,,! ,,contempor>y ,,pulpit ,,libr>y     
,,s]mons    ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,"r ,,rev4 
,j4 ,b4 ,,lightfoot1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 
,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,durham4              
,illu/ration    ,,new ,,york3   ,,?omas 
,,:ittak]1   #b ,,& #c1 ,,bible ,,h\se4 
#ahij4       ,,cont5ts4#a               
,,page    ,,be!l                        
#a    ,,! ,,consci\sness ,,( ,,s9       
,,heav5',s ,,pa?way                 #ag 
,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,israel ,,an ,,argum5t
 ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,(     ,,*ri/ianity       
#bi    ,,! ,,vision ,,( ,,god           
#dc    ,,! ,,heav5ly ,,tea*]            
#ee    ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,paganism4     
,i4                           #fe       
,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,paganism4  ,,ii4     
#hc    ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,paganism4     
,,iii4                          #ajj    
,,woman ,,& ,,! ,,gospel                
#aaf    ,,pilate                        
#abi    ,,! ,,ph>isee ,,& ,,! ,,publican
                            #ade        
,,our ,,citiz5%ip                       
#aeg    ,,ambition                      

#agj     ,s]mons    ,,by ,,! ,,late     
,,"r ,,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,lightfoot1 ,d4,d41
 ,d4,c4,l41   ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,durham4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,be!l4#b   ,surely ! ,"l is 9 ?is  
place1 & ,i knew x n4--,,g54  xxviii4   
#af4   ,an unobtrusive1 unimpressive    
sc5e1 almo/ indi/+ui%able1 ev5 to !     
curi\s eye ( ! ar*aeologi/1 9 ! maze (  
undi/+ui%$ hills :i* encompass x--) no?+
 to attract ! eye1 & no?+ to fire !     
imag9ation2 l>ge slabs ( b>e rock       
trav]s$ by a well-worn ?or\ghf>e2 no    
religio loci1 no awful %ades1 no l(ty   
hills4 ,s is ! site ( ,be!l describ$ by 
! mod]n travell]4 ,yet ?is 0 none o!r   
?an ! ,h\se ( ,god2 ?is 0 ! v gate (    
heav54  ,an unimpressive sc5e 9 itself1 
b appe>+ /ill m commonplace1 :5 contra/$
 ) ! fam\s %r9es ( hea!ndom--! rock     
=tress ( ! ,a!ne1 or ! pleasant groves (
 ,daphne1 or ! clov5 peak ( ,p>nassus1  
or ! sea-girt sanctu>y ( ,delos4 ,no    
beauty1 no gr&eur1 no?+ ( lovel9ess &   
no?+ ( awe1 no?+ exceptional ( any k9d  

:i* c expla9 or ju/ify its selection4 ,0
 !re n gr\nd = ! w&]]'s surprise on t   
memorable night8 ,:y %\ld ?is "o spot be
 *os5 to plant ! foot ( ! ladd] :i*     
connect$ heav5 & e>?8 ,:y 9 ?is bleak   
wild]ness8 ,:y amid/ ^! b>e rocks8 ,:y  
"h ( all places 9 ! _w8 ,yes1 :y "h8  ,!
 p>adox ( ,be!l is ! p>adox ( !         
,gospel--is ! p>adox ( ,god's spiritual 
disp5sations at all times4 ,!           
,inc>nation itself 0 ! supreme          
manife/ation ( ?is p>adox4 ,! build+ up 
( ! ,*ur* 0 ! prop] sequel to !         
,inc>nation4  ,look at ! accompanim5ts (
 ! ,inc>nation4 ,c\ld any environm5t (  
circum/ances well h be5 imag9$ m        
incongru\s1 m ali5 to ?is unique ev5t 9 
human hi/ory1 ?is supreme revelation (  
,god's wisdom1 & p[]1 & b5efic5ce8 ,an  
obscure corn] ( ! ,roman _w--an         
insignificant & d[n-trodd5 race1 scorn$ 
& hat$ by ! re/ ( mank9d--an ox-/all = a
 nurs]y1 & a c>p5t]'s %op = a s*ool--:at
 is want+ to complete ! p>adox8 ,yes1   
!re is /ill "o feature to be add$ to !  

picture--! cr[n+ incongruity ( all--!   
felon's dea? on ! cross4 ,said n !      
prophet rightly1 :5 he =etold t !re %\ld
 be no?+ lovely 9 ,8 life &             
circum/ances1 z m5 c\nt lovel9ess2 no =m
 or comel9ess2 no beauty t we %\ld      
desire him8  ,& ! same p>adox1 :i* rul$ 
! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1 ext5d$ also to   
its build+ up4 ,! great /atesm51 !      
p[]ful capta9s1 9 ! k+dom ( ,god 7      
fi%]m5 & t5t-mak]s4 ,nev] 0 ?is         
*>act]i/ic incongruity ( ! ,gospel m    
signally manife/$ ?an 9 ! prea*+ ( ,/4  
,paul at ,a!ns4 ,h we ev] realiz$ ! =ce 
( t s+le ^w ) :i* ! hi/orian describes !
 impression left on ! ,apo/le's m9d by  
?is f>-fam$ city8 ,gaz+ on ! mo/ sublime
 & beautiful creations ( ,greek art1 !  
ma/]pieces ( ,phidias & ,praxiteles1 he 
has no eye = _! beauty or _! sublimity4 
,he pi]ces ?r\gh ! veil ( ! mat]ial &   
transitory1 & beh9d ?is semblance (     
grace & glory ! true nature ( ?+s       
reveals itself4 ,to him ?is *ief c5tre (
 human culture & intellig5ce1 ?is--     

,eye ( ,greece1 "m ( arts     ,&        
eloqu5ce1  appe>s only z kazeidolos1    
ov]run ) idols1 beset ) phantoms :i*    
mislead1 & vanities :i* corrupt4 ,art & 
culture are ,god's own gifts1 legitimate
 embelli%m5ts ( life1 ev5 ( wor%ip1 :i* 
is ! highe/ =m ( life4 ,b if culture    
aims at displac+ religion1 if art seeks 
to de?rone ,god1--:y1 !n1 9 ! highe/    
int]e/s ( humanity1 be x our pray] t !  
sword ( ! b>b>ian & ! axe ( ! iconocla/ 
may desc5d once m1 & sweep !m ru?lessly 
away4 ,!re 01 at lea/1 ?is r$eem+       
feature 9 anci5t art1 t x gave          
expression to :atsoev] s5se ( ! ,div9e  
lay buri$ 9 ! hea!n m9d4 ,b art &       
culture1 :i* /udi\sly ignore ,god--:at c
 be said = ^!8 ,9 ?is "o ^w kazeidolos  
lies ! g]m ( t fi]ce & protract$ /ruggle
 ( ,*ri/ianity ) ,paganism1 :i* end$    
inde$ 9 a spl5did victory1 ?\gh n )\t   
inflict+ _m a w\nd on humanity ( :i* !  
sc>s & seams /ill rema94 ,not)/&+ !     
m]ciless sc(fs ( a ,celsus & ! bit+     
s>casm ( a ,julian--! ,apo/le's words 7 

v]ifi$ 9 _! lit]al tru?4 ,/r5g? 0 made  
p]fect 9 weakness4 ,god *ose ! fooli%   
?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise1 aye1 & !  
uncomely ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd !        
beautiful4 ,! ?+s :i* are n1 br\ght to  
n\ght ! ?+s :i* are4  ,s !n 9 its       
accompanim5ts1 n less ?an 9 its ma9     
idea1 ?is incid5t at ,be!l is a type ( !
 ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,?is exile1 !         
repres5tative ( ! ,israel aft] ! fle%1  
prefigures a great] outca/ & w&]]1 !    
repres5tative ( ! ,israel aft] ! _s1 !  
repres5tative ( ! :ole family ( man4    
,?is ladd] re>$ up f e>? to heav51 :]eby
 angels asc5d & desc5d1 :at is x b !    
,inc>nation ( ! ,et]nal ,^w1 :]e9 ,god  
is made man1 & man is tak5 up into ,god8
 ,?is x is :i* e/abli%es ! title (      
,*ri/ianity z ! absolute & f9al religion
 ( ! _w--?is indissoluble union ( !     
human ) ! div9e--?is "o only adequate   
response to ! deepe/ religi\s crav+s (  
mank9d4 ,h5ce ! ,*ur* has ev] clung ) a 
t5acity ( grasp1 :i* %all[ he>ts c\ld   
ill und]/&1 to ?is c5tral idea1 !       

indefeasible w$lock ( heav5 & e>? 9 !   
,god-man4 ,& to ^? ^: sight is purg$ by 
fai?1 to ^? :o are gift$ ) ! eye ( !    
,_s1 ! vision ( ,be!l w be v\*saf$ ) a  
f> m exce$+ glory3 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say
 unto y1 ,h]eaft] ye %all see heav5 op5 
& ! angels ( ,god asc5d+ & desc5d+ ^u ! 
,son ( ,man3 on ! ,son ( ,man3 yes1 & on
 ?yself too1 ,o man1 = ?\ art "o ) ?is  
,son ( ,man1 "o ) ! ,fa!r 9 ,him4       
,gift$ ) ! eye ( ! ,_s1 ,i say2 = 9 va9 
! heav5s are riv5 asund]1 & ! glory     
/reams =?1 & all ?+s are flood$ ) light1
 if ! capacity ( vision be abs5t4 ,only 
! cold b>e /ones b5ea?1 only ! midnight 
gloom ov]head1 only ! dre>y1 monoton\s  
wa/e ar\nd1 ^! & ^! alone are visible   
o!rwise4 ,we h be5 sadd5$1 p]haps we h  
be5 disconc]t$1 z rec5tly we read !     
dre>y epitaph :i* sums up ! cre$ ( a    
brilliant man ( sci5ce n long s9ce      
deceas$--a hopeless1 s\l-less1 lifeless 
cre$1 to :i* 8 own v faculties &        
acquisitions appe> to u to give ! lie4  
,we h be5 sadd5$ ju/ly2 b :y %\ld we be 

disconc]t$8 ,god be ?ank$1 ! mo/        
absolute *ildlike fai? has n unfrequ5tly
 be5 f\nd unit$ ) ! highe/ sci5tific    
intellect4 ,we 9 ?is place h nev] yet   
lack$ bright examples ( su* a union1 &  
,god grant we nev] may4 ,b :at "r h we  
to expect x z a matt] ( c\rse8 ,:at     
claim d ! mo/ brilliant ma!matical      
faculties1 or ! ke5e/ s*ol>ly in/9cts1  
give to a man to speak ) au?ority on !  
?+s ( ! ,_s8 ,are we n told on au?ority 
be=e :i* we b[ t a special faculty is   
ne$$ = ?is special k2 t eye ha? n se5 & 
e> ha? n he>d2 t only ! ,_s ( ,god--!   
,_s :i* ,he v\*safes to ,8 sons--kn[e? !
 ?+s ( ,god8 ,& does n all analogy en=ce
 ! tru? ( ?is lesson8 ,"o man has a     
ke5ly s5sitive musical e>1 b he is      
col\r-bl9d4 ,ano!r has a quick eye = !  
fa9te/ gradations ( col\r1 b he _c      
di/+ui% "o note ( music f ano!r4 ,does !
 imp]fect eye ( ! "o "k any haze (      
unc]ta9ty ov] ! hues ( ! ra9b[2 or !    
obtuse e> ( ! o!r disp>age ! ma/] works 
( a ,h&el1 or a ,moz>t1 or a ,bee?ov58  

,"h is a ma!matician :o sees 9 a sublime
 creation ( imag9ative g5ius only a     
tissue ( unprov5 hypo!ses2 & "h is a    
poet1 to :om ! pla9e/ processes (       
algebra1 & ! simple/ problems 9         
geometry1 are m]e b>b>ian gabble1       
convey+ no di/9ct impression to ! bra91 
& leav+ no intelligible idea on ! m9d4  
,judge no man 9 ?is matt]4 ,to 8 own    
ma/] he /&s or falls4 ,b judge          
y\rselves4 ,yes1 sp>e no rig\r & relax  
no vigilance :5 ! judge is ! crim9al    
also4 ,believe x1 ?is spiritual faculty 
is an inf9itely subtle & delicate       
me*anism4 ,y _c trifle ) x1 _c r\ghly   
h&le x1 _c neglect x & suff] x to ru/ f 
disuse1 )\t inf9ite p]il to y\rselves4  
,no?+--n ! highe/ intellectual ga9s--c  
comp5sate y = its injury or its loss4 ,!
 private pray] me*anically repeat$1 !n  
hurri$ ov]1 !n int]mitt$1 & at la/      
dropp$2 ! devotional read+ f\nd to be   
daily m irksome1 because suff]$ to be   
daily m li/less2 ! valuable moral &     
spiritual discipl9e ( ! e>ly morn+      

*apel1 gradually neglect$2 ! unobtrusive
 opportunities ( witness+ = ,*ri/ by    
de$s ( k9dness & words ( wisdom suff]$  
to slip by1--^!1 & su* z ^!1 are !      
unfail+ indications ( spiritual decl9e2 
till disuse is foll[$ by p>alysis1 &    
p>alysis ends 9 dea?2 & y are left )\t  
,god 9 ! _w4 ,& yet :5 aga9--y "y m5--:5
 aga91 9 ! ye>s to come1 c y hope t !   
conditions ( y\r life w be z fav\rable  
to ?is spiritual self-discipl9e z !y are
 n[8 ,:]e else d y expect to f9d 9 !    
same degree ! opportunities = private   
m$itation & retirem5t1 ! daily common   
pray] & ! frequ5t communions1 ! inspir+ 
& sanctify+ fri5d%ips1 ! :olesome       
occupation = ! m9d & ! heal?y           
recreations = ! body1 e appliance & e   
aid :i*1 if y w employ !m aright1 nei!r 
disus+ !m nor misus+ !m1 w comb9e to    
build up & to p]fect ! man ( ,god8      
,*oose ye1 ?is day4 ,to y1 m especially1
 ,i appeal :o h rec5tly comm5c$ y\r     
resid5ce "h1 & to :om1 !re=e1 ) ! *ang$ 
conditions ( life a height5$ ideal (    

life also is sugge/$4 ,?is is ! mom5t\s 
alt]native4 ,%all y\r life h]eaft] be   
typifi$ by ! b>r5 rocks & ! monoton\s   
wa/e1 h>d & dre>y1 if no?+ worse2 or    
%all x be illum9$ )9 & ar\nd ) !        
effulg5ce ( ,god's own pres5ce1 s t--   
,! e>? & e common sight       ,to y %all
 seem     ,app>ell$ 9 cele/ial light1   
,! glory & ! fre%ness ( a dream8  ,a    
dream8 nay1 n a dream1 b an ev]la/+     
reality1 et]nal1 z ,god's own be+ is    
et]nal4  ,!re are two ways ( look+ on ! 
relations betwe5 ! ?+s ( ?is life & !   
?+s ( et]nity4 ,a false & a true4 ,!    
false way reg>ds ! "o z ! rejection ( ! 
o!r4 ,!y are reciprocally exclusive4 ,! 
avocations1 ! int]e/s1 ! amusem5ts (    
daily life--nature & hi/ory1 poetry &   
art--^! are s _m h9drances to ! heav5ly 
life4 ,e mom5t giv5 to "w is a mom5t    
subtract$ f pray]--?us ! inw>d life     
becomes a con/ant reflection ^u !       
conditions ( ! outw>d4 ,?is is ! _s :i* 
( old peopl$ ! des]t ) an*orites2 ! _s  
:i* 9 all ages1 ?\gh "u div]s =ms1 has  

made a religion ( selfi%ness4 ,?is is ! 
voice :i* cries1 ,lo1 "h6 & lo1 !re6    
?\gh all ! :ile ! k+dom ( heav5 is )9 u1
 9 ! v mid/ ( u4 ,! true conception is !
 rev]se ( all ?is4 ,its ideal is n a    
sep>ation1 b an id5tification ( ! two4  
,x takes its /& on ! old maxim labor>e  
e/ or>e4 ,x /rives t its "w %all be     
pray]1 & its pray] %all be "w4 ,nature &
 hi/ory to x are n ! veil ( ,god's      
pres5ce2 !y are ! inve/iture ( ,god's   
glory4 ,&1 !re=e1 to x is v\*saf$ !     
vision ( grace1 & com=t1 & /r5g?1 z to !
 patri>*s ( old4 ,! solit>y w&]] along !
 dre>y ?or\ghf>e ( ?is life lays himself
 d[n4 ,he has no?+ b ! b>e /ones b5ea? =
 a c\*1 & no?+ b ! midnight sky ov]head 
= a t5t4 ,he closes 8 eyes = a mom5t2 & 
! :ole place is flood$ ) glory4 ,ah6 !  
,"l 0 9 ?is place1 ?\gh he knew x n2 b  
he kn[s x n[--kn[s x 9 ! access ( /r5g?1
 kn[s x 9 ! promise ( hope1 kn[s x 9 !  
cele/ial voice & ! ineffable light4 ,all
 ! common int]e/s ( life--!             
associations1 ! amusem5ts1 ! c>es1 !    

hopes1 ! fri5d%ips1 ! conflicts--all are
 inve/$ ) a dignity & an awe unsuspect$ 
be=e4 ,rev]5ce is h5ce=? ! rul+ _s ( 8  
life4 ,?is monoton\s r\nd ( commonplace 
toils & commonplace pleasures is none   
o!r ?an ! ,h\se ( ,god4 ,?is b>r51 /ony 
?or\ghf>e ( life is ! v portal ( heav54 
,to read ^! hi]oglyphics trac$ on       
nature1 on hi/ory1 on ! human s\l--to   
deciph] ?is h&writ+ ( ,god :]esoev] x   
appe>s1 & :]e does x n appe>8--is !     
ultimate & f9al /udy ( man4 ,all hi/ory 
is a p>able ( ,god's deal+s2 & we mu/   
le>n ! int]pretation ( ! p>able4 ,all   
nature is a sacram5t ( ,god's be+ &     
attributes1 & we mu/ /rive to pi]ce     
?r\gh ! outw>d sign to ! inw>d mean+4   
,to realize ,god's pres5ce1 to he>      
,god's voice1 to see ,god's visage1--let
 ?is be h5ce=? ! aim & ! discipl9e ( our
 lives4 ,s at l5g? we %all pass f ,be!l 
to ,p5iel--f ! palace c\rts to ! pres5ce
 *amb] itself4 ,we %all see ,god face to
 face4 ,x is a vision ( p[]1 ( maje/y1 (
 awe unspeakable2 b x is a vision also (

 purification1 ( light1 ( /r5g?1 ( life4
 ,! bless+ is won at l5g? by t long     
lonely wre/l+ "u ! midnight sky4 ,!     
fraud1 ! worldl9ess1 ! self-seek+ is    
?r[n (f l a sl\gh4 ,all is *ang$4 ,old  
?+s h pass$ away4 ,! supplant$ rises f !
 /ruggle1 ! supplant] rises no m1 b !   
,israel1 ! ,pr9ce1 :o has p[] ) ,god & )
 m54 ,%all n ,moses' pray] !n be our    
pray]1 ,"l1 ,i besee* ,!e1 %[ me ,?y    
glory8  ,%[ me ,?y glory4 ,:]e else %all
 ?is glory reveal itself if n 9 ! /udies
 ( ?is place8 ,^! prop]ties ( numb]s1 ^!
 selections ( space1 ^! ph5om5a ( light1
 ( heat1 ( en]gy1 ( life1 ( language1 ( 
?\ght1 :at are !y8 ,individual facts to 
be record$1 arrang$1 tabulat$1 m>%all$  
"u sev]al heads1 :i* we call laws1 &    
hav+ s call$ !m1 ) a /range             
self-complac5cy & cont5tm5t fold our    
h&s1 z if no?+ m 7 to be done1 z if by !
 m]e imposition ( a "n we _h cr[n$ !m   
absolute sov]eigns ( ! ,univ]se8 ,or are
 !y manife/ations--p>tial1 inde$1 & ne$+
 to be supplem5t$--( a p[]1 a maje/y1 a 

wisdom1 an ord]1 a b5efic5ce1 a f9ality1
 a on5ess1 a ,"o1 :o is %[n to u z !    
,et]nal ,fa!r 9 ! revelation ( ! ,et]nal
 ,son8 ,c we af=d to look d[n f ! s]5e  
heights ( mod]n sci5ce & culture on !   
untutor$ ,indian1 :o saw ,god's face 9 !
 %ift+ cl\ds1 & he>d ,god's voice 9 !   
:i/l+ w9ds8 ,nay1 0 !re n a tru? 9 ?is  
*ildi% ignorance :i* ?reat5s to elude ! 
grasp ( our manhood's wisdom8 ,0 x      
altoge!r a baseless dream 9 ^? /oic     
,pan!i/s1 :o end[$ ea* sev]al planet )  
an animat+ _s ( its own8 altoge!r a wild
 fancy 9 ^? ,*ri/ian fa!rs assign+ to   
ea* its p>ticul> angel1 :o %\ld :irl x  
?r\gh space & hold x 9 its c\rse8 ,0 x n
 r a ,div9e in/9ct feel+ aft] a high]   
tru?8 ,human life _c re/ satisfi$ ) !   
sci5ce ( ph5om5a alone4 ,x ne$s to      
supplem5t sci5ce ) poetry4 ,& ! true1 ! 
absolute1 ! f9al poetry is ! recognition
 ( ,god ! ,creator & ,gov]nor1 ( ,god ! 
all-wise & all-p[]ful1 ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 !
 ,r$eem]1 ! ,sanctifi]1 ( ,god ! et]nal 
love4 ,bless$ are !y :o h eyes to       

see1--?us to !m      ,! meane/ fl[] t   
bl[s c give     ,?\ghts t d (t5 lie too 
deep = te>s4  ,?\ghts ( immortality1 (  
wisdom1 ( light1 ( love4  ,%[ me ,?y    
,glory1 :]e else aga9 %all ,8 glory be  
se51 if n 9 ^? fri5d%ips :i* are ! cr[n+
 gift ( ,univ]sity life8 ,?is intimate  
communion ( s\l ) s\l1 ?is l9k+ ( he>t )
 he>t1 is x m]ely a matt] ( human       
conv5i5ce1 ( human pref]5ce1 or has x a 
,div9e side also8 ,?is love1 ?is        
devotion1 ?is reliance ( ! weak on !    
/rong1 ?is rev]5ce = a nature pur]1     
nobl]1 m upright1 m manly1 m unselfi%   
?an y\r own--:at is its mean+8 ,x is a  
preci\s1 unspeakably preci\s1 gift (    
,god1 y w say--f> beyond weal?1 or fame1
 or popul>ity1 or ease1 or any e>?ly    
boon ( :i* y c conceive4 ,yes1 b x is m 
?an ?is4 ,may we n call x 9 "s s5se a   
sacram5t1 a sign & a p>able ( y\r       
relation to y\r ,"l8 ,y are aw$--no o!r 
^w w express ?is feel+--y are aw$ ) !   
hon\r done to y by ?is fri5d%ip4 ,y d n 
talk mu* ab\t x--x is too sacr$ a ?+--b 

y d feel x4 ,y confess to y\rself day & 
night y\r own unwor?9ess4 ,& yet1 ?\gh y
 /rive to be wor?y1 y w\ld n wi% to feel
 wor?y4 ,! v s5se ( undes]v$ness inve/s 
! gift ) a b\ntifulness & a glory :i* y 
w\ld n =ego4 ,! f\nta9s ( y\r ?anksgiv+ 
w\ld cease to fl[ freely if y claim$ x z
 a "r2 & x is a joyful & a pleasant ?+  
to be ?ankful4 ,apply ?is exp]i5ce to ! 
inf9itely high] gift ( ,*ri/'s fri5d%ip1
 ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice4 ,h]e9 lies ! p[] (
 ! ,cross--:i* m5 call$ & /ill call     
weakness--! p[] :i* awes1 inspires1     
en]gises1 :i* elevates ! he>t &         
sanctifies ! life--h]e9 ?is feel+ (     
b\ndless ?anksgiv+ arises f ?is s5se (  
absolute undes]v$ness4 ,= is x n true1 t
 ^? w love mo/ to :om mo/ is giv5 &     
=giv58 ,s !n ?is y\r fri5d%ip is f\nd to
 be none o!r ?an ! ,h\se ( ,god4 ,! ,"l 
is 9 ?is place1 & happy are ye if ye "k 
x4  ,once aga92 look into y\r own s\l1 &
 :at d y f9d !re8 ,yes1 ye y\rselves are
 ! temple ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,he is         
!re--!re1 :e!r y w or n4 ,?r\gh y\r     

reason1 ?r\gh y\r consci5ce1 ?r\gh y\r  
remorses & regrets1 ?r\gh y\r capacity (
 am5dm5t1 ?r\gh y\r aspirations &       
ideals1 ,he speaks to y4 ,y are ,8      
co9age4 ,8 image & sup]scription are    
/amp$ ^u y4 ,aye1 & ,he has also        
re-/amp$ y1 re-creat$ y1 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus 
by ! e>ne/ ( ,8 ,_s4 ,if x be true ( y\r
 body t x is fe>fully & wond]fully made1
 is x n f> m true ( y\r s\l8 ,h5ce=w>d y
 w reg>d y\rself ) awe & rev]5ce1 z a   
sanctu>y ( ! et]nal goodness4 ,y w n1 y 
d>e n1 pr(ane ?is sanctu>y4 ,"h is !    
true self-respect--nay1 n self-respect1 
= self is abas$1 self is ov]aw$1 self   
veils ! face & falls pro/rate 9 !       
pres5ce ( ,inf9ite ,wisdom1 & ,purity1 &
 ,love ?us reveal$4 ,surely1 surely !   
,"l 0 9 ?is place--9 ?is poor1          
self-seek+1 re/less1 rebelli\s s\l (    
m9e1 & ,i1 ,i ?\ght x a common ?+1 ,i   
w5t on my way he$less1 ,i foll[$ my own 
devices & desires1 ,i knew x n4  ,9     
conclusion1 ,i h be5 ask$ to plead be=e 
y to-day a cause :i* x %\ld n require _m

 words ( m9e to en=ce4 ,! ,b>nwell &    
,*e/]ton ,cl]gy ,fund appeals to y ye>  
by ye> = aid4 ,( all claims ?is 7,i say 
x advis$ly7 %\ld be a fir/ *>ge on !    
lib]ality ( memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,^!  
popul\s & gr[+ suburbs are creat$ by y\r
 ne$s4 ,!y are *iefly peopl$ by college 
s]vants & o!rs = :om y are responsible4 
,zeal\s cl]gy are will+ to "w = ! "w's  
sake 9 ^! di/ricts commonly = /ip5ds :i*
 no "o c\ld call remun]ative--sometimes 
= no /ip5ds at all4 ,& yet x is /ill !  
same old /ory :i* ,i rememb] ye>s ago4  
,!re is /ill ! same difficulty 9 meet+  
curr5t exp5ses2 /ill ! same fe> le/ !   
spiritual ma*9]y %\ld be impair$ = lack 
( funds2 /ill ! same prec>i\s h&-to-m\? 
exi/5ce1 ( :i* we he>d compla9t 9 ye>s  
pa/4 ,is x q cr$itable t matt]s %\ld g  
on ?us8 ,9 a ?\s& ways y all1 "s        
directly1 "s indirectly1 y all are      
reap+1 mat]ially1 intellectually1 or    
spiritually ! fruits ga!r$ f ! lib]ality
 ( pa/ ages8 ,w y n make an adequate    
return8 ,/eady1 cont9u\s subscriptions  

are ne$$4 ,a lib]al response to ?is     
day's appeal is ne$$4 ,! ,fund is l>gely
 dep5d5t on ! proce$s ( ! ,univ]sity    
,s]mon4 ,n less ?an a hundr$ p\nds w    
suffice to meet all requirem5ts4 ,w y n 
give x ?is day1 ei!r 9 ?is *ur*1 or 9   
contributions s5t aft]w>ds to !         
treasur]8 ,?9k n t y he> only ! poor    
words ( ! prea*] 9 ?is appeal4 ,*ri/    
,himself pleads ) y4 ,*ri/'s own words  
r+ 9 y\r e>s1 ,ye did x1 ye did x n1 to 
,me4 ,ah1 yes1 ! ,"l 0 9 ?is place--9   
?is we>y plead+ ( ! prea*]1 9 ^! trite  
commonplaces ( spiritual ne$3 & we1 we  
knew x n4 ,god grant t y may "k x 9 "t4 
,god =bid t ,he %\ld ev] say to y1 ,i   
knew y n4     ,,! ,,consci\sness ,,(    
,,s9 ,,heav5',s ,,pa?way4#c   ,:5 ,simon
 ,pet] saw x1 he fell d[n at ,jesus'    
knees1 say+1  ,dep>t f me2 = ,i am a    
s9ful man1 ,o ,"l4--,,luke v4 #h4   ,to 
^? :o se>* ! ,scriptures1 n because 9 !m
 !y ?9k !y h et]nal life1 b because 9 !m
 !y tru/ to f9d hi/orical difficulties1 
?is acc\nt ( ,/4 ,pet]'s call has seem$ 

to rew>d _! se>*4 ,! n>rative inde$1 is 
simple & in>tificial 9 itself2 !        
incid5ts foll[ 9 a natural ord]2 !      
traits ( "* are wond]fully reali/ic &   
lifelike4 ,!re is confess$ly an air (   
tru?fulness ab\t ! :ole /ory2 b h[--h[1 
x is ask$--c ?is acc\nt be reconcil$ ) !
 n>rative giv5 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel8   
,!re we h a :olly diff]5t /ory ( ,/4    
,pet]'s call4 ,8 bro!r ,&rew is a s*ol> 
( ! ,bapti/4 ,! ,bapti/ po9ts out ,jesus
 to ,&rew & to a fell[-disciple4 ,!y    
foll[ ,jesus2 !y are accept$ by ,him2 !y
 lodge t day ) ,him2 !y are conv9c$ t   
,he is ! ,*ri/4 ,&rew takes 8 bro!r     
,simon to ,jesus2 ,jesus receives him4  
,?\ art ,simon1 ! son ( ,jona4 ,?\ %alt 
be call$ ,cephas4 ,?is acc\nt also is   
p]fectly pla91 b h[ c ! two be h>monis$8
 ,h we n "h1 x is said1 two             
irreconcilable n>ratives--9 fact1 two   
di/9ct leg5ds ( ! call ( ,/4 ,pet]8  ,i 
h m ?an once rem>k$ t ! app>5t moral    
contradictions ( ! ,bible are (t5 its   
mo/ valuable moral lessons4 ,a simil>   

rem>k w apply to its app>5t hi/orical   
contradictions4 ,und]ly+ ^! is v        
frequ5tly a subtle h>mony1 :i* elud$ u  
at our fir/ ha/y se>*4 ,! two acc\nts   
are aft] all n contradictory1 b         
supplem5t>y1 ! "o to ! o!r4 ,s x is "h4 
,read ,/4 ,luke's n>rative c>efully1 & x
 w be app>5t t ?is _c h be5 ! fir/ meet+
 ( ,/4 ,pet] ) our ,"l4 ,i say no?+ ( ! 
heal+ ( 8 wife's "m1 =1 ?\gh ?is is     
relat$ e>li] 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 yet 
x is pla9 f ! n>rative 9 ! o!r          
evangeli/s t x is n relat$ "h 9         
*ronological ord]4  ,b :at are ! facts8 
,^! fi%]m5 h be5 toil+ ?r\gh\t ! night2 
_! lab\r has be5 :olly unrew>d$1 ?\gh   
night is ! prop] season = ply+ _! craft2
 & n[ 9 ! bright gl>e ( ! morn+ sun--n[ 
:51 aft] ! ill-success ( ! night1 x w\ld
 be p]fect madness to expect a haul--n[ 
!y are sudd5ly1 imp]i\sly bidd5 to put  
out aga9 into ! deep sea1 & to let d[n  
_! nets4 ,& ! comm& is obey$4 ,!re is ! 
lurk+ misgiv+1 !re is ! tacit           
remon/rance2 b !re is prompt ob$i5ce    

not)/&+4 ,ma/]1 we h toil$ all ! night2 
nev]!less1 at ,?y ^w ,i w let d[n ! net4
 ,at ,?y ^w4 ,:o is ?is1 t ?is mo/      
unreasonable dem& meets ) su* ready     
acquiesc5ce8 ,is x possible t ,he c h   
be5 a m]e pass+ /rang]1 or a m]e casual 
acqua9tance8 ,h[ c\ld ,8 advice h be5   
ent]ta9$ = a mom5t :5 ,he told an       
exp]i5c$ fi%]man to d :at a fi%]man knew
 to be utt]ly fooli% & futile8 ,!       
n>rative itself1 ,i say1 implies "s     
previ\s k ( our ,"l on ,/4 ,pet]'s "p4  
,he w\ld nev] h act$ z he is repres5t$  
"h z act+ unless he _h believ$1 or1 at  
lea/1 _h suspect$1 t !re 0 a m ?an human
 p[] & intellig5ce 9 our ,"l4 ,9 %ort1 !
 n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke presupposes !     
n>rative ( ,/4 ,john4 ,jesus speaks to  
,pet] n[ z "o :o has a "r to comm&4 ,!  
incid5t 9 ,/4 ,john gives ! p]sonal call
 ( ,pet]2 ! incid5t 9 ,/4 ,luke gives 8 
(ficial call4 ,on ! "o occasion he is   
repres5t$ z a disciple & a foll[]2 on ! 
o!r occasion he is decl>$ an apo/le & a 
tea*]4 ,f h5ce=? ?\ %alt cat* m54  ,b ,i

 did n select ?is text ) any special    
purpose ( discuss+ hi/orical            
difficulties4 ,su* discussions1 inde$1  
are necess>y :5 !y are =c$ ^u u1 b !y   
only di/ract ! m9d f ! moral & spiritual
 lessons ( ! ,scripture4 ,nor1 ,i ?9k1  
is ! lesson 9 ! text difficult to       
extricate4 ,all hi/ory tea*es by        
example1 & ! ,scriptural n>rative is !  
int5sification ( hi/ory4 ,! miracles (  
our ,"l are n miracles only4 ,!y are mo/
 frequ5tly act$ p>ables also4 ,& h we n 
"h a p>able ( ! mo/ int5se pa?os & ( !  
wide/ application8  ,ma/]1 we h toil$   
all ! night1 & we h tak5 no?+4 ,:at is  
?is b a true1 pa9fully true1 image ( !  
ef=ts1 ! /ruggles1 ! futilities1 !      
despairs ( humanity2 n 9 isolat$ cases1 
"h & !re only1 ( disappo9t$ hopes &     
unrealis$ aim1 b ) ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 :o 
are born into ?is _w1 & live & lab\r1 & 
suff] & die1 )\t secur+ any sub/antial &
 endur+ good1 simply because !y h liv$ &
 di$ ap>t f ,god1 :o alone survives !   
decay ( "t1 & alone c give satisfaction 

to ! immortal _s ( man8  ,we h toil$ all
 ! night4 ,yes2 we see x n[--n[ :5 !    
morn+ light ( et]nity has bur/ ^u our   
a*+ eyeballs4 ,we h toil$ all ! night4  
,!re 0 d>kness above & ar\nd u2 !re 0   
toil ( h&s & toil ( he>t2 !re 0 !       
/ruggle = subsi/5ce2 !re 0 ! race aft]  
weal? & hon\r2 !re 0 ! eag] pursuit (   
phantom goods4 ,we _h our pleasures & we
 _h our pa9s4 ,we _h our failures & we  
_h our successes4 ,yes1 our spl5did     
successes z m5 c\nt$ !m--z we 7 half    
tempt$ to c\nt !m ourselves4 ,b we h    
tak5 no?+4 ,our successes are z our     
failures2 our pa9s are z our pleasures1 
n[4 ,9 ! all-absorb+ abyss ( "t we h    
tak5 no?+1 absolutely no?+--no?+ :i* c  
escape ! jaws ( ! grave1 no?+ :i* w pass
 ! portals ( dea?4 ,we /& alone1 /ripp$ 
( ev]y?+1 alone ) ,god1 alone ) et]nity4
  ,y pursu$ weal?1 & y pursu$ x n 9 va92
 y det]m9$ t y\r c>e] %\ld be a success1
 & a success y made x4 ,y surr\nd$      
y\rself ) e mat]ial com=t2 y add$ to ^! 
sub/antial appliances all ! embelli%m5ts

 & all ! ref9em5ts ( life4 ,:at !n8 ,did
 !y give y ! satisfaction y hop$ =8     
,c\ld y feel t !re 0 any f9ality 9 su*  
aims & acquisitions z ^!8 ,no4 ,! hope 0
 bett] aft] all ?an ! realisation2 !    
prospect 0 bright] ?an ! atta9m5t4 ,y 7 
re/less1 discont5t$1 crav+ /ill4 ,!re 0 
a hung] ( s\l1 ?\gh y w\ld n confess    
x--a hung] ( s\l1 :i* reject$ & loa!d ^!
 husks4 ,& n[ :]e are !y1 & :at are !y8 
,or y pursu$ hon\r & fame1 & m5 lavi%ly 
be/[$ ^u y t :i* y s eag]ly s\ght1 till 
y seem$ at l5g? to h all1 & m ?an all1 t
 y _h set y\r he>t ^u4 ,b /ill !re 0 no 
cont5tm5t1 because !re 0 no f9ality4    
,dropsy-l y\r crav+ only grew ) !       
gratification4 ,ea* fre% draught (      
applause creat$ a fre% ?ir/4 ,e imag9$  
slight1 e un9t5tional neglect1 e trivial
 rebuff1 0 a ke5 agony to y4 ,y _h only 
increas$ y\r s5sitiv5ess2 y _h n secur$ 
y\r satisfaction4 ,or1 aga91 y _h set   
y\r he>t on human love1 ,god's greate/  
boon if y use x )\t misus+ x1 if y      
subord9ate x to 8 ,div9e love4 ,y\r     

human affections1 y\r human fri5d%ips1 7
 ev]y?+ to y4 ,9 ! buoyant hopefulness (
 y\?1 9 ! solid security ( middle age1 x
 seem$ z ?\gh ^! mu/ la/ = ev]4 ,b soon 
en\gh ! pa9ful tru? dawn$ ^u y4 ,! m>* (
 life began to tell on y\r comrades 9 ! 
j\rney4 ,"o dropp$ at y\r side1 & !n    
ano!r4 ,! ranks 7 visibly ?9n+1 & !re 0 
no "o to /ep 9 & take ! vacant places4  
,fir/ ! "m at ^: knees y _h lisp$ y\r   
e>lie/ falt]+ pray]2 !n ! fri5d :o %>$  
all y\r c\nsels1 :o 0 m ?an a bro!r to  
y2 !n ! wife :om y *]i%$ z ano!r self2  
!n ! little daught] ^: innoc5t *ildi%   
talk _h solac$ y 9 _m a griev\s h\r3 s1 
"o by "o1 !y fell away1 & y are left    
gradually alone & m alone2 !y leave y :5
 y ne$ !m mo/1 & at l5g? 9 ! vacancy (  
y\r solitude y make ! bitt] discov]y t  
?\gh y h toil$ all night y h tak5       
no?+--y h tak5 no?+ at all4  ,a %ort "t 
ago we laid 9 ! vaults ( ?is ca!dral !  
la/ mortal rema9s ( "o#d :o has a*iev$ =
 himself a =emo/ place among ! ma/]s ( 8
 art 9 our own age4 ,x 0 fit t 8 bones  

