execut$ ) great rapidity4 ,! trees n[ receive _! necess>y trimm+1 :i* consi/s 9 a lib]al %ort5+ ( ! bran*es1 a c>eful inspection ( ! roots1 & a removal ) a %>p knife ( su* z may h be5 bruis$ or torn1 & cutt+ away any mat ( fibres2 aft] ?is1 !y %\ld be puddl$1 & !n c>ri$ out to _! /ations by a boy4 ,! plant] foll[s2 ) a bright spade he removes any excess ( soil at ! /ation1 scrap+ away su* portions ( e>? z he may f9d 9 ! way ( ! roots :5 ! tree is plac$ by ! /ake4 ,if ! furr[ has n be5 rec5tly made1 x w be well always to remove a portion ( ! surface1 s z to h fre% soil next ! roots4 ,! tree be+ plac$ ne> ! /ake1 ! roots are c>efully spread out 9 _! natural direction1 & ! moi/ mell[ e>? is fill$ 9 among !m1 us+ ! f+]s :5 necess>y1 & g5tly %ak+ ! tree s z to leave no empty cavities among ! fibres4 ,pretty firm pressure %\ld n[ be made ) ! foot1 especially ^u ! f9e e>? plac$ above ! ends ( ! roots2 ?is excludes ! air1 by br++ ! p>ticles ( soil 9 close proximity to ! roots1 ready to receive ! new fibres t w soon be emitt$ f !m4 ,x also secures ! tree 9 its place bett] ?an ty+ to ! /ake1 = ea* root acts z a guy rope4 ,9 ?is mann] ! "w may progress v rapidly1 &1 at ! same "t1 may be well done4 ,"s plant]s always p\r a lib]al supply ( wat] ^u ! mell[ e>?1 in/ead ( press+ x ) ! foot4 ,?is w settle ! f9e soil ab\t ! roots v effectually2 fre% e>? %\ld always be ?r[n on aft] ! wat]1 to prev5t ! surface f be+ cak$ & crack$4 ,! dep? at :i* ! tree %\ld be plant$ is a "q ( int]e/4 ,mo/ au?orities & mo/ successful plant]s endeavor to regulate ?is1 s t1 :5 settl$1 ! orig9al coll> ( ! "y tree may be at ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 deep plant+ has few advocates4 ,! position ( ! tree z to ! po9ts ( ! compass1 is n[ believ$ to be a matt] ( v little mom5t1 al?\gh !re are /ill ^? :o insi/ t ! nor? side ( ! tree 9 ! nurs]y r[ %\ld be made to occupy ! same position 9 ! or*>d4 ,) l[-head$ trees ?is c make no diff]5ce2 no o!rs are recomm5d$2 on ! contr>y1 if1 un=tunately1 none b tall trees ) nak$ /ems c be procur$1 x is advis$ to cut !m back sev]ely at plant+ "t1 s z to =m a new head :]e want$4 ,^? :o h n ! he>t to cut back a f9e tree1 may attempt & w sometimes succe$ 9 br++ out bran*es bel[1 by nick+ ! b>k ) a l>ge %>p prun+-knife1 at sev]al po9ts along ! /em1 on all sides1 b especially to ! s\?we/1 :]e ! %elt] ( ! bran*es is mo/ ne$$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 requires u to wait at lea/ "o season1 & t ! mo/ try+ "o to ! "y tree1 dur+ :i* ! nak$ b>k is expos$ to ! sun & insects2 & ! w9ds may add to ! difficulty1 by incl9+ ! /em f ! s\?we/4 ,all ?is may be avoid$ by plant+ trees ) l[ bran*es1 :i* are becom+ m & m common z _! m]its are m highly appreciat$4 ,"s ( ! mo/ judici\s plant]s1 especially 9 w9dy di/ricts1 h adopt$ ! plan ( incl9+ all _! trees to ! s\?we/ at ! "t ( plant+1 expect+ ?us to ov]come ! difficulty s commonly obs]v$ ev]y:]e ) tall trees--_! lean+ to ! nor!a/1 & !n becom+ scor*$ & injur$ by ! fro/ & sun1 & damag$ by ! bor]s4 ,! season = plant+ is a "q ( "s importance1 & mu/ be settl$ by ! att5dant circum/ances4 ,fall plant+ has _m advocates & _m advantages1 b ! fewe/ practice x4 ,9 ! f> nor?1 ) a long1 try+ w9t] approa*+1 x c n be recomm5d$2 b1 z ! spr+ advances1 !re is a great press ( "w2 ev]y?+ is to be done at once1 & all is hurry2 h5ce1 = ! mild] latitudes1 ) our *>m+ autumnal wea!r1 comp>ative leisure1 & ! soil 9 good condition1 ev]y?+ invites u to plant 9 ! autumn1 & ) ^? s\? ( latitude =ty degrees1 ! plant+ season w (t5 cont9ue until mid-w9t]4 ,if we comm5ce ?is "w be=e ! fall ( ! leaves1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to /rip ^! app5dages f ! trees 9 ! nurs]y1 be=e digg+ !m4 ,in/ead ( leav+ ! soil ab\t ! tree at or a little above ! g5]al level1 x %\ld be heap$ up 9 a little m\nd1 :i* w %$ (f ! ra9s1 support ! /em1 &1 to "s ext5t1 protect ! roots f fro/4 ,?is la/ sugge/ion is a matt] ( mu* importance1 = "o ( ! great advantages ( autumnal plant+1 dep5ds ^u ! fact t1 except 9 ! mo/ sev]e wea!r1 ! tree is n dormant--! hyb]nation is n complete2 9 mild wea!r !re is "s action 9 ! buds & bran*es1 & consid]able activity exi/s 9 ! roots2 new fibres are emitt$1 &1 ) ! fir/ op5+ ( spr+1 ! "y tree is ready = its summ]'s gr[?4 ,su* is n ! case ) trees t h be5 badly plant$ 9 ! fall1 9 a wet1 t5aci\s soil1 :]e _! roots h be5 imm]s$ 9 mud & wat] = mon?s1 & ! sway+ top has /ra9$ !m 9 e direction4 ,= su* a soil1 dra9+ is ne$$2 b1 ev5 !n1 ! m\nd w be ( mat]ial advantage 9 fall plant+4 ,,mul*+ is a process ab\t :i* mu* has be5 said & writt51 b ( :i*1 x is to be fe>$1 v little is kn[n & und]/ood4 ,! v objects ( mul*+ d n appe> to be prop]ly appreciat$ by _m p]sons4 ,its uses are two-fold3 prim>ily1 to keep ! surface ( ! e>? moi/ by prev5t+ evaporation1 & to ma9ta9 t op51 friable condition we always f9d 9 ! =e/1 "u ! natural mul*+ ( ! leaves4 ,mul*+ keeps ! e>? cool] 9 summ] & w>m] 9 w9t]2 ! fir/1 by %ad+ f ! burn+ rays ( ! sun1 ! second1 by protect+ f fro/2 ! mat]ial itself1 & ! conf9$ air among x1 be+ bad conductors ( heat4 ,n[1 :at mat]ial %all we use = produc+ ^! results8 ,almo/ any?+ t w fulfill ^! indications w answ]--ei!r /ones1 *ips1 bo>ds1 twigs1 saw-du/1 tan-b>k1 we$s1 /raw1 ei!r long or cut1 co>se manure1 hay1 fre%ly-cut grass1 or1 p]haps ! v be/ = all ! purposes ( mul*+1 leaves !mselves1 except t !y are difficult to reta9 9 _! place4 ,a comb9ation ( leaves & twigs1 small bran*es or we$s1 may be made to answ] a v good purpose1 = w9t] mul*+ especially4 ,= summ] mul*+ !re is ano!r mat]ial :i* has be5 f\nd to answ] an admirable purpose1 ?\gh n m5tion$ 9 ! above li/2 x is mell[ e>?--yes1 mell[ e>? admirably fulfills mo/ ( ! conditions ( a good mul*+ mat]ial1 b x mu/ be kept mell[ by con/ant /irr+4 ,! air is ?us admitt$1 & deposits its moi/ure :5ev] ! e>? is cool] ?an ! atmosph]e2 ! pres5ce ( ! air among ! p>ticles ( ! soil makes x a worse conductor ( heat ?an :5 x is compact$ toge!r4 ,mul*+ ! newly-plant$ trees is a v valuable application1 :e!r 9 summ] or w9t]1 & %\ld be practic$ :]ev] x is possible1 always rememb]+ t we c n well comb9e ) x culture1 :i*1 = ! summ] treatm5t1 is mo/ ess5tial to ! successful gr[? ( trees1 & 9 w9t] we %all pres5t a h>bor to ! mice if ! mul* be plac$ too ne> ! tree4 ,he :o may h be5 induc$1 by ! recomm5dations ( high au?ority1 to plant an or*>d 9 a /iff blue-grass sod1 or :o may all[ su* sod to surr\nd 8 trees1 9 ! belief t ?is con/itutes a good mul*1 w be sadly disappo9t$2 =1 ?\gh ! surface is %ad$1 ! grass w absorb ! moi/ure f ! soil at ! exp5se ( ! "y trees4 ,clov]1 on ! contr>y1 makes a d5s] %ade1 & seek+ its supplies m deeply1 is less injuri\s1 :ile its abundant broad foliage attracts ample supplies ( dew to irrigate ! soil4 ,9 ?is respect x resembles ! ,indian corn1 :i* is consid]$ ! be/ crop to put among "y trees1 z x produces %ade1 attracts ! dew1 &1 m ?an all1 x dem&s & receives ! ?or\gh culture :i* ! trees also require4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,selection ,,& ,,plant+4 ,,importance ,,( ,,judici\s ,,selection4 ,,l>ge ,,trees ,,n ,,desirable4 ,,?rifty ,,"y ,,trees ,,pref]r$4 ,,reasons ,,= ,,! ,,pref]5ce4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,small] ,,trees4 ,,l[ ,,heads ,,& ,,! ,,protection ,,by ,,lat]al ,,bran*es4 ,,p]sonal ,,inspection ,,& ,,selection ,,recomm5d$4 ,,digg+ ,,! ,,trees4 ,,c>efully ,,avoid ,,mutilation ,,( ,,! ,,roots4 ,,puddl+4 ,,ty+ ,,& ,,label+4 ,,pack+4 ,,avoid ,,exposure ,,to ,,sun ,,& ,,w9d1 ,,& ,,fro/4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,froz5 ,,trees ,,9 ,,cold ,,wea!r4 ,,heel+-,,94 ,,mul*+4 ,,mak+ ,,record4 ,,dri$ ,,trees1 ,,h[ ,,re/or$4 ,,season ,,= ,,plant+4 ,,bank+ ,,! ,,trees4 ,,mul*+4 ,,di/ance ,,betwe5 ,,trees4 ,,dep5d5t ,,^u ,,! ,,habit ,,( ,,! ,,v>iety4 ,,assort+ ,,! ,,v>ieties ,,accord+ ,,to ,,size4 ,,close ,,plant+4 ,,comb9ation ,,plant+4 ,,diff]5t ,,crops4 ,,apples ,,& ,,pea*es1 ,,or ,,*]ries4 ,,small ,,fruits ,,betwe54 ,,ord] ,,( ,,plantation4 ,,qu9cunx4 ,,assort+ ,,v>ieties4 ,,conv5i5ce ,,9 ,,h>ve/+ ,,to ,,h ,,ea* ,,k9d ,,gr\p$ ,,toge!r4 ,we n[ come to ! consid]ation ( a matt] ( great importance to ! success ( ! future or*>d--! selection ( ! plants we are to set !re94 ,no matt] h[ favorable ! site1 h[ good ! soil1 nor h[ ?or\gh ! prep>ations may h be52 all may be spoil$ by a bad selection ( trees1 & subsequ5t disappo9tm5t w be ! consequ5ce4 ,=m]ly1 & 9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry ev5 n[1 v errone\s notions prevail$ ^u ?is subject4 ,l>ge trees1 ( sev]al ye>s' gr[? 9 ! nurs]y1 7 pref]r$ by ^? :o 7 plant+ or*>ds3 trees1 ready to be> fruit1 7 eag]ly inquir$ =1 & pref]r$2 ev5 if !y _h be5 cr[d$ toge!r s z to be drawn up to a great hight )\t any lat]al bran*es1 & _h =m$ _! heads at ! hight ( sev5 or eight feet1 s z to be out ( ! way ( br[s+ by cattle & horses1 !y 7 ! m admir$ by ! pur*as]s4 ,n[-a-days !re is a great *ange 9 ! s5tim5t ( tree-plant]s z to ! age1 size1 & %ape ( ! trees t are to be set out4 ,?rifty "y trees are pref]r$ to old] & l>g] ones on _m acc\nts4 ,!y are m vigor\s & w endure ! di/urbance ( digg+1 transportation1 & *ange ( locality f ! nurs]y to ! or*>d1 mu* bett] ?an l>g] & old] trees4 ,!y are m easily dug1 & w h a l>g] proportion ( roots remov$ ) !m ?an ^? :i* h /ood long] 9 ! nurs]y-r[s1 s z to h pu%$ _! fibres beyond ! rea* ( ! spade4 ,su* trees are m /ocky1 & are furni%$ ) lat]al bran*es1 or !y %\ld be s furni%$1 b ^! w\ld be smo!r$ & remov$ f old] trees 9 cr[d$ r[s1 z !y are usually f\nd 9 ! nurs]ies4 ,if ^! y\ng] trees be n already furni%$ ) lat]als & elem5ts = ! =mation ( l[ heads1 by ! judici\s treatm5t ( ! nurs]ym5 :o produc$ !m1 ! or*>di/ c at lea/ b5d !m to 8 w4 ,he may make ( !m j :at he pleases by 8 own manipulations at ! "t ( plant+ or aft]w>ds1 )\t feel+ t he is sacrific+ to 8 fancy & judgm5t ! gr[? ( two or ?ree ye>s1 by freely us+ ! knife & saw1 9 ! removal ( ! surplus & ov]gr[n top1 leav+ him only a b>e & mutilat$ /ock to set out at ! beg9n+ ( 8 or*>d4 ,ano!r advantage ( select+ small trees1 especially to ^? at a di/ance f ! nurs]y1 is1 t !y are s mu* m easily transport$1 & freight bills are a s]i\s item 9 ! exp5se acc\nt ( a l>ge or*>d plantation--^! may be r$uc$ to a m9imum by ! selection ( small in/ead ( l>ge trees4 ,z to =m+ ! heads ( our trees1 if we _c get ! nurs]ym5 to d ?is = u1 s9ce we are unwill+ to remun]ate !m = ! extra labor1 & great] space requir$ to =m su* /ocky specim5s z we pref]1 ! difficulty is obviat$ by plant+ out "y trees ^u :i* we may =m ! heads :]e we please4 ,z already sugge/$1 !re is a great revolution go+ on 9 ! m9ds ( tree-plant]s z to ! prop] age = plant+4 ,in/ead ( ! inquiry = huge & cumbr\s1 ov]gr[n trees1 t _h /ood f\r or five ye>s or m 9 ! nurs]y1 we n[ f9d a gr[+ dem& = small1 /ocky trees1 ( two or ?ree ye>s1 or ev5 less4 ,( _m ?riftily gr[+ k9ds1 good ye>l+s are mu* bett] = ! or*>d ?an l>ge trees1 especially su* z h be5 cr[d$ 9 ! nurs]y & are devoid ( side bran*es1 & ^: tall nak$ /ems are expos$ to ! burn+ heats & bla/+ cold ( _! new homes 9 ! op5 field1 & to ! depr$ations ( ho/s ( insects4 ,^? pur*as]s1 :o seek aft] ! tall trees1 ) b>e /ems1 runn+ up l fi%+ poles1 !y :o desire to buy _! trees by ! runn+ y>d & to get z great a l5g? z possible = _! money1 c be accommodat$ by ! nurs]yman1 :o w produce ! article to ord]2 b su* plant]s w soon f9d t _! or*>ds are mu* less satisfactory ?an ^? set ) %ort & /ocky trees1 & :i* h be5 enc\rag$ to bran* out s z to =m l[ heads4 ,z set =? 9 ! *apt] ^u ,! ,nurs]y1 su* trees c be produc$1 & !y are greatly to be pref]r$ on _m acc\nts1 b _! production by ! nurs]ym5 mu/ dep5d ^u ! intellig5ce ( ! or*>di/s produc+ a dem& = trees ( su* a "*1 & a will+ness on _! "p to pay ! gr[] a lib]al price = ! increas$ labor & exp5se1 79 space at lea/71 requisite = _! production4 ,?is no "o %\ld object to1 = !re is economy 9 plant+ good trees2 ! successful or*>di/ w pur*ase ! be/2 he w n h ! refuse or tra% t may be (f]$ him at a l[ figure1 = he well kn[s t x is de> at any price4 ,:]e x is practicable & )9 rea*1 x is be/ = ! plant] to visit ! nurs]y & make 8 own selection ( ! trees1 especially if ! dem& be = a limit$ numb]2 b he may g5]ally dep5d ^u ! judgm5t & hone/y ( ! nurs]yman1 if he has giv5 8 ord] di/9ctly z to ! %ape ( ! trees he desires to pur*ase4 ,9 a common nurs]y1 he w (t5 obs]ve at ! ends ( ! r[s1 & :]e !re may h be5 a gap or break 9 ! cont9u\s l9e ( any v>iety1 s t ! trees are less cr[d$1 "s trees t are bett] furni%$ ) lat]al bran*es1 & are consequ5tly m /ocky ?an :]e ! r[s are cr[d$4 ,"h he w be likely to f9d ! specim5s t suit 8 fancy1 & he w m>k !m = removal4 ,,digg+4--,at ! prop] season1 & = mo/ k9ds ?is is at ! fall ( ! leaf1 ! trees %\ld be dug f ! gr\nd4 ,?is op]ation1 z usually & necess>ily conduct$ 9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 has to be done exp$iti\sly & ) less c>e ?an ! amateur w be dispos$ to be/[ ^u ?is v important op]ation2 & x sometimes happ5s t he w (f] to pay ! nurs]yman a bonus = ! privilege ( digg+ 8 own trees ) 8 own h&s4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is op]ation he w be v c>eful to avoid mutilat+ ! roots ) ! spade1 or by us+ m =ce ?an is absolutely necess>y 9 lift+ ! loos5$ tree f its b$ aft] ! roots h be5 pretty ?or\ghly lib]at$ f ! soil4 ,he w foll[ ! directions giv5 "u ?is head 9 ! appropriate section ( ! *apt] on ,! ,nurs]y4 ,! importance ( puddl+ ! roots z soon z ! trees are dug1 _c be too =cibly impress$ ^u ! plant] & nurs]yman2 its value to ! trees is s great z a protection ( ! t5d] cov]+ ( ! roots f exposure to ! blight+ influ5ces ( light1 w9d1 & fro/1 t ! trifl+ labor & exp5se involv$ 9 ! op]ation1 %\ld n receive a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,a puddle hole %\ld be )9 conv5i5t rea* ( ! nurs]y-r[s :]e ! digg+ is 9 progress1 & ea* sort %\ld be tak5 to x z soon z dug4 ,! excavation %\ld be ab\t a foot deep1 or m1 = l>ge plants1 & z wide z is necess>y to receive all ! roots ( ! trees to be puddl$4 ,a pl5tiful supply ( wat] %\ld be at h& to put into ! hole1 & f9e dry loamy soil %\ld be sift$ into ?is1 or simply ?r[n 9 f ! %ovel1 & ?or\ghly mix$1 s z to br+ ! fluid to ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,into ?is mud ! roots are dipp$1 until e fibre is endu$ ) a coat+ ( ! f9e mat]ial2 ! trees !n are ready = ty+ snugly toge!r1 & a little dry dirt may be spr9kl$ or sift$ ^u ! roots :ile !y are /ill wet1 s z to give !m a fur!r protection f ! elem5ts4 ,!y are !n securely b\nd1 ea* k9d by itself1 & ea* c>efully label$1 if n already done2 & z soon z all are gr\p$ toge!r1 !y are ready = transportation to _! new homes4 ,if ! di/ance be %ort1 s t ! trees may be c>ri$ on ! f>m-wagon1 no pack+ is us$1 unless ! wea!r proves v inclem5t1 b x is always saf] to gu>d aga9/ bo? w9d & sun1 by cov]+ ! roots f _! influ5ce4 ,= di/ant transportation1 too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to h ! trees well pack$ to protect ! roots f dry+ & freez+4 ,9 our unc]ta9 climate1 x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t we receive an invoice ( trees 9 ! mid/ ( a sev]e /orm ( cold1 :5 ! gr\nd is froz5 h>d1 & we h reason to suppose t ! roots 9 ! cases are froz54 ,?is ne$ n disc\rage nor al>m u1 if ! pack+ be good1 = we h only to be pati5t & all[ !m "t to ?aw out ?or\ghly 9 ! d>k1 & we %all f9d our trees all "r4 ,! packages %\ld be plac$ at once 9 a d>k cell>1 & all[$ to ?aw gradually--if no su* conv5i5ce be at h&1 ! boxes may be buri$ 9 ! soil1 or cov]$ heavily ) /raw or hay1 mat]ials :i* are g5]ally abundant 9 a prairie c\ntry1 :]e commodi\s cell> room is n always at comm&4 ,,heel+-,,91 z x is call$1 is a v important op]ation to be p]=m$ s soon z possible aft] ! receipt ( ! trees4 ,x consi/s 9 plac+ ! fibr\s roots 9 imm$iate & close contact ) ! fre% & mell[ soil1 at "s po9t conv5i5t to ! future plant+4 ,a dit* is dug ) ! spade1 or a deep furr[ is op5$ ) ! pl[1 9 a %elt]$1 b elevat$ & dry situation1 & 9 light mell[ soil2 into ?is ! trees are plac$ z fa/ z !y are remov$ f ! packages1 ea* k9d be+ sep>at$ f ! next by a di/9ct m>k+ /ick1 & x is well to place ! label$ tree fir/1 z tak5 f bundles :5 unti$4 ,! trees are incl9$ at an angle1 g5]ally lean+ t[>ds ! s\?1 s z to h ! /ems %ad$ by _! own bran*es4 ,!y are c>efully plac$ sep>ately & held 9 ?is position by "o p]son1 :ile ! f9e mell[ e>? is ?r[n ^u ! roots by ano!r1 :o %\ld take great c>e to see t all ! int]/ices are fill$ ) soil1 s z to exclude ! air f ! fibres4 ,?is is especially necess>y :]e ! trees are to rema9 9 ?is situation dur+ ! w9t]1 :5 !y w be alt]nately froz5 & ?aw$4 ,to secure !m f injury1 ! e>? %\ld be bank$ up aga9/ !m sev]al in*es2 & x is well also to cov] ?is ) a heavy coat+ ( leaves or "s o!r mul*+ mat]ial1 if x c be safely us$ )\t dang] ( attract+ ! field mice1 :i* might ru9 ! trees4 ,x is well at once to make a record ( ! trees z !y /&1 s soon z !y are heel$-91 beg9n+ at "o end ( ! dit*es or r[s1 & pursu+ a def9ite ord]4 ,?is record w prove ( great value1 & v conv5i5t 9 select+ ! diff]5t k9ds at ! "t ( plant+1 & w enable u to re/ore ! names 9 case ( accid5tal loss ( labels dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! heel+-9 ( trees z !y are receiv$ is recomm5d$1 ev5 if ev]y?+ is ready = imm$iate plant+1 unless ! numb] be v small2 b if ! wea!r & our conv5i5ce p]mit u to place !m at once 9 _! p]man5t /ations1 ! trees ne$ n be heel$-9 ) s mu* c>e z :5 !y are to rema9 = a long] p]iod4 ,x sometimes happ5s t1 f accid5t1 det5tion by ! way1 bad pack+1 or exposure1 we receive our trees 9 bad condition2 !y are dri$1 & ! b>k appe>s to be %rivel$ & %runk5--!y seem to be dead4 ,su* trees may (t5 be entirely re/or$ by a little c>e1 & w gr[ z well z any4 ,! be/ treatm5t = su* is to bury !m at once4 ,op5+ a suffici5tly l>ge tr5*1 a lay] ( trees is plac$ flat ^u ! bottom1 f9e mell[ e>? is sift$ ^u1 & among _! roots & bran*es1 ano!r lay] ( trees is spread d[n & cov]$ 9 ! same way1 & s on until !y are all secur$1 :5 !y are left to quietly & sl[ly absorb ! moi/ure f ! soil4 ,9 a few days !y w be f\nd to be well plump$1 & w look z fre% z ev]1 & %\ld be exhum$1 trimm$1 & plant$1 select+ a moi/ or %[]y day = ! op]ation4 ,,season ,,= ,,plant+4--,?is topic has already be5 discuss$1 & ! advantages ( fall plant+ h be5 pres5t$3 b x is well to be> 9 m9d t !re are reasons = pref]r+ ! spr+1 & = "s fruits ! latt] season is g5]ally pref]r$4 ,:5 plant+ an or*>d 9 ! fall1 x has be5 recomm5d$ to raise an embankm5t ( e>? ab\t ! /em1 = ! d\ble purpose ( protect+ ! roots f ! fro/1 & also ( prev5t+ ! action ( ! w9d sway+ ! tree & /ra9+ ! roots4 ,a copi\s mul*+ is sometimes appli$ to keep out ! fro/1 or at lea/ to prev5t ! frequ5t ?aw+ & freez+ ( ! surface 9 our v>iable w9t]s2 b :5ev] loose mat]ial is left ne> ! base ( a "y tree1 we mu/ expect damage f ! mice1 :i* are attract$ & %elt]$1 & may commit sad deva/ations ^u ! b>k be=e spr+4 ,! bank+ & mul*+ may be comb9$ ) advantage1 & ) less dang] f ! mice1 :i* only "w "u cov] & are (t5 m injuri\s ^u old] trees1 surr\nd$ ) grass & we$s 9 neglect$ or*>ds1 ?an ^u ^? newly plant$ & mul*$1 if a little c>e has be5 tak5 to remove ! /raw or tramp x d[n ne> ! /em4 ,,di/ance4--,! di/ance betwe5 ! trees is a matt] t %\ld be c>efully det]m9$4 ,_! habit %\ld be consid]$1 & _! size1 :5 fully develop$1 mu/ be /udi$4 ,"s v>ieties w be m cr[d$ at =ty feet ap>t1 ?an o!rs at f\rte54 ,if possible1 ! l>g] & widely spread+ sorts %\ld be assort$ & plant$ by !mselves1 & ! m compact1 upright & small] ones %\ld be gr\p$ toge!r4 ,x is difficult to d ?is1 h[ev]1 = want ( ! necess>y data2 we c only make an approximation to ! desir$ result4 ,?us1 ! ,yell[ ,bellfl[]1 ,summ] ,que51 ,fall ,pipp91 ,k+ ( ,tompk9s ,c\nty1 ,talman's ,sweet1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,p5nock1 ,nor!rn ,spy1 & sev]al o!rs1 are ( ! l>ge/ k9d ( trees1 & may be all[$ z mu* z =ty feet ( space betwe5 !m1 :ile ! upright "* & mod]ate gr[? ( ! ,lady1 ,bullock's ,pipp91 ,r$ ,june1 ,b5oni1 ,e>ly ,joe1 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,summ] ,rose1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 & o!rs1 ( simil> habit1 w\ld enable u to cr[d !m into half z mu* space )\t s]i\s injury--& !re are trees ( int]m$iate size & vigor1 su* z ! ,w9esap1 ,rambo1 ,gre5+1 ,russet1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fall ,w9e1 ,autumn ,/rawb]ry1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,jona?an1 & a ho/ ( o!rs t1 at ! same ratio1 %\ld h ?irty feet spaces betwe5 !m4 ,!re is also a great div]sity ( op9ion among or*>di/s z to ! prop] all[ance ( space = ea* tree1 & _m we/]n plant]s are advocates ( close plant+ ( ! apple1 :i* ,i h se5 plac$ z ne> z sixte5 feet1 occupy+ ! :ole space 9 a v few ye>s1 & be>+ luxuriantly4 ,! advocates ( su* cr[d+ urge1 t !y protect "o ano!r1 & t alt]nate trees c easily be remov$ :5ev] !y become too mu* cr[d$4 ,9 o!r places1 ! old rule1 ( all[+ two rods 7#cc feet71 or ev5 =ty feet1 betwe5 ! trees1 is /ill foll[$ & consid]$ ! be/4 ,a favorite me?od ) "s plant]s ( fruits is1 to make a comb9ation ( diff]5t k9ds 9 ! same or*>d1 s z to h ! :ole surface occupi$ f ! fir/4 ,9 ?is way1 by introduc+ a tempor>y crop ( ano!r v>iety :i* w make spe$y returns1 & w soon be ready to come away & make room = ! p]man5t plantation1 ! gr\nd may be r5d]$ productive ( remun]ative crops f ! fir/4 ,x is a v common plan to comb9e 9 ?is way ! apple & ! pea*--! latt] come into be>+ rapidly1 & are g5]ally ready to be remov$ by ! "t ! apple trees ne$ ! :ole space4 ,alt]nate r[s & alt]nate trees are usually plant$ ) pea*es1 & ! small gr[+ *]ries1 su* z ! ,e>ly ,may1 (t5 call$ ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 c be plant$ 9 ! same way4 ,i h se5 a /ill fur!r comb9ation ( fruits made by ! introduction ( ! raspb]ry1 or ev5 ( ! blackb]ry1 ! currant1 & ! gooseb]ry1 9 alt]nate r[s1 s t1 by sett+ ! apple trees at =ty feet1 ) alt]nat+ *]ry trees1 & ! *]ry r[s 9 ! middle space1 or tw5ty feet ea* way f ! apple & *]ry r[s1 & 9 ! int]m$iate /rips ( tw5ty feet ! b]ries1 :i* 7 also set betwe5 ! trees1 ! :ole gr\nd 0 laid (f 9 r[s ( fruit sep>at$ by /rips ( t5 feet wide4 ,no?+ is !n ne$$ = ! full occupation ( ! gr\nd1 & to yield a return ( fruit ! next ye>1 b to plant a s+le r[ ( /rawb]ries 9 ea* ( ^! t5 feet spaces2 ^!1 if well treat$1 w\ld make f\r b$s 9 ! spaces betwe5 e two ( ! apple tree r[s1 or ea* t5 feet1 :i* is ne>ly half z mu* z w\ld be plant$ 9 ! op5 field2 & ^! w\ld yield a half crop ! next ye> aft] plant+1 & z mu* ! next season1 :5 !y %\ld be pl[$ up to give cultivation to ! b]ry bu%es t w\ld !n also be> a crop ( fruit1 & cont9ue to d s until ! l>g] trees ne$$ ! gr\nd = _! support4 ,! pea*es or *]ries w\ld comm5ce be>+ ! ?ird or f\r? ye>1 & "s ( ! apples w\ld foll[ quickly aft]w>d1 yield+ p>tial crops4 ,by su* a comb9ation1 z has be5 repres5t$1 ! l& is made to yield a succession ( pay+ fruit crops f ! second ye> ( ! f\ndation ( ! or*>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,,diagram ,,( ,,plant+ ,,qu9cunx4 ,! ord] ( plant+ is a matt] ( "s consequ5ce1 & %\ld be settl$ ^u be=e comm5c+ ! "w4 ,! simple/ =m1 & t mo/ usually adopt$1 is ! squ>e2 furr[s are drawn across ! field1 at :atev] di/ance ! plants may be desir$ to /&1 & cross$ by o!rs equally di/ant & at "r angles to ! fir/4 ,^! w1 by _! int]sections1 indicate ! /ations to be occupi$ by ! trees4 ,"s plant]s introduce a tree at ! c5tre po9t betwe5 ea* f\r1 & ?is has be5 call$ qu9cunx1 b errone\sly--= ! true qu9cunx is con/itut$ by "o c5tral tree surr\nd$ by six1 & all are equidi/ant1 z illu/rat$ by ! diagram1 figure #bf4 ,?is gives z _m trees z possible ^u ! gr\nd1 all equidi/ant1 at tw5ty feet ap>t1 or at any o!r di/ance4 ,x w be se51 t1 9 lay+ (f ?is gr\nd1 :e!r ) ! pl[ or simply ) /akes to indicate ! /ations :i* ! trees are to occupy1 we may fir/ /rike our furr[s or set our sight poles1 all 9 "o direction1 p>allel1 & at sev5te5 feet f\r in*es ap>t4 ,cross+ ^! at "r angles1 we may draw p>allel furr[s e t5 feet1 & by sett+ our /akes at ea* alt]nate int]section ( ^! furr[s1 ! prop] /ations w be f\nd = plant+ trees 9 ! true qu9cunx ord]1 9 :i* e tree w occupy ! corn] ( an equilat]al triangle1 & w be equidi/ant f six surr\nd+ trees4 ,if any "o pref]s to dig holes ) ! spade1 in/ead ( ! m economical me?od propos$1 by us+ ! pl[1 ! /akes may be set 9 p>allel r[s1 9 su* a mann]1 t 9 e alt]nate r[ ! fir/ /akes %all be advanc$ "o-half ( ! desir$ di/ance f ! base l9e4 ,x w be desirable 9 ?is1 z 9 e o!r sy/em1 to h a measur+-l9e at h& to prove ! "w f "t to "t1 & make corrections2 =1 o!rwise1 ! mo/ c>eful plant] w soon get out ( range4 ,:5 ! /akes are set prop]ly1 on level gr\nd1 !y %\ld range correctly 9 all directions4 ,if ! plantation be ^u an unev5 or hilly surface1 x w be f\nd almo/ impossible to lay (f ! gr\nd ) absolute precision2 b ?is is a matt] ( v little consequ5ce1 z ! gr[? ( ! trees w soon conceal any slight defects1 p>ticul>ly if !y be tra9$ ) l[ heads4 ,9 ! small fruit g>d5 great] precision is desirable1 & %\ld be attempt$1 b 9 ! comm]cial or*>d1 conta9+ hundr$s or ?\s&s ( trees1 su* exactitude is sc>cely atta9able if x 7 desir$4 ,sometimes ! aid ( ! civil eng9e]1 ) 8 in/rum5ts1 is call$ 9 by ! v precise plant]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,culture1 ,,etc4 ,,?or\gh ,,culture ,,%\ld ,,foll[ ,,?or\gh ,,prep>ation4 ,,ho$ ,,crops ,,recomm5d$4 ,,no ,,:ite ,,/raw ,,crops1 ,,nor ,,grasses ,,all[$4 ,,h[ ,,long ,,%all ,,we ,,cultivate ,,! ,,or*>d8 ,,limits4 ,,! ,,spade ,,& ,,=k1 ,,& ,,mul*+ ,,sub/itut$4 ,,horse ,,cultivators ,,necess>y ,,9 ,,l>ge ,,or*>ds4 ,,^! ,,%\ld ,,n ,,be ,,deep ,,till]s1 ,,b ,,%all[1 ,,to ,,avoid ,,di/urb+ ,,! ,,roots4 ,,se$+ ,,) ,,clov]4 ,,mul*+ ,,impracticable ,,on ,a ,,l>ge ,,scale4 ,,clov] ,,mul*4 ,,! ,,mell[ ,,e>? ,,z ,a ,,mul*4 ,,pa/ur+ ,,an ,,or*>d4 ,,objections4 ,,damage ,,done ,,by ,,horses ,,& ,,mules4 ,,by ,,cattle1 ,,by ,,goats4 ,,%eep4 ,,_! ,,advantages4 ,,sw9e ,,& ,,p\ltry ,,may ,,be ,,admitt$4 ,,h[ ,,!y ,,may ,,be ,,useful4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,insects4 ,,p\ltry ,,& ,,curculio4 ,9 a previ\s *apt]1 ref]5ce has be5 made to ! necessity ( ?or\gh cultivation ( ! soil among "y trees2 b ! importance ( ! prop] att5tion to or*>d culture is s great1 t x des]ves sep>ate consid]ation4 ,! ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil be=e committ+ ! roots ( our trees to its embraces1 :i* 0 fully impress$ ^u ! or*>di/1 might h induc$ "s to ?9k t ?is 0 to be suffici5t = !m2 b x ought r to be inf]r$ t any crop = :i* ^! prelim9>y labors 7 recomm5d$1 %\ld receive cont9u\s att5tions ( a simil> "*4 ,x is ) ! desire t ^! views %\ld obta91 & to indicate & specify1 "s ( ! mo/ suitable modes ( proc$ure1 t ! foll[+ rem>ks are pres5t$ 9 ?is place4 ,if ! gr\nd1 :i* has be5 appropriat$ to ! or*>d1 be also occupi$ z f>m+ l&1 z is usually done = a few ye>s aft] plant+1 :ile ! trees are small1 x %\ld be exclusively devot$ to ho$ crops2 by :i* is meant ^? t require con/ant cultivation & /irr+ ( ! soil4 ,indian corn is a favorite on acc\nt ( ! ?or\gh culture :i* is be/[$ ^u x1 b !re are "s objectors to its use2 by su* x is consid]$ too rank a gr[]2 x is ?\ght to absorb too mu* ( ! moi/ure ( ! soil1 & too greatly to ov]-%ad[ ! "y trees if !y be s small z has be5 recomm5d$ "u ! head ( ,selection & ,plant+4 ,to ?is objection1 h[ev]1 x is urg$ by o!rs t ! p>tial %ade dur+ ! latt] "p ( summ] is a b5efit r ?an an injury4 ,if ! /alks be left /&+ ^u ! gr\nd dur+ ! w9t]1 !y modify ! =ce ( ! w9ds1 & may ev5 be ( b5efit1 by ! protection !y furni% to ! /ems ( ! "y trees2 & :5 !y fall to ! gr\nd1 ) _! abundant foliage1 ^! mat]ials con/itute a w9t] mul*+ ( consid]able value4 ,ev5 if ! fodd] has be5 cut up1 z is usually done by prud5t f>m]s1 ! %ocks scatt]$ ?r\gh ! fields mu/ ex]cise a consid]able protect+ influ5ce4 ,melons1 cucumb]s1 cabbages1 potatoes1 turnips1 & o!r root crops1 :i* require frequ5t cultivation1 are pref]r$ by "s or*>di/s1 because ( _! be+ l[]1 & ?us !y w %ade only ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 )\t affect+ ! trees !mselves4 ,let x ev] be rememb]$1 p>ticul>ly 9 respect to soils t are ( poor or ( mod]ate f]tility1 t all ^! crops w remove _! full %>e ( plant-food f ! l& t we h already appropriat$ to ano!r object1 & t ! ma9 crop :i* we desire to draw its su/5ance f ! e>? = a long s]ies ( ye>s may ?us be robb$ ( its prop] n\ri%m5t4 ,"u su* circum/ances we mu/ meet ! em]g5cy by applications ( f]tiliz+ mat]ials4 ,i am aw>e t x may be urg$ by ! !ori/s ( agriculture1 t ^! crops call ^u ! soil = diff]5t elem5ts1 & t1 accord+ to ! cu/om>y views ( ! objects atta9$ by a rotation1 !y may ev5 be ( advantage to ^? :i* are to foll[4 ,o!rs w make ! practical obs]vation t ! f]tiliz+ mat]ials ( common use 9 mod]n agriculture1 may s readily be appli$ to comp5sate = ^! ab/ractions f ! soil1 t ?is is a matt] ( little mom5t1 & n wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,b x %\ld be obs]v$ t1 :ile m5 w (t5 be induc$ to apply f]tiliz]s to ! tempor>y crop1 c\nt+ ^u an imm$iate return = _! outlay1 !y seldom feel will+ to make any return to ! soil 9 comp5sation = :at !y h already remov$ f x1 & r wait until ! necessity = su* enri*m5t becomes pa9fully app>5t 9 ! dim9i%$ productiv5ess ( _! fields4 ,ho$ crops1 su* z ^? above m5tion$1 %\ld alone be all[$ to occupy ! space betwe5 ! "y trees1 & on no acc\nt %\ld any :ite /raw crops1 or grasses be introduc$1 at lea/ = sev]al ye>s1 nor until ! or*>d %all h become well e/abli%$4 ,9 _m species ( fruits1 x is und\bt$ly bett] to keep up ! surface cultivation cont9u\sly1 at lea/ :]ev] ! *>act]s ( ! site & soil w p]mit x2 b !re are _m situations :]e ! abruptness ( ! declivities appropriat$ to fruit-gr[+1 & (t5 admirably adapt$ to su* purpose1 absolutely =bid cont9u$ cultivation4 ,9 su* places x w be necess>y soon to )draw ! pl[1 & to dep5d ^u loos5+ ! soil ab\t ! trees ) ! spade or =k1 & ^u ! mell[+ & meliorat+ effects ( mul*+4 ,! exp5se ( all ! op]ations t are p]=m$ by human labor r5d]s !m inapplicable1 except 9 small or*>ds & g>d5s2 & 9 all l>ge plantations we mu/ dep5d ^u ! common e>?-work]s t are drawn by horses4 ,among ^!1 a pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to su* z /ir & pulv]ize ! soil ne> ! surface only2 %all[ culture ( ! upp] lay]s ( e>? effects ! objects 9 view bett] ?an t :i* is deep]4 ,! intrud+ we$s are subdu$ & a mell[ condition ( ! e>? is ! result1 :ile ! roots are n torn & bruis$1 b are enc\rag$ to turn _! fe$+ fibres into ! /ratum ( mell[ soil above !m4 ,:5 ! trees h become well e/abli%$1 or :5 ! nature ( ! soil & ! brok5 "* ( ! surface ( ! or*>d require x1 we may se$ d[n ! gr\nd ) clov]1 :i* is pref]r$ to any ( ! grasses3 ! broad foliage w %ade ! gr\nd1 & may rema9 on ! surface z a mul*1 or be mod]ately pa/ur$ by suitable /ock4 ,mul*+ ! "y or*>d has "s advantages ov] cultivation1 b except 9 ! proximity ( ! salt-m>%es ( ! ,ea/1 or ne> ! great /raw piles on ! va/ gra9 fields ( ! ,we/]n prairies1 x is almo/ impossible to procure mul*+ mat]ials = ext5sive or*>ds2 s t1 unless we consid] ! clov] & o!r legumes z a liv+ mul*1 or gr[ su* crops ^u ! l& itself1 to be us$ 9 ?is way1 we %all be ?r[n back ^u culture ( ! surface1 :i*1 9 ! mell[ soil ?us produc$1 furni%es a mo/ admirable mul*+1 t fills all ! indications1 at lea/ 9 ! season :5 x is mo/ ne$$4 ,?is is a matt] ( ! greate/ importance1 especially dur+ ! fir/ ye> aft] plant+1 :5 our trees s imp]atively dem& ! protection ( a mul*2 & x is f\nd t :5 ! usual applications ( /raw or simil> mat]ial _c be obta9$1 or are unsuitable = ! situation1 especial att5tion to ! condition ( ! upp] lay] ( e>? ab\t ! trees is ( ! greate/ importance2 ?is %\ld be kept ?or\ghly loos5$ & f9ely dis9tegrat$ = ! admission ( air & moi/ure4 ,mul*+1 ev5 ( an old & app>5tly exhau/$ or*>d1 has be5 f\nd to ex]cise a mo/ happy effect ^u its heal? & productiv5ess4 ,su* a "o gr[+ ^u a t5aci\s clay1 :i* _h ceas$ to yield any crops = ye>s1 0 re/or$ to abundant fruitfulness by cov]+ ! gr\nd ) a c\ple ( in*es ( sp5t b>k f an adjo9+ tann]y1 & simil> effects h be5 produc$ by ! application ( /raw1 & ( ! bagasse f sorghum1 :]e ^? mat]ials c\ld be procur$2 b ^! 7 necess>ily limit$ to a small numb] ( trees1 & !y c nev] be adopt$ 9 ! treatm5t ( l>ge or*>ds4 ,=tunately1 = u1 h[ev]1 9 "s k9ds ! trees !mselves provide u %ade = ! gr\nd1 :5 !y are prop]ly tra9$ & closely plant$1 :i* w prev5t ! intrusion ( we$s & grasses1 & ! fall+ leaves & spray w also yield a mul*+ ( no mean value4 ,inde$1 ! trimm+s f ! or*>d1 z well z ! decay+ foliage t annually falls to ! gr\nd1 belong to ! soil1 & might be left ^u x ) great advantage to keep up its f]tility by _! decay1 & ev5 to increase x1 z !y d 9 ! natural =e/1 7 x n = ! slov5ly appe>ance !y produce4 ,dr4 ,w>d1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 has practic$ mul*+ r ext5sively1 & ) excell5t results4 ,he uses salt hay f ! m>%es2 aft] pl[+ ! gr\nd 9 ! spr+1 he applies ! mul*+ 9 a heavy lay]1 :i* keeps d[n ! we$s1 pres]ves ! moi/ure ( ! soil1 & ex]ts a v happy influ5ce ^u ! trees4 ,f :at has prec$$1 ! read] may inf] t ! or*>d is n to be us$ = a pa/ure field1 & yet ?is is a v common appropriation ( ! inclosure t conta9s our fruit trees--at lea/ aft] !y h atta9$ suffici5t size to be consid]$ out ( ! way ( s]i\s injury4 ,let x n be suppos$ t ! indiscrim9ate pa/ur+ ( an or*>d is advocat$2 on ! contr>y1 x is :olly deprecat$1 except z w be indicat$ bel[4 ,all /ock w trample & h>d5 ! soil4 ,l[-head$ trees w be sadly injur$ by live /ock ( all k9ds4 ,horses & mules w (t5 ru9 ! trees by de/roy+ ! b>k1 & trimm+ (f ! twigs1 z high z !y c rea*4 ,horn$ cattle w br[se ! spray1 & :]e )9 rea* !y w also break & twi/ bran*es ( consid]able size4 ,?\gh mu* small]1 goats are entirely inadmissable1 s9ce !y n only trim (f all ! foliage )9 _! rea*1 b !y w also gre$ily dev\r ! b>k f ! trees1 & ?us commit sad havoc among !m4 ,%eep1 on ! contr>y1 may (t5 be introduc$ into an or*>d ) advantage1 z !y w eat (f a great _m we$s1 & ?us cle> ! l& ( su* intrud]s2 b !y w also spoil l[-head$ "y trees by eat+ all ! leaves )9 _! rea*1 & !y %\ld nev] be all[$ access to ! or*>d 9 w9t]1 at lea/ n :ile !re are any trees rema9+ ) smoo? b>k1 z !y w (t5 attack su* & /rip (f all t !y c get at3 %eep are (t5 v desirable 9 cid] or*>ds :5 us$ to crop (f ! h]bage closely1 j be=e ! rip5+ & fall ( ! fruit4 ,! only dome/ic animals :i* %\ld ev] be all[$ free range 9 ! or*>d1 are sw9e1 & ! diff]5t sorts ( p\ltry4 ,all ( ^! w prove really useful 9 ! de/ruction ( va/ numb]s ( ! insects t are p>ticul>ly injuri\s to our cultivat$ fruits1 & :i* are (t5 enorm\sly multipli$ 9 our old or*>ds4 ,sw9e1 x is true1 w sometimes le>n to climb small trees t h v l[ bran*es1 :i* !y break (f 9 _! attempts to help !mselves to ! fruit--?is has be5 obs]v$ p>ticul>ly 9 pea* & *]ry or*>ds4 ,^! animals are ( use too z e>?-work]s1 :5 !y h n be5 mutilat$1 = ) _! peculi>ly =m$ sn\ts !y w turn ov] a l>ge ext5t ( ! surface1 :ile 9 pursuit ( ! l>v & pup ( _m ( ! de/ructive insects1 t 9 su* /ages ( _! exi/5ce occupy ! soil b5ea? our fruit trees2 9 ?is mann]1 sw9e are valuable adjuvants to ! practical entomologi/4 ,! hog is a mo/ useful scav5g]1 & also a great economi/ 9 ! or*>d1 =1 be+ omnivor\s1 aft] fe$+ ^u ! luxuriant h]bage ( ! r$ clov]1 he takes 8 dess]t f ! fall5 fruit1 :i*1 be+ defective1 w\ld o!rwise be wa/$3 b we mu/ rememb] t mo/ ( ^! w9d-falls are occupi$ by ! l>v ( insects :i* are ?us put out ( ! way ( do+ fur!r h>m1 :ile contribut+ v>iety to ! porc9e diet4 ,! additions ( manure to ! soil1 :i* are di/ribut$ ov] ! or*>d by ^! animals1 are also f\nd to be ( s]vice4 ,trees1 :i* are frequ5t$ by sw9e1 are g5]ally heal?y1 & ! bitt]-rot is report$ to h disappe>$ f or*>ds t 7 badly affect$ ) t malady be=e ! sw9e 7 admitt$4 ,! advantages result+ f keep+ bo? sw9e & p\ltry1 b p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 conf9$ among plum trees1 is a matt] ( g5]al notoriety2 nor ne$ we inquire :e!r ?is dep5ds ^u ! f>-rea*+ in/9ct ( ! insect1 :i* w>ns h] aga9/ deposit+ h] eggs :]e ! prog5y mu/ surely be de/roy$1 or ^u ! actual de/ruction ( ! l>v by ^! animals1 to su* an ext5t z to dim9i% ! numb] ( depr$ators ! foll[+ season4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 dep5d ^u ^! & o!r valuable aids1 to ! exclusion ( p]sonal ef=ts1 if we desire to secure good crops ( ! delici\s fruits t usually fall a prey to _! attacks4 ,9 conclusion1 ! or*>di/ _c be too /rongly impress$ ) ! importance ( cultivat+ 8 "y trees 9 ! mo/ ?or\gh mann]2 nor c he ex]cise too mu* c>e 9 avoid+ injury to ! /ems & roots1 9 practis+ ?is con/ant culture ( ! soil4 ,9 collections ( dw>f fruit trees1 he w h less difficulty on ?is score1 because he w be re/rict$ to h&-labor2 b ! spade & =k w be f\nd mu* m exp5sive 9 _! use ?an ! pl[ & cultivator4 ,,pl[+ ,,up ,,old ,,or*>ds4--,a "q frequ5tly arises z to ! be/ c\rse to be pursu$ ) an old neglect$ or*>d1 :i* has become cov]$ ) a d5se sod ( grass1 & ?is (t5 ( an inf]ior "*1 & full ( disagreeable we$s4 ,or*>ds t h be5 widely plant$1 & :i* h gaps f ! decay ( trees1 especially :5 ^! h be5 trimm$ up ) high /ems & long nak$ bran*es1 d n ca/ suffici5t %ade ^u ! gr\nd to prev5t ! gr[? ( grass & we$s4 ,^! intrud]s occupy ! surface soil to ! disadvantage ( ! roots ( ! fruit trees1 & we may wond]fully improve ! heal? ( su* or*>d by pl[+ ! gr\nd1 & at ! same "t sev]ely prun+ ! bran*es & cleans+ ! b>k ( ^! old trees4 ,^! good results may be cont9u$ by %all[ culture ( ! soil1 ) suitable applications ( manure :]e ne$$4 ,by giv+ a dose ( lime1 or ( m>l1 & a%es1 we %all infuse a new life & gr[? & productiv5ess t w a/oni% & delight u1 & rew>d u = our labors & outlay4 ,x may be urg$ z an objection to break+ up ! sod1 t ! mo/ c>eful pl[man w unavoidably damage "s ( ! roots t approa* ! surface1 b ?is is an injury t mu/ be submitt$ to2 & aft] all x is n su* a s]i\s affair1 & is ov]balanc$ by ! advantages ( r5ew+ ! productiv5ess ( ! exhau/$ or*>d4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,philosophy ,,( ,,prun+4 ,,prun+1 ,,nature',s4 ,,we ,,prune1 ,,fir/1 ,,= ,,%ape ,,& ,,comel9ess2 ,,second1 ,,= ,,fruit4 ,,prun+ ,,"y ,,trees ,,9 ,,! ,,nurs]y4 ,,rules ,,=4 ,,season ,,=4 ,,prun+ ,,= ,,fruit ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,done ,,*iefly ,,9 ,,summ]4 ,,?9n+ ,,out4 ,,%ort5+-,,94 ,,root ,,prun+4 ,,philosophy ,,(4 ,,advantages ,,(4 ,,"* ,,( ,,roots ,,produc$ ,,by ,,x4 ,,9 ,,! ,,v9e4 ,,sev]e ,,9 ,,w9t] ,,to ,,produce ,,wood ,,& ,,dim9i% ,,blossoms4 ,,adapt ,,to ,,v>ieties4 ,,9 ,,summ] ,,to ,,dim9i% ,,excessive ,,fruitage1 ,,& ,,to ,,direct ,,sap ,,into ,,new ,,canes4 ,,trimm+ ,,9 ,,g>d5esque1 ,,requir+ ,a ,,correct ,,eye ,,& ,,good ,,ta/e4 ,,prun+ ,,%\ld ,,be ,,conduct$ ,,^u ,,truly ,,philosophical ,,pr9ciples1 ,,or ,,n ,,at ,,all4 ,,qualifications ,,requir$ ,,9 ,,^? ,,:o ,,prune4 ,,! ,,op]ation ,,seldom ,,well ,,p]=m$4 ,,prun+ ,,( ,,! ,,grape1 ,,%ort ,,& ,,long4 ,,reasons ,,= ,,& ,,objections ,,to ,,ea*4 ,,seasons ,,= ,,prun+ ,,! ,,v9e4 ,prun+ is "o ( ! mo/ important op]ations t we p]=m ^u plants1--especially woody plants4 ,prun+1 9 "s sort1 has to be p]=m$ at all p]iods ( _! exi/5ce & gr[?1 & ^u all plants1 f ! noble =e/ tree1 or ! fruit trees ( ! or*>d1 ( :atev] k9d1 to ! humble bu%es & brambles t yield u _! abundant & mo/ welcome fruits3 ! trail+ v9e t adorns our arbors & cov]s our trellises ) its ri* & tempt+ clu/]s ( grapes1 also ne$s to be prun$4 ,_m h]bace\s plants are also submitt$ to judici\s prun+1 & yield 9 consequ5ce an increas$ product ( fruit4 ,our ornam5tal g>d5]s & plant-gr[]s practice prun+ mo/ admirably ^u _! h\se-plants1 & by _! successful practice1 !y produce ! mo/ wond]ful effects1 :i* are manife/$ 9 ! vigor1 ?rift1 symmetry1 & blossom+ ( _! specim5s4 ,& yet1 :5 we come to travel ab\t ! c\ntry1 & to see ! %rubb]ies1 ! p>ks1 ! or*>ds1 fruit-g>d5s1 & v9ey>ds1 z !y are1 we %all be /ruck ) ! great am\nt ( ignorance or neglect manife/$ by :at we ev]y:]e behold6 ,/ill m %all we be surpris$1 :5 we he> nurs]ym5 & or*>di/s1 m5 :o h _h opportunities = ext5d$ obs]vation1 & ^? too1 :o are consid]$ successful cultivators1 advocate ! idea t trees %\ld n be prun$ at all4 ,an apology may be f\nd = !m 9 ! _m in/ances ( bad prun+ t may frequ5tly be met )4 ,!y may say t no prun+ is bett] ?an su* mutilation1 & ) "s v>ieties ( fruit1 !y may h a %[ ( reason on _! side1 z !re are _m sorts t w v naturally produce an op5 head1 e :]e provid$ ) abundant fruit-spurs1 :i* are ! great desid]ata ( ! fruit-gr[]4 ,we prune our plants = ! mo/ opposite purposes2 we prune to make !m assume "s desir$ =m1 we prune to produce symmetry1 & we prune to torture !m z mu* z possible f _! natural habit4 ,aga91 we prune to make !m gr[ vigor\sly1 & we p]=m o!r prun+ op]ations1 9 ord] to dw>f & /unt our specim5s1 & to make !m z dim9utive z possible4 ,! exp]i5c$ or*>di/ w tell y to prune a b>r5 b ?rifty tree1 9 ord] to make x productive ( fruit2 & he w also tell y to prune "o t has exp5d$ all its en]gies 9 fruit-be>+1 & appe>s likely to exhau/ itself to its own de/ruction4 ,^u v high au?ority1 support$ by univ]sal & annual practice1 ! v9e dress] w tell y to prune y\r v9e 9 ord] to make x fruitful2 ! same au?ority w advise y to prune 9 su* a mann] z to prev5t an ov]-production--& he w insi/ t y %all prune aga9 dur+ ! season ( gr[?1 to promote ! same objects4 ,?us x appe>s t ! ends to be atta9$ by ?is important op]ation are exce$+ly div]se1 & app>5tly contradictory3 nor is x any wond] t ! novice %\ld feel bewild]$ 9 ! mid/ ( directions s opposite1 nor ev5 t ^? :o h gr[n gray 9 ! or*>d1 %\ld h arriv$ at ! /range conclusions j m5tion$1 n to prune at all4 ,& yet1 not)/&+ ^! app>5t contradictions1 !re is a reason = ea* ( ^! v>i\s modes1 z well z = ! diff]5t seasons t h be5 recomm5d$ = p]=m+ ! sev]al op]ations ( prun+4 ,x may be said t 9 natural trees1 :e!r /&+ alone 9 ! mid/ ( a prairie1 ?9ly gr\p$ 9 ! op5+1 or cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! d5se =e/1 we may behold ! mo/ p]fect models ( beauty & fruitfulness2 yet ^! h nev] be5 subject$ to ! action ( ! knife1 ! saw1 nor ! hat*et4 ,true1 & yet !y h all be5 prun$ by nature4 ,%e prunes & tra9s magnific5tly1 & gives u ! f9e/ models = imitation1 :e!r = p>k sc5]y1 z 9 ! lone tree ( ! prairie1 or 9 ! scatt]$ gr\ps ( ! isl& groves t are s (t5 se5 9 ! broad savannas ( ! ,we/1 or 9 =e/s ( noble %afts1 gaz$ at ) admiration1 !n fell$ by ! ru?less ax1 & conv]t$ to man's economic uses4 ,%e also %[s u ! patt]n 9 ! d5se p9]ies1 & o!r timb] tracts ( our c\ntry4 ,all ^! h be5 prun$ into _! pres5t condition by ! h& ( nature4 ,9 ! s+le specim51 free access ( air & light h enabl$ x to assume its full proportions1 develop+ itself on e side1 & giv+ u ! gr& & beautiful object we behold4 ,! w9ds h toss$ ! bran*es & "s h be5 brok51 ! l[] ones h quietly & gradually yield$ to ! smo!r+ influ5ce ( ^? above !m1 :i*1 9 turn1 h swept d[nw>d t[>d ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! groves1 ! scatt]+ trees h = a :ile enjoy$ ! same opportunities = developm5t2 b at l5g? _! bran*es h met toge!r1 & int]lock$ 9 fri5dly embrace4 ,^? t 7 ne>e/ ! gr\nd _h already begun to suff] f ! d5s] canopy above !m b ! great /urdy b\ghs t _h %ot upw>d s z to =m a "p ( ! cr[n1 7 able to reta9 _! vantage gr\nd1 & cont9ue z important memb]s ( ! trees4 ,9 ^! illu/rations1 we h se5 m ( nature's tra9+ ?an ( h] prun+2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t tra9+ is "o ( ! objects1 & inde$1 a lead+ elem5t ( prun+1 & is v prop]ly a matt] = our consid]ation4 ,9 ! d5se primeval =e/ we see nature's prun+ exhibit$ ^u a gr& & p]fect scale2 tall1 /raight1 & noble trunks rise maje/ically on e h&2 n a twig nor limb breaks ! symmetry ( ! gradually tap]+ %afts1 t are clo!d 9 b>k :i* does n indicate t !y _h ev] be5 furni%$ ) bran*es2 & yet !y h borne bran*es f _! base to _! summit1 & nature has s neatly remov$ !m t we _c detect ! m>ks ( h] prun+-saw4 ,h[ ?is has be5 effect$1 may be se5 9 any d5se ?icket ( "y =e/ gr[?4 ,x is simply a smo!r+ ( ! l[] bran*es by ^? next above !m1 :i* has de/roy$ _! vitality1 & _! decay has soon foll[$2 :ile a new gr[? ( bran*es at a high] po9t1 9 turn1 p]=ms ! same (fice ( de/ruction ^u ^? next bel[ !m4 ,z !re is no outlet = ! wood-gr[? b 9 an upw>d direction1 upw>ds !y mu/ ne$s g1 & z !re is no light nor air = lat]al bran*es "u su* a canopy ( %ade1 dea? & decay ensue1 & d[n !y p]=ce mu/ come4 ,if x be ask$ :y we prune at all1 x may be answ]$ 9 g5]al t]ms t 9 ! or*>d1 our objects 9 p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 are two-fold4 #a/--,we prune = %ape & comel9ess1 & = ! removal ( dead & dy+ bran*es1 9 aid ( nature1 b work+ 9 sympa?y ) h]4 #b;d--,we prune = ! sake ( induc+ fruitfulness4 ,let u consid] "s ( ! pr9ciples t are to guide u 9 ^! op]ations4 ,! fir/ object1 t ( produc+ ! desir$ %ape ( ! future tree1 is *iefly done ^u ! "y subject1 ev5 9 ! nurs]y-r[4 ,! judici\s prun]1 be+ well aw>e ( ! upw>d t5d5cy ( "y gr[?1 & t ?is is increas$ by ! cr[d$ condition ( ! trees 9 ! nurs]y squ>e1 seeks to ov]come ! evil by prop] prun+4 ,if ! gr[? be altoge!r upw>d1 ) no side bran*es ! fir/ season1 ! /em w be sl5d]1 (t5 s mu* s z to b5d ov] ) its own weight4 ,! wise nurs]yman c>efully avoids di/urb+ ! leaves or lat]al bran*es1 well kn[+ _! importance 9 =m+ ! woody trunk4 ,at ! prop] season he trims 8 trees d[n1 in/ead ( trimm+ !m up--?is he does by head+ !m back to ! hight at :i* he desires !m to =m _! bran*es--at ! same "t1 he %ort5s 9 ! lat]als2 8 object 9 bo? in/ances be+ to *eck ! upw>d t5d5cy ( gr[? by remov+ ! /rong t]m9al buds1 :i* w\ld naturally h =m$ ! new %oots ! com+ season4 ,! result ( ?is treatm5t is to call into action sev]al buds at ! upp] "p ( ! /ock4 ,^! are to =m ! arms ( ! tree1 & h5ce a v important "p ( ! prun+ & tra9+ ( ! plant is ?us p]=m$ at once by ?is simple op]ation ( head+-back ! "y nurs]y tree4 ,b fur!r att5tion is ne$$1 z ^! arms develop !mselves dur+ ! next season ( gr[?2 !y %\ld n be too num]\s1 nor too mu* cr[d$ toge!r2 !y %\ld n be too ne>ly mat*$ 9 /r5g?1 & "o %\ld be kept z a lead]1 /rong] ?an ! re/4 ,nev] all[ two %oots to rema9 cont5d+ = ! ma/]y2 "o ( !m %\ld be subord9at$ by cutt+1 break+1 or twi/+1 z soon z x is obs]v$2 = h[ beautifully develop$1 a tree gr[n 9 ?is way1 may appe> :5 well balanc$1 !re is always dang] ( its splitt+ d[n :5 heavily lad5 ) fruit4 ,?is v common error ( our or*>ds us$ to be qua9tly illu/rat$ by a de> old fri5d on ! prairies ( ,ill9ois1 :o cit$ ! advice ( a ,scot* jockey to :om he _h appli$ = c\nsel 9 ! pur*ase ( a piece ( horse-fle%4 ,ne'er buy a horse ^: twa =e-legs cum oot frae ae hole1 said he1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,/ew>t appli$ ! same pr9ciple to 8 "y fruit trees1 by nev] all[+ !m to h two equal lead]s1 bran*+ f "o po9t4 ,x is also important to h ! lat]al bran*es regul>ly di/ribut$ on diff]5t sides4 ,! precise po9t or elevation po9t at :i* ?is head+-back %\ld be done1 w dep5d v mu* ^u ! object ( ! cultivator1 & :e!r he desires to produce a high or a l[ head1 a /&>d1 half /&>d1 or a dw>f1 or conical tree--su* z are (t5 call$ pyramids4 ,he w /udy ! wants & fancies ( 8 cu/om]s 9 ?is matt]1 b we ( ! ,we/1 h le>n$ ! importance = u1 at lea/1 ( trimm+ our trees d[n1 & n trimm+ !m up1 z is (t5 done by ^? :o anticipate pl[+ & plant+ crops "u ! %ade ( _! or*>ds4 ,! prop] po9t = =m+ ! bran*es to make ! head1 w v mu* dep5d1 h[ev]1 ^u ! habit ( ! v>iety2 :e!r x be droop+1 spread+1 or upright4 ,! =m] w require ! bran*es to be />t$ at a high] po9t4 ,! prop] season = p]=m+ ?is k9d ( prun+ is 9 ! e>ly spr+1 or aft] ! sev]e fro/s ( w9t] h pass$2 & ) "s k9ds ( or*>d trees1 x may be done at ! "t ( transplant+ !m1 :5 !y ne$ a sev]e prun+4 ,! second object ( prun+ be+ done ) a view to ! production ( fruitfulness 9 ! tree1 is to be practis$ *iefly 9 ! summ]4 ,at ! same "t1 or dur+ ! gr[+ season1 mu* may be done to advantage1 bo? 9 ?9n+-out & %ort5+-9 su* p>ts ( ! tree1 z may ne$ ^! plans ( treatm5t4 ,v>i\s me?ods are pursu$ to produce fruitfulness1 all ( !m dep5d+ ^u ! fact t ?is condition arises f ! natural habit ( a tree to make its wood-gr[? freely = a s]ies ( ye>s4 ,aft] x has built up a complicat$ /ructure ( limbs & bran*es1 ) "s consequ5t ob/ruction to ! fl[ ( sap1 dep5d+ ^u ! h>d5+ ( ! woody tissues1 & ! tortu\s c\rse ( its circulation1 x !n appe>s to h rea*$ its maturity1 or its fruit-be>+ condition4 ,x !n ceases to make su* free wood-gr[?1 & prep>es a set ( buds1 :i* develop fl[]s & fruit4 ,n[ ?is p]iod ( gr[? & unfruitfulness may cont9ue = a long] or %ort] "t 9 diff]5t v>ieties ( fruits2 & ! %ort5+ ( ?is1 is ! great object ( summ] prun+1 & ( o!r me?ods ( produc+ fruitfulness t may be class$ "u ?is second head ( ! objects ( prun+4 ,to appreciate _! importance & ! mode 9 :i* ! effect is produc$1 we mu/ ev] be> 9 m9d ! two great acts ( vegetable life1 t ( wood-gr[? or gr[? by ext5sion1 & ! wond]ful morphological *ange ( ?is gr[? into fl[]s & fruit4 ,^! are1 9 "s s5se1 antagoni/ic4 ,! fir/ is ess5tial to ! production ( timb]1 to ! build+ up ( ! tree1 & %\ld be enc\rag$ to d its "w undi/urb$1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 t we may h a sub/antial frame-"w by :i* our fruits c be support$4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is ! ultimate desid]atum ) fruit-gr[]s1 & 9 our impati5ce to reap a quick rew>d1 we (t5 resort to measures t t5d to curtail ! usefulness1 size1 & beauty1 z well z ! p]man5ce ( our trees4 ,?is is an illu/ration ( ! axiom1 t :atev] ?reat5s ! vitality ( a plant1 t5ds to make x fruitful2 x calls into activity ! in/9ctive ef=t to p]petuate ! species by ! production ( se$1 t may be sep>at$ f ! p>5t1 & e/abli% a sep>ate & indep5d5t exi/5ce1 to take ! place ( t1 ! life ( :i* is ?reat5$4 ,summ] prun+ & p9*+ int]f]es ) ! gr[? by ext5sion1 & ?reat5s ! v life ( ! tree2 ! entire removal ( all new %oots & _! foliage1 & ! removal ( ! successive attempts by ! tree at _! reproduction1 w cause its dea? 9 a little :ile4 ,_! p>tial ab/raction1 z practic$ 9 summ] prun+ & p9*+1 be+ an attack ( ! same k9d1 results 9 ! =mation ( fruit-buds4 ,! op]ations ( budd+ & graft+ ^u an uncong5ial /ock1 int]rupt+ ! circulation by r++1 by ligatures1 by hack+1 twi/+1 & b5d+ d[nw>d1 all t5d to *eck ! gr[? by ext5sion1 & are att5d$ by simil> results1 s9ce !y are antagoni/ic to ! m]e production ( wood4 ,%ort5+-9 ! bran*es ( "s species1 :i* =m _! fruit-buds ^u ! %oots ( ! curr5t ye>1 has ! effect to give !m a full] developm5t1 if p]=m$ dur+ ! summ]1 b if def]r$ until ! foll[+ spr+1 x w h ! directly opposite result1 & w cause ! production ( woody %oots at ! exp5se ( ! fruit4 ,! season = prun+ has be5 made ! subject ( mu* discussion1 & diff]5t p]iods h be5 v confid5tly advis$ by diff]5t au?orities1 f :i* x may safely be inf]r$ t all are some:at "r1 or may be support$ by good reasons4 ,?is ref]s ( c\rse to prun+ 9 its g5]al s5se1 ( trimm+1 & applies to ! removal ( limbs ( great] or less size4 ,we always desire to avoid ! removal ( l>ge limbs1 & %\ld endeavor to provide aga9/ ! necessity ( su* removal1 by trimm+ our or*>ds suffici5tly :5 !y are "y1 & :ile ! bran*es are small2 b :5 su* removal becomes absolutely necess>y1 x %\ld be p]=m$ late 9 ! autumn1 :5 vegetation is at re/1 because x is f\nd t su* l>ge w\nds1 :i* _c be soon heal$ ov] by ! new gr[?1 w at ?is season dry 91 & resi/ ! action ( ! elem5ts bett] ?an if ! section _h be5 made :5 ! wood 0 full ( sap 9 active circulation4 ,e>ly spr+ is a favorite p]iod = prun+1 *iefly because x is comp>atively a p]iod ( leisure2 ! wea!r is less inclem5t ?an 9 w9t]1 & ! abs5ce ( foliage af=ds u an opportunity to see our "w & to anticipate its effects ^u ! tree4 ,s soon z ! buds beg9 to swell & ! foliage to exp&1 prun+ %\ld be arre/$1 unless 9 small trees1 because ! sap is 9 active motion1 & ! mat]ial call$ cambium is n yet develop$1 h5ce ! w\nds w ble$1 & are n s readily heal$ ov]2 besides1 ! b>k at ?is season is v readily sep>at$ f ! wood1 & bad w\nds are ?us frequ5tly produc$ by ! prun]1 :i* may s]i\sly damage ! tree4 ,!n foll[s a p]iod :5 prun+ _h bett] be susp5d$ until ! "t t ! trees h complet$ _! gr[? by ext5sion1 & =m$ ! t]m9al bud at ! ends ( _! %oots4 ,! date _c be giv51 b x is suffici5tly indicat$ by ?is m>k 9 nature's cal5d>2 ! =mation & full developm5t ( ! t]m9al bud1 & by ! copi\s deposits ( woody matt] ?r\gh\t ! tree4 ,! annual lay] ( fibres is !n be+ produc$1 & ! tissues are 9 ! =mative /age2 ! tree n[ possesses )9 its own organism ! be/ ( all pla/]s to cure & cov] ! w\nds made by ! saw & knife1 n[ ! tree possesses ! true vis m$icatrix natur 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,a few intellig5t nurs]ym5 h le>n$ ?is v important lesson1 & h appli$ x 9 ! prep>ation ( _! trees1 = ! exposure incid5t to _! removal f ! nurs]y to ! or*>d4 ,a v few practice x sy/ematically2 ,i knew "o1 7alas1 = ! lam5t$ ,beel]1 ( ,indiana71 :o act$ ^u ! sugge/ion made to him by obs]vations & exp]im5ts 9 vegetable physiology4 ,he left ! side bran*es1 ?\gh subord9at$ by %ort5+ :5 necess>y1 9 ord] to give /ocky /ems to 8 trees1 & !n remov$ !m ) ! knife dur+ ! summ] be=e !y 7 to be sold & plant$1 in/ead ( wait+ until !y 7 dug & s5t to ! pack+ h\se 9 ! fall or spr+4 ,! result 01 t :ile 8 /ems 7 /\t & /ocky1 !y 7 also smoo?1 ! w\nds neatly heal$ ov] ) new b>k1 in/ead ( be+ op5 f ! fre% cuts & liable to crack or ble$1 z !y w\ld h done _h ?is prun+ be5 def]r$ until aft] digg+1 ei!r 9 ! fall or spr+4 ,?is may be consid]$ a small matt]1 b x is an illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 select+ ! p]iod = prun+4 ,= ! removal ( small limbs f "y trees1 h>dly any "t c come amiss--bett] to d x out ( season ?an to neglect x1 & x is a good rule to h a %>p prun+ knife always at h& :5 pass+ ?r\gh our "y or*>ds4 ,!re is b "o "t :5 prun+ is absolutely int]dict$1 & t is :5 ! wood is froz54 ,:5 s circum/anc$1 x %\ld nev] be cut nor di/urb$ 9 any mann]--n ev5 to gratify y\r be/ fri5d1 by help+ him to a few grafts f y\r prov$ tree ( "s covet$ v>iety4 ,let him wait = a ?aw1 or g away )\t ! grafts1 r ?an commit su* an outrage ^u y\r tree3 z to approa* x ) a knife :5 froz54 ,:ile consid]+ ! "q ( ! prop] season = prun+1 !re is "o axiom ( great importance :i* %\ld be firmly impress$ ^u ! m9d ( ! or*>di/4 ,mu* w dep5d ^u :i* ( ! two lead+ objects1 above indicat$1 he may h 9 view--vigor ( gr[? & symmetry ( =m1 or simply fruitfulness1 z ! result ( 8 labors 9 prun+ 8 trees4 ,prun+ at "o season w induce ! =m] result1 at a diff]5t p]iod ( ! ye> ! same "w w conduce to ! latt]2 h5ce ! po/ulate ,prune 9 w9t] = wood2 9 summ] = fruit4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,?9n+4 ,,pr(usion ,,( ,,fruit-,,buds4 ,,wise ,,provision ,,aga9/ ,,accid5ts4 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,maturity ,,( ,,plants4 ,,morphology4 ,,! ,,"y ,,plant ,,gr[s ,,by ,,developm5t ,,( ,,/em ,,& ,,bran*es4 ,,leaf ,,buds ,,all ,,po9t$4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,adolesc5ce ,,v>ies4 ,,! ,,c5tury ,,plant4 ,a ,,def9ite ,,p]iod ,,= ,,ea* ,,v>iety4 ,,h[ ,,dim9i%$ ,,or ,,ext5d$4 ,,/>v+4 ,,cr[d+4 ,,cutt+ ,,! ,,roots4 ,,old ,,or ,,uncong5ial ,,/ocks4 ,,at ,,maturity ,,an ,,accumulation ,,( ,,nutritive ,,matt]4 ,,pres]v+ ,,! ,,balance ,,betwe5 ,,gr[? ,,& ,,fruitage4 ,,we ,,d ,,n ,,?9 ,,fruit ,,en\gh4 ,,trees ,,exhau/ ,,!mselves4 ,,bi5nial ,,be>]s4 ,,annual ,,be>]s ,,desirable4 ,,disbudd+4 ,,field',s ,,h$ges ,,( ,,pe>s4 ,,remove ,,portions ,,( ,,fruit4 ,,cutt+-,,9 ,,! ,,%oots ,,to ,,r$uce ,,fruit4 ,,dr4 ,,hull ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,,?9n+ ,,! ,,/rawb]ry4 ,,gooseb]ry4 ,,grape4 ,,?9n+ ,,apples ,,by ,,?re%+ ,,! ,,trees4 ,,by ,,sev]e ,,w9t] ,,prun+4 ,e p]son :o has look$ at a be>+ fruit tree 9 ! w9t] season1 mu/ h be5 /ruck ) wond] at ! great pr(usion ( fruit-buds ) :i* x 0 clo!d2 !y are cr[d$ along ! sl5d] spray ( "s v>ieties z ?ickly z a necklace ( beads1 or /ill m abundantly1 l clu/]s ( pe>ls1 !y are cr[d$ toge!r ^u ! little fruit-spurs4 ,we are incl9$ to cavil at ?is pr(usion ( nature1 & to ask :y ?is wa/e ( vegetative ef=t4 ,b we may re/ assur$ t x is only ano!r evid5ce ( ! un]r+ wisdom ( ,him :o doe? all ?+s well4 ,all blossom+ & fruit+ is b a *ang$ condition ( ^? buds t w\ld o!rwise h produc$ leaves & wood-gr[?4 ,e tree1 soon] or lat]1 rea*es a po9t :i* we call its p]iod ( maturity1 :5 "s ( its buds are ?us modifi$4 ,! same elem5tal p>ts are /ill pres5t2 b ^? t 7 arrang$ = ! production ( an elongat$ %oot1 ) leaves set ar\nd x 9 "s def9ite mann]1 & de/9$ = ! =mation ( woody gr[?1 are n[ s con/itut$ z to h a gr[? ( v %ort ext5sion1 & furni%$ ) modifi$ leaves1 s *ang$1 t we sc>cely recognize !m ?us cr[d$ toge!r ^u ?is %ort5$ & modifi$ axis4 ,we "h take our fir/ lesson 9 ! v int]e/+ /udy ( morphology1 or ! sci5ce ( ! *anges ( =m to :i* ! p>ts ( a plant are subject$1 9 ! production ( fl[]s & fruit1 f :at 7 o!rwise ! s\rce ( %oots & leaves4 ,?is w be f\nd "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ bran*es ( ! /udy ( botany1 z x leads u to ! inve/igation ( "o ( ! mo/ beautiful displays ( ,div9e p[]1 &1 l all su* /udies1 gives u m & m elevat$ views ( ! exalt$ wisdom & b5evol5ce ( an ,all-wise ,creator1 :o has produc$ no?+ 9 va91 & :o1 :ile creat+ worlds & sy/ems ( ! greate/ magnific5ce1 has condesc5d$ to prep>e ! mo/ t9y fl[]1 & its previ\s bud1 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]4 ,! /udy ( morphology :i* gives u su* an insight into ! me*anism ( ! plant1 & :i* leads u into su* mazes ( wond] & admiration1 _c n[ deta9 u fur!r ?an to be nam$ & ref]r$ to z ! explanation ( ! =mation ( :at we call fruit or blossom buds4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! full explanations ( ?is subject by ! fam\s philosoph] & poet1 ,goe!2 or1 if m conv5i5tly accessible1 to 8 ,engli% translators1 or to ! appropriate *apt]s 9 any ( ! mod]n text books ( botany4 ,:5 ! plant is "y1 its *ief object is to gr[2 x mu/ acquire size & developm5t1 to enable x to produce & be> up ! enorm\s crop x is de/9$ "o day to yield4 ,h5ce 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( a tree !re is none1 or v little ( ?is trans=mation ( ! buds1 :i* are all ( ! po9t$ "*1 & :5 excit$ into gr[?1 !y all produce %oots & leaves only1 :i* result 9 ! =mation ( an increase ( ! woody fabric1 t we call ! tree4 ,?is p]iod ( adolesc5ce is long] or %ort] 9 diff]5t species & v>ieties--9 "s x may ext5d ?r\gh _m ye>s4 ,?us1 ! ,am]ican ,aloe is call$ ! ,c5tury ,plant1 f ! common belief t x mu/ survive a hundr$ summ]s be=e ?is /age ( maturity & blossom+ is rea*$2 :]eas ?is plant only ne$s a p]iod ( ?irty ye>s or less to produce its blossoms1 :5 x is favorably situat$ z to soil & climate4 ,!re is1 x is probable1 a def9ite p]iod at :i* ea* k9d ( plant w h ^! *anges occur 9 ! buds1 :5 !y w beg9 to fl[] & to produce fruit4 ,?is p]iod may be accel]at$ or ret>d$1 to "s ext5t1 by human means2 = we h obs]v$1 t :atev] produces excessive vigor1 is att5d$ ) ! =mation ( leaf buds2 :]eas1 all ^? conditions & circum/ances t *eck ! vigor\s gr[? by ext5sion1 provid$ !y d n too greatly impair ! vitality ( ! plant1 w conduce to ! =mation ( fl[]-buds4 ,"s ( ^! conditions consi/ 9 />v+ ! tree1 or by plant+ x 9 a /]ile soil1 t has defici5t moi/ure2 by sev]ely cr[d+ ! roots1 or by cutt+ !m1 z 9 root prun+2 9 graft+ a portion ( ! "y plant ^u an old or an uncong5ial /ock1 or "o t is naturally dw>fi%2 9 r++ ! b>k2 9 frequ5t transplant+1 or 9 cont9u$ summ] p9*+2 9 %ort1 almo/ any circum/ances :i* appe> to ?reat5 ! life ( ! tree1 seem to excite )9 x an ef=t = ! pres]vation & p]petuation ( ! species1 by *ang+ ! bud plants1 atta*$ to ! p>5t1 into se$ plants1 t may & w be sep>at$ f x to rea* ! soil ev5tually1 & !re to e/abli% an indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,z ! tree advances 9 gr[?1 & approa*es t[>d its natural p]iod ( maturity1 x is suppos$ t !re is an accumulation ( nutritive matt] )9 x1 & at ! same "t ! roots w h exhau/$ ! soil1 to "s ext5t1 ( ! elem5ts t contribut$ to ! production ( wood-gr[?1 & ! result is ! =mation ( fl[]-buds4 ,n[ x becomes a nice matt] to pres]ve ! prop] balance betwe5 ^! two sy/ems ( gr[?1 ! wood produc+ & ! fruit =m+4 ,two opposite sy/ems ( production h become e/abli%$ 9 ! tree1 ! "o inf]tile1 ! o!r produc+ ! desir$ fruits2 ! "o pres]v+ ! heal? & vigor ( ! tree1 ! o!r t5d+ to pres]ve ! species at ! same "t t x satisfies our dem&s = fruit1 b also mean:ile t5d+ to ! de/ruction ( ! tree1 = all old trees are apt to ov]be>4 ,"y trees1 on ! contr>y1 9 :i* ! vigor ( wood-gr[? rema9s 9 full activity1 v (t5 produce fruit-buds & blossoms1 b d n p]fect _! fruit1 :i* ei!r fails to set1 f "s imp]fection ( ! organs ( reproduction1 or falls prematurely1 9 consequ5ce ( ! wood sy/em absorb+ ! nutrim5t1 or fail+ to prep>e ! prop] juices = _! support4 ,trees1 9 ^! diff]5t conditions1 require an entirely opposite treatm5t4 ,! y\ng] ne$ summ] prun+ & p9*+1 to *eck _! too great vigor1 & to develop ! lat]als or spurs ) _! blossom buds2 ! old] ne$ w9t] prun+1 = ! d\ble purpose ( r$uc+ ! am\nt ( fruit1 & also to excite r5ew$ vigor 9 ! production ( wood gr[? t %all take ! place ( t :i* has be5 remov$4 ,?is subject w be m appropriately discuss$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$2 :ile we proce$ to ! legitimate topic ( ?9n+ fruit4 ,?9n+ fruit is n practic$ z x %\ld be1 p>ticul>ly on ! apple2 old trees are (t5 too fruitful1 s mu* s z n only to det]iorate ! fruit1 b to injure ! tree itself4 ,?is is s mu* ! case ) c]ta9 v>ieties1 z to con/itute a s]i\s objection to plant+ !m2 o!r sorts s exhau/ !mselves by ov]-production 9 "o season1 z to be b>r51 or ne>ly s1 ! next ye>1 dur+ :i* p]iod ( re/ !y are able to recup]ate _! en]gies & to provide a new set ( fl[]-buds4 ,^! are call$ bi5nial be>]s1 & su* are q num]\s 9 our or*>ds4 ,^? k9ds t are prone to ov]be> e ye>1 are (t5 objectionable on acc\nt ( ! dim9i%$ size & inf]ior "* ( _! fruits1 :i* result f ?is cause1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! trees h become old4 ,! great desid]atum1 especially ) ^? :o object to ! tr\ble ( ?9n+ ! fruit1 is to f9d a v>iety t w produce an ev5 or well di/ribut$1 cont9u\s1 & mod]ate yield--an annual be>]1 t does n exhau/ itself by ! production ( "o enorm\s crop s z to require x to re/ & recup]ate4 ,su* v>ieties are to be f\nd 9 our collections1 & %\ld be highly priz$4 ,b to return to our topic1 ! bold me?od ( r$uc+ ! crop by w9t] prun+1 has already be5 allud$ to1 & is highly recomm5d$ = su* old trees z h ceas$ produc+ ?rifty %oots ( wood-gr[? at _! tips1 & h tak5 on an excessive t5d5cy to fruitage4 ,!re are o!r me?ods ( produc+ ?is desir$ effect1 dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( fruit :5 excessive1 & !reby greatly enl>g+ ! size1 & improv+ ! flavor ( t :i* is left beh9d3 "s ( ^! w n[ be m5tion$4 ,,disbudd+4--,"o ( ^! consi/s 9 ! removal ( alt]nate buds1 or ev5 a great] proportion ?an "o half2 ?is may be p]=m$ ei!r 9 ! end ( w9t] or 9 e>ly spr+1 or ev5 aft] ! buds h pu%$1 /ill lat] 9 ! season4 ,?is "w may be done ) ! f+]s1 a knife1 or by us+ ! %e>s1 :5 ! buds are t]m9al1 z 9 old be>+ apples & pe>s1 or on "s *]ries4 ,?is plan has be5 practic$ ) v good success ^u ! ,du*esse pe>1 by ,t4,w4 ,field1 :o accid5tally _h 8 att5tion direct$ to ! feasibility ( mak+ ?is v>iety v productive4 ,he _h obs]v$ t c]ta9 trees1 :i* 7 rubb$ s by ! c>t-:eels z to be /ripp$ ( a portion ( _! buds 9 ! w9t] season1 in/ead ( be+ injur$ !reby1 7 m productive ?an ^? :i* reta9$ all ( _! abundant spurs & blossoms1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 (t5 bore sp>sely4 ,improv+ ^u ?is h9t1 he has s9ce plant$ "s su* v>ieties 9 close r[s or h$ges1 :i* he trims annually ) ! %e>s to keep !m )9 b\nds1 & at ! same "t to dim9i% ! am\nt ( blossoms4 ,disbudd+ is sy/ematically pursu$ 9 ! ,european fruit-g>d5s1 & we h elaborate directions = ! season & mode ( p]=m+ ! op]ation1 :i* is ext5sively practic$1 p>ticul>ly on ! trees t are gr[n z espali]s1 & ^? kept 9 or*>d h\ses4 ,if neglect$1 ! trees become exhau/$ by ov]-production2 & ! failure ( production by ! fruit-spurs :i* results1 causes vacant spaces ^u ! tree1 :i* are aft]w>d1 ) difficulty1 re/or$ to a pr(itable condition4 ,ano!r me?od1 & ! "o usually pursu$ by ^? :o practice ?9n+1 is1 to g ov] _! trees aft] blossom+1 :ile ! fruit is /ill small1 & sy/ematically remove su* a proportion z !y may deem suffici5t to relieve !m ( ! surplus2 & :ile s do+1 !y select = removal all ! inf]ior specim5s4 ,?is is f\nd to pay v well 9 ! increas$ size1 appe>ance1 & flavor ( ^? t rema91 & is practic$ by all good horticulturi/s4 ,x is f\nd 9 "s v>ieties t ! ?9n+ may be done :5 ! fruit has atta9$ to "o-half its usual size1 s t x may be m>ket$1 & yet ^? :i* are left1 w swell out to _! full proportions aft] ?is removal1 & w realize1 :5 h>ve/$1 m money1 & w ev5 be ( great] weight ?an if ! :ole crop _h be5 left ^u ! tree until its natural p]iod ( maturity4 ,! reason is obvi\s1 & dep5ds ^u ! great] size & full] developm5t ( ! fruit1 :i* rema9s aft] ?9n+4 ,,summ] ,,prun+ has already be5 allud$ to z "o ( ! me?ods ( produc+ fruitfulness4 ,:5 x is "h introduc$ z a means ( ?9n+ ! fruit1 ! recomm5dation may appe> some:at p>adoxical--yet x is n s4 ,nei!r is ?is cutt+ a p>allel op]ation to t 9 :i* we seek to *eck ! excessive vigor ( "y %oots by p9*+ & head+-91 ) a view to direct+ ! sap to ! lat]al buds s z to cause _! developm5t = ! =mation ( fruit-spurs1 :i* w insure a great] production ( fruit3 :]eas ?is summ] prun+ removes a portion ( ! crop to be support$ by ! tree4 ,?is plan is mo/ successfully practic$ by judici\s or*>di/s1 among :om may be nam$ ,dr4 ,hull1 ( ,alton1 ,ill41 :o has ?us treat$ 8 pea*es1 nect>9es1 & plums4 ,?is process consi/s 9 cutt+ (f ! ends ( ! %oots t are lad5 ) fruit1 :ile ^! are yet q small2 ! sup]abundance is ?us remov$ 9 a great degree by ! knife1 & ! excess ( foliage is also dim9i%$ s z to expose ! fruit freely to ! sun & air1 :i* insures an increas$ size & height5$ color1 p>ticul>ly to ! pea*es & nect>9es4 ,! rema9+ fruit is also suitably ?9n$ s t no specim5s %all cr[d "o ano!r4 ,! exact di/ances betwe5 !m mu/ be det]m9$ by ! judgm5t ( ! op]ator2 "s h decid$ t pea*es %\ld n be ne>] ?an n9e in*es2 plums & nect>9es may be sep>at$ by a small] di/ance2 b x is n easy to lay d[n a precise rule4 ,?9n+ is n (t5 practic$ ^u ! /rawb]ry crop1 :i* appe>s able ^u suitable soils to produce a great abundance ( f9e fruit1 b x may be done by ! curi\s1 & enorm\s %[ specim5s1 su* z are (t5 exhibit$ at fairs1 are produc$ by special c>e & high manur+1 aid$ greatly by judici\s ?9n+2 n only by cutt+ back a portion ( ! cr[ns1 s z to ?r[ ! :ole =ce ( ! plant into "o or two trusses1 b /ill fur!r1 by remov+ ) ! scissors a portion ( ! blossoms or fruit1 s t ! few :i* are left may become enorm\sly di/5d$ ) ! nutrim5t t _h be5 /or$ up 9 ! plant = a mu* great] numb]4 ,"s may consid] ?is "o ( ! tricks ( ! trade1 & s x is :5 m]ely done = ! sake ( deceiv+ ! public1 :o are ask$ to pur*ase ! v>iety by ! sample ( fruit1 )\t detail+ ! arts by :i* ! results 7 accompli%$3 b !re c be no objection rais$ aga9/ su* practices :5 pursu$ by ! amateur = ! sake ( produc+ unusually l>ge fruits ( any v>iety4 ,! ,engli% pursue a simil> me?od ) _! %[ gooseb]ries2 by means ( ?9n+ & high fe$+1 ) great att5tion to wat]+1 ^! fruits are made to assume gigantic proportions t are little dream$ ( by cultivators ( ! small] v>ieties1 :i* are *iefly gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! grape is v prone to ov]-production1 & ! crop1 z well z ! v9e itself1 is (t5 mu* injur$ by a want ( att5tion to ?is p>ticul>4 ,s av>ici\s is man1 t few p]sons w ex]t ! ne$$ firmness & p]sev]ance to remove ! excess :i* ! beautiful v9e annually af=ds4 ,! result ( ?is neglect is app>5t at ! v9tage1 especially :5 f any fault ( ! season1 or f ! invasion ( insects or ( mildew1 ! foliage may h be5 damag$1 z x frequ5tly is1 to a consid]able ext5t4 ,!n we f9d l>ge quantities ( ! grapes s defici5t 9 color & flavor z to be wor?less2 9 "s v>ieties :ole bun*es w hang flaccid1 )]$1 & insipid--:ile p]haps a few1 m favorably situat$1 w h _! prop] flavor4 ,! grape v9e is well call$ beautiful1 & x is capable ( su/a9+ mo/ wond]ful am\nts ( fruit2 b on "y v9es1 especially1 x is v bad policy to all[ ( ?is ov]-production4 ,! t5d5cy to fruitage may be met 9 diff]5t ways1 a few ( :i* w n[ be po9t$ out1 & all plant]s are urg$ to obs]ve & to practice "s ( ^! plans = r$uc+ ! exub]ance ( ?is k9d ( fruit4 ,9 ! fir/ place we practice w9t] prun+1 reg>dless ( its e/abli%$ & well-kn[n effect ( produc+ an increase ( wood-gr[?1 = ?is is :at we desire to obta9 9 ! v9e1 on acc\nt ( its habit ( yield+ its fruit on wood ( ! previ\s ye>'s gr[?2 by ?is means we are able to pursue ! r5ewal sy/em1 :i* is s g5]ally pref]r$1 & ?us we may keep our v9es p]petually clo!d ) new wood1 or canes z !y are te*nically call$4 ,by ?is w9t] prun+ we c r$uce ! am\nt ( wood t is ( a be>+ "*1 to any po9t :i* may be deem$ desirable1 accord+ to ! /r5g? & age ( ! v9e1 & ?us ! crop is ?9n$ by a :olesale process ( lopp+ (f ! sup]abundance ( buds1 t w\ld h produc$ an excess ( fruit4 ,ano!r me?od ( ?9n+ is1 to rub out a portion ( ! %oots1 ?is may be e alt]nate bran* 9 close jo9t$ v>ieties ( ! v9e3 ?is is to be done soon aft] ! buds h bur/1 & :ile ! bran*es are yet q small1 s t ! vital =ces may be direct$ to ^? t rema94 ,:]ev] d\ble %oots appe>1 ! weak] %\ld always be remov$4 ,/ill ano!r me?od ( r$uc+ ! sup]abundance1 rema9s to be notic$2 ?is consi/s 9 ?9n+ ! grapes !mselves1 ! sep>ate b]ries1 :i*1 9 "s v>ieties1 are (t5 s cr[d$ ^u ! bun*1 z to prove a s]i\s injury to "o ano!r4 ,9 h>dy out-door culture ?is is seldom practic$1 be+ less necess>y ?an 9 ! l>ge v>ieties ( =eign grapes t are gr[n "u glass4 ,^! are sy/ematically ?9n$ ) ! scissors1 s t none %all cr[d toge!r2 & ?is process1 repeat$ f "t to "t1 is f\nd to produce mu* f9] & l>g] b]ries & heavi] bun*es ?an :5 all are left4 ,a v rude me?od has sometimes be5 pursu$ 9 ?9n+ ! sup]abundance ( fruit ^u apple trees4 ,x appe>s s v ,go?ic t its description may only excite a smile1 :5 x is /at$ t x consi/s 9 ?re%+ ! tree ) a long sl5d] pole1 by :i* a portion ( ! fruit is ca/ to ! gr\nd4 ,rude & primitive z ?is me?od may appe>1 x is surely bett] ?an no ?9n+ at all1 & is att5d$ ) ?is good result1 = :i* x des]ves "s comm5dation2 ! ?re%+ removes portions ( ! excessive twiggy spray t always ab\nds ^u su* trees z ^? "u consid]ation1 & ?us1 9 a degree1 x prev5ts ! recurr5ce ( s heavy a crop ! foll[+ ye>4 ,:5ev] an old or*>d has rea*$ ?is condition ( ov]-fruitfulness1 h[ev]1 ! be/ me?od ( ?9n+ is to give a sev]e w9t] prun+2 remov+ portions ( ! spray & enc\rag+ ! free gr[? ( "y wood 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! top1 to replace ! old] portions t 7 remov$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,rip5+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,fruits4 ,,*anges ,,dur+ ,,! ,,process ,,( ,,rip5+4 ,,annuals ,,rip5 ,,_! ,,fruit ,,& ,,die4 ,,p]5nials ,,h ,,an ,,accumulation ,,( ,,/r5g?4 ,,"y ,,plants ,,(t5 ,,fail ,,to ,,p]fect ,,_! ,,fruit4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,?9n+4 ,,alt]nate ,,crops ,,( ,,fruit ,,favor ,,! ,,accumulation4 ,,*anges ,,9 ,,condition ,,( ,,p]ic>p4 ,,gre5 ,,fruits ,,appropriate ,,c>bon4 ,,give ,,(f ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,z ,,!y ,,rip54 ,,composition ,,( ,,ripe ,,succul5t ,,fruits4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,sug>4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,light1 ,,( ,,excessive ,,moi/ure4 ,,te/s ,,( ,,rip5ess4 ,,*anges ,,aft] ,,sep>ation ,,dep5d ,,^u ,,oxidation4 ,,"t ,,requir$ ,,= ,,rip5+4 ,,f ,,blossom+ ,,blossoms ,,r5d]$ ,,abortive ,,by ,,too ,,high ,,temp]ature4 ,,trees ,,are ,,abortive ,,f ,,excessive ,,wood-,,gr[?4 ,,exp]i5ce ,,requir$ ,,to ,,judge ,,( ,,rip5ess4 ,,practical ,,te/4 ,,ga!r+4 ,,"s ,,mature ,,on ,,! ,,tree2 ,,o!rs1 ,,pluck$ ,,prematurely1 ,,w ,,rip54 ,,effects ,,on ,,keep+ ,,qualities4 ,,select ,,f9e ,,wea!r4 ,,h&l+4 ,,pack+4 ,,! ,,ga!r+ ,,bag4 ,,:y ,,r$ ,,apples ,,are ,,pref]r$4 ,,pres]vation4 ,,l[ ,,temp]ature ,,& ,,dryness1 ,,b ,,avoid+ ,,fro/ ,,& ,,desiccation4 ,,cov]+ ,,9 ,,piles4 ,,! ,,rail ,,p5 ,,) ,,/raw4 ,,! ,,cid] ,,h\se4 ,,! ,,cell>4 ,,pack+ ,,9 ,,b>rels4 ,,sweat+4 ,,waxy ,,coat+ ,,to ,,be ,,pres]v$4 ,,fruit-,,rooms4 ,,plans4 ,,nyce',s ,,pat5t4 ,,rip5+ ,,fruits4--,hav+ succe$$ 9 br++ our trees into a productive condition1 we n[ come to a p]iod ( _! hi/ory :i* is possess$ ( great int]e/ to ! or*>di/4 ,:ile he is contemplat+ ! ri* returns = 8 capital & labor exp5d$ ^u ! or*>d1 h[ev]1 he w f9d _m circum/ances 9 ! functions ( 8 plants t w amply repay him = _! c>eful /udy4 ,nor %\ld he consid] ^! only z matt]s ( philosophical int]e/1 = !y w (t5 lead him into c\rses ( treatm5t t w enable him to secure ri*] returns ?an he w\ld o!rwise atta94 ,a few ( ^! w be pres5t$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt]1 nor ne$ any apology be (f]$ = quot+ "o ( ! highe/ au?orities 9 ! language ^u ?is bran* ( botanical /udy4 ,balf\r gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! *anges :i* occur 9 ! vegetable economy dur+ ! =mation & rip5+ ( fruits1 "u :i* t]m he includes1 9 botanical language1 all se$s1 :e!r ! dry p]ic>ps1 or ! pulpy drupes1 & o!r app5dages1 :i* are recogniz$ z fruits prop] 9 pomological language4 ,:ile ! fruit enl>ges1 ! sap is drawn t[>ds x1 & a great exhau/ion ( ! juices ( ! plant takes place4 ,9 annuals1 ?is exhau/ion is su* z to de/roy ! plants2 b if !y are prev5t$ f be>+ fruit1 !y may be made to live = two or m ye>s4 ,p]5nials1 by acquir+ increas$ vigor1 are able bett] to be> ! dem& made ^u !m dur+ fruit+4 ,if l>ge & highly flavor$ fruit is desir$1 x is ( importance to all[ an accumulation ( sap to take place be=e ! plant fl[]s4 ,:5 a v "y plant is p]mitt$ to blossom1 x seldom br+s fruit to p]fection4 ,:5 a plant produces fruit 9 v l>ge quantities1 g>d5]s are 9 ! habit ( ?9n+ x e>ly1 9 ord] t !re may be an increas$ supply ( sap = t :i* rema9s4 ,9 ?is way1 pea*es1 nect>9es1 apricots1 etc41 are r5d]$ l>g] & bett] flavor$4 ,:5 ! fruit+ is *eck$ = "o season1 !re is an accumulation ( nutritive matt] :i* has a b5eficial effect ^u ! subsequ5t crop4 ,! p]ic>p is at fir/ ( a gre5 color1 & p]=ms ! same functions z ! o!r gre5 p>ts ( plants1 decompos+ c>bonic acid "u ! ag5cy ( light & lib]at+ oxyg54 ,saussure ass]ts t all fruits1 9 a gre5 /ate1 are adequate to p]=m ?is process ( deoxidation4 ,z ! p]ic>p advances to maturity1 x ei!r becomes dry or succul5t4 ,9 ! =m] case x *anges into a br[n or :ite color1 & has a quantity ( ligne\s matt] deposit$ 9 its sub/ance1 s z to acquire great h>dness1 :]e x is incapable ( p]=m+ any process ( vegetable life2 9 ! latt] x becomes fle%y 9 its texture1 & assumes v>i\s bright t9ts4 ,9 fle%y fruits1 h[ev]1 !re is frequ5tly a deposition ( ligne\s cells 9 ! endoc>p1 =m+ ! /one ( ! fruit2 & ev5 9 ! pulpy matt] ( ! s>coc>p1 !re are f\nd isolat$ cells ( a simil> nature1 z 9 "s v>ieties ( pe>1 :]e !y cause a peculi> gritt9ess4 ,! cont5ts ( ! cells ne> ! outside ( succul5t fruits are ?ick5$ by exhalation1 & a process ( endosmose goes on1 by :i* ! ?9n] cont5ts ( ! inn] cells pass outw>d1 & ?us cause swell+ ( ! fruit4 ,z ! fruit advances to maturity1 h[ev]1 ?is exhalation dim9i%es1 ! wat] becom+ free & ent]+ into new comb9ations4 ,9 all pulpy fruits1 :i* are n gre51 !re are *anges go+ on by :i* c>bon is sep>at$ 9 comb9ation ) oxyg54 99 99 99 ,succul5t fruits conta9 a l>ge quantity ( wat] along ) cellulose or lign9e1 sug>1 gummy matt] or dextr9e1 album51 color+ matt]1 v>i\s organic acids1 z citric1 malic & t>t>ic1 comb9$ ) lime & alkal9e sub/ances1 beside a pulpy gelat9\s matt]1 :i* is conv]t$ by acids into pect9e1 :5ce pectic acid is =m$ by ! action ( album54 ,pect9e is soluble 9 wat]1 & exi/s 9 ! pulp ( fruits1 z apples1 gooseb]ries1 currants1 /rawb]ries1 etc4 ,pectic acid is said to consi/ ( ,c4#ad1 ,h4#c1 ,o4#ab ,h4,o4 ,x absorbs wat]1 & is *ang$ into a jelly-l matt]1 h5ce its use 9 mak+ pres]ves4 ,ea* k9d ( fruit is flavor$ ) a peculi> aromatic sub/ance4 ,/>* is r>ely pres5t 9 ! p]ic>p ( ! fruit1 al?\gh x occurs commonly 9 ! se$4 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! rip5+ mu* ( ! wat] disappe>s1 :ile ! cellulose or lign9e & ! dextr9e are conv]t$ into sug>4 ,b]>d is ( op9ion t ! *anges 9 fruits are caus$ by ! action ( ! oxyg5 ( ! air4 ,fr5ey f\nd t fruits1 cov]$ ) v>ni%1 did n rip54 ,z ! process ( rip5+ becomes p]fect$1 ! acids comb9e ) alkalies1 & ?us ! acidity ( ! fruit dim9i%es1 :ile its sweetness increases4 ,! =mation ( sug> is by "s attribut$ to ! action ( organic acids on ! vegetable con/itu5ts1 gum1 dextr9e1 & />*2 o!rs ?9k t ! cellulose & lign9e are simil>ly *ang$1 by ! action ( acids4 ,! =mation ( sug> is said to be prev5t$ by wat]+ ! tree ) alkal9e solutions4 99 99 99 ,9 seasons1 :5 !re is little sun1 b a great abundance ( moi/ure1 succul5t fruits become wat]y & lose _! flavor4 ,! same ?+ frequ5tly takes place 9 "y trees ) abundance ( sap1 & 9 cases :]e a l>ge supply ( wat] has be5 giv5 artificially4 ,travel]s1 :o h eat5 ! magnific5t specim5s ( fruits produc$ by irrigation1 9 ,cali=nia1 tell u t !y are defici5t 9 flavor1 & ! same ?+ is sometimes obs]v$ z a result ( an unusually wet season4 ,x is n easy 9 all cases to det]m9e ! exact "t :5 ! fruit is ripe4 ,9 dry fruits1 ! p]iod imm$iately be=e dehisc5ce1#ba is consid]$ z t ( maturation2 b 9 pulpy fruits1 !re is mu* unc]ta9ty4 ,x is usual to say t edible fruits are ripe :5 _! +r$i5ts are 9 su* a /ate ( comb9ation z to give ! mo/ agreeable flavor4 ,aft] su* are ripe1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 s z to be capable ( be+ us$ = food1 !y und]go fur!r *anges by ! oxidation ( _! tissues1 ev5 aft] be+ sep>at$ f ! plant4 ,9 "s cases ^! *anges improve ! quality ( ! fruit1 z 9 ! case ( ! m$l>1 ! au/]ity ( :i* is ?us /ill fur!r dim9i%$4 ,9 ! pe>1 ?is process r5d]s x s(t1 b /ill fit = food1 :ile 9 ! apple x causes a decay :i* acts injuri\sly on its qualities4 ,by ?is process ( oxidation1 ! :ole fruit is ultimately r$uc$ to a putresc5t mass1 :i* probably acts b5eficially 9 promot+ ! g]m9ation ( ! se$s :5 ! fruit drops on ! gr\nd4 ,! p]iods ( "t requir$ = rip5+ ! fruit1 v>ies 9 diff]5t plants4 ,mo/ fruits rip5 )9 a ye> f ! expansion ( ! fl[]1 "s come to maturity )9 a few days1 o!rs require mon?s4 ,c]ta9 plants1 z "s ,conif]1 require m ?an a ye>1 & 9 ! ,metrosid]os ! fruit rema9s atta*$ to ! bran* = sev]al ye>s4 ,! foll[+ is a g5]al /atem5t ( ! usual "t requir$ = ! maturation ( fruits3-- ,grasses & ,gra9s #ac to #ae days4 ,raspb]ry1 ,/rawb]ry1 ,*]ry #b mon?s4 ,bird-*]ry1 ,lime-tree #c mon?s4 ,roses1 ,:ite ,?orn1 ,horse*e/nut #d mon?s4 ,v9e1 ,pe>1 ,apple1 ,walnut1 ,bee*1 ,plum1 ,nut1 ,almond #e to #f mon?s4 ,olive1 ,sav9 #g mon?s4 ,col*icum1 ,mi/letoe #h to #i mon?s4 ,conif] #aj to #ab mon?s4 ,"s ,conif]1 c]ta9 ,oaks1 & ,metrosid]os above #ab mon?s4 ,! rip5+ ( fruits may be accel]at$ by ! application ( heat1 ! plac+ ( d>k-color$ bricks bel[ x1 & by remov+ a r+ ( b>k1 s z to lead to an accumulation ( sap4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t plants1 subject$ to a high temp]ature1 n unfrequ5tly prove abortive2 ?is seems to result f ! ov] /imulation1 caus+ ! production ( uni-sexual fl[]s alone4 ,trees are sometimes made to produce fruit by *eck+ _! roots :5 too luxuriant1 & by prev5t+ ! excessive developm5t ( bran*es4#bb ,"h we h ! explanation ( ! processes ( root prun+ & ( summ] p9*+1 & %ort5+-91 :i* h be5 m ext5sively introduc$ ^u ano!r page2 z well z ! plan = induc+ fruitfulness 9 su* trees z are t>dy f excessive wood-gr[?1 by hack+ ! b>k to int]rupt ! fl[ ( sap f ! buds to ! roots2 by ?is1 "s ( ! =m] are *ang$ to fl[]-buds4 ,we may le>n to judge ( ! condition ( rip5ess ( our l>g] succul5t fruits1 su* z apples & pe>s1 by a little exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ready to be pick$1 !y w h atta9$ _! maximum size1 _! color w h *ang$ some:at f its gre5ness1 & !y w assume a sort ( transluc5cy t indicates ! approa* ( maturity2 b ! be/ practical te/ = ! fruit-ga!r]1 is ! ready sep>ation ( ! /em f its atta*m5t4 ,9 ^? fruits1 :i* are susp5d$ by a /em ( consid]able l5g?1 & 9 :i* ?is organ belongs to ! fruit itself1 & is intimately connect$ ) its tissues1 we %all f9d t x w "p easily f ! bran* at t p]iod ( rip5ess :5 x is be/ to sep>ate x4 ,su* fruits are (t5 mu* improv$ by a cont9uation ( ! process ( rip5+ aft] !y are ga!r$1 b ?is m prop]ly belongs to ano!r division ( ! subject4 ,!re is ano!r class ( fruits :i* are f\nd to atta9 _! greate/ excell5ce & mo/ p]fect rip5+ ^u ! tree itself1 & ^! c nev] be enjoy$ else:]e 9 s great p]fection z 9 close proximity to ! place ( _! production2 because1 s soon z !y are sep>at$ f _! connection ) ! plant1 a process ( decomposition comm5ces1 !y beg9 to decay1 & _m ( !m soon become really un:olesome4 ,mo/ ( ^? t are call$ /one-fruits are ( ?is "*1 su* z pea*es1 nect>9es1 apricots1 plums1 & *]ries--all ( :i* h a v transitory p]iod ( excell5ce4 ,! same is /ill m rem>kably ! case ) mo/ ( ! b]ries1 h5ce all ( ^! classes ( fruits are bett] adapt$ to a ne> ?an to a di/ant m>ket4 ,) apples & pe>s1 h[ev]1 ! case is q diff]5t4 ,"s ( ^!1 x is true1 especially "s ( ! summ] v>ieties1 w atta9 a p]fect /ate ( rip5ess :ile yet atta*$ to ! tree1 & "s ( !m w ev5 rema9 hang+ to ! twig1 until !y rea* t condition ( ov]-rip5ess 9 :i* !y lose a portion ( _! f9e juices & become mealy1 or incipi5t decay may set 91 s z to make !m rott5 at ! core4 ,h5ce1 9 ne>ly all v>ieties1 x is f\nd be/ to pluck ! fruit a little prematurely1 & we are guid$ by ! natural indication ( ! fall+ ( a portion ( ! crop4 ,by ?is means we c1 9 a degree1 control ! f9al rip5+ ( our fruits2 & we h ! great advantage ( be+ able to %ip !m 9 a firm condition to di/ant m>kets1 s z to arrive at ! end ( a long j\rney 9 prime ord]2 :]eas1 if ?or\ghly ripe1 !y c\ld only be transport$ a few miles1 & !n ne$+ ! greate/ c>e 9 _! h&l+4 ,our summ] v>ieties always require to be ne> _! ultimate rip5ess :5 ga!r$2 =1 if pluck$ too soon1 !y w )]1 & be wor?less4 ,among ^!1 !re are "s v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly ( ! apple1 :i* cont9ue rip5+ = a long p]iod4 ,9 ! limit$ family or*>d ?is quality is a great desid]atum 9 ! summ] fruits1 b x is q o!rwise 9 ! or*>ds1 :i* are plant$ = pr(it 9 ! m>ket1 because ( ! increas$ exp5se ( ga!r+ only a few at a "t repeat$ly1 in/ead ( cle>+ ! tree at once4 ,x is also f\nd to be an advantage 9 %ipp+1 to h a consid]able quantity ( a k9d to s5d (f at "o "t4 ,,ga!r+4--,we n[ come to ! important matt] ( h>ve/+ our crops ( fruits t h be5 ! cause ( s mu* c>e & anxiety1 z well z ( pleasure4 ,?is w require new consid]ations z to its disposition & pres]vation to ! be/ advantage1 & w call = a discussion ( ! be/ modes ( pack+1 /or+1 rip5+1 & transportation to m>ket4 ,f :at has already be5 said ) reg>d to ! process ( rip5+ ( fruits 9 ! natural way ^u ! tree1 x w be und]/ood t we mu/ ga!r "s k9ds be=e !y h rea*$ _! p]fect condition ( maturity4 ,!re is a po9t at :i* !y h obta9$1 f _! connection ) ! p>5t tree1 all ! elem5ts t are necess>y to ! developm5t ( _! highe/ qualities4 ,!y may n[ be sep>at$1 n only ) safety1 b ) decid$ advantage 9 _m in/ances1 z !y are improv$ by ! fur!r process ( maturation "u diff]5t circum/ances f ^? suppli$ by nature1 & :5 prop]ly treat$1 !y w acquire a mu* f9] condition z to delicacy & flavor ?an is ev] rea*$ by rip5+ ^u ! tree expos$ to ! light & air4 ,?is1 x w be rememb]$1 is n ! case ) all fruits2 =1 z has already be5 /at$1 !re are ^? :i* mu/ rema9 ^u ! tree until !y acquire _! mo/ p]fect rip5ess1 & :i* beg9 to depreciate 9 quality s soon z !y are sep>at$ f _! connection ) ! fruit-be>+ twig4 ,^! ne$ to be at once dispos$ (1 & ! consid]ation ( ! be/ means ( transportation1 is a "q ( m importance ?an any plans = _! tempor>y pres]vation4 ,!y mu/ be sold or us$ at once1 & %\ld be h&l$ ) ! greate/ c>e1 pack$ 9 suitable boxes or baskets 9 ! mo/ judici\s mann] = a good display ( _! beauties1 = _! pres]vation f bruis+ & decay1 & = s5d+ !m =w>d to _! de/9ation ) ! lea/ possible delay3 ! details ( ^! sev]al p>ts ( ! bus9ess w be left = ! ex]cise ( ! +5uity ( ! p>ties mo/ deeply int]e/$4 ,9 ! class ( fruits :i* are s con/itut$ z to be> & inde$ to require pick+1 be=e !y h rea*$ ! p]iod ( p]fect rip5ess we %all f9d sev]al p>ticul>s t ne$ consid]ation4 ,fir/1 x w be f\nd t ! prop] "t = ga!r+ !m v>ies consid]ably4 ,?us1 ) e>ly apples & pe>s1 a few days only embrace ! be/ p]iod1 dur+ :i* !y may be ga!r$ )\t becom+ wilt$ if pluck$ too soon1 or decay+ if left too late4 ,ev5 ) w9t] fruits1 we f9d t1 to h !m 9 p]fection1 "s v>ieties require to be ga!r$ mu* e>li] ?an ! "t usually assign$ = h>ve/+ ! g5]al crop4 ,x is some:at s+ul> also1 t ?is c\rse v consid]ably ext5ds _! "t ( keep+1 & t "s ( ^? v>ieties :i* w\ld become dry1 mealy1 & insipid1 e>ly 9 ! w9t]1 if ga!r$ too late1 w rema9 s\nd1 firm1 plump1 & juicy1 & reta9 all _! f9e flavor ?r\gh ! w9t]1 if !y h be5 tak5 f ! tree at an e>li] p]iod ( ! season4 ,!y mu/ be left ^u ! tree until prop]ly develop$1 h[ev]1 & !n be c>efully kept 9 a cool ap>tm5t4 ,! usual season = ga!r+ w9t] fruits is ,octob]1 be=e ! access ( sev]e fro/s1 & at a "t :5 ! wood-gr[? = ! season has be5 complet$1 & ! foliage is ne>ly ready to sep>ate f its atta*m5t to ! tree4 ,! fruits w !n g5]ally "p readily f ! twigs1 )\t ei!r break+ !m or ruptur+ ! fruit-/em1 :i* %\ld always be pres]v$1 & f ! apple especially1 x %\ld nev] be pull$ out1 z is apt to happ5 9 c]ta9 v>ieties1 :5 prop] c>e is n ex]cis$ 9 pick+ !m4 ,"s ( ! apples t require to be ga!r$ e>ly1 are1 ! ,rambo1 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,we/field1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 sev]al ,russets1 & all ^? :i* ev9ce a t5d5cy to fall prematurely4 ,!re are o!rs :i* may be left to a lat] p]iod ) impunity1 "s ( ^! w ev5 be> a little freez+ )\t s]i\s damage1 b we %\ld always endeavor to anticipate ! exposure ( our fruits to any great depression ( temp]ature :ile !y rema9 atta*$ to ! trees4 ,an e>ly & sev]e fro/ has (t5 prov$ disa/r\s to a f9e crop ( apples1 ?us left too long ^u ! trees4 ,= all fruits x is ess5tial t ! wea!r %\ld be f9e at ! "t !y are ga!r$4 ,!y %\ld be p]fectly dry :5 pluck$1 & !y mu/ be h&l$ ) ! greate/ c>e to avoid bruis+ 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,ea* specim5 mu/ be tak5 sep>ately 9 ! h& & turn$ to "o side1 :51 if x d n "p readily f ! twig1 ! ?umb & f+] mu/ be appli$ to ! /em1 to aid ! sep>ation at ! prop] po9t2 ea* is !n to be plac$ 9 a ga!r+ basket1 :i* %\ld be %all[1 & = delicate sorts %\ld be l9$ loosely ) fre% leaves or ) s(t moss1 or a little wilt$ grass4 ,f ! baskets1 ! fruit %\ld be transf]r$ to its p]man5t w9t] qu>t]s1 by a c>eful & judici\s h&1 :o %\ld select !m & reject all t are bruis$1 speck$1 or o!rwise defective1 & place !m on ! %elves1 or pack !m 9 ! boxes or b>rels into :i* !y are plac$ = pres]vation1 or transportation to m>ket4 ,9 pack+1 x is be/ to use no mat]ial b ! fruit itself1 :i* %\ld be s closely plac$ t !y %all n jo/le & bruise "o ano!r :5 mov$4 ,"s p]sons use a bag1 slung ar\nd ! neck1 :5 ga!r+ ! fruits f ! tree2 into ?is !y are plac$ z fa/ z !y are pluck$1 & successively transf]r$ to ! b>rels1 or p\r$ 9 piles ^u ! gr\nd4 ,) v firm v>ieties1 ?is may be done )\t s]i\s damage1 b ! bruis+ t necess>ily ensues w be v prejudicial to all ! m delicate fruits1 & w mat]ially depreciate ! value ( su* z are also ( a pale color4 ,a want ( c>e 9 ?is matt] ( h&l+ fruit is1 no d\bt1 ! *ief reason = ! popul> pref]5ce ( r$ apples 9 our m>kets1 s9ce ^?1 t are well cov]$ ) a deep color1 d n %[ ! bruises t are s unseemly ^u ! fair *eek ( ! light] color$ v>ieties4 ,! modes ( keep+ w9t] fruits are exce$+ly v>i\s1 & "s ( !m are q primitive4 ,! desid]ata are coolness & dryness1 :i* %\ld n be c>ri$ to ! ext5t ( freez+1 nor ( desiccation4 ,! simple/ me?od is to place ! fruit 9 a pile ^u a dry piece ( gr\nd1 to cov] x ?ickly ) clean dry /raw1 &1 z ! w9t] approa*es1 to apply a heavy lay] ( e>?1 suffici5t to keep out ! fro/4 ,sometimes ?is is kept f ! /raw by a simple ro( ( bo>ds1 :i* support ! e>? f press+ ^u ! fruit1 & leave x 9 a sort ( cave1 :i* c be ent]$ occasionally dur+ ! w9t]4 ,?is plan is only recomm5d$ = ^? :o h no cell>s or o!r suitable ap>tm5ts1 = _m fruits acquire an e>?y flavor f ?is ne> contact ) ! soil4 ,ano!r primitive plan1 & "o :i* is well adapt$ to ! pres]vation ( cid] apples1 & might be us$ = ! keep+ ( ^? ne$$ = /ock fe$+1 is to build a rail-p51 f\r squ>e1 l a field corn-crib1 into :i* ! fruit is put ^u /raw1 & a l9+ ( ! same mat]ial is plac$ at ! sides & ^u ! top1 :i* may also be %elt]$ ) bo>ds to %$ (f ! ra94 ,9 our mild w9t]s1 _m v>ieties ( fruits c be suffici5tly well pres]v$ 9 ?is mann] = ! purposes m5tion$4 ,9 a prop] e/abli%m5t = cid]-mak+1 l>ge b9s & rooms are provid$ )9 ! build+1 :i* af=d suffici5t protection f ! fro/1 s t cid]-mak+ may be c>ri$ on dur+ ! w9t]2 & 9 well arrang$ f>m-/eads1 ! fe$+ b>ns %\ld be provid$ ) suitable comp>tm5ts = ! safe /orage ( fruits or roots1 t are to be f$ to ! /ock dur+ ! inclem5t season1 :5 !y are s mu* ne$$4 ,all f>m-h\ses %\ld be provid$ ) good deep & dry cell>s1 :i* w prove ! be/ place = ! /orage ( fruits4 ,^! may be plac$ 9 b9s1 or1 /ill bett]1 ^u %elves1 z x is n desirable to h too great a bulk toge!r4 ,:5 b "o1 or at mo/1 b two lay]s ( fruit are deposit$ ^u ea* %elf1 & :5 ea* ( ^! is plac$ at a suffici5t di/ance f ^? above or bel[ x1 ! :ole may be easily inspect$ f "t to "t1 & defective specim5s c be remov$ )\t di/urb+ ! re/4 ,^! %elves %\ld be made ( n>r[ /rips1 sep>at$ f "o ano!r by a space t w admit ( ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,! :ole ap>tm5t devot$ to fruit1 %\ld be kept cool & d>k1 & free f moi/ure or dampness4 ,_m l>ge or*>di/s pref] to select _! fruit f ! pick+ baskets1 & pack at once 9 new b>rels1 :i* are made = ?is special purpose1 & are n s tight z ^? us$ = fl\r4 ,9 pack+ ^!1 x is desirable to place ! fruit c>efully 9 lay]s1 fill+ ! space completely z ! "w proce$s1 putt+ ea* specim5 d[n by h&1 & :5 ! vessel is fill$ to ab\t an in* above ! *9e1 ! heads are put on1 a foll[] plac$ ^u !m1 & ! :ole br\ght "u ! pressure ( a lev]1 :i* =ces ! mass toge!r s t !re %all be no possibility ( motion among ! fruit4 ,x is bett] t ! out] lay]s %\ld be some:at ind5t$ by ! b>rel heads1 ?an t ! :ole %\ld be spoil$ by ! bruis+ t w\ld foll[ f loose pack+4 ,^! b>rels are (t5 left "u ! trees = "s "t1 or !y may be plac$ "u an op5 %$ = protection1 prior to transportation4 ,x is a common practice1 be=e b>rel+1 to deposit ! fruit 9 piles z x is ga!r$1 giv+ x only a cov]+ ( /raw to all[ x to ?r[ (f a "p ( its moi/ure1 a process g5]ally t]m$ sweat+4 ,n[ x _c be ga9said t !re may be an escape ( ! fluids by transpiration ?