,,these ,,books ,,were ,,planned ,,in ,a ,,series ,,of ,,conferences ,,and ,,consultations ,,with ,,leading ,,art ,,teachers ,,and ,,educators1 ,,among ,,whom ,,were ,,the ,,following3 ,,miss ,,bonnie ,e4 ,,snow1 ,,formerly ,,director ,,of ,,art1 ,,public ,,schools1 ,,minneapolis1 ,,minn4 ,,miss ,,wilhelmina ,,seegmiller1 ,,director ,,of ,,art1 ,,public ,,schools1 ,,indianapolis1 ,,ind4 ,,miss ,,harriette ,l4 ,,rice1 ,,director ,,of ,,art1 ,,public ,,schools1 ,,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,,mr4 ,,walter ,,scott ,,perry1 ,,director ,,of ,,the ,,art ,,department1 ,,pratt ,,institute1 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,mrs4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,riley1 ,,director ,,of ,,art1 ,,public ,,schools1 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 ,,dr4 ,,hugo ,,muensterberg1 ,,professor ,,of ,,psychology1 ,,harvard ,,university4 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,w4 ,,cooley1 ,,department ,,of ,,education1 ,,university ,,of ,,north ,,dakota4 ,,mr4 ,,john ,s4 ,,clark1 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,,text ,,books ,,of ,,art ,,education ,,book ,,ii4 _/ _/ ,,second ,,year ,,by ,,hugo ,b4 ,,froehlich ,,formerly ,,instructor ,,in ,,pratt ,,institute ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,and ,,bonnie ,e4 ,,snow ,,formerly ,,supervisor ,,of ,,drawing ,,in ,,the ,,public ,,schools ,,of ,,minneapolis1 ,,minn4 ,illustration ,,the ,,prang ,,educational ,,company ,,new ,,york _/ _/ ,,boston _/ _/ ,,chicago ,,copyright1 #aijd1 ,,by ,,the ,,prang ,,educational ,,company4 ,acknowledgment4 ,we are indebted to the publishers1 ,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 for permission to use the verses1 ,at the ,seaside 7page #df71 the lines from ,good and ,bad ,children 7page #ac71 and the lines from ,singing 7page #cf7--;all from ,a ,child's ,garden of ,verses1 by ,robert ,louis ,stevenson2 to the ,macmillan ,company for the lines by ,christina ,rossetti 7page #af72 to ,houghton1 ,mifflin and ,company for the stanza from ,longfellow's ,the ,fiftieth ,birthday of ,agassiz 7page #a74 ,for the ,theory of ,color ,relations used in these books1 special acknowledgment is due to ,dr4 ,denman ,w4 ,ross1 of ,harvard ,university4 ,the lessons in ,design are preparatory to the fuller exposition in the upper books of ,dr4 ,ross's principles of arrangement--,balance1 ,rhythm and ,harmony4 ,i took a piece of plastic clay1 ,and idly fashioned it one day1 ,and as my fingers pressed it1 still ,it moved and yielded to my will4 ,i came again when days were past1-- ,the bit of clay was hard at last4 ,the form ,i gave it still it bore1 ,but ,i could change that form no more4 ,i took a piece of living clay1 ,and gently formed it day by day1 ,and moulded1 with my power and art1 ,a young child's soft and yielding heart4 ,i came again1 when years were gone1-- ,it was a man ,i looked upon4 ,he still that early impress bore1 ,and ,i could change it nevermore6 ,illustration ,and ,nature1 the old nurse1 took ,the child upon her knee1 ,saying2 ,here is a story-book ,thy ,father has written for thee4 ,illustration ,come out of doors with paint-box and brush6 ,come to a clear little pool in a meadow6 ,the world is dressed in blue1 yellow and green4 ,the green in the distant trees looks blue-green2 but the color of the meadow is yellow-green4 ,the pool is the color of the sky4 ,paint the picture and choose a name for it4 ,illustration ,autumn likes bright red and yellow1 with orange1 violet1 and deep1 deep blue4 ,see how she has dressed our meadow4 ,look at the trees and the clear little pool4 ,what color is the grass8 ,where is the deep blue8 ,where does the violet look more red than blue8 ,paint an autumn picture of our meadow4 ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,name each of these four trees4 ,tell how you know them4 ,which tree is like a leafy tent or umbrella8 ,its arms reach far and wide to bend over us4 ,which tree looks like a spire8 ,its arms are raised toward the sky4 ,which tree stands with trunk tall and straight from the root to the pointed top8 ,see the brave old oak1 with broad green crown and fifty arms so strong4 ,paint a set of shadow pictures 7silhouettes7 of the trees you like best4 ,study the trunk3 its shape2 its size2 the way it sends out its branches4 ,study the branches3 their shapes2 their length2 the way they stretch out1 or stretch up1 or