%\ld lie "h1 side by side ) m ?an "o    
fam\s bro!r sculptor :o has gone be=e   
him--side by side ) ! mo/ illu/ri\s     
names 9 ! si/] art ( pa9t+2 ) ,reynolds1
 ^: easy grace 9 ! del9eation ( human   
portraiture /&s q )\t a rival2 ) ,turn]1
 :o has succe$$ z no o!r pa9t] has      
succe$$1 9 any age or c\ntry1 9         
reproduc+ on canvas ! subtle play (     
light & %ade1 ! ev]-v>y+ aspect1 ! dep?1
 ! inf9ity1 ( ext]nal nature2 ) ,l&se]1 
too1 our mo/ rec5t gue/ 9 ?is our       
arti/s' re/+-place1 ^: g5ial & vigor\s  
repres5tations ( ! l[] animal life h    
inve/$ x ) almo/ a human int]e/1 &1 s   
do+1 h taught u _m a sugge/ive lesson ( 
humanity & k9dl9ess4 ,side by side1 too1
 ) ,engl&'s greate/ ar*itects1 & ,wr51  
_! pr9ce1 ^: g5ius ne$s no ^w ( eulogy  
"h1 = 8 monum5t is above & ar\nd u4 ,su*
 a place ( sepulture well befitt$ su* a 
man4 ,x is our tribute ( respect = noble
 gifts nobly us$4 ,x is our expression (
 ?anksgiv+ to ,god1 :o ?us end[s ,8     
s]vants t !y may employ _! end[m5ts to  

exalt & to embelli% human life4  ,b "o  
?\ght _c fail to /rike u "h4 ,we may    
rememb] t ! great conqu]or ( mod]n "t1  
:5 x 0 sugge/$ to him to p]petuate "s   
signal incid5t 9 8 triumphant c>e] by an
 hi/orical picture1 ask$ h[ long ! "w   
w\ld la/4 ,he 0 told two or ?ree        
c5turies--p]haps1 "u fav\rable          
circum/ances1 five c5turies4 ,?is w\ld n
 satisfy 8 dev\r+ ambition4 ,?is 0 n !  
immortality ( fame :i* he _h design$ =  
himself4 ,he mu/ h a m endur+ memorial  
?an ?is4 ,comp>$ ) ! canvas ( ! pa9t]1 !
 m>ble ( ! sculptor is long-liv$ inde$4 
,! mo/ endur+ ( human works are ! works 
( ! sculptor's *isel4 ,! /]n granite    
features ( ! ,ph>aoh :o befri5d$ ,joseph
 & ! ,ph>aoh :o p]secut$ ,israel may    
/ill look d[n on ! l& :i* !y rul$ ) an  
iron rule betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& ye>s   
ago4 ,! w+$ lions & w+$ bulls on :i* !  
contempor>ies ( ,%almanez] & ,s5na*]ib  
may h gaz$ 9 awe1 9 ! royal palaces (   
,assyria1 /ill confront u 9 our national
 museum ) ! same weird look1 un*ang$    

?\gh all else has *ang$1 surviv+ /ill1  
?\gh a hundr$ g5]ations ( m5 h be5 born1
 & liv$1 & di$1 mean:ile4 ,& x may be t 
9 ! c5turies to come1 "s curi\s explor] 
w exhume1 f ! grass-gr[n m\nds ( ?is    
ru9$ city1 a "w ( art be>+ ! "n ( him   
:om on ,friday la/ we bore to an hon\r$ 
re/+-place--p]haps ! effigy ( a pr9ce :o
 fl\ri%$ 9 a remote epo* ( ! pa/1 :5    
,engl& 0 /ill a nation1 & :o sank into  
an untimely grave amid/ a p's m\rn+4 ,& 
?us ! sculptor's fame w h a second lease
 ( life4  ,b aft] all1 ?irty c5turies   
are b z ?ree--are b z ?ree ye>s or ?ree 
days--comp>$ ) et]nity4 ,napoleon's     
ambition 0 a p]v]t$ in/9ct1 b x 0 an    
in/9ct1 nev]!less4 ,man feels t he 0 n  
made to die2 he w n cons5t to die4 ,?is 
?ir/ = endur+ fame1 :at is x b an e*o1 a
 mock+ e*o1 ( an et]nal v]ity8 ,yes1 he 
w live4 ,! mat]iali/ may tell him t1 :5 
! eye & ! e> are dissolv$ into gases &  
decompos$ into du/1 x matt]s no?+ to him
 ) :at hon\rs m5 may adorn 8 memory1 )  
:at praises !y may celebrate 8 "n4 ,he1 

too--8 p]sonality1 or :at he 0 pleas$ to
 call 8 p]sonality--is dissolv$1 is     
dissipat$1 is gone2 b ! mat]iali/ nev]  
yet has be5 able1 nev] w be able1 to    
p]suade mank9d4 ,! natural in/9ct ( man 
revolts aga9/ ! assumption2 & ! ambition
 ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ! ambition = et]nity     
alone1 expresses truly ?is g5]al in/9ct 
( man4 ,to lab\r = ! good ?+s ( ?is _w1 
to lab\r = fame 9 ! com+ c5turies1 :at  
is x1 aft] all1 if our views are b\nd$  
by ?is n>r[ horizon8 ,:y1 !n1 l !       
disappo9t$ fi%]m5 ( ! ,galilean lake1 we
 h toil$ all ! night long1 &1 = our     
pa9s1 we h tak5 no?+4  ,& ?is *ange--?is
 conv]sion1 if y w--comes sometimes1 x  
may be1 despite ourselves1 b            
comes--rememb] ?is--comes mo/ (t5 9     
answ] to "s act ( ob$i5ce1 to "s surr5d]
 ( self-w on our "p4 ,we may compla92 we
 may demur2 we may di/ru/4 ,we h toil$  
all ! night1 & h tak5 no?+2 b we        
recognise ! au?ority ( ! ,div9e voice1 &
 we =ce ourselves into                  
compliance--nev]!less1 at ,?y ^w4 ,!    

comm& is g5]al3 x has come to all       
alike1--,let ye d[n y\r nets4 ,b1 l     
,pet]1 we specialise x1 we adopt x1 we  
appropriate x to ourselves3 ,i w let d[n
 ! net4 ,& s we d :at seems h>d &       
unreasonable2 we d :at we h nev] done   
be=e4  ,& ! response--! response to ?is 
ob$i5ce--is a light fla%$ 9 ^u our s\l1 
a d\ble revelation1 a revelation ( mix$ 
pleasure & pa91 = x is a revelation at  
once ( ! s9 )9 & ( ,god )\t4 ,! m>vell\s
 b\nty ( ,god's grace dazzles & a/\nds  
our vision1 &1 9 our p]plexity ( he>t1 !
 despair+1 crav+1 =bidd+1 ye>n+ cry is  
wrung f our lips1 ,dep>t f me6 ,dep>t f 
me1 ,o ,"l1 = ,i am a s9ful man6  ,dep>t
 f me1 ,o ,"l4 ,i "k x all n[4 ,i see my
 s91 because ,i see ,?y goodness4 ,yes1 
,i h beheld ,?y hol9ess1 ,?y purity1 ,?y
 tru?1 ,?y grace1 ,?y love1 & ,i h be5  
/unn$ ) ! contra/ to self4 ,! brightness
 ( ! light has int5sifi$ ! blackness ( !
 %ade4 ,dep>t f me1 ,o ,"l6 :at c ,i h 9
 common ) ,!e8--,i1 s selfi%1 s vile1 s 
s9-lad51 ) ,!e1 s m]ciful1 s righte\s1 s

 holy4 ,9 v de$1 ,?y ways are n z my    
ways1 & ,?y ?\ghts are n z my ?\ghts4   
,dep>t f me1 ,o ,"l6 ,?is fe> ( ! ,"l   
is1 inde$1 ! beg9n+ ( wisdom4 ,?is      
consci\sness ( s9 is ! true pa?way to   
heav54 ,! sa9tlie/ ( m5 h ev] felt &    
spok5 mo/ /rongly ( _! own s9fulness4 ,!
 int5sity ( _! language has provok$ !   
sne] ( ! worldl+--has be5 an evid5ce "h 
( _! own conviction t1 despite _!       
pret5sions to hol9ess1 !y are no bett]  
?an he1 p]haps some:at worse4 ,b !y "k1 
& he do? n "k1 :at s9 means & :at ,god  
means1 & s ! despair+ cry is wrung f _! 
agony1 ,dep>t f me1 ,o ,"l4  ,dep>t f   
me1 ,o ,"l6 ,& yet n s1 ,"l4 ,ev5 :ile  
,pet] is speak+ 8 ge/ures belie 8 words4
 ,8 lips implore ,jesus despair+ly to   
dep>t1 b 8 eyes & 8 h&s entreat ,him    
passionately to /ay4 ,n s1 ,"l1 = h[ c  
,i endure to "p ) ,!e8 ,9 ,?y pres5ce is
 hope1 is light1 is joy4 ,"l1 to :om    
%all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal     
life4 ,dep>t f me8 ,no2 x is = ! godless
 to say1 ',dep>t f u1 = we desire n ! k 

( ,god4' ,x is = ! unclean spirits to   
rave aga9/ ,!e--',let u alone1 ,?\      
,jesus ( ,naz>e?6 ,:at h we to d ) ,!e8'
 ,b ,i1 ,i h ev]y?+ to d ) ,!e4 ,i am   
creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,i h a ray ( ! 
,div9e light1 a se$ ( ! ,div9e ^w1 )9   
me4 ,& l seeks l2 !re=e ,i ye>n aft]    
,!e1 !re=e ,i am drawn t[>ds ,!e1 !re=e 
,i /ret* out my h&s to ,!e ov] ! wide   
*asm ( s9 :i* yawns betwe5 u4 ,dep>t f  
me8 ,nay1 r abide ) me4 ,tea* me1       
absolve me1 purify me1 /r5g!n me4 ,take 
me to ,?yself1 t ,i may be ,?9e & ,?9e  
only4 ,abide ) me1 = ! day ( ?is life is
 f> sp5t1 & ! night come? :5 no man c   
"w4 ,/ay ) me n[ & ev]more1 & s fulfil  
,?y graci\s promise3 ',if a man love ,me
 & w keep ,my ^w1 ,my ,fa!r w love him1 
& we w come unto him1 & make our abode )
 him4'     ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,israel    
,,an ,,argum5t ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,(          
,,*ri/ianity4#e   ,!y are ,?y p & ,?9e  
inh]itance4--,,deut4 ix4 #bi4   ,x is   
relat$ ( a c]ta9 royal *apla9 t1 be+    
ask$ (t5 by 8 sov]eign to give a concise

 & conv9c+ argum5t 9 fav\r (            
,*ri/ianity1 he repli$ 9 two words--,!  
,jews4 ,x is ?is subject :i* ,i (f] =   
y\r consid]ation ?is aft]noon--! hi/ory 
& "* ( ! ,israelite race z a witness to 
,*ri/ianity4 ,! subject is c]ta9ly n    
inappropriate at ?is season1 :5 !       
commemoration ( ! great ,p5teco/al ,day 
is fa/ approa*+1 to :i* all ! previ\s   
hi/ory ( ! nation _h t5d$1 :i* sub/itut$
 ! disp5sation ( ! ,_s = ! disp5sation (
 ! ,law1 & exp&$ ! religion ( a tribe   
into ! religion ( mank9d4 ,x is1        
moreov]1 =c$ ^u our notice by t         
rem>kable *apt] 9 ,deut]onomy :i* we h  
he>d ?is aft]noon1 & :i*1 by prophetic  
insight1 br+s out ) s+ul> di/9ctness !  
prom95t "* & subsequ5t c>e] ( ! race4   
,only reflect ^u su* expressions z      
^!3--,g 9 to possess nations great] &   
mighti] ?an ?yself1 cities great & f5c$ 
up to heav52 ,und]/&1 !re=e1 ?is day t !
 ,"l ?y ,god is ,he :i* goe? ov] be=e   
!e2 ,! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e n ?is good  
l& to possess x = ?y righte\sness2 = ?\ 

art a /iffneck$ p2 ,ye h be5 rebelli\s  
aga9/ ! ,"l f ! day t ,i knew y4  ,read 
^! passages 9 ! full light :i* ?irty    
c5turies ( ! nation's hi/ory h ?r[n ^u  
!m4 ,/udy ?is contra/ betwe5 _! "* & _! 
a*ievem5ts z x unfolds itself 9 all _!  
subsequ5t hi/ory4 ,consid]1 on ! "o h&1 
n only ! fir/ conque/ ( ,canaan to :i* !
 words m imm$iately ref]1 b ! succession
 ( f> m brilliant victories ov] ! great 
nations ( ! _w1 culm9at+ 9 t mo/        
magnific5t triumph ( all--! triumph (   
,*ri/ianity4 ,consid]1 on ! o!r h&1 n   
only ^? e>ly murmur+s & idolatries 9 !  
wild]ness to :i* ! language m directly  
po9ts1 b t long catalogue ( rebellions (
 :i* ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ,israel is    
made up1 & :i* rea*$ its climax 9 !     
m>tyrdom ( ! ,"l ( ,life4 ,set ^! "o    
aga9/ ! o!r1 & y w confess t ! utt]ances
 ( ,deut]onomy are wond]ful             
anticipations ( ! future1 succ9ct       
epitomes ( c5turies yet to come4 ,y may 
"q1 if y w1 e s+le prophecy 9 ! ,old    
,te/am5t1 b ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,jews is  

"o cont9u\s prophecy1 m di/9ct &        
articulate ?an all4 ,y may d5y if y w e 
successive miracle :i* is record$ !re91 
b aga9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews is1 f fir/ to 
la/1 "o /up5d\s miracle1 m wond]ful &   
conv9c+ ?an all4 ,"h y h a small1       
insignificant p--/iff-neck$1 rebelli\s1 
wor?less2 !re y h ! mo/ magnific5t      
spiritual a*ievem5ts--! mo/ signal moral
 victories4 ,:at conclusion c y draw1   
except t :i* is drawn = y 9 ! words :i* 
,i h read3 ,! ,"l ?y ,god is ,he t goe? 
be=e y8--,!y are ,?y p & ,?9e           
inh]itance1 :i* ,?\ br\ghte/ out by ,?y 
mighty p[] & ,?y /ret*$ out arm4  ,look 
fir/ at ! capacities ( ! p !mselves4 ,!y
 _h no rem>kable gifts :i* might h l$ u 
to anticipate ?is unique de/9y4 ,!y _h  
no intellectual qualities ( a v high    
ord] l ! ,greeks--vivid imag9ation1     
subtlety ( ?\ght1 ae/hetic ta/e2 no     
political capacity l ! ,romans1 no      
organiz+ p[] or faculty ( legislation   
:i* might secure = !m ! asc5d5cy ov] !  
nations ( ! _w4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 a       

/ubborn1 exclusive1 intol]ant p--an     
unpractical p1 )\t ! p[]1 or at lea/ !  
w1 to adapt !mselves to ! in/itutions1 !
 feel+s1 & ! prejudices ( ! p ) :om !y 7
 br\ght 9 contact4 ,!y 7 believ$1 9     
consequ5ce1 to *]i% an univ]sal hatr$   
aga9/ ! re/ ( mank9d2 & !y1 9 turn1 7   
hat$ by all--hat$1 n ) ! hatr$ ( an     
admir+ envy1 b ! hatr$ ( a sup]cili\s   
scorn4 ,( all ! tribes on ! face ( ! e>?
 ! ,jews1 we %\ld h said1 7 ! v la/ to  
+ratiate !mselves ) ! o!r races (       
mank9d1 & to lay ! civilis$ _w at _!    
feet4 ,& n[ turn f ! p !mselves to ! l& 
( _! abode4 ,c]ta9ly ?is does n enable u
 to solve ! enigma4 ,pale/9e does n     
occupy a l>ge space 9 ! ,*ri/ian's      
imag9ation2 = x is a v m9ute1           
insignificant spot 9 ! map ( ! _w4 ,x   
is1 moreov]1 incapable ( expansion1 = x 
is b\nd$ on all sides ei!r by sea or    
m\nta9 ranges1 or by va/ & impracticable
 des]ts4 ,to a great ext5t all ?is      
c\ntry is m\nta9\s & b>r51 & ev5 ?is    
meagre & unpromis+ t]ritory is n all _! 

own4 ,! sea-coa/ w\ld h be5 valuable to 
a p gift$ ) comm]cial in/9cts4 ,)       
comm]ce !y might h ext5d$ _! influ5ce2 b
 f ! sea-coa/ !y 7 :olly exclud$4 ,!    
,pho5icians on ! nor? & ! ,phili/9es on 
! s\? occupi$ all ! mo/ important       
h>b\rs2 & ?is t]ritory ( ! ,jews 0 s    
unexpansive1 s b>r51 s unpromis+ t !y 7 
plac$ at a /ill great] disadvantage :5  
comp>$ ) ! surr\nd+ p4 ,! ,jews are     
surr\nd$ on all sides1 & by ! mo/       
=midable neighb\rs4 ,on ! "o side by    
,egypt1 a c\ntry ( ! highe/ f]tility1 ! 
=emo/ milit>y p[] 9 ! _w1 ) an anci5t   
civilisation :i* dat$ f a p]iod long    
be=e ! bir? ( ! fa!r ( ! ,israelite p1  
:il/ x /ood =emo/ ( ! human race 9 works
 ( art 9 its day4 ,:o 0 ,israel1 !n1 t  
he c\ld )/& ,egypt8 ,!re1 aga91 on ! o!r
 side1 0 ano!r mighty empire1 fir/      
,assyria1 !n ,babylon1 ! only rival (   
,egypt ( ! anci5t _w4 ,9 ^! places !y _h
 ! same advantage ( wide pla9s (        
exceptional f]tility1 a high & remote   
civilisation1 an army ( trem5d\s /r5g?1 

& a c5tralisation "u an absolute rule1 )
 all ! res\rces :i* a great & va/       
dom9ion c\ld comm&4 ,z ,p]sia succe$$   
,babylon1 & z ,babylon succe$$ ,assyria1
 s ,p]sia--f> m mighty &                
t]rible--ov]runs & conqu]s all ,we/]n   
,asia4 ,egypt itself falls4 ,pale/9e is 
a m]e speck1 surr\nd$ by ! huge dom9ions
 ( ! ,p]sian mon>*4 ,:at *ance has      
,israel aga9/ su* t]rible neighb\rs8    
,mu/ x n be cru%$ & gr\nd to atoms &    
annihilat$ by its foes8 ,b1 at all      
ev5ts1 x might h be5 suppos$ t1 h[ev]   
/ubborn & impracticable !y 7 9 _!       
attitude t[>ds o!rs1 !y w\ld at lea/ be 
unit$ among/ !mselves--t !y w\ld be     
loyal to _! c\ntry1 t !y w\ld be fai?ful
 to _! laws & in/itutions1 t !y w\ld be 
true to _! ,god4 ,?is int]nal cohesion  
w\ld give !m /r5g? to resi/--?is        
absolute h>mony w\ld w9 = !m an influ5ce
 t w\ld comp5sate = ! sup]ior advantages
 ( _! m p[]ful neighb\rs4 ,b :at d we   
f9d z a matt] ( fact8 ,_! national      
hi/ory is "o cont9u\s record ( murmur+1 

( rebellion1 ( int]nal feuds1 ( moral & 
spiritual defection4 ,!y h no soon]     
escap$ f _! ,egyptian bondage1 _! necks 
/ill be>+ ! sc>s ( ! tyrants' yoke1 ?an 
!y fall into %ameless idolatry4 ,!      
wor%ip ( ! gold5 calf is only ! type &  
pres5ce ( /ill m guilty lapses 9        
c5turies yet to come2 ! revolt aga9/    
,moses & ,a>on only ! type & %ad[ ( !   
rebelli\s _s to :i* ,israel rose 9 !    
di/ant future4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! religion (
 ,jehovah is effac$1 or almo/ effac$1 f 
! m9d ( ! nation4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! hide\s 
idolatries ( ,molo*--idolatries cruel1  
pr(ligate1 & %ameless--supplant ! wor%ip
 ( ! ,"l ( heav5 & e>?4 ,& ! political  
condition ( ! nation is n "o :it m      
hopeful ?an ! religi\s4 ,:5 unity alone 
c save ! p !n !re is disruption4 ,! ,t5 
,tribes are sev]$ f ! ,h\se ( ,david1   
nev] to be unit$ aga94 ,! p[] ( "o k+dom
 is sp5t 9 neutralis+ ! p[] ( ! o!r4    
,?is is a concise hi/ory ( ! race dur+ !
 p]iod f ! disruption to ! captivity4 ,!
 c>e] ( ,israel1 f fir/ to la/1 is a    

runn+ comm5t ^u ! words1 ,n = ?y        
righte\sness or = ! uprightness ( ?9e   
he>t do/ ?\ g to possess ! l&1 = ye h   
be5 rebelli\s aga9/ ! ,"l f ! day t ,i  
knew y4 ,n once or twice only ! ,mighty 
,ar*] has /rung ,8 weapon & po9t$ ,8    
%aft1 & ,8 aim has be5 fru/rat$ by      
,israel's disob$i5ce4 ,8 *os5 in/rum5ts 
h be5 snapp$ 9 ,8 h&s1 />t+ aside l a   
brok5 b[4 ,inde$1 ! hi/ory ( ,israel is 
q unique 9 ! *ronicles ( nations4 ,!    
*ronicles ( o!r nations record !        
qualities z well z ! crimes ( ! p ^:    
c>e] !y commemorate4 ,!y praise _!      
patriotism1 _! pr[ess1 _! manifold      
virtues1 _! magnific5t a*ievem5ts4 ,b ! 
,bible1 ! *ronicle ( ! ,jews1 is "o     
un9t]rupt$ catalogue ( s9s &            
%ortcom+s--"o long bill ( indictm5t     
aga9/ ,israel4 ,"o only is true1 "o only
 is fai?ful1 "o only is victori\s2 = he 
fe>s n ! nation1 b ! nation's ,god4 ,s  
!n1 h[ev] we look at ! matt]1 !re is    
no?+ :i* af=ds gr\nd = hope2 & :5 we "q 
actual facts1 we f9d !y correspond      

altoge!r to ^? expectations we %\ld h   
=m$ be=eh& f ! "* & position ( ! nation4
 ,nev] has any p liv$ ^u ! e>? :o pass$ 
?r\gh su* t]rible disa/]s z ! ,jews4    
,nev] has any p be5 s ne> to absolute   
ext9ction aga9 & aga91 & yet h surviv$4 
,aga9 & aga9 ! vision ( ! prophet has   
be5 realis$4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! valley ( !  
%ad[ ( dea? has be5 /rewn ) ! dry bones 
( c>cases seem+ly ext9ct4 ,aga9 & aga9  
!re h be5 seasons ( d>k despair1 :5 ev5 
! mo/ hopeful1 *all5g$ by ! ,div9e      
voice1 c\ld only respond1 ,o ,"l ,god1  
,?\ kn[e/6 ,b aga9 & aga9 !re has be5 a 
%ak+ ( ! dry bones--! bones h come      
toge!r1 bone to bone2 !y h be5 /rung )  
s9ews & clo!d ) fle%2 brea? has be5     
brea!d into !m1 & !y h liv$1 & h become 
an exce$+ great army4 ,?9k ( ^? _m      
c5turies ( ,egyptian bondage1 :5 ! life 
( ! nation seem$ to h be5 /rangl$ 9 its 
infancy4 ,reflect next on t p]iod 9 its 
y\?ful c>e]1 :5 x is fight+ its way in* 
by in*1 & /ruggl+ = v exi/5ce 9         
,pale/9e1 do+ battle ) nations great] & 

mighti] ?an itself1 & ) cities f5c$ high
 up to heav54 ,look =w>d aga91 & we see 
its fate dur+ ! manhood ( ! nation "u   
its k+1 ! l& n[ divid$ aga9/ itself &   
ov]run by successive invad]s4 ,z ( old s
 n[ aga91 b 9 a f> m t]rible s5se1      
,israel f9ds himself face to face ) !   
,anakims & ) ^? great empires ( ! ,ea/  
be=e :om he appe>s b z a gras%opp]4 ,!  
end 0 inevitable4 ,= a "t ,israel 0 a   
play?+ 9 ! h&s ( ^? t]rible neighb\rs1  
toss$ to & fro betwe5 two p[]ful        
rivals--,egypt on ! "o side1 & ,assyria 
& ,babylon on ! o!r--till at l5g?1 9 a  
mom5t ( victory1 he is swept away1 & 8  
place kn[s him no m4 ,c\ld any?+ seem m 
hopeless ?an ! revival ( ! nation f !   
,babyloni% captivity8 ,yet f ,babylon1 z
 f ,egypt1 ,israel return$4 ,a new lease
 ( life 0 grant$1 & ) x !re foll[$ a new
 lease ( disa/] also4 ,8 old fate pursu$
 him /ill4 ,! say+ 0 fulfill$ :i* _h be5
 spok5 by ! prophet3 ,t :i* ! locu/ ha? 
left ha? ! cank]-worm eat51 & t :i* !   
cank]-worm ha? left ha? ! cat]pill>     

eat54 ,he 0 rescu$ f ! fangs ( ,babylon 
only to be food = ! ,assyrians4 ,he 0   
drawn f ! feet ( ! ,assyrians only to be
 dev\r$ by ! insatiable ,roman4 ,& yet  
all ! :ile--& ?is is ! rem>kable fact to
 :i* ,i ask y\r att5tion--amid/         
calamities ! mo/ ov]:elm+ & suff]+ ! mo/
 int5se--exil$1 enslav$1 trampl$ "u     
foot1 only n annihilat$--all ! :ile he 0
 hopeful1 0 jubilant1 0 triumphant /ill4
 ,he 0 always dy+1 & behold he liv$4    
,c5tury aft] c5tury prophets _h decl>$1 
9 no ambigu\s t]ms1 t despite all ^!    
adv]se appe>ances1 despite all ^!       
we>isome delays1 ,israel _h a magnific5t
 future4 ,! nations might rage1 & ! k+s 
( ! e>? might d _! wor/--!y 7 p[]less   
aga9/ ,israel's de/9y4 ,a sceptre %\ld  
rise out ( ,jacob :i* w\ld subdue ! _w1 
& a ,k+ %\ld sit on ,david's ?rone be=e 
^: foot/ool all ! nations ( ! e>? %\ld  
b[4 ,a /&>d %\ld be set up 9 ,zion ar\nd
 :i* all mank9d %\ld rally4 ,behold ?\  
%alt call a nation t ?\ kn[e/ n1 &      
nations t knew n !e %all run unto !e    

because ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & = ! ,holy ,"o
 ( ,israel2 = he ha? glorifi$ !e2 ,!    
sons ( !m t afflict$ !e %all come b5d+  
unto !e1 & all !y t despis$ !e %all b[  
!mselves at ! soles ( ?y feet2 ,enl>ge !
 place ( ?y t5t1 & let !m /ret* =? !    
curta9s ( ?9e habitation2 sp>e n1 l5g!n 
?y cords1 & /r5g!n ?y /akes2 = ?\ %alt  
break =? on ! "r h& & on ! left1 & ?y   
se$ %all inh]it ! ,g5tiles1 & make !    
desolat$ cities to be inhabit$4  ,& ^!  
hopes--^! extravagant hopes--7 m ?an    
realiz$4 ,a ,k+ did rise out ( ,jacob to
 :om all ! nations ( ! civilis$ _w h    
r5d]$ homage su* z no sov]eign receiv$  
be=e or aft]--! homage ( _! he>t1 !     
homage ( _! lives4 ,at ! call ( ,israel 
! ,g5tiles flock$ to ! /&>d set up 9    
,zion4 ,f f> & ne>1 ! cultivat$ ,greek1 
! pr\d ,roman1 ,assyrian & ,egyptian1   
ma/] & slave1 are flock+ ar\nd t /&>d4  
,f ea/ to we/1 f ! anci5t civilisation (
 ,india to ! b>b>\s isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 
,israel has dictat$ its s5tim5ts1 its   
belief1 its morals1 its laws &          

in/itutions to ! nations4 ,an influ5ce  
f> deep]1 f> wid]1 f> m t5aci\s has     
appe>$ f t despis$1 insult$1 d[n-trodd5 
p ?an 0 ev] a*iev$ by ! spl5did         
lit]ature ( ,greece or ! hi/oric empire 
( ,rome4 ,^! are n !ories1 b            
facts--facts :i* "s w attempt to expla9 
away1 b facts :i* none c d5y4 ,"h is !  
prophecy--!re is ! fulfilm5t4 ,!        
prophecy is n a s+le isolat$ pr$iction (
 ambigu\s mean+1 b l>ge & cle>1 writt5  
across ! :ole hi/ory ( a nation f m>g9  
to m>g94 ,& ! fulfilm5t corresponds to !
 prophecy2 x is legible to all m51      
because /amp$ on ! face ( ! _w4 ,is !re 
n "h ! manife/ation ( ,div9e provid5ce8 
,d we n rightly claim ! ,jews z !       
pr9cipal witnesses to ,*ri/ianity1 or   
%all we set all ?is d[n z m]e accid5t1 a
 freak ( =tune1 a sup]ficial            
correspond5ce )\t any ess5tial          
connection8 ,%all x be reg>d$ z m]e     
accid5t t1 )9 a few ye>s aft] ! appe>+ (
 ?is ,k+ :o has ?us ga!r$ ! ,g5tiles to 
,8 /&>d1 ,j]usalem is de/roy$1 & !      

nation scatt]$ to ! f\r w9ds ( ! e>?--t 
! polity ( ,israel = ev] ceas$1 t !     
,temple %ook1 & t revival 0 r5d]$       
!nce=w>d impossible8 ,%all we say t x is
 m]e argum5t t = eighte5 c5turies--a    
p]iod z long z t :i* elaps$ f !         
proclamation ( ! law by ,moses to !     
fulfilm5t ( ! law by ,*ri/--?is /ate (  
?+s has rema9$8 ,or %\ld we n r say t 9 
?is co9cid5ce also !re is a ,div9e      
significance--t ,he proclaim$ ) no      
unc]ta9 s\nd ! obitu>y ( ! old ord] & ! 
comm5cem5t ( ! new--t ,god's seal is    
/amp$ ^u ! "* ( ! ,*ur*1 :]eby ,israel  
aft] ! ,_s is sub/itut$ = ,israel aft] !
 fle%8 ,d we ask :at x 0 :i* gave !     
,jewi% p ?is t\ghness1 ?is vitality1 ?is
 p[]8 ,! answ] simply is1 ,!y are ,?y p 
& ,?9e inh]itance1 :i* ,?\ br\ghte/ out 
by ,?y mighty p[]1 & by ,?y /ret*$ out  
arm4 ,x 0 ! consci\sness ( ?is close    
relation%ip ) ,jehovah1 ! omnipot5t &   
ev]-pres5t ,god--x 0 ! s5se ( _! glori\s
 de/9y1 :i* m>k$ !m out z ! tea*]s (    
mank9d4 ,x 0 ! conviction t !y 7 !      

possessors ( glori\s tru?s1 & t ^? tru?s
 mu/ 9 ! end prevail1 :atev] pres5t     
appe>ances might sugge/--?is 0 ! secret 
s\rce ( _! /r5g?1 not)/&+ all _! faults1
 & despite all _! disa/]s4 ,d we ask    
aga9 h[ x came to pass t1 :5 ,israel    
call$ to ! ,g5tiles1 ! ,g5tiles respond$
 to ! call & flock$ to its /&>d8 ,"h1   
aga91 ! answ] is simple--,because ( !   
,"l ?y ,god1 & = ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel4 
,! ,g5tiles _h ev]y?+ else 9 _!         
possession1 b ?is "o ?+ !y lack$--k (   
,god1 _! ,fa!r2 & )\t ?is all _!        
magnific5t gifts c\ld n satisfy--c\ld n 
save !m4 ,!re=e1 :5 at l5g? ! cry w5t   
=?1 ,ho6 e "o t ?ir/e?1 come ye to !    
wat]s1 !y hurri$ to ! f\nta9s (         
salvation to slake _! burn+ ?ir/4       
,culture & civilisation1 arts & comm]ce1
 in/itutions & laws1--no nation c af=d  
to und]value ^!2 b n only d all ^! ?+s  
soon fade1 b ! p !mselves fall into     
corruption & decay if ! ,brea? ( ,life  
be want+4  ,& z ) nations1 s )          
individuals4 ,we may cultivate !        

intellect to ! highe/ pit*2 we may      
surr\nd ourselves ) all ! luxuries &    
ref9em5ts ( civilisation2 we may        
accumulate all ! appliances :i* make    
life enjoyable2 b ! "t w come :5 ^! ?+s 
w fail to su/a9 u4 ,x may come 9 "s     
season ( b]eavem5t1 9 ! h\r ( sickness  
or ( loss4 ,x may come 9 ! failure &    
decay ( p[]s4 ,x may come 9 ! pa9s ( our
 dea?-agony4 ,x may come--& ?is is ! mo/
 solemn ?\ght ( all--aft] we h pass$ !  
conf9es ( ! grave4 ,b come x mu/ soon]  
or lat]2 = we are *ildr5 ( ,god1 & we _c
 ) impunity ignore or d5y ! ,fa!r ( e>? 
& heav54 ,!re only is re/ & peace2 !re  
only is true life = ! s\l ( man4     ,,!
 ,,vision ,,( ,,god4#f   ,& !y %all see 
,8 face4--,,rev4 xxii4 #d4   ,x is      
relat$ ( ! greate/ ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,durham
 t1 9 8 la/ solemn mom5ts1 :5 ! veil ( !
 fle% 0 ev5 n[ p>t+ asund]1 & ! ev]la/+ 
sanctu>y op5+ be=e 8 eyes1 he express$ x
 z an awful ?+ to appe> be=e ! ,moral   
,gov]nor ( ! _w4  ,! same ?\ght1 :i* ?us
 accompani$ him 9 8 passage to et]nity1 

_h dom9at$ 8 life 9 "t--?is consci\sness
 ( an ,et]nal ,pres5ce1 ?is s5se ( a    
,supreme ,righte\sness1 ?is conviction (
 a ,div9e ,ord]1 %ap+1 guid+1 dispos+   
all ! intricate vicissitudes (          
circum/ance & all ! little lives (      
m5--en%r\d$ n[ 9 a d>k atmosph]e (      
my/]y1 reveal+ itself only 9 glimpses   
?r\gh ! roll+ cl\ds ( mat]ial exi/5ce1  
dimly disc]n$ by ! dull & p>tial vision 
( f9ite man1 que/ion$1 d\bt$1 d5i$ by   
_m1 yet visible en\gh n[ to ! eye (     
fai?1 work+ pati5tly b work+ surely1    
v9dicat+ itself ev] & aga9 9 ! long     
results ( "t1 b await+ its complete &   
f9al v9dication 9 ! absolute issues (   
et]nity--! tru? ( all tru?s1 ! reality (
 all realities1 ! "o /ubborn /eadfa/    
fact1 un*angeable :ile all else is      
*ang+--?is ,pres5ce1 ?is ,ord]1 ?is     
,righte\sness--9 ! language ( ,holy     
,scripture1 ?is ,^w ( ! ,"l :i* %all    
outlive ! solid e>? "u foot1 & ! />ry   
vault ov]head4 ,!y %all p]i%1 b ,?\     
rema9e/1 & !y all %all wax old z do? a  

g>m5t2 & z a ve/ure %alt ,?\ fold !m1 & 
!y %all be *ang$2 b ,?\ art ! same1 &   
,?y ye>s %all n fail4 ,all fle% is z    
grass1 & all ! glory ( man z ! fl[] (   
grass4 ,! grass )]e?1 & ! fl[] !re(     
falle? away--b ! ^w ( ! ,"l endure? =   
ev]4  ,x is no arbitr>y conjecture t ?is
 0 ! dom9at+ idea ( ,butl]'s life4 ,e>ly
 & late x is alike prom95t 9 8 writ+s4  
,9 ! preface to 8 fir/ great "w1 8      
volume ( s]mons1 he speaks ( ! ,au?or & 
,cause ( all ?+s1 :o is m intimately    
pres5t to u ?an any?+ else c be1 & ) :om
 we h a ne>] & m con/ant int]c\rse ?an  
we h ) any creature4 ,9 8 late/ "w1 8   
,*>ge to ! ,cl]gy ( ,durham1 he urges ! 
yield+ ourselves up to ! full influ5ce (
 ! ,div9e ,pres5ce3 he bids 8 he>]s     
endeav\r to raise up 9 ! he>ts ( _! p   
su* a s5se ( ,god z %all be an habitual1
 ready pr9ciple ( rev]5ce1 love1        
gratitude1 hope1 tru/1 resignation1 &   
ob$i5ce2 he recomm5ds ! practice ( su*  
devotional ex]cises z w\ld be a         
recollection t we are 9 ! ,div9e        