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk91 & we "k t !re is a loss ( weight & ev5 ( plumpness1 9 _m v>ieties1 by exposure 9 a dry atmosph]e2 b ! excessive moi/ure obs]v$ ^u ! surface ( fruits t h be5 expos$ to a l[ temp]ature1 :5 !y are br\ght into a w>m] ap>tm5t1 is unque/ionably ! simple precipitation ( atmosph]ic moi/ure1 & entirely indep5d5t ( ! juices ( ! fruit itself4 ,! advantages ( ?is me?od ( treatm5t are1 t m "t is giv5 = ! c>eful selection ( ! fruits be=e plac+ !m 9 ! b>rels1 & a bett] opportunity = selection1 & ! rejection f ! packages ( all ^? :i* are 9 any way defective4 ,! disadvantages are ! increas$ labor & ! great] am\nt ( h&l+ to :i* ! fruits are subject$4 ,! surface ( our se$-fruits1 7pep9s71 is endu$ ) a peculi> coat+ ( a waxy nature1 :i* is ( great value = _! pres]vation1 & %\ld n be remov$1 h5ce ! less fruit is h&l$1 ! bett] x w keep1 & x %\ld nev] be rubb$ nor wip$2 if too wet1 or sweat+1 x %\ld be expos$ to a dry atmosph]e1 until ! surplus moi/ure %all h quietly evaporat$ be=e x is transf]r$ or h&l$4 ,x is (t5 obs]v$ ( p>ticul> v>ieties t !y are m prone to wilt ?an o!r k9ds3 ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ,russet apples1 & is believ$ to result f a defici5cy ( ?is protect+ out] cov]+ or waxy exudation1 :i* appe>s mo/ pl5tiful 9 ^? t reta9 _! plumpness4 ,9 pack+ = m>ket1 besides ! directions already giv5 z to prev5t motion1 x is v desirable to h ! packages1 ( :atev] =m1 :e!r boxes or b>rels1 ( a neat appe>ance & uni=m full size4 ,! fruits %\ld be well select$1 & ( a l av]age quality ?r\gh\t1 & n fix$ up = m>ket ) ! be/ only at ! ends or sides t are to be fir/ op5$1 :ile ! inf]ior fruit is conceal$ )94 ,hone/y is ! be/ policy ev]y:]e1 & deal]s soon le>n to discrim9ate 9 favor ( ! br&s ( hone/ pack]s4 ,x is believ$ t any or*>di/s1 :o w take pa9s 9 ! selection ( _! fruits1 & 9 ! excell5ce & hone/ measure ( _! packages1 w soon e/abli% a reputation t w be ( great value to !m 9 _! future (f]+s4 ,,fruit-,,rooms4--,= ^? :o wi% to reap ! highe/ rew>ds & ! greate/ pr(its f a ne> & conv5i5t m>ket1 z well z ^? :o desire to pres]ve _! fruits1 prolong _! enjoym5t ( !m1 & to br+ !m to ! highe/ p]fection1 ! fruit-room or fruit-h\se becomes indisp5sable4 ,^! %\ld be s con/ruct$ z to meet ! requir$ conditions ( an equable & cool temp]ature1 ) d>kness1 & a suffici5t am\nt ( dryness to insure fre$om f mold & damp4 ,to avoid ! precipitation ( atmosph]ic moi/ure1 ! ap>tm5t %\ld be tight1 & seldom op5$1 p>ticul>ly 9 damp wea!r4 ,to absorb ! exhalations f ! fruit itself1 & t emitt$ f ! burn+ c&le or ! brea?+ ( ! visitor1 ! introduction ( c]ta9 *emical absorb5ts has be5 sugge/$2 among ^!1 fre%ly burn$ lime has be5 recomm5d$ & us$1 b ,mr4 ,du ,breuil advises ! introduction ( dry *loride ( calcium1 :i* has s great an aff9ity = moi/ure z to absorb x completely f ! atmosph]e4 ,?is is ! mat]ial us$ by ,b4,m4 ,nyce1 ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 8 pat5t fruit pres]v+ e/abli%m5ts2 & ?is mode ( pres]v+ a dry atmosph]e is a lead+1 & inde$1 ! *ief feature & elem5t ( 8 success4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( fruit-h\ses1 ! fluctuations ( ! out] atmosph]ic temp]ature mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ by mak+ d\ble walls1 & by fill+ ! spaces ) non-conduct+ mat]ials4 ,! floors & ! ceil+ %\ld be simil>ly arrang$--unless :]e ! cool+ is effect$ by a lay] ( ice above ! fruit-room1 :5 ! ceil+ %\ld be metallic1 s z to enable ! caloric to be rapidly ab/ract$ f ! space bel[4 ,! h\se1 pat5t$ by ,pr(4 ,nyce1 is ess5tially a l>ge refrig]ator1 ) ! ice at ! top1 & provid$ ) absorb5ts = remov+ f ! air ! moi/ure x has receiv$ f ! fruit4 ,its con/ruction w be und]/ood f ! accompany+ diagrams & description4 ,! lett]+ ( simil> p>ts is ! same 9 all ?ree diagrams2 ! description is t ( ! inv5tor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--,,nyce',s ,,fruit ,,pres]v+ ,,h\se4 7,,cross ,,section47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,,nyce',s ,,fruit ,,pres]v+ ,,h\se4 7,,longitud9al ,,section47 7,a7 ,f\ndation walls4 ,! gr\nd floor is level$ (f1 & made solid1 & ev5 ) ! f\ndation walls4 7,b7 ,a cov]+ ( t> & pit*1 "o-half in* ?ick1 put ov] ! gr\nd & f\ndation walls1 to prev5t ! entrance ( moi/ure4 ,! t> & pit* %\ld be mix$ s z to be only mod]ately h>d5$ by ! temp]ature ( ! gr\nd4 7,d7 ,! fill+ betwe5 ! walls is compos$ ( %ort dry %av+s1 *aff1 or o!r poor conductors1 #c- feet ?ick1 on ! bottom & sides4 7,c7 ,joi/ = plank floor1 #c- feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! floor is made level ?r\gh\t4 7,f7 ,*loride ( calcium1 or dri$ wa/e-bitt]n1 f salt works1 spread on e "p ( ! floor ( ! pres]v+ room1 to absorb moi/ure4 7,i ,i7 ,air-tight cas+s1 made ( common %eet-iron1 ,no4 #bf2 ! edges ?ickly pa9t$1 & nail$ to upright /udd+4 ,! out] cas+ 9 "s h\ses is made ( brick4 ,! inside ( ! brick wall is cov]$ ) ro(+ cem5t1 or pit*1 or "s o!r air-tight coat+4 7,k ,k7 doors #f or #h in*es ?ick1 fill$ ) *aff or %av+s1 & fitt$ tightly to ! door-frames1 by li/+ or clo? nail$ ov] ?9 lay]s ( cotton4 7,x7 ,! ice-*amb]4 7,l7 ,joi/s to support ! ice floor1 re/+ #b in*es on ! po/s at ,q4 7,n7 ,iron b>s1 #a- in*es wide1 & in* ?ick1 ga9$ in* into ! joi/s1 & plac$ crosswise to !m4 ,a b> mu/ always be put directly "u ! seams & rivets4 ,?ree b>s are en\gh to be "u a %eet #cj in*es wide4 7,m7 ,! galvaniz$-iron ice floor1 ,no4 #ah or #bj2 ! edges jo9$ ) rivets n m ?an #a in* ap>t1 & v c>efully sold]$4 ,! ice floor is put on ! edges ( ! iron b>s s z to expose e "p ( its surface1 on :i* ice directly re/s1 to ! air ( ! room bel[4 7,s7 ,sides ( ice room made ( upright planks4 ,bett] h x l9$ ) z9c or galvaniz$-iron1 inside ( ! plank4 ,scantl+1 #b by #f in*es1 are plac$ on ! ice1 #d feet ap>t1 made ev5 ) ! ice4 ,wide plank 7,p7 are plac$ loose across ! scant+1 ! edges z close z may be put toge!r1 to prev5t ! fill+ fall+ on ! ice4 ,saw-du/1 #f in*es ?ick1 is plac$ on ! plank 7,p74 ,%av+s are n compact en\gh on ! top to keep ! air f ! ice4 7,o7 ,a dis*>ge pipe to conduct ! wat] f ! ice4 7,w7 ,an ante-room ) an ice-wat] tr\gh1 7,y71 9 :i* cann$ fruit is kept1 9 l>ge /one crocks1 = retail+ by small measure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,,nyce',s ,,fruit ,,pres]v+ ,,h\se4 7,,gr\nd ,,plan47 ,! foll[+ e/imates are giv5 by ! inv5tor1 = a h\se1 ) room #ae ft4 squ>e1 #h ft4 high1 #bb ft4 squ>e on outside1 ) capacity = hold+ #ejj bu%els4 ,! co/ w\ld be ab\t z foll[s3 ,common iron1 at #g- cts4 p] lb41 co/ 9 ! h\se #baj #jj ,galvaniz$ iron1 ,no4 #bf1 at #bj cts4 p] lb4 #aje #jj ,galvaniz$ iron1 ,no4 #bj1 at #ah cts4 p] lb4 #hj #jj ,:ole co/1 probably #hjj #jj ,! frame & ro( be+ simple1 _! co/ ne$ n exce$ t ( simil> /ructures4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,bur/+ op5 ( ! pods1 or ( ! hulls ( nuts4 #bb ,balf\r's ,manual4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,insects4 ,:5 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w 0 und]tak51 ! au?or desir$ to make x z p]fect z possible 9 all its p>ts4 ,he v soon discov]$1 f 8 own obs]vations 9 ! or*>d1 t "o ( ! greate/ difficulties we all h to cont5d aga9/ 9 fruit-gr[+1 0 ! ravages committ$ ^u our fruits & fruit-trees by ho/s ( noxi\s insects4 ,"h !n 0 a new bran* ( inve/igation1 a new field ( /udy to be ent]$4 ,he 0 n an entomologi/1 nor c\ld he ga9 any assi/ance f 8 fri5ds :o 7 su*1 because1 ?\gh !y 7 sci5tific1 & able to assi/ him 9 names & descriptions ( ! insects pres5t$1 /ill !y 7 n practical entomologi/s2 _! k ( ^! creatures 0 purely sci5tific1 & :ile !y c\ld descant le>n$ly ^u ! sy/ems set up by ! great ma/]s ( ! sci5ce1 = ! mo/ p]fect classification ( insects1 !y c\ld r5d] u practical m5 b little aid 9 combatt+ our insect foes4 ,great assi/ance !y h r5d]$1 h[ev]1 9 provid+ names = all ^! wond]ful creatures1 9 describ+ _! habits & _! economy1 & 9 assign+ !m places 9 ! beautiful classification t has be5 provid$ = !m4 ,on turn+ f m5 to books1 b little m assi/ance or enc\ragem5t 0 met )2 ^! too w\ld only give ! names1 ! places1 & ! descriptions1 9 ! mo/ approv$ language ( ! sci5ce1 b !y are n attractive nor intelligible to ! unle>n$4 ,any p]son c soon acquire ! language ( ! sci5ce1 ) a little /udy1 b ^! sci5tific books d n give u directions h[ to rid ourselves ( ! pe/s4 ,among ! books t are accessible & t are adapt$ to ! g5]al read]1 & to ! /ud5t ( practical entomology1 two 7 f\nd ( em95t utility z f> z !y w5t4 ,^! are ! excell5t reports to ! ,massa*usetts & ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,societies1 by ,messrs4 ,h>ris & ,fit*1 :i* are clo!d 9 popul> language1 & :i* treat p>ticul>ly ( ! insects injuri\s to vegetation1 & !y put u 9 ! way ( combat+ our foes4 ,! =m]1 :i* has be5 repr9t$ & illu/rat$ 9 beautiful /yle1 is wor?y ( a place 9 e f>m]'s libr>y1 & w prove a valuable aid 9 ! /udy3 ! latt] is pr9t$ 9 connection ) ! ,society's reports4 ,to bo? ( ^!1 ! au?or ackn[l$ges 8 indebt$ness1 & f bo? has he drawn lib]ally4 ,o!r popul> treatises1 ?\gh attractive1 h prov$ ( v little practical value1 & ! /ud5t w f9d ev5 ! reports above ref]r$ to imp]fect1 z !y 7 prep>$ = a limit$ region1 & d n m5tion sev]al insects t are common 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry ?an ! ,/ates = :i* ^! reports 7 prep>$4 ,x 7 mu* to be desir$1 t e ,/ate ,society w\ld h simil> reports1 respect+ ! insects1 peculi> to its /ate4 ,?us ! au?or f\nd himself compell$ to inve/igate ?is broad field ( /udy = himself--x became necess>y to grasp ! elem5ts ( ! classification1 & to g into ! field & ! or*>d1 to use 8 eyes1 & to obs]ve = himself4 ,?is 0 a labor ( "t1 & requir$ consid]able ef=t2 b x br\ght its own rew>d 9 ! pleasure att5dant ^u ?is delightful /udy4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 great satisfaction 9 ! ?\ght t all ^! facts1 ga!r$ f ! works ( m5 ( sci5ce1 confirm$ by p]sonal obs]vation1 & r5d]$ useful & applicable 9 practice by 8 fell[ labor]s 9 ! g>d5 & or*>d1 w\ld be a valuable contribution to !m1 & w\ld con/itute a useful portion ( ! ,am]ican ,pomology he 0 !n prep>+4 ,un=tunately = himself1 he has discov]$ t 8 collections1 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 cov]$ sev]al hundr$ pages ( manuscript1 & t1 if pr9t$1 !y w\ld r5d] 8 volume too cumbr\s4 ,^u consult+ ) 8 publi%]s1 x 0 conclud$ be/ to lay ! matt] aside1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 & to prep>e anew a brief acc\nt ( "s ( ! insects mo/ injuri\s to ! or*>d1 ) %ort sugge/ions z to ! be/ me?ods ( combat+ _! ravages4 ,?is conclusion has be5 ! m readily yield$ to1 because ! public n[ h a m$ium ( communication ) ! sci5tific entomologi/s1 :i* well supplies ! great want we _h begun to exp]i5ce4 ,i ref] to a mon?ly publication1 issu$ by ! ,entomological ,society ( ,philadelphia1 9 :i* ! que/ions1 t are con/antly occurr+ to f>m]s1 are answ]$ 9 ! mo/ simple1 cle>1 & satisfactory mann]4#bc ,besides ?is1 we f9d 9 our be/ agricultural j\rnals1 a page or a column1 devot$ to ! consid]ation ( insects injuri\s to vegetation4#bd ,= ! sake ( conv5i5ce & sy/em1 ^! notes w be pres5t$ 9 ! ord] ( ! approv$ classification ( insects4 ,omitt+ fur!r introduction or disc\rse ^u ! wond]ful in/9cts & habits ( insects1 & explanation ( _! metamorphoses & ! pr9ciples ( classification1 & confess+ my poor qualification = ! task1 let u proce$ at once to ! catalogue4 ,,coleopt]a4--,,beetles4 ,9 ?is class ( insects we f9d bo?1 fri5ds & foes4 ,! =m] assi/ u by _! voraci\s appetites1 t c only be satisfi$ ) g\rm&iz+ ^u o!r insects1 p>ticul>ly ! juicy bodies ( _! l>v4 ,! latt] embrace "s ( our mo/ tr\blesome pe/s1 especially z !y consume vegetable matt]s1 9 ! p]fect z well z 9 ! l>val condition1 & 9 bo? /ages are exce$+ly voraci\s4 ,moreov]1 !y g5]ally commit _! depr$ations "u cov]1 or at night4 ,"s live 9 ! soil & consume ! roots ( our plants1 & o!rs m9e _! way into ! solid wood ( ! /ems ( our f9e/ trees2 :ile "s only affect ! twigs & small] bran*es1 & o!rs dev\r ! foliage1 fl[]s1 & fruits4 ,a few ( ! mo/ famili> & tr\blesome ( ^! w n[ be introduc$2 & allusion w also be made to "s ( ^? :i* befri5d u by _! de/ruction ( o!r insects4 ,sap]da bivittata4 7,say47--,! ,apple ,tree ,bor]4--,?is is a nocturnal insect1 :i* has be5 f\nd v de/ructive to our or*>ds4 ,! female deposits "o egg 9 a place1 g5]ally l[ d[n on ! /em ( ! tree2 ?is hat*es1 & ent]s ! tissues ( ! b>k1 :]e x fe$s = a "t1 a footless grub4 ,z x gr[s1 x burr[s deep]1 & upw>d1 until x rea*es ! sap wood1 ^u :i* x fe$s4 ,:5 half gr[n1 x burr[s /ill deep]1 & upw>ds into ! he>t ( ! tree1 & !n outw>d ?r\gh ! sap wood to ! b>k1 b retires aga9 t[>d ! c5tre1 z to a place ( safety1 to und]go its trans=mation1 aft] pack+ ! hole ) %r$s ( wood & ) its ca/+s to make its retreat secure4 ,9 ! spr+1 ! p]fect insect op5s its way outw>d1 & em]ges to ! light ( day4 ,,rem$y4--,obs]ve ! b>k ( "y trees v closely dur+ ! summ]1 to discov] ! ca/+s t are eject$2 notice ! discolor$ or depress$ portions ( b>k1 & cut into !m to f9d & de/roy ! worm--if x has p5etrat$ ! solid wood1 pursue x ) a piece ( /\t b flexible wire4 ,,prev5tives4--,alkal9e wa%es h be5 highly recomm5d$1 z a means ( driv+ away ! "m beetle2 s(t soap may be us$1 & a portion ( s(t or h>d soap1 plac$ 9 ! =ks ( ! bran*es1 w dissolve ) ! ra9s1 & wa% d[n on ! b>k4 ,^! applications1 to be efficaci\s1 %\ld be made 9 ,may or ,june4 ,9 ,augu/1 ! b>k %\ld be exam9$1 & :5 ! worms are cut out1 ! soap suds may be inject$ ) advantage1 especially if ! l>v h n be5 rea*$4 ,birds %\ld be enc\rag$1 p>ticul>ly ! ,pic tribe1 :i* de/roy _m grubs ( ! wood-bor+ insects4 ,*rysobo?ris femorata1 or ! ,?ick-legg$ ,bupre/ris1 is ano!r k9d ( apple-tree bor]1 v common 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,we/4 ,! p]fect insect may be se5 runn+ up & d[n ! /ems ( our trees1 9 ,june & ,july4 ,x is a blacki% beetle1 ab\t half an in* long4 ,! hole1 bor$ by ! grub1 is flat1 & n cyl9drical l t ( ! ,sap]da4 ,?is beetle attacks ! /em high] up ?an ! ,sap]da1 b burr[s "u ! b>k1 & !n s9ks into ! wood mu* 9 ! same way4 ,,rem$ies & ,,prev5tives are simil> to ^? above m5tion$4 ,seek = ! "y worms 9 _! %all[ burr[s 9 ,augu/1 be=e !y h gone deeply into ! tree4 ,dic]ca div>icata1 7,say471 or ! ,*]ry-tree ,bor]1 is simil> 9 its habit ( bor+ 9 ! sap wood "u ! b>k1 & may be combat$ 9 ! same way4 ,! p]fect insect appe>s 9 ,june & ,july4 ,pr5oc]us sup]notatus1 or ! ,am]ican ,currant ,bor]1 fe$s ^u ! pi? ( ! /alk4 ,! l>va is a small1 :ite grub1 :i* *anges into a sl5d]1 long-horn$ beetle2 black1 edg$ ) *e/nut-br[n4 ,! w+ cov]s are m>k$ ) two small grey dots1 ant]iorly1 & a cresc5t-%ap$ "o beh9d ! middle4 ,x is v injuri\s to ! currant bu%es 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & con/itutes a s]i\s ob/acle to gr[+ ! plants to a s+le /em1 tree fa%ion4 ,9 ! bu% =m ( ?is plant1 ! con/ant reproduction ( new %oots comp5sates = ! de/ruction caus$ by ! bor]4 ,!re is ano!r currant bor]1 an ,european1 :i* is conf9$ to "y %oots2 z x is n ! l>va ( a beetle1 b ( a butt]fly1 x w be treat$ 9 its prop] place4 ,bo/ri*us bicaudatus1 or ! ,apple-twig ,bor]1 affects ! small twigs1 & :5 num]\s1 w produce an effect l t call$ twig-blight1 by caus+ ! dea? ( ! "p & ! )]+ ( ! leaves1 at mid-summ]4 ,a small hole w be f\nd ne> ! axil ( a leaf2 ?is turns ) ! twig1 & (t5 ext5ds sev]al in*es along ! pi?4 ,! insect is a small1 *e/nut-br[n beetle1 #j4be to #j4ce ( an in* long1 & is *>act]iz$ by two projections or horns at ! h9d] end4 ,has be5 f\nd r common f ,mi*igan to ,kansas4 ,,rem$y4--,kill1 :5 f\nd4 ,scolytus pyri1 or ! ,pe>-blight ,beetle1 affects twigs ( pe>1 apple1 & o!r fruits1 :i* )] & die at mid-summ]4 ,small p]=ations1 l p9 holes1 w be f\nd1 & issu+ f !m small cyl9drical beetles ( a deep br[n or black color4 ,,rem$y4--n kn[n4 ,lucanus dama1 or ,horn-beetle1 is a l>ge insect1 ! l>v ( :i* are said to fe$ ^u ! trunk & roots ( old apple & o!r trees4 ,! p]fect insects are ( a d>k mahogany color1 smoo?1 & poli%$4 ,l o!r ,/ag-beetles1 !y fly at night1 are n v h>mful1 & are believ$ to be sev]al ye>s 9 rea*+ ! p]fect /ate4 ,lepto/ylus aculif]us1 bores "u ! b>k ( apple trees4 ,x is a %ort1 ?ick1 br[ni%-gray beetle1 ) ?orns ^u its w+-cov]s2 h5ce1 ! sci5tific "n ( ne$le-be>]4 ,l5g?1 #j4ce in*2 season1 ,augu/4 ,! l>v are small worms1 occurr+ 9 multitudes "u ! b>k1 & mak+ long-w9d+ burr[s4 ,tomicus mali1 or ! ,apple-b>k ,beetle1 is describ$ by ,dr4 ,fit* z new4 ,he says1 x is a small1 smoo?1 black or *e/nut-r$1 cyl9drical beetle2 ! l>v fe$ "u ! b>k1 & !n ent] ! wood1 kill+ ! "y tree4 ,conotra*elus ,n5uph>1 7,h]b/71 is ! not$ & notori\s & yet little kn[n ,plum ,weevil1 t is su* an abom9ation to plum plant]s1 & :i* has prov$ v injuri\s to our pea*es & is ev5 accus$ ( produc+ de=mities 9 our pe>s & apples4 ,! egg is deposit$ 9 ! fruit1 :]e x soon hat*es & fe$s1 approa*+ ! /one4 ,?is causes ! fruit to fall1 & :5 ! grub has atta9$ its full size x desc5ds into ! gr\nd to p]=m its trans=mation4 ,! p]fect insect1 a small1 d>k-gray beetle1 ei!r crawls up ! /em1 or flies to ! trees4 ,mr4 ,wal% rem9ds u t ,dr4 ,trimble has f\nd ^! insects hyb]nat+ 9 %elt]$ places4 ,,rem$ies4--,x is lam5table t we h be5 able to d s little to prev5t ! ravages ( ?is insect4 ,! plan ( %ak+ (f1 & de/roy+ ! affect$ fruits1 promises ! be/ results1 by dim9i%+ ! next crop4 ,x 0 sugge/$ by ,david ,?omas1 ( ,new ,york1 b is mo/ successfully practis$ by ,dr4 ,e4,s4 ,hull1 ( ,ill9ois1 :o has inv5t$ an inv]t$ umbrella on :eels1 :i* receives ! insects1 z well z ! defective fruits1 :5 x is bump$ aga9/ ! trees4 ,by ! use ( ?is1 he is enabl$ to h>ve/ spl5did crops ( /one-fruits4 ,pomphopoea ,sayi1 7or ,can?>is pyrivora1 ( ,fit*71 is call$ by him ! ,pe> ,bli/]-fly4 ,he describes x z a long bli/]+ beetle1 ( a gre5-blue color2 f\nd on a pe> tree ab\t ! fir/ ( ,june1 eat+ ! "y fruit voraci\sly4 ,euryomia ,inda1 or ! ,indian ,cetonia1 is a beetle ab\t six-t5?s ( an in* long4 ,! head & ?orax d>k1 copp]-br[n1 ?ickly cov]$ ) %ort1 gre5i%-yell[ hairs2 w+-cases light yell[i%-br[n1 *angeable1 ) metallic t9ts4 ,^! are call$ fl[]-beetles1 because !y consume ! poll51 & bury !mselves 9 our fl[]s2 b 9 ! autumn1 !y consume our *oice/ fruits1 especially pea*es4 ,la*no/]na fusca1 7,froeli*71 is ! ,:ite ,grub1 or ,may ,beetle4 ,a heavy br[n insect1 an in* or m 9 l5g?1 :i* makes its appe>ance ) ! fir/ w>m ev5+s1 :5 ! ,black ,locu/ beg9s to op5 its fragrant blossoms1 to :i* ^! beetles are attract$4 ,!y also attack ! foliage ( o!r trees1 p>ticul>ly ! *]ry1 :i* !y entirely /rip ( leaves & fruit4 ,?\gh v de/ructive 9 ! p]fect =m1 ^! insects are mo/ to be dread$ :ile 9 ! l>val condition1 :i* is suppos$ to cont9ue = "s ye>s4 ,!y !n "w "u cov]1 & c only be trac$ by ! ravages !y commit4 ,e /rawb]ry gr[] is famili> ) ! l>ge ,:ite ,grub t s (t5 de/roys 8 hopes ( a crop1 by kill+ ! plants :5 9 full gr[? & fruitage1 by cutt+ (f all ! fibres4 ,,rem$y4--,! full-gr[n insects are v busy 9 ! ev5+1 b become /upid & le?>gic be=e morn+1 cl++ to ! leaves & twigs1 :5 !y may be %ak5 d[n1 caught on %eets1 ga!r$1 & de/roy$4 ,if let alone1 !y w fall to ! gr\nd t[>d day break1 & secrete !mselves 9 ! grass & soil until night4 ,all t c be kill$ 9 ?is /age ( _! exi/5ce1 ! bett]1 z ?is w prev5t ! deposition ( innum]able eggs4 ,! ,:ite ,grubs mu/ be de/roy$ "o at a "t 9 cultivat$ gr\nds2 kill !m :5ev] f\nd4 ,enc\rage *ick5s & birds to foll[ ! pl[ & spade1 z !y w consume great numb]s4 ,hogs w f9d & eat !m gre$ily1 & may be all[$ to root !m out ev5 f a mead[1 if badly affect$2 =1 ?\gh a h>% rem$y1 x is n s bad z ! disease4 ,pelidnota punctata1 or ! ,spott$ ,pelidnota1 is a l>ge yell[i% insect1 ) a black dot on ea* side ( ! ?orax1 & ?ree o!rs on ! out] side ( ea* w+-cov]4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! day "t1 ^u ! leaves ( ! grape v9e4 ,l ! re/ ( ! tribe1 ^! insects are voraci\s1 & ! grubs may also fe$ ^u ! roots ( ! grape2 !re=e !y _h bett] be de/roy$1 ?\gh z _! numb]s are seldom l>ge !y are n f\nd to be v injuri\s4 ,haltica *alybea1 or ! ,grape ,v9e ,flea-beetle1 appe>s e>ly 9 ! season1 & eats holes 9 ! buds & leaves4 ,x is small1 #j4af in* long1 oval2 %9+1 deep gre5i%-blue1 or deep gre51 or purple4 ,?is insect sp5ds ! w9t] 9 ! e>? ab\t ! roots ( ! v9e1 & fe$s ^u !m4 ,anomala lucicola1 or ! light-lov+ ,anomala1 is f\nd on ! grape v9e 9 ,july4 ,x resembles ! ,may ,beetle1 b is small]1 be+ #j4ce in* long4 ,^! are n all ! beetles t fe$ ^u ! grape v9e4 ,macrodactylus subsp9osa1 or ! ,rose-*af]1 is ano!r melolon?ian beetle1 :i* is exce$+ly de/ructive to grapes & v>i\s o!r plants 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 9 ,may & ,june4 ,?is insect is small] ?an ! o!rs ( its gr\p1 b is equally de/ructive z a leaf-eat]1 on acc\nt ( its numb]s4 ,on ! grape1 x cuts (f ! "y bun* ( buds & blossoms1 & ?us s]i\sly dim9i%es ! crop1 z well z by de/roy+ ! foliage4 ,x is ( a buff-yell[1 ) black feet1 ab\t #j4cc in* long4 ,!y cont9ue to ravage vegetation ab\t a mon?1 & !n retire into ! gr\nd1 an in* deep1 & deposit _! eggs1 :i* hat* 9 ab\t tw5ty days1 & ! "y grubs fe$ ^u t5d] roots1 atta9+ _! full size1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*1 be=e w9t]1 :5 !y desc5d deep] to hyb]nate4 ,! ,rose-beetle has _m natural enemies1 among :i* are ! ,dragon-flies2 b we mu/ dep5d ^u human ef=ts = _! de/ruction1 an almo/ hopeless task1 = _! "n is legion1 b s mu* ! great] necessity = ! ef=t1 & z !y are sluggi%1 !y may easily be caught & ?r[n into hot wat]1 or o!rwise de/roy$4 ,tree ,prun]s are ! l>v ( beetles t excavate a burr[ 9 small limbs ( trees1 s z to make a section almo/ across _! sub/ance2 mo/ ( !m !n bore upw>d into ! limb1 & await ! action ( ! w9ds to break (f ! "p & waft !m to ! gr\nd1 :]e !y pass ?r\gh _! *ange to ! p]fect insect4 ,!y ex]cise a wond]ful in/9ct 9 leav+ j fibres en\gh to support ! bran* until !y are ready = _! desc5t1 b x (t5 happ5s t ! twig breaks (f p>tially & hangs by a ?read1 dy+1 ( c\rse2 we see ! br[n leaves on ! trees1 & ?is is ! fir/ indication ( ! pres5ce ( ! insects4 ,if we exam9e ! fall5 spray1 we %all be surpris$ to obs]ve ! cause ( its fall+4 ,9 ! case ( ! oak tree1 ! damage is done by ! ,elaphidion villosum1 7,fabricius71 a long-horn$ beetle4 ,! l>va rema9s 9 ^! twigs until ! next season1 h5ce ! importance ( ga!r+ & burn+ all t fall to ! gr\nd4 ,an insect ( some:at simil> habits (t5 cuts (f /\t %oots ( ! ,hickory1 mak+ a v neat section ( a small limb1 leav+ only ! b>k1 s t x readily breaks (f ) ! w9d2 & a simil> effect has be5 obs]v$ 9 /rong annual %oots ( ! pe>1 t[>d ! end ( summ]4 ,! fall5 piece & ! /ump are cut z neatly z by ! %e>s1 b no p]=ation is discov]$ along ! axis1 9 :i* ! l>va c\ld be conceal$2 h5ce we h b to suff] ! trimm+ ?us p]=m$ )\t our w1 & look ^u x z a sort ( natural %ort5+-9 ( our trees4 ,bli/]-flies1 or ,beetles4--,!re are sev]al species ( ^! insects1 ea* ( :i* appe>s to h its favorite pa/urage4 ,!y are exce$+ly voraci\s1 b conf9e !mselves *iefly to ! de/ruction ( h]bace\s vegetation1 & are !re=e obnoxi\s to ! f>m] & g>d5]1 :o "k !m z ! potato insects1 ?an to ! fruit-gr[]4 ,_! appetites are n v discrim9at+1 h[ev]1 & :5 !y are abundant !y may consume ! foliage ( our trees4 ,^! ,bli/]-flies belong to ! g5us ,lytta1 & are us$ z a sub/itute = ! ,spani%-fly ( ,europe1 z !y are possess$ ( bli/]+ qualities 9 no mean degree4 ,!y are :olly diff]5t f ! new potato de/roy] ( ! ,we/1 ! ,doryphora #aj-l9eata1 :i* is hemisph]ical1 & is a leaf-eat]1 9 ! l>val z well z 9 ! p]fect /ate4 ,,rem$y4--,cat* & kill all t c be f\nd 9 ! g>d51 or potato field2 scald1 dry1 & sell to ! apo!c>y4 ,be=e clos+ ?is section1 x is b due to our _m insect fri5ds 9 ?is ord]1 to introduce a few ( !m to ! read]4 ,!re are sev]al l>ge families t are really s]viceable to man2 "s ( ^! are call$ ,scav5g]s1 because !y consume l>ge quantities ( decay+ matt] t might prove noxi\s to u1 7 x all[$ to decay ^u ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,among ^! are ! ,dung-beetles1 & ! ,c>rion-beetles3 o!rs are c>nivor\s1 & "s ( ^! are call$ ,cic9delid1 or ,tig]-beetles1 f _! voraci\s consumption ( o!r insects1 :i* !y dev\r 9 great numb]s1 bo? 9 _! l>val & 9 _! p]fect =m4 ,^! day beetles are l>ge1 brightly color$1 & v active 9 _! movem5ts1 z !y run ab\t 9 ! sunny pa?s & roads1 & _c fail to attract att5tion4 ,few p]sons are aw>e1 h[ev]1 ( ! valuable aid !y are r5d]+ to man1 nor ( ! cr$it t is due to !m = ! pres]vation ( our crops f ! invasion ( o!r insect foes4 ,too (t5 !y are ei!r unobs]v$ & ov]look$1 or ev5 treat$ ) ! av]sion & cruelty ( m5 :o ignorantly attempt to /amp out all insect life1 z ?\gh ^! creatures 7 intrud]s ^u _! preemption4 ,! intellig5t obs]v] ( nature w soon le>n to respect ea* aid1 :i* has be5 s wisely furni%$ to assi/ him 9 8 labors z a cultivator ( ! soil1 & all may admire ! ,wisdom t has provid$ at ! same "t su* beautiful & su* useful creatures = ! "w4 ,calosoma scrutator1 is well nam$ ! h&some1 = x is "o ( our mo/ beautiful insects ( ?is class4 ,?is1 & ! r$-spott$ ,c4 calidum1 may be se5 ^u trees1 seek+ cat]pill>s1 ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,"o ( our mo/ intellig5t horticulturi/s has s high an appreciation ( ^! insects1 t he w n all[ !m to be di/urb$1 & :5ev] he sees any cat]pill>s 9 8 or*>d1 he takes ^! beetles to ! tree1 & gives himself no fur!r conc]n1 kn[+ t ! ,calosoma w soon de/roy e worm4 ,cocc9elid1 or ,lady-birds1 are mo/ valuable aids to ! cultivator1 :o is con/antly liable to h 8 crops de/roy$ by ! v>i\s species ( ,aphides4 ,^! little hemisph]ical beetles are famili> to e "o1 & kn[n to ! *ildr5 z ,lady-birds2 b all may n "k _! value1 nor be s well acqua9t$ ) ! l>v ( ^! insects1 :i* are ! *ief ag5ts 9 ! de/ruction ( our tr\blesome plant-lice4 ,mo/ p]sons w\ld be v apt to cru% ^! curi\s1 dim9utive1 liz>d-look+ creatures1 ev5 at ! "t !y 7 attack+ ! ,aphides1 in/ead ( leav+ !m to c>ry on ! w>f>e m effectually )\t our aid4 ,^! little fri5ds h _h a sup]/iti\s reg>d %[n to !m 9 _m c\ntries1 :i* indicates t a glimm]+ idea prevail$ respect+ _! usefulness4 ,! ,g]mans call !m ! ,m>i5kaef]1 or ,lady-beetles1 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! ,fr5* call !m ,va*es de ,dieu1 ! ,"l's c[s1 & our own *ildr5 are all famili> ) ! nurs]y rhyme ab\t ! ,lady-birds4 ,^! insects f9d _! way to trees or plants t are infe/$ ) _! prop] food1 ! ,aphides4 ,^! beetles hide "u ! leaves t clu/] 9 %elt]$ nooks ab\t or betwe5 ! l>ge roots ( =e/ trees1 :]e !y c be f\nd on any mild w9t] day1 & may be c>ri$ to ! gre5-h\se or to ! w9d[ plants t are infe/$ ) plant-lice4 ,!y w n only dev\r ^! pe/s1 b w soon lay eggs t hat* & produce ! l>v :i* are s voraci\s z to cle> ! plants 9 a %ort-"t4 ,a little att5tion to ! habits ( ^! insects may sp>e u great losses f ! plant-lice4 ,,or?opt]a4--,,gras%opp]s4 ,! insects ( ?is ord] h an imp]fect trans=mation4 ,! eggs hat* at once into "y insects1 t resemble _! p>5ts 9 =m & habits1 except+ t !y d n get _! w+s till !y approa* ! adult /ate4 ,! "y consume food voraci\sly1 & ! p]fect insects are n only /ill m hungry1 b1 hav+ increas$ p[]s ( locomotion1 !y are m widely de/ructive4 ,^! are ! true ,locu/s1 & ?\gh *iefly injuri\s to ! f>m & g>d51 infe/+ ! mead[s & corn-fields1 ! gras%opp]s1 :5 w+$1 (t5 attack ! foliage ( our "y or*>d trees t[>d ! end ( summ]4 ,b :5 we contemplate ! invasion ( ! great we/]n plague1 belong+ to ?is ord]1 :i* rivals t t]rible sc\rge1 ! ,locu/ ( ! ea/]n cont95t1 9 numb]s & voracity1 we may well dread _! increase & appe>ance 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! gras%opp]s t h invad$ ,kansas & o!r ,we/]n ,/ates are1 l all ! re/ ( ?is gr\p ( ,or?opt]a1 true ,locu/s4 ,?is ord] is call$ ,or?opt]a1 f _! /raight w+s2 x embraces sev]al gr\ps1 cockroa*es1 crickets1 gras%opp]s1 or locu/s1 etc41 :i* are all injuri\s1 except ! ,mantis1 :i* is pr$aci\s1 & !re=e useful4 ,,hemipt]a4--,,bugs ,,& ,,h>ve/-,,flies4 ,?is ord] conta9s _m insects t are injuri\s to ! nurs]yman1 to ! or*>di/1 & to ! g>d5]4 ,!y are *>act]iz$ by hav+ a proboscis in/ead ( a m\? ) jaws2 !y c suck1 b !y _c bite4 ,! proboscis is (t5 horny1 & arm$ ) two pair ( bri/les1 :5 x becomes a m =midable weapon = attack4 ,bugs h f\r w+s2 !y d n pass ?r\gh ! usual metamorphoses ( insect life2 b are born ) legs & fe$+ app>atus l ! p]fect insects1 except t "s h no w+s4 ,bugs are all injuri\s to man1 except+ su* z are pr$aci\s1 :i* are s]viceable by de/roy+ o!r insects4 ,_m are v small2 & yet _! c\ntless numb]s & wond]ful fecundity enable !m to d imm5se damage1 z is true ( ! ,aphides & ,coccid1 ! ,t+is1 ! ,tettigonia vitis1 call$ ! ,?rips by our v9e-dress]s2 & /ill m s ( ! ,*9*-bug ( ! ,we/]n prairies1 :i* de/roys :ole crops ( our mo/ important c]eals4 ,! color$ juice ( "s bugs is us$ 9 ! arts4 ,! coccus ( ! prickly pe>1 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 is ga!r$ & dri$ to =m ! co*9eal ( ! %ops4 ,hemipt]\s insects are divid$ into two gr\ps4 ,true bugs1 call$ ,hemipt]a het]opt]a1 hav+ ! w+-cov]s opaque at ! base1 & laid horizontally1 & cross+ ea* o!r obliquely at ! end1 ov]lapp+2 & ! ,h>ve/-flies1 su* z ,plant-lice & ,b>k-lice4 ,^!1 ! ,hemipt]a homopt]a1 h ! w+-cov]s ( "o texture ?r\gh\t1 n horizontal1 b m or less slop+1 & n cross+ "o ano!r beh9d4 ,among ^!1 :i* all fe$ ^u plants1 "s v tr\blesome pe/s w "h be notic$4 ,,coccidians4--,,b>k-,,lice4 ,aspidiotus con*i=mis1 or ! ,apple ,b>k-l\se1 is v num]\s 9 _m p>ts ( our c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly nor? ( latitude #dj degrees4 ,x commits sad deva/ations 9 "s sections4 ,individually1 x is b a little scale2 b ^! animals are wond]fully prolific & soon cov] e twig ( ! tree1 ob/ruct+ its transpirations1 & ab/ract+ its vital juices2 ! leaves1 & ev5 ! fruit are ov]run ) ^! mis]able scales1 b ! twigs are _! favorite resort4 ,^! scales are oblong1 %ap$ l an oy/] %ell2 flat & br[n1 (t5 cr[d+ ^u "o ano!r4 ,9 ! w9t] & spr+1 !y conta9 or cov] a numb] ( small1 r\nd1 :ite eggs1 :i* hat* out 9 ! spr+1 9 ,may1 atta* !mselves to ! b>k1 & absorb ! juices3 v>i\s rem$ies h be5 sugge/$1 & m or less ?or\ghly te/$4 ,! re/oration ( ! ?rifty gr[? ( ! tree is consid]$ ess5tial to success2 & )\t ?is1 all rem$ies are look$ ^u z unavail+4 ,"s or*>di/s ?9k t ?or\gh dra9age & cultivation ( ! l& w\ld alone bani% ! lice1 b ?is c h>dly be hop$4 ,/rong lye1 or solutions ( pota%1 or soda1 :ite-wa%1 & sulphur1 h be5 us$1 & tobacco boil$ 9 lye1 s(t-soap & t> mix$ ) l9se$ oil1 :i* makes a k9d ( v>ni%4 ,mr4 ,wal% tells u t applications1 to de/roy ?is insect1 are bett] made 9 ,may or ,june1 z ! eggs are protect$ by ! scale 9 w9t]1 & x is imp]meable to wat]y solutions4 ,?is pe/ has be5 import$ f ,europe4 ,wal% recomm5ds ! use ( ,lady-birds to *eck ! ,b>k-lice4#be ,lecanium pyri1 7,fit*71 or ! ,pe> ,b>k-l\se1 is a hemisph]ical br[n scale1 z l>ge z a split pea4 ,!y may be f\nd 9 summ] on ! "u side ( ! limbs1 & are ! rema9s ( dead females1 :i* cov] ! eggs & "y brood4 ,?is insect w\ld be v injuri\s1 7 x to increase 9 numb]s consid]ably4 ,let "y trees be exam9$ 9 ,june1 :5 ! scales may easily be f\nd1 remov$1 & de/roy$4 ,lecanium p]sici1 or ! ,pea* ,b>k-l\se1 is describ$1 by ,fit*1 z simil> 9 size to ! above1 f\nd on smoo? b>k ne> a bud2 x is blacki%1 unev51 %9+1 ) a pale m>g94 ,ano!r pe> tree b>k-l\se 0 describ$ by ! lam5t$ ,a4,o4 ,moore1 ( ,new ,york1 z a :ite1 pap]y scale1 giv+ a cl>et-color$ juice :5 scrap$4 ,?is1 9 ! w9t]1 consi/s ( a defunct "m & h] brood ( eggs1 ! break+ ( :i* gives ! color4 ,alkal9e wa%es are recomm5d$ to be appli$ 9 ! spr+4 ,mr4 ,wal% ?9ks ?is insect _c be ! same z t m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,h>ris1 on p4 #bbb ( 8 report1 "u ! "n ( ,coccus cryptogamus1 7,dalman71 :o f\nd x ^u ! ,asp51 & !re=e he has nam$ x ,coccus8 ,h>risii4#bf ,lecanium vitis1 7,l9n471 or ! ,v9e ,b>k-l\se1 is m5tion$ by ,fit* z hav+ be5 f\nd on grape v9es 9 ,june4 ,x is hemisph]ical & br[n4 ,a cottony sub/ance 0 extrud$ f "o end ( ! scale1 & ?is increas$ until ,july1 :5 m9ute insects crept out & scatt]$ ov] ! b>k1 ^u :i* !y fix$ !mselves4 ,?is insect is n v common1 b its fir/ appe>ance %\ld be closely wat*$1 & its de/ruction promptly effect$4 ,,aphides4--,,plant-,,lice4 ,^! are ! mo/ extraord9>y insects1 be+ f\nd ^u almo/ all p>ts ( plants1 & !re is sc>cely a species :i* does n support "o or m k9ds peculi> to itself4 ,!n !y are s exce$+ly prolific6 ,reaumur prov$ t "o individual1 9 five g5]ations1 may become ! prog5itor ( ne>ly six ?\s& millions ( desc5dants4 ,mo/ ( ^! insects1 :i* we f9d s abundant ^u our trees1 are w+less females4 ,w+$ insects1 bo? male & female1 appe> lat] 9 ! season1 & aft] lay+ _! eggs1 !y soon p]i%4 ,"s lay 9 ! fall1 o!rs wait till spr+4 ,:5 ^! eggs hat*1 ! brood consi/s :olly ( females1 :i* are w+less1 & d n lay eggs1 b are vivip>\s & produce f fifte5 to tw5ty "y lice 9 ! c\rse ( a day4 ,?is second g5]ation are also w+less1 & at maturity produce _! "y1 & s on to ! sev5? g5]ation1 )\t ! approa* ( a s+le male1 until ! autumn1 :5 a brood ( males & females appe>s1 :i* are bo? w+$ at maturity1 & !n ! eggs are laid = ! next ye>'s brood1 & ! p>5ts die4#bg ,! injuries occasion$ by plant-lice1 are mu* great] ?an w\ld at fir/ be expect$1 f an obs]vation ( ! small size & extreme weakness ( ! insects2 b ^! make up by _! numb]s :at !y lack 9 /r5g? individually1 & ?us become =midable enemies to vegetation4 ,by _! punctures & ! quantity ( sap !y draw f ! leaves1 ! functions ( ^! important organs are d]ang$1 or int]rupt$1 ! sap is )drawn or contam9at$1 & unfitt$ to supply ! wants ( vegetation4 ,plants are diff]5tly affect$2 "s )] & cease to gr[1 _! leaves & /ems become sickly1 & die f exhau/ion4 ,o!rs1 n kill$1 are greatly imp$$ 9 _! gr[?2 ! t5d] p>ts1 :i* are attack$1 become /unt$ & curl$4 ,! punctures ( ! lice appe> to poison "s plants1 produc+ w>ts or swell+s1 :i* are sometimes solid1 sometimes holl[1 conta9+ )9 !m a sw>m ( lice1 desc5dants ( a s+le individual4#bh ,^! la/ are (t5 se5 ^u ! leaves ( ! ,elm1 & ^u "s ,popl>s1 & o!r trees2 b ,i h n f\nd any ^u ! foliage ( our cultivat$ fruits1 unless x be ^? on ! grape4 ,aphis mali1 or ! ,apple ,leaf-l\se1 is a small1 gre5 insect )\t w+s1 accompani$ by a few black & gre5 ones hav+ w+s4 ,^! are all cr[d$ toge!r ^u ! gre5 tips ( twigs1 & "u ! leaves1 suck+ ! sap4 ,! eggs rema9 9 deep cracks ( ! b>k dur+ ! w9t]1 & hat* z soon z ! buds exp& 9 ! spr+4 ,! mo/ successful treatm5t is to scrape (f ! loose b>k1 & to apply to ! /ems ( ! trees alkal9e or lime wa%es4 ,_m ( our famili> little w9t] birds consume ^! eggs4 ,9 ! spr+ & summ]1 alkal9e solutions may be us$ ) advantage1 syr+$ or spr9kl$ ^u ! affect$ %oots & foliage4 ,! smell ( ^! insects is peculi>1 :i*1 inde$1 is g5]ally *>act]i/ic ) bugs4 ,ea* sort seems to d]ive a special flavor f ! tree or plant ^u :i* x fe$s4 ,mo/ insects ( ?is family secrete copi\sly a sweeti% fluid1 call$ ! honey dew1 :i* is eject$ f two little horns or nect>ies1 t project1 "o on ea* side ( _! bodies4 ,?is sweet mat]ial attracts a great _m flies1 & o!r insects1 p>ticul>ly ants1 :i* are ! con/ant att5dants ( ^! creatures1 & are said to protect !m f _! enemies 9 ord] to obta9 _! sweet secretion4 ,"s entomologi/s h call$ ,aphides ! ,ants' c[s4 ,no "o1 :o is acqua9t$ ) ! ,aphides1 & ! v>i\s insects :i* prey ^u !m1 w ev] p]mit a valuable plant to suff] injury f ^! pe/s4 ,he w collect "s ( ! ,aphis' enemies alive1 c>ry !m to ! affect$ plant1 & set !m free to d _! "w2 !re !y w rema9 :ile ! food la/s4 ,! ,aphides h m num]\s1 m active1 & m invet]ate enemies ?an insects ( any o!r gr\p--^! are ! means by :i* _! wond]ful fecundity is kept 9 *eck4 ,among !m are ! ,aphis-lions1 :i* are ! l>v ( ! ,gold5-ey$ & ,lace-w+ flies1 belong+ to ! ord] ,neuropt]a4 ,!y are r$di%-br[n1 ) a d>k /ripe d[n ! middle1 & a cream-color$ "o on ea* side2 bodies long1 n>r[1 & wr9kl$ transv]sely4 ,_! jaws are long1 curv$ l sickles1 project+ =w>d f _! heads horizontally4#bi ,! ,cocc9ellid1 m5tion$ z useful memb]s ( ! ord] ,coleopt]a1 on a previ\s page1 are among ! mo/ active enemies ( ! ,aphides4 ,! eggs are laid 9 clu/]s ( tw5ty to =ty on ! "u side ( a leaf1 to :i* !y are closely glu$2 !y are oval1 & light yell[4 ,!y hat* into small blacki% l>v1 :i* are active1 & :i* boldly attack an ,aphis mu* l>g] ?an !mselves1 leav+ only ! empty sk94 ,!y consume hundr$s :ile 9 ! l>val /ate1 ab\t two weeks1 :5 !y atta* !mselves by ! tail1 & g into ! pupa /ate4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ ( ^! ,lady-birds is ! ,mysia #ae-punctata2 ! l>va is a cle> :ite1 ! middle ( ! back t+$ ) r$1 & two or ?ree black spots on ea* segm5t--ne>ly a hundr$ species ( ,lady-birds are f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! p]fect insect1 z well z ! l>v1 fe$ ^u ,aphides1 & in/ead ( be+ de/roy$1 !y %\ld be *]i%$ & enc\rag$4 ,besides ^!1 !re are o!r invet]ate enemies ( ! plant-lice 9 ! ,syrphid1 :i* are two-w+$ flies1 resembl+ ! common h\se-fly1 b h&som]4 ,!y deposit _! eggs :]e ,aphides exi/2 ! maggot1 :i* hat*es f ^!1 seizes ^u ! fir/ ,aphis t comes )9 8 rea*1 & sucks its fluids4 ,a m$ium-siz$ worm w consume a hundr$ lice 9 an h\r4 ,!y are always f\nd 9 a colony ( ,aphides4#cj ,aphis prunifoli1 or ! ,plum ,leaf-l\se1 is black1 ) pale gre5 abdom54 ,x is f\nd on ! "u side ( ! leaves1 :i* become wr9kl$ & di/ort$4 ,x is n s abundant z "s o!r species1 b its habits are simil>4#ca ,aphis c]asi1 7,fabric471 or ! ,*]ry ,plant-l\se1 is v common1 v num]\s1 & v black4 ,!y appe> ) ! fir/ expansion ( ! leaves1 & cont9ue or are r5ew$ :5 de/roy$1 & rema9 until mid-summ]1 :5 !y g5]ally disappe>4 ,_! numb]s are almo/ incr$ible1 & !y give a "y *]ry tree a wret*$ appe>ance4 ,on ! "u surface ( a small leaf1 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 ,mr4 ,fit* c\nt$ "o hundr$ & n9ety lice1 on "o side only ( ! midrib4 ,_! natural enemies come to ! rescue to *eck _! wond]ful increase1 & sometimes w utt]ly r\t ! ,aphides 9 a s+le week4#cb ,! rem$ies advis$ = ! apple tree ,aphides1 are equally applicable to ^? ( ! *]ry1 & _! natural enemies are ! same & equally efficaci\s2 b ,aphides h int]nal foes likewise1 t may be nam$ "h4 ,! ,i*neumon-flies are p>asitic1 _! l>v fe$ ^u ! sub/ance ( ! ,aphides4 ,! g5us ,aphidius is p>ticul>ly provid$ to furni% p>asites to ^! insects1 9 :i* !y deposit a s+le egg select+ a l\se ( ! prop] size to su/a9 _! prog5y3 ! egg hat*es to a l>va1 :i* exhau/s ! ,aphis by ! "t x has atta9$ its gr[?1 :5 ! poor creature fa/5s itself securely to ! leaf1 & dies1 leav+ its c>case a secure re/+ place = ! pupa ( ! ,i*neumon4 ,^! p>asitic-insects1 :i* fe$ int]nally ^u ! ,aphides1 are z effective 9 _! de/ruction z ! ,aphis-lions1 or any o!r class ( _! enemies4#cc ,aphis p]sic1 or ! ,pea* ,tree-l\se1 punctures ! leaves ( ?is plant1 & ,dr4 ,fit*#cd ?9ks1 is ! common ?\gh n ! only cause ( ! curl 9 ! pea* tree leaves4 ,our intellig5t or*>di/s h f\nd ^! insects occasionally 9 ! curl$ leaves ( ! pea*1 b d n agree ) ?is di/+ui%$ entomologi/1 9 consid]+ !m a cause ( t malady4 ,aphis vitis81 or ! ,v9e ,aphis1 is (t5 q tr\blesome on vigor\s "y %oots ( ! grape v9e1 bo? wild & cultivat$1 p>ticul>ly ! =m]4 ,^! insects soon cripple ! gr[? ( ! %oot4 ,! species is n kn[n to be diff]5t f t ( ,europe4 ,?is insect is briefly m5tion$ by ,t4 ,glov]1 9 ,pat5t ,(fice ,rept4 = #ahed1 p4 #gi4 ,dr4 ,fit* describes z a grape leaf-l\se1 ! ,pemphigus vitifolia1 :i* inhabits ! gall-l excresc5ces ^u ! foliage ( "s v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly ^? ) ?9 leaves4 ,aphis ribis1 7,l9n471 is ! ,aphis ( ! currant4 ,x causes ! leaves to pres5t a bli/]$ appe>ance above2 ! lice are f\nd on ! "u side2 ! w+less are pale yell[1 ! o!rs h glossy w+s1 mo/ly black1 ) abdom5 light gre54#ce ,aphis lanig]a1 n[ call$ ,eriosoma1 or ! ,woolly ,aphis1 0 fir/ describ$ 9 #ahja z infe/+ ! apple trees 9 ,g]many4 ,x has be5 notic$ 9 ,engl& 9 #aghg1 & has s9ce acquir$ ! "n ( ,am]ican ,blight1 f ! errone\s supposition t x _h be5 import$ f ?is c\ntry2 b x 0 kn[n to ,fr5* g>d5]s = a long "t previ\s4 ,! eggs ( ?is insect are microscopic1 & are envelop$ 9 a cottony sub/ance4 ,!y are deposit$ 9 *9ks ( b>k1 & crot*es ( limbs1 at or ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$1 ! insects are cov]$ ) %ort d[n2 z !y gr[1 ! d[n increases 9 l5g?4 ,:5 fully gr[n1 !y are "o-t5? ( an in* long2 ! head1 ant5n1 suck]1 & sk9s1 are blacki%1 ! abdom5 ( a honey-yell[ color4 ,_! punctures produce w>ty excresc5ces1 ! limbs become sickly1 ! leaves turn yell[ & drop (f1 & ! :ole tree p]i%es z ! insects spread ov] x4 ,! rem$ies appe> futile on badly affect$ trees4 ,"y trees 7 treat$ by pa9t+ ov] ! affect$ p>ts ) a mixture ( melt$ res9 & fi% oil1 9 equal p>ts1 appli$ w>m4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks remov$ !m ) a /iff bru%4 ,spirits ( t>1 turp5t9e1 oil1 & s(t soap1 h be5 recomm5d$4 ,aft] scrap+ (f ! r\gh b>k1 wa% ! tree ) alkal9e solution1 apply ! same to ! ma9 roots aft] lay+ !m b>e ( e>?4#cf ,phemphigus pyri1 ,eriosoma pyri1 7,fit*71 or ,pemphigus ,am]icanus81 7,walk]71 is ! ,apple-root ,blight4 ,x produces a simil> condition 9 ! roots1 & 0 also call$ ! ,am]ican ,blight 9 ,engl&4 ,x is compos$ ( w>ty excresc5ces ^u ! roots1 conta9+ 9 _! crevices m9ute lice1 hav+ _! bodies cov]$ ) a :ite cottony sub/ance4 ,removal ( ! e>?1 & ! application ( soapsuds1 has be5 recomm5d$ z a probable rem$y = ! injuries done by ?is insect4#cg ,psylla ,pyri4--,"s ,aphides h ! p[] ( leap+1 l ! leaf-hopp]s1 b !y diff] f ^? insects 9 hav+ v l>ge transp>5t upp] w+s1 :i* cov] ! sides ( ! body l a /eep ro(4 ,! g5us embrac+ ^! insects1 is call$ ,psylla4 ,"o ( ! species 0 obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,h>ris1 ^u a pe> tree4 ,!y live by suction1 & hav+ gorg$ !mselves1 ! juice runs d[n on ! b>k1 produc+ a blacki% color2 "y trees suff]$ excessively4 ,z ,dr4 ,phumb1 ( ,salisbury1 ,conn41 _h obs]v$ !m 9 #ahcc on "s import$ pe> trees1 ( :i* he lo/ sev]al hundr$ 9 a few ye>s1 ,dr4 ,h>ris suspect$ ! insect to be ! ,psylla pyri1 ( ,europe4 ,koll> recomm5ds bru%+ (f ! insects1 & cru%+ !m "u foot2 & also advises to de/roy ! w+$ females 9 ! spr+4 ,?is be+ t$i\s & unc]ta91 x is recomm5d$ to wa% ! twigs ) a bru%1 dipp$ 9 a mixture ( /rong soapsuds & fl[]s ( sulphur1 be=e ! buds exp&1 to det] ! insects f lay+ _! eggs4 ,a weak] solution1 or ! :ale oil soap1 might kill ! "y insects aft] !y h fa/5$ ^u ! b>k1 if appli$ ) a syr+e4#ch ,cicada sept5decim1 or ! ,sev5te5-ye> ,locu/1 z x is errone\sly call$1 is no ,locu/ at all1 b %\ld be call$ ,cicada1 because1 z already /at$1 :5 consid]+ ! ord] ,or?opt]a1 ! true ,locu/s1 are1 :at we call ,gras%opp]s4 ,?is insect is rem>kable = ! long p]iod ( its pupal exi/5ce1 :i* is subt]ranean1 & dur+ :i* x fe$s ^u ! juices ( roots4 ,9 its p]fect /ate1 x does n eat1 & is nei!r able to bite nor to /+4 ,! injury x does to our or*>ds is effect$ by its pi]c] 9 deposit+ its eggs1 caus+ twigs to break & fall (f4 ,!re are sev]al ,h>ve/-flies t belong to ?is ord]4 ,tree ,hopp]s1 be+ memb]s ( ! same ord]1 fe$ ^u ! juices ( plants1 ?r\gh _! suck]s1 & are ?us injuri\s2 b _! numb]s are n suffici5t to r5d] !m ( mu* consequ5ce4 ,palo?rips mali1 7,fit*71 is ! "n ( an insect describ$ by ,dr4 ,fit*#ci z infe/+ apple trees 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 :]e !y 7 attack+ ! fruit4 ,!y excavat$ a little holl[ ne> ! blossom end ( ! apple ab\t ! size ( a pea1 :i* 0 occupi$ by small insects4 ,until ! habits ( ! insect are m ?or\ghly und]/ood1 x w be difficult to advise any rem$ies4 ,!re is q a numb] ( insects 9 ?is class t affect ! grape v9e1 "s ( :i* may become tr\blesome1 & we %\ld wat* _! habits4 ,! foll[+ acc\nts are cond5s$ f ,dr4 ,fit*'s ,report3 ,raphiga/] s>p9us1 or ! l>ge ,gre5 ,tree-bug1 is grassy-gre51 edg$ ) yell[1 & a black po9t at e jo9t ( ! abdom52 f\nd 9 ,septemb]4 ,p5tatoma ligata1 or ! ,b\nd ,tree-bug1 is also grassy-gre51 b m widely bord]$ all r\nd1 except ! head1 ) pale r$1 & has a pale r$ spot on ! middle ( its back & on ! apex ( its scutel2 ant5n gre54 ,arma mode/a1 or ! ,mode/ ,tree-bug1 is tawny1 yell[i%-gray1 ?ickly dott$ ) br[n punctures2 ! w+-cov]s are r$ at ! apex ( _! lea!ry portion1 & h a br[n spot at ! tip ( ! hyal9e portion2 ! "u side is :iti%1 ) a r[ ( black dots along ! middle1 & ano!r on ea* side4 ,!lia univittata1 7,h>ris71 or ! ,s+le-/rip$ ,treehopp]1 is *e/nut-br[n1 %ap$ l a bee*-nut1 ) a p]p5dicul> protub]ance on ! =e "p ( its back1 high] ?an wide4 ,x is tawny :ite 9 front1 a :ite /ripe along ! back to ! tip2 l5g? #j4cg in*2 ,july & ,augu/4 ,c]esa bubalus1 or ,buffalo ,treehopp]1 is ( a light grass-gre51 freckl$ ) :iti% dots2 ) a %>p %ort po9t on ea* side1 project+ l horns4 ,c]esa taur9a1 is l ! prec$+1 b ! space betwe5 ! horns is concave4 ,acutalis dorsalis1 is a small1 triangul>1 %9+ ,treehopp]1 ) a smoo? r\nd back2 x is gre5i%-:ite1 ) a l>ge black spot1 f ! ant]ior corn]s ( :i* a l9e runs (f to ea* eye4 ,pl5tiful ab\t ! la/ ( ,july1 a few rema9+ until ,octob]4 ,ery?roneura vitis1 7,h>ris71 or ! ,v9e-leaf hopp]1 is pale yell[1 ) two broad blood-r$ b&s1 & a ?ird dusky "o on ! apex4 ,sw>ms ( ^! small insects occur 9 ,augu/1 & (t5 ble$ ! foliage s z to injure x s]i\sly4 ,ery?roneura tric9cta1 or ! ,?ree-b&$ ,leaf-hopp]1 is l ! prec$+ species1 b ! b&s are n>r[]4 ,ery?roneura vitifex1 or ! ,v9e-de/roy+ ,leaf-hopp]1 is yell[i%-:ite2 ! w+-cov]s h oblique conflu5t1 blood-r$ b&s1 & a %ort1 oblique1 black l9e on ! middle ( _! out] m>g94 ,! ?orax commonly has ?ree r$ /ripes1 ! middle "o =k$ ant]iorly & conflu5t1 ) two r$ /ripes on ! cr[n ( ! head4 ,:5 ! w+-cov]s are clos$1 !y look r$1 ) a cream-color$ spot1 %ap$ l a he>t plac$ ant]iorly1 & on ! middle1 a l>ge diamond-%ap$ spot1 ) a small r$ spot 9 its c5tre4 ,^! insects are sometimes se5 9 su* numb]s ^u ! grape v9es 9 ,septemb]1 t1 :5 ! leaves are di/urb$1 !y fly out & resemble a %[] ( sn[flakes4 ,! "y resemble _! p>5ts1 b are de/itute ( w+s4 ,a ,,rem$y is mu* ne$$4 ,ery?roneura vuln]ata1 7,fit*71 or ! ,w\nd$ ,treehopp]1 is tawny yell[i%1 sometimes t+$ ) r$2 ! w+-cov]s h :ite spots & ve9s1 & on ! middle ( ! out] m>g9 an oblique black /reak1 betwe5 two creamy :ite spots2 ! h9d "o small]1 & an oblique blood-r$ l9e at its end2 tips smoky-blacki%2 l5g? #j4ab in*2 ,septemb]4 ,otioc]us ,coqueb]tii1 is a slim fly ( yell[i%-:ite color1 ) a bright c>m9e-r$ /ripe along ea* side ( ! body & w+s1 :i* are widely =k$ beh9d4 ,l5g? #j4db in*2 ,july until autumn1 on ! wild grape v9e4 ,!re are a great _m insects ( ?is ord]1 :i* are famili> to mo/ c\ntry resid5ts on acc\nt ( _! unpleasant smell4 ,^! are ! true bugs1 & belong to ! sub-division call$ ,het]opt]\s ,hemipt]a4 ,! ,squa%-bug is a famili> illu/ration ( ^! insects2 x is call$ ! ,coreus tri/is1 f its sad dull color2 !y are q de/ructive to all plants ( ! ,squa% family4 ,r$uvius tr9otatus1 is "o ( ?is ord]1 :i* is a valuable aid to ! horticulturi/s1 because its suck] is arm$ ) %>p in/rum5ts1 t enable x to pi]ce & consume o!r insects1 _m ( :i* are de/roy$ by x4 ,?is insect has be5 introduc$ into ! ,we/ = ! sake ( its valuable s]vices4 ,,ord] ,,lepidopt]a4 ,! insects ( ?is ord] are v num]\s1 & 9 _! l>val or cat]pill> /ate !y are (t5 v de/ructive4 ,9 ! p]fect =m ( butt]flies & mo?s1 !y commit little or no depr$ations1 because _! jaws h be5 trans=m$ into a suck+ app>atus4 ,!y consume1 9 _! p]fect /ate1 little else ?an honey4 ,! ord] has be5 divid$ into ?ree great sections3 ,butt]flies1 ,papiliones2 ,hawk-mo?s1 ,sph+es2 & ,mo?s1 or ,nocturnes4 ,( ^!1 ! g]id con/itute a v di/9ct family1 resembl+ bees & wasps r ?an butt]flies2 _! cat]pill>s also diff]1 be+ bor]s1 & ne>ly nak$4 ,butt]flies are produc$ f cat]pill>s t are n g5]ally v injuri\s to our crops4 ,hawk-mo?s are l>ge insects1 & h great p[] ( flight2 _! cat]pill>s are l>ge & voraci\s4 ,x is ! mo?s prop]1 a v num]\s family1 :i* d u ! mo/ h>m1 & :i* w dem& ! l>ge/ %>e ( our att5tion4 ,!y v>y mu* 9 size & appe>ance4 ,"s ( ! females are de/itute ( w+s4 ,! ,arctians or ,woolly ,be>s1 are a v num]\s division ( ! tribe ( ,bombyces or ,sp9n]s1 s call$ f ! "n ( ! ,silk-worm2 "s ( ^! w be m5tion$4 ,orgyia leuco/igma1 or ! ,vapor] ,mo?1 is a v beautiful cat]pill>1 frequ5tly se5 ^u our fruit trees1 ?\gh n conf9$ to !m4 ,!y fe$ sep>ately1 & !re=e we c be/ de/roy !m 9 ! egg4 ,=tunately1 ^! may easily be f\nd dur+ ! w9t]1 = ! female1 be+ w+less1 nev] quits h] cocoon1 b deposits ! eggs 9 a mass ^u ! outside ( x4 ,! :ole contrivance is "o ( ! _m illu/rations ( ! wond]ful in/9ct ( insects4 ,:5 ab\t to sp91 ! worm secures two or m leaves1 by entw9+ h] silk ab\t _! /ems1 & also ar\nd ! woody twig ^u :i* !y gr[2 %e !n atta*es !m toge!r by b&s ( silk1 & sp9s h] cocoon betwe5 !m4 ,%e ?us secures a w9t] re/+ place = h] eggs1 & h] prog5y1 :5 !y hat* ! next summ]1 are ^u ! tree t furni%es !m _! appropriate food4 ,^! dead leaves w attract our att5tion dur+ ! w9t]1 & %\ld be ga!r$ & burn$4 ,_m ( ! cat]pill>s are de/roy$ by a little ,i*neumon-fly4 ,orgyia antiqua1 or ! ,ru/y ,vapor] ,mo?1 ( ,europe1 has be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 & has be5 q de/ructive to ?orn-h$ges 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,!y may become tr\blesome to our or*>ds4 ,sev]al ( ^! ,arctians1 or ,tig]-mo?s1 may be se5 ab\t our h\ses on a summ] ev5+1 z !y are *iefly nocturnal4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common is ,arctia phal]ata1 or ! ,h>ness$ ,mo?1 s call$ f ! m>k+s on its w+s4 ,ano!r di/9ctly m>k$ "o is ,callimorpha milit>is1 n[ call$ ,c4 ,lecontei4 ,beautiful illu/rations ( ^! are giv5 9 ,dr4 ,h>ris' ,report4 ,spilosoma ,virg9ica1 is ! beautiful ,:ite ,mo?1 or ,mill]1 t we see 9 ,may2 x is ! imago or p]fect insect ( a l>ge hairy cat]pill>1 ( a yell[i% color1 frequ5tly se5 9 our g>d5s1 & q de/ructive to vegetation4 ,hyphantria textor1 or ! ,fall ,web-worm1 is v tr\blesome ^u %rubs & trees dur+ ! summ] & fall4 ,!y are call$ ! ,web-worms f _! habit ( fe$+ greg>i\sly 9 l>ge numb]s1 & sp9n+ a web t envelopes ! leaves & ! :ole bran*1 z !y dev\r ! foliage4 ,?is insect commits sad ravages ^u our cultivat$ trees ( v>i\s k9ds1 = x is n a *oice fe$]1 consum+ b "o species1 l _m o!r insects4 ,_! mo/ common pa/ure is ! mulb]ry1 & ! relat$ ,osage ,orange is frequ5tly attack$4 ,! ,eld] bu%es appe> v attractive to !m1 & are (t5 cov]$ ) _! unsightly webs4 ,elms suff] v mu*2 our favorite fruit trees are attack$2 apples1 pe>s1 *]ries1 qu9ces1 &1 occasionally1 ev5 ! pea* trees are eat5 by !m4 ,ev5 ! repulsive ,ailantus1 :i* has (t5 be5 recomm5d$ z a wormless tree1 is gre$ily dev\r$ by ^! cat]pill>s1 not)/&+ its disagreeable odor4 ,! eggs1 f two to ?ree hundr$ 9 numb]1 are deposit$ on ! "u side ( a leaf1 ne> ! end ( a twig4 ,^! soon hat*1 & ! l>v comm5ce fe$+ on ! upp] surface1 sp9n+ _! ?reads f side to side1 & !n1 atta*+ two or ?ree leaves toge!r1 !y soon make a web4 ,!y cont9ue fe$+ & sp9n+ along ! twig1 z !y consume ! t5d] portion ( ! leaf1 leav+ ! m]e skeleton4 ,! cat]pill>s are small1 ( a pale yell[ color1 ) a broad blacki% /ripe on ! back1 & ano!r b5ea?4 ,!y are ?ickly clo!d ) :iti% hair2 ! head & feet are black4 ,worms ( ! same ne/ v>y 9 size & colors4 ,:5 ab\t an in* long1 !y disp]se1 & sp9 _! cocoons4 ,! mo? is milk :ite1 )\t any m>k+s on its w+s1 & is #a4be to #a4ce in* 9 wid?4 7,vide ,h>ris1 p4 #ceh74 ,?\gh call$ ! ,fall ,web-worm1 ^! cat]pill>s appe> ab\t ,c9c9nati 9 ! end ( ,may q abundantly1 & f t "t until ,octob]1 !y are m or less frequ5t2 mo/ s 9 ,augu/4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 !y may be lat]2 ,i h se5 l>ge tracts ( =e/ defoliat$ on ! lake %ore1 9 ,augu/1 #ahfe4 ,,rem$ies4--,= ! de/ruction ( ^! pe/s we mu/ resort to h&-pick+1 :5 !y are 9 ! cat]pill> /ate4 ,! twig or bran* %\ld be tak5 (f1 & ! worms cru%$ or burn$4 ,x is =tunate = u t !y are greg>i\s & t !y sp9 a web1 = we c detect !m :ile !y are yet "y1 & :5 conf9$ to "o or two leaves1 s t ! :ole brood may be de/roy$ ) v little ef=t4 ,birds1 & "s insects1 aid u 9 keep+ !m 9 *eck4 ,clisiocampa decipi5s1 7,walk]71 or ,c4 ,am]icana1 7,h>ris71 is commonly kn[n z ! ,t5t-cat]pill>1 or ,ne/-cat]pill>4 ,! l>v are n indiscrim9ate fe$]s1 b pref] ! foliage ( c]ta9 memb]s ( ! ,rosace\s family ( plants4 ,_! natural food appe>s to be ! common wild *]ry1 b !y attack ! apple s vigor\sly1 t !y are (t5 call$ ! apple tree worm4 ,mr4 ,fit* ?9ks !y d n fe$ ^u ! pea*2 b ,i h frequ5tly f\nd !m ^u ?is tree s9ce #ahee4 ,! mo? appe>s to be end[$ ) wond]ful in/9ct 9 deposit+ h] eggs2 select+ a t]m9al %oot t has complet$ its gr[?1 !y are plac$ to ! numb] ( #bjj or #cjj ar\nd x 9 a broad r+ or %ea?1 & cov]$ ) a sort ( v>ni% t protects !m4 ,v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! buds ( ! apple h j begun to swell1 ! eggs hat*1 & ! little worms trav]se ! twig1 sp9n+ a sl5d] ?read2 :5 !y rea* ano!r bran*1 !y halt 9 ! bifurcation1 &1 mov+ ab\t1 soon create a slight web ) ! silk5 ?reads1 & f ?is !y em]ge 9 se>* ( food1 sp9n+ a ?read along _! r\te1 & :5 !y return1 !y travel ab\t1 & ?us enl>ge _! web4 ,,rem$ies4--,^! insects may be attack$ 9 ! egg or 9 ! l>val /ate4 ,! =m] are s arrang$ z to be conspicu\s on ! nak$ spray at any "t dur+ ! w9t]--:5ev] se51 !y %\ld be brok5 or cut (f1 & c>ri$ to ! fire4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 we mu/ wat* = ! little t5ts 9 ! bifurcations ( ! limbs1 & remove ! ne/s ) all ! worms2 ?is may be done :5 !y are small1 by us+ ! ?umb & f+]2 if l>g]1 x is a disagreeable task1 b no or*>di/ %\ld hesitate :5 he recollects t six hundr$ leaves is a day's ration = "o colony4 ,!y c easily be ga!r$ 9 _! web1 ?r[n ^u ! gr\nd1 & cru%$ ) ! foot4 ,mr4 ,ne$ham1 ( ,massa*usetts1 has inv5t$1 :at he calls1 a cat]pill> sc\rge2 x is a little cone ( wood1 clo!d ) a piece ( wool-c>d4 ,?is is atta*$ to a pole3 :5 ?ru/ into ! web1 ! :ole ne/ is ga!r$ by ! c>d-tee? & br\ght d[n4 ,an old dry mulle9 /alk has (t5 be5 us$ = ! same purpose1 & "s recomm5d burn+ ! ne/1 or %oot+ x2 b ,i h m fai? 9 ?umb & f+] "w1 believ+ x to be m ?or\gh4 ,among ! natural enemies ( ^! cat]pill>s are ! ,tig]-beetles1 :i* a successful or*>di/ ( ,ill9ois uses sy/ematically = _! de/ruction4 ,he cat*es a beetle1 & puts x ^u a tree conta9+ a ne/ ( ! ,t5t-cat]pill>1 aft] :i* he f9ds ! worms soon disappe>4 ,ga/rophaca ,am]icana1 7,h>ris74--,! ,lappet-cat]pill>s are f\nd on apple trees4 ,! worms are flat1 & :5 at re/ on a limb1 !y (t5 escape obs]vation f _! gray color resembl+ ! b>k4 ,a fr+e ( hairs1 along _! sides1 gives !m ?is flat appe>ance4 ,!y fe$ only at night4 ,dr4 ,h>ris f\nd "s 9 ,septemb] t measur$ two & "o-half in*es 9 l5g?1 & above half an in* 9 bread?4 ,,saturnians1 ,,c]atocampians1 ,,zeuz]ians4 ,platysamia 7,attacus7 cecropia1 7,l9n471 ! ,cecropia ,emp]or ,mo?1 is f\nd z a l>ge cyl9drical1 pale gre5 worm1 ?ree or f\r in*es long1 & z ?ick z "o's ?umb1 & hav+ two r[s ( pale blue1 project+ po9ts along ea* side1 & two r[s ( pale yell[ ones ^u ! back1 ) f\r l>g]1 bright orange1 or r$ ones ant]iorly1 all end+ 9 little black prickles4 ,! mo? is l>ge2 its w+s d>k gray2 ea* has a l>ge :ite1 cresc5t l spot 9 ! c5tre1 m>g9$ ) r$1 & a r$ b& cross+ bo? w+s4 ,appe>s 9 ,june2 wid? five to sev5 in*es4 ,!re are o!rs ( ?is family ( noble mo?s ^: names h be5 indicat$ above1 b !y are n v de/ructive to ! or*>d4 ,!n come1 9 ,dr4 ,h>ris' classification1 ! ,zeuz]ians1 a gr\p ( mo?s :i*1 l g]ians among ! ,sph+es1 pi]ce ! roots & /ems ( trees4 ,among ^! is ,xyleutes 7,cossus7 rob9i1 or ! ,locu/-tree ,bor+-mo?4 ,! ,saturnians are a gr\p ( l>ge1 nak$ cat]pill>s1 :i* are g5]ally %ort1 ?ick1 clumsy1 & cyl9drical2 !y are leaf eat]s1 & "s ( !m1 :5 "y1 keep toge!r 9 families1 b sep>ate z !y become old]1 :5 !y sp9 l>ge silky cocoons sometimes among leaves1 :i* !y secure by silk to ! twigs1 sometimes atta*+ !m to ! /ems & limbs1 & at o!rs at1 or b5ea?1 ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is gr\p conta9s "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful mo?s1 ) l>ge woolly bodies1 & widely ext5d$1 highly color$ & ornam5t$ w+s4 ,!y lay a great _m eggs2 "s females deposit sev]al hundr$s4 ,/ill !y are seldom s num]\s z to commit s]i\s deva/ations4 ,among ^! are ! ,telea ,polyphemus1 ,trop aluna1 ,callosamia ,prome!a1 ,platysamia cecropia1 7=m]ly kn[n "u ! g5us ,attacus1 :i* is n[ re/rict$ to ! imm5se ,a4 ,atlas1 & ano!r species ( ,*9a71 & ! ,eu*ronia ,maia1 & ,hyp]*iria v>ia1 7=m]ly kn[n "u ! g5us ,saturnia1 :i* is n[ reta9$ = sev]al ,european species74 ,! latt] species1 7,h4 v>ia71 has be5 g5]ally kn[n among u "u ! "n ( ,saturnia ,io1 b accord+ to ,dr4 ,pack>d1 7:o publi%$ 'a ,synopsis ( ! ,bombycid ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1' 9 ! ,?ird ,volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,entomological ,society ( ,philadelphia71 our species has be5 conf\nd$ by au?ors ) ,cram]'s species ',io1' f ,s\? ,am]ica1 & :i* belongs to a diff]5t g5us4--,e4,t4 ,cresson1 ,mss4 ,^! mo?s may yet become valuable = ! production ( a k9d ( silk1 z !y are enclos$ 9 l>ge cocoons1 ! fibres ( :i* surpass ^? ( ! ,silk-worm 9 /r5g?1 & might be employ$ 9 ! =mation ( fabrics1 simil> to ^? manufactur$ 9 ,india f ! ,tusseh & ,arr9dy ,silk-worms1 ! /r5g? & durability ( :i* are prov]bial4 ,mr4 ,pulle91 :o exp]im5t$ ) ! cocoons ( ! ,cecropia f\nd t tw5ty ?reads ( ?is silk1 twi/$ toge!r1 w\ld su/a9 ne>ly an ounce m 9 weight ?an ! same numb] ( common silk4--7,vide ,h>ris1 pp4 #bie-cjc47 ,psy*id are curi\s cat]pill>s1 :i*1 be+ nak$1 cov] !mselves dur+ ! l>va /ate ) a case t protects _! bodies1 ?\gh op5 at bo? ends1 & :i* !y c>ry ab\t ) !m2 ^! cases are made up ( fragm5ts ( leaves1 g5]ally ! /ems & ve9s1 :i* !y connect toge!r by ?reads ( silk4 ,! ,g]mans call !m ,sack-be>]s4 ,huebn] call$ !m ,cphor1 or ,basket-c>ri]s1 because ! cases1 (t5 made ( little /icks1 resemble a basket4 ,"o g5us is call$ ,oeceticus1 or ,h\se-insect2 & ! common species1 :i*1 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 commits great deva/ation ^u ! leaves ( trees1 is call$ ! ,drop-worm1 or ! ,basket-worm1 9 _m places4 ,we h sev]al g5]a & species belong+ to ?is sub-family1 ! mo/ common ( :i* are ! ,?yridopt]yx ephem]a=mis1 & ,oeceticus conif]>um4 ,! be/ means = ! de/ruction ( ?is pe/ consi/ 9 p]sev]+ ef=ts = _! individual de/ruction2 ea* case %\ld be cut or torn (f 9 ! w9t]1 :5 !y %[ v pla9ly ^u decidu\s trees2 !y may be cru%$1 b _h bett] be committ$ to ! flames4 ,! ,notodontians are s call$ f a hump or horn1 :i* rises f ! top ( ! f\r? r+ ( ! cat]pill>2 ! tail is always rais$ :5 ! insect is at re/4 ,"o ( ^! is call$1 f its horn1 ,coelodasys 7,notodonta7 unicornis4 ,"s species consume ! foliage ( our fruit trees1 p>ticul>ly ! apple & qu9ce2 "o ( ^!1 ! ,datana m9i/ra1 7! ,eumetopona m9i/ra ( ,fit*1 or ! ,pygra m9i/ra ( ,h>ris71 w be notic$ bel[4 ,eudryas grata1 & ,e4 unio4--,! ,beautiful ,wood-nymph1 & ! ,pe>l ,wood-nymph4--,! worms are v mu* alike1 & resemble ! ,spott$ ,=re/]4 ,! mo?s come =? 9 ,july2 ! =e-w+s are milk :ite1 bord]$ beh9d & on ! out] side1 f ! base to ! middle1 ) ru/y br[n1 edg$ on ! inn] side ) gre5i% olive2 h9d-w+s nanke5 yell[1 ) a blacki%-br[n bord]4 ,^! worms are be/ remov$ by h&-pick+4 ,datana m9i/ra1 or ! ,h&-maid ,mo?4--,! mo?s are tr\blesome visitors to ! ev5+ /ud5t 9 ,june2 !y are br[n1 hairy1 ?ick-bodi$1 & measure r m ?an an in* across ! w+s4 ,?is creature is de/9$ to give u a great deal ( tr\ble by h] prog5y1 = %e deposits h] num]\s eggs on ! "u side ( ! leaf on a twig ( qu9ce1 apple1 & *]ry trees1 :]e !y hat* into worms1 t1 dur+ _! exi/5ce ( ab\t f\r weeks1 consume imm5se quantities ( foliage1 (t5 /ripp+ ! trees b>e4 ,! worms fe$ greg>i\sly1 ly+ side by side 9 solid phalanx4 ,!y are ( a d>k br[n 9 _! y\ng] /ate1 b become light] & m cle>ly m>k$ at ea* successive m\lt+1 s t !y are di/9ctly /rip$ ) black & yell[4 ,! peculi> "* ( ?is worm is1 t :5 at re/1 ! head & tail are c>ri$ up 9 ! air1 or recurv$ ov] ! body1 :i* is support$ by ! six prop legs plac$ ne> ! middle4 ,:5 di/urb$1 ^! cat]pill>s (t5 ?r[ _! heads f side to side1 z ?\gh 9 ang]4 ,!y are sp>+ly furni%$ ) hairs1 & !y sp9 b little2 ?\gh :5 "y1 ! worms w sometimes drop f ! leaves :5 di/urb$1 & hang susp5d$ by a f9e /r& ( silk4 ,at full size1 ^! creatures are an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s to two in*es long1 & z ?ick z a goose quill1 s t we c readily imag9e ! am\nt ( de/ruction :i* may be committ$ by "o ( ^! armies or family gr\ps ( "o to two hundr$ worms4 ,,treatm5t4--,con/ant vigilance is requir$ on ! "p ( ! or*>di/1 & unremitt+ ef=ts :ile ! insect is 9 ! l>val condition4 ,=tunately = u1 _! habits are su* z to aid u 9 a rem>kable way4 ,!y may be look$ = 9 ,july1 b !y become num]\s only ab\t ! end ( ,augu/1 & 9 ,septemb]4 ,"s late broods may be se5 on ! access ( e>ly fro/s1 b by ! end ( ,septemb]1 ! worms g5]ally p]fect _! gr[?1 & desc5d into ! e>? to und]go _! *anges = ! next season1 :5 ! mo?s w aga9 appe>4 ,:5 we may be inspect+ our or*>ds1 9 ! summ] & autumn1 we %\ld obs]ve any defective foliage1 z ?is is (t5 an indication ( ! inroads ( insects4 ,if our trees h be5 neglect$1 we may be al>m$ by obs]v+ "s ( ! ?riftie/ %oots & bran*es q /ripp$ ( _! leaves2 &1 ly+ along ! /ems1 or cr[d$ toge!r1 we %all see ^! unpleasant worms1 unless !y be =ag+ ^u an adjo9+1 or sometimes ^u q a di/ant bran*2 =1 9 *ang+ _! pa/ure1 !y desc5d "o twig & pass out ^u ano!r1 :i* may div]ge consid]ably f ! fir/4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( _! exi/5ce1 h[ev]1 ! little worms consume only ! upp] surface ( ! leaves1 & x is at ?is p]iod t we may mo/ advantage\sly attack !m4 ,! leaves t h ?us _h _! sub/ance erod$ become dry & :iti%1 & attract our att5tion4 ,!y are g5]ally f\nd ^u a s+le twig or spray1 usually a lat]al1 & x %\ld at once be exam9$1 z we may n[ easily de/roy ! :ole brood by roll+ a s+le leaf betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]4 ,,noctu1 ,,or ,,owlet-,,mo?s1 ,,cut-,,worms4 ,! p]fect insects are ?ick-bodi$1 & ( dull colors2 !y fly at night4 ,! cat]pill>s are nak$1 live 9 ! soil1 & fe$ above gr\nd at night1 :5 !y d consid]able damage4 ,! common ,cut-worm1 ,agrotis1 is an illu/ration4 ,!re are sev]al sorts1 :i* h receiv$ diff]5t names1 b ! worms all h v simil> habits4 ,! mo?s are suppos$ to lay _! eggs 9 ,july1 :5 !y soon hat* & fe$ dur+ ! season2 !y atta9 consid]able size & hyb]nate 9 ! soil4 ,,rem$ies4--,fall & w9t] pl[+ has be5 recomm5d$1 z x exposes ! worms to ! birds1 & to ! wea!r1 b especially because x de/roys ! vegetation ^u :i* !y might subsi/ 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,! only safe way1 is to wat* _! traces among our plants1 & dig d[n beside !m1 f9d ! worm1 & de/roy x4 ,?\gh ?is does n re/ore ! plant already kill$1 we prev5t fur!r damage1 & may hope to ?us dim9i% ! pe/ 9 future ye>s1 :i* is no small matt]4 ,a k ( _! nocturnal habits has induc$ "s g>d5]s to g among _! "y plants ) a lamp or c&le at night1 :5 !y may f9d ! cat]pill>s fe$+4 ,a few *oice plants may be protect$ by wrapp+ _! /ems ) a /rip ( pap]1 or a /\t leaf1 7hickory71 at ! "t ( transplant+ into infe/$ gr\nds2 ?is w save !m4 ,tobacco wat] has be5 f\nd v effective1 appli$ to ! plants1 :i* x does n injure4 ,mame/ra arctica1 7,had5a amica1 ( ,h>ris1 & ,h4 amputatrix1 ( ,fit*71 is a ,cut-worm ( a br[ni% color1 ab\t "o & a half in* long4 ,x is sometimes q de/ructive 9 ! nurs]y & g>d51 asc5d+ woody plants1 & cutt+ !m (f :]e succul5t1 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,x c only be *eck$ by seek+ = x1 9 ! soil1 ne> ! base ( ! plants affect$4 ,all ^! ,cut-worms are eat5 by birds1 among :i* ! cr[ is a valuable aid to ! f>m]1 & %\ld be *]i%$ = 8 s]vices in/ead ( be+ condemn$ z a bird ( ill-om54 ,pr$aci\s insects also consume numb]s ( !m2 "o ( ^! is ! l>va ( a beetle1 ,h>palus calag9osus4 ,a l>ge ,i*neumon-fly has be5 f\nd hunt+ aft] ! worms1 & is consid]$ _! natural enemy4 ,,geomet]s1 ,,span-,,worms1 ,,cank]-,,worms4 ,! measur+ worms take _! "n f _! peculi> me?od ( locomotion2 hav+ _! legs at ea* end ( _! long bodies1 !y walk by progressive leaps1 ar*+ up _! backs by br++ _! h9d-legs =w>d1 & !n ?ru/+ _! heads out to _! full l5g?4 ,_m ( !m drop f ! trees1 & hang susp5d$ by a ?read ( silk1 :5 di/urb$1 or :5 seek+ ! e>? to und]go _! trans=mations4 ,"s ( !m are nak$1 or h few hairs2 mo/ are smoo?1 (t5 /rip$1 or ( an uni=m color1 l ! b>k ( ! trees on :i* !y fe$4 ,! mo?s are sl5d]-bodi$2 ! w+s l>ge2 ( "s ! females h no w+s4 ,^! are ! ,hyb]nians1 includ+ ! ,cank]-worm1 ,anisopt]ix v]nata4 ,^! cat]pill>s are v num]\s & de/ructive2 !y d n fe$ greg>i\sly1 & are difficult to combat 9 t =m4 ,! pup are "u gr\nd1 &1 z ! female mo?s are w+less1 & mu/ asc5d ! trees to deposit _! eggs1 we c de/roy !m 9 ! p]fect =m by meet+ !m on ! highway !y h to pass4 ,+5i\s devices h be5 inv5t$ = ?is purpose2 among ! mo/ effective ( ^! are vessels ( oil1 fa/5$ closely ar\nd ! bole ( ! tree4 ,! mo?s em]ge f ! gr\nd 9 e>ly spr+1 b _m come out dur+ pleasant mild days 9 ! w9t]1 & "s ev5 9 ! autumn2 s ! rem$ies mu/ be appli$ e>ly to be ( any use4 ,h>ris describes a small] species z ! ,anisopt]ix pomet>ia4 ,hyb]nia tili>ia1 or ! ,span-worm ( ! ,l9d51 is abundant 9 ,june1 gr[+ to ! l5g? ( an in* & a half4 ,a belt ( t>1 appli$ to ! trees1 has be5 f\nd effective 9 prev5t+ ! asc5t ( ! w+less females2 ?is ne$s r5ew+ daily1 until ! season ( _! ris+ has pass$4 ,ellopia ribe>ia1 or ! ,currant-mo?1 0 figur$ & describ$ by ,fit* z ! ,abraxas8 ribe>ia1 9 ,new ,york ,reports = #ahef4 ,! worm is light yell[1 ) black dots4 ,x eats ! leaves ( currants & gooseb]ries1 9 ,june4 ,! mo? asc5ds f ! gr\nd 9 ,july2 x is nanke5-yell[2 q a common insect 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x mu/ h "s natural enemies1 =1 :]e v abundant "o ye>1 x sometimes disappe>s altoge!r ! next4 ,h&-pick+ is ! only rem$y kn[n1 & ?is is q a t$i\s process4 ,,tortrices1 ,,delta ,,mo?s1 ,,or ,,leaf-,,roll]s4 ,! ,leaf-roll]s are a num]\s tribe1 & "s ( !m are tr\blesome ^u our cultivat$ trees & v9es4 ,!y curl up ! edge ( ! leaf ^u :i* !y fe$1 & fa/5 x ) little b&s ( silk1 & ?us %elt] !mselves f ! wea!r & f _! enemies4 ,!y are nak$ worms1 & g5]ally light color$1 & exce$+ly active4 ,"s live 9 ! unfold+ leaves & fl[]-buds1 fa/5+ !m toge!r s !y _c exp&1 :ile !y dev\r ! t5d] tissues4 ,"s ent] ! "y fruit1 :i* !y cause to rip5 & fall prematurely4 ,! mo?s are g5]ally small1 (t5 prettily m>k$1 & fly only 9 ! ev5+4 ,loxotnia rosaceana1 7,h>ris71 is f\nd soon aft] ! buds ( ! apple beg9 to exp&4 ,!y curl up & fa/5 !m toge!r1 & d consid]able damage4 ,p5?9a oculana1 7,h>ris71 has simil> habits1 & preys ^u ! apple2 bo? mu/ be kill$ by h&4 ,bra*yto5ia melania1 or ! ,_m-dott$ ,apple ,leaf-worm1 is m5tion$ by ,fit*#dj z eat+ holes 9 ! leaves1 9 ,june & ,septemb]4 ,x is r ?ick1 light gre51 an in* & a qu>t] long1 ) five :ite l9es & num]\s :ite dots2 ! worms sp9 _! cocoons 9 a leaf4 ,!re are two crops4 ,loxotnia c]asivorana1 7,fit*71 or ! ,*]ry ,tortrix1 is a deep yell[ worm1 ) black head & feet4 ,f\nd 9 ,july1 fa/5+ ! leaves toge!r & liv+ 9 families1 =m+ a l>ge ne/4#da ,desmia maculalis1 or ! ,spott$-w+$ ,sable1 or ,grape ,leaf-fold]1 is a sl5d]1 active gre5 worm1 t fe$s ^u & disfigures ! leaves ( our grape v9es1 roll+ !m ) great regul>ity1 & fa/5+ !m ) /rong b&s ( beautiful :ite silk4 ,! pupa is =m$ )9 ! roll$ leaf4 ,^! worms beg9 9 ,june1 b cont9ue to fold ! leaves dur+ ! season ( gr[?4 ,!y c be de/roy$ by h&-pick+1 b x requires quickness & dext]ity1 z ! worm escapes f ei!r end ( ! op5 pipe :5 di/urb$4 ,! w>bl]s are v fond ( !m1 & de/roy a great _m4 ,c>pocapsa pomonella1 or ! ,codl+-mo?1 is "o ( ^! ,tortrices1 :i* gives great tr\ble4 ,x has be5 introduc$ f ,europe1 b is /eadily increas+ z our or*>ds gr[ old]1 until we n[ h few p]fect fruit4 ,! mo? appe>s e>ly 9 ! summ] to lay ! eggs ( ! fir/ crop ( worms4 ,?is insect is figur$ & describ$ by diff]5t au?ors1 among :om ,dr4 ,trimble1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 has paid x especial att5tion 9 8 rec5t "w4 ,! eggs are dropp$ s+ly ^u ! blossom end ( ! apple1 t af=ds an entrance to ! "y worm1 :i* passes to ! core1 ab\t :i* x consumes ! pulp & ! se$s4 ,! worm is :iti%1 becom+ fle%-color$4 ,9 w>m wea!r x atta9s its gr[? 9 ?ree or f\r weeks1 & makes its exit by gnaw+ ?r\gh ! side ( ! fruit4 ,x in/9ctively seeks ! /em ( ! tree to secrete itself "u ! scales ( b>k1 & ?is af=ds u an opportunity to de/roy x 9 ! pupa /ate1 = x w creep "u any %elt] t may be put 9 its way4 ,! ,,rem$ies w dep5d ^u ! habits ( ! insect4 ,! mo?1 be+ nocturnal1 may be de/roy$ by burn+ lamps or fires 9 ! or*>d dur+ ,june1 :5 !y are fir/ at "w2 *eap coal-oil may be us$ = ! purpose4 ,! pup c be entrapp$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 by putt+ a piece ( old rag 9 ! crot* ( ! tree1 b5ea? :i* ! worms w crawl to sp9 _! cocoons1 :5 !y may easily be de/roy$4 ,dr4 ,trimble has us$ a trap1 made by twi/+ a hay rope & fa/5+ x ab\t ! trunk ( ! tree2 "u ! rope imm5se numb]s w be f\nd4 ,?is trap %\ld be exam9$ =tnightly1 z ! mo?s hat* out dur+ hot wea!r 9 a %ort] "t ?an lat] 9 ! season1 :5 "s rema9 ov] w9t] 9 ! pupal /ate4 ,all wormy fruit %\ld be ga!r$ z soon z x falls f ! trees1 & ei!r be boil$1 or at once f$ to sw9e4 ,hogs & %eep1 kept 9 ! or*>d1 w g5]ally consume ! fruit z fa/ z !y fall to ! gr\nd2 & ?is is ! simple/ & *eape/ me?od ( de/roy+ ! worms4 ,*to*ilus pometellus1 7,h>ris71 is commonly call$ ! ,palm]-worm4 ,x fe$s ^u ! leaves ( our or*>d & =e/ trees 9 ,june4 ,sometimes x appe>s 9 imm5se numb]s1 &1 com+ aft] ! p]iod = ! production ( new leaves1 great damage is done to ! trees2 old trees1 & limbs ( y\ng] ones1 are sometimes kill$4 ,!re h be5 two celebrat$ invasions ( ?is insect 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 ^? ( #agia & ( #ahec4db ,,grape ,,v9e ,,fe$]s4 ,grape v9es are subject to ! attacks ( _m lepidopt]\s insects4 ,dr4 ,h>ris gives ! hi/ory ( sev5 ,am]ican l>v1 mo/ly ( l>ge mo?s1 :i* fe$ ^u grape leaves4 ,pt]ophorus p]iscelidactylus1 or ! ,g>t]$ ,grape v9e ,plume1 is a pale gre5 worm1 half an in* long1 :i* hides itself 9 a holl[ ball ( leaves1 fa/5$ toge!r ) silk5 ?reads4 ,x is describ$ at l5g? by ,dr4 ,fit*1 9 ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,transactions4 ,ohis myron1 7,*rocampa pamp9atrix1 ( ,h>ris71 call$ also ! ,v9e ,dress]1 is some:at tr\blesome 9 ! v9ey>ds1 z x eats ! leaves1 & cuts (f ! bun*es ( grapes :5 half gr[n4 ,?is worm is ?ick1 cyl9drical1 tap]+ ant]iorly1 pale gre51 freckl$ ) pale yell[ dots1 &1 :5 mature1 a pale dusky olive2 #b4be in*es long4 ,! pupa is f\nd "u leaves on ! gr\nd2 ! mo? em]ges 9 ,june4 ,philampelus satellita1 & ,p4 ,a*emon1 ! ,satellite & ,a*emon ,sph+es1 are l>ge gre5 worms t fe$ ^u ! v9e4 ,!y bury !mselves 9 ! gr\nd :5 go+ into ! pupa /ate1 & rema9 until ! next ,july4 ,! worms are se5 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,procris ,am]icana1 or ! ,am]ican ,=re/]1 is f\nd fe$+ ^u ! grape leaves at mid-summ]1 7,june #bb74 ,! worms fe$ greg>i\sly on ! surface ( a leaf1 "s tw5ty side by side1 leav+ only a skeleton beh9d !m :5 small1 & consum+ ! leaf :5 old]4 ,!y are small1 #j4fj in* long2 yell[i%4 ,! mo? is blue-black1 ) a bright orange neck4 ,alypia #h-maculata1 or ! ,eight-spott$ ,=re/]1 is a light blue worm1 #a4be in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!y leave ! v9es 9 ,july1 & sp9 a web on ! gr\nd2 ! mo? appe>s 9 ,may2 x is black1 ) orange %anks2 ea* ( ! =e-w+s has two l>ge1 light yell[ spots2 ! h9d-w+s h two :ite ones4 ,wid? #a1 to #a4ej in*4 ,,g]ians4 g]ia exitiosa1 7,say71 or ,tro*ilium exitiosum1 is well kn[n 9 its l>val /ate z ! ,pea* tree ,bor]1 & is (t5 s de/ructive z to kill ! trees4 ,! habits ( ! worm z a bor]1 & its situation at ! base ( ! tree1 are some:at simil> to ^? ( ! apple tree bor]2 b :ile t is ! footless grub ( a beetle1 ?is is a true cat]pill>1 ! l>va ( a butt]fly or mo?1 ) feet4 ,! females deposit _! eggs f ,june to ,octob]1 plac+ !m ^u ! b>k at ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 sometimes 9 ! =ks ( ! l>ge limbs4 ,! l>va ent]s1 & works d[nw>d2 fir/ consum+ ! b>k1 b aft]w>ds erod+ ! wood also4 ,gum exudes f ! w\nd1 mix$ ) _! ca/+s1 & indicates _! pres5ce4 ,:5 ready to ent] ! pupa =m1 ! worms come to ! surface1 excavate a holl[ 9 ! wood1 & prep>e a t\gh lea!ry follicle or pod1 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 9 :i* !y repose z pup4 ,?is1 or an analag\s insect1 attacks ! plum tree1 & behaves 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! d\ble-fl[]+ ,almond ( our %rubb]ies is also attack$ by ! bor]4 ,! p]fect insect looks m l a wasp ?an a butt]fly1 = ! w+s ( all ?is gr\p are p>tially cle> ( fea!rs1 & transp>5t4 ,x v>ies 9 size f a half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & f eight-t5?s to "o & ?ree-t5?s ( an in* across4 ,! female v>ies m ?an ! male1 & h] w+s are l>g] 9 proportion to ! body1 :i* is heavi]4 ,! male is ( a deep /eel-blue color1 ) sulphur-yell[ m>ks1 & glossy lu/]4 ,! w+s are transp>5t & glossy2 ! ve9s m>g9$ & fr+$ /eel-blue4 ,,rem$ies w dep5d ^u ! habits ( ! insect1 & mu/ be direct$ to ! pupa & l>va1 ?\gh valuable prev5tives are applicable to ! p]fect insect4 ,! worms may be s\ght out by scrap+ away ! gum & cutt+ ! dead b>k until we f9d !m1 (t5 along ! ma9 roots2 ! follicles ) ! pup %\ld also be s\ght4 ,?is "w c be done 9 ! autumn & spr+2 if at ! =m] season1 ! remov$ e>? %\ld be left away f ! /em1 :5 coal t> may be appli$ to de/roy any worms left 9 ! tree & to act z a prev5tive aga9/ future attacks1 b ?is sub/ance %\ld be us$ ) great caution4 ,if appli$1 ! e>? %\ld be ?r[n back to ! tree4 ,boil+ soap-suds has be5 us$ ) good effects4 ,,prev5tives are sometimes bett] ?an cures1 & 9 ?is case !y h be5 v successfully us$4 ,!y all consi/ 9 means to keep ! mo? f deposit+ h] eggs 9 ! "p ( ! tree :]e1 alone1 ! bor]s c be h>mful4 ,"s raise a little m\nd ( e>? ab\t ! tree 9 ! spr+1 & all[ x to rema9 !re all summ]4 ,! fir/ application ( ?is pr9ciple consi/$ 9 plac+ a *imney crock ab\t ! base ( ! "y tree :5 plant$2 into ?is coal a%es1 c9d]s1 or ev5 gravel 0 plac$1 :i* protect$ ! base ( ! tree4 ,9 ! autumn ! crock 0 lift$1 & ! mat]ials scatt]$4 ,an op5 box1 made ( f\r bits ( bo>d1 tack$ toge!r1 answ]$ ! same purpose4 ,a cone ( co>se br[n pap]1 ti$ ab\t ! tree ) groc]s' /r+1 or pa/$ ^u ! tree itself1 :5 appli$1 w answ] a v good purpose 9 keep+ (f ! fly4 ,a small portion ( sulphur ?r[n ab\t ! tree is said to h ! desir$ effect1 b ! /atem5t has n be5 confirm$ by trial4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ to plant ,tansy ) e pea* tree1 b d\bt atta*es itself to ?is sugge/ion also4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 = ,febru>y1 #ahfe1 is a notice ( a pea* tree protector made ( %eet-iron1 l a /ove-pipe2 & 9 ! ,april numb]1 ,mr4 ,b\?orpe1 ( ,massa*usetts1 says1 he _h us$ a simil> app>atus made ( z9c1 eight in*es long1 & twice ! size ( ! tree1 :i* 0 ( easy application2 ! conta9$ space next ! tree 0 to be fill$ ) loose dirt4 ,!y 7 f\nd to be a p]fect protection4 g]ia tipuli=mis1 7,l9n471 or ! ,currant ,bor]1 has be5 import$ f ,europe4 ,! eggs are laid ne> a bud2 :5 hat*$1 ! worms p5etrate ! pi? ( "y %oots1 kill+ !m4 g]ia pyri is m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,h>ris#dc z hav+ done a good deal ( damage to pe> trees1 by bor+ "u ! b>k4 ,! p]fect insect resembles t ( ! ,currant ,bor]1 & makes its appe>ance ne> ! end ( summ]1 leav+ its *rysalis sk9 project+ f ! hole 9 ! b>k1 :5ce x _h escap$4 g]ia poli/=mis1 or ,grape ,v9e ,bor]1 is m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,glov] 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahed1 p4 #hj4 ,he _h receiv$ x f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :]e x 0 v de/ructive to all v9es1 except ! ,scupp]nong4 ,?is insect has become r common 9 ! v9ey>ds ab\t ,c9c9nati1 & its depr$ations1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l>ge size ( ! cat]pill>1 are v s]i\s4 ,! eggs are laid ne> ! roots ( ! v9e1 & ! l>v bore into ! b>k & wood dur+ ! summ]1 consum+ !m s completely1 t ! v9e sick5s & dies1 & (t5 breaks (f at ! gr\nd1 or j bel[ ! surface4 ,:5 fully gr[n1 !y measure f an in* to an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 l5g?1 are ?ick & :iti%1 & !y =m a pod-l *rysalis1 simil> to t ( ! ,pea* ,tree ,bor]1 b )9 or beside ! injur$ roots4 ,! mo?s are ( a d>k br[n color1 t+$ ) tawny-orange1 & b&$ ) bright yell[ on ! edge ( ! second r+ ( ! body2 ! =e-w+s are dusky1 & ! h9d ones transp>5t4 ,,rem$ies4--,no effectual me?ods ( prev5tion are kn[n2 b x is well to inspect ! v9es1 & :5 ! pres5ce ( ! insects is suspect$1 exam9e ! roots1 to f9d & de/roy ! worms4 ,,neuropt]a1 ,,hym5opt]a1 ,,& ,,dipt]a4 ,^! sev]al ord]s w be introduc$ toge!r = conv5i5ce1 z !y may be dispos$ ( 9 a brief] m5tion ?an "s ( _! pr$ecessors2 because !y d n conta9 s _m species t are noxi\s by prey+ ^u our cultivat$ plants4 ,"s are ev5 ( advantage to u by _! c>nivor\s prop5sities4 ,among ! ,neuropt]a are sev]al :i* are aquatic 9 _! l>val condition1 b :5 w+$1 !y dev\r _m insects2 among ^! are ! ,dragon-flies1 commonly call$ ,devil's-ne$les by ! *ildr51 :o dread !m1 b !y are h>mless creatures4 ,! ,ant-lions 7 ref]r$ to "u ! head ( ,aphids1 9 ! consid]ation ( ! ord] ,hemipt]a1 z mo/ voraci\s de/roy]s ( ,plant-lice4 ,ref]5ce 0 also made to ! ,lace-w+$ ,flies1 ,hem]obius1 :i*1 9 ! l>val /ate1 consume imm5se numb]s ( ! same pe/s4 ,a few ( ^! insects are injuri\s2 among !m are ! ,:ite-ants1 ,wood-lice1 & ! ,wood-ticks1 :i* are annoy+1 ?\gh !y d n affect our crops4 ,( ! ,hym5opt]a !re are _m :i*1 9 a p]fect /ate1 consume ! juices ( our *oice fruits1 z well z ! poll5 & honey ( fl[]s4 ,_! s]vices among ^! la/1 z aids 9 f]tiliz+ ! g]ms1 is (t5 ( great importance to ! fruit-gr[]4 ,b1 :ile ackn[l$g+ our gratitude to _m = ?is s]vice1 & to ! indu/ri\s bee = ga!r+ abundant /ores ( ! nect>$ sweets1 we h a s]i\s *>ge to br+ aga9/ ! family = _! depr$ations4 ,! wasps especially are (t5 tr\blesome1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! v9ey>d1 & _! /+s are annoy+4 ,"s ants are q injuri\s4 ,! l>v ( "s species are de/ructive z wood bor]s & z leaf-eat]s1 & o!rs cause an excresc5ce or w>ty gr[? ^u ! twigs & leaves :]e ! eggs h be5 deposit$2 ^! are call$ ,gall-flies4 ,! great b5efits r5d]$ by a v l>ge class ( insects 9 ?is ord]1 h[ev]1 may comp5sate = all ! evil done by ! o!rs4 ,i ref] to ! tribe ( ,i*neumon-flies ( sev]al g5]a4 ,"s ( ^! are v small1 & deposit _! eggs )9 o!r insects1 :]e !y hat* & de/roy !m by fe$+ ^u _! juices4 ,_m ( ! wasps are pr$ace\s1 & de/roy num]\s insects to fe$ _! l>v4 ,"s ( ^! ex]cise a wond]ful in/9ct 9 prep>+ & secur+ ?is food = _! "y1 :i* is /or$ up 9 safe caskets ) ! egg1 & are ready to s]ve z food to ! "y l>v4 ,! ,dipt]a1 or two-w+$ insects1 =m an ext5sive ord]1 conta9+ _m species1 & ^! are compos$ ( v num]\s individuals4 ,flies & mosquitos are exce$+ly annoy+ to man & animals1 & _m species1 9 ! l>val /ate1 consume vegetable matt]s2 b ev5 "h !y are (t5 ( use 9 consum+ decay$ vegetation1 & l _m o!rs ( ! ord] may be consid]$ scav5g]s1 consum+1 z !y d1 imm5se quantities ( fil? & c>rion1 t w\ld o!rwise cont9ue to ta9t ! air & produce disease4 ,"s ( ! mo/ de/ructive insects ( ?is ord] are ! ,gall-gnats1 among :i* are ! ,:eat-fly & ! ,hessian-fly1 :i* (t5 sadly int]f]e ) ! f>m]'s prospects4 ,a few insects w n[ be notic$ m 9 detail4 ,sel&ria c]asi1 or ,bl5nocampa c]asi1 is ! common ,slug ( ! *]ry & pe> trees1 & q a tr\blesome hym5opt]\s insect4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^! little creatures are s num]\s z to /rip ! sub/ance f ! foliage ( pe>s & *]ries4 ,our ,slug resembles ! ,sel&ria oe?iops ( ,europe1 b is decl>$ to be diff]5t4 ,! l>v are at fir/ :ite1 b ! slimy sub/ance t oozes f _! bodies cov]s !m ) an olive coat+4 ,!y h tw5ty v %ort legs2 :5 fully gr[n1 ! l>ge/ are ab\t n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( an in* long4 ,! head is conceal$ "u ! =e "p ( ! body1 :i* is l>ge/ be=e1 & tap]s beh9d4 ,!y atta9 _! gr[? 