droop4 ,paint the true shape of the whole big tree4 ,illustration ,the maple-tree in autumn looks like a great bouquet of reds and yellows in a dark vase4 ,you can tell it from all others by the shape and the color4 ,paint the bright bouquet4 ,drop in clear colors to show the shape of the maple-tree4 ,illustration ,when the trees are bare of leaves1 we see how beautiful the branches are4 ,no two trees stretch out their arms in just the same way4 ,but the largest boughs always spring from the big round trunk4 ,see how the smaller boughs spring from larger ones and rock the winter buds in the air4 ,paint a tree as it looks in ,november4 ,illustration3 ,there's a ship on the sea ,and it's sailing to-night1 sailing to-night1-- ,and father's aboard1 and the moon is all bright4 ,dear moon1 he'll be sailing for many a night-- ,sailing from mother and me4 ,o follow the ship with your silvery light1 ,as father sails over the sea4 ,illustration ,ship1 sky and sea in the soft grays of night6 ,which is darker1 the sky or the sea8 ,look at the light in the sky where it seems to meet the sea4 ,the ship looks darkest gray4 ,we see it against the lighter grays4 ,paint a ship on the sea1 sailing to-night4 ,illustration ,have you seen how sunset light over snow warms the white to a violet glow8 ,have you seen an evergreen tree against a sunset sky8 ,the green looks very dark4 ,have you noticed the beautiful shape of ,christmas trees8 ,paint a winter sunset1 with an evergreen against the sunset sky4 ,illustration ,words make us see pictures4 ,we can paint the same pictures with the brush4 ,paint what the next lines make you see4 ,a little swerve2 a tricky curve1-- ,and such a tumble6 ,a whirl2 a stop2 the sled on top2 ,a merry laugh1--yet this is not half ,the fun of sliding6 ,illustration ,here is ,susan in the rain again6 ,now there are sky and trees in the picture4 ,think how the little girl is placed to show that she is walking on the ground4 ,which is lightest gray--sky1 trees1 or ground8 ,draw the picture with pencil1 or paint it with brush and ink4 ,illustration ,happy hearts and happy faces1 ,happy play in grassy places4 ,do these lines tell the truth about your field-day picnic8 ,were you in the fields or in the woods8 ,show with brush or pencil the best fun of the day4 ,illustration ,daisies are dancing1 dancing1 dancing1-- ,daisies are dancing1 list to the call ,sung by the ,katydid1 gay little fiddler ,come all ye ,flowers and dance at the ,ball6 ,illustration ,when the dandelion looks up at the sun1 it shakes out its golden tresses from the green flower-cup4 ,see the tall1 round stem--pale green1 with tints of red4 ,what colors do you see in the long1 narrow1 hooked leaves8 ,do they grow on the flower-stem8 ,paint your dandelions with their leaves just as you see them4 ,illustration ,wheat sways heavy1 oats are airy1 ,barley bows a graceful head4 ,bring stalks of wheat1 oats1 and other grains4 ,look at the shapes of the heads4 ,see how each slender stalk holds its beautiful crown4 ,paint with ink from grasses1 grains1 or weeds of slender growth4 ,illustration ,how do you know this plant without seeing its colors8 ,paint a shadow picture of this flower1 or of some other blossom that is a bunch of many little flowers in one head4 ,does the blossom droop1 or nod1 or stand erect8 ,show just how each leaf grows on the stem4 ,our pictures must tell the truth4 ,illustration ,look closely at the two pictures of the chrysanthemum4 ,see the two ways of painting the same plant4 ,which is easier to paint--this flower1 or the dandelion8 ,in what ways is this stem not like the flower-stem of the dandelion8 ,in what ways are the leaves not like the dandelion leaves8 ,can you see the flower-cup8 ,what colors will you use to paint your flower8 ,illustration ,many fingered maple ,spreads her palms on high4 ,study the shape of your own bright maple leaf4 ,are the leaf stems the same color as the bough8 ,what do you see where the stems join the bough8 ,is your bough bent or straight8 ,does it grow smaller toward the end8 ,what colors do you see in the leaves8 ,paint this bit of autumn glory4 ,illustration ,plums on their twigs1 ,cherries and figs1 ,peaches1 pears1 and apples1--growing in the sun4 ,which fruit is shown in the picture8 ,try to find fruit growing4 ,paint a twig with leaves and fruit4 ,use ink4 ,show how the leaves and the fruit grow on the bough4 ,show true shapes4 ,illustration3 ,,apples6 ,,ripe ,,apples6 ,,who',,ll ,,buy8 ,illustration ,an apple growing on a twig is as beautiful as a flower4 ,see how the leaves hide part of the bough4 ,paint the shape of the apple with water2 drop in fresh1 clear colors4 ,study the growth and color of the stem4 ,paint what you see4 ,illustration ,when you painted pussy-willows last year1 you painted them in grays4 ,now show them in colors4 ,the budding twigs of spring often show colors as bright as those of flowers4 ,look for color in the stems and buds of bushes1 and in the tiny twigs of many trees4 ,for willow catkins spring chooses her daintiest colors3 soft silvery grays2 rosy pink2 pale green2 bits of yellow2 and never are two dressed alike6 ,paint them as they look now4 ,illustration ,would you like to tell the story of the life of the bean from seed to fruit8 ,you can tell it by shadow pictures4 ,now let us paint its flower and fruit4 ,look closely at the shape of each pod4 ,show by the stem how your bean grows4 ,illustration ,this little wild fellow of the woods is very like another flower we love4 ,the other is a queenly lady in pure1 spotless white4 ,her name is calla lily4 ,tell how the two plants are alike2 how unlike4 ,paint shadow pictures of both4 ,illustration ,illustration ,alice is glad to find the ground covered with snow this morning4 ,she wishes to take her new sled to school4 ,she sees the bright1 blue sky2 she sees the snow sparkle in the sunlight2 she sees the soft violet of the far-off trees4 ,paint the little girl and what she sees4 ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,we have very good times taking care of our goldfish4 ,the beautiful shapes darting about in the water glow and flash like the brightest of jewels4 ,they seem to have all the colors of the rainbow4 ,we often paint them4 ,illustration ,illustration ,said the rooster1 ',i'd have you all know ,i am nearly the whole of the show2 ,why1 the sun every morn ,gets up with the dawn ,for the purpose of hearing me crow6' ,illustration3 ,,rhinoceros ,,hippopotamus ,cut pictures to show animals you have seen in a circus parade4 ,illustration3 ,,lion ,,tigress ,,elephant ,,camel ,look at this picture4 ,see how it shows that the little girl is jumping4 ,illustration ,who can jump the rope without tripping8 ,alice may try it4 ,draw or paint the picture these verses make you see3 ,over your head1 and under your toes1 ,that is the way the merry rope goes4 ,up with this foot1 down with that1 ,happy heart1 go pit-a-pat4 ,illustration3 ,this is the way we wash our clothes1 wash our clothes1 wash our clothes2 ,this is the way we wash our clothes1 on a cold and frosty morning6 ,this is the way we dry our clothes1 dry our clothes1 dry our clothes2 ,this is the way we dry our clothes on a cold and frosty morning6 ,illustration3 ,this is the way the ladies walk1 ladies walk1 ladies walk2 ,this is the way the ladies walk1 on a cold and frosty morning6 ,this is the way the gentlemen walk1 gentlemen walk1 gentlemen walk2 ,this is the way the gentlemen walk1 on a cold and frosty morning4 ,illustration ,the children sing in far ,japan1 ,the children sing in ,spain2 ,the organ with the organ man ,is singing in the rain4 ,show in a ,picture3 #a4 ,what you can do to help mother4 #b4 ,a game the girls play at recess4 #c4 ,what the boys play at recess4 #d4 ,what the wind does4 #e4 ,something that can swim4 #f4 ,something that can fly4 #g4 ,what you play with at home4 #h4 ,what you do in school4 #i4 ,what the birds do in the spring4 #aj4 ,a picnic in the grove4 ,illustration ,does your little ,mary drink tea1 ,mrs4 ,brown8 ,oh1 no1 ,mrs4 ,bird6 but she likes to drink milk out of these pretty cups4 ,my little ,ruth likes the cups1 too4 ,you see ,i have a new tea-set4 ,it was my ,christmas present4 ,i have a tea-party almost every day4 ,illustration ,illustration ,sing a song of sixpence1 ,a pocket full of rye2 ,four-and-twenty blackbirds ,baked in a pie4 ,when the pie was opened1 ,the birds began to sing2 ,was not that a dainty dish ,to set before a ,king8 ,the ,king was in his counting-house ,counting out his money2 ,the ,queen was in the parlor1 ,eating bread and honey4 ,the maid was in the garden1 ,hanging out the clothes2 ,when up came a blackbird1 ,and snapt off her nose4 ,illustration ,look over your toys4 ,choose two you would like to see together in a picture4 ,what would you like with a doll8 ,why not a drum8 ,why not a flat-iron and a whip8 ,why do you like the picture of a tub with a wash-board8 ,place your two toys as they look best4 ,draw their picture as you see them4 ,illustration ,what dishes do you use in your play kitchen when you are getting ready for a tea-party8 ,choose two you would like to see together in a picture4 ,place them as you think they look best4 ,look at them very closely4 ,be sure to see their true shapes4 ,draw just what you see4 ,illustration ,mrs4 ,marsh was getting ready to take ,roy and ,grace to spend a week at ,clear ,lake4 ,grace saw the open trunk4 ,oh1 ,roy6 said she1 here's our trunk open1 ready to be packed4 ,let's pack it ourselves and surprise mother4 ,all right6 ,that will be great fun6 ,then we can take just what we like4 99 99 99 99 99 ,draw the open trunk4 ,draw it after it was packed and closed4 ,guess what they put into it4 ,how do you think mother liked to be surprised in this way8 ,illustration ,when ,i was down beside the sea ,a wooden spade they gave to me ,to dig the sandy shore4 ,illustration ,in the sunlit garden ,through the glad spring day1 ,watch the happy little folk ,turning work to play4 ,illustration ,mould clay to make a sphere4 ,with thread1 cut it into two parts of just the same size4 ,you have cut your sphere into two equal parts4 ,each is called a hemisphere4 ,mould clay to make half an apple on a square tablet4 ,think how many things shaped like a hemisphere you can mould and draw4 ,illustration ,mould a square prism of clay4 ,draw it standing on a square face4 ,draw it lying on an oblong face4 ,think of things shaped like a square prism3 things you see out of doors2 at home2 at school2 everywhere you go4 ,tell what you have seen4 ,choose some to draw1 mould or paint4 ,illustration ,mould a square prism of clay4 ,with thread1 cut it into two equal parts like those in the picture4 ,each of these two equal parts is a right tri-prism4 ,look at the three oblong faces of your right tri-prism4 ,one face is wider than either of the others4 ,when a right tri-prism is resting on its widest oblong face1 it looks like a roof4 ,what does it look like in other positions8 ,show by drawing or painting4 ,illustration ,draw a circle4 ,fold and cut it into two equal parts4 ,each is a semicircle4 ,place a hemisphere on a book4 ,raise the book to the level of your eyes4 ,draw the shape of the hemisphere4 ,you have drawn a semicircle4 ,what plant is shaped like a hemisphere on a round stem8 ,do you see how to draw a row of these shapes1 or a border of semicircles8 ,illustration ,these pictures show you how to get a square and an oblong from a square prism4 ,draw an oblong four inches long and two inches wide4 ,draw a three-inch square4 ,draw an oblong table-cloth with a border of squares in a row4 ,lay a row of tablets3 first1 an oblong2 then a square4 ,draw this border on a paper towel4 ,illustration ,one of the drawings on this page is called a right triangle4 ,can you find it8 ,think how you can get a right triangle from a right tri-prism4 ,lay tablets of the same shape to make a border across the ends of a rug4 ,draw a house with a triangle in the roof4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,color ,,chart ,illustration ,what pleasure to paint a window like this1 beautiful in shape1 beautiful in color6 ,draw a two-inch square4 ,on this lay tablets--the inch square in the center1 with semicircles about it4 ,draw around it4 ,draw around the semicircles4 ,paint the shape with water4 ,drop in the fresh colors and let the water blend them4 ,finish with the dark edge4 ,in the two bright circles of color1 point out the six rainbow colors3 yellow1 orange1 red1 violet1 blue1 green4 ,find in the circles the color that is between yellow and orange4 ,these two colors are blended in one1 named yellow-orange4 ,find the color between red and orange4 ,what two colors are blended in red-orange8 ,find the color between red and violet1 named red-violet4 ,why8 ,find blue-violet4 ,find blue-green4 ,what two colors blend to make yellow-green8 ,find it in the circles4 ,how many of these colors are in your stained glass window8 ,paint another window1 and watch the colors come4 ,illustration ,draw or paint a picture of the animal you know best4 ,draw or paint a row of these shapes1 all just alike4 ,take pictures of your animal as it looks when it stands2 sits up2 lies down2 walks or runs4 ,make rows of these shapes4 ,which row would you like best for a border on your book cover8 ,illustration ,look at the shapes on these book covers4 ,in the borders you have made1 the shapes have always faced the same way4 ,do these8 ,place two sweet-peas1 daffodils1 or other flowers1 as the grasses are placed4 ,choose those that seem to look toward each other4 ,place shapes of animals in the same way4 ,draw or paint them on book covers4 ,illustration ,this is a good pattern for a floor of wood1 or for oil-cloth to cover a floor4 ,you may draw it for your play house4 ,on an eight-inch square of paper draw sixteen two-inch squares4 ,in the center of each1 lay an inch tablet4 ,draw around it4 ,with the pencil1 color the squares like the squares in the picture4 ,illustration ,look at bowls at home and in stores4 ,choose the shape you like best4 ,we will make one out of clay4 ,does it not seem strange that you can make a lump of moist clay into a beautiful bowl8 ,with the thumbs1 press a deep hollow in the lump of clay for the inside of the bowl4 ,press and pull up the outside into the shape you wish4 ,if you need more clay1 work in a small lump at a time4 ,let the bowls stand one day to dry4 ,then wash the inside with a glaze4 ,when the bowl is very dry1 it is ready to be baked in the kiln4 ,illustration ,this clay match-safe is not so easy to make as the round bowls we have made4 ,shape a lump of clay like a square prism4 ,with the thumbs1 press the hollow inside until the bottom is like an oblong tablet4 ,press and pull the walls into good shape4 ,leave square corners4 ,work in the handle4 ,let the match-safe stand one day to dry4 ,then1 with the brush1 paint upon it a row of shapes in red4 ,when the match-safe is very dry1 it may be fired in a kiln4 ,illustration ,illustration ,look at this pattern for wall-paper4 ,it would be good for a bedroom4 ,you may make your own patterns for different rooms in your house4 ,choose your shapes4 ,think how to place them4 ,choose two colors you like to see together4 ,color with brush or pencil4 ,choose the best patterns for your rooms4 ,illustration ,illustration ,see how this table is made from a box like a cube without a cover4 ,make one4 ,look at this stove1 and at the one in the play house4 ,we can make such a stove4 ,make a solid cube of stiff black paper4 ,cut pieces for doors1 covers1 grate1 hearth and pipe4 ,paste them on4 ,the bottom is a very low box with a little larger face than the cube4 ,make one4 ,if you like1 cut out the sides to leave wide legs4 ,paste the bottom of the stove on this base4 ,illustration ,fold1 cut1 and paste an eight-inch square to make a square prism for the seat4 ,cut a sheet six inches by eight inches4 ,fold and crease two inches from each short edge4 ,shape the sides4 ,fold around the seat4 ,paste4 ,illustration ,to make a short book-mark1 fold four strips ten inches long into double five-inch strips4 ,hold two of them side by side in the left hand1 with the open ends of the outer strip at the top1 and the open ends of the inner strip at the bottom4 ,with a third strip in the right hand1 pass its two parts around the outer strip in the left hand4 ,pass its two ends between the two parts of the inner strip4 ,then hold the work in the right hand4 ,with the fourth strip in the left hand1 pass it around the outer strip and between the parts of the inner strip in the right hand4 ,to draw the strips tight1 pull the open ends4 ,cut two ends4 ,trim the other ends4 7,see the picture47 ,paste the parts in place4 ,you have made a pretty gift4 ,illustration ,illustration ,hi1 weavers6 ,ho1 weavers6 ,come1 and weave with me6 ,you'll rarely find1 go where you will1 ,a happier band than we6 ,illustration ,choose1 for the body of your rug1 carpet yarn of a color you will like in the room where you will put it4 ,what color that looks well with this1 will you choose for the stripes8 ,string your loom with one long piece of warp4 ,draw it so it feels firm4 ,leave long1 free ends4 ,thread your needle or shuttle1 and weave from both ends to the middle4 ,lift the rug from the loom when it is woven full4 ,run the ends of the warp strings along the sides of the rug2 or1 tie them to the next warp strings4 ,is your rug for a hall1 a parlor1 a dining-room or a bedroom8 ,illustration ,there is work that is work2 ,there is play that is play2 ,there is play that is work2 ,there is work that is play-- ,and one of these four ,is the very best way4 ,transcriber's note3 ,underscores have been used to indicate italic fonts4