,pres5ce1 & contribute to our be+ 9 !   
fe> ( ! ,"l all ! day long4 ,?us 8      
dea?-b$ utt]ance 0 ! prop] sequel to 8  
life-long ?\ghts4 ,! same awe-inspir+1  
s\l-subdu+1 purify+1 sanctify+ ,pres5ce 
rose be=e him z hi!rto4 ,b ! awe1 !     
solemnity1 0 int5sifi$ n[1 :5 ! vision (
 ,god by fai? might at any mom5t give   
place to ! vision ( ,god by sight4 ,n   
unfitly did "o1 writ+ %ortly aft] 8     
decease1 comp>e him to ! bright lamps   
be=e ! %r9e1 ! cle>1 /eady light ( !    
sanctu>y1 burn+ night & day be=e !      
,et]nal ,pres5ce4  ,9 ! /r5g? ( ?is     
belief he _h liv$1 & 9 ! awe ( ?is ?\ght
 he n[ di$4 ,?is conviction x 0--?is    
s5se ( a pres5t righte\sness1 confront+ 
him always--:i* rais$ him high above !  
level ( 8 age2 keep+ him pure amid !    
surr\nd+s ( a dissolute c\rt2 mode/ &   
humble 9 a g5]ation ( mu* pret5ti\s     
display2 high-m9d$ & c>eless ( weal? 9 a
 "t ( gross v5ality & corruption2 firm 9
 ! fai? amid/ a society cank]$ by       
scepticism2 dev\t & rev]5t1 :]e         

spiritual indiff]5ce reign$ supreme2    
c&id & ?\ghtful & temp]ate1 amid/ !     
temptations & ! excitem5ts ( religi\s   
controv]sy2 c>eful ev5 = ! ext]nals (   
wor%ip1 :]e su* c>e 0 vilifi$ z ! badge 
( a degrad+ sup]/ition4 ,h5ce t trem5d\s
 s]i\sness :i* is 8 special             
*>act]i/ic--t awful s5se ( religion1 t  
sacr$ horror at m5's frivolity1 9 !     
language ( a liv+ essayi/4 ,h5ce t      
transp>5t s9c]ity ( "*1 :i* nev] fails  
him4 ,h5ce t meekness ( wisdom1 :i* he  
especially urges 8 cl]gy to /udy1 & (   
:i* he himself 0 all unconsci\sly !     
brighte/ example4  ,& :at m seasonable  
pray] c y (f] = him :o addresses y n[1  
at ?is ! mo/ mom5t\s crisis ( 8 life1   
?an t he--! late/ successor (           
,butl]--may ent] ^u ! duties ( 8 high & 
responsible (fice 9 ! same _s2 t !      
realisation ( ?is great idea1 !         
realisation ( ?is great fact1 may be !  
con/ant ef=t ( 8 life2 t glimpses ( !   
invisible righte\sness1 ( ! invisible   
grace1 ( ! invisible glory1 may be      

v\*saf$ to him2 & t ! ,et]nal ,pres5ce1 
?us haunt+ him night & day1 may rebuke1 
may det]1 may guide1 may /r5g!n1 may    
com=t1 may illume1 may consecrate &     
subdue ! feeble & wayw>d impulses ( 8   
own he>t to ,god's holy w & purpose6  ,&
 n = ! prea*] only1 b = ! he>]s also1   
let ! same pray] asc5d to ! ?rone (     
heav54 ,9 all ! manifold trials & all ! 
mean vexations ( life1 ?is pres5ce w be 
y\r /r5g? & y\r /ay4 ,:atsoev] is       
tru?ful1 :atsoev] is real1 :atsoev] is  
abid+ 9 y\r lives1 if !re be any        
antidote to s91 & if !re be any anodyne 
= grief1 if !re be any consolation1 & if
 !re be any grace1 y w f9d x "h1 & "h   
alone--9 ! ev]-pres5t consci\sness t y  
are liv+ face to face ) ! ,et]nal ,god4 
,n by fitful gu/s ( religi\s passion1 n 
by f]vid outbur/s ( s5tim5tal devotion1 
n by repetition ( approv$ =ms1 & n by   
acquiesc5ce 9 or?odox beliefs1 b by !   
calm1 /eady1 p]si/5t conc5tration ( !   
s\l on ?is tru?1 by ! int5t fix+ ( !    
inw>d eye on ! righte\sness & ! grace ( 

! ,et]nal ,be+ be=e ,:om y /&1 w y r$eem
 y\r spirits & sanctify y\r lives4 ,s w 
y\r m9ds be con=m$ to ,8 m9d4 ,s w y\r  
faces reflect ! brightness ( ,8 face4 ,s
 w y g f /r5g? to /r5g?1 till1 life's   
pilgrimage end$1 y appe> 9 ! et]nal     
,zion1 ! cele/ial city1 :]e9 is nei!r   
sun nor moon1 = ! glory ( ,god do?      
light5 x1 & ! ,lamb is ! light !re(4    
,let ?is1 !n1 be ! !me ( our m$itation  
?is morn+4 ,_m ?\ghts w cr[d ^u our m9ds
 & /ruggle = utt]ance on a day l ?is2 b 
we w put !m all aside4 ,n our hopes1 n  
our c>es1 n our burd5s2 no?+ ( joy1 no?+
 ( sadness %all int]pose n[ to %ut out  
or obscure ! glory ( ! ,pres5ce be=e    
,:om we /&4  ,n our hopes1 ?\gh "o hope 
/>ts up & %apes itself p]=ce be=e our   
eyes4 ,x w be ! pray] ( _m he>ts to-day 
t ! inauguration ( a new ,episcopate may
 be m>k$ by ! creation ( a new ,see2 t  
,nor?umb]l&1 :i* 9 ! c5turies long pa/  
gave to ,durham h] ,bi%opric1 may       
receive f ,durham h] due 9 return 9 ^!  
late/ days2 t ! ,newca/le on ! ,tyne may

 take its place ) ! ,old ,ca/le on !    
,we>1 z a spiritual =tress /rong 9 !    
w>f>e ( ,god4  ,n our c>es1 ?\gh at ?is 
season "o anxiety w press heavily on !  
m9ds ( all4 ,! d5se cl\d1 :i* = weeks   
pa/ has d>k5$ ! social atmosph]e ( ^!   
nor!rn c\nties1 /ill hangs sull5ly      
ov]head4 ,god grant t ! rift :i* already
 we seem to disc]n may wid51 till !     
flood+ sunlight scatt]s ! d>kness1 & a  
la/+ h>mony is re/or$ to ! relations    
betwe5 ! employ] & ! employ$4  ,n our   
burd5s1 ?\gh on "o at lea/ 9 ?is        
,ca!dral ! s5se ( a new responsibility  
mu/ press to-day ) a heavy h&4 ,if inde$
 ?is burd5 _h be5 self-s\ght or         
self-impos$1 if 8 ?\ghts 7 suff]$ to    
dwell on himself & 8 own incapacity1 he 
might well s9k "u its cru%+ weight4 ,b  
y\r pray] = him1 & 8 ideal = himself1 w 
%ape itself 9 ! words :i* 7 spok5 to !  
great ,israelite re/or] ( old1 ,n by    
might1 nor by p[]1 b by ,my ,_s1 sai? ! 
,"l ( ,ho/s4 ,9 ?is /r5g? only1 be=e y z
 be=e him1 w ! great m\nta9 become a    

pla94  ,!re=e we w lay d[n n[ our hopes 
& our fe>s1 our e burd51 at ! /eps ( !  
alt>1 t1 ent]+ dis5cumb]$ into ! inmo/  
sanctu>y1 we may fall be=e ! ,et]nal    
,pres5ce4  ,! vision ( ,god is          
?reefold--! vision ( ,righte\sness1 !   
vision ( ,grace1 ! vision ( ,glory4  ,i4
 ,! vision ( ,righte\sness is fir/ 9 !  
sequ5ce4 ,righte\sness includes all ^?  
attributes :i* make up ! idea ( !       
,supreme ,rul] ( ! univ]se--p]fect      
ju/ice1 p]fect tru?1 p]fect purity1     
p]fect moral h>mony 9 all its aspects4  
,"h1 !n1 is ! =ce ( ,butl]s dy+ words4  
,ask y\rselves1 ,c x be o!rwise ?an an  
awful ?+ to appe> be=e ! ,moral ,gov]nor
 ( ! _w8 ,y h read1 p]haps1 ! writt5    
record ( "s pure & sa9tly life1 & y are 
ov]:elm$ ) %ame z y look inw>d & contra/
 y\r sulli$ he>t & y\r self-seek+ aims )
 8 innoc5cy & cleanness ( he>t4 ,y are  
confront$--y1 an av[$ly religi\s        
p]son--9 y\r bus9ess affairs ) an       
upright man ( ! _w2 & 8 /raight=w>d     
hone/y is felt by y z a ke5 reproa* to  

y\r dis+5u\sness & evasion1 all ! ke5]  
because he makes no pr(ession (         
religion4 ,yes1 y "k x2 ?is is ! v      
impress ( ,god's attribute on 8 s\l1    
?\gh ,god's "n may seldom or nev] pass 8
 lips4 ,& if ^! fa9t rays ( ! ,et]nal   
,light1 ?us caught & reflect$ on !      
blurr$ mirrors ( human he>ts & human    
lives1 s /+ & pa9 ! organs ( y\r moral  
vision1 :at mu/ x n be1 !n1 :5 y %all /&
 face to face be=e ! ineffable          
,righte\sness1 & see ,him 9 ,8 uncl\d$  
glory6  ,x is a vision inde$ ( awe1     
transc5d+ all ?\ght2 a vision ( awe1 b a
 vision also ( purification1 ( r5ewal1 (
 en]gy1 ( p[]1 ( life4 ,!re=e ent] into 
8 pres5ce n[ & ca/ y\rself d[n be=e ,8  
?rone4 ,!re=e d>e to asc5d into ! holy  
m\nta92 d>e to speak ) ,god amid/ !     
?und]s & ! lightn+s2 d>e to look ^u !   
face ( ,8 righte\sness1 t1 desc5d+ f !  
heights1 y1 l ! lawgiv] ( old1 may c>ry 
) y ! reflection ( ,8 brightness1 to    
illum9e & to vivify ! common            
associations & ! e-day affairs ( life4  

,n a few "h w d\btless rememb] h[ an    
eloqu5t liv+ prea*] 9 a /rik+ image     
employs ! di/ant view ( ! t[]s ( y\r own
 ,durham--( my own ,durham--se5 f !     
neighb\rhood ( ! busy nor!rn capital    
only 9 ! cle>] atmosph]e ( ,sundays--z  
an emblem ( ^! glimpses ( ! ,et]nal     
,pres5ce1 ^! int]vals ( ,sabbatical     
repose & contemplation1 :5 ! furnaces & 
pits cease = ! "t to p\r =? _! lurid    
smoke1 & 9 ! uncl\d$ sky ! t[]s ( !     
cele/ial ,zion reveal !mselves to ! eye 
( fai?4 ,let ?is local image give po9t  
to our ?\ghts to-day4 ,unto ,!e lift ,i 
up m9e eyes1 ,o ,?\ t dwelle/ 9 !       
heav5s4 ,behold1 ev5 z ! eyes ( s]vants 
look unto ! h& ( _! ma/]s1 & z ! eyes ( 
a maid5 unto ! h& ( h] mi/ress1 ev5 s   
our eyes wait ^u ! ,"l our ,god4  ,,ii4 
,b ! vision ( ,righte\sness is succe$$  
by ! vision ( ,grace4 ,:5 ,butl] 9 8 dy+
 mom5ts _h express$ 8 awe at appe>+ face
 to face be=e ! ,moral ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 
8 *apla91 we are told1 spoke to him ( ! 
blood :i* cleanse? f all s94 ,ah1 ?is is

 com=table1 he repli$2 & ) ^! words on 8
 lips he gave up 8 s\l to ,god4 ,!      
sequ5ce is a necess>y sequ5ce4 ,he only 
has access to ! ,et]nal ,love :o has    
/ood face to face ) ! ,et]nal           
,righte\sness4 ,he only :o has le>n$ to 
feel ! awe w be taught to "k ! grace4 ,!
 righte\s ,judge1 ! ,moral ,gov]nor ( ! 
,_w1 is a lov+ ,fa!r also1 is y\r ,fa!r 
& m9e4 ,?is is ! c5tral lesson (        
,*ri/ianity4 ,( ?is ,he has giv5 u      
absolute assurance1 9 ! life1 ! dea?1 ! 
words1 & ! works ( ,*ri/4 ,! inc>nation 
( ! ,son is ! mirror ( ! ,fa!r's love4  
,:at witness ne$ we m8 ,happy he :o %all
 realise ?is fact 9 all its significance
 & fulness4 ,happy he on :om ! light ( !
 glory ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 :o is !     
image ( ,god1 %all %9e1 he :o %all--    
,gaze "o mom5t on ! ,face ,^: beauty    
,wakes ! _w's great hymn2     ,feel x "o
 unutt]able mom5t1         ,b5t 9 love  
o'er him2     ,9 t look feel heav51 e>?1
 m51 & angels1         ,di/ant gr[1 &   
dim2     ,9 t look feel heav51 e>?1 m51 

& angels1         ,ne>] gr[ ?r\gh ,him4 
,yes1 x is s inde$4 ,all our int]e/s 9  
life1 ! highe/ & ! l[e/ alike1 ab&on$1  
m]g$1 =gott5 9 ,god's love1 w come back 
to u ) a di/9ctness1 an int5sity1 a =ce1
 unkn[n & unsuspect$ be=e4 ,ea* sev]al  
outl9e & ea* p>ticul> hue w /& out 9 !  
light ( ,8 grace4 ,?us we are bidd5 to  
lose our s\ls only t we may f9d !m aga92
 we are *>g$ to give up h\ses1 & bre?r51
 & si/]s1 & fa!r1 & "m1 & wife1 &       
*ildr51 & l&s--all t is lovely & preci\s
 9 our eyes--to give up all to ,god1    
only t we may receive !m back f ,him a  
hundr$fold1 ev5 n[ 9 ?is pres5t "t4 ,our
 affections1 our fri5d%ips1 our hopes1  
our bus9ess & our pleasure1 our         
intellectual pursuits & our arti/ic     
ta/es--all our *]i%$ opportunities & all
 our fonde/ aims mu/ be br\ght into !   
sanctu>y & ba!d 9 ! glory ( ,8 ,pres5ce1
 t we may take !m to u aga91 baptiz$ &  
reg5]ate1 pur]1 high]1 m real1 m abid+  
f> ?an be=e4  ,,iii4 ,& ?us ! vision (  
love melts into ! vision ( glory4 ,s we 

rea* ! ?ird & f9al /age 9 our progress4 
,?is is ! cr[n+ promise ( ! ,apocalyptic
 vision1 ,!y %all see ,8 face4 ,! vision
 is only in*oate n[2 we cat* only       
glimpses at r>e int]vals1 reveal$ 9 !   
lives ( ,god's sa9ts & h]oes1 reveal$   
above all 9 ! record ( ! writt5 ,^w & 9 
! ,inc>nation ( ! ,div9e ,son4 ,b !n no 
veil ( ! fle% %all dim ! vision2 no     
imp]fection ( ! mirror %all blur !      
image2 = we %all see ,him face to       
face--%all see ,him z ,he is--! p]fect  
tru?1 ! p]fect righte\sness1 ! p]fect   
purity1 ! p]fect love1 ! p]fect light4  
,& we %all gaze ) unbl5*+ eye1 & our    
visage %all be *ang$4 ,n n[ ) transi5t  
gleams ( radiance1 z on ! lawgiv] ( old1
 %all ! light be reflect$ f u2 b re/+ ^u
 u ) its own ineffable glory1 ! awful   
efflu5ce--      ,%all flood our be+     
r\nd1 & take our lives     ,into itself4
  ,( ?is f9al goal ( our aspirations--( 
?is cr[n+ my/]y ( our be+--! m9d is     
helpless to conceive1 & ! tongue refuses
 to tell4 ,sil5t contemplation1 & wond]+

 awe1 & f]v5t ?anksgiv+ alone befit !   
!me4 ,ev5 ! inspir$ lips ( an ,apo/le   
are hu%$ be=e x4 ,belov$1 n[ are we !   
sons ( ,god1 & x do? n yet appe> :at we 
%all be2 b we "k t1 :5 ,he %all appe>1  
we %all be l ,him1 = we %all see ,him z 
,he is--we %all see ,him z ,he is4      
,,! ,,heav5ly ,,tea*]4#g   ,he %all take
 ( ,m9e1 & %all %[ x unto y4--,,/4      
,,john xvi4  #ae4   ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 ! 
orphanhood ( ! disciples4 ,i am n inv5t+
 a figure ( my own :5 ,i say ?is4 ,x is 
! language :i* our ,"l ,himself uses to 
describe _! de/itute condition4 ,9 our  
,engli% ,bible ,he is made to speak (   
leav+ !m com=tless4 ,! words 9 ! orig9al
 are3 ,leave y orphans--,leave y        
desolate1 z x is translat$ 9 ! ,revis$  
,v]sion4 ,!y w\ld be fa!rless1 mo!rless1
 homeless1 fri5dless--at lea/1 s x seem$
 to !m--:5 ,he 0 gone4  ,no condition ( 
life excites s ke5ly ! compassion ( !   
compassionate z ! helplessness ( !      
orphan4 ,x is n only t a *ild is        
depriv$1 by its p>5ts' dea?1 ( ! means (

 subsi/5ce2 its natural gu>dian1 tea*]1 
fri5d is gone4 ,h5ce=? x is a waif on ! 
ocean ( ! _w4 ,9 no respect diff]5t 0 t 
void :i* ?reat5$ ! disciples :5 !       
,ma/]'s pres5ce _h be5 )drawn4 ,!y _h   
left all--au?ority1 home4 ,!y _h =sak5  
p>5ts & fri5ds1 & ,he _h become ,fa!r & 
,"m1 & ,si/] & ,bro!r to !m4 ,!y _h giv5
 up h\ses & l&1 & ,he 0 h5ce=? _! home4 
,_! dep5d5ce on ,him 0 absolute4 ,:atev]
 ( joy !y _h 9 ! pres5t1 & :at ( hope !y
 _h = ! future1 7 alike c5tr$ 9 ,him4   
,!y ?\ght ,8 ?\ghts & liv$ ,8 life4 ,&  
n[ ?is communion ( s\l ) s\l1 & ( life )
 life1 mu/ be ru?lessly sev]$4  ,?is 0 !
 t]rible %ock = :i* ,*ri/ w\ld prep>e ! 
m9ds ( ,8 disciples4 ,x 0 n only ! void 
( e>?ly hopes scatt]$ by ,8 dea?2 b _!  
,tea*]1 _! ,guide1 ,_s1 ,fri5d1 ,*ri/1  
_! ,fa!r 0 )drawn4 ,! voice :i* soo!d   
mu/ be sil5t1 & ! eye :i* gladd5$ mu/ be
 glaz$1 & ! h& :i* bless$ mu/ be /iff5$ 
9 dea?4 ,*ri/ lay buri$--lo/ = ev]1 z x 
w\ld seem to !m4 ,:at joy1 :at /r5g?1   
:at com=t c\ld !y h h5ce=? 9 life8 ,!y  

w\ld /ake _! :ole on ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ has 
fail$ !m4 ,surely1 nev] 0 orphanhood m  
helpless1 m hopeless1 ?an ! orphanhood (
 ^! poor ,galileans4  ,x 0 to prep>e !m 
= ?is t]rible trial t ! promise 9 ! text
 0 giv54 ,he mu/ g2 b ano!r %all come4  
,!y %\ld n be )\t a tea*]1 a guide2 "o  
,advocate1 "o ,com=t] w\ld be )drawn1 b 
ano!r w\ld take ,8 place4 ,!re w\ld be a
 fri5d /ill1 an advis] ev] ne> to take  
!m by ! h&1 to :isp] into _! e>s1 to    
prep>e1 to in/ruct1 to protect1 to      
=tify1 to guide !m into all tru?4 ,ano!r
 com=t]4 ,yes2 & yet n ano!r4 ,!re w\ld 
n be less ( ,*ri/1 b m ( ,*ri/1 :5 ,*ri/
 0 gone4 ,?is is ! spiritual p>adox :i* 
is assur$ to ! disciples by ! promise 9 
! text--,he %all take ( ,m9e1 & %[ x    
unto y4 ,all ?+s t ! ,fa!r ha? are ,m9e2
 !re=e1 said ,i1 ,he %all take ( ,m9e & 
%all %[ x unto y4 ,ano!r1 & yet n ano!r4
 ,x 0 n ,*ri/ supplant$1 n ,*ri/        
sup]s$$1 n ,*ri/ eclips$ & qu5*$1 b a   
l>g]1 high]1 pur]1 m abundant ,*ri/ )   
:om h5ce=? !y %\ld live4 ,x 0 n n[ a    

,*ri/ :o might be speak+ at "o mom5t & !
 next mom5t might be hu%$1 b a ,*ri/ ^: 
tongue 0 ev] articulate & ev]           
audible--,*ri/ vocal ev5 9 ,8 v sil5ce4 
,x 0 n n[ a ,*ri/ :o 0 se5 at "o mom5t1 
& ! next 0 conceal$ f view by "s inf9ite
 ob/acle1 b a ,*ri/ ^: visit no d>kness 
c\ld hide & ^: t\* no di/ance c\ld      
deta94 ,x 0 n a ,*ri/ ( n[ & !n1 n a    
,*ri/ ( "h & !re1 b a ,*ri/ ( e mom5t & 
e place--a ,*ri/ z p]meat+ z ! ,_s is   
p]meat+4 ,he %all take ( ,m9e1 & %all %[
 x unto y4 ,lo1 ,i am ) y alway6 ,i am )
 y ev5 to ! end ( ! _w4  ,he is n lo/1  
!n4 ,?is is ! promise :i* ,*ri/ gives to
 ,8 disciples on ! eve ( ,8 dep>ture to 
console !m = _! loss4 ,8 dep>ture 0 m   
?an necess>y4 ,x 0 ev5 exp$i5t1 x 0 ev5 
advantage\s = !m t ,he %\ld g4 ,did n ! 
,savi\r say ?is8 ,no?+ w\ld h seem$ m   
improbable 9 ! anticipation ?an t ! dea?
 ( ,*ri/ %\ld h produc$ ! effect x did  
produce on ,8 disciples4 ,we %\ld h     
pr$ict$ weakness1 depression1 mis]y1    
scepticism1 apo/acy1 despair2 & yet :at 

0 ! actual result8 ,:y1 all at once !y  
appe> be=e u z *ang$ m54 ,all at once !y
 %ake (f mean] hopes2 all at once _!    
n]ves are =tifi$1 are lift$ into a high]
 region4 ,on ! eve ( ! cata/rophe !y are
 hesitat+1 fe>ful1 s5se-b\nd1 n>r[ 9 _! 
ideas4 ,!y are1 we might almo/ say1 ( ! 
e>? e>?y4 ,& on ! morr[ !y are /rong1   
/eadfa/1 c\rage\s1 end[$ ) a new        
spiritual faculty :i* be>s unto ! v     
salvation ( salvation4 ,hi!rto !y h kn[n
 ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%4 ,h5ce=? !y w "k ,him
 s no m4  ,to "k ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%6 ,:at
 w\ld we n h giv5 to h kn[n ,him aft] ! 
fle%8 ,:at a s\rce ( /r5g? x w\ld h be5 
to u1 we imag9e1 j to h li/5$ to "o ( ^?
 p>ables spok5 by ,8 own lips2 j to h   
witness$ "o ( ^? miracles ( heal+ wr\ght
 by ,8 own h&2 j to h look$ "o mom5t on 
,him z ,he /ood sil5t 9 ! judgm5t-hall1 
or ble$+ on ! cross6 ,b no6 ,x 0 exp$i5t
 = u1 z x 0 exp$i5t = ! fir/ disciples1 
t ,he %\ld g away4 ,x 0 exp$i5t = u2    
o!rwise ! ,_s c\ld n come4  ,to "k ,*ri/
 aft] ! fle%6 ,did n ! disciples "k ,him

 aft] ! fle%1 & did !y n =sake ,him8    
,did n ,?omas :o d\bt$ & ,pet] :o d5i$  
"k ,him aft] ! fle%8 ,did n ! ,jewi% mob
 :i* hoot$ & revil$1 & ! ,roman soldi]s 
:o sc\rg$1 "k ,him aft] ! fle%8 ,:at    
security 0 ?is k aft] ! fle% aga9/      
scepticism1 aga9/ blasphemy1 aga9/      
apo/acy1 aga9/ rebellion8 ,see+1 x is   
said1 is believ+4 ,yes1 & he>+1 too4 ,b 
x is ! see+ ( ! spiritual eye & ! he>+ (
 ! spiritual e>--! eye t beheld ! heav5s
 op5 & ! ,son ( ,man /&+ on ! "r h& (   
,god3 ! he>+ ( ! glory :5 ,he 0 call$   
into ,p>adise1 unspeakable words :i* x  
is n lawful = a man to utt]4  ,to "k    
,*ri/ aft] ! fle%4 ,:y %\ld we desire to
 "k ,him aft] ! fle%8 ,x 0 j to untea* !
 disciples !mselves1 ^: k 0 only aft] ! 
fle%1 t ,*ri/ w5t away1 because s long z
 !y 7 possess$ ( ?is k1 ! ,p>aclete c\ld
 n come1 c\ld n take up ,8 abode 9 _!   
fai?4 ,?us1 ?is is ! "w ( ! ,_s1 z      
describ$ by our ,"l1 9 ! text to u1 z to
 ! disciples ( old4 ,! ,_s (f]s n less (
 ,*ri/1 b m ( ,*ri/2 = 9 ! place ( !    

,*ri/ :o walk$ on ! %ores ( ! ,galilean 
lake1 :o sat on ! br9k ( ! ,sam>itan    
well1 & %$ te>s ov] ! doom$ city--in/ead
 ( su* a ,*ri/ we h a ,*ri/ :o is ev]   
pres5t to u2 a ,*ri/ ( all times & all  
places2 a ,*ri/ :o trav]ses !           
univ]se--an ,omnipot5t ,*ri/4  ,look at 
! explanation :i* our ,"l ,himself gave 
to ! prophets3 ,he %all take ( ,m9e1 &  
%all %[ x unto y4 ,h[ s8 ,:y ( ,*ri/1 & 
,*ri/ only8 ,has ! ,_s no?+ else to tea*
 u8 ,he> :at foll[s3 ,all ?+s--all      
?+s--t ! ,fa!r ha? are ,m9e2 !re=e1 said
 ,i unto y1 ,he %all take ( m9e & %all  
%[ x unto y4  ,all ?+s6 ,yes2 all       
hi/ory1 all sci5ce1 all aggregation (   
tru? 9 :atev] doma91 & :atev] k9d x may 
be4 ,?9k y1 ,he seems to say--?9k y t   
,my work+ is conf9$ to a few paltry     
miracles wr\ght 9 ,galilee8 ,! univ]se  
itself is ,my miracle4 ,?9k y ,my words 
are re/rict$ to a few %ort precepts     
utt]$ to ! ,jews8 ,we make fooli%       
di/9ctions4 ,we imag9e we erect a b>ri] 
)9 :i* we w\ld conf9e ! ,*ri/ ( our own 

imag9ation2 b ! ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/'s own     
tea*+ ov]leaps all su* b>ri]s ( ours4   
,we are c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 k &    
reveal$ religion4 ,we sep>ate ,*ri/ f ! 
=m] & we relegate ,him to ! latt]2 b !  
,*ri/ ( ,*ri/'s own tea*+ is ! ,et]nal  
,^w1 ?r\gh :om ! ,fa!r speaks4 ,we draw 
! rigid l9es ( dem>cation betwe5 sci5ce 
& !ology1 betwe5 religion & language1 b 
! ,*ri/ ( ! p is ! h& ( ! ,fa!r n less 9
 sci5ce & language ?an 9 religion &     
!ology4 ,we h our di/9ctions betwe5 !   
secul> & ! spiritual1 z if ! two 7      
antagoni/ic4 ,we mu/ n use a say+ (     
,*ri/1 z if x taught t our duty to      
,caes> 0 some?+ q ap>t f our duty to    
,god2 z if1 =soo?1 x 7 possible = u to h
 any moral obligation to any man1 or    
body ( m51 to any *ild1 :i* 0 n also an 
obligation to ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,b ! ,*ri/ (
 ! ,gospel claims sov]eignty ov] all    
alike--ov] t :i* we call secul> n less  
?an t :i* we call spiritual4 ,all       
?+s--all ?+s--t ! ,fa!r ha? are ,m9e2   
!re=e1 ,i say1 ,he %all take ( ,m9e1 &  

%[ x unto y4  ,we speak sometimes ( !   
revelations4 ,yes2 revelations1 inde$1 n
 m]ely ( inanimate processes1 n m]ely ( 
bl9d laws1 b revelations ( ! et]nal _w1 
( ! ,et]nal ,son ?r\gh :om ! ,fa!r      
works4 ,!re=e1 z ,*ri/ians1 we are b\nd 
to look ^u ^! z ,*ri/4 ,!re=e1 if we are
 true to our heav5ly s*ool+1 ! ,_s w    
take up ^! & %[ !m unto u4 ,he %all take
 ( ,m9e1 & %all %ew x unto y4  ,are we  
dilig5t /ud5ts ( ! lessons ( hi/ory8 ,d 
we delight to trace ! progress ( ! human
 race f ! fir/ dawn ( civilisation to   
its noonday blaze8 ,to disclose !       
obscure pa/ ( ! great nations ( ! e>?8  
to m>k ! developm5t ( ! arts ( gov]nm5t8
 to foll[ ! ev]-wid5+ range ( intellect8
 to disc]n ! /ream ( human life broad5+ 
sl[ly d[n ) ! =ce ( ages8  ,!n let u see
 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ n less 9 ! progress (  
hi/ory ?an 9 ! laws ( sci5ce4 ,he 0 9 ! 
_w1 & ! _w knew ,him n4 ,he 0 ! true    
,light t lighte? e man--! ,light ev]    
bright] & cle>] till x atta9$ its full  
glory at l5g? 9 ! ,inc>nation4 ,!re=e ! 

s*ool ( hi/ory is also ! s*ool ( ! ,holy
 ,_s1 = x is ! sett+ =? ( ,*ri/4 ,he t  
ha? eyes to see1 let him see4 ,he %all  
take ( ,m9e4  ,if y h trac$ ,*ri/'s     
footpr9ts 9 ! processes ( ,nature2 if y 
h he>d ,*ri/'s voice 9 ! tea*+s (       
hi/ory--!n1 surely1 y w n fail to see & 
he> ,him 9 y\r own dome/ic & social     
relations4 ,t pure affection :i* has be5
 to y a f\nta9 ( b5$iction2 t fri5d%ip  
:i* has be5 ! cr[n+ glory ( y\r life--c 
y ?9k ( x ap>t f ,*ri/8 ,if y d n f9d   
,*ri/ "h1 assur$ly y w seek ,him 9 va9  
else:]e4 ,:at 0 t tru?fulness1 t purity1
 t unselfi%ness1 t devotion :i* attract$
 y to ! brok5 light ( ! ,great ,light1 a
 reflect$ ray f ! ,c5tral ,sun ,himself8
 ,yes1 ! ,_s took ( ,*ri/ & %[$ x to y  
:51 ?r\gh t affection1 ?r\gh t fri5d%ip1
 ,he held up to y ! nobl]1 because a m  
,god-l1 idea ( life4 ,he %all take (    
,m9e4 ,he %all br+ all ?+s to y\r       
remembrance1 :atsoev] ,i h said to y4   
,la/ & *iefe/1 = ! cr[n ( all ^!--^!    
rays ?r\gh =e/ & m\nta9--( all o!r      

lessons1 ,he %all set be=e y ! full     
,sun4 ,he %all tea* y ! lesson (        
,inc>nation4 ,he %all %[ unto y\r s\l ! 
trem5d\s importance ( t /atem5t :i*     
comes f y\r lips z "t aft] "t y repeat  
y\r cre$3 ,he 0 made man4 ,he %all tea* 
y ! lesson ( ! ,passion4 ,he %all rem9d 
y day & night ( ! p>am\nt obligation :i*
 x lays ^u y4 ,?9k--yes1 ?9k & ?9k1 &   
?9k--( t ^w till ! love ( ,*ri/ %all    
con/ra9 y\r :ole be+1 %all b9d y h& &   
foot1 & lead y captive to ! w ( ,god4   
,he %all tea* y ! lesson ( !            
resurrection1 emancipat+1 purify+1      
/r5g!n+1 exalt+1 till he makes y        
con=mable !reunto4 ,!n y w rise f !     
sepul*re 9 :i* y h la9 _m days1 w brea! 
! pure air ( ,god's pres5ce once m1 w   
sit at meat :5 y are ris52 :ile1 ?\gh 9 
! _w1 y w be no long] ( ! _w2 not)/&+   
all disabilities & weaknesses y w       
live--live ev5 n[ z fai?ful citiz5s ( ! 
k+dom ( heav51 :i* is righte\sness1 &   
peace1 & joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4           
,,note4--,^! ,s]mons are pr9t$ f        

reports4     ,,*ri/ianity ,,&           
,,paganism4#h     ,i4   ,9 ! lectures   
:i* ,i address$ to y ?is la/ ye>1 ,i    
took z my subject ! e>ly hi/ory (       
,*ri/ianity :ile x 0 /ill unrecognis$ by
 ,roman law1 &1 !re=e1 treat$ z an enemy
 ( ! ,/ate4 ,on ?is occasion ,i purpose 
to trace ! /ream a little fur!r f its   
s\rce1 :5 ,*ri/ianity has =c$ itself    
into recognition & become ! pr$om9ant   
religion ( ! empire4 ,! /ruggle betwe5  
,*ri/ianity & ,paganism has entirely    
*ang$ its outw>d "*4 ,! only weapons :i*
 ! ,*ur* c\ld wield at a =m] epo* 7     
moral & spiritual4 ,%e is n[ furni%$ )  
all ! appliances ( political & social   
pre/ige2 yet ^!1 h[ev] impos+1 & to "s  
ext5t s]viceable1 are n h] really       
effective arms4 ,%e c af=d to be depriv$
 ( !m = a "t1 & h] c>e] ( victory is    
un*eck$4 ,h] sub/antial triumphs mu/    
/ill be won by ! old weapons4 ,! s\rce (
 h] sup]iority ov] ,paganism is /ill !  
same z be=e--a m enlight5$ fai? 9 ! w ( 
! unse51 a he>ti] devotion to ! cause ( 

humanity1 a m rev]5tial awe = ! maje/y (
 purity1 a great] read9ess to d & to    
suff]4 ,! *ange has be5 z />tl+ & z     
sudd5 z x 0 mom5t\s4 ,all at once !     
,*ur* _h pass$ f hopeless1 helpless     
oppression to supremacy & p[]4 ,= sev]al
 ye>s aft] ! op5+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ! la/ 
& fi]ce/ p]secution /ill rag$1 ,*ri/ians
 7 hunt$ d[n1 tortur$1 put to dea? )    
impunity & )\t m]cy4 ,! only limit to _!
 suff]+s 0 ! we>9ess or ! caprice ( _!  
p]secutors4 ,yet be=e ! fir/ qu>t] ( ?is
 c5tury has drawn to a close ! greate/  
sov]eign :o _h worn ! imp]ial diadem =  
?ree hundr$ ye>s is f\nd presid+ at a   
c\ncil ( ,*ri/ian bi%ops discuss+ ! mo/ 
important que/ions ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e z 
?\gh ! fate ( ! empire dep5d$ ^u !      
result4 ,9 ! %ort p]iod ( fifte5 ye>s   
:i* elaps$ betwe5 ! dea? ( ,gal]ius & ! 
,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 ! mo/ /up5d\s        
revolution :i* ! pages ( hi/ory record  
_h be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,we _c wond] t !    
contempor>y hea!n fail$ altoge!r to     
recognise its complet5ess & its         

p]man5ce4 ,ev5 to ourselves1 :o look    
back at ! /ruggle betwe5 ,*ri/ianity &  
,paganism f ! vantage gr\nd ( hi/ory1 x 
is difficult to realise ! sudd5ness ( ! 
transition4 ,to ^? :o liv$ 9 ! heat ( ! 
conflict1 & ^: e/imate ( relative       
proportions 0 necess>ily confus$ by !   
ne>ness ( ?is position1 x 0 altoge!r    
un9telligible4 ,! "o ?+ :i* mo/ a/oni%es
 u 9 hea!n writ]s at ?is p]iod is _!    
bl9dness to ! real significance ( !     
*ange4 ,!y ignore x1 or !y make light ( 
x2 !y speak ( ,*ri/ian sects1 ( ,*ri/ian
 (fices & ,*ri/ian rites1 9 a tone (    
cold indiff]5ce :]e !y ?9k fit to m5tion
 !m at all4 ,obvi\sly !y look at        
,*ri/ianity z a ph5om5on :i* x may be   
curi\s to contemplate1 b :i* has no     
great practical mom5t = !m2 !y d n      
realise x z de/9$ to m+le p]man5tly ) ! 
ma9 /ream ( human life4 ,*ri/ianity to  
!m is /ill a m]e ,syrian sup]/ition :i* 
has become ! fa%ion ( ! day1 z s _m o!r 
sup]/itions h be5 be=e x1 &1 l its      
pr$ecessors1 w pass away :5 x has _h its

 fl+4 ,! tru? is1 t ! revolution 0 n    
really sudd51 ?\gh x seem$ s4 ,9 its    
social & political aspects1 its victory 
0 almo/ in/antane\s1 b ess5tially x 0 a 
moral revolution2 & su* revolutions are 
ev] gradual3 !y provoke no notice       
because !y are noiseless2 !y advance    
pati5tly & sil5tly1 /ep by /ep2 & !n    
only :5 ! "w is done d indiff]5t        
spectators discov] t any "w has be5 go+ 
on4 ,_! true type is t temple ( ,god 9  
^: build+ nei!r hamm]1 nor axe1 nor tool
 ( iron 0 he>d1 because ! /ones _h be5  
br\ght ?i!r ready hewn = ! build+4  ,9  
?is c\rse ( lectures x is my design to  
discuss ! fall ( ,paganism & ! triumph (
 ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,roman empire2 b       
obvi\sly ?is subject is too l>ge =      
adequate treatm5t )9 ! space ( ?ree %ort
 lectures4 ,i am oblig$1 !re=e1 to limit
 x 9 "s way or o!r2 & x seem$ to me t ,i
 c\ld n d bett] ?an take ! reign (      
,julian ! ,apo/ate z ! c5tral feature 9 
! picture1 & gr\p ar\nd x su* o!r facts 
z may be requir$ to expla9 its          

significance4 ,!re are _m advantages 9  
?is mode ( treatm5t4 ,?is ,paganism 0   
nev] exhibit$ to m advantage ?an 9 !    
p]son ( ?is1 its greate/ & mo/ en]getic 
*ampion4 ,high p]sonal "*1 no common    
intellectual gift1 great milit>y r5[n1  
supreme political p[]1 p]fect k ( 8     
adv]s>y1 absolute & unfl9*+ devotion to 
8 own cause--all ^! unit$ to make       
,julian ! mo/ =midable antagoni/ :i* !  
,*ur* ev] _h1 or might be expect$ to h4 
,8 c>e] %[$ :at ,paganism c\ld d1 & :at 
x c\ld n d4 ,! ability ( ! *ampion only 
expos$ ! helplessness ( ! cause4 ,&     
aga91 a full blaze ( light is p\r$ ^u   
?is "o man & ?is "o reign su* z r>ely   
falls to any p]iod ( anci5t hi/ory4     
,julian himself1 devot$ fri5ds1 imp>tial
 critics1 sworn foes1 hea!n & ,*ri/ian1 
or?odox & ,arian--all h contribut$ to ! 
complet5ess ( ! portraiture4 ,?is /range
 "*1 half philosoph]1 half fanatic1 !   
mo/ w>y ( dissembl]s1 & ! mo/ ,quixotic 
( adv5tur]s1 /&s be=e u ) a di/9ctness (
 feature :i* leaves no?+ to be desir$4  