9 tw5ty days1 ca/+ _! sk9s five times1 eat+ !m until ! la/ "t1 aft] :i* !y rema9 free f viscidity1 & are ( a cle> yell[ color4 ,!y leave ! tree & ent] ! gr\nd to ! dep? ( "o or ?ree in*es1 to =m _! *rysalids4 ,9 ?ree days !y come up z flies1 9 ,july & ,augu/1 to lay eggs = a second brood1 ! pup ( :i* rema9 9 ! gr\nd dur+ ! w9t]4 ,ano!r insect ( ?is g5us is v de/ructive to our rose bu%es2 x is call$ ,sel&ria ros4 ,sel&ria vitis1 is a species t appe>s ^u our grape v9es1 & is q tr\blesome 9 "s v9ey>ds 9 ,july4 ,!y fe$ 9 companies ( a doz5 or m4 ,,rem$ies4--,%ak+ !m (f ! leaves has be5 recomm5d$1 b does n promise to be effectual4 ,:5 few1 !y %\ld be s\ght = & cru%$1 to prev5t _! increase4 ,?\gh tr\blesome1 ?is may be effectually done1 & _! ravages leave traces t w direct u to ! leaves :i* conta9 !m4 ,:5 m num]\s1 ! foliage may be syr+$ ) common soapsuds1 or ) ! :ale oil soap1 two p\nds to fifte5 gallons ( wat]4 ,air-slak$ lime has be5 du/$ ^u !m ) good effect2 a%es1 & ev5 dry du/ f ! road1 w de/roy !m1 by adh]+ to ! slimy surface4 ,^! applications are be/ made :5 ! foliage is wet aft] a %[]1 or ) ! dew4 ,! great difficulty consi/s 9 _! habit ( go+ "u ! leaves1 & ?us be+ protect$4 ,mr4 ,p>kman1 ! not$ rose fanci]1 has f\nd a mixture ( soap & petroleum ( great s]vice1 z x kills ! slugs )\t injur+ ! buds & foliage4 ,to a gallon ( s(t soap he adds two-?irds ( a p9t ( petroleum1 mixes !m ?or\ghly1 & dissolves 9 half a b>rel ( wat]2 to be appli$ ) a syr+e4 ,dipt]a4--,dr4 ,fit* describes z a new species ,malobrus mali4 ,he f\nd !m 9 a fruit t _h be5 p]=at$ by ! ,codl+-mo?4 ,! l>v are transp>5t2 ! flies resemble ! ,hessian-fly1 t de/roys ! :eat plant4#dd ,cecidomyia grossul>i1 or ,gooseb]ry ,midge1 attacks ! fruit1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( rip5+ prematurely4 ,consid]able fruit is lo/ 9 ?is way4#de ,9 clos+ ?is *apt]1 ! au?or feels oblig$ to express 8 regrets t no m space c\ld h be5 appropriat$ to ?is important subject4 ,he c\ld only indicate "s ( ! mo/ tr\blesome insects ( our or*>ds & v9ey>ds1 & he hopes t ! read] w be induc$ to pursue ! inve/igation = himself4 ,he kn[s1 by exp]i5ce1 t ! /udy w br+ its own rew>d 9 ! in=mation t is receiv$1 & :i* is absolutely necess>y to enable u to combat ^! tr\blesome pe/s successfully4 ,,footnotes3 #bc ,practical ,entomologi/1 #eah ,s\? #ac? /reet1 ,philadelphia1 fifty c5ts a ye>1 9 advance4 #bd ,vide ,prairie ,f>m]1 ,am]ican ,agriculturi/1 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 etc4 #be ,see ,practical ,entomologi/1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cb4 #bf ,see ,practical ,entomologi/1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ca4 #bg ,h>ris1 p4 #bje4 #bh ,h>ris' ,report1 p4 #caj4 #bi ,= fur!r details ( ^! insects1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,fit*'s ,report1 pp4 #hb to #ih4 #cj ,rept4 cit41 p4 #ajj4 #ca ,rept4 cit41 p4 #abb4 #cb ,rept4 cit41 p4 #abe4 #cc ,rept4 cit41 p4 #acd4 #cd ,trans4 ,n4,y4 ,ag'l ,soc41 #ahef1 p4 #cei4 #ce ,lib4 cit4 p4 #dce4 #cf ,h>ris' ,rept4 p4 #baa4 #cg ,= fur!r p>ticul>s respect+ ^! insects1 consult ,dr4 ,fit*'s ,rept41 p4 #e1 & ,h>ris's ,rept41 p4 #bda4 #ch ,vide ,h>ris' ,rept41 p4 #bcb4 #ci ,rept41 p4 #djc4 #dj ,rept41 p4 #bda4 #da ,vide ,fit*1 9 ,n4,y4 ,trans4 #ahef1 p4 #chb4 #db ,= int]e/+ details vide ,fit*'s ,rept41 p4 #bba4 #dc ,rept41 p4 #bef4 #dd ,see ,fit*'s ,report1 p4 #agf4 #de ,see ,fit*'s ,report1 p4 #beb4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,fruits ,,& ,,_! ,,value4 ,,t]ms ,,us$4 ,,importance ,,( ,,seiz+ ,,! ,,/rong ,,m>ks4 ,,ext]nal2 ,,weight1 ,,%ape1 ,,size1 ,,surface4 ,,bas9 ,,& ,,eye4 ,,cavity ,,& ,,/em4 ,,int]nal2 ,,fle%1 ,,core1 ,,axis1 ,,se$s1 ,,flavor4 ,,^! ,,consid]$ ,,sep>ately ,,& ,,illu/rat$4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$4 ,,%ape ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,diamet]s2 ,,axial ,,& ,,transv]se4 ,,lead+ ,,=ms ,,describ$ ,,& ,,illu/rat$4 ,,size1 ,a ,,comp>ative ,,t]m4 ,,sk9 ,,*>act]s1 ,,color2 ,,its ,,use ,,9 ,,classify+4 ,,p]man5ce ,,( ,,/ripes4 ,,l9es4 ,,dots ,,& ,,specks4 ,,fung\s ,,spots4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,bas9 ,,& ,,eye1 ,,( ,,cavity ,,& ,,/em1 ,,are ,,valuable2 ,,t]ms ,,us$4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,axis1 ,,core1 ,,se$s1 ,,fle%4 ,,flavor ,,unc]ta94 ,,sweet ,,& ,,s\r ,,good ,,*>act]s4 ,,quality1 ,,t]ms ,,expressive ,,(4 ,9 ! description ( a fruit1 x is v desirable = ! writ] to cat* ! /rong *>act]s1 s t he1 :o reads1 may ! m readily id5tify ! specim5 he holds 9 8 h&4 ,among ^! sev]al *>act]s !re is consid]able diff]5ce z to _! p]man5ce & value2 "s are evanesc5t1 "s v>iable1 :ile o!rs are f\nd to be m reliable & con/ant4 ,let u consid] "s ( ^! 9 ! sy/ematic ord] by :i* !y w be tak5 9 ! descriptions t are to foll[4 ,9 describ+ a fruit1 ! firmness1 weight1 & ext]nal *>act]s1 fir/ claim our att5tion1 !n ! int]nal2 ^! are tak5 up 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ext]nally1 its %ape1 size1 surface1 color1 & dots are exam9$4 ,9 ! apple & pe> ! bas9 is next obs]v$ & its *>act]s not$1 ) any peculi>ities connect$ ) ! eye1 by :i* t]m ! triangul> space is designat$ t is embrac$ by ! calyx1 z %[n 9 an axial section ( ! fruit2 at ! same "t ! l5g? & bread? & %ape ( ! calyx segm5ts are not$4 ,! o!r end ( ! fruit is !n explor$ z to ! =m & m>k+s ( ! cavity1 & ! l5g?1 size1 & peculi>ities ( ! /em4 ,hav+ ?us dispos$ ( ! ext]nals1 we are n[ to inve/igate ! nature ( ! int]nal /ructure2 to d ?is1 a section is made v]tically ?r\gh ! middle ( ! fruit f ! eye to ! /em1 :i* exposes ! fle%1 ! axis ) its core & ! se$s1 & :i* enables u to inve/igate "s v important *>act]s1 su* z ! l5g? ( ! axis1 its =m & t ( its c>pels1 & ! mann] ( _! union1 :e!r !y =m an op5 core or o!rwise4 ,! numb]1 color1 & %ape ( ! se$s are not$4 ,! color ( ! fle%1 its texture & juic9ess are exam9$2 ! latt] qualities are always te/$ by ! tee?1 & !n ! palate gives u an acc\nt ( ! degree ( ri*ness1 acidity1 or sweetness & flavor4 ,! inve/igator is n[ prep>$ to r5d] judgm5t2 hav+ ! te/imony ( 8 organs ( t\*1 sight1 ta/e & smell1 he c pron\nce 8 decision z to quality1 & is prep>$ to specify ! p>ticul> uses to :i* ! fruit is especially adapt$2 :e!r = ! table z a dess]t1 = ! kit*51 z 9 bak+ & /ew+1 or = dry+1 or :e!r x be valuable = cid]-mak+4 ,a good judge w n[ be able to decide :e!r ! fruit be especially adapt$ = ! m>ket or = ! amateur4 ,! season ( rip5+ %\ld be not$ 9 ?is place1 ) any rem>k z to qualities n already provid$ =4 ,,=m is "o ( our mo/ p]man5t *>act]s2 ?\gh subject to modifications1 ! g5]al %ape ( ! specim5s is always *>act]i/ic ( ! v>iety4 ,ev5 a novice w soon le>n ! peculi> outl9e ( a v>iety ( fruit4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! /udy ( ^! v>ieties ( =m1 x w be well to expla9 "s ( ! lead+ t]ms introduc$4 ,by ref]r+ to ! illu/rations1 x w be obs]v$ t ! outl9es are inscrib$ 9 circles to :i* !y are comp>$2 ^! are drawn ) dott$ l9es1 & !y are bisect$ ) cross l9es repres5t+ ! two diamet]s ref]r$ to 9 ! classification by =m3 ! v]tical or axial diamet]1 ,,aa1 pass+ ?r\gh ! axis ( ! fruit1 & ! transv]se diamet]1 ,,bb1 at "r angles to ! v]tical4 ,! ,,=m may be r\nd or globul> :5 x is ne>ly sph]ical2 ! two diamet]s1 ! axial & transv]se1 be+ ne>ly equal2 fig4 #cj4 ,globose is ano!r t]m ( ab\t ! same mean+4 ,conic1 or conical1 indicates a decid$ contraction t[>d ! blossom end1 fig4 #ca2 ,ob-conic implies t ! cone is v %ort or flatt5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,,r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--;,,conical4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--,,oblong ,,or ,,truncate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--,,oblong ,,conic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,,ovate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--,,oblate4 ,oblong means t ! axial diamet] is ! long]1 or t x appe>s s1 = an oblong apple may h equal diamet]s2 fig4 #cb4 ,oblong-conic1 t ! outl9e also tap]s rapidly t[>d ! eye2 fig4 #cc4 ,oblong-ovate1 t x is fulle/ 9 ! middle2 & l ,ovate1 :i* means egg-%ap$1 t x tap]s to bo? ends2 fig4 #cd4 ,oblate1 or flatt5$1 :5 ! axial diamet] is decid$ly ! %ort]2 fig4 #ce4 ,obtuse is appli$ to any ( ^! figures t is n v decid$4 ,cyl9drical & truncate are dep5d5t ^u "o ano!r1 ?us a globul>1 or /ill m rem>kably1 an oblong fruit1 :i* is abruptly truncat$ or flatt5$ at ! ends1 appe>s cyl9drical 9 its =m4 ,depress$ is an unusually flatt5$ oblate =m4 ,turb9ate or top-%ap$1 & pyri=m or pe>-%ap$1 are especially applicable to pe>s1 & seldom to apples4 ,:5 ^! =ms are describ$ ev5ly ab\t a v]tical axis1 z %[n by a section ( ! fruit made transv]sely1 or across ! axis1 ! specim5 may be call$ regul> or uni=m1 fig4 #cf2 if o!rwise1 x is irregul>1 fig4 #cg1 unequal1 fig4 #ch1 oblique or lop-sid$1 fig4 #ci1 9 :i* la/ cases ! axis is incl9$ to "o side4 ,if ! developm5t at ! surface is irregul>1 z 9 ! ,du*esse d',ang\leme & ,b>tlett pe>s1 ! fruit is t]m$ unev54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,,regul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--;,,irregul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--,,unequal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--,,lop-,,sid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--;,,compress$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--,,quadrangul>4 ,:5 a transv]se section ( ! fruit1 made at "r angles to ! axis1 gives ! figure ( a circle1 ! fruit is regul>2 if o!rwise1 x may be compress$ or flatt5$ at ! sides1 fig4 #dj2 angul>1 quadrangul>1 fig4 #da2 sulcate or furr[$1 fig4 #db1 :5 m>k$ by sulcations2 or ribb$1 fig4 #dc1 :5 ! int]v5+ ridges are abrupt4 ,he>t-%ap$ is a =m t applies m especially to ! *]ry1 ?an any o!r k9d ( fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--,,sulcate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--,,ribb$4 ,,size is a "* ( b second rate importance1 s9ce x is dep5d5t ^u ! v>y+ conditions ( soil1 climate1 ov]be>+1 etc4 ,x has its value1 h[ev]1 :5 x is consid]$ z comp>ative or relative4 ,! expressions employ$ 9 ?is "w to indicate size1 are3 v l>ge1 l>ge1 m$ium1 small1 v small1 mak+ five grades4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ,,sk9 & surface are g5]ally v reliable1 ?\gh ! smoo?ness ( ! sk9 z well z ! color+ dep5d ^u bo? soil & climate4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t a /rip$ apple :i* has be5 %ad$1 ?\gh pale1 w always betray itself by a spla% or /ripe1 be x ev] s small or r>e1 nor w any exposure s deep5 & exagg]ate its /ripes z to make x a self-color$ fruit2 & no circum/ances w introduce a true /ripe ^u a self-color$ v>iety4 ,h5ce we may consid] ?is k9d ( m>k+ a reliable "*1 & apply x z an elem5t ( our classification4 ,we sometimes f9d l9es on self-color$ fruits t are z di/9ctive z ! /ripes1 b entirely di/9ct f !m4 ,! sk9 itself may be ei!r ?ick or ?91 smoo?1 r\gh1 or poli%$1 & x is sometimes unev52 x may be cov]$ ) a bloom1 x may be russet$ 9 :ole or 9 "p1 & ?is may be ?ickly or ?9ly spread ov] ! surface1 or only net-ve9$4 ,a sort ( russet+ occurs ab\t ! /em only 9 "s v>ieties1 & is nev] se5 9 o!rs1 mak+ a pretty good "*1 b 9 ! same v>iety x is (t5 mu* increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,?is "*1 russet on ! sk91 has be5 v puzzl+ to "y pomologi/s 9 ! /udy ( pe>s1 ow+ to its liability to exagg]ation 9 "s v>ieties1 "u ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 climatic conditions t h ev5 produc$ x 9 v>ieties 9 :i* x _h n be5 previ\sly suspect$4 ,"s pe>s are *>act]iz$ by ?is russet+ ( ! sk91 ei!r g5]ally spread ov] ! surface or conf9$ to a limit$ area at ei!r end ( ! fruit1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! ins]tion ( ! /em2 o!rs h nev] %[n any disposition to put on ?is "*1 b1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances "s v>ieties1 :i* %\ld h be5 smoo? & fair1 become ?ickly spread ) ?is russet+1 t seems ev5 to ?ick5 ! sk9 & :i* det]iorates ! qualities ( ! fruit4 ,9 "s cases ?is appe>ance is local1 occupy+ "o end ( ! fruit1 or mak+ a b& ar\nd ! middle & contract+ x l a c9cture1 z ?\gh its pres5ce prev5t$ ! prop] gr[? & developm5t ( ! s>coc>p or fle%y mass ( ! fruit4 ,! colors !mselves be+ z v>i\s almo/ z ! hues ( ! ra9b[1 w be designat$ by _! appropriate or cu/om>y names2 ! mann] ( _! lay+ on w require ! use ( c]ta9 def9ite t]ms1 :i* %\ld be und]/ood to compreh5d ! classification1 :i*1 9 "p1 dep5ds ^u ?is circum/ance4 ,?us a fruit is call$ self-color$ :5 x is n /rip$1 ?\gh x may be blu%$ or bronz$1 & ! color+ may be s brok51 )\t /ripes1 z to be mix$ or curdl$1 blot*$1 m>bl$1 mottl$1 cl\d$1 spott$1 /a9$1 %ad$ or dappl$2 b "s ( ^! *>act]s are (t5 f\nd associat$ ) /rip+ also1 or !y are obs]v$ 9 ^? k9ds ( fruit t are always devoid ( /ripes4 ,/rip$ fruits are (t5 s deeply color$ t ! sep>ate /ripes d n appe> s di/9ctly1 z :5 !re are few] ( !m on a light] gr\nd & !y c sc>cely be p]ceiv$4 ,:5 ! /ripes are long & di/9ct1 !y are call$ /reaks2 :5 %ort & brok5 abruptly at _! ends1 ! surface is said to be spla%$4 ,c]ta9 pe>s are /rip$ by a pal5ess or fa9tness ( color1 ^! are call$ pana*e1 & are consid]$ sports ( _! namesake v>ieties :i* !y resemble 9 o!r respects4 ,a few pea*es are di/9ctly /rip$2 "s plums & *]ries obscurely s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r class ( surface or sk9 *>act]s consi/s 9 ! ,,dots & ,,specks1 :i* appe> to be v valuable di/9ctive m>k+s1 on acc\nt ( _! uni=mity 9 diff]5t v>ieties4 ,^! may be l>ge or small1 num]\s or scatt]$1 d>k] or light] color$1 prom95t or ind5t$4 ,9 %ape !y are r\nd or elongat$1 & ?is la/ is a valuable "* because q r>e4 ,sometimes ! dots are *>act]iz$ by hav+ a gre5 base or areola ar\nd !m1 :i* is v noticeable1 & 9 "s v>ieties ^! m>ks1 :i* are p]haps ! /omata ( ! sk91 are surr\nd$ by di/9ct r+s ( a gray color1 t resemble ocellations or eyes4 ,no reliance c be plac$ ^u ! delicate color+ t is (t5 to be se5 ^u ! surface ( c]ta9 light color$ fruits1 mak+ rose1 r$1 or purpli% t9ts ab\t ^! dots1 z !y are accid5tal only & n di/9ctive m>k+s4 ,no "o %\ld conf\nd ^! pores1 t are designat$ z ! dots1 ) ! sup]ficial & extrane\s m>ks t appe> to be ! accid5tal gr[? ( "s fungus or li*51 & :i* are v commonly f\nd ^u ! surface ( _m fruits1 (t5 giv+ !m a q pretty appe>ance t w\ld be seiz$ ^u by ! fruit pa9t] z a special beauty1 unless :5 s abundant z to produce an unpleasant smut*9ess or cl\d9ess1 su* z is (t5 f\nd 9 ! product ( apple or*>ds t are situat$ 9 l[ bottom l&s1 & :i* peculi>ity is attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( fogs4 ,! ,,bas9 or ,,apex ( a fruit consi/s ( t portion mo/ di/ant f ! /em4 ,9 ! apple & pe> x is commonly call$ ! blossom end1 & is (t5 m or less depress$2 h5ce ! t]m bas94 ,9 o!r fruits x is call$ ! po9t or apex4 ,bo? are *>act]iz$ by peculi>ities ( =m t s]ve z di/9ctive m>ks 9 ! description ( fruits1 & ^! are *>act]s ( consid]able value on acc\nt ( _! p]man5ce4 ,9 respect to its =m1 ! bas91 accord+ to its dep?1 is call$ deep1 fig4 #dd2 %all[1 fig4 #de2 v %all[1 or m$ium4 ,x is abrupt1 fig4 #dd1 :5 ! edges are /eep2 x is n>r[ & po9t$1 fig4 #df1 or wide2 x is regul>1 or wavy1 wr9kl$1 plait$1 fold$1 ribb$ or angul>1 fig4 #df--:5 ^! peculi>ities exi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4--;,,deep ,,& ,,abrupt4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4--,,%all[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--,,n>r[ ,,& ,,fold$4 ,"s fruits are russet$ at ?is "p ( _! surface only1 b ?is m>k+ is a v>iable "* & is f\nd 9 great] or less degree 9 diff]5t localities2 ?us ! ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 to :i* x belongs1 is sometimes almo/ entirely dive/$ ( ! russet+1 & 9 o!r localities ! surface is ?ickly spread ) x half way to ! /em2 ! ,we/field ,seek-no-fur!r1 :i* is slightly m>k$ ) ?is "* 9 ! ,nor?1 (t5 becomes a russet apple 9 m s\!rn latitudes4 ,! bas9 ( "s fruits is v apt to crack into irregul> fissures1 & ?is appe>s to be peculi> to c]ta9 v>ieties1 ?\gh x is n e/eem$ a v reliable m>k2 ! t]m crack$ is us$ to express ?is4 ,9 "s fruits1 h[ev]1 we f9d a v peculi> crack+ t =ms a p]man5t "*1 ^u :i* great dep5d5ce may be plac$3 all ! rim ( ! bas9 9 ^! is m>k$ ) a slightly crack$ appe>ance t does n rupture ! sk91 & :i* resembles ! incipi5t break+ ( ! surface ( a piece ( dry lea!r2 x has1 !re=e1 receiv$ ! "n ( lea!r-crack4 ,?is is *>act]i/ic ( a few sorts1 & h5ce a valuable m>k4 ,)9 ! bas9 is ! ,,eye1 :i* furni%es *>act]s ( great value4 ,?is ,i consid] to mean ! meet+ ( ! segm5ts ( ! calyx1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! apple1 ! triangul> space enclos$ by ^! p>ts1 9 :i* ! rema9s ( ! /am5s & pi/ils are f\nd4 ,h5ce ! ,eye c only be display$ by mak+ a v]tical section ( ! fruit4 ,!re are b a limit$ numb] ( expressions us$ 9 its description2 ?us ! eye is said to be l>ge1 small1 long or %ort1 & x may be op5 or clos$4 ,! segm5ts ( ! calyx may be conv]g+ or reflex$1 p]si/5t or obsolete1 accord+ to _! condition 9 ! ripe fruit1 & ^! sev]al *>act]s are q reliable2 b ! simple fact t ! eye is op5 or clos$1 may dep5d ^u ! accid5tal break+ away ( ! segm5ts ( ! calyx1 & is ( little value z a sign4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--;,,deep1 ,,/em ,,long4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--,,wide1 ,,/em ,,/\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--,,wavy1 ,,/em ,,clubb$4 ,! next "* to be consid]$ is ! atta*m5t ( ! /em1 :i*1 9 "s fruits1 is s depress$ z to con/itute :at is call$ ! ,,cavity4 ,9 ! apple ?is portion has _m v>iations t are q *>act]i/ic ( c]ta9 v>ieties ( fruit4 ,9 =m ! cavity may be ei!r deep1 fig4 #dg1 or %all[2 regul> or irregul>2 wide1 fig4 #dh2 or n>r[1 & acute1 wavy1 fig4 #di2 & unev51 fold$1 & ev5 lipp$1 fig4 #ej2 z :5 a portion ( ! fle% protrudes aga9/ ! /em1 z 9 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,roman ,/em1 & o!r apples1 & 9 "s pe>s4 ,?is portion is sometimes defac$ by cracks t sep>ate ! sk92 x is occasionally gre51 & ?is is a good & di/+ui%+ "* ( a limit$ numb] ( fruits1 bo? apples & pe>s4 ,! cavity is also br[n or russet$ 9 "s fruits1 &1 ?\gh ?is "* is q v>iable 9 its dep?1 am\nt & ext5t1 we may consid] ! br[n or russet+ ab\t ! /em q reliable 9 bo? pe>s & apples4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--;,,cavity ,,lipp$4 ,! /em has its place ( ins]tion 9 ! region we h j be5 consid]+4 ,x is ! p$uncle ( botani/s1 & 9 "s species x sep>ates f ! fruit by a jo9t--9 o!rs x rema9s atta*$ & sep>ates f ! twig1 :5 x is consid]$ a "p ( ! fruit itself1 z 9 ! apple & pe>4 ,! %ape1 av]age l5g?1 ?ickness1 & o!r *>act]s1 & especially its mode ( atta*m5t to ! c>pos#df 9 ! pe>1 give u "s important *>act]s1 b ^! are always some:at unc]ta9 & v>iable2 h5ce !y are r relative ?an positive traits4 ,9 apples1 /ems may be long1 fig4 #dg1 %ort1 fig4 #dh1 or m$ium1 accord+ to _! projection beyond or concealm5t )9 ! cavity1 be+ call$ m$ium :5 !y simply rea* ! cont\r ( ! outl9e4 ,!y are sl5d]1 fig4 #dg2 m$ium or ?ick1 fle%y1 knobby or clubb$1 fig4 #di1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( _! sub/ance & its arrangem5t4 ,!y are curv$ or /raight1 & direct & axial1 or incl9$1 accord+ to _! direction & relation to ! axis ( ! fruit2 & 9 pe>s1 !y (t5 h a peculi>ity ( ! ins]tion dep5d5t ^u _! be+ m or less fle%y2 9 bo? plums & pe>s1 ?is fullness is (t5 arrang$ 9 r+s surr\nd+ ! base ( ! /em4 ,"s pomologi/s h tak5 great pa9s to measure ! l5g? ( ! /ems1 :i* !y report 9 in*es & l9es4 ,z above /at$1 ?is is an unc]ta9 quantity1 & !re=e ( little value1 except :5 tak5 9 relation to o!r measurem5ts by way ( comp>ison2 h5ce ,i h pref]r$ to use ! above-m5tion$ t]ms only 9 _! relation to ! axial diamet] 9 describ+ ! apples1 unless :]e _! ext5sion is unusual4 ,! v>iable l5g? ( ?is organ 9 "s v>ieties is rem>kable1 & we (t5 f9d ! smalle/ fruits hav+ ! longe/ /ems4 ,:5 we come to exam9e ! int]ior portions ( a fruit1 if x be an apple or pe>1 we make a v]tical section ?r\gh ! axis f bas9 to cavity4 ,?is exposes ! int]nal /ructure & enables u to judge ( ! color & o!r *>act]s ( ! fle%y p]ic>p1 ! l5g? ( ! axis1 ! size ( ! core & c>pels1 & ! numb] & appe>ance ( ! se$s4 ,^! *>act]s are possess$ ( value1 & are q reliable2 9 _m fruits ! se$s furni% di/9ctive indications1 & ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ! /one fruits1 _m ( :i* are readily id5tifi$ by ! =m & m>k+s ( ! /ones or pits1 ! endoc>ps ( botany4 ,9 ! apple p>ticul>ly1 we fir/ h our att5tion drawn to ! ,,axis1 :i* is sometimes v %ort1 s t 9 "s decid$ly oblate specim5s1 ) deep bas9 & cavity1 !re is sc>cely room betwe5 !m = ! core1 :i* is %ort5$ to correspond ) ! oblate "* ( ! fruit4 ,?is is illu/rat$ by _m ( ! outl9es giv5 9 ,class ,i4 ,x is well also to obs]ve & note :e!r ! axis be incl9$4 ,! =m ( ! core is n v reliable1 b x has *>act]s t are p]man5t & peculi> to c]ta9 v>ieties4 ,?us x is always op5 9 "s1 & always clos$ 9 o!r sorts ( ! apple4 ,9 ! pe> x is gritty 9 "s v>ieties1 & surr\nd$ ) f9e gra9$ fle% 9 o!rs4 ,! core is l>ge1 m$ium1 or small1 & ^! di/9ctions are p]man5t4 ,its outl9e1 embrac+ ! gr\p ( c>pels1 may be regul> or irregul>1 long or %ort1 cordate1 wide or compress$2 x may rea* ! eye or o!rwise1 & x frequ5tly clasps t portion4 ,! ,,se$s are num]\s or o!rwise2 !y are long or %ort1 acum9ate or r\nd$1 flat1 angul>1 imp]fect1 or plump1 l>ge or small2 !y may be pale1 ev5 yell[1 or br[n1 d>k1 & ne>ly black2 & ^! %ades are di/9ctive1 (t5 enabl+ ! pomologi/ to decide ^u ! v>iety :5 o!r *>act]s are less m>k$4 ,! peculi>ities ( ! /ones ( pea*es1 plums & *]ries1 & ( ! se$s ( ! grape1 _h bett] be describ$ 9 imm$iate connection ) ^? species ( fruit4 ,9 ! ,,fle% ( fruits we f9d *>act]s t mo/ pomologi/s1 ev5 ! amateurs1 are g5]ally pleas$ to h "u practical consid]ation4 ,!y are also v reliable1 = if ! fruits be 9 good condition1 !y are always ! same 9 any giv5 v>iety4 ,9 its consi/5cy1 ?is tissue is ei!r firm & compact1 or spongy2 x is f9e gra9$1 granul>1 gritty1 fibr\s1 or break+1 on ! "o h&1 or t5d]1 butt]y & melt+1 on ! o!r2 ! fle% is ei!r dry or juicy1 & t9t$ ) v>i\s %ades ( color4 ,9 "s we f9d a satisfy+ ri*ness1 :ile o!rs are ?9 & poor4 ,"s h a f9e aroma1 :ile o!rs h an unpleasant flavor or are sc5tless4 ,s intimately associat$ are our organs ( ta/e & smell1 t x is difficult to sep>ate & di/+ui% ! impressions we receive ?r\gh ^! s5ses4 ,= our pres5t purpose x w be be/ to consid] all "u ?is head1 :e!r really belong+ to "o or ! o!r s5sation2 & ! lexicograph]s !mselves admit ! commonalty ( ta/e & smell 9 ! ^w flavor4 ,^! qualities ( a fruit dep5d ^u s _m accid5ts ( season1 culture1 & especially ( ! condition ( rip5ess1 t !y are ( comp>atively little value 9 descriptions1 except 9 _! broade/ expressions ( acidity & its opposite1 :i* inde$ are suffici5tly pron\nc$ to be us$ 9 ! classification ( fruits4 ,) reg>d to _! ,,flavor1 fruits may be said to be v9\s1 sub-acid1 acid1 & v acid1 or sug>y1 sweet1 v sweet1 & honey sweet2 !y may be flat & insipid1 or highly flavor$1 mild1 or a/r+5t2 & z to fragrance1 9 :i* !y may rem9d u ( _m o!r agreeable odors1 !y may be said to be p]fum$ & aromatic1 or o!rwise4 ,9 decid+ ^u ! quality ( ! fruit t has ?us be5 subject$ to ?is s]ies ( te/s1 & to ?is ?or\gh exam9ation1 we %all f9d t ! decision w dep5d ^u ! individual ta/es1 ! likes & dislikes ( ^? :o are call$ ^u to r5d] judgm5t1 & t1 at be/1 ! result mu/ be arbitr>y4 ,! t]ms expressive ( ?is division are inf]ior1 good1 v good1 & be/4 ,,footnotes3 #df ,f k>pos1 ,greek1 = fruit4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,classification4 ,,necessity ,,=4 ,,basis ,,(4 ,,*>act]s4 ,,%ape4 ,,its ,,regul>ity4 ,,flavor4 ,,color4 ,,_! ,,sev]al ,,values4 ,,?omas' ,,classification4 ,,g]man ,,writ]s4 ,,diel',s ,,sev5 ,,classes4 ,,modifications ,,by ,,do*nahl4 ,,rob]t ,,hogg',s ,,modification ,,bas$ ,,^u ,,season4 ,,diel',s ,,conspectus ,,( ,,classification4 ,,do*nahl',s4 ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,classification ,,expla9$4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms4 ,,topics ,,comb9$4 ,,conspectus ,,( ,,classification ,,us$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,"w4 ,! ne$ ( "s classification gr[s m & m press+1 z our fruit li/s h become m ext5d$1 & !y n[ rea* _m hundr$s4 ,a good & reliable sy/ematic classification has become absolutely necess>y1 & has receiv$ a great deal ( consid]ation4 ,^u :at pr9ciple %all ?is classification be f\nd$8 ,! common alphabetical arrangem5t ( mo/ text books may be v conv5i5t = a m]e diction>y ( fruits1 b is utt]ly useless to ! novice :o does n "k ! "n ( 8 specim54 ,! arrangem5t by season & size has its difficulties 9 ! unc]ta9ty & v>iation ( ^! *>act]s 9 ! diff]5t soils & climates ( our ext5d$ c\ntry1 & a sub-division & gr\p+ ( fruits by _! quality ( excell5ce is n only unreliable1 b is altoge!r arbitr>y1 & subject to ! greate/ div]sity ( op9ion aris+ f ! v>i\s ta/es ( diff]5t individuals4 ,we mu/ look to "s m>k$ & reliable *>act]s t are always pres5t1 easily recogniz$1 & p]man5t or fix$4 ,among ^! %ape or figure /&s pre-em95t1 not)/&+ ! ackn[l$g$ fact t "s v>ieties are almo/ protean4 ,! %ape ( ! g5]al outl9e appe>s to be ! be/ "* = ! broad divisions ( a classification4 ,a sub-division may aga9 be made1 :i* is to be bas$ ^u ! regul>ity or irregul>ity ( ! %ape4 ,! next "*1 & "o ( consid]able value1 is t dep5d5t ^u flavor 9 its broade/ *>act]s ( sweet & s\r1 :i*1 ?\gh sometimes giv+ rise to a puzzl+ "q1 is1 9 mo/ v>ieties1 suffici5tly m>k$ to con/itute ! basis ( a m9or sub-division4 ,color1 :i* is notori\sly ! poore/ "* & lea/ e/eem$ by botani/s 9 _! descriptions1 on acc\nt ( its liability to v>iation1 is1 h[ev]1 ( suffici5t importance 9 pomology to take a high rank & to appe> v prom95tly 9 fruit nom5clature4 ,/ill x %\ld be res]v$ = ! l[e/ sub-divisions ( a classification4 ,among our ,am]ican writ]s1 :o des]v$ly /& prom95t z pomologi/s1 ! mo/ satisfactory attempt at classification is f\nd 9 ! little "w prep>$ by ,j4,j4 ,?omas4 ,no "o :o has realiz$ ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! simple & cle> sub-divisions made by ?is au?or1 w ev] be satisfi$ ) a fruit-book t is n arrang$ ^u ! basis ( "s classification4 ,?omas1 9 8 excell5t "w1 makes ?ree great divisions ( apples accord+ to _! p]iod ( rip5+1 z ! ,summ]1 ,autumn1 & ,w9t] fruits1 to :i* "s ( u w\ld desire to add ,spr+1 or long-keep]s4 ,ea* ( ^! he has divid$ into two classes--^? *>act]iz$ by _! flavor z sweet apples1 & ^? possess$ ( m or less acidity2 & ea* ( ^! classes is subdivid$ into two sections1 accord+ to _! color1 z /rip$ ) r$ & n /rip$2 s t 9 ?is arrangem5t we h eighte5 gr\ps1 &1 ) specim5 9 h&1 ?is synopsis enables u at once to decide 9 :i* ( ^! gr\ps ( mod]ate dim5sions we may look = ! description we desire2 &1 if x be conta9$ 9 ! book1 x may readily be f\nd4 ,! labor ( se>*+ ?r\gh ! :ole li/ is ?us obviat$4 ,! ,g]mans h made _m attempts at ! classification ( fruits4 ,*ri/1 ,diel1 ,do*nahl1 ,mang] & ,sickl]1 h be5 engag$ 9 ?is "w2 & ,diel's ,synopsis1 ?\gh f> f p]fect1 has be5 g5]ally adopt$4 ,he makes sev5 classes1 ) ord]s "u ea*4 ,do*nahl1 a lat] writ]1 has modifi$ ?is by mak+ two sections accord+ to ! %ape1 :e!r angul> or sph]ical1 & f\r classes also bas$ ^u _! =m4 ,rob]t ,hogg1 9 8 ,briti% ,pomology1 :i* is an excell5t acc\nt ( ! apples cultivat$ 9 ,engl&1 has giv5 a modification :i* answ]s a good purpose = classification4 ,he makes ?ree great sections1 accord+ to season1 ,summ]1 ,autumn1 & ,w9t]4 ,ea* ( ^! is divid$ into two classes1 accord+ to %ape3 #a/1 ,r\nd1 r\ndi%1 or oblate2 & #bnd1 ,oblong1 conical1 oval1 or ovate4 ,^! aga9 are gr\p$ accord+ to _! colors3 ,a1 pale2 ,b1 /rip$2 ,c1 r$2 & ,d1 russet4 ,z a matt] ( int]e/ ,i w give ,diel's classification4 ,,class ,i4--,,ribb$ ,,apples4 #a4 ,!y are furni%$ ) v prom95t1 b regul> ribs ar\nd ! eye1 ext5d+ also ov] ! fruit1 b :i* d n r5d] x irregul>4 #b4 ,hav+ wide1 op51 & v irregul> cells4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,true ,,calvilles4 #a4 ,!y tap] f ab\t ! middle ( ! fruit t[>d ! eye4 #b4 ,!y are cov]$ ) bloom :5 on ! tree4 #c4 ,!y h1 or acquire1 by keep+1 an unctu\s sk94 #d4 ,!y are n di/9ctly & purely /rip$4 #e4 ,!y h light1 spongy1 delicate fle%4 #f4 ,!y h a /rawb]ry or raspb]ry flavor4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,s*lott] ,,pfel4 #a4 ,! sk9 does n feel unctu\s4 #b4 ,!y are n cov]$ ) bloom4 #c4 ,!y are ei!r ( a flat1 conical1 cyl9drical1 or tap]+ =m4 #d4 ,!y h n a balsamic1 b mo/ly a sweeti% or s\ri% flavor4 #e4 ,!y h a granul\s1 loose1 & co>se-gra9$ fle%4 ,,ord] ,,iii4--,,gueld]l+e4 #a4 ,!y are n balsamic1 l ,ord] ,i41 b ( an aromatic flavor4 #b4 ,!y h a f9e fle%1 almo/ l t ( ! ,re9ettes4 #c4 ,!y are ei!r ( a conical or flat %ape4 #d4 ,!y are mo/ prom95tly ribb$ ar\nd ! eye4 ,,class ,,ii--,,ros5,,pfel--,,rose ,,apples4 #a4 ,!y are cov]$ ) blue bloom :5 on ! tree4 #b4 ,!y h n unproportionally l>ge1 b (t5 only regul> cells4 #c4 ,!y emit a pleasant odor :5 briskly rubb$4 #d4 ,! sk9 does n feel unctu\s4 #e4 ,!y are h&somely & regul>ly ribb$ ar\nd ! eye1 & (t5 also ov] ! fruit4 #f4 ,!y h a t5d]1 loose1 spongy1 & mo/ly f9e gra9$ fle%4 #g4 ,!y h a f9e rose1 f5nel1 or anise flavor4 #h4 ,!y are mo/ly ( %ort duration1 & are (t5 only summ] or autumn apples4 #i4 ,!y are mo/ly /rip$ l a turnip4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,fruit ,,tap]+ ,,or ,,oblong4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,fruit ,,r\nd ,,or ,,flat4 ,,class ,,iii4--,,ramb\rs4 #a4 ,!y are all l>ge apples1 & comprise ! l>ge/ sorts4 #b4 ,!y h mo/ly1 or almo/ always1 two unequal halves--namely1 "o side l[] ?an ! o!r4 #c4 ,!y are con/antly furni%$ ) ribs ar\nd ! eye :i* are broad1 ris+ irregul>ly1 "o above ! o!r1 & ext5d+ ov] ! fruit s z to r5d] x irregul> 9 its %ape2 !y are also compress$1 & h "o side high] ?an ! o!r4 #d4 ,!y are con/antly broad] ?an high1 & only sometimes elongat$4 #e4 ,!y h all a loose1 co>se gra9$ & (t5 v pleasant fle%4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,) ,,wide ,,cells4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,) ,,n>r[ ,,cells4 ,,class ,,iv4--,,re9ettes4 #a4 ,!y h a f9e gra9$1 delicate1 crisp1 firm fle%4 #b4 ,!y are mo/ly ! ideal ( a h&somely %ap$ apple2 9 !m ! convexity or bulge ( ! middle ( ! apple t[>ds ! eye is ! same z t t[>ds ! /alk1 or n mu* diff]5t4 #c4 ,!y are all gray dott$1 or h russety pat*es1 or completely cov]$ ) russet4 #d4 ,!y h r>ely an unctu\s sk94 #e4 ,!y h all ! ri*1 aromatic1 sug>y1 & brisk flavor1 :i* is call$ ! ,re9ette flavor4 #f4 ,!y decay v readily1 & mu/1 ( all apples1 hang longe/ on ! tree4 #g4 ,! really sweet & at ! same "t aromatic apples belong to ! ,re9ettes1 only z reg>ds _! %ape1 _! "*1 & _! f9e & firm fle%4 #h4 ,apples ) f9e1 firm1 crisp fle%1 :i* _c ( !mselves =m a di/9ct class2 = in/ance1 ! ,pipp9s belong to ?is class4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,self-,,color$ ,,re9ettes4 #a4 ,hav+ a uni=m gre5 gr\nd color1 :i* *anges to ! mo/ beautiful gold5 yell[4 #b4 ,hav+ no lively colors or m>ks ( russet on ! side next ! sun1 except ^? t are v mu* expos$1 & :i* assume a slight t+e ( r$4 #c4 ,hav+ no cov]+ ( russet1 b only slight traces ( russety /ripes4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,r$ ,,re9ettes4 ,hav+ all ! prop]ties ( ! self-color$ ,re9ettes1 b ( a pure r$ on ! side next ! sun1 )\t any mixture ( russet4 ,,ord] ,,iii4--,,gray ,,re9ettes4 #a4 ,! gr\nd color is gre51 *ang+ to d+y dull yell[4 #b4 ,! coat+ ( russet1 or ! russety pat*es1 spread ov] ! great] "p ( ! fruit1 are v conspicu\s4 #c4 ,! side next ! sun is (t5 dull br[ni% or o*re\s r$4 ,,ord] ,,iv4--,,gold5 ,,re9ettes4 #a4 ,on ! side next ! sun !y are wa%$ or /rip$ ) beautiful crimson4 #b4 ,! gr\nd color *anges by keep+ to a beautiful deep yell[4 #c4 ,ov] ! gr\nd color1 & ! crimson ( ! expos$ side1 are spread light ?9 pat*es1 or a complete coat ( russet4 ,,class ,v4--,,/reifl+e--,,/rip$ ,,apples4 #a4 ,!y are all1 & almo/ always1 m>k$ ) brok5 /ripes ( r$4 #b4 ,^! /ripes are f\nd ei!r ov] ! :ole fruit1 or only v indi/9ctly on ! side expos$ to ! sun4 #c4 ,! /ripes may be di/9ct--t is to say1 truly /rip$2 or betwe5 ^! /ripes on ! side next ! sun ! fruit is dott$1 %ad$1 or wa%$ ) r$2 b on ! %ad$ side ! /ripes are well def9$4 #d4 ,! cells are regul>4 #e4 ,!y are ( a purely sweet1 v9\s1 or acid flavor4 #f4 ,!y h n ! same flavor z ! ,rose apples4 #g4 ,!y d n decay1 except :5 ga!r$ be=e maturity4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,flat ,,/reifl+e4 #a4 ,!y h ! bulge at ! same di/ance f ! eye z f ! /alk1 & are broadly flatt5$4 #b4 ,!y are con/antly half an in* broad] ?an high4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,tap]+ ,,/reifl+e4 #a4 ,!y are broad] ?an high4 #b4 ,!y dim9i% f ! middle ( ! apple t[>ds ! eye1 s t ! sup]ior half is conical or pyramidal1 & n at all simil> to ! inf]ior half4 ,,ord] ,,iii4--,,oblong ,,or ,,cyl9drical ,,/reifl+e4 #a4 ,! hight & bread? are almo/ equal4 #b4 ,!y dim9i% gradually f ! base to ! apex4 #c4 ,or f ! middle ( ! fruit !y gradually dim9i% t[>d ! base & apex equally4 ,,ord] ,,iv4--,,r\nd ,,/reifl+e4 #a4 ,! convexity ( ! fruit next ! base & ! apex is ! same4 #b4 ,! bread? does n diff] f ! hight1 except only ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 #c4 ,laid 9 ! h&1 ) ! eye & /alk sidewise1 !y h ! appe>ance ( a r\ndi% grape4 ,,class ,,vi4--,,tap]+ ,,apples4 #a4 ,!y h ! cells regul>4 #b4 ,!y are n cov]$ ) bloom4 #c4 ,!y are n /rip$1 & are ei!r ( a uni=m color1 or wa%$ ) r$ on ! side next ! sun4 #d4 ,con/antly dim9i%+ to a po9t t[>ds ! eye4 #e4 ,!y are sweet or v9\s1 approa*+ a pure acid4 #f4 ,!y d n readily decay4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,oblong1 ,,cyl9drical ,,or ,,conical4 ,*>act]s ! same z ,ord] ,,iii4 ( ! ,/reifl+e4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,tap]+ ,,to ,a ,,po9t4 ,*>act]s ! same z ,ord] ,,ii4 ( ! ,/reifl+e4 ,,class ,,vii4--,,flat ,,apples4 #a4 ,!y are con/antly broad] ?an high4 #b4 ,!y are nev] /rip$4 #c4 ,!y are ei!r ( a uni=m color1 or1 on ! side expos$ to ! sun1 m or less wa%$ or %ad$ ) r$4 #d4 ,!y h regul> cells4 #e4 ,!y are n unctu\s :5 h&l$4 #f4 ,!y d n readily decay4 #g4 ,flavor purely sweet1 or purely s\r4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,purely ,,flat ,,apples4 #a4 ,! diff]5ce is obvi\s to ! eye4 #b4 ,! bread? is con/antly half an in* m ?an ! hight4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,r\nd-,,%ap$ ,,flat ,,apples4 #a4 ,! eye _c easily detect a di/9ction betwe5 ! bread? & hight4 #b4 ,! bread? r>ely exce$s ! hight by a qu>t] ( an in*4 #c4 ,! fruit1 cut transv]sely1 exhibits almo/ or q two equal halves4 ,,do*nahl',s ,,classification4 ,,section ,i4--,,pleuroidea4--,,angul> ,,or ,,ribb$4 ,hav+ %>p or flat ribs1 :i* ext5d ov] ! l5g? ( ! fruit & are mo/ prom95t ar\nd ! eye1 :]e !y are mo/ g5]ally situat$4 ,,class ,i4--,,mala ,,cydon>ia--,,qu9ce-,,%ap$4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,calvilles4 #a4 ,!y h l>ge he>t-%ap$ cells1 op5 t[>ds ! axis1 or (t5 entirely torn2 ! cells ext5d v (t5 f ! /alk ev5 to ! tube ( ! calyx4 #b4 ,!y dim9i% f ab\t ! middle ( ! fruit1 or a little above x1 t[>ds ! eye4 #c4 ,!y are regul>1 & provid$ g5]ally ) f9e ribs1 :i* d n disfigure ! fruit4 #d4 ,on ! tree1 ! fruit is cov]$ ) bloom4 #e4 ,!y are nev] di/9ctly /rip$4 #f4 ,_! fle% is s(t1 loose1 f9e & light1 ( a balsamic flavor1 simil> to t ( /rawb]ries or raspb]ries4 #g4 ,! eye is frequ5tly clos$4 #h4 ,_m ( !m acquire by keep+ an oily or unctu\s sk94 ,,gr\p ,i4--,fruit r$1 almo/ entirely cov]$ ) r$4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,fruit p>ti-color$2 yell[2 v mu* /rip$ or wa%$ ) r$4 ,,gr\p ,,iii4--,fruit yell[2 ( a :iti%1 gre5i%1 or gold5 yell[4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,pseudo-,,calvilles4 #a4 ,! cells are almo/ ! same z ! true ,calvilles--v l>ge & op54 #b4 ,! calyc9al tube is wide & g5]ally v %ort4 #c4 ,!y are slightly n>r[$ t[>d ! eye1 & flatt5$ t[>d ! /alk4 #d4 ,_! ribs are v prom95t1 especially ar\nd ! eye4 #e4 ,!y are aromatic1 & h n ! balsamic flavor ( ! true ,calvilles4 #f4 ,_! fle% is f9e1 opaque1 a little succul5t1 & almo/ equal to ! ,re9ettes4 ,,gr\ps ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 z above4 ,,class ,,ii4--,,mala ,,pyr>ia--,,pe>-,,%ap$4 ,_! flavor is nei!r balsamic nor aromatic2 !y are purely sweet or acid2 _! fle% is granul\s & loose4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,trem>ia--,,se$s ,,loose4 #a4 ,!y are almo/ always l>ge apples1 ! sk9 ( :i* is nei!r unctu\s nor cov]$ ) bloom4 #b4 ,!y are also furni%$ ) ribs2 b !y are n s regul> z 9 ! ,calvilles4 #c4 ,! cells are v l>ge1 irregul>1 wid5$1 & g5]ally op54 #d4 ,! calyc9al tube is mo/ g5]ally widely conical1 & does n ext5d to ! cells4 #e4 ,!y are ( a flatt5$1 conical1 cyl9drical or po9t$ %ape4 #f4 ,_! fle% is loose1 m (t5 a little co>se1 & ( a slightly balsamic flavor4 #g4 ,! leaves ( ^! trees are v l>ge1 r deeply d5tat$1 & less d[ny ?an ^? ( ! ,calvilles4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,unicolores--,gre51 gre5i%1 yell[1 or gold5 yell[1 & slightly t+$ ) r$4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,bicolores--,yell[ or gre51 & di/9ctly /rip$ or wa%$ ) r$4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,rambures4 #a4 ,!y are all v l>ge4 #b4 ,!y h almo/ always ! two halves unequal4 #c4 ,!y are con/antly broad] ?an high1 & appe> sometimes high] ?an !y are4 #d4 ,!y are n furni%$ ) ribs1 except ar\nd ! eye2 ^! are (t5 irregul> 9 numb]s1 & frequ5tly =m broad projections on ! fruit4 #e4 ,!y d n decay1 b %rivel :5 !y h pass$ maturity4 #f4 ,! fle% is co>sely granul\s1 r>ely aromatic1 nev]!less (t5 v agreeable4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,capsulis amplis--,wide cells4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,capsulis angu/is--,n>r[ cells4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,sph,,roid--,,sph]ical4 ,!y h sometimes prom95ces on ! fruit & ar\nd ! eye1 b nev] true ribs4 ,,class ,,iii4--,,mala ,,mespil>ia--,,m$l> ,,%ap$4 ,_! flavor is sweet1 aromatic1 simil> to t ( ! ,rose1 f5nel or anise4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,apiana1 ,,or ,,rose ,,apples4 ,_! fle% is s(t1 loose1 m>r[y1 v f9e gra91 & ( a sn[ :ite color4 #b4 ,! cells are almo/ always regul> & clos$4 #c4 ,!y are regul>ly ribb$ ar\nd ! eye1 & (t5 also ov] ! fruit1 b sometimes n at all ribb$4 #d4 ,!y h a balsamic flavor1 accompani$ ) a v agreeable odor4 #e4 ,!y emit a pleasant odor :5 briskly rubb$4 #f4 ,:5 on ! tree !y are frequ5tly cov]$ ) a blue bloom1 & /rip$ l a ,tulip4 #g4 ,! fruit is mo/ly small1 or middle siz$4 #h4 ,!y are mo/ly ( %ort duration1 & lose _! good flavor ! same ye>4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,oblongi--,oblong fruit4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,sphrici--,r\nd or flatt5$4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,re9etta--,,re9ettes4 #a4 ,^! are apples :i* g5]ally h ! mo/ regul> & h&some %ape1 hav+ ! bulge 9 ! middle1 at ! same di/ance f ! eye z f ! /alk4 #b4 ,all are dott$1 cl\d$1 or entirely cov]$ ) russet4 #c4 ,!y are v r>ely incl9$ to be unctu\s1 b g5]ally r\gh :5 h&l$4 #d4 ,!y all decay v readily2 7!y mu/ !re=e be left z long z possible on ! tree47 #e4 ,_! fle% is f9e gra9$1 crisp1 firm1 or f9e & delicate4 #f4 ,!y are all *>g$ ) only a balsamic1 sug>y acid1 :i* is call$ ,re9ette-flavor$4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,unicolores4--#a4 ,hav+ uni=m gre5 gr\nd color1 :i* *anges to ! mo/ beautiful gold5 yell[4 #b4 ,hav+ no lively colors or m>ks ( russet on ! side next ! sun1 except ^? t are v mu* expos$1 & are slightly t+$ ) r$4 #c4 ,hav+ no cov]+ ( russet1 b only slight traces ( russety /ripes4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,rubri--,fruit r$2 hav+ all ! prop]ties ( ! self-color$ ,re9ettes2 b on ! side next ! sun !y are ( a r$ color1 ) a mixture ( russet4 ,,gr\p ,,iii4--,ravi--,russet$4 #a4 ,_! gr\nd color is gre51 *ang+ to d+y1 dull yell[4 #b4 ,! coat+s ( russet are v conspicu\s4 #c4 ,! side next ! sun is (t5 d+y1 br[ni%1 or o*re\s r$4 #d4 ,!y all decay v readily4 ,,gr\p ,,iv4--,aurei--,yell[ or gold5 fruit1 ,gold5 ,re9ettes4 #a4 ,on ! side next ! sun !y are wa%$ or /rip$ ) beautiful crimson4 #b4 ,! gr\nd color *anges1 by keep+1 to beautiful deep yell[4 #c4 ,ov] ! crimson !re is a light ?9 trace1 or a complete cov]+ ( russet4 ,,class ,,iv4--,,mala ,,mal>ia--,,p]fect ,,or ,,pure ,,apple-,,%ap$4 ,!y are ( a p]fectly sweet or v9\s flavor1 approa*+ to pure acid4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,/riola1 ,,or ,,/rip$4 #a4 ,!y are almo/ always m>k$ ) brok5 /ripes ( r$4 #b4 ,^! are ei!r ov] ! :ole fruit1 or only indi/9ctly on ! side expos$ to ! sun4 #c4 ,! /ripes may all be di/9ct--t is1 cle>ly & f9ely /rip$2 or betwe5 ^! /ripes1 on ! side next ! sun1 ! fruit is dott$1 %ad$ or wa%$ ) r$2 b on ! %ad$ side ! /ripes are well def9$4 #d4 ,! cells are regul>4 #e4 ,! fruit does n decay1 except :5 ga!r$ be=e maturity1 or aft] ! p]iod :5 x has be5 prop]ly rip5$4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,depressa--,flat4 #a4 ,!y h ! bulge at ! same di/ance f ! eye z f ! /alk1 & are broadly flatt5$4 #b4 ,!y are always half an in* broad] ?an high4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,acum9ati--,po9t$4 #a4 ,!y are broad] ?an high4 #b4 ,!y dim9i% f ! middle ( ! apple t[>d ! eye1 s t ! sup]ior half is conical1 & is n at all simil> to ! inf]ior half4 ,,gr\p ,,iii4--,oblongi--,oblong or cyl9drical4 #a4 ,! hight & bread? are almo/ equal4 #b4 ,!y dim9i% gradually f ! base to ! apex4 #c4 ,or1 f ! middle ( ! fruit !y gradually dim9i% t[>d ! base & apex equally4 ,,gr\p ,,iv4--,sphrici--,r\nd4 #a4 ,! convexity ( ! fruit next ! base & ! apex is ! same4 #b4 ,! bread? does n diff] f ! hight1 except only ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 #c4 ,:5 laid on _! side !y pres5t a sph]ical %ape4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,contub]nalia--,,/or+ ,,apples4 #a4 ,hav+ ! cells regul>4 #b4 ,!y are n /rip$1 & are ei!r ( a uni=m color or wa%$ ) r$ on ! side next ! sun4 #c4 ,!y d n readily decay4 #d4 ,!y are n unctu\s :5 h&l$4 #e4 ,!y are nev] cov]$ ) bloom4 ,,gr\p ,i4--,acum9ati--,tap]+1 dim9i%+ t[>d ! eye4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4--,depressi--,flat4 ,^! are con/antly broad] ?an high4#dg ,aft] a long & c>eful consid]ation & /udy ( ?is subject1 ,i h prep>$ ! foll[+ =mula = ! ,,classification ,,( ,,apples4 ,x consi/s ( f\r classes t are bas$ ^u ! g5]al figure ( ! fruit2 ) two ord]s1 t are di/+ui%$ by a modification ( ! =m1 caus+ ! fruit to be regul>1 or irregul>1 & angul>4 ,! *>act]s ^u :i* ! classes are f\nd$ are exemplifi$ by a v]tical section ?r\gh ! l5g? ( ! axis ( ! fruit4 ,^? by :i* ! ,ord]s are di/+ui%$ are %[n by a transv]se section1 made at "r angles to ! axis1 or by hold+ ! fruit ) ! blossom end t[>d ! eye4#dh ,ea* ( ^! ,ord]s may conta9 two ,sections1 *>act]iz$ by _! flavor z sweet & s\r2 & ea* ( ^! may aga9 be sub-divid$ into ?ree ,sub-sections1 t are bas$ ^u color4 ,,class ,i4--,,oblate ,,or ,,flat1 hav+ ! axis %ort] ?an ! transv]se diamet]4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,sweet4 ,,section #b4--,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,pale or blu%$1 m or less1 b self-color$ & n /rip$4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,/rip$ or ,spla%$4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,russet$4 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical1 tap]+ decid$ly t[>d ! eye1 & becom+ ,,ovate :5 l>g] 9 ! middle & tap]+ to ea* end1 ! axial diamet] be+ ! %ort]4 ,,ord]s ,i & ,,ii4 ,,sections #a & #b4 ,,sub-,,sections #a1 #b1 & #c4 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd1 ,,globul> or ne>ly s1 hav+ ! axial & transv]se diamet]s ab\t equal1 ! =m] (t5 %ort] by less ?an "o-qu>t] ( ! latt]4 ,! ends are (t5 s flatt5$ z to look truncat$1 :5 ! fruit appe>s to be cyl9drical or globul>-oblate4 ,,ord]s1 ,,sections1 & ,,sub-,,sections1 z above4 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong1 9 :i* ! axis is long] ?an ! transv]se diamet]1 or appe>s s4 ,^! may also be truncate or cyl9drical4 ,,ord]s1 ,,sections1 & ,,sub-,,sections1 z above4 ,,footnotes3 #dg ,z translat$ = ,r4 ,hogg's ,briti% ,pomology4 #dh ,figures #cf to #df1 pp4 #cee to #cef4 ,,descriptions ,,( ,,apples4 ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,classification ,,alphabetically1 ,,"u ,,ea* ,,division4 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul> ,,9 ,,=m4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$1 ,,n ,,/rip$4 ,camack ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--;,,camack ,,sweet4 ,?is newly introduc$ sort is said to h orig9at$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a or ,georgia4 ,! trees cultivat$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are yet too "y = u to judge ( _! *>act]i/ics1 b !y appe> to be heal?y & vigor\s4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 flat1 regul>4 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-:ite1 r>ely blu%$ ) r$4 ,bas9 broad1 %all[1 & regul> or wavy2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute2 ,/em r long2 ,fle% yell[i%1 firm1 r t\gh1 b juicy1 ri* & sweet4 ,?is v>iety keeps well1 la/+ until ,may4 ,n yet suffici5tly te/$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,campfield4 ,,new>k ,,sweet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,,campfield4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,?is fruit is especially valuable = cid]1 b x may be us$ also 9 ! kit*52 be+ a long keep] & (t5 beautifully color$ at maturity 9 ! spr+1 x is (t5 expos$ on ! fruit-/&s1 :]e x attracts pur*as]s by ! great beauty ( its brilliant colors4 ,fruit always fair1 b its figure is v>iable1 be+ sometimes globul> or conical4 ,! *>act]i/ic =m is r\nd-oblate1 regul>2 ,size m$ium4 ,surface v smoo?1 ( a dull gre51 (t5 suffus$ ) a fa9t blu% on ! expos$ side2 b at maturity1 bright lemon yell[1 %ad$ ) c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 gray & ind5t$4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye r l>ge1 clos$2 ,segm5ts ( m$ium l5g?4 ,cavity regul>1 ) m$ium wid? & dep?2 ,/em m$ium1 r /\t4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 firm1 t\gh2 ,juice v sweet & ri* at maturity1 mak+ excell5t cid]4 ,season1 ,decemb] until ,m>*4 ,dill+ham4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 an old or*>d ( ,d4,c4 ,ri*mond1 ne> ,s&usky1 ,ohio4 ,tree productive1 & suffici5tly vigor\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--;,,dill+ham4 ,fruit r\nd-oblate r ?an flat1 g5]ally regul> & ( m$ium size2 ,surface r\gh1 yell[i%-gre51 & bronz$1 or %ad$ ) a purpli% t9t2 ,dots num]\s russet4 ,bas9 wide1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 wide1 regul>1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em sometimes long1 ( m$ium size1 r$4 ,core small & clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 br[n4 ,fle% yell[2 ,flavor sweet1 juicy2 ,use1 good = bak+2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,febru>y4 ,n highly e/eem$ nor l>gely cultivat$1 ?\gh its productiv5ess & sweetness w\ld r5d] x desirable = /ock-fe$+4 ,ene's ,w9t] ,sweet4 ,f ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ,elkton1 ,k5tucky2 a s\!rn fruit ( "s m]it4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface r\ghi%1 unev51 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$ & russet$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 russet ve9$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core r\nd1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*2 ,quality q good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,gre5 ,sweet4 ,,honey ,,gre5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--;,,gre5 ,,sweet4 ,tree vigor\s & productive 9 mo/ situations :]e cultivat$1 b is n mu* plant$ 9 ! ,we/4 ,fruit r small1 regul>1 & usually flat1 ?\gh sometimes conical2 ,surface smoo?1 gre52 ,dots :iti%1 ) gre5 bases4 ,bas9 r %all[ & wavy2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> & br[n2 ,/em long & /\t4 ,core clos$1 regul>1 meet+ ! eye1 conta9+ num]\s angul>1 acum9ate br[n se$s2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy & f9e gra9$2 v sweet1 & valu$ = bak+ & m>ket2 ^? :o d n admire sweet apples w\ld h>dly consid] x second rate4 ,season f ,decemb] to ,febru>y1 or ,m>*4 ,haskell's ,sweet4 ,f\nd 9 ! or*>d ( ,dr4 ,geo4 ,haskell1 at ,rock=d1 ,ill9ois4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface gre51 bronzy2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 :ite4 ,bas9 deep2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,a practical te/ at ! table ( m9e ho/ mu/ conv9ce any "o t ei!r ! apple or ! cook1 or bo?1 are em95tly des]v+4 ,?is is suppos$ to be ! ,massa*usetts v>iety ( ! same "n4 ,hay ,boys4 ,i d n "k :]e ?is summ] apple 0 produc$1 or *ri/5$ ) its peculi> cognom52 ,specim5s receiv$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lawr5ce ,co41 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 regul> or slightly angul>2 ,surface pale yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 d>k1 prom95t4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 wavy2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 fold$1 gre52 ,/em long4 ,core v wide1 flat1 op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 break+2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good1 to v good2 ,use1 table & bak+2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,lanca/] ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--,,lanca/] ,,sweet4 ,orig9 unkn[n1 gr[n 9 ,c5tral ,ohio1 :]e x is mu* admir$ = bak+ & apple butt]4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 slightly conical2 ,surface gre52 ,dots scatt]$1 d>k1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts ( calyx long & reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em v %ort & small4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 d>k1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 ri*2 v sweet4 ,quality n fir/ rate1 except = cook+2 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,london ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--,,london ,,sweet4 ,?is vigor\s1 upright1 & productive tree is suppos$ to h _h its orig9 ne> ,dayton1 ,ohio1 :5ce x has be5 l>gely dissem9at$1 giv+ entire satisfaction to all ( its plant]s4 ,foliage abundant1 & q d>k color$4 ,fruit always fair1 regul>1 flat1 & ( l>ge size2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 ) scatt]$ dots t are (t5 color$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 (t5 hav+ conc5tric cracks2 ,eye small & clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort1 r ?ick4 ,core m$ium wid? & clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,axis v %ort2 ,se$s v>iable1 "s be+ plump & "s imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 r dry1 b v sweet2 ,quality good2 & consid]$ by "s p]sons ! v be/ bak+ apple ( its season1 :i* is f ,novemb] to ,janu>y or lat]4 ,m\nta9 ,sweet4 ,,m\nta9e]4 ,f ,p5nsylvania2 exhibit$ by ,joel ,wood1 be=e ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society4 ,fruit l>ge1 beautiful1 b too delicate = transportation1 oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 light1 yell[2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em %ort1 sl5d]4 ,core wide1 op51 d>k1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 v t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 bak+2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,a rival ( ,broadwell or ,ladies' ,sweet+4 ,munson ,sweet4 ,,orange ,,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,,munson ,,sweet4 ,?is ,new ,engl& v>iety is consid]$ q promis+ 9 its new we/]n homes1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x is n yet widely kn[n or te/$4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 & productive :5 e/abli%$2 said to be a regul> be>]4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat2 ,surface smoo?1 gre51 becom+ yell[2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 small1 abrupt1 (t5 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core small1 clos$2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality ne>ly fir/ rate2 ,valuable = bak+2 ,season e>ly w9t]4 ,snepps'4 ,,jno4 ,,snepps'4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--,,snepps'4 ,?is f9e apple is believ$ to h orig9at$ at ,ed9burgh1 ,indiana1 & 0 br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,/ate ,society by ! or*>di/ ^: "n x be>s1 & by :om x has be5 di/ribut$4 ,z x appe>s to be di/9ct f any kn[n fruit1 x is "h describ$4 ,tree vigor\s & suffici5tly productive4 ,fruit above m$ium1 almo/ l>ge1 flat1 g5]ally regul>4 ,surface ne>ly smoo?1 ( a dull gre51 becom+ pale yell[1 ) num]\s d>k dots1 t (t5 give x a gray appe>ance4 ,bas9 r %all[1 sometimes fold$ or wavy2 ,eye l>ge & clos$2 ,segm5ts ( ! calyx co>se4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 r deep2 ,/em m$ium to %ort1 /\t4 ,core l>ge b clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[i%1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v ri*1 & agreeably sweet :5 ripe2 ,use1 f9e dess]t fruit1 & good = cook+2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,sup]b ,sweet4 ,?is v>iety is wor?y ( m att5tion ?an x has receiv$2 native ( ,massa*usetts1 :]e x is a vigor\s & productive tree4 ,its p]iod ( maturity makes x less valuable ?an x w\ld o!rwise be4 ,fruit above m$ium1 r\ndi%2 ,surface smoo?1 ( a pale yell[ color1 (t5 %ad$ ) r$4 ,bas9 r %all[1 broad2 ,calyx l>ge1 op54 ,cavity regul>1 deep2 ,/alk long4 ,fle% :ite1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sweet4 ,cole gives its season z ,septemb] & ,octob]1 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,trumbull ,sweet4 ,,f5ton ,,sweet4 ,?is is ano!r f9e :ite sweet apple1 orig9at+ 9 ,ohio1 :i*1 not)/&+ its beauty1 is less e/eem$ on acc\nt ( its season1 b its productiv5ess makes x valuable = /ock-fe$+4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive1 & an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit above m$ium1 regul>1 flat2 ,surface v smoo?1 pale yell[1 or :ite1 resembl+ ivory2 ,dots scatt]+1 m9ute4 ,bas9 deep1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 r op54 ,cavity deep2 ,/em %ort4 ,core clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,baltimore4--,( ,elliott4 ,,flu%+ ,,spitz5b]g1 ,,( ,,nor?we/4--,,cable',s ,,gillifl[]4--,,royal ,,pipp9 ,,9 ,,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--;,,baltimore4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v satisfactory second rate fruit is unkn[n1 ?\gh x is ext5sively cultivat$ 9 we/]n or*>ds1 especially 9 ! lake c\ntry1 = x is sc>cely kn[n )9 ! ,ohio riv] fruit region4 ,tree ?rifty1 suffici5tly vigor\s b ) sl5d] gr[?1 v productive1 spread+4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 almo/ r\nd 9 "s specim5s1 ,surface smoo?1 r$1 /rip$ ) deep r$ & (t5 cov]$ ) :iti% or gray m>k+s t give x a blue appe>ance l a bloom2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 yell[ or fawn color4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 almo/ sweet1 aromatic1 lack+ "*2 ,( second quality1 b valuable = m>ket2 ,decemb] & ,janu>y2 ,n dispos$ to rot1 does n %[ bruises4 ,butt]4 ,,fulk]son',s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--;,,butt]4 ,! orig9 ( ?is fruit has n be5 def9itely trac$1 & ?\gh n v widely diffus$1 x is a prime favorite ) its acqua9tances1 & ! lov]s ( ri* apple-butt]4 ,fruit small1 v regul>1 oblate2 ,surface v smoo?1 & s cov]$ ) mix$ r$ z r>ely to %[ ! yell[ gr\nd color2 ^u ?is are laid d>k] /ripes ( deep r$2 ,dots m9ute & inconspicu\s4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 or fold$2 ,eye r l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em ( m$ium ?ickness1 r long4 ,core wide1 l>ge1 clos$2 ) l>ge1 plump1 po9t$ se$s2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ) a sweet1 ri* & aromatic flavor4 ,valuable = /ock & = apple-butt]2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,janu>y4 ,conant's ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--;,,conant',s ,,r$4 ,?is v>iety is cultivat$ 9 s\!rn ,ohio & adjac5t regions1 to :i* x has be5 di/ribut$ by ! v5]able ,pomologi/1 ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ( ,quak] ,bottom1 to :om ! au?or is "u _m obligations = valuable in=mation connect$ ) ! fruits ( t productive region4 ,fruit full m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 & sometimes ne>ly r\nd4 ,9 appe>ance ?is apple is n v prepossess+1 z ! surface is r\gh1 ! yell[ gr\nd is obscur$ by mix$ r$1 ^u :i* are r$ /ripes & /reaks ( russet2 dots are num]\s1 m9ute1 ind5t$1 yell[ or fawn color$4 ,bas9 r deep1 abrupt1 regul> or wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy or regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 "s are imp]fectly develop$2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid to sweet1 v aromatic1 agreeable1 fitt+ x admirably = a dess]t fruit1 z :i* x is ne>ly fir/ rate4 ,season f ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 ,connett ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4--;,,connett ,,sweet4 ,! tree gr[s vigor\sly1 is upright & productive1 be>+ e>ly4 ,its orig9 ,i h n le>n$1 b procur$ ! specim5s f my valu$ fri5d1 ,jno4 ,c4 ,teas1 ( ,raysville1 ,indiana4 ,fruit ( good size1 regul>1 flat2 ,surface r r\gh1 dull r$1 ) indi/9ct /ripes2 ,dots few1 d>k1 sunk54 ,bas9 n deep1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye r l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core wide1 clos$2 ,se$s ( m$ium size2 ,fle% compact1 yell[1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality v good2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,granniw9kle4 ,?is is suppos$ to be ! fam\s cid] apple ( ,new ,j]sey1 describ$ by ,coxe1 except t ! =m is diff]5t2 x has z good qualities = mak+ a ri* cid]2 specim5s obta9$ f ,w4,c4 ,hampton4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface dull r$1 /rip$ purple2 ,dots num]\s1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 t\gh2 ,flavor sweet2 ,use1 cid]2 ,season1 w9t]4 ,j]sey ,sweet4 ,,am]ican4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4--;,,j]sey ,,sweet4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry ?is is a favorite bak+ apple1 b its great productiv5ess r5d]s x small1 & makes x r a /ock apple4 ,tree vigor\s1 r\nd-head$2 ,%oots %ort-jo9t$ & r$2 ,foliage abundant4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 globul>-oblate1 sometimes r conical1 7accord+ to ,elliott ,d[n+1 r\ndi%-ovate1 b ! draw+ giv5 by ! latt] is globul>72 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) r$1 mix$1 /rip$ & spla%$ c>m9e1 m or less di/9ctly2 ,dots g5]ally m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium to wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 g5]ally clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 r deep1 br[n1 & 9 ,mi*igan (t5 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long1 gre54 ,core wide1 regul>1 p>tially op5 9 "s specim5s1 b g5]ally clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 wide1 po9t$1 plump2 fle% pale yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 aromatic & ri*2 ,use1 ! dess]t1 = ^? :o l sweet apples1 b especially valu$ = bak+ & = fe$+ /ock4 ,season ,augu/ to ,octob]4 ,moore's ,sweet+4 ,,r$ ,,sweet ,,pipp94--,,black ,,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--,,moore',s ,,sweet+4 ,?is valuable w9t] sweet apple is mu* cultivat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ on acc\nt ( its productiv5ess1 & ! am\nt ( nutrim5t x furni%es to bo? man & animals4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 spread+1 r\nd1 ) bran*es suffici5tly op52 ,%oots d>k olive2 ,foliage l>ge1 d>k gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 cov]$ ) dull r$ 9 confus$ /ripes & %ad$ ) gray t gives ! fruit a purple hue2 ,dots m9ute & few2 ,sk9 ?ick4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy or fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide or acute1 deep1 gre5 or br[n2 ,/em %ort1 r /\t4 ,core small1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 pale2 ,fle% yell[1 dry1 firm2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality inf]ior1 = ! dess]t2 ,use1 bak+1 m>ket1 /ock1 cid]2 ,season f ,decemb] to ,m>* & lat]1 keep+ v s\nd4 ,putnam ,sweet4 ,orig9at$ ne> ,m>ietta1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$1 spla%$ & /rip$ deep r$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 pale2 ,fle% t5d]2 ,flavor sweet2 quality v good2 ,use1 kit*51 /ock2 ,season ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,ri*mond4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4--,,ri*mond4 ,describ$ by ,f4,r4 ,elliott1 au?or ( ,am]ican ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,guide1 & nam$ = our mutual fri5d1 ,d4,c4 ,ri*mond1 ne> ,s&usky1 ,ohio1 :o f\nd x 9 an old se$l+ or*>d ) sev]al o!r good v>ieties4 ,! se$s 7 suppos$ to h be5 br\ght f ! old ,fr5* or*>ds ( ,canada4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive1 & w\ld appe> to h be5 h>dy4 ,mr4 ,elliott says3 ,fruit l>ge2 ,=m r\ndi%1 occasional specim5s h "o side a little enl>g$2 ,color light yell[ gr\nd1 mo/ly or q ov]spread ) light & d>k r$ /ripes1 _m dots or specks ( light russet2 ,/em v>y+1 mo/ly %ort1 sl5d]2 ,cavity deep1 op51 regul>1 a little br[ni% at bottom2 ,calyx l>ge1 segm5ts long2 ,bas9 deep1 op51 uni=mly furr[$2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 delicate1 sweet2 ,core m$ium2 ,se$s l>ge1 full2 ,season ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,sweet ,v&]v]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4--,,sweet ,,v&]v]e4 ,?is is ano!r we/]n favorite ) ! admir]s ( sweet apples4 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 heal?y1 & productive2 twigs sl5d]1 l ^? ( ! true ,v&]v]es4 ,fruit ( good size1 f full m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 oblate1 & resembl+ ! ,p5nsylvania ,v&]v]e2 surface v smoo?1 yell[1 %ad$ ) mix$ r$1 & /rip$ ) dull or d>k r$2 ,dots yell[1 scatt]$1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity sometimes wide & regul>1 or acute2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$2 ,se$s m$ium to long1 angul>2 ,fle% firm1 break+1 yell[2 ,flavor sweet1 pleasant2 ,quality n fir/ rate1 valu$ = bak+ & = /ock2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,bett] ,?an ,good4 ,,juicy ,,bite4 ,l our /&>d au?ority1 ,i am oblig$ to quote f ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's ,transactions4 ,orig9 unc]ta91 7,elliott says f ,p5nsylvania72 ,tree ?rifty1 r sl5d]1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate2 ,sk9 pale yell[1 ) a few br[n dots4 ,bas9 l>ge & op52 ,calyx clos$4 ,cavity broad2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% yell[i%1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild1 pleasant1 sub-acid2 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,bohanon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--;,,bohanon4 ,?is apple 0 br\ght into notice by ,lewis ,s&]s1 t vet]an agriculturi/ ( ,k5tucky1 :o 0 equally rem>kable z a plant] ( *oice fruits1 & bre$] ( f9e cattle4 ,mr4 ,elliott ?9ks ?is v>iety may h _h its orig9 9 ,virg9ia4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s & productive4 ,fruit full m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 r>ely incl9$ to be angul>1 sometimes slightly conical2 ,surface v smoo?1 :iti%1 or wax51 occasionally blu%$ ) pale c>m9e1 mak+ x v beautiful2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 n>r[1 fold$1 wavy & irregul>2 ,eye clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 br[n2 ,/em r long4 ,core regul>1 small1 pyri=m1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 compress$2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 sub-acid2 ,quality v good & pref]r$ z a dess]t fruit to ! ,maid5's ,blu% :i* x mu* resembles )\t hav+ ! peculi> flavor ( t v>iety4 ,cornfield4 ,a s\!rn v>iety receiv$ f ,j4,s4 ,d[n] ,son4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-oblate or cyl9drical1 truncate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ deep r$1 /rip$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity wide1 acute2 ,/em %ort4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 h>dly clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 r dry2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,crack+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4--;,,crack+4 ,?is v>iety _h its orig9 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,ohio4 ,! tree is a /rong gr[] & productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 some:at unev5 & irregul>1 b h&some2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[ until ripe1 :5 x is (t5 t+$ ) r$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 ind5t$ & gre54 ,bas9 wide1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 r /\t4 ,core wide1 op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 quality ne>ly fir/ rate2 ,use1 kit*5 & table2 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,cranb]ry ,pipp94 ,?is is a beautiful apple :i* orig9at$ ne> ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 v productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 bright1 cle> yell[1 ) a %9+ sc>let *eek2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 regul> or wavy2 ,eye small1 %ort1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core small1 oval1 j meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 long2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor mild1 sub-acid2 ,quality v good = cook+1 n = dess]t2 ,season ,novemb] to ,febru>y 9 ,new ,york4 ,dalton4 ,specim5s f ,mr4 ,w>r51 ( ,massa*usetts4 ,orig9 & hi/ory unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 becom+ greasy2 ,dots scatt]$1 gre54 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 po9t$2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core m$ium1 wide1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle%1 gre5i%-:ite1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use kit*51 table2 ,season ,septemb]4 ,n p>ticul>ly desirable4 ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4--;,,e>ly ,,h>ve/4 ,?is ,am]ican apple has long be5 a prime favorite 9 ! or*>d1 especially :5 plant$ = family use1 s9ce x is ( excell5t quality = table z well z 9 ! kit*54 ,= ! comm]cial or*>d1 h[ev]1 x is fall+ into disfavor ) ! m>ket m51 because ( its unc]ta9ty1 & its pron5ess to be defective on "s soils4 ,tree spread+1 heal?y & vigor\s2 ! limbs are v /rongly atta*$ to ! trunk by a woody enl>gem5t at _! base1 & ! pale olive twigs are rem>kable = _! peculi> mode ( production 9 twos & ?rees f a common orig94 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 sometimes almo/ r\nd1 z describ$ by ,d[n+1 b ?is is r>e 9 ! ,we/1 :]e ! oblate =m prevails4 ,surface smoo?1 cle>1 waxy yell[1 v r>ely blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 gre54 ,bas9 regul>1 n>r[1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core r\nd1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 po9t$2 ,fle% t5d]1 break+1 juicy1 acid to sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,( fir/ quality = table or kit*5 dur+ ! mon? ( ,july4 ,fau/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4--;,,fau/4 ,?is v nice apple1 receiv$ f ,s4,w4 ,we/brooke1 ( ,gre5sboro1 ,n4,c41 des]ves ! comm5dation ( its s\!rn admir]s4 ,fruit regul>1 globul>-oblate1 ( m$ium size2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ) a :ite bloom & sunk5 :ite dots4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 to long4 ,core wide1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 & fir/ quality = table or dess]t use1 9 ,novemb] or lat]4 ,f9ley4 ,,abbott8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4--;,,f9ley4 ,?is f9e fruit orig9at$ 9 ,k5tucky & is cultivat$ to "s ext5t 9 ,s\!rn ,indiana1 :]e x is consid]$ entitl$ to ! me$ ( excell5ce1 & pref]r$ to ! ,e>ly ,h>ve/ on ! "o h&1 & to ! ,maid5's ,blu% on ! o!r2 & 9 its season1 x competes ) bo?1 be+ useful 9 ,july = ! kit*51 & rip5+ gradually until ,septemb]4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 vigor\s & productive4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 regul>1 globul>-oblate1 slightly conical2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 becom+ a cle> lemon yell[ at maturity2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 scatt]+4 ,bas9 r wide1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 m$ium to deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 yell[4 ,core he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 l>ge1 plump1 & "s imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 acid1 almo/ fir/ quality2 ,valuable = kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,f9k4 ,,f9k',s ,,se$l+4 ,?is long keep] 0 br\ght be=e ! notice ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society _m ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,cl>ke1 ( ,som]set1 ,ohio4 ,mr4 ,elliott consid]$ x ! same z ,tewksbury ,w9t] ,blu%1 & introduces ,f9k's ,se$l+ z a synonym ( t v>iety4 ,o!rs ?9k x a diff]5t fruit1 among :om is t practical ,pomologi/1 ! ,secret>y ( t association1 ,m4,b4 ,bateham1 ,esq41 :o has propagat$ & plant$ ! trees ext5sively4 ,x 0 describ$ z ,f9k's ,se$l+ 9 ! ,ohio ,cultivator1 ,may1 #ahdg4 ,at ! meet+ ( #ahed1 ! m]its & claims ( ?is v>iety 7 freely discuss$1 & ! ,society nam$ x ! ,f9k1 aft] admitt+ t x 0 an orig9al se$l+1 z /at$ by ,mr4 ,f9k1 9 ^: se$l+ or*>d x _h orig9at$4 ,tree ( /rong upright gr[?1 a pr(use & annual be>]4 ,fruit small1 regul>1 r\ndi%-oblate2 ,surface v smoo?1 poli%$1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$ ) br[ni%-r$2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 juicy1 mild sub-acid2 rem>kable = its keep+ qualities1 rema9+ s\nd until ! second season1 & has be5 %[n 9 ,may aft] hav+ be5 kept ov] two w9t]s4 ,fulton4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #gb4--;,,fulton4 ,orig91 ,canton ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive1 annual be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 (t5 oblique or unsymmetrical2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 ) a c>m9e blu%2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium to l>ge1 op54 ,cavity deep1 n>r[ or acute1 gre5 & br[n2 ,/em r long & sl5d]4 ,core small1 r\nd1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 %ort & plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 l9e gra9$1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid & aromatic2 ,fir/ quality = table2 ,9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,our ,ill9ois or*>di/s d n comm5d x s highly z :5 fir/ introduc$2 n fully satisfactory :]e plant$ 9 ,ohio on lime/one clays4 ,gold5 ,se$l+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4--;,,gold5 ,,se$l+4 ,said to h orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,riehl1 ( ,/4 ,l\is1 cultivat$ & di/ribut$ by ,geo4 ,husmann1 ( ,h]mann1 ,mo41 9 ^: or*>d ,i ga!r$ x4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 regul>1 & oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 & blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 meet+ ! eye1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 pale2 ,fle% yell[1 juicy1 ri*2 ,v good4 ,gre5 ,crank4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4--;,,gre5 ,,crank4 ,i h receiv$ ?is s\!rn apple f ,k5tucky1 ,t5n41 & also f ,georgia1 b h n yet fruit$ x4 ,tree mod]ately ?rifty2 ,%oots br[n2 ,foliage small4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 flatt5$ some:at1 conical1 regul>2 ,surface gre5 to yell[1 sometimes bronz$2 dots small1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 gre51 ?ick4 ,core wide1 m$ium1 clos$1 n clasp+ ! eye2 se$s num]\s1 plump1 %ort1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use table1 kit*52 ,season ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,hawley4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4--;,,hawley4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,columbia ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 ) a r\nd spread+ head2 ,%oots /\t1 olive4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 oblate or slightly conic2 ,surface waxy yell[1 r>ely %ad$ or blu%$1 becomes oily or greasy :5 kept4 ,bas9 r wide1 wavy2 ,cavity wide1 sometimes fold$2 ,/em %ort1 m$ium & long4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 sc>cely clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s g5]ally imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 v t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v pleasant1 mild sub-acid1 ri*2 ,season ,augu/ to ,septemb]2 an amateur's fruit4 ,haw?ornd54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4--;,,haw?ornd54 ,?is fam\s ,scot* fruit appe>s to d v well 9 ?is c\ntry1 b x mu/ yield ! palm to its ,am]ican c\s9 & repres5tative1 ! ,maid5's ,blu%1 :i* possesses all its good qualities z a m>ket & kit*5 fruit1 ) attractive appe>ance4 ,tree spread+1 vigor\s & productive2 an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 & v flat2 ,surface p]fectly smoo?1 always fair1 & ( a beautiful :ite1 v r>ely & fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 n>r[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core wide1 regul>1 some:at op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect1 br[n2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic2 ( second quality = table1 b fir/ rate = cook+2 ,uses1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season ,octob]4 ,junaliska4 ,?is apple orig9at$ 9 ! ,*]okee c\ntry1 :]e x is highly e/eem$1 & fruit$ 9 ,ohio & ,k5tucky ?is ye>4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 or flatt5$1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ) "s russet1 *iefly ab\t ! apex2 sometimes blu%$2 ,dots m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 r small1 regul>2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em q %ort1 knobby4 ,core wide1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$2 ,axis %ort2 se$s few1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 granul>2 flavor sub-acid1 spicy1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season ,novemb]1 & ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,x may be de/9$ to supply ! place ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 :]e t v>iety does n succe$4 ,kane4 ,,ca94 ,orig91 ,delaw>e4 ,tree upright1 suffici5tly vigor\s4 ,has be5 conf\nd$ ) ! ,bohanon1 b is di/9ct4 ,fruit small1 regul>1 oblate1 some:at conic2 ,beautiful = ! dess]t2 ,surface v smoo?1 wax5 yell[1 blu%$ ) bright crimson2 ,fle% :iti%1 crisp1 juicy1 acid & pleasant2 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,lady4 ,,api ,,petit1 ,,etc4 ,?is beautiful little ,fr5* apple has be5 fully naturaliz$ 9 our c\ntry1 & has receiv$ ! en?usia/ic admiration ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,! fruit ne$s to be entirely p]fect to meet ) favor z an ornam5t to ! table1 = :i* use x is especially adapt$2 un=tunately x is (t5 ov]gr[n & irregul>ly develop$4 ,:]ev] produc$ 9 prop] size & color1 x is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable v>ieties1 comm&+ fancy prices at ! p]iod ( ,*ri/mas decorations4 ,9 ! ri* soils ( ! ,we/ x is apt to be too l>ge1 & has g5]ally fail$ to meet ! requisitions2 b x succe$s well 9 ,mi*igan1 & ! neighbor+ region ( ,indiana4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 v close & upright1 heal?y & productive2 ,%oots v d>k2 ! foliage small1 cr[d$1 curl$1 & v d>k4 ,fruit v small1 q flat1 v regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 %9+ or poli%$1 ( a pale wax5 yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) bright c>m9e1 :i* contra/s f9ely ) ! gr\nd color1 :]ev] ! fruit has be5 %ad$ by a leaf2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 r abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core regul>1 wide1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s2 ,axis v %ort2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 t5d] & juicy :5 ripe2 ) a mild sub-acid flavor2 ,use ornam5t & dess]t2 ,season ,decemb] until ,m>*4 ,maid5's ,blu%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4--,,maid5',s ,,blu%4 ,?is beautiful & pr(itable fruit has receiv$ ! unqualifi$ approbation ( ?irte5 out ( ! eighte5 ,/ates t h report$ to ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,x is a native ( ,new ,j]sey1 & is /ill held 9 high repute !re z a m>ket apple4 ,! tree is h>dy1 vigor\s1 spread+ & productive1 beg9n+ to be> q e>ly4 ,fruit m$ium1 to l>ge1 regul>1 flat & v h&some2 ,surface v smoo?1 poli%$1 ( a pale wax5 yell[ & blu%$ ) bright c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul> or wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic1 & to mo/ palates n agreeable at ! dess]t1 b v good :5 cook$1 & requir+ b a %ort "t to be r$uc$ to a delici\s pulp ( light color4 ,?is apple is also us$ = dry+ & makes a v light color$ product1 t is mu* admir$ by deal]s4 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]1 b may be us$ 9 ! kit*5 dur+ ,augu/4 ,ba*elor's ,blu% appe>s to be a v>iety ( ! above2 f\nd 9 ,burl+ton ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 & exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society at ! ,ro*e/] meet+ 9 #ahfd1 by ,wm4 ,p>ry1 z a valuable1 & di/9ct v>iety4 ,hav+ exam9$ ! trees z !y grew toge!r 9 ! or*>d1 ! resemblance to ,maid5's ,blu% 0 v app>5t4 ,! fruit is l>g]1 & = m>ket purposes is consid]$ m pr(itable4 ,! two may be diff]5t1 b are v mu* alike4 ,pick>d's ,res]ve4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4--,,pick>d',s ,,res]ve4 ,gr[n 9 ,p>ke ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 f se$ br\ght f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,?is apple 0 fir/ br\ght to my notice by ,jno4 ,c4 ,teas1 ( ,raysville1 ,indiana4 ,consid]ably gr[n 9 t ,/ate4 ,tree h>dy2 ! orig9al is /ill /&+ 9 ,rockville4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 some:at unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 r deep2 ,eye q small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core irregul>1 clos$1 sc>cely clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k br[n2 ,fle% :iti%-yell[1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy1 ) a sub-acid1 aromatic flavor1 mak+ ?is a fruit ( fir/ quality = table or kit*5 use2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4--,,rhode ,,isl& ,,gre5+4 ,f its "n ?is apple w\ld appe>1 l ! ,peck's ,pleasant1 to h come f ! sea-girt ,/ate4 ,x is a univ]sal favorite1 & is f\nd to succe$ well 9 a great _m situations2 b !re are "s portions ( ! ,we/ :]e x has fail$ to give satisfaction1 be+ sl[ to come into be>+1 becom+ an autumn in/ead ( a w9t] fruit1 & fall+ badly f ! trees be=e pick+ "t4 ,9 s&/one soils1 h[ev]1 ev5 9 ,s\!rn ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 x does bett] ?an on ! lime/one clays2 ! fruit atta9s an enorm\s size1 b matures too e>ly = a w9t] apple4 ,tree v vigor\s1 crook$1 spread+1 productive2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k1 ) d>k foliage4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 v>y+ 9 %ape f globul> or r\nd to flat1 :i* is ! prevail+ & *>act]i/ic =m4 ,surface smoo? 9 ! ,nor?1 some:at r\gh & (t5 q russet$ 9 ! ,s\?1 a dull gre51 becom+ yell[ at maturity2 ,dots grey1 irregul>1 num]\s4 ,bas9 regul>1 small & russet$ to a great] or less ext5t1 sometimes ext5d+ half way d[n ! sides ( ! fruit2 ,eye small to m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to long1 curv$1 (t5 r$di%4 ,core r\ndi%-oval1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% v yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy1 ) a ri*1 acid flavor1 mak+ x a sup]ior cook+ apple1 & v f9e = ! dess]t :5 fully ripe2 ,quality almo/ fir/ rate2 ,season ,octob] to ,decemb]--9 ! ,nor?1 keep+ until ,m>*4 ,tewksbury ,w9t] ,blu%4 ,?is long-keep+ v>iety 0 describ$ by ,coxe z hav+ its orig9 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,x has already be5 nam$ 9 connection ) ! ,f9k1 :i* resembles x v closely1 &1 l x1 ! *ief excell5ce ( ?is v>iety consi/s 9 its sup]ior keep+ qualities4 ,! tree is vigor\s1 upright1 productive1 & holds ! apples well4 ,fruit small1 regul>1 flat2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 blu%$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy1 well flavor$1 & reta9s its *>act]s = a long "t4 ,virg9ia ,gre5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--,,virg9ia ,,gre5+4 ,?is apple is suppos$ f its "n to h orig9at$ 9 ,virg9ia4 ,x is cultivat$ *iefly 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,nor?we/ to :i* ,s\!rn]s h migrat$4 ,its *ief m]it is its long keep+4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 flat to r\ndi%1 g5]ally ! =m]2 ,surface smoo?1 dull gre5 & (t5 bronzy1 nev] blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 :ite or gray1 ) :iti% r+s ar\nd !m4 ,bas9 regul>1 wide1 %all[2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em long to m$ium4 ,core regul>1 turb9ate1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long2 ,fle% :ite1 firm1 break+1 sub-acid2 ,fit only = ! kit*52 ,a long keep]2 ,m>* & ,april2 (t5 subject to ,bitt]-rot4 ,:ite ,fall ,pipp94 ,,fall ,,pipp9 ,,( ,,l\isville4 ,?is h&some fruit is se5 9 quantities 9 ! ,l\isville m>ket e fall4 ,its cultivation does n appe> to h be5 widely ext5d$1 nor has its orig9 be5 trac$4 ,x has be5 ?\ght to resemble ! ,spani% ,re9ette1 ) :i* ,i h n _h an opportunity to comp>e x4 ,fruit v l>ge1 slightly unev51 r\ndi%-flatt5$ or globul>-oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 n bronz$ or blu%$1 b hav+ a :iti% /rip+ t[>d ! /em end2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 d>k4 ,bas9 abrupt1 n>r[1 deep & fold$2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em v %ort4 ,core wide1 regul>1 some:at op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic & ri*2 ,useful = cook+1 dry+1 & table2 ,season ,octob]4 ,:ite ,juneat+4 ,,juneat+1 ,coxe4--,,yell[ ,,june4--,,e>ly ,,may8 ,d[n+ ?9ks ?is a v old v>iety1 m5tion$ by ,evelyn 9 #affj1 & by ,ray 9 #afhh4 ,x has long be5 kn[n 9 ! ,we/ & ,s\? z a v e>ly apple1 & valu$ on ?is acc\nt1 ?\gh q small4 ,! tree resembles t ( ! ,e>ly ,h>ve/ 9 ! color & arrangem5t ( its twigs4 ,fruit flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[4 ,bas9 n deep1 slightly fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 %all[2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,fle% break+1 :iti%1 juicy till ov]-ripe1 :5 x is dry2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,use table & m>ket2 ,season ,june4 ,w9t] ,pipp94 ,,w9t] ,,pipp9 ,,( ,,g5eva4 ,?is v h&some fruit 0 receiv$ f ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ( ,plym\?1 ,mi*igan1 m>k$ z hav+ be5 receiv$ f ,we/]n ,new ,york4 ,! same fruit 0 a v /rong competitor = ! ,greeley prize be=e ! ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute1 & is believ$ to be ! same z t describ$ by ,d[n+ z ! ,w9t] ,pipp9 ( ,g5eva4 ,tree ?rifty1 bran*es spread+2 ,said to be productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 regul>1 or slightly unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 ) a bright crimson *eek2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy1 or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 gre51 r deep2 ,/em long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 sub-acid2 ,season ,janu>y until ,may4 ,a limit$ acqua9tance does n ju/ify me 9 giv+ su* high praises z ^? be/[$ ^u ?is fruit by ,mr4 ,d[n+4 ,yell[ ,fo/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4--,,yell[ ,,fo/]4 ,?is apple is a favorite ) t wor?y pione] ,pomologi/ ( ,s\!rn ,ohio1 ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ( ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 to :om ,i am "u obligations = ?is & _m o!r v>ieties4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute gre54 ,bas9 ( m$ium dep? & size1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em ( m$ium size & l5g?4 ,core m$ium1 wide1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s n num]\s1 m$ium2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid & aromatic2 ,( fir/ quality = table2 ,dur+ ,octob]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,abram4 ,,fa!r ,,abraham1 ( ,ill9ois1 n t ( ,coxe4 ,?is little s\!rn favorite is n ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ! ,nor?1 except :]e s\!rn settl]s h introduc$ x4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana & ,miss\ri4 ,orig9 believ$ to h be5 9 ,virg9ia1 :5ce ,i h receiv$ specim5s & trees4 ,9 ,k5tucky x is f\nd to be a h>dy droop+ tree1 hold+ ! fruit well2 annually productive1 valu$ = cid]1 & keep+ till ,july ( next ye>4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>-oblate1 unev52 ,surface n smoo?1 yell[i% gre51 mix$1 r$1 ) /ripes & spla%es2 ! :ole pres5t+ a gray appe>ance2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 pale2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*2 almo/ fir/ quality2 keep+ until ,may or lat]4 ,am]ican ,pipp94 ,,gr9d/one4 ,?is fruit is *iefly valu$ = keep+ v late into ! summ]4 ,coxe comm5ds x = its cid]1 rat+ x z ne>ly equal to ! ,grey-,h\se2 he says t f\rte5 bu%els are requir$ to make a b>rel ( cid]4 ,! apples hang well to ! tree1 & w be> a consid]able am\nt ( freez+4 ,!y are s firm z to suff] little f bruis+1 & are n dispos$ to rot :5 ?us injur$4 ,a fruitman once said ( _! ability to )/& r\gh usage1 t ! apples might be :ipp$ (f ! tree ) a hoop-pole1 %ovel$ into a c>t1 dump$ ^u ! gr\nd1 & h "s dirt ?r[n ^u !m1 & t !y w\ld keep until next ,july2 b1 he add$1 !y are !n z good z dri$ apples2 s lightly are !y e/eem$ = table use4 ,! tree is ?rifty1 ) a l[1 spread+ head & dep5d+ bran*es2 v productive2 not)/&+ ! fruit is dry & defici5t 9 flavor1 x is consid]$ pr(itable1 because s easily kept until ,may & ,june1 :5 x comm&s ! highe/ price1 because ( ! r>ity ( gre5 fruit at t season4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 v flat2 ,surface r\gh1 sometimes ve9-russet$1 dull gre51 cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 & %ad$ ) /ripes ( brick-du/ color2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 v %all[1 wide1 regul> or plait$2 ,eye q small1 op54 ,cavity regul>1 br[n1 ?is color ext5d+ ov] ! base ( ! fruit2 ,/em m$ium1 (t5 ?ick & knobby4 ,core wide1 irregul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 dry1 v firm2 ,flavor mild sub-acid2 ,quality poor2 ,uses kit*5 & m>ket1 :i* la/ means t x may be sold to ^? :o d n appreciate ! summ] fruits ( ,may & ,june4 ,baldw94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,,baldw94 ,?is celebrat$ apple ( ,new ,engl& has be5 widely di/ribut$ ov] ! c\ntry1 b has n met ) univ]sal favor 9 ! ,we/ & ,s\?2 fir/1 because x is apt to become a fall or e>ly w9t] fruit1 in/ead ( a keep+ apple2 & secondly1 because x is n well adapt$ to our palates2 moreov]1 ! tree has be5 consid]$ t5d]1 hav+ suff]$ ext5sively dur+ ! cold w9t]s2 ?is is especially true 9 ! nurs]y4 ,its productiv5ess & fair quality w1 h[ev]1 always make ! ,baldw9 a favorite ov] a l>ge portion ( our c\ntry1 & ! ,new ,engl& settl]s mu/ h ?is v>iety4 ,tree robu/1 spread+1 v productive2 ,foliage l>ge1 d>k1 on %oots t are /\t & h a ri* br[n b>k4 ,fruit l>ge1 frequ5tly r\nd1 & sometimes almo/ conical1 b g5]ally incl9$ to be flatt5$1 s z to be class$ by measurem5t z oblate2 l>ge specim5s 9 s\!rn latitudes are v apt to be unequal1 & to h _! axis incl9$1 or to be :at is call$ lop-sid$2 surface smoo?1 ri* yell[ :]e %ad$1 b ! expos$ p>ts q cov]$ ) deep r$1 :i* is mix$ s z to conceal ! gr\nd color1 & also to obscure ! /ripes ( deep] r$ t prevail2 ?is fruit is also frequ5tly m>k$ ) ve9$ russet1 ov]ly+ ! r$ color1 or exclud+ x2 ,dots m9ute1 & yell[1 or gray :]e ! r$ prevails4 ,bas9 deep1 (t5 abrupt & n>r[1 g5]ally wav$1 fold$ or plait$1 & ^! m>ks are q *>act]i/ic2 ,eye l>ge & op51 f ! %ortness ( ! calyx4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! v>iety is consid]$ v subject to ! attacks ( ! ,codl+-mo?4 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 g5]ally br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 (t5 curv$ or incl9$1 suffici5tly /\t4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+1 sometimes clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 angul>1 imp]fect2 fle% yell[1 break+1 frequ5tly co>se-gra9$1 juicy1 sub-acid1 ri*2 "s nor!rn specim5s are f9e-gra9$ & almo/ fir/ quality2 ^? f ! ,s\? are co>se1 poor & sc>cely second-rate = table use1 b are good = cook+2 ,season ,octob] to ,janu>y1 occasionally keep+ lat]4 ,be?lemite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4--;,,be?lemite4 ,?is apple has frequ5tly be5 exhibit$ be=e ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 by fri5ds ,lipsey1 ,morris & ,b5$ict1 ( ,morr[ ,c\nty1 to :i* region its cultivation appe>s to h be5 conf9$4 ,! orig9 ( ! fruit is obscure4 ,tree ?rifty1 h>dy1 productive1 upright4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat1 or oblate-globul>1 regul>2 surface smoo?1 dull r$ or bright r$1 mix$1 on yell[1 ) brok5 spla%es ( crimson2 ,dots di/9ct1 l>ge1 gray & yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 deep1 regul> or fold$1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity r wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core regul>1 neat1 clos$1 j meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 v plump1 pale2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 juicy1 sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good1 = table & cook+2 ,season ,decemb]4 ,blond94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4--;,,blond94 ,?is f9e fruit orig9at$ ) ! vet]an ,pomologi/ ( ,indiana1 ,reub5 ,ragan4 ,fruit v l>ge1 oblate1 unequal2 ,surface r\gh1 gre5i%-yell[1 spla%$ & /rip$ ) r$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 r sl5d] incl9$4 ,core m$ium or small1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s plump1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 almo/ fir/ rate = table & m>ket2 ,season ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,bloom+ ,orange4 ,mr4 ,w>+ consid]s ?is ! h&some/ apple4 ,9 #ahci he br\ght a l>ge numb] ( sorts f ! fam\s ,h]e=d%ire apple or*>ds ( ,engl&1 ( :i* ?is is ! only "o he reta9s z fully adapt$ to ! m\nta9 region ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree a v /rong1 free1 h&some gr[]1 & an imm5se be>]1 aft] six or eight ye>s' gr[?4 ,fruit v l>ge1 fair1 beautiful1 r\ndi%-oblate1 regul>2 surface d>k1 ri*ly cl\d$ ) cl>et & mahogany1 on yell[ gr\nd2 ,eye op52 ,fle% crisp1 juicy1 acid at fir/1 b ?is m]ges into a ri*1 p5etrat+1 v agreeable flavor4 ,x is ( ! ,rib/on ,pipp91 or ,dut* ,mignonne type ( fruit4--,mr4 ,g4 ,w>+'s ,,ms4 ,bonum4 ,,magnum ,,bonum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4--;,,bonum4 ,?is delici\s s\!rn fruit orig9at$ 9 ,davidson ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! tree is vigor\s1 v productive & be>s e>ly4 ,i receiv$ specim5s f ,s4,w4 ,we/brooke1 ,gre5sboro'1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,introduc$ to ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society at ! ,philadelphia meet+1 #ahfj1 by ,walt] ,/eele1 ( ,rock+ham ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & highly recomm5d$4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 & /rip$2 ,dots di/9ct1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 n ?ick1 gre54 ,core oval1 small1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sub-acid2 fir/ quality = ! dess]t2 9 ,septemb]4 ,br&yw9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4--;,,br&yw9e4 ,?is apple 0 f\nd on ! edge ( ! prairie1 ea/ ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 9 ! or*>d ( ,k4,k4 ,jones1 ,esq41 :]e x 0 suppos$ to h be5 br\ght f ! ,/ate ( ,delaw>e4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 spread+ & productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 r\ndi%1 slightly conic1 regul>2 surface smoo?1 gre5i%1 cov]$ ) confus$ /ripes ( dull r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 :ite4 ,bas9 %all[1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em v %ort4 ,core small1 r\nd1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality only good2 ,use table1 kit*52 ,season ,janu>y1 ,febru>y4 ,bu*anan's4 ,orig9 ne> ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 9 ! or*>d ( ,rob]t ,bu*anan1 ,esq41 a g5tleman long devot$ to pomology4 ,x also closely resembles ! ,br&yw9e1 z gr[n 9 ,ill9ois1 already describ$4 ,?is v>iety is mu* l ! ,m9kl]1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,ill9ois1 & bo? may h come f se$s ( ! ,gilp91 :i* !y resemble4 ,tree vigor\s & productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ r$ & /rip$ bright r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em %ort or m$ium4 ,core flatt5$1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 firm1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality sc>cely second rate1 b useful = cook+1 & keeps s\nd until ,may4 ,c>ol9a ,baldw94 ,?is nice s\!rn apple 0 receiv$ f ,s4,w4 ,we/brooke1 ( ,gre5sboro'4 ,( ! tree ,i "k no?+4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface yell[-gre51 ) mix$ r$ & /ripes2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 :ite4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em1 m$ium to long4 ,core small1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$2 ,se$s po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor1 sub-acid2 good = table 9 ,novemb]4 ,*eese4 ,?is fruit 0 receiv$ f ,lewis ,s&]s1 ( ,grass ,hills1 ,gallat9 ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 by :om x 0 gr[n & e/eem$4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 /rip$ purple r$1 spla%$ deep r$2 dots scatt]$1 gray & purple4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 or abrupt & deep1 9 diff]5t specim5s2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,axis long2 ,se$s plump1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good = ! table 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,colv]t4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 slightly conic1 regul>1 (t5 unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 mix$1 /rip$1 light r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 di/9ct1 :ite4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium4 ,cavity r deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core r\nd1 flatt5$1 slightly op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$1 imp]fect2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 m>ket *iefly2 ,season ,octob]1 ,novemb]4 ,coop]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4--;,,coop]4 ,?is delici\s apple 0 introduc$ into ! ,we/ ) ! scions t 7 br\ght to ! e>ly ,putnam nurs]y at ! m\? ( ! ,musk+um riv] 9 #agif4 ,?\gh a g5]al favorite f its beauty1 its f9e texture1 & exquisite flavor1 ?is v>iety does n appe> to h be5 s widely spread z o!rs v inf]ior to x4 ,?\gh occurr+ on ! orig9al ,putnam li/1 & !re=e an ea/]n v>iety1 x does n appe> to h be5 recogniz$ by cultivators 9 ! old] ,/ates1 & !re are ^? 9 ! ,we/ :o claim t x is ( ,fr5* orig94 ,! tree has a /\t1 upright gr[?1 :i* becomes spread+ ) age1 :5 ! limbs /& at a "r angle ) ! trunk2 !y are frequ5tly defac$ ) m>ks ( diseas$ action t are call$ cank]4 ,! twigs are r$di% & r sl5d]2 ! leaves are pale gre51 l>ge1 broad4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 regul>1 sometimes unequal1 light2 ,surface smoo?1 pale wax5-yell[1 ) a little mix$ sc>let & v di/9ctly m>k$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 regul>1 abrupt1 deep2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 gre54 ,core small1 clos$1 j meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 %ort1 d>k2 ,fle% pale yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 almo/ melt+1 juicy2 v mild sub-acid1 aromatic2 ( fir/ quality = table1 kit*5 or m>ket 7too good = dry+1 b makes a sup]ior article ( snits72 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,dr4 ,watson4 ,,autumn ,,seek-,,no-,,fur!r ,,( ,,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4--;,,dr4 ,,watson4 ,?is delici\s & beautiful dess]t apple is mu* gr[n 9 ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,indiana1 p>ticul>ly among ! ,fri5ds4 ,x 0 = a long "t a puzzle to ! pomologi/s4 ,9 ! mean:ile x mu/ h a "n1 & )\t wait+ = ! decision ( ! le>n$1 ! p 9 diff]5t sections1 )\t consultation1 call$ x ! ,autumn ,seek-no-fur!r4 ,f9ally ! ,horticultural ,societies decid$ t x 0 an old sort nam$ ,doctor ,watson1 ?\gh ^u :at au?ority does n appe>4 ,! fruit has n be5 recogniz$ by our ,ea/]n fri5ds1 nor by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 to :i* x 0 ref]r$ 9 #ahfj4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 v productive2 ,twigs sl5d]1 foliage small1 pale gre52 9 ! nurs]y x is a poor gr[]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 unless :5 too cr[d$1 regul>1 oblate1 sometimes unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ pale & r$ on wax5-yell[1 beautifully spla%$ ) sc>let2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 r deep1 wide1 regul>1 sometimes crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 j meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 v t5d] & juicy1 almo/ melt+1 ) a ri*1 aromatic1 sub-acid flavor2 ,quality be/1 = table & kit*51 f ,septemb] to ,novemb]2 also valuable = /ock fe$+4 ,dom9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4--;,,dom9e4 ,suppos$ to be a native ( ?is c\ntry2 orig9 unkn[n4 ,tree v ?rifty1 mak+ long1 /\t1 br[n %oots1 :i* bran* f ! ends1 & =m spurs along _! sides1 s t ! tree has a /raggl+1 op5 head1 & be>s its fruit cr[d$ along ! small] bran*es4 ,x is h>dy1 upright1 vigor\s & productive4 ,foliage l>ge & long1 ) a peculi> curl or fold+ upw>ds1 s z to %[ ! und]side ( ! leaves4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 regul>1 sometimes unequal2 ,surface yell[i%-gre51 ne>ly cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 & /rip$ indi/9ctly ) c>m9e1 (t5 ve9-russet$2 ,dots scatt]$1 yell[ & gray1 l>ge4 ,bas9 r %all[1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye m$ium to small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 sl5d] at its ins]tion into ! fruit1 & easily sep>at$ f x1 b hold+ firmly to ! tree2 h5ce c>e is ne$$ 9 pick+ ! fruit4 ,core regul>1 some:at op51 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,axis (t5 %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% light yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 flavor slightly sub-acid1 ri*2 good1 = table1 kit*51 or m>ket2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 keep+ until spr+ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh4 ,?is v beautiful /rip$ apple is f ,russia1 & has prov$ "o ( ! h>die/ apples 9 our try+ climate4 ,reports f ! ,nor?we/ are entirely satisfactory z to its h>d9ess4 ,tree m$ium size1 r\nd-head$1 suffici5tly vigor\s & p]fectly h>dy4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 r\ndi%-oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 wax5-yell[1 p>tially cov]$ ) di/9ct & regul> /ripes & spla%es ( brilliant r$ & c>m9e2 (t5 hav+ a light bloom1 su* z is f\nd on mo/ ,russian apples4 ,bas9 regul>1 pretty wide2 ,eye l>ge & clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 acute2 ,/em m$ium to long1 r sl5d]4 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,s\r & suitable = cook+4 ,?\gh attractive to ! eye1 x is unsuit$ = ! dess]t4 ,by ,dr4 ,jno4 ,a4 ,k5nicott1 ! pione] cultivator ( ,nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ?is apple 0 consid]$ ! ne plus ultra = t & high] latitudes4 ,equ9etelee4 ,,ba*elor--,,by]s--,,iola 7,b]ckmans' ,m4,s47 ,,sol4 ,,c>tee 7,d[n+47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--;,,equ9etelee4 ,?is f9e s\!rn apple has its orig9 trac$ to ,yancey ,c\nty1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,x has n yet be5 suffici5tly te/$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 b is consid]$ "o ( ! be/ 9 ! ,s\?1 & is look$ ^u z hav+ great promise 9 our nor!rn or*>ds1 :]e x is some:at introduc$4 ,b]ckmans says3 ,! f9e/ ( ! late fall & w9t] apples4 ,! trees be> a /rong resemblance to ^? ( ! ,buck+ham4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 sometimes oblique2 ,surface light yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) bright crimson1 obscurely /rip$2 ,dots small1 :ite4 ,bas9 deep1 n>r[1 irregul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 deep2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% pale yell[1 v t5d]1 juicy1 melt+2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 mak+ x a v sup]ior table fruit1 f ,novemb] to ,janu>y 9 ,georgia1 accord+ to ,b]kmans4 ,ev5+ ,p>ty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4--;,,ev5+ ,,p>ty4 ,?is excell5t dess]t fruit orig9at$ 9 ,b]ks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 & 0 br\ght into notice by ! late lam5t$ ,dr4 ,br9kle1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 8 ad-int]im reports1 & also 9 ,h(fy's ,fruits4 ,x has be5 te/$ ) entire satisfaction by ,j4,d4,g4 ,nelson1 ,presid5t ( ! ,indiana ,horticultural ,society1 :o always has admir]s ( ! fruit exhibit$ by him at ! w9t] meet+s4 ,?is apple takes ! place at mid-w9t] :i* is occupi$ 9 summ] by ! ,e>ly ,joe1 & 9 autumn by ! ,jeff]ies1 ,dr4 ,watson & ,coop]4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 regul>1 q flat2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ r$1 & c>m9e /ripes on wax5-yell[ gr\nd2 ,dots num]\s1 di/9ct1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul> deep2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 gre51 sl5d]4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 t\*+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s %ort1 wide1 d>k2 ,fle% light yell[1 v f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 fir/ quality1 or v be/1 = ! dess]t1 or ! ev5+ p>ty1 dur+ ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,fall ,w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4--;,,fall ,,w9e4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,a great favorite 9 ! ,we/ z a table fruit2 little gr[n 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :5ce x 0 br\ght4 ,d[n+ supposes ?is is because ! fruit is !re defective4 ,9 virg9 soil x is rem>kably fair & h&some4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 r sl5d]1 b heal?y1 spread+1 & annually productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 h&some2 incl9$ to crack op5 if left on ! tree till ripe2 ,surface v smoo?1 wax5-yell[1 almo/ completely cov]$ ) bright1 & (t5 deep r$1 ^u :i* x is indi/9ctly /rip$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 regul> or wavy2 eye small1 clos$2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 uni=mly gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul> or plump2 fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 flavor mild sub-acid1 & v aromatic2 ,quality be/1 = table & m>ket1 dur+ ,septemb] & ,octob] or lat]4 ,g>d54 ,,g>d5 ,,royal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4--;,,g>d54 ,?is f9e apple has be5 receiv$ f q di/ant po9ts1 ,*illico!1 ,ohio1 & ,salem1 ,indiana4 ,x is q di/9ct 9 season f ! ,beef/eak or ,g>d5 ( ,d[n+1 b 9 description corresponds v closely ) ! ,g>d5-,royal ( ,elliott1 :i* fruit ,i h n se54 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit pretty l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 slightly %ad$ r$1 scatt]$ /ripes1 c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 black4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 gre52 /em %ort to m$ium1 sometimes knobby4 ,core wide1 clos$ or op51 regul>1 clasp+ ! eye2 se$s small1 po9t$1 br[n2 fle% pale yell[ or :iti%1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 sac*>9e1 agreeable2 ,quality v good to be/2 ,use dess]t1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season ,augu/ to ,octob]2 wor?y ( cultivation4 ,golay4 ,?is fruit orig9at$ ne> ,vevay1 ,indiana1 & is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ! ,janet1 :i* x some:at resembles4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 some:at conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$1 /rip$1 purpli%-r$2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 scatt]$1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core v small1 pyri=m1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,may4 ,h>ve/ ,r$/reak4 ,?is old v>iety is valu$ only z an e>ly cook+ apple1 = :i* x has be5 f\nd v pr(itable1 by ^? :o att5d m>ket4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,introduc$ into ! ,we/ by ,silas ,:>ton1 f ! neighborhood ( ,philadelphia1 :]e x 0 cultivat$ l>gely4 ,n recogniz$ among ! v>ieties describ$ by ,coxe4 ,tree spread+1 op51 r\nd-head$2 ,twigs /\t2 ,leaves small1 mealy4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 /rip$ & spla%$ ) r$1 m or less m+l$2 ,dots m9ute1 d>k1 & a light bloom4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 (t5 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 ?ick4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s angul>2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 co>se1 juicy1 becom+ dry2 ,quality inf]ior1 except = cook+2 ,season ,july4 ,high-,top4--,,lewis ,,jones4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4--;,,high-,,top4 ,?is h&some apple is suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 & 0 br\ght into notice by ,lewis ,jones4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 r\ndi%1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ dull r$1 /rip$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wavy1 br[n1 acute2 ,/em %ort1 gre54 ,core regul>1 clos$1 or wide & op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 pale2 ,fle% pale yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y2 rem9ds "o some:at ( ,dom9e4 ,hock+4 ,?is v>iety has only be5 f\nd 9 we/]n or*>ds1 & has n be5 m5tion$ by "n 9 any fruit book ) :i* ,i h met4 ,at ! second meet+ ( ! ,nor?we/]n ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,conv5tion1 x 0 report$ z hav+ be5 br\ght f ,fairfield ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 its resemblance to ,t[ns5d 0 also obs]v$1 b x 0 decl>$ to be diff]5t 9 wood & buds4 ,^! apples may yet prove to be id5tical1 b z ! "q is n settl$1 bo? w be describ$4 ,tree ?rifty1 vigor\s1 productive--an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 & spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium to l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 clos$2 ,se$s l>ge1 br[n2 ,fle% light yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,m>ket & kit*52 ,septemb]4 ,hunt4 ,ano!r ( ,lewis ,jones' apples1 suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,ea/]n ,indiana2 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$1 /rip$ bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 yell[4 ,bas9 r wide1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use table1 m>ket2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,indiana ,favorite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4--;,,indiana ,,favorite4 ,?is fruit resembles ! ,p5nsylvania ,v&]v]e1 f :i* x may h sprung4 ,orig9 believ$ to be ,fayette ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,x is consid]ably cultivat$ 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,/ate1 :]e ,i procur$ specim5s exhibit$ at ! ,ri*mond ,horticultural ,society4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 bright r$1 /rip$ ) d>k] r$2 ,dots num]\s1 />-%ap$1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 gre5 or br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 r$4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% pale yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,mild sub-acid2 ,good to v good1 = table & m>ket1 f ,janu>y to ,m>*4 ,j>m9ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4--;,,j>m9ite4 ,?is new fruit orig9at$ on ! f>m ( ,j>m9 ,ball>d1 9 ,highl& ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 :]e x 0 gr[n f ! se$ ( ,gilp94 ,! tree is v vigor\s1 & only too productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate1 or r\ndi%2 ,surface smoo?1 gre51 p>tially cov]$ ) mix$ & /rip$ dull r$4 ,bas9 regul>1 wide2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 acute2 ,/em sl5d]1 m$ium to %ort4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s few1 l>ge1 d>k2 fle% break+1 firm2 ,mild sub-acid1 almo/ sweet2 ,decemb] until ,m>*4 ,jeff]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4--;,,jeff]ies4 ,?is delici\s autumn apple orig9at$ 9 ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 & 0 fir/ describ$ by ! ad-int]im committee ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,horticultural ,society2 also 9 ! ,f>m ,j\rnal1 = #ahec1 by ,david ,t[ns5d1 ( ,we/*e/]1 ,pa4 ,tree heal?y1 suffici5tly vigor\s1 %oots sl5d]1 foliage bright gre52 productive1 e>ly be>]4 ,fruit full m$ium1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$ & spla%$ crimson2 ,dots l>ge1 scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 clos$1 regul>1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 delici\s2 ,quality v good1 = table & m>ket1 dur+ ,augu/1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,k5tucky ,k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4--,,k5tucky ,,k+4 ,receiv$ f ,j4,s4 ,d[n] ,son1 ,elkton1 ,k5tucky4 ,fur!r hi/ory n kn[n4 ,fruit above m$ium1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ) mix$ & /rip$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 br[n & gre52 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use table1 kit*52 ,season ,decemb]1 ,febru>y4 ,klapro?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4--,,klapro?4 ,ano!r ,p5nsylvania apple1 introduc$ by my fri5d ,dr4 ,j4,k4 ,e%leman4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface dull yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) r$ /ripes2 ,dots num]\s1 light4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye clos$1 small2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 v juicy2 ,flavor acid1 to sub-acid :5 ripe2 ,good2 ,augu/ till ,octob]4 ,lewis4--,( ,ragan4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,putnam ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 z "o ( ! _m se$l+s produc$ by my old fri5d ,reub5 ,ragan4 ,tree ?rifty & productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$ on yell[2 ,dots1 num]\s1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 n deep2 ,eye small1 clos$ ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality ne>ly fir/-rate = table2 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,lack]4 ,?is old ,p5nsylvania apple is cultivat$ to "s ext5t 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates = its beauty4 ,specim5s f ,h5ry ,my]s1 ,s\? ,b5d1 ,indiana1 f 8 beautiful collections %[n at ! ,/ate ,fairs4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 v h&some1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 highly poli%$1 bright r$ on pale yell[1 /rip$ d>k r$2 ,dots num]\s1 pale4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 wavy2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core small1 r\ndi% or oval1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 f9e2 ,quality good2 use table1 m>ket2 ,season ,janu>y to ,m>*4 ,mc,daniel4 ,?is is a se$l+ ( ,gre5 ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 to :i* 0 aw>d$ a premium at ! ,/ate ,fair 9 #ahee4 ,fruit full m$ium1 regul>1 oblate2 surface v smoo?1 yell[1 well cov]$ ) ri*1 crimson1 indi/9ct /ripes2 dots scatt]$1 light gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity n>r[1 regul>2 /em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$2 se$s plump1 d>k2 fle% ri* yell[1 solid1 juicy2 flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 piquant1 l a ,spitz5b]g2 ,octob]1 ,novemb]4 ,m9kl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4--,,m9kl]4 ,produc$ by ,s4,g4 ,m9kl]1 ( ,k5dall1 ,ill9ois4 ,?is v>iety v closely resembles t describ$ z ,bu*anan1 ?\gh _! orig9 is entirely di/9ct4 ,! ,m9kl] also be>s a v close resemblance to an apple f\nd at ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 & kn[n z ! ,br&yw9e4 ,tree v ?rifty1 spread+1 bran*es /rong1 =m+ a l>ge angle ) ! /em4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 globul>-ovate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 & /ripes ( d>k dull r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 r deep1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 or gre5i%-yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,sub-acid2 ,second quality2 ,use m>ket & cook+2 f ,m>* until ,may4 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g4--,,coxe4 ,,v&]v]e1 ,,( ,,new ,,york 7,d[n+7--,,ox-,,eye--,,joe ,,b]ry1 ,,etc4 ,orig91 ,newt[n1 ,long ,isl&4 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 n ( ! l>ge/ size1 spread+1 compact1 r\nd head1 foliage r small1 curl$1 %[+ ! :iti% und]side4 ,productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 globul>-oblate1 (t5 incl9$ or lop-sid$ :5 ov]gr[n 9 "y or*>ds1 apt to be scabby & defective on old trees1 & falls badly2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$1 mix$ & /rip$1 on ri* yell[ gr\nd1 (t5 ov]-spread ) :iti%1 giv+ ! fruit a gray appe>ance2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 fawn color on d>k specim5s4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 m$ium1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core regul>1 wide1 some:at op51 meet+ & sometimes clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% ri*1 yell[1 v f9e-gra9$1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor ri* sub-acid & sac*>9e1 aromatic1 em95tly satisfy+2 ,quality be/1 = table & kit*51 9 ,decemb]4 ,nickajack4 ,,summ]\r--,,jackson ,,r$--,,big ,,hill--,,c>ol9a1 ,,& ,,_m ,,o!rs4#di ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4--,,nickajack4 ,?is s\!rn apple1 :i* has ext5d$ m widely nor?w>d ?an mo/ ( its cong5]s1 is believ$ to be a native ( ,macon ,c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,tree robu/1 spread+1 l>ge1 v productive1 "y %oots /\t & r$4 ,! foll[+ description is t ( a specim5 s5t by my fri5d1 ,r4 ,pet]s1 ( ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 b x corresponds 9 all important p>ticul>s ) ^? ( fruits obta9$ f a doz5 diff]5t s\rces 9 our own latitude3 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 regul>1 n h&some2 surface ev5 b n smoo?1 mo/ly cov]$ ) mix$ brick-du/ r$1 /rip$ indi/9ctly ) d>k r$1 "s /ripes v di/9ct2 dots scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 ev52 eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 yell[ & br[n2 ,/em m$ium sl5d]4 ,core clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 firm1 co>se2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n ri*2 ,quality only good1 a m>ket fruit1 keep+ well2 ,season ,m>* until ,may4 ,nyack4 ,,nyack ,,pipp94 ,orig9 ,new ,york2 specim5 obta9$ f ,mr4 ,e4,h4 ,w>r51 ( ,*elms=d1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$1 /rip$1 spla%$ bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 di/9ct1 yell[1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,axis %ort4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick1 knobby4 ,core r wide1 clos$1 r clasp+2 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle% :ite1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 ,quality pretty good2 ,use table1 m>ket2 ,season ,decemb]4 ,ohio ,nonp>eil4 ,,my]',s ,,nonp>eil--,,we/]n ,,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4--,,ohio ,,nonp>eil4 ,?is f9e fruit orig9at$ ) ,mr4 ,my]s1 ne> ,massillon1 ,ohio4 ,x 0 describ$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review = ,febru>y1 #ahec4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 spread+1 limbs /raight1 /\t & compact1 n liable to break ) ! weight ( fruit4 ,! orig9al tree _h borne annual crops ( ev5 siz$ fruit = tw5ty ye>s4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 regul>1 oblate1 v h&some2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) bright r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em %ort1 small4 ,core regul>1 some:at op52 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 sub-acid1 ri*2 ,fir/ quality1 = table1 m>ket1 cook+ or dry+2 ,season ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 ,comp>$ ) "s ( ! be/ dess]t apples ( ! season1 su* z ,hawley1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fall ,w9e1 ,rambo1 & o!rs1 ?is v>iety 0 decl>$ to be bett] ?an ! be/4 ,osceola4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4--,,osceola4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,indiana1 br\ght into notice by t e>ne/ horticulturi/1 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 :o did mu* to /imulate ! culture ( f9e fruits :5 a resid5t ( t ,/ate4 ,fruit m$ium1 flatt5$1 sometimes unequal1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 slightly color$ r$1 & /rip$ ) ! same2 ,dots scatt]$1 irregul>1 m frequ5t & m9ute ab\t ! apex1 few & l>g] at base ( ! fruit4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 r\nd1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i%1 firm1 ri*1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 mild2 ,quality good2 ,use table & m>ket2 ,season ,janu>y to ,m>*4 ,?is v>iety does n seem to h won its way into public favor to ! ext5t t 0 expect$ = x "s ye>s ago4 ,p5nock4 ,,p5nock',s ,,r$ ,,w9t]--,,romanite--,,big ,,romanite4 ,?is fruit1 ( ,p5nsylvania orig91 is n introduc$ into ?is collection on acc\nt ( its excell5ce1 b because x is s univ]sally cultivat$ 9 ne>ly all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+1 v productive1 be>+ "s fruit e ye>4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 =m v>iable1 b *>act]i/ically x is conic-oblate1 (t5 unequal1 & lop-sid$2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ & /rip$ r$2 ,dots l>ge1 irregul> & r\nd1 gray4 ,bas9 wide1 r deep1 unev5 or wavy2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity wide1 deep1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core irregul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 co>se-gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 poor2 ?ird quality2 = cook+ & m>ket only2 ,season ,decemb]2 v mu* dispos$ to bitt] rot4 ,p5nsylvania ,v&]v]e4 ,,v&]v]e 7,coxe & ,d[n+7--,,little ,,v&]v]e--,,gray ,,v&]v]e--,,/aalcubs1 ,,etc4 ,?is old kit*5 favorite1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 has migrat$ we/w>d until x has rea*$ e ,/ate & c\nty on its appropriate p>allels ( latitude1 #ci to #db4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ gives ,delaw>e z its orig91 on ! au?ority ( ,coxe4 ,9 accordance ) common acceptance 9 ! regions :]e x is be/ kn[n1 ,i h adopt$ ! above "n1 :i* 0 giv5 to di/+ui% x f sev]al o!r ,v&]v]es1 & especially f ! ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 to :i* ! "n ,v&]v]e _h be5 appli$ 9 ,new ,york & we/w>d on t p>allel4 ,coxe describes ! fruit 9 "q "u ! "n ,v&]v]e4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 l>ge1 spread+1 v twiggy & droop+1 ) abundant fruit on ! ends ( ! spray2 ,foliage bright yell[i%-gre51 %9+1 po9t$1 ! :ole aspect ( ! tree peculi> & *>act]i/ic 9 summ] or w9t]4 ,fruit m$ium or less1 oblate1 or globul>-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 b hav+ rais$ hemisph]ical w>ts ( a yell[ russet color1 yell[1 mottl$1 & /rip$ light r$1 (t5 a gray appe>ance ov] ! :ole ext]ior2 ,dots l>ge1 yell[1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 n deep2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+ & clasp+ ! eye2 se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor highly aromatic1 acid2 ,quality = table ?ird1 = kit*5 fir/1 = cid] ,coxe says v good1 yield+ a heavy mu/2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,! fruit is subject to bitt] rot1 & does n keep well1 b may be us$ = cook+ z soon z any o!r apple1 mak+ good sauce 9 ,july1 :5 n half gr[n4 ,pott+]4 ,,big ,,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4--,,pott+]4 ,?is l>ge m>ket fruit is f\nd *iefly 9 regions settl$ by immigrants f ! ,s\?1 & x may prove to be ! same z "s o!r s\!rn apple4 ,specim5s fir/ receiv$ f my fri5d ,j4,b4 ,orange1 9 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois1 aft]w>ds f sev]al o!r po9ts4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 bran*es upright1 %oots purple1 w>ty1 buds long1 po9t$4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface n smoo?1 dull r$1 %ad$ & /rip$1 cov]+ ! yell[ gr\nd2 ,dots small1 prom95t1 ) "s r\ghness4 ,bas9 regul>1 wide1 n deep2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre5 & br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core clos$1 or ne>ly s1 meet+ & p>tially clasp+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality only good2 ,useful = kit*5 & dry+2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y2 keeps well4 ,press ,ew+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4--,,press ,,ew+4 ,?is ,k5tucky apple 0 s5t me by ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 f :om trees 7 also procur$ :i* h already borne fruit4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 & e>ly productive4 ,fruit resembles ,smokeh\se1 m$ium1 r\ndi%-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 bright r$1 mix$1 /rip$1 & spla%$1 on gre5i% yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 br[n & yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy1 regul>1 r deep2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 melt+1 juicy2 ,flavor ri* sub-acid2 ,quality ne>ly fir/ rate2 ,use = table 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,p[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4--,,p[]s4 ,?is beautiful table apple 0 fir/ br\ght to public notice by ,geo4 ,p[]s1 ( ,p]rysburgh1 ,ohio4 ,he exhibit$ specim5s at ! ,tol$o meet+ ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfd1 b ! fruit 0 ov] ripe2 at ! ,/ate ,fair at ,dayton1 ,ohio1 ,octob] #af?1 x 0 %[n 9 p]fection ( beauty & excell5ce1 & 0 !n exam9$ by ! ,society1 :o comm5d$ x highly1 & be+ satisfi$ t x 0 an orig9al se$l+1 its local "n1 ,mill]'s ,apple1 0 !n *ang$ to ,p[]s1 9 honor ( ! pomologi/ :o _h br\ght x into notice4 ,! tree appe>s to h be5 an accid5tal se$l+1 :i* sprang up 9 ! t[n ( ,p]rysburgh1 :]e x grew almo/ )\t c>e until x fruit$ a few ye>s ago1 & attract$ ! att5tion ( ,mr4 ,p[]s4 ,! fruit is l>ge & fair1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 & sometimes r conic1 g5]ally regul>1 b l>ge specim5s are slightly angul>2 ! surface is v smoo?1 a gre5i% wax5 yell[1 m or less %ad$ ) mix$ light r$1 ^u :i* are laid num]\s /ripes & brok5 spla%es ( ri*1 d>k c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 sometimes br[n2 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core m$ium or wide1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 sometimes imp]fect2 ,fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 q aromatic1 v agreeable2 ,use especially = ! table1 z a highly ornam5tal dess]t fruit1 = :i* its extreme delicacy adapts x1 :ile ! same quality unfits x = g5]al m>ket purposes2 ,quality v good2 9 its season ( rip5+1 9 its beautifully :ite & t5d] fle%1 & 9 its p]fum$ flavor1 ?is fruit resembles ! ,fameuse1 f :i* x may h be5 produc$4 ,prolific ,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4--,,prolific ,,beauty4 ,?is %[y fruit is "o ( ! orig9al ,putnam li/ ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 x is some:at s+ul> t s few *oice sorts are traceable to ! se$s ( ^! fir/ good or*>ds ( ! ,we/4 ,rome ,beauty is almo/ ! only "o ( great notoriety t is ref]able to ?is s\rce4 ,fruit l>ge1 sometimes q l>ge1 oblate1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 p>tially cov]$ ) /ripes ( r$2 ,dots m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% :iti%-yell[1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 quality sc>cely good2 ,use kit*51 m>ket2 ,season ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 ,rambo4 ,,romanite ,,( ,,new ,,j]sey--,,bread-,,&-,,*eese1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4--,,rambo4 ,?is /&>d ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania v>iety is univ]sally popul>1 & ?r\gh ! ,we/]n ,/ates x m>ks ! progress ( emigration f ! ,key/one ,/ate1 ?\gh its admir]s are n conf9$ to t class ( our population4 ,x is a fall & e>ly w9t] fruit1 & "s pomologi/s on ! s\!rn bord]s ( its culture object to x t x w n keep long1 & t x soon becomes dry & mealy :5 put away4 ,:5 gr[n fur!r nor? x is small]1 b m solid1 & rema9s juicy until spr+4 ,x %\ld be ga!r$ e>ly1 ev5 be=e x is well color$1 & kept cool to make x reta9 its flavor & juic9ess4 ,tree upright1 v ?rifty1 v productive2 %oots d>k1 foliage l>ge1 light gre51 & ?us ! v>iety may easily be di/+ui%$ 9 ! or*>d4 ,n v h>dy2 :ole nurs]ies & or*>ds 7 de/roy$1 9 #ahef1 ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?we/4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 :5 cr[d$ ^u ! limbs z !y g5]ally are ^u old trees1 regul>1 oblate1 or r\ndi%-oblate1 b sometimes unequal :5 ov]gr[n2 l>ge specim5s are flatt5$ at ! ends s z to appe> truncate2 ,surface /rip$ & spla%$ sc>let on gre5i%-yell[1 9 "s ! /ripes coalesce s z to make ! sk9 r$1 ! gr\nd color be+ cov]$2 ,dots num]\s1 small1 prom95t1 ri* bloom4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 regul> or plait$1 sometimes q %all[2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 always gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+ & clasp+ ! eye2 se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 angul>2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 t5d]1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 v9\s2 ,quality almo/ fir/ rate = table1 excell5t = ! kit*52 ,season ,octob] to ,decemb]1 & if ga!r$ e>ly 9 ! ,nor?1 until spr+4 ,r$ ,a/ra*an4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4--,,r$ ,,a/ra*an4 ,?is ,russian fruit has be5 p]fectly adopt$ by our c\ntrym51 & has prov$ itself a great favorite1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,nor?1 by its h>d9ess & productiv5ess1 beauty & good qualities4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 productive1 h>dy2 ,%oots r$di% br[n1 foliage l>ge1 ri* gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 mottl$1 m>bl$ & /rip$ crimson on gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 heavy bloom4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity %all[1 regul>2 ,/em long1 yell[4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s angul>1 small1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor q acid1 n ri*2 ,quality fir/ rate = m>ket & cook+1 poor = table2 ,season ,july4 ,ri*>d's ,graft4 ,,r$ ,,spitz5b]g--,,/rawb]ry--,,w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4--,,ri*>d',s ,,graft4 ,suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$ & spla%$ r$2 ,dots num]\s1 :ite4 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core small1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sub acid2 ,quality be/2 ,use = ! dess]t2 ,season ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,d[n+ says3 ,"o ( ! be/ dess]t apples ( its season4 ,rome ,beauty4 ,,gillett',s ,,se$l+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4--,,rome ,,beauty4 ,?is h&some m>ket fruit 0 orig9at$ 9 ,s\!rn ,ohio1 by t /]l+ pione] pomologi/1 ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 to ^: contributions ,i ackn[l$ge myself "u _m obligations4 ,tree ?rifty1 h>dy1 r\nd head$1 v productive2 %oots sl5d]1 r$2 ,foliage heal?y2 ,blossoms op5 late1 & ?us x (t5 escapes a late fro/2 e>ly productive4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 regul>1 h&some1 fair1 said to be scabby on old trees1 regul> oblate1 r\ndi%-oblate1 & sometimes r conical2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 /rip$ & mix$ bright r$2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 wide1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye q small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 co>se-gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n ri*2 ,quality sc>cely good2 valuable = m>ket1 on acc\nt ( its productiv5ess1 size & beauty1 z well z = its c]ta9 be>+2 ,season ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,%iawassee ,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4--,,%iawassee ,,beauty4 ,?is ,mi*igan apple may well be call$ ,beauty4 ,x 0 introduc$ at ! meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfb1 by ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ( ,plym\?1 ,mi*41 :o /at$ t x 0 a se$l+ ( ! ,fameuse1 ! faults ( :i* x does n inh]it1 ?\gh possess+ all ! good qualities ( its p>5t1 ) a heal?y & productive tree4 7,see ,mi*igan ,f>m]1 ,dec4 #aa1 #ahei47 ,fruit m$ium1 v h&some1 v regul>1 q flat2 ,surface v smoo?1 pale yell[1 mix$ & di/9ctly /rip$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core wide1 regul>1 some:at op51 meet+ ! eye2 se$s plump1 %ort1 d>k2 ,fle% v :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use dess]t & m>ket2 ,season ,octob] to ,janu>y4 ,summ] ,limb]twig4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4--,,summ] ,,limb]twig4 ,s\!rn2 obta9$ f ,s4 ,we/brooke1 ,gre5sboro'1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,fruit m$ium1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface pale yell[1 mix$ p9k1 /rip$ d>k r$2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye wide1 op54 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 agreeable2 ,quality v good1 if n be/2 ,use table2 ,season ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,t[ns5d4 ,hav+ be5 disappo9t$ 9 my trees obta9$ = ?is v>iety1 :i* prov$ to be ,rawle's ,janet1 ,i pref] to quote f ,mr4 ,d[n+4 ,:at ,i h fruit$ & describ$ z ! ,hock+ may prove to be ! same4 ,orig9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 slightly conic4 ,sk9 pale yell[1 /rip$ & spla%$ ) r$1 & cov]$ ) a ?9 bloom4 ,/alk r long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ into a m$ium cavity4 ,calyx clos$1 set 9 a bas9 ( mod]ate dep?4 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 v mild1 agreeable1 sub-acid flavor4 ,ripe middle ( ,augu/ to middle ( ,septemb]4 ,hock+ ( ! ,we/ may prove to be ! same4 ,trad]'s ,fancy4 ,?is peculi> look+ apple orig9at$ 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 spread+1 r\nd-head$1 v productive1 be>s regul>ly4 ,z a long keep]1 ) d>k sk91 t does n %[ bruises1 x became a favorite ) %ipp]s on ! ,ohio riv]1 h5ce its "n1 ! flat-boats t /op f port to port to dispose ( _! c>goes be+ call$ trad+ boats1 & _! ma/]s trad]s4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate2 ,surface v smoo?1 gre5i% yell[1 almo/ completely obscur$ ) deep purple r$1 mix$ & /rip$1 & cov]$ ) a :ite bloom4 ,bas9 wide1 sometimes fold$ or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 clos$2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor mild sub-acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use m>ket & kit*52 ,season ,janu>y to ,may4 ,tw5ty-,ounce ,pipp94 ,orig9 unkn[n1 & ! v>iety nev] %\ld h be5 di/ribut$2 x is "h nam$ to put p on _! gu>d aga9/ x :5 !y desire to pur*ase ! ,cayuga ,r$ ,/reak1 also call$ ! ,tw5ty-ounce apple4 ,fruit l>ge1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%1 m or less mottl$ & /rip$ dull r$4 ,bas91 wide1 regul>1 or wavy2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,core l>ge1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[-:ite1 break+2 ,flavor acid1 ) a peculi> aroma1 n agreeable2 ,quality poor2 ,use kit*5 only2 ,season ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,!re are _m bett] apples ( its season4 ,vance's ,h>ve/4 ,a pretty little e>ly apple gr[n 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,we/4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit small1 flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[1 %ad$ & spla%$ bright r$2 ,dots small1 scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 small1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core wide1 regul>1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 n v juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid2 ,quality pretty good2 ,use kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season ,augu/4 ,v&]v]e ,pipp94 ,,l>ge ,,v&]v]e--,,watson',s ,,v&]v]e--,,v&]v]e 7,elliott7--,,yell[ ,,v&]v]e--& sev]al o!rs 9 ! books4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 mu* confusion 9 ! m9ds ( au?ors :o h writt5 ( ?is fruit1 :i*1 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry is v well kn[n & mu* cultivat$4 ,i h tak5 ! "n by :i* x is almo/ univ]sally recogniz$ by cultivators1 ?\gh x is adopt$ only z a synonym by ,mr4 ,elliott1 :o seems to h conf\nd$ ?is apple ) ! ,p5nsylvania ,v&]v]e or ,/aalcubs describ$ by ,coxe4 ,orig9 believ$ to h be5 ,p5nsylvania1 b ?is is n well e/abli%$4 ,tree v vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+1 productive1 be>+ annually2 ,twigs & leaves mu* l ! ,p5nsylvania ,v&]v]e4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 regul>1 oblate2 surface smoo?1 yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) m>bl$ r$1 & sc>let /ripes2 ,dots l>ge1 yell[1 ind5t$1 sometimes irregul>ly net-ve9$1 mak+ x less smoo?4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em long1 m$ium size4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+ & clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 granul>1 juicy1 heavy2 ,flavor ri*1 acid2 ,quality poor = table1 excell5t = cook+2 ,season ,decemb]4 ,does n keep well1 r subject to bitt] rot1 b a great favorite ) h\se-keep]s1 & a useful %ade tree ne> ! kit*5 door4 ,vaughan's ,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4--,,vaughan',s ,,w9t]4 ,?is ,k5tucky v>iety 0 s5t to me by my fri5d ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,fairview1 ,k5tucky1 ) sev]al o!r new s\!rn apples ( m]it4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy & productive1 be>+ fruit e>ly4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 r\nd-oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$ & spla%$ ) bright r$ & spla%es ( c>m9e2 ,dots small1 gray & yell[4 ,bas9 regul>1 abrupt1 m$ium1 & lea!r-crack$2 ,eye l>ge1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity m$ium1 yell[ & br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 l>ge1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 good2 ,decemb]4 ,we/]n ,beauty4 ,,musgrove',s ,,coop]--,,big ,,rambo--,,ohio ,,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4--,,we/]n ,,beauty4 ,a valuable fall & e>ly w9t] fruit1 ! orig9 ( :i* is n kn[n2 x is consid]ably gr[n 9 ,c5tral ,ohio1 & has attract$ att5tion "u its synonyms z giv54 ,x 0 at "o "t ?\ght to be ! ,coop]4 ,mr4 ,w4,f4 ,engli%1 ( ,auglaize ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 c>ri$ grafts into t region f ,pickaway ,c\nty1 & 9 a mo/ dis9t]e/$ mann] ex]t$ himself to di/ribute ! v>iety4 ,9 a communication to ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review1 = ,febru>y1 #ahec1 he says3 ,! tree is vigor\s1 leaves ^u "y %oots are (t5 ?ree to ?ree & a half in*es broad1 & f\r or five1 & ev5 six in*es long2 %oots /\t1 be+ (t5 z l>ge z y\r little f+] at ! end ( ! summ]'s gr[?4 ,! =m ( ! tree is peculi>1 & its appe>ance beautiful2 once se51 x may be recogniz$ any:]e by its habit4 ,hav+ fruit$ ?is v>iety 9 my own or*>d1 ,i c confirm ! above1 & add3 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+1 op5 head1 productive1 an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 sometimes v l>ge1 beautiful1 regul>1 oblate1 n dispos$ to rot1 except :5 attack$ by ! birds1 :i* are v fond ( x2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 p>tially cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 /rip$ & (t5 di/9ctly spla%$ ) bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 prom95t2 ,sk9 q ?94 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 sometimes crack$ op52 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre51 & p>tly br[n2 ,/em ei!r %ort or long4 ,core l>ge1 ne>ly clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 po9t$2 ,fle% light yell[1 almo/ :ite1 brittle1 t5d]1 juicy1 almo/ melt+1 nev] wat]-cor$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 v9\s1 delici\s1 satisfy+2 ,quality be/2 ei!r = table or cook+1 = ! latt] purpose !y may be tak5 :5 half gr[n 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,9 ,augu/ !y may be h\se-rip5$ & f\nd good1 b ! prop] season is ,septemb] to ,*ri/mas2 if prop]ly c>$ = !y may be pres]v$ plump until ,m>*1 b lose "s ( _! refre%+ flavor4 ,wilson4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4--,,wilson4 ,?is v nice little apple 0 s5t to me ) ?is "n f ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 by ,julius ,brace1 :o f\nd x abundant on ,pa9t ,creek4 ,i h n yet be5 able to id5tify x1 b x may prove to be ! same z "s ( our new s\!rn v>ieties4 ,an outl9e & description are "h giv5 ) its local "n1 9 ! hope t if x %\ld prove to be ! same z ! ,black ,annette1 ( ! ,cl9* riv] region ( ,virg9ia1 or "s o!r v>iety1 ! id5tity may be ! m readily trac$4 ,fruit small1 regul>1 oblate1 or globul>-oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 ne>ly cov]$ ) v deep r$1 9 :i* ! /ripes are almo/ obscur$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 :ite4 ,bas91 deep1 regul>1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 acute2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+1 n clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 crisp1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use table2 ,season ,janu>y4 ,?is is diff]5t f ,wilson's ( ,mi*igan1 :i* is yell[4 ,w9e4--,coxe4 ,,hays' ,,w9t]--,,p5nsylvania ,,r$ ,,/reak4 ,?is h&some l>ge apple is ano!r index ( ! s\rce ( population 9 a we/]n c\nty4 ,x is a favorite fruit ) ^? :o "k x1 ei!r = m>ket or ! kit*51 = :i* its size & =m r5d] x peculi>ly attractive4 ,tree v l>ge & h&some1 spread+ & v op5 head2 leaves small1 curl$1 & mealy1 mak+ ! foliage appe> r meagre1 & display+ ! spl5did fruit1 :i* is ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 flatt5$ or truncate1 regul>1 occasionally unequal & lop-sid$2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) mix$ & brok5 /ripes ( r$1 spla%$ ) crimson2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 r %all[1 wide1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$1 or op5 f break+ ( ! calyx4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good1 = m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,w9t] ,que54--,coxe4 ,,fall ,,que5--,,k5tucky ,,que5--,,rob]tson',s ,,sup]b 7( ,ga47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4--,,w9t] ,,que54 ,?is is a favorite1 ( s\!rn orig91 & has _m synonyms4 ,an excell5t apple = dry+1 = family use & = m>ket4 ,tree ?rifty1 upright1 productive1 e>ly be>]2 limbs long & p>allel :ile "y2 %oots d>k1 /\t2 foliage l>ge1 broad1 r pale4 ,fruit l>ge1 (t5 v l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 (t5 poli%$1 yell[1 almo/ :olly obscur$ ) m>bl$ dull r$1 & d>k] /ripes t are (t5 lo/ 9 ! dep? ( t9t2 ,dots g5]ally small1 ind5t$2 (t5 a slight bloom cov]s ! fruit1 b x is easily remov$1 :5 ! sk9 appe>s to be poli%$4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 n>r[1 (t5 wavy or ev5 ribb$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wide1 gre51 wavy or regul>2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 meet+1 n clasp+ ! eye axis is sometimes v %ort2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 t5d]1 almo/ melt+1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use dess]t1 kit*5 & dry+2 ,season ,octob] to ,janu>y4 ,yo/4 ,hav+ be5 disappo9t$ 9 receiv+ ?is apple1 ,i give ,dr4 ,w4,d4 ,br9ckle's ad int]im report3 ,fruit r l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 beautifully /rip$1 & delicately mottl$ ) crimson on yell[ gr\nd2 ,/em %ort2 ,cavity wide1 deep2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor pleasant2 ,quality v good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,p]ry ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4--,,p]ry ,,russet4 ,?is v>iety is gr[n to "s ext5t 9 ! ,nor?-we/4 ,! specim5 f :i* ! description is made1 0 exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,utt]s1 at a meet+ ( ! ,nor?-we/]n ,fruit ,gr[]s1 9 #ahej4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) f9e russet2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 wavy2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul> or wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium size & l5g?4 ,core small1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 ,quality almo/ be/1 = table or kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,pomme ,grise4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4--,,pomme ,,grise4 ,suppos$ to be ( ,fr5* or ,canadian orig94 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 productive2 %oots sl5d]4 ,fruit small1 r\ndi%-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface ev5 b h>dly smoo?1 yell[1 ov]spread ) f9e russet1 r>ely blu%$4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 sometimes abrupt2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort or m$ium4 ,core full he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s plump1 angul>2 ,fle% firm1 yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic1 delici\s2 ,quality be/1 = dess]t2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,m>*2 ,"o ( ! v be/ ( ! ,russets4 ,willis ,russet4 ,?is apple 0 br\ght f ,massa*usetts1 by my fri5d & neighbor ,b4,f4 ,san=d1 )\t any hi/ory ( its orig94 ,! quality ( ! fruit has induc$ me to give its description4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\ndi%-oblate2 ,surface r\gh1 yell[1 %ad$ ) light r$1 cov]$ ) russet4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em long4 ,core l>ge1 wide1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid or sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality almo/ fir/ rate1 = ! table2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,regul> ,,9 ,,=m4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,autumnal ,sweet ,swa>4 ,,sweet ,,swa>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4--;,,autumnal ,,sweet ,,swa>4 ,! fruit is highly comm5d$ by ,j4,j4 ,?omas1 :o ?9ks x "o ( ! f9e/ autumnal sweet apples4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 wax5 yell[1 sometimes blu%$2 ,dots r>e1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 incl9$1 yell[ & r$4 ,core regul>1 globul>1 some:at op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 pale2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality be/1 = bak+ & m>ket2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,*all5ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4--;,,*all5ge4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! apples introduc$ by ,mr4 ,elliott1 f ! or*>d ( ,d4,c4 ,ri*mond1 ne> ,s&usky1 ,o4 ,tree productive1 h>dy4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>-oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots black1 m9ute1 scatt]$1 & russet spots1 becom+ a ri* v]million :]e expos$4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 oval1 regul>1 sometimes op51 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality almo/ fir/ rate1 = table2 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,delight4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4--;,,delight4 ,?is v>iety is gr[n 9 ! s\?we/]n "p ( ,ohio2 orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd-oblate1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 bronz$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 n>r[1 fold$ unev52 ,eye m$ium1 clos$2 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,core small1 oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality pretty good2 ,use1 m>ket & bak+2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,june4 ,mav]ack ,sweet4 ,orig9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 angul>2 ,sk9 yell[1 mo/ly %ad$ ) crimson1 spr9kl$ ) gray or gre5i% dots2 ,/alk %ort1 ins]t$ into a l>ge cavity surr\nd$ by russet2 ,calyx op51 set 9 a deep1 irregul> bas92 ,fle% ri*1 pleasant1 v9\s1 almo/ sac*>9e4--,d[n+4 ,spice ,sweet+4 ,! specim5s describ$ 7 f ,mr4 ,w>r51 ( ,massa*usetts4 ,o!rs1 f\nd 9 ,ohio & ,ill9ois "u ?is "n1 h a deep1 abrupt bas91 l>ge or long eye1 & yell[ fle%2 !y mu/ be diff]5t fruits4 ,an old v>iety2 ,tree vigor\s1 productive4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 h&some1 flat1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 bronzy1 crimson2 ,dots num]\s1 gre54 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy2 ,/em ?ick1 knobby4 ,core v wide1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s po9t$1 long1 d>k2 ,fle% v :ite1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*51 bak+1 /ock2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 ,sweet & ,s\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4--,,sweet ,,& ,,s\r4 ,?is v>iety is int]e/+ z a curiosity1 r ?an valuable = its good qualities4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t x might be a sport2 no educat$ nurs]yman w n[ believe ! old /ory ( its hav+ be5 produc$ by ! comb9ation ( ! buds ( two v>ieties1 a sweet & a s\r4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 (t5 unequal & lop-sid$1 ribb$1 & deeply furr[$4 ,surface yell[ & gre51 ! ribs be+ develop$ & rip5+ h flavor1 b ! furr[s n be+ develop$ are flavorless & call$ sweet4 ,sweet ,sponge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4--,,sweet ,,sponge4 ,f ,h4,n4 ,gillett2 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i% :ite2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 none or extremely %all[1 fold$2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 irregul>2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,core wide1 clos$1 sc>ce meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]2 ,flavor sweet2 ,season1 ,july4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,angle ,sweet4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd-oblate1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) /ripes & spla%es ( r$1 "s d>k]2 ,dots :ite4 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 sweet1 & good1 fair & h&some2 ,season1 fir/ ( ,septemb]4--,d[n+4 ,pea* ,pond ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4--,,pea* ,,pond ,,sweet4 ,orig9 ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd-oblate1 p5tangul>1 slightly conical2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 lightly cov]$ ) mix$ & /rip$ r$1 & beautifully spla%$ crimson4 ,bas9 n>r[1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 gre51 sometimes knobby4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 %ort2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality almo/ fir/ rate1 v good2 = table or bak+2 ,season ,septemb]4 ,phillips' ,sweet4 ,orig9 believ$ to be ,ohio2 ,d[n+ says1 ,*otocton ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 gr[? upright1 v productive4 ,elliott ?9ks x may prove to be ! same ) ,ri*mond4 ,fruit r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 slightly conical1 obscurely angul> or flatt5$ on ! sides2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) r$1 /rip$ crimson2 ,dots num]\s4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 clos$2 ,eye clos$1 segm5ts ( calyx long4 ,cavity l>ge2 ,/em m$ium l5g?1 r sl5d]4 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 spicy1 ri*2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,m>*4 ,w+ ,sweet4 ,tree v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 angul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) r$1 indi/9ctly /rip$ d>k] r$4 ,bas9 wide1 deep1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute2 ,/em long4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 sc>cely t\*+ ! eye2 ,se$s ovate2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 dry2 ,flavor sweet & ri*2 ,quality good2 bak+2 e>ly w9t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--;,,acid4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,blockley4 ,,blockley ,,pipp91 ,o4 ,,pom4 ,,soc4 ,orig9at$ ne> ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 upright1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd-oblate1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 five-sid$1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 small1 di/9ct1 d>k4 ,bas9 wide1 r deep1 wavy or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$1 or p>tly op54 ,cavity acute1 n>r[1 unev51 br[n2 ,/em q %ort1 r ?ick4 ,core m$ium1 he>t-%ap$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul> & imp]fect1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 compact1 almo/ melt+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor ri* sub-acid1 sprightly2 ,quality almo/ be/1 = table2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,brack54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4--;,,brack54 ,?is v>iety has caus$ mu* discussion among ! ,we/]n ,pomologi/s1 on acc\nt ( its resemblance to ! ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 ,! late ,dr4 ,b>k]1 "o ( ! mo/ intellig5t fruit-gr[]s ( ! c\ntry1 said x 0 introduc$ z a se$l+ f ,k5tucky 9 #ahab4 ,elliott does n m5tion x 9 8 "w1 b 9 ! discussions ( ! ,society he is report$ z hav+ decl>$ x ! same z ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ) :i* x agrees 9 peculi> gr[? ( twigs4 ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 & o!rs1 famili> ) ! fruits ( s\!rn ,ohio1 consid] x a di/9ct se$l+ ( ,k5tucky4 ,! specim5 describ$ 0 f t g5tleman4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 some:at conical1 irregul> & angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 d>k4 ,bas9 abrupt1 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 irregul>1 br[n2 ,/em l>ge1 knobby4 ,core irregul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor mild sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,june1 ,july2 e>li] ?an ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 ,canada ,re9ette4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4--;,,canada ,,re9ette4 ,?is f9e fruit does n appe> to be well kn[n to our or*>di/s1 & "s ( our writ]s h giv5 ! ,:ite ,pipp9 among its num]\s synonyms1 & h sugge/$ t !y might be ! same1 :i* is n s2 !y are v di/9ct4 ,i h omitt$ ! synonyms1 z !y c be ( little int]e/ to our plant]s2 !y are n us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unc]ta91 probably ,european4 ,d[n+ says t ,m]let1 a ,fr5* writ]1 describ$ ! fruit 9 ! #ag? c5tury4 ,tree vigor\s1 robu/1 tall spread+1 productive4 ,! foll[+ outl9e & description ( a specim5 pres5t$ by ,irv9 ,jessup1 ( ,laporte1 ,indiana1 0 k9dly made = me by my lam5t$ fri5d1 ,geo4 ,m4 ,beel]1 a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 angul>2 ,surface n smoo?1 yell[1 blu%$ & spott$ r$2 ,dots num]\s1 small1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 angul>2 ,eye small1 ne>ly clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute2 ,/em m$ium1 incl9$4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% break+1 f9e gra9$1 v juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table & cook+2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y1 9 nor!rn ,indiana4 ,culp4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4--;,,culp4 ,orig9 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 exhibit$ at ! meet+s ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society z e>ly z #ahee1 by ,s4,b4 ,m>%all1 ( ,massillon1 ^: fri5d1 ,s4 ,wood1 _h cultivat$ x sev]al ye>s2 my specim5s & trees are f ! ,massillon nurs]y4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 symmetrical1 spread+1 v productive1 n an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit fair1 s\nd1 l>ge1 some:at angul>1 oblate1 incl9$ to conic1 hangs well on ! tree2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5 ) bronze blu%2 ,dots m9ute1 ) gre5 bases4 ,bas9 n>r[1 r abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye r l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long or %ort4 ,core long he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 ne>ly clos$1 clasp+2 se$s num]\s1 v l>ge1 d>k br[n2 ,fle% yell[i%1 compact1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 slightly p]fum$2 ,quality good2 excell5t = cook+1 comp>$ to ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+2 ,season1 ,decemb] until ,april4 ,fall ,h>vey4 ,orig9 ,essex ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts4 ,specim5 f ,zanesville1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[ or pale yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 di/9ct4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long to m$ium4 ,core wide or globul>1 regul>1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s m$ium1 po9t$ & defective2 ,fle% yell[1 break+2 ,flavor ri*1 acid2 ,quality only good1 b valuable = ! kit*52 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,g>retson's ,e>ly4 ,orig9 suppos$ to be ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree vigor\s2 an e>ly & abundant be>]4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>-oblate1 some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots :iti%4 ,bas9 small1 abrupt1 furr[$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity %all[2 ,/em %ort1 incl9$4 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor pleasant sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,h>ris4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4--;,,h>ris4 ,?is v>iety 0 receiv$ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,nor? dur+ #ahff4 ,x 0 fir/ describ$ & figur$1 among o!r new apples1 9 ! ,horticultural ,annual = #ahfg4 ,9 ! ,s\? x is consid]$ a summ] & fall v>iety1 be+ 9 season f ,augu/1 & cont9u+ = a long "t4 ,= specim5s1 ,i am indebt$ to ,doctor ,e4 ,taylor1 ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oblate1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 ) rosy spots4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 r op54 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 cle> yell[2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,axis v %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% light yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 spicy1 agreeable2 ,use table & kit*52 ,season ,octob]2 ,quality good to v good4 ,l\don ,pipp94 ,,lady ,,wa%+ton8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4--,,l\don ,,pipp94 ,orig9 ,l\don ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,exhibit$ be=e ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 by ,joseph ,sigl]1 ( ,mc,connellsville1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 conic1 angul>2 ,surface beautiful1 v smoo?1 waxy yell[1 h&somely blu%$1 & bright r$ spots2 ,dots scatt]+1 gray4 ,bas9 wide1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 n deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 r$4 ,core he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium2 ,fle% yell[i%1 compact1 t5d]1 break+2 ,flavor ri* sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality v good2 ,dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,a f9e fruit f ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 %[n at ! same "t z ! ,lady ,wa%+ton2 0 ?\ght to be ! same4 ,ohio ,pipp94 ,,ern/',s ,,apple4--,,bu*anan1 ,,etc4--,,%annon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4--,,ohio ,,pipp94 ,we owe our acqua9tance ) ?is f9e l>ge fruit to ! late ,mr4 ,a4,h4 ,ern/1 long ,presid5t ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 :o furni%$ trees to ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bu*anan1 an en?usia/ic ,pomologi/ ( ,c9c9nati4 ,bo? ^! g5tlem5 7 too mode/ to p]mit _! names to be atta*$ to a fruit :i* !y did n orig9ate1 b :i* !y h aid$ to di/ribute4 ,ano!r focus ( di/ribution 0 ! or*>d & nurs]y ( ,r4,w4 ,todd1 at ,madison1 ,indiana1 & ! fruit has be5 receiv$ "u ! "n ( ,%annon1 f ,doctor ,j4,a4 ,dibrell1 ( ,van ,bur51 ,arkansas4 ,orig9 ,dayton1 ,ohio1 f :5ce x 0 procur$ p]sonally by ,mr4 ,todd1 _m ye>s ago1 & ! grafts set by him are ! olde/ trees kn[n4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k2 ,leaves l>ge4 ,fruit l>ge1 (t5 v l>ge1 oblate1 some:at conic1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 sometimes blu%$ fa9tly ne> ! base2 ,dots small gray4 ,bas9 wide1 deep1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge or v l>ge1 op52 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity wide1 wavy or regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 /\t4 ,core m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 plump1 sometimes imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,m>ket & kit*51 too l>ge = dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,we/]n ,spy4 ,orig9 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,tree heal?y b m$ium gr[?1 v productive2 exhibit$ by ,joel ,wood4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 ) :ite bases4 ,bas9 abrupt1 unev52 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core wide1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+2 ,flavor acid2 quality pretty good2 ,use1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--;,,acid4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,b]ry4 ,n hav+ enjoy$ an opportunity ( exam9+ ?is fruit1 ,i quote f my fri5d ,*as4 ,d[n+4 ,orig9 ,virg9ia or ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 v productive1 & a valuable m>ket fruit4 ,fruit r above m$ium1 obliquely depress$2 ,sk9 /rip$ & spla%$ ) r$1 on gre5i%-yell[ gr\nd1 ) l>ge dots1 hav+ a d>k c5t]2 ,/em %ort1 9 a g5]ally broad1 deep cavity2 ,calyx op52 ,bas9 %all[1 & unev52 ,fle% r co>se1 juicy1 ) a pleasant sub-acid flavor2 ,novemb] to ,m>*4 ,buff4 ,= description ( ?is fruit ,i take ,d[n+'s quotation f ,:ite's ,g>d5]3 ,orig9 unc]ta92 ,tree vigor\s1 erect2 ,fruit v l>ge1 irregul>1 r\ndi% flatt5$ & slightly irregul>2 ,sk9 ?ick1 yell[1 /rip$1 & %ad$ ) r$1 v d>k next ! sun1 m>k$ ) a few gre5i% russet spots2 ,/em ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 9 a m$ium cavity2 ,calyx 9 a l>ge1 irregul> bas92 ,fle% :ite1 & :5 fully rip5$1 t5d] & excell5t1 sometimes indiff]5t2 ,novemb] to ,m>*4 ,dana4 ,f ,gabriel ,slea?1 ne> ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,! orig9 ( ?is pleasant dess]t apple is n kn[n4 ,tree l>ge1 productive4 ,fruit small1 flat1 some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[ p>tially cov]$ mix$ r$1 di/9ctly /rip$ c>m9e2 ,dots pale fawn or yell[2 heavy :ite bloom4 ,bas9 %all[1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>2 ,/em q long1 sl5d]4 ,core wide1 regul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 v f9e gra9$1 v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 sprightly1 agreeable2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,grav5/e94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4--;,,grav5/e94 ,?is f9e ,european apple is said to h orig9at$ at ,grav5/e91 ,hol/e94 ,x has long be5 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e x succe$s v well4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive2 ,%oots vigor\s2 ,leaves long1 roll$1 %[+ ! :ite und]side4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 p>tially cov]$ ) mix$ & spla%$ sc>let2 ,dots r>e4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core regul>1 globul>1 or po9t$ t[>d ! eye1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s small1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality be/2 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,keis]4 ,orig9 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 n widely di/ribut$4 ,tree ?rifty1 upright4 ,! foll[+ description 0 made f fruit obta9$ ( my fri5d ,t4,s4 ,humrickh\se1 ( ,co%octon4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 oblate1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$ & /rip$ r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 deep1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep2 ,/em q %ort4 ,core v small1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,quality good to be/2 = table & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,janu>y4 ,mangum4 ,a fir/ rate s\!rn fruit4 ,tree ?rifty1 & v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate1 slightly conic1 angul>2 sk9 yell[i%1 /rip$ & mo/ly %ad$ ) r$1 ?ickly spr9kl$ ) :iti% & bronze dots2 ,/em %ort & small1 ins]t$ 9 a broad cavity surr\nd$ by russet2 ,calyx p>tially clos$2 ,bas9 slightly corrugat$2 ,fle% yell[1 v t5d]1 juicy1 mild sub acid1 excell5t1 highly priz$ 9 ,georgia & ! ,s\?2 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,c>t] ( ,alabama may prove ! same4--,c4 ,d[n+4 ,melon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4--,,melon4 ,orig9 ,ea/ ,bloomfield1 ,new ,york4 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 spread+1 r\nd-head$4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 some:at conical1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 wax5 yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) m>bl$ & mix$ sc>let1 /rip$ di/9ctly ) d>k] %ade2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas91 wide1 m$ium dep?2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 gre5 & br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 wide1 p>tially op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality almo/ be/2 ,use1 table1 m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,mu/]4 ,?is v nice apple 0 introduc$ to my att5tion by my v good fri5d ,calv9 ,flet*]1 ,jr41 ( ,indianapolis1 9 :i* neighborhood x gr[s4 ,its orig9 & hi/ory are unkn[n1 nor d any satisfactory responses come to ! (t-repeat$ "q--,:at is ?is delici\s apple8 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 angul>2 ,surface yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) mix$ r$ & spla%es ( crimson2 ,dots scatt]+1 l>ge1 yell[ & gray4 ,bas9 mod]ately deep1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core small1 clos$2 ,se$s plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality be/ = dess]t2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,p5nsylvania ,w9esap4--,local ,"n4 ,orig9 unkn[n2 ,gr[n 9 ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical-oblate1 truncat$1 angul>4 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 blu%$1 v little spla%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$1 wavy2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium or %ort1 /\t1 fle%y4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s few1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,wag5]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4--,,wag5]4 ,?is beautiful & useful apple orig9at$ at ,p5n ,yan1 ,yates ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 0 describ$ & figur$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,tree ?rifty1 upright1 productive1 & v e>ly be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate or globul>-oblate1 p5tangul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 yell[1 well cov]$ ) mix$ bright r$1 /ripes n di/9ct2 ,dots scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 gre54 ,core regul>1 wide1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,uses1 m>ket1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,i4--,,flat ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--;,,acid4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,cranb]ry ,russet4 ,?is apple 0 introduc$ to ! notice ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society by its ,vice-,presid5t1 ,j4 ,au/9 ,scott1 ( ,tol$o1 ,ohio4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oblate1 flatt5$ at ! sides1 irregul>2 ,surface r\gh1 russet$1 blu%$ c>m9e1 unev52 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray1 prom95t4 ,bas9 %all[1 unev52 ,eye small1 p>tially op54 ,cavity deep1 acute1 gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 knobby4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s long1 angul>1 br[n2 ,fle% break+1 t5d]1 n v juicy2 ,flavor q acid2 ,quality second rate1 b said to be sup]ior = cook+2 ,season1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,roxbury ,russet4 ,,bo/on ,,russet4--,,putnam ,,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4--,,roxbury ,,russet4 ,?is /&>d apple is p]haps z widely kn[n & z mu* admir$ z any o!r 9 ! catalogue4 ,x 0 br\ght to ! ,we/ by diff]5t r\tes--by ! ,ohio ,riv] & by ! lakes--& has be5 univ]sally di/ribut$4 ,^? br\ght to ! m\? ( ! ,musk+um ,riv]1 & propagat$ by ,mr4 ,putnam1 _h ! "n *ang$ to t ( ! ,m>ietta & ! ,putnam ,russet2 & at ! same "t ! appe>ance ( ! fruit 0 s alt]$ by increase 9 ! russet+1 t x 0 long ?\ght to be a diff]5t v>iety1 until ! "q 0 at l5g? settl$ by int]*ange ( grafts2 & :5 ^! fruit$ ! id5tity 0 prov$4 ,x is claim$ t m money has be5 realiz$ f ?is ?an f any o!r v>iety1 ?\gh1 on ! ,ohio ,riv]1 ! ,rome ,beauty is consid]$ to be equally pr(itable4 ,! popul>ity ( ?is ,russet is on ! wane1 h[ev]1 z x is v subject to attacks ( ! ,codl+-mo?1 :i* makes x fall1 & because x is apt to rip5 too e>ly 9 ! season 9 s\!rn locations & on lime/one soils4 ,h5ce its value z a keep+ apple is dim9i%$4 ,tree robu/1 vigor\s1 spread+2 ,%oots /\t1 /raggl+1 d>k2 ,foliage gray-gre54 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 (t5 lop-sid$ at ! ,we/1 frequ5tly angul>1 sometimes conic & truncat$2 ,surface ov]spread ) heavy br[n russet 9 ! ,s\?1 b gre51 (t5 bronz$1 & ) p>tial light russet at ! nor? ( latitude #da2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 regul> or wavy1 gre51 (t5 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 po9t$2 ,/em m$ium1 curv$4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 granul>1 (t5 co>se1 juicy2 ,flavor decid$ly acid2 ,quality second rate2 ,use1 m>ket & cook+2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y2 a bett] keep] 9 ! ,nor?4 ,:itney ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4--,,:itney ,,russet4 ,( unc]ta9 or accid5tal orig9 9 ! ext5sive nurs]ies & or*>ds ( my fri5d ,a4,r4 ,:itney1 ( ,frankl9 ,grove1 ,lee ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 :]e my specim5s & trees 7 procur$4 ,fruit m$ium or small1 r\ndi%-oblate1 truncat$1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 r ?9ly russet$2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 gre52 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium to long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 r>ely op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s v num]\s1 m$ium1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 v f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 spicy2 ,quality be/2 especially a dess]t apple2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,l>ge ,b\gh4 ,,l>ge ,,yell[ ,,b\gh1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4--,,l>ge ,,b\gh4 ,a native fruit1 mu* admir$ z an e>ly sweet apple4 ,tree vigor\s1 compact head1 r productive4 ,fruit r\nd-conic1 regul>1 v light2 ,surface smoo?1 :ite or pale yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 d>k1 ind5t$1 few4 ,bas9 r %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 deep1 sometimes br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 ne>ly clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s m$ium1 d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 v s(t1 light1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet :5 ripe1 some:at bitt] :5 gre52 ,quality only good--by "s call$ be/2 ,use1 m>ket1 /ock & dess]t--ta/eless :5 cook$2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,fallawat]4 ,,tulpehock51 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4--;,,fallawat]4 ,a native ( ,p5nsylvania1 :]e x is a great favorite2 ext5sively cultivat$ ?r\gh ! ,we/4 ,?is is ess5tially a m>ket apple1 hav+ little to recomm5d x b its size1 appe>ance & productiv5ess4 ,tree v vigor\s1 spread+1 productive1 n long-liv$2 ,%oots v /\t1 d>k2 ,leaves l>ge4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd or oblate-conic1 regul>2 ,surface sometimes smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 (t5 blu%$ crimson--l>ge specim5s cov]$ ) :iti% ve9$ m>ks2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 l>ge1 & hav+ :iti% bases4 ,bas9 r deep1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 /\t4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% :iti%1 (t5 gre5i%-:ite1 light1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 or sweet1 ) little "*2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 m>ket & /ock2 ,season1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & may be kept long] if desir$4 ,mi*ael ,h5ry4 ,,mi*ael ,,h5ry ,,pipp94--,coxe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4--,,mi*ael ,,h5ry4 ,orig9 ,monm\? ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 :]e x has _m admir]s4 ,tree vigor\s1 n l>ge1 spread+1 v productive1 e>ly be>]2 ,%oots d>k1 foliage m$ium & heal?y4 ,fruit fair1 m$ium to l>ge1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 dull gre51 :iti% /ripes1 pale yell[ :5 ripe1 r>ely a fa9t blu%2 ,dots scatt]$1 prom95t4 ,bas9 abrupt1 or %all[1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clasp+1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 black2 ,fle% pale yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 light1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 slightly aromatic1 little "*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y2 keeps well4 ,premium ( #aheh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4--,,premium ,,( #aheh4 ,f\nd 9 a se$l+ or*>d ne> ,spr+field1 ,ohio1 & aw>d$ ! premium 9 #aheh4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 :ite4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$ or op54 ,cavity wide1 %all[1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core r l>ge1 regul>1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 l9e gra9$1 t5d]2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,%ockley4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4--,,%ockley4 ,orig9 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,?is long-keep] f ! ,s\? promises to be an acquisition ( value = m>ket or*>ds1 unless its small size may make an objection4 ,tree vigor\s1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 wax5 yell[1 m>bl$ or blu%$ sc>let & crimson2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 regul>2 ,/em sl5d]1 long4 ,core long he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor mildly sub-acid1 ri*1 sac*>9e1 agreeable2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,m>* to ,june2 a good keep]4 ,sweet ,pe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4--,,sweet ,,pe>4 ,! orig9 ( ?is fruit is unc]ta92 ! specim5s 7 obta9$ 9 ! or*>d ( ,h4,p4 ,kimball1 & 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,dr4 ,george ,haskell--zeal\s pomologi/s at ,rock=d1 ,ill9ois4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 gray1 ind5t$2 r$ spots4 ,bas9 q %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 b long1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 r sl5d]1 gre54 ,core small1 r\nd1 some:at op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 po9t$2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 aromatic2 ,quality good to be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,victuals & ,dr9k4 ,,gre5 ,,sweet ,,( ,,indiana4--,,pompey4--,,fall ,,gre5 ,,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4--,,victuals ,,& ,,dr9k4 ,?is old v>iety has met ) great favor 9 its we/]n home1 ?\gh n e/eem$ or mu* cultivat$ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 unless ab\t ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey1 :]e x orig9at$ ab\t #agej1 accord+ to ,d[n+4 ,tree spread+1 l>ge2 ,bran*es twiggy1 sl5d]1 mod]ately productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical1 regul>1 b unev52 ,surface some:at r\gh1 dull gre5 to dull yell[1 (t5 ve9$ russet2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 sometimes abrupt1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 regul>1 oval1 clasp+1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect1 d>k2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite or yell[i%1 v t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 light2 ,flavor v sweet1 v ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 bak+1 table & /ock2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]--9 ! ,nor? lat]1 b is n a h\s+ apple4 ,virg9ia ,june4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4--,,virg9ia ,,june4 ,pres5t$ by ,w4,p4 ,putnam1 ( ,ohio1 z br\ght f ,adams ,c\nty1 ,mississippi4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oblate-conical1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 prom95t4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 abrupt2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity v wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em v %ort4 ,core he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 meet+ ! eye1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[2 ,flavor ri*1 sweet2 ,quality good2 ,septemb] to ,octob]1 9 ,ohio4 ,?is may prove to be "s kn[n v>iety1 b x has n yet be5 recogniz$4 ,! ,virg9ia ,june1 gr[n 9 ,k5tucky & ,indiana1 is q diff]5t1 be+ r\nd1 /rip$ & sub-acid4 ,x is e/eem$1 :]e kn[n1 z a h\sehold apple1 b becomes r dry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,k5tucky ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4--,,k5tucky ,,sweet4 ,?is is an apple ( ,k5tucky or s\!rn orig91 f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! we/]n c\ntry among ! emigrants f ,dixie ,l&1 ) :om x is a great favorite on acc\nt ( abundant fruitage & ri* sweetness4 ,specim5s1 "u "n1 7 receiv$ f ! intellig5t s\!rn pomologi/1 ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,fairview1 ,k5tucky1 also f ,j4,w4 ,dodge1 ( ,pomona1 ,t5nessee1 f :i* ! description & draw+ are tak54 ,x has also be5 se5 frequ5tly 9 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois4 ,fruit m$ium1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$1 /ripes obscur$ & sc>cely visible1 ! yell[ gr\nd color r>ely se52 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 regul>1 n>r[1 n deep1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 long1 op52 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity acute1 n deep1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core oval1 regul>1 n meet+ ! eye1 some:at op52 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge & imp]fect1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*1 slightly p]fum$2 ,quality v good to be/2 ,use1 bak+1 m>ket & /ock2 ,season ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,keeps well4 ,milam4 ,,blair4--7,r>ely47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4--,,milam4 ,?is is ano!r little s\!rn favorite1 to be f\nd by almo/ e cab9 9 p>ts ( ! ,we/4 ,:ole or*>ds h be5 plant$ ) spr\ts f ! "m trees1 among ! p to :om ! art ( graft+ 0 an unhe>d ( my/]y4 ,n[ di/ribut$ by nurs]ym5 all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 r\nd-head$1 twiggy2 %oots r$di%2 foliage r d>k4 ,annually productive & an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) m>bl$ r$1 indi/9ct /ripes2 ,dots small1 gray1 scatt]$1 prom95t4 ,bas9 n>r[1 wavy1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core ovate1 cov]+ ! eye1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 "s imp]fect2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid or sweet1 agreeable & refre%+1 b )\t any decid$ "*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 dess]t1 9 cook+ x lacks flavor2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,pumpk9 ,sweet4 ,,sweet ,,russet1 ( ,ohio4 ,fruit 0 exhibit$ at ! ,ohio ,/ate ,fair at ,zanesville4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 r\ndi%1 conical2 ,surface dull gre51 cov]$ ) a r\gh coat ( russet4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump2 ,fle% spongy1 light2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 bak+1 /ock2 ,season1 autumn4 ,?is apple has nev] comm5d$ itself v highly to my notice 9 ! limit$ opportunities ,i h _h = its exam9ation1 b x is e/eem$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry = bak+ & = /ock-fe$+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,augu/ ,t>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4--;,,augu/ ,,t>t4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,specim5s procur$ f ,m>ietta1 ,ohio4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 conical1 truncat$2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[-gre52 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wavy or fold$2 ,eye m$ium or small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality poor1 except = cook+2 ,season ,augu/4 ,democrat4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,specim5s obta9$ f ,george ,p[]s1 ( ,p]rysburgh1 ,ohio4 ,fruit m$ium1 h&some1 r\ndi%-conic1 regul>2 ,surface yell[1 blu%$ sc>let2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 v acute2 ,/em m$ium to %ort1 sl5d]4 ,core he>t-%ap$1 r op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use dess]t2 ,season ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,holl& ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4--;,,holl& ,,pipp94 ,!re is a /range confusion exi/+ 9 "s ( ! books1 by :i* ?is fruit has be5 associat$ ) ! ,fall ,pipp94 ,! ,holl&1 z gr[n 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york1 & ?r\gh ! ,we/1 z d]iv$ f ! =m] ,/ate1 is entirely diff]5t2 & z t is ext5sively kn[n1 its description is "h giv51 t x may be comp>$ ) ! o!r1 :i* belongs to a diff]5t class4 ,fruit l>ge1 regul>1 conic1 r oblate2 ,surface dull yell[i%-gre51 r>ely bronz$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 n>r[1 m$ium dep?1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 sometimes imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite or gre5i%-:ite1 break+1 co>se-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor q acid1 n ri*1 n agreeable2 ,quality only fair2 ,use cook+ only2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb] at ! ,nor?4 ,n se5 9 ! s\!rn c\nties ( ! ,/ates nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,middle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4--,,middle4 ,a comp>atively new fruit1 f ,h]kim] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 f\nd 9 a division f5ce betwe5 two neighbors2 h5ce its "n4 ,consid]ably cultivat$ 9 ! neighborhood1 :]e x is highly e/eem$4 ,introduc$ into ,ohio by ,mr4 ,john ,ludl[1 ( ,spr+field1 9 #ahed1 & propagat$ at ! ,oakl& ,nurs]ies ne> by4 ,tree ?rifty & productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 conical or oblate-conic1 regul>2 ,surface r smoo?1 gre5 to pale gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots small1 irregul>1 r abundant1 gray1 some:at prom95t4 ,bas9 %all[1 ne>ly regul>1 russet$1 l ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 sometimes lipp$1 wavy2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 oval1 regul>1 clos$1 j meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 v light color$2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality ne>ly fir/ rate2 ,use dess]t2 ,season ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 b is said to keep until ,may 9 ,new ,york4 ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aej4--,,:ite ,,w9t] ,,pe>ma94 ,?is favorite fruit 0 br\ght to ,indiana by "s ( ! e>ly pomologi/s1 9 ! days ( saddle-bag transportation4 ,9 a lot ( grafts1 two v>ieties1 hav+ lo/ _! labels1 7 propagat$ & fruit$ )\t "n4 ,be+ consid]$ ,pe>ma9-%ap$1 !y 7 call$ respectively ,r$ & ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma9s4 ,! =m] prov$ to be ! ,esopus ,spitz5b]g2 ! latt] has nev] yet be5 id5tifi$1 ?\gh believ$ to be an old ea/]n v>iety4 ,mr4 ,d[n+ sugge/s t x may be ,w9t] ,h>vey1 a description ( :i* ,i h n se54 ,at "o "t ?is apple 0 conf\nd$ ) ! ,mi*ael ,h5ry by _m ( u1 & ,mr4 ,elliott gives x z a synonym ( t v>iety1 b !y are v di/9ct4 ,tree spread+1 vigor\s1 productive1 ! b>k (t5 m>k$ by a k9d ( cank] or crack4 ,foliage l>ge1 r light gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 h&some :5 fair1 b (t5 scabby on ri* lime/one soils & on old trees1 conical1 regul>1 sometimes obscurely angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 (t5 bronzy2 ,dots scatt]$1 small1 d>k4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul> or %all[ & fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 (t5 knobby & clubb$4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 slightly clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 po9t$1 pale or yell[2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 v ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,uses table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,woolfolks4 ,?is is suppos$ to be a ,k5tucky se$l+4 ,x 0 receiv$ f my fri5d ,ormsby ,hite1 ( ,l\isville4 ,fruit full1 m$ium1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 yell[-gre52 ,dots scatt]$1 gray1 :ite bases4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wavy1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 gre54 ,core small1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s po9t$1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,alex&]4 ,?is ,russian apple1 s mu* admir$ = its size & beauty1 is n a favorite 9 ! or*>d1 ?\gh "s p]sons h f\nd x pr(itable 9 ! m>kets4 ,tree m$ium size1 spread+1 mod]ately productive1 e>ly be>]4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 fair & h&some1 conical1 truncat$1 sometimes obscurely angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 /rip$ & spla%$ di/9ctly bright r$1 sometimes %ad$ mix$ r$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 n>r[1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort1 /\t4 ,core wide1 regul>1 ne>ly clos$1 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 n f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 n ri*2 ,quality sc>cely good1 except = cook+2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,fruit falls badly f ! tree4 ,cayuga ,r$ ,/reak4 ,,tw5ty ,,ounce1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4--;,,cayuga ,,r$ ,,/reak4 ,i h pref]r$ to adopt ! above "n = ?is old ,connecticut apple1 to avoid ! confusion aris+ f ano!r & v indiff]5t fruit t is /ill consid]ably cultivat$ ^u ! same p>allels ) ?is1 & kn[n z ! ,tw5ty ,ounce ,pipp94 ,! ,cayuga is a v great favorite z a m>ket & family fruit 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry nor? ( latitude #dj--;be+ l>ge1 h&some & productive4 ,tree ?rifty1 heal?y1 e>ly productive1 r\nd-head$1 twiggy2 ,%oots m$ium or sl5d]1 r$di% br[n1 leaves l>ge4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 regul>1 globul>-conic2 ,surface g5]ally smoo?1 yell[-gre51 ne>ly cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 /rip$ & spla%$ sc>let2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 regul>1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,calyx long4 ,cavity wide1 fold$1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core wide1 l>ge1 irregul>1 op51 meet+ or slightly clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 pale2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor s\r1 n ri*2 ,quality good1 only = its special uses1 m>ket1 cook+ & dry+2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,cl>ke's ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4--;,,cl>ke',s ,,pe>ma94 ,orig9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,specim5s f ,w4,s4 ,we/brook4 ,tree gr[s sl[ly1 b v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-conic1 truncat$2 ,surface yell[1 cov]$ bright r$ & bronz$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts %ort1 reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 sometimes lipp$2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core small1 pyri=m1 regul>1 clos$1 sc>cely clasp+2 ,se$s1 "s imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use dess]t & kit*52 ,season ,decemb]4 ,clayton4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4--;,,clayton4 ,believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,c5tral ,indiana4 ,br\ght to my notice by ,z4,s4 ,ragan1 ( ,clayton1 ,indiana2 also exhibit$ by ! ,pla9field ,horticultural ,society at ! meet+s ( ! ,/ate ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 cov]$ ) dull r$1 /rip$ & spla%$ d>k]2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 n>r[1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 deep1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 /\t4 ,core wide1 regul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>1 %ort1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 n f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 all w9t] until ,m>*4 ,coop]'s ,m>ket4 ,,coop]',s ,,r$l+4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong-conic2 ,sk9 yell[i%1 %ad$ ) r$1 & /rip$ ) crimson2 ,/em %ort1 cavity deep1 n>r[2 ,calyx clos$1 bas9 small2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 ) a brisk sub-acid flavor2 ,decemb] to ,may4--7,d[n+47 ,e>ly ,joe4 ,?is delici\s summ] apple orig9at$ 9 ,ont>io ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 bu%y :5 "y1 e>ly be>]1 v productive4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 flat-conic1 regul>2 ,surface yell[ or wax51 mix$ r$1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 ) yell[ bases4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 long1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 ?ick4 ,core wide1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump1 br[n2 ,fle% light yell[1 break+1 v f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 spicy1 ri*1 v satisfy+2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t only2 ,season1 ,july4 ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry4 ,,am]ican ,,r$ ,,juneat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4--;,,e>ly ,,/rawb]ry4 ,orig9 ,new ,york2 ,tree ?rifty1 v upright1 :ile "y1 spread+ & l>ge :5 old]2 ,%oots d>k color$2 ,foliage abundant on long /ems1 bright gre51 almo/ %9+1 r n>r[1 long1 erect4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd-conic1 regul> or r>ely angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 (t5 %9+1 yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 /rip$ crimson2 ,dots r>e1 v m9ute2 ,surface /icky or greasy :5 h\se-rip5$4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 long2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>2 ,/em long1 r sl5d]1 sometimes %ort1 knobby4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 broad1 plump2 ,fle% :iti%-yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 dess]t1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,family4 ,?is new s\!rn v>iety is n yet suffici5tly kn[n to enable me to give a full description4 ,my trees h n borne4 ,fruit m$ium1 conic1 /rip$ r$2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,flu%+ ,spitz5b]g4 ,z "s d\bt has exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( _m pomologi/s 9 respect to ?is v>iety1 & z _m h _h ?is "n appli$ to ! ,baltimore ( ,elliott1 ,i quote t au?or's description3 ,am]ican4 ,tree vigor\s1 /rong br[n %oots2 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%1 slightly conical1 gre5i%-yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) w>m yell[i%-r$2 russet dots1 ) suffus$ fawn %ade surr\nd+2 ,/em sl5d]2 ,cavity n>r[2 ,calyx small2 ,bas9 %all[2 ,core r l>ge2 ,fle% :ite1 t+$ yell[1 juicy1 crisp1 mild1 ne>ly sweet2 'v good4' ,novemb] to ,febru>y4 ,gabriel4 ,,ladies' ,,blu%4--,,g>d5 ,,( ,,indiana4 ,?is is ?\ght to be a s\!rn apple1 b ! orig9 is unkn[n4 ,x may yet prove to be a kn[n v>iety 9 cultivation4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$ & /rip$ pale r$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s m$ium2 ,fle% t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid to sweet1 aromatic2 ,quality almo/ be/1 = dess]t2 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 or lat]4 ,limb]twig4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4--,,limb]twig4 ,?is well kn[n s\!rn apple is mu* cultivat$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,we/ z a long keep+ w9t] v>iety4 ,x is a favorite ) ! s\!rn immigrants1 & f\nd mo/ abundant 9 regions occupi$ by !m1 b x has be5 c>ri$ pretty f> to ! nor?4 ,! synonym ,james ,riv]1 z giv5 by ,d[n+1 is n met ) among ! p z appli$ to ?is apple1 b ! ,will[ ,twig is (t5 s nam$4 ,tree ?rifty1 exce$+ly productive2 ,%oots sl5d] & droop+ ) ! heavy crops4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\ndi% conic1 regul>2 ,surface r smoo?1 mix$ dull purpli% r$1 on gre51 /ripes sc>cely to be trac$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 irregul>1 br[n4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 curv$4 ,core r l>ge1 regul>1 turb9ate1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump1 long2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 firm2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,m>* & ,april4 ,keeps v well1 b wilts if expos$ to ! air--pres]v$ v well 9 ! gr\nd4 ,long ,isl& ,seek-no-,fur!r4 ,,we/*e/] ,,seek-,,no-,,fur!r4 ,?is old v>iety /ill has its admir]s 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 b is n (t5 se5 9 ! ,we/4 ,i describe specim5s f ,wm4 ,s4 ,c>p5t]1 ( ,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! tree is vigor\s & productive4 ,fruit r l>ge1 oblate1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[1 spla%$ bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 scatt]$1 russet4 ,bas9 %all[1 wavy2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s po9t$1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 cook+2 ,season1 ,octob]1 ,novemb]4 ,polly ,bright4 ,orig9 ,virg9ia4 ,consid]ably cultivat$ 9 ,ea/]n ,ohio4 ,fruit elongat$1 conic2 ,sk9 light yell[1 %ad$ c>m9e1 obscurely /rip$2 ,/alk ( m$ium l5g?1 9 an acute cavity1 russet$2 ,calyx 9 a small furr[$ bas94 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy1 ) a pleasant sub-acid flavor2 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4--7,d[n+47 ,rawle's ,janet4 ,,janett+ ,,or ,,g5eton--,,nev] ,,fail--,,rock ,,rimmon1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aef4--,,rawle',s ,,janet4 ,?is fam\s s\!rn apple has be5 spread ?r\gh\t ! ,we/1 & ev5 ! ,nor?we/ :]e1 h[ev]1 x has n prov$ h>dy4 ,x also has ! fault ( ov]-be>+1 :5 ! fruit is (t5 small & insipid4 ,9 suitable soils x is v f9e & des]v$ly a favorite ) plant]s1 "s ( :om recomm5d fifty trees ( ?is v>iety 9 an or*>d ( "o hundr$4 ,orig9 ,virg9ia4 ,tree ?rifty1 n l>ge1 spread+2 ,twigs br[ni%1 foliage m$ium1 r :iti%4 ,blossoms appe> lat] ?an o!r sorts1 & ?us !y sometimes escape a spr+ fro/4 ,fruit m$ium1 sometimes l>ge :5 ?9n$1 flatt5$1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ & /rip$ crimson on yell[ & gre52 ,dots num]\s1 small4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 curv$4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%1 crisp1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 v9\s1 refre%+2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 dess]t1 kit*51 m>ket & cid]2 ,season1 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & lat]4 ,r$ ,w9t] ,pe>ma94 ,,r$ ,,gillifl[]--,,r$ ,,lady ,,f+]--,,buncombe8 ,,etc4 ,?is favorite s\!rn apple is widely diffus$ ?r\gh ! ,s\? & ,we/1 & its good qualities h made x _m admir]s4 ,orig9 unc]ta94 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 upright1 productive1 annual be>]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$1 almo/ purpli% on yell[1 /ripes ne>ly lo/ 9 ! dep? ( color+1 :iti% %ad+ ext]iorly1 n a bloom2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute4 ,bas9 regul>1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye long or l>ge1 op54 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium l5g?1 ?ick1 knobby4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 almo/ sweet1 ri*1 satisfy+2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,rosy ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeg4--,,rosy ,,r$4 ,?is is "o ( ! valuable fruits :i* we owe to ! indefatigable ef=ts1 ( t e>ne/ pomologi/ & ?us philan?ropi/1 ,lewis ,jones1 ( ,cambridge1 ,indiana4 ,f\nd 9 a se$l+ or*>d4 ,fruit m$ium1 conical1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 bright r$1 g5]ally diffus$1 indi/9ctly /rip$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m$ium1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 %all[1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 n>r[1 deep1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 sl5d]1 yell[4 ,core wide1 indi/9ct1 p>tly op51 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 plump & imp]fect2 ,fle% pale yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket & table2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,we/field ,seek-no-,fur!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeh4--,,we/field ,,seek-,,no-,,fur!r4 ,?is favorite ,connecticut apple has be5 widely dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & is univ]sally admir$ by ^? :o come f ! ,nor!rn ,/ates2 on l[] p>allels x is less kn[n1 & n s highly appreciat$1 nor is x s f9e a fruit1 be+ l>g]1 b less compact1 m spongy1 less beautifully color$ & sometimes almo/ a russet4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%-conic2 ,surface smoo? dull r$1 mix$ & /rip$ on yell[1 9 ! ,nor? cle> bright r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 yell[2 lea!r-crack$ & russet$ ab\t ! apex4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$ or op54 ,cavity po9t$1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ & clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 break+2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 satisfy+1 n high flavor$ nor spicy2 ,quality only good 9 my e/imation2 ,use1 table & m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet4 ,,bullock',s ,,pipp91 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aei4--;,,am]ican ,,gold5 ,,russet4 ,?is delici\s table apple is a univ]sal favorite ) all :o c appreciate delicacy ( flavor & f95ess ( fle% 9 an apple1 & yet x is n a pr(itable v>iety = or*>d plant+1 because ! fruit is v apt to be imp]fect4 ,! be/ ,i h se5 7 f ! ,s\?1 & s&/one soils4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 r\nd-head$1 small2 ,foliage l>ge1 heal?y4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd-conic1 regul> :5 p]fect2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 russet1 sometimes fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[i%1 v f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 :5 fully ripe almo/ melt+1 l a pe>1 juicy1 becom+ dry :5 ov] ripe2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality v be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,*eesbor\gh4 ,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ & "o ( ! poore/ ( ! ,russet apples1 & unwor?y ( cultivation2 on t acc\nt put ^u record to be avoid$4 ,fruit l>ge & fair1 conical1 regul>2 ,surface dull gre51 ov]spread ) ?9 russet1 or m s\?w>d4 ,bas9 irregul>1 gre52 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity po9t$1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core l>ge1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s long1 po9t$1 angul>2 ,fle% gre51 break+1 co>se1 (t5 dry2 ,flavor acid or sub-acid1 n ri*2 ,quality poor2 ,use1 kit*5 only2 ,season1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,egyptian ,russet4 ,,bagby ,,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afj4--;,,egyptian ,,russet4 ,?is capital dess]t fruit 0 f\nd 9 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois & introduc$ to 8 fell[ pomologi/s ( ! ,/ate ,society by ,jno4 ,m4 ,hunt]1 nurs]yman1 ( ,a%ley4 ,its orig9 is unkn[n1 b suppos$1 l ! pione]s ( ! region1 to h come f ,t5nessee1 or "s o!r ,s\!rn ,/ate4 ,tree symmetrical1 mod]ately vigor\s1 productive2 ,twigs sl5d]4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 conical1 truncat$2 ,surface smoo?1 light yell[1 cov]$ ) f9e russet1 obscurely /rip$ gray4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy1 plait$1 gre52 ,eye m$ium to l>ge1 op54 ,cavity acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core irregul>1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% v t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 pe>-l2 ,quality v be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 until ,m>*4 ,l o!r russets dispos$ to wilt if too mu* expos$ to ! air4 ,p\ghkeepsie ,russet4 ,,engli% ,,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afa4--,,p\ghkeepsie ,,russet4 ,orig9 ,new ,york2 ,tree t5d]1 vigor\s1 upright1 productive2 ,%oots br[n1 sl5d]2 ,foliage heal?y4 ,fruit m$ium1 conical or globul>-conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 almo/ poli%$1 dull yell[i%-gre51 (t5 bronz$ ne> ! base1 m or less cov]$ ) f9e russet4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity po9t$1 wavy2 ,/em long4 ,core clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%1 firm1 incl9$ to be t\gh2 ,flavor acid1 poor2 ,quality ?ird rate2 ,use1 m>ket & cook+ only1 & valu$ because x keeps s\ndly = a long "t2 ,season1 ,decemb] until ,june4 ,ross' ,nonp>eil4 ,,spice ,,russet8 ,,( ,,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afb4--,,ross' ,,nonp>eil4 ,! delici\s fruit ab\t to be describ$ is believ$ to be ! celebrat$ ,iri% apple m5tion$ by ,?ompson1 ,l9dley1 & o!rs2 if n1 we h f\nd ano!r *oice fruit1 :i* des]ves to be bett] kn[n4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd at ! exhibitions 9 ,ohio & ,indiana4 ,(t5 %[n z ,spice ,russet1 flatt] & irregul>3 ,vide conspectus4 ,fruit m$ium1 regul>1 oblate-conical2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%1 ?9 russet1 r>ely blu%$ dull c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 wide1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core regul>1 op51 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality almo/ be/2 = table2 ,season ,decemb]4 ,spaf=d ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afc4--,,spaf=d ,,russet4 ,?is apple is suppos$ to h orig9at$ ne> old ,=t ,miami1 9 ,nor!rn ,ohio1 & 0 introduc$ to ! notice ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society by its ,vice-,presid5t1 ,j4 ,au/9 ,scott1 ( ,tol$o1 :o cultivates ! v>iety on ! banks ( ! ,maumee1 ne> ! place ( its suppos$ orig94 ,fruit m$ium1 flatt5$-conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 lightly russet$1 r>ely bronz$2 ,dots m9ute1 gre54 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 n>r[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core small1 op51 regul>1 meet+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort4 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic1 agreeable2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] until ,m>*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul> ,,or ,,angul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,beld5 ,sweet4 ,gr[n 9 ,connecticut1 v prolific2 ,fruit m$ium or bel[1 conic1 angul>2 ,sk9 light yell[1 ) a w>m *eek4 ,/em m$ium1 9 an acute deep cavity2 ,calyx clos$1 9 a small bas92 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sac*>9e1 ) a pleasant aromatic flavor2 ,decemb] to ,m>*4--7,d[n+47 ,lyman's ,pumpk9 ,sweet4 ,,p\nd ,,sweet4 ,orig91 ! or*>d ( ,s4 ,lyman1 ,man*e/]1 ,connecticut4 ,a v h&some1 l>ge1 sweet apple1 valu$ = bak+ & = /ock-fe$+4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 droop+1 r productive4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 r\ndi%-conical1 angul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core l>ge1 clos$2 ,se$s angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i%1 break+1 juicy1 (t5 wat]-cor$ & heavy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock-fe$+2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,sweet ,russet ( ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4--,,sweet ,,russet ,,( ,,k5tucky4 ,?is fruit 0 receiv$ f ,j4,s4 ,d[n] ,son1 ,elkton1 ,k5tucky4 ,fruit small1 conical1 truncat$1 angul>2 ,surface r\gh1 d>k russet2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 :ite1 prom95t4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity v %all[1 acute2 ,/em %ort1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 ne>ly clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 pale2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 f9e-gra9$1 n t5d]2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,sweet ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afe4--,,sweet ,,russet4 ,fruit m$ium1 conical1 unev52 ,surface yell[1 ?9 russet2 ,dots num]\s1 small1 prom95t4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core oval1 op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,s4,b4 ,p>sons ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 consid]s x ! be/ bak+ apple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$ ,,or ,,blu%$4 ,belmont4 ,,gate--,,mamma ,,bean1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aff4--;,,belmont4 ,?is beautiful apple is believ$ to be ( ,virg9ia orig91 b 0 br\ght into public notice & notoriety 9 ,belmont ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 :5ce its "n4 ,x is suppos$ to be ! same z ! ,wax5 ( ,coxe1 :i* t au?or ref]s to ,virg9ia4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive1 n h>dy2 ,twigs light olive4 ,fruit l>ge1 fair1 oblate-conic1 (t5 angul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 wax5-yell[1 (t5 fa9tly blu%$ orange1 & spott$ r$2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 regul> or wavy1 n deep2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core wide1 regul>1 some:at op51 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 flat2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 refre%+1 v agreeable2 ,quality ne>ly be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,cele/ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afg4--;,,cele/ia4 ,?is f9e amateur fruit1 :i* appe>s de/9$ to take ! place ( ! ,dy]1 be+ m h&some1 is a se$l+ f ! ,/illwat] ,sweet1 & 0 produc$ by ,l4,s4 ,mote1 ( ,miami ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical1 truncat$1 angul>2 ,surface some:at unev51 smoo?1 wax5-yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 di/9ct1 gray1 ) gre5 bases4 ,bas9 n>r[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 %all[1 angul>2 ,/em long or m$ium1 sometimes knobby4 ,core small1 oval1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 v f9e gra9$1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 v sprightly1 & spicy1 aromatic2 ,quality v be/2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,?is is ess5tially an amateur's fruit1 z its texture & color disqualify x = m>ket1 :ile its delici\s flavor r5d]s x v attractive4 ,detroit ,black4 ,,detroit ,,r$8--,,gr& ,,sa*em4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afh4--;,,detroit ,,black4 ,suppos$ to be ( ,canadian orig91 9 ! neighborhood ( ,detroit1 ,mi*igan4 ,i h put ^! two names toge!r1 because ! fruits pres5t$ z ,black & z ,r$ ,detroit are s v mu* alike 9 all respects t x is n wor? :ile to consid] !m di/9ct4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 conic1 angul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 %9+1 deep r$ %ad$1 almo/ black 9 "s specim5s1 no /rip+2 ,dots1 num]\s1 m9ute1 ind5t$1 gray4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 /em v %ort4 ,core wide1 clos$ or op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 br[n2 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 poor2 ,quality second to ?ird rate2 ,use1 kit*5 & dry+2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,! ,r$ v>iety may be di/9ct1 z x keeps lat]4 ,fall ,g5et+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afi4--;,,fall ,,g5et+4 ,elliott says ?is is an old ,connecticut v>iety4 ,tree vigor\s & productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 flatt5$-conic1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots r>e1 m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump or imp]fect1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 juicy1 crisp2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n v ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,f]d9&4 ,i procur$ my trees f ,virg9ia1 :]e x orig9at$4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright4 ,fruit l>ge1 flatt5$-conic1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale gre5 or yell[4 ,bas9 %all[2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity m$ium2 ,/em /\t4 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,m>*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,summ]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,h>rison4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agj4--;,,h>rison4 ,?is fam\s ,j]sey cid] apple1 f ,essex ,c\nty 9 t ,/ate1 has be5 c>ri$ we/w>d ov] a great ext5t ( t]ritory1 :]e x succe$s admirably well1 & :]e ! necessities ( ! p h br\ght to light its good prop]ties = ! kit*5 z well z = ! cid] mill4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit small1 r\nd-conical1 some:at angul> & irregul>2 ,surface n smoo?1 yell[1 r>ely blu%$2 frequ5t rose-color$ spots1 & m>ks radiat+ f ! cavity ov] ! base ( ! fruit2 ,dots small1 di/9ct1 gray4 ,bas9 none1 or v %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 r$1 knobby4 ,core regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 small2 ,fle% yell[1 compact1 dry till ripe1 !n juicy2 flavor acid to sub-acid1 v ri*1 sac*>9e2 ,quality good2 ,use1 especially = cid]1 also = cook+ & = dess]t 9 ,april4 ,keeps well4 ,p\nd ,royale4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aga4--,,p\nd ,,royale4 ,?is f9e summ] apple1 receiv$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ( ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 has long be5 consid]$ "o ( ! v be/ summ] apples along ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,tree a pretty good gr[]1 an e>ly & con/ant be>]1 v productive2 ,%oots d>k1 foliage d>k4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical1 slightly angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 glossy1 gre5i%2 ,dots small1 gre51 ind5t$4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long1 reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 sometimes knobby4 ,core small1 clos$ or slightly op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 delici\s2 ,quality v good to be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,diff]5t f ,p\nd ,royal ( ,d[n+1 :i* is a w9t]-keep+ fruit4 ,ridge ,pipp94 ,?is fruit appe>s to be q a favorite m>ket apple 9 ! neighborhood ( ,philadelphia1 :]e x orig9at$4 ,fruit r l>ge1 r\nd-conic1 v irregul>1 ribb$2 ,surface yell[1 lightly %ad$ & blu%$ ) r$1 & spr9kl$ ) russet & crimson spots4 ,bas9 abrupt1 furr[$ & fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*4 ,season1 until ,m>* & ,april4 ,! ,cook's ,favorite4 ,?is nice autumn apple comes to me f ,oliv] ,alb]tson1 a prom95t & intellig5t cultivator 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 m>k$ ,be/4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium1 flatti%-conical1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 :iti%-yell[2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 deep1 fold$1 ribb$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 r\ndi%1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality q good2 ,use1 kit*5 especially--cooks v well2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,tr5ton ,e>ly4 ,?is f9e autumn apple has be5 ?\ght to be ! ,engli% ,codl+4 ,( its orig9 & hi/ory we "k little1 except t x 0 "o ( ,silas ,:>ton's v>ieties1 & t x has be5 a great favorite :]ev] kn[n4 ,x 0 introduc$ to ! notice ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 #aheb1 by ,r4,w4 ,/eele1 ,esq41 ( ,dayton1 ,ohio1 ) ! foll[+ notes3 ,a l>ge1 :ite apple1 ( excell5t flavor1 & is highly e/eem$ bo? = eat+ & cook+4 ,x rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,! tree is a vigor\s gr[] & an abundant be>]4 ,x 0 introduc$ "h _m ye>s ago by ,silas ,:>ton1 ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 to :om ?is portion ( ! ,miami ,valley is l>gely indebt$ = ! introduction ( _m excell5t v>ieties ( apples & pe>s4 ,fruit l>ge1 conical1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 v pale yell[ or :ite2 ,dots r>e1 m9ute4 ,bas9 n>r[1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium or small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 r op52 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 pleasant2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 dess]t & kit*52 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,angul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,buck+ham4 ,,by]',s ,,r$--,,fall ,,que5 7( "s7--,,blackburn 7errone\sly47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agb4--;,,buck+ham4 ,?is favorite s\!rn apple1 f ,l\isa ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 has work$ its way nor?w>d into public favor at rapid rate1 "u ! influ5ce ( railways & ,pomological ,societies4 ,x 0 fir/ pres5t$ to ! ,am]ican ,society at ! ,philadelphia meet+1 9 #ahfj1 :5 x 0 figur$ & report$ on by ! ,committee on ,native ,fruits1 to "s ( :om1 z to ?\s&s ( o!rs 9 ! ,we/1 x 0 famili> z h\sehold words4 ,?is fruit 0 br\ght by settl]s to ,s\!rn ,ill9ois1 & !nce di/ribut$1 by tak+ up ! spr\ts t =m$ ab\t ! base ( ! /ocks1 & sett+ !m out = an or*>d4 ,i h "s ( ^! gr[+1 & !y make nice plants4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 compact :ile "y1 spread+ ) ! weight ( fruit1 nev] l>ge2 ! %oots r sl5d]1 r$1 d>k2 ,leaves m$ium1 r n>r[1 wid] t[>ds ! end1 d>k1 foot/alks r$4 ,! /ems ( ^! trees are *>act]iz$ by curi\s enl>gem5ts ( an irregul>1 mammell> =m1 & r$di% color1 & appe> to be l ! knaurs ( ! olive tree4 ,:5 ?is apple 0 fir/ br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 x 0 ?\ght to resemble ! ,w9t] ,que5 ( ,k5tucky s closely t x 0 consid]$ only a v>iety or sport1 & call$ ! ,/rip$ ,fall ,que51 b x has s9ce be5 deem$ a di/9ct sort4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 v>iable 9 =m1 b g5]ally conical1 or oblate-conic1 truncat$1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 mix$ & /rip$ pale purpli%-r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 prom95t1 yell[4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 wavy2 ,eye l>ge1 long1 op54 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 clos$2 ,axis v %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*1 agreeable2 ,quality be/1 or ne>ly s2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 dry+2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agc4--;,,esopus ,,spitz5b]g4 ,orig9 ,new ,york1 on ! ,hudson4 ,?is fruit has *ang$ its "* 9 progress+ we/w>d & s\?w>d1 becom+ l>g] & m irregul>1 less brilliantly color$1 less highly flavor$1 & less productive4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 ?rifty1 b 9 "s regions subject to blight & unpr(itable2 ,%oots sl5d]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 conical1 ribb$1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) bright r$1 m>bl$ & mix$1 /rip$ m or less di/9ctly2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 irregul>1 gray1 always elongat$ ne> ! base4 ,bas9 deep1 ribb$ or fold$1 (t5 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 or wavy2 ,/em long4 ,core l>ge1 clos$2 ,se$s long1 po9t$2 ,fle% ri*1 yell[1 break+1 juicy at ! ,nor?1 m fibr\s ?an crisp at ! ,s\?2 ,flavor q acid till ripe1 :5 x is ri*1 sac*>9e1 highly aromatic1 giv+ ! idea ( ! ,spitz5b]g flavor2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,lans+burgh4 ,! orig9 ( ?is long-keep] has n be5 trac$4 ,x has be5 common ab\t ,c9c9nati1 & along ! ,ohio ,riv]1 = _m ye>s4 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 bru%y & ?orny1 look+ l a wild+4 ,fruit m$ium1 conical1 angul>1 oblique1 (t5 unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5 & yell[1 bronz$ & blu%$1 becom+ v ri* yell[ & c>m9e--an indi/9ct gray-/rip+ makes ! ripe fruit appe> to be /rip$ yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$1 gray1 ) gre5 bases4 ,bas9 deep1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 irregul>1 r\gh ) br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 oval1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge2 ,fle% firm1 compact2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 negative2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 m>ket1 ornam5tal1 cook+2 ,season 9 ! kit*5 all w9t]--ornam5tal & eatable ,m>* to ,may1 or lat]4 ,late ,/rawb]ry4 ,,autumn ,,/rawb]ry4 ,! orig9 ( ?is *oice fruit appe>s to be unkn[n4 ,tree upright1 productive1 ?rifty1 leaves s]rate4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%1 conical1 angul>1 furr[$2 ,surface smoo?1 wax5-yell[1 mix$ & /rip$ sc>let2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 fold$1 irregul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 irregul>2 ,/em sl5d]1 long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle% yell[1 v t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 refre%+1 v9\s2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t especially2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,!re is ano!r simil> fruit--! ,frank or ,*5ango ,/rawb]ry1 :i* is by "s pref]r$ to ?is4 ,nor!rn ,spy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agd4--,,nor!rn ,,spy4 ,orig9 ne> ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,tree v vigor\s1 l>ge1 upright1 spread+1 :5 old]2 %oots r$di%1 leaves heal?y1 l>ge1 d>k4 ,tree productive :5 old1 b n an e>ly be>]2 ne$s trimm+ to admit light & air to ! fruit4 ,fruit l>ge1 flatt5$-conical1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$1 & spla%$1 sc>let1 or crimson2 ,dots scatt]$1 small4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>1 or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core l>ge1 irregul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 po9t$1 pale2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 becom+ sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 ) ! spic9ess ( a ,spitz5b]g2 ,quality consid]$ be/1 b r co>se 9 texture2 ,use1 table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] until ,may1 & 9 ! ,nor? long]4 ,r$ ,canada4 ,,/eel',s ,,r$4 ,orig9 ,new ,engl&4 ,tree ?rifty1 heal?y1 b sl5d]1 twiggy1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>-conic1 indi/9ctly angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ & /rip$ bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 ind5t$1 elongat$ ne> ! /em1 z 9 ,esopus4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core regul>1 clos$1 l>ge2 ,se$s imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 delici\s2 ,quality be/1 = table2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,r$ ,/ripe4 ,,e>ly ,,r$ ,,m>g>et 7incorrectly7--,,rockhill',s ,,summ] ,,que5 7,indiana74 ,?is h&some & productive e>ly apple has be5 ext5sively propagat$ 9 p>ts ( ,indiana1 "u ! names above pres5t$4 ,x 0 introduc$ at ,=t ,wayne by ,mr4 ,rockhill1 :o is report$ to h made m money f ! trees ( ?is v>iety ?an f twice z _m ( any o!r e>ly apple4 ,recomm5d$ = g5]al cultivation 9 t ,/ate4 ,tree h>dy 9 nurs]y & or*>d1 productive2 ,%oots v d[ny4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 long1 conical1 furr[$ or ribb$2 ,surface poli%$1 pale yell[1 mix$ & spla%$ crimson4 ,bas9 v %all[1 plait$2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n$2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core long1 oval1 embrac+ ! eye2 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good2 ,table or kit*52 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,scallop$ ,gillifl[]4 ,?is is suppos$ to be an old ,european v>iety4 ,its peculi>ly irregul> =m makes x q a rem>kable fruit4 ,x is sometimes call$ ,r$ ,gillifl[]2 b t "n is also v commonly appli$ to q ano!r fruit--! ,r$ ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 describ$ on a previ\s page1 9 ,class ,,ii41 ,ord] ,i41 ,section #b41 ,sub-section #b4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd-conic1 v irregul>1 furr[$ & ribb$2 ,surface yell[1 m>bl$ & spla%$ sc>let4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 fold$ or ribb$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 irregul>1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 r\nd1 v op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]4 ,*iefly gr[n nor?w>d4 ,seag]4 ,?is l>ge1 h&some fruit 0 exhibit$ at ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's meet+ at ,philadelphia1 9 #ahfj1 by ,*as4 ,p4 ,davis1 ( ,phillipsburgh1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! ,committee report$ x ,good4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-conic1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$1 spla%$ & mix$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 abrupt1 n>r[1 fold$1 plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n & yell[2 ,/em m$ium1 knobby4 ,core r\ndi%1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,/an>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #age4--,,/an>d4 ,f ,erie ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ?is fruit has made its way we/w>d1 by ! ,lakes1 hav+ be5 di/ribut$ by ,col4 ,hodge1 ( ,buffalo1 & br\ght to ! notice ( 8 we/]n fri5ds by ,hon4 ,m4,l4 ,dunlap1 ( ,*ampaign1 ,ill9ois1 :o e/eems x v highly4 ,i quote f 8 acc\nt ( x3 ,?is proves "o ( our mo/ pr(itable w9t] apples2 ! tree be>s "y & con/antly1 b full] on alt]nate ye>s2 fruit l>ge & %[y1 %oots l>ge & d[ny2 buds prom95t1 fruit buds l>ge1 & ! e>lie/ 9 ! or*>d to swell2 b !y d n op5 z soon z o!rs4 ,tree spread+1 trunk g5]ally crook$4 ,v h>dy4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 conical1 ribb$1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 some:at r$1 mix$ & /rip$ indi/9ctly2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 :ite4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$ & plait$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 globul>1 regul>1 clos$ or op52 ,se$s num]\s1 br[n1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 r co>se1 t5d]2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket & table2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,febru>y4 ,summ] ,que54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agf4--,,summ] ,,que54 ,am]ican4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd-conic1 angul>2 ,surface yell[1 cov]$ mix$ r$1 /rip$1 spla%$ sc>let2 ,dots m9ute1 yell[4 ,bas9 none or v %all[1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% firm1 yell[1 break+2 ,flavor acid1 v aromatic1 spicy2 ,quality fir/ rate2 ,use1 kit*52 ,season1 ,july1 ,augu/4 ,w9esap4--,coxe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agg4--,,w9esap4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive1 e>ly be>]2 ,bran*es op51 /raggl+2 ,%oots /rong1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 ,foliage curl$1 glauc\s1 sp>se4 ,fruit m$ium1 conical1 (t5 obscurely angul>1 or slightly ribb$2 ,surface r smoo?1 bright or d>k r$1 mix$ & obscurely /rip$ on yell[1 :i* is mo/ly cov]$1 (t5 ve9$ russet2 ,dots few1 m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 n>r[1 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 r$di% br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 some:at op52 ,se$s l>ge1 r light2 ,fle% firm1 yell[2 ,flavor ri*1 acid to sub-acid2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*51 cid]2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,m>*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,ii4--,,conical ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,angul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,=t ,miami4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agh4--;,,=t ,,miami4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! se$l+ russets ( ! ,maumee1 br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,/ate ,society by its ,vice-,presid5t1 ,j4 ,au/9 ,scott1 ( ,tol$o4 ,mr4 ,elliott describes x f notes tak5 9 #ahdf1 :5 he receiv$ specim5s f ,a4 ,spaf=d1 ,esq41 ,p]rysburgh1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright & spread+1 heal?y1 ?rifty2 ,%oots d>k2 n an e>ly be>]1 b productive :5 old]4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi% or oblong-conic1 truncat$1 angul>1 (t5 unequal2 ,surface ri* yell[ russet1 (t5 bronz$2 ,dots scatt]$1 nett$ russet+4 ,bas9 m$ium or %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core oval1 clasp+ ! eye1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s (t5 imp]fect2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 firm2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 quality ne>ly be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,febru>y to ,april4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,bluff ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agi4--;,,bluff ,,sweet4 ,?is apple 0 f\nd by ,g4,m4 ,beel] on ! banks ( ! ,:ite riv]1 ^u a f>m devot$ to pomology4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 regul>1 r\nd2 ,surface smoo?1 gre52 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity %all[1 regul>2 ,/em long4 ,core small1 oval1 po9t$2 ,se$s plump1 br[n2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,july4 ,r too small4 ,broadwell4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahj4--;,,broadwell4 ,?is delici\s w9t] sweet apple orig9at$ ne> ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,tree ?rifty1 vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 v>ies f globul> t[>d oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[ or :iti%1 ?9ly blu%$ ) c>m9e1 (t5 bronz$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 d>k4 ,bas9 abrupt1 r>ely fold$ or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s %ort1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i%1 f9e-gra9$1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 agreeable2 ,quality be/ w9t] sweet2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,caleb4 ,a ,p5nsylvania fruit4 ,tree vigor\s & productive2 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 sk9 yell[2 ,fle% r f9e1 v sweet1 excell5t = cook+4 ,la/ ( ,augu/ & fir/ ( ,septemb]4--,d[n+4 ,danv]s' ,w9t] ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aha4--;,,danv]s' ,,w9t] ,,sweet4 ,orig9 ,danv]s1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree v ?rifty1 v productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 truncate1 sometimes globul>-oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 unev51 gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 m$ium1 prom95t1 ) :ite & gre5 bases4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 knobby4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 br[n1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,fan*]4 ,?is new fruit 0 obta9$ f ,mr4 ,?omson1 at ! ,/ate ,fair at ,zanesville1 ,ohio4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,n id5tifi$ nor recogniz$4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 globul>1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core wide1 r\nd1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,gold5 ,sweet4 ,,orange ,,sweet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahb4--;,,gold5 ,,sweet4 ,f ,connecticut4 ,tree v robu/1 vigor\s1 spread+1 r\nd-head1 e>ly--productive2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k1 foliage l>ge1 d>k4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 wax5 to ri* yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 ind5t$1 gre54 ,bas9 %all[1 wide regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 yell[4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 po9t$1 light br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 aromatic1 l sassafrass2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+ & m>ket2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,higby ,sweet4 ,,lady ,,blu%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahc4--;,,higby ,,sweet4 ,orig9 ,trumbull ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 introduc$ by ,dr4 ,kirtl&4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 di/9ct1 :ite & d>k4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wavy1 deep2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core small1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,hightop ,sweet4 ,,sweet ,,june4 ,f ,plym\?1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s1 v upright1 exce$+ly productive & pr(itable4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 black4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core v small1 oval1 sep>ate f ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 yell[2 ,fle% :ite1 or gre5i%-:ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,june & ,july4 ,hol/on ,sweet4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,n id5tifi$ z any o!r v>iety2 receiv$ f my bro!r1 ,j4,t4 ,w>d]1 ,spr+field1 ,ohio4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo? gre5i%-yell[1 bronzy2 ,dots scatt]$4 ,bas9 regul>1 small2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity %all[1 wide2 ,/em long to m$ium4 ,core small1 oval1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s %ort1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% :iti%-yell[1 v f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 bak+2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,"o ( ! be/ sweet table apples--bett] ?an ,higby ,sweet4 ,may4 ,,may 7( ,my]s7--,,rh5i% ,,may 7( ,ill9ois47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahd4--,,may4 ,?is long-keep+ apple has be5 widely dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/1 & yet ,i d n f9d its hi/ory nor orig94 ,x has be5 exhibit$ at all our w9t] meet+s1 & f9ds favor on acc\nt ( its productiv5ess & its long-keep+ prop]ties4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s & productive--believ$ to be h>dy4 ,its reput$ =eign orig9 is discr$it$4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 incl9$ to conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 (t5 %9+1 pale gre5i%-yell[1 (t5 fa9tly blu%$1 or bronz$4 ,bas9 %all[1 g5]ally regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 r sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 rea*+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 compact1 f9e1 suffici5tly juicy2 ,quality fair2 ,use m>ket & kit*52 ,season spr+ & into summ]4 ,morton4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahe4--,,morton4 ,?is undescrib$ fruit appe>s to h orig9at$ 9 ,cl]mont ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,my specim5s & trees came f my wor?y fri5d1 ,wm4 ,e4 ,me>s1 ( ,mil=d1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 r\nd top1 spread+1 productive2 ,%oots r sl5d]2 ,leaves ri* gre51 abundant4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre51 becom+ yell[1 ) a dull bronzy blu%2 ,dots gray & br[n4 ,bas9 %all[1 or deep & abrupt1 regul> or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em r sl5d]1 (t5 long4 ,core v small1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s n num]\s1 flat1 angul>2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor r sweet1 ri*1 agreeable2 ,season ,decemb] to ,janu>y4 ,wor?y ( cultivation4 ,p>adise ,summ] ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahf4--,,p>adise ,,summ] ,,sweet4 ,orig9 ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate-globul>1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 :ite4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 acute1 gre52 ,/em long1 incl9$1 yell[4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 r\nd1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[1 melt+1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sweet2 ,quality be/2 ,use table & kit*52 ,season ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,p>adise ,w9t] ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahg4--,,p>adise ,,w9t] ,,sweet4 ,orig9 believ$ to be simil> to its pr$ecessor--,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 (t5 unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-:ite2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 wide1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s plump & d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,tallman's ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahh4--,,tallman',s ,,sweet4 ,?is favorite bak+ apple ( ,new ,engl& has travel$ f ,rhode ,isl& :]ev] h] h>dy sons h gone we/w>d4 ,tree h>dy1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 d>k2 frequ5tly a di/9ct l9e on "o side f /em to eye4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity r wide1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium size1 long4 ,core he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 firm2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,b5tley ,sweet4 ,?is long-keep+ sweet apple 0 receiv$ 9 ,ea/]n ,ohio f "s "p ( ,virg9ia1 :]e x is suppos$ to h orig9at$4 ,tree q vigor\s1 upright :ile "y1 spread+1 productive--an e>ly be>]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 truncat$1 slightly flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 or gre5i%1 cov]$1 mix$1 blot*$1 /rip$ & spla%$ dull r$1 becom+ bright] :5 ripe2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em sl5d]1 long4 ,core r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 long2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 break+1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,season spr+ & all summ] until ,septemb]4 ,keeps s\nd4 ,b[l+ ,sweet4 ,f ,spottsylvania ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,tree vigor\s1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium r\ndi%1 dull r$ on yell[2 ,fle% ri*1 juicy1 sweet2 ,entirely free f acid2 ,octob] to ,janu>y4--,h4,r4 ,robey1 9 ,d[n+4 ,cullasaga4 ,orig9 ,macon ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,good gr[]2 a /&>d w9t] fruit = ! ,s\?4 ,fruit m$ium or l>ge1 r\ndi%1 incl9+ to oval1 flatt5$ at base & cr[n1 sk9 yell[i%1 mo/ly %ad$ & /rip$ ) d>k crimson1 & spr9kl$ ) :iti% dots2 ,/em small & %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity1 surr\nd$ by russet2 ,calyx op51 set 9 a %all[1 corrugat$ bas92 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 juicy1 ) a v mild1 ri*1 almo/ sac*>9e flavor4 ,janu>y to ,april4--,d[n+4 ,gilp94 ,,c>?\se--,,little ,,r$ ,,romanite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahi4--;,,gilp94 ,?is valuable ,virg9ia apple 0 cultivat$ & di/ribut$ by ,coxe1 & has f\nd its way into ! or*>ds & into favor all ov] ! c\ntry1 on acc\nt ( its productiv5ess & e>ly be>+4 ,tree rem>kably vigor\s1 /rongly bran*$1 spread+1 op51 r\nd head1 v productive2 %oots /\t1 d>k2 foliage r sp>se1 some:at curl$ & glauc\s4 ,fruit m$ium1 small on old trees1 r\nd1 truncat$ at ! ends1 mak+ x look cyl9drical1 mo/ly symmetrical1 b l>ge specim5s (t5 some:at irregul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 (t5 poli%$1 deep r$ all ov]1 /ripes indi/9ct2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em v %ort4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s few1 l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 ri*2 ,quality poor = dess]t1 ?\gh x is eatable 9 ! spr+--valuable = its cid] f ! ri*ness ( ! mu/4 ,keeps s\nd until ,may--bruises d n rot z 9 o!r apples4 ,valuable also = /ock4 ,its e>ly be>+ makes x v desirable 9 a new c\ntry1 & 9 ! prairies x has receiv$ ! s\briquet ( ,doll>s & ,c5ts4 ,hall4 ,,hall',s ,,se$l+--,,hall',s ,,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aij4--;,,hall4 ,f ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & n[ be+ spread ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n ,/ates z a fruit ( great promise4 ,tree m$ium size1 suffici5tly ?rifty1 upright1 h>dy1 v productive2 ,%oots long1 r sl5d]1 r$di%1 wood firm4 ,introduc$ into ! ,we/ by ! v5]able ,r4 ,ragan1 ( ,fillmore1 ,indiana4 ,! specim5s f :i* ! foll[+ description 0 made 7 s5t by ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,elkton1 ,k5tucky1 f :om also my trees 7 obta9$4 ,mr4 ,j4,p4 ,wilson1 ( ,olney1 ,ill41 says1 x orig9at$ 9 ,sal9e ,c\nty1 ( t ,/ate1 ) ,jona?an ,hall1 ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 8 ,fruit small1 r\nd1 slightly conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) bright r$1 mix$ & /rip$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 wavy or plait$1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core pyri=m1 regul>1 slightly op51 clasp+2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 agreeable2 ,quality almo/ be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,april4 ,ladies' ,sweet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aia4--,,ladies' ,,sweet+4 ,?is prime favorite ( ,*as4 ,d[n+ orig9at$ ne> ,newburgh1 ,new ,york4 ,?\gh hav+ _m admir]s1 x f9ds /rong competitors 9 ! ,broadwell1 ,p>adise ,w9t]1 & "s o!rs ( ! same season4 ,tree ?rifty1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conic1 occasionally angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 light yell[1 /rip$ & spla%$ ) bright r$2 ,dots di/9ct1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 (t5 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium or wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 or long & sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 clos$ or op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s 7#af71 angul>2 ,fle% :ite1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 agreeable2 ,quality only good 7to my ta/e72 ,use1 table1 bak+ & /ock fe$+2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,sc>let ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aib4--,,sc>let ,,sweet4 ,?is delicate fruit 0 receiv$ f my good fri5d ,jas4 ,edg]ton1 ( ,b>nesville1 ,ohio1 :o _h exhibit$ x at ! ,/ate ,pomological ,society at diff]5t times4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$ & blu%$ sc>let2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core r wide1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,uses1 table1 bak+ & m>ket2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,?is is diff]5t f ! ,sc>let ,sweet+ ( ,sigl]1 ( ,morgan ,c\nty1 ,ohio--m l ,hampton's ,sc>let ,sweet1 ( ,m4,s4 notes4 ,sweet ,janet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aic4--,,sweet ,,janet4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! f9e fruits orig9at$ by ,reub5 ,ragan1 ( ,indiana1 f se$ ( ,rawle's ,janet4 ,tree l>ge1 heal?y1 vigor\s1 spread+2 ,%oots r /\t1 br[n2 foliage ri* gre54 ,annually productive ( f9e1 fair fruits1 :i* are well di/ribut$ & hold well4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 cov]$ ) ri* r$ or crimson1 mix$ & /rip$2 ,dots num]\s1 r l>ge1 yell[1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 regul> or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 v n>r[1 wavy2 ,/em q %ort4 ,core m$ium1 turb9ate1 regul>1 slightly op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,v pr(itable4 ,sweet ,romanite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aid4--,,sweet ,,romanite4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,gr[n 9 ,ill9ois2 introduc$ at ! ,/ate ,society by ! lam5t$ ,cyrus ,r4 ,ov]man1 ,presid5t--mu* e/eem$ by him4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 sometimes flatt5$ or truncate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$1 mix$ bright r$ & dull r$1 /ripes indi/9ct2 ,dots scatt]$1 irregul>1 br[n or fawn on ! deep] colors4 ,bas9 m$ium1 or deep & abrupt1 fold$1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 gre54 ,core r\ndi%1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+1 cid]1 table & /ock2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,april4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,orange ,sweet+ or ,russet4 ,an ea/]n v>iety--n mu* cultivat$4 ,fruit l>ge1 v r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[1 bronzy-orange1 russet$2 ,dots num]\s1 :ite1 gre5 bases4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 lipp$1 wavy2 ,/em %ort1 gre54 ,core v l>ge1 turb9ate1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 pale2 ,fle% gre51 r t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good--= bak+ especially2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,pumpk9 ,russet4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 regul>2 ,surface cov]$ ) co>se russet+2 ,fle% spongy1 light1 v sweet2 ,us$ = bak+ & apple butt]2 ,season1 autumn4 ,n valuable1 except = /ock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$ ,,or ,,blu%$4 ,a%more4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aie4--;,,a%more4 ,! orig9 ( ?is f9e dess]t fruit is n kn[n4 ,?\gh n commonly cultivat$1 x is consid]ably scatt]$1 & has come to me f sev]al po9ts 9 ! ,we/ ) diff]5t local names4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 ) long p>allel bran*es t become spread+4 ,%oots r sl5d]1 foliage ri* gre54 ,fruit r l>ge1 h&some1 r\nd1 frequ5tly flatt5$1 regul>1 r>ely angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 poli%$1 v light wax5 yell[1 almo/ :olly cov]$ ) brilliant lively c>m9e1 v r>ely an indi/9ct /ripe2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 m$ium1 (t5 wavy or ev5 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity n>r[1 acute1 regul> or wavy2 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core indi/9ct1 clos$2 ,se$s plump2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 crisp1 t5d]1 v f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/1 ?\gh n ri*2 ,uses1 table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]2 ,may be kept into w9t]4 ,!re is also a ,/rip$ ,a%more1 resembl+ ?is 9 e respect1 except 9 ! di/9ct /ripe4 ,x is suppos$ to be a sport f ! above4 ,bo? v>ieties h be5 propagat$ to "s ext5t by suck]s or spr\ts4 ,bl$soe4 ,f ,c>roll ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky2 ,s5t to ,ohio by ,lewis ,s&]s4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conical1 flatt5$ at ! base1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[4 ,bas9 sometimes fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good--,k5tucky ,horticultural ,society say v good2 ,season1 ,septemb] to ,april4 ,bu%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aif4--;,,bu%4 ,receiv$ f ,w4,g4 ,w>+1 ,tyrone1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,c5tre ,c\nty4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 ?rifty1 regul>ly productive4--,w4,g4,w4 ,fruit l>ge1 fair1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 waxy yell[1 occasionally a fa9t blu%2 ,dots m9ute1 r>e4 ,bas9 wavy2 ,eye m$ium to small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 br[ni%2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 yell[4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 r op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality v good2 ,season ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,mr4 ,w>+ consid]s x "o ( ! be/ ( ! season1 9 :i* op9ion ,i unite4 ,corni% ,aromatic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aig4--;,,corni% ,,aromatic4 ,?is =eign v>iety 0 import$ & te/$ at ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 by ,mr4 ,george ,he9sohn1 to :om ,i am indebt$ = specim5s ( o!r ,european v>ieties4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 a little flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 wa%$ ri* r$2 ,dots & spots yell[ russet4 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 regul> or furr[$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium dep?1 n>r[2 ,/em m$ium to long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 some:at op51 clasp+2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 spicy2 ,season ,novemb] to ,febru>y4 ,duffield ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aih4--;,,duffield ,,pipp94 ,specim5s f my fri5d ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ( ,mi*igan1 :o says x is a se$l+ t orig9at$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 ) ! ance/ors ( ,geo4 ,duffield1 ,d4,d41 = :om x 0 nam$1 :5 x receiv$ a fir/ premium at ! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,fair1 z a valuable w9t] v>iety4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 r\nd1 sometimes conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$2 m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 n>r[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 acute2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,uses table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season ,janu>y to ,april4 ,fall ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aii4--;,,fall ,,pipp94 ,x is un=tunate t s9ce ! days ( ,coxe !re %\ld h be5 a conf\nd+ ( ?is noble & delici\s ,am]ican apple ) ! inf]ior =eign kit*5 v>iety3 ! ,holl& ,pipp94 ,tree exce$+ly vigor\s1 l>ge1 wide-bran*+1 op5 head1 n e>ly be>]1 mod]ately productive :5 old2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k2 ,leaves l>ge1 broad4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 h&some1 globul>1 truncat$1 mak+ x cyl9drical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[1 r>ely blu%$ ,s\?1 frequ5tly s ,nor?1 ) sk9 f9]2 ,dots m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>1 m>k$ ) conc5tric r+s :i* (t5 crack op5 9 l>ge s\!rn specim5s2 ,eye l>ge1 op52 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 or n>r[1 deep2 ,/em long4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s po9t$1 (t5 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 compact1 v f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor acid1 becom+ sub-acid1 aromatic1 delici\s2 ,quality be/ = dess]t1 kit*51 m>ket & dry+2 ,season ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 ,fall ,swa>4--,,( ,,! ,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjj4--;,,fall ,,swa>4 ,! orig9 ( ?is apple is unkn[n4 ,l _m o!rs ( our ,we/]n fruits1 :i* h be5 receiv$ f v>i\s s\rces1 & (t5 f unreliable p]sons1 & ) wrong names1 we h be5 oblig$ to re-*ri/5 ?is4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>1 h&some2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 ) a bronzy blu%2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long1 knobb$4 ,core r small1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,uses table & kit*52 ,season ,septemb]4 ,gl\ce/] ,:ite4 ,?is ,virg9ia apple 0 highly priz$ by ,coxe = its qualities z a cid] fruit4 ,n hav+ se5 x1 8 description is quot$3 ,?is apple is ( middl+ size1 ( a %ape n v uni=m1 v>y+ f oblong to flat2 ! color :5 ripe is a bright yell[1 ) cl\ds ( black spots2 ! fle% is yell[1 ri*1 break+1 & juicy2 ( a f9e flavor z a table apple1 & produc+ cid] ( an exquisite ta/e4 ,! /alk is ( ! ord9>y l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a cavity ( m$ium dep?2 ! cr[n is mod]ately deep4 ,! "t ( rip5+ is ab\t ! fir/ ( ,octob]1 aft] :i* ! fruit soon falls & is fit = cid]4 ,x does n keep long1 b :ile 9 season is a delici\s table apple4 ,! tree is v ?rifty1 h>dy & vigor\s1 ( a regul> & beautiful =m1 & v productive4 ,x is mu* cultivat$ 9 ! l[] c\nties ( ,virg9ia1 f :5ce ,i procur$ x1 z an apple ( high reputation4 ,horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bja4--;,,horse4 ,ano!r s\!rn favorite1 mu* lik$ by its we/]n cultivators1 especially z a useful family apple4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conical1 truncat$1 unev52 ,surface yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 ind5t$1 l>ge1 gray & gre5i%4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core l>ge1 some:at op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*51 m>ket & dry+2 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,hunge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjb4--;,,hunge4 ,?is s\!rn apple 0 receiv$ f ,mr4 ,s4,w4 ,we/brooke1 ,gre5sboro'1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 :ite4 ,bas9 regul>1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$1 v long2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em %ort1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 wide1 irregul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 mild2 ,quality pretty good2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 dry+2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,knick]bock]4 ,specim5s f ,w4,s4 ,c>p5t]1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit above m$ium1 r\ndi%1 conic1 unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 di/9ct1 :iti%1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wavy1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 gre54 ,core v wide1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s angul>1 pale2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,long ,isl& ,pipp94 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,specim5s receiv$ f ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ,plym\?1 ,mi*igan4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo? yell[i%-gre52 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core l>ge1 oval1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 angul>1 pale2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality almo/ be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,janu>y4 ,l[ell4 ,,tall[ ,,pipp91 ,,que5 ,,anne1 ,c4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 r\nd-head$2 ,foliage yell[i% gre54 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 waxy yell[1 n blu%$ or bronz$1 becom+ greasy :5 kept indoors2 ,dots num]\s1 gre54 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$1 pale2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table1 cook+1 dry+1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,mc,adow's ,june4--,local ,"n4 ,specim5s receiv$ f ,*illico!1 ,ohio4 ,?\ght at "o "t to be ,tet(ski1 b ! descriptions d n correspond4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 globul>1 slightly conical1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%1 yell[1 blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 :ite4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity r wide1 regul>2 ,/]n long1 /\t4 ,core small1 r\nd1 clos$1 n meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,use1 kit*51 table2 ,quality good2 ,season1 ,june1 ,july2 "o ( ! e>lie/4 ,pomologi/s h be5 9 d\bt :e!r ?is may n be ! ,tet(ski4 ,comp>ison %\ld be made ( ! tree *>act]s4 ,mi*igan ,gold54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjc4--,,mi*igan ,,gold54 ,?is beautiful apple 0 receiv$ f ! accurate pomologi/1 ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ( ,plym\?4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 slightly conic1 truncat$ & some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 becom+ greasy1 gre5i% yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality ne>ly be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb] to ,novemb]4 ,monm\? ,pipp94 ,,r$ ,,*eek4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjd4--,,monm\? ,,pipp94 ,fruit r l>ge1 h&some1 r\ndi% or flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[1 blu%$ & m>bl$2 ,dots m9ute1 gre54 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good = cook+ only2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,newt[n ,pipp94 ,,gre5 ,,newt[n4 ,?is is probably ! orig9al ,newt[n ,pipp91 b by no means ! m common1 :i* is ! ,yell[ ,newt[n ,pipp91 to be describ$ 9 ano!r place4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 flatt5$1 sometimes obscurely ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 gre51 becom+ yell[i% gre5 :5 fully ripe1 sometimes bronzy1 & always %[+ :ite irregul> /ri ne> ! base :5 fir/ ga!r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 d>k4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s po9t$1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% gre5i% :ite1 crisp1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t1 cook+2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,roman ,/em4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bje4--,,roman ,,/em4 ,orig9 ,burl+ton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 v productive4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 (t5 blu%$2 ,dots m9ute1 d>k4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 or wavy1 russet2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 lipp$2 ,/em long4 ,core r l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,royal ,pe>ma94 ,we h two diff]5t apples be>+ ?is "n1 bo? v promis+ & desirable sorts4 ,i %all1 9 ?is place1 attempt to describe ! "o m5tion$ by ,coxe1 z my specim5s are trac$ back to 8 nurs]y1 ?\gh com+ to ! ,we/ by way ( ,georgia4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 r flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface n smoo?1 ( a ri* yell[1 f9ely blu%$1 ) c>m9e m or less diffus$ ov] ! fruit1 & ov]spread ) a v ?9 russet2 ,dots m$ium1 prom95t1 br[n4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,fle% ri* yell[1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 sprightly2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,febru>y4 ,virg9ia ,quak]4 ,?is v f9e little apple 0 obta9$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,orig9 n kn[n4 ,fruit q small1 globul>1 flatt5$1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute1 black4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core ovate1 clos$2 ,se$s m$ium2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 firm1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good1 ,mr4 ,gillett says1 be/2 ,season1 mid-summ]4 ,voss' ,w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjf4--,,voss' ,,w9t]4 ,s\!rn4 ,! specim5s 7 obta9$ f ,mr4 ,we/brooke1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 :ite1 ) lea!r-crack+1 & a heavy bloom2 ,dots m9ute1 irregul>1 br[n4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 curv$4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s irregul>2 ,fle% :iti% yell[1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,:ite ,pipp94--,( ,k5tucky4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 some:at oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre51 becom+ pale yell[1 sometimes fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots num]\s1 :ite1 r l>ge4 ,bas9 small1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye v small1 long1 sl5d]1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 regul>1 knobby4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$1 angul>1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,wilson4--,( ,mi*igan4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gold5 yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 d>k4 ,bas9 small1 fold$2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 v deep1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium or %ort1 crook$4 ,core small1 globul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 %ort2 ,fle% v yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,yell[ ,+e/rie4 ,?is old ,engli% v>iety has be5 propagat$ pretty ext5sively 9 ! ,nor?we/1 & ?\gh too small = a pr(itable m>ket fruit1 x has be5 f\nd desirable on acc\nt ( its e>ly & abundant productiv5ess4 ,fruit small1 globul>1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 lemon yell[2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s few1 l>ge1 pale2 ,fle% :iti% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality b>ely good2 ,use1 cook+2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section ,,ii4--,,/rip$4 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjg4--;,,am]ican ,,summ] ,,pe>ma94 ,?is delici\s apple is suppos$ to be ( ,am]ican orig94 ,x is ess5tially a fruit = ! amateur2 be+ ( sl5d] & sl[ gr[? 9 ! nurs]y1 x is n a favorite ) ! propagators1 & ?\gh mak+ a l>ge & productive tree 9 ! or*>d1 x is n pr(itable z a m>ket v>iety4 ,fruit m$ium1 v>iable 9 =m1 be+ oblong1 r\nd1 conic & ev5 oblate1 regul> or unequal2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) dull purpli% r$1 m>bl$1 & made up ( v %ort spla%es1 ) di/9ct /ripes & spla%es ( bright] r$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye r l>ge1 ne>ly clos$2 ,segm5ts recurv$4 ,cavity r deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 r\ndi%1 clos$2 ,se$s small1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 exce$+ly t5d]1 almo/ melt+1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 delici\sly refre%+2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,baccal9us4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjh4--;,,baccal9us4 ,fruit$ by ,j4,h4 ,cra91 ,pulaski ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 on trees n9e ye>s old1 :i* produc$ t5 bu%els apiece1 %[+ its productiv5ess4 ,?is valuable ,s\!rn keep] bids fair to become a great favorite4 ,tree ?rifty1 v productive2 ,fruit small1 globul>1 truncat$1 regul>1 h&some2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ bright r$1 & spla%$ crimson on pale yell[2 ,dots few1 m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small b long1 clos$2 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 or slightly op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb] till ,m>* or long]2 ,quality v good4 ,beauty ( ,k5t4 ,a l>ge ,engli% apple1 well adapt$ to ! kit*54 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 r productive4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i% yell[1 m or less cov]$ ) bright r$ mix$1 & spla%$ ) a d>k] hue2 ,dots small4 ,bas9 q %all[1 regul>2 ,eye v small clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to %ort4 ,core regul>1 m$ium1 ovate1 slightly op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% :iti% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 cook+ & m>ket1 = :i* x is well adapt$ by its size & appe>ance2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,b5 ,davis4 ,,new ,,york ,,pipp91 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bji4--;,,b5 ,,davis4 ,?is h&some ,s\!rn apple has atta9$ a wond]ful notoriety )9 a few ye>s1 & its culture has be5 greatly ext5d$1 n on acc\nt ( its sup]lative excell5ce1 b because ( its _m good qualities z an or*>d tree or m>ket fruit4 ,x 0 long cultivat$ by ,v]ry ,aldri*1 9 ,bureau ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 & exhibit$ z ,new ,york ,pipp91 :i* "n gave an idea ( its ea/]n orig91 b 9 o!r localities its relations po9t cle>ly to its s\rce 9 ! ,s\?4 ,to ,mr4 ,j4,s4 ,d[n] we are indebt$ = a k ( its pres5t "n1 & = confirmation ( its id5tity "u its sev]al synonyms4 ,?is apple may be said to h succe$$ z well 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,indiana & ,ill9ois z 9 _! s\!rn bord]s1 :]e x has long be5 plant$2 ?\gh ! nor!rn or*>ds are /ill "y1 !y are v promis+4 ,! fruit is modifi$ some:at by a cool] climate1 & w keep lat] ?an t gr[n 9 ! ,s\?4 ,tree rem>kably heal?y & vigor\s1 an upright1 rapid gr[] 9 ! nurs]y1 & has num]\s %ort spur-bran*es along ! /em4 ,9 ! or*>d ! limbs are set v /rongly1 & ! /ems are m>k$ by little mammill> projections or knobs1 t are v *>act]i/ic4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 productive1 be>s e>ly2 ,%oots long1 r$di% br[n1 smoo?2 ,foliage l>ge1 d>k gre54 ,fruit l>ge1 v>iable 9 =m1 r\nd1 (t5 app>5tly oblong1 tap]+ to ! eye1 truncat$1 regul>1 sometimes incl9$1 g5]ally v true1 z ?