,9 ord] to und]/& ! man & ! epo* x is   
necess>y to take up ! c\rse ( hi/ory m  
?an half a c5tury be=e he asc5d$ !      
?rone4 ,! />t+-po9t 9 our review ( ev5ts
 is ! mo/ remote prov9ce ( ! empire--!  
isl& ( ,brita94 ,on ! #be? ( ,july1     
#cjf1 ,con/ant9e 0 proclaim$ ,emp]or by 
! ,roman ,legion>ies at ,york4 ,oh1     
happy ,brita91 says a hea!n panegyri/1 n
 !n =esee+ ! /up5d\s results1 ,oh1 happy
 ,brita96 t x has fir/ se5 ,con/ant9e z 
,caes>4 ,?is 0 ! comm5cem5t ( a long    
reign1 ext5d+ ov] m ?an ?irty ye>s--!   
longe/ 9 ! annals ( ,imp]ial ,rome s9ce 
,augu/us4 ,9 ! int]val ( ?ree c5turies  
:i* sep>at$ ^! two rem>kable m51 no     
emp]or _h reign$ :o des]v$ to be        
consid]$ great z !y 74 ,& _! lives are  
l9k$ toge!r 9 ano!r way4 ,! "o reign saw
 ,*ri/ianity cradl$ 9 ! mang]2 ! o!r    
witness$ x seat$ on ! ?rone4 ,on ,octob]
 #bg?1 #cab1 "s two miles f ! walls (   
,rome1 :]e ! ,great ,nor? ,road crosses 
! ,tib]1 0 f\ght ! decisive battle ( !  
,milvian ,bridge4 ,! r\t$ army ) its    

capta9 & rival ,emp]or1 ! hea!n *ampion 
,max5tius1 p]i%$ 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,tib]1 & 
,con/ant9e ent]$ ! ,imp]ial city--!     
/ronghold ( ,paganism--9 triumph4 ,on   
,june #ae?1 #cac1 0 sign$ ! great *>t] (
 religi\s tol]ation--! ,edict ( ,milan1 
issu$ 9 ! jo9t names ( ! ,emp]ors       
,con/ant9e & ,lic9ius4 ,by ?is edict    
,*ri/ianity 0 recognis$ z a lawful      
religion4 ,! sacr$ places1 & ! prop]ty  
:i* _h be5 tak5 f ! ,*ri/ians dur+ !    
great p]secution 7 re/or$ to !m once m4 
,e man 0 all[$ h5ce=? to adopt any =m ( 
wor%ip :i* he might *oose4 ,on ! #be? ( 
,july1 #cbe1 ! anniv]s>y ( 8 accession &
 ! inauguration ( ! tw5tie? ye> ( 8     
reign1 ,con/ant9e1 !n sole ,emp]or1     
br\ght ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea to a close4  
,he _h be5 pres5t at sev]al ( its       
sitt+s1 & ?r\gh\t _h ex]t$ himself to ! 
utmo/ to secure unanimity4 ,by a high]  
inspiration1 yet n )\t 8 in/rum5tality1 
! delib]ations ( ! assembl$ ,bi%ops     
result$ 9 ! ,cre$ :i* 0 to be h5ce=? & =
 ev] ! basis ( unity 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,b1    

mean:ile1 :at 0 ,con/ant9e himself8 ,x  
is /range t1 not)/&+ ! prom95t "p tak5  
by ?is ,emp]or 9 ! e/abli%m5t &         
consolidation ( ! ,*ur*1 hi/orians h be5
 f\nd to d\bt ! g5u95ess ( 8 conv]sion1 
,i d n ?9k t ! facts ju/ify any su*     
hesitation4 ,= ! s9c]ity ( 8 ,*ri/ian   
pr(ession we h two gu>antees1 :i*1      
comb9$1 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be reg>d$ z        
conclusive4 ,x 0 gradual1 & x 0         
dis9t]e/$4 ,x 0 gradual4 ,i %all say    
no?+ "h ( 8 miracul\s conv]sion1 ( !    
fi]y cross 9 ! heav5s1 ) ! inscrib$     
words1 ,h]eby conqu]1 :i* is said to h  
appe>$ to him %ortly be=e ! battle ( !  
,milvian ,bridge4 ,:at tru? und]lies ?is
 /ory we %all nev] "k2 b1 judg+ by 8    
public actions1 we trace a gradual      
advance t[>ds a m di/9ct reception (    
,*ri/ianity4 ,8 fa!r ,con/ant9e _h be5 a
 believ] 9 "o ,god4 ,he _h ext5d$ 8     
protection to ! ,*ri/ians :5 !y 7       
p]secut$ by 8 ,imp]ial colleagues4 ,?is 
,mono!ism & ?is tol]ation desc5d$ to    
,con/ant9e1 z x 71 by inh]itance4 ,= "s 

ye>s aft] 8 accession he appe>s n to h  
advanc$ mu* beyond ?is po9t4 ,on !      
triumphal ar* erect$ 9 ,rome to         
commemorate 8 victory ov] ,max5tius1 &  
:i* /ill spans "o ( ! approa*es ( !     
,=um1 8 success is ascrib$ to !         
sugge/ions ( ! ,div9ity4 ,su* language  
is exactly :at 8 fa!r1 :o 0 n a         
,*ri/ian1 might h us$1 :at hea!n        
philosoph]s did use aga9 & aga94 ,?is   
vague expression1 ,! ,div9ity1 is       
repeat$ sev]al times aft]w>ds 9 ,imp]ial
 edicts4 ,!re is z yet no p]sonal       
pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,edict (    
,milan puts ! ,*ri/ians on ! same       
political level z ! ,pagan4 ,x gives !m 
no advantage2 b1 by degrees1 8 language 
becomes m explicit1 & 8 legislation m   
directly fav\rs ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,c\ncil 
( ,nicaea is ! climax ( aggressive      
asc5t4 ,aga9 x 0 dis9t]e/$4 ,z a m]e "q 
( worldly policy1 ,i ?9k x c h>dly be   
d\bt$ t ,con/ant9e act$ v unwisely 9    
embrac+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,8 ,*ri/ian        
subjects 7 /ill a comp>atively small    

m9ority--an aggressive m9ority x is     
true1 b n a dang]\s m9ority if prop]ly  
h&l$4 ,!y w\ld h be5 won ov] to a man by
 frank tol]ation z !y _h be5 won ov] to 
8 pr$ecessor1 ,alex&] ,sev]us1 & to 8   
fa!r1 ,con/antius ,*lorus4 ,!y ask$ no?+
 m ?an ?is4 ,b by ! fur!r /ep ( decl>+  
himself a ,*ri/ian he _h no?+ to ga9 & v
 mu* to lose4 ,he ali5at$ ! hea!n       
subjects1 :ile 8 ,*ri/ian subjects 7    
devot$ to him already4 ,inde$1 z a matt]
 ( fact1 x is q pla9 t 8 conv]sion did  
lead to mu* disaffection1 & t he 0      
greatly hamp]$ by x4 ,take an in/ance ( 
?is4 ,! secul> games1 ! great fe/ival ( 
?anksgiv+ = ! prosp]ity ( ,rome1        
recurr$1 accord+ to ,roman usage1 at    
long int]vals ( ab\t "o hundr$ & t5     
ye>s4 ,!y 7 celebrat$ ) great pomp &    
magnific5ce1 & accompani$ by elaborate  
propitiatory sacrifices to ! tutel>y    
deities ( ,rome4 ,!y _h be5 kept la/ "u 
,sev]us1 & ! "t _h come = ano!r         
celebration4 ,b ye> aft] ye> ( ! long   
reign ( ,con/ant9e pass$1 & no notice 0 

tak5 ( !m4 ,no omission w\ld h w\nd$ m  
deeply ! s5sibilities ( ! ,romans ?an   
?is4 ,! hea!n hi/orian ,zosimus1 writ+ a
 :ole c5tury aft]1 ascrib$ all ! woes t 
_h befall5 ! empire to ?is "o fatal     
neglect4 ,aga91 dur+ 8 second & la/     
visit to ,rome1 ! ,capitol9e games 7    
celebrat$4 ,a ma9 feature 9 ! c]emonial 
0 a procession along ! sacr$ way to !   
,temple ( ,jupit] on ! ,capitol1 9 :i* !
 ,emp]or himself 0 expect$ to take a "p4
 ,he flatly refus$4 ,look+ d[n f 8      
resid5ce on ! ,palat9e ,hill z !        
magnific5t tra9 w\nd r\nd its foot1 he  
broke out into expressions ( ridicule & 
contempt4 ,! s5ate & p 7 mortally (f5d$4
 ,on "o occasion1 probably dur+ ?is v   
visit1 8 /atues 7 pelt$ ) /ones4 ,?is   
insult 0 report$ to ,con/ant9e by "s    
indignant c\rti]4 ,! ,emp]or pass$ 8 h& 
across 8 br[4 ,he _h a /rong s5se (     
hum\r4 ,/range1 said he1 t ,i did n feel
 hurt4 ,b he did feel hurt1 nev]!less2  
hurt 9 dignity by ?is insol5ce ( !      
,romans1 & a new capital arose on !     

%ores ( ! ,bosphorus 9 prote/ aga9/ !   
outrage4 ,*ri/ian ,con/ant9ople 0 8     
rev5ge on hea!n ,rome4 ,he made himself 
a ,greek1 said ,dante1 to leave ,rome to
 ! ,pope4 ,d\btless ! ,papal p[] grew m 
freely :5 ! %ad[ ( ! ,imp]ial pres5ce 0 
remov$2 b ! ,pope 0 n 9 ,con/ant9e's    
m9d1 & ! imm$iate effect 0 a deadly     
side-?ru/ at hea!ndom4 ,rome1 !         
/ronghold ( hea!n s5tim5t & wor%ip1     
langui%$ rapidly f ?is "t4 ,paganism _h 
be5 /abb$ 9 ! he>t4  ,b :ile ! s9c]ity (
 ,con/ant9e _c reasonably be d\bt$1 8   
inconsi/5cy is q beyond "q4 ,! fact is t
 he 0 half a ,pagan to ! end1 &1 z      
,niebuhr has truly said1 we d him a     
griev\s wrong if we judge 8 actions by a
 purely ,*ri/ian /&>d4 ,9 ?is respect he
 0 only l _m ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 t age
 ( transition ! be/ hea!ns 7 half       
,*ri/ians1 & n ! be/ ,*ri/ians 7 half   
hea!ns4 ,! semi-,paganism ( ,con/ant9e  
is mat*$ by ! semi-,*ri/ianity (        
,julian4 ,i am n conc]n$ ) ! moral      
inconsi/5cies ( ?is ,emp]or4 ,! s9s (   

,con/ant9e w n condemn ! tru? (         
,*ri/ianity1 any m ?an ! virtues (      
,julian w re-in/ate ! errors (          
,paganism4 ,con/ant9e is all[$ on all   
h&s to h be5 temp]ate 9 8 habits & *a/e 
9 8 life2 b ! dome/ic hi/ory ( ?is great
 ,sov]eign 0 d>k5$ by "o horrible       
trag$y4 ,ab\t twelve mon?s aft] !       
,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 9 :i* he _h borne s  
conspicu\s a "p1 ! ,roman _w 0 horrifi$ 
by ! report ( ?ree murd]s 9 ! ,imp]ial  
h\sehold4 ,! ,emp]or's elde/ & fav\rite 
son1 ,crispus--a "y man ( highe/        
promise--an idol ( ! public2 8 little   
nephew--a bright1 engag+ boy ( twelve2 8
 own wife1 ,fau/a1 ! "m ( 8 ?ree y\ng]  
sons1 7 ru?lessly put to dea?4 ,:at 0 ! 
secret ( ?is trag$y we %all nev] "k4 ,x 
seems mo/ probable t ! son 0 implicat$ 9
 "s dang]\s conspiracy1 t ! nephew 0 an 
unconsci\s tool ( ! conspirators1 & t ! 
wife1 hav+ goad$ ! husb& 9 ! fir/ flu% (
 8 ang] to extreme measures aga9/ h]    
/epson1 h]self fell a victim to !       
viol5ce ( 8 remorse :5 ! revulsion came4

 ,!re 71 we may safely say1 circum/ances
 :i* might ext5uate ^! horrible crimes2 
!re c\ld be none :i* c\ld ju/ify !m4 ,a 
d>k1 indelible /a9 re/s on ! memory (   
,con/ant9e4  ,b if ! moral inconsi/5cy (
 ,con/ant9e is ! m %ock+1 8 religi\s    
inconsi/5cy is ! m bewild]+4 ,9 8       
rec5tly built capital he erect$ a /atue 
( himself1 :i* exhibit$ a /range m$ley (
 ! old & ! new1 & :i* may well s]ve = a 
type ( 8 c>e] z a sov]eign4 ,! ,emp]or 0
 repres5t$ z a foll[] ( ! ,deity1 :om he
 himself _h adopt$ z 8 patron 9 ! old   
days ( 8 ,paganism--! ,deity :om 8      
apo/ate nephew ev] reg>d$ ) special     
rev]5ce2 b 9 ! aureole :i* encircl$ !   
head ! rays took ! =m ( ! nails1 !      
in/rum5ts ( ,*ri/'s passion4 ,x 0       
believ$ t at ! base ( ?is /atue         
,con/ant9e _h plac$ a fragm5t ( ! true  
cross4 ,x is also /at$ t 9 ?is same     
place 0 deposit$ ! palladium--! *]i%$   
relic ( ,pagan ,rome1 :i* ,a,eneas 0    
said to h rescu$ f ! flames ( ,troy1 &  
:i* ,con/ant9e himself /eal?ily remov$  

to 8 new capital4 ,x is j ! same ) 8    
legislation4 ,?us we f9d almo/ side by  
side1 promulgat$ )9 two mon?s ( ea* o!r1
 two ,imp]ial decrees--! "o enjo9+ t    
,sunday %all be set ap>t z a day ( re/2 
! o!r provid+ t :5 ! palace or any      
public build+ is /ruck by lightn+1 !    
soo?say]s %all be consult$ z to ! mean+ 
( ! prodigy1 accord+ to anci5t cu/om1 & 
! answ] report$ to ! ,emp]or himself4   
,:51 inde$1 we see ?is juxtaposition (  
,*ri/ianity & ,paganism1 we are =cibly  
rem9d$ t ,con/ant9e 0 "o & at ! same "t 
! summon] ( ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil & ! *ief   
,pontiff ( hea!nism4 ,?us1 at "o mom5t1 
he 0 prea*+ s]mons to 8 c\rti]s &       
discuss+ dogmas ) 8 bi%ops2 &1 at !     
next1 he 0 issu+ ord]s = ! regulation ( 
"s ,pagan ritual4 ,! same f\nta9 did s5d
 =? sweet wat]s & bitt]4 ,& ?is         
incongruity held him captive to ! la/1  
ev5 beyond ! gates ( dea?4 ,9 8 newly   
built ea/]n capital--,*ri/ian           
,con/ant9ople--he 0 buri$ by 8 own      
directions 9 a *ur* amid/ ! memorials ( 

! apo/les1 & ! equal ( ! apo/les 0 !    
title accord$ to him by common cons5t4  
,9 8 =sak5 we/]n capital--hea!n         
,rome--he 01 z a matt] ( c\rse1 deifi$1 
z 8 ,imp]ial pr$ecessors _h be5 deifi$1 
z he himself _h deifi$ 8 own fa!r       
,con/antius2 & by virtue ( ?is apo!osis 
he took 8 rank1 n only ) an ,augu/us or 
a ,trajan1 b ) a ,commodus & a ,c>acalla
 among ! gods ( ,olympus4 ,a /range     
bl5d+ ( incongru\s elem5ts4 ,& yet1     
:atev] may h be5 felt ( ,con/ant9e's    
life1 h[ev] mu* ( ,paganism may h alloy$
 8 ,*ri/ianity hi!rto1 :5 ! end came !re
 0 no m halt+ betwe5 two op9ions4 ,fail+
 heal? to "o :o 0 end[$ ) a s+ul>ly     
robu/ con/itution came z an unmi/akable 
sign ( ! approa*+ *ange4 ,! w>n+ 0 n lo/
 ^u him4 ,! increas$ f]v\r ( 8 devotions
 0 notic$ by all4 ,on "o occasion he    
sp5t a :ole night 9 ! *ur* pray+4       
,/range to say1 ?is zeal\s !ological    
disputant1 ?is =emo/ *ampion ( ! tru?1  
_h n hi!rto be5 baptis$4 ,he 0 n ev5 a  
cate*um54 ,b n[1 :5 he felt himself     

s9k+1 he eag]ly press$ t baptism might n
 be delay$4 ,?is wi% 0 grant$1 & ! rite 
0 adm9i/]$4 ,?is done1 he dev\tly       
express$ 8 ?anksgiv+s = ! m]cy v\*saf$  
to him1 & 8 read9ess to g at once on 8  
la/ heav5w>d j\rney4 ,he refus$ aga9 to 
assume ! ,imp]ial purple1 &1 s array$   
/ill 9 ! :ite robe ( 8 baptism1 he 0    
laid on 8 c\* to await ! end4  ,on !    
#bbnd ( ,may1 #ccg--;x 0 ,:it ,sunday1 !
 appropriate fe/ival ( ! newly          
baptis$--ab\t noon1 ! great ,emp]or     
brea!d 8 la/4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 ?ree   
sons--,con/ant9e1 ,con/antius1 &        
,con/ans4 ,! ?ree pr9ces 7 sc>cely seat$
 on ! ?rone1 :5 ! ,imp]ial family became
 aga9 ! sc5e ( a horrible trag$y z %ock+
 z t :i* _h left s d>k a /a9 on _!      
fa!r's life4 ,! soldi]s rose up &       
massacr$ n less ?an n9e pr9ces ( !      
blood--! bro!rs & nephews ( ! deceas$   
,emp]or4 ,ne>ly a c5tury lat] an        
untru/wor?y hi/orian gives curr5cy to a 
/ory t ,con/ant9e himself _h direct$ ^! 
massacres1 hav+ discov]$ t he _h be5    

poison$ by 8 bro!rs4 ,= ?is %ameful     
libel on !m & on him !re is absolutely  
no f\ndation4 ,all ! circum/ances are   
aga9/ x1 & x may safely be dismiss$ z a 
f\l calumny4 ,m speci\s is ! view t !   
new ,emp]or ,con/antius1 !n a "y man (  
tw5ty-"o1 0 implicat$ 9 ! massacre2 b x 
0 done1 if n by 8 direct ord]s1 at lea/ 
) 8 tacit connivance4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may 
be1 ! incid5t has a v direct be>+ on !  
subject ( ^! lectures4 ,9 ?is c>nage1   
besides ! ?ree ,emp]ors !mselves1 two   
*ildr5 alone escap$4 ,! o!r memb]s ( !  
,imp]ial family p]i%$ to a man4 ,!      
survivors 7 ! two sons ( "o (           
,con/ant9e's bro!rs1 ,julius            
,con/antius2 ,gallus1 a boy ( twelve or 
?irte52 & ,julian1 a *ild ( six or sev51
 ( :om we %all he> mu* h]eaft]4 ,_! fa!r
 & _! elde/ bro!r 7 among/ ! sla94  ,( !
 ?ree bro!rs :o divid$ ! empire (       
,con/ant9e we are conc]n$ only ) "o--!  
elde/1 ,con/ant9e1 & ! y\nge/1 ,con/ans1
 p]i%$ 9 two successive revolutions4 ,! 
middle & surviv+ bro!r1 ,con/antius1    

unit$ aga9 all ! dom9ions ( 8 fa!r "u 8 
sceptre4 ,he alone left 8 m>k on !      
hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he alone %ap$ !      
de/9ies & sway$ ! feel+s ( 8 relative1  
,julian4 ,x is wor? our :ile to =m a    
clos] acqua9tance ) ?is man1 :o 0 ! evil
 g5ius ( 8 c\s9 & w>d4 ,con/antius _h n 
inh]it$ ! t[]+ /r5g? & comm&+ mi5 ( 8   
fa!r4 ,he 0 "u ! av]age height1 ) a long
 body & %ort1 b[$ legs4 ,8 complexion 0 
v d>k1 8 hair smoo? & glossy4 ,he _h    
prom95t & ke5 eyes1 recall+ ! pi]c+     
glance :i* 8 fa!r ,con/ant9e _h ca/     
ar\nd on ! assembl$ ,bi%ops 9 !         
,c\ncil-hall ( ,nicaea1 & :i* nev] fail$
 to /rike awe into ! behold]s4 ,! crimes
 ( ,con/ant9e 7 ^? ( a /rong1 impulsive1
 half-b>b>\s nature4 ,! crimes (        
,con/antius 7 due to cold calculation & 
to indiff]5ce to ! commone/ claims (    
humanity4 ,he 0 cauti\s to excess1 sp>+ 
( 8 rew>ds1 & backw>d 9 8 confid5ces4   
,he 0 mean1 selfi%1 suspici\s almo/ to  
fanaticism1 %r9k+ f no cruelty :5 8 fe>s
 7 al>m$4 ,x is notic$ z *>act]i/ic ( ! 

man t :5 borne ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome on
 a triumphal *>iot he 0 se51 not)/&+ 8  
%ort /ature1 to b5d 8 head z he pass$ "u
 ea* ar*way4 ,yet he 0 n a man )\t      
r$eem+ virtues & "s real ability4 ,l 8  
fa!r1 he 0 temp]ate & j1 s t1 not)/&+ 8 
_m enemies1 sc&al itself 0 =c$ into     
sil5ce4 ,he c\ld be sp>+ ( re/ &        
prodigal ( lab\r :5 ! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate 
dem&$ x4 ,he 0 graci\s1 too1 9 8        
demean\r1 & ) _m--z ev5 8 c\s9 ,julian  
is oblig$ to confess--bore a reputation 
= clem5cy4 ,he su/a9$ ! hon\rs ( 8      
,imp]ial rank ) a dignity :i* nev] =got 
itself1 :ile he %[$ a contempt ( m]e    
vulg> popul>ity :i* ev5 unfri5dly       
critics describ$ z magnanim\s4 ,( 8     
disa/r\s influ5ce on ! religi\s s5tim5ts
 ( ,julian ,i %all h to speak h]eaft]4  
,= ! pres5t ,i conf9e myself to ! "p :i*
 he took 9 det]m9+ ! relative positions 
( ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism 9 ! empire4   
,unlike 8 fa!r ,con/antius1 he _h be5   
br\ght up a ,*ri/ian f 8 infancy4 ,8    
doctr9al views 7 v di/ort$1 8 moral     

conduct 0 (t5 a gross libel on !        
,gospel2 b :]e x 0 a "q betwe5 ,paganism
 & ,*ri/ianity ! sympa?ies ( ! ,emp]or 7
 ex]t$ :olly & undisguis$ly on ! side ( 
! latt]4 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 !re is less 
( hea!nism 9 ! public memorials & !     
(ficial acts ( ?is reign ?an 9 ! prec$+4
 ,! ,pagan emblems dim9i%2 ! ,pagan     
enactm5ts 9 ! ,/atute ,book are few]4 ,b
 /ill ,con/antius1 l ,con/ant9e1        
cont9ues to hold ! (fice ( supreme      
pontiff1 & ?is necess>ily leads to an   
(ficial complicity 9 ! rites &          
in/itutions ( ,paganism4 ,9 ?is capacity
 he issues edicts = ! s]vice ( hea!n    
sepulture1 = ! repair+ ( hea!n temples1 
= ! support ( hea!n prie/s4 ,:51 a qu>t]
 ( a c5tury lat]1 ! hea!n orator        
,symma*us plead$ ! cause ( expir+       
,paganism be=e ! ,emp]or ( 8 day1 he    
appeal$ to ! example ( ,con/antius1 :o1 
?\gh himself possess+ a diff]5t fai?1   
respect$ ! anci5t rites1 & provid$ = _! 
due ma9t5ance out ( ! public treasury4  
,b av>ice (t5 ov]-leap$ ! b\nds :i* !   

,imp]ial laws prescrib$4 ,! sacr$ "n ( !
 ,gospel 0 aga9 & aga9 pr(an$ dur+ ?is  
reign by spoliation & viol5ce1 j z "u   
our own ,tudor ,k+s ! cause ( re=mation 
0 sulli$ by ! selfi% rapacity ( !       
nobles4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,con/antius 0 beset )
 gre$y & unscrupul\s adv5tur]s2 & kn[+ !
 private sympa?ies ( ! ,emp]or1 !y w\ld 
n be sl[ to seize ! opportunities :]e   
any real or report$ sc&al ( ,paganism   
gave a h&le = int]f]5ce4 ,su*           
opportunities w\ld n be r>e4 ,?us       
,paganism held on1 /ill ma9ta9$ &       
protect$ by law1 b expos$ to occasional 
outrages f individual viol5ce1 :51 by a 
sudd5 cata/rophe1 x f\nd itself seat$   
once m on ! ?rone4  ,on ! #crd (        
,novemb]1 #cfa1 9 ! tw5ty-fif? ye> ( 8  
reign1 ,con/antius di$4 ,! ev5t 0       
altoge!r unexpect$2 he 0 /ill 9 ! prime 
( life1 only =ty-five ye>s ( age4       
,temp]ate habits & vigor\s outdoor      
ex]cises _h kept him 9 p]fect & unbrok5 
heal?2 b he 0 seiz$ ) a fev]1 & sank    
rapidly4 ,!re 0 only "t to s5d to       

,antio* = ! ,bi%op to adm9i/] t         
sacram5t1 :i* is orda9$ z !             
inauguration1 b :i*1 ) him1 z ) 8 fa!r1 
0 ! consummat+ act ( 8 ,*ri/ian         
pr(ession4 ,imm$iately aft] 8 baptism he
 expir$4 ,8 c\s9 ,julian1 ! only surviv+
 ,pr9ce ( ! h\se ( ,con/ant9e1 0 8      
unque/ion$ successor4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity1 
hav+ wield$ ! ,imp]ial sceptre = m ?an  
half a c5tury1 0 aga9 depos$4 ,( !      
education & ! apo/asy1 ( ! reign & "w ( 
! new ,emp]or1 ,i hope to speak to y 9  
my two conclud+ lectures4     ,,ii4#i   
,9 my lecture la/ ,tuesday ,i pass$ "u  
review ! two long reigns ( ,con/ant9e & 
,con/antius1 compris+ altoge!r a p]iod (
 fifty-five ye>s4 ,we 7 ?us br\ght to ! 
accession ( ,julian4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! *ange
 wr\ght 9 ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity &   
,paganism dur+ ?is p]iod8 ,mo/ p]sons1  
,i imag9e1 w\ld answ] )\t misgiv+ t     
,*ri/ianity _h be5 e/abli%$ on ! ru9s ( 
hea!nism4 ,?is answ]1 h[ev]1 w\ld be    
:olly inaccurate4 ,paganism 0 9 no s5se 
dise/abli%$1 & ,*ri/ianity 0 only 9 a v 

limit$ s5se e/abli%$4 ,paganism 0 /ill !
 (ficial religion ( ! empire4 ,:atev]   
might be ! individual fai? ( ! sov]eign1
 yet1 z ! head ( ! ,/ate1 he 0 /ill !   
*ief repres5tative ( hea!nism1 bo? 9    
life & 9 dea?4 ,9 life he 0 ! supreme   
pontiff1 ! f\nta9 head ( au?ority ov]   
all ! prie/s1 temples1 rituals1 ?r\gh\t 
! empire2 9 dea? ! repres5tation 0      
trans=m$ f e>? to heav54 ,by 8 apo!osis 
he became a patron div9ity ( ,rome4 ,a  
pagan cal5d> is /ill extant 9 :i* all ! 
fe/ivals ( ! deifi$ ,con/ant9e are duly 
record$4 ,n[ !re 0 n & !re c\ld n be any
 su* alliance ) ! ,/ate on ! "p (       
,*ri/ianity4 ,h[ev] /rong might be !    
,emp]or's p]sonal sympa?ies2 h[ev] mu*  
he might mix himself up 9 ! int]nal     
affairs ( ! ,*ur*2 :atev] privileges or 
immunities he might ext5d to !          
cl]gy1--yet (ficially he _h no recognis$
 position1 (ficially he 0 a ,pagan /ill4
 ,:51 !re=e1 x is said t ,paganism 0    
dise/abli%$ & ,*ri/ianity e/abli%$ 9 its
 /ead1 ! position ( affairs is entirely 

misconceiv$4 ,! p]sonal religion ( !    
sov]eign _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! (ficial
 religion ( ! ,/ate4 ,9 mod]n c\ntries1 
= ! mo/ "p1 ! two co9cide1 & x is well t
 ?is %\ld be s2 b !re are "s exceptions4
 ,engl& "u ,james ,,ii41 & ,saxony at ! 
pres5t mom5t1 are cases 9 po9t4  ,b :ile
 ,paganism 0 9 no s5se dise/abli%$1     
,*ri/ianity might be said to a c]ta9    
ext5t1 ?\gh only to a v limit$ ext5t1 to
 h be5 e/abli%$ side by side ) x4 ,!    
pr9ciple :i* 9 our own day has be5 call$
 levell+ up1 _h be5 p>tially adopt$4    
,*ri/ianity 0 n only tol]at$ z a lawful 
religion1 b "s political privileges _h  
be5 ext5d$ to x4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 "o    
enactm5t ( ,con/ant9e exempts ! ,*ri/ian
 cl]gy f c]ta9 on]\s duties1 :ile ano!r 
secures to ! ,pagan prie/s ?is same     
privilege4 ,9 ?is respect ! two         
religions are put on exactly ! same     
foot+4 ,"h is a case1 if n ( concurr5t  
end[m5t1 at lea/ ( concurr5t immunity1  
:i* comes to ! same ?+4  ,! fact is1 t  
bo? ,*ri/ian & hea!n writ]s 7 int]e/$ 9 

repres5t+ ! *ange effect$ by ! e>ly     
,*ri/ian emp]ors z m complete ?an x 04  
,to ! ,*ri/ian writ] x 0 a po9t ( hon\r 
to cle> !m f any /a9 ( complicity )     
,paganism4 ,to ! hea!n writ]1 wise aft] 
! ev5t1 ! memory ( ^? pr9ces 0 naturally
 odi\s1 & to exagg]ate _! ho/ility to ! 
gods 0 to deep5 ! /a9 on _! *>act]s4 ,b 
we h =tunately o!r witnesses q free f   
suspicion4 ,! co9s1 & ! inscriptions1 & 
! decrees1 tell a v diff]5t tale4 ,!y %[
 t 9 all ess5tial respects ,paganism1 at
 lea/ 9 ! ,we/1 0 z free to develop     
itself z be=e4 ,!y reveal to u temples  
built1 prie/hoods e/abli%$1 sacrifices  
(f]$1 z hi!rto2 !y exhibit ! "n ( !     
,emp]or connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,jupit] ! 
,pres]v]1 ( ,m>s ! ,*ampion1 ( ,h]cules 
! ,conqu]or1 ( ,sol ! ,inv9cible4       
,h]cules is /ill ! pres]v] ( ,caes>1 &  
,sol is /ill ! companion ( ,augu/us4 ,!y
 %[ t ! wor%ip ( ! ,lydian ,cybele /ill 
fl\ri%$ on ! hill ,vatican1 & ! wor%ip (
 ! ,p]sian ,mi?ras 0 /ill ma9ta9$ 9 !   
vaults ( ! ,capitol4 ,all ?is x is      

necess>y to be> 9 m9d if we w\ld und]/& 
! true position ( ,julian4 ,x is q a    
mi/ake to suppose t he _h to beg9 de    
novo1 & to re-e/abli% ,paganism4 ,x /ill
 held ! political vantage gr\nd1 h[ev]  
mu* x _h lo/ 9 social pre/ige2 & if x _h
 _h any inh]5t vitality at all1 its "w (
 re/oration c\ld h be5 z successful z 9 
fact x prov$ futile4  ,:at1 !n1 0 ! real
 nature ( ! injury :i* ?is half-c5tury (
 ,*ri/ian supremacy 9 ! p]son ( !       
sov]eign _h inflict$ on ,paganism8 ,fir/
 ( all1 ! ,imp]ial legislation1 :ile x  
protect$ & ev5 fo/]$ ! c5tral           
in/itutions ( ,paganism1 zeal\sly       
assail$ "s outly+ works4 ,on two po9ts  
especially x 0 uncompromis+4 ,x         
rigor\sly proscrib$ div9ation1 & /]nly  
repress$ c]ta9 special rites accompani$ 
by lic5ti\s orgies4 ,9 nei!r respect1   
h[ev]1 did x g beyond :at dur+ !        
,republic & "u ! e>ly emp]ors _h aga9 & 
aga9 be5 held necess>y to secure !      
safety ( ! city & ! morals ( ! p4 ,b    
h[ev] ju/ifiable1 accord+ to hea!n      

prec$5ts1 ?is legislation ( ! e>ly      
,*ri/ian emp]ors _h prov$ a fatal bl[ to
 hea!ndom1 = x 0 j "h t ! ard\r ( popul>
 religion _h consecrat$ itself4 ,!      
pati5t en]gy1 ! sugge/ive my/icism1 ev5 
! immoral orgies ( ! ,ori5tal religions1
 _h be5 f\nd to h an irresi/ible        
attraction1 & ! anci5t rites ( ,greece &
 ,rome1 :i* seem$ cold & passionless by 
_! side1 7 des]t$ = ^! new fav\rites4   
,!y 71 x 0 true1 only ! buttresses ( !  
old poly!ism4 ,! orig9al /ructure (     
,roman & ,hell5ic wor%ip 0 unt\*$2 b :5 
! ma9 build+ 0 crumbl+ ) age ! removal (
 ^! anci5t supports :i* _h %or$ x up 0  
fatal1 & x fell by its own weight4  ,b1 
secondly1 ! erection ( a new capital 0 a
 n less deadly bl[ to ,paganism4 ,rome 0
 ! c5tral =tress ( hea!ndom3 to )draw f 
x ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t 0 to deprive x ( 
its ammunition4 ,aft] ! build+ (        
,con/ant9ople1 ,rome /ill rema9$ ! =mal 
(ficial capital ( ! empire2 b1          
practically1 its influ5ce 0 gone4 ,x no 
long] guid$ delib]ation2 x simply       

record$ results4 ,& n only 0 ,paganism  
mat]ially weak5$ by ?is transf]5ce1 b at
 ! same "t ,*ri/ianity 0 deliv]$ f its  
fett]s4 ,con/ant9ople 0 a ,*ri/ian city 
f ! beg9n+4 ,paganism _h "h no          
prescriptive claim & no "t-hon\r$       
pre/ige4 ,s long z ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t 
rema9$ at ,rome1 x f\nd itself          
inextricably entangl$ 9 ,paganism4      
,con/ant9e _h felt its m]ciless /r5g?1 &
 ! f\ndation ( a new capital 0 8 escape 
f x4  ,yet1 aft] all1 su* weapons z ^!  
w\ld h be5 q ineffective1 if ,paganism  
_h possess$ any inh]5t vitality4 ,! grip
 ( dea? 0 already ^u x be=e ! arm ( p[] 
0 rais$ aga9/ x4 ,x 0 z :51 aft] long   
c5turies1 ! tomb ( "s anci5t k+ is laid 
op51 ! /ately =m1 & ! maje/ic features1 
& ! royal robes are expos$ to our view4 
,= ! mom5t he seems to be liv+ /ill z he
 liv$ 9 hi/ory2 b we look aga91 & we see
 only a h&ful ( du/4 ,seal$ 9 its       
sepul*re1 ! corpse might h pres]v$ its  
outw>d =m = ages /ill2 b ! air & ! light
 7 p\r$ 9 ^u x1 & all at once x crumbles

 away4 ,paganism 0 confront$ )          
,*ri/ianity1 & x vani%$4  ,! infancy (  
,julian _h be5 dabbl$ 9 blood4 ,8 e>lie/
 recollections w\ld c>ry him back to !  
"t :5 fa!rs1 bro!rs1 uncles1 c\s9s1 all 
_h fall5 9 "o indiscrim9ate massacre4 ,f
 ?is c>nage he & 8 bro!r ,gallus alone  
_h escap$2 he himself1 s he believ$1    
because he 0 too "y to be fe>$1 & 8     
bro!r because he 0 !n a sickly boy1 &   
seem$ n to h long to live4 ,! odium (   
?is f\l crime1 :e!r ju/ly or unju/ly1   
re/$ on 8 c\s91 ! ,emp]or ,con/antius4  
,if ,con/antius _h n directly ord]$ x1  
he 0 ?\ght to h conniv$ at x4 ,c]ta9ly  
he _h be5 on ! spot1 &1 :e!r = want (   
p[] or = want ( w1 he _h n prev5t$ x4 ,!
 c\rti]s & att5dants attempt$ to        
palliate 8 c\s9's guilt to ! *ild       
,julian4 ,!y repres5t$ to him t         
,con/antius _h be5 deceiv$2 t he 0      
unable to re/ra9 ! savage outbreak ( !  
soldi]s2 t he suff]$ fe>ful pangs (     
remorse2 t he attribut$ to ?is crime all
 ! mis=tunes ( 8 aft] life4 ,x seems    

pla9 f ?is acc\nt t ! spectre ( ?is     
gha/ly massacre haunt$ ,julian's *ildi% 
memory4 ,he c\ld n b feel t ! b>e sword 
0 hang+ ov] 8 own neck4  ,julian 0 left 
an orphan be=e he 0 sev5 ye>s old4 ,8 "m
 _h di$ a few mon?s aft] 8 bir?4 ,8 fa!r
 _h p]i%$1 z we h se54 ,= "s ye>s aft] !
 massacre1 he appe>s to h resid$ at     
,con/ant9ople4 ,( 8 bro!r ,gallus we he>
 no?+ dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,julian himself 0 
plac$ "u ! *>ge ( an old family         
s]vant--a ,scy?ian1 ,m>donius by "n1 a  
/rict & p$antic discipl9>ian1 b also a  
man ( culture1 z ! sequel %[s4 ,m>donius
 taught 8 pupil to keep 8 eyes fix$ on !
 gr\nd z he took 8 walks4 ,he l$ him    
always to & fro to s*ool by ! same way1 
kn[+ no o!r himself1 & prev5t+ ! lad f  
discov]+ any o!r4 ,he /rictly prohibit$ 
him f go+ to ! !atre or ! circus1 &     
altoge!r fill$ 8 m9d ) a di/a/e = !     
popul> amusem5ts ( 8 age4 ,we he> no?+ (
 companion%ip1 no?+ ( outdoor ex]cise1  
no?+ ( ! *e]fulness & ! sympa?y :i* are 
equally necess>y ) ! moral discipl9e & !

 intellectual tra9+ = ! prop] expansion 
( *ild's faculties4 ,julian 0 n l o!r   
*ildr54 ,:atev] may h be5 8 natural     
disposition1 8 education _h nev] all[$  
him to be a boy4 ,human nature1 m       
especially *ildi% nature1 mu/ seek      
relief some:]e f h>d conv5tional        
re/ra9ts4 ,:]e all ! usual outlets are  
clos$1 ! buoyancy & ! en?usiasm ( ! *ild
 w devise "s means ( escape4 ,! p>adise 
( ,julian's *ildi% exi/5ce 0 made up (  
two ?+s4 ,fir/1 8 tutor ,m>donius 0 an  
en?usia/ic admir] ( ,hom]4 ,if he       
prev5t$ him f play+ 9 ! field he took   
him to ! leafy isl&s ( ,calypso1 to !   
,cave ( ,circe & ! ,g>d5s ( ,alc9\s4 ,) 
a less intellig5t *ild ?is might h br$ a
 feel+ ( disgu/2 b ,julian 0 quick1     
imag9ative1 absorb+1 & "h 0 field = 8   
s5sibility4 ,&1 aga91 ?\gh 8 walks might
 be conf9$ to "o city1 & to "o /reet 9 t
 city1 yet no b\nds c\ld %ut out !      
glories ( ! heav5s above4 ,we h         
,julian's own au?ority = say+ t 8 *ildi%
 imag9ation 0 pr(\ndly impress$ by _!   

contemplation4 ,f my e>lie/ days1 he    
wrote long aft]w>ds1 a /range ye>n+ aft]
 ! rays ( ! ,god1 ! ,sun ,god1 sunk into
 my s\l2 & ?us f ! "t ,i 0 q a little   
*ild1 :5 ,i look$ at ! light ( heav51 ,i
 0 beside myself ) ec/asy1 s t n only   
w\ld ,i look eag]ly & fix$ly on ! sun1 b
 at night also1 :5 !re 0 a cl\dless &   
cle> sky1 ,i gave up ev]y?+ at once1 & 0
 rivett$ by ! beauties ( ! heav5s1 no   
long] und]/&+ any?+ t any "o spoke to   
me1 nor giv+ he$ to myself :at ,i 0 do+4
 ,^!1 !n1 7 ! two bright spots :i*      
reliev$ ! gloom ( 8 *ildi% life--!      
lit]ature ( ,greece & ! contemplation ( 
! heav5s4 ,h[ l>ge an influ5ce ^! e>ly  
memories _h on 8 lat] apo/asy1 x w n be 
difficult to imag9e4  ,?is w5t on = "s  
ye>s ) slight int]ruptions1 & !n !re 0 a
 complete *ange4 ,x 0 app>5tly ab\t !   
ye> #cdd1 :5 ,julian w\ld be ?irte5 or  
f\rte5 ye>s old1 & ,gallus eighte5 or   
n9ete51 t1 by ! ,emp]or's ord]s1 ! two  
bro!rs 7 c>ri$ away to ,macellum1 an    
imp]ial ca/le 9 ! m\nta9 di/ricts (     

,cappadocia4 ,!re !y sp5t ! next six    
ye>s ( life 9 /rict retirem5t4 ,:at may 
h be5 ! reason ( ?is *ange we are n     
told1 b we c easily suspect4 ,gallus 0  
n[ gr[+ up to manhood4 ,he 0 tall1 well 
made1 & h&some1 ) fl[+ auburn hair2 n   
unlike 8 uncle1 ! great ,con/ant9e1 z we
 may inf] f ! description ( ! two m54 ,!
 suspici\s temp] ( ,con/antius might    
take al>m le/ ?is "y man %\ld become !  
c5tre ( disaffection & treason4 ,b1     
h[ev] ?is may be1 ! seclusion 0         
complete4 ,julian speaks ( x z bani%m5t4
 ,to himself x 0 ! wor/ k9d ( bani%m5t4 
,he 0 bani%$ n only f ! city & ! c\rt1  
ab\t :i* probably he knew little & c>$  
less1 b he 0 bani%$ also f 8 books & 8  
tea*]s4 ,! two bro!rs saw no "o ( _! own
 rank2 _! dome/ics 7 _! only associates4
 ,gallus 0 no companion = ,julian4 ,he  
_h no lit]>y ta/e2 not)/&+ 8 h&some     
looks he 0 co>se & viol5t1 ev5 f]oci\sly
 brutal1 9 8 disposition1 z ! sequel    
%[s4 ,! treatm5t ( ,julian dur+ ?is     
critical p]iod ( 8 life mu/ h be5       

altoge!r injuri\s to ! heal?y developm5t
 ( 8 "*4 ,a cramp$ boyhood almo/ c]ta9ly
 produces a "o-sid$ manhood4  ,at l5g?1 
aft] six ye>s ( seclusion1 ! bro!rs 7   
aga9 set free4 ,:at 0 ! motive (        
,con/antius--:e!r he consid]$ t !y _h   
be5 suffici5tly re/ra9$1 or :e!r "s     
consci5ti\s scruples f\nd _! way into 8 
he>t--we _c say4 ,gallus & ,julian 7    
summon$ to ,con/ant9ople4 ,soon aft] ?is
 a =midable insurrection broke out 9 !  
,we/1 & ,con/antius f\nd x necess>y to  
associate "s "o ) him 9 ! c>es ( !      
empire4 ,accord+ly ,gallus1 !n          
tw5ty-five ye>s old1 0 nom9at$ ,caes>1 &
 appo9t$ to ! comm& ( ! ,ea/4 ,!        
appo9tm5t 0 mo/ disa/r\s4 ,n[ t he 0    
free f control1 ! innate f]ocity ( 8    
disposition reveal$ itself4 ,he has be5 
comp>$1 & ! comp>ison does him no       
inju/ice1 to a blood?ir/y tig]1 :o has  
brok5 ?r\gh ! b>s ( 8 cage1 &1 enrag$ by
 long conf9em5t1 fi]cely attacks e "o :o
 comes 9 8 way4 ,compla9ts ( 8 savage1  
turbul5t adm9i/ration came ?ick ^u ! e>s

 ( ,con/antius4 ,!re 7 also rum\rs ( a  
disloyal conspiracy on ! "p ( ! new     
,caes>4 ,con/antius might1 p]haps1 h    
=giv5 ! misgov]nm5t2 b ! treason c\ld n 
be ov]look$4 ,gallus 0 recall$1 /ripp$ (
 ! purple1 & put to dea? )\t a he>+4    
,con/antius _h dy$ 8 h& once m 9 ! blood
 ( ,julian's k9dr$4 ,julian 0 left alone
 9 ! _w1 confront$ by ! tyrant4 ,?is    
happ5$ 9 ! ye> #ced4  ,b :ile ! cag$    
passions ( ,gallus _h s\ght comp5sation 
9 ?is savage outbreak1 ! cag$ intellect 
( ,julian 0 runn+ riot 9 its own way4 ,=
 a "t he seems to h enjoy$ comp>ative   
fre$om4 ,at ,con/ant9ople1 at ,nicom$ia1
 at ,p]gamos1 at ,ephesus1 we he> ( 8   
att5dance on philosoph]s1 on            
rhetoricians1 on tea*]s ( all k9ds4 ,!  
jeal\sy ( ,con/antius c\ld look )       
complac5cy on 8 philosophical & lit]>y  
ard\r4 ,an unga9ly1 en?usia/ic1         
unpractical s*ol> 0 ! la/ man :om he ne$
 fe> z a rival4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod (   
turbul5t1 en]getic1 unreflect+1         
intellectual activity t ! *ange came ^u 

him4 ,:atev] might h be5 ! religi\s     
feel+s ( 8 boyhood1 x 0 only n[ t       
,paganism ass]t$ its p[] ov] 8 m9d4 ,!  
incid5t t decid$ 8 apo/asy is em95tly   
*>act]i/ic ( ! man & ( ! p]iod4 ,x      
happ5$ 9 ! ye> #cea1 ! same ye> z t 9   
:i* ,gallus 0 inve/$ ) ! purple1 :5     
,julian himself 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,9 !
 c\rse ( conv]sation "o ( 8 tea*]s      
happ5$ to speak ( ,maximus1 a fam\s     
philosoph]1 :om he describ$ z possess+  
great natural gifts1 & z accompany+ 8   
tea*+ by demon/rations4 ,julian's       
curiosity 0 excit$4 ,he dem&$ an        
explanation4 ,he 0 told t on "o occasion
 ,maximus1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! speak] &     
o!rs1 _h burnt a gra9 ( inc5se 9 !      
temple ( ,hecate & *ant$ "s my/]i\s     
hymn1 :5 sudd5ly !y saw ! /atue ( !     
goddess smile ^u him4 ,on _! express+   
surprise1 he told !m t !y %\ld see a    
great] m>vel ?an ?is--! tor*es 9 ! h&s (
 ! goddess %\ld bur/ out into flames (  
_! own accord4 ,he _h sc>cely said ! ^w 
:5 ! lights bur/ out f ! tor*es4 ,/ay ) 

y\r books1 said ,julian1 & ,i wi% y joy 
( !m2 ,i h f\nd ! man ,i h be5 seek+ =4 
,he s\ght out ,maximus1 & 0 initiat$ 9 8
 philosophy & 8 magic4  ,?is grotesque &
 unnatural comb9ation 01 z ,i h said1   
*>act]i/ic ( ! man & ( ! age4 ,9 e>li]  
times philosophy & popul> sup]/ition 7  
deadly foes1 b 9 face ( ,*ri/ianity bo? 
! "o & ! o!r _h le>nt _! weakness1 & ?is
 unequal alliance 0 pat*$ up4 ,! new    
,platoni/ philosophy adopt$ n only !    
my?ology ( ,greece & ,rome1 b !         
nature-wor%ip & ! magic ( ! ,ea/4 ,a    
true !ology mu/ appeal at once to !     
intellect :i* dem&s a reason = its      
allegiance1 & to ! religi\s in/9ct :i*  
is consci\s ( dep5d5ce on a high] p[]4  
,*ri/ianity recognises bo? ^! claims4   
,greek philosophy appeal$ to ! "o       
faculty2 ,pagan religion to ! o!r4 ,?us 
divid$ !y c\ld d no?+1 ?\gh ! alliance 0
 =m$4 ,x 0 well conceiv$1 b x 0         
impossible1 because x 0 a fundam5tal    
violation ( tru?4 ,julian1 ! *ampion (  
hea!ndom1 advanc$ to slay ,*ri/ianity ) 

philosophy 9 8 "r h& & sup]/ition 9 8   
left1 & bo? weapons %iv]$ 9 8 grasp4    
,julian 0 a ,pagan n[1 b he c>efully    
conceal$ ! *ange4 ,dur+ ! next t5 ye>s1 
until ! dea? ( ,con/antius1 ?is cloak ( 
dissimulation 0 nev] ?r[n aside4 ,!     
imm$iate outw>d effect ( 8 conduct 0 a  
/rict] att5tion to ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 
,! old fable1 said 8 hea!n fri5d        
,libanius aft]w>ds1 0 "h rev]s$1 & !    
lion 0 clo!d 9 ! ass's sk94 ,only "o or 
two mo/ intimate fri5ds 7 9 ! secret1 b 
x 0 m widely suspect$4 ,ard5t ,pagans   
began to look to him z ! future re/or] (
 ,paganism2 old prophecies 7 b&$ ab\t t 
,*ri/ianity 0 soon to come to an end4   
,"o su* oracle fix$ ! limit ( #cfe ye>s 
= ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/4 ,! t]m 0 fa/ draw+  
to a close4 ,i %all n und]take ! task ( 
arraign+ ,julian z be=e ! b> ( ! ,et]nal
 ,righte\sness4 ,all su* attempts to    
anticipate ! v]dict ( ! ,great ,judge   
mu/ be z va9 z !y are presumptu\s2 b x  
is due to ! nobl] features ( 8 "*--& ^! 
7 nei!r few nor insignificant--to dwell 

on ! ext5uat+ circum/ances ( 8 case4 ,& 
surely no man's education 0 m faulty1 or
 m likely to produce a disa/r\s         
revulsion4 ,*ri/ianity 0 associat$ 9 8  
memory ) ev]y?+ t 0 gloomy1 t]rible1    
repulsive4 ,its *ampion1 9 8 eyes1 0 8  
mo/ deadly enemy1 ,con/antius1 :o _h %$ 
! blood ( 8 ne>e/ k9sm51 & :o 0 ready at
 any mom5t to %$ 8 own blood :5 !       
occasion might dem&4 ,writ+ ( himself at
 a lat] date 9 apa!tic allegory1 he     
describes himself z a y\? :o1 look+ back
 ^u ! mass ( evil t _h befall5 him f 8  
own k9sm5 & c\s9s1 0 s a/\nd$ t he      
resolv$ to ?r[ himself d[n to ,t>t>us1 b
 0 rescu$ by ,helios1 ! ,sun ,god4 ,?is 
?r[s a flood ( light on ! p]sonal       
influ5ces :i* col\r$ 8 views (          
,*ri/ianity1 & f9ally l$ to 8 apo/asy4  
,moreov]1 ! =m ( ,*ri/ianity :i* 0      
pres5t$ to him 0 n calculat$ to impress 
him deeply or fav\rably4 ,! coldness (  
asceticism w\ld take no firm hold ( 8   
ard5t & en?usia/ic nature4 ,its         
repres5tatives1 ! ,arian bi%ops1 w\ld n 

recomm5d ! cause2 ! exce$+ bitt]ness (  
!ologic controv]sy call$ d[n 8 contempt1
 & ! sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = ! bones ( !   
m>tyrs ar\s$ 8 disgu/4 ,9 ! allegory to 
:i* ,i h already allud$ he speaks (     
himself z a *ild cov]$ ) fil? & dirt1 on
 :om ! ,sun ,god at l5g? took pity4     
,:atev] rays ( light _h bur/ ! gloom ( 8
 e>li] life 7 associat$ ) ! glories (   
nature4  ,:ile ?is /range revel (       
philosophy & fanaticism 0 go+ on 9 8    
m9d1 ,julian visit$ ,a!ns--,a!ns at once
 ! home ( ,greek lit]ature & ! sanctu>y 
( ,pagan idolatry4 ,no place m cong5ial 
to 8 temp] c\ld h be5 *os5 ?an ?is4 ,"h 
x 0 t he fell 9 ) two dev\t ,*ri/ian    
/ud5ts1 ,gregory & ,basil--names de/9$  
h]eaft] to be fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( !      
,*ur*4 ,gregory has left a description (
 ! future emp]or z he appe>$ at ?is     
"t--a speak+ lik5ess we _c d\bt4 ,!     
convulsive movem5ts ( ! %\ld]1 !        
half-sc>$1 half-fr5zi$ glance ( ! eye1 !
 grotesque contortions ( ! face1 !      
tumultu\s1 hesitat+ spee*1 ! l\d1       

immod]ate laught]1 ! re/lessness ( !    
:ole man f head to foot1 seem$ to       
,gregory to bode no good4 ,mu* ( ?is 0  
natural to ,julian1 b mu*1 also1 may h  
be5 due to ! consci\sness ( ! secret    
see?+ )9 8 s\l4 ,we "k :at ,gregory did 
n "k--t ,julian 0 a ,pagan already :5 he
 0 discuss+ ,*ri/ian topics ) ,*ri/ian  
/ud5ts4  ,b ,julian's /udies 7 rudely   
int]rupt$4 ,con/antius aga9 f\nd ! burd5
 ( ! empire too heavy = 8 %\ld]s1 & aga9
 he resolv$ to divide x4 ,julian1 v     
reluctantly on 8 "p1 0 appo9t$ ,caes>1 &
 *>g$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( ,gaul4 ,he 0 n[
 tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,! c\rti]s (    
,con/antius laugh$ at ! new ,caes>1 &   
c]ta9ly ! appo9tm5t did n give any fair 
promise ( success4 ,b ?is en?usia/ic    
philosoph]1 ?is /ud5t recluse1 soon %[$ 
t he _h 9 him ! mak+ n only ( an able   
rul]1 b also ( a consummate g5]al4 ,9   
va9 ! flatt]]s ( ,con/antius ridicul$   
,julian's petty triumphs1 z !y 7 pleas$ 
to call !m2 9 va9 !y dubb$ him a        
scribbl+ ,greek4 ,campaign aft] campaign

 add$ to 8 reputation4 ,8 adm9i/ration (
 ,gaul 0 unmi/akably brilliant4 ,s      
matt]s w5t on = five ye>s1 till !       
jeal\sy ( ,con/antius br\ght ab\t a     
crisis4 ,an ill-judg$ attempt to )draw  
,julian's be/ ,gauli% troops produc$ a  
mut9y2 ! soldi]s proclaim$ him emp]or1 &
 he accept$ ! title4 ,hav+ assum$ !     
imp]ial purple1 he m>*$ to =ce 8        
recognition on ,con/antius2 b he 0 sav$ 
! p]il ( an appeal to arms4 ,fev]       
anticipat$ ! conflict1 & c>ri$ (f       
,con/antius opportunely4 ,julian 0 n[   
absolute emp]or1 ma/] ( himself & ma/] (
 ! _w4 ,he c\ld ?r[ (f ! mask at l5g?2  
he 0 free to c>ry out 8 long *]i%$      
design = ! re/oration ( ,paganism4 ,)   
:at en]gy1 ) :at devotion1 ) :at        
fanaticism1 ) :at futility he work$ =   
?is end x w be my bus9ess 9 my next &   
conclud+ lecture to describe4           
,,iii4#aj   ,! hi/ory ( ,julian has be5 
employ$ z an apologue by m ?an "o writ] 
:5 satiris+ "s religi\s reaction ( 8    
day4 ,a well-kn[n liv+ !ological critic 

( ,g]many uses x z a cloak = an attack  
on ! late ,k+ ( ,prussia1 & ,engli%     
cl]gym5 "u ! reign ( ,james ,,ii41      
assail+ ! religi\s t5d5cies ( ! ,k+1    
d5\nc$ him z ano!r ,julian ! ,apo/ate4  
,su* comp>isons may s]ve _! imm$iate    
purpose1 b !y are almo/ always mislead+1
 & may be v unju/4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t we  
may1 ) advantage1 comp>e ?is ,pagan     
reaction 9 ! ,roman empire "u ,julian ) 
! ,papal reaction 9 ,engl& "u ,m>y4 ,!  
two sov]eigns1 inde$1 h little 9 common 
except _! manife/ s9c]ity1 b ! g5]al    
relations & ! ultimate effects ( ! two  
movem5ts are n s v dissimil>4 ,!y bo?   
int]pos$ aft] a v decid$ pr$om9ance ( ! 
opposite cause2 !y bo? 7 a return to !  
=ms ( ! pa/2 !y bo? involv$ a rev]sal ( 
! traditional policy ( ! reign+ h\se2 !y
 bo? 7 %ort 9 duration1 b resolute1     
uncompromis+1 en]getic 9 action2 & !y   
bo? prov$ utt]ly futile 9 ! result1     
because !y 7 unsupport$ by any deep     
feel+ 9 ! mass ( ! p4 ,s f> z !y produc$
 any effects at all1 !y s]v$ only to    

n]ve ! en]gies & reassure ! confid5ce ( 
_! antagoni/s4  ,julian 0 n[ ?irty ye>s 
old :5 ! dea? ( ,con/antius left him    
sole ma/] ( ! ,roman empire4 ,9 /ature  
he 0 r bel[ ! av]age height2 8 frame 0  
muscul> & /rong2 8 %\ld]s 7 unusually   
broad2 8 neck 0 ?ick & ar*$2 he _h a    
bright & pi]c+ eye--! family *>act]i/ic 
:i* 0 s rem>kable 9 8 uncle ,con/ant9e2 
! upp] "p ( 8 face1 ! br[1 & ! nose 7   
f9e & well *isell$2 8 m\? 0 too l>ge1 & 
8 l[] lip hung disagreeably4 ,he wore a 
r\gh1 po9t$ be>d1 ! usual app5dage (    
philosoph]s4 ,( 8 p]sonal appe>ance he 0
 /udi\sly c>eless4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem z 
?\gh ! c\rtly dignity & scrupul\s       
neatness ( 8 c\s9 ,con/antius _h produc$
 a revulsion 9 him4 ,he o/5tati\sly     
vaunts 8 unpoli%$ mann] & 8 slov5ly     
habits4 ,he 0 signally undignifi$ 9 all 
8 ge/ures4 ,( 8 excitability & 8        
re/lessness ( mann] ,i h already spok54 
,he 0 a hurri$1 reckless talk]4 ,8      
tongue1 we are told1 0 nev] at re/4 ,8  
en]gy 0 enorm\s4 ,dur+ 8 adm9i/ration ( 

,gaul1 :5 8 days _h be5 sp5t 9 !        
anxieties ( gov]nm5t or 9 ! toils ( w>1 
he w\ld sit up half ! night /udy+ or    
writ+4 ,:5 he became ,emp]or 8 en]gy    
seem$ only to increase4 ,! great purpose
 ( 8 life1 ! re/oration & re=m (        
,paganism1 0 n[ def9itely be=e him1 & he
 work$ at x ) a det]m9ation :i* nev]    
slack5$4 ,into a %ort reign ( eighte5   
mon?s he cr[d$ an am\nt ( "w :i*        
probably no sov]eign has ev] surpass$4  
,he _h on 8 %\ld]s ! undivid$ weight ( a
 great empire2 he 0 prep>+ = a difficult
 & dang]\s campaign2 he 0 busi$ ) !     
hopeless task ( re/or+ an effete        
religion2 he 0 writ+ hi!r & ?i!r to !   
repres5tatives ( hea!ndom1 scold+1      
/imulat+1 enc\rag+2 & yet he f\nd "t = a
 va/ am\nt ( lit]>y "w besides4 ,he     
correspond$ ) rhetoricians &            
philosoph]s2 he compos$ orations & hymns
 9 praise ( hea!n deities2 he wrote a   
l5g?y & elaborate attack on ! ,*ri/ian  
religion1 & ?rew (f light squibs on 8   
contempor>ies & on 8 pr$ecessors4 ,if 8 

"o fatal act ( apo/asy _h n p]v]t$ &    
spoil$ ev]y?+1 he might h rank$ among ! 
greate/ ( pr9ces4 ,z x 01 he has no     
claim to ! title ( greatness4 ,he did   
no?+ :i* has liv$1 because he did no?+  
:i* des]v$ to live4 ,he left no?+1      
absolutely no?+1 beh9d :i* has t5d$ to  
make mank9d happi]1 or bett]1 or wis]4  
,julian1 if 8 own acc\nt may be believ$1
 assum$ ! imp]ial diadem ) ! greate/    
reluctance2 x 0 =c$ ^u him by ! soldi]s 
be=e he knew :]e he 02 & yet !re is     
reason to believe t 8 coyness 0 9 great 
measure affect$4 ,x is q cle> t he 0    
already possess$ ( ! idea ( a ,pagan    
re/oration1 & t he consid]$ himself z   
hav+ a special call f 8 gods = ?is "w4  
,! ,g5ius ( ,rome1 we are told1 appe>$  
to him 9 a vision4 ,he reproa*$ !       
reluctant ,caes> ) hav+ s (t5 driv5 him 
f 8 doors1 & ?reat5$ to dep>t = ev] if  
he 7 exclud$ ?is "t4 ,?us w>n$1 ,julian 
respond$ to ! call2 b he /ill cont9u$ to
 dissemble4 ,we read ( 8 pray+ to       
,m]cury1 ( 8 receiv+ admonitions f      

,jupit]2 we are told ( 8 consult+       
auspices & us+ div9ation 9 private2 &   
yet on ! fe/ival ( ! ,epiphany1 _m mon?s
 aft] he _h be5 proclaim$ ,emp]or1 we   
f9d him ent]+ a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & !re   
solemnly (f]+ up 8 pray]s to ,almighty  
,god4 ,8 hea!n biograph] & admir]       
assigns z ! reason1 t he might secure ! 
allegiance ( 8 ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,!    
/range ?+ is t nei!r ,julian1 nor       
,julian's fri5ds1 seem$ to ?9k any      
apology ne$$ = ?is dissimulation4 ,mu*1 
inde$1 %\ld be =giv5 to "o :o1 f e>ly   
*ildhood1 _h be5 driv5 by ! cruelty ( 8 
lot to %ield himself "u an imp5etrable  
res]ve2 b x is h>d to und]/& ! moral    
bl9dness :i* fails to see t ?is flagrant
 violation ( tru? _h ne$ to sue =       
=giv5ess4 ,^? m>tyrs :om ,julian d]id$ &
 despis$ held x a glori\s ga9 to        
sacrifice life & all ?+s r ?an cons5t   
ev5 to a mom5t>y act :i* might be       
int]pret$ z a d5ial ( _! fai?4 ,i ne$ n 
ask :i* is ! l(ti] spectacle ( ! two4   
,b inde$ ,julian1 not)/&+ ! _m noble    

features 9 8 "*--8 ju/ice1 8 mod]ation1 
8 /rict temp]ance1 8 unsp>+ en]gy--0    
:olly want+ 9 ^? high] graces :i* are ! 
cr[n ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,he 0 egoti/ical 9
 ! extreme2 8 self-consci\sness r>ely1  
if ev]1 des]ts him2 he w let all ! _w "k
 t he is a model philosoph]2 he is      
always ?ank+ 8 gods t he is n z o!r m5  
are4 ,ev5 :5 he satirises himself 8     
irony is only a veil--a v ?9 veil1 :i* r
 sugge/s ?an conceals 8 self-complac5cy4
 ,he is always /&+ be=e ! mirror1 always
 solicit+ ! admiration ( mank9d4 ,( !   
*ildlike humility :i* is ! ma9 portal to
 ! k+dom ( heav51 he kn[s no?+4 ,& yet )
 all ?is dissimulation & all ?is act+ we
 %\ld d ! man a gross inju/ice if we    
imag9$ t he 0 ins9c]e4 ,( 8 s9c]ity 9 ! 
"w :i* he und]took he gave e pro( :i* x 
is possible = a man to give4 ,he %[$    
himself ready to sp5d & be sp5t = x4    
,?is /range comb9ation ( ! en?usia/ & ! 
dissembl]1 ( ! fanatic & ! philosoph]1  
may be v difficult to realise2 b !re c  
be no d\bt t !y did unite 9 ! p]son (   

,julian4 ,9 ?is _s ,julian appli$       
himself to 8 task4  ,?is task 0         
two-fold4 ,he mu/ depress ,*ri/ianity1 &
 he mu/ reanimate & re=m ,paganism4 ,9 8
 relation to ,*ri/ianity he av[$ himself
 on pr9ciple fav\rable to absolute      
tol]ation4 ,i d n wi% ! ,galileans1 he  
wrote1 to be put to dea? or to be beat5 
unju/ly1 or to suff] any o!r wrong4 ,we 
ought r to pity ?an to hate ^? :o are   
un=tunate 9 matt]s ( ! greate/          
importance4 ,h[ f> ?is 0 ! g5u9e dictate
 ( 8 he>t1 & h[ f> x 0 sugge/$ by       
pr9ciples ( exp$i5cy1 we _c tell1 b at  
all ev5ts he c\ld n p]suade himself to  
apply 8 pr9ciple frankly4 ,he re/or$ a  
h]etic bi%op because 8 re/oration w\ld  
create divisions among ,*ri/ians1 &     
expell$ ! or?odox ,a?anasius because 8  
pres5ce 0 a t[] ( /r5g? to ! ,*ur*4 ,!  
lett]s ( ,julian on ?is occasion betray 
! weakness ( 8 position4 ,he has        
absolutely no?+ to allege aga9/         
,a?anasius except t he _h taught m5 to  
treat ! gods ) contempt1 & t he _h d>$  

to baptise ,greek ladies ( rank--9 o!r  
words1 t he 0 highly successful z a     
,*ri/ian mission>y4 ,hav+ no argum5t1 he
 desc5ds to abuse4 ,he scolds !         
,alex&rians t petition him to resc9d !  
decree ( bani%m5t3 he reviles ,a?anasius
 himself2 he calls him an impi\s villa91
 a vile ,mani*aean4 ,he responds to _!  
petition by expell+ him n f ,alex&ria   
only1 b f ! :ole ( ,egypt4 ,altoge!r !re
 is a m>k$ det]ioration 9 ,julian's "* f
 ! "t :5 he becomes 8 own ma/]4 ,he _h  
pla9ly suppos$ t he %\ld c>ry ev]y?+    
be=e him3 he _h imag9$ t he _h only to  
proclaim tol]ation1 & 8 subjects w\ld be
 z enam\r$ ( ,paganism z he himself 04  
,he 0 griev\sly disappo9t$4 ,he f\nd 9  
,*ri/ianity a /r5g?1 a vitality1 a      
resi/ance = :i* he 0 n prep>$4 ,he f\nd 
9 ,paganism a feebl5ess1 an             
irresolution1 an indiff]5ce1 an utt]    
abs5ce ( self-sacrifice1 :i* contra/$   
/rangely ) 8 own devot$ en?usiasm4  ,x  
is inf9itely tragical to contemplate 8  
gradually desc5d+ f ! high level on :i* 

he took 8 /& at fir/ to mean devices (  
all k9ds--m tragical ?an ?\gh he _h     
boldly tak5 up ! sword ( ! p]secutor at 
once4 ,he w\ld n des]t 8 pr9ciple (     
tol]ation2 he nev] ceas$ to enunciate t 
to ! la/2 b he w\ld connive at          
violations ( x4 ,pagan outrages on !    
,*ri/ians 7 condon$ or g5tly rebuk$4 ,:5
 assaults on _! life & _! prop]ty 7     
report$ to him1 he w\ld say1 flippantly1
 ^! ,galileans--s he always call$       
!m--ought n to res5t ! opportunity ( be+
 made m>tyrs :5 !y priz$ m>tyrdom s     
highly2 t !y _h no j cause = compla9t 9 
be+ condemn$ to pov]ty :5 pov]ty 0 s    
l\dly extoll$ 9 _! ,"l4 ,b1 inde$1      
,julian %[$ unmi/akably by "o enactm5t t
 tol]ation ) him 0 n an inviolable      
pr9ciple4 ,an edict 0 issu$ by him      
=bidd+ any ,*ri/ian to give in/ruction 9
 ,greek lit]ature "u any circum/ances4  
,! reason assign$ 0 t1 z !y did n       
believe 9 ! gods ( ,hom] & ,hesiod1 !y 7
 n fit expositors on ^! po9ts4 ,let !m  
g1 wrote ! ,emp]or1 to ! *ur*es ( !     

,galileans1 & !re exp\nd ,mat!w & ,luke4
 ,among ^? condemn$ to sil5ce by ?is    
decree 7 n a few ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s      
tea*]s ( ! age4 ,x made a pr(\nd        
s5sation at ! "t4 ,x 0 mo/ sev]ely      
criticis$ by ,julian's own hea!n admir]s
 at a lat] date4 ,x des]ves1 writes "o1 
to be buri$ 9 et]nal sil5ce4 ,to :at    
fur!r l5g?s ! intol]ance ( ,julian might
 h gone z he realis$ m & m ! bitt]ness (
 failure if 8 reign _h be5 prolong$1 we 
c only conjecture2 b ! desc5t 0         
suffici5tly rapid to sugge/ t1 s\r$ by  
disappo9tm5t1 he might1 _h he liv$1 h   
be5 f\nd at ! la/ among ! mo/ rel5tless 
( p]secutors4  ,b :ile he 0 ?us employ+ 
e artifice to depress ,*ri/ianity1 he 0 
also /ra9+ e n]ve to reanimate & re/ore 
,paganism4 ,he 01 says 8 hea!n          
panegyri/1 ,libanius1 ! be/ ( prie/s z  
he 0 ! fir/ ( ,emp]ors4 ,he valu$ !     
title ( ,*ief ,pontiff1 we are told1 m  
highly ?an ! dignity ( ,emp]or4 ,z ,*ief
 ,pontiff he made 8 influ5ce felt       
?r\gh\t ! empire1 reop5+ temples1 re/or+

 privileges1 re9/itut+ sacrifices4 ,no  
deity & no rite 9 any corn] ( 8 dom9ions
 escap$ 8 vigilance4 ,:e!r x 0 ! wor%ip 
( ! ,phrygian ,cybele1 or ( ! ,apis at  
,memphis1 or ( ! ,daphnian ,apollo at   
,antio*1 8 int]e/ 0 equally unflagg+4   
,he 0 ev]y:]e advis+1 coax+1 ?reat5+1   
goad+ into activity1 :]e he c\ld n fan  
into en?usiasm4 ,& n cont5t ) ?us       
ex]cis+ 8 (ficial sup]9t5d5ce1 he 0 mo/ 
assidu\s 9 8 own p]sonal s]vices4 ,9    
season & out ( season he w\ld ply !     
by/&] ) que/ions z to 8 religi\s belief4
 ,9 season & out ( season he w\ld       
dispute aga9/ ! ,galileans4 ,:]ev] he   
w5t ! alt>s smok$ ) victims4 ,he w\ld   
(f] sacrifices ( a :ole hecatomb at     
once4 ,he ransack$ l& & sea = r>e birds 
& bea/s1 t he might (f] !m 9 sacrifice  
to ! gods4 ,at ,antio* 8 soldi]s 7      
con/antly se5 borne away f ! temple     
?r\gh ! /reets1 gorg$ & intoxicat$1 aft]
 ! revelry ( ^! religi\s fe/ivals4 ,all 
k9ds ( div9ation1 by flight ( birds1 by 
! inspection ( entrails1 by ! s\nd (    

wat]s1 by oracul> responses1 & by       
,sibyll9e books1 7 dilig5tly s\ght out4 
,e *>latan :o pret5d$ to "s new secret (
 soo?say+ 0 welcom$ by him4 ,/range to  
say1 all ?is f]v\r ( devotion did n     
recomm5d ,julian to 8 hea!n subjects4 ,x
 %[s ! holl[ness ( ,paganism at ?is "t t
 8 conduct 0 met ei!r ) ridicule or )   
condemnation4 ,! common p call$ him 9   
d]ision a victim but*]1 & n a           
sacrificial prie/4 ,x 0 sne]+ly said t  
if he _h return$ triumphant f 8 ,p]sian 
exp$ition ! :ole race ( c[s mu/ h become
 ext9ct4 ,! devotion ( ! ,emp]or f\nd no
 response 9 ! mass ( 8 subjects4  ,b    
,julian 0 n only a re/or]1 he 0 also a  
re=m] ( hea!ndom4 ,:e!r he 0 consci\s ( 
! diff]5ce or n1 ! ,paganism :i* he _h  
set up z 8 ideal 0 q ano!r ?+ f !       
,paganism :i* _h be5 h&$ d[n f ! pa/4   
,he /rove to graft ! morality & !       
organisation ( ,*ri/ianity on ! /em (   
hea!ndom4 ,! prie/s ( ,paganism 7 m]ely 
! p]=m]s ( c]ta9 rites1 ! depositories (
 c]ta9 my/]ies4 ,!y _h no moral1 or     

educational1 or philan?ropic consci5ce4 
,! ,*ri/ian cl]gy1 on ! o!r h&1 ov] &   
above _! duties 9 ! public s]vices ( !  
,*ur*1 7 expect$ to be also ! pa/ors &  
tea*]s1 ! guides & examples1 ! m9i/]s ( 
com=t1 & ! disp5s]s ( alms to _! flocks4
 ,julian attempt$ to infuse ?is pa/oral 
elem5t into ! ,pagan prie/hood1 to :i* x
 0 :olly =eign4 ,9 ! lett]s :i* are     
extant ! prie/s are enjo9$ by him to    
ab/a9 f ! !atre or ! tav]n2 !y are      
=bidd5 to engage 9 any degrad+          
occupation2 !y are requir$ to see t _!  
wives1 & *ildr51 & s]vants att5d        
regul>ly on ! s]vice ( ! gods2 !y are   
told to imitate ! grave demean\r & !    
b5evol5t hospitality ( ,*ri/ian bi%ops4 
,x is %ameful1 writes ! ,emp]or1 t !    
impi\s ,galileans %\ld support our p z  
well z _! own4 ,su* a conception ( !    
prie/'s (fice mu/ h surpris$ ,julian's  
correspond5ts4 ,!y _h n b>ga9$ = any?+ (
 ! k9d4  ,b1 ) all 8 ef=ts1 ,julian made
 no real advance4 ,!re 71 9 l>ge numb]s1
 apo/asies :5 he apo/atis$1 j z !re _h  

be5 conv]sions :5 ,con/ant9e 0 conv]t$2 
b ^! ins9c]e adh]5ts f fa%ion or        
self-int]e/ are ! weakness1 n ! /r5g?1 (
 any cause4 ,julian c\ld n h deceiv$    
himself4 ,he saw none ( ! self-sacrifice
 :i* is ! only evid5ce ( g5u9e religi\s 
conviction4 ,he upbraid$ ! cr[ds :o     
flock$ to ! temples1 n to wor%ip ! gods1
 b to applaud ! ,emp]or4  ,& n[ ! end 0 
fa/ approa*+4 ,ab\t ,midsumm] #cfb1     
,julian took up 8 resid5ce at ,antio*1  
:]e he sp5t n9e mon?s prep>+ = 8 ,p]sian
 campaign4 ,?is soj\rn aggravat$ 8      
disappo9tm5t4 ,! p ( ,antio* did n take 
k9dly to _! sov]eign4 ,be=e long he _h  
succe$$ 9 mak+ himself equally unpopul> 
) bo? ! great sections ( ! community4   
,at ,antio*1 :]e ,*ri/ianity _h fir/    
obta9$ its "n1 ! ,*ri/ians =m$ an       
exceptionally l>ge fraction ( ! :ole    
population4 ,!y w\ld n be pr$ispos$     
fav\rably t[>ds an apo/ate1 & 8 inju/ice
 only s]v$ to confirm _! hatr$4 ,a fire 
broke out 9 ! temple ( ,apollo (        
,daphne1 & x 0 burnt to ! gr\nd4 ,)\t   

any adequate reason 8 suspicions fell on
 ! ,*ri/ians2 he put ! suspect$ p]sons  
to cruel tortures1 b elicit$ no         
confession4 ,?us foil$1 he ord]$ !      
pr9cipal *ur* ( ,antio* to be clos$ &   
raz$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! attitude ( !        
,*ri/ians 0 "o ( /]n defiance4 ,"u !    
walls ( ! palace1 along ! /reets ( !    
city1 :]ev] ! ,emp]or w\ld be likely to 
he>1 7 *ant$ ! words ( !                
,psalmi/--,conf\nd$ be all !y t wor%ip  
c>v$ images1 & t delight 9 va9 gods4 ,! 
idols ( ! hea!n are silv] & gold1 ev5 ! 
"w ( m5's h&s4 ,eyes h !y & see n4 ,!y t
 make !m are l unto !m1 & s are all !y t
 put _! tru/ 9 !m4 ,nor 0 he m =tunate )
 ! hea!n population4 ,he & !y 7         
co-religioni/s1 b 8 ,paganism 0 n _!    
,paganism4 ,! !atrical exhibitions1 !   
fe/ive orgies1 ! danc+ & ! revelry1 ^! 7
 ! v s\l ( religi\s wor%ip to !m4 ,he   
despis$ all su* ?+s4 ,!y ridicul$ !     
(fici\s devotion ) :i* he hurri$ f      
temple to temple & f alt> to alt>1      
pres5t at e fe/ival1 & p>ticipat+ 9 e   

rite4 ,he took 8 rev5ge by satiris+ _!  
ungodl9ess4 ,he told !m at ! great      
fe/ival ( _! patron god1 ! ,daphnian    
,apollo1 he _h expect$ to see co/ly     
victims smok+ on ! alt>1 b f\nd !re only
 "o mis]able goose1 ! solit>y (f]+ ( a  
poor prie/4 ,inde$1 he 0 doom$ to       
disappo9tm5t on all sides4 ,"o great    
project :i* he ent]ta9$ at ?is "t 0 !   
rebuild+ ( ! temple ( ,j]usalem4 ,x 0 n 
t he lov$ ! ,jews1 b t he hat$ !        
,*ri/ians4 ,s he ent]$ into             
communication ) ! ,jewi% patri>*1 & ! "w
 0 comm5c$4 ,! ru9$ walls 7 demoli%$1 ! 
f\ndations ( ! new build+ begun2 b z !  
workm5 p5etrat$ und]gr\nd1 great globes 
( fire bur/ out f ! e>? & drove !m back4
 ,aga9 & aga9 !y r5ew$ ! attempt2 aga9 &
 aga9 !y 7 repuls$4 ,! project 0        
rel9qui%$ & ! temple rema9s unbuilt to  
?is day4  ,?us irritat$ & disappo9t$1   
,julian left ,antio* & comm5c$ 8 m>*4   
,at 8 dep>ture he v5t$ 8 ang] aga9/ !   
(f5d+ p by decl>+ t he w\ld n ent] !    
city aga91 b on 8 return he w\ld g to   