\gh turn$ 9 a la!2 ,surface smoo?1 (t5 poli%$1 yell[ cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 spla%$ bright r$2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 g5]ally %all[1 9 l>ge develop$ specim5s deep1 abrupt1 always regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n ri*2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & long]4 ,blackburn4 ,f\nd 9 ! m>kets at ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky2 n mu* se5 else:]e4 ,orig9 unkn[n1 probably ,s\!rn4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$2 ,surface dull look+1 dull gre5 & gray1 ) brok5 /ripes ( d>k dull r$2 ,dots l>ge1 gray ab\t ! apex4 ,bas9 n>r[1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity r deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 curv$1 r /\t4 ,core flatt5$1 op51 clasp+2 ,fle% :ite1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ) a peculi> spicy1 wild1 r a/r+5t ta/e1 t dim9i%es ) ! maturity ( ! fruit2 ,quality consid]$ good2 ,use1 family & m>ket2 ,season ,septemb]1 ,novemb]4 ,blackburn is sometimes us$ z a synonym ( ,fall ,que51 a diff]5t fruit4 ,capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baj4--;,,capital4 ,a se$l+ ( ,z4,s4 ,ragan1 ,clayton1 ,indiana4 ,fruit small1 globul>1 truncate at ! ends1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$ on gre5i% yell[2 ,/ripes & ,dots indi/9ct4 ,bas9 wide1 deep2 ,eye m$ium1 op51 elongat$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core r\nd1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,c>t]4--,( ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baa4--;,,c>t]4 ,specim5s f ,luke ,l9coln1 ( ,leom9/]1 ,mass4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 slightly angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$ & spla%$ sc>let2 ,dots r>e1 m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em long4 ,core r l>ge1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump & imp]fect1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,c>y's ,summ]4 ,?is is probably an old v>iety1 b x has n be5 id5tifi$4 ,specim5s f ,c4,c4 ,c>y1 ne> ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[1 mix$1 spla%$1 c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 wavy br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 r\ndi%1 regul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,june to ,septemb]4 ,clu/] ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bab4--;,,clu/] ,,pe>ma94 ,introduc$ by ,r4 ,ragan1 ( ,indiana4 ,fruit full m$ium1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>1 incl9$2 ,surface yell[i% gre51 mix$ & /rip$ light r$2 ,dots l>ge1 num]\s1 gray & yell[2 :ite bloom4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 pyri=m1 ne>ly clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 granul>2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 ,a mo/ acceptable sub/itute = ,rambo1 z an amateur's fruit4 ,coggeswell4 ,orig9 ne> ,norwi*1 ,connecticut4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 productive on alt]nate ye>s4 ,fruit l>ge1 uni=m1 fair1 beautiful1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 /rip$ r$ on yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 small2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 br[n2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,?is fruit has be5 ?\ght to resemble ! ,ohio ,nonp>eil1 b ,i ?9k x is diff]5t4 ,cropsey's ,favorite4 ,orig9at$ ) ,d4,w4 ,cropsey1 ,pla9field1 ,w ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,fruit full m$ium1 globul>1 look+ oblong1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots few4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 russet2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core r\ndi%1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s m$ium1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,daniel4 ,?is delightful autumn dess]t apple is gr[n 9 ,h5ry ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ sc>let on yell[1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,core wide1 regul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 v f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 delici\s2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,dan ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bac4--;,,dan ,,pe>ma94 ,?is v beautiful se$l+ 0 procur$ by ,reub5 ,ragan f ne> ! battle-field ( ,tippecanoe1 ,indiana1 :]e x 0 f\nd 9 a se$l+ or*>d4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>1 fair & h&some2 ,surface yell[1 cov]$ ) bright r$1 mix$1 /rip$ & spla%$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 yell[1 prom95t4 ,bas9 deep1 regul> or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 sometimes br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 r$4 ,core small1 turb9ate1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality almo/ be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 on old] trees too small = pr(it2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,day4 ,,royal ,,pipp94 ,f ,reub5 ,ragan4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$1 spla%$1 mottl$1 c>m9e2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 l>ge4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 clubb$4 ,core wide1 pyri=m1 slightly op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 firm1 break+1 granul>2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*52 ,season1 ,janu>y4 ,n de/9$ to take a v high rank4 ,doctor ,ful*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bad4--;,,doctor ,,ful*]4 ,a ,s\!rn apple ( "s m]it4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,todd ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,tree ?rifty1 an e>ly & abundant be>]2 ,%oots sl5d]2 ,foliage bright gre54 ,receiv$ f ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,elkton1 ,k5tucky4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 m>bl$1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 wavy1 russet$1 crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity sometimes wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core l>ge1 turb9ate1 regul> op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 melt+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good1 ,d[n] says be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,dut* ,mignonne4 ,,re9ette ,,doree--,& ,sev]al ,o!rs 9 ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bae4--;,,dut* ,,mignonne4 ,a f9e l>ge apple f ,holl&4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge or v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 sometimes conical1 truncat$2 ,surface r\gh1 yell[1 cov]$ ) r$1 spla%$ ) bright r$2 ,dots num]\s1 prom95t1 fawn-color$4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye %ort1 wide1 op52 ,segm5ts %ort4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core small1 turb9ate1 regul>1 clasp+2 ,se$s few1 angul> imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+1 co>se-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 kit*51 m>ket1 dry+2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 ,e>ly ,p5nock4 ,,%ak] ,,yell[--,,homony1 ( ! ,s\?8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baf4--;,,e>ly ,,p5nock4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,tree ?rifty1 upright1 e>ly be>]1 productive1 n long-liv$4 ,fruit l>ge1 v>iable 9 =m1 be+ sometimes oval1 & conical1 av]ag+ r\ndi%-conic1 regul>1 h&some1 sometimes incl9$ 9 ! axis2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 p>tially cov]$ ) mix$ & /rip$ sc>let1 spla%$ c>m9e--(t5 ! yell[ prevails2 ,dots num]\s1 d>k4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$ or regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core long1 tap]+ to bo? ends1 p>tially op5 9 "s1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 r co>se2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality poor2 ,use1 m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,fameuse4 ,,sn[--,,*imney--,,pomme ,,de ,,neige4 ,?is is a favorite ,nor!rn fruit ( great beauty4 ,orig9 unc]ta9--:e!r ,canadian or ,fr5*4 ,x is greatly valu$ 9 ! ,nor? & ,nor?we/ z an e>ly w9t] apple4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 ,%oots r$2 ,foliage d>k1 abundant4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface pale wax5 yell[1 almo/ :olly cov]$ deep r$1 made up ( /ripes & spla%es t are n always traceable 9 ! dep? ( color--abs5t :]e a portion ( ! apple has be5 %ad$ by a leaf2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 ri* br[n2 ,fle% sn[y :ite1 v t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 mild1 delicately p]fum$1 n ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 dess]t1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,f>ley ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bag4--;,,f>ley ,,r$4 ,a native ( ,k5tucky1 already some:at ext5d$ nor?w>d4 ,tree heal?y1 mod]ately ?rifty1 v productive1 mak+ x small4 ,fruit small1 r\nd or oblong1 flatt5$ or truncat$ at ! ends1 b>rel %ap$2 ,surface dull r$ /ripes on yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$1 purpli%4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 turb9ate1 op51 clasp+ ! po9t ( ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,ragan f9ds x "o ( 8 be/ m>ket fruits2 ,season1 ,m>* & ,april1 keep+ s\nd & v salable4 ,gl5dale4 ,believ$ to h orig9at$ ne> ,gl5dale1 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 :]e ,i obta9$ x f ,a4,a4 ,mullet4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 spread+1 well =m$ head1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 some:at conical2 ,surface smoo?1 bright yell[1 /rip$ & cl\d$ ) bright r$2 ,dots small1 russet4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long4 ,core op52 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 almo/ sac*>9e1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 ,hagloe4 ,?is =eign v>iety has ! g5]al aspect ( a ,russian apple bo? 9 tree & fruit4 ,excell5t = cook+1 highly e/eem$ by ! m>ket g>d5]s ( ,new ,j]sey1 :]e x is mu* gr[n4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 r\nd head$1 productive2 ,%oots /\t1 blunt2 ,foliage l>ge1 light gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$2 ,surface pale yell[1 di/9ctly /rip$ & spla%$ bright r$ or c>m9e1 cov]$ ) :ite bloom4 ,bas9 small1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,fle% :iti%1 n f9e-gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*5 & m>ket only2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,hannah4 ,,aunt',s1 n ,,aunt ,,hannah ( ,massa*usetts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bah4--;,,hannah4 ,?is l>ge & r h&some fruit is f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b is n l>gely cultivat$4 ,its occurr5ce among ,s\!rn emigrants w\ld lead u to suspect t !y might h br\ght x ) !m4 ,fruit l>ge1 %[y1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>1 sometimes unequal2 ,surface r smoo?1 pale yell[1 mix$1 di/9ctly /rip$ & spla%$ crimson & c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 regul>1 (t5 slightly russet$2 ,eye m$ium b long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 acute1 deep1 br[n or gre52 ,/em %ort to v %ort4 ,core r\nd1 flatt5$ or wide1 regul>1 op52 ,axis v %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% light1 yell[i% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 peculi>1 n agreeable to "s palates2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 kit*51 m>ket1 dry+2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,h]e=d%ire ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bai4--;,,h]e=d%ire ,,pe>ma94 ,?is is suppos$ to be an old ,engli% v>iety :i* has rea*$ c]ta9 portions ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates f ! ,ea/1 ?\gh n[ r>ely se5 !re1 z its place has be5 tak5 by o!r ,pe>ma9s ( ,am]ican orig9 & m vigor1 su* z ! ,long ,isl& ,pe>ma91 describ$ on ano!r page4 ,tree sl5d] & sl[ gr[]1 m$ium size1 v productive4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 slightly conic1 truncat$ %>ply2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$1 spla%es d>k or m>oon on ri* yell[1 :i* only %[s :]e ! fruit has be5 %ad$ by a leaf2 ,dots num]\s1 small1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 abrupt2 ,eye m$ium1 op51 reflex$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul> or wavy1 gre52 ,/em mo/ly %ort1 /\t1 sometimes q ?ick4 ,core wide1 turb9ate1 clos$1 regul>1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 po9t$1 d>k1 "s imp]fect2 ,fle% deep yell[1 firm1 break+1 v f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sub-acid1 aromatic1 v9\s1 spicy1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,especially adapt$ to amateur collections4 ,hewes' ,crab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbj4--;,,hewes' ,,crab4 ,f ,virg9ia4 ,a fam\s cid] apple1 f\nd 9 all ext5sive & good cid] or*>ds4 ,tree ( sl5d] gr[?1 b makes a l>ge1 spread+ top1 imm5sely productive alt]nate ye>s1 long liv$2 ,twigs sl5d]2 ,foliage sp>se4 ,fruit q small1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface mix$1 /rip$1 purpli% r$ on yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 pale or fawn4 ,bas9 %all[2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 regul>2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s l>ge1 po9t$2 ,fle% firm1 yell[i% & gre5i%1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 ! mu/ is v heavy2 ,quality be/ = cid]2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,also useful = cook+1 except on acc\nt ( its small size2 ! ri* & piquant acid makes x a p>ticul>ly desirable +r$i5t 9 m9ce-pies4 ,9 ,k5tucky !re is a v>iety ( ?is apple kn[n z ,beel]'s ,crab1 ) fruit ( simil> *>act]s1 b ! tree is a bett] gr[]4 ,hubb>d/on4 ,,hubb>d/on ,,nonsu*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bba4--;,,hubb>d/on4 ,?is f9e apple orig9at$ 9 ,hubb>d/on1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive1 e>ly be>]1 r\nd-leav$1 bran*+4 ,at "o "t ?is & ! ,baldw9 7 conf\nd$ & mix$ 9 "s ,we/]n collections4 ,fruit l>ge1 fair1 h&some1 r\nd1 some:at ovate1 tap]+ bo? ways f ! middle1 regul>2 ,surface (t5 unev51 yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ r$ & brok5 /ripes1 pres5t+ a ri* br[ni% appe>ance2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray1 prom95t4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$1 or russet$1 or bo?2 ,eye m$ium or small1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 sometimes p>tially op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s few1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 cook+ e>ly1 table :5 p]fectly ripe2 ,season1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]4 ,kr[s]4 ,orig9 ,b]ks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e ,i f\nd x v popul> z a productive w9t] apple = all purposes4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 l>ge1 spread+1 & v productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface r smoo?1 pale yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) r$1 & spla%$ c>m9e4 ,bas9 small1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*1 agreeable2 ,use1 a good m>ket fruit2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,l>ge ,/rip$ ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbb4--,,l>ge ,,/rip$ ,,pe>ma94 ,?is *oice ,we/]n apple is suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,k5tucky--possibly fur!r ,s\?4 ,x is n[ to be f\nd 9 ,ea/]n ,ohio1 ,s\!rn ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 & 9 ,miss\ri4 ,mu* gr[n 9 ,k5tucky4 ,9 all places x seems to be do+ well1 & giv+ entire satisfaction1 except+ t ! b>k bur/s ne> ! gr\nd ev5 9 be>+ trees1 root-graft$4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 spread+1 productive2 ,%oots r sl5d]1 d>k2 ,foliage d>k gre51 abundant on "y trees4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 regul>1 fair1 h&some1 ?\gh n s beautifully color$ z "s o!rs2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$1 spla%$ & /rip$1 pale purpli% r$ on yell[1 :i* %[s ?r\gh ! %ad+2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$1 gray1 s t ! fruit has a g5]al gray appe>ance4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 sometimes crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 r deep1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 m$ium1 or r long4 ,core r\ndi%1 m$ium1 regul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 angul>1 "s imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 some:at co>se-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality q good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,9 ! ,we/ x is m flatt5$ ?an 9 ,ohio1 becom+ 9 l>ge specim5s almo/ a flat or oblate apple4 ,highly recomm5d$ = comm]cial or*>ds1 :e!r = %ipp+ ,nor? or ,s\?--p>ticul>ly ! latt]4 ,lewis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbc4--,,lewis4 ,?is delici\s apple orig9at$ 9 ,decatur ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 ne> ,gre5sburgh1 & 0 introduc$ to my notice by "o ( ! e>ly pomologi/s ( ! region1 a nurs]yman by ! "n ( ,lewis1 f :om ,i obta9$ my trees aft] he _h introduc$ me to ! orig9al1 :i* ,i f\nd to be vigor\s1 heal?y1 upright1 spread+ & productive4 ,! fruit 0 describ$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review = #aheb1 be=e ,i 0 aw>e t my fri5d ,reub5 ,ragan _h an apple ( ! same "n2 nev]!less1 ?is1 by priority ( publication1 w /&1 unless !re %\ld prove to be ano!r ,lewis t c claim s5iority ( publication4 ,i di/+ui% ! o!r apple by call+ x ,lewis ( ,ragan2 x is 9 ano!r class4--,see ,d[n+1 p4 #afd4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at ovate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$ & m>bl$ sc>let2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray & yell[4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 deep1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 oval1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 v t5d]1 crisp1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*1 delici\s2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,m>k$ 9 my notes ,"o ( ! v be/ ( ! new apples4 ,lib]ty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbd4--,,lib]ty4 ,?is valuable m>ket v>iety orig9at$ ne> ,columbus1 ,ohio1 :]e x 0 br\ght into notice by ,m4,b4 ,bateham1 ! excell5t ,secret>y ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 & f\nd] ( ! ,columbus ,nurs]ies4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 l>ge1 spread+ & productive2 believ$ to be entirely h>dy4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 incl9+ to oblong 9 appe>ance1 turb9at$ or flatt5$ at ! ends1 regul>2 ,surface n smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ ) dull r$ & sc>let1 mix$ & spla%$1 /ripes indi/9ct2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 prom95t4 ,bas9 m$ium1 q %all[1 regul>1 indi/9ctly lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium1 incl9$4 ,core small1 oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 r co>se1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket & kit*5 or table2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,m>*1 or lat]4 ,lyscom4 ,orig9 ,massa*usetts4 ,?is pleasant dess]t apple is n g5]ally kn[n4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%1 /rip$ & spla%$ ) r$4 ,bas9 l>ge1 plait$2 ,eye l>ge4 ,cavity deep1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% :iti%1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb] to ,novemb]4 ,m>gil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbe4--,,m>gil4 ,a fam\s old ,engli% dess]t apple1 r>ely se5 9 ?is c\ntry1 b mu* bett] adapt$ = ! clos+ ( a fea/ ?an _m :i* are m pret5ti\s 9 /yle & impos+ 9 size4 ,c]ta9ly mu* m economical to him :o provides ev5 at a high] price p] bu%el ?an ^? :i* are too l>ge to be eat51 & are only cut to be left on ! table & wa/$4 ,tree ( sl5d] gr[?1 b v productive4 ,fruit q small1 r\nd1 some:at conic1 abruptly truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 r$1 mix$ & /rip$2 ,dots yell[1 prom95t4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 op52 ,calyx reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 n deep1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long4 ,core turb9ate1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 long2 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,mea*4 ,f ,v]mont2 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 conic2 ,sk9 gre5i%-yell[1 /rip$ & mottl$ ) light r$1 & spr9kl$ ) br[n dots2 ,/alk long1 r sl5d]1 set 9 a pretty l>ge cavity2 ,calyx clos$ 9 a corrugat$ bas92 ,fle% yell[i%1 r f9e1 juicy1 ri*1 mild1 sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,octob] & ,novemb]4--,d[n+4 ,mc,kinley4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbf4--,m',,k9ley4 ,highly e/eem$ by ,reub5 ,ragan1 ( ,indiana1 :o f9ds x pr(itable4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface1 smoo?1 dull r$ on gre5i%-yell[1 /ripes indi/9ct2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 regul>1 %all[2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em sl5d]1 m$ium to %ort4 ,core m$ium1 ovate1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% break+1 v f9e-gra9$1 v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 good2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,mexico4 ,orig9 ,cant]bury1 ,connecticut4 ,tree h>dy1 productive4 ,n mu* kn[n 9 ! ,we/4 ,fruit--obta9$ f ,e4 ,newburg1 ,brooklyn1 ,connecticut--m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface bright crimson-r$1 /rip$ d>k]2 ,dots num]\s1 yell[-gre54 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em long or m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,monk's ,favorite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbg4--,,monk',s ,,favorite4 ,?is l>ge1 %[y apple orig9at$ 9 ,delaw>e ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 & 0 introduc$ to ! public by ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,helme1 ( ! ,/ate ,horticultural ,society4 ,x 0 describ$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review1 "s ye>s ago1 z a promis+ fruit1 & 0 favorably notic$ at ! "t ( its introduction1 b has n yet be5 suffici5tly kn[n = g5]al recomm5dation4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 pretty well cov]$ ) /ripes & spla%es ( bright r$2 ,dots m$ium1 ragg$1 gray1 scatt]+4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity wide1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium to long1 /\t4 ,core wide1 he>t-%ap$1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s po9t$2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*51 table1 & promis+ = m>ket2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,nev]s9k4 ,n hav+ _h an opportunity ( exam9+ ?is fruit1 ,i quote ! ad int]im report ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,horticultural ,society3 ,orig9 ,b]ks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 ext]ior ( an exce$+ly beautiful wax5 orange-yell[ color1 ) a few russet dots1 & a delicately /rip$ & ri*ly mottl$ c>m9e *eek2 ,/em v %ort & r /\t1 cavity n>r[1 acum9ate1 %all[2 ,calyx l>ge1 bas9 deep1 r wide1 furr[$2 ,fle% yell[i%1 some:at t\gh1 ow+ to ! fact ( its be+ %rivel$2 ,flavor approa*es to t ( a p9eapple2 ,quality v good2 ,decemb] to ,april4 ,new>k ,k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbh4--,,new>k ,,k+4 ,an old apple1 suppos$ to h come f ,new ,j]sey2 f\nd 9 ! olde/ or*>ds ( graft$ fruits 9 ,s\?we/]n ,ohio1 seldom else:]e 9 ! ,we/ t ,i h se54 ,tree ?rifty1 upright1 spread+1 productive2 ,foliage d>k4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ or truncat$ conic1 mo/ly regul>1 sometimes ribb$2 ,surface n v smoo?1 ri* yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) dull r$ mix$1 & d>k] /ripes1 giv+ ! fruit almo/ a mahogany color2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 elongat$ at ! extremities1 & coalesc+ into russet ab\t ! blossom end4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$ or plait$1 cov]$ ) f9e russet2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 (t5 lipp$2 ,/em r long1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 oval1 clos$1 n clasp+ b meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% ri* yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*1 sprightly1 high-flavor$2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 kit*51 table & cid]2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 or long]4 ,patton4 ,,c>t] ( ,alabama--,,mangum--,,alabama ,,pe>ma9 ( ,pet]s4 ,?is is a great favorite 9 ! ,s\?1 & des]v$ly s1 on acc\nt ( its good qualities4 ,specim5s f ,dr4 ,jas4 ,s4 ,blair1 ,lime/one ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,alabama1 af=d me data = ! foll[+ description4 ,i h pref]r$ ! "n ,patton because ( ! o!r ,c>t]s3 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 some:at flatt5$2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$1 m>bl$ & spla%$ c>m9e on yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 di/9ct1 yell[4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute2 ,/em long to m$ium1 incl9$1 r$4 ,core small1 regul>1 clos$1 half clasp+2 ,se$s plump & imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,pomme ,wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbi4--,,pomme ,,wat]4 ,an apple by ?is "n is f\nd 9 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois2 little is kn[n ( its orig9 or hi/ory4 ,fruit full m$ium1 globul> truncate1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface mix$1 spla%$ sc>let on yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 num]\s1 br[n4 ,bas9 wavy1 m$ium2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick1 gre54 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 clos$1 sc>cely meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,specim5s obta9$ f ,h5ry ,kimball1 ( ,rock=d1 ,w9nebago ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,ragan's ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcj4--,,ragan',s ,,r$4 ,orig9 ,putnam ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 by ,r4 ,ragan4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 bright r$1 spla%$ d>k]2 ,dots num]\s1 small4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em long4 ,core small1 pyri=m1 regul>1 ne>ly clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & m>ket2 ,season1 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,rib/on ,pipp94 ,?is fam\s ,engli% apple does n seem to h _m admir]s among our or*>di/s1 b on "s acc\nts x m]its a place 9 ! amateur's collection4 ,tree productive1 e>ly be>]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface r\gh1 spla%$ & mix$ dull r$ on yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 prom95t1 russet4 ,bas9 abrupt1 plait$ or regul>1 russet$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wide1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,use1 kit*5--sc>cely = table2 ,season1 ,octob] & lat]1 b apt to wilt4 ,sigl]'s ,r$4 ,?is v h&some apple1 f ne> ,mc,connellsville1 ,morgan ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 0 %[n be=e ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 at diff]5t times1 by ,jos4 ,sigl]1 = :om x 0 nam$1 because x 0 n id5tifi$ z any kn[n v>iety4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>1 slightly flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ & spla%$ bright r$2 ,dots m9ute1 r>e4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy2 ,/em %ort to m$ium1 knobby4 ,core wide1 indi/9ct1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality almo/ be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,a beautiful dess]t fruit4 ,elliott gives x z synonym to ,autumn ,pe>ma94 ,small ,black4 ,,black ,,apple ( ,coxe & ,d[n+--,,am]ican ,,black4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bca4--,,small ,,black4 ,?is useful little apple is f\nd 9 _m collections :]e ! ,j]sey ,black is cultivat$1 b x seems to be q di/9ct4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 globul>1 sometimes ne>ly oblate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$1 sometimes purpli%1 /rip+ indi/9ct2 ,dots num]\s1 ind5t$1 m9ute1 p9k or purple4 ,bas9 %all[1 abrupt1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye small to m$ium1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 sometimes lipp$1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$1 r$ or gre54 ,core regul>1 r\nd1 slightly op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump & angul>2 ,fle% yell[i%1 (t5 p9k1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,smi?'s4 ,,smi?',s ,,cid]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcb4--,,smi?',s4 ,orig9 ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e x /ill cont9ues a favorite v>iety4 ,its cultivation has ext5d$ widely to ! we/w>d1 giv+ great satisfaction z a m>ket fruit1 = cul9>y purposes1 b _c be recomm5d$ = table4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 an e>ly be>]2 ,limbs /raggl+1 %oots r sl5d]1 light olive2 ,foliage l>ge1 light gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 v>y+ f flatt5$ to elongat$1 mo/ly regul>1 sometimes lop-sid$2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 cov]$ ) mix$ light r$1 spla%$ indi/9ctly ) bright c>m9e1 beautiful2 ,dots di/9ct1 r l>ge1 light gray4 ,bas9 %all[1 wide1 or m (t5 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 v>iable4 ,core wide1 pyri=m1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 po9t$2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 sub-acid1 aromatic1 n ri*1 peculi>1 n agreeable2 ,quality good = cook+ only1 mak+ v f9e apple sauce--makes mu* cid]1 b ?9 & wat]y2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & lat]4 ,?is is ess5tially a m>ket fruit1 & is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable apples plant$ 9 ,s\?we/]n ,ohio & adjac5t c\nties ( ,indiana4 ,sops ( ,w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcc4--,,sops ,,( ,,w9e4 ,european4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ r$1 %ad$ d>k r$ ?r\gh\t2 ,dots small1 scatt]$1 yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 wavy1 some:at br[n$2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core di/9ctly m>k$ ) a r$ l9e1 wide1 oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,summ] ,janet4 ,specim5s receiv$ f ,mr4 ,johnson1 ,l\isville1 ,ky4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 mix$ r$1 /rip$ d>k] r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity %all[1 regul>1 yell[2 ,/em m$ium to long1 gre54 ,core pyri=m1 indi/9ct1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s po9t$1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,summ] ,rose4 ,orig9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 spread+1 productive1 e>ly be>]2 ,%oots /\t2 ,foliage l>ge1 glauc\s4 ,fruit small1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo? poli%$1 v pale yell[1 /rip$ & spla%$ di/9ctly bright r$ & c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 crisp1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 agreeable1 n ri*2 ,quality1 "o ( ! be/ e>ly apples2 ,use1 family1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,june to ,augu/--rip5+ gradually4 ,sutton ,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcd4--,,sutton ,,beauty4 ,an old ,massa*usetts apple1 occasionally f\nd 9 ! ,we/1 :]e x atta9s increas$ size & beauty4 ,my specim5s 7 f ,w4 ,hampton1 ) _m o!r sorts ( int]e/ gr[n by him 9 ,nor?we/]n ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 globul>1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mottl$ & spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 br[n1 ve9-reflex$4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 russety2 ,eye l>ge1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity wide1 acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium to l>ge1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,?\ght by ,mr4 ,hampton to be a se$l+ br\ght f ,s\!rn ,ohio4 ,sylve/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bce4--,,sylve/]4 ,introduc$ by ,dr4 ,w>e ,sylve/]1 ( ,lyons1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 :ite1 blu%$ & /rip$ bright c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 v %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core indi/9ct1 slightly op52 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>1 long2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table & cook+2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,williams' ,favorite4 ,,williams' ,,e>ly4 ,orig9 ,roxbury1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 d>k purpli% r$1 indi/9ctly /rip$2 ,dots none4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 %all[2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 r\nd1 clos$2 ,se$s po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% :iti%-yell[1 /reak$ r$1 break+1 n juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 peculi>2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,will[4 ,,will[ ,,twig--,,james ,,riv]1 ,,etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcf4--,,will[4 ,?is ,virg9ia fruit has obta9$ a wide spread notoriety z a valuable m>ket apple ?r\gh\t ! ,we/4 ,tree v vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive1 bran*+1 twiggy1 ?orny :ile "y2 ,%oots sl5d]1 olive br[n4 ,fruit globul>1 truncat$1 look+ oblong f its cyl9drical sides2 ,surface smoo?1 dull gre5i%-yell[1 m>bl$ & /rip$ dull r$2 ,dots m9ute1 gray4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide or acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+1 n clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality only good1 b valuable = m>ket & cul9>y uses2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,april4 ,excell5t = %ipp+ ,s\?4 ,wilson's ,volunte]4 ,orig9 believ$ to be a se$l+ or ,volunte] on ! banks ( ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,receiv$ f ,george ,sibbald4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 truncat$ or flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface yell[1 mo/ly cov]$ ) mix$ r$1 /rip$ d>k]2 ,dots l>ge1 gray & yell[4 ,bas9 deep1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$2 ,fle% gre5i%-yell[1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,wright's ,janet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcg4--,,wright',s ,,janet4 ,?is f9e keep+ apple1 receiv$ f ,n4,j4 ,colman & o!r zeal\s pomologi/s ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 is suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 t region ) ,mr4 ,w4,g4 ,wright4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 sometimes flat1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 wax5 yell[1 mix$1 /rip$ & spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t1 scatt]+4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye small1 acute1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 %ort1 or v %ort4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 some:at op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump2 ,fle% deep yell[1 break+1 v f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 v agreeable2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,june & keeps until ,augu/4 ,yadk94 ,s\!rn4 ,receiv$ f ,s4,w4 ,we/brooke1 ( ,gre5sboro'1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface r$1 /rip$ d>k r$2 ,dots l>ge1 scatt]$1 di/9ct1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 deep1 regul>2 ,eye small1 op54 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 br[n4 ,core small1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 dry2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality only good2 ,season1 ,augu/--& on t acc\nt sc>cely wor? c>ry+ to ! ,nor?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,beel]'s ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bch4--;,,beel]',s ,,russet4 ,orig9 n kn[n4 ,f\nd 9 an old or*>d on ! banks ( ,:ite ,riv]1 9 ,m>ion ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 by my lam5t$ "y fri5d1 ,geo4 ,m4 ,beel]4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\nd1 truncat$ or cyl9drical1 incl9$2 ,surface russet$2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t4 ,bas9 abrupt1 unev51 gre52 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>2 ,/em long4 ,core l>ge1 wide1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid to acid1 aromatic1 spicy1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]4 ,a *oice dess]t apple4 ,columbian ,russet4 ,! orig9 ( ?is f9e1 long-keep+ russet is n kn[n4 ,specim5s 7 receiv$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,if ! tree be heal?y & productive1 ?is v>iety w be a valuable addition to our or*>ds4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\nd1 truncat$1 lop-sid$2 ,surface smoo?1 russet$2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$1 prom95t4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em1 long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 clos$1 pyri=m1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 sl5d]1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% v yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,febru>y to ,april4 ,v l ! ,gold5 ,pe>ma91 f ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 :i* see2 !y may prove to be ! same v>iety4 ,c\rt ( ,wyck4 ,?is spicy ,engli% apple1 :i* has s _m synonyms z evid5ces ( its popul>ity1 has n be5 a favorite 9 ?is c\ntry1 b occasionally succe$s well2 x has little to recomm5d x 9 its looks4 ,fruit v small1 r\nd1 truncat$ abruptly1 mu* flatt5$1 regul>2 ,surface yell[1 cov]$ russet4 ,bas9 wide1 v %all[2 ,eye small1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity r wide2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core small1 ovate1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 br[n2 ,fle% ri* yell[1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 spicy1 %>p2 ,quality good 9 its way2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,cr[ne/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bci4--;,,cr[ne/4 ,orig9at$ at ,kelley's ,isl&1 ,ohio1 9 ! or*>d ( ,*as4 ,c>p5t]4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 bru%y1 productive4 ,fruit full m$ium1 r\nd1 truncat$ or flatt5$1 (t5 unequal & incl9$2 ,surface gre5i% yell[1 ?9ly cov]$ ) russet4 ,bas9 regul>1 wide2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity irregul>1 lipp$2 ,/em %ort1 curv$1 fle%y4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s long1 po9t$1 angul>2 ,fle% gre51 t5d]1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality only good = cul9>y uses2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,engli% ,gold54 ,,russet ,,gold51 ( ,b>ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdj4--;,,engli% ,,gold54 ,among ! russets !re has be5 mu* confusion1 :i* x is v difficult to cle> up4 ,! apple ab\t to be describ$ came to ! ,we/ f ! nurs]ies ab\t ,ro*e/]2 a v sup]ior v>iety to _m o!rs t resemble x1 & may be di/+ui%$ by ! palate1 or by ! "* ( ! twigs4 ,tree ?rifty1 vigor\s1 spread+1 productive1 a r e>ly be>]2 ,%oots sl5d]1 olive1 speckl$4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 l>ge ones are oblate1 (t5 cyl9drical1 sometimes incl9$1 regul>2 ,surface gre5i% yell[1 cov]$ ) ?ick russet2 ,dots m9ute1 :ite1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 regul>1 deep1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 r\gh2 ,/em %ort4 ,core wide1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s small1 flat2 ,fle% gre5i% yell[1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y4 ,a *oice dess]t fruit4 ,succe$s well 9 p>ts ( ,k5tucky4 ,engli% ,russet4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,procur$ f ,mr4 ,c4,c4 ,c>y1 ne> ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 flatt5$1 some:at "o-sid$2 ,surface unev51 gre52 ,dots m9ute1 russety & russet /reaks4 ,bas9 m$ium1 unev52 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 russet$2 ,/em m$ium1 gre54 ,core m$ium1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump & angul>1 "s imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,gold5 ,pe>ma94--,( ,k5tucky4 ,?is is ano!r v promis+ ,s\!rn v>iety1 receiv$ f ,j4,s4 ,d[n]1 ( ,k5tucky2 ,orig9 unkn[n2 he procur$ x f ,t5nessee4 ,tree vigor\s1 b t>dy & %y 9 be>+2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k2 ,foliage m$ium4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 globul>1 r conical1 truncat$1 lop-sid$2 ,surface yell[1 blu%$ & russet$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]4 ,core some:at op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s plump & imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic1 sprightly2 ,quality v good1 almo/ be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,febru>y4--,see ,columbian ,russet4 ,gre5 ,russet4--,n4,c4 ,specim5s f ,reub5 ,ragan4 ,fruit q l>ge1 globul>1 slightly oblate1 regul>2 ,surface yell[1 blu%$ dull r$2 ,dots gre51 ind5t$1 russet ve9$4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 ?ick4 ,core regul>1 wide1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+1 granul>2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality only good1 = cul9>y use2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,hampton's ,russet4 ,fruit small1 globul>-truncate1 to flat2 ,surface yell[ russet1 bronz$1 brok5 russet /ripes2 ,dots scatt]$1 l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op51 gre54 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 break+1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,knox ,russet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bda4--,,knox ,,russet4 ,a v nice little apple1 f\nd 9 ! or*>d ( ,j4 ,knox1 ,pittsburgh1 ,p5nsylvania2 trees obta9$ f ne> ,gre5sburgh1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree spread+1 v productive2 ,%oots sl5d]4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 globul>1 some:at conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[ gre51 blu%$1 cov]$ ) light russet4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 r$4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 slightly op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 v f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,pryor's ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdb4--,,pryor',s ,,r$4 ,?is s\!rn apple1 probably f ,virg9ia1 has be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh all ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 :]e x is a great favorite1 ?\gh !re are "s objectors1 on acc\nt ( its hav+ %[n signs ( failure 9 c]ta9 situations4 ,! fruit is s+ul>ly affect$ by *ange ( soil & climate2 ?us1 on ! ,ohio ,riv]1 x is se5 q flat & regul>1 ) a dull gre5 russet$ sk91 becom+ yell[ & ruddy2 9 "o "p ( ! ,/ate ( ,indiana1 on lime/one1 x is gibb\s1 r\nd1 (t5 v l>ge1 & cov]$ ) a ri* c9namon russet1 :ile on ! coal measures1 we/ ( ! c5t] ( ! ,/ate1 x is small]1 regul>1 & di/9ctly /rip$ deep r$ on r$1 ) v little russet4 ,specim5s f ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 h be5 %[n ) sc>cely a trace ( russet1 & hav+ ! /ripes z di/9ct & almo/ z beautiful z ^? ( a ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh1 s t no s\!rn or we/]n man w\ld h recogniz$ x = 8 home favorite4 ,! di/9ctive lea!r-crack+ ab\t ! eye 0 pres5t1 h[ev]1 9 all4 ,tree ?rifty1 gr[? upright1 twiggy1 atta9+ l>ge size1 productive :5 old2 ,%oots sl5d]1 r$di% olive1 speckl$2 ,foliage scatt]+1 fold$1 grayi% gre52 ,subject to leaf-blight4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>-oblate1 (t5 unequal2 ,surface gre5i%1 or dull r$1 /rip$1 russet$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul> or plait$1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity %all[1 acute1 (t5 lipp$2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core r\nd1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 melt+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,febru>y4 ,r$ ,russet4 ,orig9 ,hampton ,falls1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,tree v vigor\s & productive2 resembl+ ,baldw9 9 almo/ e p>ticul>4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 conic2 ,sk9 yell[1 %ad$ ) dull r$ & deep c>m9e 9 ! sun1 & ?ickly cov]$ ) gray dots1 & an appe>ance ( r\gh russet on mo/ ( ! surface2 ,/alk r %ort & ?ick1 ins]t$ 9 a m$ium cavity1 surr\nd$ ) ?9 russet2 ,calyx ne>ly clos$2 ,segm5ts long1 recurv$1 9 a n>r[1 unev5 bas92 ,fle% yell[1 solid1 crisp1 t5d]1 ) an excell5t1 ri*1 sub-acid flavor1 some:at resembl+ ,baldw92 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,april4--,d[n+4 ,?is fruit is r>ely se5 9 ! ,we/4 ,x has be5 ?\ght by "s to h orig9at$ z a sport f ! ,baldw94 ,rol5's ,keep]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdc4--,,rol5',s ,,keep]4 ,receiv$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,orig9 n giv54 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 regul>2 ,surface r\gh1 spla%$ r$ on russet2 ,dots scatt]$1 small1 :ite4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core r\ndi%-ovate1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s v num]\s1 %ort1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i% yell[1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,m>*1 ,april4 ,v promis+ z a keep]4 ,ru/ycoat ,milam4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdd4--,,ru/ycoat ,,milam4 ,fruit m$ium1 globul>1 conic1 regul>2 ,surface russet$2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t4 ,bas9 n>r[1 abrupt1 %all[2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$ ,,or ,,blu%$4 ,mote's ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bde4--,,mote',s ,,sweet4 ,?is se$l+ f ! ,/illwat] ,sweet1 gr[n by ,l4,s4 ,mote1 ( ,miami ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 is q an improvem5t ^u its p>5t1 :i* has obta9$ a high reputation z a *oice autumnal sweet apple4 ,tree r\nd1 spread+1 vigor\s2 ,%oots pale2 ,foliage l>ge1 wide1 f9ely s]rat$1 & r pale4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 some:at flatt5$1 or conic-truncat$1 r angul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 gre5i% yell[ to :iti%1 ) a r>e fa9t blu%2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray1 (t5 rosy1 :iti% bases4 ,bas9 m$ium1 abrupt1 wavy2 ,eye m$ium1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wide1 wavy2 ,/em long1 yell[1 curv$4 ,core m$ium1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 pale2 ,fle% yell[1 v f9e-gra9$1 almo/ melt+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 pleasant2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,quality be/2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ delici\s sweet apples4 ,nor!rn ,sweet4 ,orig9 unkn[n2 suppos$ to be ,v]mont4 ,tree suffici5tly heal?y & productive4 ,n g5]ally nor ext5sively cultivat$4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 some:at flatt5$1 angul> or regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 v pale yell[1 r>ely blu%$2 ,dots m9ute1 ) :ite bases4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity r wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core v small1 clos$1 almo/ clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort2 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality pretty good2 ,use1 bak+2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 9 ,nor!rn ,indiana & ,ill9ois4 ,d[n+ says ri* & excell5t2 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,swa>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdf4--,,swa>4 ,orig9 on ! banks ( ! ,hudson1 9 ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k color$2 ,foliage l>ge1 curl$4 ,fruit l>ge1 =m v>iable1 be+ sometimes flat1 :]e unusually develop$1 g5]ally r\ndi%1 some:at flatt5$1 m or less angul> or flatt5$ on ! sides1 b n ribb$2 ,surface n smoo?1 (t5 r\gh1 gre5i% yell[1 bronz$1 becom+ a dead gold5 yell[ :5 ripe2 ,dots l>ge1 num]\s4 ,bas9 m$ium1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye small1 n long1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul> or wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 curv$1 pretty /\t4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 pale2 ,fle% v heavy1 yell[1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor v mild sub-acid1 or sweet1 v ri*2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,m>*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,bailey ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdg4--;,,bailey ,,sweet4 ,f ,wyom+ ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 sometimes flatt5$1 sometimes angul> or ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 mottl$1 mix$ & /rip$ deep r$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 gray4 ,bas9 n>r[1 abrupt1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity regul>1 acute gre52 ,/em long4 ,core r l>ge1 turb9ate1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,octob]4 ,a v valuable v>iety also = /ock4 ,brittle ,sweet4 ,orig9 unkn[n2 good gr[]1 & v productive4 ,fruit above m$ium1 r\ndi%1 approa*+ conic1 sometimes elongat$1 angul>2 ,sk9 gre5i% yell[1 %ad$ & spla%$ ) crimson1 spr9kl$ ) gray dots2 ,/em %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 ,calyx clos$1 set 9 a small corrugat$ bas92 ,fle% yell[i%1 crisp1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 & excell5t2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4--,d[n+4 ,hull ,blossom4 ,?is is an ,ea/]n or ,european v>iety1 :i* ,i h n se5 9 ! ,we/4 ,specim5s f ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit small1 r\ndi%-truncate1 or flatt5$1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 mix$ & /rip$1 c>m9e2 ,dots l>ge1 yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 clos$1 r\ndi%1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge1 pale2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb]4 ,sweet ,pe>ma94 ,?is v>iety1 accord+ to ,d[n+ & ,?omas1 is ! ,engli% ,sweet+2 b1 accord+ to ,mann+1 ! ,engli% ,sweet+ is ! ,ramsdell's ,sweet+ ( ,d[n+4 ,?is fruit is ext5sively gr[n 9 ,c5tral ,ohio1 & fur!r ,we/1 suit+ well ! ri* soils2 keep+ f9ely all w9t]2 highly valu$ = bak+ or eat+4 ,fruit m$ium size or (t5 above2 ,=m r\ndi%1 slightly angul>2 ,color dull r$1 r\gh russet dots1 & bluei% bloom2 ,/em long1 sl5d]2 ,cavity deep1 wide1 op52 ,calyx woolly2 ,bas9 m$ium2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 mod]ately juicy1 sweet2 ,core m$ium1 ) out] or conc5tric l9es2 ,se$s ovate1 pyri=m1 d>k br[n2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>*4--,elliott4 ,i am n famili> ) ! above1 b f9d a v /rong resemblance 9 ! *>act]s to ^? ( my ,r$ ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 ,class ,,ii1 ,i1 #b1 #b1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 ,elliott's outl9e w\ld exclude x4 ,willis ,sweet4 ,?is apple is suppos$ to h orig9at$ on ,long ,isl&1 :]e x is highly valu$ = bak+4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 some:at angul>1 /rip$ r$1 v sweet & ri*2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,pipp94 ,,gold5 ,,pipp91 ( ,d[n+4--,,new ,,york ,,gre5+1 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdh4--;,,am]ican ,,gold5 ,,pipp94 ,hav+ mislaid my notes ( ?is apple1 ,i am oblig$ to quote ,mr4 ,d[n+'s description ( ?is f9e fruit1 :i* is believ$ to be ,am]ican2 cultivat$ 9 p>ts ( ,new ,york1 & f\nd to be pr(itable4 ,gr[? /rong1 simil> to t ( ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 b less droop+1 mak+ a r\nd1 spread+ head2 does n be> "y1 b v productive :5 a little advanc$1 & a popul> fruit :]e kn[n4 ,=m v>iable1 oblate1 globul> or conic1 angul> or ribb$2 ,/em /\t1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 ,calyx clos$1 set 9 an irregul> bas92 ,sk9 f9e gold5 yell[1 ?9ly spr9kl$ ) dots1 sometimes slightly nett$ ) ?9 russet2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 ne>ly melt+1 ) a ri*1 refre%+1 almo/ v9\s1 aromatic flavor2 ,core r l>ge2 ,novemb] to ,febru>y4 ,brooke's ,pipp94 ,orig91 ,essex ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,! orig9al tree is v l>ge1 be>s regul> & l>ge crops ( fruit1 :i* is always fair1 ( ! l>ge/ size1 keeps well till ,may2 ,fle% f9e1 yell[1 juicy & ri*1 & ( ! f9e/ flavor2 "y trees gr[ v ?riftily4--,h4,r4 ,robey1 ,fr$]icksburgh1 ,va4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 incl9+ to conical1 obscurely ribb$1 gre5i% yell[1 fa9tly blu%$4 ,bas9 small1 %all[1 wavy1 sometimes furr[$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick4 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor acid1 spicy1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,m>*4 ,z gr[n 9 ,indiana1 bo? tree & fruit resemble ! ,newt[n ,pipp9 9 appe>ance1 & may prove id5tical aft] fur!r trial4 ,*ampla94--,d[n+4 ,,pap]--,,pap]-,,sk94 ,?is v delicate fruit 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society by ,a4,l4 ,b5$ict1 ( ,morr[ ,c\nty1 z ! ,pap] apple4 ,he obta9$ ! scions f ! celebrat$ apple region1 ,gr& ,isle1 ,v]mont1 :]e x is sometimes call$ ,*ampla91 & :]e x _h be5 introduc$ f ,rhode ,isl&1 )\t a "n1 by 8 fri5d ,macomb]4 ,my fri5d ,b5$ict in=ms me t ! gr[? ( ! tree is /rong & /ocky1 & t ! fruit nev] scabs nor rots on ! tree4 ,x is increas+ 9 e/eem z x becomes bett] kn[n1 & is pref]r$ to ! ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 rip5+ ) x4 ,:5 s5t to ,j4,j4 ,?omas1 he ?\ght x synonym\s ) ! ,primate1 b ,jos4 ,newcomb]1 hav+ bo? v>ieties gr[+ side by side1 assur$ me !y 7 q unlike1 & t ! ,pap] 0 mu* ! bett] apple ( ! two4 ,tree m$ium size1 vigor\s1 /ocky4 ,fruit full m$ium1 globul>1 r conical1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i% gre51 slightly blu%$2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 small1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 long1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 slightly op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 delicate2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t especially2 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,drap d',or4 ,,vrai ,,drap ,d',,or4--,dahamel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdi4--;,,drap ,d',,or4 ,?is is an old ,fr5* v>iety1 respect+ :i* !re is "s unc]ta9ty among cultivators4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 b v>iable1 be+ conical-truncate to oblate2 ,surface smoo?1 pale wax5 yell[1 r>ely blu%$4 ,bas9 wide1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em long1 incl9$1 yell[ or r$1 angul>4 ,core l>ge1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 long2 ,fle% pale yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good to be/2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]4 ,= ! table its place is supplant$ by ! ,primate1 ,dy] & o!rs4 ,dy]1 or ,pomme ,royale4 ,,pommewat]1 9 ,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bej4--;,,dy]1 ,,or ,,pomme ,,royale4 ,believ$ to be a ,fr5* apple1 b nam$ ,dy] by ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society1 9 ! belief t x 0 a se$l+ ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,tree ( mod]ate vigor1 spread+1 n v productive4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 unev51 some:at angul>2 ,surface n smoo?1 pale yell[1 ve9-russet$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 d>k4 ,bas9 m$ium1 %all[1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 lipp$1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 r\nd1 op5 or clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 %ort2 ,fle% yell[i%1 v t5d]1 v f9e-gra9$1 v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 delicate2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]4 ,n attractive 9 appe>ance1 b v f9e = ! amateur4 ,ewalt4 ,orig9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,introduc$ by ,dr4 ,br9ckle 9 8 ad-int]im reports to ! ,p5nsylvania ,horticultural ,society4 ,mr4 ,w>+ consid]s x a valuable w9t] apple4 ,tree vigor\s1 h&some gr[] 9 ! nurs]y2 ,%oots erect1 d>k color$2 an e>ly1 regul> be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 v h&some1 r\ndi%1 r angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ) cle> bright r$ 9 ! sun1 n /rip$2 ,dots num]\s ab\t ! base1 gre5i%4 ,bas9 m$ium1 n>r[1 plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 acute2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% t5d]1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor acid1 becom+ mild1 aromatic1 sprightly2 ,quality v good2 ,season1 ,febru>y to ,april4 ,gold5 ,ball4 ,a favorite ,ma9e apple4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[2 ,dots few1 di/9ct1 :ite bases4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity n>r[2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core indi/9ct1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s defective2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,m>* 9 ! ,nor?4 ,morgan ,:ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bea4--,,morgan ,,:ite4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,s5t f ,morgan ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 by ,pr(essor ,j4,b4 ,turn]1 ( ,jacksonville4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 some:at flatt5$1 irregul>1 ribb$1 unev52 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%1 m>k$ ) gray /ri1 r>ely a fa9t blu%2 ,dots :ite1 l>ge4 ,bas9 abrupt1 ribb$2 ,eye small b long1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,core small1 v wide1 op51 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 %ort2 ,fle% gre5i% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*5 & table2 ,season1 ,septemb] to ,janu>y4 ,peck's ,pleasant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beb4--,,peck',s ,,pleasant4 ,?is f9e fruit is cr$it$ to ,rhode ,isl&4 ,! tree is heal?y1 spread+1 mod]ately vigor\s1 b productive1 & a regul> be>]4 ,?is apple is said to resemble ! ,newt[n ,pipp91 b ,i h nev] be5 able to trace any resemblance1 except t bo? are gre52 at any rate !re is no dang] ( ! m]e/ tyro 9 pomology conf\nd+ ! two v>ieties4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a rem>kable div]sity 9 ! fruit aris+ f ! diff]5t soils & climates 9 :i* x is cultivat$1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 & :ile1 l _m o!r v>ieties1 its size is greatly develop$1 its texture & flavor are depreciat$ 9 ! migrations s\?w>d4 ,fruit l>ge1 flatt5$1 globul>1 some:at angul>1 or flatt5$1 sometimes hav+ a %all[ sulcus or furr[ on "o side2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[ or orange1 be+ sometimes fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots gray1 ) :ite bases4 ,bas9 r %all[ & fold$2 ,eye small & op51 calyc9al segm5ts be+ %ort4 ,cavity wide1 b (t5 lipp$1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 v ?ick1 clubb$ or knobby4 ,core l>ge1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 break+1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor sub-acid & some:at aromatic2 ( fir/ quality 9 ! ,nor?2 ,use1 table1 kit*5 or m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,janu>y1 or lat]4 ,primate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bec4--,,primate4 ,?is delici\s table apple has /rong claims ^u our admiration1 on acc\nt ( its good qualities z a dess]t fruit1 = ! extreme delicacy ( its sk9 & fle% r5d] x unfit = m>ket2 x is !re=e n pr(itable = ! comm]cial or*>d4 ,tree ?rifty1 /ocky1 vigor\s1 /rongly bran*$1 productive2 ,%oots /\t1 %ort1 light olive2 ,buds prom95t1 foliage pale gre54 ,fruit full m$ium1 globul>1 angul>1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 becom+ almo/ :ite1 sometimes fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small b long1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long1 ?ick4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 long1 d>k2 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 v t5d]1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 ! dess]t2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,progress4 ,n hav+ _h ! good =tune to /udy ?is apple1 ,i quote ! description giv5 by ,d[n+3 ,a native ( ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut4 ,tree a mod]ate gr[] & =ms a h&some head1 be>s e>ly & v productive4 ,size above m$ium1 r globul>1 incl9+ to conic1 sometimes oblate1 some:at angul>2 ,/em %ort1 ins]t$ into a r\nd cavity1 surr\nd$ by russet2 ,calyx l>ge1 p>tially clos$1 set 9 a %all[1 op5 bas92 ,sk9 smoo?1 yell[1 ) a sunny *eek1 sometimes a few scatt]$1 gray dots2 ,fle% solid1 t5d]1 crisp1 juicy1 ) a v refre%+1 v9\s flavor4 ,ripe ,octob] until ,april4 ,qu9ce4 ,,cole',s ,,qu9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bed4--,,qu9ce4 ,?is does n appe> to be exactly ! same z t describ$ by ,coxe1 & lat] by ,d[n+4 ,?is fruit is n v ext5sively cultivat$4 ,! specim5s describ$ are f t precise pomologi/ ,t4,t4 ,lyon1 ( ,mi*igan4 ,fruit full m$ium1 globul>1 angul>1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[1 pale4 ,bas9 n>r[1 fold$1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium1 yell[4 ,core oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good = cook+2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,septemb]4 ,?is apple is highly e/eem$ by ,mr4 ,w4,g4 ,w>+1 ( ,c5t] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e x orig9at$4 ,tree h>dy & vigor\s1 a good & regul> be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 some:at depress$1 slightly conic1 angul>2 ,sk9 yell[1 slightly %ad$ & ?9ly spr9kl$ ) br[n dots2 ,/alk %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 abrupt cavity1 surr\nd$ by ?9 russet2 ,calyx p>tially clos$1 set 9 an op5 bas92 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 ) a v agreeable sub-acid flavor2 ,octob]4--,d[n+4 ,%eepnose4--( ,me>s4 ,?is sub/antial little apple 0 pres5t$ by ,wm4 ,e4 ,me>s1 a zeal\s horticulturi/ ( ,cl]mont ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 :]e x is consid]ably cultivat$4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 slightly conic1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[1 :ite /ri ab\t ! base1 l ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 :i* x resembles 9 "s o!r respects2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 wavy2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 n>r[1 bronz$2 ,/em m$ium1 knobb$4 ,core r\ndi% oval1 irregul>1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,summ] ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bee4--,,summ] ,,pipp94 ,a favorite apple ab\t ,new ,york--n kn[n ext5sively4 ,tree vigor\s1 =m+ a beautiful head1 a regul> & good be>]4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 =m1 sometimes oblong-oval1 or incl9+ to conic1 angul> & irregul>2 ,sk9 pale wax5 yell[1 %ad$ ) a delicate crimson blu%1 & spr9kl$ ) gre5 & grayi% dots2 ,/alk v>ies 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 abrupt cavity2 ,calyx clos$1 set 9 a deep1 abrupt1 corrugat$ bas92 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 mod]ately juicy1 ) a pleasant1 refre%+ sub-acid flavor2 ,valuable = cul9>y uses2 ,rip5s 9 ,augu/ & cont9ues a mon? or m4--,d[n+4 ,transport4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bef4--,,transport4 ,ano!r ( ,reub5 ,ragan's ,indiana se$l+s4 ,tree poor 9 ! nurs]y--good 9 ! or*>d4 ,v productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>1 flatt5$1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 blu%$ c>m9e2 ,dots scatt]$1 gre51 ) :ite bases1 becom+ purple :]e expos$2 ,bloom :ite4 ,bas9 m$ium1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core irregul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,axis %ort2 ,se$s d>k1 po9t$1 imp]fect2 ,fle%1 yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 melt+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,n v pr(itable4 ,:ite ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beg4--,,:ite ,,pipp94 ,! orig9 ( ?is valuable fruit is entirely unkn[n1 & its hi/ory c only be trac$ to ! nurs]y ( ,silas ,:>ton1 :o may h br\ght x ) him f ! ,ea/4 ,= a "t "s ( our lead+ pomologi/s ?\ght x 0 ! ,canada ,re9ette1 b ?is idea has long s9ce be5 rel9qui%$1 & all agree t x is sui g5]is1 ?\gh x may h _h a diff]5t "n4 ,9 "s ( its ext]nal *>act]s x m ne>ly resembles ! ,yell[ ,newt[n ,pipp9 ?an any o!r fruit2 b1 :ile x lacks ! high1 spicy flavor ( t apple1 x is f\nd to be mu* m pr(itable 9 ! or*>d4 ,! tree is rem>kably ?rifty1 vigor\s & productive1 upright1 ) v d>k %oots1 cov]$ ) d[n1 be>+ l>ge leaves t are q d[ny b5ea?1 & deep gre5 above4 ,fruit l>ge1 v>iable 9 =m1 angul>1 sometimes lop-sid$1 g5]ally fair1 free f scab2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5 or gre5i%-:ite to v pale yell[ :5 ripe2 ! sk9 t[>d ! base is (t5 m>k$ on ! unripe apple ) indi/9ct wavy /ripes ( :ite1 ! int]spaces are sometimes color$ by exposure1 & assume a p9k or purpli% hue1 mak+ ! fruit appe> to be /rip$2 ,dots v m9ute1 & surr\nd$ by gre5 bases t are mo/ di/9ct be=e ! fruit is p]fectly ripe2 ^! & ! :ite /ripes are v *>act]i/ic4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>1 wavy or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 deep1 wavy1 br[n & gre53 ,/em %ort1 sometimes ?ick4 ,core small1 pyri=m1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 pale br[n1 po9t$2 ,fle% :ite or yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 granul>1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 n spicy2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*5 r ?an table1 cooks v well2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y2 n a v good keep]2 may be pres]v$ until ,m>*4 ,yell[ ,newt[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beh4--,,yell[ ,,newt[n4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety ( ! ,newt[n ,pipp91 :i* has obta9$ su* a _w-wide notoriety z ! ,am]ican ,apple1 is v unc]ta94 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ?is & ! ,gre5 ,newt[n1 z describ$ "u ,class ,,iii1 ,i1 #b1 #a1 0 well kn[n to ,coxe4 ,tree resembl+ t ( ! ,gre5 v>iety1 sl[ gr[] 9 ! nurs]y1 hav+ r\gh b>k :5 old1 n an e>ly be>]1 b l>ge1 spread+1 & productive1 & 9 suitable soils pr(itable4 ,f "s cause1 h[ev]1 ! or*>ds ( bo? ^! apples are mu* less satisfactory 9 _! results ?an =m]ly 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,/ill x is (t5 se5 9 great p]fection1 & ,i am compil+ ?is description f outl9es & notes ( a l>ge numb] t 7 v f9e4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 m or less modifi$ by be+ cyl9drical1 truncat$1 lop-sid$1 ribb$1 & irregul>1 sometimes ev5 conic2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 sometimes bronzy1 becom+ yell[ :5 ripe1 l ! ,:ite ,pipp91 x is m>k$ ) gray /ri ne> ! base :ile gre52 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$1 :iti% bases4 ,bas9 l>ge1 fold$1 ribb$ or plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 r op54 ,cavity deep1 acute2 br[n2 ,/em m$ium or %ort1 r>ely long4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ or clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s po9t$1 br[n1 sometimes imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 juicy1 n crisp l ! ,gre5 v>iety2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 v agreeable2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket & cid]2 ,season1 ,m>*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,b5oni4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bei4--;,,b5oni4 ,?is h&some & delici\s e>ly apple is a native ( ,d$ham1 ,massa*usetts4 ,its good qualities h caus$ its culture to be widely ext5d$1 & x appe>s to give v g5]al satisfaction2 ?\gh n s e>ly z "s o!r k9ds1 = ! dess]t especially1 x is indisp5sable to ! amateur4 ,tree small1 upright1 close1 productive1 e>ly be>]2 ,%oots sl5d]1 br[n1 leaves ?91 long4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 truncat$1 some:at angul>1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ mix$ r$1 /rip$ sc>let & c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt2 ,eye l>ge1 op5 or clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium1 gre51 (t5 /\t4 ,core small1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s angul>1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor ri*1 sub-acid1 spicy2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,delici\s & pr(itable4 ,br5naman4 ,?is f9e apple1 f ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 0 report$ on by ! ad int]im ,committee ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,horticultural ,society1 & 0 br\ght to my notice by ,dr4 ,j4,k4 ,e%leman1 ( ,d[n+t[n1 9 ^: beautiful or*>d ,i _h an opportunity ( /udy+ ! v>iety4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 vigor\s1 productive1 said to be h>dy4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) /ripes ( bright ri* r$4 ,bas9 deep1 wavy2 ,eye clos$4 ,cavity l>ge1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium4 ,fle% :iti%1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 agreeable2 ,quality good1 especially = cul9>y use & m>ket2 ,season1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,*ronicle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfj4--;,,*ronicle4 ,?is is a fam\s long keep] ( ,indiana orig94 ,! honors ( its discov]y are divid$ betwe5 ! ,sig]sons & ,r4 ,ragan4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive1 said to be h>dy4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 truncat$1 cyl9drical1 irregul>1 flatt5$ at ! sides or angul>2 ,axis incl9$ 9 "s2 ,surface yell[i%-gre5 to yell[1 mix$ & /rip$ dull r$2 ,dots l>ge1 scatt]$1 yell[1 ind5t$4 ,bas91 wide1 deep1 regul> or wavy2 ,eye small to m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy or acute1 sometimes lipp$1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium to long1 sometimes ?ick4 ,core small1 clos$1 meet+2 ,se$s num]\s1 po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% gre5i% to yell[1 firm2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n spicy2 ,quality sc>cely good1 except = cul9>y use & = m>ket2 ,season1 ,m>* to ,may4 ,keeps s\nd ev5 :5 bruis$4 ,f\ndl+4 ,f ,massa*usetts4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 spread+1 productive4--,d[n+4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 angul> or unev52 ,surface yell[i%-gre51 mix$ r$1 spla%$ deep r$2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 wide1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em %ort or m$ium4 ,core l>ge1 wide1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 po9t$2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,specim5s obta9$ f ,mr4 ,w>r54 ,j]sey ,black4 ,,black ,,apple ( ,coxe8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfa4--;,,j]sey ,,black4 ,?is admirable b unpret5d+ fruit has ext5d$ its way quietly ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 along ! p>allels #dj to #db1 )\t ev] hav+ _h any extra puff+1 su* z has giv5 notoriety to "s ( its competitors = places 9 ! or*>d4 ,nobody speaks ab\t ?is apple1 nor writes ab\t x1 & yet x is ev]y:]e to be f\nd4 ,?is _c be ! ,black ,apple ( ,coxe & ,d[n+1 be+ q diff]5t 9 "s ( its /rong *>act]s4 ,orig9 unkn[n1 suppos$ to h be5 introduc$ into ! ,we/ by ,silas ,:>ton1 ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 z x is f\nd ) ! ,:ite ,pipp9 & o!r favorite sorts ( 8 introduction1 & is 9 8 publi%$ li/4 ,tree suffici5tly vigor\s1 b does n gr[ l>ge1 spread+1 (t5 droop+ :5 old1 bran*es op51 always fruitful1 ei!r well di/ribut$ 9 a light crop1 or cr[d$ 9 a full "o4 ,fruit full m$ium1 r\nd1 angul> & irregul>1 sometimes ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 completely cov]$ ) deep r$1 /rip$ d>k]1 giv+ a purple1 almo/ black hue to ! fruit1 (t5 cov]$ ) a ?9 bloom2 "o v>iety is always light]1 /ripes m di/9ct1 & ! fle% m /a9$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 ind5t$1 purple4 ,bas9 mo/ly %all[1 fold$ & plait$2 ,eye small to m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n1 (t5 wavy or fold$2 ,/em %ort1 m$ium or long1 usually /\t1 sometimes knobb$4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 g5]ally clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 po9t$1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy1 (t5 /a9$ p9k or r$di%2 ,flavor ri*1 mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 n spicy1 satisfy+2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 cid] & = /ock2 ,season1 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y2 keeps s\nd4 ,a good m>ket apple4 ,k+4 ,,k+ ,,( ,,tompk9s ,,c\nty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfb4--,,k+4 ,?is spl5did apple1 :i* has attract$ s mu* att5tion ( rec5t ye>s1 _h its orig91 z is suppos$1 9 ,tompk9s ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 :]e x has be5 mu* cultivat$4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 l>ge & spread+1 an abundant annual be>]4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 globul>1 irregul>1 some:at conic1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ deep r$1 m>bl$ & /rip$2 ,dots num]\s1 gray1 l>ge4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 %ort1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 %all[1 wavy2 ,/em %ort or long1 ?ick or sl5d]1 r$4 ,core v l>ge1 turb9ate1 regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s imp]fect1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*5 & m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] & long]4 ,miss\ri ,keep]4 ,specim5s f ,norman ,j4 ,colman1 ,esq41 ,editor ( ! ,rural ,_w1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\nd1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 %ad$1 mix$1 /rip$ r$2 ,dots num]\s1 l>ge1 :ite1 di/9ct4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity n>r[1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to %ort1 knobby1 ?ick4 ,core regul>1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 plump1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table1 m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,july4 ,specim5s cut & describ$ on ! #be? ( ,june 7 9 p]fect condition4 ,nonp>eil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfc4--,,nonp>eil4 ,! hi/ory & orig9 ( ?is nice autumn fruit h n be5 asc]ta9$1 & x may prove to be an old v>iety ) a *ang$ "n--consid]ably gr[n 9 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois4 ,specim5s f ,dr4 ,geo4 ,haskell1 ( ,rock=d1 are "h describ$4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at conic1 angul>1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 waxy-yell[1 spla%$ crimson2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$ & plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy1 sometimes lipp$2 ,/em long to m$ium1 ?ick1 gre54 ,core wide1 regul>1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 aromatic2 ,quality q good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,/ew>t's ,nonp>eil4--,local ,"n4 ,?is e>ly apple is q a favorite 9 ,cl>ke ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 & may prove to be ! ,tet(ski1 or "s o!r kn[n v>iety1 :5 x comes to be m ?or\ghly exam9$4 ,fruits receiv$ f my bro!r1 ,j4,t4 ,w>d]4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\ndi%1 conical1 irregul>1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i%-gre51 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots m9ute1 scatt]$1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 small1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 n>r[2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 oval1 op51 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good to be/2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/1 9 latitude #dj4 ,tet(ski4 ,?is little =eign] 0 br\ght f ,russia1 & seems z well adapt$ to our climate & ta/es z are its companions f ! same region4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 upright1 leaves broad1 pale or light gre54 ,fruit small to m$ium1 r\nd1 flatt5$1 some:at conic1 angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$1 spla%$ c>m9e1 :ite bloom4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 or deep1 acute2 ,/em %ort1 yell[4 ,core l>ge1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 f9e gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*52 ,season1 ,june1 ,july--be=e ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iii4--,,r\nd ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,gold5 ,h>vey4 ,,br&y ,,apple4 ,?is highly flavor$ ,engli% apple is (t5 ref]r$ to1 b is r>ely se5 9 ,am]ican collections2 b z x may be int]e/+ to "s1 ,i quote ,d[n+'s brief description3 ,fruit small1 irregul>ly r\nd2 ,sk9 r r\gh1 dull russet ov] a yell[ gr\nd1 ) a russety r$ *eek2 ,fle% yell[1 ( f9e texture1 ) a ri* sub-acid flavor4 ,! fruit is apt to %rivel4 ,tree ( sl5d] gr[?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,d[n+'s ,p>agon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfd4--;,,d[n+',s ,,p>agon4 ,orig9at$ at ,canton1 ,ill9ois4 ,tree upright1 be>s annually1 productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 b appe>+ oblong1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[ to gold51 slightly bronz$ or blu%$ :5 fully ripe2 ?is & ! dots c sc>cely be se5 :ile ! fruit is immature4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 irregul>2 ,/em long4 ,core v small1 oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% v t5d]2 ,flavor sweet1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table2 ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 ,honey4 ,native ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree v erect & an excell5t be>]4 ,fruit r small1 oblong or oblong-conical1 gre5i%2 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy4 ,if ?is apple rip5$ 9 ,octob] 7apple butt] season7 x w\ld be m valuable4--,w4,g4 ,w>+'s ,,ms4 ,p5nsylvania ,sweet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfe4--,,p5nsylvania ,,sweet+4 ,f\nd 9 ,s\!rn ,ill9ois4 ,orig9 & hi/ory unkn[n4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblong1 regul>2 ,surface dull gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 d>k1 di/9ct4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 irregul>2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core irregul>1 l>ge1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small2 ,fle% t5d]1 melt+1 f9e-gra9$2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 e>ly w9t]4 ,wells' ,sweet+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bff4--,,wells' ,,sweet+4 ,orig9 & hi/ory unkn[n4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd or oblong1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 :ite1 "s blu%2 ,dots scatt]$1 prom95t4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>1 lea!r-crack$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium4 ,core pyri=m1 clos$2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 firm1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 ,octob] & ,decemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,black ,gillifl[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfg4--;,,black ,,gillifl[]4 ,an old v>iety1 :i* _c be v highly prais$1 = x is b an indiff]5t fruit1 & yet1 on acc\nt ( its productiv5ess & keep+ prop]ties1 x is consid]$ pr(itable = or*>d plant+4 ,fruit r l>ge1 oblong-ovate1 regul>2 ,surface ne>ly cov]$ ) /ripes ( v deep r$ t make x look ne>ly black4 ,bas9 v %all[1 (t5 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core v l>ge1 oval1 regul>1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump or imp]fect2 ,fle% :iti%1 dry2 ,flavor only sweet2 ,use1 ess5tially m>ket1 may be valuable = /ock2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,m>*4 ,"m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfh4--,,"m4 ,orig9 ,bolton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree r sl5d]1 b productive4 ,fruit m$ium to full m$ium1 oblong1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 %ad$ r$ on yell[1 ) close1 f9e /ripes ( r$2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul> or plait$2 ,eye long1 small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul> or wavy2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 turb9ate1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s2 ,fle% yell[1 crisp1 v f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet1 v ri*1 v9\s1 aromatic2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,janu>y4 ,ramsdell's ,r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfi4--,,ramsdell',s ,,r$4 ,orig9 ,connecticut4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 _m bran*es1 productive1 e>ly be>]2 ,%oots sl5d]1 r$di%2 ,foliage r light gre54 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oblong1 regul>1 truncat$2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 hidd5 by bright r$1 mix$ & /rip$2 ,dots num]\s1 yell[1 di/9ct4 ,bas9 r deep1 abrupt1 wavy2 ,eye small to m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium to long1 (t5 r$4 ,core l>ge1 oval1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s l>ge2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 bak+ & /ock2 ,season1 ,septemb] to ,decemb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,mansfield ,russet4 ,br\ght into notice by ,dr4 ,joseph ,mansfield1 ( ,groton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s & v productive4 ,fruit small1 oblong1 incl9+ to conic2 ,sk9 c9namon russet2 ,/em long1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 furr[$ cavity2 ,calyx p>tially clos$1 set 9 an op5 bas92 ,fle% n v juicy1 ri*1 aromatic1 sac*>9e1 v9\s2 ,keeps until ,april & ,may4--,d[n+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,bailey's ,gold54 ,orig9 ,k5nebec ,c\nty1 ,ma9e4 ,tree productive2 ,fruit l>ge1 oblong1 flatt5$ at base & cr[n2 ,sk9 yell[i%1 slightly russet$1 ) a w>m *eek2 ,/em %ort1 surr\nd$ by russet1 9 a broad1 deep cavity2 ,calyx l>ge & op51 bas9 %all[2 ,fle% :ite1 ) a pleasant sub-acid flavor2 ,janu>y to ,m>*4--,d[n+4 ,c>ol9a ,r$ ,june4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgj4--;,,c>ol9a ,,r$ ,,june4 ,orig9 s\!rn1 ?\gh long ext5sively gr[n 9 ! ,nor?1 & ev]y:]e 9 ! ,we/ a favorite e>ly fruit4 ,tree h>dy1 vigor\s1 heal?y1 upright1 e>ly be>]1 productive2 ,%oots sl5d]1 d>k2 ,foliage d>k4 ,fruit small to m$ium1 =m v>iable1 b g5]ally oblong-ovate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 deep r$ on :ite1 ne>ly univ]sal2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 fold$1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity n>r[1 acute2 ,/em m$ium or %ort4 ,core oval1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump2 ,fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 n ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & m>ket2 ,season1 ,june & ,july--"o ( ! e>lie/4 ,!re is a /rip$ v>iety1 ! ,/rip$ ,june1 f ,virg9ia1 simil> 9 e respect except ! ext]nal m>k+s4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 q diff]5t f ! ,virg9ia ,june4--7,q4 vide p4 #ejj47 ,craw=d ,keep]4 ,?is fruit 0 receiv$ f ,h4,n4 ,gillett1 ,lawr5ce ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 cyl9drical1 oblong1 lop-sid$2 ,surface smoo?1 purpli% r$2 ,dots num]\s1 fawn color$4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 r\gh1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core regul>1 op52 ,se$s num]\s1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 ,febru>y to ,april4 ,v desirable4 ,cumb]l& ,spice4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bga4--;,,cumb]l& ,,spice4 ,orig9 ,new ,j]sey2 n v ext5sively cultivat$1 =1 ?