,t>sus in/ead4 ,he 0 z good z 8 ^w4 ,he 
did return to ,t>sus2 b he return$ !re a
 corpse4 ,disa/r\s om5s1 we are told1   
?rong$ ^u him4 ,dur+ 8 m>* on           
,hi]apolis1 z he ent]$ ! city1 a portico
 sudd5ly gave way1 & cru%$ fifty soldi]s
 "u its ru9s4 ,at ,davana a huge /ack ( 
/raw fell1 & smo!r$ to dea? z _m m4 ,at 
,c>rhae1 ! fatal sc5e ( ! defeat (      
,crassus1 he 0 tr\bl$ ) s9i/] dreams4   
,at ,circesium he receiv$ lett]s f      
,sallu/1 ! ,prefect ( ,gaul1 entreat+   
him to susp5d ! ill-om5$ exp$ition4 ,"h1
 too1 0 an app>ition ( s9i/] augury4 ,! 
corpse ( an execut$ crim9al 0 f\nd ly+  
across ! pa?4 ,at ano!r place an enorm\s
 lion confront$ ! soldi]s across _! pa?4
 ,he 0 %ot by !m1 & pres5t$ to ,julian4 
,x port5d$ ! dea? ( a k+1 b on ! "q :at 
k+ 0 meant !re 0 a division ( op9ion4 ,!
 ,etruscan soo?say]s consid]$ x a       
disa/r\s sign2 ! philosoph]s int]pret$ x
 fav\rably4 ,! next day a soldi] nam$   
,julianus 0 /ruck d[n by lightn+4 ,?is  
om5 aga9 0 diff]5tly expla9$4 ,!        

soo?say]s & ! philosoph]s took opposite 
sides4  ,arriv$ at ! sc5e ( conflict1 ! 
,emp]or1 aft] obta9+ "s successes1 (f]$ 
a magnific5t sacrifice--t5 f9e bulls--to
 ,m>s ! ,av5g]4 ,! om5s 7 unmi/akably   
s9i/]4 ,julian 0 disgu/$ ) ! +ratitude (
 ! god1 & call$ ,jupit] to witness t he 
w\ld n sacrifice to ,m>s aga92 nor1 adds
 ! hi/orian1 did he belie 8 oa?1 be+    
c>ri$ (f prematurely by a spe$y dea?4   
,^! prodigies1 ) o!rs1 are relat$ by a  
,pagan :o accompani$ ! army4 ,*ri/ian   
writ]s add an incid5t ( :i* ,i see no   
reason to "q ! pro(1 & :i* c]ta9ly      
des]ves to be true4 ,julian's common    
taunt aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians 0 _! wor%ip ( a 
dead man4 ,:ile prep>+ = 8 exp$ition at 
,antio*1 he fell into dispute1 aft] 8   
mann]1 ) a ,*ri/ian :om he met          
accid5tally1 & said mock+ly1 ,:at is !  
,son ( ! c>p5t] do+ n[8 ,he is mak+ a   
c(f91 0 ! prompt reply4 ,! ,son ( !     
c>p5t] 0 mak+ a c(f9--a c(f9 n = ,julian
 only1 b = ! ,paganism ( :i* ,julian 0 !
 *ampion4  ,x is n necess>y = me to     

foll[ out ?is exp$ition to its disa/r\s 
issue4 ,x is suffici5t to say t ,julian 
0 inveigl$1 surr\nd$1 pi]c$ by a spe> f 
"s unkn[n ,p]sian or ,s>ac5 h&4 ,he     
p]ceiv$ at once t he 0 mortally w\nd$4  
,8 words at ?is mom5t are diff]5tly     
report$4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 he cri$ 
out1 ,oh1 ,galilean1 ?\ ha/ conqu]$6    
,ano!r /ory relates t he took ! blood   
well+ f ! w\nd 9 8 h&1 & flung x up     
t[>ds ! sun1 8 patron god1 ) an         
imprecation--,!re1 take ?y fill4 ,nei!r 
say+1 p]haps1 is report$ on suffici5tly 
good au?ority1 b ei!r w\ld accord well )
 ! disappo9tm5t & irritation :i* m>k$ ! 
clos+ sc5es ( 8 life4 ,he inquir$ :at 0 
! "n ( ! place4 ,x 0 a small village    
call$ ,p>?ia4 ,he _h be5 =ew>n$ long ago
 t 9 ,p>?ia he %\ld die4 ,he _h suppos$ 
t ! fam\s c\ntry ( t "n 0 meant4 ,we are
 rem9d$ by ?is incid5t ( an ,engli%     
sov]eign ly+ on 8 dea?-b$ 9 ! fam\s     
*amb] at ,we/m9/]1 :i* /ill be>s ! "n ( 
,j]usalem4 ,x ha? be5 prophesi$ to me _m
 ye>s ,i %\ld n die b at ,j]usalem1 :i* 

va9ly ,i suppos$ ! ,holy ,l&4 ,)9 a few 
h\rs ,julian _h brea!d 8 la/4 ,he di$ on
 ! #bf? ,june1 #cfc1 be+ n yet q        
?irty-two ye>s old1 & ) him p]i%$ ! la/ 
& be/ hope ( ,paganism4 ,less ?an tw5ty 
ye>s aft]1 ! ,emp]or ,gratian refus$ !  
title ( ,supreme ,pontiff4 ,?is 0 ! fir/
 ov]t act ( dise/abli%m5t4 ,!n bl[      
foll[$ bl[ 9 rapid succession4 ,paganism
 0 fir/ dise/abli%$1 !n dis5d[$1 !n     
prohibit$2 yet x /ill cont9u$ to l+] on 
till at l5g? x 0 buri$ 9 ! grave ( !    
empire4 ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god 0 ! 
paean ( victory ov] ! enemy sla94       
,julian's "w _h be5 f\nd l a *ild's     
ca/le elaborately pil$ up ( s& on ! br9k
 ( ! ocean4 ,! ris+ tide advanc$        
/eadily1 inexorably1 rel5tlessly1 & no  
traces ( ! /ructure rema94     ,,woman  
,,& ,,! ,,gospel4#aa   ,& ,he took !    
damsel by ! h&4--,,m>k v4 #da4   ,9     
select+ ?is text ,i h no int5tion ( say+
 _m words on ! actual sc5e itself4 ,!   
rais+ ( ,jairus's daught] attracts our  
att5tion by its vivid n>rative1 & by its

 int5se human pa?os1 :ile ! two =eign   
words1 summ+ up ! int]e/ ( ! /ory1 l+]  
/rangely 9 our e>s1 impress+ x          
effectually on our memories4 ,nor1 aga91
 d ,i purpose speak+ ( its direct       
!ological import1 :e!r z an answ] to    
human fai?1 or z a manife/ation ( !     
,div9e p[]4 ,9 ?is latt] aspect ?is is  
"o ( ?ree signal miracles1 !            
anticipations ( ,*ri/'s own             
resurrection4 ,x claims1 & x has        
receiv$1 ! mo/ e>ne/ /udy1 bo? 9 itself 
& 9 relation to o!r incid5ts ( ! same   
class4  ,^! m obvi\s aspects ( ! text   
are beside my pres5t purpose4 ,i wi%    
to-day to treat x f a :olly diff]5t po9t
 ( view4 ,*ri/'s miracles h always !    
highe/ spiritual significance4 ,!y are n
 miracles only1 b p>ables also4 ,!      
,messiah's k+dom w\ld h a*iev$          
comp>atively little = mank9d if x _h    
br\ght deliv]ance to ! captive 9 a      
lit]al s5se only4 ,a f> heavi] & m gall+
 bondage w\ld /ill rema9--! bondage (   
s94 ,physical bl9dness is only a type ( 

moral bl9dness2 ,*ri/'s heal+ p[] 9 ! "o
 case is ! pl$ge ( ,8 heal+ p[] 9 ! o!r4
 ,! palsy ( ! body symbolises ! palsy ( 
! s\l4 ,if ! p>alytic is bidd5 to take  
up 8 b$ & walk1 ?is is be=e all ?+s an  
assurance to u t ,*ri/ is able & will+  
to heal ! p>alysis ( ! s\l4 ,f ?is po9t 
( view ! words ( ! text are full ( mean+
 to all :o are met toge!r to-day4 ,he   
took ! damsel by ! h&1 & said unto h]1  
,damsel1 ,i say unto !e1 ,arise4 ,&     
/raightway ! damsel arose1 & walk$2 & !y
 7 a/oni%$ ) a great a/oni%m5t4  ,ne$ ,i
 rem9d y t ?is is ! e>lie/ miracle (    
rais+ ! dead rec\nt$ 9 ! ,gospels8 ,two 
o!rs foll[4 ,! wid[ ( ,na9 & ! si/]s (  
,be?any receive back _! dead4 ,b ! "o 0 
a gr[+ y\?1 ! o!r 0 a man ( mature age4 
,! "y woman 0 ,*ri/'s fir/ miracle (    
resurrection4 ,on h] 0 wr\ght fir/ ?is  
/up5d\s miracle4 ,= h] 0 won ?is e>lie/ 
triumph ov] dea? & hell4 ,is n ?is a    
significant fact 9 itself1 b especially 
significant = y1 = x proclaims !        
fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,gospel *>t]8 ,x

 ann\nces t ! weak & ! helpless 9 ye>s1 
9 sex1 9 social /atus1 are especially   
,*ri/'s c>e4 ,x decl>es emphatically t 9
 ,him is nei!r male nor female4 ,x is a 
call to y1 y wom5-work]s1 to d a si/]'s 
"p to ^! y\r si/]s4 ,*ri/'s action 9 ?is
 miracle is a =e%ad[+ ( ,8 action 9 !   
,*ur*4 ,! ,ma/] f\nd woman depos$ f h]  
prop] social position4 ,! man _h suff]$ 
n less ?an ! woman by ?is h]            
humiliation4 ,jew & ,g5tile _h conspir$ 
toge!r 9 an unconsci\s conspiracy to br+
 ab\t ?is disa/r\s result4 ,! ,hebrew   
,rabbi & ! ,greek philosoph] alike _h   
gone a/ray4 ,x is ! record$ say+ ( a    
fam\s ,jewi% doctor t ! words ( ! law 7 
bett] burn$ ?an committ$ to woman4 ,x is
 an op9ion ascrib$ to ! mo/ fam\s       
,a!nian /atesman1 t woman _h !n a*iev$  
h] highe/ glory :5 h] "n 0 he>d among/  
m5 lea/1 ei!r = virtue or = reproa*4 ,a 
moral resurrection 0 ne$$ = womanhood4  
,x might seem to ! look]-on l a social  
dea?1 f :i* !re 0 no awak5+1 b x 0 only 
! susp5sion ( h] prop] faculties &      

opportunities1 a long sleep f :i* a     
revival mu/ come soon] or lat]4 ,x 0 =  
,him1 & ,him alone1 :o 0 ! ,vanqui%] (  
dea?1 :o has ! keys ( ,hades--= ,him    
alone to op5 ! door ( h] sepul*ral      
prison & resuscitate h] dormant life &  
re/ore h] to h] ord9>y place 9 society4 
,:5 all hope 0 gone1 ,he took h] by ! h&
 & bid h] arise2 & at ! s\nd ( ,8 voice 
& ! t\* ( ,8 h& %e arose & walk$1 & ! _w
 0 a/oni%$ ) a great a/oni%m5t4 ,we     
ourselves are s famili> ) ! results1 !  
position ( woman is s fully recognis$ by
 u1 x is be>+ s abundant fruit e day &  
ev]y:]e1 t we ov]look ! magnitude ( !   
*ange itself4 ,only1 !n1 :5 we turn to !
 h>em & ! z5ana d we le>n to e/imate :at
 ! ,gospel has a*iev$1 & has /ill to    
a*ieve1 9 ! emancipation ( woman1 & h]  
re/itution to h] lawful place 9 ! social
 ord]4 ,to ourselves ! l>ge place :i*   
woman occupies 9 ! ,gospel & 9 ! e>ly   
apo/olic hi/ory seems only natural4 ,to 
contempor>ies x mu/ h appe>$ 9 ! light (
 a social revolution4 ,! v op5+ ( !     

,gospel is *>g$ ) ,div9e messages       
communicat$ to u ?r\gh woman--,m>y1     
,elizabe?1 ,anna2 wom5 att5d our ,"l    
ev]y:]e dur+ ,8 e>?ly m9i/ry4 ,! si/]s1 
,m>?a & ,m>y1 are set be=e u z embody+ !
 two contra/$ types ( "*1 ! practical & 
! contemplative4 ,to a woman1 & to a    
woman alone1 is giv5 ! promise ( an     
undy+ hope beyond ! glory ( ! mightie/  
e>?ly pr9ces4 ,( h] x is said3 ,:]esoev]
 ?is ,gospel is prea*$ 9 ! :ole _w1 !re 
%all ?is :i* ?is woman has done be told 
z a memorial ( h]4 ,to a woman 7 spok5  
^? graci\s words ( p>don mo/ t5d] &     
compassionate1 ! consolation & ! /ay & !
 hope ( ! p5it5t to all "t3 ,h] s9s1 :i*
 are _m1 are =giv51 = %e love? mu*4     
,wom5 are ! *ief att5dants at !         
crucifixion1 & ! *ief m9i/rants at !    
tomb4 ,woman is ! fir/ witness ( !      
resurrection2 & z x 0 9 ,*ri/'s p]sonal 
m9i/ry1 s x is 9 all ! ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 
,9 ! fir/ ga!r+ ( ! little b& aft] !    
,asc5sion1 wom5 are f\nd assembl$ ) !   
apo/les4 ,?is is a =e%ad[+ ( ! "p :i* !y

 are de/9$ to play 9 ! subsequ5t        
n>rative ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ca/ y\r 
eyes d[n ! salutations 9 ! ,epi/le to ! 
,romans4 ,!re is ,phoebe1 a deaconess ( 
! ,*ur* ( ,c5*rea1 comm5d$ z hav+ be5 ! 
succ\r] ( _m1 among o!rs ( ! ,apo/le    
himself4 ,!re is ,priscilla1 :o ) h]    
husb& _h laid d[n h] neck = 8 life1 to  
:om he himself n only gave ?anks1 b all 
! ,*ur*es ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re is ,m>y1 :o
 be/[$ mu* lab\r ^u him & o!rs2 ,tryph5a
 & ,tryphosa1 :o lab\r$ mu* 9 ! ,"l4    
,!re is ,p]sis1 to :om ! same te/imony  
is borne4 ,!re is ! "m ( ,rufus1 :o _h  
also be5 l a "m to himself4 ,!re is     
,julia1 & !re is ! si/] ( ,n]eus4 ,a    
long catalogue to appe> 9 ! salutations 
( a s+le epi/le6  ,turn aga9 f ! ,*ur* (
 :i* ,/4 ,paul knew lea/ :5 he wrote1 to
 ! ,*ur* ( :i* he knew mo/4 ,witness 8  
relation to 8 belov$ ,philippian ,*ur*4 
,he addresses himself fir/ to ! wom5 :o 
resort to ! places ( pray] among !      
individual wom5 ) :om he came 9 contact4
 ,at ,philippi we read ( ,lydia1 8      

e>lie/ ho/ess 9 ?is city1 ( ! damsel f  
:om he ca/ out a _s ( div9ation1 & !n ( 
,euodias & ,synty*e1 wom5 :o lab\r$ )   
him 9 ! ,gospel2 & inde$ we "k m ( !    
wom5 at ,philippi ?an we "k ( ! m54  ,b 
x 0 n only ?is desultory1 unrecognis$   
s]vice1 h[ev] frequ5t1 h[ev] great1 t   
wom5 r5d]$ to ! spread ( ! ,gospel 9 its
 e>lie/ days4 ,! ,apo/olic ,*ur* _h its 
organis$ m9i/rations ( wom51 its ord] ( 
deaconesses1 its ord] ( wid[s4 ,wom5 _h 
_! def9ite place 9 ! ecclesia/ical sy/em
 ( ^? e>ly times1 & 9 our own age &     
c\ntry aga9 ! awak5$ activity ( ! ,*ur* 
is once m dem&+ ! recognition ( ! female
 m9i/ry4 ,! ,*ur* feels h]self maim$ (  
"o ( h] h&s4 ,no long] %e fails to      
employ1 to organise1 to consecrate to ! 
s]vice ( ,*ri/1 ! love1 ! sympa?y1 !    
tact1 ! self-devotion ( wom54 ,h5ce !   
revival ( ! female diaconate 9 its      
multiplication ( si/]hoods4 ,b ^!1 ?\gh 
! mo/ def9ite1 are n ! mo/ ext5sive     
developm5ts ( ?is revival4 ,ev]y:]e     
in/itutions are spr++ up1 manifold 9 =m 

& purpose1 = ! organisation ( wom5's "w4
 ,!re has be51 & !re is /ill1 a %ameful 
wa/e ( ?is lat5t p[]1 b\ndless 9 its    
capacities if only fo/]$ & develop$4 ,! 
fam\s h]o9es ( womanhood w necess>ily be
 few4 ,x is r>ely wom5's "p to save a   
city or guide a *ur*4 ,only at long     
int]vals on ! /age ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w    
appe> su* wom5 z ,joan ( ,arc2 b "h &   
!re ,god raises up an exceptional h]o9e 
to d exceptional "w1 :i* a woman alone c
 d1 or d s effectually1 = h] age &      
c\ntry4 ,b g5]ally x is 9 ! quiet]1 less
 obtrusive1 m homely1 & m womanly way1 t
 %e is call$ to te/ h] p[]1 c]ta9ly n   
less real or less b5efic5t1 ?\gh x may  
be less /rik+1 ?an ! p[] ( man4 ,%e is a
 "m 9 h] own h\sehold1 h] own k9dr$1 h] 
own p>i%1 h] own neighb\rhood2 ! guide1 
! help] ( man4 ,yes2 a prie/ess & a     
prophetess to ! "y1 ! sick1 ! frail &   
err+1 ! poor & ne$y--ne$y :e!r (        
spiritual or bodily heal+4 ,x is !      
prov9ce ( ! ,*ur*1 :5 act+ by ! ,_s & 9 
! "n ( ,*ri/1 to develop ! p[] ( wom51  

to take by ! h& & raise f its torpor t  
:i* seem$ a dea?1 b :i* is only a sleep2
 & n[1 z !n1 reviv$ life & b5efic5t "w w
 amaze ! look]-on--!y 7 a/oni%$ ) a     
great a/oni%m5t4  ,among ! mo/ rec5t    
developm5ts ( ! "w ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ y\r
 ,girls' ,fri5dly ,society has tak5 a   
=emo/ place4 ,i w\ld say 9 all s9c]ity1 
t :5 ,i read y\r la/ report ) pr(\nd joy
 & ?ankfulness1 ,i 0 impress$1 no less  
by ! complet5ess ( y\r ideal1 ?an by !  
v>iety & expansion ( y\r "w4 ,i d n say 
?is to comm5d2 ?is is n ! "t or ! place 
= comm5dation4 ,n unto u1 ,o ,"l1 n unto
 u1 b unto ,?y "n give ! praise4 ,y w n 
be cont5t1 w y8 y w n be cont5t1 if y   
are true to y\r ideals1 ) hold+ out ! h&
 ( lov+ sympa?y 9 y\r own home &        
neighb\rhood to a humble si/] ne$+ a    
si/]'s c>e & guidance8 ,y\r love w foll[
 h] ab\t t %e may nev] be lo/ sight (4  
,x is a trite compla9t t 9 ?is day ! old
 relations betwe5 ma/] & s]vant h       
vani%$1 or almo/ vani%$ away4 ,! bond is
 no long] "o ( reciprocal loyalty1 b (  

common conv5i5ce4 ,h5ce x is liable to  
sev]ance at any mom5t 9 ! fev]i%1       
ev]-re/less1 fluctuat+ conditions (     
mod]n life4 ,x 0 impossible t ^!        
relations %\ld rema9 un*ang$ :ile all   
else 0 *ang+4 ,! dome/ic s]vant or ! %op
 girl has no long] a fix$ home2 %e is a 
w&]] on ! e>?4 ,x is j "h t ! ca?olicity
 ( y\r plan %\ld /ep 9 & c\nt]act !     
evil4 ,x is y\r "p to realise ?is       
ca?olicity4 ,:5 a girl once enrolls     
h]self 9 y\r numb]s1 %e is y\rs2        
ev]y:]e1 :i!rsoev] %e may g1 ! fri5dly  
eye w re/ ^u h]2 ! fri5dly h& w be      
/ret*$ out to h] :]esoev] %e may be4 ,%e
 w f9d ev]y:]e a home1 because %e w f9d 
ev]y:]e fri5ds4 ,y _c set ?is ideal be=e
 y\rselves too def9itely1 or /rive to   
realise x too e>ne/ly4  ,d y ask h[ y\r 
"w may be truly effective8 ,i answ] y 9 
! words ( ! text2 ,he took ! damsel by !
 h&4 ,!re mu/ be an int5sity ( human    
sympa?y1 & !re mu/ be an indwell+ ( !   
,div9e p[]4 ,! lesson ( ! miracle :i* ,i
 h tak5 = my />t+-po9t involves bo? ^!  

ideals4 ,! curr5t ( womanly sympa?y mu/ 
fl[ out deep & /rong & cle>4 ,is n ?is !
 typical mean+ ( ,*ri/'s action 9 !     
text8 ,! t\* ( ,8 w>m h& re/ores !      
circulation & revives ! life 9 ^? pale1 
motionless1 dea?-l limbs4 ,we want      
sympa?y "h1 sympa?y fir/ & sympa?y      
la/--sympa?y reflect+1 h[ev] fa9tly1    
,*ri/'s own b\ndless compassion & love4 
,! cold1 me*anical =malism ( ! reliev+  
(fic] w n suffice2 ! haughty ass]tion ( 
sup]iority1 ! condesc5d+ patronage ( !  
f9e lady w be worse ?an no?+4 ,y mu/ be 
a si/] to y\r si/]s1 tread+ 9 ! foot/eps
 ( y\r ,bro!r1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,is n ?is  
also ! mean+ ( ^? words :i* ,he utt]s to
 ! girl ly+ helpless be=e ,him8 ,he     
speaks to h] n 9 ! ,greek1 ! conv5tional
 language ( outw>d life1 b 9 ! ,syriac1 
! true language ( ! family & ! home4 ,x 
pi]ces h]1 not)/&+ h] dea?-l slumb]4 ,he
 speaks to h]1 z ,he speaks to u all1 ) 
! voice ( a direct p]sonal love4 ,?is is
 always ! language ( ,*ri/'s words1 !   
language ( ,*ri/'s ,gospel1--,h[ he> we 

e man 9 our own tongue :]e9 we 7 born8  
,& ov] & above all ?is1 animat+1        
inspir+1 sanctify+ y\r human sympa?ies1 
!re mu/ be ! consci\sness ( ! ,div9e    
pres5ce1 ! s5se ( ! ,div9e en]gy1 9 y\r 
"w4 ,y w apply y\rself to x ) a /r5g? n 
y\r own2 ! p[] ( ! liv+ ,*ri/ w ?rill   
?r\gh y4 ,is n ?is ! int]pretation ( !  
symbolic action1 ,he took ! damsel by ! 
h&8--,he ,himself1 & n ano!r4 ,n ,i1 b  
,*ri/ 9 me1 w be ! inspir+ motive ( y\r 
"w1 z x 0 9 ,/4 ,paul's4 ,8 h& mu/ guide
 y\r h&2 nay1 ,8 h& mu/ replace y\r h&1 
if ! t\* %all raise ! damsel1 & re/ore  
h] to a bett] & a happi] life4  ,&      
re/ore h] x w2 ?is int5se human sympa?y 
inspir$ by ?is consci\sness ( ! ,div9e  
indwell+4 ,x nev] has fail$ yet1 & x    
nev] c fail to "w miracles (            
resurrection & heal+1 9 h] helplessness1
 9 h] temptations1 9 all h] /ruggles &  
p]plexities1 h] bodily wants1 & h]      
spiritual trials4 ,x w be to h] com=t & 
/r5g? & hope2 x w ?rob h] ) ! pulse ( an
 awak5$ life4  ,b ,i h spok5 hi!rto z if

 ^! helpless girls :om y befri5d 7 !    
sole c\nt]p>ts ( ,jairus's daught]4 ,i h
 reg>d$ !m z only ! pati5ts :om ,*ri/'s 
awak5+ h&s raise f _! dea?-l slumb]s4   
,is ?is an adequate repres5tation ( !   
case1 ?9k y8 ,are !re n o!rs ev5 m ne$y 
?an !y ( ?is b5efic5t movem5t8 ,are we n
 taught on ! highe/ au?ority t x is m   
bless$ to give ?an to receive8 ,b1 if s1
 h we n a tru] antitype ( ?is damsel :om
 ,*ri/ rais$ 9 ^! befri5d$ girls8 ,yes1 
,*ri/ has tak5 !m by ! h&1 & has reviv$ 
!m1 has awak5$ !m f ! heavy1 dea?-l     
slumb] ( a selfi%1 self-conta9$ be+4    
,*ri/ has %[n !m ! beauty & ! p[] (     
sympa?y1 & x has be5 to !m ! ?robb+ ( a 
new life4 ,surely x is n only ! daught]s
 ( ance/ral l9eage & ( ,norman blood1 n 
only a ,cl>a ,v]e de ,v]e1 :o are sick5+
 ) disease1 & :o ne$ ,*ri/'s heal+ h&2  
is !re n 9 ! home ( ! pr(essional man _m
 a daught] & _m a si/] on ^: h& "t hangs
 heavily1 ^: life is wa/+ away1 frett+ )
 fev]i% excitem5t1 or sunk 9            
self-indulg5ce & apa?y1 we>y ( self1 &  

we>y ( o!rs8 ,h[ %all !y wake up f _!   
b>r5 monotony & dea?-l exi/5ce8         
,sympa?y1 active sympa?y = o!rs2 ?is1 & 
?is alone1 c re/ore !m4 ,mo!rs1 tra9 y\r
 daught]s e>ly to ?9k = o!rs1 to c>e =  
o!rs1 to m9i/] to o!rs4 ,be assur$ ?is w
 be ! mo/ valuable "p ( _! education4   
,?is heav5-born *>ity is ! sov]eign     
antidote to all ! ills ( womanhood4 ,is 
x "s secret sorr[ gnaw+ at ! he>t1 "s   
outrag$ feel+1 or "s h>r[+ b]eavem5t1 or
 "s actual disappo9tm5t8 ,m]ge & absorb 
x 9 active solicitude = o!rs4 ,is x "s  
fi]ce temptation :i* %am$ y1 & ea* fre% 
/ruggle seems to leave y weak] ?an be=e8
 ,!re w be no room = ?is if y devote    
y\rself to ! ne$s ( o!rs4 ,all s9 is    
selfi%ness 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,=get slo?2  
?is is ! be/ safegu>d aga9/ temptation4 
,i appeal confid5tly to all ^? :o h made
 ! trial to say :e!r ?is m$ic9e has     
heal$ !m :]e all o!r m$ic9es h fail$8   
,&1 :y1 :y8 ,x is ,*ri/'s own love      
con/ra9+ !m2 x is ,*ri/'s own t\* ?rill+
 ?r\gh _! ve9s2 h5ce !y m>k !           

resurrection--,he took ! damsel by ! h&2
 & /raightway %e arose & walk$4         
,,pilate4#ab   ,pilate sai? unto ,him1  
,:at is tru?8--,,john xviii4 #ch4   ,/4 
,john is especially di/+ui%$ among ! f\r
 evangeli/s = 8 subtle del9eation ( "*4 
,we d n commonly rememb]--x co/s u an   
ef=t to rememb]--h[ v l>gely we are     
indebt$ to ! f\r? gospel = our          
conceptions ( ! *ief p]sonages :o be> a 
"p 9 evangelical hi/ory1 :]e ^?         
conceptions are mo/ cle> & di/9ct4 ,if  
we analyse ! s\rces ( our in=mation1 we 
f9d aga9 & aga9 t :ile some?+ is told u 
ab\t p>ticul> p]sons 9 ! o!r evangeli/s1
 yet x is ,/4 ,john :o gives ^? t\*es to
 ! picture :i* make x /& out ) its own  
individuality z a real1 liv+1 speak+    
man4 ,! o!r evangeli/ w record a "n1 or1
 p]haps1 an incid5t2 ,/4 ,john w add "o 
or two say+s2 & ! :ole p]son is in/9ct )
 life4 ,! "* fla%es out 9 half-a-doz5   
words4 ,f ! abundance ( ! he>t ! m\?    
speake?4 ,s x is ) ,philip1 ) ,?omas1 ) 
,m>y & ,m>?a1 & ) sev]al o!rs :o might  

be nam$4 ,?is vividness ( portraiture is
 our /ronge/ assurance1 if assurance 7  
ne$$1 t ! n>rative 0 inde$ writt5 by him
 ^: "n x be>s--by ! belov$ disciple &   
eye-witness himself4 ,=1 obs]ve1 !re is 
no ef=t at del9eation ( "*2 !re is no   
del9eation ( "* at all1 prop]ly s call$4
 ,! evangeli/ does n describe ! p]sons  
:om he introduces2 !y describe !mselves4
 ,! incid5tal act1 ! incid5tal movem5t  
or ge/ure1 ! incid5tal say+1 tells !    
tale4 ,t :i* he _h he>d1 t :i* he _h    
look$ ^u & 8 eyes _h se51 t :i* 8 h&s _h
 h&l$ ( ! ,^w ( ,life--t & t only he    
decl>$4  ,pilate furni%es a rem>kable   
illu/ration ( ?is feature 9 ,/4 ,john's 
gospel4 ,pilate is ! *ief ag5t 9 ! cr[n+
 sc5e ( evangelical hi/ory4 ,he is      
necess>ily a prom95t figure 9 all ! f\r 
n>ratives ( ?is crisis4 ,9 ! fir/ ?ree  
gospels we le>n mu* ab\t him4 ,we f9d   
him !re1 z we f9d him 9 ,/4 ,john1 at   
cross purposes ) ! ,jews4 ,he is        
repres5t$ !re1 n less ?an by ,/4 ,john1 
z giv+ an unwill+ cons5t to ! judicial  

murd] ( ,jesus4 ,8 ,roman s5se ( ju/ice 
is too /rong to all[ him to yield )\t an
 ef=t4 ,8 p]sonal c\rage is too weak to 
p]sev]e 9 ! /ruggle :5 ! consequ5ces    
?reat5 to become inconv5i5t4 ,he is     
timid1 politic1 "t-s]v+1 z repres5t$ by 
all alike4 ,he has j en\gh consci5ce to 
wi% to %ake (f ! responsibility1 b f>   
too little consci5ce to %r9k f committ+ 
! s94 ,b 9 ,/4 ,john's n>rative we pi]ce
 f> bel[ ! surface4 ,"h he is reveal$ to
 u z ! s>ca/ic1 cynical worldl+1 :o     
d\bts ev]y?+1 di/ru/s ev]y?+1 despises  
ev]y?+4 ,he has an int5se scorn = !     
,jews1 & yet he has a crav5 dread ( !m4 
,he has a c]ta9 pr(essional reg>d =     
ju/ice1 & yet he has no real belief 9   
tru? or hon\r4 ,?r\gh\t he manife/s a   
malici\s irony 9 8 conduct at ?is       
crisis4 ,!re is a l(ty scorn 9 8 answ]  
:5 he repudiates any sympa?y ) !        
accus]s4 ,am ,i a ,jew8 ,!re is a       
s>ca/ic pity 9 ! "q :i* he addresses to 
! ,prison] be=e him1 ,art ,?\ ! ,k+ ( ! 
,jews8 ,art ,?\1 !n1 a k+--,?\ poor1    

weak1 helpless fanatic1 :om ) a s+le ^w 
,i c\ld doom to dea?8 ,he is            
half-bewild]$ ) ! incongruity ( ! claim2
 & yet !re is a c]ta9 propriety t a wild
 en?usia/ %\ld ass]t 8 sov]eignty ov] a 
nation ( bigots2 s he s>ca/ically adopts
 ! title4 ,w y t ,i release unto y ! ,k+
 ( ! ,jews8 ,ev5 :51 at l5g?1 he is     
oblig$ to yield to ! popul> clam\r1 he w
 at lea/ h 8 rev5ge by a /udi$ contempt4
 ,behold y\r ,k+6 ,%all ,i crucify y\r  
,k+8 ,& to ! v la/ mom5t he indulges 8  
cynical scorn4 ,! title on ! cross 01   
inde$1 unconsci\sly1 a proclamation ( a 
,div9e tru?2 b 9 its imm$iate purpose & 
int5t x 0 ! m]e gratification (         
,pilate's s>ca/ic hum\r4 ,jesus (       
,naz>e?4 ,c\ld any good ?+ come out (   
,naz>e?8 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! ,k+ ( !    
,jews4 ,he has sacrific$ 8 hon\r to !m1 
b he w n sacrifice 8 contempt4 ,:at ,i h
 writt51 ,i h writt54  ,b x is m        
especially 9 ! s5t5ce :i* ,i h *os5 = my
 text t ! :ole "* ( ! man is reveal$4 ,!
 ,prison] be=e him _h accept$ ! title ( 

a ,k+4 ,he bas$ ,8 claim to ?is title on
 ! fact t ,he _h come to be> witness ( !
 tru?4 ,he decl>$ t ^? :o 7 !mselves ( !
 tru? w\ld ackn[l$ge ,8 claim4 ,!y 7 ,8 
rightful subjects2 !y 7 ! enfran*is$    
citiz5s ( ,8 k+dom4  ,/range language   
?is1 9 ! e>s ( a cynical1 worldly       
sceptic1 to :om ! mo/ attractive hope ( 
humanity 0 a judici\s admixture ( =ce & 
fraud4 ,pilate sai? unto ,him1 ,:at is  
tru?8 ,& :5 he _h said ?is he w5t out4  
,! alt]cation c\ld be c>ri$ no f>!r4 ,0 
n human life itself "o great qu]y )\t an
 answ]8 ,:at 0 tru?8 ,tru?8 ,?is        
helpless ,prison] claim$ to be a ,k+1 & 
,he appeal$1 =soo?1 to ,8 tru?fulness z 
! cr$5tial ( ,8 sov]eign rights6 ,0 ev] 
any claim m contradictory ( all human   
exp]i5ce1 m palpably absurd1 ?an ?is8   
,tru?8 ,:5 _h tru? any?+ to d ) f\nd+ a 
k+dom8 ,! mighty eng9e ( imp]ial p[]1 ! 
arm$ sceptre :i* rul$ ! _w1 :5ce came x8
 ,c]ta9ly x ow$ no?+ to tru?4 ,_h n     
,augu/us e/abli%$ 8 sov]eignty by an    
unscrupul\s use ( =ce1 & ma9ta9$ x by an

 a/ute use ( artifice8 ,& 8 successor1 !
 pres5t occupant ( ! imp]ial ?rone1 0 he
 n an ar* dissembl]1 ! d>ke/ ( all d>k  
enigmas8 ,! "n ( ,tib]ius 0 a byword =  
imp5etrable disguise4 ,tru? might d well
 en\gh = fools & en?usia/s2 b = rul]s1 =
 diplomati/s1 = m5 ( ! _w1 x 0 ! wilde/ 
( all wild dreams4 ,tru?8 ,:at 0 tru?8  
,he _h liv$ too long 9 ! _w to tru/ to  
any su* holl[ delusion4 ,he _h li/5$ to 
! ceaseless d9 ( philosophical          
disputations till he 0 we>y ( !m4 ,!    
,/oics1 ! ,epicureans1 ! ,platoni/s1 all
 _h _! sev]al specifics :i* !y v5d$ z   
tru?4 ,all 7 equally sure1 & yet no two 
agre$4  ,he _h witness$1 c]ta9ly n )\t  
contempt1 & yet n altoge!r )\t dismay1 !
 ris+ flood ( =eign sup]/ition--,greek1 
,syrian1 ,egyptian1 ,*aldean--:i*       
?reat5$ to deluge ! city & empire1 &    
de/roy all ! anci5t l&m>ks4 ,c\ld he    
believe all or any ( ^!8 ,9 ?is         
nev]-end+ conflict ( philosophical      
dogmas & religi\s cre$s1 :at c\ld he d b
 resign himself to scepticism1 to       

indiff]5ce1 to a cold & cynical scorn ( 
all en?usia/ic convictions & all def9ite
 beliefs8 ,:at is tru?8  ,& yet z he    
turn$ away1 nei!r expect+ nor desir+ an 
answ] to a "q :i* he _h ask$ m]ely to   
end an inconv5i5t controv]sy1 "s uneasy 
misgiv+s1 we may well suppose1 fla%$    
across ! m9d ( ?is pr\d1 s>ca/ic        
worldl+1 t he 0 n[ br\ght face to face )
 tru? z he _h nev] be5 br\ght be=e4 ,!re
 0 a reality ab\t e ^w & action ( ?is   
,jewi% ,prison] :i* arre/$ & ov]aw$ him4
 ,! calmness ) :i* ,he urg$ ,8 claims1 !
 fe>lessness ) :i* ,he defi$ dea?1 !    
impressive words1 ! /ill m impressive   
sil5ce1 ! manife/ innoc5ce & rectitude (
 ! ,man1 if he saw no?+ m--^! c\ld n be 
)\t _! effect ev5 on a ,pilate1 /eep$ z 
he 0 9 ! moral recklessness & ! religi\s
 despair ( 8 age4 ,at all ev5ts1 he w\ld
 s]ve ! ,man if he conv5i5tly c\ld4  ,b 
!re _h be5 also a nobl] elem5t 9        
,pilate's education ?an moral scepticism
 & religi\s unbelief4 ,he 0 a ,roman    
gov]nor1 & z a ,roman gov]nor he 0 an   

adm9i/rator ( ,roman law4 ,x 0 _!       
appreciation ( law1 _! respect = law1 _!
 /udy ( law1 f> m ?an any?+ else1 :i*   
gave its greatness to ! "* ( ! ,roman p4
 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ degrad$ ages ( _! hi/ory1 
& ) ! wor/ individual types ( m51 ?is is
 ! "o bright spot :i* relieves ! gloom4 
,x is ! nobl] pr]ogative ( law to set a 
/&>d cle>1 def9ite1 & precise4 ,i h no  
conc]n "h ) o!r obligations to ! law :i*
 z ,*ri/ians we are b\nd to ackn[l$ge1  
?\gh1 speak+ be=e ! *ief repres5tatives 
( ,engli% law & ju/ice1 ,i _c fail to be
 rem9d$ ( !m ?is aft]noon4 ,b ?is       
exhibition ( a moral /&>d is a ga9 :i* x
 is h>dly possible to ov]-e/imate4 ,!   
/&>d w n always be ! highe/4 ,f ! nature
 ( ! case x _c be s4 ,law deals ) "s    
dep>tm5ts ( morality v imp]fectly2 )    
o!rs x does n attempt to deal at all4 ,b
 /ill1 :5ev] x is felt1 & s f> z x      
p5etrates1 x creates an ideal1 & begets 
a habit :i* w n be p[]less ev5 ) ! mo/  
indiff]5t & reckless ( m54 ,s x 0 )     
,pilate4 ,!ological scepticism _h eat5  

out 8 religi\s pr9ciples to ! v core4   
,unscrupul\s worldl9ess & self-seek+ _h 
%att]$ 8 moral con/itution2 b ?\gh 8    
pr9ciples 7 gone1 & 8 "* 0 ru9$1 /ill he
 0 haunt$ by "s l+]+ s5se ( pr(essional 
hon\r2 /ill ! magnific5t ideal ( ,roman 
ju/ice & ,roman law rose up be=e him1 & 
w\ld n lightly be ?ru/ aside4 ,he pleads
 repeat$ly = ju/ice aga9/ ! rel5tless   
accus]s4 ,?ree times he decl>es !       
,prison]'s innoc5ce 9 ! same explicit   
words--,i f9d no fault 9 ,him4 ,once &  
aga9 he /rives to %ift ! responsibility 
f 8 own %\ld]s to !irs4 ,take ye ,him & 
judge ,him accord+ to y\r law4 ,take ye 
,him & crucify ,him4 ,b 8 ef=ts are all 
9 va94 ,!y w h none ( ?is4 ,! de$ %all  
be done1 & he %all d x4  ,x 0 n ! fir/1 
& x w\ld n be ! la/ "t t ,pilate f\nd   
himself 9 conflict ) ! ,jews4 ,= t5 ye>s
 he 0 gov]nor ( ?is turbul5t1           
intractable p4 ,?is 0 an unusually long 
p]iod ( (fice "u an ,emp]or l ,tib]ius1 
:o 0 con/antly *ang+ 8 prov9cial        
gov]nors f m]e suspicion & di/ru/4 ,x   

mu/ h co/ ,pilate no little tr\ble to   
/e] 8 c\rse s long & s successfully1 )\t
 f\nd]+ ei!r on ! suspicions ( 8 jeal\s 
ma/] "h or on ! bigotry ( 8 /ubborn     
subjects !re4 ,& yet he 0 con/antly     
w\nd+ ! religi\s susceptibilities ( !   
,jews4 ,at "o "t he %ock$ !m by br++ !  
milit>y ensigns ) ! effigies ( ,caes> )9
 ! walls ( ,j]usalem2 at ano!r he p]si/$
 9 sett+ up "s gilt %ields1 inscrib$ ) a
 pr(ane hea!n d$ication1 9 ! palace (   
,h]od )9 ! holy prec9cts4 ,9 bo? cases  
he drove ! ,jews to ! extreme v]ge (    
exasp]ation4 ,9 bo? cases he exhibits ! 
same s>ca/ic & defiant scorn :i* is     
app>5t "h4 ,9 bo? cases _! ob/9ate zeal 
or bigotry triumphs1 z x triumphs "h1 & 
he is =c$1 9 ! end1 to retrace 8 /eps & 
to undo 8 de$4  ,s1 !n1 ?is 0 only "o   
brief episode 9 a protract$ /ruggle     
betwe5 ,pilate & ! ,jewi% p4 ,d\btless1 
x seem$ at ! "t q insignificant comp>$ )
 ^? o!r & fi]c] conflicts 9 :i* he 0    
engag$4 ,x is pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce by     
contempor>y ,jewi% writ]s4 ,x conc]n$ ! 

life ( a s+le p]son only2 x 0 settl$ 9 a
 s+le night2 & yet x involv$ no?+ less  
?an ! et]nal de/9y ( all mank9d4  ,ah1  
!re is a t]rible irony 9 ,god's         
retributive ju/ice1 :i* s bl9ds a man to
 ! true proportions ( ?+s4 ,a s+le mom5t
 may d a wrong :i* c5turies _c repair4  
,x is a dang]\s ?+ to defy ! tru?4 ,!   
maje/y ( tru? is inviolable1 & he :o    
insults x 9 a mom5t ( recklessness c    
nev] =eca/ ! consequ5ces4 ,"t & space & 
notoriety are no measure ( importance   
"h4 ,! mo/ important crim9al trial on   
record 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d 0 hurri$     
?r\gh 9 two or ?ree %ort h\rs1 "u cov] (
 night & 9 ! grey ( e>ly dawn4  ,?is is 
! great lesson ( ,pilate's crime4 ,he 0 
surpris$ by ! tru?2 he f\nd himself     
unexpect$ly confront$ by ! tru?2 & he   
c\ld n recognise x4 ,8 :ole life long he
 _h tamp]$ ) tru?2 he _h despis$ tru?2  
he _h despair$ ( tru?4 ,tru? 0 ! la/ ?+ 
:i* he _h set be=e him z ! ma9 aim (    
life4 ,he _h ?\ght mu* ( policy1 (      
artifice1 ( fraud1 ( =ce2 b = tru? 9 any

 ( its manifold =ms he _h c>$ j no?+ at 
all4 ,& 8 s9 _h work$ out its own       
retribution4 ,n tru? only1 b ! v ,tru?  
itself1 ,tru? inc>nate1 /ood be=e him 9 
a human =m1 & he 0 bl9d to x2 he scorn$ 
x2 he play$ ) x2 he ?ru/ x aside2 he    
condemn$1 & he gibbet$ x4 ,suff]$ "u    
,pontius ,pilate1 is ! leg5d ( et]nal   
infamy ) :i* hi/ory has br&$ 8 "n4  ,s x
 is always4 ,! ,"l appe>s sudd5ly 9 ,8  
temple--9 ! %r9e ( ! human he>t &       
consci5ce2 sudd5ly--at a "t & 9 a =m :i*
 we lea/ expect4 ,! tru? visits u v     
frequ5tly "u ! disguise ( "s common     
ev5t1 or "s insignificant p]son4 ,x     
surprises u1 p]haps1 9 ! accid5tal say+ 
( "s little *ild1 or 9 ! insidi\sness ( 
"s mean temptation1 or 9 ! em]g5cy ( "s 
trivial *oice4 ,x /&s be=e u at once z  
our suppliant & our k+4 ,we fail to see 
its maje/y veil$ 9 its humble g>b4 ,we  
treat x z our prison] :51 9 fact1 x is  
our judge1 & may become our gaol]4 ,we  
flatt] ourselves t we h p[] to condemn  
or to release x4 ,we h no fault to f9d )

 x1 b /ill we reject x2 we crucify x2 & 
be=e ?ree days are gone x rises f its   
grave to be> et]nal te/imony aga9/ u4   
,we c\ld n see ! tru?1 because we       
ourselves 7 n ( ! tru?4 ,"h 9 ?is       
judicial bl9dness is ! w>n+ ( ,pilate's 
example4 ,l is drawn to l3 l only       
und]/&s l4 ,! tru? is only = ! *ildr5 ( 
tru?4  ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 unduly n>r[ !  
s5se ( tru? & ( tru?fulness4 ,:5 our ,"l
 call$ ,himself ! tru?--:5 ,he decl>$ t 
! tru? %\ld make u free1 ,he meant v mu*
 m ?an is commonly und]/ood by ! ^w4    
,v]acity is1 inde$1 tru?2 b x is only a 
small "p ( ! tru?4 ,a man may be        
scrupul\sly v]aci\s1 /rictly a man (    
hon\r2 he may always say :at he         
believes2 he may always p]=m :at he     
promises2 & yet he may n be1 9 ! highe/ 
s5se1 true4 ,he may be ! slave ( a ?\s& 
unrealities4 ,a g5u9e *ild ( tru? is v  
mu* m ?an a speak] ( ! tru?4 ,he is a   
do] ( ! tru?1 & a ?9k] ( ! tru?1 & a    
liv] ( ! tru?4 ,he is frank1 op51 & real
 9 all ?+s4 ,reality is ! v s\l ( 8 be+4

 ,he c>es = no?+ :i* is holl[1 %ad[y1   
sup]ficial4 ,popul>ity1 weal?1 success1 
worldly ambition1 & display are         
ess5tially unreal1 because !y are       
ext]nal1 because !y are transi5t4       
,!re=e1 he e/imates !m at _! true value4
 ,! devotion ( sci5tific m5 9 pursuit ( 
sci5tific tru? w9s our highe/           
admiration4 ,x is n )\t a ?rill (       
national pride t we h j bidd5 ,god-spe$ 
to ! gallant company :i* has />t$ = !   
,arctic seas4 ,to face untold h>d%ips & 
possible dea? 9 su* a cause is a wor?y &
 noble aim1 = ^! are realities4 ,b      
obvi\sly !re are tru?s ( f> high] mom5t 
to ! temporal & et]nal well-be+ ( man   
?an ! laws ( electricity1 or ! causes ( 
! ,aurora1 or ! fauna ( ! ,pol> seas4   
,:5ce came ,i8 ,:i!r g ,i8 ,:at is s98  
,:at is consci5ce8 ,is !re a ,god 9     
heav58 ,is !re a provid5ce1 a moral     
gov]nm5t1 a judgm5t8 ,is !re a          
r$emption1 a sanctification1 a life     
et]nal8 ,^! are ! mom5t\s1 ! press+     
que/ions :i* a man c only %elve at 8    

p]il4 ,*ri/ is ! answ] to all ^!        
que/ions4 ,!re=e1 ,he is ! v]ity (      
v]ities4 ,!re=e1 ,he claims = ,himself !
 title ( ! tru? z ,8 absolute &         
indefeasible "r4  ,an incapacity to see 
! tru?1 :5 ?us pres5t$ to u 9 its highe/
 =m1 may arise f diff]5t causes4 ,x may 
spr+ f bigot$ p>tisan%ip1 & religi\s    
pride1 & ob/9ate =malism1 z 9 ! case ( !
 ,jews2 or x may spr+ f cold cynicism1 &
 worldl9ess1 & di%one/y1 z 9 ! case (   
,pilate4 ,^! two conspire to crucify !  
tru?4 ,z we s[1 s also %all we reap4    
,pilate's life _h be5 /a9$ 9            
untru?fulness4 ,8 gov]nm5t _h be5 an    
alt]nation ( viol5ce & artifice4 ,8 aim 
_h n be5 to rule uprightly1 to rule     
g5]\sly1 b to rule at any co/4 ,he mu/  
calm ! suspicions ( 8 jeal\s ma/]1 & he 
mu/ quell ! turbul5ce ( an unruly p4    
,:atev] means w\ld conduce to ^! ends 7 
to him legitimate means4 ,uprightness1  
hon\r1 frankness1 g5]osity1 tru?--:at 7 
^! to him8 ,he _h no belief 9 !m1 & :y  
%\ld he practise !m8 ,he project$ 8 own 

motives into 8 e/imate ( mank9d at l>ge4
 ,he read ! *>act]s ( o!rs 9 ! di/ort$  
mirror ( 8 own consci\sness4 ,human     
life1 z he view$ x1 0 false f beg9n+ to 
end4 ,x 01 aft] all1 ! reflection ( 8   
own falsehood :i* he saw4 ,he 0 ev]     
look+ out = ! unrealities ( exi/5ce4 ,he
 _h no eye = its realities4 ,m5's       
convictions 7 _! foibles3 m5's beliefs 7
 8 play?+s4 ,untru?fulness1 cynicism1   
di/ru/1 scorn1 _h )]$ 8 s\l4 ,!y only w 
f9d ! tru? :o believe t ! tru? may be   
f\nd4 ,pilate _h no su* belief4 ,he _h  
gone ?r\gh life ask+1 half 9 bitt]ness1 
half 9 je/1 ,:at is tru?8 ,he _h ask$ x 
n[ aga91 & ! "q 0 fatal4 ,pilate's temp]
 ( m9d is a v real dang] 9 an age l     
ours4 ,let u bew>e ( ?us je/+ ) tru?1   
le/ "s "t1 l him1 we crucify ! tru?     
unaw>es4     ,,! ,,ph>isee ,,& ,,!      
,,publican4#ac   ,two m5 w5t up into !  
temple to pray4--,,luke xviii4 #aj4   ,!
 tea*+ ( ! gospels is1 9 l>ge portions1 
a tea*+ by contra/4 ,?is is ! case1 to a
 c]ta9 ext5t1 9 ! hi/orical n>rative1 b 

x is especially s 9 ! p>ables ( our ,"l4
 ,?us we h ! contra/ ( ! two bro!rs 9 ! 
p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son2 ! contra/ ( !
 two sons 9 ! p>able ( ! fa!r's v9ey>d2 
! contra/ ( ! ri* man & ! begg> 9 !     
p>able ( ,laz>us & ,dives1 & ! l2 ! "r &
 ! wrong way ( act+ are figur$1 are     
embodi$1 are p]sonifi$ 9 two liv+1 act+ 
m54 ,s x is "h2 ! "r & ! wrong _s 9     
pray]1 ! "r & ! wrong attitude t[>ds    
,god1 are set be=e u 9 portraits (      
imag9>y m5 :o might v well h be5 real   
m54 ,if y _h gone up to ! temple any    
day1 & wat*$ ! wor%ipp]s !re1 y might v 
likely h se5 ! c\nt]p>t bo? ( ! "o & ( !
 o!r4 ,b !re is n only a contra/ 9 !    
p>able1 !re is also a p>adox1 a         
surprise2 ! ord9>y e/imate ( wor? is set
 aside2 ! judgm5t ( ,god ov]rules !     
judgm5t ( m52 ! praise is giv5 :]e m5   
w\ld give ! blame1 & ! blame is giv5 :]e
 m5 w\ld give ! praise4 ,! object ( !   
p>able is to correct1 to cancel1 to     
rev]se human judgm5t4  ,two m5 w5t up   
into ! temple to pray4 ,! place is !    

same1 ! "t is ! same1 ! object is !     
same2 only ! *>act]s ( ! two m5 are     
widely diff]5t4 ,to :i* w y give !      
pref]5ce8 ,c\ld any pi\s ,jew h d\bt$   
ab\t 8 answ] to ?is "q8 ,w\ld y y\rself 
h d\bt$ if y _h be5 a ,jew & liv$ 9 t   
age8 ,let u look m n>r[ly at ^! two m5 z
 !y /& pray+ )9 ! sacr$ prec9cts4 ,"h is
 ! "o1 a ,ph>isee4 ,! sect to :i* he    
belongs is em95tly religi\s1 em95tly    
patriotic2 ! law ( ,god is _! /udy day &
 night2 _! daily life is regulat$ on !  
/ricte/ pr9ciples2 !y are ! recognis$   
lead]s ( _! c\ntrym51 _! religi\s tea*]s
 & _! political guides2 !y are reg>d$ z 
! great bulw>k aga9/ =eign tyranny &    
hea!n idolatry2 !y h altoge!r !         
confid5ce ( ! p4 ,& he is an em95tly    
fav\rable type ( ! sect4 ,x is n en\gh t
 he avoids gross & flagrant crime2 t he 
is upright 9 8 deal+s ) 8 fell[-m52 t he
 respects ! sanctity ( ! m>riage        
v[s2--he goes v f> beyond ?is3 he fa/s  
regul>ly1 he pays ti!s scrupul\sly1 he  
prays f]v5tly aft] a mann]1 z ?is       

incid5t %[s2 n a suspicion is brea!d    
aga9/ ! tru? ( 8 /atem5ts z he ?us      
describes himself4 ,no d\bt !y 7 /rictly
 true2 ! v po9t ( ! p>able dep5ds ^u _! 
accuracy4 ,:at m1 !n1 w\ld y h ?an ?is8 
,n[1 turn to ! o!r wor%ipp]1 ! publican4
 ,:at a contra/ we h "h6 ,! publicans 7 
hat$1 despis$1 loa!d by ! ,jews4 ,!re 0 
only too mu* reason = all ?is hatr$ &   
contempt4 ,! publicans 7 s call$ because
 !y f>m$ ! public taxes4 ,! ,roman ma/]s
 let out ! collection ( ! taxes = s mu* 
to ! publicans1 & ! publicans made :at  
!y c\ld by ! collect+4 ,h5ce _! position
 0 unsatisfactory f fir/ to la/4 ,?\gh  
,jews !mselves1 !y 7 ! repres5tatives ( 
! ,roman ma/]s ( ,judea4 ,!y ?us rem9d$ 
_! fell[-c\ntrym5 at e turn ( ! gall+   
yoke ( a =eign tyranny1 ( a hea!n       
tyranny1 too4 ,?is made matt]s worse4   
,religion z well z patriotism 0         
griev\sly compromis$ by !m4 ,?is 0 bad  
en\gh2 b ?is 0 n all4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i*  
!y contract$ ) ! ,roman gov]nm5t !y 7   
tempt$ to extortion & fraud4 ,_! pr(its 

dep5d$ on petty acts ( insol5ce &       
ov]rea*+1 & !re is e reason to believe  
t1 z a class1 !y did yield to _!        
temptation4 ,x might be said t _! h& 0  
aga9/ e man & e man's h& 0 aga9/ !m4    
,rememb]+ ^! facts1 we are able ! m     
truly to hon\r a ,mat!w or a ,zac*eus1  
t[]+ f> above ! moral /&>d ( _! class4  
,& ! man be=e u--:at %all we say ( him8 
,he _h yield$ to ^! temptations4 ,j z 9 
! case ( ! ,ph>isee1 s 9 ! case ( !     
publican1 !re is e reason to accept z   
/rictly true 8 description ( himself4   
,z ,i h said be=e1 ! v =ce ( ! p>able   
dep5ds on ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,he1    
d\btless1 _h be5 extortionate2 he _h us$
 8 position & 8 p[] to oppress & defraud
 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,he 01 p]haps1       
consci\s1 besides1 ( o!r griev\s s9s--n 
specially s9s ( 8 class1 b s9s (        
himself1 s9s ( mank9d4 ,!re c be little 
d\bt t :5 he beat ^u 8 brea/1 :5 he     
bewail$ 8 s9fulness1 :5 he entreat$     
,god's m]cy1 he _h on 8 consci5ce "s    
heavi] weight ?an ! ord9>y s9s &        

%ort-com+s ( ! ord9>y respectable &     
religi\s man4 ,:at1 !n1 %all we say8 ,:o
 w wav] betwe5 ^! two m58 ,:o c = a     
mom5t hesitate to rank ! ,ph>isee high] 
?an ! publican8 ,& yet x is our ,"l's   
judgm5t--x is ,god's own v]dict--t ?is  
man1 ?is publican1 ?is sulli$1 s9-/a9$1 
b )al p5it5t man1 w5t d[n to 8 home     
ju/ifi$ r ?an ! highly respectable1     
highly respect$1 highly religi\s        
,ph>isee4 ,! answ] is ?is--to "k ,god is
 ! beg9n+ & ! end ( all wisdom2 to "k   
,god is to ?9k truly1 is to act truly1  
is to live truly4 ,n[1 ! ,ph>isee did n 
"k ,god2 he 0 altoge!r at fault 9 8     
ideas ( ,god2 he 0 on ! wrong l9e1 &    
h[ev] f> he might g on t l9e he w\ld be 
no ne>] to ,god4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !        
publican _h tak5 ! "r direction2 he     
might be /ill v f> f a ?or\gh k ( ,god2 
b 8 ideas ( ,god1 h[ev] imp]fect1 7 "r z
 f> z !y w5t4 ,let u look into ?is matt]
 a little m closely4  ,!re are two ways 
( reg>d+ ,god4 ,we may look ^u ,him z a 
taskma/]1 or we may look ^u ,him z a    

righte\s ,fa!r4 ,! fir/ way is          
hopelessly1 irretrievably wrong2 !      
second way alone w lead u to ,him4 ,we  
may look ^u ,him z a taskma/]4 ,:at !n8 
,he sets be=e u a def9ite piece ( "w to 
d4 ,if we d x1 well & good2 we escape   
blame2 we get our pay4 ,x is give &     
take2 c]ta9 ?+s are to be done1 & c]ta9 
o!r ?+s are to be left undone4 ,!re !   
matt] ends4 ,?is is :at is meant by     
ju/ification by works4 ,x is a m]e "q ( 
b>ga9+4 ,we treat ) ,god z a workman    
w\ld treat ) an employ] ( lab\r2 we look
 ^u ,him z "o ( ourselves1 a little m   
p[]ful1 a little m exact+1 a little m   
/]n1 b /ill z "o ( ourselves--a man1    
magnifi$ inde$1 b a man /ill1 ) :om we c
 /ipulate & b>ga9 & haggle ab\t ! am\nt 
( "w to be done4 ,t is ! error1 ! fatal 
error1 ( ! man 9 ! p>able :o hid 8 "o   
tal5t 9 ! e>?4 ,i fe>$ !e1 because ?\   
art an au/]e man--n1 ,i lov$ !e1 n ,i   
rev]5c$ !e1 n ,i wor%ipp$ !e1 b ,i fe>$ 
!e4 ,x 0 appreh5sion1 x 0 dread--no?+   
else2 no affectionate ye>n+1 no *ildlike

 outp\r+ ( ! he>t1 no seek+ aft] !      
,fa!r's embrace4 ,?\ art an au/]e man--a
 h>d man2 yes1 a taskma/]1 & a rigor\s  
taskma/]1 too4 ,lo1 !re ?\ ha/ t is     
?9e--n a little m1 nor a little less--?\
 ha/ t is ?9e4 ,nay1 ev]y?+ is ,m9e4    
,heav5 & e>? are ,m9e2 inf9ite          
righte\sness & inf9ite tru?1 & inf9ite  
purity & inf9ite love1 are ,m9e4 ,?\    
can/ nev] give ,me t is ,m9e4 ,& s x is 
) ! ,ph>isee 9 our p>able1 ?\gh ! type (
 "* is some:at diff]5t4 ,fa/+ is enjo9$1
 !re=e he fa/s2 ti!s are comm&$1 !re=e  
he pays ti!s4 ,n a mom5t is d$uct$ f !  
fa/+1 n a p5ny is )held f ! ti!s4 ,he w 
be all safe2 he does 8 "w & he claims 8 
pay4 ,( ^? b\ndless rea*es ( m]cy1 (    
tru?1 ( love1 :i* lie beyond all def9ite
 precepts1 all specific duties1 he ?9ks 
no?+ & he kn[s no?+2 ( ! inf9ity ( ,god1
 he is :olly ignorant2 ( ,god's absolute
 righte\sness1 ( ,god's limitless       
goodness1 he has n a ?\ght2 !re=e he is 
satisfi$2 !re=e he despises o!rs4 ,if he
 _h any1 ev5 ! fa9te/1 conception ( ^!1 

he c\ld n be s complac5t1 he c\ld n     
comp>e himself advantage\sly ) o!rs4 ,to
 him :o sees ?is inf9ity ( ,god boa/+ is
 altoge!r exclud$2 he is fa9 to call    
himself an unpr(itable s]vant4 ,ah1 yes6
 x all spr+s f t "o orig9al root (      
falsehood1 t p]v]se1 fatal idea ( !     
relations ( man to ,god--s mu* pay = s  
mu* "w--haggl+ betwe5 employ] &         
employ$--conflict1 9 an exagg]at$ =m1   
betwe5 capital & lab\r once m4  ,b !    
true way to reg>d ,god is to look ^u    
,him z a righte\s ,fa!r1 to see ,8      
righte\sness fir/1 & !n to see ,8 fa!rly
 love4 ,to see ,8 righte\sness1 ! awe1 !
 beauty1 ! maje/y1 ! hol9ess1 ! glory ( 
,8 righte\sness6 ,h we caught only a    
fa9t1 transi5t glimpse ( x8 ,:at !n8    
,:at becomes ( our righte\sness1 our    
m]it1 our self-satisfaction1 our        
self-complac5cy8 ,:at mis]able1         
besmir*$1 fil?y tatt]s d ! v be/ ( !m   
seem if only = a mom5t ! skirts ( ,8    
gli/5+ raim5t h cross$ ! field ( our    
vision1 ! glory ( ,him :o is clo!d 9    

righte\sness4 ,d we ?ank ,god1 c we ?ank
 ,god n[1 t we are n z bad z o!r m5 are8
 ,nay1 ?ank ,him = ,8 opportunity1 ?ank 
,him = ,8 m]cy1 ?ank ,him = ,8 =be>+    
pati5ce1 b ?ank ,him n :]e ?anksgiv+ is 
a m]e cloak ( self-complac5cy4 ,no2 y _c
 comp>e y\rself ) ano!r n[2 y see only  
y\r own s91 y c measure only y\r own    
unwor?9ess n[1 or1 r1 x appe>s f> beyond
 measur+ to y4 ,y\r righte\sness & ?is  
man's unrighte\sness1 y\r good & ?is    
man's evil--:at diff]5ce is !re betwe5  
!m 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god's inf9ite hol9ess1
 t great levell] ( all human gradations8
      ,= m]it lives f man to man1     ,&
 n1 ,o ,god1 f man to ,!e6  ,ah1 yes1   
,"l6 ,i c see two ?+s1 & two only3 ,?y  
righte\sness1 my s9fulness1 ^! & no?+   
else4  ,b we mu/ look n only to ,god's  
righte\sness3 we mu/ look to ,8 fa!rly  
goodness also4 ,we h beheld ! he9\sness 
( our s9 9 ! mirror ( ,8 hol9ess2 we mu/
 n[ behold ! grace ( our =giv5ess 9 !   
light ( ,8 love1 ,8 fa!rly love4 ,& h we
 n full & p]fect assurance t ,8 love w  

nev] fail u8 ,:at else is ! mean+ ( ,8  
great1 ,8 ine/imable gift to man ( ,8   
only-begott5 ,son1 to take ,8 fle% ^u   
,him & to die = u8 ,by ! inf9ity ( ,8   
gift ,he w\ld %[ u t ,8 love is inf9ite 
also--no?+ less2 & we d ,him a wrong1 a 
cruel wrong1 if we approa* ,him z a     
taskma/]1 z a tyrant1 z a h>d & au/]e   
man2 we blaspheme ,8 fa!rly goodness4 ,h
 we s9n$1 & %all we g to ,him z to a    
taskma/]8 ,:at consolation1 :at         
=giv5ess1 :at hope ( ei!r "h8 ,nay1 r we
 w seek ,him z ! prodigal son s\ght     
,him2 we w g to ,him z to a fa!r2 we w  
address ,him z a ,fa!r2 we w betake     
ourselves to ,him ) a *ild's p5it5t     
he>t1 ) a *ild's tru/+ s\l1 ) a *ild's  
ye>n+ embrace1 & ,he w h compassion on  
u1 w ha/5 to meet u1 ?\gh we may be yet 
a great way (f1 & we %all be lock$ once 
m 9 ,8 ev]la/+ arms4  ,d y ?9k1 c y ?9k1
 t ! s5se ( ,8 inf9ite love w make y    
reckless1 w make y indol5t1 w make y    
presum+8 ,did love1 true love1 truly    
felt1 ev] h ?is effect8 ,nay1 j 9       

proportion z y appropriate x1 z y       
realise x1 x w quick51 x w /imulate1 x w
 purify1 x w inspire y2 x w trans=m y\r 
:ole be+ into its own p]fections f glory
 to glory4 ,god's love is ! beacon /> 9 
! sky1 arre/+1 attract+1 guid+1 lur+ u  
=w>d on ! heav5ly pa?2 ! love ( ,*ri/--n
 our love = ,him2 b ,8 love = u--! love 
( ,*ri/1 con/ra9s u1 b9ds u h& & foot1 &
 drags u onw>d ) ! cords ( a man4 ,!    
publican did see ?is1 at lea/ 9 "p4 ,he 
saw ,god's righte\sness 9 all its       
trem5d\s maje/y1 & he abas$ himself be=e
 x2 he saw ,god's fa!rly love only dimly
 z yet1 b ye>n$ = x4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh he 0  
yet a great way (f1 ,god ran to meet    
him2 & s1 not)/&+ 8 s91 he w5t d[n f !  
temple t day ju/ifi$ r ?an ! o!r4  ,"o m
 ?\ght is sugge/$ by ! p>able4 ,pray] is
 ! te/ ( "*4 ,s x 0 ) ?is ,ph>isee & ?is
 publican2 s x mu/ ev] be1 f ! nature ( 
! case4 ,pray] is ! confront+ ( self )  
,god2 pray] is ! commun+ ) ,god2 pray]  
is ! lay+ b>e ( ! s\l be=e ,god4 ,?us   
pray] proves ! realities ( a man's be+4 

,z a man prays1 s he is4 ,he :o has     
le>n$ to pray aright has le>n$ to live  
aright4 ,! fir/ & ! la/ lesson ( our    
lives1 ! fir/ & ! la/ desire ( our      
he>ts1 ! fir/ & ! la/ petition on our   
lips mu/ be ) u1 z x 0 ) ! disciples (  
old1 ,"l1 tea* u to pray2 & to ! old "q 
! old answ] w be v\*saf$ n[1 z !n1 ,our 
,fa!r1 :i* art 9 heav54 ,our ,fa!r4 ,!  
s5se ( ,god's ,fa!rhood1 z manife/$ 9   
,*ri/1 flood+ our he>ts1 & dom9at+ our  
lives--?is is ! beg9n+ & ! end ( all    
!ology2 !re is no?+ be=e & no?+ aft]    
?is4 ,!re=e1 holy ,fa!r1 we besee* ,!e =
 ,?y de> ,son's sake1 tea* u all1 ?is   
night & ev]1 to pray2 tea* u to "k ,!e1 
! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om   
,?\ ha/ s5t2 tea* u s to pray t we may  
be f\nd among ! company ( ^? fai?ful p  
:o wor%ip n a god ( _! own mak+1 n a    
taskma/]1 n a tyrant1 n a h>d & au/]e   
man1 b wor%ip ,!e1 wor%ip ! ,fa!r 9 _s &
 9 tru?4     ,,our ,,citiz5%ip4#ad      
,our conv]sation is 9 heav54--,,phil4   
iii4 #bj4   ,a bett] translation is ,our

 citiz5%ip is 9 heav54  ,we are all pr\d
 ( our c\ntry4 ,we delight to ?9k (     
ourselves z belong+ to a l& on :i* :oev]
 sets 8 foot is free4 ,we reflect )     
satisfaction t we are citiz5s ( a great 
empire on :i* ! sun nev] sets4 ,we feel 
t we h d]iv$ a v real advantage f our   
position2 ! glory ( our pa/ hi/ory is   
someh[ reflect$ ^u u4 ,we ?9k ) pride ( 
h[ fre$om has broad5$ sl[ly d[n1 f      
prec$5t to prec$5t4 ,we *]i% !          
recollection too1 ( ! mo/ glori\s sc5es 
9 our hi/ory1 z if1 someh[1 !y 7 "p &   
p>cel ( ourselves4 ,we feel z ( "o      
family1 ) its long roll ( illu/ri\s     
/atesm51 g5]als1 m5 ( sci5ce1--our      
,%akespe>e1 ,bacon1 ,newton1 ,well+ton1 
,nelson1 ,hampd51 ,pitt1 ,cann+1--t ^!  
are our fell[-citiz5s4 ,_! r5[n is our  
r5[n4 ,x is a great ?+ to ext5d our     
range ( view beyond ourselves1 beyond   
our own h\seholds1 our p>i%1 & our own  
neighb\rhood1 & yet to feel t !re is a  
bond ( union /ill2 t we are memb]s ( a  
great family1 citiz5s ( a great k+dom1  

unique 9 h] great _w-empire4 ,!         
inspiration ( ?is ?\ght1 :i* ! rec5t    
,jubilee celebration has emphasis$1     
makes u high]1 nobl]1 l>g] ?an          
ourselves4 ,x drives out all ! pett9ess 
( "* & all ! n>r[ness ( view4 ,true     
patriotism is a v noble & ennobl+       
s5tim5t4 ,to be ready to d & to suff]1  
if ne$ be to die1 = our c\ntry1 :at     
broad elevation ( s\l is !re n 9 a temp]
 l ?is8  ,/4 ,paul felt all ?is4 ,he 0  
pr\d ( ! city1 ( ! nation to :i* he     
belong$4 ,he 0 pr\d ( ! city 9 :i* he   
fir/ saw ! light4 ,we _c mi/ake 8 tones 
"h4 ,i am a citiz5 ( no mean city4 ,?is 
,t>sus1 9 :i* he 0 born1 /ood second to 
none z a seat ( le>n+ 9 8 "t4 ,he 0     
pr\d1 also1 ( 8 nationality4 ,"h1 aga91 
we _c mi/ake ! feel+ :i* und]lies 8     
language4 ,( ! /ock ( ,israel1 ( ! tribe
 ( ,b5jam94 ,are !y ,hebrew8 ,s am ,i4  
,are !y ! se$ ( ,abraham8 ,s am ,i4 ,he1
 too1 0 ! son ( ! patri>*s2 he1 too1 0 !
 heir ( ! promises2 he1 too1 _h 8       
portion among ! twelve tribes t s]v$    

,god day & night4 ,0 he n desc5d$ f ! "o
 fav\r$ tribe :i* _h giv5 its fir/ k+ to
 ,israel1 :i* _h rema9$ fai?ful to !    
h\se ( ,david :5 all ! o!rs revolt$2 :i*
 ev] m>*$ 9 ! van ( ! ,"l's ho/ :5 !    
armies w5t out to battle8 ,aft] !e ,o   
,b5jam96 ,no ta9t ( =eign admixture _h  
sulli$ ! purity ( 8 blood4 ,he 0 an     
,hebrew ( ! ,hebrews4 ,no concession to 
=eign excitem5ts1 & no relaxation (     
national rites1 _h ev] compromis$ 8     
position4 ,he 0 a ,ph>isee ( !          
,ph>isees4 ,( all ^! ?+s he might well  
be pr\d] ?an ! pr\de/4 ,albeit he paus$ 
& kept d[n all 8 pride2 he c\nt$ all z  
loss = ! excell5cy ( ! k ( ,*ri/ ,jesus 
8 ,"l4 ,& la/ly1 he 0 pr\d ( 8 position 
z a memb] ( t great empire :i* /ret*$   
out h] h& into e clime1 & c>ri$ h]      
citiz5s into all qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,"h  
aga9 8 language tells its own tale4 ,!y 
h beat5 u op5ly1 uncondemn$1 be+        
,romans1 444 & n[ d !y ?ru/ u out       
privily4 ,is x lawful = y to sc\rge a   
man t is a ,roman1 & uncondemn$8  ,yes2 

x 0 a magnific5t privilege ?is1 t a man1
 :osoev] he might be1 c\ld claim !      
immunity1 ! protection1 ! def]5ce :i* 0 
ev]y:]e accord$ to a citiz5 ( ,rome2 to 
feel t he 0 a solit>y1 homeless w&]]1 & 
_h nev]!less at 8 back all ! p[]1 & all 
! pre/ige1 & all ! maje/y ( ! mightie/  
empire t ! _w _h ev] se54 ,b h[ev]      
natural1 & 9 "s s5se ju/ifiable1 may be 
?is pride 9 ourselves1 or 9 ,/4 ,paul1  
we are rem9d$ by ! text t he & we alike 
are citiz5s ( a f> l>g]1 wid]1 m        
magnific5t1 m p[]ful1 m endur+ empire4  
,= :i* we h e reason to feel1 n inde$   
pride1 n self-satisfaction1 n va+lory1 b
 p]petual ?anksgiv+1 & b5$iction to !   
,au?or & ,giv] ( all good ?+s4 ,our     
citiz5%ip is 9 heav54  ,our citiz5%ip4  
,9 ! famili> v]sion ! ^w is r5d]$       
conv]sation1 i4e41 walk ( life4 ,b x    
means v mu* m ?an ?is2 x po9ts u out z  
memb]s ( a commonweal?1 citiz5s ( a     
polity1 subjects ( a k+dom1 9 :i* we h  
special int]e/s1 special                
responsibilities & functions4 ,s1 aga91 