\gh sometimes excell5t1 x is n f\nd to be a pr(itable sort4 ,fruit r oblong1 contract$ t[>d ! eye1 or ovate1 regul>2 sometimes ! ,axis is incl9$2 ,surface pale yell[2 ,dots l>ge1 br[n1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 %all[1 regul> or fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 p>tially clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute2 ,/em g5]ally long4 ,core l>ge1 r\nd1 v op51 n t\*+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*1 aromatic2 ,quality good to be/1 b unc]ta92 ,use1 table1 kit*51 n pr(itable2 ,season1 ,octob] to ,decemb]4 ,curtis ,gre5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgb4--;,,curtis ,,gre5+4 ,?is fruit 0 f\nd 9 ,ill9ois2 orig9 unc]ta94 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cyl9drical1 oblong1 truncat$2 ,axis incl9$2 ,surface yell[1 bronzy2 ,dots num]\s1 d>k1 ind5t$4 ,bas9 abrupt1 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>2 ,/em %ort4 ,core small1 fig-%ap$1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 small1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table & kit*52 ,season1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,dawson's ,clu/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgc4--;,,dawson',s ,,clu/]4 ,f ,cl>k ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,fruit full m$ium1 oblong-truncate or ovate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 blu%$ lightly ) br[n2 ,dots scatt]$1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity v acute1 wavy2 ,/em long1 ) a knob4 ,core m$ium1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 l>ge2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality good2 ,use1 kit*51 b *iefly recomm5d$ = cid]2 ,season1 ,novemb]4 ,an enorm\s be>]4 ,frankl9 ,gold54#ej ,,hughes' ,,am]ican ,,gold5 ,,pipp94 ,tree ?rifty1 upright1 mod]ately productive2 ,fruit oblong1 cyl9drical2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[2 ,dots di/9ct1 gray1 n num]\s4 ,bas9 wide1 %all[1 f9ely plait$2 ,eye long1 clos$4 ,cavity m$ium1 gre5i%2 ,/em long4 ,core small1 pyri=m1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s plump1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ri*2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table2 ,season1 mid-w9t]4 ,a *oice dess]t fruit4 ,grimes' ,gold54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgd4--;,,grimes' ,,gold54 ,ano!r apple ( simil> & equally high "*4 ,orig91 ,brooke ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,introduc$ to ! ,/ate ,pomological ,society by our zeal\s fell[ memb] ,s4,b4 ,m>%all1 ,massillon1 ,ohio1 :o obta9$ x f ,n4 ,wood1 ( ,belmont ,c\nty4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 spread+1 productive1 be>s e>ly2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k2 ,foliage abundant1 d>k gre54 ,fruit full m$ium1 cyl9drical1 regul>2 ,surface yell[1 ve9-russet$2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em long1 curv$4 ,core small1 pyri=m1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+1 v f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 spicy1 ri*1 refre%+2 ,quality v be/2 ,use1 dess]t1 too good = aught else2 ^? :o h tri$ x say t x is excell5t = cook+2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,m>*4 ,kirkbridge ,:ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bge4--,,kirkbridge ,,:ite4 ,?is fruit has be5 pretty ext5sively cultivat$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 & sometimes mi/ak5 = ! ,yell[ ,june4 ,tree ( mod]ate gr[?1 be>s e>ly1 productive4 ,fruit small1 oblong-conic1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[ or :ite2 ,dots m9ute1 gray1 scatt]$4 ,bas9 small1 %all[ or abrupt1 n>r[1 regul>2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 gre54 ,core m$ium1 pyri=m1 regul>1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 po9t$1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 table1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,july1 ,augu/1 aft] ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 ,ortley4 ,,:ite ,,bellfl[]1 ,& ,_m ,o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgf4--,,ortley4 ,?is excell5t ,new ,j]sey apple has be5 cultivat$ v satisfactorily ov] a great ext5t ( our c\ntry1 & is /ill se5 9 "s ,we/]n collections1 exhibit+ all its peculi> beauty1 b 9 _m places :]e x 0 a great favorite b a few ye>s s9ce1 x has become s defective f scab & bitt]-rot t x is rapidly disappe>+ f ! nurs]ies & or*>ds4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 upright1 becom+ l>ge & spread+1 v productive2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k1 be>+ limbs brittle1 & (t5 brok5 by ! fruit4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblong1 conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 r>ely blu%$ light c>m9e1 & r$ spots2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$1 :ite bases se5 only 9 ! unripe fruit4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>1 plait$2 ,eye small1 v long1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 regul>1 op51 meet+ ! v long eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 po9t$1 d>k1 easily loos5$1 :5 !y rattle 9 ! l>ge op5 capsules2 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 sprightly1 refre%+2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,! ?reat5$ failure ( ?is f9e fruit is mu* to be regrett$4 ,its tissue is s f9e z to suit ev5 ! invalid or convalesc5t1 :o c\ld n safely p>take ( a m solid apple4 ,port]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgg4--,,port]4 ,native ( ,%]burne1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive4 ,fruit r l>ge1 oblong1 some:at conic1 (t5 truncat$2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 (t5 fa9tly blu%$2 ,dots few1 sunk54 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 regul>1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 kit*51 table1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,augu/ to ,octob]4 ,sp>k's4 ,,sp>k',s ,,late4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgh4--,,sp>k',s4 ,fruit$ by ,jas4 ,h4 ,cra91 ( ,undulation1 ,pulaski ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 on trees receiv$ f ,j4,w4 ,felt ,co41 ,cry/al ,spr+s1 ,mississippi4 ,special orig9 unkn[n1 b believ$ to be s\!rn4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright & productive2 ,%oots /\t4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 oblong1 conic1 regul>1 h&some2 ,surface gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots num]\s1 r l>ge1 gray & r\gh4 ,bas9 %all[1 small1 regul>2 ,eye v small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 gre52 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,core m$ium1 oval1 clos$1 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 ri*1 v aromatic2 ,use1 dess]t especially2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y2 ,quality be/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,boalsburg4 ,a se$l+ ( ,c5t] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 incl9+ to conical1 delicately mottl$1 & /rip$ ) r$ on yell[ gr\nd2 ,/em %ort1 ?ick1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 acum9ate1 russet$ cavity2 ,bas9 deep1 mod]ately wide2 ,fle% yell[1 juicy1 sprightly1 refre%+2 ,v good2 ,febru>y4--,ad int]im ,reports4 ,mr4 ,w>+1 ( ,tyrone1 ,p5nsylvania1 writes me t ! ,boalsburg has n prov$ to be productive1 & t he has discont9u$ its propagation4 ,cannon ,pe>ma94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgi4--;,,cannon ,,pe>ma94 ,a s\!rn apple2 probably f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,gr[n to "s ext5t 9 p>ts ( ! ,we/1 :]e x proves a sub/itute = ! ,b5 ,davis1 keep+ long]4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive :5 old2 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd1 oblong or ovate1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 %ad$ r$1 fa9tly /rip$2 ,dots l>ge1 yell[1 gray4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 regul>1 r>ely wavy2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 (t5 lipp$2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 r$4 ,core m$ium1 regul>1 oval1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$2 ,fle% yell[1 firm1 break+2 ,flavor mild sub-acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,janu>y to ,april4 ,coop]'s ,m>ket4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 ) long1 sl5d] bran*es2 productive & a late keep]4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 conic2 ,sk9 yell[i%1 %ad$ ) r$1 /rip$ crimson2 ,/em %ort2 ,cavity deep1 n>r[2 ,calyx clos$2 ,bas9 small2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 ) a brisk1 sub-acid flavor2 ,decemb] to ,may4--,d[n+4 ,fall ,butt]4--,l4 ,jones4#ea ,!re are _m apples ) ?is "n1 b my good fri5d ,lewis ,jones ?9ks ?is is ! only g5u9e k9d1 & des]v+ ! "n f its adaptation to ! mak+ ( apple butt]4 ,f\nd 9 a se$l+ or*>d ( ,ea/]n ,indiana1 & a di/9ct sort4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 globul>2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i%-yell[2 ,dots m9ute1 prom95t4 ,bas9 regul>1 abrupt1 br[n2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 n>r[1 gre52 ,/em %ort4 ,core m$ium1 r\nd1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 plump1 d>k2 ,fle% yell[i%-:ite1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sweet2 ,quality be/ = table1 bak+ & apple butt]2 ,season1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,hague4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhj4--;,,hague4 ,introduc$ by ,lewis ,jones1 ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,believ$ to be a se$l+4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 oblong1 cyl9drical1 truncate2 ,surface smoo?1 gre5i% yell[1 %ad$ m or less ) r$1 /rip$ & spla%$ deep r$2 ,dots num]\s or scatt]$1 l>ge1 di/9ct1 yell[4 ,bas9 m$ium1 regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em %ort to m$ium1 curv$4 ,core l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$ or op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 %ort1 po9t$1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*2 ,quality v good to be/2 ,use1 table1 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,wor?y ( att5tion4 ,h]man4 ,f ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 q prolific4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 conic2 f9e r$1 /rip$ on gre51 ,fle% gre5i% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sub-acid1 & high flavor2 ,novemb] to ,april4--,saml4 ,mill]1 9 ,d[n+4 ,indiana ,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bha4--;,,indiana ,,beauty4 ,?is beautiful ,indiana se$l+ always attracts att5tion by its ext]nal appe>ance1 b x is n de/9$ to become a g5]al favorite4 ,fruit l>ge1 cyl9drical1 oblong1 unequal2 ,axis incl9$2 ,surface v smoo? yell[1 p>tially cov]$ mix$ sc>let1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots num]\s1 small4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium to l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core small1 oval1 clos$1 clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 po9t$1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[i%1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb]1 ,novemb]4 ,jona?an4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhb4--;,,jona?an4 ,orig91 ,k+/on1 ,new ,york4 ,describ$ by ,judge ,buell4 ,a v sup]ior dess]t fruit2 good = all purposes1 & seems to d well ev]y:]e4 ,its excell5ce has caus$ x to be call$1 p>ticul>ly1 a g5tleman's apple1 ?\gh q acceptable to ! f>m]s' boys4 ,tree ( r sl5d] gr[?2 h5ce top-graft$ 9 ! or*>d & /ock-graft$ 9 ! nurs]y to produce e>ly results2 ,spread+1 r droop+1 productive2 ,%oots sl5d]1 light br[n1 buds small2 ,foliage r sp>se1 grayi%4 ,fruit m$ium1 r\nd or oblong1 conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface v smoo?1 waxy yell[1 :olly cov]$ brilliant d>k r$1 mix$ & /rip$2 ,dots m9ute1 russet-ve9$4 ,bas9 deep1 regul>1 russet-ve9$2 ,eye small1 clos$1 gre54 ,cavity acute1 deep1 regul>1 r$di% br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core m$ium1 r\ndi%-oval1 regul>1 clos$1 sc>cely clasp+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 angul>2 ,fle%1 :iti% yell[1 t5d]1 break+1 v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 equal to ,spitz5b]g2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t1 cook+1 c42 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y4 ,%\ld be 9 e or*>d4 ,kaighn's ,spitz5b]g4--,coxe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhc4--,,kaighn',s ,,spitz5b]g4 ,f ,gl\ce/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree spread+1 v productive2 ,%oots sl5d]4 ,fruit l>ge1 h&some1 oblong1 slightly conic1 truncat$1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 /rip$ crimson2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 deep1 abrupt1 fold$ or regul>2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$2 ,segm5ts reflex$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 regul>1 br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]1 r$4 ,core l>ge1 pyri=m1 regul>1 clasp+1 g5]ally op52 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>1 loose2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 r ri*2 ,quality good = cul9>y use2 ,m>ket & dry+2 ,season1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]4 ,kn[les' ,e>ly4 ,a favorite e>ly apple ab\t ,philadelphia4 ,orig9 suppos$ to be ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree m$ium1 ?rifty1 v productive1 e>ly be>]4 ,fruit small1 conical1 oblong1 /rip$ dull r$ on yell[4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>2 ,/em m$ium to long4 ,fle% yell[i%1 v t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor mild sub-acid1 aromatic1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 table1 kit*52 ,season1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,long ,isl& ,pe>ma94--,coxe4 ,,autumn ,,pe>ma91 ,?ompson1 accord+ to ,d[n+4--,,w9t] ,,pe>ma91 ,we/]n m>kets4 ,an old v>iety f\nd 9 all ! e>ly or*>ds ( ,ohio & ,indiana1 t 7 )9 ! influ5ce ( ,silas ,:>ton's nurs]y4 ,a good1 pr(itable v>iety t has be5 ov]look$ 9 ! rage = novelties4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 v productive2 ,fruit full m$ium1 r\nd1 elongat$1 tap]+ slightly f ! base1 always truncat$ at ! apex1 regul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i% gre51 cov]$ ) dull r$1 & /rip$ m>oon2 ,dots num]\s1 m9ute1 gray2 russet-ve9$ t[>ds ! base4 ,bas9 regul>1 wide1 r deep1 slightly lea!r-crack$2 ,eye m$ium1 op52 ,segm5ts long4 ,cavity r wide2 ,/em long4 ,core m$ium1 he>t-%ap$1 regul>1 clos$1 n clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 l>ge1 plump1 br[n24 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 firm1 n v juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 agreeable2 ,quality good2 ,use1 family & m>ket2 ,season1 ,novemb] till ,m>*4 ,m>/on's ,r$ ,w9t]4 ,z ,i h nev] se5 ?is fruit1 ,i aga9 quote f ,d[n+3 ,i receiv$ ?is beautiful apple f ,na?an ,norton1 ( ,gre5l&1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :o said ! orig9al tree 0 m ?an a hundr$ ye>s old1 & /ill /&+4 ,tree h>dy1 ( mod]ate gr[?1 great be>]1 & keeps z well z ,baldw91 & by _m pref]r$ to t v>iety1 & is a popul> fruit 9 ! neighborhood4 ,fruit above m$ium size1 oblong1 oval1 incl9+ to ovate2 ,/em ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long1 r sl5d]1 9 a n>r[1 deep1 compress$1 slightly russet$ cavity1 sometimes ) a lip2 ,calyx p>tially clos$2 ,segm5ts long1 9 a deep1 corrugat$ bas92 ,color :iti% yell[1 %ad$ & /rip$ ) bright gre5 & crimson1 ?ickly spr9kl$ ) m9ute dots2 ,fle% :iti% yell[1 v juicy1 t5d]1 sprightly1 sub-acid flavor2 ,decemb] to ,m>*4 ,miffl9 ,k+4 ,orig9 ,miffl9 ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit small1 color ( ,rambo p]haps a trifle m r$1 oblong2 ,fle% rem>kably t5d]1 juicy & pleasant2 ,fir/ rate4--,am]ican ,pomological ,society's ,report4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,regul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,sweet ,bellfl[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhd4--,,sweet ,,bellfl[]4 ,?is apple is suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,dayton1 ,ohio1 & is cultivat$ *iefly 9 ! adjac5t regions1 & :5 f\nd else:]e is traceable to ?is s\rce4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi% oblong1 angul>2 ,surface unev51 gre5i% yell[1 becom+ creamy yell[1 v r>ely blu%$ or bronz$2 ,dots m9ute1 ind5t$1 surr\nd$ by gre5 9 ! unripe fruit4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts long1 reflex$4 ,cavity acute1 wavy1 gre52 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core regul>1 r\ndi%1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 plump1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% :ite1 f9e-gra9$1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good to v good2 ,use1 bak+1 table2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,n equal to ,broadwell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,h>ni%4 ,f ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 oval1 slightly angul>2 ,sk9 mo/ly %ad$ ) d>k r$1 & spr9kl$ ) grayi% dots2 ,fle% compact1 t5d]1 n juicy1 almo/ sweet1 pleasant2 ,septemb] to ,octob]4--,d[n+4 ,ill9ois ,pumpk9 ,sweet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhe4--;,,ill9ois ,,pumpk9 ,,sweet4 ,?is apple 0 f\nd 9 ,ill9ois4 ,f ! or*>d ( ,mr4 ,montagu1 :o e/eem$ x v highly4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 ovate1 angul>2 ,surface mix$1 spla%$ & /rip$ ) dull r$2 ,dots scatt]$1 di/9ct1 yell[4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 fold$2 ,/em m$ium1 incl9$4 ,core m$ium1 pyri=m1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% yell[1 r t\gh 9 w9t]1 b becomes melt+ 9 ,june2 ,flavor v sweet2 ,quality good1 ,montagu says be/2 ,use1 kit*51 table2 ,season1 ,janu>y till ,june4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #a4--,,sweet4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #a4--,,self-,,color$4 ,g5esee ,*ief4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhf4--;,,g5esee ,,*ief4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 r\ndi% oblong1 ribb$ or angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 sometimes bronz$2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 %all[1 m$ium2 ,eye small1 b v long1 clos$4 ,cavity n>r[1 po9t$1 gre52 ,/em m$ium1 knobby4 ,core v l>ge1 r\nd1 clasp+1 v op52 ,se$s num]\s1 defective1 angul>1 br[n2 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid1 ?92 ,quality second rate--good only = cook+2 ,season1 ,augu/4 ,h5wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhg4--;,,h5wood4 ,a se$l+ ( ,indiana4 ,br\ght into notice by ,lewis ,jones1 ( ,wayne ,c\nty1 :o has frequ5tly exhibit$ ! fruit1 & di/ribut$ grafts ( ?is excell5t apple1 :i* may comp5sate = ! failure ( its reput$ p>5t1 ! ,ortley4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblong1 conic or ovate1 (t5 angul> or ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[1 r>ely blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$1 d>k4 ,bas9 %all[1 (t5 abrupt1 fold$ or plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core r small1 r\nd1 regul>1 op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 angul>2 ,fle% yell[1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality v good to be/2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,keswick ,codl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhh4--,,keswick ,,codl+4 ,an old ,engli% v>iety1 :i* has greatly pleas$ ! p ( our c\ntry1 :o f9d x a valuable m>ket & family fruit1 p>ticul>ly desirable 9 ! ,nor? & ,nor?we/4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 an e>ly be>]2 ,%oots bran*+ 9 a peculi> mann]1 d>k4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 conical1 truncat$1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 pale yell[2 ,dots scatt]$1 m9ute4 ,bas9 m$ium1 fold$2 ,eye m$ium to l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 regul>1 br[n$2 ,/em long1 yell[4 ,core l>ge1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>2 ,fle% gre5i% yell[1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality good to v good = its use--cook+2 ,season1 ,augu/ to ,octob]4 ,! fruit may be cook$ 9 ,june4 ,new>k ,pipp94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhi4--,,new>k ,,pipp94 ,orig91 ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree n l>ge1 bru%y1 limbs crook$1 twiggy1 droop+1 n v productive or satisfactory4 ,fruit above m$ium1 oblong1 cyl9drical1 truncat$ v abruptly1 slightly angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[ :5 ripe2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 wide1 regul>2 ,eye l>ge1 op54 ,cavity wide1 regul>2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,core l>ge1 oval or pyri=m1 regul>1 clos$1 clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 angul>1 plump2 ,fle% deep yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic1 ri*1 sprightly2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 dess]t1 cook+2 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,febru>y4 ,a delici\s fruit = amateurs1 b its place is supplant$ by ,grimes' ,gold51 :i* is a mu* bett] tree1 ) fruit ( simil> good qualities1 & bett]4 ,rock ,pipp94 ,,ridge ,,pipp91 ,,lemon1 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bij4--,,rock ,,pipp94 ,?is admirable long-keep] has claims ^u ! att5tion ( ! comm]cial or*>di/1 on acc\nt ( its s\ndness & beauty 9 ! spr+4 ,tree v ?rifty1 l>ge1 productive2 ,bran*es op51 spread+2 ,%oots /\t1 d>k2 ,foliage l>ge1 scatt]$4 ,fruit full m$ium1 oblong1 ovate1 angul>1 (t5 ribb$1 truncate at ! apex1 sometimes unequal2 ,surface v smoo?1 v ri* yell[1 blu%$ bright c>m9e :5 ripe2 ,dots few1 small1 d>k4 ,bas9 %all[1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye small1 %ort1 clos$4 ,cavity acute1 (t5 lipp$2 ,/em m$ium4 ,core m$ium1 pyri=m1 op51 some:at clasp+2 ,se$s num]\s1 long1 br[n2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 r dry2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 ri*2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 m>ket & kit*52 ,season1 ,decemb] to ,may2 ( mo/ value to sell at ! latt] p]iod4 ,cooks well all w9t]4 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bia4--,,yell[ ,,bellfl[]4 ,?is noble & valuable con/itu5t ( our or*>ds came f ,burl+ton ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 :]e x 0 fir/ describ$ by ,coxe4 ,?is apple has succe$$ 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 & has prov$ rem>kably h>dy4 ,! quality ( ! fruit v>ies ) ! soil1 be+ be/ & mo/ highly flavor$ & color$ on expos$ ridges ( r ?9 soil1 :ile ^? on ri* l[ bottoms or prairies are sl[ 9 be>+1 & !n produce v l>ge fruit4 ,! crops1 h[ev]1 are n always satisfactory 9 su* situations1 ?\gh ! trees become v l>ge2 ! blossoms are (t5 de/roy$ by spr+ fro/s4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 h>dy1 l>ge1 spread+1 droop+2 ,twigs sl5d]1 br[n2 ,foliage abundant1 long1 wavy2 ,blossoms v l>ge1 on long /ems1 expos$ to ! wea!r & n protect$ by ! leaves4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 oblong1 ovate1 angul>1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 ri* yell[1 sometimes blu%$2 ,dots scatt]$ gray4 ,bas9 %all[ or mod]ately deep1 plait$ or fold$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute or wide1 wavy2 ,/em long1 curv$4 ,core l>ge1 oval1 op51 clasp+2 ,se$s d>k1 l>ge1 angul>1 imp]fect2 ,fle% yell[1 break+1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy2 ,flavor acid to sub-acid1 aromatic1 v ri* & satisfy+2 ,quality be/2 ,use1 table1 kit*51 m>ket2 ,season1 ,decemb]4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ cul9>y apples 9 ! catalogue4 ,york ,imp]ial4 ,f ! neighborhood ( ,york1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,exhibit$ be=e ! ,/ate ,society at ! meet+ 9 ,lebanon1 #ahee4 ,tree said to be heal?y & productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r oblong1 some:at angul>2 ,surface smoo?1 mix$ bright r$ on gre5i% yell[4 ,bas9 wide1 plait$2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 wide2 ,/em %ort4 ,fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality q good2 ,use1 m>ket1 kit*52 ,season1 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #b4--,,/rip$4 ,clyde ,beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bib4--;,,clyde ,,beauty4 ,orig91 ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 v productive4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 conic1 angul>2 ,sk9 gre5i%1 oily1 spr9kl$ & mottl$ ) dull r$1 & bright r$ 9 ! sun2 ,/em %ort1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 an acute cavity2 ,calyx clos$1 set 9 a small corrugat$ bas92 ,fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy ) a brisk sub-acid flavor2 ,octob] to ,janu>y4--,d[n+4 ,frank or ,*5ango4 ,,*5ango ,,/rawb]ry4 ,?is beautiful apple has be5 call$ also ! ,late ,/rawb]ry4 ,s1 to avoid confusion1 p]haps1 x 7 bett] to adopt its local "n ,frank4 ,x is a native ( ,new ,york4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge oblong1 tap]+1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 beautifully /rip$ on wax5 yell[4 ,bas9 fold$ & plait$1 abrupt2 ,eye m$ium1 clos$4 ,cavity acum9ate2 ,/em m$ium4 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy2 ,flavor sub-acid1 aromatic2 ,quality v good2 ,use1 dess]t2 ,season1 autumn4 ,m9i/]4 ,?is ,new ,engl& apple 0 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,mann+2 :5 he br\ght x be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 x met ) s mu* favor f ! memb]s ( t body t x 0 adopt$ & recomm5d$4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates x has fail$ to give satisfaction & is g5]ally disc>d$1 b fur!r ,nor? x may d z well z 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,9 ,ohio x becomes an autumn apple1 & is only us$ = cook+1 :5 we h pl5ty ( o!rs t are pref]r$4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 e>ly be>]1 & con/antly productive4 ,fruit full m$ium to l>ge1 oblong1 tap]+ to ! eye1 ribb$1 irregul>2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[1 cov]$ bright r$ mix$1 spla%$ c>m9e1 (t5 h&some2 ,dots m9ute4 ,bas9 v n>r[1 fold$1 plait$2 ,eye small1 clos$4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 sometimes br[n2 ,/em long1 sl5d]4 ,fle% yell[i%1 break+1 juicy2 ,flavor acid2 ,quality only good2 ,use1 kit*52 ,season1 ,septemb] & lat]2 n a w9t] fruit 9 latitude =ty4 ,/rip$ ,gillifl[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bic4--,,/rip$ ,,gillifl[]4 ,fruit q l>ge1 oblong1 conical1 truncat$1 ribb$2 ,surface smoo?1 yell[i% :ite1 mix$ r$1 spla%$ c>m9e2 ,dots r>e1 gray4 ,bas9 abrupt1 fold$2 ,eye l>ge1 clos$4 ,cavity wide1 wavy1 br[n2 ,/em %ort1 curv$4 ,core l>ge1 r\nd1 v op51 meet+ ! eye2 ,se$s small1 plump1 black2 ,fle% yell[i% :ite1 break+2 ,flavor sub-acid2 ,quality sc>cely good2 ,use1 m>ket only2 ,season1 ,septemb]4 ,less ribb$ ?an ! ,scallop$ ,gillifl[]4 ,toccoa4 ,f ,toccoa ,falls1 ,hab]%am ,c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,fruit r l>ge1 conical1 irregul> or oblong2 ,sk9 :iti% yell[1 consid]ably %ad$ ) c>m9e1 & spr9kl$ ) a few br[n dots2 ,/em %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 ,calyx p>tially clos$1 set 9 a r l>ge bas92 ,fle% :iti%1 juicy1 t5d]1 pleasant1 mild sub-acid2 ,novemb] to ,febru>y4--,d[n+4 ,p]haps n an e>ly be>]2 my trees1 set six ye>s1 h n yet fruit$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,class ,,iv4--,,oblong ,,apples4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,irregul>4 ,,section #b4--,,s\r4 ,,sub-,,section #c4--,,russet4 ,b\rrassa4 ,=eign4 ,said to d well 9 ! ,nor?2 h se5 x h&some at ,detroit4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblong1 ovate1 some:at angul> & ribb$2 ,surface yell[1 cov]$ lightly ) a ri* r$ russet1 giv+ x an orange hue4 ,bas9 small2 ,eye small1 clos$2 ,segm5ts v long4 ,cavity deep1 acute1 wavy2 ,/em long4 ,fle% :ite or /a9$1 t5d]2 ,flavor acid1 spicy1 aromatic2 ,quality pretty good1 b apt to be t\gh & wilt$2 ,season1 ,novemb] to ,decemb]4 ,n wor? try+ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,,footnotes3 #di ,vide ,horticulturi/ = #ahfa p4 #dj4 #ej ,fall ,butt]1 on page #fgg1 belongs "h4 #ea ,see page #fgj4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,fruit ,,li/s4 ,,e ,,plant] ,,mu/ ,,judge ,,= ,,himself ,,& ,,obs]ve ,,! ,,sorts ,,t ,,succe$ ,,9 ,,8 ,,own ,,neighborhood4 ,,attempts ,,to ,,make ,,li/s ,,= ,,g5]al ,,cultivation ,,abortive4 ,,/ate ,,& ,,regional ,,li/s ,,may ,,approximate ,,usefulness4 ,,s ,,_m ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,mak+ ,a ,,decision4 ,,our ,,ta/es ,,diff]4 ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,li/s ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,pomological ,,society ,,& ,,to ,,^? ,,( ,,local ,,societies4 ,,pres5t ,a ,,few ,,select$ ,,li/s4 ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,h>d9ess ,,is ,,( ,,great ,,int]e/4 ,,li/s ,,( ,,h>dy ,,& ,,t5d] ,,v>ieties4 ,,li/s ,,= ,,cid]4 ,e or*>d plant] :o exam9es ! ext5d$ v>iety ( fruits pres5t$ to him 9 ! books1 & by ! nurs]ym51 mu/ feel greatly emb>rass$ :5 he comes to select ! v>ieties = 8 own or*>ds4 ,almo/ e "o ( ! long li/s is recomm5d$ = "s good quality1 & ! numb] ( be/1 :i* he is apt to conclude means indisp5sable = him1 is wond]fully l>ge4 ,"s p]sons are bewild]$ by ! array pres5t$ 9 ! catalogue1 & fall back ^u _! own sl5d] /ock ( in=mation1 select+ only "o well kn[n v>iety2 b mo/ p]sons commit a f> great] fault by attempt+ to grasp all ! v>ieties t are (f]$ & comm5d$1 :i* is v well = "s "o p]son 9 e region to d4 ,x is a labor ( love = ! b5efit ( 8 fell[ t[nsm52 b x is f> bett] = him :o is ab\t to plant an or*>d1 ei!r l>ge or small1 to det]m9e :i* v>ieties are be/ adapt$ = 8 purposes4 ,= ! small plant]1 :o is provid+ = ! wants ( 8 family1 a numb] ( v>ieties t w rip5 9 succession w be be/1 & ! sorts %\ld be select$ ) reg>d to _! qualities = h\sehold uses4 ,! plant] ( ext5sive comm]cial or*>ds1 on ! contr>y1 w ne$ b a limit$ numb] ( v>ieties1 :i* %\ld be select$ ) a view to ! wants ( ! m>kets he int5ds to supply1 z well z to ! productiv5ess ( ! fruit1 & its ability to be> transportation4 ,:ile x is desirable to h b a few well select$ v>ieties 9 su* an or*>d1 x mu/ be recollect$ t ev5 :5 !re is a g5]al failure ( ! crop1 !re are always "s sorts t be> fruit1 & ?is is an argum5t aga9/ mak+ ! li/ too small4 ,all attempts to make out li/s ( fruits = g5]al cultivation ov] ! great ext5t ( our c\ntry h be5 abortive4 ,/ate & regional li/s are made by ! ,pomological & o!r societies1 :i* are useful 9 r5d]+ approximate in=mation2 b1 at la/1 e plant] %\ld obs]ve ! fruits t succe$ 9 8 own neighborhood1 & ^u soil simil> to 8 own1 & select 8 v>ieties = plant+ accord+ly4 ,9 mak+ up our judgm5t ( ! excell5ce ( a fruit1 !re are _m elem5ts t ent] into ! "q ( :at con/itutes a good apple1 & s mu* dep5ds ^u ! ta/es ( ! individuals :o h ! "q to decide1 t at la/ e "o is left to make up 8 own m9d z to :at w be be/ = 8 p>ticul> case4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 _m ye>s ago1 attempt$ to make out li/s t w\ld be applicable to ! :ole c\ntry1 b x 0 v soon discov]$ t _! recomm5dations 7 by no means ( univ]sal application1 & t :at 0 valuable 9 "o section 0 wor?less 9 ano!r4 ,! ,/ate & local societies took up ! "w1 & ! result ( _! labors has be5 ( great value to p]sons simil>ly situat$4 ,9 "s ,/ates1 regions1 ) peculi> soils & diff]5t und]ly+ rocks1 7 f\nd to be m or less fitt$ = ! production ( diff]5t v>ieties1 & p>tial or local li/s h be5 made out ^u ?is pr9ciple4 ,! great] value ( ! data ?us obta9$ comm5d$ itself to ! ,national ,society1 :i* has s9ce collat$ ^! li/s s f> z possible 9 a tabul> =m1 :i* %[s ! relative appreciation 9 :i* _m v>ieties are held 9 ! sev]al regions t h report$2 to ^! ! read] is ref]r$4#eb ,at pres5t ,i propose to pres5t a few li/s :i* h be5 giv5 by em95t pomologi/s1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z ! result ( _! ext5d$ obs]vations1 & applicable 9 _! sev]al di/ricts4 ,h5ry ,little & o!rs recomm5d = ,ma9e3 ,baldw91 ,blue ,pe>ma91 ,b\gh1 ,danv]s1 ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh1 ,fameuse1 ,gold5 ,ball1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,grav5/e91 ,hubb>d/on1 ,jewett's ,f9e ,r$1 ,m9i/]1 ,"m1 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,port]1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,rib/one ,pipp91 ,roxbury ,russet1 ,sops ( ,w9e1 ,tallman ,sweet1 ,v&]v]e 7,newt[n ,spitz5b]g71 ,v]mont1 ,williams' ,favorite1 ,w9?rop4 ,! foll[+ li/ 0 furni%$ by ,c4 ,goodri* = ,v]mont3 ,baldw91 ,b\gh1 ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g1 ,grav5/e91 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,port]1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,roxbury ,russet4 ,recomm5d$ by ,?omas ,hancock = ,new ,j]sey3 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet1 ,b\gh1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,hagloe1 ,juneat+1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,monm\? ,pipp91 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,summ] ,rose1 ,/rip$ ,h>ve/1 ,tewksbury ,blu%1 ,:ite ,seek-no-fur!r4 ,wm4 ,p>ry1 ( ,burl+ton ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 an excell5t judge ( m>ket qualities1 recomm5ds1 aft] ?or\gh trial1 ! foll[+ = pr(it3 ,ba*elor's ,blu%1 ,b\gh1 ,hagloe1 ,maid5's ,blu%4 ,jno4 ,diehl gave ?is li/ z desirable = ,delaw>e3 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,baldw91 ,b\gh1 ,caleb1 ,danv]s' ,w9t]1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,e>ly ,r$ ,m>g>et1 ,e>ly ,r$ ,/reak1 ,engli% ,russet1 ,fallawat]1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,gilp91 ,gre5+1 ,h]e=d%ire ,pe>ma91 ,lady1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,rambo1 ,roman ,/em1 ,smokeh\se1 ,summ] ,gold5 ,pipp91 ,summ] ,que51 ,:ite ,juneat+1 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,mr4 ,robey1 ( ,fr$]icksburgh1 recomm5ds = t "p ( ,virg9ia3 ,abram1 ,baltimore ,pipp91 ,b[l+ ,sweet1 ,brooke's ,pipp91 ,c>t]1 ,g>d51 ,gl\ce/] ,:ite1 ,gre5 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,hollady1 ,ladies' ,favorite1 ,lea!r ,coat1 ,limb]twig1 ,milam1 ,ogleby1 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,ca!ad1 ,rob]son's ,:ite1 ,russet 7871 ,spice 7,va471 ,/rawn's ,se$l+1 ,summ] ,*eese1 ,summ] ,gold5 ,pipp91 ,v&]v]e1 ,waugh's ,crab1 ,w9esap1 ,w9t] ,*eese1 ,w9t] ,que54 ,daniel ,k4 ,und]wood1 ,mi*igan1 gives ! foll[+ ext5d$ catalogue3 ,,summ]4 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,e>ly ,joe1 ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,sweet ,b\gh1 ,s9e-qua-non1 ,summ] ,que51 ,summ] ,rose4 ,,autumn4 ,alex&]1 ,daniel1 ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh1 ,dy]1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fameuse1 ,grav5/e91 ,hawley1 ,j]sey ,sweet1 ,keswick ,codl+1 ,late ,/rawb]ry1 ,port]1 ,rambo1 ,cayuga ,r$ ,/reak1 ,fall ,w9e4 ,,w9t]4 ,baldw91 ,belmont1 ,black ,detroit1 ,blue ,pe>ma91 ,b\rrassa1 ,corni% ,gillifl[]1 ,dom9e1 ,engli% ,russet1 ,esopus1 ,gre5 ,newt[n1 ,gold5 ,russet1 ,h]e=d%ire1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,jona?an1 ,ladies' ,sweet+1 ,lady1 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,peck's ,pleasant1 ,r$ ,canada1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,roxbury1 ,swa>1 ,/one1 ,tw5ty ,ounce ,pipp91 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,v&]v]e 7,newt[n ,spitz5b]g71 ,we/field1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,j4,d4,g4 ,nelson1 ,presid5t ( ! ,indiana ,/ate ,society1 an ext5sive or*>di/ at ,=t ,wayne1 pres5t$ ! foll[+ li/ z ! result ( long exp]i5ce 9 ,nor!rn ,indiana3 ,,summ]4 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 less pr(itable4 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 less pr(itable4 ,du*ess ( ,old5burgh1 m pr(itable4 ,keswick ,codl+1 m pr(itable4 ,sweet ,b\gh4 ,high-top ,sweet1 = pr(it4 ,,fall4 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,port]1 ,rambo1 ,tr5ton ,e>ly1 ,dy]1 ,l[ell1 ,hawley1 ,gold5 ,sweet4 ,,w9t] ,,apples ,,= ,,ext5sive ,,cultivation ,,= ,,m>ket4 ,,d>k4--,b5 ,davis1 #ejj trees4 ,smi?'s ,cid]1 #cjj trees4 ,j]sey ,black1 #bjj trees4 ,,light4--,belmont1 ne$ c>eful h&l+ ,wag5]1 ne$ c>eful h&l+ ,yell[ ,bellfl[]1 ne$ c>eful h&l+ ,,sweet4--,b5tley ,sweet1 keeps well4 ,london ,sweet1 keeps well4 ,talman ,sweet1 keeps well4 ,,amateur ,,li/4 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet1 ,ev5+ ,p>ty1 ,k+ ( ,tompk9s ,c\nty1 ,swa>1 ,newt[n ,pipp94 ,dr4 ,cornett1 ( ,v]sailles1 ,indiana1 advis$ to plant ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,bohanon1 ,c>ol9a ,r$ ,june1 ,coop]1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fall ,w9e1 ,gold5 ,russet 7,am]ican871 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,rambo1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,messrs4 ,lawy]1 ( ,s\? ,pass1 ,union ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 recomm5ds ( #a1jjj trees = pr(it3 #bej ,b5 ,davis1 #ajj ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 #ej ,nickajack1 #ej ,pryor's ,r$1 #aej ,rawle's ,janet1 #aej ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 #ej ,rome ,beauty1 #ej ,smi?'s ,cid]1 #ej ,:ite ,pipp91 #ajj ,w9esap4 ,p>k] ,e>le1 ,presid5t ( ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 an intellig5t fruit cultivator 9 ! ,s\!rn portion ( t ,/ate 7call$ ,egypt71 recomm5ds ! foll[+ li/ z be+ well adapt$ = pr(it3 ,b5 ,davis1 ,buck+ham1 ,c>ol9a ,r$ ,june1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,jona?an1 ,keswick ,codl+1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,rambo1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,:ite ,pipp91 ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,hampton1 ,h>d9 ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 recomm5ds = a select li/ ( w9t] apples3 ,broadwell1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,mi*ael ,h5ry1 ,ortley1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,se$l+ ,j]sey ,sweet1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]1 ,yell[ ,newt[n ,pipp94 ,h4,b4 ,sp5c]1 ( ,rockport1 ,cuyahoga ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 recomm5ds ! foll[+3 ,baldw91 ,baltimore1 ,belmont1 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g1 ,peck's ,pleasant1 ,r$ ,canada1 ,roxbury ,russet4 ,mr4 ,g4,w4 ,dean1 ( ,wel%field1 ,geauga ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 gives ! foll[+ li/ ( t53 ,baldw91 ,baltimore1 ,canada ,r$1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,ladies' ,sweet+1 ,peck's ,pleasant1 ,rambo1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,swa>1 ,we/field ,seek-no-fur!r4 ,recomm5d$ by ,m4,b4 ,bateham1 ,secret>y ,ohio ,pomological ,society1 = ! ,c5tral & ,s\!rn portion ( ! ,/ate3 ,,summ]4 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,b\gh1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,e>ly ,p5nock1 ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry1 ,gold5 ,sweet+1 ,high-top ,sweet1 ,keswick ,codl+1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,summ] ,que51 ,tet(ski4 ,,autumn4 ,coop]1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,grav5/e91 ,j]sey ,sweet1 ,l[ell1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,ohio ,nonp>eil1 ,orange ,sweet1 ,rambo1 ,smokeh\se4 ,,w9t]4 ,bullock's ,pipp91 ,dom9e1 ,fallawat]1 ,london ,sweet1 ,milam1 ,m\nt ,pleasant ,sweet1 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,smi?'s ,cid]1 ,tallman1 ,we/]n ,spy1 ,:ite ,pipp91 ,will[1 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,select li/s f ,h4,n4 ,gillett = ,s\!rn ,ohio1 ,we/]n ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky3 ,,summ] ,,v>ieties4 ,b5oni1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,e>ly ,*&l]1 ,primate1 ,p\nd ,royal1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,summ] ,rose1 ,summ] ,que51 ,summ] ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,s9e-qua-non4 ,,fall ,,v>ieties4 ,corse's ,favorite1 ,coop]1 ,favorite1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fall ,w9e1 ,fallawat]1 ,grav5/e91 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,k+ ( ,pipp9s1 ,port]4 ,,w9t] ,,v>ieties4 ,b5 ,davis1 ,black ,coal1 ,broadwell1 ,buck+ham ,autumn1 ,bullock's ,pipp91 ,c>ol9a ,r$ ,nickajack81 ,defiance1 ,h>rison1 ,hewes' ,crab1 ,lady1 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,c$>1 ,rol5's ,keep]1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,roxbury ,russet1 ,smi?'s ,cid]1 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,by ,h5ry ,heffleb[]1 an ext5sive or*>di/ at ,montclovia1 ,lucas ,c\nty1 ,ohio3 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet1 ,baldw91 ,bellfl[]1 ,belmont1 ,b\gh1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fallawat]1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,k+ ( ,tompk9s1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,none ,su*1 ,port]1 ,primate1 ,rambo1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,smokeh\se1 ,summ] ,que51 ,summ] ,rose1 ,swa>1 ,sweet ,bellfl[]1 ,tall[ ,pipp91 ,tw5ty ,ounce4 ,,h>dy ,,& ,,t5d]4 ,aft] ! sad exp]i5ces 9 _m portions ( ! ,nor?we/1 :]e 9 "s sev]e w9t]s :ole or*>ds ( trees & ext5sive nurs]ies 7 ru9$ by ! cold1 x has become a mo/ important "q = plant]s to ask :e!r ! v>ieties recomm5d$ are h>dy4 ,! te/imony ( "s ( our be/ obs]v]s has be5 collect$1 & w be ( value1 ?\gh x may be obs]v$ t !re is "s discrepancy z to c]ta9 sorts4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( h>dy & t5d] v>ieties 0 prep>$ by ,reub5 ,ragan1 ,putnam ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 & has s9ce be5 c>efully revis$4 ,soil a ri* argillace\s loam on lime /one3 ,,t5d]4 ,baldw91 ,bullock's ,pipp91 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,esopus1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,grav5/e91 ,mi*ael ,h5ry1 99,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,ortley1 ,pryor's ,r$1 ,rambo1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 99,roxbury ,russet1 99,summ] ,que54 99 ,^! suff]$ 9 ! nurs]y especially4 ,,h>dy4 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,c>ol9a ,june 7,r$71 ,c>ol9a ,june 7,/rip$71 ,*ronicle1 ,danv]s' ,w9t] ,sweet1 ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry1 ,fall ,que51 ,fall ,w9e1 ,f>ley ,r$1 ,hannah1 ,hoops1 ,horse1 ,lewis 7( ,ragan71 ,mc,affee1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,p5nock1 ,pott+]1 ,presid5t1 ,prie/ley1 ,ragan's ,r$1 ,r$ ,a/ra*an1 ,r$ ,/reak1 ,rome ,beauty1 ,s9e-qua-non1 ,transport1 ,v&]v]e ,pipp91 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]1 ,yell[ ,juneat+4 ,a4,l4 ,b5$ict1 ( ,monroe ,c\nty1 has tak5 great pa9s 9 mak+ out li/s ( ^? t 7 entirely de/roy$1 p>tially injur$1 & slightly affect$ by ! t]ribly sev]e w9t] ( #ahee-f3 ,,entirely ,,de/roy$4 ,baldw9 ,sweet1 ,blue ,pe>ma91 ,*eeseboro ,russet1 ,egg ,top1 ,engli% ,russet1 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fr5* ,pipp91 ,l[re ,que51 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,r$ ,juneat+1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,rob9son1 ,romanite1 ,spice ,sweet+1 ,w+ ,sweet1 ,yell[ ,v&]v]e4 ,,p>tially ,,injur$4 ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet1 ,belmont1 ,black1 ,b\gh1 ,butt]1 ,colv]t1 ,detroit ,black1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,fall ,w9e1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,gray ,v&]v]e1 ,hoops1 ,kaighn's ,spitz5b]g1 ,london ,w9t] ,sweet1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,ortley1 ,peck's ,pleasant1 ,p5nock1 ,p9e1 ,rambo1 ,r>itan ,sweet1 ,roxbury ,russet1 ,scallop ,gillifl[]1 ,/reak$ ,v&]v]e1 ,swa>1 ,sweet ,gillifl[]1 ,tift's ,sweet1 ,tulpehock51 ,:ite ,pipp91 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,,h>dy ,,or ,,b ,,slightly ,,injur$4 ,be?lemite1 ,black ,gillifl[]1 ,blockley1 ,gloria ,mundi1 ,gr9d/one1 ,h>rison 7,new>k ,k+71 ,j]sey ,k+1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,may1 ,molasses1 ,p5nsylvania ,r$ ,/reak1 ,p\nd ,pipp91 ,pumpk9 ,sweet1 ,r$ ,w9t] ,sweet1 ,roman ,/em1 ,sa9t ,lawr5ce1 ,san]'s ,e>ly ,sweet1 ,summ] ,que51 ,summ] ,rose1 ,sweet ,v&]v]e1 ,tallman ,sweet1 ,we/field ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,:ite ,rambo1 ,:itmore's ,sweet+1 ,yell[ ,newt[n ,pipp94 ,m4,l4 ,com/ock1 ( ,i[a1 gives ! foll[+ li/ ( apples t are f\nd to be t5d] 9 t region3 ,baldw91 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g1 ,fall ,pipp91 ,fameuse1 ,grav5/e91 ,gold5 ,russet1 ,hubb>d/on1 ,jona?an1 ,ladies' ,sweet1 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,peck's ,pleasant1 ,pomme ,grise1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,canada1 ,rhode ,isl& ,gre5+1 ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma94 ,f4,w4 ,l&on1 ,janesville1 ,wiscons91 ?9k+ ! h>dy li/ w\ld be too long1 gives ! foll[+ z t5d]3 ,autumn ,/rawb]ry1 ,baldw91 ,clo? ( ,gold1 ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry1 ,esopus ,spitz5b]g1 ,lady1 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g1 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,norton's ,melon1 ,we/field ,seek-no-fur!r4 ,j4,c4 ,brayton1 ,azatlan1 ,wiscons91 gives ! foll[+ li/ ( h>dy & valuable fruits = ! ri* l&s 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate3 ,,summ]4 ,am]ican ,summ] ,pe>ma91 ,b5oni1 ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 ,e>ly ,p5nock1 ,e>ly ,r$1 ,fall ,/ripe1 ,high-top ,sweet4 ,,autumn4 ,bailey ,sweet1 ,fall ,orange1 ,fall ,w9esap1 ,fameuse1 ,late ,/rawb]ry1 ,r$ ,/reak1 ,roseau1 ,sa9t ,lawr5ce1 ,sweet ,pe>1 ,tr5ton ,e>ly1 ,utt]'s ,l>ge1 ,:ite ,gillifl[]4 ,,w9t]4 ,broadwell1 ,dom9e1 ,flu%+ ,spitz5b]g1 ,gold5 ,russet1 ,hoops8 ,limb]twig1 ,nor!rn ,spy1 ,p]ry ,russet1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,r$ ,spitz5b]g1 ,tallman's ,sweet1 ,wag5]1 ,we/field ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,:ite ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 ,w9esap1 ,yell[ ,bellfl[]4 ,,h>dy1 ,,if ,,top-,,graft$4 ,autumn ,swa>1 ,belmont1 ,engli% ,russet1 ,fulton1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,h]e=d%ire ,pe>ma91 ,jona?an1 ,l[ell1 ,maid5's ,blu%1 ,r$ ,june1 ,sops ( ,w9e4 ,,sweet ,,apples ,,= ,,bak+ ,,& ,,= ,,/ock ,,fe$+4 ,) _m p]sons ! consumption ( sweet apples becomes an important item ( h\sehold economy2 = ! fe$+ & fatt5+ ( /ock sweet apples h des]v$ly attract$ ! att5tion ( intellig5t f>m]s1 & !y may yet be mu* m ext5sively plant$ 9 _m places :]e ! l& is n well adapt$ to ! production ( gra9 & o!r /aple crops = ! support ( man & ! animals "u 8 c>e4 ,) a view to aid ! plant] ! foll[+ li/s h be5 collat$3 ,sweet apples to be plant$ = /ock fe$+4 ,recomm5d$ by ,t4,s4 ,humrickh\se1 ( ,co%octon1 ,ohio1 9 ,ohio ,cultivator1 vol4 ,,vi1 page #bhc3 ,,summ]4 99,dul+ ,sweet1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 99,j]sey ,sweet1 ,pumpk9 ,sweet1 ,r$ & ,gre5 ,sweet1 ,summ] ,sweet1 99,summ] ,sweet ,p>adise1 99,sweet ,b\gh4 99 ,my fri5ds write t !y w\ld h pref]r$ m ( ^! sorts1 & t !y plant$ su* trees z 7 at h& at t "t4 ,,autumn4 99,haskell ,sweet1 99,k9sey's ,sweet1 ,lyman's ,pumpk91 ,ramsdell's1 ,spice ,sweet1 99,sup]b ,sweet4 99 ,my fri5ds write t !y w\ld h pref]r$ m ( ^! sorts1 & t !y plant$ su* trees z 7 at h& at t "t4 ,,w9t]4 ,baldw9 ,sweet1 ,broadwell1 ,butt] ,sweet1 99,danv]s' ,w9t]1 ,honey ,sweet+1 99,ladies' ,sweet+1 ,late ,p\nd ,sweet1 ,may1 ,mc,kay's ,favorite1 99,phillips' ,sweet+1 99,tallman's ,sweet+1 ,wells' ,sweet+1 ,w9t] ,sweet+4 99 ,my fri5ds write t !y w\ld h pref]r$ m ( ^! sorts1 & t !y plant$ su* trees z 7 at h& at t "t4 ,,also1 ,,less ,,kn[n1 ,acid ,sweet1 ,akeson's ,sweet1 ,beauty ( ! ,we/1 ,ca% ,sweet1 ,*>lotte ,sweet1 ,climb ,sweet1 ,l+ ,sweet1 ,london ,sweet1 ,m]ritt's ,sweet1 ,mt4 ,pleasant ,sweet1 ,morgan's ,favorite1 ,r$ ,sweet ,pipp91 ,/one ,sweet4 ,plant$ by ,a4,l4 ,b5$ict1 ,morr[ ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 9 a lot to be devot$ to hogs4 ,! numb]s ( ea* might be v>i$3 #b ,b\gh1 #c ,gold5 ,sweet199 #f ,j]sey ,sweet199 #af ,may ( ,my]s1 #aj ,moore's ,sweet+1 #cb ,pumpk9 ,sweet1 #h ,r>itan ,sweet1 #ag ,spice ,sweet1 #a ,tift's ,sweet1 #ai ,tallman ,sweet1 #cj ,:itmore ,sweet1 #ad ,w+ ,sweet4 99 ,my fri5ds write t !y w\ld h pref]r$ m ( ^! sorts1 & t !y plant$ su* trees z 7 at h& at t "t4 ,l4 ,hampton's li/#ec = a succession ?r\gh ! ye>3 ,b5tley ,sweet1 ,b\gh1 ,broadwell1 ,fall ,sweet1 ,f$]al ,sweet1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,hightop ,sweet1 ,honey ,gre5+1 ,k5tucky ,sweet1 ,p>adise ,w9t]1 ,sc>let ,sweet1 ,simpson's1 ,smi?'s ,sweet1 ,sweet ,favorite1 ,w9t] ,sweet4 ,= ,ill9ois1 by ,w4 ,cutt]1 9 ,prairie ,f>m]3 ,broadwell1 ,gold5 ,sweet1 ,p>adise ,w9t]1 ,ramsdell ,sweet1 ,sweet ,june1 ,sweet ,nonesu*4 ,sweet apples arrang$ 9 succession = /ock4 ,^? m>k$ ,t4 are also f9e = ! dess]t2 ^? m>k$ ,b4 are sup]ior = bak+3 ,hightop1 ,b4 ,b\gh1 ,t4 ,gold5 ,sweet+1 ,b4 ,victuals & ,dr9k1 ,b4 ,t4 ,j]sey ,sweet1 ,lyman's ,pumpk91 ,b4 ,bailey ,sweet1 ,b4 ,t4 ,ramsdell's1 ,b4 ,mote's ,sweet1 ,b4 ,t4 ,/illwat] ,sweet+1 ,b4 ,higby ,sweet1 ,b4 ,dr4 ,watson1 ,t4 ,molasses1 ,fall ,que51 ,b4 ,t4 ,buck+ham1 ,baltimore1 ,fallawat]1 ,mi*ael ,h5ry1 ,broadwell1 ,t4 ,b4 ,sweet ,bellfl[]1 ,sweet ,janet1 ,b4 ,london ,sweet1 ,b4 ,w9t] ,sweet ,p>adise1 ,t4 ,b4 ,j]sey ,black1 ,ladies' ,sweet+1 ,t4 ,b4 ,tallman's1 ,b4 ,holton's1 ,moore's ,sweet+1 ,gilp91 ,campfield1 ,sweet ,v&]v]e1 ,r$ ,w9t] ,pe>ma91 ,swa>1 ,black ,gillifl[]4 ,9 giv+ selections ( ,cid] ,apples ,i w beg9 ) ! vet]an ,coxe's li/3 ,am]ican ,pipp91 ,campfield1 ,coop]'s ,russet+1 ,gl\ce/] ,:ite1 ,gold5 ,re9ette1 ,hagloe ,crab1 ,h>rison1 ,hewes' ,crab1 ,h\se1 or ,gray-,h\se1 ,r$ ,/reak1 ,roane's ,:ite ,crab1 ,ruckman's ,pe>ma91 ,/yre1 ,w9esap4 ,a select li/ ( ,cid] ,apples t may be f\nd 9 _m collections1 all good be>]s3 ,campfield1 ,gilp91 ,h>rison1 ,hewes' ,crab1 ,newt[n ,pipp91 ,prie/ley1 ,rawle's ,janet1 ,waugh's ,crab1 ,w9esap4 ,,footnotes3 #eb ,see ,reports ( ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 #ec ,ohio ,cultivator1 vol4 ,,vi1 page #bfi4 ,,catalogue ,,& ,,index ,,( ,,apples4 ,,explanation4 ,! fir/ column pres5ts ! "n ( ! apple1 next its size1 !n its orig92 or1 if 9 brackets1 ! place :]e ! v>iety is cultivat$ & 0 f\nd4 ,! ,roman num]als indicate ! ,class & ,ord] to :i* x is ref]r$1 & ! ,arabics1 ! ,section & ,sub-section1 accord+ to ! classification adopt$ 9 ?is "w4 ,aft] ?is comes ! season ( maturity1 ,summ]1 ,autumn1 ,w9t]1 ,spr+1 & ! e/imate ( quality1 f v be/1 be/1 v good1 good2 good8 mean+ almo/ good2 poor8 mean+ r s1 & la/ pla9ly poor1 :5 consid]$ decid$ly inf]ior4 ,! names ( v>ieties describ$ 9 ?is volume are giv5 9 full fac$ type1 ) ref]5ce to ! pages1 :ile synonyms are pr9t$ 9 ,italics4 ,abbreviations w expla9 !mselves4 ,key3 small3 sm4 m$ium3 m$4 f4 ,m$ium3 f4m4 l>ge3 lg4 v l>ge3 v4g4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,"n4 ,size ,orig4 ,class4 ,season4 ,quality ,p4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,abbot ,sweet lg4 ,n4,h4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,abram sm4 ,va48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #dai ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,adams lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,agnes sm4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,ailes lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,akeson's ,w9t] ,sweet ,s\? ,w9t] ,alabama ,w9t] ,ala4 ,w9t] ,albem>le lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,alex&] lg4 ,russ4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #eaj ,alex&] lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,all5's ,pipp9 m$4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,all5's ,sweet+ m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,all ,summ] ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,all ,summ] ,sweet+ ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] ,allum m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,alsace ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,amb] ,crab sm4 ,eur4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,am]ican ,beauty lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,am]ican ,black sm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t'r8 good ,am]ican ,black m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,am4 ,gold5 ,pipp9 m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fcf ,am4 ,gold5 ,russet m$4 ,am4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,e4 ,w9t4 ,be/ #eba ,am]ican ,m>ygold ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn ,am]ican ,pipp9 sm4 ,am4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor #dbj ,am4 ,sum4 ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,n4,j4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] be/ #ehb ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,angle ,sweet m$4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dgf ,anglo-,am]ican m$4 ,c4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,annette sm4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,apple ,butt] sm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,aromatic m$4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,aromatic lg4 ,c>4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,a%l& lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,a%more m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #eff ,a%more ,/rip$ m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,augu/ ,ohio ,summ] good ,augu/9e lg4 ,am4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] poor ,augu/ ,/ripe m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,augu/ ,t>t m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #ejd ,augu/ ,v&]v]e lg4 7,ind47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] poor ,aunt ,anna m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,aunt ,hannah lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,aunt's ,apple lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,autumnal ,b\gh m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,autumnal ,p>adise ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,autumn ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,synonym ( ,dr4 ,watson4 ,autumn ,swa>1 see ,fall ,swa> ( ! ,we/ ,autumnal ,sweet lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,autumnal ,sw4 ,swa>lg4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #dga ,autumn ,pe>ma9 m$4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,autumn ,sweet ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,av]ill lg4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,baccal9us sm4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good #ehc ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,ba*elor is ,equ9eteley4 ,ba*elor's ,blu% lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,badg]'s ,bellfl[] lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,ba] sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ v4gd4 ,bagby ,russet1 ,synonym ( ,egyptian ,russet4 ,bailey's ,gold5 lg4 ,ma9e ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good #ffe ,bailey's ,spice m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,bailey's ,sweet lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fcc ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,bake ,apple sm4 7,n4,y47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,bak] ,p5n8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,bak]'s ,sweet m$4 ,conn ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,baldw9 lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dba ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,baldw91 ,n4,c4 lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,baldw9 ,sweet lg4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,baltimore1 ,synonym ( ,mammo? ,pipp94 ,baltimore1 m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #cia 7,elliott7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,baltzley ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,b>b\r m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 good ,b>rett m$4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,b>s lg4 ,r4,i4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,b>tlett1 ,synonym ( ,prie/ley4 ,b>ton ,p5n4 ,basom ,sweet ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,bassett ,sweet sm4 ,ohio4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,ba/>d ,g5eton1 ,synonym ( ,wright's ,janet4 ,battlefield ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,be>d's ,se$l+ m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,beauf9 ,norfolk m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,beauty ( ,k5t lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn only gd#ehd ,beauty ( ! ,we/ lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,b$=d%ire ,f\ndl+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,beef/eak m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,beel]'s ,russet m$47,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] be/ #fba ,belle et ,bonne lg4 ,conn4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,beld5 ,sweet sm4 ,conn8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ebf ,bellfl[] ,pipp9 lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,belmont lg4 ,va4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 be/ #ebi ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,b5 or ,eu/is lg4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,b5 ,davis lg4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ehe ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,b5 ,h>ris ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,b5oni sm4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] be/ #fej ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,b5tley ,sweet lg4 ,va48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ good #eeh ,b]kely ,r$ ,s\? ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,b]ry lg4 ,va48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #dhf ,be?lemite m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#dbc ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,betsey's ,fancy m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,bett] ?an ,good m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #djj ,bevan's ,favorite m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,bev]ley ,r$ ,big ,hill1 ,synonym ( ,pryor's ,r$4 ,big ,rambo1 ,synonym ( ,we/]n ,beauty4 ,big ,r$ ,sweet ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,bigg]'s ,late ,r$ ,s\? ,birm+ham m$4 ,p5n8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,black1 ,synonym ( ,j]sey ,black4 ,black's ,annette m$4 7,ky47 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] v4 good ,blackburn lg4 ,ky48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #ehf ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,black ,canada m$4 ,c48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t8 good ,black ,coal lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t]8 good8 ,black ,detroit lg4 ,c4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,black ,eyes4 ,synonym ( ,*eese4 ,black ,gillifl[] lg4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ poor #ffb ,black ,jack sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,black ,lady ,apple sm4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,black ( ,mi*igan m$4 ,c48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,black%e> ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,black's ,late ,sweet ,s\? ,w9t] ,black ,tom m$4 ,md4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,blakeley lg4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,bl$soe m$4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #efh ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,bl5heim ,orange m$4 ,eng4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,blockley lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4gd4 #dgh ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,blockley ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,blockley4 ,blond9 lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #dbd ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,bloom+ ,orange lg4 ,eng4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dbd ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,bloom+ton m$4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,blue ,bloom m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,blue ,pe>ma9 lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,bluff ,sweet m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #edh ,boalsburgh lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fge ,boas or ,kelt] ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,bohanon m$4 ,va48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#djj ,bonum m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dbd ,boravitski m$4 ,russ4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] poor ,borsdorff] sm4 ,g]m4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,bo/on ,russet1 ,synonym ( ,roxbury4 ,b\gh lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] v4 good#dia ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,b\rrassa lg4 ,eur48 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] poor #fig ,b[back ,sweet ,ohio ,b[k] m$4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,b[l+ ,sweet m$4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eei ,brabant ,bellfl[] lg4 ,holl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,brace's ,seek-no-fur!r1 ,synonym ( ,:ite ,seek-no-fur!r4 ,brack5 sm4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] v4 good#dgh ,brad=d's ,be/ ,br&yw9e m$4 ,del4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #dbe ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,br5naman lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#fea ,brigg's ,auburn m$4 ,me4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good ,brittle ,sweet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#fcd ,broadwell lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] be/ #edi ,brooke's ,pipp9 lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fcg ,br[n's ,sup]ior lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,bruce lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,bu*anan's m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 #dbf ,buck+ham lg4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ecg ,buck ,mead[ lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,buck's ,c\nty lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 8 good ,buff v4l4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #dhf ,buff+ton's ,e>ly sm4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,bu% lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#efh ,bu%'s ,beauty m$4 ,ohio8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,bullock's ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,am]ican ,gold5 ,russet4 ,butt] sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good #cib ,butt] lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,butt] m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,butt] lg4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,butt] ,sweet ,button ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,button ,core m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,by]'s1 ,synonym ( ,equ9etelee4 ,caba%ea lg4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,cab9 m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,ca*e m$47,ills7 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,cake m$4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,caleb m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #edi ,calville ,:ite ,w9t] m$4 ,fr4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,camack ,sweet m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 #eha ,campfield m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ poor #chb ,canada ,black lg4 ,c48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,canada ,r$ lg4 ,c48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ ,canada ,re9ette lg4 ,eur48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#dgi ,cane ,creek ,sweet+ ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,cann lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,canon m$4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn ,canon ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,va4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #fgf ,capital m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ehg ,capron's ,pleasant m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,c>bage lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 poor ,c>ey's ,pipp9 lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,c>mell ,sweet ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,c>nahan's ,favorite lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,c>nation m$4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn be/ ,c>ol9a ,baldw9 lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dbg ,c>ol9a ,gre5+ ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,c>ol9a ,horse lg4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,c>ol9a ,pipp9 lg4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,c>ol9a ,r$ ,june sm4 ,n4,c4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #fff ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,c>ol9a ,russet m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,l4 ,w9t4v4 good ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,c>ol9a ,/rip$ sm4 ,n4,c48 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,june ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,c>ol9e m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,c>ol9e ,watson ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,c>p5t]'s ,no4 #a m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,c>t] m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ehg ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,c>t]1 ,synonym ( ,patton4 ,c>t] ,n4,c4 ,w9t] ,c>t]'s ,blue ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,c>v] ,c>y's ,summ] lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #ehh ,ca% ,sweet m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,catal+ ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,ca!ad ,sweet lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,catl9e sm4 ,md4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,cat's-head lg4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,cattel sm4 ,ohio ,autumn good ,cattell4 ,synonym ( ,ohio ,nonp>eil4 ,cayuga ,r$/reak lg4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #eaj ,caywood m$4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 ,cele/ia lg4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn be/ #ecj ,c5t]s ,n4,c4 ,*all5ge m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#dgb ,*ampla9 lg4 7,vt47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #fcg ,*&l] lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,*>lotte ,sweet ,*attahoo*ie ,gre5+ ,ga4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,*eese m$4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #dbg ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,*eese lg4 7,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,*eeseboro lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor #ebb ,*elt5ham ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,*]okee ,r$ ,s\? ,*]ry ,crab sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,*e/atee ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,*e/] m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4good ,*e/] ,r$ ,s\48 ,*illico! lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,*illico! ,r$/reak lg4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,*ri/iana m$4 ,del4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4gd4 ,*ronicle m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 #feb ,*ur*hill ,gre5+ lg4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,cl>k's ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,cl>k's ,gre5+ ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,cl>k's ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eaa ,claybank m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good ,clayton lg4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eaa ,climb ,sweet ,close ,set1 7,l9dsley7 m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,clo? ( ,gold lg4 ,eur4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,cl\d ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,clu/] sm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,clu/] ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ehi ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,clyde ,beauty lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fid ,codl+ ,keswick1 ,synonym ( ,keswick4 ,coe ,coggswell lg4 ,mass8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ehi ,cole lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] poor ,cole's ,qu9ce m$4 ,mass8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,columbia ,columbian ,russet sm4 ,s\48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#fbb ,columbus ,r$ m$4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,colv]t lg4 ,n4,y48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #dbg ,companion ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,conant's ,r$ m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #cic ,congress ,connett ,sweet m$4 ,ind48 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #cid ,conrad's ,eat+ 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,conway m$4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,cook's ,favorite m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,cook's ,gre5+ lg4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,cook's ,r$ ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,coop] lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn be/ #dbh ,coop]'s ,e>ly ,:itesm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,coop]'s ,m>ket m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eac ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,coop]'s ,r$l+1 ,synonym ( ,coop]'s ,m>ket4 ,copp]'s ,russet+ sm4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,cope's ,r$ ,sweet sm4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,cope's ,sweet sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,cornell's ,fancy m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,cornfield ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,cornfield m$4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #dja ,corni% ,aromatic m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#efi ,corni% ,gillifl[] m$4 ,engl4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,corse's ,favorite ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,cos lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,c\rt ( ,wyck sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #fbc ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,c\rt ,p5du ,plat m$4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] gd4 ,crack+ lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #dja ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,cranb]ry ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #djb ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,cranb]ry ,russet m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #dia ,craw=d's ,keep] m$4 ,son48 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] gd4 #ffg ,creighton sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,crib sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 ,crook$ ,limb1 ,synonym ( ,watson's ,dumpl+4 ,cropsey's ,favoritem$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eij ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,cr['s ,egg m$4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 ,cr['s ,egg ,s\? ,cr[ne/ lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good #fbd ,cullasaga m$4 ,s4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eei ,culla:ee ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,cullod5 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,culp lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #dhj ,cumb]l& ,spice lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ffh ,curtis ,gre5+ m$4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ffh ,curtis ,pipp9 m$4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,curtis ,sweet lg4 8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,dahlonega ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,dalton ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 #djb ,dana sm4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #dhg ,daniel m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#eia ,dan4 ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eia ,danv]s' ,w9t4 ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #eej ,d>by ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,d>l+ton ,p5n8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,davis sm4 ,mi*4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,davis ,ortley lg4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,davis ,miss4 ,dawson's ,clu/] m$4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ffi ,day lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #eia ,deacon's ,pryor lg4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,deal's ,r$ m$47,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,dean's ,sweet+ m$47,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,defiance lg4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,degru*y ,s\? ,delasure ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,delight m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #dgc ,democrat m$4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #eje ,demurry ,s\? ,d]ry ,nonsu* lg4 ,n4,h4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,detroit ,black lg4 ,c48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 #ecb ,detroit ,r$ lg4 ,c48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,devon%ire ,qu>r5d5 sm4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,dewees m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,dewitt1 ,synonym ( ,doctor ,dewitt4 ,dick's ,se$l+ 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,dillaways ,ohio ,dill+ham m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #chc ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,di%>oon m$4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,doctor ,dewitt lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,doct4 ,ful*] m$4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eib ,doct4 ,watson m$4 ,p5n8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good#dbi ,dodge's ,crimson1 ,synonym ( ,a%more8 ,dodge's ,e>ly m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,dole's ,r$ m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,dom9e lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#dcj ,d[n+'s ,p>agon lg4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #feh ,d[nton ,pipp9 sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,drap d',or lg4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#fch ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,drumore ,du*ess ( lg4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #dca ,old5burg ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,duckett lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,duffield ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#egj ,dul+ ,sweet ,dumel[ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,dumpl+1 ,synonym ( ,watson's ,dumpl+4 ,dunlevy 7,o47 ,durable ,keep] lg4 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor8 ,durham ,w9t] ,pe>ma9 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,dut* ,codl+ lg4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,dut* ,mignonne lg4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #eic ,dy] lg4 ,fr4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn be/ #fci ,e>ly ,*&l] sm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,e>ly ,cid] m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,e>ly ,george1 ,synonym ( ,george4 ,e>ly ,h>ve/ lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] be/ #djc ,e>ly ,joe m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] be/ #eac ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e>ly ,long/em sm4 8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good8 ,e>ly ,nonsu* sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,e>ly ,p5nock lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #eid ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e>ly ,gre5+ m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] ,e>ly ,r$ ,m>g>et m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e>ly ,r$/reak1 ,synonym ( ,h>ve/ ,r$/reak4 ,e>ly ,r$ ,/ripe1 ,synonym ( ,r$ ,/ripe4 ,e>ly ,ripe ,p5n8 ,summ] ,e>ly ,/rawb]ry m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] v4 good#ead ,e>ly ,york ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] ,ea/] ,pipp9 m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 ,eaton m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,egg ,top m$4 8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor8 ,egypt ,r$ ,summ] m$47,ills7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,egypt ,r$ ,w9t] m$47,ills7 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,egyptian ,russet m$47,ills7 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#ebc ,el>kee ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,eldorado ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,elg9 ,pipp9 lg4 ,miss4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,elicke's ,w9t] m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,ellis sm4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 ,ellwill's ,late ,s\? ,w9t] ,em]s9e ,sweet m$4 ,ohio8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,emp]or1 see ,alex&]4 ,emp]or lg4 7,ill47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,emp]or1 7,dickson's7 ,scot4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,ene's ,w9t] ,sweetm$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #chd ,enfield ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,enfield ,pe>ma9 sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,engli% ,codl+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,engli% ,gold5 ,pipp9 ,engl4 ,,iii ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,engli% ,gold5 ,russet m$4 ,engl8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c ,w9t] v4 good#fbd ,engli% ,pe>ma9 lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,engli% ,r$/reak lg4 7,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,engli% ,r$/reak lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,engli% ,r$ ,sweet+ ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,engli% ,russet m$4 ,engl8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] poor #fbe ,engli% ,sweet+ ,engl4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,epse ,sweet+1 ,synonym ( ,danv]s4 ,epsy sm4 ,vt4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,equ9etelee ,ga4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 #dcb ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,ern/'s ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,ohio ,pipp94 ,esopus ,spitz5b]gm$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #eci ,e/5 lg4 ,r4,i4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,eu/is1 ,synonym ( ,b54 ,ev5+ ,p>ty m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #dcc ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,ewalt lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #fdj ,excel lg4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,exquisite sm4 ,ills4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,fairbanks m$4 ,me4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,fair ,maid ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,fair ,w9t] ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,fald] ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,fallawat] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor8 #die ,fall ,butt] lg4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fgg ,fall ,*&l] ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn ,fall ,g5et+ lg4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #ecc ,fall ,gre5+ 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn ,fall ,h>vey lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #dhb ,fall ,orange lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,fall ,pe>ma9 lg4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,fall ,pipp9 lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn be/ #ega ,fall ,pipp9 lg4 7,ky47 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,fall ,que5 lg4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,fall ,seek-no-fur!rlg4 7,con47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,fall ,swa> ( ,we/lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #egb ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,fall ,v&]v]e lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,fall ,w9e m$4 ,am4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn be/ #dcd ,fall ,w9esap m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,fameuse m$4 ,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#eie ,family ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 #eae ,fan*] lg4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #eej ,f>ley ,r$ sm4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eie ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,f>r]'s ,summ] ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,fa!r ,abraham m$4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,fau/ sm4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ v4 good#djd ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,favorite sm4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,fay's ,russet sm4 ,vt4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,spr+ good ,fay's ,sweet ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,f$]al lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,felt's ,/rawb]ry lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] v4gd4 ,f5ley lg4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #dje ,f5\illet ,r\ge m$4 ,fr48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn ,f5ton ,sweet1 ,synonym ( ,trumbull ,sweet4 ,f]d9& lg4 ,va4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #ecc ,f9k sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 #djf ,fisk's m$4 ,n4,h4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,flam+o ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,flat ,sweet lg4 ,am4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,fle9] lg4 ,eur4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] poor ,flora ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] ,fl[] ( ,k5t lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,flu%+ ,spitz5b]g m$4,l4 ,is4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eae ,fo*t lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,=d lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,=e/ ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,=t ,meigs m$ ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,=t ,miami m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#edg ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,fo/] m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,f\ndl+ lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fec ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,f\r? ( ,july1 suppos$ ,synonym ( ,tet(ski4 ,foxite lg4 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,frank or ,*5ango lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fie ,frankl9 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,frankl9 ,gold5 lg4 ,am4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fgj ,freeze & ,?aw ,p5n8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,fr5* 7,pa47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,fr5* ,pipp9 lg4 7,pa487 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,fr5* ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,fr5* ,pipp9 lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,fr5* ,royal m$4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,fr5*'s ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,froncl9 m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 good ,full] -- ,s\48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,fulton lg4 ,ills4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #djf ,fulton ,/rawb]ry m$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,gabriel m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#eae ,gabriel ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,gallup's ,russet lg4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 ,g>d5 lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dce ,g>d5 ,royal sm4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,g>retson's ,e>ly sm4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #dhb ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,gat* m$4 ,ohio4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,g5esee ,*ief lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] poor #fhf ,george m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,g]manite1 ,synonym ( ,j>m9ite4 ,gewiss ,good m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,giles m$4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4gd4 ,gillett's ,pr(usion ,ohio ,gillett's ,sweet ,bellfl[] ,ohio ,gillett's ,w9esap ,ohio ,gilp9 m$4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 #eei ,gilp9 ,se$l+ m$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 ,giltn]'s m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,gladney ,r$ ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,gl5dale lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #eif ,gloria ,mundi1 ,synonym ( ,mammo? ,pipp94 ,gl\ce/] ,:ite m$4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #egc ,g(f lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,golay m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dcf ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,gold5 ,ball lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fdj ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gold5 ,drop1 ,synonym ( ,c\rt ( ,wyck4 ,gold5 ,drop ,s\? ,gold5 ,h>vey sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #feh ,gold5 ,pe>ma9 sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,gold5 ,pe>ma9 sm4 7,ky47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 or #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#fbe ,gold5 ,pipp9 sm4 ,eng48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,gold5 ,pipp9-- ,am4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,am]ican ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,gold5 ,re9ette sm4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,gold5 ,rose ,s\8 ,gold5 ,russet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 ,gold5 ,russet ( ,mass m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,gold5 ,se$l+ lg4 ,mo4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #djg ,gold5 ,sweet lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #eea ,gold5 ,w9t] ,sweet 7,n4,y47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] ,good ,russet m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] poor8 ,gordon's ,se$l+ m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,gov]nor lg4 ,vt4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,gov4 ,morr[ m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,gr&fa!r lg4 ,n4,e4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,gr& ,sa*em1 ,synonym ( ,black ,detroit4 ,granite ,beauty lg4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,granniw9kle m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #cid ,grav5/e9 lg4 ,g]m4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] v4 good#dhg ,great ,keep] 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,spr+ ,gre5 ,*eese m$4 ,t5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,gre5's ,*oice m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,gre5 ,crank lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #djh ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gre5 ,dom9e m$4 ,p548 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,gre5 ,ev]la/+1 ,synonym ( ,am]ican ,pipp94 ,gre5 ,flat 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gre5 ,fl\r ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gre5 ,gillifl[] ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,gre5 ,horse ,s\? ,gre5 ,m\nta9 m$4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,pipp9 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gre5 ,newt[n ,pipp9lg4 ,l4,is4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,gre5 ,pe>ma9 ,s\48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,gre5 ,pipp9 lg4 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,gre5 ,russet lg4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] #fbf ,gre5 ,seek-no-fur!r lg4 ,l4,is4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,gre5 ,sk9 m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,gre5 ,sweet m$4 ,mass8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good #che ,gre5 ,w9t] lg4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,gregson1 ,synonym ( ,catl9e4 ,greyh\se m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 ,grie/'s ,favorite ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,griffi?1 ,synonym ( ,clay ,bank4 ,grimes' ,gold5 m$4 ,va4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] be/ #fgj ,gro% ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,gross] ,erdbe]e m$4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,gullett ,gully ,n4,c4 ,gully1 ,synonym ( ,mangum4 ,gully sm4 ,p5n4 good ,hagloe lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #eif ,hagloe ,crab sm4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t48 good8 ,hague lg4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fgg ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,ha9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,n ,c48 ,halleck's ,favorite m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,halliday ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] ,hall sm4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] ,be/8 #efj ,hamilton ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,hamilton's lg4 7,ind7 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,hampton's ,honey m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,hampton's ,r$ ,w9t] ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,hampton's ,russet sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #fbf ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,hannah lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eig ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,h>ni% m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #fhe ,h>p] ,sweet m$4 ,ills4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,h>ris lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #dhb ,h>rison m$4 ,n4,j4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ecd ,h>t=d ,sweet m$4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,h>ve/ ,r$/reak lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 #dcf ,haskell ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #che ,hawley lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] be/ #daj ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,haw?ornd5 lg4 ,scot4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #daj ,hayboys lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #che ,hays1 ,synonym ( ,w9e4 ,hector lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,hei/] ,p5n4 ,hel5's ,favorite m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,hemphill m$8 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,h5ley ,s\48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,h5rick ,sweet m$4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,h5ry lg4 ,vt4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t good ,h5wood lg4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fhg ,hepl] m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,h]e=d%ire ,pe>m4 m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/8 #eih ,h]man m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fgh ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,h]sey ,keep] ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,hess m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,hewes' ,crab sm4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #eii ,hick's ,p5n4 ,higby ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #eeb ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,highl&] m$4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,hightop1 7,jones7 lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dcg ,hightop ,sweet sm4 ,con48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #eec ,hik]'s m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,hill's ,favorite m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,hilton lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,h9esley lg4 7,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,ho>y ,morn+ lg4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,hockett ,sweet ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,hock+ lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 #dch ,hodge's ,limb]twig m$4 ,we/8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,hog ,isl& ,sweet m$4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,hog ,sn\t m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,holl& ,pipp9 lg4 ,eur48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 #ejf ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,holl&'s ,r$ ,w9t] 7,o47 ,w9t] ,holl&'s ,sweet m$4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,holl[ ,cr[n m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,holly ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,holman8 ,synonym ( ,nickajack4 ,hol/on ,sweet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #eec ,homma*] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,homony lg4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,hovey 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,honey ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 #fei ,honey ,gre5+ lg4 ,we/ ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,honey ,pipp9 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,honey ,sweet lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,honik] ,p5n4 ,hook] m$4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,hoopbole sm4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,hoops m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ poor ,hoosi] m$4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,hoosi] ,r$ m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,hoov] lg4 ,s4,c4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,hopk9's ,r$ ,*eek1 ,synonym ( ,monm\? ,pipp94 ,hopp] ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,horn m$4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,hornet lg4 ,p5n4 ,autumn good ,horse lg4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #egc ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,horton ,sweet 7,o47 ,h\sum ,r$ lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4gd4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,h[e's ,russet ,mass4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,hoyle's ,nonp>eil ,s\48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,hubb>d/on lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good #fjj ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,hubb>dton lg4 ,n4,h48 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,hughes lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good ,hughes' ,am4 ,gold5 ,pipp9 lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,hull ,blossom sm4 ,n4,e4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #fce ,hunge lg4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 #egd ,hunt m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,hunt] m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,hunt]'s ,sweet 7,o47 ,huntsman ,russet ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,hunt's ,russet sm4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,hurlbutt m$4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,hut*+s ,se$l+1 ,synonym ( ,sug> ,loaf ,pipp94 ,hyatt's ,wond]ful ,s\48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,ice ,cream m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,ill9ois ,gre5+ m$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,ill9ois ,pipp9 m$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,ills4 ,pumpk9 ,sweet m$4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good #fhe ,imp]ial ,russet1 ,synonym ( ,spice ,russet4 ,indiana ,beauty lg4 ,ind4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor #fgh ,indiana ,favorite m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dch ,indian ,pr9ce m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,indian ,w9t] ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,innes 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,iola1 ,synonym ( ,equ9etelec4 ,iri% ,pea* m$4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good8 ,iron ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,iron ,m\nta9 m$4 ,mo4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,iron ,pipp9 m$4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,isom 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,jabez m$4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good4 ,jackman's ,sweet4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 ,jackson ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,jackson m$4 ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,jacksonian ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,j>m9ite m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dci ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,jeff]ies m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] be/ #ddj ,jeff]son ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,jeff]son ,c\nty m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,j5k9s sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4v4gd4 ,j]sey ,black m$4 ,n4,j48 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fec ,j]sey ,gre5+ lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,j]sey ,k+ m$4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,j]sey ,pipp9 m$4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,j]sey ,sweet m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] v4 good#cie ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,jewett's ,be/ lg4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,jewett's ,f9e ,r$ m$4 ,n4,h4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,john ,c>t] lg4 7,con47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,john ,snepp's1 ,synonym ( ,snepps'4 ,john's ,sweet m$4 ,n4,h4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good8 ,johnson lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] good ,johnson's ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,jona?an m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #fgi ,juli5 m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,july m$4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor ,junaliska lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 #daa ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,june m$4 ,va4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] ,kaighn's ,spitz5b]g lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fha ,kane m$4 ,del4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#daa ,keepwell sm4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ poor8 ,keim m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,keis] m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #dhh ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,kelsey m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4v4 good ,kelt]1 or ,boas ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,k5n$y lg4 ,ga4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,k5rick's ,autumn lg4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,k5ti% ,fillbasket lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,k5tucky lg4 ,ky4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,k5tucky ,cream m$4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,k5tucky ,k+ ,ky4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] #dda ,k5tucky ,/reak 7,ark7 ,w9t] ,k5tucky ,sweet m$4 ,ky48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ejb ,k]ry ,pipp9 m$4,irel'd ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,keswick ,codl+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #fhh ,ket*um's ,favorite m$4 ,vt4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,kilham ,hill lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,k+ lg4 7,ind47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,k+--,new>k lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,k+ ( ,pipp9s m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,k+ ( ,tompk9s lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#fee ,k+ ,solomon ,s\? ,k+sley m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,k+'s ,w9t] ,k+ ,tom m$4 ,mo4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,k9sey's ,sweet ,kirkbridge ,:ite sm4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #fga ,kirke's ,"l ,nelson lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,kit*5 m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,kit*mor's ,favorite m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,kittagesgee ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,klapro? m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #ddb ,knick]bock] m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#ege ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,knights ,r$ ,june m$4 ,ky4 ,summ'r good #ege ,kn[les' ,e>ly sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #fhb ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,knox's ,russet sm4 ,p5n4,i ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good #fbf ,kolb's ,w9t] ,s\48 ,w9t] ,kratz ,p5n4 ,kr[s] m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fja ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,lack] m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ddc ,ladies' ,e> ,drop m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,lady sm4 ,fr4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #daa ,lady ,blu% ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,lady ,f+] ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,r$ ,w9t] ,pipp94 ,lady ,healy's ,nonsu*m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,lady ,wa%+ton lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,ladies' ,favorite1 ,synonym ( ,fall ,que54 ,ladies' ,sweet+ lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#efa ,lake sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,lake m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,lanca/] 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,lanca/] 7,va47 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,lanca/] ,gre5+ m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good8 ,lanca/] ,sweet m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #chf ,l&on m$4 ,vt4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,l&rum m$4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,lane's ,r$/reak lg4 ,ills4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,lane's ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,lang5dorff] ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,lans+burgh m$4 ,n4,y48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor #edj ,l>1 ,/rip$ ,pe>ma9 lg4 ,ky4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #fja ,l>ge ,b\gh lg4 ,am4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ'r good #did ,late ,*&l] m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,late ,gold5 ,sweet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good ,late ,p\nd ,sweet ,late ,/rawb]ry m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn be/ #edj ,laur5ce lg4 ,ohio8 ,w9t] poor8 ,lawr5s' ,gre5+ ,s\? ,l$ge ,sweet lg4 ,n4,h4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,lel& ,spice lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,lem+ ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,lemon1 ,synonym ( ,rock ,pipp94 ,lemon ,pipp9 m$4,engl4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,le/] ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,lev] ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,levett's ,ky4 ,lewis m$4,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r be/ #fjb ,lewis1 7,ragan's7 m$4,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good #ddc ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,lewis ,jones' ,se$l+ lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,lex+ton ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,lib]ty lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #fjd ,limb] ,limb lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,limb]twig m$4,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #eaf ,limb]twig--,summ] m$4,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r v4 good ,l+ ,sweet ,l9sley's ,favorite ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l9sley's ,sweet ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ ,lipp5cott's ,e>ly1 ,synonym ( ,summ] ,rose4 ,lipsey's ,russet m$4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #c ,w9t] v4 good ,little ,pe>ma9 sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c ,w9t] v4 good ,locy m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,logan ,b]ry lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,london ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #chg ,long ,isl& ,pe>ma9 m$4,l4,isl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fhb ,long ,isl& ,pipp9lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ege ,long ,isl& ,russet m$4,l4,isl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,l4,i4 ,seek-no-fur!r lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#eag ,long ,limb lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,long ,/em m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,long ,/em1 7,l4 ,jones7 m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,long/em m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,long/em sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,longville's ,k]nel sm4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,lopside m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,lorick's ,clu/] ,va4 ,lor+'s ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,l\don lg4 ,va4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#dhc ,l\don ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,l\don4 ,l\re ,que5 lg4 ,ohio8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,lovett's ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,l[ell lg4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#egf ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,lucombe's ,se$l+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,lyman's ,pumpk9 ,sweet v4l4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #ebg ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,lynn m$4 7,ky47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,lyscom lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fje ,macomb] m$4 ,me4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,madison ,r$ 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,magnolia m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,magnum ,bonum1 ,synonym ( ,bonum4 ,maid5's ,blu% lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#dab ,maid5's ,favorite m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,major lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,malamuskeet lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,male ,c>le lg4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,mammo? ,june ,s\? ,summ] ,mammo? ,pipp9 v4l4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,mangum m$4 ,ala4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#dhh ,manomet m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,mansfield ,russet sm4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good8 #ffe ,m>gil sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fje ,m>ia ,bu% lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,m>ket ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,m>ks m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4v4 good ,m>%all's ,sweet ,favorite 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] ,m>/on's ,r$ ,w9t] lg4 ,n4,h4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fhb ,m>y ,*e/] ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,m>y ,moy] ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,m>y ,womack m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,massey's ,w9t] ,s\? ,w9t] ,mat!w ,/ripe1 ,synonym ( ,lyscom4 ,mav]ick ,sweet lg4 ,s4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #dgc ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,may1 7( ,my]s7 m$4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good #eec ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,mayb]ry ,se$l+ ,va48 ,mayn>d's ,no4 #a ,ky4 ,may ,que5 sm4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,mc,adow's ,june sm4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #egf ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,mc,affee lg4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,mc,bride's ,wax5 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,mc,cloud's ,family ,s\? ,mc,cormack's lg4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,mc,daniel m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ddc ,mc,dowell's ,r$ ,va8 ,mc,dowell's ,sweet ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,mc,henry m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,mc,henry's ,:ite m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,mc,kay's ,sweet+ ,mc,kinley lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#fjf ,mc,lean ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,mc,lelan m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,mea* lg4 ,vt4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fjf ,mead's ,keep] ,w9t] ,me>'s ,se$l+ sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,mei/] sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,melon lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,melt 9 ,m\? m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,melville ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,m5ag]e v4l4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,m]ritt's ,sweet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,me?odi/ m$4 ,conn4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,mexico m$4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#fjg ,mi*ael ,h5ry ,pipp9 m$4 ,n4,j4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #dif ,mi*5or's ,r$ ,sweetm$4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,mi*igan ,gold5 lg4 ,mi*8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #egf ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,mi*igan ,w9t] ,pipp9 lg4 ,mi*8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,middle m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#ejg ,miffl9 ,k+ sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#fhc ,milam sm4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,mill] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,mill]'s ,apple lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,mill]'s1 ,synonym ( ,p[]s4 ,millik5's ,sweet lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,milwood ,gre5 ,m9i/] lg4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #fie ,m9kl] m$4 ,ills4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #ddd ,m9kl]'s ,molasses m$4 ,ills4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,miss\ri ,keep] sm4 ,mo4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good #fef ,molasses sm4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,molasses m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,mon>* m$4 7,w7 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,monk's ,favorite lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #cjg ,monm\? ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#egg ,monroe4 7,o7 ,mon/r\s ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,mammo? ,pipp94 ,moore's ,gre5+ lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,moore's ,se$l+ lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,moore's ,sweet+ lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ good #cif ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,morgan ,:ite m$4 ,ills8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fda ,morgan's ,favorite ,morris lg4 ,ills4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,morrison ,r$ m$4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,morton lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #eed ,moseley ,sweet ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,moses ,wood m$4 ,me4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,mote ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#fca ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,"m m$4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ffc ,m\nta9 ,belle ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,m\nta9e]1 ,synonym ( ,m\nt ,pleasant ,sweet1 or ,weav] ,sweet4 ,m\nta9 ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,fallawat]4 ,m\nta9 ,spr\t lg4 ,n4,c4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,m\nta9 ,sweet lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #chh ,m\nt ,pleasant ,sweetlg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,m\nt ,swaag] m$4 ,mass ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,m\se lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 good8 ,mrs4 ,de ,c>adeuc ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,mudd's ,m>ket ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,mudd's ,no4 #a lg4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,munson ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #hhh ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,murphy ,r$ lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,musgrave's ,coop]1 ,synonym ( ,we/]n ,beauty4 ,musk+um ,keep] m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,mu/] m$ ,ind4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dhi ,my]'s ,nonp>eil1 ,synonym ( ,ohio ,nonp>eil4 ,nantahalee lg4 ,ala4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,neat ,russet sm4 7,w47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,n$ ,p5n4 ,ne ,plus ,ultra v4l4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,nequassa lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,nev]fail 7( ,t5n47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,nev]fail4 ,synonym ( ,rawle's ,janet4 ,nev]s9k lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#fjh ,new>k ,k+ lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#fjh ,new>k ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fij ,newcom] 7,va47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,new ,engl& ,r$ lg4 7,ky47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,newt[n ,pipp9 ,gr4lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] be/ #egh ,newt[n ,pipp9 ,yell4 lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] be/ #fdi ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #dde ,nickajack lg4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 #dde ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,nix's ,gre5 ,w9t] ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,noble 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,nonp>eil sm4 7,w47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,nonp>eil--,old sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 ,nonp>eil--,sc>let m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,nonsu* m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,norfolk ,beauf9 lg4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,nor!rn ,spy lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ v4 good#eda ,nor!rn ,sweet f4m4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#fcb ,norton's ,melon1 ,synonym ( ,melon4 ,nutmeg sm4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,nyack ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,oats ,h>ve/ sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,oconee ,gre5+ v4l4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 be/ ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,ogleby ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,ohio ,beauty1 ,synonym ( ,we/]n ,beauty4 ,ohio ,nonp>eil lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#ddg ,ohio ,pipp9 lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #dhd ,ohio ,r$/reak v4l4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,ohio ,w9t] m$47,ills7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,ohl+] ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,old ,dapple m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,old ,engli% ,codl+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,old ,field m$4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,old ,h\se m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,oneida ,*ief ,n4,y4 ,orange1 ,synonym ( ,l[ell4 ,orange lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,orange ,p5n ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,orange lg4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,orange ,sweet1 ,synonym ( ,gold5 ,sweet4 ,orange ,sweet+ lg4 7,mas47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #eff ,orndorff m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,orne's ,e>ly lg4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,ortley lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fgc ,osborn's ,rambo m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,osburn ,sweet 8 ,osceola m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#ddh ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,osl9 sm4 ,scot4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,ov]man's ,sweet+ m$4 ,ills4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b ,w9t] good ,pap]1 ,synonym ( ,*ampla94 ,p>adise ,summ] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ'r good #eee ,p>adise ,w9t] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #eef ,p>rot ,re9ette lg4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,patt]son ,sweet1 ,synonym ( ,bailey's ,sweet4 ,patton m$4 ,ala4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#faj ,pawpaw lg4 ,mi*4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,pea* ,pond ,sweet m$4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dgf ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,pe>ma9 ,russet sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good ,pe>son's ,plate sm4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t]8v4good8 ,peck's ,pleasant lg4 ,r4,i4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fda ,p5n+ton m$4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,p5nock lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,p5nsylvania ,r$/reak1 ,synonym ( ,w9e4 ,p5nsylvania ,sweetg4 lg4 ,p548 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor #fei ,p5n4 ,v&]v]e m$4 ,p548 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ddi ,p5n4 ,w9esap m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dij ,p's ,*oice m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,p]k9s sm4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,p]ry ,russet m$47,ills7 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good #dfh ,pet] m$47,mas47 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,petit ,api ,noir sm4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,pfeiff] sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r 8 ,phillippi lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,phillip's ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #dgg ,pick>d's ,res]ve lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#dac ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,pickman m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,pie lg4 7,o47 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,pigeon ,hill ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,pigeon ,r\ge sm4 ,eur4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,p9e ,apple sm4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,p9e ,apple ,russet m$4 ,eur48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,autumn good8 ,p9e ,/rawb]ry ,s\? ,p9k ,sweet+ sm4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,pittsburgh ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,polly ,bright lg4 ,va4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #eag ,pomme ,grise sm4 ,fr48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] be/ #dfi ,pomme ,royale lg4 ,fr'* ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#fci ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,pomme ,wat] m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #eaj ,popl> ,bluff ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,poppy ,quamp lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,port] lg4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good#fgc ,port] ,spitz5b]g lg4 ,conn48 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,pott+] lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #dej ,p\ghkeepsie ,russet m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] poor #ebd ,p\nd ,royal lg4 7,w47 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,aut4v4 good#ece ,p\nd ,royal lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,p\nd ,sweet lg4 ,mi*8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,p\nd ,sweet lg4 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,p[]s lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#deb ,p[nal ,spitz5b]g m$4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,premium m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #dig ,premium ,ala4 ,presid5t lg4 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,presid5t lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,presid5t lg4 ,mi*4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,press lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good8 ,press ,ew+ m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#dea ,price ,prie/ly m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor ,prie/'s ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 ,primate m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] be/ #fdh ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,pr9ce's ,fall ,pipp9lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,pr9ce lg4 ,eur4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,pr9cely ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,pr9z ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,progress lg4 ,con48 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fdd ,prolific ,beauty lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor #ded ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,prolific ,sweet m$4 ,conn ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,pro!r's ,w9t] ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,pryor's ,r$ lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#fbg ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,pumpk9 ,russet lg4 ,n4,e4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #c4 ,autumn good8 #eff ,pumpk9 ,sweet lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #c4 ,autumn good8 #ejd ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #c4 ,purple ,sib]ian ,crabsm4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,putnam ,keep] lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor ,putnam ,russet1 ,synonym ( ,roxbury ,russet4 ,putnam ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #cig ,quak] ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,quak] ,h>ve/ sm4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,quak] ,pipp9 m$4 ,am4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn poor8 ,quak]--,virg9ia ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,qu>r5d5--,r$1 ,synonym ( ,devon%ire ,qu>r5d54 ,qu9ce m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #fde ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,qu9ce--,coles m$4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good ,rabum ,s\? ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,ragan's ,r$ lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#faa ,ragan's ,se$l+ ,ind4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,ralph ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,rambo m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good#ded ,ramb\r ,franc m$4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,ramsdell ,r$ lg4 ,con48 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,r&all's ,be/ m$4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,r>itan ,sweet lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,ras*e lg4 ,mo4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,rawle's ,janet m$4 ,va4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4v4 good#eag ,rebecca lg4 ,del4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,r$ & ,gre5 ,sweet lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,r$ ,a/ra*an lg4 ,russ4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #dej ,r$ ,bellfl[] lg4 ,fr48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,r$ ,canada m$4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] be/ #edb ,r$ ,ca!ad lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,r$ ,c$> m$4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,r$ ,*eek ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,monm\? ,pipp94 ,r$ ,detroit lg4 ,c48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,r$ ,gillifl[] lg4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,r$ ,+e/rie sm4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,r$ ,june sm4 ,c>4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,r$ ,juneat+1 ,synonym ( ,e>ly ,r$ ,m>g>et4 ,r$ ,ladyf+]1 ,synonym ( ,r$ ,w9t] ,pe>ma94 ,r$ ,ox ,p5n ,r$ ,p\nd ,sweet v4l4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,r$ ,qu>r5d51 ,synonym ( ,devon%ire ,qu>r5d5 ,r$ ,rance sm4 8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,r$ ,republican lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,r$ ,rob9son ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,r$ ,russet lg4 ,n4,h4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #fbh ,r$ ,se$l+ lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,r$ ,/reak ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,r$ ,/reak--,engli% lg4 ,eur48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,r$ ,/ripe m$47,ind47 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #edb ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,r$ ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,r$ ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,r$ ,sweet ,spice sm4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,r$ ,w>rior ,s\? ,r$ ,w9esap m$4 ,p5n ,w9t] good ,r$ ,w9t4 ,pe>ma9m$4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #eai ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,re9e des ,re9ettes m$4 ,eur4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,re9ette du ,canada1 ,synonym ( ,canada ,re9ette4 ,re9ette ,triomphantelg4 ,g]m4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,re9ette ,van ,mons sm4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] poor8 ,republican ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,rhode ,isl4 ,gre5+ lg4 ,r4,isl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good#dad ,rib/on ,pipp9 m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #fab ,ri*>d's ,graft lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #deg ,ri*>dson lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,ri*>dson ,w9t] ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,ri*mond lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#cig ,ri*mond's ,no4 #a m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,ri*mond's ,no4 #d ,ohio ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,ri*mond's ,no4 #e ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,ri*mond's ,no4 #f ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,ri*mond's ,r$ lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,ri* ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,rock ,pipp94 ,ridge ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ecf ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,rie/ lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] v4 good ,riv] m$4 ,mass4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,road/[n ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good ,rob]tson's ,r$ m$4 ,ky4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,rob]tson's ,:ite m$4 ,va4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,robey's lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,rob9son ,/ripe m$4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,rock ,apple lg4 ,n4,h4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,rock ,pipp9 lg4 8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ poor #fia ,rock ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,rockhill ,summ]1 ,synonym ( ,r$ ,/ripe4 ,rockport ,sweet m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,rol5's ,keep] m$4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,spr+ good ,roll9 m$4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,romanite1 ,synonym ( ,gilp9 & ( ,p5nock4 ,roman ,/em m$4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #egi ,rome ,beauty lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #deh ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,ross' ,gre5 7,va47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,ross' ,nonp>eil sm4 ,irld8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#ebd ,rosy ,r$ m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ebj ,roxbury ,russet lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #dia ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,royal ,pe>ma9 lg4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ehj ,royal ,pe>ma9 lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,royal ,pipp91 ,synonym ( ,day4 ,royal ,pipp9 lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good ,royal ,r$ m$4 ,ills4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,ruckman's ,pe>ma9 m$4 8 ,w9t] poor ,ruckman's m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,rum ,apple m$4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,russet ,pe>ma9 m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 ,ru/icoat ,milam sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 #fcj ,rym] lg4 ,eur4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 ,sailly ,autumn m$4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,sa9t ,lawr5ce lg4 ,c48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,/4 ,l\is ,ortley lg4 ,mo4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,salem ,se$l+ ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,sam ,"y sm4 ,ire'd4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good8 ,santa ,s\? ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,santau*ee ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,sassafrass ,sweet ,va48 ,summ'r ,sawy] ,sweet ,scallop$ ,gillifl[] m$4 ,eur4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor #edc ,sc>let ,nonp>eil sm4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r poor8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,sc>let ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,engl4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good4 ,sc>let ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good4 #efb ,seag] m$4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #edc ,seav] m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,secri/'s lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,se$l+ ,janet m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,se$l+ ,gilp9 m$4 ,ills4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t poor ,se$l+ ,nev]fail m$4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,se$l+ ,paul ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,seek-no-fur!r--,autumn1 ,synonym ( ,dr4 ,watson4 ,seek-no-fur!r-- ,summ] lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,seek-no-fur!r-- ,we/*e/] lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,seek-no-fur!r-- ,we/field m$4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,seek-no-fur!r-- ,:ite lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,seek-no-fur!r-- ,:ite lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn v4 good ,selby ,bell fl[] lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,selma m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4gd4 ,selma lg4 ,ala4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,s5eca ,favorite ,n4,y4 ,septemb] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #fde ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,%ak]1 ,synonym ( ,e>ly ,p5nock4 ,%ak] ,r$/reak lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,%annon1 ,synonym ( ,ohio ,pipp94 ,%>ke's ,gre5+ ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,%eepnose1 7,sig]son7 ,mo4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,%eepnose1 7,me>s7m$4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fde ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,%eepnose1 7,ohio7 sm4 ,ohio8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,%epp>d ,sweet m$4 ,conn4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,%iawassee ,beauty m$4 ,mi*4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good#dei ,%ipley's ,gre5 m$4 7,va47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor8 ,%ockley m$4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spr+ good ,%op ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,%reeve1 ,synonym ( ,hannah4 ,sib]ian ,crabs3 ,*]ry sm4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,d\ble ,fl[]+ sm4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,lady ,crab sm4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,sib]ian ,crabs3 ,l>ge ,yell[ sm4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,montreal ,beauty sm4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,p[]s' sm4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,yell[ sm4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,sig]son's ,ortley lg4 ,mo4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,sigl]'s ,p\nd v4l4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,sigl]'s ,r$ m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fab ,sillix ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,s9e qua non lg4 ,l4,isl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r4v4 good ,skumk lg4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,slea!'s ,ivory sm4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,sl+]l& ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,slug ,sweet+ m$4 ,r4,i4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,small ,black sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #fac ,smalley m$4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,small's ,pipp9 sm4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,smi?'s lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #fad ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,smokeh\se lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,smokytwig ,ky4 ,snepps' lg4 ,ind4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#chi ,som]ton ,sweet 7,o47 #a4 ,sops-(-,w9e m$4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,s\r ,rambo 7,o47 ,s\!rn ,gold5 ,pipp9 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,s\!rn ,gre5+ m$4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,s\? ,m\nta9 ,p5n4 ,w9t] ,spaf=d ,russet m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good #ebe ,sp>k's lg4 ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good#fgd ,speckl$ ,oley ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spice m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,spice ,va4 ,spice ,pipp9 lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,spice ,russet m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good ,spice ,sweet m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,spice ,sweet+ 7,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,spice ,sweet+ m$4 ,ea/4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #dgd ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,spicel& ,sweet m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,spitz5b]g-- ,flu%+ m$4,l4,isl4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,spitz5b]g--,r$ m$47,ills7 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,sponge lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,spott$ ,pipp9 lg4 7,ills7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,sprague sm4 8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,spr+ ,pipp9 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ ,spr+]'s ,se$l+ sm4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ poor ,/ack m$4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,/ann>d lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #edd ,/anley's ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,/ansill ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,/>k lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,/eele's ,r$ m$4,mass48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,/eele's ,sweet m$4 ,conn4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,/ehley lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,/ev5son's ,w9t] m$4 ,miss4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 ,/ew>t ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,/ew>t's ,nonp>eil sm4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #feg ,/illman's ,e>ly sm4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,/illwat] ,sweet lg4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,/ockade ,sweet ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,spr+ ,/ock ,sweet 7,o47 ,/one ,mi*4 ,w9t] ,/one's ,sweet ,ohio ,/onewall ,ala4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,/raat m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,/r&t m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,/rawn's ,se$l+ ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,/ribl+ ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,/rip$ ,a%more lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,/rip$ ,bellfl[] lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,/rip$ ,gillifl[] lg4 ,eur4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor8 #fif ,/rip$ ,june sm4 ,va4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good ,/rip$ ,sweet m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn poor ,/rode's ,birm+ham sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,/ro!r ,va4 ,/urm] ,pipp9 sm4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good8 ,/yre m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,sudbury ,sweet+ lg4 7,mass7 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,suffolk ,beauty f4m4,l4,isl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,sug> sm4 8 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor8 ,sug> & ,wat] m$4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] poor ,sug>loaf ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,sug>loaf ,pipp9 m$4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good8 ,sug> ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor8 ,summ] ,bellfl[] m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,bellfl[] lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] v4 good ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,*eese m$4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,summ] ,gold5 ,pipp9sm4 ,engl4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good8 ,summ] ,gre5 m$4 ,p5n4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] v4 good ,summ] ,hagloe1 ,synonym ( ,hagloe4 ,summ] ,janet m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 #faf ,summ] ,limb]twig m$4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good #dfj ,summ] ,pipp9 m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good #fdf ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] ,que5 m$4,n4,y48 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] v4 good#ede ,summ] ,rambo ,s\48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] ,r$ ,s\? ,summ] ,summ] ,rose sm4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,sum4v4 good#faf ,summ] ,russet sm4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,summ] ,summ] ,seek-no-fur!r lg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,summ] good ,summ] ,sweet lg4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good8 ,summ] ,sweet ,p>adise lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,summ] good #eee ,sumnum ,bonum1 ,synonym ( ,bonum4 ,sunday ,sweet lg4 7,ills7 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,sup]b f4m4 ,n4,c4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,sup]b ,sweet lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #cij ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,surprise sm4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,susan ,spice ,p5n4 ,sutton lg4 ,con48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,sutton ,beauty lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #faf ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,sutton's ,se$l+ ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,swa> lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#fcb ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,sweet & ,s\r lg4 8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor #dge ,sweet ,bellfl[] lg4 ,ohio ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fhc ,sweet ,b\gh1 ,synonym ( ,b\gh4 ,sweet ,fall ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,sweet ,gate m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,sweet ,gillifl[] m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,sweet ,gillifl[] m$4 ,mi*4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,sweet ,janet lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #efc ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,sweet ,june1 ,synonym ( ,hightop ,sweet4 ,sweet--,k5tucky m$4 ,ky4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,sweetmeats sm4 ,ind4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #c4 ,w9t] good ,sweet ,pe> m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #dih ,sweet ,pe>ma9 m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 #fce ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,sweet ,rambo m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,sweet ,romanite m$4 ,we/ ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #efd ,sweet ,russet sm4 ,ky4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#ebg ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #c4 ,sweet ,russet m$4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #c4 ,w9t] good #ebh ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #c4 ,sweet ,sponge m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,summ'r good #dge ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,sweet ,v&]v]e m$4 7,w47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] good #cih ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,sweet ,w9e sm4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,sweet ,w9esap m$4 ,p548 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,sweet ,w9t] ,p5nocklg4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9t] poor8 ,sylve/] m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #fag ,symmes' ,h>ve/ ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r ,tallman's ,sweet m$4 ,r4,i4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good #eeg ,t>t ,b\gh lg4 ,ohio8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good ,taunton ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,taylor ,r$ m$4 ,ohio8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,t5d] ,sk9 sm4 ,s4,c>4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,t5nessee ,r$ m$4 ,t5n4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,t5nessee ,wild+ m$4 ,t5n4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,t]rall's ,late lg4 ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,tet(ski sm4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #feg ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,tewksbury ,w4 ,blu%sm4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,spr+ good #daf ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,! ,cook's ,favorite m$47,ind47 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #ecf ,?os4 ,gat* m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r poor ,?omas' ,late ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,?urmond1 ,synonym ( ,juli54 ,tift's ,sweet+ m$4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,t9m\? lg4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] poor8 ,titus ,pipp9 lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,toccoa lg4 ,ga4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good #fig ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,topal 7,va47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,t[ns5d m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #dfj ,trad]'s ,fancy m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dfa ,tranham ,s\? ,transp>5t ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,transport m$4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fdg ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,tr5ton ,e>ly lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn be/ #ecf ,tr5ton ,pipp9 ,ohio ,trippes' ,horse ,s\? ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,trippes' ,railroad ,s\? ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,trumbull ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #cij ,tuck] ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] ,tudor ,sweet+ ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,tuft's ,baldw9 lg4 ,mass8 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good8 ,tulpehock51 ,synonym ( ,fallawat]4 ,turkey ,gre5+ lg4 ,conn4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,turn]'s ,gre5 m$4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor ,turn-(f-lane m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,tuscaloosa ,ala4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,tw5ty oz4 ,pipp9 lg4 7,w47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor #dfa ,twit*ell ,sweet m$4 ,n4,h4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,union m$4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r poor ,uri ,manly m$47,ills7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,van ,bur5 lg4 ,ga48 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,vance's ,h>ve/ sm4 ,ills48 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r v4 good#dfb ,v&]v]e1 ,synonym ( ,newt[n ,spitz5b]g4 ,v&]v]e--,augu/ lg4 7,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r poor ,v&]v]e--,fall m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,v&]v]e-- ,p5nsylvania m$4 ,del4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,v&]v]e ,pipp9 lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dfb ,v&yne lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,vaughn's ,w9t] m$4 ,ky4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dfc ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,ve9eal ,russet sm4 7,ills7 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,autumn poor ,ve/al1 ,synonym ( ,maid5's ,blu%4 ,victuals & ,dr9klg4 ,n4,j4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #dii ,v9c5t ,sweet m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,virg9ia ,gre5+ lg4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 poor #daf ,virg9ia ,june m$4 ,va48 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good #ejj ,virg9ia ,june m$47,ind47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r ,virg9ia ,may sm4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,sum4 good ,virg9ia ,quak] sm4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good8 #ehj ,voss' ,w9t] lg4 7,va47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ehj ,waddell ,hall ,s\? ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,wagon] lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dij ,walk]'s ,gre5+ ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,walk]'s ,pipp9 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,walk]'s ,yell[ lg4 ,ga4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,wall1 ,synonym ( ,b]ry4 ,wallace's ,gre5 ,pipp9 ,ky4 ,w9t] ,walpole m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good ,walwor? ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w>d v4l4 ,ohio ,,vi4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,wa%+ton ,royal lg4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,wat] ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,wat]ee ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,watson's ,dumpl+ lg4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,waugh's ,crab sm4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,wax51 ,synonym ( ,belmont4 ,weav] ,sweet lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,webb's ,w9t] ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,well=d's ,yell[ sm4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,wells m$4 ,md4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,wells1 ,synonym ( ,dom9e4 ,wells' ,sweet+ sm4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #ffa ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,we/brooke ,va4 ,w9t] ,we/*e/] ,seek-no-fur!r lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good ,we/]n ,beauty lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good#dfd ,we/]n ,spy lg4 ,ohio ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] poor #dhe ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,we/field ,seek-no-fur4 m$4 ,conn4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #ebj ,we/on m$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,we!rill's ,:ite lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,:>ton lg4 ,ohio8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,:>ton's ,favorite lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,:eel]'s ,sweet+ ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #a4 #a4 ,:ig ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,alex&] m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good8 ,:ite ,apple sm4 ,ky4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] ,:ite ,a/ra*an m$4 ,russ4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r poor ,:ite ,baldw9 lg4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,:ite ,beauty ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,doctor lg4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,fall ,pipp9 lg4 7,ky47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good8 #dag ,:ite ,juneat+ sm4 ,engl4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ'r good #dag ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,p>adise sm4 ,ky4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 poor ,:ite ,pipp9 lg4 8 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#dah ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 #fdg ,:ite ,pipp9 lg4 7,ky47 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #eha ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,rambo m$4 ,ohio8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 ,:ite's ,long ,keep] lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,spr+ good8 ,:ite ,seek-no-fur!r lg4 ,l4,i4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,:ite ,spitz5b]g m$4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,:ite ,sweet m$4 ,me4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,:ite ,sweet+ ,n4,j4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,:itewat] ,sweet m$4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,:ite ,w9t] sm4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good ,:4 ,w9t4 ,pe>ma9m$4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good#ejh ,:itmore m$4 ,n4,y4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,autumn good ,:itney ,russet sm4 ,ills48 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] v4 good#dic ,wiley's lg4 8 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,willey's lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,summ'r good8 ,william ,p5n lg4 ,p5n8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4gd4 ,william ,p5n lg4 ,vt4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] v4 good ,williams' ,favoritem$4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ'r good #fah ,willis ,russet sm4 ,mass4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,w9t] good #dgj ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #c4 ,willis ,sweet lg4 ,l4,i4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good #fce ,will[ ,leaf lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,will[ lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,l4 ,w9t4 good #fai ,willson sm4 ,w4,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good#dfe ,wilson lg4 ,mi*4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #ehb ,wilson ,pipp9 m$47,ind47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,wilson's ,volunte]lg4 ,ohio ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good8 #fbj ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9*ell ,se$l+ lg4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn v4 good ,w9e1 or ,hays lg4 ,del4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good #dff ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9e--,fall m$4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn be/ ,w9esap m$4 ,n4,j4 ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #edf ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9field ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w+ ,sweet m$4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good8 #dgg ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #b4 ,w9n's ,russet lg4 ,me4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #c4 ,spr+ good ,w9sl[ lg4 ,va4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,w9t] ,b\gh lg4 ,n4,y4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,brook ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,*eese lg4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,gre5 lg4 7,o47 ,,ii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4v4 good ,w9t] ,grixon1 ,synonym ( ,catl9e4 ,w9t] ,h>vey ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,janet m$4 8 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,w9t] ,maid5 ,blu% ,,ii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,nonsu* lg4 7,ills7 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,pe>ma9 m$47,ills7 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,w9t] ,pipp9 lg4 ,n4,y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,pipp9 lg4 ,ind4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,pipp9 ( ,mi*4 lg4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #dah ,w9t] ,pipp9 v4l4 ,vt4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,que5 lg4 ,va4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn good #dfg ,w9t] ,rambo m$4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] v4 good ,w9t] ,r$ m$47,s4,il7 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] poor ,w9t] ,/rawb]ry ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,sweet-- ,danv]s' lg4 ,mass4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,sweet--,gold5 7,n4,y47 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,sweet--7,milwads7 ,w9t] ,w9t] ,sweet ,p>adise lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,w9t] ,sweet+ ,w9?rop ,gre5+ lg4 ,me4 ,autumn good ,w9?rop ,pe>ma9 lg4 ,me4 ,w9t] good ,wond] ,s\? ,woodburn ,spitz5b]g 7,va47 ,,iv4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] ,woodl& m$4 ,n4,c4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,woodside ,cid] m$4 ,ohio ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good8 ,wood's ,gre5+ m$4 ,n4,j4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 ,wood's ,sweet lg4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,,ii4 #a4 #b4 ,autumn good ,woolfolks m$4 ,ky4 ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good8 #eji ,_w's ,wond] ,s\? ,wormsly ,pipp9 m$4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn poor ,wre/on's ,prolific ,ky4 ,wright's ,apple m$4 ,vt4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,wright's ,janet m$4 ,mo4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #fbj ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,ya*t lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good ,yadk9 lg4 ,s\? ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,autumn poor #fba ,yahaula ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,yankee ,russet 7,o47 ,yates ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,yell[ ,bellfl[] lg4 ,n4,j4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 be/ #fib ,yell[ ,crank1 ,synonym ( ,gre5 ,crank4 ,yell[ ,engli% ,crab ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,yell[ ,fo/] m$4 7,o47 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good #dah ,yell[ ,horse lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,yell[ ,+e/rie sm4 ,engl4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good8 #ehb ,yell[ ,june sm4 8 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,summ] good ,i4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,yell[ ,mead[ lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,e4 ,w9t4 good ,yell[ ,newt[n lg4 ,l4,i4 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] be/ #fdi ,yell[ ,pe>ma9 m$4 ,s\? ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,yell[ ,sib]ian ,crabsm4 ,eur4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,autumn good ,yell[ ,v&]v]e m$4 7,o47 ,,iii4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good ,yocomb's lg4 ,s\? ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,summ] good8 ,yopp's ,favorite lg4 ,ga4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 v4 good ,,ii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 ,york ,imp]ial lg4 ,p5n4 ,,iv4 ,,ii4 #b4 #a4 ,w9t] good #fic ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,york ,russet1 ,synonym ( ,pumpk9 ,russet4 ,yo/ m$4 ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #b4 #b4 ,w9t] good #dfh ,zieb] sm4 ,am4 ,,iii4 ,i4 #b4 #a4 poor ,ziesl]'s ,sweet ,p5n4 ,i4 ,i4 #a4 #a4 ,za> ,gre5+ ,ohio ,,g5]al ,,index4 ,= ,index to ! ,v>ieties ( ,apples see page #gaa4 ,! names1 giv5 bel[ 9 small caps1 ref] to head+s ( *apt]s4 ,animals 9 ! ,or*>d1 #bdh ,apex1 ,def9ition (1 #cei ,apple1 ,botanical ,"* (1 #bi ,etymology (1 #bg ,hi/ory (1 #bf ,native ,c\ntry (1 #cj ,orig9al ,sorts ( ,great ,brita91 #cj ,apples1 ,z ,food = ,/ock1 #ah ,g]>d's ,li/ ( ,sev51 #cc ,h[ ,introduc$1 #ai ,9 ,bread ,mak+1 #ag ,! ,putnam ,li/1 #be ,axis1 ,def9ition (1 #cfb ,b>k ,graft+1 #hd ,bas91 ,def9ition (1 #cei ,budd+1 ,advantages (1 #ajb ,am]ican1 #aaa ,conditions ,requisite1 #ajg ,mann] ( ,op]at+1 #aaj ,philosophy (1 #ajc ,r+1 #aad ,s4,s4 ,jackson's ,me?od1 #aab ,season =1 #ajf ,buds1 ,aft] ,treatm5t1 #aaf ,gr[? f1 #ec ,individuality (1 #ec ,remov+1 #aac ,ty+1 #aad ,callus1 #eh ,calyx1 ,describ$1 #cfj ,cavity1 ,describ$1 #cfa ,cell ,gr[?1 #eb ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,fruits1 #cej ,,classification ,,( ,,fruits1 #cff ,cleft ,graft+1 #gi ,clov] 9 ,or*>d1 #bbh ,cordon ,tra9+1 #adi ,,culture ,,( ,,or*>d1 #bdb ,cutt+s1 ,fr5* ,me?od1 #fa ,( "o ,eye1 #fb ,plant+ (1 #aca ,prep>ation (1 #eg ,,description ,,( ,,apples1 #cha ,diel's ,classification1 #cfi ,digg+ ,holes1 #bba ,nurs]y ,trees1 #abe ,trees1 #bcc ,di/ance to ,plant1 #bcg ,,diseases1 #afj ,disease1 ,apple ,blight1 #agg ,bitt] ,rot1 #agh ,black ,knot1 #ahh ,crack$ ,fruit1 #agi ,dr4 ,kirtl&'s ,views1 #agi ,effects ( ,fro/1 #aff ,effects ( ,moi/ure1 #afd ,induc$ by ,insects1 #ahe ,induc$ by ,w\nds1 #ahe ,influ5ce ( ,soil1 #afg ,lanke/]'s ,classification1 #afc ,mildew1 #agi ,p>asitic ,plants & ,fungi1 #agc ,pe> ,blight1 #agd ,poison\s ,gases1 #aga ,rot & ,mildew on ,grape1 #aie ,sun%9e 9 ,w9t]1 #aga ,do*nahl's ,classification1 #cgd ,dra9+1 #bad ,,dw>f+1 #add ,dw>f+ ! ,apple1 #aef ,by ,p9*+1 #aeb ,by ,root ,prun+1 #aef ,by ,uncong5ial ,/ocks1 #aej ,dw>f+-,/ocks1 #ade ,espali]s1 #adh ,eye 9 ,fruits1 #cfj ,flavor1 #cfe ,fle%1 ,"* (1 #cfd ,=ms ( ,fruit1 #ceb ,froz5 ,trees1 #bcd ,fruit1 ,influ5ce on ,heal?1 #af ,legislation conc]n+1 #ae ,fruit ,rooms1 #bij ,ga!r+ ,fruit1 #bhb ,gir>d9 ,side ,graft1 #hb ,girdl$ ,trees1 #he ,graft+1 #gd ,by ,approa*1 #hc ,b>k1 #hd ,*>latan1 #ca ,cleft1 #gi ,natural1 #gg ,9 ! ,nurs]y1 #hg ,physiological ,limits1 #ge ,r+1 #hd ,root1 #hh ,saddle1 #hc ,side1 #ha ,splice1 #gh ,virgil's ,advice on1 #cd ,:ip1 #gh ,graft+ ,wax1 #ig ,grasses & ,gra9s 9 ,or*>d1 #bdc ,gr[? f ,buds1 #ec ,head+ ,root ,grafts1 #id ,heel+-91 #bce ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apple1 #bf ,ho$ ,crops 9 ,or*>d1 #bdc ,home ,nurs]y1 #acf ,hybrids & ,crosses1 #ch ,ill9ois ,exp]im5ts1 #dd ,in>*+1 #hc ,indian ,or*>ds1 #bj ,inoculat+1 #ajb ,,insects1 #bid g]ians1 #cda g]ia exitiosa1 #cda poli/=mis1 #cdd pyri1 #cdd tipuli=mis1 #cdd ,alypia #h-maculata1 #cda ,am]ican ,blight1 #cah ,am]ican ,currant ,bor]1 #bii ,am]ican ,=re/]1 #cda ,anomala lucicola1 #cjd ,aphides1 #cab ,aphis c]asi1 #caf lanig]a1 #cah mali1 #cad p]sic1 #cag prunifoli1 #caf ribis1 #cah vitis1 #cag ,apple ,b>k-beetle1 #cja ,apple ,b>k-l\se1 #caj ,apple ,leaf-l\se1 #cad ,apple-root ,blight1 #cai ,apple-tree ,bor]1 #bih ,apple-twig ,bor]1 #cjj ,arctia phal]ata1 #cbe ,arma mode/a1 #cba ,aspidiotus con*i=mis1 #caj ,b>k-lice1 #caj ,beautiful ,wood-,nymph1 #ccb ,beetles1 #big ,bli/]-,flies1 #cje ,bo/ri*us bicaudatus1 #cjj ,b\nd ,tree-,bug1 #cba ,bra*yto5ia melania1 #cch ,buffalo ,tree-,hopp]1 #cba ,bugs1 #cji ,calosoma scrutator1 #cjg ,cank]-,worms1 #ccf ,c>pocapsa pomonella1 #cch ,cecidomyia grossul>i1 #cdi ,cecropia ,emp]or ,mo?1 #cbi ,c]esa bubalus1 #cba taur9a1 #cbb ,*to*ilus pometellus1 #cdj ,*]ry ,leaf-,l\se1 #caf ,*]ry-,tree ,bor]1 #bii ,*rysobo?ris femorata1 #bii ,cicada sept5decim1 #cbj ,clisiocampa decipi5s1 #cbg ,coccidians1 #caj ,cocc9elid1 #cfg ,codl+-,mo?1 #cch ,coleopt]a1 #big ,conotra*elus ,n5uph>1 #cja ,currant ,bor]1 #cdd ,currant-,mo?1 #ccg ,cut-,worms1 #ccd ,datana m9i/ra1 #ccb ,delta-,mo?s1 #ccg ,desmia maculalis1 #cch ,dic]ca div>icata1 #bii ,dipt]a1 #cde ,eight-,spott$ ,=re/]1 #cda ,ery?roneura tric9cta1 #cbb vitifex1 #cbb vitis1 #cbb vuln]ata1 #cbc ,ellopia ribe>ia1 #ccg ,eudryas grata1 #ccb unio1 #ccb ,euryomia ,inda1 #cjb ,fall ,web-,worm1 #cbe ,g>t]$ ,grape ,v9e ,plume1 #cdj ,ga/rophaca ,am]icana1 #cbi ,geomet]s1 #ccf ,gooseb]ry ,midge1 #cdi ,grape ,v9e ,bor]1 #cdd ,grape ,v9e ,fe$]s1 #cdj ,grape ,v9e ,flea-,beetle1 #cjc ,gras%opp]s1 #cjh ,gre5 ,tree-,bug1 #cba ,haltica *alybea1 #cjc ,h&-,maid ,mo?1 #ccb ,h>ness$ ,mo?1 #cbe ,hornet-,flies1 #cji ,hemipt]a1 #cji ,horn ,beetle1 #cjj ,hyb]nia tili>ia1 #ccf ,hym5opt]a1 #cde ,hyphantria textor1 #cbe ,la*no/]na fusca1 #cjb ,lady-,birds1 #cjg ,lappet-,cat]pill>1 #cbi ,leaf-,roll]s1 #ccg ,lecanium p]sici1 #caa pyri1 #caa vitis1 #cab ,lepidopt]a1 #cbd ,lepto/ylus aculif]us1 #cja ,loxotnia c]asivorana1 #cch rosaceana1 #cch ,lucanus dama1 #cjj ,macrodactylus subsp9osus1 #cfd ,mame/ra arctica1 #cce ,may ,beetle1 #cjc ,mill]1 #cbe ,mode/ ,tree-,bug1 #cba ,ne/--,cat]pill>1 #cbg ,neuropt]a1 #cde ,noctu1 #ccd ,ohis myron1 #cdj ,orgyia antiqua1 #cbe leuco/igma1 #cbd ,or?opt]a1 #cfc ,otioc]us ,coqueb]tii1 #cbc ,owlet-,mo?1 #ccd ,palo?rips mali1 #cbj ,palm]-,worm1 #cdj ,pea* ,b>k-,l\se1 #caa ,pea* ,tree ,bor]1 #cda ,pea* ,tree-,l\se1 #cag ,pe> ,b>k-,l\se1 #caa ,pe>-,blight ,beetle1 #cjj ,pe> ,bli/]-,fly1 #cjb ,pe> ,slug1 #cdg ,pe>l ,wood-,nymph1 #ccb ,philampelus satellita1 #cda ,a*emon1 #cda ,pelidnota punctata1 #cjc ,pemphigus pyri1 #cai ,p5tatoma ligata1 #cba ,p5?9a oculana1 #cch ,plant-,lice1 #cab ,platysamia cecropia1 #cbi ,plum ,leaf-,l\se1 #caf ,plum ,weevil1 #cja ,pomphopoea ,sayi1 #cjb ,procris ,am]icana1 #cda ,pr5oc]us sup]notatus1 #bii ,psylla pyri1 #cai ,pt]ophorus p]iscelidactylus1 #cdj ,raphiga/] s>p9us1 #cba ,r$uvius tr9otatus1 #cbc ,rose-,*af]1 #cjd ,ru/ic ,vapor] ,mo?1 #cbe ,sap]da bivittata1 #bih ,scolytus pyri1 #cjj ,sel&ria c]asi1 #cdg vitis1 #cdh ,sev5te5 ,ye> ,locu/1 #cbj ,span-,worms1 #ccf ,spilosoma ,virg9ica1 #cbe ,spott$-,w+$ ,sable1 #cch ,s+le-,/rip$ ,tree-,hopp]1 #cba ,t5t-,cat]pill>1 #cbg ,!lia univittata1 #cba ,?ick-legg$ ,bupre/ris1 #bii ,?ree-b&$ ,leaf-,hopp]1 #cbb ,tomicus mali1 #cja ,tortrices1 #ccg ,tree ,hopp]s1 #cbj ,tree-,prun]s1 #cjd ,vapor] ,mo?1 #cbd ,v9e ,aphis1 #cag ,v9e ,b>k-,l\se1 #cab ,v9e-,de/roy+ ,leaf-,hopp]1 #cbb ,v9e ,dress]1 #cdj ,v9e ,leaf-,hopp]1 #cbb ,:ite ,grub1 #cjb ,:ite ,mo?1 #cbe ,woolly ,aphis1 #cah ,w\nd$ ,tree-,hopp]1 #cbc ,,introduction1 #i ,johnny ,apple-se$1 #bj ,kirtl&'s ,exp]im5ts1 #dj ,lay]+ ! ,grape1 #fg ,! ,qu9ce1 #fg ,lay]s1 #ff ,manures1 #bai ,manur+ ! ,nurs]y1 #abg ,mc,knight's ,exp]im5ts1 #cf ,mul*+1 #bbg ,9 ! ,or*>d1 #bdf ,nurs]y1 #abj ,animals & ,insects 91 #adj ,culture (1 #acj ,graft+ 91 #hg ,! ,home1 #acf ,lay+ out1 #abh ,manur+1 #abg ,or*>d1 #ach ,prep>ation ( ,soil1 #abh ,site & ,soil =1 #abc ,trimm+ 91 #acd ,w9t] kill+ 91 #ach ,nyce's ,fruit ,pres]v+ ,h\se1 #bia ,ohio ,pur*ase1 #bb ,or*>d1 ,aspect (1 #bjc ,belts & ,scre5s =1 #bje ,old1 ,re-graft+1 #he ,prep>ation ( ,soil1 #bac ,site =1 #aih ,soils =1 #bjh ,pack+ ,fruit1 #bhh ,,philosophy ,,( ,,prun+1 #bea ,p9*+ ,root ,grafts1 #id ,plant+1 #bbc ,age ( ,trees =1 #ace ,cutt+s1 #aca ,di/ance1 #bcg ,mix$1 #bch ,qu9cunx1 #bdj ,root-,grafts1 #ic ,season =1 #bbf-bcf ,pl[+1 #baf ,9 ! ,or*>d1 #bde ,old ,or*>ds1 #bej ,pomatum1 #cd ,p\ltry 9 ! ,or*>d1 #bdh ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,soil ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d1 #bac ,prep>+ ,trees to ,plant1 #bbd ,prong$ ,hoe1 #aca ,,propagation1 ,,sect4 ,i1 #eb ,,propagation1 ,,sect4 ,,ii4--,,graft+1 #gd ,,propagation1 ,,sect4 ,,iii4--,,budd+1 #ajb ,,propagation1 ,,sect4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,nurs]y1 #abj ,propagation by ,cutt+s1 #eg ,suck]s1 #fc ,lay]s1 #ff ,se$s1 #gj ,prun+1 ,objects (1 #beb ,season =1 #bfj ,summ]1 #bei ,"y ,trees1 #bef ,puddl+1 #bcc ,qu9cunx ,plant+1 #bdj ,re-graft+ ,old ,or*>ds1 #he ,ri*>d ,side ,graft1 #hb ,r+ ,budd+1 #aad ,r+ ,graft+1 #hd ,,rip5+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,fruits1 #bge ,roots ,affect$ by ,soil1 #abc ,fibr\s1 ,desirable1 #abd ,root ,cutt+s1 #eh ,root-,graft+1 #hh ,root-,grafts1 ,plant+1 #ic ,treatm5t (1 #id ,root-,prun+1 #abd-adg ,saddle ,graft+1 #hc ,scions1 #ajj ,"t to ,cut1 #ajj ,pres]vation (1 #ajj ,season = ,plant+1 #bcf ,se$l+s1 ,treatm5t (1 #gb ,se$s1 ,=ms (1 #cfd ,pres]v+1 #gj ,s[+1 #ga ,,selection ,,& ,,plant+1 #bbi ,%rivel$ ,trees1 #bcf ,side ,graft+1 #ha ,silas ,:>ton1 #bd ,,site ,,= ,,an ,,or*>d1 #aih ,size ( ,fruits1 #cef ( ,trees1 #bcj ,sk9 ( ,fruits1 ,*>act]s (1 #cef ,small ,fruits 9 ,or*>d1 #bch ,splice ,graft+1 #gh ,/akes1 #bba ,/em1 ,k9ds (1 #cfb ,/ocks1 ,dw>f+1 #ade ,/ock-,graft+1 #ie ,/ool-,lay]+1 #fh ,/or+ ,fruit1 #bhf ,subsoil+1 #bah ,suck]s1 #fc ,sw9e 9 ! ,or*>d1 #bdh ,,?9n+1 #bfc ,?omas' ,classification1 #cfg ,trees1 ,age = ,plant+1 #ace ,tree ,digg]1 ,h>kness'1 #abf ,tr5*+1 #baf ,trimm+ 9 ,nurs]y1 #acd ,root ,grafts1 #id ,ty+1 #gi ,value ( ,or*>d ,products1 #aj ,van ,mons' ,!ory1 #dj ,v>ieties ,runn+ ,out1 #dg ,w>d]'s ,classification1 #cgi ,wax1 ,graft+1 #ig ,:ip-,graft+1 #gh ,w9t]-,kill+1 #bjf ,9 ,nurs]y1 #ach 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,typographical errors correct$ 9 text3 ,page #aj3 /atician replac$ ) /ati/ician ,page #bb3 ,j]sy replac$ ) ,j]sey ,page #bb3 p>ellel replac$ ) p>allel ,page #bg3 ,wel* replac$ ) ,wel% ,page #ce3 ,*i/ian replac$ ) ,*ri/ian ,page #de3 beatifully replac$ ) beautifully ,page #eg3 m]i?alls replac$ ) m]i?allus ,page #ge3 simili>ity replac$ ) simil>ity ,page #hh3 guage replac$ ) gauge ,page #ajc3 effect$ replac$ ) affect$ ,page #aac3 tranv]se replac$ ) transv]se ,page #aec3 develope replac$ ) develop ,page #afc3 develope replac$ ) develop ,page #aii3 sudjac5t replac$ ) subjac5t ,page #caj3 ,,coccidans replac$ ) ,,coccidians ,page #cai3 subtance replac$ ) sub/ance ,page #cbg3 vig\sly replac$ ) vigor\sly ,page #ccd3 sid]able replac$ ) consid]able ,page #cei3 n>[ replac$ ) n>r[ ,page #cff3 ,,do*nal replac$ ) ,,do*nahl ,page #cff3 ,,do*nal',s replac$ ) ,,do*nahl',s ,page #cfh3 ,do*nal replac$ ) ,do*nahl ,page #dbh3 cions replac$ ) scions ,page #dfc3 ,figure #aae *ang$ to ,figure #aad ,page #dfd3 ,figure #aaf *ang$ to ,figure #aae ,page #dff3 ,figure #aag *ang$ to ,figure #aaf ,page #dfg3 synonims replac$ ) synonyms ,page #dgi3 synonims replac$ ) synonyms 7two times7 ,page #dhb3 lea!r-crak$ replac$ ) lea!r-crack$ ,page #ejc3 somewat replac$ ) some:at ,page #edb3 nursey replac$ ) nurs]y ,page #eej3 unk[n replac$ ) unkn[n ,page #efh3 sometimess replac$ ) sometimes ,page #eij3 ,nonp>iel replac$ ) ,nonp>eil ,page #eig3 ot replac$ ) to ,page #fjb3 %ipd+ replac$ ) %ipp+ ,page #fcg3 cions replac$ ) scions ,page #fci3 ,do*nal's replac$ ) ,do*nahl's ,page #fdj3 ,frut replac$ ) ,fruit ,page #ffe3 ,massa*setts replac$ ) ,massa*usetts ,page #fhb3 ,ausu/ replac$ ) ,augu/ ,page #gjd3 ,nonp>iel replac$ ) ,nonp>eil ,page #gjf3 ,russett replac$ ) ,russet ,page #gda3 ,euryomyia ,inda replac$ ) ,euryomia ,inda ,page #gdb3 ,applese$ replac$ ) ,apple-se$ ,page #gbj3 ,catl9 replac$ ) ,catl9e ,page #gci3 ,girad9 replac$ ) ,gir>d9 ,page #gdj3 poii/=mis replac$ ) poli/=mis ,page #gdj3 ,aspidotus replac$ ) ,aspidiotus ,page #gdj3 ,clisocampa replac$ ) ,clisiocampa ,page #gda3 ,ery?ron5ra replac$ ) ,ery?roneura ,page #gda3 ,eilopia replac$ ) ,ellopia ,page #gda3 tilli>ia replac$ ) tili>ia ,page #gda3 ,orygia replac$ ) ,orgyia ,page #gda3 ,paleo?rips replac$ ) ,palo?rips ,page #gda3 ,p5?ia replac$ ) ,p5?9a ,page #gda3 ,bupe/ris replac$ ) ,bupre/ris ,page #gdc3 ,progagation replac$ ) ,propagation ,! foll[+ words are correct3 ,page #gb3 dr\? is a legitimate spell+ = dr\ght ,page #id3 hight is a legitimate spell+ = height ,page #ccd3 hyb]nate is a legitimate spell+ = hib]nate ,page #cfe3 commonalty means ,! common p2 ^? classes & conditions ( p :o are bel[ ! rank ( nobility2 ! commons4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99