! ,apo/le tells ! ,ephesians1 n[ conv]t$
 f hea!nism to ! k ( ,*ri/--,ye are no m
 /rang]s & =eign]s1 b fell[-citiz5s ) ! 
sa9ts4  ,fell[-citiz5s ) ! sa9ts4 ,y &  
!y1 b\nd toge!r z memb]s ( "o great     
nationality1 ) common duties1 common    
sympa?ies1 common aims1 citiz5s ( a     
k+dom ( :i* ! noble/ & mo/ p[]ful e>?ly 
empires are only fa9t types & %ad[s1 a  
k+dom :i* %all nev] end4 ,yes6      ,two
 worlds are ours1 'tis only s9          
,=bids u to descry     ,! my/ic heav51 &
 e>? )91       ,pla9 z ! sea & sky4  ,& 
s we ne$ to /rive ?is day to pi]ce ?r\gh
 ! veil1 t s we may realise ?is our     
heav5ly citiz5%ip4  ,on ?is fe/ival (   
,all ,sa9ts1 be=e all o!r days 9 ! ye>1 
we are invit$ to ent] into ! ,holy      
,city1 to dwell on ! glories ( ! unse5  
_w1 to commune ) ! beatifi$ s]vants (   
,god ( all ages & all c\ntries1 & to    
ga!r inspiration & tru? & refre%m5t =   
our daily tasks 9 life2 to pi]ce ?r\gh !
 veil1 ! d>k imp5etrable mi/ :i* %r\ds !
 unse5 _w4 ,yet ev] & aga9 ?is veil is  

lift$ = a mom5t1 ev] & aga9 we are made 
to feel1 by "s />tl+ occurr5ce1 h[ n>r[ 
is ! scre5 :i* sep>ates ! se5 f ! unse51
 ! mat]ial f ! spiritual1 ! _w ( "t f ! 
_w ( et]nity4 ,ev] & aga9 ! /]n monitor 
dea? rises up an unbidd5 gue/1 an       
unwelcome spectre 9 ! mid/ ( our        
worldl9ess & self-complac5cy1 sc>+ u ) !
 sudd5ness ( ! app>ition4 ,my/]y (      
my/]ies1 :5 valuable lives are sudd5ly  
cleft asund]1 :ile s mu* t is wor?less1 
& worse1 is sp>$4 ,my/]y q insoluble if 
?is 7 all1 if ! region beyond ! grave 7 
a m]e vacuum2 if m5 7 du/ & no?+ m2 if  
!re 7 no immortality1 no heav51 no?+ to 
live =1 no?+ to "w =1 no?+ to die =4    
,w>n+s ^!1 solemn & ?rill+1 if only we h
 e>s to he>1 t ?is life is n our true   
life1 t "h we are /rang]s & pilgrims1 t 
heav5 is our only abid+ h\se1 t we are  
fell[-citiz5s ( ! sa9ts4  ,fell[-citiz5s
 ( ! sa9ts4 ,?9k = a mom5t h[ mu* is    
impli$ 9 ?is4 ,:at a va/ assemblage1 :at
 a glori\s companion%ip is t 9 :i* y &  
,i1 ) our frailties1 our %ortcom+s1 our 

self-seek+1 our worldl9ess1 our di/ru/1 
our fai?lessness1 are fa9 boldly to     
claim a place6 ,all ^? glori\s spirits1 
v5]able patri>*s1 righte\s k+s1 rapt    
se]s1 glori\s psalmi/s1 :o liv$ & wr\ght
 & suff]$ 9 ! anci5t days 9 ! hope ( a  
bett] promise2 m5 :o ?r\gh fai? subdu$  
k+doms1 wr\ght righte\sness1 444 ( :om !
 _w 0 n wor?y2 all ^? apo/les & tea*]s  
:o1 k9dl+ _! tor*es at ! sacr$ fire1 !  
glory ( ! ,et]nal ,son ,himself1 c>ri$ !
 light ( ! gospel into all l&s1 giv+ up 
ev]y?+ = ,*ri/1 (f]+ to lose _! lives1 t
 by los+ !m !y might f9d !m4 ,all ^!    
m>tyrs & doctors ( lat] ages :o h&$ d[n 
! sacr$ treasure ?r\gh successive       
g5]ations1 amid/ ! fire ( p]secution & !
 confusion ( b>b>ism & ! d>kness (      
idolatry1 rejoic+ to be dev\r$ by hungry
 lions & to die at ! /ake4 ,polyc>p1    
calm & brave z 8 fle% quiv]$ 9 ! flame2 
,*ryso/om1 ) 8 fl[]y eloqu5ce2 ,augu/9e1
 ) 8 pi]c+ insight & =ce1--^! %>e1 too1 
9 ?is glori\s company ^: names live 9   
hi/ory4 ,& o!rs1 true sa9ts ( ,god1 ?\gh

 !y appe> n 9 ! cal5d> ( any ,*ur*2 m5 &
 wom5 f ! rig\r ( ^: lives succe$+      
g5]ations h _! inspiration & /r5g?2 all 
^: hol9ess & purity1 ^: c\rage &        
self-sacrifice1 ^: g5tl5ess & meekness1 
^: lov+ *>ity h be5 a nev]-fail+ f\nta9 
( refre%m5t to ! we>y pilgrim 9 ! ?ir/y 
wild]ness ( ! _w4 ,& o!rs1 too1 !re are 
^: memories %all p]i% n1 ?\gh !y h left 
no "n 9 hi/ory1 b ^: br[s1 nev]!less1   
,god ,himself w cr[n ) a halo ( ev]la/+ 
glory4 ,poor1 despis$1 unkn[n artisans &
 peasants1 weak wom5 & feeble *ildr51   
m>tyrs 9 ! m>tyrdom ( daily life1 sa9ts 
9 ! sa9tl9ess ( homely duty1 ?rongs     
innum]able ( e nation & k9dr$ & p &     
tongue1 clo!d ) :ite robes & palms 9 _! 
h&s1 /&+ be=e ! ,?rone ( ,god1 & s]v+   
,him day & night 9 ,8 temple4  ,& o!rs  
aga9 !re are1 unkn[n to ! _w1 b well    
kn[n to y & to me1 sa9ts ( our home1 (  
our s*ool1 ( our college1 ( our work%op1
 ( our (fice4 ,voices :i* 7 sil5t ye>s  
ago m+le 9 our e>s /ill1 ! h&s crumbl+ 9
 ! du/ h left a pressure t is /ill felt1

 ! eyes long s9ce glaz$ 9 dea? ev] n[ & 
aga9 are bright = u4 ,! "m at ^: knees  
we lisp$ our infant pray]1 ! *ild ^:    
innoc5t prattle soo!d our c>es & sweet5$
 our lives1 ! husb& or wife :o 0 "p (   
our exi/5ce1 ! fri5d m ?an my bro!rs are
 to me1 ^: nobl5ess & purity1 ^:        
unselfi%ness 0 ! good g5ius & ! pole /> 
( our lives4 ,^! all are !re1 ) ^! we   
hold communion1 ) ^! we walk & talk once
 m to-day z ( old4 ,?is is ! citiz5%ip (
 :i* ! text speaks1 ( :i* ! day rem9ds  
u1 m glori\s beyond comp>ison ?an any   
e>?ly society :i* eye ha? se5 or ( :i*  
e> ha? he>d4 ,= ^! manifold & great     
gifts ( :i* ! season rem9ds ,i besee* y 
?is aft]noon give a wor?y ?ank(f]+4 ,no1
 t _c be1 t is impossible1 b if n wor?y1
 at all ev5ts l>ge & lib]al4  ,& :at    
fitt] object c ,i set be=e y ?an !      
support ( a society ^: sole aim is !    
enrolm5t ( citiz5s into ! k+dom ( ,god1 
! enl>gem5t ( ! communion ( sa9ts8 ,!   
jubilee ye> ( our sov]eign's reign is ! 
jubilee ye> ( ?is society4 ,x 0 only 9 !

 process ( =mation :5 our ,que5 asc5d$ !
 ?rone2 "o ( h] e>lie/ acts 0 to give h]
 "n z its patron4 ,x 0 a "r que5ly act1 
= ( all ! bless+s = :i* dur+ !          
half-c5tury ! nation has p\r$ =? its    
?anksgiv+ at ! ,jubilee fe/ival1 surely 
none has be5 great] or m endur+ ?an ^?  
:i* h be5 conf]r$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality 
( ?is society4  ,= :at 0 ! /ate ( ?+s at
 ! beg9n+ ( ?is p]iod8 ,enorm\s arre>s (
 spiritual "w to be ov]tak52 ev]y:]e    
great masses ( p 9 our l>ge c5tres      
absolutely beyond ! rea* ( ,*ur*        
m9i/ration2 ! population ab\t to        
increase by leaps & b\nds4 ,dur+ ^!     
fifty ye>s ! society has made n less ?an
 #ba1jjj grants to poor p>i%es "h & !re1
 ! am\nts be+ on an av]age ab\t ,l#ej4  
,x has paid out 9 ?is way m ?an         
,l#a1jjj1jjj4 ,& ?is sum has be5 met by 
,l#a1jjj1jjj f contributions com+ 9 f   
else:]e2 s t ?r\gh its b5efic5t ag5cy n 
less ?an ,l#b1jjj1jjj h be5 contribut$ =
 ! increase ( cl]ical m9i/ration 9 !    
poor & popul\s di/ricts ( ! l&4  ,b ^!  

,l#b1jjj1jjj are f> f be+ an adequate   
/&>d ( its b5efic5t effects4 ,! plant+  
d[n ( an effici5t cl]gyman 9 a poor     
di/rict means ! revival ( ,*ur* "w !re2 
means1 frequ5tly1 ! erection ( a *ur* & 
s*ools2 means ! creation ( a new p>o*ial
 ma*9]y4 ,& ?us ! "w ( ?is ,society is  
borne ?r\gh 9 a ?\s& v>i\s ways :i* x is
 impossible to reckon up or to tabulate4
  ,b y w ask1 ,:at is x do+ at ! pres5t 
mom5t8 ,if its op]ations h be5 ?us      
effect$ 9 ! pa/1 does x /ill ma9ta9 its 
effici5cy8 ,i am glad to be able to give
 ?is "q an answ] :i* none c ga9say4 ,x  
nev] 0 do+ a great] "w1 nor z great a   
"w1 z at ?is v "t4 ,x gives grants to m 
?an #hej curates2 ^! grants am\nt to m  
?an ,l#ef1jjj p] annum1 & ?is sum is met
 by ab\t ! same am\nt f o!r s\rces4 ,?us
 m ?an ,l#ajj1jjj a ye> is exp5d$       
directly ?r\gh its in/rum5tality to !   
m9i/]ial /aff ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x is n only 
! ext5t ( its op]ations :i* con/itutes  
its claim on ! support ( all loyal      
*ur*es4 ,! pr9ciple also ( ?is          

adm9i/ration dem&s _! allegiance4 ,i d n
 desire to say "o ^w ( disp>agem5t ab\t 
o!r societies :i* are con/itut$ on a    
broad] or a n>r[] base4 ,all are        
welcome2 all are do+ good s]vice4 ,!re  
is "w en\gh & to sp>e = all4 ,b ?is     
association appeals to loyal ,engli%    
*ur*m5 by ! v fact t its f\ndation      
pr9ciple is nei!r wid] nor n>r[] ?an !  
,*ur* x repres5ts4 ,x imposes no te/s   
:i* ! ,*ur* does n impose2 x requires no
 ass5ts :i* ! ,*ur* does n require4 ,)9 
its limits ! individual op9ions ( !     
cl]gym5 c\nt = no?+2 ! ne$s ( ! p>i% are
 all 9 all4 ,b if x has ?is p>am\nt     
claim on all loyal *ur*m51 surely x     
appeals to none m /rongly ?an to !      
*ur*m5 ( ?is great city4 ,no diocese    
draws s l>ge an am\nt f x z ?is (       
,man*e/]2 ,i believe ,i am "r 9 say+ t  
no city receives m mat]ial aid f x2 &   
rememb]+ ?is ,i _c ?9k t y w lay        
y\rselves op5 to ! *>ge ( spiritual     
+ratitude1 ( all +ratitude ! wor/4 ,let 
!re1 !n1 be a lib]al response to !      

appeal ?is aft]noon1 lib]al 9 ! s5se t e
 giv] w feel 8 gift2 t x w co/ him "s   
real sacrifice4  ,at ?is season1 :5 we  
are especially call$ to glorify ,god 9  
,8 sa9ts1 y _c af=d to be nigg>dly4 ,su*
 nigg>dl9ess drags y d[nw>d1 & is nev] m
 out ( place ?an :5 y are attempt+ to   
lift up y\r s\ls to dwell 9 ! heav5ly   
city :]e ,*ri/ sits en?ron$ at ! "r h& (
 ,god4 ,ev]1 inde$1 y ne$ to be rem9d$ (
 y\r heav5ly citiz5%ip amid/ ! c>es &   
turmoil ( life4 ,x is ) y z ) ! law-giv]
 ( old :5 he desc5d$ f ! m\nt4 ,!       
radiance w vani% f y\r c\nt5ance only   
too soon z y m+le ) ! busy cr[d bel[4 ,&
 y too1 l ,moses1 w ne$ to reappe> ev] &
 aga9 at ! m\nta9 ( ,god1 t1 /&+ face to
 face ) ! ,et]nal ,pres5ce1 y may ga!r  
once m 9 y\r city ! rays ( ! invisible  
glory4     ,,ambition4   ,i c d all ?+s 
?r\gh ,*ri/ t /r5g!n$ me ,panta  is*uo  
en to endunam\nti me1 ,i h /r5g? = all  
?+s  9 ,him t emp[]e?1 enable?          
me4--,,phil4 iv4 #ac4   ,ambition1 !    
love ( p[]1 ! ?ir/ aft] influ5ce--its   

use & its abuse1 its true & its false   
aims--?is is no unfit subject =         
consid]ation f a ,univ]sity pulpit4     
,ambition 9 "s =m or o!r is an innate   
crav+ ( man4 ,all m5 desire p[]1 !y _c  
help desir+ x4 ,! desire is z natural to
 !m z ! desire ( heal?4 ,p[] & influ5ce 
occupy ! same place socially t /r5g? &  
vig\r ( limb d physically4 ,o!r desires1
 ?\gh veil$ "u v>i\s disguises1 resolve 
!mselves ultimately into a love ( p[]4  
,k is p[]4 ,! cultivat$ intellect has a 
comm& ( ! res\rces ( ! univ]se4 ,!      
selfi% exagg]ation ( ?is feel+ is a     
te/imony to ! und]ly+ fact4 ,!          
self-satisfi$ s\l congratulates h]self t
 %e is      ,"l ov] nature1 ,"l ( !     
visible e>?1       ,"l ( ! s5ses five4  
,%e communes ) h]self--                 
,all ^! are m9e1     ,& let ! _w h peace
 or w>s       ',tis "o to me4  ,aga91   
money is p[]4 ,a man desires weal?1 n = 
! sake ( ! /amp$ metal or ! pr9t$ pap] 9
 !mselves4 ,^! repres5t to him a comm& (
 res\rces4 ,! mis]1 inde$1 by base      

indulg5ce =gets ! end 9 ! means4 ,9 8   
own doma9 he resembles ! spuri\s        
ma!matician to :om ! lett]s & symbols   
are all 9 all1 :o sees 9 !m s _m c\nt]s 
& no?+ m1 :o is bl9d$ to ! et]nal       
relations ( space & numb] :i* !y        
repres5t4 ,b trac$ back to its orig91 ! 
mis]'s love ( money is a love ( p[]4    
,ambition1 emulation1 rivalry plays a   
highly important "p 9 ! education ( !   
_w4 ,we _c %ut our eyes to its spl5did  
a*ievem5ts4 ,9 politics1 9 social life1 
9 me*anical inv5tions1 9 lit]ature &    
art1 its /imulus has produc$ invaluable 
results4 ,if ambition has be5 ! la/     
infirmity1 x has also be5 ! initial     
inspiration ( _m a noble m9d4 ,if by    
ambition angels fell1 by ambition m5 h  
ris54 ,x has height5$ _! ideal & drawn  
!m upw>ds f l[] to high]4 ,if x is      
*>geable ) ! wor/ evils :i* h deva/at$  
mank9d1 x mu/ be cr$it$ also ) ! mo/    
spl5did advances 9 human progress &     
civilization4  ,ambition has its prop]  
home 9 a ,univ]sity4 ,ambition is ! life

 ( ?is place4 ,:at w\ld ,cambridge be   
)\t its hon\rable emulations1 its g5]\s 
rivalries8 ,body & m9d alike feel !     
/imulus ( its pres5ce4 ,remove ?is      
/imulus1 & ! imm$iate consequ5ce w be   
torpor & deg5]ation & decay4 ,! a?letic 
ambitions & ! s*ola/ic ambitions ( !    
place1 ea* 9 _! own prov9ce1 are        
indisp5sable to its heal? & vig\r4  ,to 
"o :o1 revisit+ ! sc5es amid/ :i* ! be/ 
ye>s ( 8 life 7 sp5t1 asks himself :at  
topic may be fitly h&l$ 9 ?is pulpit1 ! 
subject ( ambition w naturally sugge/   
itself4 ,! ,univ]sity has liv$ ?r\gh a  
p]iod ( exceptional re/lessness & *ange 
dur+ ! la/ ?ree decades--*ange f> m     
consid]able ?an dur+ ! prec$+ ?ree      
c5turies4 ,yet ! _s & life ( ! place are
 un*ang+4 ,x is ! ceaseless ord]ly m>* (
 a mighty army mov+ =w>d4 ,cross x :]e y
 w along ! l9e1 ! ge/ure1 ! tread1 !    
uni=m1 is ! same2 ! faces only are      
diff]5t4 ,x is ! broad1 sil5t1 ev]-fl[+ 
riv]1 *angeless1 yet always *ang+4 ,wave
 succe$s wave2 y gaze on x at int]vals2 

n "o drop ( wat] rema9s ! same2 & yet ! 
riv] is n ano!r4 ,! ma9 curr5ts (       
,univ]sity life are ! same n[ z ?irty   
ye>s ago4 ,its moral & social condition 
is ma9ly1 we may say1 ! resultant ( two 
div]g5t =ces1 its fri5d%ips & its       
emulations4 ,x is ! latt] alone t ,i    
purpose consid]+ ?is aft]noon4  ,i speak
 to y1 !re=e1 z to ambiti\s m54 ,^? only
 are beyond hope :o h no _s ( emulation1
 no crav+ aft] excell5ce--^? only1 9    
%ort1 :o are devoid ( ambition4 ,i      
invite y1 !re=e1 to be ambiti\s4 ,only  
,i ask y to purify y\r ambition1 to     
consecrate x1 to direct x ?r\gh wor?y   
*annels & to wor?y aims4 ,i desire to %[
 y ! m excell5t way4  ,if1 inde$1       
ambition has a*iev$ spl5did results1 x c
 only h done s by virtue ( spl5did      
qualities4 ,x mu/ conta9 9 itself true &
 abid+ elem5ts1 :i* we _c af=d to       
neglect4 ,?us x involves a love (       
approbation4 ,?is _c be culpable 9      
itself4 ,z social be+s1 we h sympa?ies &
 affections :i* lie at ! v roots ( our  

nature2 & ! desire ( approval is        
insep>ably int]tw9$ ) ^!4 ,:o w\ld blame
 ! *ild = seek+ to w9 its "m's good     
op9ion8 ,b ! pr9ciple _c be limit$ to   
?is "o example4 ,x is co-ext5sive ) !   
:ole range ( our social relations4 ,!   
end s\ght is comm5dable4 ,only x may be 
discr$it$ & condemn$ by ! means tak5 to 
atta9 x2 z1 = in/ance1 if we disguise   
our true s5tim5t1 or )hold a j rebuke1  
or connive at wrongdo+1 or sacrifice a  
noble purpose1 = ! sake ( /&+ well )    
o!rs4 ,x is !n1 & !n only1 t ! praise ( 
m5 conflicts ) ! praise ( ,god4 ,aga91  
ambition implies a _s ( emulation4      
,nei!r is ?is wrong 9 itself4 ,if x 71  
?is ,univ]sity w\ld /& condemn$ root &  
bran*4 ,emulation is n envy2 emulation  
is n jeal\sy2 emulation does n seek to  
injure or rob ano!r4 ,an apo/le av[s x  
to be 8 aim to provoke to emulation4    
,?is provocation--?is /imulus (         
comp>ison & contra/--is an invaluable   
influ5ce4 ,we measure ourselves ) o!rs2 
we see our defects mirror$ 9 _!         

excell5ces2 our ideal is height5$ by !  
comp>ison4 ,?us !re ga!rs & f]m5ts 9 u a
 discont5t ) ourselves--n inde$1 if we  
are wise1 ) our capacities1 n ) our     
opportunities1 n ) ! inevitable         
environm5ts ( our position1 b ) !       
conduct ( t p]sonality :i* is free to   
discipl9e1 to m\ld1 to direct1 to       
develop our end[m5ts4 ,?is              
dissatisfaction ) self is ! ma9spr+ (   
all high ent]prise & all moral          
advancem5t4  ,b ! *ief elem5t 9 ambition
 is ! pursuit ( p[]4 ,! consci\sness (  
p[] gives a satisfaction q indep5d5tly (
 ! ex]cise ( p[]4 ,:atev] =m ! p[] may  
take--:e!r intellectual em95ce1 or      
social influ5ce1 or physical /r5g?1 x is
 a ?+ :i* man desires1 :i* he _c help   
desir+1 9 & = itself4 ,x is a se$ (     
,god's own plant+--a g]m ( spl5did      
a*ievem5ts1 if rightly tra9$ &          
cultivat$4 ,x is only culpable 9 its    
excesses & deviations4 ,by our v        
con/itution we feel a happ9ess 9 mak+ ! 
be/ ( ourselves1 z ! phrase runs--9     

develop+ & improv+ our faculties1       
irrespective ( any ult]ior results4 ,b a
 faculty improv$ is a p[] ga9$4         
,bro!rs1 ,i desire be=e all ?+s to k9dle
 9 y a l(ty ambition to-day4 ,!re=e1 ,i 
h /riv5 to ju/ify ambition to y z ,god's
 v preci\s gift4 ,i wi%--,god help+     
me--to inspire y ) t inw>d              
dissatisfaction1 t discont5t ) self1 t  
ceaseless1 sleepless crav+ aft] high]   
?+s1 :i* gives y no re/ day or night1   
because x pursues an ev]-rec$+ goal4 ,i 
w\ld /imulate 9 y t high _s ( emulation 
:i*1 f]m5t+ & see?+ 9 y\r he>ts1 impels 
y to unkn[n ent]prises4 ,i ask y to pray
 = p[]1 to pursue p[]1 to grasp at p[]1 
) all ! =ce & det]m9ation :i* y c comm&4
  ,h[ c ,i d o!rwise8 ,are n y ! m51 &  
is n ?is ! season1 = ! h&l+ ( su* a     
topic8  ,are n y ! m58 ,:o among y has n
 felt1 at "o "t or ano!r1 ! sp>k ( a    
div9e fire k9dl+ )9 y8 ,:o has n ye>n$ )
 an int5se1 if mom5t>y1 ye>n+ to d      
some?+ wor?y1 to be some?+ wor?y8 ,y\?  
is ! hey-day ( hope1 ( en?usiasm1 ( l(ty

 aspiration4 ,y h felt t !re 0 )9 y a   
lat5t p[]1 a heav5-born capacity1 :i*   
ought to "w miracles1 if x 7 n clogg$ by
 self-indulg5ce1 or c[$ by timidity1 or 
*ok$ by slo? & indulg5ce4  ,are n y !   
m58 ,z ,i h said to su* audi5ces be=e1 s
 ,i say to y n[4 ,y d n "k1 y _c "k1 )  
:at rev]5ce--a rev]5ce approa*+ to      
awe--old] m5 reg>d ! glori\s pot5tiality
 ( y\?1 9 all ! fre%ness ( its vigor\s  
life1 ) all ! promise ( ! com+ ye>s4    
,our habits are =m$2 our c>e] is def9$2 
our possibilities are limit$4 ,! wide   
sweep ( moral victory1 /ill op5 to y1 is
 clos$ to u = ev]4 ,b :at triumphs may y
 n a*ieve1 if y are true to y\rselves8  
,:at in/rum5ts may y n be 9 ,god's h&s1 
if only y w yield y\rselves to ,him--n )
 a timid1 passive1 half-he>t$           
acquiesc5ce1 b ) ! active conc5tration (
 all y\r p[]s ( body & s\l & _s8  ,&    
aga9 ,i ask1 is n ?is ! "t8 ,! fir/     
volume ( y\r life's hi/ory is clos$4 ,a 
clean page lies op51 & ) :at writ+ %all 
x be fill$8 ,?is is ! great crisis ( y\r

 life4 ,^! e>lie/ few weeks ( y\r       
,univ]sity c>e]1 ) :i* p]haps y are     
trifl+1 :i* y are idl+ ?\ghtlessly away1
 are only too likely to det]m9e = y :at 
y %all be 9 "t & 9 et]nity4 ,x is !     
great crisis1 b x is also ! signal      
opportunity4 ,?ank ,god1 ?is is s2 = !  
two d n always co9cide4 ,z ! great break
 9 y\r lives1 x is ! great season =     
revision1 = rep5tance1 = am5dm5t1 = !   
/rong resolve & ! def9ite plan4 ,! old  
base associations mu/ be ab&on$2 ! old  
loose habits mu/ be cur$2 ! old indol5ce
 %ak5 (f2 & ! old s9 ca/ out & trampl$  
"u foot4 ,nev] aga9 w su* a magnific5t  
opportunity be giv5 y ( rectify+ ! pa/2 
= nev] aga9 c y reckon on ! leisure1 !  
privacy1 ! aids & environm5ts1 ne$$ by  
"o :o is tak+ /ock ( 8 moral & spiritual
 life4  ,:o w\ld n %r9k f !             
responsibility ( address+ y at su* a    
crisis8 ,& yet ,i speak boldly to y4 ,d 
,i n "k t ?\gh ! h& ( ! swordsman is    
feeble1 yet ! weapon itself is          
p[]ful--ke5] ?an any two-edg$ sword8 ,am

 ,i n assur$ t ?\gh ! prea*]'s words may
 be feeble1 falt]+1 desultory1 )\t =ce &
 )\t po9t1 yet ,god may b>b ! ill-fl$g$1
 ill-aim$ %aft1 & drive x home to !     
he>t8 ,x is possible t ev5 n[ ! live    
coal f ! alt> may be br\ght by ! w+$    
s]aph's h&1 & laid on ! s9ful lips4 ,i h
 und]tak5 to glorify ! p[] ( ,god1 & to 
hold x up to y z y\r true/ goal4 ,h[ c  
,i hope = a he>+1 if ,i beg9 by di/ru/+ 
x :]e ,i myself am conc]n$8  ,x is "h1  
!n1 t ,i bid y seek & f9d ! true aim (  
y\r ambition--9 realis+1 appropriat+1   
absorb+ into y\rselves1 id5tify+        
y\rselves ) ?is p[] ( ,god4 ,x alone is 
inexhau/ible 9 its res\rces & inf9ite 9 
its pot5cy4 ,!re is no fe> "h le/ !     
conqu]or ( a _w %\ld sigh & fret because
 no?+ rema9s beyond to conqu]4 ,if !    
crav+ is inf9ite1 ! satisfaction is     
inf9ite also4 ,/> beyond />1 _w beyond  
_w1 w />t out into view z y\r vision    
gr[s cle>]1 spangl+ ! moral heav5s ) _! 
gl[s4 ,panta is*uo1 ,i c d all ?+s4     
,panta humon1 ,all ?+s are y\rs4 ,yes1 b

 ?is promise ( limitless /r5g? has its  
condition atta*$--en to endunam\nti me1 
,9 ,him t emp[]e? me2 yes1 b ?is pl$ge (
 univ]sal dom9ion is qualifi$ by !      
sequel humeis de ,*ri/\1 ,ye are        
,*ri/'s4  ,h[ c we bett] realise ?is p[]
 ( ,god ?an by tak+ ,/4 ,paul's /atem5t 
z our />t+-po9t8 ,! ,cross ( ,*ri/ is ! 
p[] ( ,god4 ,! ,cross is ! c5tral       
revelation ( ,god4 ,! ,cross has n      
unfrequ5tly be5 prea*$ z a n>r[         
te*nicality :i* %ocks ! consci5ce &     
freezes ! he>t4 ,x ?us becomes a m]e    
=5sic subtlety4 ,b ! ,cross ( ,*ri/1    
taught 9 all its l5g? & bread? & height 
& dep?--! ,cross ( ,*ri/ taught z ,/4   
,paul taught x--! ,cross ( ,*ri/1 />t+ f
 ! ,inc>nation on ! "o side1 & lead+ up 
to ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion on ! o!r1
 conta9s all ! elem5ts ( moral          
reg5]ation & ( spiritual life4  7#a7 ,x 
is fir/ ( all a lesson ( righte\sness4  
,x is ! great rebuke ( s91 ! great      
assurance ( judgm5t1 ! great call to    
rep5tance4 ,?9k--no1 y _c ?9k1 x defies 

all ?9k+--yet /rive to ?9k1 :at is      
impli$ 9 ! human bir?1 ! human life1 !  
human suff]+1 ! human dea? ( ! ,et]nal  
,^w4 ,ask y\rselves :at condesc5sion1   
:at sacrifice1 :at humiliation is       
involv$ 9 ?is4 ,summon to y\r aid all   
analogies ( self-r5unciation :i* hi/ory 
records or imag9ation sugge/s4 ,!y w all
 fail y4 ,no reit]ation ( ! f9ite c     
compass ! inf9ite4 ,y are lo/ 9 awe at !
 contemplation4 ,& :ile y\r bra9 is     
reel+ ) ! ef=t1 try & imag9e ! awe1 !   
maje/y1 ! glory ( a righte\sness :i*    
c\ld only ?us be v9dicat$4 ,!n1 aft]    
look+ upw>d to ,god1 look inw>d into y\r
 own he>t1 & see h[ he9\s1 h[ loa?some1 
h[ guilty y\r guilt mu/ be1 :i* has co/ 
su* a sacrifice z ?is4 ,god's           
righte\sness--y\r s91--^! are br\ght    
face to face 9 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/4  7#b7  
,b1 secondly1 :ile x is a d5unciation ( 
s91 x is likewise an assurance ( p>don4 
,if ! inf9ity ( ! sacrifice has taught y
 ! maje/y ( ,god's righte\sness1 x      
tea*es y no less ! glory ( ,8 m]cy4 ,:at

 may y n look =1 :at may y n hope = f a 
,fa!r :o has v\*saf$ to y ?is transc5d5t
 manife/ation ( ,8 lov+-k9dness8 ,he t  
sp>$ n ,8 own ,son 444 h[ %all ,he n )  
,him also freely give u all ?+s8 ,is any
 "o "h burd5$ ) ! consci\sness ( a      
%ameful pa/8 ,does ! memory ( "s ugly   
s*ool-boy s9 dog y\r pa?1 haunt+ &      
p>alys+ y ) its importunity8 ,y feel    
sometimes z if y\r :ole life 7 poison$  
by t "o cruel retrospect4 ,bro!r1 be    
bold1 & d>e to look up4 ,i w\ld n h y   
?9k y\r s9s "o :it less he9\s4 ,b if    
,god's righte\sness is inf9ite1 s also  
is ,8 m]cy4 ,! ,cross is re>$ be=e y\r  
eyes 9 ?is moral wild]ness1 :]e y are   
dy+1 :]e all are dy+ ar\nd y4 ,d>e to   
look up4 ,! bite ( ! s]p5t's fang is    
heal$2 ! v5om c\rs+ ?r\gh y\r ve9s is   
quell$2 & heal? returns to ! poison$    
s\l4 ,yes1 & by ,god's grace x may happ5
 t ?r\gh y\r v fall y w rise to a high] 
life2 t ! ?anksgiv+ = ! s9 =giv5 w      
consecrate y ) full] consecration2 & t !
 acute moral agony ?r\gh :i* y h pass$ w

 end[ y ) a m helpful1 m sympa!tic1 m   
lov+ _s1 ?an if y _h nev] fall54  7#c7  
,b aga91 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ is n only a   
condemnation ( s91 n only a pl$ge (     
=giv5ess2 x is likewise an obligation ( 
self-sacrifice4 ,god =bid1 says ,/4     
,paul1 t ,i %\ld glory save 9 ! cross ( 
our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b :at next8 ,n   
:]eby ,i am sav$ 9 spite ( myself1 n    
:]eby ,i am sp>$ all p]sonal ex]tion1 b 
:]eby ! _w is crucifi$ unto me1 & ,i to 
! _w4 ,?is con=mity to ,*ri/'s dea?1 ?is
 crucifixion ( self ) ,*ri/1 always =ms 
"p ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,cross 9 ,/4 ,paul's 
tea*+4 ,! dy+ ) ,*ri/1 ! be+ buri$ )    
,*ri/1 is ! absolute accompanim5t ( !   
aton+ dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,we _c be at "o )   
,*ri/ unless we con=m to ,*ri/4 ,! "w   
done = u necessitates ! "w done by u4 ,!
 pot5tiality ( our salvation--( y\rs &  
m9e--wr\ght ?r\gh ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ c    
only !n become an actuality1 :5 ,*ri/'s 
dea? is ?us appropriat$1 realis$1       
translat$ into action by u--by y & by   
me4 ,b x rema9s /ill ! "w ( ,god's      

grace4 ,human m]it is absolutely exclud$
 /ill1 z absolutely z by ! balde/ & mo/ 
unqualifi$ doctr9e ( sub/itution4  7#d7 
,f\r?ly & la/ly1 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ is a  
lesson ( ! reg5]ate & sanctifi$ life4   
,dy+ & liv+1 burial & resurrection1 ^! 9
 ! ,*ri/ian vocabul>y are correlative   
ideas4 ,! ,crucifixion implies !        
,resurrection & ! ,asc5sion4 ,! rais+ up
 on ! cross dem&s ! rais+ up f ! grave1 
! rais+ up into heav54 ,! lift+ up ( !  
braz5 s]p5t 9 ! wild]ness is a symbol   
alike ( ! "o & ! o!r4 ,& z ) ,*ri/1 s   
also ) ^? :o are ,*ri/'s4 ,if we di$ )  
,*ri/1 we %all also live ) him4 ,^? only
 c be made con=mable to ,*ri/'s         
resurrection :o h be5 made con=mable to 
,8 dea?4 ,! p[] ( ,8 resurrection is !  
c\nt]p>t to ! p[] ( ,8 cross4  ,h]e91   
!n--9 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/--resides ?is p[] 
( ,god :i* is (f]$ to y z ! true aim (  
y\r ambition1 inexhau/ible1 omnipot5t1  
inf9ite4 ,w y close ) ! (f]8 ,!n rev]5ce
 y\rselves2 believe 9 y\rselves2        
consecrate y\rselves4  ,rev]5ce         

y\rselves4 ,beg9 ) rev]5c+ ?is y\r body4
 ,rev]5ce x z ,god's h&iwork fe>fully & 
wond]fully made4 ,contemplate x2 yes1   
contemplate x ) awe1 if only = its      
m>vell\sly subtle me*anism4 ,b rev]5ce x
 /ill m z ! consecrat$ temple ( ,god's  
,_s4 ,d n neglect x2 d n misuse x2 be=e 
all ?+s d n defile & desecrate x4 ,"y   
m51 ! problem ( social purity is ?r[n   
d[n = y\r g5]ation to solve4 ,w y accept
 ?is *all5ge8 ,! consci5ce ( ,engl& is  
awak5+ to ! t]rible curse4 ,to r$ress ! 
cry+ social wrong1 to raise womanhood f 
degradation & %ame1 to hold up to       
rev]5ce ! idea ( a pure1 *ivalr\s1 manly
 manhood1--?is is ! crusade 9 :i* y are 
invit$ to enli/4 ,w y1 z consecrat$     
soldi]s ( ! ,cross1 claim y\r "p 9 !    
glory ( ?is campaign8 ,if s1 ! "w mu/   
beg9 n[1 mu/ beg9 9 y\rselves4 ,!re c be
 no success aga9/ ! foe :]e !re is      
disaffection & mut9y 9 ! citadel4       
,believe 9 y\rselves2 yet1 n 9 y\rselves
 z y\rselves4 ,believe n 9 y\r /r5g?1 b 
9 y\r weakness4 ,believe 9 ,god :o      

dwells 9 y4 ,give full re9 to y\r       
ambition4 ,tru/ ?is p[] ( ,god4 ,x w n  
/unt or m>1 w n cru%1 w n annihilate y\r
 natural gifts--y\r social end[m5ts1 y\r
 political in/9cts1 y\r intellectual    
capacities4 ,x w only elevate1 h>monize1
 inspire1 purify !m4 ,tru/ ?is p[]4 ,!re
 is no?+1 absolutely no?+1 :i* y may n  
d1 if y w only tru/ x4 ,panta is*uo1 ,i 
h /r5g? = ev]y?+1 ev]y?+ 9 heav5 & e>?4 
,y h y\?1 heal?1 vig\r1 en?usiasm1      
hopefulness1 ev]y?+ on y\r side n[4     
,seize ! great opportunity :i* c nev]   
return4  ,consecrate y\rselves4 ,empty  
y\rselves ( y\rselves1 t y may be fill$ 
) ,god4 ,yield y\rselves to ,him1 n ) a 
passive acquiesc5ce1 a s5tim5tal        
quietism1 b ) ! e>ne/1 en]getic         
direction ( all y\r faculties to ?is "o 
end4 ,a p]iod mu/ /ill int]v5e = mo/ ( y
 be=e ! active indep5d5t "w ( life      
beg9s1--a p]iod ( discipl9e & wait+4    
,only by pati5ce w y w9 y\r s\ls4 ,b !  
self-d$ication mu/ be made at once1 & x 
mu/ be complete4 ,half-he>t$ness spoils 

! sacrifice4 ,po/ponem5t is p]il\s4 ,!  
opportunity despis$ turns its back on y 
= ev]4 ,consecrate1 consecrate          
y\rselves1 body & s\l & _s1 to ,god n[1 
?is night4   ,,footnotes  #a ,^! s]mons 
are pr9t$ f report]'s notes4  #b ,prea*$
 at ,cambridge1 ,oct4 #bcrd1 #ahha4  #c 
,prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral on       
,sunday ,aft]noon1 ,septemb] #f?1 #ahgd4
  #d ,mr4 ,foley1 ,r4,a41 sculptor4  #e 
,s]mon prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral on 
,sunday1 ,may #ba/1 #ahgf4  #f ,s]mon   
prea*$ 9 ,durham ,ca!dral on ! ,occasion
 ( 8 ,en?ronem5t1 on ,?ursday1 ,may     
#ae?1 #ahgi4  #g ,prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s  
,*ur*1 ,bi%op ,auckl&4  #h ,deliv]$ at  
,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,tuesday ev5+1    
,novemb] #d?1 #ahgc4  #i ,deliv]$ 9 ,/4 
,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,tuesday ev5+1        
,novemb] #aa?1 #ahgc4  #aj ,deliv]$ 9   
,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,tuesday ev5+1    
,novemb] #ah?1 #ahgc4  #aa ,prea*$ 9 ,/4
 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,?ursday1 ,june #ai?1
 #ahhd1 on ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,girls'      
,fri5dly ,society4  #ab ,prea*$ 9 ,/4   

,paul's ,ca!dral1 on ,sunday ,aft]noon1 
,may #cj?1 #ahge1 be=e "s ( ,h]         
,maje/y's ,judges1 ! ,"l ,mayor1 &      
memb]s ( ! ,corporation ( ! ,city (     
,london4  #ac ,prea*$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's     
,ca!dral1 ,febru>y #a/1 #ahhd4  #ad     
,prea*$ at ,man*e/] ,ca!dral1 at annual 
meet+ ( ,additional ,curates ,society1  
on ,tuesday1 ,novemb] #a/1 #ahhg4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1  ,v9ey1     
,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4             
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,9 ,table (        
,cont5ts1 ditto m>ks replac$ by text !y 
ref] to 7,*ri/ianity & ,paganism74      
,italics indicat$ by und]scores &       
translit]at$ ,greek by plus signs4      
,gallas *ang$ to ,gallus on page #gi1   
,con/ant9e to ,con/antius on page #ic1 &
 god to gods on page #aab 7c4f4 ,,bcp   
,psalt] xcvii4 #g74 ,punctuation errors 
correct$ on pages #ci & #abh4 ,spell+   
errors correct$ on page #hj 7fanactism7 
page #ajd 7consci\snes7 page #adh 7evey7
 & page #agj 7eu74 ,diff]5t spell+s (   

apo/asy_/apo/acy1 & inconsi/5t          
hyph5ation else:]e1 h be5 reta9$4       
,illu/ration on title page is decorative
 emblem4